pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bulgaria at the Olympics

Bulgaria was first at the Olympic Games at the very first Games in 1896.
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Bulgaria is BUL.
History
The Bulgarian Olympic Committee was formed in 1923. They first sent a team to the Summer Olympic Games in 1924. The nation has been in every Summer Games since except for 1932 (during the Great Depression), 1948 (after World War II), and 1984. Bulgaria was first in the Winter Olympic Games in 1936, and has been in every Winter Games since then.
Bulgarian athletes have won a total of 218 medals, with wrestling and weightlifting the most.
Medal tables
Medals by Summer Games
Medals by Winter Games
Medals by sport
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
References
Other websites
Bulgaria profile at London2012.com
Bulgaria at Olympics.org
Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Bulgaria
Emergencies Act

The Emergencies Act () is a law passed by the Parliament of Canada in 1988. It allows the federal government to use extreme short-time actions to respond to public welfare emergencies, public order emergencies, international emergencies and war emergencies. The law repeals the War Measures Act passed in 1914.
The Emergencies Act has been used only once since it was passed in 1988, in response to the Canadian convoy protests in 2022.
Six of the 10 provincial premiers urged Trudeau not to implement the Emergencies Act. But on Monday, February 14, 2022, Trudeau declared a state of emergency in Canada anyway.
The Emergencies Act is effective immediately, but must be tabled in Parliament within 7, and will be in place for 30 days.
On Monday (21.02.2022), the Emergencies Act passed a vital vote in the House of Commons thanks to the support of Jagmeet Singh/NDP (185 voted in favour, 151 against).
References
Other websites
Department of Justice Canada / Emergencies Act Justice Laws Website
Infographic - The Emergencies Act in Canada Department of Justice Canada
1988 establishments in Canada
Canadian legislation
Survivor (Israeli TV series)

Survivor (, Hisardut), formerly known as Survivor 10, is an Israeli reality competition game show. It is based on the popular international Survivor television franchise. The series began in December 2007. It aired on Israel's Channel 10 for six seasons. After legal issues between Channel 10 and Castaway Television, the series went on a three-year hiatus. In 2015 the series returned for a seventh season on Channel 2 and Reshet. The show is hosted by actor and singer Guy Zu-Aretz.
Following the basic premise of other international versions of the franchise, it features a group of contestants who are marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants, until only one remains and is given the title of "The Last Survivor" and is awarded the grand prize of 1 million NIS.
Mass media in Israel
Television game shows
Reality television series
2007 television series debuts
Lower house

A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature. The other chamber is called the upper house.
Although it is called the "lower" house, in many legislatures in the world it actually has more power than the "upper" house.
Lower Houses in the World
France: the National Assembly
Pakistan: the National Assembly
United Kingdom: the House of Commons
United States of America: the United States House of Representatives
Legislatures
Whats Poppin

"Whats Poppin" is the first single off of American rapper Jack Harlow's debut studio album Thats What They All Say. The song was released on January 21, 2020. The song was nominated for Best Rap Song at the 63rd Grammy Awards but lost to Megan Thee Stallion's Savage.
On November 4, 2021, a music video for the song was released. The music video was directed by Cole Bennett and uploaded on his Lyrical Lemonade channel. It features Harlow rapping in and outside of a diner.
On June 24, 2020, an official remix was released. It featured Canadian rapper Tory Lanez and American rapper Lil Wayne and DaBaby.
References
Other websites
"Whats Poppin" on YouTube
2020 songs
Jack Harlow songs
Benue State

Benue is one of the 36 states of Nigeria. The capital is Makurdi.
States of Nigeria
Lucille Starr

Lucille Starr (May 13, 1938 - September 4, 2020) was a Canadian country singer-songwriter, and yodeler. She was best known for her 1964 hit single, "Quand Le Soleil Dit Bonjour Aux Montagnes" ("The French Song").
Starr died in Las Vegas, Nevada on September 4, 2020 at the age of 82.
References
1938 births
2020 deaths
Canadian musicians
Canadian singer-songwriters
Entertainers from Manitoba
Oregon Concordia University

Oregon Concordia University is a private, non-profit Lutheran university in Portland, Oregon in the United States. It was established in 1905.
The university has announced it will close after the 2020 spring semester. It is the third private college to close in the Portland-area since 2018.
References
20th-century establishments in Oregon
1905 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in Oregon
Christian colleges and universities in the United States
Portland, Oregon
Acacia cyclops

The red-eyed wattle or western coastal wattle (Acacia cyclops) is an Australian tree. It is in the plant family Fabaceae. It is one of nearly 1000 species of Acacia in Australia. It is found along the west coast of Western Australia as far north as Jurien Bay, and along the south coast into South Australia.
Almost all wattles have cream to golden colored flowers. The small flowers are arranged in round groups. Only the male part of the flower sticks out.
Red-eyed wattle can be used to help stabilise coastal sands. It was introduced into Africa for this purpose, but it has spread fast and is now a serious pest in South Africa, where it is known as 'rooikrans' (= 'red garland' in Afrikaans).
The green seed pods may be used as a natural soap, by crushing them and using the pods with water to wash with.
Mimosoideae
Becket

Becket or The Honour of God () is a 1959 play written in French by Jean Anouilh. It is about the fight between Thomas Becket and King Henry II of England leading to Becket's assassination in 1170. It is known for having many incorrect historical facts, something which Anoulih said.
The play was first performed in the original French at the Theatre Montparnasse-Gaston Baty in Paris on 8 October 1959 and in an English version on Broadway in 1960.
References
French plays
Plays based on British history
20th-century plays
Hamid Reza Azarang

Hamid Reza Azarang or Hamid-Reza Azarang (, born May 23, 1972 Tehran) is an Iranian actor, director and screenwriter.
References
Other websites
Iranian actors
1972 births
Living people
Iranian screenwriters
Japanese striped snake

The Japanese striped snake is a species of snake endemic to Japan.
Appearance
They are about 80~150 cm. Sometimes there are black types but usually they are light yellow. Their scales are not so big so they can't swallow big animals.
Living areas
They live in almost all areas of Japan (Hokkaido, Honsyuu, Shikoku, Kyuusyu, Osumi islands).
Food and Water
They mainly eat rats, birds, lizards, frogs, and snakes. They like reptiles and amphibians. They sometimes prey on one another.They drink water from their mouths.
Reproduction
They lay 4~16 eggs from July to August. Hatching period is 40~50 days.The eggs are usually under the soil,a gap in the stone wall, or under the fallen leaves.
Threats
Decreasing of Paddy field,forest, and Grassland as their habitat.
Relationship with humans
They are often seen in the rural area.They move on the ground so they are often run over by the car.
Color mutation often happens with them, so people sometimes have them as a pet.
References
Colubrids
Animals of Japan
Snakes of Asia
Saxony

Saxony ( ; ), officially the Free State of Saxony (German: , Upper Sorbian: ), is one of 16 states of Germany. It is in the southeast of the country, north of Czech Republic. To the east of Saxony is Poland. The biggest city is Leipzig. The capital is called Dresden. It was founded in 1990.
Geography
Saxony is the border of Germany to the two countries Poland and Czech Republic. In the north of Saxony is Brandenburg, another German state. Saxony's west border is to Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Bavaria. A big part of the border to the Czech Republic are the Ore Mountains in the south of Saxony.
Cities and towns
Districts
Saxony is divided into 3 administrative districts (Chemnitz, Dresden and Leipzig). These are subdivided into 10 districts:
(The car licence plate of the areas are in brackets)
Urban districts
Saxony has three urban districts which do not belong to the rural districts.
Chemnitz (C)
Dresden (DD)
Leipzig (L)
History
The first Free State of Saxony was founded in 1918, after the first World War. After the second World War, in 1945, the "country of Saxony" was founded. Later the Country was divided into 3 administrative divisions of the German Democratic Republic, and thus robbed of its sovereignty.
In 1990 the Free State of Saxony was officially re-founded as a part of Germany.
Population development
The number of people in Saxony since 1905:
Other websites
Official governmental portal
Nature of Saxony
Facts about Saxony (Statistisches Landesamt)
Christmas time in Saxony
some facts about Saxony
References
1990 establishments in Germany
VSS Vintorez

The VSS, also called the Vintorez, is a sniper rifle featuring a built-in suppressor (similar to that of the AS-Val) the weapon is loaded with heavy subsonic 9x39mm SP5 cartridges and armor-piercing SP6 cartridges. It was manufactured (created) by the Soviet company TsNIITochMash during the late 1980s. It is issued primarily to Spetsnaz units for secretive operations, a role made evident by its ability to be broken down for transport in a specially fitted case.
Design
The way the gun operates and the silencer system used on the VSS are based from the AS assault rifle. The VSS is a gas-operated select-fire rifle. It has a long-stroke gas piston operating rod in a gas cylinder above the barrel. The weapon catch is held in its place thanks to a rotating bolt who attach themselves to the appropriate socket when needed. The VSS is striker fired. It features a cross-bolt type fire selector switch located behind the trigger, inside the trigger guard; the safety lever and the charging handle resemble those used in Kalashnikov weapons.
The skeletonized wooden stock is a more rounded version of that provided on the SVD rifle; it has a rubber shoulder pad and can be removed when the rifle is dismantled for compact storage. The forward handguard is made from a high-impact polymer. If needed, the weapon can be used in fully automatic mode using either its original 10-round magazine or the 20-round magazines from the AS rifle.
Rifles
Soviet Union
Russia
Haag in Oberbayern

Haag in Oberbayern is a municipality in Muhldorf in Bavaria in Germany.
Geography
Haag is about 50 km east of Munich, 15 km south of Dorfen, 21 km west of Waldkraiburg, 14 km north of Wasserburg am Inn, and 32 km from the county seat in Muhldorf. Via the Bundesstrasse 15 the distance to Landshut is 48 km. Rosenheim is 38 km away.
References
Muhldorf (district)
Even the Losers

"Even the Losers" is a 1980 song by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and is the third track from their third studio album Damn the Torpedoes. It also appeared on their 1993 album Greatest Hits. The song was not released as a single except in Australia.
References
1980 songs
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers songs
Ryan Adams songs
Pop rock songs
Kurdish massacres

The Kurdish massacres (Kurdish: Komkujiyen Kurdan; Turkish: Kurt isyanlari lit. "Kurdish rebellions"), including the Zilan and Dersim massacres, were massacres perpetrated by the Republic of Turkey against the Kurds.
References
Sources
Massacres
Programmer

A computer programmer is a person who makes computer programs using a programming language. Programmers are also called software developers, coders.
A programmer's main jobs are writing program source code, testing if it works, and debugging (fixing) the program if there are problems. Programmers often use software tools such as text editors and IDEs (Integrated Development Environments) to help them work.
Computer programming is a profession that can be done from a computer anywhere in the world. This is called telecommuting - doing work on the Internet instead of in an office.
Some programmers are famous because their software is used by many people. One example is Linus Torvalds, who created an important part of the Linux operating system.
Programming can be done in many different languages and can look very different but do the same thing. An example of this is the Hello world program.
Related pages
Software engineering
Computer science
Occupations
Black feminism

Black feminism is a type of feminism. Black feminists believe that sexism and racism are bound together. This is called intersectionality.
Black feminism exists because the racism that black women experience is not adequately addressed by the mainstream feminist movement, which is led by white middle-class women. In 1973 the National Black Feminist Organization was started.
Alice Walker was the first person to use the word womanism in 1979. Womanism is a black feminist theory. Patricia Hill Collins's 1991 book Black Feminist Thought is one of the most well-known books about black feminism.
African-American history
Feminism
Save a Prayer

"Save a Prayer" is the sixth single by English new wave band Duran Duran. It is from their second studio album Rio. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. A live version was released in 1984 from their live album Arena. It was covered in 2015 by Eagles of Death Metal.
References
1982 songs
1980s ballads
Duran Duran songs
Toto IV

Toto IV is the fourth studio album by American rock band Toto and was released on March 26, 1982 through Columbia Records. It topped the album charts in Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. It went to the top 10 in Japan, New Zealand, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States. It won for 2 Grammy Awards in 1983.
Track listing
References
1982 albums
Toto (band) albums
Irkutsk

Irkutsk is a city in Russia and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast. It was founded in 1661. It is named after the Irkut River. It is one of the largest cities in Siberia.
References
1661 establishments
Cities and towns in Irkutsk Oblast
Capitals of oblasts of Russia
Shumen

Shumen (, also romanized as Shoumen or Sumen) is a city in eastern Bulgaria and is the capital of Shumen Province. In 2018, 75,550 people lived there.
From 1950 to 1965, the city was called Kolarovgrad.
Cities in Bulgaria
Tammela, Finland

Tammela is a municipality in Kanta-Hame, Finland. The municipalities next to it are Forssa, Hameenlinna, Jokioinen, Karkkila, Lohja, Loppi, Somero and Urjala.
Nature
Torronsuo National Park and Liesjarvi National Park are both located in Tammela.
Population growth
References
Other websites
Tammela pages
Municipalities of Kanta-Hame
Michigan Territory

Michigan Territory was a territory of the United States in the early 19th century, between June 30, 1805 and January 26, 1837, when it became Michigan, the 26th state of the Union. Detroit was the territory's capital.
History
The Treaty of Detroit was signed on November 17, 1807 between William Hurt and American Indians from the Odawa, Ojibwe, Potawatomi, and Wyandot people. Those Indian tribes agreed to give the United States the area of Southeast Michigan and a part of Ohio near the Maumee River. The Indians were allowed to own small amounts of land in the area. This helped expand the territory.
Population
These numbers do not count most Native Americans. In 1800, the whole of the Northwest Territory had 43,365 people living in it. Under the Northwest Ordinance, a territory could apply to become a state once it had 60,000 people living in it.
Governors
References
Other websites
An act to divide Indiana Territory (the law which created the Michigan Territory)
History of Michigan
1805 establishments in the United States
1837 disestablishments
19th-century disestablishments in the United States
Former territories of the United States
Mateo Alemán

Mateo Aleman y de Enero (Seville, Spain, 1547 - 1615? in Mexico) was a Spanish writer.
He graduated at Seville University in 1564 and later studied at Salamanca and Alcala. From 1571 to 1588 held a post in the treasury. He was descended from Jews who were made to converted to Catholicism after 1492. One of his forebears had been burned by the Inquisition for secretly continuing to practice Judaism. In 1599, he published the first part of Guzman de Alfarache. It was a well liked book which was printed in at least sixteen editions in five years.
In 1571 he married Catalina de Espinosa. It was not a happy marriage. He was constantly in money difficulties and was imprisoned for debt at Seville at the end of 1602.
In 1608, Aleman moved to America. It is said that he worked as a printer in Mexico. His Ortografia castellana (1609), published in Mexico, contains ideas for the reform of Spanish spelling. Nothing is known of Aleman after 1609, but it is sometimes believed that he was still living in 1617.
References
Spanish writers
1547 births
1610s deaths
Goma

Goma is a city in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is the capital of the North Kivu province.
It is located on the northern shore of Lake Kivu, next to the Rwandan city of Gisenyi.
References
Settlements in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cities in Africa
Elio Pandolfi

Elio Pandolfi (17 June 1926 - 11 October 2021) was an Italian actor and radio personality.
His best known roles were in In Olden Days (1951), Toto lascia o raddoppia? (1956), Son of the Red Corsair (1959), Tough Guys (1960), Obiettivo ragazze (1963), The Magnificent Adventurer (1964), For a Few Dollars Less (1966), The Most Beautiful Couple in the World (1968), Rugantino (1973) and Too Much Romance... It's Time for Stuffed Peppers (2004).
Pandolfi died on 11 October 2021 in Rome at the age of 95.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2021 deaths
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian stage actors
Italian voice actors
Italian radio personalities
Actors from Rome
Inauguration of Benjamin Harrison

The inauguration of Benjamin Harrison as the 23rd president of the United States happened on March 4, 1889. It was the start of the only term of Benjamin Harrison as president and Levi P. Morton as vice president.
A public ceremony happened on the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. The event was the 26th presidential inauguration. Chief Justice Melville Fuller administered the oath of office to Harrison. John James Ingalls administered the vice presidential oath of office to Morton.
The inauguration happened during a rainstorm in Washington D.C. Harrison's speech was short, and he spoke about the growth of the United States due to education and religion. He also told the states that harvested cotton and did mining to use the industrial technology the eastern part of the United States had. Harrison also talked about the territories to become US states, and for a raise in pension for veterans. He also talked about the Monroe Doctrine, as well as wanting a better and more modern Navy.
John Philip Sousa's band played at the Inaugural Ball. After the inauguration, Harrison stated his desire for an office separate from the White House, saying "There is only a door - one that is never locked - between the president's office and what are not very accurately called his private apartments. There should be an executive office building, not too far away, but wholly distinct from the dwelling house. For everyone else in the public service there is an unroofed space between the bedroom and the desk."
References
Other websites
Text of Benjamin Harrison's Inaugural Address
1889 in the United States
Harrison, Benjamin
Benjamin Harrison
Brookings, Oregon

Brookings is a city in Curry County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,336.
References
Cities in Oregon
Petar Skansi

Petar Skansi (23 November 1943 - 4 April 2022) was a Croatian professional basketball player and coach. During his playing career, he played for Jugoplastika and Maxmobili Pesaro. He was a member of the senior Yugoslavia national team squad that won the silver medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Skansi was born in Sumartin, Croatia, Italy.
Skansi died on 4 April 2022 at the age of 78.
References
1943 births
2022 deaths
Croatian sportspeople
Yugoslavian basketball players
Yugoslavian Olympic silver medalists
Pär Zetterberg

Par Zetterberg (born 14 October 1970) is a former Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1990/91||Anderlecht||First Division||2||0
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Charleroi||rowspan="2"|First Division||29||5
|-
|1992/93||33||6
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="7"|Anderlecht||rowspan="7"|First Division||22||3
|-
|1994/95||24||3
|-
|1995/96||33||5
|-
|1996/97||32||12
|-
|1997/98||25||7
|-
|1998/99||24||7
|-
|1999/00||33||12
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Olympiacos||rowspan="3"|Alpha Ethniki||22||4
|-
|2001/02||15||0
|-
|2002/03||24||3
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Anderlecht||rowspan="3"|First Division||30||7
|-
|2004/05||29||8
|-
|2005/06||30||8
346||83
61||7
407||90
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1993||6||1
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||3||0
|-
|1996||8||0
|-
|1997||9||5
|-
|1998||3||0
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
!Total||30||6
|}
References
1970 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Robert Neild

Robert Ralph Neild (10 September 1924 - 18 December 2018) was an British economist. He was born in Hertfordshire, England. He was Professor of Economics at Cambridge University.
He was Deputy Director of the National Institute for Economic and Social Research, he was in 1966 appointed as founding Director (with Alva Myrdal and then Gunnar Myrdal as chairman) of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). He also wrote Public Corruption: The Dark Side of Social Evolution (Anthem Press).
He died on 18 December 2018 at the age of 94.
References
1924 births
2018 deaths
British economists
Writers from Hertfordshire
Avenay

Avenay is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Escape to Victory

Escape to Victory, also known as Victory, is a 1981 British American Italian World War II action movie directed by John Huston and was based on the 1961 Hungarian movie Two Half Times in Hell. It stars Sylvester Stallone, Michael Caine, Pele, Bobby Moore, Osvaldo Ardiles, Max von Sydow, Kevin O'Callaghan, Soren Lindsted, Clive Merrison, Michael Cochrane, Zoltan Gera, Tim Pigott-Smith, Maurice Roeves and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
1981 action movies
1980s war movies
British action movies
British war movies
American action movies
American war movies
Italian action movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by John Huston
Paramount Pictures movies
Claudio Pafundi

Claudio Pafundi is an archer from Argentina. Pafundi competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 31 January 1962.
References
Other websites
1962 births
Living people
Archers
Argentine Olympians
Deer Park, Illinois

Deer Park is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Kelly Reilly

Jessica Kelly Siobhan Reilly (born 18 July 1977) is an English actress. She is known for her roles in Eden Lake, Sherlock Holmes, After Miss Julie, Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, and Flight.
Reilly was born on 18 July 1977 in Surrey, England. She has been married to Kyle Baughner since 2012.
References
Other websites
1977 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
Actors from Surrey
Théodore Chassériau

Theodore Chasseriau (September 20, 1819 - October 8, 1856) was a French romantic painter noted for his portraits, historical and religious paintings, and images inspired by his travels to Algeria.
Life and work
Chasseriau was born in El Limon, Samana, in Saint Domingue (now the Dominican Republic). Her mother, Maria Magdalena Couret de la Blagniere, was born in Haiti but she moved with her parents to Santo Domingo when the Haitian revolution. At that time, the eastern part of Hispaniola was a French colony. There she met Benoit Chasseriau and soon they got married and moved to Samana.
When the eastern part of the Hispaniola became again a colony of Spain, the family moved to Venezuela and Jamaica. Then, in 1821, the family went to live in Paris, France. Theodore was three years old at that time.
In 1830, at the age of eleven, he started to study with Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, and soon he became the favorite pupil of the great classicist.
After Ingres left Paris in 1834 to become director of the French Academy in Rome, Chasseriau fell under the influence of Eugene Delacroix, a well-known romantic painter. From that moment on, Chasseriau tried to combine the two styles.
His works could be grouped in two periods:
The classical period, with works like
Portrait of Adele Chasseriau (1836)
Christ on the Mount of Olives (1839)
The Two Sisters (1843)
The romantic period, with works like
Arab Chiefs Visiting Their Vassals (1849)
Jewish Women on a Balcony (1849)
The Tepidarium (1853)
Chasseriau died when he was 37 years old in Paris, on October 8, 1856.
Other websites
Theodore Chasseriau exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
References
1819 births
1856 deaths
French painters
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery, Paris
Ricardinho (footballer, born May 1984)

Jose Ricardo dos Santos Oliveira (born 19 May 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Botafogo-SP.
References
1984 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Paraiba
United States Deputy Attorney General

The United States Deputy Attorney General is the second highest ranking official in the United States Department of Justice. The Deputy Attorney General manages the day-to-day activities of the Department of Justice. It may act as Attorney General during the absence of the Attorney General. President of the United States appoints the Deputy Attorney General with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The Office of the Deputy Attorney General was created in 1950.
References
1950 establishments in the United States
Kazakh Americans

Kazakh Americans are Americans of full or partial Kazakh ancestry. Although in the 1960s the population of Kazakh origin in United States was estimated in 3,000 people, the Census 2000 puts the population size in less of 300 people. According to the American Community Survey in 2010-2012 there were more than 23,000 people born in Kazakhstan, but not all of them are of Kazakh ethnicity.
References
Ethnic groups in the United States
Bronze Medal of Military Valor

The Bronze Medal of Military Valor () is an Italian medal awarded by the King of Italy.
During World War I, the medal was awarded to military personnel for exceptional valor in combat. For each subsequent act of valor, the recipient was awarded a bar in the corresponding class. As the Gold medal and the Silver Medal, after the World War II, the Bronze Medal was gave to the cities that fought against the nazism and the fascism during the war.
Related pages
Gold Medal of Military Valor
Silver Medal of Military Valor
Military honors
Military of Italy
Fearless (Taylor Swift album)

Fearless is the sophmore album released by singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.
Taylor Swift
MC Lyte

MC Lyte (born Lana Michelle Moorer; October 11 1970) is an American rap musician. She first became famous in the late 1980s by being the first solo female rap recording artist to release a whole record, starting with 1988's critically acclaimed Lyte as a Rock. She has carried many hit singles over the years. She was born near Brooklyn, New York.
Singers from New York (state)
American rappers
1970 births
Living people
Eppishausen

Eppishausen is a municipality in Unterallgau in Swabia in Bavaria, Germany. It has a municipal association with Kirchheim in Schwaben.
Localities
Aufhof
Konghausen
References
Unterallgau
Mayes County, Oklahoma

Mayes County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 38,369 people lived there. Its county seat is Pryor, also known as Pryor Creek.
Bordering counties
Craig County (north)
Delaware County (east)
Cherokee County (southeast)
Wagoner County (south)
Rogers County (west)
Cities and towns
NRHP Sites
The following sites in Mayes County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:
Cabin Creek Battlefield, Pensacola
Farmers and Merchants Bank, Chouteau
Lewis Ross/Cherokee Orphan Asylum Springhouse, Salina
Pensacola Dam, Langley
Territorial Commercial District, Chouteau
Union Mission Site, Mazie
Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Categoría Primera A

The Categoria Primera A is a Colombian professional league for football clubs. It is the highest division in the Colombian football league system. The league was founded in 1948.
Format
The league has 20 teams. The teams play through the Apertura and Finalizacion tournaments each year. Both tournaments are conducted according to an identical three-stage format.
The first stage is in round-robin format, with each team playing the other teams once for a total of 19 matches. The top eight teams then advance to a knockout round consisting of two groups, each team playing six times in a round-robin format. The two leaders of each group go to the final, which is played in a home and away leg system. The winner of the final is the champion. At the end of the Finalizacion tournament, a supercup is played between the winner of the Apertura tournament and the Finalizacion tournament. The winner of the supercup would be the grand champion.
Teams
Football in Colombia
Mike Tomlak

Michael Richard Tomlak (born October 17, 1964 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a former professional ice hockey centre who played four seasons for the Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League.
Tomlak was drafted 208th overall by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1983 NHL Entry Draft. He played 141 career NHL games, scoring 15 goals and 22 assists for 37 points.
Other websites
1964 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Springfield Indians players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945-2001) players
Ontario Hockey League players
Beaver, Oklahoma

Beaver is a city in Oklahoma in the United States. It is the county seat of Beaver County. In 2015, around 1,454 people lived in Beaver.
References
Other websites
Official website
County seats in Oklahoma
Cities in Oklahoma
Il Canzoniere

Il Canzoniere is a collection of 365 poems. It was written by the Italian poet Petrarch between 1336 and 1373.
Its central theme is the poet's love for Laura, a woman Petrarch allegedly met on April 6, 1327, in the Church of Sainte Claire in Avignon
Other websites
Il Canzoniere online
Il Canzoniere text
Canzoniere (different edition) and other works
Petrarch and Laura Multi-lingual site
14th-century books
Poetry books
Thomas Kuhn

Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18, 1922 - 17 June, 1996) was a Jewish-American physicist, and historian and philosopher of science. He introduced the idea of paradigm shift. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and died from lung cancer in Cambridge, Massachusetts, aged 73.
Related pages
Incommensurability
Other websites
Thomas Kuhn Online (News, Philosophy, Biography, Bibliography)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1922 births
1996 deaths
20th-century American philosophers
American historians
American physicists
Cancer deaths in Massachusetts
Deaths from lung cancer
Harvard University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish philosophers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Princeton University faculty
Scientists from Cincinnati
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Educators from Cincinnati
Concealed weapon

A concealed weapon is a dangerous weapon that is carried by a person and is hidden from view. It can also be a dangerous weapon under a person's control that is not readily visible. The term is most often applied to handguns. A dangerous weapon is any weapon that can inflict death or serious injury on another person. Various jurisdictions define what a dangerous weapon is. Carrying a concealed weapon is illegal as defined by laws of many states, provinces, and countries. The usual exceptions are law enforcement officers and members of the military who carry weapons as part of their jobs. Many jurisdictions may issue concealed weapons permits (also called concealed carry permits) giving individuals permission to carry a concealed weapon within their jurisdiction.
Concealed weapon laws
Carrying a concealed weapon (CCW) is the practice of carrying a handgun out of sight, hidden somewhere on a person's body. CCW is regulated by the states in the US. The laws vary, sometimes considerably, from state to state. As of 2015, most states grant licenses to carry handguns on a "Shall-Issue" basis to qualified applicants. Shall-Issue means the jurisdiction issuing the license must issue the license to anyone who is not otherwise prevented from owning a firearm. "May-Issue" allows the jurisdiction to decide on a case-by-case basis who may be issued a license. A few states are may-issue states, while seven states allow the carrying of firearms in a concealed manner without a permit (called Constitutional-carry).
Global gun laws
Gun laws vary considerably around the world. The larger majority of countries heavily restrict or do not allow citizens to carry firearms.
United States and Canada
Penalties for carrying a concealed weapon in the US without a permit can vary by jurisdiction. In some cases it is a misdemeanor but more often it is considered a felony. In Canada CCW is illegal but permitted under rare circumstances.
Mexico
In Mexico civilians cannot own guns since it has been illegal since 1968. However, most Mexicans own guns, even fully automatic weapons. In South Africa there are about 6 million licensed handgun owners. There is also a very large backlog of those applying for a license. Illegal guns can be easily bought off the streets. About 2,000 guns are stolen per month from licensed owners making it the largest source of illegal guns.
References
Weapons
Hyades (star cluster)

The Hyades (also known as Melotte 25 or Collinder 50) is the nearest open star cluster to the Solar System and one of the best-studied of all star clusters.
The Hipparcos satellite, the Hubble Space Telescope, and infrared color-magnitude diagram fitting agree a distance of ~153 ly (47 pc) to the cluster centre. The distances given by these three independent methods make the Hyades an important rung on the cosmic distance ladder.
The cluster consists of a roughly spherical group of hundreds of stars sharing the same age, place of origin, chemical content, and motion through space. From the perspective of observers on Earth, the Hyades cluster is in the constellation Taurus, where its brightest stars form a "V" shape with the even brighter red giant Aldebaran. Aldebaran is completely unrelated to the Hyades, because it is much closer to Earth (hence its apparent brightness) and just happens to lie along the same line of sight.
The four brightest member stars of the Hyades are all red giants that began life as A-type stars and have now evolved off the main sequence. All are within a few light years of each other. Their Bayer designations are Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, and Theta Tauri. They form a pattern which was identified as the head of Taurus the Bull. Epsilon Tauri, also known as Ain (the "Bull's Eye"), harbours at least one gas giant planet.
The age of the Hyades is about 625 million years. The cluster core, where stars are most densely packed, has a radius of 2.7 parsecs (corresponding to a diameter of 17.6 light years), and the cluster's tidal radius is 10 parsecs (corresponding to a diameter of 65 light years). About one-third of confirmed member stars have been observed well outside this boundary, in the cluster's extended halo. These stars are probably in the process of escaping from its gravitational influence.
References
Open star clusters
Chaïm Soutine

Chaim Soutine (13 January 1893 - 9 August 1943) was a Belarusian expressionist painter.
Belarusian Jews
Painters from Europe
1893 births
1943 deaths
Rain shadow

A rain shadow is an area of land that lies behind a mountain which gets almost no rainfall. This side of a mountainous area is away from the wind. The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems and cast a "shadow" of dryness behind them.
As shown by the diagram to the right, the incoming warm and moist air is drawn by the prevailing winds towards the top of the mountains. As it does so, it cools and condenses, and relief rainfall removes the moisture before it crosses the top. The air, without much moisture left, goes on over the mountains creating a dry side called the "rain shadow".
Meteorology
Mountains
Paul Löbe

Paul Lobe (14 December 1875 - 3 August 1967) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), who served as President of the Reichstag.
1875 births
1967 deaths
Politicians of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Weimar Republic politicians
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Members of the German Bundestag
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Prussian politicians
Bruyères-sur-Fère

Bruyeres-sur-Fere is a commune. It is in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Fuchsmühl

Fuchsmuhl is a municipality in Tirschenreuth in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Tirschenreuth (district)
Maureen Dowd

Maureen Dowd (born January 14, 1952) is an American columnist for The New York Times. She is also a best-selling author. She worked for Time magazine in the 1970s and 1980s. She worked for the Washington Star. She first joined The New York Times in 1983.
In 1999, Dowd received a Pulitzer Prize. It was for her series of columns on the Monica Lewinsky scandal in the Clinton administration.
She was born in Washington, D.C..
References
American journalists
1952 births
Living people
Pulitzer Prize winners
Joshua Kennedy

Joshua Kennedy (born 20 July 1982) is an Australian football player. He plays for Nagoya Grampus Eight and Australia national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999/00||Carlton||National Soccer League||4||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Wolfsburg||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2001/02||7||2||1||2||0||0||1||0||9||4
|-
|2002/03||Stuttgarter Kickers||Regionalliga||23||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|-
|2003/04||Koln||Bundesliga||4||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Dynamo Dresden||rowspan="2"|2. Bundesliga||34||9||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||35||9
|-
|2005/06||26||7||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||7
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Nurnberg||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007/08||12||1||2||1||1||0||3||0||18||2
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Karlsruhe||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||10||4||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||4
|-
|2008/09||23||2||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||26||2
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||15||6||4||3||1||0||4||3||24||12
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
4||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
140||27||8||3||1||0||4||0||153||30
15||6||4||3||1||0||4||3||24||12
159||33||12||6||2||0||8||3||181||42
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2006||3||1
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
|2008||6||4
|-
|2009||7||1
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||17||6
|}
References
Nagoya Grampus Eight
1982 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
Harriet Lane

Harriet Rebecca Lane Johnston (May 9, 1830 - July 3, 1903), niece of lifelong bachelor United States President James Buchanan, acted as First Lady of the United States from 1857 to 1861. She was one of the few women to hold the position of First Lady while not being married to the President.
Early life
Her parents were Elliot Tole Lane and Jane Buchanan Lane. When she was 9 years old, her mother died. Two years later, her father also died. She became an orphan. She requested that her uncle, James Buchanan, be made her guardian. Thus, Buchanan became her guardian. He arranged for her education. She received a very good education.
Personal life
In 1854 she went to London to live with her uncle, James Buchanan. There she attracted the attention of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She gave her the title of "dear Miss Lane".
First Lady
In 1857, her uncle became the President of the United States. She became the First Lady. She was a popular First Lady, and was very active. Women of that time even copied her hair style and style of dressing. People describe her as the first of the modern first lady.
After First Lady
After her uncle retired, they went to live in his big home at, Wheatland near Lancaster, Pennsylvania. From her young age, she had met many persons.
Within next 18 years, she saw many deaths: her uncle, her husband, and her two young sons.
After this, she moved to Washington to live. She gifted a large collection of her art works to the government. An official of the Smithsonian Institute once described her as the First Lady of the National Collection of Fine Arts. She also donated a large amount to build a facility for invalid children at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore.
Marriage
She married when she was 36. Her husband was Henry Elliot Johnston. Her husband was a banker from Baltimore.
Death
After her death, she was buried at Baltimore, Maryland.
James Buchanan
First Ladies of the United States
1830 births
1903 deaths
West Burlington, Iowa

West Burlington is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Roxboro, North Carolina

Roxboro ( ) is a city and the county seat of Person County, North Carolina in the United States. The population was 8,362 at the 2010 census.
References
County seats in North Carolina
Cities in North Carolina
Champien

Champien is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 290 people lived there.
Communes in Somme
Aasbüttel

Aasbuttel is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
Steinburg (district)
Matt Hardy

Matthew "Matt" Moore Hardy (born September 23, 1974) is an American professional wrestler. He works for OMEGA Championship Wrestling and Ring of Honor (ROH). He has workied for World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. He teams with his younger brother Jeff Hardy.
References
Other websites
The Hardy Show website
WWE profile
SLAM! Sports bio and story archive
Profile on Online World of Wrestling
1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Raleigh, North Carolina
American professional wrestlers
AEW wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
American bloggers
L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue

L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue is a commune of 16,971 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Communes in Vaucluse
Belle Haven, Accomack County, Virginia

Belle Haven is a town in Accomack County, Virginia, United States. About 480 people were living in Belle Haven as of the year 2000.
Towns in Virginia
Adelardo López de Ayala

Adelardo Lopez de Ayala y Herrera (1828-1879), Spanish writer and politician. He was born at Guadalcanal, Seville on 1 May 1828. At a very early age he began writing for the theatre of his native town.
Spanish poets
1828 births
1879 deaths
Goux-sous-Landet

Goux-sous-Landet is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Muslim saints

This is a list of patron Muslim saints of places by nation, and other regional countries, in the Islamic world.
Traditional Non-Christian saints
References
Saints
Saints
Religion-related lists
Martin O'Neill

Martin Hugh Michael O'Neill, OBE (b. 1 March 1952) is an Northern Irish football manager. He is currently the manager of Sunderland F.C., and has previously managed Celtic F.C.. and Aston Villa F.C. O'Neill was born in Kilrea, Northern Ireland.
References
1952 births
Living people
Northern Irish footballers
Northern Irish football managers
Raymond Briggs

Raymond Redvers Briggs, CBE (18 January 1934 - 9 August 2022) was a British writer and artist, known for his books for children. His books include The Snowman, Fungus the Bogeyman, When the Wind Blows and Father Christmas. Briggs was born in Wimbledon, Surrey.
Briggs died on 9 August 2022 at a hospital in Brighton, East Sussex from pneumonia at the age of 88.
References
1934 births
2022 deaths
British children's writers
British illustrators
Writers from Surrey
Writers from London
Deaths from pneumonia
Tamgaly

Tamgaly is a lake in Kazakhstan, in South Kazakhstan oblast. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site where petroglyphs (rock pictures) have been found.
Lakes of Kazakhstan
Unpaid work

Unpaid work is work without pay. It may be provided by people who are members of a family; volunteer workers who work for charity or recreation; students who take internship or apprenticeship positions for experience. This may be different to forced labour, in which the worker is a prisoner or a slave.
References
Labor
Employment
Pseudis platensis

Pseudis platensis is a frog that lives in Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil.
Scientists used to think this was the same frog as Pseudis paradoxa. They said it was a subspecies. They called it Pseudis paradoxa platensis. Then, in 2007, scientists looked at the frog's genes. The genes of Pseudis platensis were different enough from Pseudis paradoxa to say it was its own species.
References
Frogs of South America
Rupal Valley

The Rupal Valley is in the Astore District of Pakistan's Northern Areas. It is south of Nanga Parbat. It is popular for treks to the mountain's Rupal Face, one of highest mountain faces in the world.
Valleys of Pakistan