pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ophidiophobia

Ophidiophobia or ophiophobia is the abnormal fear of snakes. It is sometimes called herpetophobia, which is a fear of reptiles or amphibians. The word comes from the Greek words "ophis" () meaning snake, and "phobia" () meaning fear.
This is a phobia, so it does not include people who do not like snakes or fear them for their venom. A person with ophidiophobia (called an ophidiophobe) not only fears them when in live contact, but is scared to think about them or even see them in video or still pictures.
About a third of adult humans are ophidiophobic, making this the most common reported phobia. Scientists think that mammals may have an innate fear of snakes. This was vital for their survival as it allowed such dangerous threats to be identified immediately.
References
Snakes
Phobias
Beuningen

Beuningen () is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. It is near the city of Nijmegen. The river Waal is to the north. The other towns in the municipality are: Ewijk, Weurt, and Winssen.
There is a restored windmill in the town, De Haag.
Municipalities of Gelderland
Settlements in Gelderland
St Nicholas Day

Saint Nicholas Day is the feast day of Saint Nicholas. It is on December 6 (December 19 in most Orthodox countries). It is a festival for children in many countries around Europe related to surviving legends of Saint Nicholas. The American Santa Claus, as well as the British Father Christmas, are based on these legends. "Santa Claus" is based in part from the Dutch Sinterklaas.
Saint Nicholas in different countries travels with different people. He may travel with Angels, Krampus, and others.
Christian holidays
Huo Qubing

Huo Qubing (; 140 BC - 117 BC) was a Chinese general of the Han Dynasty under Emperor Wu. He was very good at shooting with his bow on a horse. When he was 18, he was ordered to attack the Xiongnu with 800 cavalry. Finally, his troops killed about 2,000 enemies and kidnapped the imperial officials.
In the spring of 121 BC, Emperor Wu ordered Huo Qubing to invade the Xiongnu with 10,000 cavalry. He occupied 5 cities within 6 days and finally killed 8,000 enemies. In order to fairly eliminate the main force of the Xiongnu, Huo Qubing and Wei Qing led 100,000 cavalry and fought with their enemies in the desert in the spring of 119 BC. Huo Qubing died in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), the capital of the Han Dynasty, when he was 24.
140 BC births
117 BC deaths
Han Dynasty generals
Den Burg

Den Burg is a village in the municipality of (the island of) Texel. As of 2020, about 7,500 people were living here.
Den Burg is the main town of Texel.
References
Plaatsengids
Settlements in North Holland
Texel
Caribert of Laon

Caribert of Laon, son of Martin of Laon, was the grandfather of Charlemagne. He was the father of Charles's mother, Bertrada of Laon. In 721, he signed, with his mother Bertrada of Prum, the foundation act of the Abbey of Prum. The same year, also with his mother, he made a donation to the Abbey of Echternach. In 744, his daughter Bertrada of Laon (by Bertrada of Cologne) married Pepin the Short, mayor of the palace of Neustria and Burgundy and later king of the Franks. He died before 762.
French nobility
7th-century births
760s deaths
Calamari

Calamari is squid that is prepared to be eaten. It can be prepared in several ways. Most common is deep frying or sauteing after coating the rings with batter. If deep fried, it is done for less than two minutes to prevent toughness. It is usually served with a dip, mayonnaise or something similar. Calamari is a standard dish in Italian restaurants, served as a starter.
Appetizers
Seafood
Crofton, Kentucky

Crofton is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Christian County, Kentucky
Brighton, Michigan

Brighton is a suburb in Metro Detroit in the southeast portion of Livingston County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 7,446.
Schools
Brighton 2 middle schools-Scranton and Maltby. It also has a high school, and a number of elementary schools.
References
Cities in Michigan
Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII

Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII is a third-person shooter roleplaying video game. It is a sequel to Final Fantasy VII.
Story
Three years after the what happened in Final Fantasy VII, a group of powerful SOLDIERs that nobody had seen before appear, stopping the peace enjoyed by the people of world. The members of this mysterious group are the ones who were trapped under the ruins of Midgar for three years- the Deepground SOLDIERs. The Deepground SOLDIERs want to call forth the final WEAPON, Omega, before it is supposed to be. But to do that, the DGS need Vincent Valentine to lead the way to Omega.
Vincent Valentine is chased by many members of the mysterious group. An chain of events leads Vincent to the truth about his past and forces him to be the leader again in a battle for the planet itself and all those living in it.
Reeve Tuesti, who used to be the Head of Urban Development at Shinra (and the remote controller of Cait Sith), is now the leader of the World Regenesis Organization, which looks after the planet and stops people from hurting it any more. Yuffie Kisaragi is another member of the organization, and several other characters from the original game provide the World Regenesis Organization with more help.
The game begins with a Full Motion Video showing the attack on the town of Kalm by Deepground soldiers. Vincent stops the attack, but encounters Azul and Shelke. Azul and Shelke are members of the Tsviets, Deepground's elite force of supersoldiers.
Shooter video games
2006 video games
Final Fantasy games
Dangerous (Kardinal Offishall song)

Dangerous is a 2008 R&B song by Kardinal Offishall and featured R&B singer Akon. The song was released March 2008 on the radio and April 1, 2008 on iTunes. The song is from Kardinal Offishall's 2008 album, Not 4 Sale.
The song won Single of the Year at the 2009 Juno Awards and was certified 3x Platinum by the CRIA.
2008 songs
Akon songs
Bank of Slovenia

The Bank of Slovenia () is the bank of issue and the central bank of the Slovenia. It is based in Ljubljana and was founded on 25 June 1991.
Other websites
Bank of Slovenia official website
1991 establishments in Slovenia
Banks of Europe
Ljubljana
Organizations based in Slovenia
Tenor

A tenor is a man with a high singing voice. When writing four-part choir music the tenor line will be the third line down, between alto and bass. It is usually written in the treble clef, but will sound an octave lower than written. Sometimes, it is written in the "C-clef", which is also called a tenor clef.
In opera the role of the young male is usually sung by a tenor. Depending on characteristics such as: volume, color and style, the tenor voice is classified in following groups:
The light tenor. This is also called tenor leggero. An example is Peter Pears, who sang the tenor solos in Benjamin Britten's operas.
The lyric tenor. The lyric tenor is a tenor with a well timbered voice, such as "The Three Tenors" (Luciano Pavarotti, Jose Carreras and Placido Domingo).
The spinto tenor. They have special abilities in the high tones, such as Franco Corelli and Enrico Caruso.
The dramatic tenor. They have a high volume and a dark voice. An example is Mario Del Monaco.
A "Heldentenor" (German for "hero tenor") is someone with a big tenor voice. This is suitable for heroic parts like the heroes in most of Wagner's operas. Lauritz Melchior, Max Lorenz and Jonas Kaufmann are famous heroic tenors.
The Mozart tenor with characteristics including all of the previous mentioned must be able to perform within the strict borders which are laid out by the Mozart style. Anton Dermota, Fritz Wunderlich and Francisco Araiza are the three leading people as Mozart tenor.
In barbershop singing, the tenor part is a harmony part sung predominantly higher than the melody.
Vocal ranges
Crosby, Minnesota

Crosby is a city in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Rubén Blades

Ruben Blades Bellido de Luna (born July 16, 1948) is a Panamanian singer-songwriter, actor, musician, activist and politician. He performs most often in the Afro-Cuban, salsa and Latin jazz genres.
Blades has won eight Grammy Awards and five Latin Grammy Awards.
Blades' acting career began in 1982. It has continued with several-year breaks in between. His first acting role was The Last Fight. Other movies include Crossover Dreams (1985), The Milagro Beanfield War (1988) and Color of Night (1994).
Blades was given the Harry Chapin Humanitarian Award by ASCAP and WhyHunger in June 2011.
Blades' album Tangos'' won a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album in 2015.
Blades was born in Panama City, Panama.
References
Television actors
Movie actors
Latin singers
Grammy Award winners
People from Panama City
1948 births
Living people
Panamanian singers
Akiyoshi Yoshida

is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|1994||0||0||||||0||0||0||0
5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|}
References
1966 births
Living people
Footballers from Nagasaki Prefecture
WWE 2K19

WWE 2K19 is a professional wrestling video game based on WWE 2K. It was released on October 5, 2018.
2018 video games
Max Delbrück

Max Ludwig Henning Delbruck (September 4, 1906 - March 9, 1981) was a German-American biophysicist and Nobel laureate.
Delbruck was one of the most influential people in the movement of physical scientists into biology during the 20th century.
Delbruck's big idea was to explore genetics by means of the bacteriophage viruses which infect bacteria. This was important in the early development of molecular biology.
Biography
Delbruck was born in Berlin, German Empire. Trained as a physicist, he got his Ph.D. in 1930. he traveled through England, Denmark, and Switzerland. He met Wolfgang Pauli and Niels Bohr, who got him interested in biology.
In 1937, he moved to the United States to pursue his interests in biology, taking up research in the Biology Division at Caltech on genetics of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. While at Caltech Delbruck became acquainted with bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophage or 'phage').
Delbruck remained in the US during World War II, teaching physics at Vanderbilt University in Nashville while pursuing his genetic research. In 1942, he and Salvador Luria of Indiana University demonstrated that bacterial resistance to virus infection is caused by random mutation and not adaptive change. This research, known as the Luria-Delbruck experiment, was also significant for its use of mathematics to make quantitative predictions for the results to be expected from alternative models. For that work, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1969, sharing it with Alfred Hershey.
During the 1940s Delbruck developed a course in bacteriophage genetics at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory to encourage interest in the field. In 1947, Delbruck returned to Caltech as a professor of biology where he remained until 1977.
References
1906 births
1981 deaths
American molecular biologists
American Nobel Prize winners
American biophysicists
California Institute of Technology faculty
German biologists
German Nobel Prize winners
German physicists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scientists from Berlin
Educators from California
Scientists from California
Altaf Fatima

Altaf Fatima (; 10 June 1927 - 29 November 2018) was a Pakistani Urdu novelist, short story writer, and teacher (specializing in Muhammad Iqbal). Altaf Fatima was born in Lucknow. She moved to Lahore during the Partition, earning MA and BEd from the University of Punjab. Her novel Dastak Na Do ("Do not Knock") is seen as one of the defining works in the Urdu language. An adaptation was shown on Pakistani television. In 2018, Fatima was given the KLF Urdu Literature award at the 9th Karachi Literature Festival for her book, Deed Wadeed. She died on 29 November 2018.
Works
Novels
Nishaan-i-Mehfil (1975)
Dastak Naa Do (1964) (The One Who Did Not Ask (Novel) English translation published by Heinemann in 1994)
Chalta Musafir (1981)
Khwabgar (2008)
Collection of short stories
Woh Jissay chaha gaya(1969)
Jab Deewarein Girya Karti Hain (1988)
Taar-i-Ankaboot (1990)
Deed Wadeed (2017)
Gawahi Akhir e Shab Ki (2018)
Translations
Naghmay ka Qatal (Urdu Translation of Harper Lee's novel To Kill a Mockingbird)
Mere Bachay Meri Daulat (Urdu Translation of My Children, My Gold by Debbie Taylor)
Barrey Aadmi, Aur Unke Nazariyat. A collection of political essays
Moti. Urdu Translation of The Pearl by John Steinbeck
Sach Kahaniyan (2000) (Urdu translation of Truth Tales i.e. Gujrati, Marathi, Tamil and Hindi Short Stories)
Zaitoon ke Jhund (2016) (Urdu translation of Santa Claus in Baghdad by Elsa Marston)
Japani Afsana Nigar Khawateen (1994) (Urdu translation of collection of Japanese short stories )
Haveli ke Ander. (Urdu translation of Inside the Haveli by Rama Mehta)
Urdu translation of collection of South American short stories
Tanqeed
Urdu Adab Mein Fann e Sawaneh Nigari ka Irtiqa (1961)
General
Rozmarra Aadaab (1963)
References
1927 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Pakistani novelists
Marco's Pizza

Marco's Pizza, operated under Marco's Franchising, is an American restaurant chain and interstate franchise. It is based in Toledo, Ohio. It does Italian-American cuisine.
As of mid-2017, there are more than 800 franchised Marco's Pizza eateries in 34 U.S. states, India and Puerto Rico.
In 2016 Marco's Pizza was ranked number ten under the Pizza Today list of the Top 100 Pizza Companies of the United States.
The company was founded in 1978 in Oregon, Ohio, which is a suburb of Toledo.
References
American restaurants
1978 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Ohio
HCA Healthcare

HCA Healthcare is an American healthcare business started in 1968. It is based in Nashville, Tennessee.
It runs 186 hospitals and about 2,000 other services. They are mostly in the US. It is the biggest private health business in the United Kingdom where it has 30 services. It is opening a big new private hospital in Birmingham in 2023.
56 of the hospitals in the USA are teaching hospitals. It does a lot of education for doctors and nurses in the US.
References
Healthcare companies of the United States
Kurt Browning

Kurt Browning (born June 18, 1966 in Rocky Mountain House, Alberta) is a Canadian figure skater. He won four world championships and four Canadian championships.
Browning did the first ever quadruple jump (four turns) in competition. He is well known for his footwork. As a professional, he has skated for Stars on Ice and Tom Collins Tour of Champions, won several professional championships, and did some T.V. skating specials. He has also talked during skating events on T.V. He has helped the charity Muscular Dystrophy.
Browning was raised in Caroline, Alberta. He married a dancer with the National Ballet of Canada, Sonia Rodriguez, in 1996. They have a son Gabriel, born in 2003.
Amateur Competitions
World Championships: came first in 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1993
Winter Olympics: 1988 - 8th, 1992 - 6th, 1994 - 5th
Canadian Championships: came first in 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1993
1966 births
Living people
Canadian figure skaters
Aitziber Porras

Aitziber Porras Conde (born 9 May 1978 Vitoria) is a Spanish rugby player. She is a member of the Spanish Women's Rugby team with 39 international caps. She played for Gaztedi Rugby Taldea.
She participated at the 2003 Women's Six Nations Championship, 2004 Women's Six Nations Championship, 2005 Women's Six Nations Championship, 2006 Women's Six Nations Championship, 2002 Women's Rugby World Cup, and 2006 Women's Rugby World Cup.
She participated at the 2009 FIRA Women's European Trophy.
References
1978 births
Living people
Spanish rugby union players
Edgardo Andrada

Edgardo Norberto Andrada, better known as Edgardo Andrada, or simply Andrada (January 2, 1939 - September 4, 2019) was an Argentine professional footballer. He played as a goalkeeper for several top level Argentine and Brazilian clubs. He played for the Rosario Central, Vasco and the national team. Andrada was born in Rosario, Santa Fe province.
Andrada died on September 4, 2019 in Rosario at the age of 80.
References
1939 births
2019 deaths
Argentine footballers
People from Rosario, Argentina
Steve Forbes

Malcolm Stevenson "Steve" Forbes Jr. (; born July 18, 1947) is an American publishing executive. He ran for the nomination of the Republican Party for President of the United States two times. Forbes is the Editor-in-Chief of Forbes. He ran in the 1996 and 2000 Presidential primaries.
References
1947 births
Living people
1996 United States presidential candidates
2000 United States presidential candidates
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Politicians from New Jersey
Republican Party (United States) politicians
London Eye

The London Eye is a large metal Ferris wheel. It is also known as the Millennium Wheel and is one of the largest observation wheels in the world. Since mid-January 2015 it has been known in branding as the Coca-Cola London Eye, after an agreement signed in September 2014. The London Eye is at the western end of Jubilee Garden, on the South Bank of the river Thames, between Westminster Bridge and Hungerford Bridge.
The Eye was opened in 2000. It is high. At the time it was built, in 1999, it was the tallest giant wheel in the world, and at present it is Europe's tallest Ferris wheel. It offered the highest public viewing point in London. The observation deck on the 72nd floor of The Shard is now the highest public view of London.
It is the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom: there are over 2.2 million visitors annually, and the Eye has made many appearances in popular culture.
The London Eye was overtaken in height by the Star of Nanchang, which is high. On 11 February 2008, the Singapore Flyer overtook the Star of Nanchang with . In 2018-19 a plan for a taller observation wheel named the Whey Aye was proposed for Newcastle upon Tyne.
References
Other websites
Official web site
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Lambeth
Ferris wheels
Dan Rather

Daniel Irvin Rather, Jr. (born October 31, 1931 in Wharton, Texas) is an American journalist and reporter. He worked with the CBS network until 2006. Controversy over documents Rather reported on that he claimed indicated President George W. Bush avoided military service during Vietnam caused him to leave CBS Evening News in 2005, his last broadcast on that program was March 9, 2005 and the whole network altogether two years later. He is now reporting for HDNet.
Awards
He has received many Emmy Awards, several Peabody Awards, and various honorary degrees from universities.
References
1931 births
Living people
American television news anchors
Journalists from Texas
American war correspondents
Peabody Award winners
Television personalities from Texas
Emmy Award winners
Geotechnical investigation

A geotechnical investigation is a process to analyze and measure the quality of the rock and soil at the site where people plan to build any construction work. By knowing the soil and rock property below the planned construction site, the exact foundation material for the construction building can be properly designed to match with the character of the soil below it so that the building can stand strongly above the examined soil.
Geology
Lakhdar Brahimi

Lakhdar Brahimi (Algerian pronunciation: ; ; born 1 January 1934) is an Algerian diplomat and politician. He is the United Nations envoy and advisor. Since August 2012, he was the United Nations and Arab League Special Envoy to Syria.
References
Other websites
1934 births
Living people
Algerian politicians
African diplomats
Julio Londoño Paredes

Julio Londono Paredes (born 10 July 1938) is a retired Colombian Army Lieutenant Colonel, writer and politician. He was born in Bogota, Colombia. He has worked under the administrations of six presidents from 1983 to 2010: Belisario Betancur, Virgilio Barco Vargas, Cesar Gaviria, Ernesto Samper, Andres Pastrana Arango and Alvaro Uribe.
Londono Paredes was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1986 to 1990. He also was the Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States from 1990 to 1994 and to the United Nations from 1994 to 1998. Londono Paredes also was an Ambassador to Panama from 1983 to 1986 and to Cuba from 1998 until 2010.
References
1938 births
Living people
Colonels
Ambassadors to the United Nations
Politicians from Bogota
Writers from Bogota
Ambassadors of Colombia
Fordtown, Tennessee

Fordtown is an unincorporated community in Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States, The community's name was adopted due to the number of people with the last name Ford, who lived in the area. It is accessed by the road named after it, Fordtown Road.
References
Unincorporated communities in Tennessee
Tri-Cities, Tennessee
Sullivan County, Tennessee
The City of Her Dreams

The City of Her Dreams is a 1910 American silent drama movie. It stars G.W. Abbe, Justus D. Barnes, Frank H. Crane, Irene Crane, and Marie Eline.
References
American movies
1910 movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Modti Inc.

Modti Inc. is a technology company based in Joensuu, Finland, that designs, develops, and sells its shape programmable hardware technology. Its main product is Segment, used in emerging flexible technologies.
Modti was established on August 13, 2013, to develop shape programmable hardware technology. Its first name was MottiFilm Inc. Among its partners are Joensuu Business Incubator, Karelia University of Applied Sciences, Startup Sauna, etc.
References
Organizations based in Finland
Patricia Brake

Patricia Ann Brake (25 June 1942 - 28 May 2022) was an English actress. Brake played Ingrid Fletcher in the BBC sitcom Porridge, and its sequel Going Straight. In 2015, she guest-starred in the BBC ongoing drama Casualty and in Midsomer Murders for ITV.
Brake died from cancer on 28 May 2022, at the age of 79.
References
1942 births
2022 deaths
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Actors from Somerset
People from Bath, Somerset
Cancer deaths in the United Kingdom
Henrik Jørgensen

Henrik Hove Jorgensen (10 October 1961 - 26 January 2019) was a Danish marathon runner. He won the London Marathon in 1988. He finished 5th in 1985 in 2:09.43 hours. This time remains the Danish national record. He was born in Copenhagen.
Jorgensen represented his native country in the men's marathon at the 1984 and the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. He was a two-time national champion in the men's 5000 m.
Jorgensen died in Bornholm on 26 January 2019 aged 57, from heart attack during a training run.
References
1961 births
2019 deaths
Long-distance runners
Danish Olympians
Sportspeople from Copenhagen
Neckarsulm

Neckarsulm is a city in the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg. It is part of the district of Heilbronn.
Neckarsulm has about 26,400 inhabitants and is near Stuttgart.
Schwarz Group, which operates the grocery retailers Lidl and Kaufland, is headquartered in Neckarsulm.
References
Other websites
Cities in Baden-Wurttemberg
David Mazouz

David Mazouz (born February 2 ,2001) is an American actor. He is known for playing the role of Bruce Wayne in the television series Gotham.
References
Actors from Los Angeles
2001 births
Living people
Patricia Healey

Patricia Healey (1 January 1936, Dorset - 4 February 2021, London) was a British singer and actress.
Biography
She appeared in the UK films The White Bus (1964), Wuthering Heights (1968) and in the R3 television show between 1963 and 1964. Her last appearance was in the 1994 television mini-series Middlemarch.
She was married to singer Engelbert Humperdinck.
Healey, who had Alzheimer's disease, died on 4 February 2021 at 85, due to complications from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in England.
References
Other websites
British singers
British actors
1936 births
2021 deaths
People with Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
1989 Formula One World Championship

The 1989 Formula One season was the 40th of the championship. The champion was Alain Prost in a close battle.
Season review
1989 Drivers Championship final standings
References
Formula One seasons
1989 in sports
Zagarolo

Zagarolo is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Lazio region in Italy. It has about 18,000 inhabitants.
Twin towns
Zagarolo is twinned with:
Nelahozeves, Czech Republic
Six-Fours-les-Plages, France
Settlements in Lazio
Drummond, Oklahoma

Drummond is a town of Oklahoma in the United States.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Wavrechain-sous-Faulx

Wavrechain-sous-Faulx is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018 399 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Carla Bruni

Carla Bruni, now known by her name of use Carla Bruni-Sarkozy (born Carla Gilberta Bruni Tedeschi; 23 December 1967 in Turin, Italy) is an Italian-French singer, songwriter and former model. From 2008 to 2012, Bruni was the First Lady of France.
She married then President of the French Republic Nicolas Sarkozy in February 2008. They have one child.
References
Other websites
Carla Bruni: from catwalk to Elysee - Expatica, 11 February 2008
1967 births
Living people
First Ladies of France
French models
French singers
Italian singer-songwriters
People from Turin
Conway, South Carolina

Conway is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 17,103 at the 2010 census, and had an estimated population of 22,761 in 2016. It is the county seat of Horry County It is the home of Coastal Carolina University.
References
Other websites
City of Conway official website
Cities in South Carolina
County seats in South Carolina
Coaña

Coana () is a municipality in Asturias, Spain.
References
Municipalities in Asturias
2021 Kunduz mosque bombing

On 8 October 2021, a suicide bombing happened at the Shia Gozar-e-Sayed Abad Mosque in the Afghan city of Kunduz. Over 100 people were killed and another 100 injured. The official death toll provided to Agence France Presse was 46, and 143 injured.
The attack is the deadliest in Afghanistan since U.S. troops left in August. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack.
On 15 October 2021, an IS-KP suicide bomber killed 65 people at a Shia mosque in Kandahar.
Related pages
Cabinet of prime minister Akhund
References
2021 disasters in Afghanistan
2020s building bombings
2020s explosions in Asia
2020s murders in Asia
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2021
Attacks on mosques
Attacks on religious buildings and structures in Asia
Massacres in Afghanistan
Explosions in 2021
Explosions in Afghanistan
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in Asia
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2020s
2021 mosque bombing
Mass murder in 2021
2021 massacres in Asia
October 2021 events
Suicide bombings in Asia
Suicide bombings in the 2020s
Suicide in 2021
Terrorist incidents in Asia in 2021
War in Afghanistan (since 1978)
Naresuan

King Naresuan The Great. (also known as Phra-Ong-Dam or Naret). He was born in the year of the Rabbit (Refer to Chinese Zodiac Year), B.E. 2098 (A.D 1555) at Jan Palace, Phitsanulok. His father was King Mahathammaracha and his mother was Queen Wisutkhasat. King Narasuan had one older sister named Princess Suphan Thewi (Supankanlaya) and one brother named King Ekathotsarot (Phra-Ong-Khao).
The Burmese King Bayinnong moved his troops to attack Ayutthaya, and he conquered it. So, he asked for King Naresuan as his adopted child while Naresuan was 9 years old. When Naresuan was 16, King Mahathammaracha wanted Naresuan to come back to be a viceroy of Phitsanulok and gave Princess Suphan Kanla Ya instead as the captive from Phitsanulok.
Major events in the life of King Naresuan
B.E. 2113 He fought with Khmer's troop and he won.
B.E. 2114 He was established (set up) to be a governor of Phitsanulok when he was 16.
B.E. 2117 He fought at Viengjan, and he has a smallpox. So he came back to Phitsanulok.
B.E. 2121 He fought for driving out Phaya Jeen Jan Tu from Ayutthaya.
B.E. 2127 He proclaimed peace at Krang province.
B.E. 2127-2130 Burman sent armies to attack Thai but Burman lost.
B.E. 2133 He reigned Ayutthaya when he was 35 years old.
B.E. 2135 Made war with Mang Ka Yoe Cha Wa.
B.E. 2138 and 2141 He fought with Hong Sa Wa Dee.
B.E. 2148 He died at Tung Keaw, Hang luang when he was 50 years old.
References
1555 births
1605 deaths
Kings and queens
Thai nobility
Samsung Galaxy Note

Samsung Galaxy Note is a series of smartphones and tablet computers made by Samsung Electronics. They use Android as their operating system.
The models are mainly for pen computing. All Galaxy Note models come with a stylus pen. They have a Wacom digitizer that turns handwriting into text.
Samsung mobile phones
Spyker F1

The Spyker F1 Team was a Formula One team owned by Spyker, a Dutch car brand. It existed only in 2007. The team was bought from Midland in 2006 and was sold to become Force India later on in 2007.
History
2006
In 2006, during the 2006 Formula One season, it was announced that Spyker had bought the struggling Midland F1 team. Every race that was left would be raced under the Spyker name and the livery would be changed to orange, because that's the national colour of the Netherlands.
2007
In the 2007 season, the team was fully in the hands of Spyker. However, to the public, the team did not perform better than Midland. It was known as a backmarker, a team that almost always finds itself at the back of the grid.
Firing of Albers
On the tenth of July it was announced that the only Dutch driver with Spyker, Christijan Albers, would be fired because his sponsors failed to pay the Spyker F1 team. He would be replaced by Winkelhock and, later on, Yamamoto.
2007 European Grand Prix
During the 2007 European Grand Prix, held at the Nurburgring, Markus WInkelhock found himself leading the field in his only race for Spyker and in F1. This was because he was the only driver to make a pitstop before the race started. It was a rainy day and the team decided on wet tyres, as they work better in the rain than other compounds. This move put him in last, but many people in front of him either spun off or decided to get wet tyres for themselves. Suddenly, after passing the man in front, he was leading the race. At the height of his triumphant drive, he was 33 seconds in front of the driver in second. However, this wouldn't last long. Because of a series of crashes caused by the rain, the race was red-flagged. After the race restart, he was quickly overtaken by the faster cars behind him. He later on retired because of a hydraulics issue.
Spyker F1 Sold
At the end of 2007, Spyker F1 was sold to an Indian holding company called Orange India Holdings. This was officially the end for Spyker in Formula One. The team turned into Force India for the start of 2008.
Formula One Results
2007
References
Formula One constructors
Clemens Cornielje

Clemens Gerard Antoon Cornielje (10 June 1958 - 17 March 2022) was a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), political consultant and teacher.
From 1994 until 2005, Cornielje was a member of the House of Representatives, and from 2005 until 2019, Queen's/King's Commissioner of Gelderland.
He was a Roman Catholic and openly gay.
Cornielje was born in Lobith and diagnosed with brain cancer in 2017. He died from this illness in Arnhem at the age of 63.
References
1958 births
2022 deaths
Cancer deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from brain cancer
Dutch LGBT people
Dutch provincial politicians
Dutch Roman Catholics
Dutch teachers
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Gay men
LGBT Christians
LGBT politicians
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from Gelderland
Norwegian Air Shuttle

Norwegian is one of the largest airlines in the world. It is based in Norway. Its headquarters are at Baerum, near Oslo.
Fleets
Gallery
References
Other websites
Norwegian Official website
1993 establishments
Airlines of Europe
Companies of Norway
Somerton, Suffolk

Somerton is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 81 people living in Somerton.
References
Other websites
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
World Barista Championship

The World Barista Championship is an annual competition to select the World Barista Champion. These competitions are held annually and baristas compete for the title of world champion. This event is held in a different city every year. The next competition will be in May 2020 in Melbourne, Australia.
The World Barista Championship is held every year. The champions of more than 50 different countries compete for the most prestigious award in the world of coffee. The competition is that the baristas have to prepare 4 espressos, 4 cappuccinos and 4 special drinks within 15 minutes. WBC certified judges judge the baristas' performances and rate them. The contestants with the highest scores advance to the semi-finals and then to the finals.
References
KUDAK, KELSEY. "Calling the Shots: 20 Years of the World Barista Championship | Specialty Coffee Association News". Specialty Coffee
Other websites
World Barista Championship official site
World championships
Didier Burkhalter

Didier Burkhalter (born April 17, 1960) is a Swiss politician. He was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland. Burkhalter is a member of FDP.The Liberals. He was elected as a member of the Swiss Federal Council on 16 September 2009. He succeeded Pascal Couchepin on 1 November 2009 when he became head of the Federal Department of Home Affairs (the Swiss interior minister). Since 1 January 2012, he serves as head of the Department of Foreign Affairs. In 2014, he was President of the Swiss Confederation. He served as Chairman-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2014. He left the Federal Council on 31 October 2017 (replaced by Ignazio Cassis).
References
Other websites
Presidential year 2014
Swiss OSCE Chairmanship 2014
Curriculum Vitae of Federal Councillor Didier Burkhalter
FDFA Homepage
|-
|-
|-
|-
1960 births
Living people
Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
Renault Tracer

The Renault Tracer was a bus produced by Renault from 1991 to 2001.
The FR1 has a 9.8 litre 6-cylinder turbo diesel engine with 186 kW/253 hp.
In 2001, the Tracer were replaced by the Irisbus Ares.
Other websites
Buses
Tracer
1994 South African general election

The South African general election of 1994 was an election held in South Africa. The election was free and equal and conducted under the direction of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). At the end of the general election, President Nelson Mandela became the first President of South Africa.
Millions of people were in lines over a three-day voting period. The total of people who's votes were counted were 19,726,579 and 193,081 were rejected as invalid. As required by the Interim Constitution, the ANC formed a Government of National Unity with the National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party, the two other parties that won more than twenty seats in the National Assembly.
The date 27 April is now a public holidays in South Africa. It is known as Freedom Day.
Other websites
U.S. Department of the Army, South Africa Country Study, "The 1994 Elections"
IEC results for 1994 election
Proportional representation and alternative systems
1994 in Africa
Politics of South Africa
Nelson Mandela
1994 elections
1990s in South Africa
Elections in Africa
General elections
April 1994 events
Kevin Clash

Kevin Clash (born September 17, 1960) is an American puppeteer and voice actor. Clash currently performs Elmo on Sesame Street. He has also performed Splinter from Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Clifford from Muppets Tonight, and Baby Dinosaur from Dinosaurs. Mr. Clash is an important part of Sesame Street Workshop. He often performs as Elmo in hospitals for sick children. Mr. Clash is well known for his ability to improvise.
Filmography
1960 births
Living people
American voice actors
American puppeteers
Corey Crawford

Corey Crawford (born December 31, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played a total 10 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played his entire career for the Chicago Blackhawks. He made his debut with the Blackhawks on January 22, 2006 against the Minnesota Wild.
Crawford also played in the QMJHL for the Moncton Wildcats. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.
On October 9, 2020, Crawford signed a two-year, $7.8 million contract with the New Jersey Devils. However, he never played for them. On January 9, 2021, Crawford announced that he was retiring from professional ice hockey.
Awards
Stanley Cup (2013) - with the Chicago Blackhawks
William M. Jennings Trophy (shared with Ray Emery) (2012-13)
NHL Second Star of the Week of Jan. 19-27 2013
NHL Star of the Week of Feb. 20-27 2011
NHL All-Rookie Team (2011)
QMJHL Second All-Star Team (2004-05)
QMJHL Telus Defensive Player of the Year (2003-04)
QMJHL Second All-Star Team (2003-04)
References
Other websites
1984 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Moncton Wildcats players
People from Montreal
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Stanley Cup champions
Vraignes-lès-Hornoy

Vraignes-les-Hornoy is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Placerville, Idaho

Placerville is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Law & Order: UK

Law & Order: UK is a British police procedural and legal television programme made for ITV. It was adapted from the American series Law & Order. Law & Order: UK ran from 2009 to 2014.
The series starred originally starred Bradley Walsh, Freema Agyeman, Jamie Bamber, Ben Daniels, Harriet Walter and Bill Paterson.
Other websites
Law & Order: UK on IMDb
English-language television programs
2009 British television series debuts
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
Mystery television series
Legal television series
Greene, Maine

Greene is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Aclens

Aclens is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Vaud
Kingdom of Holland

The Kingdom of Holland was a country that existed from 1806 to 1810. It was in Central and North Netherlands and East Friesland in Germany. It was a puppet state created by France. The king of Holland was Louis Bonaparte.
Related pages
Holland
Former monarchies of Europe
19th-century establishments in the Netherlands
19th-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
1806 establishments in Europe
1810 disestablishments
Puppet states
Klösterle, Austria

Klosterle is a municipality in the district of Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.
References
Settlements in Vorarlberg
Mahamane Ousmane

Mahamane Ousmane (born 20 January 1950) is a Nigerien politician. He was the first democratically elected and fourth President of Niger from 16 April 1993 until he was removed from power in a military coup d'etat on 27 January 1996.
He has continued to run for president in each election since he was removed from office, and he was president of the National Assembly from December 1999 to May 2009.
Since April 2020, he is the president of the Democratic and Republican Renewal (RDR Tchanji), the opposition party of Niger.
References
1950 births
Living people
Presidents of Niger
AAC

AAC is a file format for storing music or other sounds. It stands for Advanced Audio Coding or Advanced Audio Codec. It is used by Apple Inc. in the iPod and iTunes, by Sony in the Walkman, in all Android devices, in car stereos, any by many other devices. AAC is one of the standard formats that comes from the MPEG organization, the same people who invented MP3. Like MP3, AAC is a compressed format. It works by removing parts of the music that people can not hear. A good AAC encoder can compress CD quality music to about 10% of its original size without affecting the perceived sound quality.
Profiles
There are several profiles (variants) of AAC. These are the most popular:
AAC LC - Standard AAC profile with no extensions. All AAC players support this profile. This is the format used by Apple (iPod / iPhone), Sony (Walkman), and many others; it takes up more space, has high audio quality, and is used for music stored on an iPod, CD-ROM, or disk drive.
HE-AAC v1 - AAC with Spectral Band Replication - a more efficient format; it saves space for music sent over a network, like over the Internet or to a cell phone, although at the cost of sound quality. Brand names for this format include aacPlus™️, Nero Digital™️, and AAC+. A variant of this format is used for HD Radio.
HE-AAC v2 - AAC with Spectral Band Replication and Parametric Stereo - an even more efficient format for music sent over a network, although at the cost of reduced stereo separation. Brand names for this format include aacPlus™️ v2, eAAC+™️, and AAC+ Enhanced™️.
AAC-LD - Low delay profile used for VOIP applications.
Various other profiles exist, but are not commonly used.
File names
Here are some common AAC file name endings:
.aac-music only (raw file without mp4 container, uncommon)
.m4a-music and information
.m4p-music and information, with DRM
.m4b-speech and information, "Audiobook" recognized by Apple that keeps the listener's position
.m4r-music and information used by Apple as a ringtone
.mp4-music, video, or both, plus information
An AAC file that has only music and information could have a name that ends with either .m4a or .mp4.
Encoders
A number of encoders exist for AAC. These are some of the most popular:
Fraunhofer FDK AAC
Fraunhofer FhG AAC
Nero AAC
Apple AAC
Microsoft AAC
FAAC
FFmpeg AAC
Coding Technologies HE-AAC
VisualOn AAC (obsolete)
PsyTel AAC (obsolete)
Compaact (obsolete)
Metadata
A KDE/Qt application for Linux/Unix called easytag will edit metadata about AAC-encoded files as long as they end with the .m4a extension. Typically, renaming files to .m4a and back to the original extension after editing is sufficient. This method can be used to configure typical ID3v2 metadata including cover art. This cover art is used by Apple's iTunes and their media players. Note that easytag does not have the ability to add chapter points into Audiobooks (.m4b).
Computer file formats for audio
Gulf of Honduras

The Gulf or Bay of Honduras is a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea. It indents the coasts of Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. From north to south, it runs for approximately 200 km from Dangriga, Belize, to La Ceiba, Honduras.
The inner Gulf of Honduras is lined by the Belize Barrier Reef. It forms the southern part of the 900 km long Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. This is the second-largest coral reef system in the world. The Belize Barrier Reef has a number of small islands. They are called cays, and collectively known as the Pelican Cays.
The Gulf of Honduras contains complex dynamics of coastal and open waters, and ocean currents. These have produced a very diverse and unique ecosystem with a wide variety of coastal marine waters. It includes coastline estuaries, barrier beaches, lagoons, intertidal salt marshes, mangrove forests, seagrass beds, keys and barrier reefs.
The gulf receives the runoff from the watersheds of 12 rivers . They discharge at 1232 m3 s-1. These rivers include the Moho, Sarstun, Rio Dulce, Motagua, and Ulua. Volume of sediment from these rivers is increasing. This damages the marine ecosystem.
Many American anglers visit the Gulf of Honduras to catch the marlin that abound there. Tourists are often taken on boat trips to the Pelican Cays, notably Caye Caulker and Ambergris Caye.
In 1961 Hurricane Hattie swept across the Gulf of Honduras. It destroyed buildings in Belize.
References
Honduras
Atlantic Ocean
Geography of Central America
Geography of Belize
Geography of Guatemala
Errie Ball

Samuel Henry "Errie" Ball (November 14, 1910 - July 2, 2014) was a Welsh-American professional golfer. He played at the first Augusta National golf tournament in 1934 (now known as the Masters Tournament). He was the last living person to play in the first Masters. He was an active golfer between the 1930s and the 1970s.
Ball was born in Bangor, Gwynedd, north west Wales. During his 20s, he moved to the United States, under the request from his uncle. He turned 100 in November 2010. He was married to Maxie for 78 years until his death. Maxie was 99 when Ball died. They had a daughter named Leslie.
Ball died from natural causes on July 2, 2014 in Stuart, Florida, aged 103. His wife and their daughter outlived him.
References
Other websites
Erri Ball at the Illinois Golf Hall of Fame
1910 births
2014 deaths
American centenarians
American golfers
British centenarians
British golfers
Sportspeople from Florida
Welsh sportspeople
Vannes OC

Vannes O.C. is a football club which plays in France.
French football clubs
1998 establishments in France
Drina Martyrs

Drina Martyrs were Catholic nuns of the Congregation of the Daughters of Divine Charity. They were killed in Bosnia and Herzegovina between December 15 and 23, 1941 because of their religion.
Life and death
Their names were Marija Jula (Kata) Ivanisevic, Marija Bernadeta (Terezija) Banja, Marija Krizina (Josefa) Bojanc, Marija Antonija (Josefa) Fabjan and Maria Berchmana (Carolina Anna) Leidenix. They died in Gorazde and near Sjetlina in 1941. They are beatified in Sarajevo on 24th September, 2010.
References
FDC Alumnae
Site about Drina Martyrs - multilingual
Further reading
Franc Ksaver Mesko: Izbrano delo I-VI Mohorjeva druzba v Celju (1954-1960)
Anto Bakovic: Drinske mucenice, Vlastita svjedocanstva, Svjedocanstva ocividaca, Dokumenti, Anto Bakovic, Sarajevo 1990.
Roman Catholic martyrs
Christian saints
20th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
1941 deaths
1941 in Europe
December events
Françoise Hardy

Francoise Hardy is a French singer, actress and model. As a celebrity in various fields, she has been an icon in France.
Early life
Hardy was born at 17 January 1944 in Paris and grew up in rich family. From her childhood, she was so interested in literature that she was attracted to Simone de Beauvoir and Albert Camus. She received a guitar from her mother as a present for her passing baccalaureat at 16. It caused her to get interested in Chanson. Hardy mastered guitar by herself and showed an interest in composing chanson. Trying to be a singer was hard, she failed many times. After entering the University of Sorbonne in Paris, she kept studying a chanson in Petit conservatoire de la chanson, a chanson school founded by Mireille who was a famous singer at that time.Soon, she contracted with the record label Vogue in November 1961.
Success
In June 1962, she made a great debut with her famous chanson Tous les garcons et les filles which became a hit all over Europe at her age of 18. The song made the wave of Ye-ye music in France with two million sales. It was when another famous song Comment te dire adieu appeared that Hardy estalished her as a singer in 1968. The song received a favorable review from many critics who were indifferent to young singers without precedent. Since then, she has been a cultural iconic figure in France. All of almost her songs were self written, and they have been translated into English, Spanish, Italian and German. As an actress, she appeared in many films - Chateau en Suede (1963), Une balle au coeur (1965), What's new pussycat? (1966) Masculin- Feminin (1966) and Grand prix (1967)
She has a son, Thomas Dutronc in 1973 and married his father Jacques Dutronc. Now, they remain a couple.
Singers from Paris
French singer-songwriters
1944 births
Living people
Musicians from Paris
Caumont, Pas-de-Calais

Caumont, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais