pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kenneth Arrow

Kenneth Joseph Arrow (August 23, 1921 - February 21, 2017) was an American economist. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics with John Hicks in 1972. Until 2019, he was the youngest person to have received this award, at 51.
Early life
Arrow was born on August 23, 1921 in New York City, New York. He studied at the City College of New York and at Columbia University. Arrow married Selma Schweitzer in 1947. They had two sons.
Career
In economics, he was thought be an important figure in post-World War II neo-classical economic theory. Many of his former graduate students have gone on to win the Nobel Prize themselves.
Arrow was active on the international scene through a variety of initiatives including trustee of Economists for Peace and Security and a member of the Advisory Board of Incentives for Global Health, the not-for-profit behind the Health Impact Fund.
Death
Arrow died on February 21, 2017 from natural causes at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 95.
References
Other websites
Collected Papers of Kenneth J. Arrow
Kenneth Arrow at stanford.edu
Autobiography at nobel.se
Kenneth Arrow Profile at cepa.newschool.edu
Social Choice and Individual Values
Photos of Kenneth Arrow
IDEAS/RePEc
Kenneth J. Arrow: Nobel Prize in Economics Recipient by Seymour "Sy" Brody, Florida Atlantic University Libraries
1921 births
2017 deaths
American economists
Jewish American academics
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Nobel Prize in Economics winners
Stanford University faculty
Harvard University faculty
Bananarama

Bananarama are a British female pop duo. The current band members are Sara Dallin and Keren Woodward. The group was formed in 1979 in London by Dallin, Woodward and Siobhan Fahey. The group had their first hit in 1982. Fahey was replaced by Jacquie O'Sullivan in 1988. O'Sullivan left in 1991.
Studio albums
Deep Sea Skiving (1983)
Bananarama (1984)
True Confessions (1986)
Wow! (1987)
Pop Life (1991)
Please Yourself (1993)
Ultra Violet (1995)
Exotica (2001)
Drama (2005)
Viva (2009)
In Stereo (2019)
Other websites
Official website
1979 establishments in England
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
British girl groups
English pop music groups
Musical duos
Musical groups established in 1979
Musical groups from London
Musical trios
FIFA 100

The FIFA 100 is a list of 125 footballers chosen by Brazilian football legend Pele. He made his choices based on who he thought were the best living footballers in the world. It was presented on 4 March 2004 at a ceremony in London.
The number 100 represents the 100th anniversary of FIFA and not the number of players selected. The list has 123 male players and 2 female players. At the time the list was selected, 50 players were active and 75 were retired.
List
This is the list of the "FIFA 100" greatest living footballers as chosen by Pele.
An asterisk (*) marks players who still played in 2004.
Players who are still playing in 2020 are in italics.
References
2004 in association football
FIFA
Association football
Football-related lists
Verismo

Verismo is a word which refers to a type of literature and a type of opera that was popular towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The Italian word "verismo" means "realism".
In literature the main verismo writers were the Frenchman Emile Zola, the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen and the Italian writer Giovanni Verga. The composer Pietro Mascagni used a story by Verga for his opera Cavalleria rusticana. This was a short, one-act opera which became extremely popular. Several composers were inspired by it and wrote similar works. The only one of these which is still regularly performed is Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo. These two short operas are often performed on the same evening. They are known together as "Cav and Pag".
Verismo operas are generally based on stories about ordinary people from the working classes rather than about kings or gods or aristocrats. There is often a lot of violence in the stories as people love one another with great passions, which often leads to murder. Bizet's opera Carmen is typical of that kind of story, although it was composed before the verismo tradition was really popular.
References
New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980;
Opera genres
Opera terminology
Literature
Fred Stobaugh

Fred Stobaugh (August 22, 1917 - November 23, 2016) was an American retired driver and songwriter. He became well known after he submitted a song, "Oh Sweet Lorraine", to a music competition. The song was about his wife of 72 years. It became a viral video in September 2013. The song was soon entered in the Billboard Hot 100.
Personal life
Stobaugh was born on August 22, 1917 in Peoria, Illinois. He met his wife Lorraine Dinquel in 1938. They were married in 1940. They had three children. Dinquel died in April 2013.
Stobaugh died on November 23, 2016 in Peoria, aged 99.
Oh Sweet Lorraine
A few months after his wife's death, Stobaugh wrote the song "Oh Sweet Lorraine". He entered a singer-songwriter competition hosted by Green Shoe Studio. The video of their recording sessions attracted more than six million hits on YouTube and Vimeo. In September 2013, the song entered the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 42. He is the oldest artist to have appeared on the Hot 100.
Songs
References
Other websites
A Letter From Fred at greenshoestudio.com
1917 births
2017 deaths
American songwriters
Writers from Peoria, Illinois
Musicians from Peoria, Illinois
Burnage

Burnage is a suburb of the City of Manchester in North West England. It lies about four miles (6.4 km) south of Manchester city centre. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 13,706.
References
Other websites
2002: Burnage
ManchesterOnline Spotlight On Burnage Site
British History Online: Burnage
Burnage High School
The Barlow School
2001 Census results for Burnage
Districts of Manchester
Voiceless labiodental affricate

The voiceless labiodental affricate is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English. A similar sound, [pf], is in German, written pf, as in pferd.
Consonants
Flag of Ambazonia

The flag of Ambazonia is the national flag of Ambazonia.
Ambazonia
Ambazonia
Arces-Dilo

Arces-Dilo is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Mount Kyllini

Mount Kyllini or Mount Cyllene , sometimes Zeria, is a mountain on the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece. It is famous for its association with the god Hermes. Mount Kyllini rises to above sea level. This makes it the second highest point on the peninsula. It is located near the border between the historic regions of Arcadia and Achaea--in the northeast of Arcadia. It is located west of Corinth, northwest of Stymfalia, north of Tripoli, and south of Derveni.
Much of the mountain is desolate and rocky. The area below is largely forested. There is an observatory at , at 22.67 east longitude and 37.97 north latitude. Roads pass near the southern and western slopes, but there are not many on the mountain itself, as much of the mountain is part of a park.
References
Mountains of Greece
François Chau

Francois Chau (born October 26, 1959) is a Cambodian American actor. He was known for his roles as Dr. Pierre Chang in ABC's Lost.
References
1959 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Cambodian people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Kinder Joy

A Kinder Joy is an egg-shaped candy. It was first released in 2001 in Italy. It has 2 cocoa balls, milk cream, and chocolate on the bottom on one side. On the other side, it has a spoon on the top of the outside of it and a toy.
On November 13, 2017, it was announced that it will be released in the United States in the next week after that.
References
Candy
Orkdal

Orkdal is a former city in Trondelag county, Norway. The city was founded in 1838. It was dissolved in 2020 when it joined Orkland Municipality.
It had a population of 11,933 in 2020 and was the 188th largest city in Norway.
References
Cities in Norway
Carolinas

The Carolinas are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina, considered collectively. They were both part of the original Thirteen Colonies, which gained independence from the British Empire in 1783 (while the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, the fighting ceased in 1781 and the countries of France, the United States and the British Empire signed the Treaty of Paris (1783)). During the colonial period, the southern portion of the Carolinas was primarily a support for the British West Indies; where thousands upon thousands of slaves were brought in to feed the growing trade. The same could not be said about the northern part of the region, which was a sparsely populated area, mostly inhabited by decommissioned servants from the Chesapeake area, many of whom set up small tobacco farms.
Divided regions
Geography of North Carolina
Geography of South Carolina
1999–2000 UEFA Cup

The 1999-2000 UEFA Cup season was the 29th edition of the UEFA Cup. The final was played at Parken Stadium in Copenhagen. It was won by Galatasaray, who beat in the final. The defending champions were they were eliminated by Werder Bremen in the fourth round.
It was the first season of the new UEFA Cup format. Domestic cup winners would qualify for the UEFA Cup, after the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was disbanded. This change also added an additional knockout round. This was the first year when the UEFA Cup winners qualified for the UEFA Super Cup.
Association team allocation
A total of 142 teams from 49 UEFA associations participated in the 1999-2000 UEFA Cup. Associations are allocated places according to their 1999-2000 UEFA league coefficient.
Below is the qualification scheme for the 2000-01 UEFA Cup:
Associations 1-6 each enter three teams
Associations 7-8 each enter four teams
Associations 9-15 each enter two teams
Associations 16-21 each enter three teams
Associations 22-50 each enter two teams, with the exception of Bosnia who no enter teams, Liechtenstein and Andorra who enter one team each
3 winners of the Intertoto Cup
16 teams eliminated from the 1999-2000 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round are transferred to the UEFA Cup
8 teams eliminated from the 1999-2000 UEFA Champions League first group stage are transferred to the UEFA Cup
Association ranking
Notes
(UCL): Additional teams transferred from the UEFA Champions League
(IT): Additional teams from Intertoto Cup
Teams
The labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the place of its starting round:
TH: Title holders
CW: Cup winners
CR: Cup runners-up
LC: League Cup winners
Nth: League position
PO: End-of-season European competition play-off winners
FP: Fair play
IT: Intertoto Cup winners
CL: Relegated from the Champions League
GS: Third-placed teams from the group stage
Q3: Losers from the third qualifying round
Notes
Qualifying round
|}
First round
|}
Second round
|}
Third round
|}
Fourth round
|}
Quarter-finals
|}
First leg
Second leg
Leeds United won 4-2 on aggregate.
Galatasaray won 6-2 on aggregate.
Arsenal won 6-2 on aggregate.
Lens won 2-1 on aggregate.
Semi-finals
|}
First leg
Second leg
Arsenal won 3-1 on aggregate.
Galatasaray won 4-2 on aggregate.
Final
Top goalscorers
References
Other websites
1999-2000 All matches UEFA Cup - season at UEFA website
Official Site
Results at RSSSF.com
All scorers 1999-2000 UEFA Cup according to (excluding preliminary round) according to protocols UEFA + all scorers preliminary round
1999/2000 UEFA Cup - results and line-ups (archive)
UEFA
1999 in association football
1990s in Europe
2000 in association football
2000 in Europe
Lucky Partners

Lucky Partners is a 1940 American romantic comedy-drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and is the remake of the 1935 movie Good Luck. It stars Ginger Rogers, Ronald Colman, Jack Carson, Spring Byington, Harry Davenport, Cecilia Loftus, Walter Kingsford, Lucile Gleason, Helen Lynd and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.
Other websites
1940 comedy-drama movies
1940 romantic comedy movies
1940 romantic drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
Movies set in Manhattan
Galway

Galway is a port city in the western part of Ireland. It is in the historic province of Connacht. Over 70,000 people live there as of 2011. It is located on the Galway Bay.
References
County towns in Ireland
County Galway
Tony Dolan

Tony "Demolition Man" Dolan is an English musician, best known as bassist and vocalist of heavy metal bands Atomkraft and Venom.
Discography
With Atomkraft
Future Warriors (1985)
Queen of Death (EP) (1986)
Tonpress (1987)
Conductors of Noize (1987)
Total Metal - The NEAT Anthology (2005)
With Venom
Prime Evil (1989)
Tear Your Soul Apart (EP) (1990)
Temples of Ice (1991)
The Waste Lands (1992)
Filmography
Judge Dredd (1995) - Ivan
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) - Mr. Lamb, Carpenter
Battlefield Britain (2004) - Royal Musketeer/Prisoner
Dirty War (2004) - Lead TSG Officer
Living people
1964 births
English musicians
Pseudogene

Pseudogenes are genes that have lost their function. They have lost their gene expression in the cell or their ability to code protein. The term was coined in 1977.
Pseudogenes can result from mutations in a gene whose product is not needed for the survival of the organism. Although not protein-coding, the DNA of pseudogenes may be functional. It may be similar to other kinds of non-coding DNA which have a regulatory role.
Most have some gene-like features. They lack protein-coding ability resulting from a variety of disabling mutations, or their inability to encode RNA (such as with rRNA pseudogenes).
Pseudogenes are generally thought of as the last stop for genomic material that is to be removed from the genome, so they are often labeled as junk DNA. Pseudogenes contain fascinating biological and evolutionary histories in their sequences. This is due to a pseudogene's shared ancestry with a functional gene. In the same way that Darwin thought of two species as having a shared common ancestry followed by millions of years of evolutionary divergence (see speciation), a pseudogene and its associated functional gene also share a common ancestor and have diverged as separate genetic entities over millions of years.
References
DNA
Knife-footed frog

The knife-footed tree frog, olive water-holding frog or desert collared frog (Ranoidea cultripes) is a frog from Australia. It lives in the Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia.
The adult male frog is 4.1 cm long and the adult female frog is 4.3 cm long. Their front feet are not webbed and their back feet have only a little webbing. This frog digs in the ground to make a burrow, where it hides. This frog is gray-brown or olive-brown in color with a thin stripe in the middle of its back down its spine.
This frog lives on flood plains near small streams. It comes aboveground after rain. Scientists do not know what its tadpoles are like.
References
Frogs of Australia
Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia

Herne is a German city, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, belonging to the Ruhr area. It is part of the Arnsberg Government Region
It has about 170,000 inhabitants.
References
Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg
Scinax maracaya

The Alpinopolis snouted tree frog (Scinax maracaya) is a frog. It lives in Brazil. It lives in the mountains in Minas Gerais.
References
Frogs of South America
WrestleMania XIX

Results
Heat Pre-Show: Lance Storm and Chief Morley (champions) defeated Kane and Rob Van Dam
Tag team match for the World Tag Team Championship.
Matt Hardy (champion) (with Shannon Moore) defeated Rey Mysterio
Singles match for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship
The Undertaker defeated The Big Show and A-Train.
Handicap Match
Trish Stratus defeated Victoria (champion) (with Steven Richards) and Jazz.
Triple threat for the WWE Women's Championship
Team Angle (Charlie Haas and Shelton Benjamin) (champion) defeated Los Guerreros (Eddie and Chavo Guerrero) and Chris Benoit and Rhyno.
Triple threat tag team match for the WWE Tag Team Championship
Shawn Michaels defeated Chris Jericho.
Stacy Keibler and Torrie Wilson and the Miller Lite Catfight girls, Kitana Baker and Tanya Ballinger fought to a no contest.
Pillow Fight
Triple H (champion) (with Ric Flair) defeated Booker T.
Singles match for the World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)
Hulk Hogan defeated Vince McMahon.
Street Fight Match
The Rock defeated Steve Austin.
Brock Lesnar defeated Kurt Angle (champion).
Singles match for the WWE Championship
2003 in professional wrestling
Sports in Seattle
WrestleMania 19
2003 in the United States
2000s in Washington (state)
21st century in Seattle
BREL

BREL stands for British Rail Engineering Limited, which was the engineering division for British Rail until the design and building trains in the United Kingdom went private.
They made trains like the British Rail Class 210 diesel multiple unit and the experimental Advanced Passenger Train (APT) tilting High Speed Train during the 1970s and early 1980s.
British Rail
Kurt Oddekalv

Kurt Willy Oddekalv (27 July 1957 - 11 January 2021) was a Norwegian environmentalist. He was born in Senja, Norway.
Oddekalv was removed from the Norwegian Society for the Conservation of Nature in 1993 over his controversial views. He created his own environmental organization Green Warriors of Norway of which he was the leader until his death.
Oddekalv revealed in 2015 that he believed in chemtrails, which was criticized by many environmentalists.
Oddekalv died on 11 January 2021 after falling through ice and drowned at a lake near Bergen, Norway at the age of 63.
References
1957 births
2021 deaths
Accidental deaths by drowning
Norwegian businesspeople
Environmentalists
Yuzu (band)

Yuzu () is a Japanese popular music duo. Its members are Kitagawa Yujin () and Iwasawa Kouji (). Both of the band members come from Yokohama in the Kanagawa Prefecture. At first, they sung on the street in Yokohama. They have known each other since they were small children.
They are famous for their concerts in front of the department store, Matsuzakaya in Isezakicyo in Yokohama. They officially debuted in 1997. The first CD was 'Yuzu no Moto'.
Singles
Albums
Yuzu no Moto (1997)
Yuzuman (1998)
Yuzu Ikka (1998)
Utajiki -Sakura Saku Hen- (1999)
Yuzuen (1999)
Yuzuman no Natsu (2000)
Tobira (2000)
Utajiki -Futari no Biggu (Eggu) Sho Hen- (2001)
Yuzumoa (2002)
Sumire (2003)
Yuzu Sumairu (2003)
1 -ONE- (2004)
Home [1997-2000]
Going [2001-2005]
Ribon (2006)
Yuzunone(2007)
Wonderful World(2008)
VHS
Futari (March 17, 1999)
Rokkasen Kin (February 16, 2000)
Rokkasen Gin (February 16, 2000)
Futari Akiaji (April 12, 2000)
TOBIRA TOUR 2000-2001 (April 4, 2001)
Futari no Biggu (Eggu) Sho -2jikan 53fun TOKYO DOME Kanzen Nokattoban- (December 26, 2001)
Sutajiamu Manin On(raku)satsu -Netto! Bomb Odori- (January 23, 2002)
Koi no Kayobi (August 7, 2002)
Rokkasen Kurenai (January 22, 2003)
Rokkasen Sumire (May 21, 2003)
Sumire (October 22, 2003)
Other websites
Yuzu Net - An official website
Yuzu Official Website
J-pop bands
Folk music groups
Stewart Adams

Stewart Sanders Adams (1923 - 30 January 2019) was a British chemist. He was known for creating ibuprofen in the early 1960s.
Adams died aged 95 at the Queen's Medical Centre in Nottingham from pneumonia on 30 January 2019.
References
Other websites
Boots
Chemistry in your cupboard - Royal Society of Chemistry
BBC 2006
The ibuprofen inventor
1923 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
British chemists
British inventors
People from Nottingham
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative

Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI) is an organization belonged to Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook founder and his wife Priscilla Chan. They invested 99 percent of their wealth from their Facebook shares.
References
American financial companies
2015 establishments in California
Companies based in California
Bashi Channel

The Bashi Channel is a waterway between Taiwan and the Philippines. It is part of the Luzon Strait in the Pacific Ocean. It lies between Y'Ami Island of the Philippines and Orchid Island of Taiwan. The Philippines call Orchrid Island Botel Tobago. Many undersea cables use this channel. It is also important for military operations. Both Taiwan and the Philippines say the channel belongs to them.
Geography of Taiwan
Geography of the Philippines
Eddy Silitonga

Eddy Silitonga (born Charles Edison Silitonga in Siantar, Sumatra, January 17, 1949 - died in Jakarta, August 25, 2016) was an Indonesian singer. He was known for his high-pitched voice. He won several song contests, including Champion Pop Singer in Medan and the Popular Song Festival held at Taman Ismail Marzuki in Jakarta. Silitonga won the first Minang Song Contest in 1983. He studied at Mapua Institute of Technology in the Philippines. He formed his own group, "Eddy's Group", which was at its peak in 1976 - 1979. He suffered from heart disease and diabetes.
Some of his popular songs included "Bunga Tanjong", "Lancang Kuning", "Bunga Pujaan", and "Jatuh Cinta".Some of his popular songs included "Bunga Tanjong", "Lancang Kuning", "Bunga Pujaan", and "Jatuh Cinta".
References
1949 births
2016 deaths
Indonesian singers
Pico Rivera, California

Pico Rivera is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is in the southeastern part of the county, near Whittier and Montebello. The city was formed in 1958 when the communities of Pico and Rivera came together. Those places had been farming towns, but became residential after World War II. At one time, there was a large factory that made Ford cars in Pico Rivera. The city has a large Mexican-American population, with Latinos making up 88% of the population.
References
Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
1958 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in California
Kent

Kent is a county in England. It is just to the south-east of London and is on the coast. The sea to the East of Kent is the North Sea. The sea south of Kent is called the English Channel by the British. France is opposite Kent on the other side of The Channel. At the most narrow point, between Dover, Calais and Cape Gris-Nez, The Channel is only 21 miles (34 km) wide. Dover is one of the main ports in Kent. From here many ferries sail to and from France.
Ports
Other main ports in Kent include Sheerness and Ramsgate. The Channel Tunnel goes from Folkestone in Kent to France. It was built in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
History
Kent is a very ancient county. In the 6th and 7th centuries it was ruled by its own kings, It is often called 'the garden of England' because its countryside is very green and because it produces much fruit. A lot of fruit such as strawberries are grown in Kent, and the county is famous for growing hops which are used to make beer. Maidstone is called the county town because the local government for Kent is based there.
Places
Another important town is the city of Canterbury. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the head of the Church of England. Hundreds of years ago many Christian people would travel to the Cathedral at Canterbury from their homes in other parts of Britain. This was called making a pilgrimage.
Ceremonial counties of England
Master Hirannaiah

Hirannaiah or Hirannayya known by his stage name Master Hirannaiah (15 February 1934 - 2 May 2019) was an Indian movie actor. His best known roles include ...Re (2016), Care of Footpath 2 (2015) and No. 73, Shanthi Nivasa (2007). He was mainly a theatre actor. He was born in Mysore, Karnataka.
Hurannaiah died on 2 May 2019 at a hospital in Bengaluru, Karnataka of problems caused by liver disease, aged 85.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from liver disease
Indian movie actors
Indian stage actors
TVyNovelas

TVyNovelas is a Mexican music and gossip magazine. The magazine is published by Editorial Televisa. The magazine is available in the United States (and Puerto Rico), Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Colombia. TVyNovelas is one of the most-widely read magazine for Spanish-language soap opera fans. Their awards show, Premios TVyNovelas, is broadcast on Televisa and Univision.
Other websites
TVyNovelas at the Televisa website.
TVyNovelas Chile .
TVyNovelas website and forum in Poland.
Premios TVyNovelas at the Univision website.
Photos of Premios TVyNovelas Mexico .
Premios TVyNovelas Colombia .
Music magazines
Ancien Évêché Museum

The Ancien Eveche Museum is a departmental museum in Grenoble. It is dedicated to the Isere heritage through the history of its Bishop's palace. It was inaugurated in 1998. It is in the former Bishop's palace, near the Notre-Dame cathedral. The museum gives access to the remains of an early Christian baptistry and to a section of the former Roman wall, in the basement of the building.
The permanent exhibition Isere throught History displays items and paintings relating to the development of Isere from pre-history to the present day.
The museum also shows regularly temporary exhibitions of local artists.
Some temporary exhibitions
Diodore Rahoult from November 2013 to May 2014
The Alps of Doisneau from November 2012 to September 2013
He Yifu. The journey of a Chinese painter in the Alps from November 2010 to February 2011
Jules Flandrin. works from 1889 to 1914, from November 2008 to April 2009
Grenoble. Visions of a city, from November 2007 to April 2008
Alexandre Debelle, from February 2006 to May 2006
The Isere heritage in comics, from November 2004 to May 2005
Painter (s) in Proveysieux, fom October 2003 to May 2004
Cartusian monasteries in Europe, from October 2002 to May 2003
Abbe Cales, a man, an artist, from September 2001 to April 2002
The Tour du Pin triptych, from April 2000 to July 2001
Access
The B tramline: Notre-Dame-Musee station.
Other websites
official website
Grenoble
Museums in France
1998 establishments in France
Vipassana

Vipassana (Pali) or vipasyana (Sanskrit) is a Buddhist word that is usually translated as "insight". It is a form of meditation which aims to have "insight into the true nature of reality."
References
Buddhist terminology
Viktor Vasnetsov

Viktor Vasnetsov (15 May 1848 - 23 July 1926) was a Russian artist. Themes of his paintings are dedicated to Slavic myths and fairy tales or legends.
Russian artists
1848 births
1926 deaths
Joyce Carol Thomas

Joyce Carol Thomas (May 25, 1938 - August 13, 2016) was an African-American poet, playwright, motivational speaker, and author of more than 30 children's books.
Thomas was born in Ponca City, Oklahoma, the fifth of nine children in a family of cotton pickers. In 1948 the family moved to Tracy, California, to pick vegetables. She learned Spanish from Mexican migrant workers and earned a B.A. in Spanish from San Jose State University. She took night classes in education at Stanford University, while raising four children, and received a master's degree in 1967.
For her 1982 novel Marked by Fire, Thomas won a National Book Award for Young People's Literature|National Book Award in category Children's Fiction (paperback)
and an American Book Award.
Thomas has been one of three to five finalists for the Coretta Scott King Award three times, in 1984 for Bright Shadow, in 1994 for Brown Honey in Broomwheat Tea, and in 2009 for The Blacker the Berry in 2009. Part of the American Library Association program, every year the King Award honors the "most distinguished portrayal of African American experience in literature for children or teens".
She also received a New York Times Outstanding Book of the Year Award and an Outstanding Woman of the 20th Century Award.
She lived in Berkeley, California.
References
"Joyce Carol Thomas".Tennessee Authors. The University of Tennessee. Archived 2011-01-16. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
Other websites
Write TV Public Television Interview with Joyce Carol Thomas
1938 births
2016 deaths
Writers from Oklahoma
Children's writers
African American writers
American poets
Thunderball (movie)

Thunderball is a 1965 British spy movie directed by Terence Young and is the 4th movie in the James Bond franchise. It stars Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, Claudine Auger, Adolfo Celi, Luciana Paluzzi, Rik Van Nutter and was distributed by United Artists. It won an Academy Award in 1966.
Tom Jones sings the title song of the movie. The original main title song to Thunderball was titled "Mr. Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang" which was also the original title of the movie, and was first sung by Shirley Bassey, and then by Dionne Warwick. However, the song was later dropped because of its length. A new shorter song was composed named "Thunderball" and the movie name was changed to that title. The song "Mr. Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang" is not in the movie, but its version sung by Warwick is in the album also named "Thunderball".
Other websites
1965 movies
1960s spy movies
James Bond movies
Movies with underwater settings
Movies directed by Terence Young
Movies composed by John Barry
Movies set in the Bahamas
Movies set in England
Movies set in London
Movies set in Paris
Movies about nuclear war and weapons
Movies about extortion
Movies about terrorism
Akira Komatsu

Akira Komatsu (born 3 April 1962) is a former Japanese football player.
References
Vissel Kobe
1962 births
Living people
Footballers from Akita Prefecture
Crawford County, Missouri

Crawford County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Steelville. In 2020, 23,056 people lived there.
References
1820s establishments in Missouri
1829 establishments in the United States
Missouri counties
Alan Blinken

Alan John Blinken (born 1937) is an American businessman and politician. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Belgium from 1993 to 1997 during the Bill Clinton presidency. He was born in New York City.
Blinken was also the 2002 Democratic nominee for Idaho United States Senator, losing to Larry Craig.
He is the brother of U.S. Ambassador Donald M. Blinken and the uncle of United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken.
References
1937 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Arthur Nash

W. Arthur "Jakie" Nash (5 September 1914 in Thunder Bay, Ontario - 18 January 2000 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) was a Canadian ice hockey player who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics as a member of the Canadian ice hockey team, which won the silver medal.
Nash was a member of the 1936 Port Arthur Bearcats, which won the silver medal for Canada in ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics. In 1987 he was inducted into the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame as a member of that Olympic team.
Background
Nash was a Goaltender for Port Arthur Bearcats, a hockey team based in Port Arthur, Ontario. In 1935 the Bearcats were the runner-up in the Allan Cup, which earned him a trip to represent Canada at the 1936 Winter Olympics ice hockey event where he won the Silver Medal. After the Olympics he moved to England and played for the Wembley Monarchs in the English National League from 1936 through 1938. He later returned to Canada and played at least one full season (1941-1942) with the Kimberley Dynamiters of the Alberta-British Columbia Senior League. He was still playing internationally as late as 1948.
References
Other websites
profile
Sports-Reference.com: Arthur "Jakie" Nash biography
1914 births
2000 deaths
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Canadian Olympic silver medalists
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Épaux-Bézu

Epaux-Bezu is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Rob Van Dam

Robert Alexander Szatkowski (born December 18, 1971 in Battle Creek, Michigan), better known by his ring name, Rob Van Dam, is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for working for WWE. He has also wrestled with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) from 1996 to 2001 and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) from 2010 to 2013. His finishing move is the Five-Star Frog Splash.
Championships
Van Dam held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
All Star Wrestling
ASW North American Heavyweight Championship (one time)
American Wrestling Rampage
AWR World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
NLW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Extreme Championship Wrestling
ECW World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Sabu)
ECW World Television Championship (one time)
Fifth ECW Triple Crown Champion
International Wrestling Federation
IWF Television Championship (one time)
National Wrestling Council
NWC Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Bobby Bradley)
Peach State Wrestling
PSW Cordele City Heavyweight Championship (two times, first)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Comeback of the Year (2001, 2010)
PWI Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (2001, 2002)
He was ranked #1 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2002.
Pro Wrestling Report
Match of the Year (2006) (vs. John Cena at ECW One Night Stand II)
South Atlantic Pro Wrestling
SAPW Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Chaz Rocco)
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
World Stars of Wrestling
WSW World Heavyweight Championship (one time, current)
World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
ECW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Kane (one) and Booker T (one))
WWE Championship (one time)
WWE Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Rey Mysterio)
WWF/E Hardcore Championship (four times)
WWE European Championship (one time)
WWF/E Intercontinental Championship (six times)
Money in the Bank (2006)
Fifteenth Triple Crown Champion
Seventh Grand Slam Champion
References
Other websites
Living people
People from Battle Creek, Michigan
Sportspeople from Michigan
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Former WWE wrestlers
1970 births
WWE Hall of Fame
Jamie McMurray

James Christopher "Jamie" McMurray (born June 3, 1976) is an American racecar driver. McMurray drove full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series from 2003 until 2018. Since 2018, McMurray has been a Sports analyst for FOX Sports. McMurray won the 2010 Daytona 500 while driving for Chip Ganassi Racing.
References
1976 births
Living people
Daytona 500 winners
Sportspeople from Missouri
People from Joplin, Missouri
American racecar drivers
Mound City, South Dakota

Mound City is a town in and the county seat of Campbell County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 71 at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in South Dakota
County seats in South Dakota
Giulia Maria Crespi

Giulia Maria Crespi (6 June 1923 - 19 July 2020) was an Italian media businesswoman. She was a non-profit executive and environmentalist. She was the founder of Fondo Ambiente Italiano. She became Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. Crespi was born Merate, Italy.
Crespi died in Milan on 19 July 2020, aged 97.
References
1923 births
2020 deaths
Italian businesspeople
Italian environmentalists
Polonaise (clothing)

A polonaise is a type of gown that has a bodice and an attached skirt. They started in the late 18th century. Polonaises have a cutaway, drapes and an overskirt, worn over a petticoat.
Dresses
Walter Zenga

Walter Zenga (born 28 April 1960) is a former Italian football player. He has played for the Italian national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1978/79||Salernitana||Serie C1||3||0
|-
|1979/80||Savona||Serie C2||23||0
|-
|1980/81||rowspan="2"|Sambenedettese||Serie C1||33||0
|-
|1981/82||Serie B||34||0
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="12"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="12"|Serie A||0||0
|-
|1983/84||30||0
|-
|1984/85||25||0
|-
|1985/86||30||0
|-
|1986/87||29||0
|-
|1987/88||26||0
|-
|1988/89||33||0
|-
|1989/90||31||0
|-
|1990/91||32||0
|-
|1991/92||31||0
|-
|1992/93||29||0
|-
|1993/94||32||0
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Sampdoria||rowspan="2"|Serie A||34||0
|-
|1995/96||7||0
|-
|1996/97||Padova||Serie B||21||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|New England Revolution||rowspan="3"|Major League Soccer||22||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||25||0
483||0
47||0
530||0
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1986||3||0
|-
|1987||10||0
|-
|1988||10||0
|-
|1989||10||0
|-
|1990||13||0
|-
|1991||8||0
|-
|1992||4||0
|-
!Total||58||0
|}
References
1960 births
Living people
Italian association football goalkeepers
Italian football managers
Meridian, Logan County, Oklahoma

Meridian is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. It is in Logan County.
Towns in Oklahoma
Ogden, Arkansas

Ogden is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Towns in Arkansas
Senate (Netherlands)

The Senate ( or simply , literally "First Chamber", or sometimes ) is the upper house of the States General, the legislature of the Netherlands.
Its 75 members are elected on lists by the members of the twelve States-Provincial and four electoral colleges for the Senate (three for the Caribbean Netherlands islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba and one for Dutch expatriates) every four years, within three months of the provincial elections.
Senate elections results since 1977
Original seats in Senate or First Chamber (Eerste Kamer).
Related pages
President of the Senate (Netherlands)
House of Representatives (Netherlands)
Politics of the Netherlands
References
States General of the Netherlands
Netherlands
2014 FIVB Volleyball World Championship

The 2014 Volleyball World Championship was held in Poland from 30 August to 21 September 2014. The tournament featured 24 teams to determine the world champions in men's volleyball. In addition to the host nation Poland, 23 teams qualified for the tournament by means of continental and regional competitions. The matches took place in seven venues across seven Polish cities, with the final being held at Spodek, Katowice.
Other websites
Official website
Official website
Final Standing
Awards
Formula and Prize Money
Statistics
Highlights World Championship
Volleyball
2014 in sports
Arnulf Kolstad

Arnulf Kolstad (23 April 1942 - 21 May 2020) was a Norwegian social psychologist. He was born in Oslo. He was a professor emeritus of Social Psychology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).
He was appointed by the King-in-Council at the then-University of Trondheim in 1986 and was head of department for the Department of Psychology from 1990 to 1992. He became professor emeritus in 2012.
He was critical of the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize going to Liu Xiaobo as "western arrogance".
Kolstad died on 21 May 2020 in Oslo, aged 78.
References
1942 births
2020 deaths
Norwegian academics
Norwegian scientists
Norwegian psychologists
Writers from Oslo
Waddinxveen

Waddinxveen is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 28,316 people lived there.
Settlements in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Elbasan County

The County of Elbasan is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It has districts Elbasan, Gramsh, Librazhd and Peqin. Its capital is Elbasan.
Counties of Albania
Michael Savage

Michael Savage (born as Michael Alan Weiner in 1942) is a conservative radio host and commentator. He is the host of the Savage Nation.
References
1942 births
Living people
American political commentators
Writers from New York (state)
Entertainers from New York (state)
Writers from San Francisco
American radio personalities
American Jews
Vicky Cristina Barcelona

Vicky Cristina Barcelona is a 2008 Spanish-American romantic comedy-drama movie. It was written and directed by Woody Allen. It is set in the Spanish cities Barcelona and Oviedo. It is about two American women in their twenties who meet an artist, Juan, whilst spending a summer in Spain.
Rebecca Hall playes Vicky, Scarlett Johansson plays Cristina, Javier Bardem plays Juan, Penelope Cruz plays his angry, violent ex-wife Maria. The movie won a Golden Globe Award.
Cast
Javier Bardem as Juan Antonio Gonzalo
Penelope Cruz as Maria Elena
Scarlett Johansson as Cristina
Rebecca Hall as Vicky
Patricia Clarkson as Judy Nash
Kevin Dunn as Mark Nash
Chris Messina as Doug
Pablo Schreiber as Ben
Carrie Preston as Sally
Zak Orth as Adam
Julio Perillan as Charles
Christopher Evan Welch as narrator
References
Other websites
2008 romantic comedy movies
2008 comedy-drama movies
2008 romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies set in Barcelona
2000s English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies directed by Woody Allen
Oviedo
Screenplays by Woody Allen
Spanish-language movies
Spanish romance movies
Spanish comedy movies
Spanish drama movies
As Tears Go By (song)

"As Tears Go By" is a 1964 song by English singer Marianne Faithfull. The song peaked at number 9 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In 1965, the Rolling Stones released their own version which was at the top of the charts in Canada.
References
The Rolling Stones songs
1964 songs
1960s ballads
Pop ballads
Rock ballads
Marianne Faithfull songs
Nancy Sinatra songs
Pat Boone songs
Baroque pop songs
Warren Frost

Warren Frost (June 5, 1925 - February 17, 2017) was an American actor.
His work was mainly in the theatre, but he worked in movies and television since his career began in 1958. He was known for television roles on Matlock, The Larry Sanders Show, and Seinfeld. He was mainly known for his role as Doctor Hayward on Twin Peaks, a series co-created by his son Mark Frost.
He has also appeared in TV movies, such as Psycho IV: The Beginning (1990) and The Stand (1994).
Frost died at his home in Middlebury, Vermont, on February 17, 2017, following a long illness at the age of 91.
References
Other websites
1925 births
2017 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from Massachusetts
Actors from Vermont
Disease-related deaths in Vermont
Shang dynasty

The Shang dynasty (existed from 1600BC - 1046BC) was the second dynasty in China following the Xia dynasty. Most of what we know about the Shang Dynasty is from reading pictures on oracle bones and bronze objects. A dynasty is a series of rulers which are considered to be part of the same family because they are ruling a country(s) over generations. According to tradition, the last Shang king was overthrown in 1046 BC. The succeeding dynasty was called the Zhou dynasty.
Kings
References
Other websites
Zhengzhou Shang City Site
Chinese dynasties
17th century BC
11th century BC
MAD (TV series)

Mad was an American animated sketch comedy television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation. The series was based on Mad magazine. Each episode is a collection of short animated parodies of television shows, movies, games, celebrities etc. The humor is both witty and juvenile appealing mostly to tween and teen boys.
It uses various types of animation (CGI, claymation, stop-motion, etc.) instead of the usual animation style that Warner Bros. Animation is known for. The series premiered on the evening of September 6, 2010 on Cartoon Network. The series ended its 4-year run after airing 103 episodes. The series has an age rating of TV-MA.
Voice cast
Principal cast
Kevin Shinick
Hugh Davidson
Mikey Day
Larry Dorf
Rachel Ramras
Gary Anthony Williams
Guest/Other voices
Jason Antoon
Eric Artell
Diedrich Bader
James Barbour
Josh Beren
Gregg Berger
Jeff Bergman
Gregg Bissonette
Steven Blum
Rachel Butera
Jen Cohn
Chris Cox
Daniel Cummings
Brian T. Delaney
Grey DeLisle
Barry Dennen
John DiMaggio
Ben Diskin
Chris Edgerly
Eden Espinosa
Keith Ferguson
Quinton Flynn
Will Friedle
Tamara Garfield
Ralph Garman
Mark-Paul Gosselaar
Gilbert Gottfried
Clare Grant
Seth Green
Nikki Griffin
Melinda Hamilton
Anthony Hansen
Whit Hertford
Aldis Hodge
Richard Steven Horvitz
Tom Kane
Tom Kenny
Arif S. Kinchen
Seana Kofoed
Stan Lee
Matthew Lillard
Beth Littleford
Eric Lopez
Biz Markie
Deborah Marlowe
Jason Marsden
Julia McIlvaine
Jim Meskimen
Breckin Meyer
Piotr Michael
Dan Milano
Shirley Mitchell
Jason Nash
Julie Nathanson
Nolan North
Jason Palmer
Nicole Parker
Rob Paulsen
Christopher "Kid" Reid
Corinne Reilly
Peter Renaday
Kevin Michael Richardson
Joey Richter
Elizabeth Rodriguez
Rico Rodriguez
Salli Saffioti
Meredith Salenger
Ben Schwartz
Michael Sinterniklaas
Dana Snyder
Kath Soucie
Stephen Stanton
Brody Stevens
Tara Strong
James Patrick Stuart
Cree Summer
Catherine Taber
Fred Tatasciore
Kirk Thornton
Ho-Kwan Tse
Christine Tucci
Alanna Ubach
Andrew W.K.
Windy Wagner
Audrey Wasilewski
Michaela Watkins
Frank Welker
Scott Whyte
Billy Dee Williams
Debra Wilson
Thomas F. Wilson
Henry Winkler
Adam Wylie
"Weird Al" Yankovic
Victor Yerrid
Keone Young
Awards and Nominations
2012 Emmy Awards
Outstanding Short Format Animated Program for "Kitchen Nightmares Before Christmas / How I Met Your Mummy" (Nominated).
2012 PAAFTJ Television Awards
Best Animated Series (Nominated)
References
2010s American comedy television series
English-language television programs
2010 American television series debuts
2013 American television series endings
Exopterygota

The Exopterygota are a superorder of insects. They are in the subclass Pterygota in the infraclass Neoptera.
In Exopterygotes the young resemble adults but have externally-developing wings. They undergo a modest change between immature and adult, without going through a pupal stage. The nymphs develop gradually into adults through a process of moulting.
The Exopterygota are a diverse insect superorder, divided into eight orders. They include locusts, thrips, and lice among other types of insects.
They are distinguished from the Endopterygota (or Holometabola) by the way in which their wings develop. Endopterygota (meaning literally "internal winged forms") develop wings inside the body and undergo an elaborate metamorphosis involving a pupal stage. Exopterygota ("external winged forms") develop wings on the outside of their bodies without going through a true pupal stage, though a few have something resembling a pupa.
References
Insects
League of Ireland Premier Division

The League of Ireland Premier Division is a football league which is the top division in the Republic of Ireland. For historic reasons, one club based in Northern Ireland, namely Derry City, plays in the Republic's league system, and is currently in the Premier Division.
2023 clubs
University College Dublin
Shamrock Rovers
Derry City
St Patrick's Athletic
Sligo Rovers
Dundalk
Bohemians Dublin
Shelbourne
Cork City
Drogheda United
Football League of Ireland
The Merchant of Venice

The Merchant of Venice is a play written by William Shakespeare. The date the play was written in unknown, but the play was mentioned in 1598 in Francis Mere's Wit's Treasury. A date of 1596-1597 is now accepted. Shakespeare's source was Il Pecorone by Ser Giovanni, a 14th-century Florentine writer.
The Merchant of Venice was first published in 1600. It was again published in 1619, and then in 1623 in the First Folio, a collection of all of Shakespeare's plays. The play has been made into television programs many times and also into some movies. Three operas are based on the play.
Story
Bassanio is an aristocratic but poor young man from Venice. He has fallen in love with Portia, a beautiful young lady of Belmont. Bassanio needs money to woo the lady. He asks his friend Antonio, the merchant of Venice, for a loan.
Antonio's money is tied up in business ventures. Antonio borrows money from a Jewish moneylender named Shylock. Antonio signs a bond agreeing to give Shylock a pound of his flesh if the money is not repaid on a certain date. Bassanio uses the money to travel to Belmont. He wins Portia's love.
Antonio cannot repay the borrowed money on time. Shylock insists on the pound of flesh as stated in the bond. The case goes to court. Portia disguises herself as a lawyer. She says that Shylock's bond is cruel. His insistence on the terms of the bond is just, but justice must be softened with mercy but Shylock does not relent. Portia then traps Shylock in the loopholes of his own bond and thus Shylock is not only forced to release Antonio but also give away his wealth and religion.
Plays by William Shakespeare
16th-century plays
16th-century books
Antisemitism
British plays adapted into movies
Comedy
English novels