pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Royal Tombs of the Joseon dynasty

The Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty are a group of burial sites in Seoul, South Korea. Some of them are in other parts of WHICH Province. They were built for the rulers of the Joseon Dynasty and their families. They were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2009.
The tombs show Confucian philosophy. The location of each tomb was chosen carefully. Most tombs have a hillside behind them and face a body of water. Many of them have mountains visible in the background. Many of the tombs have statues, burial mounds, shrines for ancestor worship and buildings for guards and groundskeepers.
The oldest tomb was built in 1408 and the newest in 1966.
Archaeology
Unlike royal tombs in many other parts of the world, the Joseon Royal Tombs have not been robbed by grave robbers. Whenever archaeologists examined a grave, they found the dead man or woman still had a crown, gold, jewels, or other valuable grave goods. As far as scholars can tell, the only people to ever dig up Joseon Royal Tombs were modern archaeologists, starting in 1930 during the Japanese occupation of Korea. That team was careful to treat the tomb with respect so that the people of Korea would not become angry. Scholars know which king or queen was buried in some tombs and do not know which king or queen was buried in other tombs. Archaeologists only dig up tombs whose owner is not known.
References
Buildings and structures in Seoul
World Heritage Sites in South Korea
Kevin Farrell

Kevin Joseph Farrell KGCHS (born September 2, 1947) is an Irish-American prelate and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was a former member of the Legion of Christ.
Farrell was the seventh Bishop of Dallas, as well as the chancellor of the University of Dallas.
On September 1, 2016, he became the prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life. He was created a cardinal on November 19, 2016, by Pope Francis.
References
1947 births
Living people
American cardinals
American Roman Catholic bishops
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Dublin
People from Dallas
Armenian dram

The dram (Armenian: Dram) is the money of Armenia. It is divided into 100 luma. The word "dram" translates into English as "money". It is similar to the Greek drachma and the Arabic dirham. The Central Bank of Armenia is the only place that can print drams.
The first time the word dram was used for money in Armenia was from 1199 to 1375. The current dram began to be used 22 November 1993. This was after Armenia was no longer part of the Soviet Union.
References
Other websites
Central Bank of Armenia
Armenian Currency Exchange
Central Bank of Armenia next day USD to AMD exchange rate prediction Engine
Armemian Dram Sign History, shape, and promotion of Armenian Dram Sign
Coin Types from Armenia Lists, pictures, and values of Armenian coin types
The banknotes of Armenia
Currency of Europe
Currency of Asia
1993 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Armenia
Sveriges Television

Sveriges Television is the government-operated television station in Sweden. Regular broadcast began on 4 September 1956.
Main channels
SVT 1
SVT 2
Kunskapskanalen
Barnkanalen
Other websites
Sveriges Television
1956 establishments in Sweden
Swedish television
Liechtensteiner Americans

Liechtensteiner Americans are Americans of Liechtensteiner descent.
History
The first Liechtensteiner emigrants of which have record emigrated in United States in the early 1830s. However, first great wave of Liechtensteiner emigrants arrived to the United States on April 7, 1851, settling in New Orleans; and in 1852 other group emigrated to Dubuque, Iowa (including stonemasons, bricklayers and carpenters). Eventually, many of the Liechtensteiner emigrants of Dubuque left the city and got farms nearby. However, the Liechtensteiner emigration was reduced during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Later, when the construction of railroads began "lying the country together and opening up the West", other Liechtensteiners emigrated to United States to work in the construction of railroads.
During the following decades, many other Liechtensteiners emigrated to places such as Guttenberg, Iowa and Wabash, Indiana. However, between 1885 and 1907, Liechtensteiner emigration slowed, limited to a few individuals and families. Less than 30 Liechtensteiners emigrated during that period to United States. Reducing migration was due to the large increase in economic activity from the establishment of first textile factories in the 1880s.
The First World War caused an economic crisis in Liechtenstein (which originated, among other things, because the Entente allies stopped the "import of raw materials" into the country and the "massive speculation by the national bank"), so the Liechtenstein emigration to United States was retaken. Most of the new Liechtensteiner emigrants settled in urban areas, especially in Chicago and Hammond, Indiana, but there were Liechtensteiners throughout the country.
After the Second World War, a few more Liechtensteiners emigrated to the United States, the largest number arriving in 1948, when fifteen individuals or families came to this country. The reduction of the Liechtenstein emigration was due to improvements in economic conditions of Liechtenstein.
References
Ethnic groups in the United States
Blue Kentucky Girl (song)

"Blue Kentucky Girl" is a 1965 song by country singer Loretta Lynn and is the title track from her fourth studio album Blue Kentucky Girl. It went to number 7 on the Billboard Hot Country singles chart.
Emmylou Harris version
In 1979, Emmylou Harris covered Blue Kentucky Girl for her sixth studio album Blue Kentucky Girl. It went to number 6 on the Billboard Hot Country singles chart. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1980.
References
1965 songs
Country songs
Loretta Lynn songs
Emmylou Harris songs
Skeeter Davis songs
Hohenwart

Hohenwart is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Pfaffenhofen (district)
Choapa Province

Choapa Province () is one of three provinces of the Chilean region of Coquimbo Region (IV). Its capital is the city of Illapel
Geography
The Choapa province has an area of , the smallest province in the Coquimbo region.
Choapa is bordered on the north by the Limari province, on the east by Argentina, on the south by the Valparaiso region and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
Population
(last national census), there were 81,681 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The largest city of the province is Illapel, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 30,355 inhabitants.
Administration
As a province, Limari is a second-level administrative division, consisting of four communes (comunas). The city of Illapel serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
References
Other websites
Territorial division of Chile
Gobierno Regional de Coquimbo Official website
Province of Choapa website
Provinces of Chile
Francis Mudie

Sir Francis Mudie (1890-1976) was the first governor of the Punjab in Pakistan from 15 August 1947 to 2 August 1949.
1890 births
1976 deaths
People of British India
Governors of Bihar
St. Francis, Kansas

St. Francis is a city in Cheyenne County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Cheyenne County. In 2010, 1,329 people lived there.
History
St. Francis was created in 1887. The city may have been named for the wife of its founder.
Geography
St. Francis is at (39.771389, -101.800717). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Weather
St. Francis has a semi-arid climate (Koppen BSk). It has cold, dry winters and hot, humid summers.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,329 people, 650 households, and 357 families living in St. Francis.
Famous people
Ron Evans, astronaut and, as a member of Apollo 17, one of 24 people to have orbited the Moon
Ray Stafford, Olympian
References
Other websites
City
City of St Francis
St. Francis - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 297, local school district
Maps
St. Francis City Map, KDOT
Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Cheyenne County, Kansas
1887 establishments in Kansas
Valdez–Cordova Census Area, Alaska

The Valdez-Cordova Census Area was a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,636. It was part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest communities were Valdez and Cordova.
In January 2019, the United States Census Bureau, in cooperation with the state of Alaska, divided the area into two new census areas.
Chugach, covering coastal regions
Copper River, covering inland regions
References
Alaska census areas
Lin Xue

Lin Xue (Chinese:Lin Xue ) was a poet, painter, and calligrapher of the Ming Dynasty.
Works
Landscape Painting, with ink on Golden Paper, on 1620.
Landscape Painting, Bamboo Tree (Hanging-Scroll style), using ink and color on Silk, on 1621, Collected at Art institute of Chicago
Landscape Painting, (Fan) using ink on Golden Paper, on 1622, Private Collection
References
Chinese painters
Long integer

A long integer is a single item of data that computers can store. It can only represent whole numbers.
Integers
Computing
Acinos

Acinos is a genus of ten species of annual and short-lived evergreen perennial woody plants native to southern Europe and western Asia. Its name comes from the Greek word akinos, the name of a small aromatic plant. They are small, tufted, bushy or spreading plants growing to 10-45 cm tall. The 2-lipped, tubular flowers are borne on erect sprikes in mid-summer.
Species
Acinos alpinus
Acinos arvensis
Acinos corsicus
Acinos rotundifolius
Acinos suaveolens
Lamiaceae
2015 Copenhagen shootings

The 2015 Copenhagen attacks were two spree shootings in Copenhagen, Denmark, starting in the afternoon of 14 February 2015.
References
Other websites
2010s in Denmark
21st century in Copenhagen
February 2015 events
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2010s
2015 murders in Europe
Murders by firearm in Europe
Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2015
Hidekazu Orita

Hidekazu Orita (born 22 April 1961) is a former Japanese football player.
References
1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Garden City, Idaho

Garden City is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Ada County, Idaho
Voiceless velar implosive

The voiceless velar implosive is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
A Hungarian Fairy Tale

A Hungarian Fairy Tale is a 1988 Hungarian fantasy movie directed by Gyula Gazdag and starring David Vermes, Maria Varga, Frantisek Husak and Eszter Csakanyi.
Other websites
1988 fantasy movies
1980s family movies
Hungarian movies
Movies directed by Gyula Gazdag
Movies set in Budapest
Movies about orphans
Amplitude modulation

Amplitude Modulation, usually shortened to AM, is a simple way to send a radio signal. The signal can travel long distances, and appear in faraway places, because of the earth's ionosphere.
Amplitude is the height of a wave. A carrier wave is modulated (changed) by adding audio. The combined signal is transmitted over a frequency. AM signals can be received by a crystal-powered radio set, that needs no batteries or electrical power source. Many early radios were homemade, and used earphones.
AM signals are mostly sent out on medium wave and shortwave frequencies. They do not carry high fidelity sound, but the sound is good enough to hear most things. Analog signals can fade in and out, or have interference from power lines and power stations. Sunspot activity can also weaken signals.
In the early years of commercial broadcasting in the 1920s, medium wave AM (from 540 to 1600 kilocycles) was the only kind of radio widely used. Radio programs were much like today's television programs, including news, sports, drama, music, comedy, and other entertainment.
Later Frequency Modulation (FM) radio was developed. It had better fidelity, but the signals could not travel as far, so AM was still important. After television became common in the 1950s, AM became a major format for popular music. As FM became common in the 1970s, AM stations featured more news, and talk shows.
Shortwave radio signals (from 3000 to 30,000 kilocycles) can travel around the world, and are used by countries to send programs to distant places. These programs feature news about the country, examples of their native culture and history, and sometimes foreign language lessons.
References
Mechanical vibrations
Radio technology
Zambia at the Olympics

Zambia has been in 10 Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. They competed before as Northern Rhodesia.
Medalists
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
References
Other websites
Zambia profile at London2012.com
Sport in Zambia
Nations at the Olympics
Jackie DeShannon

Jackie DeShannon (born August 21, 1944) is an American musician and pop singer-songwriter. She was born Sharon Lee Myers.
DeShannon began her career around 1950.
DeShannon is the singer of songs, such as "What the World Needs Now is Love" and "Put a Little Love in Your Heart".
DeShannon was born in Hazel, Kentucky. Later, she and her parents moved to Aurora, Illinois.
Many sources say DeShannon was born in 1944. Others say that she was born in 1940, 1941 or 1942.
References
1944 births
American guitarists
American singer-songwriters
American pop singers
American pop musicians
Singers from Kentucky
Writers from Kentucky
Musicians from Kentucky
Singers from Illinois
People from Aurora, Illinois
Musicians from Illinois
Writers from Illinois
Living people
Danny K. Davis

Daniel K. Davis (born September 6, 1941) is an American politician. He is the U.S. Representative for , serving since January 1997. Davis is a member of the Democratic Party.
Davis is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus, Progressive Caucus, and Democratic Socialists of America.
Davis was one of 31 U.S. Representatives who voted against counting the electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election.
References
Other websites
Congressman Danny K. Davis official House site
Danny K. Davis for Congress
1941 births
American socialists
Democratic socialists
Living people
Politicians from Arkansas
Politicians from Chicago
United States representatives from Illinois
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
Johan Olof Wallin

Johan Olof Wallin, born 15 October 1779 in Yttre Skomsarby, Sweden, dead 30 June 1839 in Uppsala, Sweden was a Swedish Lutheran clergyman. He was the Church of Sweden Archbishop of Uppsala between 1837 and 1839. He also wrote many Christian songs/hymns.
References
Other websites
Svenskt Biografiskt Handlexikon (1906), in Swedish
Nordiskt familjelexikon article Wallin, Johan Olof. In Swedish.
1779 births
1839 deaths
Archbishops of Uppsala
Mario Götze

Mario Gotze (born 3 June 1992 in Memmingen) is a German footballer. He plays as a midfielder for PSV Eindhoven and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He is considered one of Germany's best talents. He scored the winning goal of the 2014 FIFA World Cup final against Argentina.
International
International statistics
International goals
Scores and results table. Germany's goal tally first:
Honours
Club
Borussia Dortmund
Bundesliga: 2010-11, 2011-12
DFB-Pokal: 2011-12, 2016-17
DFL-Supercup: 2019
Bayern Munich
Bundesliga: 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16
DFB-Pokal: 2013-14, 2015-16
UEFA Super Cup: 2013
FIFA Club World Cup: 2013
International
Germany
FIFA World Cup: 2014
UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2009
Individual
UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Golden Player: 2009
UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Team of the tournament: 2009
Fritz Walter Medal: U17 Gold Medal 2009
Fritz Walter Medal: U18 Gold Medal 2010
Bundesliga Young Player of the Year: 2010-11
kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2010-11, 2012-13
Tuttosport Golden Boy: 2011
Goal of the Month (Germany): July 2014
Goal of the Year (Germany): 2014
Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2014
References
1992 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Borussia Dortmund squad
Sportspeople from Bavaria
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Henet

Henet or the Pelican is an Ancient Egyptian goddess. She has to do with pelicans. The Pyramid Texts talk about Henet.
The Pelican (Henet in Egyptian) is shown on the walls of tombs of people from the Pharaoh's court. Henet is in scenes of farm animals. Henet is in royal funerary texts from the Pyramid Age as a protective symbol against snakes. The description of the Pelican falling into the Nile seems connected with the idea that dangerous things are disguised as fish, and the pelican will capture them in its large beak. This is similar to the dragnets and bird nets used for trapping sinners in the Underworld. Scholars think that Henet is a goddess because she is called "mother of the king" in the Pyramid Texts. In ancient Egypt, that only meant a goddess.
In non-royal funerary papyri the Pelican can predict safe travel for a dead person in the Underworld. The open beak of the Pelican is also associated with the ability of the deceased to leave the burial chamber and go out into the rays of the sun, possibly an analogy made between the long cavernous beak of the pelican and the tomb shaft.
References
Egyptian gods and goddesses
Gods and goddesses
Yi Hwang

Yi Hwang (1501-1570) was a Korean Joseon Dynasty Neo-Confucianism philosopher, politician, writer, and poet.
The name he wrote under was Toegye or Toedo. His courtesy name was Gyeongho.
Toegyero, a street in central Seoul, is named after him. His likeness is on the South Korean 1,000 won note.
Related pages
Jo Sik
References
Other websites
Yi Hwang
http://100.daum.net/encyclopedia/view.do?docid=b18a0815b
Yi Hwang
Dosan school
Toigye Academic researchers
Toigye Academic Business Association
Korean people
Confucianism
1501 births
1570 deaths
José María Morelos

Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon (30 September 1765 - 22 December 1815) was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel leader. He led the Mexican War of Independence movement. He led the movement after the execution of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in 1811. He was later captured by the Spanish colonial authorities. He was executed for treason in 1815, in San Cristobal Ecatepec.
Morelos was born in the city of Valladolid, which is now Morelia, Michoacan.............
People from Michoacan
1765 births
1815 deaths
19th century in Mexico
Executed people
Roman Catholics
Stefanie Dolson

Stefanie Dolson is a basketball player from USA. Dolson competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She was born on 8 January 1992.
References
Other websites
1992 births
Living people
American basketball players
American Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from New York (state)
Kahramanmaraş

Kahramanmaras is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Mediterranean Region. In 2013, 1,075,706 people lived there. The city was badly damaged and many people died in the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.
Cities in Turkey
Mediterranean Region, Turkey
Numerator

In math, the top part of a fraction is called the numerator. If the line part of the fraction is flat, the numerator is on top. If the line part of the fraction is at a slant, the numerator is on the left. The lower part is called the denominator of the fraction. For example:
In the numerator is "3".
In the numerator is "76".
In the numerator is "(15+6)".
In (a + b) / 6c, the numerator is "(a + b)".
The numerator can be any real number, including zero. A proper fraction is where the top number is smaller than the bottom number. If the numerator is larger than the denominator, then it is called an improper fraction.
Fractions (mathematics)
Metropolitan Tabernacle

The Metropolitan Tabernacle is a large Reformed Baptist church in the Elephant and Castle in London. It was Charles Spurgeon's church for many years.
History
The tabernacle fellowship dates to 1650 when the English Crown banned Christian denominations other than Puritanism. Membership grew when freedom of religion came to England in 1688. The present London Tabernacle church building dates to 1898, albeit with extensive repairs of damage caused by the Blitzkrieg raids on London.
Other websites
Metropolitan Tabernacle official site
Baptist churches
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Southwark
José Luis Chilavert

Jose Luis Chilavert (born 27 July 1965) is a former Paraguayan football player. He has played for Paraguay national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1985||rowspan="4"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="4"|Primera Division||10||0
|-
|1985/86||38||0
|-
|1986/87||31||0
|-
|1987/88||43||0
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="3"|La Liga||37||0
|-
|1989/90||34||0
|-
|1990/91||8||0
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="10"|Velez Sarsfield||rowspan="10"|Primera Division||18||0
|-
|1992/93||30||0
|-
|1993/94||23||0
|-
|1994/95||34||1
|-
|1995/96||34||4
|-
|1996/97||24||6
|-
|1997/98||35||10
|-
|1998/99||26||4
|-
|1999/00||34||8
|-
|2000/01||8||2
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Strasbourg||Division 1||17||0
|-
|2001/02||Division 2||33||0
|-
|2002/03||Ligue 1||0||0
|-
|2003||Penarol||Primera Division||14||4
|-
|2003/04||Velez Sarsfield||Primera Division||6||0
394||35
79||0
50||0
14||4
537||39
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1989||2||1
|-
|1990||0||0
|-
|1991||6||0
|-
|1992||0||0
|-
|1993||10||1
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||7||1
|-
|1997||9||1
|-
|1998||10||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||13||2
|-
|2001||7||2
|-
|2002||5||0
|-
|2003||2||0
|-
!Total||74||8
|}
References
1965 births
Living people
Paraguayan footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Villiers-Vineux

Villiers-Vineux is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Potential National Hockey League expansion

The National Hockey League (NHL) has gone through many rounds of expansion and other organizational changes during its nearly 100-year history to reach its current number of thirty teams: twenty-three in the United States, and seven in Canada. On June 22, 2016 the NHL officially approved expansion to Las Vegas starting in the 2017-18 season. The new Las Vegas team was unveiled as the Vegas Golden Knights on November 22 of that year.
References
National Hockey League
Sheldon S. Cohen

Sheldon S. Cohen (June 28, 1927 - September 4, 2018) was an American attorney. He was the Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 1965 to 1969 during the Lyndon B. Johnson administration. He was born in Washington, D.C..
Cohen died of heart failure on September 4, 2018, in Chevy Chase, Maryland at age 91.
References
1927 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Commissioners of Internal Revenue
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Jefferson County, Montana

Jefferson County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 11,406 people. Its county seat is Boulder. The county was created in 1865 and named after Thomas Jefferson, the 3rd President of the United States (1801-1809).
References
1865 establishments in Montana Territory
Montana counties
COVID-19 pandemic in Chad

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Chad in March 2020.
On 19 March, Chadian authorities reported their first case, a Moroccan passenger who flew from Douala.
On 26 March, with three cases already reported, Chadian authorities reported two additional positive cases. The cases were a 48-year-old Chadian and a 55-year-old Cameroonian passenger on a 17 March Ethiopian Airlines flight from Dubai and Brussels, respectively, through Addis Ababa.
On 30 March, two more cases of COVID-19 were reported, a Chadian citizen from Douala and a Swiss citizen from Brussels.
On 6 April, Chad recorded its first case of local contamination, a 31-year-old Chadian who was in contact with another Chadian who had diagnosed positive.
References
Chad
Chad
Metropolitan Tower (Chicago)

The Metropolitan Tower, owned by Metropolitan Properties of Chicago, is a skyscraper located at 310 S. Michigan Avenue in Chicago's East Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District in the Loop community area in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The size of the building is to .
References
Skyscrapers in Chicago
Cool Jerk

"Cool Jerk" is a 1966 song by R & B band The Capitols. It went to number 7 in the United States and number 9 in Canada. It was used in the 1992 movie Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. It has been covered by new wave band The Go-Go's.
References
1966 songs
The Coasters songs
The Go-Go's songs
Rimont

Rimont is a village and commune in the Ariege departement of south-western France.
Communes in Ariege
Matiari District

Matiari District () is in Sindh, Pakistan. The city of Matyari is the capital. The district is administratively subdivided into three talukhas:
Hala Tehsil
Matiari Tehsil
Saeedabad Tehsil
References
Matiari District
Wechingen

Wechingen is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Donau-Ries
Aaliyah (given name)

Aaliyah is a female given name meaning "exalted one".
People
Aaliyah, American singer and actress (1979-2001)
Aaliyah Alleyne (born 1994), West Indian cricketer
Aaliyah Brown (born 1995), American sprinter
Aaliyah Edwards (born 2002), American basketball player
Names
National park

A national park is a park or an area of land officially recognized and protected by a nation's government. National parks are often made to protect the animals that live inside them or the land itself. There are many National Parks in the world.
The first one established (in 1872) was the United States Yellowstone National Park. It was the first national park in the world. But the idea of protecting areas from human development was proposed years earlier. American painter George Catlin offered the idea during the 1830s.
An international organization, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined National Parks as its category II type of protected areas. The largest national park in the world meeting the IUCN definition is the Northeast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974. According to the IUCN, there are about 7000 national parks worldwide (2010 figure).
Definitions
In 1969 the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) declared a national park to be a relatively large area with:
with one or more ecosystems (or ecological system) not much altered by humans. It should have plant and animal species, geology sites and habitats. These should be of special scientific, educative and recreative interest, or contain a natural landscape of great beauty.
the country has taken steps to prevent or eliminate exploitation or occupation in the area. They must enforce respect for its ecological, geomorphological or aesthetic features.
visitors are allowed to enter, under special conditions, for inspirational, educative, cultural and recreative purposes.
a minimum size of 1,000 hectares within zones where nature is protected
statutory (or legal) protection
a budget and staff to provide sufficient effective protection
no business use of natural resources (including the development of dams) except such activities as sport, fishing, the need for management, facilities, etc.
While national parks are generally understood to be administered by national governments (hence the name), in Australia national parks are run by State Governments and predate the Federation of Australia. Also in Japan, some of them called "Quasi-national Parks" (Guo Ding Gong Yuan ) are recognized by the government and managed by local governments.
Examples
Manu National Park, Peru
Everglades, Florida
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Yosemite National Park, California
Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Arizona
Yellowstone National Park, United States
Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia
Dartmoor, Devon, England
Galapagos National Park, Ecuador
Teide National Park, Spain
Other websites
UNESCO -- Man and the Biosphere Programme (Biosphere Reserves)
World Heritage Sites
UN Protected Areas database
EUROPARC federation -- Europe's protected areas
United States National Park Service
National Parks of Japan by Ministry of the Environment, Japan
South Korea- Korea National Park Service
European National Parks Centre (ENPC)
TeddyRoosevelt.com: "The National Parks President"
References
Wanda Allan

Wanda Marie Allan-Parsons is an archer from Canada. Allan competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was born on 24 January 1955.
References
Other websites
1955 births
Living people
Canadian archers
Canadian Olympians
Jim Krenn

James Anthony Krenn (born October 13, 1959) is an American comedian and radio personality, best known for his work on The DVE Morning Show on WDVE in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1988-December 6, 2011. Krenn and former partner Scott Paulsen provided most of the voices for the Nickelodeon stop motion animation series, Action League Now!.
Other websites
1959 births
Living people
Actors from Pittsburgh
American voice actors
Mersal (movie)

Mersal () is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action thriller movie directed and co-written by Atlee. It was produced by Thenandal Studio Limited. The movie stars Vijay with S. J. Surya, Kajal, Samantha, and Nithya Menen. Vijay is playing a triple role in this movie for the first time.
Synopsis
The story revolves around two brothers in which one is a magician who avenges his father's death and medical crimes. Another is a reputed doctor who takes a small amount of money from his patients.
Cast
Vijay in a triple role as Vetrimaaran / Vetri / Dr. Maaran
Kajal Aggarwal as Dr. Anu Pallavi, Vetri's love interest
Nithya Menen as Aishwarya "Aishu" Vetrimaaran, Vetrimaaran's wife
Samantha as Tara, a media reporter
Vadivelu as Vadivu
S. J. Surya as Daniel Arockiyaraj, the antagonist
Sathyaraj as DC Rathnavel "Randy"
Kovai Sarala as Sarala
Hareesh Peradi as Arjun Zachariah, Anu Pallavi's dean head
Sathyan as Maniya, Rathnavel's assistant
Shivani Murali as Paapu, Anu Pallavi's friend
Rajendran as Health Minister
Yogi Babu as Nolan
Kaali Venkat as Poongodi's father
Devadarshini as a nurse
Surekha Vani as a nurse
Release
Mersal was released worldwide on 18 October 2017, which coincides with the Diwali festival. Before its release, the movie faced problems regarding title issues, and censorship because, the film refused to approve NoC from the Animal Welfare Board of India for the use of few animals without permission. As a result, Central Board of Film Certification refused approval for censorship. On 16 October 2017, the film received a U/A certificate from CBFC, with few cuts after receiving NoC from AWBI.
Reception
Mersal received positive reviews from critics. The Times of India gave the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and said "With Mersal, we have got this year's most engaging mass masala movie. When you have a mass hero in full form like Vijay is in the film, how can things go wrong?". The Indian Express also gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and said "Atlee has not just exploited Vijay's stardom to deliver a flamboyant crowd-pleaser (which he did in Theri already) but has fleshed out an interesting script that plays up the best onscreen traits of the actor".
Soundtrack
A. R. Rahman composed the soundtrack album and background score of Mersal, teaming up with Vijay for the third time, after his films Udhaya(2004), and Azhagiya Tamizh Magan (2007), and his first collaboration with Atlee. The lyrics for the film were written by Vivek, who also teams up with Rahman for the first time.
References
Other websites
Tamil-language movies
2010s Indian movies
Movies set in Paris
2017 action movies
2017 thriller movies
Pregnancy movies
Movies about revenge
Infinitesimal model

The infinitesimal model or polygenic model is a way of understanding how traits are passed from parents to children using genes. It is used a lot in the study of how genes work and in studying all the genes in our DNA. This idea was first shared by Ronald Fisher in 1918. He said that many small genes together can decide how a trait shows up in a person.
In Fisher's 1918 paper, he explained that if a trait is decided by many genes, then the trait will be normally distributed in people. But it doesn't mean everyone will show the trait in the same way. It depends on their parents' genes. This idea helped people understand how the rules of genes and the ways traits show up can work together.
This model says that when less important genes change, the way traits show does not change fast. Because each gene has a tiny role. Changes in a phenotype like a trait or disease happen when many genes change. This is different from changes in only a few genes or one gene. It helps us understand how traits work.
References
Statistical models
Statistics
Statistical genetics
Genetics
Marina's Destiny

Marina's Destiny () is a 1953 Soviet drama movie directed by Isaak Shmaruk and Viktor Ivchenko. It stars Yekaterina Litvinenko, Nikolai Gritsenko, and Tatyana Konyukhova.
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1953 movies
Soviet drama movies
Doris Singleton

Doris Singleton (Dorthea Singleton; September 28, 1919 - June 26, 2012) was an American movie and television actress. She was best known for her role as Carolyn Appleby in I Love Lucy. Her career lasted for 31 years until her retirement in 1986.
Singleton was born in New York City, New York on September 28, 1919. Singleton was married to Charles Issacs from 1941 until his death in 2002. They had no children.
Singleton died on June 26, 2012 in her home in Los Angeles, California from natural causes. She was 92 years old.
Movies
Affair in Reno (1957)
Voice in the Mirror (1958)
Amelia Earhart (1976)
Deadly Messages (1985)
References
Other websites
1919 births
2012 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
All-dressed

All-dressed chips are a potato chip flavour, popular in Canada. The flavour is a combination of barbecue, ketchup, sour cream and onion, and salt and vinegar flavours.
In 2016, American food manufacturer Frito-Lay began to sell their all-dressed Ruffles potato chip in the United States.
References
Snack foods
Ranspach-le-Haut

Ranspach-le-Haut is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Daniel Scioli

Daniel Osvaldo Scioli (, ; born 13 January 1957) is an Argentine politician and businessman. He was Vice President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007 and Governor of Buenos Aires Province from 2011 to 2015. From 2020 to 2022 he was Argentina's ambassador to Brazil. In 2022, he became the Minister of Production in the cabinet of Alberto Fernandez.
He was president of the Justicialist Party. He ran for President of Argentina in the 2015 general elections, and lost to Mauricio Macri in a runoff election.
References
1957 births
Living people
Politicians from Buenos Aires
Businesspeople from Buenos Aires
Ambassadors
Toonbox

Toonbox is a Russian animation studio founded in Russia. It is currently based in Cyprus.
History
The studio was founded in 2008, by Pavel Muntyan (CEO) and Vladimir Ponomarev (CCO).
Animated Shows
Animated short films
The Hero as the Rock, 2010, directed by Alexandr Svirsky
Word and Words, 2010, directed by Alexandr Svirsky
The Magic Pot, 2010, directed by Andrey Bahurin
Onotole, 2010, directed by Dmitry Gorbunov, Artur Merkulov
Chepurnas, 2012, directed by Alexandr Svirsky
Awards
Vinnician Festival, 2008, for the animated movie The Real Adventures of Belka and Strelka
Russian Flash Awards', 2009, for the animated movie Three Acrobat Brothers (Best Animation)
Open Russian Festival of Animated Film, 2010, for the animated movie The History Could Have Gone Differently (Best Applied Animation)
On April 15, 2010 Mr. Freeman was awarded as the best video blog at the international Weblog competition The Best of Blogs in Berlin
VI Multimatograph, 2010, for the series Shaman's Quest (Grand Prix of the festival)
Open Russian Festival of Animated Film, 2012, for the animated movie The Berry Pie (Best Kids' Movie)
X Moscow Festival of Native Movies, 2012, for the movie The Berry Pie (Audience Award)
XXIV Animation Festival in Suzdal, 2019, for Qumi-Qumi series in an updated format (2D and 3D)
Other websites
Toonbox Studio, official site
Toonbox Studio, official Facebook page
Mr. Freeman, official site
Qumi-Qumi, official site
Shaman's Quest, official site
References
Companies of Russia
Mass media
Cyprus
Animation studios
2008 establishments in Europe
Caleb

Caleb son of Jephunneh was a person from the Book of Numbers who was one of the twelve spies that Moses sent to Canaan and aside from Joshua was the only one of them who still thought that the Lord could give the Israelites a victory against Canaan. Because of this Caleb and Joshua were the only adult males of that generation allowed to live long enough to come into the Promised Land.
Book of Joshua
At the end of the Book of Joshua, just before Joshua dies, Caleb asks Joshua for permission to conquer Hebron and Joshua gives it to him.
Judges
In the Book of Judges, Caleb's daughter marries Othniel, the first judge.
The Midrash
According to a Midrash in the Talmud, Caleb was one of the two spies that Joshua sent to Rahab.
Old Testament people
Mona Wessman

Mona Wessman, born 24 March 1948 in Langsele in Sweden, is a Swedish singer.
Her breakthrough came together with Nina Lizell and Claes-Goran Hederstrom in the Minishow TV show, which aired on Pentecost Saturday 1967. Her definitive breaktrhough as a recording artist was Ga och gom dej, Ake Trak, participating at Melodifestivalen 1968, ending up third, and becoming a Svensktoppen hit peaking at third position. The same year, she toured the folkparks of Sweden together with Nina and Claes-Goran. Sven Lindahl wrote another of her more successful songs, Hambostinta i kortkort.
During the autumn of 1968, she toured with Lenne Broberg, Claes-Goran Hederstrom and Hipp Happy Band, consisting of Mats Westman, Lasse Sandborg, Stefan Moller och Bertil Bodahl.
Scoring several Svensktoppen hits by the late 1960s, she also appeared in the 1968 film Asa-Nisse och den stora kalabaliken. She also participated at Melodifestivalen 1973 where the song she performed, Helledudane en san karl, ended up last.
References
Other websites
1948 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Aleksander Waszkowski

Aleksander Waszkowski (1841-1865) was a Polish politician who served as former prime minister in the Polish Government Crisis (January Uprising) a year before his death.
Career
He was a member of the Warsaw City Organization. In February 1863, he carried out an action to take over staff maps, and in June of the same year - the Cash Office of the Central Government Revenue and Treasury Commission of the Kingdom of Poland. Appointed the last insurgent warden of Warsaw, he held this position from December 10, 1863 to December 19, 1864, when he was accidentally arrested on Elektoralna Street. He was aware of the impossibility of reversing the fall of the uprising, but by issuing orders and proclamations he tried to maintain the impression that the municipal organization was still functioning. He had no permanent residence; he spent the night in the mill buildings in Solec, and spent his days reading newspapers in cafes. He consciously decided not to go out of town.
Death
He was imprisoned in the 10th pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel. He was executed on its slopes on February 17, 1865 together with Emanuel Szafarczyk. It was the last public execution of participants in the uprising in Warsaw.
Polish politicians
Allie Grant

Allie Grant (b. February 14, 1994) is an American actress. In The Suite Life of Zack and Cody, she played Agnes. She also played Lisa in Suburgatory.
Grant was born in Tupelo, Mississippi.
References
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Mississippi
1994 births
Living people
People from Tupelo, Mississippi
Peter Houston

Peter Houston (born 19 July 1958 in Baillieston) is a former Scottish footballer. He played as a full-back. He is currently caretaker manager at Dundee United. He gained that post after Craig Levein's depature for coach of the Scotland international team.
1958 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Manuel dos Santos (footballer)

Manuel dos Santos Fernandes (born 28 March 1974) is a former French football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Monaco||rowspan="2"|Division 1||20||0
|-
|1996/97||2||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Montpellier||rowspan="3"|Division 1||32||0
|-
|1998/99||32||0
|-
|1999/00||30||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="2"|Division 1||27||0
|-
|2001/02||26||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||33||1
|-
|2003/04||12||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Benfica||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||21||0
|-
|2005/06||3||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Monaco||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||15||1
|-
|2006/07||25||0
|-
|2007/08||Strasbourg||Ligue 1||18||0
272||2
24||0
296||2
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
French footballers
Ugly Betty

Ugly Betty is a Golden Globe- and Peabody Award-winning American comedy-drama television series. It stars America Ferrera, Vanessa Williams, and Eric Mabius. It premiered on September 28, 2006, on ABC in the United States. The series follows the life of Betty Suarez (Ferrera), and her incongruous job at the ultra-chic New York City fashion magazine "Mode". Betty's status as a "fish out of water" drives much of the plot. Ugly Betty ended on April 14, 2010 after low ratings during season 4.
Seasons
USA TV ratings
Based on average total viewers per episode of Ugly Betty on ABC:
In popular culture
Since the show's debut, the main characters have become the latest fixures in the lexicon of pop media culture. They have already had parodies, news media stories and art-imitating-life situations, as well as recognition from the United States Congress itself.
References
Other websites
Bettysuarez.com Betty's "personal site"
Bettyalamode.com Ugly Betty Fansite
Ugly Betty Italia The first Italian site about Ugly Betty
Ugly Betty UK A UK Ugly Betty Blog
2006 American television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American comedy-drama television series
American sitcoms
Golden Globe Award winning programs
Peabody Award winners
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs
Buckner, Arkansas

Buckner is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Towns in Arkansas
Fruitarianism

Fruitarianism is a diet where people mostly eat fruits, and possibly nuts and seeds, without animal products. Fruitarianism is a strict of dietary veganism.
Fruitarians can become a fruitarian for different reasons, including ethical, religious, environmental, cultural, economic, and health reasons. There are many types of the diet. Some people whose diet consists of 75% or more fruit consider themselves fruitarians.
Definitions
Some fruitarians will eat only what comes naturally from a plant: foods that can be harvested without killing or harming the plant. These foods consist primarily of culinary fruits, nuts, and seeds. Some do not eat grains, believing it is unnatural to. Some fruitarians feel that humans shouldn't to eat seeds as they contain future plants,or nuts and seeds, or any foods besides juicy fruits. Others believe they should eat only plants that spread seeds when the plant is eaten. Others eat seeds and some cooked foods. Some fruitarians use beans, peas, or other legumes. Other fruitarians' diets include raw fruits, dried fruits, nuts, honey and olive oil, or fruits, nuts, beans and chocolate.SO different fruitarians do different things.
Motivation
Some fruitarians who hold Judeo-Christian beliefs hold that fruitarianism was the original diet of humankind in the form of Adam and Eve, based on the Book of Genesis. They believe that a return to an Eden-like paradise will require simple living a health and diet. Another common motivation is the desire to eliminate perceived toxicity within the body. For others, the appeal of a fruitarian diet comes from the challenge that the restrictive nature of this diet provides.
References
Animal rights
Vegetarianism
Saïd Amara

Said Amara (11 March 1933 - 2 August 2020) was an Algerian football player and manager. He was born in Saida. He played club football for MC Saida, USM Bel-Abbes, Strasbourg, Beziers and Bordeaux. He also earned five caps for the Algerian national team between 1963 and 1964.
References
1933 births
2020 deaths
Algerian football managers
Algerian footballers
Hash function

The Hash function is a function. When a computer program is written, very often, large amounts of data need to be stored. These are normally stored as hash tables. In order to find the data again, some value is calculated. This is like when someone reads a book, and to remember, they put what they read into their own words. Hash values are much the same, except that care is taken that different sets of data do not get the same hash value (this is called a hash collision).
A cryptographic hash function is a kind that is used in cryptography. Its hash value is a fixed-size, alphanumeric string, and may also be called a 'message digest', 'digital fingerprint', 'digest' or 'checksum'.
Related pages
Hash table
Computer science
Luis Alberto Monge

Luis Alberto Monge Alvarez (29 December 1925 - 29 November 2016) was a Costa Rican politician, diplomat and lawyer. He was the President of Costa Rica from 8 May 1982 to 8 May 1986. Before being President, he was the country's ambassador to Israel.
He was born in Palmares, Alajuela Province. Monge died of cardiac arrest on 29 November 2016 in San Jose, aged 90.
References
Other websites
Biography by CIDOB Foundation
1925 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Presidents of Costa Rica
Lawyers
Ambassadors to Israel
Nieuw-Vennep

Nieuw-Vennep is a town in the Netherlands. It is right below Amsterdam and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Around 30,000 people live in the town.
Photo gallery
Settlements in North Holland
Haarlemmermeer
Cheaper by the Dozen 2

Cheaper by the Dozen 2 is a 2005 American family comedy movie directed by Adam Shankman. Steve Martin, Bonnie Hunt, Hilary Duff, Piper Perabo, Alyson Stoner, and Tom Welling return to their roles from the first movie. Eugene Levy and Carmen Electra co-star.
Cast
Bakers
Steve Martin as Tom Baker
Bonnie Hunt as Kate Baker
Piper Perabo as Nora Baker-McNulty
Tom Welling as Charlie Baker
Hilary Duff as Lorraine Baker
Kevin G. Schmidt as Henry Baker
Alyson Stoner as Sarah Baker
Jacob Smith as Jake Baker
Forrest Landis as Mark Baker
Liliana Mumy as Jessica Baker
Morgan York as Kim Baker
Blake Woodruff as Mike Baker
Brent Kinsman as Kyle Baker
Shane Kinsman as Nigel Baker
Murtaughs
Eugene Levy as Jimmy Murtaugh
Carmen Electra as Sarina Murtaugh
Shawn Roberts as Calvin Murtaugh
Jaime King as Anne Murtaugh
Robbie Amell as Daniel Murtaugh
Melanie Tonello as Becky Murtaugh
Taylor Lautner as Elliot Murtaugh
Courtney Fitzpatrick as Lisa Murtaugh
Madison Fitzpatrick as Robin Murtaugh
Alexander Conti as Kenneth "Kenny" Murtaugh
References
2005 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Sequel movies
Movies set in Chicago
Antarctic

The Antarctic is the area around the Earth's South Pole. Its opposite is the Arctic region which is around the North Pole. The Antarctic includes the continent of Antarctica and the ices, waters and islands in the Southern Ocean.
References
Academy Award for Best Actor

Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit. It is presented each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is to recognize an actor with an outstanding performance in a movie. Before 1976, this award was called the Academy Award of Merit for Performance by an Actor. Since the beginning the award has commonly been called the Oscar for Best Actor.
Actors are nominated for this award by Academy members who are actors and actresses themselves. The winner is selected by the Academy membership as a whole.
Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first in bold, followed by the other nominees.
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Related pages
BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
Other websites
Oscars.org (official Academy site)
Actor