pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Josef Göppel

Josef Goppel (16 August 1950 - 13 April 2022) was a German politician. He was born in Herrieden, Bavaria. He represented the CSU. He was a member of the Bundestag from the state of Bavaria from 2002 until 2017.
Goppel died on 13 April 2022 in Munich, Germany from problems caused by kidney disease, aged 71.
References
1950 births
2022 deaths
Politicians from Bavaria
Deaths from kidney disease
Iago (Aladdin)

Iago is a fictional character in Walt Disney Pictures' 31st animated feature movie Aladdin (1992), the sequels The Return of Jafar (1994), Aladdin and the King of Thieves (1996), and the television series. He is an anthropomorphic red-plumed talking red lory. Iago is one of Aladdin's best friends and Jafar's former henchman. He is voiced by Gilbert Gottfried.
Fictional characters
Everything Is Awesome

"Everything Is Awesome" is the Grammy and Oscar nominated song featured in The Lego Movie. It was written by Shawn Patterson, Joshua Bartholomew, Lisa Harriton, and The Lonely Island.
The single and pop version featured in the end credits of the movie was produced by Mark Mothersbaugh and performed by Tegan and Sara in collaboration with musical comedy trio The Lonely Island.
In July 2014, the song "Everything Is Awesome" was re-used in a video of Greenpeace to promote their petition calling on the Lego Company to drop its partnership with Shell.
References
2014 songs
María Félix

Maria de los Angeles Felix Guerena ( (8 April 1914 - 8 April 2002) was a Mexican actress and singer. She was known for the title role of Dona Barbara (1943). She appeared in almost 50 movies made in Mexico, Spain, France, Italy and Argentina.
Felix died on 8 April 2002 in Mexico City from a heart attack at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
Maria Felix: "La Dona"
Registered website
Maria Felix official website
1914 births
2002 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
Actors from Mexico City
Karate gi

A karate gi is a standardized piece of karate clothing that acts as a uniform.
Whether or not a student is ranked, one must bring a gi to the academy.
Components
A karate gi includes a martial arts jacket, as well as a martial arts pant.
The gi is white.
The belt can be:
White
Yellow
Purple
Orange
Green
Blue
Brown
Black (sub-divided by dan)
References
gi
Sports clothing
Municipalities of Switzerland

Municipalities (, or ; ; ; ) are the lowest level of administrative division in Switzerland. Each municipality is part of one of the Swiss cantons, which form the Swiss Confederation. In most cantons municipalities are also part of districts or other sub-cantonal administrative divisions. there are 2,212 municipalities.
References
Related pages
List of municipalities in Switzerland
List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland
Cantons of Switzerland
Tobias Ellwood

Tobias Martin Ellwood (born 12 August 1966) is a British Conservative Party politician, soldier and author. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bournemouth East since 2005.
On 2 February 2022, Ellwood stated he would be sending the 1922 Committee a letter of no confidence in Boris Johnson.
References
1966 births
Living people
UK MPs 2005-2010
UK MPs 2010-2015
UK MPs 2015-2017
UK MPs 2017-2019
UK MPs 2019-present
Politicians from New York City
People from Dorset
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Minority rights

The term minority rights refers to the rights of minority groups. This includes the individual rights of a group's members and the collective rights of the group itself. These groups can be racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or sexual minorities.
For the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights protects their identities. For people with disabilities, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities exists to protect them, and for LGBT people, the Yogyakarta Principles were written down by the United Nations.
Also, the Council of Europe, European Union and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe also affirm protection of minority rights as part of human rights and the rule of law.
Other Page
International human rights law
Politics
Rights
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (in case citations, 6th Cir.) is a federal court which has appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan and Tennessee.
The court is made up of sixteen judges. It is based at the Potter Stewart U.S. Courthouse in Cincinnati, Ohio. It is one of 13 United States courts of appeals.
Other websites
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
Recent opinions from FindLaw
United States courts of appeals
Yu Hui

Yu Hui is an archer from China. She was born on 31 March 1980. Hui competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
References
Other websites
1980 births
Living people
Chinese archers
Chinese Olympians
Margaret Hodge

Dame Margaret Hodge (born 8 September 1944) is the Labour MP for Barking and has been since 1994. She was born in Cairo, Egypt. She went to university at London School of Economics.
References
1944 births
UK MPs 1992-1997
UK MPs 1997-2001
UK MPs 2001-2005
UK MPs 2005-2010
UK MPs 2010-2015
UK MPs 2015-2017
UK MPs 2017-2019
UK MPs 2019-present
Jewish British politicians
Politicians from Cairo
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Living people
Bob Crewe

Stanley Robert "Bob" Crewe (November 12, 1931 - September 11, 2014) was an American singer-songwriter, dancer, manager, record producer and fine artist. His main genre of musical work was rock, pop, R&B and soul. He was best known for his work with Jersey Boys and The Four Seasons. His work with Frankie Valli and Bob Gaudio, made a string of Top 10 singles for The Four Seasons. He was also known for his hit recordings with Freddy Cannon, Lesley Gore, Michael Jackson, Bobby Darin, Roberta Flack and Patti LaBelle.
Crewe was born in Newark, New Jersey and raised in Belleville.
Crewe died on September 11, 2014 at his nursing home in Scarborough, Maine. He was 82.
References
Other websites
1931 births
2014 deaths
American artists
American dancers
American pop singers
American R&B musicians
American record producers
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
Singers from Newark, New Jersey
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
Musicians from Newark, New Jersey
Le Mesnil-au-Grain

Le Mesnil-au-Grain is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
References
Communes in Calvados
Benny Benson

John Ben "Benny" Benson Jr. (October 12, 1913 - July 2, 1972) was born in Chignik, Alaska. When he was three years old, his mother died. His father sent him and his brother Carl to boarding school because Benny's father could not take care of them. Benny grew up in Unalaska and later in Seward.
Alaska Flag
Fame came to him from designing the Alaska flag. Benny was the winner of the contest run for Alaska students in grades seven to twelve in 1926. The Alaska Legislature adopted the design as the official flag for the Territory of Alaska on May 2, 1927. Later, the drafters of the Alaska constitution stipulated that the territorial flag would become the official flag of the State of Alaska.
References
People from Alaska
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Alaska
1913 births
1972 deaths
Martín Cárcamo

Martin Andres Carcamo Papic (born April 21, 1975 in Vina del Mar) is a Chilean television presenter and actor of Basque and Croat origin.
He debuted in television on the Chilean TV channel Rock & Pop where he was the host of Media Naranja and Noches de Verano. Later in 2004 he joined TVN, being the host of Pasiones, replacing Felipe Camiroaga. In 2008 he replaced Rafael Araneda in Rojo, Fama Contrafama. In 2009 was a judge of the Festival de Vina del Mar, and until recently he hosted Calle 7.
In October 2010, it was announced that he left TVN to join rival channel "Canal 13", where he will start working in January 2011, at the end of his current contract.
As a theatre actor, Carcamo was part of Ellas Quieren y El No Puede.
TV shows
Canal 2 Rock & Pop
Media Naranja
Noches de Verano
Chilevision
Extra Jovenes
Ya Siento que Vienen por mi
Amor a Ciegas
El Ultimo Apaga la Luz
Panoramix
Primer Plano
Television Nacional de Chile
Pasiones
Corre Video
Cada Loco con su Tema
El Ultimo Pasajero
Rojo, el valor del talento
Calle 7
Canal 13 (Chile)
Bienvenidos
Quiero Mi Fiesta
El Ultimo Pasajero
Vertigo
References
Other websites
1975 births
Chilean stage actors
Chilean television presenters
Living people
People from Vina del Mar
Burmese Days

Burmese Days is a novel by George Orwell. It was his first novel. It was published in 1934. The book is about colonialism and racism in Burma.
Background
George Orwell worked as a policeman in Burma for five years. He thought the way people were treated in parts of the British Empire was unfair and he used some of his own experiences as ideas. For example, he based the fictional town of Kyauktada on the real town of Katha, where he worked.
Orwell finished writing the book in 1933 and it was published the year after. He had it published in the United States because of concerns that the characters were described too much like actual people in Orwell's life and made them look bad.
Plot
In Burma, a man called John Flory lives on his own. He is unhappy with his life and misses his home in England but he has been in Burma so long, he does not feel like he can return home. Flory does not like the other English people in the town. He thinks they treat the local people very cruelly. Flory's best friend is an Indian doctor called Veraswami and some people make fun of him for being friendly with someone who is not white.
A young lady called Elizabeth moves to the town and Flory plans to marry her. He hopes that if he does, he might be able to become happy. At the same time, an important Burmese man in the town called U Po Kyin makes a plan to have more power and this effects Flory and Veraswami.
Flory kills himself.
U Po Kyin believe that he can wipe out the negative karma of his evil actions by giving money to build pagodas. However, he dies of a stroke before the first pagoda can be built. His wife has a dream where he is reborn as a snake or frog.
Characters
John Flory, called James Flory in some copies of the book, is the main character. In the novel, he is just "Flory."
Elizabeth Lackersteen is an English girl and Flory's love interest.
Mr. Lackersteen is Elizabeth's uncle.
Mrs. Lackersteen is Elizabeth's aunt and Mr. Lackersteen's wife.
Dr. Veraswami is an Indian doctor and Flory's friend.
U Po Kyin is a corrupt Burmese magistrate. He is described as ugly and fat.
Ma Hla May is Flory's Burmese mistress.
Ko S'la is Flory's servant. He feels sorry for Flory, who is unmarried and has no kids while he is married and has 5 kids.
Lieutenant Verrall is a military officer posted in town. He is everything Flory is not: young, rich, and handsome. He looks down on everyone.
Mr. Macgregor is Deputy Commissioner.
Ellis is an Englishman who manages a timber company in Upper Burma. He is very racist.
Francis and Samuel: Francis and Samuel are clerks. They are both Eurasian.
References
Books by George Orwell
1934 books
English-language novels
Varennes-sur-Allier

Varennes-sur-Allier is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Latvian Railways

Latvian Railway was started as a company on 2 September 1991. It is owned by the government. Before that was the Latvian Railway Board (Latvian Railways) which started on 5 August 1919.
Railways were first built in Latvia in the 1860s. They were damaged in the first and second world wars.
In 1992 there were of railway lines and 23,000 workers.
References
Other websites
Official website
Organizations based in Latvia
Rail transport in Europe
Mark Scheifele

Mark Scheifele (born March 15, 1993) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre for the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL).
1993 births
Living people
Winnipeg Jets players
Boxford, Massachusetts

Boxford is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Yves Coppens

Yves Coppens (9 August 1934 - 22 June 2022) was a French anthropologist. He studied ancient hominids. In 2014, he became a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He also helped make documentaries about hominids such as A Species Odyssey. He played an important role in discovering "Lucy".
Coppens died on 22 June 2022 at the age of 87.
References
1934 births
2022 deaths
French anthropologists
French academics
Languages of Ireland

The following is a list of languages used in Ireland:
Irish English - the dialects of the English language spoken in the Ireland
Scots - is the dialect of English spoken in much of Scotland and Ireland.
British English - the dialects of the English language spoken in the United Kingdom
Ulster Scots - the dialects of the Scots spoken in Northern Ireland
Irish Gaelic - the Gaelic (language) spoken in parts of Ireland
English language - the English language spoken worldwide
Ulster Irish - the dialects of the Irish Gaelic spoken in Northern Ireland
Ulster English - the dialects of the Irish English and British English spoken in Northern Ireland
Language-related lists
Central League

The Central League is a major baseball league in Japan.
Baseball in Japan
Baseball leagues
Ätran (locality)

Atran is a locality in Falkenberg Municipality in Halland County in Sweden. In 2010, 417 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Halland County
Alessandro Scarlatti

Alessandro Scarlatti (born Palermo, 2 May 1660; died 24 October 1725) was an Italian composer. He lived in the Baroque period. He is especially famous for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is thought of as the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. He was the father of the famous composer Domenico Scarlatti.
Life
Scarlatti was born in Palermo. At that time it was part of the Kingdom of Sicily. We know nothing about his musical education. When his opera Gli Equivoci nell sembiante was produced in Rome in 1679 the Queen of Sweden, who was living in Rome at the time, was very impressed and gave him the job of being her Maestro di cappella. In February 1684 he became Maestro di Cappella to the viceroy of Naples. He wrote many operas for him, as well as some music for important state occasions.
In 1702 Scarlatti left Naples and went to Florence where he composed operas for Ferdinando de' Medici and for Cardinal Ottoboni, who made him his maestro di cappella. In 1703 he also got a similar job in Rome at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.
After visiting Venice and Urbino in 1707, Scarlatti went back to Naples in 1708, and stayed there until 1717. However, the audiences in Naples no longer seemed interested in his music. They liked their serious operas to include comic music. Some of his best operas were written for Rome where they were produced at the Teatro Capranica. He also wrote some church music and music for royal weddings. He died in Naples.
Scarlatti's music
Scarlatti's music forms an important link between the early Baroque Italian vocal styles of the 17th century and the classical period of the 18th century, which led to the music of Haydn and Mozart.
Perhaps his greatest work is Mitridate Eupatore. Many of his later operas are full of music which allows the singers to show off. In his opera Teodora (1697) he was the first composer to use the orchestral ritornello (a tune which keeps coming back after sections of solo singing).
Some of his later operas written for Rome make the orchestra sound much more modern. He uses horns in the orchestra. This was a new idea.
As well as operas, Scarlatti composed at least five hundred chamber-cantatas. These are works for solo voice accompanied by the orchestra. Hardly any of them were published, but they contain a lot of good music.
He also wrote masses including the St Cecilia Mass (1721).
References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; London 1980;
1660 births
1725 deaths
Baroque composers
17th-century Italian composers
People from Palermo
18th-century Italian composers
2006 Winter Olympics

The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were held in Turin, Italy from 10 to 26 February 2006. This was the second time Italy hosted the Olympic Winter Games. The first time was the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. Italy also had the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.
The President of Italy, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, opened the ceremony. Stefania Belmondo was the torch-bearer.
1,548 men and 960 women were in the Olympics. There were 84 events. The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was "Passion lives here".
Medals won by each nation
Venues
Olympic areas
Olympic events were mainly held in Turin. Other events such as skiing and snowboarding had to be held in mountain areas.
Turin
Many venues were located in the Olympic District in central Turin, including:
Oval Lingotto - Speed skating
Torino Esposizioni - Ice hockey
Palasport Olimpico - Ice hockey (final)
Stadio Olimpico - Opening and closing ceremonies
Palavela - Figure skating, short-track speed skating
Olympic Village
Other locations
Bardonecchia - Snowboarding
Cesana Pariol - Bobsleigh, Luge, Skeleton
Cesana San Sicario - Biathlon
Pinerolo - Curling
Pragelato - Nordic combined (ski jumping), Ski jumping
Pragelato Plan - Cross-country skiing, Nordic combined (cross-country skiing)
San Sicario Fraiteve - Alpine skiing (women's combined (downhill), downhill, and super-g)
Sauze d'Oulx - Freestyle skiing
Sestriere Borgata - Alpine skiing (men's combined (downhill), downhill, super-g)
Sestriere Colle - Alpine skiing (combined (slalom), giant slalom, slalom)
Olympic villages
Bardonecchia
Sestriere
Turin
References
2006 in sports
2000s in Italy
2006 in Europe
President of Peru

The President of Peru () officially called the President of the Republic of Peru () is the head of state and head of government of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters.
The last directly elected President of Peru was Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, from 28 July 2016 to 21 March 2018, when he resigned from office.
The current president of Peru is Dina Boluarte who assumed office on 7 December 2022.
List of presidents
Terms
Presidents are elected for five-year terms, with no opportunity for immediate reelection. A former president can run again after being out of office for a full term. The change of government takes place on July 28, which is the date of independence from Spain and thus a national holiday.
Removal
There are only five ways the office of President of Peru can be left empty:
Death of the President of the Republic.
His permanent moral or physical disability, declared by Congress.
Acceptance of his resignation by Congress.
Leaving the national territory without permission of the Congress or not returning to it within the established period.
Dismissal, after having been sanctioned for any of the infractions mentioned in Article 117 of the Constitution.
Four presidents of Peru have resigned: Guillermo Billinghurst (forced resignation), Andres Avelino Caceres, Alberto Fujimori, and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski.
Martin Vizcarra was impeached and removed from office on 10 November 2020. Pedro Castillo was impeached and removed from office after attempting to dissolve Congress as a self-coup d'etat attempt on 7 December 2022.
Living former presidents of Peru
All former presidents of Peru since 1985 have been prosecuted since leaving office.
As of 2021, there were eight living former presidents of Peru. In order of office they are:
The most recent president to die was Francisco Morales Bermudez (1975-1980) on 14 July 2022.
References
Other websites
Patrick Leclercq

Patrick Andre Leclercq (born 2 August 1938) is a Monegasque politician. He was the Minister of State of Monaco. He was chosen by Rainier III, Prince of Monaco in December 1999 to replace Michel Leveque.
He was an Ambassador to France, Spain, Egypt (Jordan), Montreal (Canada), as well as in the Foreign Ministry.
He retired in May 2005.
References
1938 births
Living people
Ambassadors to France
Ministers of State of Monaco
Entre Campos (Lisbon Metro)

Entre Campos station is part of the Yellow Line of the Lisbon Metro.
Lisbon Metro stations
Hurricane Tomas

Hurricane Tomas was the nineteenth storm and twelfth hurricane of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season. Winds peaked at 100 mph. Tomas cut across the Eastern Caribbean and took 65 lives (mostly across Cuba and Hispaniola). The damage totaled $652 million. The name Tomas was then retired and replaced with Tobias, which will be used during 2016 season.
Category 2 Atlantic hurricanes
2010 Atlantic hurricane season
2010 in North America
2010s in Cuba
Retired tropical cyclone names
From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler

From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler is a novel by E. L. Konigsburg that won the Newbery Medal for excellence in American children's literature in 1968.
Story
This book tells the story of Claudia Kincaid, an 11-year-old girl who feels unappreciated by her parents. She decides to run away from home just long enough to show her family what they would be missing without her. Unfortunately, she does not enjoy hardship or discomfort, so running away has lots of problems. To solve this problem, Claudia decides to stay at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. She tells her brother Jamie to accompany her: he's quiet, but most importantly, he has a secret stash of cash he's gotten by cheating at card games with his best friend, Bruce.
Much of the first part of the novel details how Claudia and Jamie settle in at the museum: blending in with school groups on field trips during the day to get a free presentation, hiding in the restroom at closing time to stay there, and emerging at night to bathe in the fountain and sleep on antique beds. During their stay, they become fascinated with the newest exhibit: a beautiful statue of an angel, thought to have been crafted by Michelangelo. Their time and money are spent trying to find the secret of the statue, hidden somewhere in the unorganized files of the statue's old owner, Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler, who lives in Farmington, Connecticut.
She says,"You can know the secret only if you can find the truth from my mixed up files." They find the truth under the file "Bologna". They go home, and by their choice, Jamie and Claudia turn out to be the grandchildren of Mrs Frankweiler's lawyer, Saxonberg.
In other media
This novel was made into a movie in 1973, starring Ingrid Bergman in the title role. It later became a made-for-TV movie in 1995, starring Lauren Bacall in the title role.
In the television series The Simpsons, the plot was mimicked in the episodes "Smart and Smarter," in which Lisa hides in a local science museum in embarrassment at finding her baby sister is smarter than she, and the episode "Last Tap Dance in Springfield" features Bart and Milhouse hiding out in the shopping mall for one week while on a camping trip. The movie The Royal Tenenbaums has a scene in which characters Margot and Richie hide in a museum; in the movie's DVD commentary, Wes Anderson states that this was an homage to the novel, the aquarium.
References
Other websites
E.L. Konigsburg at Houghton Mifflin Eduplace website
Children's books
Newbery Medal winning books
Jim Dwyer (journalist)

Jim Dwyer (March 4, 1957 - October 8, 2020) was an American journalist. He was a reporter and columnist with The New York Times, and the author or co-author of six non-fiction books. In 1992 and 1995, he won the Pulitzer Prize.
Dwyer wrote columns for New York Newsday and the New York Daily News before joining the Times. He appeared in the 2012 documentary movie Central Park Five. He was born in New York City.
Dwyer died of lung cancer in New York City on October 8, 2020 at the age of 63.
References
Pulitzer Prize winners
1957 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
American columnists
Journalists from New York City
Taissa Farmiga

Taissa Farmiga (born August 17, 1994) is an American actress. She has appeared in movies and television shows such as The Nun and American Horror Story.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
1994 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Feminist Anti-War Resistance

Feminist Anti-War Resistance (FAR, Russian: Feministskoe antivoennoe soprotivlenie) is a group of Russian feminists founded in February 2022 to protest the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 during the Russo-Ukrainian War. Attracting more than 26,000 followers on Telegram.
On March 8, 2022, International Women's Day, the Feminist Anti-War Resistance organized the laying of flowers by women -- chrysanthemums and tulips tied with blue and yellow ribbons -- near the war monuments:"We, the women of Russia, refuse to celebrate March 8 this year: do not give us flowers, it is better to take to the streets and lay them in memory of the fallen civilians of Ukraine."Protests took place in 94 cities in Russia and abroad, including St. Petersburg, Moscow, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg, Perm, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yaroslavl, Syktyvkar, Smolensk, Izhevsk, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod, Gelendzhik, Kazan, Saratov, Biysk, Khimki, Chelyabinsk, Krasnodar, Novovoronezh, Vologda, Vladimir, Stavropol, Arkhangelsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Rostov-on-Don, Cheboksary, etc.
References
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Feminism
2022 establishments in Europe
Rose black spot

Rose back spot is a fungus that affects rose plants.
As the name suggests, the disease creates black spots on the leaves of the rose plant. If the plant is very badly affected, the leaves will look fully black.
How It Is Transmitted: The fungus thrives in wet and windy conditions.
Symptoms: Purple or black spots appear on the leaves; leaves may turn yellow and then drop off. The rate at which the plant can photosynthesise is greatly affected and the plant does not thrive.
Cause: fungus
Treatment/Prevention: Spray the plant with an insecticide and fungicide.
Fungal diseases
Riemann zeta function

In mathematics, the Riemann zeta function is an important function in number theory. It is related to the distribution of prime numbers. It also has uses in other areas such as physics, probability theory, and applied statistics. It is named after the German mathematician Bernhard Riemann, who wrote about it in the memoir "On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Quantity", published in 1859.
The Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture about the distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. Many mathematicians consider the Riemann hypothesis to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics.
In the year 2000, the Clay Mathematics Institute included the Riemann hypothesis as one of their Millennium Prize Problems, promising a reward of US$1 million to anyone who could solve it.
Definition
When using mathematical symbols to describe the Riemann zeta function, it is represented as an analytic continuation of infinite series:
where is the real part of the complex number . For example, if , then (where ).
This makes a sequence. The first few terms of this sequence would be,
and so on
However, this doesn't apply for numbers where , since if we interpret this function as an infinite sum, the sum does not converge. Instead, it diverges. This means that instead of nearing a specific value, it will get infinitely large. Riemann used analytic continuation, so that he could give a value to all numbers except 1. does not have a limit in that point and thus the function is not defined there.
Leonhard Euler discovered the first results about the series that this function represents in the eighteenth century. He proved that the Zeta function can be written as an infinite product of prime numbers. In mathematical notation:
This is an infinite product. means that only prime numbers are included in the product. The first few terms of the product would look like:
Zeros, the critical line, and the Riemann hypothesis
Mathematicians are interested in those values of for which the function is equal to zero. The Riemann hypothesis conjectures that all the "non-trivial zeros" lie on the critical line , meaning they are guessed to be of the form for some real value t. It is already known that all of the non-trivial zeroes must lie in a region called the "critical strip" for which . So far, all of the computed nontrivial zeros are on the critical line.
Proving or disproving the hypothesis has been very difficult, and is still troubling mathematicians to this day.
Proof of the Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function
Repeating for the next term:
Subtracting again we get:
where all elements having a factor of 3 or 2 (or both) are removed.
It can be seen that the right side is being sieved. Repeating infinitely for where is prime, we get:
Dividing both sides by everything but the z(s) we obtain:
Related pages
P-series
References
Functions and mappings
Number theory
Simon von Stampfer

Simon von Stampfer (26 October 1790 or 1792 - 10 November 1864) was an Austrian mathematician, surveyor and inventor. He was also a professor at what is now named the Technical University of Vienna today. He was one inventor of the stroboscopic disc. The disc was the first tool to use many pictures to show a moving image. In 1822, he married Johanna Wagner. They had two children. In 1850, both died of tuberculosis. His wife died of tuberculosis in 1856. In 1864, he died of a stroke.
1790s births
1864 deaths
Austrian mathematicians
Inventors
Westford, Vermont

Westford is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Johnson Suleman

Johnson Suleman (born on 24 March 1971) is a Nigerian pastor, leader and founder of Omega Fire Ministries International, a church based in Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria. Popularly known as Apostle Johnson Suleman, he is one of the most controversial Nigerian religious figures of our time, especially with his sex scandals.
On 4 February 2023, Isaiah Ogedegbe seemed to have defended Johnson Suleman against his sex scandal, describing him as "innocent".
Earlier in February 2023, Johnson Suleman wrote on his Twitter page that the 2023 general election "will be a deciding factor for generations unborn", calling on Nigerians to go to the polling unit on the day of the election to cast votes and ensure their votes are counted.
Criticisms
In January 2023, Portable criticized Johnson Suleman over his convoy attack in one of his songs. He has also been criticized over his "public declarations" as it concerns public policies in Nigeria.
References
1971 births
Nigerian Christian clergy
People from Edo State
Ngarchelong

Ngarchelong is a state in Palau. It is at the norther tip of the island of Babeldaob. Only the state of Kayangel is farther north than Ngarchelong.
Demography
According to the 2015 census of Palau, 316 people live in the state. The median age of the people living in the state is 37.2 years. The official languages of the state are Palauan and English. The high chief from the state is called uongerchetei.
With a population slightly under 320 people, it the seventh most populated of Palau's sixteen states/ It is ranked thirteenth in area with only about of land. The village of Mengellang is the capital of the state. The villiage is in the south of the state. Mengellang and Ollei are the main population centers of the state.
References
Palau
All-you-can-eat restaurant

An all-you-can-eat restaurant (AYCE) is a restaurant where any amount of food can be eaten for one price. They are often buffets.
Buffets
Herbert "Herb" Cobb McDonald, a Las Vegas publicity and entertainment manager, introduced the idea in 1946. William Pearson talked about buffets in his 1965 novel The Muses of Ruin:
A 2011 study showed more food is eaten if buffets cost more.
COVID-19 restrictions from March 2020 briefly closed many all-you-can-eat places.
Other restaurants
Korean barbecue, Brazilian churrasco and Chinese hot pot are often all-you-can-eat.
Drinks
Unlimited drinks, mostly alcoholic drinks, are "all-you-can-drink" or "bottomless", as in "bottomless brunch" or "bottomless mimosas".
References
Restaurants
Marcelo Martins Moreno

Marcelo Martins Moreno (born 18 June 1987 in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia), known as Marcelo Martins or Marcelo Moreno, is a Bolivian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Cruzeiro and the Bolivia national football team.
Honours
Club
Vitoria
Campeonato Baiano: 2005, 2007
Cruzeiro
Campeonato Mineiro: 2008, 2014
Campeonato Brasileiro Serie A: 2014
Shakhtar Donetsk
UEFA Cup: 2008-09
Ukrainian Premier League: 2010-11
Flamengo
Copa do Brasil: 2013
Individual
Copa Libertadores de America Top Goalscorer: 2008
1987 births
Living people
Bolivian footballers
Tainan County

Tainan County (Chinese:Tai Nan Xian ; Taiwanese: Tai-lam-koan) is a county in Southern Taiwan . The name "Tainan" means simply "Southern Taiwan".
Townships
Related pages
List of counties of Republic of China
Other websites
Government website | (English)
Counties of Taiwan
Lady Marmalade

"Lady Marmalade" is a R&B single. It was first performed by Patti LaBelle and her group Labelle. The song is about a prostitute in New Orleans. The Labelle version was released on August 3, 1974.
The song hit #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for one week.
The song has been covered by other musicians, including All Saints, Christina Aguilera and many more. A 2001 version from Christina Aguilera, Lil' Kim, Mya, and Pink was part of the movie Moulin Rouge!.
1974 songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Labelle songs
Christina Aguilera songs
All Saints (group) songs
New Orleans in fiction
Pink (singer) songs
Lil' Kim songs
Mya songs
R&B songs
Songs about prostitutes
Joseph Shivers

Joseph Clois Shivers, Jr. (November 29, 1920 - September 1, 2014) was an American textile chemist. He was from West Chester, Pennsylvania. Shivers was best known for developing Spandex.
On September 1, 2014, Shivers died in Venice, Florida, aged 93.
References
1920 births
2014 deaths
American chemists
Scientists from New Jersey
Scientists from Pennsylvania
Harmonic damper

A harmonic damper is a device connected to the free end of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. It is needed in engines with long crankshafts, such as straight-8 engines. It is used on most engines to reduce torsional vibrations that can occure at certain speeds.
Construction
The damper consists of an inner hub attached to the end of the crankshaft. A round mass is attached to the hub by an elastic material. This becomes a spring-mass-damper system. By selection of the damping material and the size of the mass, the damper can be made to quiet the torsional vibrations. The overall appearance is that of a thick disk.
Motors
Mercer County, Ohio

Mercer County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. In 2010, 40,814 people lived there. The county seat is Celina.
References
1820s establishments in Ohio
1824 establishments in Ohio
Ohio counties
Sonmiani Bay

Sonmiani Bay is found on the Arabian Sea in Lasbela District, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Geography of Pakistan
Bays
Tommy Page

Thomas Alden "Tommy" Page (May 24, 1970 - March 3, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter and pianist. He was best known for his 1990 hit single, "I'll Be Your Everything". He later became a music industry executive for Billboard magazine.
Career
Page worked with many artists such as New Kids on the Block, Sa-Fire, La Casa, Sally Yeh, Donna De Lory, Amy Mastura, Ashley Tisdale, Tiffany, Green Day, Michael Buble, Alanis Morissette, Josh Groban, and David Foster.
Page was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey and raised in West Caldwell, New Jersey. He studied at James Caldwell High School. Page had three children with his partner, Charlie.
Page died on March 3, 2017 in New York City in an apparent suicide, aged 46.
References
Other websites
1970 births
2017 deaths
Suicides in the United States
American singer-songwriters
American pianists
People from Glen Ridge, New Jersey
Musicians from New Jersey
Singers from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Five Star Final

Five Star Final is a 1931 American crime drama movie directed by Mervyn LeRoy and was based on the 1930 play of the same name by Louis Weitzenkorn. It stars Edward G. Robinson, Aline MacMahon, Boris Karloff, H.B. Warner, Anthony Bushell, Oscar Apfel and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1932 and was remade as Two Against the World.
Other websites
1931 drama movies
1930s American crime drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Mervyn LeRoy
Michael J. Pollard

Michael John Pollard (born Michael John Pollack Jr.; May 30, 1939 - November 20, 2019) was an American character actor. He was best known for playing C.W. Moss in the 1967 movie Bonnie and Clyde. The role earned him an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination.
Pollard died of cardiac arrest on November 20, 2019 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 80.
Personal life
Pollard was married to actress Beth Howland, In 2010, Pollard stated that he was Bisexual.
References
Other websites
1939 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New Jersey
People from Passaic, New Jersey
Bisexual people
Seville Cathedral

Seville Cathedral is one of the famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain. It is in Seville state. It is the third largest cathedral in the world and the largest Gothic style cathedral. It was consecrated in 1507. In 1987, UNESCO added this church as a World Heritage site.
In the early 16th century, Hagia Sophia made the church into a mosque. At that time, the cathedral was the largest church or cathedral in the world. Christopher Columbus is buried in this church.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Official website
Interactive 360deg panorama from Plaza del Triunfo with Cathedral, Alcazar and Archivo General de Indias (Java, highres, 0,9 MB)
acred-destinations
More information of Seville Cathedral as the monument of Spain
Great Building Website with more information about Seville Cathedral
Bluffton University images and details pertaining to Catedral de Sevilla
Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain
12 Treasures of Spain
15th-century buildings and structures
Oggiono

Oggiono is a comune in the Province of Lecco in the Lombardy region in Italy. Lago di Annone is on its borders.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Oreo

The Oreo is a cookie sandwich or cream biscuit. It is made by the Nabisco division of Mondelez International. The cookie has a sweet, white filling of "creme" or "cream". The creme is in between two circle-shaped chocolate or golden cookie pieces.
Oreos come in many different flavours like chocolate, vanilla, red velvet, caramel coconut, chocolate marshmallow and many more.
The origin of the name "Oreo" is not known, but there are many ideas for why they are called that. It may have been named after a plant genus called Oreodaphne, but it could be named after the French word or (which means gold in English) and it could be named after the Greek word (), which means 'nice' or 'attractive'.
References
Cookies
Berat County

The County of Berat is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It has the districts Berat, Kucove, and Skrapar. Its capital is Berat. It is 123 km south of Tirana, the capital of Albania.
References
Counties of Albania
Young Love (Air Supply song)

"Young Love" is a 1982 song by English-American band Air Supply. It is the second single from their seventh studio album Now and Forever. It went to number 38 in the United States but when to number 3 on the Canadian Adult Contemporary charts and number 13 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary charts.
Track listing
U.S. 7-inch single
A. "Young Love" - 3:46
B. "She Never Heard You Call" - 3:24
References
1982 songs
1980s ballads
Air Supply songs
Soft rock songs
Patrioticheskaya Pesnya

"The Patriotic Song" (, ) was the anthem of the Russian SFSR and then of the Russian Federation from 1990 to 2000.
Proposed lyrics
"Be Glorious, Russia!"
"Above the Fatherland Majestically"
References
Anthems of Soviet Socialist Republics
Historical anthems
Russian anthems
Cheng Shuang

Cheng Shuang (; born February 11, 1987) is a Chinese female aerial skier who took part in the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Cheng won the gold medal at the 2011 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships.
References
1987 births
Living people
Chinese Olympians
Skiers
Married to the Mob

Married to the Mob is a 1988 American gangster romantic comedy movie. It was directed by Jonathan Demme. The story is about a woman trying to distance herself from Mafia networks. Michelle Pfeiffer, Joan Cusack and Nancy Travis are in the cast. The reviews of this movie were very positive. The box office intake was very high for this movie. The film was released on August 19, 1988, by Orion Pictures.
Other websites
1988 crime movies
1988 romantic comedy movies
1980s criminal comedy movies
American criminal comedy movies
American gangster movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Jonathan Demme
Movies set in Miami
Movies set in New York City
Ébouleau

Ebouleau is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Jimmy Cliff

Jimmy Cliff (born James Chambers; 30 July 1944) is a Jamaican ska and reggae musician, singer and actor. He is best known for his songs "Wonderful World, Beautiful People", "Many Rivers to Cross", "You Can Get It If You Really Want", "The Harder They Come", "Reggae Night" and "Hakuna Matata". He is also well known for his covers of Cat Stevens' "Wild World" and Johnny Nash's "I Can See Clearly Now" from the movie Cool Runnings (1993). He also appeared in the movies The Harder They Come (1972) and Club Paradise (1986).
Cliff was born in Somerton District, Saint James. He was a Christian before becoming a Muslim. He is no longer religious. He is married has a daughter Lilty Cliff and a son Aken Cliff.
References
Other websites
1948 births
Living people
Converts to Islam
Jamaican singers
Jamaican reggae musicians
Know-Nothing Party

The American Party, commonly known as the Know-Nothing Party, was an American nativist political party that operated in the mid-1850s. It was originally anti-Catholic, prejudiced against other nationalities, and against immigration. The movement was briefly a major political party in the form of the American Party. Followers of the movement were to reply "I know nothing" when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its most common name.
The Know-Nothings believed a "Romanist" conspiracy was in progress, trying to undermine the power and authority of civil and religious liberty in the United States and wanted to politically organize native-born Protestants in a defense of their traditional religious and political values. It is remembered for this theme because of fears by Protestants that Catholic priests and bishops would control a large amount of voters. In most places, Know-Nothingism lasted only a year or two before disintegrating because of weak local leaders, few publicly declared national leaders and a deep split over the issue of slavery. In the South, the party did not focus on anti-Catholicism, but was the main alternative to the dominant Democratic Party.
The collapse of the Whig Party after the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed left an opening for a new major party in to oppose the Democrats. The Know-Nothings elected congressman Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts and many others in the 1854 elections and created a new party known as the American Party. Particularly in the South, the American Party served as a party for politicians who disagreed with the Democratic Party. Many also hoped that it would seek a middle ground between the pro-slavery positions of many Democratic politicians and the anti-slavery positions of the emerging Republican Party. The American Party nominated former President Millard Fillmore in the 1856 presidential election, although he kept quiet about his membership. Fillmore received 21.5% of the popular vote in the 1856 presidential election, finishing behind the Democratic and Republican nominees.
The party quickly declined after the 1856 election. The 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford decision further aroused opposition to slavery in the North, where many Know Nothings joined the Republicans. Most of the remaining members of the party supported the Constitutional Union Party in the 1860 presidential election.
Political parties in the United States
Bitstamp

Bitstamp is a cryptocurrency exchange based company in Luxembourg. It enable USD, EUR, GBP, bitcoin, XRP, Ether, litecoin, bitcoin cash, XLM, Link, OMG Network, USD Coin or PAX deposits and withdrawals.
History
Nejc Kodric is the CEO of the company. He is widely known member of the bitcoin community. Bitstamp outsourced certain operations to the UK due to the insufficient financial and legal services in Slovenia.
Started by Nejc Kodric and Damijan Merlak in August 2011, the company's first base was in a Slovenian garage with just a server, a couple of laptops and a thousand euros in capital.
In June 2014, Bitstamp was awarded the Best Virtual Currency Startup at the Europas
Bitstamp was one of the first exchanges to implement multi-signature technology for its hot wallet. It was also an early adopter of Bitcoin's SegWit soft fork for lower fees in 2017, and it instituted one of the first insurance funds, secured in cold storage, to reimburse its customers in the event of a hack.
In July 2017, Bitstamp partnered with Swissquote, a well-respected analytical and finance firm to provide their customers BTC-USD and BTC-EUR trading pairs.
References
Companies of Luxembourg
Union County, New Jersey

Union County is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 575,345. The county seat is Elizabeth.
References
19th-century establishments in New Jersey
1857 establishments in the United States
New Jersey counties
Anna-Lena Löfgren

Anna-Lena Lofgren, born 1 May 1944, dead 21 May 2010, was a singer from Stockholm, Sweden. Between 1962 and 1995, she scored more than 40 Svensktoppen hit songs. During the 1960s, she also scored successes in the German-speaking world.
References
Other websites
1944 births
2010 deaths
Singers from Stockholm
PAW Patrol: The Movie

PAW Patrol: The Movie is a Canadian 3D computer-animated movie directed by Cal Brunker. It was released on August 20, 2021 in the United States and Canada and in UK August 9, 2021. The movie is based on the television series PAW Patrol created by Keith Chapman. Several cast members from the original series reprised their roles, including Kingsley Marshall, Keegan Hedley, Shayle Simons, Lilly Bartlam, and Ron Pardo (voicing both Cap'n Turbot and Mayor Humdinger). They are joined by newcomers Iain Armitage, Marsai Martin, Yara Shahidi, Kim Kardashian, Randall Park, Dax Shepard, Tyler Perry, Jimmy Kimmel, and Will Brisbin in his first acting role.
In the movie, Ryder and the pups are called to Adventure City to stop Mayor Humdinger from turning the bustling metropolis into a state of chaos. A sequel, titled PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie, is scheduled to be released on September 29, 2023, featuring elements from the Mighty Pups sub-theme of the main show.
References
2021 computer-animated movies
3D movies
Canadian animated movies
Movies about dogs
Diana DeGette

Diana Louise DeGette (; born July 29, 1957) is an American lawyer and politician. She is the U.S. representative for since 1997. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
DeGette was a Chief Deputy Whip from 2005 to 2019 and is the dean of Colorado's congressional delegation.
She was the Colorado State Representative for the 6th district from 1993 until her election to the U.S. House.
DeGette was born in Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan, the daughter of American parents. She graduated from Colorado College and New York University.
References
1957 births
Living people
United States representatives from Colorado
Lawyers from Denver
Politicians from Denver
Politicians from Tokyo
Democratic Party (United States) politicians