pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Power consumption

In electrical engineering, power consumption refers to the electrical energy per unit time, supplied to operate something, such as a home appliance. Power consumption is usually measured in units of watts (W) or kilowatts (kW).
The energy used by equipment is always more than the energy really needed. This is because no equipment is 100% efficient. Power is wasted as heat, vibrations and/or electromagnetic radiation. For example, a light bulb does not only convert electric power into light; it also makes some heat.
References
Electrical engineering
Morpho

A Morpho is a butterfly in one of over 29 species and 147 subspecies in the genus Morpho.
Morphos are Neotropical butterflies found mostly in South America, Mexico and Central America. Morphos range in wingspan from the 7.5 cm (3 inch) M. rhodopteron to the imposing 20 cm (8 inch) Sunset Morpho, M. hecuba.
Colours
Many Morpho butterflies are coloured in metallic, shimmering shades of blue and green. These colours are not caused by pigment. They are an example of iridescence: light reflects through the microscopic scales covering the Morpho's wings.
Sexual dimorphism
The blue Morpho species have sexual dimorphism. In some species only the males are iridescent blue, the females are camouflaged brown and yellow. In other species the females are partially iridescent but less blue than the males.
Biology
Habitat
Their habitat is the primary forests of the Amazon and Atlantic. They can breed in other forested habitats, for instance the dry deciduous woodlands of Nicaragua and in secondary forests.
Flight
Morphos are strong fliers, found at altitudes between sea level and about 1400 m. Morphos are diurnal: males spend the mornings patrolling along forest streams and rivers. They are territorial and will chase any rivals. Morphos typically live alone out of the mating season.
Protection
The adults are usually palatable, but hard to catch because they are such strong fliers. Birds find it very hard to catch them.
The conspicuous blue coloration shared by most Morpho species may be a case of Mullerian mimicry, or may be 'pursuit aposematism'. This means the bird learns that the colour says, in effect, "don't waste your energy, you can't catch me".
Life cycle
The entire life cycle of the Morpho butterfly, from egg to death, is approximately 115 days.
Although the adults are palatable, the larvae are not. Their hairs are irritating, and when disturbed they secrete a noxious fluid which smells like rancid butter. The strong odour is a defence against predators.
The caterpillar will molt five times before entering the pupal stage. The bulbous chrysalis is pale-green or jade-green and emits a repulsive, ultrasonic sound when touched. It is suspended from a stem or leaf of the foodplant.
References
Nymphalidae
List of cities in Arkansas

This page is an alphabetical list of cities and towns in Arkansas.
A
Alma
Arkadelphia
Arkansas City
Ash Flat
Ashdown
Atkins
Augusta
B
Bald Knob
Barling
Barton
Batesville
Bauxite
Bearden
Beaver
Bee Branch
Beebe
Bella Vista
Benton
Bentonville
Berryville
Bigelow
Biggers
Bismarck
Black Oak
Black Rock
Bluff City
Blytheville
Boles
Bono
Bonnerdale
Booneville
Boxley
Bradley
Branch
Brinkley
Brookland
Bruno
Bryant
Buffalo City
Bull Shoals
Burlington
C
Cabot
Canehill
Calico Rock
Camden
Carlisle
Carolan
Cave City
Centerton
Charleston
Cherokee Village
Clarendon
Clarksville
Clinton
Conway
Compton
Corning
Cotter
Crossett
Curtis
Cotton Plant
cotton belt
Cushman
D
Danville
Dardanelle
De Queen
De Witt
Decatur
Delaplaine
Dermott
Des Arc
Diamond City
Diaz
Doddridge
Donaldson
Dover
Dumas
E
Egypt
Elaine
El Dorado
Emmet
Enola
Eudora
Eureka Springs
Evening Shade
England
F
Fayetteville
Fairfield Bay
Faircloth
Farmington
Fifty-Six
Fisher
Flippin
Floral
Fordyce
Forrest City
Fort Smith
Fountain Lake
Fouke
Friendship
G
Gassville
Gentry
Gosnell
Gravette
Greenbrier
Greenwood
Guion
Gurdon
Guy
Genoa
H
Hamburg
Hampton
Hardy
Harrison
Heber Springs
Highland
Holly Mountain
Hope
Hot Springs
Horatio
Hoxie
Harrisburg
J
Jacksonville
Jersey
Jonesboro
K
Keo
Kibler
kirby
L
Lake Village
Lake City
Lakeview
Lavaca
Leachville
Lead Hill
Leola
Leslie
Lincoln
Little Rock
Lockesburg
London
Lonoke
Lonsdale
Lowell
M
Madison
Magazine
Magnolia
Malvern
Mammoth Spring
Mansfield
Marianna
Marion
Marked Tree
Marmaduke
Marshall
Marvell
Mayflower
Maumelle
McGehee
Melbourne
Mena
Monticello
Morning Star
Morrilton
Mount George
Mount Holly
Mount Ida
Mount Vernon
Mountain Home
Mountain View
Mountainburg
Mountain Pine
N
Nashville
Natural Steps
Newport
Norfork
North Little Rock
O
Ola
Omaha
Osceola
Ozark
P
Palestine
Paragould
Paris
Pea Ridge
Peach Orchard
Perryville
Pfeiffer
Piggott
Pine Bluff
Pindall
Pocahontas
Poyen
Pottsville
Prairie Grove
Prescott
Pyatt
Q
Quitman
R
Ravenden
Rector
Reed
Reno
Rocky
Rogers
Romance
Russellville
S
Salem in Fulton County
Salem in Saline County
Scranton
Searcy
Sedgwick
Sheridan
Sherwood
Shirley
Sidney
Siloam Springs
Smackover
Springdale
St. Joe
Stamps
Star City
Stuttgart
Subiaco
Sulphur Springs
T
Texarkana
Trumann
Tuckerman
V
Van Buren
Vilonia
Viola
W
Waldenburg
Waldo
Waldron
Walker Creek
Walnut Ridge
Warren
Weiner
West Fork
West Helena
West Memphis
White Hall
Wilton
Winslow
Wright
Wynne
Y
Yellville
Related pages
List of counties in Arkansas
Arkansas-related lists
Arkansas
Vicki Lansky

Vicki Lee Lansky (nee Rogosin; January 6, 1942 - January 15, 2017) was an American author and publisher. She wrote parenting books and other advice books. She wrote over forty books, first with Feed Me I'm Yours. Other books she wrote include Divorce Book for Parents, 101 Ways To Tell Your Sweetheart "I Love You" and five "101 Ways" books. Her books sold over six million copies.
Lansky was born in Louisville, Kentucky and grew up in Westchester, New York. She had two children with her first husband, Bruce. They later divorced. In 2008, she married Stephen M. Schaefer.
Lansky died from cirrhosis on January 15, 2017 in Plymouth, Minnesota. She was 75.
References
1942 births
2017 deaths
American children's writers
Deaths from cirrhosis
Disease-related deaths in Minnesota
Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
Writers from New York (state)
Armenia

Armenia (Armenian: Hayastan, Hayastan), officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country located in the Armenian Highlands, spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia.
History
Hayasa-Azzi may have played a significant role in the ethnicity of Armenians. It has an ancient cultural heritage. One of the earliest Armenian kingdoms such as Urartu was established in 860 BC and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia. The Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC and became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion in the late 3rd or early 4th century AD. The official date of state adoption of Christianity is 301.
Foreign invasion
Between the 16th century and 19th century, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and Iranian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire, while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule.
20th century
During World War I, Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically
exterminated in the Armenian Genocide, perpetrated by Ottoman Young Turks. Around 1.5 million people were slaughtered and many more deported. In 1918, following the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries declared their independence after the Russian Empire ceased to exist, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and in 1922 became a founding member of the Soviet Union. In 1936, the Transcaucasian state was dissolved, transforming its constituent states, including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, into full Union republics. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
21st century
Administrative divisions
Armenia is divided into ten provinces, with the city of Yerevan having special administrative status as the country's capital. The chief executive in each of the ten provinces is the marzpet (marz governor), appointed by the government of Armenia. In Yerevan, the chief executive is the mayor, appointed by the president.
, Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural.
+ 2011 censusSources: Area and population of provinces.
Culture
Armenia is a Christian majority country, with European and some wider Eurasian cultural influences. The Republic of Armenia recognises the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment. The unique Armenian alphabet was invented by Mesrop Mashtots in 405 AD.
Armenia is a member of the Council of Europe, the Eurasian Economic Union and the Collective Security Treaty Organization. Armenia supports the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh, which was proclaimed in 1991.
Gallery
References
Notes
Armenia
Caucasus
Ordu

Ordu is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Karadeniz Region. In 2013, 186,097 people lived there.
Cities in Turkey
Black Sea port cities and towns in Turkey
White-cheeked barbet

The white-cheeked barbet or small green barbet (Psilopogon viridis) is bird. It is an Asian barbet. It lives in southern India. It looks like the brown-headed barbet (or large green barbet) (Psilopogon zeylanica) but it has a different supercilium and a broad white cheek stripe below the eye. It lives in forests in the Western Ghats and other hills near the Western Ghats.
These birds eat mainly fruits, but also sometimes eat insects. These birds rarely visit the ground, obtaining their water from their fruit diet.They live in hollows of trees. Their call is a kutroo - kutroo. They also live in Bangalore.
Behaviour and description
They are identified by their white cheek, also giving them their name. They are hard to spot, as they are green and look very much like a leaf. They also sit still and upright.They sometimes are found in small groups in fruiting trees, along with other fruit-eating birds (frugivores) like green pigeons, bulbuls and mynas. They live in broadleaved forests, gardens and groves.
References
Birds of the Indian Subcontinent, Oxford University Press, Helm Field Guides-2010
Piciformes
Birds of India
IUCN Red List least concern species
Planck mass

The Planck mass is a small unit of mass used in physics. It is derived using an equation involving Planck's constant, the speed of light in a vacuum, and the gravitational constant. It is approximately 21.76 mg, which is about the mass of a grain of rice.
The idea was to have a definition based only on fundamental universal constants.
Physical quantity
Units of mass
Crónicas

Cronicas is a 2004 Ecuadorian Mexican thriller movie directed by Sebastian Cordero and starring John Leguizamo, Damian Alcazar, Jose Maria Yazpik, Leonor Watling, Alfred Molina, Camilo Luzuriaga.
Other websites
2004 thriller movies
Ecuadorian movies
Mexican thriller movies
Friona, Texas

Friona is a city in Parmer County, Texas, United States. In 2010, 4,123 people lived in Friona.
Cities in Texas
Marvin Rees

Marvin Johnathan Rees (born April 1972) is a British politician. Since May 2016, he has served as mayor of Bristol. He is a member of the Labour Party.
Rees grew up in Bristol. He is mixed race. His mother is British, and his father is Jamaican. He is married and has three children.
References
1972 births
Living people
Black British people
British mayors
Labour Party (UK) people
People from Bristol
Valea Mare, Covasna

Valea Mare (Hungarian: Nagypatak) is a commune in Covasna County, Romania. About 1,140 people lived in Valea Mare as of the year 2002.
Valea Mare
Transylvania
Rock n Roll

Rock n Roll is a song by singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. This song is on her self titled album which was released in 2013. The song is a message to her fans that even though she is older now, that doesn't take away the fact that she's still the same rock chick she introduced herself as in 2002. This song has a similar feel to her other song titled "Smile" (which is on her "Goodbye Lullaby" album, released in 2011). They both express how the young lady still has some edge to her despite the changing times. In the "Rock n Roll" music video, Avril plays a bisexual character and at one point in the video, she kisses her partner on the lips before she gets in a car crash. The music video really adds to the idea that this song is about simply not giving a flip and just having fun with your life.
Avril Lavigne songs
Enrique González

Enrique Gonzalez Delgado is a equestrian from Mexico. Delgado competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was born on 19 May 1964.
References
Other websites
1964 births
Living people
Equestrians
Mexican Olympians
Sportspeople from Mexico City
Traenheim

Traenheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Hidden Figures

Hidden Figures is a 2016 American biographical drama movie directed by Theodore Melfi and written by Melfi and Allison Schroeder. It is loosely based on the 2016 non-fiction book of the same name by Margot Lee Shetterly.
Plot
It is about black female mathematicians who worked at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) during the Space Race.
Cast
The movie stars Taraji P. Henson as Katherine Johnson. The movie also stars Octavia Spencer as NASA supervisor and mathematician Dorothy Vaughan and Janelle Monae as NASA engineer Mary Jackson.
Kevin Costner, Kirsten Dunst, Jim Parsons, Mahershala Ali, Aldis Hodge and Glen Powell also star in supporting roles.
Release
Hidden Figures had a limited release on December 25, 2016, by 20th Century Fox, before going wide in the United States on
January 6, 2017. It had strong positive reviews and was named by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten movies of 2016.
References
2016 drama movies
2010s biographical movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Second City Television

Second City Television is a Canadian sketch comedy television series that first aired on September 21, 1976 and last aired on July 17, 1984. The series had 6 seasons and made 135 episodes. One of SCTV's most popular sketches was the Bob & Doug McKenzie sketches which featured Bob who was played by Rick Moranis and Doug is played by Dave Thomas. The sketch was so popular that it was given its own animated show in 2009 and was featured on the 2002 episode, "The Bart Wants What It Wants" of The Simpsons when they visit Toronto.
In Canada, reruns are shown on The Comedy Network.
References
Other websites
SCTV at tv.com
Canadian television series
1976 television series debuts
Comedy television series
English-language television programs
Teya (singer)

Teodora Spiric (born 12 April 2000), known professionally as Teya, is an Austrian singer and songwriter. She is best known for the song "Who the Hell is Edgar?", which she wrote alongside Salena. She was born in Vienna to Serbian parents.
Career
Teya began her singing career in 2018. In 2020, she applied to represent Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, but failed to do so. She also applied to represent Serbia, but also did not manage.
In 2021, Teya entered as a contestant on the Austrian reality show Starmania. She was eliminated before the final, finishing in 8th place.
In 2023, it was announced that she would represent Austria in Eurovision 2023, alongside Salena, who she met on Starmania, with the song "Who the Hell is Edgar?". They were runners-up in the second semi-final and finished in 15th place in the Grand Final.
2000 births
Living people
People from Vienna
Austrian singers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
1754

1754 was a common year.
Events
June 19 - The Albany Convention of New England Colonies proposes an American Union
July - Columbia University founded as King's College by royal charter of King George II of England. The college was originally in Lower Manhattan. Instruction was suspended in 1776 and the school would be reopened in 1784 as Columbia College. With the college's growth in the 19th Century, it would be renamed Columbia University in 1896.
Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Mahmud I (1730-1754) to Osman III (1754-1757)
Beginning of the French and Indian War in North America.
Britain and its colonies adopted a new Marriage Act that formulated many of the rules of modern marriage.
Births
September 9 - William Bligh, Captain of the Bounty, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1817)
nv:1751 - 1800
Flybe

Flybe Group PLC (Known as flybe) was a low-cost regional airline group in Exeter, Devon, England. It had over 180 routes to 65 European airports and was Europe's biggest regional airline. Over 6.7 million passengers travelled with them during 2010. The airline was on the London Stock Exchange (), and payed around 2,800 people.
In February 2019, Flybe airline was sold to the Connect Airways consortium, backed by Virgin Atlantic and Stobart Aviation. They planned to rebrand Flybe as Virgin Connect while keeping its certifications. On 5 March 2020, Flybe filed for administration and ceased operations due to financial struggles worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.
In October 2020, the Flybe brand was purchased by Thyme Opco, linked to former shareholder Cyrus Capital. They aimed to relaunch the airline in 2021, pending regulatory approvals. The new company was named Flybe Limited and started operating in April 2022. However, the relaunched airline stopped trading on 28 January 2023.
References
1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
Airlines of the United Kingdom
Low-cost airlines
William Gallas

William Gallas (born 17 August 1977) is a French football player. He plays for Arsenal in England. He plays as a Defender.
Before joining Arsenal, Gallas has played for Olympique Marseille of France and Chelsea of England. He also played for France in the 2006 World Cup, winning the runner-up. In 2006 he turned to join Arsenal.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Caen||Division 2||16||0||||||||||||||16||0
|-
|1996/97||Division 1||18||0||||||||||||||18||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="4"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="4"|Division 1||3||0||||||||||||||3||0
|-
|1998/99||30||0||||||||||||||30||0
|-
|1999/00||22||0||||||||||||||22||0
|-
|2000/01||29||2||||||||||||||29||2
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Chelsea||rowspan="5"|Premier League||30||1||||||||||||||30||1
|-
|2002/03||38||4||||||||||||||38||4
|-
|2003/04||29||0||||||||||||||29||0
|-
|2004/05||28||2||||||||||||||28||2
|-
|2005/06||34||5||||||||||||||34||5
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Arsenal||rowspan="4"|Premier League||21||3||2||0||0||0||6||0||29||3
|-
|2007/08||31||4||2||0||1||0||8||0||42||4
|-
|2008/09||23||2||4||1||0||0||9||3||36||6
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
118||2||||||||||||||118||2
234||21||8||1||1||0||23||3||266||25
351||23||8||1||1||0||23||3||383||27
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2002||3||0
|-
|2003||8||0
|-
|2004||15||0
|-
|2005||11||1
|-
|2006||15||1
|-
|2007||7||0
|-
|2008||10||0
|-
|2009||9||2
|-
|2010||6||0
|-
!Total||84||4
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
French footballers
Eilat Airport

Eilat Airport (, also known as J. Hozman Airport; ), or Hozman Airport, is an airport in Israel. It is in the coastal city of Eilat, in the south of the country.
Eilat Airport is a public airport, mainly for internal flights. It was established in 1949.
Other websites
1949 establishments
Airports in Israel
Eilat
1940s establishments in Israel
Ewa Demarczyk

Ewa Maria Demarczyk (16 January 1941, born in Krakow, Poland - 14 August 2020, in Krakow) is a Polish singer. She started singing in 1961. Two years later she won an award at the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole. Demarczyk ended her career in 1999. She has 3 albums.
References
Other websites
1941 births
2020 deaths
People from Krakow
Polish singers
Porsche 944

The Porsche 944 is a front engine four cylinder sports car. Porsche built the car from 1983 until 1991.
944
Kojiro Kaimoto

Kojiro Kaimoto (born 14 October 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1996||rowspan="5"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||5||0||0||0||5||0||10||0
|-
|1997||11||1||0||0||2||0||13||1
|-
|1998||13||0||0||0||0||0||13||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||18||2||1||0||2||0||21||2
|-
|2004||21||2||0||0||7||0||28||2
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||6||0||0||0||5||0||11||0
|-
|2006||5||0||0||0||1||0||6||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||26||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||27||1
|-
|2007||26||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|-
|2008||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
131||6||2||0||22||0||155||6
131||6||2||0||22||0||155||6
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Barnaby Joyce

Barnaby Thomas Gerard Joyce (born 17 April 1967) is an Australian politician. He is the leader of the National Party since June 2021. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Australia from 2021 until 2022. He served in these two positions before from February 2016 to February 2018, and was Deputy Prime Minister of Australia from February 2016 to October 2017 and from December 2017 to February 2018.
References
1967 births
Living people
Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia
Politicians from New South Wales
Beriev A-40

Beriev A-40 Albatros (Russian: Beriev A-40; NATO reporting name: Mermaid) was a Soviet jet engine powered amphibious flying boat that is developed from Beriev Be-200.
Soviet & Russian aircraft
English Channel

The English Channel is a body of water that separates the island of Great Britain from the rest of Europe. People who live in the UK and want to visit Europe, or people from Europe who want to visit the UK, can take a ferry across or ride a train under the channel in a special tunnel called the Channel Tunnel (nicknamed the Chunnel). Both the ferries and trains carry cars. It is 563 km long, 246 km wide, and its narrowest part (34 km) is the Strait of Dover. On a clear day, it is possible to see the cliffs of Dover from Calais on the French side.
In 1875, Matthew Webb became the first known person to swim the English Channel, crossing it in just under 22 hours. The first woman to do this was Gertrude Ederle. In 2004, over 600 people were recorded making the crossing. The fastest time was achieved by Bulgarian swimmer Peter Stoychev in 2007, who managed it in 7 hours. Recently, officials have outlawed swimming in the English Channel.
In France, it is known as La manche (The Sleeve).
Waterways
Giovanni Conso

Giovanni Battista Conso (23 March 1922 - 2 August 2015) was an Italian jurist who served on the Constitutional Court of Italy for nine years beginning in 1982, and has served as President of the Accademia dei Lincei from 1989 until his death in 2015.
Conso was the Minister of Justice between 1993 and 1994.
References
Other websites
1922 births
2015 deaths
Italian politicians
Italian judges
People from Turin
Eddie Colón

Edwin "Eddie" Carlos Colon (born December 21, 1982) is a Puerto Rican pro wrestler. He is currently working in the WWE where competes under the ring name Primo Colon. He is the son of Carlos Colon, Sr. and the younger brother of pro wrestlers Stacy and Carly Colon, who used to wrestle as Carlito in WWE. The brothers, known as The Colons, were the first team to win the WWE Tag Team Championship and the World Tag Team Championship at the same time, making them the first Unified WWE Tag Team Champions.
References
Other websites
WWE profile
1982 births
Living people
Puerto Rican professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Boris Nemtsov

Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov ( ; 9 October 195927 February 2015) was a Russian scientist, statesman and liberal politician. He had a successful political career during the 1990s under President Boris Yeltsin. Since 2000 had been an outspoken critic of Vladimir Putin. He was shot and killed in February 2015 for his pro-democracy views on Russia, probably by loyalists of Vladimir Putin, on a bridge near the Kremlin and Red Square in Moscow.
Nemtsov studied physics, and held the equivalent of a Phd in physics and mathematics, from the university of Nizhny Novgorod, which was called Gorki at the time.
References
1959 births
2015 deaths
Assassinated people
Murders by firearm in Russia
Russian murder victims
Russian politicians
Russian physicists
Sochi
Xia dynasty

Xia dynasty (Chinese: Xia Zhao ; Pinyin: xia chao; Wade-Giles: Hsia-ch'ao) was the first dynasty of China. It was founded in 2100 BC and ended in 1600 BC. Until archaeologists dug at Erlitou in Henan Province, many scientists were not sure if the Xia Dynasty was real or a myth. The last king was Jie who was said to be cruel and greedy. He was defeated by T'ang, the king of the Shang people from the east.
Kings of the Xia dynasty
Chinese dynasties
3rd-millennium BC people
2nd-millennium BC people
Yoshimi Osawa

was a Japanese judo player. He is one of only two living Kodokan 10th dan. He was born in Sakura, Chiba. He defeated the 1948 champion Yasuichi Matsumoto to win the Fukuoka tournament in November 1948.
He wrote the book Kodokan Judo: A Guide to Proficiency. Osawa was the head instructor at Waseda University.
Osawa died on 21 October 2022 from pneumonia at the age of 96.
References
1926 births
2022 deaths
Japanese judoka
Japanese writers
Deaths from pneumonia
Rivarolo Canavese

Rivarolo Canavese is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Canoe racing

Canoe racing is a water sport. The sport normally takes place on water that is moving very slowly or not moving at all. The goal of the sport is to move the canoe a given distance in the shortest time. This sport is an Olympic event. At one time, wooden boats were used for racing. Over time, people started using boats made of carbon fibers. These boats are lighter and tougher than wooden boats.
Classes
There are two main types of races. These are canoe (C1, C2, C4) and kayak (K1, K2, K4). The number tells how many people are on the boat. In a kayak, a person sits. In a canoe, a person kneels on one knee. A kayak has a rudder. It is used to steer the boat. A canoeist (person who uses a canoe) uses the paddle to move the boat. This is done by moving the paddle from the bow to the stern (front to back). After each race, the boats are looked at to make certain they are legal. If a boat does not have enough weight, the racer is disqualified and cannot win the race.
Races
Races are divided into several groups based on how long they are.
Short distance
In short distance races, the races are either 200 m, 500 m or 1000 m long. The path of the race is laid out using buoys. Each person has a separate path to follow from the starting line to the finish. On longer races, there may be a point where the paths cross each other to let the person turn their boat.
Long distance and marathon
Long distance races are 5000 m long. Marathon races are at least 15 km. Men's marathon has a minimum length of 20 km. Women's marathon has a minimum of 15 km. Most major races are 30 km or longer. There is no maximum distance for marathon races. There is a marathon race that is about 1000 km long on in the Yukon. The longer races are usually broken up into several parts and may be raced over several days. In long distance and marathon races, all racers start at the same time. They do not use intervals where the racers are started at different times.
Canoeing
Boat racing
Mägenwil

Magenwil is a municipality in Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Jack Coghill

John Bruce Coghill (September 24, 1925 - February 13, 2019) was an American politician and businessman. He was the 6th Lieutenant Governor of Alaska from 1990 to 1994 under Governor Walter Hickel. He was mayor of Nenana in the interior of Alaska for 22 years.
Coghill was a Republican, except from 1990 to 1994 where he was a member of the Alaskan Independence Party. He was well known in Alaskan political circles as "Mr. Republican."
Coghill was born in Fairbanks, Alaska. He died on February 13, 2019 at his son's home in North Pole, Alaska from a long-illness at the age of 93.
References
1925 births
2019 deaths
People from Fairbanks, Alaska
Businesspeople from Alaska
Lieutenant Governors of Alaska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Disease-related deaths in Alaska
Cue stick

A cue stick (or simply cue), is a kind of stick used for sports like pool, snooker and carom billiards. It is used to hit a ball, normally the cue ball. Cues are fixed-up sticks, normally about 58 inches (1.5 m) long and 18-21 ounces (510-600 g). Most cues are made of wood, but sometimes the wood is covered with other materials like carbon fiber or fiberglass. An old term for a cue, used from the 16th to early 19th centuries, is "billiard stick".
References
Cue sports
Truth in Numbers?

Truth in Numbers? Everything, According to Wikipedia is a movie about Wikipedia. It was shown at Wikimania 2010 in Gdansk.
Other websites
Official website
2010 movies
American documentary movies
English-language movies
Works about Wikipedia
Half Angel (1936 movie)

Half Angel is a 1936 American comedy movie directed by Sidney Lanfield and starring Frances Dee, Brian Donlevy, Charles Butterworth, Helen Westley, Henry Stephenson, Sara Haden, Julius Tannen. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1936 comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Sidney Lanfield
Pontevedra

Pontevedra () is a Spanish city in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. It is the capital of both the Comarca (County) and Province of Pontevedra, and of the Rias Baixas in Galicia. As of 2014, the population was 82,946.
References
Other websites
Concello de Pontevedra - Official site of the local government (in Galician and Spanish, with summarised versions in English and French)
Turismo en Pontevedra - Official site of the Pontevedra tourist board, maintained by the local government (in Galician, English, Spanish and French)
Galicia: cities to live, cities to enjoy (PDF; 13,7 MB)
Rias Baixas
Capital cities in Spain
Cities in Galicia
Municipalities in Galicia
Luoyang

Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province, China. It has also been spelled Loyang. It is located by the Luo River and Yellow River. In 2010, 6,549,941 people lived there.
Administrative divisions
Luoyang administers 5 "built-up" urban districts, 1 additional district, 1 county-level city, and 9 more rural counties:
Luoyang proper
Jianxi District ()
Xigong District ()
Laocheng District ()
Chanhe Hui District ()
Luolong District ()
Jili District (non-urban, )
Mengjin County ()
Xin'an County ()
Luoning County ()
Yiyang County ()
Yichuan County ()
Song County ()
Luanchuan County ()
Ruyang County ()
Cities in China
Henan
Robert Zoellick

Robert Bruce Zoellick (; ; born July 25, 1953) is an American lawyer and public official . He was the eleventh president of the World Bank from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2012. He was a managing director of Goldman Sachs, United States Deputy Secretary of State and U.S. Trade Representative, from February 7, 2001 until February 22, 2005.
Zoellick has been a senior fellow at Harvard's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs since ending his term with the World Bank. He is currently a Senior Counselor at Brunswick Group.
References
1953 births
Living people
United States Trade Representatives
Presidents of the World Bank Group
Politicians from Illinois
Lawyers from Illinois
Businesspeople from Illinois
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Naperville, Illinois
Glen Cove, New York

Glen Cove is a city in Nassau County, New York, United States. It is on the North Shore of Long Island. There were 26,964 people who lived there in 2010.
References
Cities in New York (state)
Lesser Poland and Świętokrzyskie (European Parliament constituency)

Lesser Poland and Swietokrzyskie (, officially called Poland's 10th European Parliament constituency (), is a European Parliament constituency in Poland. It represents the Lesser Poland and Swietokrzyskie Voivodeships. It was created in 2004.
Election results
References
European Parliament constituencies in Poland
Marry Me (2022 movie)

Marry Me is a 2022 American romantic comedy drama movie directed by Kat Coiro. It is based on the graphic novel of the same name by Bobby Crosby. It stars Jennifer Lopez as Kat Valdez, a pop star who decides to marry a stranger holding a "Marry Me" sign (played by Owen Wilson). It also stars Maluma, John Bradley, Sarah Silverman, and Chloe Coleman.
It was released in theatres and on Peacock (a streaming service) on February 11, 2022 to mixed reviews.
References
2022 comedy-drama movies
2022 romantic comedy movies
2020s romantic drama movies
2020s English-language movies
Movies based on books
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies set in Manhattan
Movies about marriage
Leulinghen-Bernes

Leulinghen-Bernes is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Denver Pyle

Denver Dell Pyle (May 11, 1920 - December 25, 1997) was an American actor, businessman and director.
He was well known for his roles as Briscoe Darling Jr. in The Andy Griffith Show, as Jesse Duke in The Dukes of Hazzard during 1979-1985, as Mad Jack in the NBC television series The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams.
References
1920 births
1997 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
American military personnel of World War II
American television actors
Deaths from lung cancer
Businesspeople from Colorado
Actors from Colorado
Coppins

Coppins is an English country house in the village of Iver in Buckinghamshire. It was changed for Princess Victoria, a daughter of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. After her father's death, Princess Victoria stayed with Queen Alexandra at Sandringham House as her mother's companion. After Queen Alexandra's death in 1925, Princess Victoria moved into Coppins, which had a "relaxed air of a holiday villa". Victoria lived for another ten years, dying at Coppins on 2 December 1935, aged 67. She left the house to her nephew, Prince George, the Duke of Kent, and his wife Princess Marina. It was owned by the Kent family for two generations, and was sold in 1973 to Commander Eli Gottlieb.
Notes
Sources
Van der Kiste, John, Edward VII's Children (Sutton Publishing, Gloucestershire), 2004.
Royal residences in the United Kingdom
Tahiti

Tahiti is an island in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is part of the French Polynesia. Papeete is the capital and largest city. Other major cities are Faaa and Mahina. About 169 674 people live there (2002). The languages that are spoken in Tahiti are French and Tahitian which are both official. In Tahiti (in the Society group) - was claimed by the French in 1768. The Faaa International Airport is the main way of transportation on the island. Air Tahiti Nui is the main plane of the airport which flies to Los Angeles and Paris. Other planes fly to Hawaii, Japan, and other islands in the Pacific Ocean. Air Tahiti flies to other islands in French Polynesia such as Bora Bora.Coconut trees grow along the coast of Tahiti.
References
Islands of French Polynesia
Bsoft

Bsoft is a collection of software for image and molecular processing in structural biology and medicine. It has a user-friendly interface. Several workflows such as for single particle analysis and tomography are also supported.
Current Bsoft release supports such operating systems: Unix (Mac OS X, IRIX, Linux, AIX, Solaris, Tru64), OpenVMS
Publications
Heymann JB (2001) Bsoft: Image and molecular processing in electron microscopy. Journal of Structural Biology 133(2/3), 156 - 169.
Heymann JB and Belnap DM (2007) Bsoft: Image processing and molecular modeling for electron microscopy. Journal of Structural Biology 157(1), 3 - 18.
Heymann JB, Cardone G, Winkler DC and Steven AC (2008) Computational resources for cryo-electron tomography in Bsoft. Journal of Structural Biology 161(3), 232 - 242.
Heymann JB (2018) Guidelines for using Bsoft for high resolution reconstruction and validation of biomolecular structures from electron micrographs. Protein Science 27(1), 159-171.
Heymann JB (2018) Single particle reconstruction and validation using Bsoft for the Map Challenge. Journal of Structural Biology 204(1), 90-95.
Software
Non-Newtonian fluid

A non-Newtonian fluid is a thixotropic fluid which changes its viscosity when the forces on it change.
Other flow properties may also be affected. Most commonly viscosity of such fluids is not independent of the shear rate or the shear rate history. Examples of such fluids are blood, quicksand and certain components of cement. Many lubricants, ketchup, and oobleck. Also certain forms of dough and pudding also have this property.
The other kind of fluids that do not show this behavior is called Newtonian fluids.
It is very simple to make a non-Newtonian fluid at home. All one needs is water and cornstarch. Mix these two ingredients together at a rate of one part cornstarch and one and a half parts water. That makes a non-Newtonian fluid called oobleck.
Related pages
Mudslide
Avalanche
Fluid mechanics
Everglades, Florida

Everglades City is a city in Collier County, Florida. Near the bottom of Everglades is Everglades National Park.
Cities in Florida
Roberto Bettega

Roberto Bettega (born 27 December 1950) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1969/70||Varese||Serie B||30||13||0||0||colspan="2"|-||30||13
|-
|1970/71||rowspan="13"|Juventus||rowspan="13"|Serie A||28||13||3||2||11||6||42||21
|-
|1971/72||14||10||4||1||5||4||23||15
|-
|1972/73||27||8||8||1||7||2||42||11
|-
|1973/74||24||8||5||2||2||0||31||10
|-
|1974/75||27||6||10||3||10||1||47||10
|-
|1975/76||29||15||3||2||4||1||36||18
|-
|1976/77||30||17||4||1||12||5||46||23
|-
|1977/78||30||11||4||2||7||2||41||15
|-
|1978/79||30||9||9||2||2||0||41||11
|-
|1979/80||28||16||4||0||8||1||40||17
|-
|1980/81||25||5||8||3||4||3||37||11
|-
|1981/82||7||5||4||2||3||1||14||8
|-
|1982/83||27||6||7||1||6||1||40||8
|-
|1983||rowspan="2"|Toronto Blizzard||rowspan="2"|NASL||16||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|-
|1984||23||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||8
356||142||73||22||81||27||510||191
39||10||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||39||10
395||152||73||22||81||27||549||201
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1975||2||0
|-
|1976||7||8
|-
|1977||5||6
|-
|1978||12||3
|-
|1979||2||0
|-
|1980||10||1
|-
|1981||3||1
|-
|1982||0||0
|-
|1983||1||0
|-
!Total||42||19
|}
References
1950 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Sportspeople from Turin
Saint-Pierre-de-Mézoargues

Saint-Pierre-de-Mezoargues is a commune of 250 people (2006). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Communes in Bouches-du-Rhone
INSEAD

INSEAD (Institut europeen d'administration des affaires) is an European higher studies establishment. The school is in 3 places, in Fontainebleau, France, in Abu Dhabi and in Singapore.
INSEAD is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management.
References
Further reading
INSEAD website
Education in France
Dr. Strangelove

Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (better known as only Dr. Strangelove) is a 1964 British-American black comedy movie directed and produced by Stanley Kubrick, and starring Peter Sellers.
The story concerns an unhinged United States Air Force general, George C. Scott as General Buck Turgidson. He orders a first strike nuclear attack on the Soviet Union. It follows the President, his advisers, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and a Royal Air Force (RAF) officer as they try to recall the bombers to prevent a nuclear apocalypse. It separately follows the crew of one B-52 bomber as they try to deliver their payload.
The key to the film is the acting of Peter Sellers, who played three main roles:
Dr. Strangelove, the President's Scientific Adviser in the War Room. This role is the key to the film's success. Strangelove, a wheelchair-using former Nazi scientist, has become a naturalized U.S. citizen. His former role slips into the film via his right arm, with its black-gloved hand. The arm persists in giving the Nazi salute, and Strangelove occasionally refers to the President as Mein Fuhrer. The accent is a brilliant copy of such German-origin Americans as Edward Teller, the "father of the H-bomb".
President Merkin Muffley, played as a decent midwesterner, such as Adlai Stevenson.
Group Captain Lionel Mandrake of the RAF, one of the minor roles.
During the movie's ending, the world is blown up by a Soviet deterrence weapon, the Cobalt-Thorium G "doomsday machine", whose existence had not been announced. Vera Lynn's recording of "We'll Meet Again" is played as the world meets its end (it was a famous song of World War II).
This is sometimes said to be a film of the book Peter George's thriller novel Red Alert (1958). But in this book Strangelove's character does not appear. It seems the director Stanley Kubrick had intended to use ideas from the book, but as the film developed the influence of tragi-comedy and the genius of Peter Sellers changed its direction.
In 1989, the United States Library of Congress chose this movie to be kept in the National Film Registry. This means the movie will be protected from damage that happens to older film that was used to make movies.
Release dates
References
Other websites
Happy Birthday, Dr. Strangelove! April 3, 2014 Issue of The New York Review of Books
1964 comedy movies
American comedy movies
British comedy movies
BAFTA Award winners
1960s English-language movies
Movies directed by Stanley Kubrick
United States National Film Registry movies
Multilingual movies
1960s black comedy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Apocalyptic movies
A∴A∴

The AA (Latin: Argenteum Astrum or Greek: Astron Argon, "Astron Argon", both literally; "Silver star", alternately, Latin: Arcanum Arcanorum, is a magical order created by Aleister Crowley in 1907 after leaving the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. It is a Thelemic magical fraternity in which the holy book of the order is The Book of the Law. Its motto is: "The method of science, the aim of religion." While the AA was not part of Ordo Templi Orientis, the O.T.O. did consider the AA to be a close ally.
Various lineages of the AA survive today that can be traced back to the founders Aleister Crowley and George Cecil Jones.
References
Sources
Crowley, Aleister (1990). "An Account of AA" in The Equinox (Vol. I, No. 1). York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser.
Wasserman, James (2004). "Introduction" in Aleister Crowley and the Practice of the Magical Diary. York Beach, ME: Redwheel/Weiser
Lineage links
Crowley via Grady McMurtry lineage: Clerk Houses of Grady Louis McMurtry's A.'.A.'. Lineage
Crowley via Jane Wolfe lineage: The Order A.'.A.'.
Motta via Frater Adjuvo lineage: ASTRVM ARGENTVM
Motta via David Bersson lineage: Castletower.org
Motta via Ray Eales lineage: AATHELEMA
A lineage noted by the OTO: outercol.org
Occult
1907 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in the United Kingdom
Katara

Katara is a fictional character in Nickelodeon's animated television series Avatar: The Last Airbender. The character and series were created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko.
Katara is voiced by Mae Whitman and will be played by Kiawentiio Tarbell in the live action television remake. Her family is her brother Sokka, her father Hakoda, her mother Kya, and her grandmother Kanna.
References
Animated characters
Characters of Avatar: The Last Airbender
Fictional characters introduced in 2005
Sonic & Knuckles

Sonic & Knuckles is the fourth video game in the Sonic the Hedgehog series. It was made by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Mega Drive in 1994. In the game, you are able to play as Sonic the Hedgehog and Knuckles the Echidna. You can insert a Sonic the Hedgehog 2 or Sonic the Hedgehog 3 cartridge into it and you will get new modes for those games. This is called Lock-on Technology.
How to play the game
This game is similar to Sonic the Hedgehog 3. The point of the game is to collect Rings, defeat robots and get to the end of a Zone.
In Sonic and Knuckles, there are eight Zones. But only Super Sonic can reach the last Zone of the game. Only Sonic or Tails can play the second to last Zone, the Death Egg. Most zones have two levels, which are named "acts" in the game. At the end of every act 1, you've got to fight one of Dr. Eggman's robots, and at the end of every act 2, you've got to fight Dr. Eggman himself. There are small robots called "Badniks" in the acts. Most of them can be destroyed if you jump on them. If the badnik is destroyed, a little animal jumps out of it.
Rings are floating in the air and they are gold. If you collect 100 or 200 Rings, you get a life. If you have no Rings and something hits you (for example, a badnik, spike, or Dr. Eggman), you lose a life.
There are also Starposts in the acts. If you hit a Starpost, it will spin for a bit, and if you lose a life, you restart at the last Starpost you touched. Starposts can be used to go to the Bonus Stage, if you touch them if you have 20 or more Rings. Then, a ring made of stars will spin above the Starpost, and if you jump into it, you go to the Bonus Stage.
Notes
Sonic the Hedgehog games
1994 video games
Platform games
Sega Genesis games
Video games developed in Japan
Video game sequels
Gregory the Illuminator

Saint Gregory the Illuminator or Saint Gregory the Enlightener (Armenian: Grigor Lowsaworich` translit. Grigor Lusavorich, Greek: Gregorios Phoster or Photistes, Gregorios Phoster or Photistes), the founder and patron saint of the Armenian Apostolic Church, he was born about 257.
He belonged to the royal line of the Arsacid Dynasty, being the son of a Parthian named Anak, who assassinated Chosroes I of Armenia, and thus brought ruin on himself and his family.
Other websites
New Advent - Gregory the Illuminator
Armenian Church Website
Armenian Apostolic Churches
Valdelagua del Cerro

Valdelagua del Cerro is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain. It has a church, built in Romanesque style, dating from the 13th century.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
David Giler

David Kevin Giler (July 23, 1943 - December 19, 2020) was an American screenwriter and television director. His career began in 1962 and he retired in 2017. He was best known for writing the screenplay for Aliens, Fun with Dick and Jane and The Money Pit.
Giler was married to actress Nancy Kwan from 1970 until their divorce in 1972.
On December 19, 2020, he died of cancer at his home in Bangkok, Thailand at the age of 77.
References
1943 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in Thailand
American television writers
American television directors
American television producers
American screenwriters
Lavaca, Arkansas

Lavaca is a city in the US state of Arkansas. It is in Sebastian County.
Cities in Arkansas
Sebastian County, Arkansas