pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic cycle

A thermodynamic cycle is a series of thermodynamic processes which returns a system to its initial state. Properties depend only on the thermodynamic state and thus do not change over a cycle. Variables such as heat and work are not zero over a cycle, but rather depend on the process. The first law of thermodynamics dictates that the net heat input is equal to the net work output over any cycle. The repeating nature of the process path allows for continuous operation, making the cycle an important concept in thermodynamics.
If the cyclic process moves clockwise around the loop, then it represents a heat engine, and W will be positive. If it moves counterclockwise then it represents a heat pump, and W will be negative.
Classes
Two primary classes of thermodynamic cycles are power cycles and heat pump cycles. Power cycles are cycles which convert some heat input into a mechanical work output, while heat pump cycles transfer heat from low to high temperatures using mechanical work input.
Thermodynamic power cycles
Thermodynamic power cycles are the basis for the operation of heat engines, which supply most of the world's electric power and run almost all motor vehicles. Power cycles can be divided according to the type of heat engine they seek to model. The most common cycles that model internal combustion engines are the Otto cycle, which models gasoline engines and the Diesel cycle, which models diesel engines. Cycles that model external combustion engine include the Brayton cycle, which models gas turbines, and the Rankine cycle, which models steam turbines.
Related pages
Entropy
Heat engine
References
Halliday, Resnick & Walker. Fundamentals of Physics, 5th edition. John Wiley & Sons, 1997. Chapter 21, Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Other websites
Educational software links:
Thermodynamic Cycle Simulation Software
Thermodynamics
Second Industrial Revolution

The Second Industrial Revolution was a period when advances in steel production, electricity and petroleum caused a series of innovations that changed society. With the production of cost effective steel, railroads were expanded and more industrial machines were built. Women become a bigger part of the work industry, getting jobs as white collar workers including secretaries and clerks.
Also it was the period when many cities got clean water supplies. This controlled cholera epidemics and other water-carried diseases.
This revolution transformed much of the world. It was ended by World War I.
References
19th century
20th century
Economic history
History of Europe
History of technology
Innovation
Revolutions
Cheyney, Pennsylvania

Cheyney is an unincorporated community in Pennsylvania. Cheyney University of Pennsylvania is nearby.
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania
Max Rojas

Juan Maximo Rojas Proenza, known as Max Rojas (June 4, 1940 - April 24, 2015) was a Mexican poet, essayist, literary critic and culture manager. Rojas wrote long-winded poem Cuerpos, his last published work originally composed of three thousand pages and that could fill twenty volumes.
References
1940 births
2015 deaths
Mexican poets
Literary critics
Writers from Mexico City
Tuition payments

Tuition payments, usually known as tuition in American English and as tuition fees in Commonwealth English, are fees charged for students looking for a higher education.
Tuition payments are charged by colleges and universities include costs for lab equipment, computer systems, libraries, facility upkeep and to provide a comfortable student learning experience.
References
Finance
Education
The Hockey Champ

The Hockey Champ is a 1939 Donald Duck short film. It was produced in Technicolor and released by Walt Disney Productions.
Cast
Clarence Nash as Donald Duck, Huey, Dewey, and Louie
Home media
The short was released on May 18, 2004, on Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume One: 1934-1941.
References
Other websites
1930s comedy movies
American sports comedy movies
Carville, Calvados

Carville is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.
Population
References
Former communes in Calvados
Enlightenment

Enlightenment has several meanings. Some of them are given below:
A concept in philosophy and psychology.
Nirvana, the goal of Buddhism
Moksha, a religious concept of Hinduism
Age of Enlightenment, a period in European history
Enlightenment (Window Manager), A window manager for Linux distributions
Vaux-sur-Sûre

Vaux-sur-Sure is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 4759 people lived there.
It is at 49deg 54 North, 05deg 34 East.
References
Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Cloud nine

Cloud nine is a cloud city concept designed by Buckminster Fuller. The structure would consist of two geodesic domes connected to form a sphere 1.6 kilometers \ 1 statute mile in diameter with living area for one million people. The geodesic sphere would be held aloft by the interior being slightly warmer than the outside air.
Settlements
Matanzas Province

Matanzas is one of the provinces of Cuba.
Location
Major towns
Major towns in the province include Cardenas, Jovellanos and the capital of the same name, Matanzas. The resort town of Varadero is also located in this province.
Geographical location and appearance
The second largest in Cuba, Matanzas province is largely flat, with its highest point (Pan de Matanzas) at only 380m above sea level.
The north coast has numerous small cays of its coast, and scrubland and mangroves near the shoreline.
The southern coast has one of Cuba's most distinctive features: an enormous marsh, Cienaga de Zapata that covers both the southern part of the province and the peninsula of the same name. East of the peninsula lies the Bay of Pigs, the site of the failed US backed invasion.
Economy
Of Cuba's provinces, Matanzas is one of the most industrialised, with petroleum wells, refineries, supertanker facilities, and 21 sugar mills to process the harvests of the fields of sugarcane in the province.
Municipalities
Agramonte
Alacranes
Arcos de Canasi
Bolondron
Cardenas
Carlos Rojas
Colon
Guamacaro
Jaguey Grande
Jovellanos
Juan Gualberto Gomez
Los Arabos
Manguito
Marti
Matanzas
Maximo Gomez
Pedro Betancourt
Perico
San Antonio de Cabezas
San Jose de los Ramos
Santa Ana (Cidra)
Union de Reyes
Varadero
References
Cuba Demographycs
Other websites
Provincial portal
Provinces of Cuba
Firhill Stadium

Firhill Stadium is the home ground of the Scottish association football club, Partick Thistle F.C.
In December 2005 Firhill also became the temporary home of Glasgow's professional Rugby Union team, Glasgow Warriors, when they moved from their previous base at Hughenden. The Glasgow Warriors will take up a two-year residency at Firhill from the start of the 2007-08 Magners League season.
References
Football stadiums in Scotland
Bad Romance

"Bad Romance" is a song by American recording artist Lady Gaga. It was released as the lead single from her third extended play (EP), and second major release The Fame Monster on October 26, 2009.
Gaga has said that the song is about being in love with a best friend. There are some lines sung in French in the song.
The song reached #1 in many countries including Canada, the UK, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, while reaching #2 in the US and Australia. It was certified Diamond in America and has sold over 5.5 million downloads in that country. "Bad Romance" won Gaga the 2011 Grammy Awards for Best Pop Vocal Performance and for Best Short Form Music Video.
Music video
The video for the song starts off with Gaga and her dancers in a bathhouse, getting out of beds shaped like caskets. It features Gaga being auctioned off while in a white, open room. The end of the video shows her in bed, smoking, with a skeleton by her side.
On December 31, 2018, the music video for the song became Gaga's first to reach one billion views. It is the first music video from the 2000s decade to achieve this milestone. It is Gaga's most-watched music video.
References
2009 songs
Lady Gaga songs
Dance-pop songs
The Loop (CTA)

The Loop (historically Union Loop, or commonly Loop) is the long circuit of elevated railroad that forms the hub of the Chicago "L" system in Chicago, Illinois.
As of 2012, the branch has served 74,651 passengers every weekday.
The Loop is so named because the railroad loops around a rectangle formed by Lake Street (north side), Wabash Avenue (east), Van Buren Street (south), and Wells Street (west). The railroad loop has given its name to Chicago's downtown, which is known as the Loop. However, transportation historian Bruce Moffat has concluded that "The Loop" was not used as a proper noun until after Charles Yerkes' 1895-97 construction of the elevated structure.
References
Transport in Chicago
1890s establishments in Illinois
Hurricane Flora

Hurricane Flora was among the deadliest Atlantic hurricanes. This hurricane happened in Autumn 1963. The storm hit southwestern Haiti at peak intensity (her winds peaked at 145 miles per hour). Flora then drifted over Cuba for almost four days before heading northeast into the Atlantic. Between seven thousand and eight thousand people died due to Flora. At that time, the death toll was the most from any storm since the Galveston Hurricane in September 1900. The name Flora was later retired.
Deadly storms
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
1963
20th century in Haiti
1960s in Cuba
Hurricanes in Haiti
1960s in weather
Flora
1 E6 m²

To help in showing the sizes of different geographic regions, areas between 1 km2 (100 hectares) and 10 km2 (1000 hectares) are listed below.
Areas smaller than 1 km2
1 square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km2, is an SI unit of surface area. It is equal to:
100 hectares
1 E+6 m2 or 106 m2 in scientific notation
1,000,000 m2
0.386 square miles
247.105381 acres
the area of a square of side length 1 km
a cube with this surface area has sides of length 408 m
a circle of this area has a radius of 564 m
a sphere of this surface area has a radius of 282 m
179 hectares--Bennebroek, smallest municipality in the Netherlands
195 hectares--Monaco (country ranked 192nd by area)
200 hectares--Herm, Channel Islands
250 hectares--Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens in London
290 hectares--City of London
320 hectares--Hampstead Heath in London
341 hectares--Central Park in New York
400 hectares--Great Wall of China, largest human structure.
460 hectares--Pitcairn Island
493 hectares--University of the Philippines Diliman
650 hectares--Gibraltar
890 hectares--size of largest organism on Earth, Armillaria ostoyae.
Areas larger than 10 km2
Notes
Orders of magnitude
en:Orders of magnitude (area)
Nesles-la-Montagne

Nesles-la-Montagne is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Adhemar

Adhemar is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Given name
Adhemar of Salerno (died 861), prince
Adhemar of Capua (died after 1000), prince
Adhemar de Chabannes (988-1034), French monk and historian
Adhemar of Le Puy (died 1098), bishop
Adhemar Jori/Jory (1375), lord of Domeyrat pres Carlat,
Francois Adhemar de Monteil (1603-1689), Archbishop of Arles
Francois Adhemar de Monteil, Comte de Grignan (1632-1714), French aristocrat
Adhemar Jean Claude Barre de Saint-Venant (1797-1886), mechanician
Louis-Alfred-Adhemar Rivet (1873-1951), politician
Adhemar Raynault (1891-1984), politician
Adhemar (footballer, born 1896), Adhemar dos Santos, Brazilian football midfielder
Adhemar Pimenta (1896-1970), sports manager
Adhemar de Chaunac (born 1896, fl. 1961), vintner
Adhemar de Barros (1901-1969), mayor of Sao Paulo and Governor of Sao Paulo
Adhemar da Silva (1927-2001), athlete
Adhemar Bultheel (born 1948), Belgian mathematician
Adhemar (footballer, born 1972), Adhemar Ferreira de Camargo Neto, Brazilian football forward
Surname
Joseph Adhemar (died 1862), mathematician
Fictional characters
Adhemar, Flemish comic book character in The Adventures of Nero by Marc Sleen.
Count Adhemar, the main antagonist of A Knight's Tale, a medieval comedy starring Heath Ledger.
Related pages
Bronzen Adhemar
Chateau des Adhemar
La Garde-Adhemar
Grignan-Les Adhemar AOC
Rodovia Adhemar de Barros
References
Confessions Part II

"Confessions Part II" is a song by American singer Usher. It was produced by Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox. It was released for his album, Confessions (2004). It was written by Usher, Dupri and Cox. The song is about a confession of a man to his woman. His girlfriend told him that she is three months pregnant and that she is keeping the child. This gives stress to the guy because he does not want a child at the moment.
Music critics started rumors that Usher might become a father. However, he told the press that the inspiration for the song came from friends who went through similar experiences. Music critics gave mixed reviews on the song. It was released as the third single from the album. It reached number one on the Hot 100 for two weeks. It became Usher's third number one single.
CD Single Track Listings
UK CD 1
"Confessions Part II"
"My Boo" (Duet with Alicia Keys)
UK CD 2
"Confessions Part II"
"My Boo"
"Confessions Part II" (Remix featuring Shyne, Kanye West & Twista)
"Confessions Part II" (Video)
"My Boo" (Video)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2004 songs
Usher songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
The Scream (1893)

The Scream is Edvard Munch's most famous painting. It is an example of modern art.
The picture shows an imaginary creature with its mouth and eyes open.
Munch got the idea for the painting when he was walking with friends. It was sunset and the sky was red, like the color of blood. Munch heard a sound in his ears, like the sound of nature screaming.
The painting was made with oil, tempera and pastel on cardboard. The size of the painting is 91 x 73.5 cm (35 7/8 x 29"). The painting is in the Nasjonalgalleriet (National Gallery) in Oslo, Norway.
From 1893 to 1910, Munch made four paintings of "The Scream". Three of the paintings are in Norwegian museums. The fourth painting has a private owner.
In 1994, thieves stole the painting from the Norwegian National Gallery. Three months later, the painting was found. The value of the painting is about $55 million.
References
1890s paintings
Layoff

Layoff (also called redundancy in British English), is when an employee does not work due to temporary or permanent suspension. There are legal differences from being fired. The meaning of "layoff" has changed over time. It first mean that there would be a temporary interruption at places like factories. In modern times, "laying someone off" is usually permanent, although in some special cases someone can be laid off temporarily.
References
Employment
Lou Reed (album)

Lou Reed is the first studio album by American guitarist Lou Reed. It was released in April 1972 on RCA Records label. It was produced by Richard Robinson.
Track listing
"I Can't Stand It" - 2:37
"Going Down" - 2:57
"Walk and Talk It" - 3:40
"Lisa Says" - 5:34
"Berlin" - 5:16
"I Love You" - 2:21
"Wild Child" - 4:41
"Love Makes You Feel" - 3:13
"Ride into the Sun" - 3:16
"Ocean" - 5:06
Personnel
Lou Reed - guitar, keyboards, vocals
Clem Cattini - percusions
Helene Francois - background vocals
Kay Garner - background vocals
Steve Howe - guitar
Les Hurdle - bass guitar
Paul Keogh - guitar
Brian Odgers - bass guitar
Caleb Quaye - guitar, piano
Rick Wakeman - piano, keyboards
Lou Reed albums
1972 albums
RCA Records albums
John Hodge (engineer)

John Dennis Hodge (10 February 1929 - 19 May 2021) was a British-born aerospace engineer. He worked for the CF-105 Avro Arrow jet interceptor project in Canada.
In 1959, he became a member of NASA's Space Task Group, which later became the Johnson Space Center. During his NASA career, he worked as a flight director and planner.
When he returned to NASA in the 1980s, he worked as a manager on the Space Station Freedom project, which later became the International Space Station. He also was an administrator at the United States Department of Transportation.
Hodge died on 19 May 2021 in Herndon, Virginia, aged 92.
References
Other websites
1929 births
2021 deaths
British engineers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Essex
American aerospace engineers
Bitwise operation

In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit array at the level of its individual bits.
Bitwise operators
In the explanations below, any indication of a bit's position is counted from the right side, moving left. For example, the binary value 0001 (decimal 1) has zeroes at every position but the first (i.e. the rightmost) one.
NOT
The bitwise NOT, or complement, is an operation that performs logical negation on each bit. Bits that are 0 become 1, and those that are 1 become 0. For example:
NOT 0111 (decimal 7)
= 1000 (decimal 8)
NOT 10101011 (decimal 171)
= 01010100 (decimal 84)
AND
A bitwise AND is an operation that takes two bit patterns and performs the logical AND operation on each pair of bits. If both bits in the compared position are 1, the result is 1 otherwise the result is 0. For example:
0101 (decimal 5)
AND 0011 (decimal 3)
= 0001 (decimal 1)
OR
A bitwise OR is an operation that takes two bit patterns of equal length and performs the logical inclusive OR operation on each pair of bits. If both bits are 0 the result is 0, while otherwise, the result is 1. For example:
0101 (decimal 5)
OR 0011 (decimal 3)
= 0111 (decimal 7)
XOR
A bitwise XOR is an operation that takes two bit patterns of equal length and performs the logical exclusive OR operation on each pair of bits. If both bits are 0 the result 0, if one bit is 1 and the other is zero the result is 1, and if both bits are 1 the result is 0.
0101 (decimal 5)
XOR 0011 (decimal 3)
= 0110 (decimal 6)
Computer science
Boolean algebra
Minnetonka Beach, Minnesota

Minnetonka Beach is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Vorly

Vorly is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. About 243 people lived there in January 2019.
Population
References
Communes in Cher
Ground state

Ground state is the lowest level of energy in a particle, atom or molecule. If energy is added from outside, then the level of energy is increased, and the ground state is changed. Changing ground state is the process of excitement of electrons to higher levels. Any other state is called an "excited state." In ground state, an atom is stable, and does not give out electromagnetic radiation. When an electron drops down from an excited state to the ground state, electromagnetic radiation is released.
References
Physics
Armenian illuminated manuscripts

Armenian illuminated manuscripts are a form of artwork in the Byzantine tradition. They come from between the 5th century and the 13th century. They can include prayer rolls, the Mugni Gospels, and the Echmiadzin Gospels.
Other websites
Matenadaran site
Armenian manuscripts at Armenica.org
Illuminated manuscripts
Armenian culture
Ursberg

Ursberg is a municipality in Gunzburg in Bavaria in Germany.
Nearby is Ursberg Abbey, a former Imperial Abbey of the Holy Roman Empire.
Notable residents
Theo Waigel, former Chairperson of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria party and Federal Minister of Finance of Germany.
References
Settlements in Gunzburg (district)
Senchal Lake

Senchal lake, located 10 km to the south-east of Darjeeling, is the main reservoir of potable water for Darjeeling, India. The lake is located at an altitude of atop a hill. The hill also has one of the highest golf courses in the world. A tourist lodge at Senchal serves as hotel to tourists. This lake is a part of the Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary.
References
Other websites
Senchal Lake on Wikimapia
Darjeeling district
Lakes of India
Sigy

Sigy is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Ile-de-France region of north-central France.
Communes in Seine-et-Marne
László Sárosi (footballer)

Laszlo Sarosi (27 February 1932 - 2 April 2016) was a Hungarian footballer and coach. He played as a defender for Vasas and Hungary between the 1940s and 1960s. He was born in Budapest.
Sarosi died on 2 April 2016 in Budapest, aged 84.
References
1932 births
2016 deaths
1958 FIFA World Cup players
1962 FIFA World Cup players
Hungarian football managers
Hungarian footballers
Sportspeople from Budapest
Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light

Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light was a live television programme, created by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). It replaced the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, which was going to be held in Rotterdam, Netherlands, but was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic.
The show was shown live from Hilversum, Netherlands on 16 May 2020 and lasted for two hours. It was hosted by Chantal Janzen, Edsilia Rombley and Jan Smit, who had been chosen to present the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 before its cancellation.
Format
During the programme, all 41 songs that had been chosen to take part in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 were show but no one could vote. Participants from the past were invited to make an appearance. Together, the artists performed "Love Shine a Light" from their home countries. Videos of Eurovision fans singing along to "What's Another Year" by Johnny Logan, which won the Eurovision Song Contest 1980 in The Hague, were shown as well.
Venue
Hilversum was the host city and Studio 21 in Media Park was the venue of the show. It was the second time Hilversum hosted a Eurovision event, having previously hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 1958.
Presenters
The show was hosted by three presenters: Actress and television host Chantal Janzen, singer and commentator for the contest Jan Smit, and singer Edsilia Rombley, who represented the Netherlands in the 1998 and 2007 contests. They would have been the three hosts of the Eurovision Song Contest 2020.
Performances
The show featured performances from the following Eurovision artists:
Song showcase
The show also showcased the artists and songs that would've been performed at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, by showing short videos of the songs' music videos or stage performances, along with video messages from the artists themselves.
Appearances
- Viki Gabor (winner of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2019)
- Alexander Rybak (Norwegian representative in ; winner of the )
- Lenny Kuhr (co-winner of the )
- Sandra Kim (winner of the )
- Anne-Marie David (French representative in ; winner of the )
- Niamh Kavanagh (Irish representative in ; winner of the )
- Getty Kaspers (winner of the as part of Teach-In)
- Ell & Nikki (winners of the )
- Sergey Lazarev (Russian representative in and )
- Dana (winner of the )
- Elena Paparizou (Greek representative in as part of Antique; winner of the )
- Carola (Swedish representative in and ; winner of the )
- Conchita Wurst (winner of the )
- Bjorn Ulvaeus (winner of the as part of ABBA)
- Graham Norton (British commentator for the contest)
Broadcasters and commentators
The countries below broadcasted the live show:
References
Other websites
2020 in the Netherlands
2020 in music
Eurovision Song Contest
Hilversum
Fatu Hiva

Fatu Hiva is a tropical island in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of French Polynesia and the Marquesas Islands.
There are about 600 people living on Fatu Hiva. It is 22 km away from Motu Nao. The three main villages are Hana Vave, Omo'a and Uia.
Islands of French Polynesia
Steve Dillon

Steve Dillon (22 March 1962 - 22 October 2016) was a British comic book artist. He was best known for his work with writer Garth Ennis on Hellblazer, Preacher and The Punisher. He began his career in the 1970s. He was born in London and grew up in Luton, Bedfordshire.
Dillon died of problems caused by appendicitis on 22 October 2016 in Manhattan, New York, United States. He was 54.
References
Other websites
1962 births
2016 deaths
Artists from London
Comics artists
Deaths from appendicitis
Disease-related deaths in New York City
People from Bedfordshire
Pithecopus ayeaye

The reticulate leaf frog (Pithecopus ayeaye) is a frog that lives in Brazil.
Appearance
The adult male frog is 35 to 42.6 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 41.3 to 46.1 mm long. The frog has green skin with big orange blotches with dark blue or purple around them. The frog gets its name from this reticulated pattern on its skin. This frog has no webbing on any of its four feet, and the climbing disks on its toes are very small.
Habitat and reproduction
This frog lives in small rivers and pools where the water is deep.
When it is time to lay eggs, the frog finds a branch hanging over a pool of water. It builds a nest out of leaves on the branch. It lays eggs in the folded leaves. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall out of the nest into the water.
Threats
Many of the places where this frog lives are protected parks, but it is still endangered.
This frog is endangered because humans change the places it lives into farms and mines and other things, because humans build roads through places the frog lives so that it can't travel from place to place, because of pollution, and because humans use chemicals meant to kill pests and chemicals meant to make crops grow, and these hurt the frog.
References
Frogs of South America
University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines is a French public university. It was created in 1991 in the department of Yvelines. Since 2002, it has been in Hauts-de-Seine. It is mainly in the cities of Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Mantes-en-Yvelines and Velizy-Villacoublay and Rambouillet. It has eight campuses.
The school has 19,000 students, 752 staff people and 1389 teachers and researchers. 285 teachers outside of the university come each year to give courses.
The subjects taught are the sciences, the social sciences, the political sciences, engineering, technology and medicine. It also has courses about the relationship between economy, ethics, natural environment and sustainable development.
The university has a logo showing a white sunrise on a green earth referring to the sustainable development, major theme of the university.
Administration
Like all the other French universities, UVSQ is managed by a President elected by the Board of directors. He is member of the three councils of the university.
The board of directors, which decides the strategy of the institution.
The academic and university life council, which is responsible for training.
The scientific council, which is responsible for research activities.
Presidents
Faculties
UVSQ has seven faculties: science, social science, law and political science, Ile-de-France West medical training and research faculty, institute of languages and international studies, institute of cultural studies, and the higher institute of management.
Graduate schools and institutes
UVSQ as a postgraduate school in engineering, called ISTY, and two University Institutes of Technology. There is also a training center for apprentices (called CFA d'Alembert). The university also has PhD graduate schools.
Library and electronic documentation network
Its main library, opened in June 2002. Its area is and it has 100,000 books. In total, the university has six academic libraries with about 200,000 books, 5,000 digital books and 26,000 magazines and newspapers.
Student life
In September 2011, 31 associations are approved by UVSQ. They are in science, social sciences and humanities, law, medicine, humanitarian-social-environment, communication, entertainment, thought and politics. 14,226 students were at the university in 2004.
Demographic changes
Related pages
UniverSud Paris
Universite du grand ouest parisien
Notes and references
References
Bibliography
Agence d'evaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement superieur, Rapport d'evaluation de l'universite de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines , January 2010
Comite national d'evaluation des etablissements publics a caractere scientifique, culturel et professionnel, L'universite de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Rapport d'evaluation, December 2006
Other websites
Official website
Official website
1991 establishments in France
Taleb Amoli

Sayyid Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Taleb Amoli (1585-1627) () or Taleb Amoli is a Persian poet. Taleb Amoli in india. His poems are in Persian and Hindi.
1585 births
1627 deaths
Persian poets
Electric Avenue (song)

"Electric Avenue" is a reggae song released by Guyanese singer Eddy Grant on his Killer on the Rampage album in January 1983. It is a reggae, synthpop, new wave, and disco song. Grant wrote and produced the song himself.
It reached #2 on both the United States and UK singles charts.
The song is named after a market street in Brixton, London, England. It has been covered by many artists.
References
1983 songs
Reggae songs
Songs about London
2021 Madrid explosion

The 2021 Madrid explosion occurred on 20 January 2021, when a natural gas leak caused the explosion of a building located in Madrid, Spain.
Four people were killed and eleven were injured.
2021 disasters in Europe
2021 explosion
Disasters in Spain
Explosions in Europe
January 2021 events
Explosions in 2021
2021 in Spain
Spoke

A spoke is one of several rods radiating from the center of a wheel (the hub where the axle connects), connecting the hub with the round traction surface.
The term originally meant the portions of a log which one had split lengthwise into four or six sections. The radial members of a wagon wheel were made by carving a spoke (from a log) into their finished shape. Eventually, the term spoke was applied to the finished product of the wheelwright's work.
Other websites
These pages are in German:
Hub dynamo assembly instructions with spoke length formula and a nice diagram
Online spoke length calculator, uses slightly different measures than the above formula
Engineering
Anne Aasheim

Anne Aasheim (22 April 1962 - 30 March 2016) was a Norwegian editor. She was born in Porsgrunn, Norway. She started her journalist career in the neighboring city's largest newspaper Varden in the late 1970s. She worked in Dagen and Bergens Arbeiderblad before being hired in NRK Hordaland in 1988.
Aasheim died of lung cancer in Oslo, Norway on 30 March 2016, aged 54.
References
1962 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Norway
Deaths from lung cancer
Norwegian writers
Easy Lynne (1916 movie)

East Lynne is a 1916 American drama movie directed by Bertman Bracken and based on the 1861 novel of the same name by Ellen Wood. It stars Theda Bara, Ben Deeley, Stuart Holmes, Claire Whitney, William H. Tooker and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1916 drama movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Movies based on books
Murad II

Murad II (, , 16 June 1404 - 3 February 1451) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1444 and from 1446 to 1451.
Murad II's reign was a period of important economic development. The amount of trade grew during his rule. Ottoman cities grew larger as well. In 1432, Bertrandon de la Broquiere noted that Ottoman yearly revenue rose to 2,500,000 ducats. He said that if Murad II had used all of the resources of the Empire, he could easily have invaded Europe. Murad II defeated a large group of Crusader armies from different states of Europe at the Battle of Varna.
Refernces
1404 births
1451 deaths
Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Atlantihyla

Atlantihyla is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. These frogs live in Honduras and Guatemala in Central America. Scientists named these frogs Atlantihyla because they live on the east side of the narrow piece of land, which is the same side as the Atlantic Ocean. These frogs are named stream frogs in English.
Taxonomy
Scientists made the genus using information about DNA. Julian Faivovich and colleagues looked at the subfamily Hylinae in 2018. They moved two former Ptychohyla species to Atlantihyla and four former Ptychohyla species to Quilticohyla. Atlantihyla is a sister group with Bromeliohyla, Duellmanohyla, and Quilticohyla. A third Atlantihyla species was described in 2020.
Description
These frogs only look alike in one way: They have a white stripe on the sides of their bodies and a ridge on their backs. Adult male frogs are and adult female frogs are long from nose to rear end. The tadpoles have large mouth discs.
Species
There are three species in this genus:
Atlantihyla melissa Townsend, Herrera-B., Hofmann, Luque-Montes, Ross, Dudek, Krygeris, Duchamp, and Wilson, 2020
Atlantihyla panchoi (Duellman and Campbell, 1982) - Guatemala stream frog
Atlantihyla spinipollex (K. P. Schmidt, 1936) - Ceiba stream frog
AmphibiaWeb says this genus is monotypic, with Atlantihyla melissa as the only species in it.
References
Frogs of North America
Ann Robinson

Ann Robinson (born May 25, 1929) is an American actress and stunt horse rider. She is best known for her work in the science-fiction classic The War of the Worlds and in the 1954 movie Dragnet.
Robinson was born in Hollywood, California. She studied at Hollywood High School. In 1987, she married Joseph Valdez. They divorced in 2017.
References
Other websites
Ann Robinson interview, thespectrum.com; accessed August 10, 2016.
1929 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Spotswood, New Jersey

Spotswood is a town in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States.
History
Its first settler James Johnston originally called the place "Spotteswoode", named for his old place of residence in Scotland. The settlement dates back to 1685.
Spotswood was originally part of East Brunswick Township, but decided to become its own town on April 15, 1908.
Geography
The town had a total area of 2.472 square miles (6.402 km2).
Population
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 7,880 people, 3,099 households, and 2,163 families residing in the borough.
References
Towns in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
1685 establishments
1680s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
17th-century establishments in New Jersey
Everything Everywhere All at Once

Everything Everywhere All at Once is a 2022 American absurdist comedy-drama movie written and directed by Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert (known as the "Daniels"). Kwan and Scheinert produced it with Anthony and Joe Russo and Jonathan Wang.
Plot
The movie is about a Chinese-American immigrant (played by Michelle Yeoh) who discovers that she must connect with parallel universe versions of herself to prevent a powerful villain from destroying the multiverse.
The movie also stars Stephanie Hsu, Ke Huy Quan, Jenny Slate, Harry Shum Jr., James Hong, and Jamie Lee Curtis.
Awards
The movie was named a top-ten movie of 2022 by the National Board of Review and the American Film Institute. The movie also received two Golden Globes for Yeoh and Quan at the 80th Golden Globe Awards. It was nominated for 6 awards at the Golden Globes.
It was nominated for eleven awards at the 95th Academy Awards. It won seven of them, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress for Yeoh, Best Supporting Actor for Quan, and Best Supporting Actress for Curtis. It is the first science-fiction movie to win Best Picture.
References
Other websites
Official screenplay
2022 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Best Picture Oscar
Pinga (footballer, born 1924)

Jose Lazaro Robles (11 February, 1924 - 7 May 1996) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team. He is regarded as one of the best football players of all time. He first played as a midfielder, on the left wing, but when he moved to Vasco he was advanced to the left winger position. He had among his strong points the precision in the shot, usually made with the left foot. Considered one of the best left-footed players ever, who was reowned for scoring goals, dribbling and a skillful player on the ball.
Club career
Pinga started his career with Portuguesa, which at the time had one of the strongest teams in club history with players such as Djalma Santos, Brandaozinho, Simao and Julinho. In 1952 the club won the prestigious Torneio Rio-Sao Paulo. After this he switched to Vasco da Gama from the then capital Rio de Janeiro and would play there for 8 years. He also won the Torneio Rio-Sao Paulo, twice the Campeonato Carioca and in 1957 the Tournoi de Paris. He was also the club's top scorer for five seasons. From the 1960s, his career deteriorated sharply. In the season, he scored only once. He ended his career at Juventus.
International career
In 1950, he was called up for the first time to the Brazilian national team, although he was a reserve team, called up for the Oswaldo Cruz Cup, against Paraguay. Pinga scored three of Brazil's five goals (2-0 win and 3-3 draw) and helped the national team to be champions. Many of the players in this selection ended up being called up by coach Flavio Costa to compete in the 1950 World Cup, but Pinga was left out. He also played for the national team. In 1952 he won the 1952 Pan American Football Championship with the Selecao. A year later, he played at the 1953 South American Championship, where he scored twice in the 8-1 win over Bolivia. A year later he also played at the 1954 FIFA World Cup. Here he scored the 3-0 and 4-0 against Mexico in the opening game.
Death
Pinga died on May 7, 1996 due brain tumor, he was only 72.
References
1924 births
1996 deaths
Brazilian footballers
Prairie restoration

Prairie restoration is a type of habitat conservation, for prairies and habitats that lived alongside prairies. It is the act of restoring land that was once native prairie to how it once was. In North America this is usually defined as pre-settlement, meaning before Europeans arrived. Much of this land is good for farming and has been plowed for planting crops or turned into pastures. In Illinois, there was once 22 million acres (9 million hectares), now there are less than 2300 acres (920 hectares) of high-quality original prairie remaining.
Invasive plants and trees
Invasive species are a big problem with prairies. Since fires cannot burn freely, many new species are taking over, and preventing sunlight from reaching shorter plants. In the United States, European buckthorn is a common problem. Garlic mustard is another. Often areas that once held a hundred different species of plants now only has three or four species.
Restoration techniques
Controlled burns
Weeding
Brush cutting
Seed collecting
Sowing
References
ecosystems
Conservation
Hossein Dehlavi

Hossein Dehlavi () (September 30, 1927 - October 15, 2019) was a Persian composer. He was born in Tehran. For ten years, Dehlavi was the director of and professor at the Persian National Music Conservatory in Tehran. In 1979, he wrote an opera for children called Mana and Mani.
On October 15, 2019, Dehlavi died at his home in Tehran from Alzheimer's disease-related problems at the age of 92.
References
Other websites
Hossein Dehlavi Official Website
1927 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Iranian writers
Iranian composers
People from Tehran
Sergio Sanchez Hernandez

Sergio Sanchez Hernandez (born May 16, 1968 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind and a T12/B2 type athlete. He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 4 X 400 meter T11-T13 race. He finished second in the 400 meter T12 race.
References
Spanish middle-distance runners
Living people
1968 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Sportspeople from Barcelona
Cheesman's big-eyed tree frog

Cheesman's big-eyed tree frog (Nyctimystes cheesmani) is a tree frog from southeastern Papua New Guinea.
The adult male frog is 47.6 to 56.5 mm long from nose to rear end, and the adult female frog is 54.7 to 65.0 mm long. It can be light brown to dark brown or green-brown in color. It has very dark eyes. It has purple color on some parts of its body. It has vomerine teeth in its upper jaw.
Scientists found this frog in streams in forests that were open enough for the sunlight to come through.
In 2020, the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature considered calling the frog "cheesmanae" but decided not to.
References
Frogs of Oceania
Condé-en-Brie

Conde-en-Brie is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Magpie

Magpies are birds in the crow family, Corvidae. They are general scavengers and predators of insects, small mammals, and other birds' eggs and young.
The word "magpie" usually means the European magpie (Pica pica), which is a very common bird, found all over Europe. Elsewhere, there are other species of magpie. Most are black and white and are in the genus Pica.
Other birds called "magpie"
There are other species of bird that are called 'magpies', though they are not true magpies. Oriental "magpies" are green and blue in colour, and are in the genera Urocissa and Cissa. There is also one blue and white magpie, the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyana. There is the black magpie, which is really a treepie. There is also the Australian magpie. It is not a member of the crow family at all. It is in the Artamidae family. All these are in different genera from Pica. This is a good example of the confusion caused by common names before the Linnaean system came into use.
Description
Magpies are large birds. They often have long tails. Magpies eat lots of different kinds of food. They may eat baby birds, eggs and carrion. They may also eat seeds and other parts of plants.
Magpies are clever birds. They can pass the mirror test. This is when the bird sees itself in a mirror and understands that it is a reflection. Magpies do not have any attraction to bright, shiny things, contrary to popular belief.
Related pages
Yellow-billed magpie
Black-billed magpie
Other websites
Magpie videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Magpie webcam - Live webcam stream Magpies & Blackbirds nest
Corvids
Casco, Maine

Casco is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Patrick Ewing

Patrick Aloysius Ewing (born August 5, 1962 in Kingston, Jamaica; pronounced PA-TRIK ah-LOY-shus YOO-ing), also known as Pat Ewing, is a Jamaican-American retired NBA basketball player. He is originally from the nation of Jamaica, not Jamaica, Queens. He is an 11 time NBA All-Star. He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008. His jersey number 33 was retired by the New York Knicks. He is currently an assistant coach for the Orlando Magic. Ewing is considered one of the greatest centers in the game's history and one of the greatest players who did not win an NBA championship during their career. However, he did win an NCAA championship in 1984 as a member of the Georgetown Hoyas, and this team is generally regarded as one of the greatest college men's basketball teams of all time. Furthermore, Ewing is considered one of the greatest college players of all time. He was nicknamed Big Pat and Hoya Destroya. Ewing's Knicks played Michael Jordan's Chicago Bulls four different times in the playoffs; 1989, 1991, 1992, and 1993. Ewing's son, Patrick Ewing, Jr., also briefly played in the NBA.
References
Other websites
1962 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American Olympic gold medalists
Jamaican sportspeople
New York Knicks players
Orlando Magic players
Seattle SuperSonics players
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
American basketball players
Space Jam characters
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Hideaway

Hideaway is a 1995 melodramatic horror movie. It is about a man who dies during a car accident. However, this man is revived two hours afterwards. He begins having frightening visions. He thinks he may have become connected to a serial killer. Jeff Goldblum plays the accident victim, Alicia Silverstone plays Regina Harrison and Christine Lahti plays Lindsey.
The movie was released March 3, 1995 in the United States. Reviews were mixed to very negative. It made almost US$3 million below its budget of $15 million.
1995 thriller movies
1995 horror movies
1995 drama movies
American horror movies
1977 Birmingham tornado

The 1977 Birmingham tornado was a violent tornado that moved through the northern suburbs of Birmingham, Alabama during the afternoon of April 4, 1977.
The Birmingham tornado
Beginning a few miles north of Birmingham, it passed through Jefferson County, causing F5 damage in Smithfield. The tornado caused 22 deaths and 125 injuries as well as $25 million in damage. Hundreds of homes were damaged or destroyed. Two trucks were thrown into the air. Daniel Payne College suffered extensive damage, and it was closed permanently.
Other tornadoes
Other tornadoes broke out in Alabama, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, and North Carolina. One tornado killed one person in Georgia, while another person was killed east of Birmingham. The severe weather on April 4 contributed to the crash of an Southern Airways plane, killing 70 people.
The tornado was the second tornado to affect Birmingham since 1956. The next tornado struck in 1998 and killed 32 people, and in 2011, a tornado killed 64 people.
Tornadoes in the United States
1970s in weather
Atomic Rooster

Atomic Rooster are a British rock band originally formed by members of The Crazy World of Arthur Brown, organist Vincent Crane and drummer Carl Palmer. They were popular in the early-mid-1970s and the early 1980s. The band went through radical style changes. Their best known singles were "Tomorrow Night" (UK No. 11) and "Devil's Answer" (UK No. 4), both in 1971.
References
British rock bands
Ciel Bergman

Ciel Bergman, a.k.a. Cheryl Bowers (Cheryl Marie Olsen; September 11, 1938 - January 15, 2017) was an American painter of Swedish origin. Her work, was called post-modern, and had a focus on the environment as well as feminine consciousness. She was born in Berkeley, California.
References
1938 births
2017 deaths
American painters
People from Berkeley, California
Creole language

A creole language (or a creole) is a language that comes from a pidgin. Creoles seem very similar to each other, even if they come from different languages. There is not a widely accepted theory that explains why this happens.
References
Related pages
Lingua franca
Other websites
Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics (SPCL)
The Online Dictionary of Language Terminology
Mahendra Yadav

Mahendra Yadav (died July 5, 2020) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Indian National Congress. He was an MLA from Delhi's Palam constituency from 1988 to 2003. He was convicted in a 1984 anti-Sikh riots case and was sentenced to 10 years in prison.
Yadav died on 5 July 2020 from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. He had tested positive for the infection on June 26, 2020.
References
Year of birth missing
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Politicians from New Delhi
Indian criminals
Warren E. Burger

Warren Earl Burger (September 17, 1907 - June 25, 1995) was the 15th Chief Justice of the United States. He was in office from 1969 to 1986. Although Burger had conservative leanings and was considered a strict constructionist, the U.S. Supreme Court delivered many of the transformative decisions on abortion, capital punishment, religious establishment, and school desegregation during his tenure.
Burger was born on September 17, 1907 in Saint Paul, Minnesota and studied at the University of Minnesota and at William Mitchell College of Law. He was married to Elvera Stromberg from 1933 until her death in 1994. They had 2 children, Wade Allen Burger and Margaret Elizabeth Burger. Burger died on June 25, 1995 in Washington, D.C. from heart failure and was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery, aged 87.
References
Other websites
Ariens, Michael, Warren E. Burger.
Warren E. Burger memorial at Find a Grave.
Oyez, Supreme Court Media, Warren E. Burger.
Warren E. Burger at Supreme Court Historical Society
Supreme Court History, the Burger Court at Supreme Court Historical Society.
1907 births
1995 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Chancellors of the College of William & Mary
Politicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Chief Justices of the United States
Lawyers from Minnesota