pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Alvin Sargent

Alvin Sargent (April 12, 1927 - May 9, 2019) was an American screenwriter. He won two Academy Awards in 1978 and 1981 for his screenplays of Julia and Ordinary People.
Sargent died on May 9, 2019 in Seattle, Washington at the age of 92.
References
Other websites
Academy Award winning writers
1927 births
2019 deaths
American screenwriters
Writers from Philadelphia
Fernandina Beach, Florida

Fernandina Beach is the county seat of Nassau County, Florida in the United States.
Cities in Florida
County seats in Florida
Nassau County, Florida
Gabriel Urgebadze

Gabriel (), born Goderdzi Urgebadze (; 26 August 1929 - 2 November 1995) was a Georgian Orthodox archimandrite. Saint of Orthodox Church.
References
Literature
"Confessor of Christ in present day Georgia", The Orthodox Word, 1992, USA
Other websites
Official website: www.monkgabriel.ge
1929 births
1995 deaths
Christian saints
Monks
People from Tbilisi
Eastern Orthodox Christians
Christian clergy from Georgia (country)
Georges Lemaître

Monsignor Georges Lemaitre (Georges Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaitre, 17 July 1894 - 20 June 1966) was a Belgian priest, astronomer , mathematician and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Louvain.
He was the first person to say the Universe is growing. Some people think it was Edwin Hubble, but that is not correct. Lemaitre was also the first to make the Hubble's law and the Hubble constant.
Lemaitre also started what became known as the Big Bang theory of the origin of the Universe. He called it his 'hypothesis of the primeval atom'.
References
1894 births
1966 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian astronomers
Belgian mathematicians
Belgian physicists
Belgian priests
People from Charleroi
Pérouse

Perouse is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Territoire de Belfort
Liaoning

Liaoning is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. The capital city of Liaoning province is Shenyang. From 1931 to 1945 Japan ruled Liaoning as part of Manchukuo.
Location
Liaoning province is the southernmost province of Manchuria (the three northeastern most provinces of China), which together, along with the "Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region", form the entire northeastern part of China.
It is bordered on the northeast by Jilin province, and has a coastline along the Yellow Sea to the southeast. Hebei province and Beijing lie to the southwest.
Dalian is a major port city at the southern tip of a peninsula which juts about 100km south into the Yellow Sea.
Provinces of China
Barrinha

Barrinha is a municipality in the state of Sao Paulo in Brazil founded on December 30, 1953. The population is 32,465 as of 2022 in an area of 146 km2. The elevation is 505 m.
References
Municipalities in Sao Paulo (state)
Instinctive drowning response

The instinctive drowning response is a reaction humans have when they are close to drowning. The response is more common in non-swimmers.
It is focused on trying to keep the mouth above water to without using too much effort, and trying to signal for help
Medical emergencies
Shoko Asahara

, born , was a Japanese terrorist. He was the founder of the Japanese doomsday cult group Aum Shinrikyo. Asahara was convicted for being the mastermind behind the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack and several other crimes, for which he was sentenced to death in 2004.
In June 2012, his execution was postponed due to further arrests of Aum Shinrikyo members. He was executed by hanging on July 6, 2018.
References
Other websites
Aleph : the organization's official website, with an English section
A Japan Times article about two documentary films on Aleph.
BBC link & photos
IMDB: Documentary films A (1998) and A2 (2001) by Tatsuya Mori
1955 births
2018 deaths
Japanese murderers
Terrorists
People executed by hanging
Executed people
I Shardana

I Shardana is an Italian opera in three acts, with music and libretto by Ennio Porrino. It was first performed in Naples, on March 8, 1959. It is by far Porrino's most successful work. It has recently been rediscovered.
Principal characters
Gonnario - bass
Nibatta - mezzo-soprano
Torbeno - tenor
Berbera Jonia - soprano
Norace - baritone
Perdu - tenor
Orzocco - baritone
Discography
1960: Ferruccio Mazzoli (Gonnario), Oralia Dominguez (Nibatta), Gastone Limarilli (Torbeno), Marta Pender (Berbera Jonia), Piero Guelfi (Norace), Antonio Galie (Perdu), Vinicio Cocchieri (Orzocco); Orchestra Sinfonica e Coro di Roma della RAI, Armando La Rosa Parodi - (Decca)
2013: Manrico Signorini (Gonnario), Alessandra Palomba (Nibatta), Angelo Villari (Torbeno), Paoletta Marrocu (Berbera Jonia), Domenico Balzani (Norace), Gabriele Mangione (Perdu), Gianpiero Ruggeri (Orzocco); Orchestra e Coro del Teatro Lirico di Cagliari, Anthony Bramall - (Dynamic)
References
1959 works
1950s operas
Roquiague

Roquiague is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Roquiague
Le Russey

Le Russey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Islamic studies

Islamic studies is a term that can mean two different things.
"Islamic studies" can mean researching or learning any topic in a way that agrees with Islamic knowledge. It includes all the traditional forms of religious thought, such as Kalam (Islamic theology) and Fiqh (Islamic law). It also looks at areas of study that look at secular topics from an Islamic understanding. For example, Islamic science and Islamic economics.
"Islamic studies" can also mean studying the history of Islam and Islamic philosophy. Academics from many different disciplines (areas of study) study and share knowledge on Muslim societies as it is today and as it has been in the past. Some non-Muslim scholars have written works which are read by many Muslims. Before 1980, such non-Muslim scholars in this field had been called "Islamicists". The field of study was often a part of Oriental studies It is now more often said to be a part of Asian studies. Many universities have degrees on the subject of Islamic studies.
Asian studies
National teams world champions (football)

This article collects the national teams world champions FIFA. The two competitions that award said official title was the two Olympic Tournaments of 1924 and 1928 (organised by the IOC together FIFA) and the current FIFA World Cup (from 1930).
History
Uruguay in the international plane has attained two World Cup (the first edition of 1930 and the edition of 1950) and has won two Gold Medals in the Olympic Games (in 1924 and 1928), the two only editions recognised by FIFA like championships of the world (until 2021, when the recognition was placed sub iudice). The decision took in 1924.
Although the FIFA does not promote the statistical unification of the tournaments, the legitimacy of the titles also was coming confirmed by the fact that the world-wide federation allowed to the National football team of Uruguay to show 4 stars in the T-shirt (also in the 2018 FIFA World Cup, unlike other teams that are used to plant the stars to evoke continental triumphs, as traditionally they do the African selections). According to the regulation of the FIFA, each star is equivalent to a world-wide conquered.
Another confirmation was coming from of a book published by the FIFA and that contains a section that certifies, with vintage official documents, the position of Uruguay like four times "World Champion of the FIFA".
In 2021, FIFA asked the Uruguayan federation to remove 2 stars from the game uniform. This was confirmed by the director of competitions and member of the Executive Council of the Uruguayan Football Association, Jorge Casales. Casales stated that the AUF will try to appeal the decision, showing that the two championships Olympics of 1924 and 1928, were recognized as world championships. The media wrote that the decision would be made by the FIFA Council as in the case of the Intercontinental Cup. In October, FIFA definitively recognized the world titles in question as official.
List by winners
Olympic tournament (official name in English)
Men's Olympic Football Tournament)
Officially recognized by FIFA as the world-wide title.
Related pages
List of world champion football clubs
References
FIFA
Football competitions
Nicole Leach

Nicolle Rochelle (born May 10, 1979), often credited professionally as Nicole Leach (especially early in her career), is an American actress, dancer, activist and jazz singer. She is known for her appearances on television including The Cosby Show, Third Watch, and Law & Order.
On Monday April 9, 2018, Rochelle was arrested for protesting comedian Bill Cosby while topless outside a Norristown, Pennsylvania courthouse where a sexual assault trial against Cosby was being held.
References
Other websites
1979 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American dancers
American activists
American jazz singers
Actors from New Jersey
Singers from New Jersey
People from Livingston, New Jersey
Arch of Triumph (1948 movie)

Arch of Triumph is a 1948 American World War II romantic drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and based on the 1945 novel of the same name by Erich Maria Remarque. It stars Ingrid Bergman, Charles Boyer, Charles Laughton, Ruth Warrick, Norman Lloyd, Stephen Bekassy and was distributed by United Artists. It was remade in 1985 for a Television film.
Other websites
1948 war movies
1948 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
Movies set in Paris
Ōsumi Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Kyushu. It was sometimes called .
Osumi had borders with Hyuga and Satsuma Provinces.
The ancient capital city of the province was near Kokubu.
History
In 713 (Wado 6, 3rd month), the land of Osumi Province was separated from Hyuga.
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Osumi Province were reformed in the 1870s.
Japan's first satellite was named Osumi. It was launched February 11, 1970.
Shrines and Temples
Kagoshima jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Osumi.
Related pages
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
Osumi Seamount
References
Other websites
Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Former provinces of Japan
Kagoshima Prefecture
Raccoon butterflyfish

The raccoon butterflyfish (Chaetodon lunula), is a species of marine ray-finned fish. It is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Other names
This fish is also known as the crescent-masked butterflyfish, lunule butterflyfish, halfmoon butterflyfish, moon butterflyfish, raccoon butterfly, raccoon, raccoon coralfish, and redstriped butterflyfish.
References and notes
Perciformes
Open Handset Alliance

The Open Handset Alliance, also called OHA by many people, is a business alliance. It includes 80 companies to help improve open standards for mobile phones. Members of this include Google, HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Samsung, LG, T-Mobile, Nvidia, and Wind River Systems.
History
The OHA was started on 5 November 2007 by Google and 34 other companies. The companies included mobile phone manufacturers, application developers, mobile network operators and processor makers.
Android is the main software of the alliance.
References
Google enters the wireless world
Google's wireless initiatives go beyond Android
Other websites
Open Handset Alliance official site
Google's Android and the Open Handset Alliance (Exxplain.com video)
Mobile phone companies
Cara Cunningham

Cara Cunningham (formerly Chris Crocker; born December 7, 1987) is an American internet celebrity and singer. She is best known for her viral video on video sharing website YouTube. For her video entitled "Leave Britney Alone", she got over 30 million views. She has also appeared on the Maury Povich TV program. Prior to beginning her transition, Cunningham felt she could not be open or public about her gender identify and felt she had to present herself as gay, but she is heterosexual. She often spoken of how hard it was growing up gay or transgender in eastern Tennessee. In 2008 Crocker released her first single "Mind in the Gutter". In 2012 a documentary about Crocker, Me at the Zoo was shown at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival.
References
Other websites
Gay men
American YouTubers
LGBT people from Tennessee
LGBT singers
Singers from Tennessee
1987 births
Living people
American bloggers
Walkie-talkie

A walkie-talkie is a hand held device, two way radio receiver/transmitter. It was developed in the second world war.
Radio engineer Alfred J. Gross worked on the early technology behind the walkie-talkie between 1934 and 1941. During the war it was developed by Donald L. Hings and engineering teams at Motorola led by Henryk Magnuski.
Typical walkie-talkies today are phone sized and have a push to talk button. Walkie-talkie are used for various reasons, in the military, for amateur radio, and for personal use.
History
The first walkie-talkie was so large it had to be carried in a backpack, and was called Motorola SCR-300. Motorola also made other Walkie-talkies during World War Two. During World War Two The first hand-held Walkie-talkies were also developed by Mortorola during WWII.
Development
The idea of walkie-talkies did not get much interest until the war started in 1939. After a few years the Motorola team had improved them, so that the army could use them. There were also vehicle and tank versions. The British, Germans and Americans all had their own versions.
Motorola also produced the hand-held AM SCR-536 radio during World War II, and it was called the "handie-talkie" (HT). The terms are often confused today, but the original walkie talkie referred to the back mounted model, while the handie-talkie was the device which could be held entirely in the hand (but had vastly reduced range).
Uses
Walkie-talkies are widely used in many settings, business, police force, military and recreation.
References
Radio
Messaging
Telecommunications
Beijing Guoan F.C.

Beijing Guoan F.C. (Chinese: Bei Jing Guo An ; Pinyin: Beijing Guo'an) is a Chinese professional association football club based in the Chaoyang District of Beijing, China. The club currently plays in the Chinese Super League. Beijing Guoan also plays in the Workers' Stadium (which has a capacity of 66,161 people).
The club was formed professionally on 29 December 1992 as the Beijing Football Club, and they have won many titles since.
Honours
All-time honours list including semi-professional Beijing period.
Chinese Super League
Winners: 2009
Runners Up (2): 2011, 2014
Chinese Jia-A League
Winners (5): 1957, 1958, 1973, 1982, 1984
Chinese FA Cup
Winners (4): 1985, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2018
Chinese FA Super Cup
Winners (2): 1997, 2003
Other websites
Official website
Stats on Sohu
Stats on Sina
Beijing Guoan Youth Football Development
References
Chinese football clubs
1992 establishments in Asia
Sport in Beijing
1990s establishments in China
Cappelle-en-Pévèle

Cappelle-en-Pevele is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,268 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Kristiansand

Kristiansand is a municipality in Norway's Vest-Agder county. Kristiansand was created as a ["city-municipality"] bykommune in 1837.
History
On 29 July 2017 around 70 Nazis held an illegal demonstration and march in [the centre of] Kristiansand, without being opposed by the police; one person who placed himself in the way of the Nazis, and another who demonstrated agaist the Nazis, were removed by the police.
The demonstration [and march] was held by Nordic Resistance Movement (en).
References
Other websites
Cities in Norway
Municipalities of Norway
Blue Mound, Texas

Blue Mound is a city in Tarrant County, Texas in the United States.
Cities in Texas
Settlements in Tarrant County, Texas
Helix pomatia

Helix pomatia is the edible snail, also known as the 'Burgundy' or 'Roman' snail. It is a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod in the family Helicidae. It is cooked and eaten as an escargot.
Gastropods
Cabrillo Beach

Cabrillo Beach is a historic beach in San Pedro, California.
Cabrillo has two separate beach areas.
Lifeguards
Los Angeles City and Los Angeles County Lifeguards are responsible for the beach and ocean safety in and around the Cabrillo Beach area.
Geography
Cabrillo Beach is next to the Los Angeles Harbor and is only a short boat ride away from Catalina Island.
Water Sports
Cabrillo Beach is a popular destination for those interested in water sports, such as windsurfing, kayaking and SCUBA diving.
Cabrillo Beach is known by windsurfers as "Hurricane Gulch" because of its predictably strong winds.
Landmarks
It is also home to a few famous landmarks, namely the 1.75 mile Los Angeles Breakwater which ends at the Angeles Gate Lighthouse, the recently restored Cabrillo Beach Bathhouse, and the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium. The Angels Gate Lighthouse is home to the annual Angel's Gate Lighthouse Swim competition, held by Lifeguards and San Pedro residents each summer.
Beaches of California
Geography of Los Angeles
Mark Murphy

Mark Murphy (March 14, 1932 - October 22, 2015) was an American jazz singer. He was born in Syracuse, New York, but spent most of his life in New Jersey.
He was won the 1996, 1997, 2000, and 2001 Down Beat magazine readers jazz poll for Best Male Vocalist of the Year. During his career, he had six Grammy award nominations for Best Vocal Jazz Performance. He was also known for his original lyrics to the jazz classics "Stolen Moments" and "Red Clay".
Murphy died on October 22, 2015 in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 83.
References
Other websites
All About Jazz
1932 births
2015 deaths
American jazz singers
American jazz musicians
Singers from New York (state)
Musicians from New York (state)
Singers from New Jersey
Musicians from New Jersey
People from Syracuse, New York
Lake Wobegon

Lake Wobegon is a fictional town in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is the setting of Garrison Keillor's News from Lake Wobegon which is part of his weekly radio variety show, A Prairie Home Companion. Keillor tells stories of life in a small Minnesota town every week. The weekly segment is broadcast on National Public Radio and available as a podcast via iTunes.
In Keillor's weekly stories about Lake Wobegon, he describes the town:
He usually starts the stories as "Well, it's been a quiet week in Lake Wobegon, Minnesota, my hometown, out there on the edge of the prairie."
He says about Lake Wobegon "the little town that time forgot, and the decades cannot improve."
He ends the stories by "Well, that's the news from Lake Wobegon, where all the women are strong, all the men are good looking, and all the children are above average."
References
Fictional locations
Radio programs
Minnesota in fiction
La Chapelotte

La Chapelotte is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. About 136 people lived there in January 2019.
Population
References
Communes in Cher
Menander

Menander (; Menandros; c. 342/41 - c. 290 BC) was a Greek dramatist. He is the best-known of Athenian "New Comedy".
He wrote 108 comedies,. He took the prize at the Lenaia festival eight times. His record at the Dionysia is unknown.
Although he was one of the most popular writers of antiquity, his work was lost during the Middle Ages. It is known now in fragments, many of which were discovered in the 20th century. Only one play, Dyskolos, has survived almost entirely.
References
Ancient Greek writers
340s BC births
290s BC deaths
Hailstone

A hailstone is a round ball of ice which falls out of a storm cloud. About 5,000 hailstorms a year in the United States of America make hail 3/4 of an inch or larger.
The beginning of a hailstorm
A hailstone begins as a small water drop or a round snow pellet in a cloud. The drop grows by collecting many cloud drops. The little drop is blown by a strong wind inside the cloud to where it meets with some extremely cold water drops. These supercooled drops are still liquid water even though the temperature is below freezing. When the little drop mixes with these extremely cold drops, they join, and the little drop has now become a hailstone.
The little hailstone is thrown up inside the cloud, still collecting other cold drops. The hailstone gets bigger and bigger until it goes to the top of the cloud. Then, because there is no more wind, it falls back down through the cloud. While it is falling it gets even bigger as it bangs into more supercooled drops. If it goes down very fast it can hit the earth at up to 90 mph (144 kph), bouncing like popcorn. If the hailstone hits dirt, it can actually bury itself.
Hailstone sizes
The biggest hailstone recorded in the United States weighed 1.67 pounds (0.75 kg), and was 5.5 inches (14 cm) across. It fell near Coffeyville, Kansas, on September 3, 1970. The biggest recorded hailstone in the world was 4.2 pounds (almost 2 kilograms). It fell in Kazakhstan in Asia.
Hailstones are made of many rings of clear, cloudy ice. The rings show different amounts of freezing on the hailstone. The cloudy ice is because it freezes so quickly, trapping many small air bubbles. The clear rings are made by slow freezing of the water, which lets bubbles escape.
Hail damage and protection
Hail does a very great amount of damage every year. Even small hail with strong winds can crush a field of wheat flat in a few minutes. It sometimes breaks windows, and can dent cars and roofs. Big hailstones can hurt and even kill small animals.
Because hail damages crops, there has been many efforts to stop hail. In the 16th century, farmers used to shoot cannons at thunderstorms, thinking this would destroy the hail. Cloud seeding (trying to make rain by putting dry ice crystals or a kind of smoke in clouds) is the more recent way, but it is expensive and we do not know for sure how well it works. To this day, there is no proved way of stopping hailstorms.
Related pages
Ice pellets
Sleet (disambig page)
References
Other websites
Hail Research Information Center
Hail factsheet
The Economic Costs of Hail Storm Damage NOAA Economics
https://stormmaps.com/pages/hail-impact-reports NOAA Economics
Images
Hail and hailstorms
Major hail event in Brazil
NOAA Hail Reports on Google map (non commercial)
Severe weather
George Dureau

George Dureau (December 28, 1930 - April 7, 2014) was an American visual artist. His career lasted forty years. He was known for charcoal sketches and black and white photography. His work was often called homoerotic. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Dureau died from Alzheimer's disease on April 7, 2014 at the Walden Healthcare Center in Kenner, Louisiana. He was 84 years old.
References
Other websites
George Dureau biography
1930 births
2014 deaths
American artists
American photographers
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Louisiana
People from New Orleans
Airbus A340

The Airbus A340 is a long-range four-engined widebody commercial passenger airplane manufactured by Airbus S.A.S. a subsidiary of EADS. It is similar in design to the twin-engined A330.
There are 4 variants of this model:
The A340-200 (which is the shortest), the A340-300, the A340-500 and the longest one the A340-600. The A340-600 is one of the longest passenger planes in the world.
Having four engines, the A340 uses more fuel than many other aircrafts. However, that also mean it does not have to pass the ETOPS (extended range twin operations) test to fly long range.
The Airbus A340 is no longer in production as it was replaced by the more efficient Airbus A350 XWB.
Airbus aircraft
Meredith MacRae

Meredith Lynn MacRae (May 30, 1944 - July 14, 2000) was an American actress and singer. She played Sally Ann on the show My Three Sons and Billie Jo in Petticoat Junction.
She was born in Houston, Texas. She died of brain cancer in Manhattan Beach, California.
References
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Houston
1944 births
2000 deaths
Pedro Cuatrecasas

Pedro Cuatrecasas (born 27 September 1936) is an Spanish-born American biochemist. He is an Adjunct Professor of Pharmacology & Medicine at the University of California, San Diego. Cuatrecasas was born in Madrid, Spain.
In 1982, he was elected the National Academy of Sciences. In 1987, Cuatrecasas won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1987.
References
Wolf Prize winners
1936 births
Living people
Spanish scientists
American biochemists
People from Madrid
Naturalized citizens of the United States
The Airship, or 100 Years Hence

The Airship, or 100 Years Hence is a 1908 American silent comedy-drama movie directed by J. Stuart Blackton and stars Florence Lawrence and J. Stuart Blackton.
Actors
Florence Lawrence as Airship passenger
J. Stuart Blackton
References
Other websites
American movies
1908 movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
American comedy movies
Simon Fraser University

Simon Fraser University (SFU) is a Canadian university. It has campuses in Burnaby Mountain in Burnaby, Vancouver and Surrey, all in British Columbia. SFU is rated as one of Canada's top universities. It was started in 1965. SFU currently has 24,000 students. The university is named after Simon Fraser. He was an explorer of the Vancouver area.
Overview
Maclean's magazine rated SFU as Canada's best comprehensive university in 1993, 1997, 1998 and 2000. It is usually always at or near the top of the magazine's list. Research Infosource named SFU the top comprehensive university in Canada for "publication effectiveness" in 2006.
Type of university
Like most Canadian universities, SFU is a public university. Fifty-six percent of the money used to run the school comes from taxpayers. Thirty-nine percent comes from tuition fees.
Studies
The university teaches students in six main groups of topics. Applied Sciences, Arts and Social Sciences, Business Administration, Education, Health Sciences, and Science.
In May 2004, the SFU Senate approved the policy on degree requirements that all its undergraduate students must have. SFU was the first Canadian university to do this. The policy was created to make certain students got a more complete education.
Websites
SFU's Official website
Colleges and universities in Canada
Organisations based in Surrey
Vancouver
Rangri dialect (Malvi)

Rangri is a dialect of the Malvi languge spoken in the Himachal Pradesh in India. It has around 1,102,000 speakers.
References
Indo-Aryan languages
C. M. Chang

C. M. Chang (born Chongshen Mongkosungkum Chang; 1 April 1942 - 12 October 2020) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party. He was born in Tuensang, Nagaland. He was a member of the Lok Sabha between 2009 and 2014. He also was a member of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly between 2013 until his death.
Chang died on 12 October 2020 at a hospital in Kohima, Nagaland from COVID-19 at the age of 78.
References
1942 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Indian politicians
Indian Christians
Nagaland
Christian Audigier

Christian Audigier (; May 21, 1958 - July 9, 2015) was a French fashion designer and entrepreneur. He worked for Ed Hardy and Von Dutch. Audigier was born in Avignon, France.
Audigier died in Los Angeles, California from myelodysplastic syndrome, aged 57.
References
Other websites
1958 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
French businesspeople
French fashion designers
People from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
Meng Wanzhou

Meng Wanzhou (; born February 13, 1972; also known as Cathy Meng and Sabrina Meng) is a Chinese business executive. She is the deputy chair of the board and chief financial officer (CFO) of telecom giant and China's largest privately held company, Huawei, founded by her father Ren Zhengfei.
In December 2018, she was arrested in Vancouver for fraud charges.
References
1972 births
Living people
Chinese businesspeople
Canadian businesspeople
Bombay Hindi

Mumbai Hindi, also known as Mumbaiya Hindi, Bambaiyya, Mumbaiyya or Mumbai Hindi-Urdu, is a variety of Hindi-Urdu, spoken in Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India. The words and pronunciations of Bombay Hindi are derived mainly from Hindi and Urdu, collectively known as Hindi-Urdu or Hindustani. In addition, the predominant substratum influence on Bombay is Marathi. Marathi is the official and majority language of Maharashtra. Bombay Hindi also incorporates words from Gujarati and Konkani.
General
Unlike the most local dialects which are used primarily in the metropolitan centres, Bombay Hindi is widely known throughout India, as a result of its frequent use in Bollywood movies. Initially, this dialect was used to represent crooks and uncouth characters. According to Shoma A. Chatterji, "Indian films have the unique quality of different characters speaking different varieties of Hindi according to their social status, their caste, communal identity, education, profession, financial status, etc. [...] The villain's goons, speak in a special vulgarised, Bambaiya Hindi concocted specifically to typify such screen characters in Hindi cinema.". A particular genre of movies, named Munnabhai, in which the lead characters - being members of the Mumbai criminal underworld - speak entirely in this dialect, helped to spread the dialect.
Despite this increase in popularity, there are people who criticize the use of this dialect. Sometimes, Mumbaiya are seen as being disrespectful and demeaning.
Some neologisms which originated in Bambaiya Hindi have spread throughout India. Some examples are the words bindaas (a compound word, constituted from the Marathi words Bin and Dhast = Without Fear. Bindaas means 'relaxed' and this word was incorporated into the Oxford English Dictionary in 2005) and Gandhigiri (invented in the movie Lage Raho Munna Bhai, a portmanteau of Gandhi and -giri, which is similar to the English 'ism' (as in Gandhi-ism), though slightly more informal).
Thanks to Bollywood, some Marathi words, such as Thaska, Wakda, Porgi, Navri, Navrai, Kombdi, and Mulga/Mulgi, have been incorporated in Hindi vocabulary. Many Hindi songs have some Marathi words added.
References
Hindi
Lamadeleine-Val-des-Anges

Lamadeleine-Val-des-Anges is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Territoire de Belfort
Georg Ritter

Georg Ritter (December 22, 1897 in Dachau - October 17, 1941 in Jastrebovka) was a German Major in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was killed in action on October 17, 1941 in Jastrebovka, Soviet Union. After his death, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on November 15, 1941.
Awards
Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on November 15th, 1941 as Major and Kommandeur of the II. Bataillon, Infanterie-Regiment 62 , 7. Infanterie-Division, Heer (posthumously)
Eisernes Kreuz 2. Klasse (1914)?
Dienstauszeichnungen der NSDAP?
Ehrenkreuz fur Frontkampfer
References
Fellgiebel, W.P. Elite of the Third Reich, The recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939-1945: A Reference. Helion & Company Limited, Solihull, 2003,
1897 births
1941 deaths
German military personnel of World War II
Majors
Military people killed in World War II
People from Bavaria
Game creation system

A 'Game Creation System' (CGS) is a set of tools that are specialized to be easier to deal with so users can easily make games without lots of the work. Games that include this are: Roblox, RecRoom and Minecraft.
Games
History of video game consoles (sixth generation)

The sixth generation of video game consoles began on November 27, 1998. Also known as the last non-motion control gaming era, the sixth generation is also called the 128-bit generation. The sixth generation began with the release of the Dreamcast in Japan. This generation included the game consoles of the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube and Microsoft Xbox. The Dreamcast was discontinued in 2001, but sold games until 2007. The GameCube was discontinued in 2007. The Xbox sold its last games in 2008, but didn't get discontinued until 2009. The PlayStation 2 was discontinued in 2013, which ended the sixth generation.
Game systems
Comparison
Worldwide sales
Handheld game consoles
Note: First year of release is the first year of the system's worldwide availability.
Other handhelds
Tapwave Zodiac(2003)
Neo Geo Pocket Color(1999)
Sales
Popular games
Final Fantasy X
Grand Theft Auto III, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, and Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
Halo: Combat Evolved
Halo 2
Kingdom Hearts
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty and Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater
Metroid Prime
Resident Evil 4
Shenmue
SoulCalibur
References
Video game consoles
Starch

Starch is a complex carbohydrate. It is made of many glucose units joined by chemical bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as an energy store. It is the most common carbohydrate in human diets. Pasta, potatoes, bread, and other starchy foods are made out of carbohydrates.
Starch in every day activities
Starch in food
Some good food sources of starch are cereals, bread, potatoes, grains, peas, and beans. Starch is also used for thickening sauces in cooking and thickening cold foods during a preheat. Starch is a white powder that is tasteless and odourless. Corn starch or cornflour is known as a popular kind of starch made from corn.
Foods with a lot of starch produce more energy than other foods. However, if this energy is not used, it is turned into fat by the liver through de novo lipogenesis.
Laundry starch
There are also different kinds of starch, like laundry starch, which gives clothing a smooth and crisp feel. Sweat and dirt from a person's wrist and neck will stick to the starch on the clothes, not to the fibers of the clothes, and will wash away along with the starch. Then, after each laundry load, the starch can be used again.
Other facts
Starch glues are used in wood, cotton, and bonding of paper. Animals and humans have amylase, so they can digest starch.
Starch was used in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries to stiffen the collars and ruffs of the fine linen which surrounded the neck. Starch also requires heat to thicken. The actual temperature depends on the type of starch.
Carbohydrates
Wallace Stevens

Wallace Stevens (October 2, 1879 - August 2, 1955) was an American poet. He was closely connected to the modernist movement.
He attended Harvard University. He received a degree from New York Law School in 1903. He practiced law for a number of offices and companies until 1916. In 1916, he got a job with the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Co. He worked for this insurance company for the rest of his life.
While he worked in his business life, he also worked at writing poetry. He became friends with many other poets, such as William Carlos Williams, Marianne Moore, and E. E. Cummings. In 1914 and 1915, he wrote poems that are now well-known such as "Peter Quince at the Clavier," "Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock," and "Sunday Morning."
Harmonium, his first book of poems, came out in 1923. That book had other poems that are now famous, like "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird," and "The Emperor of Ice-Cream."
Stevens often wrote very long poems. "The Man with the Blue Guitar" (1937) had 33 parts. In poems like this and many others, Stevens talked about the power of imagination to change ordinary life.
Books
Harmonium (1923)
Ideas of Order (1936)
The Man with the Blue Guitar (1937)
Parts of a World (1942)
Transport to Summer (1947)
The Auroras of Autumn (1950)
The Necessary Angel (1951)
The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens (1954)
References
Other websites
Wallace Sevens at PennSound
1879 births
1955 deaths
American poets
Petr Málek

Petr Malek (; 26 November 1961 in Moravsky Krumlov - 30 November 2019 in Kuwait) was a Czech sport shooter. He won the Silver Medal in skeet at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. He was Cyprus coach 2002-2008 and later a private coach.
References
1961 births
2019 deaths
Czech Olympic silver medalists
Sport shooters
Nevada, Missouri

Nevada ( n@--d@; pronounced differently than the state) is a city and a county seat of Vernon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 8,386 at the 2010 census, and 8,171 in the 2012 estimate.
References
Cities in Missouri
County seats in Missouri
Martin Shkreli

Martin Shkreli (, born March 17, 1983) is an American businessman, former hedge fund manager and convicted fraudster. He is the co-founder of the hedge funds Elea Capital, MSMB Capital Management, MSMB Healthcare, co-founder and former chief executive officer (CEO) of the biotechnology firm Retrophin, and founder and former CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals.
Controversy
In September 2015, Shkreli received widespread criticism when Turing got the manufacturing license for the antiparasitic drug Daraprim and raised its price by a factor of 56 (from $13.50 to $750 per pill), leading him to be referred to as "the most hated man in America" and "pharma bro".
Arrest and conviction
In December 2015, Shkreli was arrested by the FBI after being indicted on federal charges of securities fraud. He subsequently as CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals and was replaced by the company's board chairman, Ron Tilles. Shkreli was convicted of two counts of securities fraud and one count of conspiring to commit securities fraud in August 2017. In May 2022, he was released from prison to a halfway house.
References
Other websites
1983 births
Living people
American fraudsters
Businesspeople from New York City
Kolsassberg

Kolsassberg is a municipality of the district Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Cabin fever

Cabin fever occurs when a person or a group of people are immured and isolated in an enclosed space for a long time. It results in symptoms such as sleepiness, insomnia, paranoia, and the urge to go outside. It is not a disease but can lead to other issues.
Cabin fever is generally a temporary feeling of negativity, irritability, or listlessness due to being confined to a place for long periods. Not everyone ends up getting cabin fever when immured indoors for long periods. The feelings arise because you are stuck at home, you cannot go out, and you cannot do your regular stuff. People with more introverted personalities, for example, might be better able to stay busy and entertained when they are cooped up at home. Those who are more extroverted, on the other hand, may struggle with feelings of isolation and loneliness to a greater degree.
Symptoms
Cabin fever is a state of mind that can encompass feelings of:
Changes in sleep patterns
Decreased motivation
Difficulty waking
Food cravings
Frequent napping
Hopelessness
Lack of patience
Lethargy
Sadness or depression
Trouble concentrating
References
Metaphors
Phobias
Idioms
Ortona

Ortona is an Italian city in Abruzzo. About 23,000 people live there.
It is known as the site of the Battle of Ortona in 1943.
References
Cities in Abruzzo
Boqueho

Boqueho is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Cotes-d'Armor department in the west of France.
Communes in Cotes-d'Armor
Kota Sugiyama

Kota Sugiyama (born 24 January 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shimizu S-Pulse.
Club career statistics
|-
|2002||rowspan="6"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||4||1||4||1
|-
|2003||5||0||4||0||0||0||1||0||10||0
|-
|2004||16||2||1||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||20||3
|-
|2005||14||2||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||18||2
|-
|2006||15||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2007||11||0||0||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||16||1
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||12||1||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|-
|2009||22||1||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||25||1
|-
|2010||Shimizu S-Pulse||J. League 1||||||||||||||||||||
95||6||9||0||19||2||5||1||128||9
95||6||9||0||19||2||5||1||128||9
|
References
Shimizu S-Pulse
1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Blue Triangle

Blue Triangle is a bus company operating services in East London. It is a part of the Go-Ahead Group and operates services for Transport for London. It is the operator of the East London Transit service.
References
London bus operators
Selve Marcone

Selve Marcone is a frazione in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont region in Italy. On 1 January 2017, Selve Marcone was merged to form the municipality of Pettinengo.
References
Former municipalities of Piedmont
Orta San Giulio

Orta San Giulio is a comune in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy.
The town itself is built on a promontory which sticks out from the eastern bank of Lake Orta close to Isola San Giulio. It is well known for the nearby Sacro Monte, a site of pilgrimage and worship. In 2003, the Sacro Monte of Orta was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.
References
Other websites
Official website
Official website for Sacro Monte
Official website Isola San Giulio
Settlements in Piedmont
Shumon Miura

Shumon Miura (12 January 1926 - 3 February 2017) was a Japanese novelist.
Early life
Miura was born in Tokyo City. He attended the University of Tokyo.
Career
In 1951, Miura published his first book. He then married fellow Third Generation writer Ayako Sono in 1953. With her, he wrote many books about Catholicism and religion. Miura began teaching at Nihon University in 1967, the same year he was awarded the Shinchosha Prize.
From 1985 to 1986, he was commissioner of the Cultural Affairs Agency. In 1999, the Japanese government designated Miura a Person of Cultural Merit. In 2004, Miura was appointed to lead the Japan Art Academy. He stepped down in 2014.
Death
Miura died of pneumonia on 3 February 2017, aged 91, at a hospital in Tokyo.
References
1926 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Japanese novelists
Japanese educators
Writers from Tokyo
Slavníč

Slavnic is a small village in the Havlickuv Brod District, Vysocina Region of the Czech Republic by Highway D1. 40 people live in Slavnic. It covers 2,13 km2. It was first documented in 1305.
Villages in Vysocina Region
Bursa

Bursa can mean:
Places and jurisdictions
Bursa, a city in Turkey
Bursa Province, Asian Turkey, named after its above capital
Bursa (electoral district)
Bursa (woreda), a district in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Biology
Bursa (genus), a genus of gastropods
Bursa of Fabricius, a lymphatic organ in birds
Bursa Tumbler, a breed of domestic pigeon
Synovial bursa, a fluid filled sac located between a bone and tendon
Finance
Bursa Efek Indonesia or Indonesia Stock Exchange, previously two separate entities:
Bursa Efek Jakarta or Jakarta Stock Exchange
Bursa Efek Surabaya or Surabaya Stock Exchange
Bursa Malaysia, the Malaysian stock exchange
Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, also known as The Bursa
Other uses
Bursa (Romanian newspaper), published in Bucharest
Bursa (Star Wars), a fictional creature
SS Bursa, a British tanker in service 1946-1961
Bursa, a 1946 meteorite that fell in Bursa, Turkey
Related pages
Alois Hitler

Alois Hitler (born Alois Schicklgruber, 7 June 1837 3 January 1903) was the father of Adolf Hitler. He was born in Waldviertel. His third marriage, from 1883 until his death, was to Adolf's mother, Klara who was also his niece. He was an Austrian customs official.
Personal life
He retired to a farm in 1895 and he was a beekeeper which means that he collected bees so that they could produce honey. He died of a stroke in Linz aged 65. He changed his name from Alois Schicklgruber to Alois Hitler.
References
1837 births
1903 deaths
Beekeepers
Civil servants
Hitler family
People from Lower Austria
Austrian Roman Catholics
Marolles, Calvados

Marolles, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Otto Küpferling

Otto Kupferling was a German track cyclist in the 1900s and a member of "Radsportclub Sport Berlina". He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics.
In 1904 he finished third at the national championships in the amateur sprint event. The next year, in 1905, he became German champion in the amateur sprint. He won the bronze medal at the 1906 Intercalated Games in the tandem sprint event together with Karl Arnold. At these Games he also participated in three other events.
References
German cyclists
Competitors at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Cardboard

Cardboard is a heavy type of paper, notable for its stiffness and durability. It was first invented in China some time in the 15th century, and is used for a wide variety of purposes. One of its more common uses is as a packaging material.
Cardboard boxes were first produced commercially in 1817 in England. Corrugated (also called pleated) paper was patented in England in 1856, used as a liner for tall hats, but corrugated cardboard would not be patented and used as a shipping material until 20 December 1871. The patent was issued to Albert Jones of New York City, New York for single-sided corrugated cardboard. Jones used the corrugated cardboard for wrapping bottles and glass lantern chimneys. The first machine for producing large quantities of corrugated cardboard was built in 1874 by G. Smyth, and in the same year Oliver Long improved upon Jones' design by inventing corrugated cardboard with liner sheets on both sides. This was now cardboard as we know it today.
American Robert Gair was a Brooklyn printer and paper-bag maker during the 1870s, and while he was printing an order of seed bags a metal ruler normally used to crease bags shifted in position and cut the bag. Gair discovered that by cutting and creasing cardboard in one operation he could make prefabricated cartons. Extending this to corrugated cardboard was a straightforward development when the material became available. By the start of the 20th century, corrugated cardboard boxes began replacing the custom-made wooden crates and boxes previously used for trade.
The Kellogg brothers first used cardboard cartons to hold their flaked corn cereal, and later when they began marketing it to the general public a heat-sealed waxed bag of Waxtite was wrapped around the outside of the box and printed with their brand name. This marked the origin of the cereal box, though in modern times the sealed bag is plastic and is kept inside the box rather than outside.
Cardboard packaging has undergone minor changes in recent times due to the trend towards environmentalism. It is now common for cardboard to be manufactured with a large percentage of recycled fibers.
Paper
Maierhöfen

Maierhofen is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. It is in the Allgau region.
References
Lindau (district)