pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Beverly Willis

Beverly Willis (born February 17, 1928) is an American architect. Beverly Willis's life as an artist and architect begins here. Born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1928 and weaned on these Midwestern oil fields, Willis experienced an America awestruck by the machine, nostalgic for the days of westward expansion and determined to preserve its puritan ethic.
Her best known built-work is the San Francisco Ballet Building in San Francisco, California. She is the co-founder of the National Building Museum, in Washington, D.C., and founder of the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, a non-profit organization working to change the culture for women in the building industry through research and education.
References
1928 births
Living people
American architects
Businesspeople from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Hellevoetsluis

Hellevoetsluis is a city and former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2022, 40,574 people lived there.
On 1 January 2023, it was merged with the former municipalities of Brielle and Westvoorne to form the new municipality of Voorne aan Zee.
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Voorne and Zee
Volkswagen Passat

Volkswagen Passat is a car produced by Volkswagen in 1973. It entered its seventh generation in 2010.
Passat Mk4
The Volkswagen Passat Mk4 is the fourth generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk4 replaced the Mk3 in 1993, and was replaced by the Mk5 in 1996.
Passat Mk5
The Volkswagen Passat Mk5 is the fifth generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk5 replaced the Mk4 in 1996, and was replaced by the Mk6 in 2005.
Passat Mk6
The Volkswagen Passat Mk6 is the sixth generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk6 replaced the Mk5 in 2005, and was replaced by the Mk7 in 2010.
Passat Mk7
The Volkswagen Passat Mk7 is the seventh generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk7 replaced the Mk6 in 2010. This is the current generation of the Volkswagen Passat.
Gallery
References
Front wheel drive vehicles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Jacob Cornelius

Jacob Cornelius is a rower from USA. Cornelius competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was born on 2 October 1984.
References
Other websites
1984 births
Living people
American rowers
American Olympians
Marshfield Dreams

Marshfield Dreams: When I Was a Kid is a memoir written by the American writer and poet Ralph Fletcher, it covers his life from birth to age thirteen when his family moved from Marshfield, Massachusetts to Chicago.
Summary
Each short chapter tells of an incident growing up in a large family on Acorn Street in Marshfield, Massachusetts. Ralph was the oldest of nine children. Some of the stories told were Ralph being informed of his mother's pregnancy by a nosy classmate. His mother's game called "snuck up the rug" where the whole family got down and pulled dirt from the carpets. Other stories include his father bringing home a pet chicken for each child and his great-grandmother who buried the kids' old teeth in the garden.
References
Outside websites
Ralph Fletcher's website
2005 books
Kishori Ballal

Kishori Ballal (1937/1938 - 18 February 2020) was an Indian actress. She was known for her works in Kannada cinema. Ballal was born in Karnataka, India. Her best known works were Gair Kaanooni, Ek Alag Mausam and in Aakramana.
Ballal died at a hospital in Bengaluru, India on 18 February 2020 at the age of 82.
References
1930s births
2020 deaths
Actors from Karnataka
American Fork, Utah

American Fork is a city in Utah County, Utah. It is north of Utah Lake and northeast of Provo. The population was 33,337 at the 2020 census.
References
Cities in Utah
Patrick J. O'Connor

Patrick J. O'Connor (born 1955) is an American politician. He was the alderman in Chicago's City Council representing the 40th Ward on the North Side of the city from 1983 through 2019.
O'Connor was an unsuccessful candidate in the Democratic Party primary election for Illinois's 5th congressional district special election, 2009.
He lost his re-election bid in the April 2 runoff in 2019 to Andre Vasquez.
References
Other websites
40th Ward Gazet website of Citizens for Patrick O'Connor political action committee
What's the Deal with All Those Motels on North Lincoln Avenue?
Web page of wife Barbara O'Connor on the Dream Town Realty website
1955 births
Living people
Chicago City Council members
Lawyers from Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Newark, Texas

Newark is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Settlements in Tarrant County, Texas
Cities in Wise County, Texas
Tom Polanic

Thomas Joseph Polanic (April 2, 1943 - September 22, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He was born in Toronto. Polanic played 19 games in the National Hockey League for the Minnesota North Stars between 1965 through 1977. He was born in Toronto.
Polanic died on September 22, 2019 in Toronto at the age of 76.
References
1943 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
2019 deaths
Minnesota North Stars players
Sportspeople from Toronto
Eastern Hockey League players
Ruby Bridges

Ruby Nell Bridges Hall (born September 8, 1954) is an American activist. She is known for being the first black child to attend an all-white elementary school in the South. She went to William Frantz Elementary School, in Louisiana, USA.
Early life
Ruby Bridges was born in Tylertown, Mississippi to Abon and Lucille Bridges. When she was 4 years old, the family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1960, when she was 6 years old, her parents allowed her to participate in the integration of the New Orleans School system.
Integration
In a 1954 decision, Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court made Racial segregation against the law. Ruby was chosen to attend the all-white William Frantz Elementary School. The school board said black children could attend the first grade if they passed a test. Bridges passed a test. On her first day of school four U.S. Marshals had to go with her to school. She went straight to the principal's office.She sat in the principal's office all day. Angry crowds of parents shouted threats at her. For the next six months the marshals took her to and from her school. Ruby had to spend the entire first school year alone with one teacher, Barbara Henry. People tried to hurt her family. Her father lost his job and her grandparents were thrown off their farm in Georgia. Ruby never missed a day of school that year. The story of her going to a white school is the subject of a Norman Rockwell painting called The Problem We All Live With.
Adult life
She finished elementary school and graduated from high school. Bridges went on to become a travel agent for American Express. Mrs. Ruby Bridges got married to Malcolm Hall and had four sons. In 1993, her brother was shot and killed in New Orleans. Ruby's family went to New Orleans to take care of his daughters.
In 1999, she wrote a children's book, "Through My Eyes", telling her story and what she went through. The same year she started the Ruby Bridges Foundation. She travels and talks to children all over the country.
On 8 January 2001, President Bill Clinton awarded Ruby Bridges the Presidential Citizens Medal. She was one of 28 to receive the medal that day.
References
rg/ |date=2013-05-25 }}
Ruby Bridges, Webpage
American civil rights activists
Children's writers
1954 births
Presidential Citizens Medal recipients
[[Category:Living prop
Carsington Water

Carsington Water is a massive reservoir operated by Severn Trent Water.
It is England's ninth largest reservoir with a capacity of 35,412 megaliters. Planning for the reservoir started in the 1960s with actual construction staring in 1979. In 1984 there was a partial collapse of the dam.
Water infrastructure
Lakes of the United Kingdom
Derbyshire
Walk, Don't Run

Walk, Don't Run is a 1966 American romantic comedy movie directed by Charles Walters and starring Cary Grant, Samantha Eggar, Jim Hutton, John Standing, George Takei, Ted Hartley. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was a remake of the 1943 movie ''The More the Merrier.
Other websites
1966 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies directed by Charles Walters
Movies set in Tokyo
Movies set in the 1960s
Fincastle, Kentucky

Fincastle is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Little Hare

Little Hare () is a 1964 Soviet comedy movie directed by Leonid Bykov. It stars Leonid Bykov, Olga Krasina, and Igor Gorbachyov.
Actors
Leonid Bykov as Lev Zaychik
Olga Krasina as Natasha
Igor Gorbachyov as Shabashnikov
Sergey Filippov as Theater Director
Georgy Vitsin as Assistant Director
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1964 movies
Soviet comedy movies
Mint (money)

A mint is an industrial facility which makes coins that can be used in currency.
In coin collecting, the term "mint condition" means the coin has never been used ("in circulation"), just like it came out of the mint where it was made.
The earliest metallic money did not consist of coins, but of unminted metal in the form of rings and other ornaments or of weapons. These were used for thousands of years by the Egyptian, Chaldean and Assyrian empires.
The first mint was perhaps in Lydia in the 7th century BC, for coining gold, silver and electrum. The Lydian innovation spread to neighboring Greece, where several city-states operated their own mints. Some of the earliest Greek mints were in city-states on Greek islands such as Crete. A mint existed at the ancient city of Cydonia on Crete at least as early as the fifth century BC.
References
Money
Manufacturing
Coins
Shinya Yajima

is a Japanese football player.
Biography
Yajima was born in Saitama on January 18, 1994. He joined J1 League club Urawa Reds from their youth team in 2011. However he could not play many matches. In 2015, he moved to J2 League club Fagiano Okayama on loan. He played many matches as defensive midfielder in 2 seasons. In 2017, he returned to Urawa. In 2018, he moved to Gamba Osaka. However, there were few opportunities to play. In June 2018, he moved to Vegalta Sendai. In 2019, he returned to Gamba.
In August 2016, Yajima was selected in the Japan Under-23 national team squad for the 2016 Summer Olympics. At this tournament, he played all 3 matches and scored a goal against Sweden.
Statistics
|-
|2011||rowspan="4"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="4"|J1 League||0||0||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2012||8||0||1||1||5||2||colspan="2"|-||14||3
|-
|2013||4||1||2||0||1||0||1||0||8||1
|-
|2014||0||0||1||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||6||1
|-
|2014||J.League U-22||J3 League||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||1
|-
|2015||rowspan="2"|Fagiano Okayama||rowspan="2"|J2 League||37||8||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||38||8
|-
|2016||35||5||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||38||5
|-
|2017||Urawa Reds||J1 League||11||1||3||0||2||0||4||0||20||1
|-
|2018||Gamba Osaka||J1 League||2||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2018||Gamba Osaka U-23||J3 League||9||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2018||Vegalta Sendai||J1 League||5||0||3||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||1
|-
|2019||rowspan="3"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="3"|J1 League||27||1||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||35||1
|-
|2020||27||1||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||31||1
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
168||18||19||2||23||3||5||0||215||23
168||18||19||2||23||3||5||0||215||23
|}
References
Other websites
1994 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
J.League U-22 Selection players
Fagiano Okayama players
Gamba Osaka players
Gamba Osaka U-23 players
Vegalta Sendai players
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Calibre

A calibre (or caliber in American English) is the diameter of the barrel of a gun. For example, a rifle with a diameter of 0.22 inch is a .22 cal. Guns that have a particular calibre are designed to fit and use bullets of the same calibre.
Types of callibre
Callibre is measured in inches, not millimetres. Common callibres include:
References
Ammunition
Barter

Barter is trading one thing for another without using money. Usually the things that are traded are worth the same amount of money, but no money is used in the trade.
Barter is useful when two people each have something the other wants, so they agree on an amount of stuff and then swap it. This can also happen with services, for example a plumber can fix a tap in a winery and be given a crate of wine.
The problem with barter is one person may not want what the other person has. For instance, Bob needs a new pair of shoes and John has those shoes. But Bob has eggs and John needs milk. This is where money becomes useful because anything can be traded for a set amount of money. Bob could pay John for the shoes and John could go to the store and buy some milk.
References
Commerce
Money
Simple living
Marcia

The name Marcia [ mahr-shuh ] is a female given name which comes from Latin. It means "dedicated to Mars". Marcia also means "proud, warlike, martial". It is a feminine form of Marcus. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
People who have the name include entertainers Marcia Cross and Marcia Wallace. Fictional people include Marcia Brady from The Brady Bunch.
People
Marcia Gay Harden, American actress
Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (1942-2013)
Marcia Strassman, American actress and singer (1948-2014)
References
Given names
Bartlett, New Hampshire

Bartlett is a town in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,788 at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in New Hampshire
Salon painting

Salon painting is a style of painting that was popular in the 19th century. The name comes from the Salon carre of the Louvre, in Paris. This salon is known as Salon de Paris today. Since the time of Louis XV, it was regularly used for art exhibitions. These became known as salons. In these salons, artworks were shown that the ruling class approved. This means, that very often, it was used for paintings that the rulng class liked.To be able to show paintings there, the artists adapted their painting styles: they made history paintings, and they painted mythological figures, in scenes that wee known from classical stories. This also gave them a pretext to show a lot of naked skin. This was good, because many upper class people had voyeuristic tendencies, and the people also liked to see mostly naked figures in a historical setting.
Painting styles
The Orange Box

The Orange Box is a video game compilation for Microsoft Windows, the Xbox 360, and the PlayStation 3. The Windows and 360 versions were made by Valve Corporation, and the PS3 version was made by Electronic Arts. It has five games on it - Half-Life 2, Half-Life 2: Episode One (an expansion of Half-Life 2), Half-Life 2: Episode Two (another expansion of Half-Life 2), Portal, and Team Fortress 2. The first two were released outside of The Orange Box, but the other three first appeared in it.
References
Notes
2007 video games
shooter video games
PlayStation 3 games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Compilation video games
Madhouse (book)

Madhouse: A Tragic Tale of Megalomania and Modern Medicine is a 2005 book by Andrew Scull which discusses the work of controversial psychiatrist Henry Cotton at Trenton State Hospital in New Jersey in the 1920s. Cotton thought that insanity was fundamentally a toxic disorder and he surgically removed body parts to try to improve mental health. This often began with the removal of teeth and tonsils. Much death and harm resulted from his experiments. Cotton's approach attracted some detractors, but most doctors of the day did not effectively object.
References
2005 books
Ethics
Psychiatry
Wrightwood, California

Wrightwood is a census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California. At the 2020 count, 4,720 people lived in Wrightwood. Wrightwood has an area of 5.95 square miles.
References
Census-designated places in California
Settlements in San Bernardino County, California
El Topo

El Topo is a 1970 Mexican western movie directed, produced and starring Alejandro Jodorowsky, Brontis Jodorowsky, Alfonso Arau, Agustin Isunza.
Cast
Alejandro Jodorowsky as El Topo
Brontis Jodorowsky as Hijo, El Topo's son, as a boy
Alfonso Arau as Bandit #1
Jose Luis Fernandez as Bandit #2
Alf Junco as Bandit #3
Jacqueline Luis as El Topo's wife
Mara Lorenzio as Mara
Paula Romo as The Woman in Black
David Silva as The Colonel
Hector Martinez as the first gunfighter
Juan Jose Gurrola as the second gunfighter
Victor Fosado as the third gunfighter
Alisha Newton as the wife of the third gunfighter
Agustin Isunza as the last gunfighter
Robert John as Hijo, El Topo's son, as a man
Bertha Lomeli as the mother of the second gunfighter
Jose Antonio Alcaraz as Sheriff
Jose Legarreta as Dying Man
Other media
In 2016, a sequel of the movie was released as a comic book under the name Sons of El Topo.
References
Other websites
1970 drama movies
1970s Western (genre) movies
Mexican movies
Movies directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky
Filling Station (ballet)

Filling Station is a one-act ballet. The libretto (story) is based on a newspaper report. Virgil Thomson wrote the music. Lew Christensen choreographed (designed) the dances. Christensen performed the role of Mac, the filling station attendant. Paul Cadmus designed the sets and costumes. The ballet was first performed in Hartford, Connecticut by Ballet Caravan in November 1937. A performance was given at the Martin Beck Theater in New York City on May 18, 1939, with Christensen again in the role of the attendant.
Mac is a young, good-looking filling station attendant. His evening solitude is broken by two young and greasy but good-natured truck drivers. The State Trooper (policeman) enters in pursuit. He lectures the boys on their disregard for the speed limit. A brash motorist, his wife, and bratty child interrupt. The Rich Boy and The Rich Girl enter. They are drunken refugees from a country club dance. They rhumba and the others join them. Suddenly, a gangster enters shooting his gun. Mac, the truck drivers, and The State Trooper thwart his attempt to stage a robbery. The Rich Girl however is caught in the gangster's line of fire and dies on the pavement. Her limp body is carried off. The spectators drift away. Mac settles down with his radio and a newspaper to wait for business.
Dance historian Grace Robert praises the ballet in her book The Borzoi Book of Ballets. She singles out the characterizations in particular, noting that they are "definite and well-rounded" and that all of them are seen in terms that are "balletic". She points to the pursuit of the gangster as an especially effective moment. On a darkened stage, several figures with flashlights perform grand jetee (leaps). The beams of light and flying figures create an effect "dramatic out of all proportion to the simplicity of the means employed." The ballet was popular in South America when it was performed there in 1941 by an American company assembled by Lincoln Kirstein. Writing in 1949, Robert noted that only the score survived at that date but a suite arranged from it was heard occasionally in concert or on the radio.
References
Ballets
Pougy

Pougy is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Communes in Aube
Hermaphroditus

In Greek mythology, Hermaphroditus was the two-sexed son of Hermes and Aphrodite. He was a minor god of androgeny, effeminacy and hermaphroditism. He also symbolized the unity of male and female. He was one of the members of the Erotes, a group of winged love gods. His name is the origin of the word hermaphrodite.
Mythology
According to a myth of Ovid, he was raised by nymphs in a cave on Mount Ida. At the age of fifteen, he traveled to the cities of Lydia and Caria in Asia Minor. It was there that he came upon a pool of fresh water. He undressed and bathed in the pool. Meanwhile, the nymph of the pool Salmacis, fell in love with him. She jumped into the pool and embraced him, not letting go, he struggled to get away from her. Salmacis prayed to the gods that they should never separate and the gods hearing her prayer, merged their bodies together, transforming Hermaphroditus into an androgynous being. Hermaphroditus, in anger of his transformation, cursed the pool so that anyone who bathed in it would suffer the same fate.
Cult
The worship of Hermaphroditus originated from Cyprus, under the name of Aphroditus. The cult was introduced into mainland Greece around the late 5th century BC. At rituals and sacrifices to the god, worshipers cross-dressed; men wearing women's clothing and women dressed in men's clothing. The god was also identified with the moon, because the moon was thought to be both male and female.
Art
Hermaphroditus was a popular subject in ancient Greek and Roman art. He is often shown alone and sometimes interacting with satyrs and cupids. There is a famous statue called "The Sleeping Hermaphroditus" at the Louvre Museum in Paris.
Greek gods and goddesses
Christian County, Illinois

Christian County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 34,032. The county seat is Taylorville. It was founded in 1839 and named for Christian County, Kentucky.
References
1839 establishments in Illinois
Illinois counties
Jeffrey Sachs

Jeffrey David Sachs (; born November 5, 1954) is an American economist, academic and public policy analyst. He is the former director of The Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is known as one of the world's leading experts on economic development and the fight against poverty.
References
Other websites
UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network
Earth Institute Director's Page
Millennium Villages Project
Ending America's War of Choice in the Middle East
1954 births
Living people
American economists
Columbia University faculty
Writers from Detroit
Scientists from Detroit
Reign

A reign is the period of time that a monarch (a king, queen, emperor, etc.) rules over a country. It can also be the period of time that a spiritual leader rules in a particular office. For example, the reign of a pope, dalai lama, patriarch etc. A reign can also be used for an office or championship. In many cases a reign lasts until the monarch (or leader) resigns, dies, or is removed. A monarch's reign was sometimes used to mark time officially. In Anglo-Saxon England for example, many royal documents were dated by the regnal year of the king. This lasted until about the 10th century.
Current Longest Reigning Monarchs
Some of the longest reigning current monarchs are:
Elizabeth II, United Kingdom, 62+ years .
Sikiru Kayode Adetona, Nigeria, 55+ years.
Hassanal Bolkiah, Brunei, 47+ years.
Margrethe II of Denmark, 42+ years.
Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, United Arab Emirates, 42+ years.
Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden 41+ years.
Some of the longest reigning monarchs of all time are:
Sobhuza II, Swaziland, reigned for 82 years, 253 days.
Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe, reigned for 81 years, 234 days.
Bhagvat Singh, ruler of Gondal, India, reigned for 74 years, 87 days.
Louis XIV of France reigned for 72 years, 110 days.
Shortest Reigning Monarchs in History
Some of the shortest reigns in history are:
Louis Antoine, Duke of Angouleme as "Louis XIX of France", reigned for 20 minutes.
Dipendra of Nepal, reigned for 56 hours (in a coma).
Duc Duc reigned as Emperor of Vietnam for 3 days.
Lady Jane Grey reigned as Queen of England for 9 days.
Edward V of England was King of England for 2 months, 16 days.
Dafydd ap Gruffydd was the Prince of Wales (last independent ruler) for 6 months, 11 days.
References
Monarchy
Oak Creek, Wisconsin

Oak Creek is a city in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States.
Settlements in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin
Cities in Wisconsin
Castroville, Texas

Castroville is a city in Medina County, Texas, United States.
Cities in Texas
Orne

The Orne (61) is a department in France. It is in the Normandy region. Its prefecture is Alencon and its sub-prefectures are Argentan and Mortagne-au-Perche. The department's name comes from the river Orne which flows through it.
History
The Orne was one of the original 83 departments created in 1790.
Geography
The department borders several other departments:
Calvados
Manche
Mayenne
Sarthe
Eure-et-Loir
Eure
There is also a 105,000 ha forest called foret des Andaines (Andaines Forest).
Culture
The Orne is famous for its:
Camembert
Pommeau
Poire
Cidre
Calvados
It is also known to be famous for its trotting horses.
Monuments
(A chateau is a castle in French)
Chateau of Sassy
Chateau medieval de Domfront
Chateau of Couterne
Chateau of La Ferte-Fresnel at La Ferte-Frenel
Chateau of Carrouges
Orne
Lea Bachelier

Lea Bachelier (born 13 February 1993) is a French water polo player.
She was a member of the France women's national water polo team at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
References
Other websites
lea-bachelier france-waterpolo
lea-bachelier-of-france getty
lea-bachelier globalsportsarchive
1993 births
Living people
French water polo players
G98 Mauser rifle

The G98 Mauser rifle is a bolt-action rifle used by Germany from 1898 until the end of World War I. It was the German military's main rifle during that time. In 1935, it was replaced by Kar98k, a carbine version of the G98.
It was not the first bolt-action rifle ever made, but its design is so well-liked by militaries worldwide that many bolt-action rifles copied its design. Some rifles based on the G98 that were made in other countries include the American M1903 Springfield rifle and the Japanese Type 38 and Type 99 Arisaka rifles. Even today, many bolt-action rifles still follow the G98's basic design.
The rifle held up to five 7.92 x 57mm Mauser rounds. It was also clip-fed, which means that the shooter can load many bullets at one time, rather than just one bullet at a time.
References
Rifles
Georgian Orthodox Church

The Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia (), usually known as the Georgian Orthodox Church, is an is an autocephalous (meaning independent) Eastern Orthodox Church in full communion with the other churches of Eastern Orthodoxy. It is Georgia's main religious institution, and a majority of Georgian people are members. The Orthodox Church of Georgia is one of the oldest churches in the world. Its claim to be apostolic means it can be traced back to the original disciples of Jesus. Its doctrine is similar to that of Eastern Orthodoxy, with only some differences. The church is the most trusted institution in Georgia. According to a 2013 survey 95% respondents had a positive opinion of its work.
Eastern Orthodox Church
Organizations based in Georgia (country)
Tbilisi
Premier of British Columbia

The Premier of British Columbia is the first minister, head of government, and de facto chief executive for the Canadian province of British Columbia. Until the early 1970s the title Prime Minister of British Columbia was often used.
The political party that wins the largest number of seats in a general election is usually invited by the lieutenant governor to form the government. Its leader becomes the head of the provincial government and is known as the premier.
References
Other websites
Premier of British Columbia Official Site
Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
Guennol Lioness

The Guennol Lioness is a 5,000-year-old Mesopotamian statue found near Baghdad, Iraq. It shows the form of a muscular anthropomorphic lioness-woman.
The sculpture sold for $57.2 million at Sotheby's auction house on December 5, 2007. The sculpture was on loan to the Brooklyn Museum of Art until it was purchased at auction by an English collector.
The limestone sculpture is just over 8 cm (3.25 in) tall. It was described by Sotheby's as "one of the last known masterworks from the dawn of civilization remaining in private hands". One day before the auction, experts had been estimating that the highest bid would be between $14 million and $18 million.
At the time of its 2007 sale, the price paid at auction for the Guennol Lioness was the highest paid for a sculpture to that date. It easily exceeded the record of Pablo Picasso's Tete de femme (Dora Maar). On 3 February 2010, however, the second edition of the cast of the sculpture L'Homme qui marche I (Walking Man I) by Alberto Giacometti sold for PS65,001,250 ($104,327,006) and overtook the Guennol Lioness as the most expensive sculpture ever sold at auction.
This lioness-woman sculpture is an Elamite figure believed to have been created about 3000-2800 B.C. Its historical significance is that it was made about the same time as the first known use of the wheel, the development of cuneiform writing, and the emergence of the first cities.
Many ancient Near East deities were represented as anthropomorphic figures. Such images evoked the Mesopotamian belief in attaining power over the physical world by combining the superior physical attributes of various species. It is possible that the nearby Sumerians borrowed this powerful artistic hybrid from the Proto-Elamites. The lioness was the frequent subject of veneration among cultures familiar with the well-coordinated hunting of female lions.
References
Sculptures
Mesopotamia
3rd millennium BC works
Pinscreen animation

Pinscreen animation is a technique used for making animated movies with a device called a pinscreen. This device is a screen lit by the two vertical sides and filled with a vast number of movable pins. The pins can be pushed back and forth, casting their shadows on the screen to create images. It makes unique visual effects, but because of the carefulness the technique requires and its time-consuming side, it has been and always remains very rarely used.
Origins
The pinscreen is a device invented in the early thirties by Alexandre Alexeieff, a French engraver, illustrator, and filmmaker of Russian origin. Alexeieff conceived this device to make animation movies showing the same kind of textural effects that its engravings.
Pinscreen device description
The device is a white screen with a multitude of little holes on all its surface. Each hole is filled with a pin that can slide back and forth and the screen is lit by the two vertical sides, allowing the pins to cast their shadow on the screen. If all the pins are pushed in the screen, they can't cast any shadow and the screen appears entirely white. Conversely, if all the pins are pushed out of the screen, it's total darkness. Depending on how far the pins point out of the front of the screen, their shadows are shorter or longer, allowing the artist to create images in different tones of gray.
Animation technique
Each of the frames created on the pinscreen is photographed before creating the next frame. When strung together, the frames create the illusion of movement.
Pinscreen movies and legacy
Alexeieff and his partner Claire Parker completed, in 1933, the animated movie "Night on Bald Mountain", before making another movie in 1943, "En passant", for the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). Many years later, The NFB acquired a full-sized pinscreen and in 1972, Alexeieff and Parker were invited back to the NFB and gave several workshops on pinscreen animation to a group of filmmakers. One of the most interested Quebecer filmmaker in pinscreen animation is probably Jacques Drouin. He made several animated movies using that technique : "Trois exercices sur l'ecran d'epingles d'Alexeief" in 1974, "Mindscape" in 1976, "Nightangel" in 1986 that was co-directed with Bretislav Pojar, "Ex-child" in 1994, "A Hunting Lesson" in 2001 and "Imprints" in 2004. It's with his movie "Mindscape" that Drouin expressed his own style with the pinscreen technique for the first time, a style different from Alexeieff's. On the technical plane, Drouin also innovated with "Nightangel", in which he colours the pinscreen images by filtering the light sources. Recently, animator and illustrator Michele Lemieux has made "Le grand ailleurs et le petit ici" with the NFB's pinscreen.
References
Animation
Movie industry
Survivor Series (1992)

Survivor Series (1992) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 25, 1992 at the Richfield Coliseum in Richfield Township, Ohio. It was the sixth Survivor Series event that was held by the WWF.
Matches
References
Other websites
Official Survivor Series 1992 website
1992 in professional wrestling
1992 in the United States
Sports in Ohio
Survivor Series
20th century in Ohio
November events
Lullaby (1937 movie)

Lullaby () is a 1937 Soviet movie directed by Dziga Vertov.
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1937 movies
Kröning

Kroning is a municipality in Landshut in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Landshut (district)
Des Peres, Missouri

Des Peres is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
June Almeida

June Dalziel Almedia (5 October 1930 - 1 December 2007) was a Scottish virologist. She had very good skills in electron microscopy. During the 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, her research was used to help beat the virus.
References
1930 births
2007 deaths
British virologists
Hal Robson-Kanu

Thomas Henry Alex "Hal" Robson-Kanu (born on 21 May 1989 in Acton, England, United Kingdom) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger. He currently doesn't play for any club, but has been playing for the Wales national football team since 2010. He has played for England's youth squads, but decided to play for Wales in 2010. He played his first match with Wales against Austria on 18 May 2010.
Hal Robson-Kanu has played with Arsenal, Reading, Southend United on loan and Swindon Town on loan. He won the Football League Championship with Reading during the 2011-12 season.
Other websites
Hal Robson-Kanu profile at Reading F.C.
References
1989 births
Welsh footballers
American University of Beirut

The American University of Beirut (AUB; ) is the first American university to be built in Beirut, Lebanon. Its old name was the Syrian Protestant College, and it was built in the year 1866. The name was changed to American University of Beirut on November 18, 1920.
References
Colleges and universities in Asia
Beirut
1866 establishments
Organizations based in Lebanon
Daína Chaviano

Daina Chaviano (born 1960 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban writer. She is thought to be one of the three most important female fantasy and science fiction writers in the Spanish language, along with Angelica Gorodischer (Argentina) and Elia Barcelo (Spain), forming the so-called "feminine trinity of science fiction in Latin America." She is the cousin of Cuban-Mexican actor Cesar Evora.
References
Other websites
Daina Chaviano's Official Web Site. English and Spanish.
Amazon.com Official Author's Page
Daina Chaviano's Page at Penguin
GoodRead Author's Page
1960 births
Living people
Writers from Havana
President of the Senate of Chile

The President of the Senate of Chile is the highest authority of the Senate of Chile. The position comes after the Ministers of State in the line of succession of the President of Chile.
The President of the Senate receives no special treatment in the sessions of Senate. However, in the official communications the President holds the title of Excelencia ("Excellency"). He or she is elected, from the body of current Senators.
List
References
The Laughing Policeman (movie)

The Laughing Policeman is a 1973 American police thriller movie directed by Stuart Rosenberg and based on the 1968 novel of the same name by Maj Sjowall and Per Wahloo. It stars Walter Matthau, Bruce Dern, Louis Gossett Jr., Anthony Zerbe, Albert Paulsen, Joanna Cassidy, Gregory Sierra and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1973 crime movies
1973 thriller movies
American thriller movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Stuart Rosenberg
Automotive lighting

The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted on the front, rear, sides, and in some cases on the top of a motor vehicle, and lights the roadway for the driver. The lighting system also makes the vehicle more visible, especially in low light conditions. It gives warning to other drivers and pedestrians of a vehicle's presence and direction of travel. Emergency vehicles usually carry distinctive lighting equipment to alert drivers and pedestrians of their rapid movement during an emergency.
History
Vehicles have had lights for well over a hundred years. Candles lit Horse-drawn carriages. The first cars, then called horseless-carriages were lit by gas lights. By 1908 electric lighting began to be used on motor vehicles. Red tail lights and yellow brake lights were in use by 1915. Sealed beam headlights were used starting in 1936. By 1940 turn signals were used. Before 1939, headlight design was not standardised. Between 1940 and 1956, all vehicles built in the U.S. were required to have 7'' round headlights (sealed beams). As of 1956 and up, it became possible to install 4 headlights on 1 vehicle (2 lights per 1 side). In 1960 the first halogen lights were used on European cars and the technology came to the US by 1979. Replaceable car light bulbs were in use in the US beginning in 1983.
Lights
Headlights are for lighting the space in front of the vehicle. Headlights are designed to see as far forward as possible, without "blinding" oncoming cars. Most drivers learn not to "overdrive their headlights". This means not going too fast so your stopping distance is farther than the area lit by the headlights.
Tail lights are red (only) and are lit when the headlights are lit. Modern vehicles are required to have two tail lights. Most tail light assemblies stop lights which warn other drivers that a vehicle is slowing or stopping. They also include the rear *Marker lights and often the turn signals.
Third brake light. Since 1986 in the US and Canada, 1990 in Australia and New Zealand, and in most of Europe since 1998 a third brake lamp mounted higher than the vehicle's two regular stop lights is required. In the United States and Canada since 1986, in Australia and New Zealand since 1990, and in Europe and other countries applying UN Regulation 48 since 1998, a central stop (brake) lamp mounted higher than the vehicle's left and right stop lamps is also required.
Fog lights are optional on many vehicles. Regular headlights reflect light and cause glare when the vehicle is operating in fog. Fog lights are aimed lower to better see the road. They also spread the light out in a wider pattern to aid the headlights in fog, rain, snow or dust.
Driving lights are auxiliary lights designed to help the headlights see farther. They project a narrow beam much farther than headlights usually do.
References
Other websites
Dashboard Warning Lights
Emergency vehicle lighting explained
Auto parts
Automotive technologies
Light sources
Clay City, Illinois

Clay City is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Krampus

In folklore, Krampus is a horned, anthropomorphic figure. It is described as being half-goat and half-demon. During the Christmas season, Krampus punishes children who have misbehaved. The is the opposite of Saint Nicholas, who rewards the well-behaved with gifts. Krampus is one of the companions of Saint Nicholas in several regions including Austria, Bavaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, South Tyrol and parts of Northern Italy. The origin of Krampus is not known, but some folklorists and anthropologists believe it has pre-Christian origins.
Christmas
Folklore
Bill Macy

Bill Macy (born Wolf Martin Garber; May 18, 1922 - October 17, 2019) was an American actor and comedian. He was in many comedy shows during the 1980s. He was best known for his role as Walter in Maude.
Macy was born on May 18, 1922 in Revere, Massachusetts. He was married to Samantha Harper from 1975 until his death. Macy died on October 17, 2019 in Los Angeles at the age of 97.
References
Other websites
1922 births
2019 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
Comedians from Massachusetts
American television personalities
American radio personalities
Jewish American actors
Actors from Massachusetts
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

In mathematics and statistics, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is a measure of correlation, named after its maker, Charles Spearman. It is written in short as the Greek letter rho () or sometimes as . It is a number that shows how closely two sets of data are linked. It only can be used for data which can be put in order, such as highest to lowest.
The general formula for is .
For example, if you have data for how expensive different computers are, and data for how fast the computers are, you could see if they are linked, and how closely they are linked, using .
Working it out
Step one
To work out you first have to rank each piece of data. We are going to use the example from the intro of computers and their speed.
So, the computer with the lowest price would be rank 1. The one higher than that would have 2. Then, it goes up until it is all ranked. You have to do this to both sets of data.
Step two
Next, we have to find the difference between the two ranks. Then, you multiply the difference by itself, which is called squaring. The difference is called , and the number you get when you square is called .
Step three
Count how much data we have. This data has ranks 1 to 5, so we have 5 pieces of data. This number is called .
Step four
Finally, use everything we have worked out so far in this formula: .
means that we take the total of all the numbers that were in the column . This is because means total.
So, is which is 4. The formula says multiply it by 6, which is 24.
is which is 120.
So, to find out , we simply do .
Therefore, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is 0.8 for this set of data.
What the numbers mean
always gives an answer between -1 and 1. The numbers between are like a scale, where -1 is a very strong link, 0 is no link, and 1 is also a very strong link. The difference between 1 and -1 is that 1 is a positive correlation, and -1 is a negative correlation. A graph of data with a value of -1 would look like the graph shown except the line and points would be going from top left to bottom right.
For example, for the data that we did above, was 0.8. So this means that there is a positive correlation. Because it is close to 1, it means that the link is strong between the two sets of data. So, we can say that those two sets of data are linked, and go up together. If it was -0.8, we could say it was linked and as one goes up, the other goes down.
If two numbers are the same
Sometimes, when ranking data, there are two or more numbers that are the same. When this happens in , we take the mean or average of the ranks that are the same. These are called tied ranks. To do this, we rank the tied numbers as if they were not tied. Then, we add up all the ranks that they would have, and divide it by how many there are. For example, say we were ranking how well different people did in a spelling test.
These numbers are used in exactly the same way as normal ranks.
Related pages
Correlation
Notes and references
Statistical tests
Margaret Lockwood

Margaret Lockwood (September 15, 1916 - July 15, 1990) was an English actress who starred in melodramatic movies and television series. She acted as Annie Ridd in the 1935 movie adaptation for Lorna Doone and as Iris Henderson in the 1938 comedy and thriller movie The Lady Vanishes. Her best success was in The Wicked Lady, a movie in which Lockwood played a wicked woman.
Lockwood was born in Karachi and raised in London. She died due to complications of cirrhosis at 73.
1916 births
1990 deaths
English television actors
English movie actors
Deaths from cirrhosis
Disease-related deaths in England
Alexander Volkov (tennis)

Alexander Vladimirovich Volkov (; 3 March 1967 - 19 October 2019) was a Russian professional tennis player. He was born in Kaliningrad, Soviet Union. Volkov won his first top-level professional singles title in 1991 at Milan. At Wimbledon that year, he lost a close match in the fourth round to the eventual tournament champion Michael Stich.
Volkov died on 19 October 2019 in Kalinigrad at the age of 52.
References
1967 births
2019 deaths
Russian tennis players
Predestination (Calvinism)

Predestination is a central belief in Calvinism. Calvinists believe that God picked those who he will save and bring with him to heaven before the world was created. They also believe that people who are not saved by God will go to hell. John Calvin thought people who were saved could never lose their salvation and the "elected" (those God saved) would know they were saved because of their actions.
Related pages
Predestination
Calvinism
John Calvin
Protestant theology
Ayça Aykaç

Ayca Aykac (born 27 February 1996) is a Turkish volleyball player.
She played at the 2015 FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship, 2016 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship, 2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship, 2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship, and 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
She played for VakifBank S.K.
References
1996 births
Turkish volleyball players
Living people
North Uist

North Uist () is an island and community in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.
North Uist is the tenth largest Scottish island, and the thirteenth largest island surrounding Great Britain. It has an area of , slightly smaller than South Uist. North Uist is connected by causeways to Benbecula via Grimsay, to Berneray, and to Baleshare.
With the exception of the south east, the island is very flat, and covered with a patchwork of peat bogs, low hills and lochs, with more than half the land being covered by water. Some of the lochs contain a mixture of fresh and tidal salt water, giving rise to some complex and unusual habitats.
Loch Sgadabhagh is the largest loch by area on North Uist but Loch Obisary has about twice the volume of water. The northern part of the island is part of the South Lewis, Harris and North Uist National Scenic Area, one of 40 in Scotland.
References
Outer Hebrides
Neil Reagan

John Neil Reagan (September 16, 1908 - December 11, 1996) was an American business executive. He was the manager of a radio station. He was also a senior producer at CBS and senior vice president of McCann Erickson. He was the older brother of Ronald Reagan.
References
Other websites
Harmer, John, Reagan: Man of Principle, Cedar Fort, 2002,
Watson, Robert W., White House Studies Compendium, Volume 1, Nova Publishers, 2007,
Yager, Edward M., Ronald Reagan's Journey: Democrat to Republican, Rowman & Littlefield, 2006,
1908 births
1996 deaths
Reagan family
Businesspeople from Illinois
Tampico, Illinois
Sow bug

A sow bug or woodlouse is a small land arthropod (jointed-legged animal). They are often confused with centipedes, millipedes or insects, but are actually crustaceans. They have fourteen legs and breathe through gills. Because of the gills, woodlice need water in the air around them. They mostly eat dead plants, and are considered helpful, because they act as "garbage collectors." Some species can roll up into a ball when in danger. In such position, their hard shell faces out, protecting the softer parts of the body.
Sow bugs do not look like shrimps or crabs, although they are closely related.
isopods