pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Asian Dust

Asian Dust (also yellow dust, yellow sand, yellow wind, or China dust storms) is a weather occurrence that happens each year. It affects much of East Asia during the spring. The dust comes from deserts in Mongolia, northern China, and Kazakhstan. The dust comes from surface winds and dust storms in the desert. The wind carries the clouds eastward to China, Japan, Eastern Siberia, and the Koreas. Smaller particles in the clouds can travel much farther to places like the United States. In the last ten years, these dust storms have become a serious problem because they have picked up industrial pollutants.
Other websites
Asian Dust in Korea
Ostapuk, Paul Asian Dust Clouds
Szykman, Jim et al.Impact of April 2001 Asian Dust Event on Particulate Matter Concentrations in the United States
Kwon Ho-Jang et al.Effects of the Asian Dust Events on Daily Mortality in Seoul, Korea
Carbon Monoxide Measurements in the Mongolian Desert Dust Cloud at Boulder
The Bibliography of Aeolian Research
Weather events
Palaeogene

The Palaeogene (meaning "old generation" in Greek) is the first geological period of the Cainozoic and the tenth period in the Phanerozoic eon. It began 65 million years ago, and ended 23 million years ago. Before it was the Cretaceous. The Palaeogene was followed by the Neogene.
The Palaeogene had three stages: Palaeocene, Eocene and Oligocene.
The Palaeogene and the succeeding Neogene were originally considered to be one period, the Tertiary, until it was split recently .
Climate
The climate was warmer than today. The world was largely forested, and the larger land animals were browsers, not grazers. Grasses existed, but they had not yet become the dominant ecology they became later. The change to a modern climate came in the Miocene period, which started off like the Paleogene, but changed towards a modern-type ecology with less rainfall and widespread grasslands.
References
Cainozoic
Sin City: A Dame to Kill For

Sin City: A Dame to Kill For is a 2014 American crime thriller movie written, produced and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez. It is based on Miller's graphic novel series of the same name.
References
Other websites
2014 crime thriller movies
2010s American crime thriller movies
Dark Horse Comics movies
Film noir
Movies directed by Robert Rodriguez
Giacomo da Lentini

Giacomo da Lentini, also known as Jacopo da Lentini was a 13th century Italian poet. Giacomo was the inventor of the sonnet.
References
Italian poets
Joseph Polchinski

Joseph Polchinski (May 16, 1954 - February 2, 2018) was an American theoretical physicist and string theorist. He was born in White Plains, New York. Polchinski wrote the two-volume textbook String Theory, published in 1998. Among his many contributions to theoretical physics, D-branes are the best known. In 2008 he won the Dirac Medal for his work in superstring theory. He won the 2017 Fundamental Physics Prize.
Polchinski died on February 2, 2018 in Santa Barbara, California at the age of 63.
References
1954 births
2018 deaths
American physicists
Scientists from New York (state)
Lyutvi Mestan

Lyutvi Ahmed Mestan (), or shortly Lyutvi Mestan (born 24 December 1960), is a Bulgarian politician. He is of Turkish-Bulgarian origin. He was the 2nd chairman of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms. He has been the Member of Parliament for Kardzhali.
References
Other websites
Bulgarian Parliament
1960 births
Living people
Bulgarian politicians
Salmon, Idaho

Salmon is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
County seats in Idaho
Rough Night in Jericho

Rough Night in Jericho is a 1967 American western movie. It was directed by Arnold Laven. The movie is based on the novel The Man in Black by Marvin H. Albert, who also wrote the screenplay. It stars Dean Martin, George Peppard, Jean Simmons, Steve Sandor, and Don Galloway. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
References
Other websites
1967 movies
1960s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Arnold Laven
Universal Pictures movies
Since You Went Away

Since You Went Away is a 1944 drama movie. This movie is about life during World War II. Shirley Temple plays Bridget. Claudette Colbert plays Mrs. Anne. Jennifer Jones plays Jane. This movie was released on July 20, 1944. In 1945, the movie won the Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture and was nominated for 8 others.
References
Other websites
1944 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by John Cromwell
COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Zambia in March 2020.
As of 17 March, the government had shut all educational institutions and put in place some restrictions on foreign travel.
Zambia reported its first 2 cases of COVID-19 in Lusaka on 18 March. The patients were a couple that had travelled to France on holiday. A third case was recorded on 22 March. The patient was a man who had travelled to Pakistan.
On March 25, President Edgar Lungu confirmed a total of 12 cases during a live national address.
Zambia recorded its first death on 2 April.
References
History of Zambia
Zambia
Drag king

Drag kings are female performance artists who dress in male clothes. They play male gender roles as part of an individual or group routine. Drag kings may be straight, lesbian or transgender. They often perform as macho male characters, like construction workers and rappers.
In the late 1800s/early 1900s, several drag kings became British music hall stars. British pantomime has preserved the tradition of women in male roles. Starting in the mid 1990s, drag kings started to have the fame and attention for which drag queens are known.
The term drag king was first used in print in 1972.
Drag kings are mostly a part of lesbian culture. They can be most often seen at lesbian festivals or bars. However, not all drag kings are lesbians.
References
Performing arts
Gay slang
Entertainment occupations
Saint-Léger, Belgium

Saint-Leger is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 3225 people lived there.
It is at 49deg 36 North, 05deg 39 East.
References
Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Auriol, Bouches-du-Rhône

Auriol is a commune of 11,057 people (2005). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Communes in Bouches-du-Rhone
Tsukasa Morishima

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Morishima was born in Mie Prefecture on April 25, 1997. After graduating from Yokkaichi Chuo Technical High School, he joined J1 League club Sanfrecce Hiroshima in 2016. He played many matches from 2019.
In December 2019, Morishima was selected the Japan national team for 2019 E-1 Football Championship. At this tournament, he debuted against China on December 10.
Statistics
|-
|2016||rowspan="6"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="6"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2017||14||0||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|2018||1||0||0||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2019||24||3||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||25||3
|-
|2020||34||5||colspan="2"|-||2||0||7||1||43||6
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
73||8||3||0||14||0||7||1||97||9
73||8||3||0||14||0||7||1||97||9
|}
|-
|2019||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}
References
Other websites
1997 births
Living people
Footballers from Mie Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
Nigel Starmer-Smith

Nigel Starmer-Smith (born 25 December 1944) is a British former international rugby union player, rugby journalist and commentator. He was born in Cheltenham, England. Starmer-Smith played for the England national rugby union team between 1969 until 1971.
In 2015, Starmer-Smith was diagnosed with dementia.
References
1944 births
Living people
British rugby league players
British journalists
Sports commentators
Sportspeople from Gloucestershire
Yasuo Manaka

is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Sumitomo Metal||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 2||9||2||||||1||0||10||2
|-
|1990/91||8||1||||||1||0||9||1
|-
|1991/92||21||9||||||2||2||23||11
|-
|1992||rowspan="7"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="7"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1993||12||3||1||0||2||1||15||4
|-
|1994||8||0||1||0||0||0||9||0
|-
|1995||23||3||3||0||colspan="2"|-||26||3
|-
|1996||21||5||3||0||4||0||28||5
|-
|1997||12||4||0||0||4||0||16||4
|-
|1998||21||6||2||0||5||1||28||7
|-
|1999||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||27||5||2||0||4||0||33||5
|-
|2000||17||2||3||0||4||0||24||2
|-
|2001||24||5||3||0||2||2||29||7
|-
|2002||J. League 2||28||13||3||0||colspan="2"|-||31||13
|-
|2003||J. League 1||10||1||0||0||2||0||12||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 2||14||2||3||1||colspan="2"|-||17||3
|-
|2004||J. League 1||6||0||0||0||1||0||7||0
|-
|2004||Yokohama||J. League 2||13||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||1
274||62||26||1||32||6||332||69
274||62||26||1||32||6||332||69
|}
References
1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Ibaraki Prefecture
United States Senate Energy Subcommittee on National Parks

Senate Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks is one of four subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. They deal with issues about the country's national parks.
Current members
References
Other websites
U.S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks, official web site
Energy Senate National Parks
Abdullah

Abdullah is a well-liked name in the Arabic language that has been used for many years. It's a common name given to boys and has a significant meaning that represents the Islamic religion. The name Abdullah is formed from two Arabic words, "abd" which signifies "servant" and "Allah" which signifies "God". So, the name Abdullah implies "servant of God".
People
Abdullah Alnefisi, Kuwaiti politician and academic
Abdullah Ocalan, ideologist, writer and founder of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
References
Names
Flamsteed designation

Flamsteed designations are for stars that are similar to Bayer designations. However, they use numbers instead of Greek letters. Flamsteed designation contained 2554 stars.
The numbers are usually assigned in the order of increasing right ascension within each constellation. However, because of the effects of precession, they are now slightly out of order in some parts. This method first appeared in John Flamsteed's Historia Coelestis Britannica, a book that was published by Edmond Halley and Isaac Newton together in 1712.
References
Astronomical catalogues
Tin(IV) sulfide

Tin(IV) sulfide, also known as stannic sulfide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SnS2. It has tin and sulfide ions in it. The tin is in its +4 oxidation state.
Properties
Tin(IV) sulfide is a gold-colored or brown solid. It reacts with strong acids to make hydrogen sulfide.
Preparation
Tin(IV) sulfide is made by reacting hydrogen sulfide with tin(IV) compounds such as tin(IV) chloride.
Uses
It is used as a decorative coating because of its color. This coating is known as mosaic gold.
Related pages
Tin(II) sulfide
Tin(IV) oxide
Tin compounds
Sulfur compounds
Thomas Kretschmann

Thomas Kretschmann (Born 8 September 1962 in Dessau, East Germany) is a German movie, television, voice actor best known for playing Leutnant Hans von Witzland in the 1993 film Stalingrad, Hauptmann Wilm Hosenfeld in The Pianist, Hermann Fegelein in Der Untergang, Captain Englehorn in the 2005 remake of King Kong, Valkyrie, and voicing Professor Z in Cars 2.
Kretschmann was born on September 8, 1962 in Dessau, East Germany. Kretschmann had a partner Lena Roklin from 1997 until they split-up in 2009, they had three children. Kretschmann currently lives in Malibu, California and Los Angeles, California.
Other websites
1962 births
Living people
German movie actors
German television actors
German voice actors
German stage actors
People from Malibu, California
United States Secretary of Transportation

The United States Secretary of Transportation is the head of the United States Department of Transportation. The Secretary is a member of the President's Cabinet.
Secretaries of Transportation
Parties
(8)
(11)
Status
References
Secretary of Transportation
1967 establishments in the United States
I Remember

"I Remember" is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5 and American DJ Kaskade. The song is featured on deadmau5's first studio album Random Album Title and the Strobelite Edit is featured on Kaskade's fifth solo album Strobelite Seduction.
The song is featured on the soundtrack of the 2011 film The Lincoln Lawyer and the remix by FSG was featured in DJ Hero 2 and GoldenEye 007.
The music video for the song was shot in Manchester and features British actor Stephen Graham as well as Warren Brown, Aston Kelly, Greg Walsh & Emma Edmondson.
The video starts with Graham's character talking to two young men played by Warren Brown & Aston Kelly about rave culture and life. Brown and Kelly's characters then find a place for what is later revealed to be an illegal rave where deadmau5 is performing as the DJ. The video ends with a "to be continued" title card.
Actor Stephen Graham was almost arrested because the police accidentally mistook the music video for an actual illegal rave.
References
2008 songs
deadmau5 songs
Berth Idoffs

Berth Idoffs is a dansband from Bromolla, Sweden. It was formed in 1955.
Current members
Charlotte "Lotta" Idoffson - vocals
Patrik "Palle" Ohlsson - Guitar, pedalsteel and violin
Henric "Hebbe" Svensson - Keyboard, saxophone, accordion
Marcus "Idoff" Idoffson - Kapellmeister, guitar, vocals and accordion
Fredrik Ohlsson - drums, vocals
Former members
Inge Svensson - guitar
Kjell Gummesson - drums
Bert Idoff - keyboards
Conny Nilsson - vocals, guitar (1972-2000)
Gote Farm - drums
Mats Westerberg - bass, guitar (1987-1998)
Magnus Persson - keyboard, guitar, accordion, vocals (1982-1992)
Bo Jansson - bass, clarinet, saxophone, keyboards (1992-199?)
Mats Dahlstrom - guitar, saxophone (1985-1992)
Bengt-Erik Skantz - Keyboards, saxophone (1992-?)
Jesper Svensson - keyboard, bass (1996-2000)
Patrick Bertilsson - drums (1997-2000)
Martin Wahlstrom - bass
Johannes Nordgren - guitar, saxophone
Conny Norrman - Keyboard
Mats Thuresson - Saxophone, Kapellmeister (1983-1985)
Discography
Albums
Sjung, dansa och le - 1975
Dansgladje 86 - 1986
Dansgladje 87 - 1987
Dansgladje 88 - 1988
Dansgladje 89 - 1989
Dansgladje 90 - 1990
Jag behover dej - 1991
For din skull - 1993
En lyckostund - 2000
Latt for mig - 2011
Notable songs
Svensktoppen is a record chart in Sweden. These songs were successful enough to chart on Svensktoppen.
Sma sma ord - 1988
Nere vid kusten - 1990
Karlek pa gang - 1996
Evelina - 1999
These songs were tested for Svensktoppen, but failed to enter the chart:
Speleman - 1997
Nar du ror vid mig - 1998
En lyckostund - 2000
References
Other websites
Official website
1955 establishments in Sweden
Dansbands
Swedish musical groups
2014 FIFA World Cup Final

The 2014 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that took place on 13 July 2014 at the Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to determine the 2014 FIFA World Cup champion. Germany defeated Argentina 1-0 in extra time, with the only goal being scored by Mario Gotze. The match was the third final between the two countries, a World Cup record, after their 1986 and 1990 matches, and billed as the world's best player (Lionel Messi) versus the world's best team (Germany).
Road to the final
Match
Details
References
1
July 2014 events
2014 in association football
2010s in Brazil
Hallstahammar

Hallstahammar is an urban area in the county of Vastmanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Hallstahammar Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Vastmanland County
Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia

Lithuanian-Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic or Litbel was a Soviet republic. It was in the territories of modern Belarus and eastern Lithuania. It existed for about seven months during 1919. It was formed after the merger of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia. The republic was went away after the Polish Army took over its claimed territory of eastern Lithuania during the Polish-Soviet War.
References
Republics of the Soviet Union
20th century in Belarus
History of Lithuania
1919 establishments in Europe
1919 disestablishments
Laetoli

Laetoli is a site in Tanzania, dated to the PlioPleistocene. It is famous for its hominin footprints, preserved in volcanic ash. The site of the Laetoli footprints is 45 km south of Olduvai gorge. It was excavated by archaeologists Louis and Mary Leakey in 1978. "The Laetoli Footprints" got a lot of attention from the public because they are convincing evidence of bipedalism in Pliocene hominins.
Dated to 3.6 million years ag,o they were the oldest known evidence of hominin bipedalism. Now older evidence has been found, such as the Ardipithecus ramidus fossils. The footprints and skeletal structure excavated at Laetoli were clear evidence that bipedalism evolved before enlarged brains in hominids. Although it is debated, it is believed the three individuals who made these footprints belonged to the species Australopithecus afarensis. Together with footprints were other hominin and animal skeletal remains and Acheulean artifacts (hand-axes).
After debate, it was decided that Australopithecus afarensis is the species of the three hominins who made the footprints at Laetoli. This is based on the reconstruction of the foot skeleton of a female A. afrarensis hominin. Detailed footprint analysis compared both human and bipedal animals such as bears and primates. Gaits (stride pattern), and foot structure were analysed. Step length, stride length, stride width and foot angle showed that A. afarensis was more human-like in gait than ape-like.<ref>Tuttle R.H; Webb D.M., & Baksh M. 1991. Laetoli toes and Australopithecus afarensis. Human Evolution'. 6 (3) pp. 193-200.</ref>A. afarensis, then, is an obligate bipedal hominid. Its brain size was very similar to that of modern chimpanzees and gorillas. So, in one important respect it was like the genus Homo since it was bipedal. That means it was adapted to living in open woodland and savannah, not tropical rain forest. On the other hand, it had a brain about the size of an ape. This situation, where different traits of an animal evolve at different rates, is known as mosaic evolution.
Footprints in Europe
The oldest hominin footprints in Europe are in Britain. They are about 800,000 years to a million years old.Ashton, Nick et al 2014. Hominin footprints from early Pleistocene deposits at Happisburgh, UK. PLoS One. They were found on Happisburgh beach, East Anglia.
The archaeologists describe them as "the oldest known hominin footprint surface outside Africa at between ca. 1 million and 0.78 million years ago". The site in known for its preservation of sediments with early Pleistocene fauna and flora. Since 2005 flint tools have been found. This means humans occupied northern Europe at least 350,000 years earlier than was thought before.
References
Other websites
Footprints to fill : flat feet and doubts about makers of the Laetoli tracks. Scientific American 2005.
Leakey M.D. & Hay R.L. Pliocene footprints in the Laetolil Beds at Laetoli, northern Tanzania. Nature''
Footprints from the past. WebCite
Archaeological sites in Africa
Hominins
Fossils
Prehistoric Africa
Geography of Tanzania
Atlántida Department

Atlantida is one of the 18 departments of Honduras. The departmental capital is La Ceiba.
Municipalities
Arizona
El Porvenir
Esparta
Jutiapa
La Ceiba
La Masica
San Francisco
Tela
Departments of Honduras
Kennedy Stewart (Canadian politician)

Edward Charles Kennedy Stewart (born November 8, 1966) is a Canadian politician and academic. He was the 40th mayor of Vancouver from 2018 to 2022. He was the member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Burnaby--Douglas (2011-2015) and Burnaby South (2015-2018). He was in the House of Commons as a member of the New Democratic Party (NDP) caucus.
References
Other websites
1966 births
Living people
Mayors of Vancouver
Politicians from Halifax, Nova Scotia
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
Tragedy of the anticommons

The tragedy of the anticommons is a new phrase invention of Michael Heller. It says, that things can go bad if too many people have rights on a shared thing. It is related to the phrase tragedy of the commons, which says that things can go bad if not enough people have rights. It is a general phrase for problems like patent thickets, submarine patents, nail houses, and more red tapes. It is difficult to find solutions, but some of them are eminent domain, Laches, patent pools or other agreements on rights and copyrights.
Related pages
Tragedy of the commons
Market failure
Georgism
Network effects
Rivalry (economics)
Tragedy of the anticommons is one of four outcomes:
The prevalent outcome depends on the details of the situation.
References
Rose, Carol M. (1986) The Comedy of the Commons: Commerce, Custom and Inherently Public Property, 53 Univ. of Chi. L. Rev. 711, reprinted as chapter 5 in: Rose, Carol M., Property and persuasion: Essays on the history, theory and rhetoric of ownership, Westview Press 1994
Other websites
The Tragedy of the Anticommons (Abstract, with link to complete paper)
Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research (full text of article)
The comedy of the commons, speech by Lawrence Lessig (Lawrence Lessig)
Heller's talk in the Authors@Google series
Website complementing gridlock economy: How Too Much Ownership Wrecks Markets, Stops Innovation, and Costs Lives
Property
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

The Nova Scotia Duck-Tolling Retriever is a breed of sport and hunting dog that originated in Canada in the 19th century to help hunters with attracting ducks within gunshot range and bringing the duck back to the hunter. They stand 17-21 inches (43 to 53 cm) and weigh 43 to 51 pounds (19 to 23 kg). They are the smallest of the retrievers. Its thick coat of fur protects it from the icy cold water.
References
Dog breeds
Eldorado, Maryland

Eldorado is a town in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States.
Towns in Maryland
Toru Araiba

Toru Araiba (born 12 July 1979) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kashima Antlers.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="7"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="7"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1998||30||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2000||24||7||1||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||29||8
|-
|2001||29||3||3||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||36||4
|-
|2002||30||1||2||0||8||1||colspan="2"|-||40||2
|-
|2003||25||2||2||1||4||1||colspan="2"|-||31||4
|-
|2004||rowspan="7"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="7"|J. League 1||28||1||3||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||38||1
|-
|2005||28||1||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||34||1
|-
|2006||30||2||4||0||11||0||colspan="2"|-||45||2
|-
|2007||30||1||5||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||44||1
|-
|2008||30||2||2||0||2||0||7||0||41||2
|-
|2009||29||0||2||0||2||0||4||0||37||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
315||20||26||2||58||3||11||0||410||25
315||20||26||2||58||3||11||0||410||25
|}
References
Kashima Antlers
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda

St. John's is the capital of Antigua and Barbuda, an island nation in the Lesser Antilles. St. John's is located on the island of Antigua.
References
Hammand World Atlas Corporation, Hammond World Atlas, Fifth Edition, 2007, p. 208
National capitals in North America
Geography of Antigua and Barbuda
The Art of War

The Art of War () is an ancient Chinese military text that was written by Sun Tzu, a high-ranking military general, strategist, and Taoist philosopher over 2,500 years ago. The text contains 13 chapters, each of which covers an aspect of warfare.
It as one of the earliest books on Chinese warfare. It remains one of the best known and most influential books ever written. The book was widely copied in the ancient world. At first, it was written on bamboo slats that were sewn together. It was read by politicians, scholars and military leaders.
Translations of the book were first read in Japan and Korea. The oldest copy from Japan dates to the 8th century. It was translated into French in 1772 by a Jesuit named Jean Joseph Marie Amiot. The first translation into English was published by Lionel Giles in 1910. The Art of War was first translated into Russian in 1950. The Russians' knowledge of French culture makes it probable that they had copies in French much earlier.
The book is used today by business schools and militaries worldwide.
Changing rules
When Sun Tzu first wrote The Art of War, it was not the first book on military tactics. He quotes from The Book of Military Administration by Chun Cheng. The quote is limited to the use of signal flags and drums to move soldiers. Chun's book has not survived and so little is known of what else was in it. However, books of the time were based on rules of warfare that all sides followed. War was the sport of rich noblemen. The rules were based on chivalry.
Sun Tzu refused to see war as a sport. He used Taoist principles and applied them to warfare. In doing this he changed the rules of war. Unlike generals who enjoyed long campaigns, he understood that war is serious. Sun Tzu believed that once a war started, the goal was to defeat the enemy. Sun Tzu was unconventional in that he did not follow the prevailing wisdom of his time. Other generals were simply unprepared for Sun Tzu's tactics. Sun Tzu mastered the art of being unpredictable in warfare.
David and Goliath
In situations where a smaller weaker force is faced with a stronger larger force, Sun Tzu's tactics are very often successful. David and Goliath is a Biblical story of a weaker shepherd boy facing a giant who is a skilled warrior. David uses an unconventional weapon and slays Goliath. David refused to fight by Goliath's rules. The political scientist Ivan Arreguin-Toft did calculations on wars. He discovered that about a third of the, time the weaker country actually wins.
The Art of War is credited by Mao Zedong as having helped him defeat Chiang Kai-Shek during the Chinese Civil War. Ho Chi Minh was a fan of Sun Tzu. He led communist North Vietnam in their fight against American-backed South Vietnam. American Generals Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. and Colin Powell followed Sun Tzu's princples during the Gulf War.
References
Other websites
The Art of War by Sun Tzu, Translated by Lionel Giles
The Art of War, Facts and Significance
The Art of War on Modern World, by Edward Rico M. Tj on r2plan.com
Non-fiction books
Sun Tzu
5th-century BC books
Boeil-Bezing

Boeil-Bezing is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Boeil-Bezing
Arnie Lerma

Arnaldo Pagliarini Lerma (November 18, 1950 - March 16, 2018) was an American writer and activist. He was a former Scientologist, and critic of Scientology. He appeared in television, media and radio interviews. Lerma was the first person to post the court document known as the Fishman Affidavit, including the Xenu story, to the internet via the Usenet newsgroup alt.religion.scientology. He was a strong critic of L. Ron Hubbard. He was born in Washington, D.C..
Lerma committed suicide by shooting himself on March 16, 2018 in Alexandria, Virginia after shooting his wife in the face with a 9 mm handgun. He was 67 years old.
References
Other websites
Lermanet.com: Exposing the con (Arnie Lerma's Website) Media, Documentation and Pictures of 1995 Raid
Church of Scientology protects secrets on the Internet CNN, Washington, August 26, 1995
Affidavit by Arnie Lerma dated September 6, 1995.
Brinkema, Leonie M. Civil Action No. 95-1107-A: Memorandum Opinion Alexandria: US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia-Alexandria Division, November 28, 1995
alt.scientology.war by Wendy Grossman, Wired Magazine, December, 1995
1950 births
2018 deaths
Suicides by firearm in the United States
American activists
Writers from Washington, D.C.
American critics
Nobuki Hara

Nobuki Hara (born 6 September 1979) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998||rowspan="6"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2000||5||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||1
|-
|2001||4||0||3||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||2
|-
|2002||J. League 2||18||1||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||2
|-
|2003||J. League 1||14||0||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0||4||0
|-
|2005||3||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||4||0
|-
|2006||Vissel Kobe||J. League 2||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2006||Tottori||Football League||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
54||2||9||3||2||0||3||0||68||5
54||2||9||3||2||0||3||0||68||5
|}
References
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Kagoshima Prefecture
Kalnciems

Kalnciems is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.
Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Efraín Barquero

Efrain Barquero (3 May 1931 - 29 June 2020) was a Chilean poet. He won the Chilean National Prize for Literature in 2008. He worked in Colombia during the government of Salvador Allende. In France he wrote A deshora between 1979 and 1985, which was later published in Chile in 1992. During this time he also wrote Mujeres de oscuro and El viejo y el nino.
Barquero died in Santiago de Chile on 29 June 2020 from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 89.
References
1931 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from COPD
Chilean poets
Arzacq-Arraziguet

Arzacq-Arraziguet is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
References
Arzacq-Arraziguet
Kadir Mısıroğlu

Kadir Misiroglu (24 January 1933 - 5 May 2019) was a Turkish writer, poet, lawyer, and journalist. He was known for his Islamist, anti-secularist, and monarchist opinions in the period after the one-party period of the Republic of Turkey.
He founded the foundation Osmanlilar Ilim ve Irfan Vakfi, an Ottoman monarchist NGO in 1994 and he led it until at least 2014.
References
1933 births
2019 deaths
Turkish poets
Turkish lawyers
Turkish journalists
Turkish activists
Paul Gleason

Paul Xavier Gleason (May 4, 1939 - May 27, 2006) was an American movie, television, voice, and stage actor who is known for his role as Dwayne T. Robinson in the 1988 action movie Die Hard.
Gleason was born in Jersey City, New Jersey on May 4, 1939 and raised in Uleta, Florida. Gleason was married to Candy Moore from 1971 until they divorced in 1978. Later, he was married to Susan Kehl from 1995 until his death in 2006. Gleason died on May 27, 2006 from lung cancer in a hospital in Burbank, California. He was 67 years old.
References
Other websites
Photos of burial place at Findagrave
1939 births
2006 deaths
Actors from Miami
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Purdy, Missouri

Purdy is a city in Barry County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Uses and gratifications theory

The Uses and gratifications theory is a theory by Blumer and Katz. It states that different people watch television and movies for different reasons.
There may be somebody who will watch a romantic comedy so that they can put themselves in the shoes of the characters and feel love. Somebody may watch Breaking Bad so that they can join in with social conversation relating to that topic. It may be said that you would watch a television for escapism so that you forget the stress or normal life.
Psychology
Raymond-Poincaré Hospital

The Hopital Raymond-Poincare is a well-known hospital in Garches, close to Paris. It has been created in 1936. He is partner of the Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.
References
Further reading
Hopital Raymond-Poincare
1930s establishments in France
1936 establishments in Europe
Hospitals in France
Hauts-de-Seine
Burt Bacharach

Burt Freeman Bacharach (May 12, 1928 - February 8, 2023) was an American composer, singer, songwriter, and music producer. He wrote many hit songs. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He won three Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two Grammy Awards and one BAFTA Award during his career.
Some songs were written specifically for the singers who originally recorded them. Some of his songs were:
"Walk On By"; originally released by Dionne Warwick in 1964 and has since been covered by other artists over the years.
"Alfie"; written for the movie of the same name and nominated for an Academy Award for best original song
"What's New Pussycat?"; written for the movie of the same name and nominated for an Academy Award for best original song, made famous by Tom Jones.
"I Say a Little Prayer"; written for Dionne Warwick and later made famous by Aretha Franklin.
"The Look of Love"; from the movie Casino Royale; nominated for an Academy Award for best original song
"Do You Know the Way to San Jose"; written for Dionne Warwick
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"; from the movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid; won an Academy Award for best original song. Bacharach also won the Academy Award for Best Original Score for the score to this movie.
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"; from the movie Arthur; won an Academy Award for best original song.
Bacharach died on February 8, 2023 at his Los Angeles home from natural causes. He was 94 years old.
Sources
1928 births
2023 deaths
Grammy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning composers
BAFTA Award winners
American composers
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Kansas City, Missouri
Singers from Kansas City, Missouri
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
Academy Award winning composers
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Sidney Altman

Sidney Altman (May 7, 1939 - April 5, 2022) was a Canadian-American molecular biologist. He was a Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas Cech for their work on the catalytic properties of RNA. Altman was of Jewish descent.
Works
Altman's Nobel Prize work came with the analysis of the catalytic properties of the ribozyme RNase P. RNase P is a ribonucleoprotein particle, part RNA and part protein. Originally it was thought that, in the bacterial RNase P complex, the protein subunit was responsible for the catalytic activity of the complex.
During experiments in which the complex was taken apart and put together in test tubes, Altman and his group discovered a remarkable thing. The RNA component, in isolation, was enough for the observed catalytic activity of the enzyme. This was remarkable because, previously, it was thought that only enzymes could catalyse reactions in living cells. Altman's research showed that RNA itself had catalytic properties. This was the discovery that earned him the Nobel prize.
Although the RNase P complex also exists in eukaryotic organisms, Altman's later work showed that in eukaryotes the protein subunits are essential to the catalytic activity, in contrast to the bacterial RNase P.
Death
Altman died on April 5, 2022 in Rockleigh, New Jersey after a long illness at the age of 82.
References
Other websites
Sidney Altman Nobel Lecture: Enzymatic cleavage of RNA by RNA
Altman S Author Profile Page on Pubget
1939 births
2022 deaths
American molecular biologists
American Nobel Prize winners
Canadian academics
Canadian Jews
Canadian Nobel Prize winners
Canadian biologists
Columbia University alumni
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Montreal
Vital Heynen

Vital Heynen (born 12 June 1969) is a former Belgian volleyball player and head coach of German club VfB Friedrichshafen and Poland men's national volleyball team.
1969 births
Living people
Belgian volleyball players
Volleyball coaches
People from Limburg (Belgium)
Ben Cayetano

Benjamin Jerome Cayetano (born November 14, 1939) is an American politician and author. He was the 5th Governor of the State of Hawaii from 1994 to 2002. He is the first Filipino American to serve as a state governor in the United States.
1939 births
Governors of Hawaii
Living people
Politicians from Honolulu
Lieutenant Governors of Hawaii
Writers from Hawaii
Fretilin

The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (, Fretilin) is a centre-left political party in East Timor. They hold 23 of 65 seats in the National Parliament.
References
1974 establishments
East Timor
Outflow (meteorology)

Outflow is a term for the air that flows away from a thunderstorm. Lots of outflow show that a storm is "healthy".
The "edge" of the outflow boundary can often be detected by weather radar. Convergence occurs along the leading edge of the downdraft. Convergence of dust, aerosols, and bugs at the leading edge will lead to a higher clear air signature. The signature of the leading edge is also influenced by the density change between the cold air from the downdraft and the warm environmental air. This density boundary will increase the number of echo returns from the leading edge. Clouds, hydrometeors and new thunderstorms can also develop along the outflow's leading edge. This makes it possible to locate the outflow boundary when using precipitation mode. The image to the right depicts a particularly strong ouflow boundary ahead of a line of storms. Often, the outflow boundary will bow in the direction it is moving the quickest.
References
Meteorology
1996 AFC U-17 Championship

The 1996 AFC U-17 Championship was held in Thailand from 17 September to 1 October.
Results
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Knockout stage
References
AFC U-17 Asian Cup
1996 in association football
1990s in Thailand
Football in Thailand
1996 in Asia
Avery County, North Carolina

Avery County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2000, 17,167 people lived there. Its county seat is Newland. It is known for growing Fraser Fir Christmas trees. Avery County is part of the High Council of Governments.
History
The county was made in 1911 from parts of Caldwell County, Mitchell County, and Watauga County. Avery County was the last county made in North Carolina.
Bordering counties
These counties border, or connect to, Avery County:
Johnson County, Tennessee - north
Carter County, Tennessee - west
Caldwell County, North Carolina - southeast
Burke County, North Carolina - south
McDowell County, North Carolina - south
Mitchell County, North Carolina - west
Watauga County, North Carolina - north
Cities and towns
These cities and towns are in Avery County:
Banner Elk
Beech Mountain
Crossnore
Elk Park
Grandfather
Linville
Minneapolis
Newland
Seven Devils
Sugar Mountain
Other websites
Avery County government official website
North Carolina counties
1911 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in North Carolina
Xena: Warrior Princess (video game)

Xena: Warrior Princess is a "beat 'em up" video game that was released on the PlayStation in September 30, 1999, developed by VU Games and published by Electronic Arts, based on the television series.
Description
Playing as the television series' title character, you must rescue your companion, Gabrielle, from a fate worse than death and fight the forces responsible for her capture in the first place. The game is played from a third-person perspective and revolves around slashing, jumping, and kicking your way through a series of 3D environments. Various button combinations produce special combo moves like those seen on the show, but since mashing the buttons alone appears to work well, you will not be inclined to learn the combinations. Xena can also use power-ups, which she will find along the way, as well as her trademark chakram. Once you throw the chakram, the perspective switches to that of the whirling circle, which you are able to aim, after a fashion. Once it hits something, it is propelled back. The downside to using it is that Xena is defenseless while the weapon is in the air, so you have got to use it wisely when you are under fire from archers perched up above or from multiple opponents on the ground. You use the chakram to flip switches, cut chains, and pick off opponents from a distance. These opponents sometimes become tougher targets because of the hostages they keep so near to them.
Other consoles
Xena: Warrior Princess for the Game Boy Color was developed and released by Titus Software in 2000.
Xena: Warrior Princess for the PS2 only released in Europe.
Related pages
Xena: Warrior Princess video games
Hercules: The Legendary Journeys
Other websites
Xena: Warrior Princess at Mobygames.com
1999 video games
Game Boy Color games
PlayStation games
PlayStation 2 games
Electronic Arts video games
Xenaverse
Video games based on television shows
Arget

Arget is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Arget
Per capita income

Per capita income or average income is the average amount of money a person gets in a year. It is found by dividing the amount of money in an area by the number of people living there.
Per capita income is often used to measure an area's average income. The currency used is often the euro or the US dollar as they are widely used international currencies.
It has been criticised for not accounting for inflation. This means that it overstates economic growth. It also means that a small number of wealthy people can increase the country's per capita income whilst the rest of the population experience no change. It does not account for the differences in the cost of living between countries.
References
Income
income
Red Army

The Red Army was the army of the Bolsheviks that was led by Leon Trotsky during the Russian Civil War. It later became the army of the Soviet Union. The name used mainly before and during World War II. After the war, it was renamed as the Soviet Army, but many people continued to call it the Red Army. Even now, some people still nickname the modern Russian Army as the Red Army.
Some later communist organizations such as the Red Army Faction used the name, and anti-communists sometimes used the name for any left-wing group that they said was trying to promote communism and was paid for by the Soviets.
1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Armies
Military of the Soviet Union
World War II
1918 establishments in the Soviet Union
Brakna

Brakna () is a region in southwest Mauritania. Its capital is Aleg. Boghe is another major town in the region. The region has borders near the Mauritanian regions of Tagant to the northeast and Assaba and Gorgol to the southeast. It also has a border with Trarza to the northwest.
The Senegal River in the southwest is at the region's border with Senegal.
References
Geography of Mauritania
Kungsholmen Church

The Kungsholmen Church () or the Ulrika Eleonora Church () is a church building at Bergsgatan on the island of Kungsholmen in Stockholm in Sweden. The church belongs to the Vastermalm Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was inaugurated on 2 December 1688 (Old Style).
References
Other websites
Church of Sweden churches
Churches in Stockholm
17th-century buildings and structures
Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands

Saint John is an island in the Caribbean Sea. It is a constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). It is the smallest of the three main USVI islands.
St. John is about 4 miles east of Saint Thomas, and 4 miles south and west of Tortola, part of the British Virgin Islands. It is 50.8 km2 (19.61 sq mi) in area. It has a population of 4,197 (2000 census).
Other websites
Official sites
St. John - Official Website for the United States Virgin Islands Department of Tourism
Cruz Bay Visitor Center - Virgin Island National Park, U.S. Department of the Interior
St. John, USVI - Official site for the US Virgin Islands Hotel & Tourism Association
VINP Archaeology -Friends of the Virgin Islands National Park Archaeology blog (provides weekly updates of National Park excavations on St. John)
Map
St. John USVI Google Map - Satellite Map of St. John, USVI
References
United States Virgin Islands
Alice Coachman

Alice Marie Coachman (November 9, 1923 - July 14, 2014) was an American athlete. She specialized in high jump. She was the first black woman to win an Olympic gold medal. In 2002 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.
References
Other websites
Alice Coachman's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Alice Coachman (Entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia)
1923 births
2014 deaths
American Olympic gold medalists
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Like a Virgin (song)

"Like a Virgin" is a 1984 dance-pop song from American singer Madonna. The song is from the singer's album of the same name.
The song was Madonna's first #1 song in Canada, Australia, the United States and Japan. On the United States Billboard Hot 100, the song was at #1 for six weeks. It also hit the Top 10 elsewhere.
"Like a Virgin" has been covered by a number of singers. Alexandra Stan covered the song in the 2010s.
Madonna's public character of a sexually shameless and supremely confident woman was widely accepted by younger generations.
References
Madonna (entertainer) songs
1984 songs
Jean Doré

Jean Dore (12 December 1944 - 15 June 2015) was a politician. He served as Mayor of Montreal, Quebec from 1986 through 1994.
Dore died of pancreatic cancer in Montreal, aged 70.
References
1944 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Mayors of Montreal
Lemma (linguistics)

A lemma is a word that stands at the head of a definition in a dictionary. All the head words in a dictionary are lemmas. Technically, it is "a base word and its inflections".
A lemma is the word you find in the dictionary. A lexeme is a unit of meaning, and can be more than one word. A lexeme is the set of all forms that have the same meaning, while lemma refers to the particular form that is chosen by convention to represent the lexeme.
In English, for example, run, runs and running are forms of the same lexeme, but run is the lemma.
Morphology
In English, the lemma of a noun is the singular: e.g., mouse rather than mice. In languages with gender, the head word of regular adjectives and nouns is usually the masculine singular. If the language also has cases, the lemma is often the masculine singular nominative.
In many languages, the citation form of a verb is the infinitive: French aller, German gehen, Spanish ir. In English it usually is the full infinitive (to go) although alphabetized without 'to' (go).
Difference between stem and lemma
In computational linguistics, a stem is the part of the word that never changes even when different forms of the word are used. A lemma is the base form of the verb. For example, from "produced", the lemma is "produce", but the stem is "produc-". This is because there are words such as production. When sound (phonology) is taken into account, the definition of the unchangeable part of the word is not so useful. Notice the sound of the words in the example: "produced" versus "production" .
Some lexemes have several stems but one lemma. For instance "to go" (the lemma) has the stems "go" and "went". Here, the past tense is based on a different verb, "to wend". The "-t" suffix is equivalent to "-ed".
References
Linguistics
Nicholas Lash

Nicholas Langrishe Alleyne Lash (6 April 1934 - 11 July 2020) was an English Roman Catholic theologian. He worked for a short while as a Roman Catholic priest. He held for twenty years the post of Norris-Hulse Professor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge from 1978 to 1999.
Lash died on 11 July 2020, aged 86.
References
1934 births
2020 deaths
English theologians
English Roman Catholics