pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Fisheye lens

A fisheye lens (or fish eye lens) is a wide-angle lens, which has an very wide angle of view. Unlike normal wide angle lenses, fisheye lernses use Gnomonic projection, which will distort the image. Straight lines which do not run through the center of the image will be shown as curved ones. Common fisheye lenses have angles of view between 180 and 220 degrees. Prototypes have been built with angles of view as large as 270 and even 310 degrees. Due to their construction, conventional wide angle lenses cannot reach angles of view greater than 180 degrees. Even though they have very wide angles of view, fisheye lenses show less vignetting. Vignetting occurs when the border of the image is much darker than the center.
Because of their wide angle of view, fisheye lenses are often used in cameras used for surveillance.
Camera lenses
Hugh Parmer

Hugh Quay Parmer (August 3, 1939 - May 27, 2020) was an American lawyer, businessman and Democratic politician. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1963 to 1965. He was later a member of the Texas Senate from 1983 to 1991. Between 1977 to 1979, he was Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas.
Parmer died in Fort Worth on May 27, 2020 at the age of 80.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Lawyers from Fort Worth
Mayors of Fort Worth
Humanitarians
Businesspeople from Fort Worth, Texas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Front 242

Front 242 is a Belgian electronic music group. They were famous during the 1980s. They are known for being a pioneer of electronic body music, and as an influence on the electronic and industrial music genres.
Front 242 was formed in 1981 in Aarschot, Belgium, by Daniel Bressanutti and Dirk Bergen. Patrick Codenys and Jean-Luc De Meyer had also formed a group called Under Viewer at around the same time. The two duos joined together in 1982. In 1983, Dirk Bergen left the band and Richard Jonckheere, called Richard 23, joined as vocalist.
In 1987, Front 242 signed with Wax Trax! Records in the U.S. and Red Rhino in Europe.
Band members
Jean-Luc De Meyer - vocals
Daniel Bressanutti - keyboards, programming, live mixing
Patrick Codenys - keyboards, programming, guitars, samplers
Richard Jonckheere, often credited as "Richard 23" - electronic percussion, vocals
Tim Kroker - electronic drums
Occasional band members and collaborators
Dirk Bergen - credited as keyboardist on Geography
Jean-Marc Pauly - credited for writing and composing vocals on 06:21:03:11 Up Evil
Pierre Pauly - credited for writing and composing vocals on 06:21:03:11 Up Evil
Kristin Kowalski - credited as writer, composer and vocalist on 05:22:09:12 Off, Animal, and Angels Versus Animals
Eran Westwood - credited as writer, composer and vocalist on 05:22:09:12 Off, Animal, and Angels Versus Animals
John Dubs - credited as writer and composer on Animal and Angels Versus Animals
Jean-Marc Lederman - credited as remixer on Angels Versus Animals.
Discography
Geography (1982)
No Comment (1984)
Back Catalogue (1987)
Official Version (1987)
Front by Front (1988)
Tyranny (For You) (1991)
Live Target (1992)
06:21:03:11 Up Evil (1993)
05:22:09:12 Off (1993)
Angels Versus Animals (1993)
Live Code (1994)
Mut@ge.Mix@ge (1995)
Re-Boot: Live '98 (1998)
Pulse (2003)
Moments ... (2008)
References
Belgian musical groups
Electronic body music
1980s music groups
2003 invasion of Iraq

The 2003 invasion of Iraq (March 20, 2003 - May 1, 2003) was the war fought by the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Poland and some other countries against Iraq, to end the rule of Saddam Hussein. The main reason that the war started was said to be because the British and American Governments believed that Iraq had dangerous weapons of mass destruction (such as chemical or nuclear weapons) that could be used against other countries. This turned out after the invasion to not be true.
Another reason for the start of the war was that many people thought that Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, one of the leaders of al-Qaeda, was hiding in Iraq after the September 11, 2001 attacks. Though Saddam Hussein was not involved in the planning of the September 11 attacks, many people accused him of giving al-Qaeda a safe place to hide from the United States. The war was extremely controversial. Many British and American people blamed British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the American President, George W. Bush.
Paratroopers landed in the far north of Iraq and a few soldiers attacked from the sea, but most invaded from Kuwait in the south. 4,734 NATO soldiers were killed in Iraq war including 4,600 U.S. servicemen, 179 UK servicemen and 139 Other NATO soldiers with a total of 4900 casualties. 31,882 U.S. servicemen and over 3,600 UK servicemen were wounded in Iraq. More than 180,000 Iraqi civilians who were not soldiers were also killed.
Aftermath
On December 30 2008, US soldier Christopher Lotter was killed in Tikrit as retaliation for Saddam's execution on December 30 2006 Army Pfc. Christopher W. Lotter| Military Times.
On April 18 2010, ISIS leaders Abu Ayyub al-Masri and Abu Abdullah al-Rashid al-Baghdadi were killed in a raid of Tikrit in a safe house.
The United Nations Secretary-General said that, "[F]rom our point of view and from the Charter point of view [the war] was illegal."
References
Other websites
Encyclopedia Britannica's Article on 2003 War
Architects of Illegal American-Iraq 2003 war: George Bush jr, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld found guilty of war crimes!
War Report. More than 5,000 articles, documents and analyses of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, updated four times a week--Project on Defense Alternatives.
CIA's final report
Occupation of Iraq Timeline at the History Commons
Morgues so full, bodies turned away
The War In Context News aggregator
ProCon's examination of Iraq Invasion
by Professor Dr. Sedat Laciner, "Ten Impasses of the Resistance in Iraq"
Amnesty International Report on Iraq
2003 in Asia
Iraq War
Arab-Israeli conflict
George W. Bush
War crimes
fi:Liittouman hyokkays Irakiin vuonna 2003
Antony, Hauts-de-Seine

Antony () is a French commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is from the centre of Paris.
Antony is a subprefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and the seat of the arrondissement of Antony.
Watered by the Bievre, a tributary of the Seine, Antony is located at the crossroads of very important transport routes, especially the main north-south axis which has existed for 2,000 years. Little urbanized until the early 20th century, the city grew considerably between the two wars, under Senator-Mayor Auguste Mounie, from 4,000 to 20,000 inhabitants. In the early 1960s the population quickly increased from 25,000 to 50,000 to accommodate the repatriated people from Algeria.
References
Communes in Hauts-de-Seine
Subprefectures in France
Michael Henderson

Michael Henderson (July 7, 1951 - July 19, 2022) was an American bass guitarist and singer-songwriter. He was known for his work with Miles Davis in the early 1970s. He was also known for his fusion albums such as Jack Johnson, Live-Evil, and Agharta.
Henderson died on July 19, 2022 in Atlanta, Georgia, two weeks after his 71st birthday.
References
1951 births
2022 deaths
American singer-songwriters
American bass guitarists
American R&B singers
American jazz singers
American funk singers
American soul singers
American pop singers
Singers from Mississippi
Musicians from Mississippi
Writers from Mississippi
People from Yazoo City, Mississippi
Ranoidea exophthalmia

This article is about the frog from New Guinea. For the frog from Tanzania, see Leptopelis vermiculatus.
Ranoidea exophthalmia (also known as the big-eyed tree frog) is a tree frog from New Guinea. Scientists found it between 730 and 850 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of Oceania
Voiceless alveolar trill

The voiceless alveolar trill differs from the voiced alveolar trill in its phonation (whether or not the vocal chords are vibrating while pronouncing the sound). It is used in a few languages. In languages that also have the voiced alveolar trill, it can be a similar sound or an allophone (another way a certain sound can be pronounced).
In Proto-Indo-European, the sound *sr became a sound spelled , with the letter for and the diacritic for , in Ancient Greek. This sound was probably a voiceless alveolar trill. It became the regular word-initial (meaning "at the start of a word") allophone of in standard Attic Greek. This sound has disappeared in Modern Greek.
Features
Features of the voiceless alveolar trill:
Examples
Alveolar
Voiceless alveolar fricative trill
The voiceless alveolar fricative trill is not known to be a sound in any language, except maybe the East Sakhalin dialect of Nivkh. However, it is an allophone (another way of pronouncing a specific sound) in Czech.
Features
Features of the voiceless alveolar fricative trill:
Its manner of articulation (how the sound is pronounced) is fricative trill, which means it is a non-sibilant fricative and a trill pronounced at the same time.
Examples
Related pages
Index of phonetics articles
Notes
References
Consonants
General Zod

General Zod (full name Dru-Zod) is a fictional Superman character who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character, who first appeared in Adventure Comics #283 (April 1961), was created by Robert Bernstein and initially designed by George Papp. He is a super-villain from Superman's planet. He has the same powers and strength that he has. He was sent to Earth to kill Superman.
He was played by Terence Stamp in Superman and in Superman II. He was also played by Michael Shannon in Man of Steel and The Flash.
Total Film ranked Zod #32 on their "Top 50 Greatest Villains of All Time" list in 2007. Pop-culture website IGN.com ranked General Zod as #30 on their list of the "Top 100 Comic Book Villains", asserting that "Stamp is Zod.
DC Comics supervillains
Kryptonians
Superman
Anouk Haars

Anouk Haars (born 28 December 1994) is a Dutch korfball player. She is a member of KZ/Hiltex and the Netherlands national korfball team.
She is a member of the national team since 2020. With the national team she won the gold medal at the 2022 World Games in Birmingham, Alabama.
References
1994 births
Living people
Dutch korfball players
Sportswomen
Roosevelt Corollary

The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine articulated by President Theodore Roosevelt in his State of the Union address in 1904 after the Venezuela Crisis of 1902-03.
1900s in the United States
Theodore Roosevelt
Springfield, Louisiana

Springfield is a town in Livingston Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Towns in Louisiana
Settlements in Livingston Parish, Louisiana
Cave nebula

The Cave nebula is an emission nebula in the constellation of Cepheus. It is about 2,400 light-years away from Earth.
Nebulae
Brooke Astor

Brooke Astor (born Roberta Brooke Russell; March 30, 1902 - August 13, 2007) was an American philanthropist, socialite and author. She was the chairwoman for the Vincent Astor Foundation. The VAF was founded by her third husband, Vincent Astor, son of RMS Titanic passenger John Jacob Astor IV. Brooke Astor wrote two novels.
Astor was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She died in Briarcliff Manor, New York at age 105 from pneumonia.
References
American centenarians
American novelists
American socialites
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Businesspeople from New Hampshire
Deaths from pneumonia
People from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Infectious disease deaths in New York (state)
Writers from New Hampshire
Writers from New York (state)
1902 births
2007 deaths
Eurovision Song Contest 1957

The Eurovision Song Contest 1957 was the second edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. The contest was held on Sunday 3 March 1957 and was hosted in Frankfurt, West Germany by Anaid Iplicjian. All countries from the previous contest returned while the United Kingdom, Austria and Denmark made their debut.
Overview
1957
Dying Light

Dying Light is a first person survival horror video game that was developed by Techland and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game was released on 27th January 2015. The game is available on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It was revealed on May 23, 2013.
The game started to be developed in early 2012.
References
Other websites
Official website
2015 video games
PlayStation 4 games
Windows games
Xbox One games
Paracel Islands

Paracel Islands is the name for a number of uninhabited atolls and reefs in the South China Sea. They are about from Hainan and about from Vietnam. Currently they are under the control of the People's Republic of China, but Taiwan and Vietnam also claim them. The islands are uninhabited.
The islands are located in the South China Sea consisting of over 30 islets, sandbanks and reefs with about of the ocean surface. The archipelago is approximately equidistant from the coastlines of Vietnam and China, southeast of Hainan Island, and about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines. Turtles live on the islands, and seabirds have left nests and guano deposits, but there are no permanent human residents except military personnel and fishermen.
The islands are divided into two main groups. The Amphitrite group is in the northeast and the Crescent group is in the southwest, and they are located about from one another. Subject to hot and humid climate, with abundant rainfall and frequent typhoons, the archipelago is surrounded by productive fishing grounds and potential oil and gas reserves.
Related pages
Sansha
References
Territorial disputes
Territorial disputes of China
Islands of Asia
Pacific islands
Uninhabited regions
Archipelagos
Cost of living

Cost of living is the amount of money it costs just to live in a certain place. It includes food, housing, etc.
Economic indicators
Tim Means (environmentalist)

Timothy "Timoteo" Irwin Means Heinemann (March 18, 1944 - August 13, 2019) was an American-Mexican ecotourism and environmentalist. He was born in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. He was known for his works for the protection and preservation of the Baja California peninsula and its wildlife. He played an important role in the Federal government of Mexico's designation of Isla Espiritu Santo as an area of ecological and national protected area in 1994. His works were acknowledged by the UNESCO.
Means died in San Diego, California on August 13, 2019 from problems caused by diabetes, aged 75.
References
1944 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
American environmentalists
Mexican people
People from Pennsylvania
People from San Diego, California
Heber Springs, Arkansas

Heber Springs is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team

The Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team was a professional bicycle racing team.
The US Postal Service stopped was the sponsor of the team until 2004. The Discovery Channel took over sponsorship in June 2004 in time for the new UCI ProTour
On February 10 2007 Discovery Channel ended its sponsorship of the team at the end of the 2007 season. The decision to end its sponsorship is believed to be related to the firing of Discovery Networks president Billy Campbell by David Zaslav, Zaslav became the new president of Discovery Communications that same day.
On 10 August 2007, the team's licence holders, Tailwind Sports, said that the team would stop racing at the end of the year. They could not find a new sponsor and blamed that on bad publicity about doping in the 2007 Tour de France.
Members
The most well known member of the Discovery Channel team was Lance Armstrong. He won the Tours de France seven times before he retired in 2005.
References
Other websites
Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team
Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team
The Official Fan Club of Lance Armstrong and the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team
Discovery Channel team page at Cyclingpost
U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team
USPS Pro Cycling Team Website
Letter arguing that Postal Watch has no case against the USPS
Inspector General criticisms of sponsorships
UCI ProTour teams
Discovery Channel
2007 disestablishments in the United States
Sports organizations of the United States
Caldbeck

Caldbeck is a village and civil parish in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 714 people living in Caldbeck.
References
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
San Luis, Argentina

San Luis is the capital city of the San Luis Province in Argentina.
Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Scoring (cricket)

Scoring in cricket is a way of showing how well each team did during the game; it shows which team had more runs (points), as well as sometimes showing how well each of their players did during the game.
Winning scores
A game of cricket is won by the team with more runs at the end of the game, so long as the team with fewer runs has completed all of its innings. In games of cricket with time limits, there can be a "draw" result, which means no team wins if not enough innings are completed on time (the follow-on is one way that teams try to stop this from happening). When a game of cricket is played with multiple innings per team, the winning team can sometimes win while batting fewer times than its opponent; how many fewer times they batted is sometimes shown in their score.
Although a team's victory is based only on runs and innings (and sometimes the time limit of the game), team scores can also show, sometimes during different innings, the number of wickets lost by (batters who are out on) a team, as well as the number of balls/deliveries (which can also be shown as overs) batted by the team. These last two things can be useful to know because in most forms of cricket, a team's innings will almost always end either when almost all players on the team are out, or in games of cricket where each team had limits on the number of legal deliveries that could be bowled to them, they have batted a certain number of legal deliveries.
References
Cricket
Sports words
Dohnsen

Dohnsen is a village administered by the Lower Saxon town of Bergen in northern Celle on the Luneburg Heath in North Germany. It is east of Bergen.
References
Literature
Ewald Schrader - Chronik Dohnsen-Wohlde mit Siddernhausen, Roxhullen, Hunenburg u. Salzmoor Bergen (1976)
Other websites
Information about Dohnsen
Villages in Lower Saxony
Bergen, Lower Saxony
Luneburg Heath
Celle (district)
AfriMusic Song Contest

The AfriMusic Song Contest is a pan-African song contest based in the ESC. Different singers representing an African country celebreted since 2018 to present.
Predecessors
Song Of Africa (originally to be celebrated in May 25, 2011 in Johannesburg, South Africa to become the African licensed version of Eurovision)
Africa Song / Le Chant De L'Afrique (originally to take place in December 2014 and to be organized by the Africa Song Holdings Limited legally registered in Mauritius with the key peeople from South Africa)
All Africa Song Contest (originally to be hosted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2015 and organized by the Kush Communications, London based production company led by Zeinab Badawi)
List of winners
Highest placings of non-winning countries
Related pages
Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Asia Song Contest
Turkvision Song Contest
Other websites
AfriMusic Song Contest.com - the official website of the AfriMusic Song Contest
Music competitions
2010s establishments in Africa
2018 establishments
Kirby's Pinball Land

Kirby's Pinball Land is a pinball video game that was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo in 1993. It is for the Game Boy game console. It is the first spin-off game in the Kirby series. It was later released for the Virtual Console service on the Nintendo 3DS in 2012.
The game features three pinball tables. Each table has three floors. The player earns points by bouncing off of walls and bumpers, and by defeating enemies. Players can also earn Maxim Tomatoes, which stops the player from losing a ball for a short amount of time. On the middle and top floors is a Warp Star. If the player takes the Warp Star on the middle floor, the player can play a minigame to earn extra points and multipliers. The Warp Star on the top floor takes the player to the boss of the table. After defeating a boss, the player can earn another life by spelling out the word "Extra" with the letters that appear on the table selection screen. After the player plays all three tables, they face against King Dedede. Defeating King Dedede allows the player to play the tables again for a higher score.
Kirby
Pinball video games
Game Boy games
1993 video games
Virtual Console games
Video game spin-offs
Irgenhausen

Irgenhausen is a village of the municipality of Pfaffikon in the Swiss canton of Zurich.
Villages in Zurich
Visací zámek

Visaci zamek () is a Czech punk rock band. The band was formed in 1982. This band is thought to be the oldest Czech punk band. Its early work influenced the sound of an entire generation of bands. The early works of Visaci zamek are strongly influenced by early nihilism and post-modernism.
Band members
Jan "Hony" Haubert - vocals
Michal "Pixies" Pixa - kytara, vocals
Vladimir "Savec" Stastka - bass guitar
Ivan "Hroch" Rut - kytara, vocals
Jiri "Sweet P" Patek - drums
Discography
Albums
Visaci zamek (1990)
Start 02 (1991)
Three Locks (1992)
Traktor (1993)
Jako vzdycky (1994)
Sex (1996)
Visaci zamek znovu zasahuje (2000)
Punk! (2005)
Klasika (2010)
Compilations and live records
Raritky (1989)
Zamkomanie (1998)
19 let - Live at Akropolis (2001)
Zofin (2002)
20 let - Live at Akropolis (2003)
Visaci zamek 25 let (2008, CD + DVD)
Beat hall of fame (Live-Split-CD with Tri sestry, Fananek and Synove vycepu) (2009)
punk bands
Czech musical groups
Gary Brooker

Gary Brooker, (29 May 1945 - 19 February 2022) was an English singer-songwriter and pianist. He was the founder and lead singer of the rock band Procol Harum. His genres included hard rock, progressive rock and jazz. His career began in 1962. Brooker was born in London, England.
In June 2003, he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).
Brooker died from cancer at his London home on 19 February 2022, at the age of 76.
References
1945 births
2022 deaths
Cancer deaths in London
English rock singers
English pianists
Singer-songwriters from London
English rock musicians
Musicians from London
Progressive rock singers
Hanalei, Hawaii

Hanalei is a census-designated place in Kauai County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 450 at the 2010 census. Hanalei means "lei making" in Hawaiian. Hanalei also means "crescent bay," coming from the shape of Hanalei Bay.
Geography
Hanalei is located next to Hanalei River on the north shore of the island of Kauai.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Hanalei has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2), of which 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) is water. The total area is 20.73% water.
History
Imperial Russia
People from the Russian Empire lived here in the 19th century. In 1815 the German physician Georg Anton Schaffer, who worked with the Russian-American Company, came to Hanalei to get goods taken by Kaumualii. Schaffer got involved in Hawaiian politics and heard of Kaumuali`i's plan to take back his kingdom of Kauai from Kamehameha I with the help of the Russian Empire. Kaumuali`i later signed a "treaty" granting Tsar Alexander I protectorate over Kauai. An area near Hanalei used to be part of Russian America.
Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 478 people, 193 households and 115 families residing in Hanalei. The population density was 736.7 per square mile (283.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 57% White, 18% Asian, 3% Pacific Islander, <1% from other races, and 21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.81% of the population.
There were 193 households of which 25% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40% were married couples living together, 10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40% were non-families.
The median household income was $34,375, and the median family income was $55,750. About 22% of families and 25% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 and older.
Climate
The climate of Hanalei is mild.
References
Census-designated places in Hawaii
19th-century establishments in Hawaii
Natural Bridge, Alabama

Natural Bridge is a town of Winston County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It is near the intersection of U.S. Highway 278, Alabama Highway 13, and Alabama State Route 5.
Towns in Alabama
Peter Varghese

Peter Joseph Noozhumurry Varghese (born 1956) is an Australian diplomat and public servant. He has been the Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade since 3 December 2012.
Varghese was born in Kenya to Nasrani parents from Kerala, India. He moved to Australia as a child in 1964. He studied history and graduated from the University of Queensland. He is married and has a son.
References
1956 births
Living people
Australian ministers for Foreign Affairs
Australian diplomats
Order of Australia
Malayali people
Alfred Pfaff

Alfred Pfaff (born 16 July, 1926) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1949-50||rowspan="12"|Eintracht Frankfurt||rowspan="12"|Oberliga||28||2
|-
|1950-51||31||12
|-
|1951-52||28||8
|-
|1952-53||27||10
|-
|1953-54||28||9
|-
|1954-55||27||10
|-
|1955-56||28||15
|-
|1956-57||27||9
|-
|1957-58||21||7
|-
|1958-59||27||9
|-
|1959-60||25||12
|-
|1960-61||4||0
301||103
301||103
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1953||1||0
|-
|1954||2||2
|-
|1955||0||0
|-
|1956||4||0
|-
!Total||7||2
|}
References
1926 births
2008 deaths
German footballers
Sportspeople from Frankfurt
Reeva Steenkamp

Reeva Rebecca Steenkamp (19 August 1983 - 14 February 2013) was a South African model and television personality. At the time of her death, she had been filming her part for the reality television show Tropika Island of Treasure. The series was filmed in Jamaica. As a model, she had a contract with Capacity Relations. She was also a presenter for FashionTV.
Steenkamp was born in Cape Town and raised in Port Elizabeth. Her parents are Barry Steenkamp, a horse trainer, and his second wife June. She was of Dutch and German ancestry. During her early twenties, she broke her back in a horse riding fall, and had to learn how to walk again. She was a paralegal. She dated rugby union player Francois Hougaard. At the time of her death, Steenkamp was dating Paralympic and Olympic athlete Oscar Pistorius.
Steenkamp was shot dead by her boyfriend Oscar Pistorius on 14 February 2013 in Pretoria. She was 29. Pistorius was arrested and charged with murder. He claims he thought she was an intruder. After a very public trial, Pistorius was charged with culpable homicide on 12 September 2014.
References
Other websites
1983 births
2013 deaths
Afrikaner people
Murders by firearm
People from Cape Town
Reality television participants
South African entertainers
South African models
Television presenters
White South African people
Electoral district of Hawkesbury

Hawkesbury is an electoral district of New South Wales. It was created in 1859, abolished in 1920 and recreated in 1927.
It is a conservative electorate. Hawkesbury contains a variety of places, including the far northern outskirts of Sydney, a small part of the Central Coast, and some rural towns.
Election results
References
Hawkesbury
Arauca, Arauca

Arauca is a city in Colombia. It is the capital of Arauca Department.
Cities in Colombia
Capitals of Colombian departments
Doğan Akhanlı

Dogan Akhanli (; 18 March 1957 - 31 October 2021) was a Turkish-born German writer. His works focused on genocides of the 20th century, such as those affecting Armenians and the Jews. His works criticized Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and often got him arrested.
Akhanli died from cancer on 31 October 2021 at the age of 64 in Berlin.
References
1957 births
2021 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
German novelists
Turkish writers
Essayists
Political writers
Khamnung Kikoi Louonbi

Khamnung Kikoi Louonbi () is a primordial goddess in Meitei mythology and religion. She is the divine feminine personification of the death. She carries off the souls of people to the underworld () when the time allotted to them to live had expired. If any soul is not willing to accompany her, then she will either serve it a false magical fruit to agree with her conducts or transform herself into the looks of a person, who is the dearest to the soul, especially that of mother, and persuade it (the soul). By any means, she will bring the souls of the dead people to the netherworld. She is the consort of Thongalel, the God of the death and the ruler of the underworld. She is said to be created from the very body of Salailen Sidaba, the Supreme Being.
Related pages
Thongalel
Laikhurembi
References
Other websites
A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy
Meitei gods and goddesses
Leima
Gods and goddesses of the underworld
Knock it down!

Knock it down! is a 1991 Hungarian comedy movie directed by Peter Timar and starring Pap Vera, Sandor Gaspar, Karoly Eperjas, Eszenyi Eniko, Robert Koltai, Mari Torocsik, Jeno Kiss.
Other websites
1991 comedy movies
Hungarian movies
Movies directed by Peter Timar
Zinc finger

Zinc finger nucleases (or ZFN) was a tool used to target genes and change DNA. It was one of three methods of changing the genome with engineered nucleases. It is now superseded.
Zinc fingers are man-made molecules made of a protein and zinc. Each binds to a specific DNA. Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are enzymes got by fusing a zinc finger to a DNA cleavage enzyme called a Fokl. So the ZFN binds onto a specific DNA sequence, then snips it in two places. Regular cell enzymes stick the ends together, minus the bit snipped out (DNA repair).
Each ZFN is made to use on a single gene which is called a "target gene" or "target DNA". They can be designed to work on specific parts of genes to create a desired change. The two types of DNA changes are mutations such as deletions and insertions. Genetics research looks at the mutated subjects (animals, plants, bacteria) to find out what the particular gene does.
Zinc finger structure
'Zinc finger' is the name of many protein structures. The zinc atom binds the proteins and makes them more stable. ZFNs bind to DNA base pairs. One zinc finger can bind about 3 base pairs by itself.
ZFN function
Zinc finger nucleases are made with 3-6 zinc fingers. ZFNs have two important domains: a DNA-binding domain and a DNA-cleavage domain. The DNA-cleavage domain uses an enzyme called Fokl that breaks DNA.
ZFN's can only change DNA sequences they are designed for. The DNA-binding domain binds to a specific DNA sequence. Two ZFN's designed for the same DNA sequence are needed change one gene. The DNA-binding domains bind to both strands on the DNA double helix. DNA-cleaving domains break the DNA strand and cut the gene base pairs out. Cells fix broken DNA strands on their own using DNA repair. Deletion mutations result from missing base pairs after DNA repair.
The length of target gene sequence can also be specified. A minimum of 9 base pairs can be changed using 3 zinc fingers. This is useful for removing and inserting very short DNA sequences and determining their effect on the target gene. Also large sequences can be changed using more than one ZFN.
Use of ZFNs
ZFNs were used to discover gene functions in many genetics studies. ZFNs could be used to change DNA on any species. Another feature of ZFNs is that they can be used in vivo (in living organisms). They were used on model organisms: plants, insects, and fish.
Problems using ZFNs
The biggest issue with ZFNs was accidentally altering genes besides the target gene. A ZFN must be made to find the right base pairs on the target gene. These base pairs are chosen so only the target gene will have them. DNA-cleavage domains work on any DNA sequence so binding to a wrong gene sequence will change it instead. ZFNs that knock out base pairs for more than one gene are not considered accurate.
Superseded
ZFNs have now been superseded by techniques called CRISPR. Crisper techniques are easier to use, less costly and have a much wider range of uses.
References
Genetic engineering
Enzymes
Freak

"Freak" is a song by the Australian rock band Silverchair. It was released in January 1997 as a single, and was later released the next month on their second album, Freak Show. It reached number-one on the charts in Australia, becoming their second of three number-one singles there.
It was written by the group's lead singer and guitarist Daniel Johns, as well as the group's drummer, Ben Gillies.
1997 songs
FHM

FHM or For Him Magazine is an international monthly magazine. The magazine began publication in 1985 in the United Kingdom under the name For Him and changed its title to FHM in 1994, although the full For Him Magazine continues to be printed on the spine of each issue. Founded by Chris Astridge, the magazine was a predominantly fashion-based publication distributed through high street men's fashion outlets. Circulation expanded to newsagents as a quarterly by the spring of 1987. FHM was sold from EMAP to Bauer in December 2007.
References
Magazines of the United Kingdom
Inflorescence

An inflorescence is a flowering stem. The term is most used for a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem. An inflorescence is the reproductive portion of a plant; each plant bears its flowers in a specific pattern.
Whereas gymnosperms are mostly wind-pollinated, flowering plants are mostly pollinated by insects. There are some exceptions to this, for instance grasses are wind-pollinated. However, as a general rule, flowering plants rely on animals for their pollination.
Most flowers are pollinated by animals, usually insects. To be pollinated, a flower needs to be seen. Most insects have good colour vision, including vision in the ultra-violet (which humans do not have).
That is the reason many flowers have attractive colours.
Sometimes there is just a close bunch of flowers (e.g. Antirrhinum) on a spike. Sometimes the inflorescence is so tight it looks like one single flower. What you see as a single daisy is actually made of several hundred tiny flowers packed together. This kind of inflorescence is called a pseudanthium ("false flower").
Advantages
The advantages of the inflorescence mode is all about reproduction compared to a single primitive flower of the Magnolia type.
Numbers There may be dozens or even hundreds of flowers in an inflorescence, with many seeds or fruits for each flowering.
Pollination Increased pollination is an important bonus. Massing flowers together makes them more visible to pollinating insects and birds.
Seed or fruit dispersal Dispersal by wind or animals is improved by having the flowers at the top end of a stem.
Related pages
Multiple fruit
References
Wilhelm Troll: Die Infloreszenzen; Erster Band. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1964
Wilhelm Troll: Die Infloreszenzen; Zweiter Band, Erster Teil. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969
Plant anatomy
Flowers
Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fernando Fermi (September 29, 1901 -- November 28, 1954) was an Italian-American physicist who worked on the first nuclear reactor and helped make quantum theory. He also was important to particle physics, and statistical mechanics. Fermi won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1938 for his work on induced radioactivity. He built the world's first nuclear reactor. Fermi was one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century.
Early life
Fermi was born in Rome and went to a local grammar school. He was very good at maths and science and won a prize from Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa. He went to the University of Pisa where he studied physics. In 1923 he was given a scholarship from the Italian government and went to Gottingen for more study. He was given a Rockefeller scholarship in 1924 and studied in Leyden. He came back to Italy at the end of 1924 and became Lecturer in Mathematical Physics and Mechanics at the University of Florence.
Scientist in Italy
In 1926, Fermi discovered the statistical laws, now called Fermi statistics. These laws explain the actions of the particles which are subject to the Pauli exclusion principle, which are now called fermions. These are different to the particles called bosons which are explained by Bose-Einstein statistics. In 1927 he became Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Rome. He spent time studying electrodynamics, and began to closely look at the atomic nucleus. In 1934, using discoveries made by Wolfgang Pauli, Frederic Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie, he was able to show changes in almost every element bombarded with neutrons. This led to the discovery of slow neutrons, nuclear fission and making elements that were not in the Periodic Table.
Fermi expressed his concerns about the dangers of nuclear energy at one of the meetings of the University of Chicago before the end of the WWII.
References
1901 births
1954 deaths
Cancer deaths in Chicago
Burials at Oak Woods Cemetery
Deaths from stomach cancer
Italian scientists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American nuclear physicists
People from Rome
American theoretical physicists
Italian Nobel Prize winners
Three-Fifths Compromise

In 1787, the US constitutional convention looked at the problem of counting its population. The population of a state determines the influence a state can take in a presidential election. The convention also looked at the problem of counting slaves: If they were counted, the state would have more power in the election, the taxes the state would have to pay to the government would also be higher. The Three-Fifths Compromise was that three out of every five slaves would be counted, in other words, black slaves were counted as three fifths of a human being. The compromise of counting "all other persons" as only three-fifths of their actual numbers reduced the representation of the slave states relative to the original proposals, but improved it over the Northern position. An inducement for slave states to accept the Compromise was its tie to taxation in the same ratio, so that the burden of taxation on the slave states was also reduced.
A contentious issue at the 1787 Constitutional Convention was whether slaves would be counted as part of the population in determining representation of the states in the Congress or would instead be considered property and, as such, not be considered for purposes of representation. Delegates from states with a large population of slaves argued that slaves should be considered persons in determining representation, but as property if the new government were to levy taxes on the states on the basis of population. Delegates from states where slavery had become rare argued that slaves should be included in taxation, but not in determining representation.
The proposed ratio was, however, a ready solution to the problem that arose during the Constitutional Convention. In amending the Articles, the North wanted slaves to count for more than the South did because the objective was to determine taxes paid by the states to the federal government. In the Constitutional Convention, the more important issue was representation in Congress, so the South wanted slaves to count for more than the North did.
References
1787 in the United States
United States Constitution
Slavery in the United States
Venice Film Festival

The Venice Film Festival is a festival held in Venice, Italy. It is held every year. It is the world's oldest movie festival. It dates back to 1932.
1932 establishments in Europe
1930s establishments in Italy
Festivals in Italy
Movie festivals
Film Festival
Marfontaine

Marfontaine is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Suttons Bay Township, Michigan

Suttons Bay Township is a civil township and county seat of Leelanau County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,982 at the 2010 census.
References
County seats in Michigan
Townships in Michigan
Katsuo Kanda

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kanda was born in Niigata on June 21, 1966. After graduating from Tokyo University of Agriculture, he joined Japan Soccer League club NKK in 1989 and played as forward. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and the club joined new league, Japan Football League (JFL). However the club was disbanded in 1993. In 1994, he moved to JFL club Cerezo Osaka. He was converted to left side midfielder and side back. The club won the champions in 1994 and was promoted to J1 League. In 1998, he moved to Yokohama Marinos (later Yokohama F. Marinos). In 2000, he moved to his local club Albirex Niigata in J2 League. The club won the champions in 2003 and was promoted to J1 from 2004. However he retired end of the 2003 season.
In 1995, Kanda was called up by Shu Kamo to play for the Japan national team in a friendly match against Ecuador on May 28, which was his only cap.
Statistics
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="5"|NKK||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||14||0||||||2||0||16||0
|-
|1990/91||18||0||||||0||0||18||0
|-
|1991/92||JSL Division 2||29||6||||||2||1||31||7
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Football League||16||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||3
|-
|1993||10||8||1||0||colspan="2"|-||11||8
|-
|1994||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||Football League||30||5||5||0||1||0||36||5
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|J1 League||49||4||2||1||colspan="2"|-||51||5
|-
|1996||23||2||2||0||13||2||38||4
|-
|1997||28||1||2||0||0||0||30||1
|-
|1998||Yokohama Marinos||J1 League||19||0||1||0||3||0||23||0
|-
|1999||Yokohama F. Marinos||J1 League||11||0||0||0||1||0||12||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="4"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="4"|J2 League||32||3||3||0||2||0||37||3
|-
|2001||32||0||4||0||0||0||36||0
|-
|2002||33||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||34||2
|-
|2003||17||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
361||34||22||1||24||3||407||38
361||34||22||1||24||3||407||38
|}
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
References
Other websites
1966 births
Living people
Footballers from Niigata Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Soccer League players
NKK SC players
Cerezo Osaka players
Yokohama F. Marinos players
Albirex Niigata players
1913

1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and a common year starting on a Tuesday in the 13-day slower Julian calendar. It was the 913th year of the 2nd Millennium, 13th year of the 20th Century and the 4th year of the 1910s decade.
Events
First and Second Balkan Wars
Mexican Revolution
March 4 - Woodrow Wilson becomes the 28th President of the United States, succeeding William Howard Taft.
March 12 - Building work begins on the new capital city of Canberra in Australia.
May 29 - Rite of Spring performance in Paris.
July 10 - A temperature of is recorded in Death Valley, California.
October 14 - The Senghenydd colliery disaster in Wales kills 439 people, in the United Kingdom's deadliest mining tragedy.
November 7 to November 11 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills over 250 people. Nineteen ships are lost.
December 12 - The Mona Lisa is recovered in Florence.
George Herriman's comic strip Krazy Kat is launched in American newspapers
Births
January
January 9 - Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (d. 1994)
January 10 - Gustav Husak, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (d. 1991)
February
February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
March
March 18 - Rene Clement, French movie director (d. 1996)
March 26 - Paul Erdos, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
April
May
May 19 - Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, President of India (d. 1996)
June
July
July 14 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
August
August 26 - Boris Pahor, Slovenian-Italian writer and Holocaust survivor (d. 2022)
September
September 23 - Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish artist (d. 2007)
October
November
November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer (d. 1960)
December
Deaths
March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American anti-slavery activist (b. 1820)
March 31 - J.P. Morgan, American businessperson (banking) (b. 1837)
April 15 - Gabdulla Tukay, Tatar poet (b. 1886)
September 30 - Rudolf Diesel, German engineer, invented the Diesel engine (b. 1858)
Nobel Prizes
Physiology or Medicine - Charles Robert Richet (French physiologist)
Physics - Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (Netherlands)
Chemistry - Alfred Werner (Switzerland)
Literature - Rabindranath Tagore (India, then-British India)
Peace - Henri La Fontaine (Belgium)
References
Lee County, Iowa

Lee County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. It was founded in 1838. In the 2020 census, 33,555 people lived there. Its county seats are Fort Madison and Keokuk. It has 539 square miles (1,400 km2) of land.
References
1836 establishments in Wisconsin Territory
Iowa counties
My Magazine

The Children's Magazine was the first magazine for children published in the United States. Its run was brief, however; it only appeared between January and April 1789. Contents included pieces on school subjects (like geography), verses, and articles on social values.
Lack of contributions from competent writers forced the editor to republish material from The Juvenile Magazine, a monthly London magazine of 1788. The Children's Magazine folded after four issues, probably in part because the United States postal system in 1789 was not up to handling the distribution of magazines.
The Children's Magazine was published in Hartford, Connecticut and printed by Hudson & Goodwin. A notice in Hartford's Connecticut Courant on February 2, 1789 alerted readers to its publication and intent:Calculated for the Use of Families and Schools ... Each Number of this work will contain 48 Pages, duodecimo, printed on good paper and letter, and will be sold at Four Shillings and Six-Pence a dozen, or Six Pence a single number. This work is designed to furnish Children, from seven to twelve years of age, with a variety of lessons on various subjects, written in a plain, familiar style, and proper to lead them from the easy language of Spelling-Books up to the more difficult style of the best writers. Teachers of Schools have long complained of the want of such a work, and the Publishers are happy that they are now enabled to furnish it at a small expence.
References
American children's magazines
American monthly magazines
Defunct magazines of the United States
Batman & Robin

Batman & Robin is a 1997 American action-adventure movie directed by Joel Schumacher. It is based on the comic book character created by Bob Kane. It stars George Clooney as Batman, Chris O'Donnell as Robin, Alicia Silverstone as Batgirl, Arnold Schwarzenegger as Mr. Freeze, and Uma Thurman as Poison Ivy. The movie is about Batman and Robin trying to prevent Mr. Freeze, Poison Ivy, and Bane from covering Gotham City with ice and vegetation while at the same time struggling to keep their partnership together. It grossed over $230 million in the box office. It got mixed reviews from the critics. It was criticized for its gay innuendo.
Plot Summary
Dr Pamela Isley was a scientist working in South America until her superior Dr Jason Goodhue tried to kill when she found out he was trying to use her experiments to make a super race of thugs {BAne] Instead of being killed she was trasformed into a half Human-half plant mutant calling her self "Poison Ivy". She embarks on a crime wave until she is imprisoned at Gotham Arkham Asylum, where she meets "Mr Freeze" a former physician who in trying to cure his cryogenically frozen thermally ill wife was accidently submerged into a freezing solution in which he can only exist in subzero temperatures. They Both escape from the asylum Freeze to turn the entire world into a ice planet...while "Poison Ivy" tries to make plant life supreme species. Ivy tries to kill Mrs Fries and then Robin but fails both times and is captured by Batgirl; Mr Freeze finds that his wife is still alive and gives Batman a cure Alfred the Butler who has been stricken with a deadly illness. Back at Arkham Asylum the nearly totally insane Poison IVy is imprisoned in a permanent Freeze beam; her roommate Mr Freeze tells her that he is going to make her life "A living hell" of permanent Winter in revenge for what she did to his wife,
References
1997 movies
1990s superhero movies
Batman movies
Batman (1989 movie series)
English-language movies
Movies based on comic book characters
Screenplays by Akiva Goldsman
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Joel Schumacher
American superhero movies