pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
2018

2018 (twenty eighteen) (MMXVIII) was .
Events
January 1 - Estonia takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union from the United Kingdom.
January 20-22 - The United States government enters a shutdown due to a dispute over the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)
February did not experience a completely realized full moon this year
February 9-25 - 2018 Winter Olympics were held in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
March 1 - President Donald Trump announced import for tariff steel 25% and 10% of Aluminum.
April 23 - A white van collided with numerous pedestrians killing nine and injuring sixteen others at Yonge Street in Toronto.
June 14-July 15 -- 2018 FIFA World Cup was held in Russia.
July 1 - Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador is elected President of Mexico.
July 1 - Bulgaria takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union from Estonia.
July 27 - Mars made its closest approach to Earth since 2003. It will not be as close as the 2003 opposition.
August 11 - The final Drum Corps International World Championship to be held in the Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana, after an 11-year run.
September 16 - Swedish general election for the Riksdag take place.
September 28 - An earthquake and tsunami hits Sulawesi, Indonesia killing 2,256 people.
October 23 - The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge is opened for the public to use. It is the longest bridge in the world that crosses a sea.
November 6 - The United States mid-term elections take place.
December 22 - A tsunami hits the Sunda Strait in Indonesia, killing more than 430 people.
Computer and video games
Games set in 2018:
Fortnite (2018)
Krazy Ivan (1996)
Trauma Center: Under the Knife (2005)
Phoenix Wright: Trials and Tribulations (2007)
Movies
Rollerball (1975)
Terminator Salvation (2009)
I Spit on Your Rave (2010)
Iron Sky (2011)
Literature
Halting State (2007) by Charles Stross.
Television series
The storyline for the sci-fi television series seaQuest DSV begins in 2018.
The second season of Code Geass takes place in 2018.
Science
1,000 petaflops 100 million core computer
Driverless Cars
Exomars launch
Deaths
References
Len Lesser

Leonard King "Len" Lesser (December 3, 1922 - February 16, 2011) was an American movie, television, voice, and stage actor. He was known for his role as Uncle Leo in Seinfeld. He was born in New York City, New York on December 3, 1922. He was married to Janice Burrell from 1954 until they divorced in 1982. They had two children. Lesser died on February 16, 2011 in Burbank, California from pneumonia caused by his cancer. He was 88 years old.
References
Other websites
1922 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
Jewish American actors
Comedians from New York City
Actors from New York City
Black Dahlia

Elizabeth Short (July 29, 1924 - January 14 or 15, 1947), known as "the Black Dahlia", was an American woman who was found murdered in a neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Her case became highly publicized due to the graphic nature of the crime. Her corpse was chopped into pieces and severed at the waist.
Short's unsolved murder and the details surrounding it have had caused many theories and public speculation. It is one of the oldest unsolved cases in Los Angeles County.
References
1924 births
1947 deaths
American murder victims
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Deaths by blade weapons
People from Boston
People from Los Angeles
Michael K. Williams

Michael Kenneth Williams (November 22, 1966 - September 6, 2021) was an American actor. He played Omar Little on the HBO drama series The Wire and Albert "Chalky" White on the HBO series Boardwalk Empire.
Williams died on the morning of September 6, 2021 at his New York City apartment at the age of 54. His death is being investigated as a possible drug overdose.
References
1969 births
2021 deaths
American stage actors
American voice actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
Peter Jackson

Sir Peter Robert Jackson ONZ KNZM (born 31 October 1961, Wellington, New Zealand) is a New Zealand film director. He is most widely known for directing The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. He also directed the 2005 film, King Kong.
In 2003, Jackson won three Academy Awards for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King: Academy Award for Directing, Academy Award for Best Picture and Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay.
Filmography
Bad Taste (1987)
Meet the Feebles (1989)
Valley of the Stereos (1992) (short film)
Braindead (a.k.a. Dead Alive) (1992)
Heavenly Creatures (1994)
Forgotten Silver (1995) - mockumentary
The Frighteners (1996)
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
King Kong (2005)
The Lovely Bones (2007)
Halo (2008) - executive producer
The Adventures of Tintin - executive producer
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012)
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013)
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014)
References
Other websites
1961 births
Living people
Academy Award winning directors
Actors from Wellington
New Zealand movie actors
New Zealand movie directors
New Zealand movie producers
New Zealand screenwriters
Grammy Award for Best Rock Album

The Grammy Award for Best Rock Album has been awarded since 1995. Below is the list of awards, given for musical works created in the previous year.
Sheryl Crow was the first artist to win this award twice (1997 and 1999). The second act to do so was the Foo Fighters, the third U2, and the fourth Green Day.
Foo Fighters have won this award five times. This is more than any other artist.
Winners
References
Rock Album
Fates Warning

Fates Warning is an American progressive metal band. They formed in 1982 and are from Hartford, Connecticut. Many people say they are pioneers. Fates Warning gained fame in the 1980s and was ranked as one of the early "flagship bands of progressive metal" along with Queensryche and Dream Theater, who are both credited for creating, developing and making that genre popular.
Fates Warning is not only known for their music, but they are known to have made many changes to their lineup (members). Their original lineup consisted of vocalist John Arch, guitarists Jim Matheos and Victor Arduini, bassist Joe DiBiase, and drummer Steve Zimmerman. From 1982 to 1996 -- and temporarily in 2010 -- Matheos and DiBiase remained as the only original members of the band, with Matheos being the only constant member. Fates Warning now consists of Matheos on guitar, Ray Alder on vocals and Joey Vera on bass. Bobby Jarzombek has been their drummer since 2007, but only plays live with them.
Fates Warning has released a total of ten studio albums. Other than the studio albums, they have released two live albums, one compilation album, one VHS, three DVDs (each of them features live concerts) and four demo tapes. Their two first albums were not very successful. Their next album, Awaken the Guardian, became a mainstream success and peaked at number #191 on the Billboard 200. It became the first album released on their label Metal Blade to enter that chart. Despite the departure of original singer John Arch, Fates Warning's popularity continued to grow with their next three albums, No Exit (1988), Perfect Symmetry (1989) and Parallels (1991); the first two peaked at #111 and #141 on the Billboard 200 respectively. Fates Warning has not released an album since 2004's FWX. They have been working on a new one, which they plan to release in 2012.
Discography
Their full-length studio albums include:
Night on Brocken (1984)
The Spectre Within (1985)
Awaken the Guardian (1986)
No Exit (1988)
Perfect Symmetry (1989)
Parallels (1991)
Inside Out (1994)
A Pleasant Shade of Gray (1997)
Disconnected (2000)
FWX (2004)
Darkness in a Different Light (2013)
Theories of Flight (2016)
Long Day Good Night (2020)
References
American heavy metal bands
Power metal bands
Progressive metal bands
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Hartford, Connecticut
Musical groups established in 1982
1982 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Connecticut
Maejor

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Brandon Michael Green (born 23 July 1988), better known by his stage name Maejor (formerly Bei Maejor and later Maejor Ali) is an American record producer, rapper, singer and songwriter. He is one half of the duo AREA21 alongside Dutch DJ Martin Garrix. Maejor has co-produced and written songs for many artists.
References
Living people
1988 births
African-American singers
American pop singers
American hip hop singers
American record producers
American hip hop musicians
Singers from Michigan
American R&B singers
American electronic musicians
At Play

At Play is a compilation album. It is by the progressive house artist deadmau5. The album consists of several deadmau5 tracks from his earlier releases, as well as collaborations with Melleefresh. The album cover includes the '10 Full Length DJ Friendly Tracks' message. That is typical of the At Play series.
Track listing
References
Amazon.co.uk: At Play
2008 albums
Deadmau5 albums
Prenatal diagnosis

Prenatal testing or Prenatal diagnosis are tests done on pregnant women. They are used to test fetuses for birth defects and some genetic disorders.
Prenatal tests can be non-invasive or invasive. Non-invasive tests include things like utrasounds. In invasive tests, a needle is inserted - for example, to get a sample of fluid from the placenta).
Prenatal tests can check for many conditions, like:
Down syndrome
Spina bifida
Cleft palate
Tay-Sachs disease
Sickle-cell disease
Thalassaemia
Cystic fibrosis
Fragile X syndrome
In some cases, the tests are administered to determine if the parents want to abort the fetus.
In some cases, fetal screening has been done to identify things that are not birth defects. For example, in some parts of the world, if an ultrasound shows that a fetus is female, it is sometimes aborted. The rise of designer babies raises a number of ethical and legal issues.
Obstetrics and gynecology
Dendropsophus luddeckei

Dendropsophus luddeckei is a frog that lives in Colombia. Scientists have seen it between 2000 and 4100 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of South America
Hyoid

The hyoid is a horseshoe-shaped bone in the front of the neck. between the chin and the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple). At rest, it lies at the level of the mandible in the front and the third cervical vertebra behind.
Unlike other bones, the hyoid is not directly connected to other bones. It is connected only to muscles and ligaments. The hyoid aids in tongue movement and swallowing. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind.
Fracture and applied anatomy
Due to its position, the hyoid bone does not fracture easily. In a suspected case of murder, a fractured hyoid strongly indicates throttling or strangulation However, this is not the case in children and adolescents, because their hyoid bone is still flexible as ossification is yet to be completed.
Bones
Neck
Xavier Bosch i Sancho

Xavier Bosch i Sancho (born July 21, 1967 in Barcelona) is a Catalan writer and journalist. Bosch and Antoni Bassas created the program Alguna pregunta mes? at Catalunya Radio. He received an Ondas award for that program. He worked at La Vanguardia, TV3 and RAC 1 in sports. He was the director of the newspaper Avui from 2007 to 2008. In 2010, he founded a newspaper in Catalan, Diari Ara. He wrote a trilogy whose first book (Se sabra tot) received a Sant Jordi Award in 2009. His second and third novels were Homes d'honor (2012) and Euforia. His last novel, Algu com tu (Someone like you, 2015), is winner of the Ramon Llull 2015 award.
Works
Short stories
Jo, el simolses, Barcelona: La Magrana, 1992.
Estimat diari (with Lloll Bertran, Antoni Bassas), Barcelona: La Magrana, 1996.
Vicis domestics, Barcelona: La Magrana, 1998.
Novel
La magia dels reis, Barcelona: Columna - La Galera, 1994.
Se sabra tot, 2009.
Homes d'honor, Barcelona: Proa, 2012.
Euforia, 2014.
Algu com tu, 2014
Teatre
El culekule, Barcelona: La Magrana, 1996
Prizes
Premi Ondas 1997 for the humour program Alguna pregunta mes?
Premi Mundo Deportivo de periodisme 1999, for the program Aquest any, cent!.
Premio Premi APEI-Catalunya (in its sixth edition) for El mon a RAC 1.
Premi Radio Associacio de Catalunya 2007 in the category of the Best Radio Program for El mon a RAC 1.
Premi Sant Jordi for the novel Se sabra tot.
Premi Ramon Llull 2015 for the novel Algu com tu.
References
Other websites
Bosch bio at IMDB
Living people
Writers from Barcelona
1967 births
Spanish journalists
New Centre-Right

New Centre-Right (, NCD) is a political party in Italy.
History
It was created on 15 November 2013 by Angelino Alfano. It split from Silvio Berlusconi's The People of Freedom party.
References
Political parties in Italy
2013 establishments in Europe
2010s establishments in Italy
Magic Sword: Heroic Fantasy

Magic Sword: Heroic Fantasy known in Japan as is a side-scrollling fantasy hack and slash video game developed and published by Capcom. Originally released on Arcade in June 23, 1990, later ports in SNES between 1991 to 1993. The game casts the hero who must fights his way trough a mystical tower, to save the world from madness. The player can use magic, sword, or axe, and player can also rescued/recruit potential allies of various character classes, each of wich has its own special abilities. Three years earlier, Capcom had released the similiar game titled Black Tiger.
Other websites
1990 video games
Arcade games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Irish Wikipedia

The Irish Wikipedia (Irish: Vicipeid na Gaeilge) is the Irish-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in October 2003. As of July 2013, it has over 20,000 articles.
References
Other websites
Irish Wikipedia main page
Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
Descendents

Descendents are an American punk rock band formed in 1977 in Manhattan Beach, California.
References
Other websites
1978 establishments in California
American punk bands
Musical groups established in 1978
Musical groups disestablished in 1983
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Pop punk bands
Joachim Meisner

Joachim Meisner (25 December 1933 - 5 July 2017) was a German Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was born in Breslau, Germany (modern Wroclaw, Poland).
Meisner was the immediate past Archbishop of Cologne, serving from 1989 until his resignation was accepted by Pope Francis in 2014. He previously served as Bishop of Berlin from 1980 to 1989, and was created a cardinal in 1983. He was widely considered to be Germany's leading conservative Roman Catholic figure.
Meisner died on 5 July 2017 while vacationing in Bad Fussing in Bavaria of cardiac arrest, aged 83.
References
1933 births
2017 deaths
German cardinals
Deaths from cardiac arrest
People from former German territories
People from Wroclaw
Roman Catholic archbishops
Alasdair Gray

Alasdair Gray (28 December 1934 - 29 December 2019) was a Scottish writer and artist. His first novel, Lanark, published in 1981, was written over almost 30 years. It was described by The Guardian as "one of the landmarks of 20th-century fiction."
Gray died at a hospital in Glasgow of pneumonia-related problems on 29 December 2019, a day after his 85th birthday.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2019 deaths
British artists
Scottish poets
British playwrights
Writers from Glasgow
Acqueville, Calvados

Acqueville is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Cesny-les-Sources.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Joel Wachs

Joel Wachs (born March 1, 1939) is an American politician. He is the president of the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts in New York City.
He was for thirty years a member of the Los Angeles City Council from 1971 until 2002. He was president of the city council from 1981 until 1983. He was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
Wachs ran for Mayor of Los Angeles in 1999. He is openly gay.
References
1939 births
Living people
Politicians from Los Angeles
Politicians from Scranton, Pennsylvania
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
LGBT politicians
Gay men
LGBT people from Los Angeles
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
Coconut crab

The coconut crab (Birgus latro) is a large edible land crab related to the hermit crab. Coconut crabs are found in the tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Although they are named the Coconut crab, they don't eat coconuts that often. They mainly eat certain fruits and nuts. Coconut crabs can climb trees. Coconut crab meat has been considered a local delicacy. Coconut crabs are extremely high priced in the national food market. They can live up to 120 years.
Description
The coconut crab is the largest terrestrial arthropod, and indeed terrestrial invertebrate, in the world. There are different reports on its size: most sources give a body length up to , a weight up to , and a leg span more than . Males are generally larger than females. The carapace may reach a length of , and a width up to .
Like with other decapots, the body of the coconut crab is divided into a front section (cephalothorax), which has 10 legs, and an abdomen. The front-most pair of legs has large chelae (claws); the left claw is larger than the right. The next two pairs, as with other hermit crabs, are large, powerful walking legs with pointed tips. This allows coconut crabs to climb vertical or overhanging surfaces. The fourth pair of legs is smaller with tweezer-like chelae at the end: young coconut crabs use it to grip the inside of a shell or coconut husk to carry for protection, adults use this pair for walking and climbing. The last pair of legs is very small and is used by females to tend their eggs, and by the males in mating. This last pair of legs is usually held inside the carapace, in the cavity containing the breathing organs. Some difference in color occurs between the animals found on different islands, ranging from orange-red to purplish blue; in most regions, blue is the predominant color, but in some places, including the Seychelles, most individuals are red.
Although B. latro is a derived type of hermit crab, only the juveniles use salvaged snail shells to protect their soft abdomens, and adolescents sometimes use broken coconut shells for that purpose. Unlike other hermit crabs, the adult coconut crabs do not carry shells, but instead harden their abdominal terga by depositing chitin and chalk. Not being constrained by the physical confines of living in a shell allows this species to grow much larger than other hermit crabs in the family Coenobitidae. Like most true crabs, Blatro bends its tail underneath its body for protection. The hardened abdomen protects the coconut crab and reduces water loss on land, but must be shed yearly. Adults moult annually, and dig a burrow up to long in which to hide while vulnerable. It remains in the burrow for 3 to 16 weeks, depending on the size of the animal. After shedding, 1 to 3 weeks are needed for the exoskeleton to harden, depending on the animal's size, during which time the animal's body is soft and vulnerable, and it stays hidden for protection.
References
Crabs
Seafood
Livestock

Livestock are domestic animals that are kept by people. Their uses are for meat, milking, wool, leather, or labor. Taking care of livestock is animal husbandry. Some types of livestock are: cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens. Chickens produce eggs; pigs produce meat; cattle, goats and sheep create milk, and sheep also create wool. Horses, cattle, camels, llamas, water buffalo, and other large animals do work for people, such as pulling wagons and other vehicles.
The breeding, keeping alive, and killing of livestock is called animal husbandry. Animal husbandry have been practiced by humans for a long time. There are different animal husbandry practices used by different cultures. It is an important part of the economy and culture of many countries.
Intensive animal farming, which is sometimes called "factory farming" is mostly used today. 99% of livestock in the US are now raised with intensive animal farming. Intensive animal farming increases the amount of things we can get from the livestock but it has also led to bad effects on animal welfare, the environment, and public health.
Etymology
Livestock as a word was first used between 1650 and 1660. Today, cattle means domesticated bovines, while livestock now means domesticated animals.
History
Animal husbandry started when humans stopped hunting and gathering and settled in farming communities. Animals are domesticated when the way they breed and live are controlled by humans. After a long time, the way they act and the way they look changes. Today, many farm animals cannot live in the wild.
The dog was domesticated in Europe and the Far East from about 15,000 years ago. Goats and sheep were domesticated between 11,000 and 5,000 years ago in Southwest Asia. Pigs were domesticated by 8,500 BC in the Near East and 6,000 BC in China. Domestication of the horse dates to around 4000 BC. Cattle have been domesticated since approximately 10,500 years ago. Chickens and other poultry may have been domesticated around 7000 BC.
Some common livestock
References
Domesticated animals
Pacific Electric Railway

The Pacific Electric Railway Company was a private transportation system in Los Angeles, California. It started when Henry E. Huntington began building and buying streetcar railroads in and around Los Angeles to help people reach his properties.
Most of its lines carried people but there was also some freight. Pacific Electric also owned a mountain tourist attraction called the Mount Lowe Railway.
In the 1920s, with hundreds of miles of track, it was the largest system in the world. While Huntington lost money running Pacific Electric, he made money by selling the land it reached.
After Henry Huntington died and the land was all sold, the system started to break down and there was no money coming in to repair it. The city of Los Angeles decided it would be cheaper to move passengers with buses and close the whole system.
And so the last Pacific Electric train ran in 1961. The tracks were all ripped up and all of the old trains were either destroyed or sold to other countries.
Almost thirty years after the last train, with traffic becoming worse and buses becoming slower, the city remembered the old system. They decided to start rebuilding it because they realized trains do not slow down when there is a traffic jam.
Today, a small part of the old Pacific Electric rail network is now part of the new and growing Los Angeles Metro and people are riding trains again.
Network
The Pacific Electric ran lines from Los Angeles to the following cities:
Pasadena
Glendora
Pomona
Ontario
San Bernardino
Riverside
Whittier
Fullerton
Santa Ana
Huntington Beach
Newport Beach
Long Beach
San Pedro
Redondo Beach
Inglewood
Venice
Santa Monica
Canoga Park
San Fernando
Hollywood
Burbank
Glendale
Rail transport in the United States
Los Angeles
Transport in California
Kurdistan province

Kurdistan Province (, Ostan-e Kurdistan ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is Sanandaj.
References
Other websites
Quino

Joaquin Salvador Lavado Tejon, better known by his pen name Quino (; 17 July 1932 - 30 September 2020), was an Argentine cartoonist. His comic strip Mafalda (which ran from 1964 to 1973) is popular in many parts of the Americas and Europe. He was born in Mendoza, Argentina.
Quino died on 30 September 2020 from a stroke in Mendoza, at the age of 88.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Argentine cartoonists
People from Mendoza
Otis, Massachusetts

Otis is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Villablino

Villablino (Vitsablinu, in Leonese language) is a municipality in the province of Leon, Castile and Leon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has 12,212 people.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Leon
Hema Bharali

Hema Bharali (19 February 1919 - 29 April 2020) was an Indian freedom activist, social worker, Sarvodaya leader and Gandhian. She was born in Assam, India. She was known for her works to the empowerment of women in India. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2005. She was involved with the Padayatra in connection with the Bhoodan movement and was a founder member of the executive council of the Central Social Welfare Board (CSWB).
Bharali died on 29 April 2020 in Assam, aged 101.
References
1919 births
2020 deaths
Indian centenarians
Political activists
Feminists
Indian activists
New Haven, Vermont

New Haven is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Addison County, Vermont
California Love

"California Love" is a hip hop song by American rapper 2Pac. The song also features vocals from Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman. The song was Shakur's first single as an artist for Death Row Records and was also his comeback single after he was released from prison in 1995. A popular remixed version of the song was featured on the UK version of All Eyez on Me. California Love was nominated for a posthumous Grammy Award as a Best Rap Solo Performance and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group (with Dre and Troutman) in 1997.
The song was ranked #355 of the Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and was ranked #51 on VH1's countdown of the 100 Greatest songs of the 90s.
References
1995 songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Tupac Shakur songs
Fremont, Ohio

Fremont is a city in and the county seat of Sandusky County, Ohio, United States. The population was 16,734 at the 2010 census. It was the home of Rutherford B. Hayes, who was President of the United States from 1877 to 1881.
References
Cities in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
Valdilana

Valdilana is a comune in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont region in Italy. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 from the former municipalities of Mosso, Valle Mosso, Soprana and Trivero.
References
2019 establishments in Italy
Settlements in Piedmont
Triangulum Australe

Triangulum Australe is a constellation in the southern sky.
References
Other websites
Constellations
Aldol reaction

The aldol reaction is a very important reaction in organic chemistry. It allows to form new carbon-carbon bonds. It was discovered in 1872.
The reagents are two carbonyl compounds together with a base. A proton is removed from one of them forming a negative charge on the a-carbon (the carbon just next to the C-O double bond). The negative charge can then attack the other carbonyl compound, forming the bond. The product is a b-hydroxy carbonyl compound, a molecule with a C-O double bond and an alcohol two carbon atoms down the chain. This reaction is very powerful because it can form a big molecule from two smaller ones.
Modern ways of doing the aldol reaction also allow to control the stereochemistry of the product. This is a very good way to create new chiral centres.
References
Organic reactions
Pennacook

The Pennacook (or Pawtucket) were a Native American people in North America. They lived along the Merrimack River in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. They spoke an Algonquian language.
When the English colonists arrived, the Pennacook fled north with the Abenaki, or west with other tribes. Those that went west were hunted down and killed by colonists. Those that fled northward eventually merged with other displaced tribes from New England.
Native Americans
Ethnic groups in the United States
Saint Francis of Assisi (opera)

Saint Francois d'Assise is an opera in three acts and eight scenes. The music and libretto were written by Olivier Messiaen. The opera was written from 1975 to 1983. The first performance was given by the Paris Opera at the Palais Garnier on November 28, 1983.
20th-century operas
1983 works
Yacht charter

Yacht chartering is the renting a sailboat or motor yacht for sea traveling. This is a vacation activity, but it can be a corporate event.
There are two main kinds of the charter: bareboat and skippered. Bareboat charters are when a person is renting a boat and skippering it themselves. Skippered charter meaning that boat comes with a skipper but no additional crew.
Crewed charter means that the yacht is rented with a full crew. Usually the crew is based on the specific yacht. A captain, a chef, a decks hand and a hostess are a typical crew. In many destinations the crewed charter is taxed differently from a Skippered charter.
References
Water transport
Tuğçe San

Tugce San (born 24 December 1971, Izmir) is a Turkish singer, musician. She first became known with her song "Neredesin?" ("Where are you?") in 1996.
Albums
Tugce San (1996)
Ha Ha Ha (1997)
Devam Devam (1998)
Hit Songs
"Neredesin?" (1996)
"Gunesten Sicak" (1996)
"Ha Ha Ha" (1997)
"Tempo" (1998)
References
Other websites
turkpopmuzik.net page
1971 births
Living people
Turkish singers
Paul Dini

Paul Dini is an American screenwriter known as the creator of Batman: The Animated Series.
American screenwriters
1957 births
Living people
Het Laatste Nieuws

Het Laatste Nieuws (; in English The Latest News) is a Dutch-language newspaper.It is based in Antwerp, Belgium. It was founded by Julius Hoste Sr. on 7 June 1888. It is now part of DPG Media. The newspaper is the most popular newspaper in Flanders and Belgium.
Profile
The liberal Julius Hoste Sr. founded the newspaper on 7 June 1888 five days before the Belgian elections. With the newspaper he wanted to support the Liberal Party in the elections. He also wanted to support the Flemish movement in Brussels, a city which was dominated by francophone bourgeois (Franskiljons). The newspaper supported the cause of the Gelijkheidswet (E: equality law between French and Flemish in Belgium), the rescue of the Koninklijke Vlaamse Schouwburg (KVS) (E: Royal Flemish Theatre) in Brussels and the election of the first Flemish, liberal, Ghent municipal governing board in 1907.
The newspaper has liberal views. Generally it wants to support the Flemish movement, with a minimal focus on French speaking people. These characteristics were very important in the new daily, just like its anti-clericalism. In 1897, Flor Burton founded the newspaper De Nieuwe Gazet in Antwerp, with a substantially similar editorial policy.
When Julius Hoste Sr. died, his son, Julius Hoste Jr., took over the responsibility. He moderated the confrontational style favored by his father, but changed it to a softer, and more formal tone. He also included more regional news, and expanded the sports section to reach an even wider public.
When World War II broke out, Julius Hoste Jr. fled to the United Kingdom. His newspaper was still published under Nazi control. During this period The Adventures of Tintin was in the newspaper. Stories included Tintin in the Congo, Tintin in America, The Broken Ear, The Shooting Star, and The Secret of the Unicorn.
After the war Julius Hoste Jr. again took control, but the business needed to be rebuilt. He shared day-to-day management with Albert Maertens, who would follow him, after Hoste suddenly died. His heirs wanted to create a foundation, to preserve the newspaper.
Circulation
In the period of 1995-96 Het Laatste Nieuws had a circulation of 303,993 copies. The circulation of the paper was 287,000 copies in 2001. It was 341,257 copies in 2002. In 2003 its circulation was 294,000 copies, making it the best selling newspaper in Belgium.
In 2009 Het Laatste Nieuws had a circulation of 287,162 copies. The approximate circulation of the paper was 370,000 copies in 2010.
Notable journalists
Piet Van Brabant (1932-2006)
References
Other websites
Newspapers in the class room
Belgian newspapers
Palato-alveolar ejective fricative

The palato-alveolar ejective fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom

Princess Elizabeth (22 May 1770 - 10 January 1840) was the 7th child of George III and Queen Charlotte. She married Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, in 1818. She had no children. She died at age 69. There were plans for her to marry the future Louis Philippe I, but the marriage never took place as he was a Catholic and her father had a deep dislike of Catholic people.
Ancestors
1770 births
1840 deaths
British princesses
Southland Region

Southland () is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand. It is on the South Island. Its largest city is Invercargill.
It is the southernmost region of New Zealand.
References
Regions of New Zealand
Camp Funston

Camp Funston was a U.S. Army training camp during World War I located on Fort Riley, southwest of Manhattan, Kansas. American soldiers were there in France in the spring of 1918. Camp Funston was the largest of the 16 camps. The camp was to help soldiers for the military. The money the camp got was $10 million. The camp was . There was space for the commander (officer) to rest. The ground was divided into 4 blocks each by . The camp could fit 2,000 people in it. There were 3 theaters, a large pool, a barbershop, restaurants, clothing stores, and an arcade (a place with lots of stores on one side). The west division of the camp was where the troops stayed from Kansas, Missouri, and Colorado.
One of the people in charge of the camp was Leonard Wood. He trained all of the troops. Each of the malls, stores, and restaurants paid money back to the camp to help the camp have money.
In March 1918, a sickness called the Spanish flu went to just about everyone in the camp.
References
United States Army
World War I
Ortillon

Ortillon is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
References
Communes in Aube
Unity of Heaven and humanity

Unity of Heaven and humanity is an old philosophical concept in China that can be found in various Chinese religions and philosophies. The main idea is that things like human ethics, physiology, and politics reflect Tian, which means "heaven" or "nature".
History
The concept of unity of heaven and humanity has its roots in ancient Chinese religion, where people believed in spirits and experienced trances. This early shamanistic experience can still be observed in present-day Chinese folk religion. The idea was first mentioned in the Spring and Autumn Warring States period and was further developed in Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism.
Confucianism
Dong Zhongshu referenced the concept as "heaven and mankind induction" during the Han Dynasty, while the Cheng-Zhu school of Neo-Confucianism believed it was based on the theory of the Divine Principle.
Daoism
In Daoism, the concept of Tian or "Heaven" is viewed as nature, and humans are considered to be a part of nature. The saying goes, "If there is man, there is also heaven; if there is heaven, there is also man." This belief reflects the idea that heaven and earth are interconnected and all things in the world are unified. As the philosopher Zhuangzi stated, "Heaven and earth were born with me, and all things are one with me."
Chinese medicine
The Huangdi Neijing is a traditional Chinese medicine text that supports the idea of the unity of Heaven and humanity. According to the text, humans are connected to nature and should be in harmony with the four seasons. The text emphasizes that humans participate in and are one with heaven and earth. It states that humans have a unified origin, properties, structure, and laws with heaven, which is considered an objective existence independent of human spiritual consciousness. The text also suggests that humans have spiritual consciousness and are a subject with it.
Outside Chinese thought
The concept of "unity of God and humanity" in the Western world is similar to the Chinese idea of "unity of Heaven and humanity," but there are some differences. In ancient Greece, only a sorcerer with special powers could achieve the "unity of God and humanity." In Christianity, anyone who confesses their sins and accepts Jesus Christ as God's only Son can become a child of God and enter eternal life. The Islamic view emphasizes that believers should observe "good works."
In Indian culture, the central theme of the Upanishads, which are great classic texts, is the unity of Brahman (Moksha). This principle is practiced by profound yogis and is similar to the Chinese idea of the unity of heaven and humanity.
Other pages
Unity of knowledge and action
Unity of religion and rule
Pavilion of Harmony
Microcosm-macrocosm analogy
Sources
Taoism
Religion in China
Religious Confucianism
Articles containing Chinese-language text
José Solé

Jose Sole (July 28, 1929 - February 15, 2017) was a Mexican stage actor, movie director, set design, and theater director.
His career extended over 60 years. He worked to promote theater in Mexico, which did not have governmental support that the other arts did after the Mexican Revolution. He performed in and directed many plays, as well as directing theaters and even the theatrical division of the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (National Institute of Fine Arts).
He received recognition for both acting and directing early in his career, but major awards such as Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes (National Prize for Arts and Sciences) in the 2000s.
References
1929 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Mexican stage actors
Mexican movie directors
High Wood

High Wood () is a small forest near Bazentin le Petit in the Somme departement of northern France. The Battle of the Somme took place there. The French name for the wood was Bois des Foureaux (now called Bois des Fourcaux) but to the British who fought there, it was known as High Wood.
Forests of France
Somme
Windsor, Virginia

Windsor, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
Kaya Scodelario

Kaya Rose Scodelario (born Kaya Rose Humphrey; born 13 March 1992) is an English actress and former model. She plays Teresa in The Maze Runner in 2014. She also played Peshet in the 2010 movie Clash of the Titans.
Scodelario was born in London. She changed her surname to that of her Brazilian mother.
References
Other websites
Actors from London
English movie actors
English television actors
Models from London
1992 births
Living people
People with dyslexia
Historic counties of Wales

The thirteen historic counties of Wales have been used for many purposes for hundreds of years. Today, the counties are different, and there are now 22 principal areas instead. Some of the names of the old counties are used in the principal areas. The historic counties can also be called "ancient counties".
List
References
Counties of Wales
Neil Diamond

Neil Leslie Diamond (born 24 January, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. He wrote songs for Sonny and Cher, the Ronettes, Jay and the Americans and the Monkees. He began singing his own songs in 1966. From 1966 to 1968 he had written 14 hit songs and sold more than 12 million records. For a while he was the most highly paid performer in the world.
His first recording was "Solitary Man" in 1966. He recorded the album Brother Love's Travelling Salvation Show which included the song "Sweet Caroline". This song reached number 3 on the US charts and sold more than a million copies.
Diamond is Jewish.
In January 2018, Diamond was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.
References
Country musicians from New York (state)
American folk musicians
American pop musicians
American rock musicians
People with Parkinson's disease
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Folk singers
Jewish American musicians
Kennedy Center honorees
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
1945 births
Living people
Mary Lake

Mary Lake (born 16 September 1998) is an American volleyball player. She was a member of the United States women's national volleyball team.
Life
She played at the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League.
She played for Brigham Young University's women's volleyball team.
References
1998 births
Living people
American volleyball players
Gandhi (band)

Gandhi is a rock band from Costa Rica. They play music using distorted guitars and rhythm. The band members are Abel Guier (bassist), Massimo Hernandez (drummer), Federico Miranda (guitarist) and Luis Montalbert-Smith (singer and pianist). The lyrics of Gandhi songs are written mainly by Montalbert-Smith. Some of the bands that influenced their songs are Pink Floyd, The Beatles, Queen and Soda Stereo.
Montalbert-Smith is a very important part of the band's performances because of his charisma and stage presence. These characteristics makes the shows very interesting and full of adrenaline for their fans.
The band began when Miranda and Montalbert-Smith met in high school in the mid 1990s. The complete group of four members started playing at universities and local bars. One of the things that made their shows so well liked was the many different types of art offered. The fans could not only listen to the music, but also see very good scenery design, body painting and their performance.
The band won the Costa Rican award "Album of the Year" in 2004 for the album Ciclos. The album "Paginas Perdidas" got three local awards in 2000. They have played in Costa Rica but also in Central America, Mexico and the United States.
The band was chosen to be part of the Tribute to Soda Stereo (Tributo a Soda Stereo). They played a version of "En el setimo dia" ("In the Seventh Day"). They have opened concerts for many international artists.
Albums
1997: En el jardin del corazon (In the Garden of the Heart)
2000: Paginas perdidas (Lost Pages)
2002: BIOS
2004: Ciclos (Cycles)
2006: Un ciclo mas (One Cycle More) - double DVD
2009: Arigato NO!
Music videos
They have some videos of their songs:
Other websites
Official site
Rock bands
San Jose, Costa Rica
Musical groups established in 1993
1993 establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in Costa Rica
Hooglede

Hooglede is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 9867 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 58 North, 03deg 04 East.
References
Municipalities of West Flanders
Huelva

Huelva is a city in Andalusia, Spain and the capital of the province of Huelva. According to the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE), 149,310 people live in Huelva. Huelva is the center of a metropolitan area that has 490,000 inhabitants. It is majority Muslim with a significant Catholic minority.
Cities in Andalusia
Capital cities in Spain
Municipalities in Andalusia
Mehbooba Mufti

Mehbooba Mufti (born 22 May 1959) is an Indian politician who served as the last Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir as a State, from 4 April 2016 to 19 June 2018. She was the first woman Chief minister of the state.
References
1959 births
Living people
Politicians from Jammu and Kashmir
Hachinohe

is a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan.
Hachinohe means "the 8th area" in north of Tohoku region from the Middle Ages era. There was "the places of 8th" for making horses for a war in Hachinohe.
Hachinohe has a famous industrial area, and has a bigger fishing port more than most of other cities.
There is a Tohoku Shinkansen station and the Tohoku Expressway in Hachinohe.
The main industries in Hachinohe are manufacturing and services. Most of people in Hacnihohe work in manufacturing. In Hachinohe, the fishing industry is famous. Hachinohe brings in the most squid and saba in Japan.
Geography
Two rivers run through Hachinohe. One is the Mabechi River, which runs from the south to the east, and flows into the Pacific Ocean. The other is the Nida River, which runs from the south to the north.
Surrounding municipalities
Aomori Prefecture
Gonohe
Hashikami
Nanbu
Oirase
Iwate Prefecture
Karumai
Demography
According to Japanese census data,
References
Other websites
Official website
Cities in Japan
Settlements in Aomori Prefecture
48 Hours (TV series)

48 Hours is an American documentary/news magazine television show broadcast on the CBS network since January 19, 1988 in the United States. The show airs on Saturdays at 10:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific Time. The show was all about crime documentaries. It showed events within a 48-hour time span.
References
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
Paris-Roubaix

Paris-Roubaix is a famous single-day professional bicycle road race held in northern France starting in Compiegne and finishing in Roubaix, near the Belgian frontier. It was one of the ten UCI Road World Cup races and became part of the UCI ProTour. It is one of the 'Classic cycle races' has the nickname The Hell of the North .
History
Paris-Roubaix is one of the oldest professional bicycle races. Theo Vienne and Maurice Perez got the idea to run the race and in 1896, the sports newspaper Le Velo worked out original route between Paris and Roubaix. The race has been contested every year since 1896, stopped only by the two World wars.
The first edition of the race was held at Easter, April 19 1896, so it got the nickname of La Pascale(English: The Easter).
188 competitors left the Bois de Boulogne park in Paris and raced almost 300 kilometres to Roubaix. Josef Fischer, the winner of this first edition, received 1000 francs.
The race is now organised by the media group Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO) who also run the Tour de France.
Riders are often covered from head to toe in mud and grit, and race over the cobblestoned roads and hard rutted tracks of northern France. However, the race got the nickname l'enfer du Nord, or the Hell of the North from journalists who watched the race after world war I, and saw it pass through many of the ruins, craters, and destruction along the way.
Originally, the race was from Paris to Roubaix, but in 1966 the starting location was moved to Chantilly, 50 kilometres to the north of Paris, to be moved in 1977 to Compiegne, approximately 80 kilometres to the north of Paris. Famous for rough terrain, the route of Paris-Roubaix is adjusted slightly from year to year as the older roads are resurfaced and the race organisers seek to replace them with other challenging cobbles, to maintain the character of the race - in 2005, for example, the race included 54.7 kilometres of cobbled sections. The race finishes with 750 meters on the smooth concrete expanses of the large outdoor velodrome in Roubaix.
The bicycles of Paris-Roubaix
Due to its challenging course, and poor weather conditions, Paris-Roubaix presents a challenge to riders, team support personnel, and equipment alike. Special frames and wheels are often used specifically for Paris-Roubaix, in various configurations depending on the weather conditions.
References
Further reading
Philippe Bouvet (with Pierre Callewaert, Jean-Luc Gatellier, Laget Serge): Paris-Roubaix: A Journey Through Hell VeloPress, . The inside story of the race, its great riders, its traditions, and its secrets
Winners
References
Cycle racing in France
History of Paris
Roubaix
Mouchamps

Mouchamps is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Communes in Vendee