pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bayville, New York

Bayville is an incorporated village on the north shore of Nassau County on Long Island, in the state of New York. The 2010 census showed that 6,669 people lived there, down from 7,213 in 2009. Bayville was purchased from the Native Americans (the Matinecock tribe) by Daniel Whitehead in 1658.
In the 1800s, Bayville was mostly used for asparagus farming. Five or six men owned large sections of Bayville and made their living from farming asparagus. One of those men was Nicholas Godfrey, a native of Cape May township in New Jersey. At the height of his land ownership, Godfrey owned more than half of Bayville's land. Godfrey died in 1899. He is buried in the Bayville Cemetery. He was a Lieutenant for the Union Army during the Civil War. He was also an inventor and he was Bayville's first postmaster in 1877.
The village wasn't named "Bayville" until 1859. Before that, the village had two names. The western and middle parts were called "Oak Neck". The eastern part was called "Pine Island".
Bayville's total area is 1.5 square miles. 1.4 is made up of land and .1 is made up of water. Frank M. Flower & Sons, Inc. is Bayville's only commercial business. It has been there since 1887. Bayville got electricity in 1906. The Bayville Bridge that is there today is the fourth bridge. The first bridge there was built in 1898. Before that, people went between Bayville to Oyster Bay by water taxi.
Villages in New York (state)
Carver Mead

Carver Andress Mead (born May 1, 1934) is an American scientist and engineer. He currently holds the position of Gordon and Betty Moore Professor Emeritus of Engineering and Applied Science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He taught there for over 40 years. He is known for his works with Lynn Conway.
References
1934 births
Living people
Engineers from California
American computer scientists
California Institute of Technology faculty
People from Bakersfield, California
Couleuvre

Couleuvre is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
The Ultimate Collection (Grace Jones album)

The Ultimate Collection is a 3 disc CD collection of songs recorded by Jamaican singer Grace Jones. It was released on November 13, 2006 by Universal Music Group.
Track listing
Disc 1
"La Vie en rose" - 7:29
"Send in the Clowns" - 7:35
"I Need a Man" - 3:24
"Do or Die" - 6:29
"All on a Summers Night" - 4:14
"Fame" - 5:34
"Am I Ever Gonna Fall in Love in New York City" - 5:27
"Don't Mess with the Messer" - 4:53
"Sinning" - 5:06
"Saved" - 5:00
"Private Life" - 6:18
"Love Is the Drug" - 8:41
"Warm Leatherette" - 5:37
Disc 2
"The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game" - 6:45
"I've Seen That Face Before" - 4:29
"Pull Up to the Bumper" - 4:42
"Nightclubbing" - 5:05
"Walking in the Rain" - 4:20
"Demolition Man" - 4:03
"Nipple to the Bottle" - 5:57
"The Apple Stretching" - 7:08
"Inspiration" - 4:35
"My Jamaican Guy" - 6:02
"Slave to the Rhythm" - 6:13
"I'm Not Perfect (But I'm Perfect for You)" - 3:59
"Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician" - 4:44
"Love on Top of Love" - 6:16
Disc 3
"Pars" (Long Version) - 5:42
"Private Life" (Dub Version) - 8:06
"Use Me" (Long Version) - 6:11
"She's Lost Control" (Long Version) - 8:25
"Nipple to the Bottle" (12" Version) - 6:54
"My Jamaican Guy" (12" Version) - 7:02
"Ring of Fire" (Demo) - 3:58
"Man Around the House" - 4:13
"Living My Life" - 3:33
"Slave to the Rhythm" (Hot Blooded Version) - 8:19
"Sex Drive" - 3:58
References
Other websites
The Ultimate Collection on Discogs
The Ultimate Collection on Rate Your Music
2006 albums
Greatest hits albums
Grace Jones albums
Disco albums
Reggae albums
R&B albums
Ben Gazzara

Biagio Anthony Gazzarra (August 28, 1930 - February 3, 2012), known as Ben Gazzara, was an American movie, stage, and Emmy Award winning television actor and director. Gazzara has appeared in many movies such as; Capone, Saint Jack, An Early Frost, Road House, Summer Sam, 13, and his final movie Max Rose.
Gazzara was born on August 28, 1930 in New York City, New York. He was educated at the Actors Studio and at The New School. Gazzara was married to Loiuse Erickson from 1951 until they divorced in 1957. Secondly he married Janice Rule from 1961 until they divorced in 1979. Gazzara lastly married Elke Krivat from 1982 until his death in 2012. Gazzara died on February 3, 2012 from Pancreatic cancer, he was 81 years old.
References
Other websites
1930 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Emmy Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning directors
Košice

Kosice (, IPA kaSIts@) is the second biggest city in Slovakia, and the biggest city in eastern Slovakia. About 235,000 people live in the city. Kosice was founded in 1230.
Administrative division
The town of Kosice is divided into 4 districts and 22 city parts:
Sister cities
Budapest, Hungary
Bursa, Turkey
Cottbus, Germany
Miskolc, Hungary
Mobile, Alabama, USA
Nis, Serbia
Ostrava, Czech Republic
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Raahe, Finland
Rzeszow, Poland
Saint Petersburg, Russia
Uzhhorod, Ukraine
Verona, Italy
Wuppertal, Germany
References
Other websites
Official site
Article about Kosice in simple English
Cities in Slovakia
Bill Paxton

William Archibald "Bill" Paxton (May 17, 1955 - February 25, 2017) was an American actor and movie director. Notably, he was the protagonist of the movie Twister, as "Bill Harding", with co-star Helen Hunt. Alan Ruck and Philip Seymour Hoffman also co-starred. He is also known for his roles in The Terminator (1984), Weird Science (1985), Aliens (1986), Predator 2 (1990), True Lies (1994), Apollo 13 (1995), and Titanic (1997).
Paxton starred in the HBO series Big Love (2006-2011) and was nominated for an Emmy Award for the miniseries Hatfields & McCoys. He is the father of actor John Paxton. In 1987, he won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Aliens.
Paxton was born on May 17, 1955 in Fort Worth, Texas. He was raised as a Roman Catholic.
Paxton was in the crowd waving when President John F. Kennedy emerged from the Hotel Texas in Fort Worth, on the morning of his assassination, November 22, 1963. There are pictures at the Sixth Floor Museum in Dallas where 8-year-old Paxton can be seen lifted above the crowd.
Paxton died on February 25, 2017 at a hospital in Los Angeles, California from a post-surgical stroke complicated by heart surgery, aged 61.
References
1955 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Fort Worth, Texas
American movie actors
American movie directors
American Roman Catholics
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from surgical complications
Saturn Award winners
Parliament of Uganda

The Parliament of Uganda is the country's unicameral legislative body.
The most significant of the Ugandan parliament's job is to pass laws. The fiscal issues of the government, such as taxation and loans need the sanction of the parliament, after appropriate debate.
References
Politics of Uganda
Organizations based in Uganda
Unicameral legislatures
David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn

David Clive Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn, (born 14 February 1935) is a retired Scottish administrator, diplomat and Sinologist. He was the 27th Governor of Hong Kong (from 1987 to 1992). He was Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the British Monarch's representative to the Assembly, in 2010 and 2011.
References
1935 births
Living people
Governors of Hong Kong
Scottish politicians
British diplomats
Province of Valladolid

Valladolid () is a province of northwest Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Castile and Leon. It has a population of 526,223 people in a total of 225 cities.
The capital is the city of Valladolid. It is bordered by the provinces of Zamora, Leon, Palencia, Burgos, Segovia, Avila, and Salamanca.
Other websites
Valladolid Province Tourism Board official Website
Valladolid
Castile and Leon
Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra

The Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokaster () are cities of Berat and Gjirokaster in southern Albania. Together, they form the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Albania. Gjirokaster was added to the list in 2005. Berat was later added in 2008. They are known as examples of a unique design common during the Ottoman period.
Berat is also known as the city of a thousand windows. It is one of the most special architectural sites in Albania. Similarities in Illyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans influences are still evident. The designs are seen and well preserved in the city with castles and mansions, old churches and mosques and grand wall paintings, icons and murals. Throughout the centuries, Berat was the place where different religions and communities co-existed in peace.
Gjirokaster, also known as the city of stone. It stretches on the top side of the Drino River valley. It looks over the historic landscape with beautiful stone setting edbed by mountains at every side. Like most cities in Albania, Gjirokaster has architectural designs from many civilizations that conquered the area.
Places to visit
Berat
Related pages
List of World Heritage Sites in Albania
References
World Heritage Sites in Albania
Buildings and structures in Europe
Malda Division

Malda Division is a division in the Indian state of West Bengal. It consists of 4 districts:
Malda district
Murshidabad district
Uttar Dinajpur district
Dakshin Dinajpur district
References
Divisions of West Bengal
Steinach, Switzerland

Steinach is a municipality in Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is on Lake Constance.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of St. Gallen
Moshe Levinger

Moshe Levinger () (born 1935 in Jerusalem - May 16, 2015 in Hebron) was an Israeli Religious Zionist and an Orthodox Rabbi.
From 1967 to 2015, he was a leading figure in the movement to settle Jews in the territories occupied by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War. He was especially known for leading Jewish settlement in Hebron in 1968 and for being one of the principals of the now defunct settler movement Gush Emunim founded in 1974.
References
1935 births
2015 deaths
Israeli activists
Israeli rabbis
Jewish activists
People from Jerusalem
Trial by Jury

Trial by Jury is one-act operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the second of their fourteen collaborations and their earliest work still performed today. It opened at the Royalty Theatre in London on 25 March 1875 with Jacques Offenbach's La Perichole and the farce, Cryptoconchoid Syphonostomata.
Trial by Jury moved about to several different theatres. It was performed about 300 times in its first two years. It was a popular and a critical success. It is only about 45 minutes long, has only one act, and has no spoken words.
Trial is about a young man who is sued for jilting his bethrothed. The judge hearing the case decides to marry the young woman himself. Today, it is sometimes played with another Gilbert and Sullivan operetta such as H.M.S. Pinafore.
References
Bradley, Ian. 2001. The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. pp. 3-5.
Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1870s operas
Dunstable, Massachusetts

Dunstable is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Nidwalden (constituency)

Nidwalden is a constituency of Switzerland.
Election results
References
Constituencies of Switzerland
Aleksandër Meksi

Aleksander Meksi (born 8 March 1939) is an Albanian politician. He was the 28th Prime Minister of Albania from 13 April 1992 to 11 March 1997. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
References
1939 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Albania
Archaeologists
Politicians from Tirana
Hatay Province

Hatay is a province in the southern part of Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast. Hatay is bordered by Syria on the south and east. The city has a mixed population of Turks and Arabs.
In ancient times it was called Antioch. It joined Turkey in 1939. From 1938 to 1939, the city was an independent Arab emirate known as Hatay State. It then became a part of Turkey which caused protests by the Arab majority in the city however the protests were later shut down. Currently, the city has a mixed population of Turks and Arabs and both of these groups follow Sunni Islam.
The province was badly damaged and many people died in the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.
Stamps issued as Hatay state, today Turkey
Hatay Province
Helen Alexander

Helen Alexander was a British businesswoman who was the chairman of UBM plc.
In 2016, she was awarded the Legion of Honour. From 2011 to 2017, she served as the Chancellor of the University of Southampton.
Biography
Helen Alexander was born in Geneva, Switzerland. Her father Bernard Alexander was a British lawyer who worked for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Her mother Tania Benckendorff was a Russian. Her maternal grandmother was Moura Budberg who was a suspected double agent for the Britishers.
Helen Alexander did her schooling from St Paul's Girls' School in London. She was graduated from Hertford College, Oxford in 1978.
References
British businesspeople
Helmut Senekowitsch

Helmut Senekowitsch ( 22 October 1933 - 9 September 2007) was an Austrian football player and later a football manager.
Playing career
He played 354 matches and scored 119 goals for SK Sturm Graz, Real Betis, First Vienna FC and FC Wacker Innsbruck.
He played for the Austria national football team. In 1958 he played in the FIFA World Cup. He played 18 matches and scored 5 goals.
Coaching career
Senekowitsch later worked as a coach in different European countries like Germany (Eintracht Frankfurt), Greece ( Panathinaikos, Olympiacos , AEK Athens), Spain (Athletic Bilbao) and Austria (Grazer AK, VOEST Linz, Linzer ASK, First Vienna FC)
From 1976 to 1978 he was manager of the Austrian national football team. After 20 years Austria had qualified for the World Cup. In the 1978 FIFA World Cup the Austrian team advanced to the second round. The first match was a 1-5 loss against Netherlands being coached by his former teammate Ernst Happel. Later he led them during the game known as The miracle of Cordoba where they won 3:2 versus West Germany. It was the first victory since 47 years.
He died in September 2007 after a long illness.
References
Other websites
Helmut Senekowitsch at eintracht-archiv.de
1933 births
2007 deaths
Austrian footballers
Austrian football managers
Grazer AK managers
Austria national football team managers
Olympiacos F.C. managers
Eintracht Frankfurt managers
AEK Athens F.C. managers
LASK managers
FC Linz managers
FC Admira Wacker Modling managers
First Vienna FC managers
Panionios F.C. managers
Floridsdorfer AC managers
Bundesliga managers
Association football forwards
Association football midfielders
Pamiri people

Pamiris are an Iranian ethnic group, who are the majority in Badakhshan region and the far western portion of Xinjiang in western China.
Related pages
Tajik people
References
Ethnic groups in Asia
Lisa Lu

Lisa Lu Yan (; born July 8, 1927) is a Chinese-born American actress and singer. She won the Golden Horse Awards three times in the 1970s. She was born in Beijing and raised in California. Lu is known for her roles in The Mountain Road, Demon Seed, Peter Bogdanovich's Saint Jack, The Last Emperor, The Joy Luck Club and Crazy Rich Asians.
References
Other websites
1927 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Chinese stage actors
Chinese voice actors
Chinese singers
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from California
Singers from California
Dhaghano Bozdar

Dhaghano Bozdar is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. The Union Council has 56,892 people. It is part of Tando Allahyar Taluka. It is in the west of the district.
References
Union Councils of Sindh
Tando Allahyar District
Rassa

Rassa is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Jack Nicholson

Jack Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American retired actor, director, producer and writer. He started out as a writer and part-time actor. He became a star in 1969 when he had a small part in the movie Easy Rider. He has won three Oscars, for As Good as it Gets, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and Terms of Endearment. He is one of the fans for Los Angeles Lakers. Nicholson is one of only two actors who have been nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s; the other is Michael Caine. Nicholson received the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1999. He has won seven Golden Globe Awards. He received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. Nicholson dropped out from the remake movie Toni Erdmann.
Early Life
Nicholson was born at Jersey Shore University Medical Center in Neptune City, New Jersey, He is son of showgirl June Frances Nicholson.
Personal life
Nicholson has been linked to many actresses and models, including Michelle Phillips, Bebe Buell and Lara Flynn Boyle. He had a intimate relationship with Anjelica Huston from 1973 to 1989. The relationship ended when the media reported Rebecca Broussard was pregnant with their child. Nicholson and Broussard had two children together, Lorraine and Raymond. Nicholson's other children are Jennifer (born with Sandra Knight) and Honey Hollman (born with Winnie Hollman). Susan Anspach says that her son, Caleb Goddard, was fathered by Nicholson. He is not sure that he is the father. Nicholson describes himself as a "lifelong Irish Democrat", although he says he supports every President, and he is staunchly pro-life. He is Roman Catholic. In 2020, Nicholson endorsed Bernie Sanders's second presidential campaign for the 2020 nomination.
Filmography
References
Other websites
Jack Nicholson Online
1937 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
Actors who played the Joker
American movie actors
American television actors
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners
Movie directors from New Jersey
Movie producers from New Jersey
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Screenwriters from New Jersey
Boyarin Orsha (movie)

Boyarin Orsha () is a 1909 Russian silent drama movie directed by Pyotr Chardynin. It stars Andrey Gromov, Pyotr Chardynin, and Aleksandra Goncharova.
Actors
Andrey Gromov as Arseniy
Pyotr Chardynin as Orsha
Aleksandra Goncharova as Orsha's daughter
References
Other websites
Russian drama movies
Russian silent movies
1909 movies
Charlotte Mailliard Shultz

Charlotte Mailliard Shultz, RVO (born Charlotte Smith; September 26, 1933 - December 3, 2021) was an American heiress and socialite. She was the Chief of Protocol for the state of California under Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and the Chief of Protocol for the City and County of San Francisco under Mayor Ed Lee. She was born in Borger, Texas.
Mailliard was married to United States Secretary of State George P. Shultz from 1997 until his death in February 2021.
Mailliard died on December 3, 2021 from problems caused by breast cancer in Stanford, California at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
"New York Times Wedding Announcement: George P. Shultz, Charlotte Swig", nytimes.com; accessed August 26, 2015.
"The High Priestess of Partydom", sfgate.com, February 4, 1996; accessed August 26, 2015.
1933 births
2021 deaths
American diplomats
American socialites
Businesspeople from Texas
Businesspeople from San Francisco
Politicians from Texas
Politicians from San Francisco
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from breast cancer
Emperor Heizei

, also known as Heijo-tenno. was the 51st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Heizei's reign started in 806 and ended in 809.
Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, this prince's personal name (imina) was .
Heizei was the eldest son of the Emperor Kammu.
He had three empresses and seven sons and daughters.
Events of Heizei's life
Before he became the monarch, he was Crown Prince for over twenty years.
785 (Enryaku 4, 11th month): Heizei was appointed Crown Prince at the age of 12.
9 April 806 (Daido 1, 17th day of the 3rd month): In the 25th year of Kammu's reign, the emperor died; and the succession (senso) was received by his son. A short time later, Emperor Heizei is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui). This was confirmed in ceremonies.
809 (Daido 4, 1st month): After a reign of four years, Heizei fell ill and he feared that he would die. Heizei abdicated in favor of his younger brother who would be known as Emperor Saga. After abdicating, Heizei moved to Nara; and he was known as the "Emperor of Nara" (Nara no Mikado).
18 May 809 (Daido 4, 1st day of the 4th month): Emperor Saga was enthroned at age 24.
810 (Konin 1): Heizei became a Buddhist monk.
5 August 824 (Tencho 1, 7th day of the 7th month): Heizei died at 14 years after his abdication.
After his death
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the mausoleum (misasagi) of Heizei is in Nara. The emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine at this location. The site can be visited by the public.
Era of reign
The years of Heizei's reign are identified by only one era name (nengo).
Daido (806-810)
Related pages
Emperor of Japan
List of emperors of Japan
Japanese imperial family tree
References
Emperors of Japan
773 births
824 deaths
Aldealpozo

Aldealpozo is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica (2011)

The National Stadium of Costa Rica () is a multi-purpose stadium. It is mostly used for football matches. The stadium is in San Jose, Costa Rica. It is the largest stadium in Costa Rica and one of the largest in Central America. It holds about 35,000 people. It is the home ground of the Costa Rica national football team.
The stadium was opened in 2011. It was built in the same place where the old national stadium (built in 1924) was located.
The stadium is the only venue of the 2013 Copa Centroamericana.
Stadiums
Sport in Costa Rica
2011 establishments in North America
Establishments in Costa Rica
Kholod

Kholod (Kholod) is the name of a rocket project. This project was developed in Russia. The engine of the rocket is called a scramjet. It was created to be faster than Mach 5.75. The prototype includes a Soyuz TMKB with liquid hydrogen and modified fillings from the SA-5 Gammon rockets. The rocket with the starting blocks (complete laboratory) is 12 meters long and has 750mm in diameter. NASA cooperated on the fourth flight in February 12, 1998. The speed of that flight was Mach 6.4. 95 million United States dollars were invested in this project.
References
Spacecraft
Gianfranco Ravasi

Gianfranco Ravasi (born 18 October 1942) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church and scholar. He has been a cardinal since 2010. He has been President of the Pontifical Council for Culture since 3 September 2007.
He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis.
After ten years at the rank of cardinal deacon, he became a cardinal priest in 2021.
References
1942 births
Living people
Italian Roman Catholic bishops
Italian cardinals
Cilia

A cilium (plural cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.
There are two types of cilia:
motile cilia, which beat against fluid outside the cell.
non-motile, or primary cilia, which typically serve as sensory organelles.
In eukaryotes, cilia and flagella together make up a group of organelles known as undulipodia.
Eukaryotic cilia are structurally identical to eukaryotic flagella, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.
Motile cilia are found on protist ciliates like Paramecium. They are how Paramecium moves around. They are also found on the epithelial cells of many internal organs of metazoans, such as the digestive system and the trachea of the lungs.
Cilia in metazoa
Non-motile (or primary) cilia usually occur one per cell; nearly all mammalian cells have a single non-motile primary cilium. In addition, examples of specialized primary cilia can be found in human sensory organs such as the eye and the nose:
The outer segment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the human eye is connected to its cell body with a specialized non-motile cilium.
The dendritic knob of the olfactory neuron, where the odorant receptors are located, also contains non-motile cilia (about 10 cilia per dendritic knob).
Status of cilia
Cilia are structurally almost identical with the much larger flagella. So much so that it has been proposed protists bearing either should be unified in the Phylum Undulipodia. Previously, Margulis had proposed that the Ciliates alone should be placed in a Phylum Ciliophora. Admittedly, the Protista is a collection of disparate single-celled forms, but while a more sophisticated taxonomy is in flux (changing), Protista is still a useful term.
Cilia and flagella are cell organelles, specialised units which carry out well-defined functions, like mitochondria and plastids. It is fairly certain now that all or most of these organelles have their origin in once-independent prokaryotes (bacteria or archaea), and that the eukaryote cell is a 'community of micro-organisms' working together in 'a marriage of convenience'.
References
Ciliates
Organelles
Maladers

Maladers was a municipality in Plessur in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020, the municipality Maladers became part of Chur.
References
Other websites
Former municipalities of Graubunden
Willow grouse

The willow grouse (Europe) or willow ptarmigan (North America) (Lagopus lagopus) is a medium-to-large (15-17 inches) gamebird in the grouse family, from the Arctic. It is a sedentary species, breeding in birch and other forests and tundra across northern Eurasia, and in Alaska and northern Canada. Feathers are brown in summer, changing to white in winter. It is the state bird of Alaska. During the last ice age, the species occurred in continental Europe (Tomek & Bochenski 2005).
References
Phasianidae
Birds of Europe
Birds of North America
Birds of Asia
Nigel Weiss

Nigel Oscar Weiss FRS (16 December 1936 - 24 June 2020) was a South African astronomer and mathematician. He was a leader in the field of astrophysical and geophysical fluid dynamics. He was Emeritus Professor of Mathematical Astrophysics at the University of Cambridge. Between 2000 and 2002 he was President of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Weiss died on 24 June 2020, aged 83.
References
1936 births
2020 deaths
South African scientists
Astronomers
Mathematicians
Power pellets

A power pellet is an item from Pac-Man. It can make Pacman eat the ghost. But he's gotta hurry because he can only eat ghosts for 10 seconds! If you play Pac-Man, you'll notice the ghosts turn blue when you eat it. If it's already 8-10 seconds, the ghosts will flash.
Video game gameplay
Biozat

Biozat is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
418

418 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
Theodoric I becomes king of the Visigoths.
December 28 - Pope Boniface I succeeds Zosimus as the 42nd pope.
Eulalius is elected antipope of Rome.
Deaths
December 26 - Pope Zosimus
George Whipple

George Hoyt Whipple (August 26, 1878 - February 1, 1976) was an American Medical doctor and scientist. He won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with George Minot and William P. Murphy, for their discoveries about how eating liver could cure anaemia.
References
1878 births
1976 deaths
Johns Hopkins University faculty
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
Scientists from New Hampshire
Yale University alumni
Saint-Alban-en-Montagne

Saint-Alban-en-Montagne is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Luleå BBK

Lulea BBK is a basketball club in the town of Lulea in Sweden. The club was established in 1978. Before the 2011-2012 season the club changed its names to Northland Basket. The club changed back to its original name in mid-July 2015.
The club won the Swedish women's national basketball championship in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017. The club also lost the national finals in the years of 2005, 2006, 2007, 2011 and 2012.2017 and 2018.
References
Other websites
official website
Basketball clubs in Sweden
Lulea
1978 establishments in Sweden
Neil Kinnock

Neil Gordon Kinnock, Baron Kinnock, PC, (born 28 March 1942) is a Welsh politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1970 to 1995. From 1983 to 1992 he was the Leader of the Opposition and the leader of the Labour Party. In the general election in 1992 he was beaten. After this he gave up his post of leading the Labour Party (and sitting in Parliament). He was a British politician in the European Commission from 1995 until 2004, and is now Chairman of the British Council and President of Cardiff University.
He was introduced to the House of Lords on 31 January 2005. He was created Baron Kinnock, of Bedwellty in the County of Gwent.
Personal life
He is married to Glenys Kinnock. She was Britain's Minister for Africa and the United Nations from 2009 to 2010, and a Labour Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1994 to 2009. She was made a life peer in 2009. They became one of the few couples to both hold titles in their own right. The two met while studying at University College, Cardiff. They married on 25 March 1967. In 2008 they moved to Tufnell Park, London, to be closer to their daughter and grandchildren.
They have a son, Stephen and a daughter, Rachel.
Neil Kinnock is a lifelong Cardiff City F.C. fan and regularly attends matches.
Kinnock is an agnostic.
In 2011 Kinnock took part in the BBC Wales programme Coming Home about his Welsh family history. The programme was broadcast on 30 November 2011.
References
1942 births
Living people
European Commissioners
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for Welsh constituencies
Leaders of the Labour Party (UK)
Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)
Members of the House of Lords
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1970-1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974-1979
UK MPs 1979-1983
UK MPs 1983-1987
UK MPs 1987-1992
UK MPs 1992-1997
Hotline Bling

"Hotline Bling" is a pop/R&B song by Canadian rapper Drake. It was released on July 31, 2015. It is from Drake's fourth studio album, Views. It is also credited as a bonus track on the album.
Commercially, "Hotline Bling" reached number two on the US Billboard Hot 100. The song also reached number three in Canada and the United Kingdom. The song won two awards at the 2017 Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap/Sung Performance.
There were remixes of this song by singers Justin Bieber and Billie Eilish. Billie Eilish's remix was a B-side of her song, "Party Favor".
References
Drake (musician) songs
2015 songs
Pop songs
R&B songs
Charon (web browser)

Charon is a web browser for the Inferno operating system.
Web browsers
Cyrielle Banet

Cyrielle Banet (born 29 August 1994) is a French rugby union player. She played for the France women's national rugby union team. She was in the 2018 Women's Six Nations Championship and 2020 Women's Six Nations Championship.
She played for Montpellier rugby club.
References
1994 births
Living people
French rugby union players
Raffaele Palladino

Raffaele Palladino (born 17 April 1984) is an Italian football player. He plays for Genoa and Italy national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|2001/02||Benevento||Serie C1||8||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||1
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Juventus||rowspan="2"|Serie A||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2003/04||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2004/05||Salernitana||Serie B||39||15||4||4||colspan="2"|-||43||19
|-
|2005/06||Livorno||Serie A||22||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||25||2
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Juventus||Serie B||25||8||0||0||colspan="2"|-||25||8
|-
|2007/08||Serie A||26||2||5||0||colspan="2"|-||31||2
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Genoa||rowspan="2"|Serie A||28||3||2||0||colspan="2"|-||30||3
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
148||31||15||4||0||0||163||35
148||31||15||4||0||0||163||35
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
|2008||1||0
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}
References
1984 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Nix (moon)

Nix is a non-spherical moon of Pluto. It was found along with Hydra in June 2005 by the Hubble Space Telescope Pluto Companion Search Team.
The discovery images were taken on May 15, 2005 and May 18, 2005; the moons were independently found by Max J. Mutchler on June 15, 2005 and Andrew J. Steffl on August 15, 2005. The discoveries were announced on October 31, 2005, after confirmation from photographs archived in 2002. The moon were designated S/2005 P 1 (Hydra) and S/2005 P 2 (Nix).
The moon follows a circular orbit in the same plane as Charon. It takes 24.9 days to circle around Pluto.
Before its size was directly measured, the moon was calculated to have a diameter of between 46 km, if its reflectivity is similar to Charon's 35%, and 137 km, if it had a reflectivity of 4%, like the darkest Kuiper belt objects. Nix is slightly fainter than Hydra, suggesting that it is somewhat smaller in size. In the discovery image, Nix is 6,300 times fainter than Pluto.
Early research appeared to show that Nix was reddish like Pluto and unlike the other moons, but more recent reports have been that it is grey like the remaining moons.
Nix was visited along with Pluto by the New Horizons mission in 2015.
The formal name "Nix", from the Greek goddess of darkness and night, and mother of Charon, was announced on June 21, 2006 on IAU Circular 8723, where the designation Pluto II is also given. Together with Hydra, Pluto's third moon, the initials are those of the New Horizons probe. The initial proposal was to use the Classical spelling Nyx, but to avoid confusion with the asteroid 3908 Nyx, this was changed to "the Egyptian spelling of the Greek name".
References
Other websites
Nix Profile by NASA's Solar System exploration
Background information regarding our two newly discovered satellites of Pluto - The discoverers' website
NASA's Hubble reveals possible new moons around Pluto - Hubble press release
Two more moons discovered orbiting Pluto (SPACE.com)
Pluto's newest moons named Hydra and Nix (SPACE.com)
[(Final preprint)
Pluto's moons
Manyas spirlin

The Manyas spirlin (scientific name: Alburnoides manyasensis) is a type of freshwater fish that lives in Turkey.
References
Freshwater fish
Cypriniformes
Aguirre, the Wrath of God

Aguirre, the Wrath of God (; ) is a 1972 German-Mexican-Peruvian historical drama movie directed by Werner Herzog and starring Klaus Kinski, Helena Rojo, Ruy Guerra, Del Negro, Peter Berling.
Other websites
1972 drama movies
1970s historical movies
German drama movies
German biographical movies
Mexican biographical movies
Mexican drama movies
Peruvian movies
Movies directed by Werner Herzog
Movies set in Peru
Movies set in the 16th century
Movies about death
1970s biographical movies
Movies based on real life events
German-language movies
Rotating furnace

A rotating furnace is a special type of furnace used to make lenses or mirrors for telescopes. Glass is placed in the furnace which is then spun up and heated. The top surface of the melted glass takes on a concave shape. The glass is cooled while still spinning. The spinning makes the glass the same shape as the main mirror used in a telescope. Computer controlled grinding machines can correct the shape of the glass. The concave top surface can be coated with silver and be used as a focusing mirror. The shape of bottom surface is made by the container the glass was melted in. The technology is being used for the Giant Magellan Telescope's seven mirrors.
Large focusing mirrors can also be made using liquid mercury, such as the Large Zenith Telescope. The rotation is continuous and the metal remains liquid; once all waves and imbalances die out, the telescope is then used.
References
Telescopes
Optics
University of Pittsburgh

The University of Pittsburgh is a public university in the city of Pittsburgh in the United States of America. It is also called "Pitt". Pitt was started in 1787. Pitt has 27,562 students. Pitt is famous for philosophy, studying other countries, and its hospital called the "University of Pittsburgh Medical Center" (UPMC). Pitt does a lot of research. Pitt is also famous for its tall building named the "Cathedral of Learning". Pitt is also famous for sports. Pitt's best sports are American football and basketball.
Pictures
References
Notes
Other websites
Pitt's webpage
Pitt sports
Association of American Universities
Atlantic Coast Conference
Colleges and universities in Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh
1787 establishments in the United States
1780s establishments in Pennsylvania
Ultimate Spider-Man (video game)

Ultimate Spider-Man is a 2005 action-adventure video game based on the Marvel Comics run.
Gameplay
The player can play as either Spidey or Venom. Spidey can swing around New York wherever he wants. Venom can gain health by eating people and can destroy New York.
Release
The PlayStation 2 game came with two versions, a regular edition and a special edition with Venom on the cover. The special edition comes with a bonus DVD showing how the game was made.
Reception
The game has had mixed to positive signals.
2005 video games
Game Boy Advance games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo GameCube games
PlayStation 2 games
Spider-Man video games
Xbox games
Etowah County, Alabama

Etowah County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 103,436. The county seat is Gadsden. The name is from a Cherokee word meaning "edible tree". It is the smallest county in Alabama, but one of the most densely populated.
References
Alabama counties
1866 establishments in Alabama
Romild Santos Rosa

Romild Santos Rosa (born October 25, 1973) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club statistics
|-
|2000||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J. League 1||10||0||0||0||2||1||12||1
10||0||0||0||2||1||12||1
10||0||0||0||2||1||12||1
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Oscar Niemeyer

Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (December 15, 1907 December 5, 2012) was a Brazilian architect who is thought to be an important name in worldwide modern architecture. He was a pioneer in the idea of using reinforced concrete for buildings.
Buildings made by Niemeyer often have a lot of empty space, making odd patterns. The biggest work he made was the plan for the city of Brasilia.
Politically, Niemeyer was a communist, which sometimes had a bad effect for him: When the military dictatorship of Brazil happened in 1964, Niemeyer was forced into exile in Paris. Fidel Castro once said "Niemeyer and I are the last Communists of this planet."
In 1988, Niemeyer won the Pritzker Prize.
In 2012, he died of cardiac arrest due to a respiratory tract infection.
References
Other websites
May 2006 Interview with Niemeyer, age 98, in Metropolis Magazine
Oscar Niemeyer, A Legend of Modernism , a book
Niemeyer in Brasilia history
Images of The Museum of Contemporary Art, Niteroi, Cathedral of Brasilia, and Memorial dos Povos Indigenas (Memorial for the Indigenous People)
1907 births
2012 deaths
Brazilian architects
Brazilian centenarians
Communists
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Deaths from cardiac arrest
People from Rio de Janeiro
Pritzker Architecture Prize winners
Expansion pack

An expansion pack is an addition (extra part) of a video game. Expansion packs can add characters, worlds, weapons, or scenarios. They can be for all types of video games.
Most expansion packs need the main version of the game to play, although there are a few exceptions which can be purchased stand-alone, such as The Ultimate Doom.
Expansion packs are usually cheaper than the main game, or may even be free.
The term "Expansion Pack" was also used by Nintendo for a hardware add-on that plugged into the Nintendo 64 and was required for some games. It increased the RAM from 4 MB to 8 MB.
Related pages
Sequel
Series
Video games
Al Rosen

Albert Leonard "Al" Rosen (February 29, 1924 - March 13, 2015), nicknamed "Flip" and "The Hebrew Hammer" (he was of Jewish descent), was an American professional baseball player. He was a third baseman and right-handed slugger in the Major Leagues for ten seasons in the 1940s and 1950s.
Rosen played for the Cleveland Indians throughout his entire baseball career. He began playing for them in 1947. He retired in 1956.
Rosen was born on February 29, 1924 in Spartanburg, South Carolina. He was raised in Miami, Florida. Rosen died on March 13, 2015 in Rancho Mirage, California, aged 90.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2015 deaths
Cleveland Indians players
Jewish American sportspeople
Sportspeople from Miami
Sportspeople from South Carolina
People from Spartanburg, South Carolina
Gill Pinnacle

Gill Pinnacle (or Gill's Pinnacle) is an inselberg in the far east of Western Australia, on the Ngaanyatjarra Lands. It is part of the Petermann Ranges. It consists of a dome-shaped hill, surrounded by dense shrub; its top is bare rock. The hill has been useful as a landmark, because it marks the location of one of the area's most reliable freshwater rockholes, Gordon's Springs. This is a few hundred meters to the north of the rock. The area is called (also spelled or ) in Pitjantjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra.
The first Europeans to visit the area were the explorers Ernest Giles and W. H. Tietkens, in 1874. They saw the rock from Weld Pass, which is further to the west. Giles named the rock after his brother-in-law. He named the waterhole, Gordon's Springs, after his nephew.
The closest town to Gill's Pinnacle is Kaltukatjara, Northern Territory, which is about to the east.
References
Other websites
Gill's Pinnacle on Bonzle Digital Atlas
Mountains of Australia
Geography of Western Australia
Lambeosaurinae

Lambeosaurinae is a sub-family of dinosaurs. They are hadrosaurs, or duck-billed dinosaurs. Dinosaurs in Lambeosaurinae had crests on their heads. The crests had hollow tubes in them. Scientists are not sure what the crest was for. They might have been tubes that let the dinosaur breathe while it was underwater, like a snorkel. They might have helped the dinosaur make sounds.
References
Hadrosauridae
Edwin van der Sar

Edwin van der Sar (born 29 October 1970) is a Dutch former football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="9"|Ajax||rowspan="9"|Eredivisie||9||0||||||colspan="2"|-||0||0||9||0
|-
|1991/92||0||0||||||colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0
|-
|1992/93||19||0||||||colspan="2"|-||3||0||22||0
|-
|1993/94||32||0||||||colspan="2"|-||6||0||38||0
|-
|1994/95||33||0||||||colspan="2"|-||11||0||44||0
|-
|1995/96||33||0||||||colspan="2"|-||11||0||44||0
|-
|1996/97||33||0||||||colspan="2"|-||10||0||43||0
|-
|1997/98||33||1||||||colspan="2"|-||8||0||41||1
|-
|1998/99||34||0||||||colspan="2"|-||6||0||40||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Juventus||rowspan="2"|Serie A||32||0||||||colspan="2"|-||4||0||36||0
|-
|2000/01||34||0||||||colspan="2"|-||6||0||40||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Fulham||rowspan="4"|Premier League||37||0||4||0||0||0||0||0||41||0
|-
|2002/03||19||0||0||0||0||0||11||0||30||0
|-
|2003/04||37||0||6||0||0||0||0||0||43||0
|-
|2004/05||34||0||5||0||1||0||0||0||40||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Manchester United||rowspan="5"|Premier League||38||0||2||0||3||0||8||0||51||0
|-
|2006/07||32||0||3||0||0||0||12||0||47||0
|-
|2007/08||29||0||4||0||0||0||10||0||43||0
|-
|2008/09||33||0||2||0||0||0||9||0||44||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
226||1||||||colspan="2"|-||55||0||281||1
66||0||||||colspan="2"|-||10||0||76||0
259||0||27||0||4||0||50||0||340||0
551||1||27||0||4||0||115||0||697||1
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1995||5||0
|-
|1996||10||0
|-
|1997||6||0
|-
|1998||14||0
|-
|1999||8||0
|-
|2000||12||0
|-
|2001||9||0
|-
|2002||6||0
|-
|2003||8||0
|-
|2004||17||0
|-
|2005||11||0
|-
|2006||12||0
|-
|2007||4||0
|-
|2008||8||0
|-
!Total||130||0
|}
References
1970 births
Living people
Association football goalkeepers
Dutch footballers
Manchester United F.C. players
Sportspeople from South Holland
Nonviolence

Nonviolence is a philosophy that rejects the use of physical violence. People who practice nonviolence when expressing their beliefs may use methods like education, persuasion, civil disobedience, and conscientious objection to military service.
A demonstration by a group of people in a public place, to show their support or to protest, is permitted on the condition that it remain nonviolent. Sometimes the demonstrators are nonviolent but other people who oppose them will come to the demonstration and behave violently to show their opposition.
Some religious movements, such as the Society of Friends (Quakers) and Jainism with Ahimsa, are known for the practice of nonviolence. There are people who adopt nonviolence in midlife, such as St. Francis of Assisi.
People who eat a vegetarian or vegan diet, and those who support animal rights, usually oppose any violence by humans against animals.
Famous leaders who practiced nonviolence
Mahatma Gandhi
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Related page
Anti-war movement
Pacifism
Peace
Virtues
Ethics
Civil disobedience
Myoglobin

Myoglobin is a protein that is able to bind oxygen. Myoglobin, which is similar to haemoglobin, is the main oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissues. Like haemoglobin, it has a porphyrin ring with an iron atom at its centre. It is in the muscle tissue of most mammals. Seals and other marine mammals have more myoglobin in their muscles than land animals.
In humans, increased level of myoglobin in the serum of the blood can be an indication of myocardial infarction. Other factors for a higher level can be damage to the muscles, epileptic seizures, polytrauma. If the value is much too high, this can lead to kidney failure.
Myoglobin belongs to the globin superfamily of proteins, and as with other globins, consists of eight alpha helices connected by loops. Myoglobin has 153 amino acids.
References
Proteins
Iron compounds
All the Right Moves (OneRepublic song)

"All the Right Moves" is a 2009 song by American pop rock band OneRepublic and is the lead single from their second studio album Waking Up. It went to the top 10 in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Slovakia and Switzerland and went to top 20 in Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Sweden and the United States. It also missed the top 20 in Canada.
Track listing
CD single
"All the Right Moves" - 3:59
"All the Right Moves" (Filthy Dukes remix) - 5:05
References
2009 songs
OneRepublic songs
Authorized King James Version

The Authorized King James Version is an abridged translation of the Bible into the English language. This version of the Bible is also called the Authorized Version (AV) or as the King James Version (KJV) in the United States.
The name "King James" comes from King James I of England, who told the Church of England to begin working on it in 1604. The first book was published in 1611.
Although it is one of the oldest English translations of the Bible, it is still one of the most widely read versions today. A 2014 survey in the United States found that 55% people who read the Bible were using the King James Version. The next most widely-read version was the New International Version at 19%, while other versions were used by less than 10%.
Source
Other websites
Online Searchable King James Dictionary
King James Version -Gutenberg Project
Bible versions
1611
17th-century books
Jazz piano

Jazz piano is a word for the ways pianists play jazz. The piano has been an important part of the jazz, in both solo and group settings. Its role is one of the biggest. This is because of the instrument's combined melodic and harmonic nature. For this reason it is also an important tool in the understanding of jazz theory and arranging for jazz musicians and composers. Together with the guitar, vibraphone, and other keyboard instruments, the piano is one of the few instruments in a jazz combo which can play chords, instead of only single notes (as with the saxophone or trumpet).
Jazz music