pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
1905

1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Art, music, theatre, literature
October 15 - Little Nemo in Slumberland debuts in American newspapers.
A Little Princess is published
Events
January 22 - "Bloody Sunday" in St. Petersburg (Russia). First Russian Revolution has started.
April 1 - SOS, the Morse code signal for distress, is created by Germany.
June 7 - Norway becomes an independent country.
October 28 - Cardiff, Wales becomes a city in the United Kingdom.
Albert Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity.
A workers' revolt, supported by the crew of the Russian battleship Potemkin, takes place in Odessa, Russia.
Births
January
January 2 - Michael Tippett, English composer (d. 1998)
January 14 - Takeo Fukuda, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1995)
January 21 - Christian Dior, French fashion designer (d. 1957)
February
February 1 - Emilio G. Segre, Italian-American physicist (d. 1989)
February 2 - Ayn Rand, American writer (d. 1982)
March
March 9 - Rex Warner, English writer (d. 1986)
March 12 - Takashi Shimura, Japanese actor (d. 1982)
March 19 - Albert Speer, German architect (d. 1981)
March 25 - Pote Sarasin, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2000)
April
April 21 - Pat Brown, 32nd Governor of California (d. 1996)
May
May 15 - Joseph Cotten, American actor (d. 1994)
May 16 - Henry Fonda, American actor (d. 1982)
May 26 - Seni Pramoj, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 1997)
June
June 21 - Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher (d. 1980)
July
July 15 - Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1980)
July 29 - Clara Bow, American actress (d. 1965)
July 29 - Dag Hammarskjold, 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 1961)
August
August 24 - Arthur Crudup, American blues musician (d. 1976)
August 25 - Faustyna Kowalska, Polish nun and mystic (d. 1938)
September
September 18 - Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d. 1990)
October
November
December
December 4 - Emilio Garrastazu Medici, President of Brazil (d. 1985)
December 5 - John Whedon, American screenwriter (d. 1991)
December 11 - Erskine Hamilton Childers, 4th President of Ireland (d. 1974)
December 21 - Anthony Powell, English writer (d. 2000)
December 22 - Kenneth Rexroth, American poet (d. 1982)
Deaths
March 24 - Jules Verne, French writer (b. 1828)
nv:1901 - 1950
Tjahjo Kumolo

Tjahjo Kumolo (1 December 1957 - 1 July 2022) was an Indonesian politician. He was the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform from 2019 until his death. He also was the Minister of Home Affairs in President Joko Widodo's cabinet from 2014 to 2019. Kumolo was also a member of the People's Representative Council from 1987 to 1997 and again from 1999 to 2004. Kumolo was born in Surakarta, Indonesia.
Kumolo died on 1 July 2022 at a hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia at the age of 64.
References
1957 births
2022 deaths
Indonesian politicians
Disease-related deaths in Indonesia
Ogawamachi Station (Tokyo)

is a subway station in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation runs the station. It was opened on March 16, 1980.
Lines
Ogawamachi Station is served by the Toei Shinjuku Line, and is 6.5 km from Shinjuku Station. The station has the number "S-07". It is connected to Awajicho Station on the Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line and Shin-Ochanomizu Station on the Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line from underground passages.
Station Design
Ogawamachi Station has a one island platform design on the 6th level of the basement (also called ("B6F")), it has two tracks.
Platform Design
Passenger Information
In 2011, the station was used by around 64,205 people everyday.
Areas near the station
The station is located under the Tokyo Metropolitan Route 302 (Yasukuni-dori) it is between Tokyo Metropolitan Routes 403 (Hongo-dori) and 405 (Sotobori-dori). There is many office buildings and apartment buildings in this area. Other places close by are:
Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, Kanda Police Station
Chiyoda City Hall, Kanda Park branch office
Chiyoda Municipal Chiyoda Elementary School
Kanda-Awajicho and the Kanda-Nishikimachi post offices
Tokyo Denki University
School of Engineering
School of Science and Technology for Future Life
Related pages
List of railway stations in Japan
Ogawamachi Station (Saitama)
References
Other websites
the station's website
1980s establishments in Japan
1980 establishments in Asia
Railway stations in Tokyo
Piet Ouderland

Piet Ouderland (17 March 1933 - 3 September 2017) was a Dutch footballer and basketball player. He was born in Amsterdam, North Holland.
As a footballer, Ouderland played as a striker. He played Ajax, AZ Alkmaar and the Netherlands national team. For Ajax, he made 261 total appearances with the club between 1955 and 1964. This made him a member of Club van 100. He also made seven appearances with the national team in 1962 and 1963. As a basketball player, he also played for the national team. He was the first Dutchman to play for the national sides of football and basketball.
References
1933 births
2017 deaths
Dutch basketball players
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Taiyo Koga

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Koga was born in Niigata Prefecture on October 28, 1998. He joined J1 League club Kashiwa Reysol from their youth team in 2017. In June 2018, he moved to J2 League club Avispa Fukuoka on loan. He played many matches as center back. In 2019, he returned to Kashiwa which was relegated to J2 from 2019. Kashiwa was returned to J1 in a year.
In December 2019, Koga was selected the Japan national team for 2019 E-1 Football Championship. At this tournament, he debuted against Hong Kong on December 14.
Statistics
|-
|2017||rowspan="2"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="2"|J1 League||9||0||2||1||5||0||16||1
|-
|2018||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2018||Avispa Fukuoka||J2 League||21||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||21||0
|-
|2019||rowspan="3"|Kashiwa Reysol||J2 League||37||2||1||0||4||0||42||2
|-
|2020||rowspan="2"|J1 League||33||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0||38||0
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||
100||2||3||1||14||0||117||3
100||2||3||1||14||0||117||3
|}
|-
|2019||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
References
Other websites
1998 births
Living people
Footballers from Niigata Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Avispa Fukuoka players
Aluminium selenide

Aluminium selenide, also known as aluminum selenide or aluminium(III) selenide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Al2Se3. It contains aluminium in its +3 oxidation state. It contains aluminium and selenide ions.
Properties
It reacts with water to make hydrogen selenide. It is a reducing agent and can burn to make aluminium oxide and selenium dioxide.
Preparation
It is made by reacting selenium with aluminium powder at a high temperature.
Uses
It is used to make hydrogen selenide.
Related pages
Sodium selenide
References
Selenium compounds
Aluminium compounds
Populaire (movie)

Populaire is a 2012 French-Belgian romantic comedy movie. It is set in France and New York City in the late 1950s. It was directed by Regis Roinsard. It was released in the United Kingdom on 31 May 2013.
Other websites
2012 romantic comedy movies
Belgian romance movies
Belgian comedy movies
French-language movies
French romance movies
French comedy movies
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in the 1950s
Nyctosaurus

Nyctosaurus was a pterosaur from the Upper Cretaceous. It had a wing span of 1 meter and a very big crest. It was in the Pterodactyloidea and related to Pteranodon.
Pterosaurs
Benay

Benay is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Bille Brown

William Gerard "Bille" Brown AM (11 January 1952 - 13 January 2013) was an Australian actor and playwright. He was known for his roles in Fierce Creatures, The Man Who Sued God, The Dish, and in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader. Brown and Geoffrey Rush were good friends. He was openly gay.
Brown was born on 11 January 1952 in Biloela, Queensland, Australia. He studied at Queensland University.
Brown died on 13 January 2013 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia from bowel cancer, aged 61.
References
Other websites
Alyce Faye Cleese interviews Bille Brown in Montecito, Ca. 35 minutes.
Bille Brown - Stage acting credits
"Merry Wives of Windsor" - special Waratah Festival performance, at Albert Park Amphitheatre, Brisbane (1987)
"The Merry Wives of Windsor" - Albert Park Amphitheatre, Brisbane (1987)
1952 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Queensland
Australian LGBT people
Australian movie actors
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Australian voice actors
Cancer deaths in Queensland
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Gay men
LGBT actors
Tostones

Tostones are a dish of sliced and fried plantains. It is commonly eaten in many countries in Latin America.
Preparation
Plantains that are green and not ripe are used. It is sliced into small flat pieces and then it is fried two times.
Origin
It is unknown where tostones came from. Many Caribbean and Latin American countries say they made tostones. The recipe is known under different names. They are called patacones in Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica and Peru, and they are called tostones in Cuba, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic. In the Dominican Republic, they also go by the name platano frito or fritos verdes, and in Haiti they are also called bannann peze.
Related pages
Tajadas - Another fried plantain dish.
References
Panamanian culture
Puerto Rico
Guatemala
Dominican Republic
Honduran culture
Costa Rica
Cuban culture
South American foods
Kindwiller

Kindwiller is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Marvin Gay, Sr.

Marvin Pentz Gay Sr. (October 1, 1914 - October 10, 1998) was an American minister. He was the father of singers Marvin Gaye and Frankie Gaye. He was best known for shooting and killing his son on April 1, 1984, following an argument at their Los Angeles home. He was convicted of voluntary manslaughter. He was given a six-year suspended sentence and five years probation.
In 1998, Gay died of pneumonia in Culver City, California at age 84.
References
1914 births
1998 deaths
American people convicted of manslaughter
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in California
People from Kentucky
Jiangxi

Jiangxi is a province of People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Nanchang.
Other websites
"Map of Jiangxi Province with Explanations" is an old map made between the years of 1573 and 1620
Provinces of China
Monte Titano

Monte Titano ("Mount Titan") is a mountain of the Apennines and the highest peak in San Marino. It is high and is to the east side of the capital, San Marino. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008 under the combined title "San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano".
References
Mountains of Europe
World Heritage Sites in Europe
San Marino
Ängelholms FF

Angelholms FF is an association football club in the town of Angelholm in Sweden. The club was founded in 1976, and played its first Superettan season in 2002.
Other websites
Official website
Swedish football clubs
1976 establishments in Sweden
Jim DeMint

Jim DeMint (born September 2, 1951) an American politician. He was the United States Senator from South Carolina. He served as senator from 2005 to 2013. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005.
DeMint was born on September 2, 1951 in Greenville, South Carolina. He studied at University of Tennessee, Knoxville and at Clemson University. He is married to Debbie Henderson. They have four children.
References
Other websites
1951 births
Living people
United States representatives from South Carolina
United States senators from South Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
South Carolina Republicans
Hameln-Pyrmont

Hameln-Pyrmont (Low Saxon: Landkreis Hameln-Purmunt) is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. The district is located in the northern part of the Weserbergland mountains.
Towns and municipalities
References
Districts of Lower Saxony
Zhangixalus puerensis

The Puer tree frog (Zhangixalus puerensis) is a frog. It lives in China and Vietnam.
References
Frogs of Asia
Annamie Paul

Annamie Paul (born November 3, 1972) is a Canadian politician, activist and lawyer. She was the Leader of the Green Party of Canada from October 3, 2020 until November 14, 2021. She was the first Black Canadian and first Jewish woman to be elected leader of a federal party in Canada.
References
1972 births
Living people
Politicians from Toronto
Canadian lawyers
Romulus (CDP), New York

Romulus is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the Town of Romulus, Seneca County, New York, United States on the border with the Town of Varick. The population was 409 at the 2010 census.
References
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Hamlets in New York (state)
Penny Lilac

The Penny Lilac was a postage stamp in Great Britain. It was first issued on 12 July 1881. It was used until 1901. This stamp remained the standard letter stamp for the rest of Victoria's reign, and huge numbers were printed.
Related pages
Penny Black
Penny Red
Queen Victoria
Twelve Penny Black
Two Penny Blue
Postage stamps
Philately of the United Kingdom
1881 establishments in the United Kingdom
1901 disestablishments
1900s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Iwaki Province (718)

was an old province in the area that is today Fukushima Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture on the island of Honshu. The history of the province started in 718 and ended between 722 and 724.
History
Iwaki Province was created during the reign of Empress Gensho.
Related pages
Iwaki Province (1868)
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
References
Other websites
Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Former provinces of Japan
Fukushima Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture
710s establishments in Japan
720s disestablishments in Japan
718 establishments
Ma Baker

"Ma Baker" is a popular song performed by Boney M. The song came off their album Love for Sale. It hit #2 in Britain. The song was remixed and sampled for several other songs. It was only minor in the United States.
The song was released May 2, 1977.
1977 songs
Pop songs
Boney M songs
Super Aguri SA08

Super Aguri SA08 is a Super Aguri F1 team car used in the 2008 Formula 1 season. The car was designed based on the Honda RA107 used in the 2007 season, and the SA08 is the successor to the 2007 Super Aguri SA07. It was driven by Takuma Sato and Anthony Davidson. The car made its debut at the 2008 Australian Grand Prix, and its last race at the 2008 Spanish Grand Prix. The car did not run a full season because prior to the 2008 Turkish Grand Prix, the Super Aguri team withdrew from Formula One.
Complete Formula One results
(key)
Formula One
Great Plains

The Great Plains is a large space of level land or prairie in the middle and western parts of North America. It is a steppe or grassland.
The western boundary is the Rocky Mountains. In the east, the Great Plains grassland becomes the tallgrass of the Mississippi River basin. The prairie is (in whole or part) in eleven U.S. states, and in the southern parts of three Canadian provinces.
In the Great Plains, summers are hot and humid, but winters are cold. Bison used to number millions, and were the main food for people there. Now the area is mainly sown with cereal crops which feed cattle and people.
Related pages
Grassland
Other websites
North Dakota State University: The Geologic Story of The Great Plains
Kansas Heritage Group: Native Prairie, Preserve, Flowers, and Research
Library of Congress: Great Plains
University of Nebraska-Lincoln: The Great Plains Study
Plains
Regions of Canada
Regions of the United States
Arturo Rojas de la Cámara

Arturo Rojas de la Camara (22 December 1930 - 8 January 2019) was a Spanish children's cartoonist. He worked for the Spanish newspaper Editorial Valenciana for a long time.
Camara was born on 22 December 1930 in Paterna, Spain and died on 8 January 2019 in Valencia, Spain at the age of 88.
References
1930 births
2019 deaths
Spanish cartoonists
People from the Valencian Community
Omar Sívori

Enrique Omar Sivori (, ; 2 October 1935 - 17 February 2005) is a former Argentine-Italian football player. He has played for Argentina national team and Italy national team.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Argentina's and Italy's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Sivori goal.
Honours
River Plate
Primera Division: 1955, 1956, 1957
Juventus
Serie A: 1957-58, 1959-60, 1960-61
Coppa Italia: 1958-59, 1959-60, 1964-65
Coppa delle Alpi: 1963
Napoli
Coppa delle Alpi: 1966
Argentina
South American Championship: 1957
Copa Raul Colombo (friendly): 1956
Individual
South American Championship player of the tournament: 1957
Serie A Golden Boot: 1959-60
Ballon d'Or: 1961
FIFA 100: 2004
Filmography
Sivori played the part of himself, in two Italian films.
Idoli controluce - (1965)
The President of Borgorosso Football Club (1970)
Quotes
Giampiero Boniperti: "Playing alongside him was pure fun. Charles was the target man, while Omar used the space to put defenders in trouble. He used to play with socks down around his ankles, without any kind of protection, to show he wasn't scared of defenders. He had an incredible winning mentality."
John Charles: "With Sivori, it was the classic big man-little man partnership. Sivori had huge skill and it was a joy to play with a player as good as he was."
Marcello Lippi: "Whenever we were talking about Juventus, his eyes brightened up."
Humberto Maschio: "He was amazing. A first-class dribbler who had speed and the ability to surprise at any moment."
Roberto Bettega: "He was like an older brother for me. He was my idol when I was a kid and then we became close friends. He was one of the best players in the history of football."
Notes
References
Bibliography
Other websites
1935 births
2005 deaths
Argentine footballers
Italian footballers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Ballon d'Or winners
1962 FIFA World Cup players
Argentine football managers
Club Atletico River Plate managers
Association football forwards
Tom Watson (Labour politician)

Thomas Anthony Watson (born 8 January 1967) is a British Labour Party politician. He was elected as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party in September 2015. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for West Bromwich East from 2001 through 2019. He was Minister for Digital Engagement and the Civil Service at the Cabinet Office from 2008 to 2009.
On 6 November 2019 Watson announced that he would be standing down both as an MP and as Deputy Leader, and leave office on 12 December 2019, stating that his reasons for standing down were "personal, not political."
References
1967 births
Living people
People from Yorkshire
UK MPs 2001-2005
UK MPs 2005-2010
UK MPs 2010-2015
UK MPs 2015-2017
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Büren, Westphalia

Buren is a town in Paderborn in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Buren is at the confluence of the rivers Alme and Afte. It is about 20 km southwest of Paderborn and about 30 km southeast of Lippstadt.
Neighbouring municipalities
Brilon
Geseke
Ruthen
Salzkotten
Bad Wunnenberg
Division of the town
Buren has 12 districts:
Twin towns
Buren is twinned with:
Kortemark, Belgium (1981)
Charenton-le-Pont, France (1989)
Mittersill, Austria (1995)
Ignalina, Lithuania (2003)
References
Other websites
Official website
Paderborn Rural District
Ozieri

Ozieri (Otieri) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 10,602 people lived there. Its area is 252.13 km2. It is 390 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Chord progression

A chord progression is a part of music, made up of several chords played one after another. Chord progressions are important for people who write songs or play musical instruments that can play chords, such as the guitar. Chord progressions are used in many types of music. How a piece of music sounds has to do with its chord progression.
Relation to the circle of fifths
The circle of fifths is an idea in music theory that has to do with keys. It also has to do with chord progressions. If you have a song with the chord progression G, C, D, you can see those chords are right next to each other in the circle. So if you want to play the same song in a different key, you can use any other three chords right next to each other. This works for any chord progression.
Common chord progressions
One of the most used chord progressions is based on the first, fourth and fifth notes of a major scale. In the key of C, these are the C, F, and G chords. This progression is used in many simple songs. Since these songs have only three chords, they are sometimes called three-chord songs. Many country, blues, rock, pop and punk songs are three-chord songs.
Related pages
Chord
Harmonics (music)
Music theory
Promoter (genetics)

In genetics, a promoter is a section of DNA which starts the transcription of a gene.
Promoters are near the genes they transcribe. They are on the same strand of DNA and are 'upstream'.
Promoters can be about 100-1000 base pairs long.
Overview
For the transcription to take place, the enzyme that makes RNA, known as RNA polymerase, must attach to the DNA near a gene.
Promoters contain specific DNA sequences which give the RNA polymerase a place to bind. Other proteins also help this to happen. Some can also stop it from happening. The whole thing is called "the regulation of gene expression".
In bacteria The promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase and another protein.
In eukaryotes The process is more complicated. At least seven different factors are needed so RNA polymerase II can bind to the promoter.
Promoters are important parts of the DNA. They work with other regulatory regions. Together, they adjust the level of transcription of a gene. So, genes get switched on when they are needed, and switched off when they are not. When they are on, they get adjusted up or down as needed.
References
DNA
Merle Travis

Merle Robert Travis (November 29, 1917 - October 20, 1983) was an American country singer, songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Rosewood, Kentucky. Travis wrote many well-known songs including: "Sixteen Tons." Travis is best known for his masterful guitar playing style. The style of finger-picking known as "Travis picking" is named after him. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1977.
1917 births
1983 deaths
American guitarists
Grammy Award winners
Gefjun

Gefjun (or Gefjon, Gefion) is one of the AEsir in Norse mythology. This name could be from Old Norse ged fia meaning "chaste" is one of the Asynjur in Norse mythology. She appears only a few times in surviving sources. Medieval sources talk of her mainly as a goddess of chastity. However, modern scholarship suggests that she may originally have been a fertility goddess connected with ritual plowing, and even that she was originally the same fertility goddess as Freyja.
It has also been suggested that she is the origin of Grendel's mother who appears in the epic poem Beowulf.
References
Norse mythology
Elu (Portuguese pronoun)

The elu system () is based on a set of linguistic proposals created with the purpose of preparing the Portuguese language with a neuter grammatical gender. The most prominent proposal is the personal neopronouns elu, delu, nelu, and daquelu, intended to be a proposal for how to refer to non-binary people (whose gender identity is not male or female) or whose gender is unknown, or irrelevant, as well as groups with different genders, without resorting to the "generic masculine". These proposals can be used by and for anyone, regardless of gender.
The pronoun elu tries to present the least number of problems in its use when trying to function smoothly in oral speech, listening, writing and visual identification, creating similarity between ela ("she"), ele ("he"), and elu (functionally similar to singular they).
Nouns in Portuguese all have grammatical gender, and this gender impacts some grammatical inflections. Grammatical gender is different from personal gender identity--rather, words referring to a generic individual with unknown gender identity still carries grammatical gender. For example, the word pessoa ("person") is grammatically feminine, but indicates no specific gender of the person referred to. The gender inflection appears explicitly when in the context of an inflectied adjective. With the feminine nouns such as cidade ("city"; plural cidades), the adjective meaning "beautiful" (currently written generically as belo in dictionaries) would become cidade bela, cidades belas ("beautiful city/cities"). Likewise, this works with a masculine noun such as carro ("car"; plural carros): carro belo, carros belos ("beautiful car/cars").
The Portuguese language as a rule determines that the plural of nouns, when covering individuals of the feminine and masculine gender, is made based on the generic masculine: a collective of vinte alunas ("twenty female students") and dez alunos ("ten male students"), is said as trinta alunos ("thirty students"). This form of plural formation is considered sexist by certain groups and individuals, resulting in proposals for a neutral gender to be adopted, such as "thirty children" (trinta menines).
A similar known neopronoun in Portuguese is ile, also called sistema ile ("ile system"), was popularized in 2020. The systems happen to be same when applying neolanguage beyond pronouns, they use <-e> suffixes.
References
Other websites
Guide to "Gender Neutral Language" (PT-BR)
"X" e o "@" are not a solution: Elu System | Gender-Neutral Language
Non-binary or neutral language
Pronouns
Gender
Portuguese language
Paul Signac

Paul Signac (11 November 1863 - 15 August 1935) was a French neo-impressionist painter. His work with Georges Seurat helped create the pointillist style of painting.
French painters
1863 births
1935 deaths
Ultramarine

Ultramarine is a blue pigment, and the name of a blue colour. The pigment is found naturally. It is ground down from a mineral called Lazurite, the main component of lapis lazuli. The colour is due to the presence of S-3 anions (trisulfur).
Synthetic ultramarine
Synthetic ultramarine is a more vivid blue than natural ultramarine, since the particles in synthetic ultramarine are smaller and more uniform than natural ultramarine and therefore diffuse light more evenly.
Artificial, like natural, ultramarine has a magnificent blue colour. Since it is not affected by light or contact with oil or lime, it is used in painting.
A small addition of zinc-white (zinc oxide) causes the colour to become less vivid (~bright). Synthetic ultramarine, invented in the 1820s, is very cheap. It is largely used for wall painting, the printing of paperhangings and calico. It is also used to correct the yellowish tinge found in things meant to be white, such as linen, paper, etc. Bluing or "laundry blue" is a solution of synthetic ultramarine (sometimes, prussian blue) that is used for this purpose when washing white clothes. Large amounts are used in making paper, especially the kind of pale blue writing paper popular in Britain. During World War I, the RAF painted the outer roundels with a colour based on ultramarine blue. This became BS 108(381C) Aircraft Blue. It was replaced in the 1960s by a new color based on phthalocyanine blue, BS110(381C) Roundel Blue.
Comparison of green, teal, blue and ultramarine
Related pages
List of colors
Blue
Indigo
Navy blue
Prussian blue
References
Pigments
Mentone, Texas

Mentone is a census-designated place in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of and only town in Loving County. In 2007, 56 people lived there. It was named for an abandoned city in Loving County, which has been named by a surveyor for his city of birth, Menton, France.
Mentone has a 2020 population of 22. It is also the county seat of Loving County. Mentone is currently declining at a rate of 0.00% annually and its population has decreased by 0.00% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 22 in 2010.
References
County seats in Texas
Cities in Texas
Sayyid

Syed or Sayyid or Sayed is a title of honour and respect in Islam. It is originally a word from the Arabic language which means 'Sir' or 'Mister' or 'Honourable Person'.
However, the word is now also used in different parts of the world by Muslims to refer specially to a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. For example, if someone is called a 'Syed/Sayyid' in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Afghanistan, Indonesia, Malaysia etc., then that person is descended from the prophet of Islam.
Afghanistan
In Afghanistan, Sadat (Sayyids) are recognized as an ethnic group. On 13 March 2019, addressing the Sadat gathering at the presidential palace (Arg), President Ashraf Ghani said that he will issue a decree on the inclusion of Sadat ethnic group in new electronic national identity card (e-NIC).
President Ashraf Ghani decreed mentioning 'Sadat tribe' in the electronic national identity on 15 March 2019.
Sayyids of the north are generally located in Balkh and Kunduz; while in the east they can be found in Nangarhar. While most are Sunni Muslims, some in the Bamiyan province are Shi'a.
References
Middle East
Islamic terminology
Arabic words and phrases
Henlopen Acres, Delaware

Henlopen Acres is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Towns in Sussex County, Delaware
Nagoya University

, also known as , is a university in Nagoya, Japan. Its first name was "Nagoya Imperial University".
Six alumni and faculties of Nagoya University have received the Nobel Prize.
Hiroshi Amano, 2014 Physics.
Isamu Akasaki, 2014 Physics
Makoto Kobayashi, 2008 Physics.
Toshihide Maskawa, 2008 Physics.
Osamu Shimomura, 2008 Chemistry.
Ryoji Noyori, 2001 Chemistry.
Related pages
List of national universities in Japan
Colleges and universities in Japan
Nagoya
Biryani

Biryani, biriani, beryani or beriani is an Indian dish that comes in set of rice-based foods made with spices, rice (usually basmati) and meat, fish, eggs or vegetables. The name comes from the Persian word berya(n) which means "fried" or "roasted".
The cooking method of biryani came from Iran. It was brought to the Indian subcontinent by Iranian travelers and merchants. In India, the recipe of biryani developed to its current form. Local variants of this dish are popular not only in South Asia but also in Bangladesh, Southeast Asia, Arabia, and within various South Asian communities in Western countries.
Ingredients
The spices and condiments used in biryani may include, but are not limited to, ghee, nutmeg, mace, cumin, pepper, cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, bay leaves, coriander, mint leaves, ginger, onions, and garlic. The premium varieties include saffron. For a non-vegetarian biryani, the main ingredient with the spices is the meat--beef, chicken, goat, lamb, fish or shrimp. The dish may be served with dahi chutney or raita, korma, curry, a sour dish of eggplant (brinjal), boiled egg and salad.
Biryani and pullao are different. In biryani the rice (plain or fried) is cooked separately from the thick sauce (curry of meat or vegetables). The curry and the rice are then brought together and layered. This makes a dish with contrasting flavors of rice, sauce and meat or vegetables.
References
Other websites
Persian food
Indian food
Rice dishes
Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne

Margaret Lucas Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (born in 1623 and died on 15 December 1673) was an English aristocrat, philosopher, poet, scientist, fiction-writer, and playwright during the 17th century. She wrote on many topics, such as gender, power, manners, scientific method, and philosophy.
British nobility
Karolos Trikolidis

Karolos Trikolidis (24 July 1947 - 20 January 2022) (, ) was an Austrian-born Greek conductor. He was born in Bad Aussee, Austria. He worked at 1st Kapellmeister at many Opera houses in West Germany and Hungary. He was permanent conductor of the Ballet National de Marseille "Roland Petit". He also worked for Iceland Symphony Orchestra and was general music director of the Debrecen Philharmonic Orchestra.
Trikolidis died on 20 January 2022 at the age of 74.
References
1947 births
2022 deaths
Greek people
Austrian conductors
Exciton

An exciton is an electron bound to an electron hole. It is neutrally charged (because the negative charge of the electron is balanced by the positive charge of the electron hole) and is a quasiparticle.
Physics
Adam Zagajewski

Adam Zagajewski (21 June 1945 - 21 March 2021) was a Polish poet, novelist, translator, and essayist. He was awarded the 2004 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. He was thought to be a leading poet of the Generation of '68, or Polish New Wave (Polish: Nowa fala), and one of Poland's most well known contemporary poets.
Zagajewski died on 21 March 2021 at the age of 75 in Krakow.
References
1945 births
2021 deaths
Polish poets
Polish essayists
Polish translators
People from Lviv
Charlie Hunnam

Charles Matthew Hunnam (born 10 April 1980) is an English actor. He is best known for playing Jackson "Jax" Teller in the FX drama series Sons of Anarchy (2008-2014). He has also had roles as Nathan Maloney in the Channel 4 drama Queer as Folk (1999-2000) and Lloyd Haythe in the Fox comedy series Undeclared (2001-2002). He has appeared in movies such as Nicholas Nickleby (2002), Green Street (2005), Pacific Rim (2013), The Lost City of Z (2017), King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017) and The Gentlemen (2019).
Hunnam was born in Newcastle, Tyne and Wear. He was married to actress Katharine Towne from 1999 to 2002. He has been dating artist Morgana McNelis since 2005.
References
Other websites
1980 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Varaville

Varaville is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
References
Communes in Calvados
Moabite Notebook

Moabite Notebook () is a 1968 Soviet drama movie directed by Leonid Kvinikhidze. It stars Rafkat Bikchentayev, Aivars Bogdanovics, and Pyotr Chernov.
Actors
Rafkat Bikchentayev as Shafi
Aivars Bogdanovics as Timmermans (as Ayvars Bogdanovich)
Pyotr Chernov as Musa Jalil
Ildar Khairulin as Zayni
Khavza Mingashudinova as Idrisi
Laimonas Noreika as Rosenberg
Azgar Shakirov as Abdulla
References
Other websites
1968 drama movies
Soviet drama movies
Movies directed by Leonid Kvinikhidze
Tōhoku region

The is one of Japan's traditional regions. The Japanese conventions of geography and history divide the nation into eight regions, including the Tohoku region. These have been used since 1905 as basic units for description and comparison and as cultural markers.
The regions of Japan are a fusion of historical divisions and modern administrative needs. The significance of the region in Japan is geographical, cultural and administrative.
History
In the late 7th century, the Tosando region were identified as one of the eight largest administrative areas of the Imperial system (ritsuryo seido).
Gokishichido is an ancient system of names for parts of the country, including Tosando. Tohoku covers the northern area of the island of Honshu in roughly the same area as the traditional Tosando.
In the Meiji period, the modern regional system was made by Imperial decree. Japan was divided into regions (chiho ), including the Tohoku region. A regional council (chiho gyosei kyogisai) was headed by the governor of the most powerful prefecture in the regional grouping. The council also included regional chiefs of central government ministries.
Over time, Tohoku has developed its own regional dialects, customs and unique traditional culture. Tohoku is famous for farming. Now a lot of kinds of vegetable are grown.
The Tohoku University was built in 1907.
In 2011, Tohoku was struck with a very strong earthquake and tsunami. It caused a lot of damage. Now, people in Japan do their best for the complete revival of Tohoku.
Geography
The region occupies the northeastern part of Honshu, which is the largest Japanese island.
Tohoku Prefectures
The region has six prefectures. From north to south, they are:
Aomori Prefecture
Iwate Prefecture
Akita Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture
Fukushima Prefecture
Related pages
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami
Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles
References
Other websites
Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Geography of Japan
Honshu
The O.C.

The O.C. is an American teenage drama television series based in Orange County, California. It was on for 4 seasons between August 5, 2003 and February 22, 2007.
Other websites
2003 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
2000s American drama television series
2000s soap operas
2000s teen television series
American soap operas
American teen television series
Television series set in California
English-language television programs
Víctor Paredes Guerra

Victor Felipe Paredes Guerra (20 April 1944 - 26 January 2022) was a Peruvian academic and politician. He was in the Congress of the Republic of Peru from 1990 to 1992 and was its President from 1990 to 1991. He was also Minister of Health from 1991 to 1993 during the Alberto Fujimori government. He was born in Lima, Peru.
Paredes Guerra died in Lima on 26 January 2022, at the age of 77.
References
1994 births
2022 deaths
Politicians from Lima
Chris Stewart

Christopher Stewart (born 27 March 1951) is an English musician and writer. He was the first drummer for rock band Genesis. He is now a writer and a farmer.
Stewart went to school with Tony Banks, Peter Gabriel, Mike Rutherford, and Anthony Phillips. The five of them formed a band called Anon. This band eventually became Genesis in January 1967. Stewart appears on the band's first two singles, "The Silent Sun"/"That's Me" and "A Winter's Tale"/"One-Eyed Hound".
Stewart was asked to leave the band in the summer of 1968 because he was not skilled enough. He was replaced by John Silver. After traveling and working throughout Europe, Stewart settled and bought a farm named "El Valero" in Andalusia, Spain.
He is now better known for his autobiograpical books: Driving Over Lemons: An Optimist in Andalucia (1999, ) and the sequels, A Parrot In The Pepper Tree () and The Almond Blossom Appreciation Society (2006, ). They are all about his work farming in Spain.
References
Other websites
Official website
Biography and news
British autobiographers
English drummers
Genesis members
English writers
1950 births
Living people
Banjengan

Banjengan is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia.
Villages in Central Java
Gamut

In computer graphics and photography, the gamut, or color gamut , is a certain subset of colors. Most often it is a subset of colors, which can be accurately represented by some output device.
Another sense refers to the complete set of colors found within an image.
Introduction
The term gamut was adopted from music, where in middle age Latin "gamut" meant the entire range of musical notes of which musical melodies are composed. In the 1850s, the term was used for a range of colors or hue, for example by Thomas De Quincey, who wrote "Porphyry, I have heard, runs through as large a gamut of hues as marble."
In color theory, the gamut of a device is the portion of the color space that it can show.
When certain colors cannot be presented within a particular color model, those colors are said to be out of gamut.
While processing a digital image, an image is usually recorded in RGB color model. When printing such image has to be converted from an original RGB color space to the printer's CMYK color space. During this process, the colors, which are out of printer's gamut are converted to the in-gamut colors. So, the final image is an approximation of the original one.
Representation of gamuts
Gamuts are commonly represented as areas in the full visible range of colors. The full range of colors is usually shown as CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram shaped like a horseshoe.
The gamut depends on the brightness. So a full gamut is represented in 3D space.
Comparison of gamut of some devices
The list contains some typical devices, wich show pictures, ranging from large to small color gamut:
Laser video projector uses three lasers to produce the broadest gamut available today. Because lasers produce truly monochromatic primaries. More than three lasers can be used together to increase the gamut range.
Photographic film can reproduce a larger color gamut than typical television or computer.
CRT displays have a roughly triangular color gamut, which covers a large portion of the visible color space. In CRTs, the limitations are due to the phosphors in the screen which produce red, green, and blue light.
Printing typically uses the CMYK color space (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). Efforts have been made to expand the gamut of the printing process by adding inks of non-primary colors.
A monochrome display's color gamut is a one-dimensional curve in color space.
References
Other websites
Using the Chromaticity Diagram for Color Gamut Evaluation by Bruce Lindbloom.
Color Gamut Mapping book by Jan Morovic.
Quantifying Color Gamut by William D. Kappele
Stanford University CS 178 interactive Flash demo explaining color gamut mapping.
Color model
Willi Schulz

Willi Schulz (born 4 October 1938) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1963-64||rowspan="2"|Schalke||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||25||0
|-
|1964-65||27||2
|-
|1965-66||rowspan="8"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="8"|Bundesliga||24||0
|-
|1966-67||30||2
|-
|1967-68||28||1
|-
|1968-69||27||0
|-
|1969-70||28||0
|-
|1970-71||14||0
|-
|1971-72||31||0
|-
|1972-73||29||0
263||5
263||5
International career statistics
|-
|1959||1||0
|-
|1960||3||0
|-
|1961||3||0
|-
|1962||7||0
|-
|1963||4||0
|-
|1964||3||0
|-
|1965||5||0
|-
|1966||13||0
|-
|1967||8||0
|-
|1968||7||0
|-
|1969||7||0
|-
|1970||5||0
|-
!Total||66||0
|}
References
1938 births
Living people
German footballers
People from Bochum
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Donna Summer

Donna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 - May 17, 2012), known by her stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer-songwriter. She was an African American Christian who was born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts. She became famous during the disco era in the 1970s and became a pop icon. She died of lung cancer in Englewood, Florida. In 1982 she released a single with Michael Jackson, Lionel Richie, and Stevie Wonder called "State of Independence". She became known for songs like "Hot Stuff", "Last Dance", and "She Works Hard for the Money".
In 1974, Summer married Helmuth Sommer (which led to her stage name Summer) but divorced him two years later. She married Bruce Sudano in 1990 and had two children with him.
Discography
Studio albums
Lady of the Night (1974)
Love to Love You Baby (1975)
A Love Trilogy (1976)
Four Seasons of Love (1976)
I Remember Yesterday (1977)
Once Upon A Time (1977)
Bad Girls (1979)
The Wanderer (1980)
I'm a Rainbow (1981)
Donna Summer (1982)
She Works Hard for the Money (1983)
Cat Without Claws (1984)
All Systems Go (1987)
Another Place and Time (1989)
Mistaken Identity (1991)
Christmas Spirit (1994)
Crayons (2008)
References
Other websites
1948 births
2012 deaths
African American musicians
American Christians
American R&B singers
American disco singers
American soul singers
American singer-songwriters
Cancer deaths in Florida
Deaths from lung cancer
Disco
Grammy Award winners
Writers from Boston
Singers from Boston
People from Naples, Florida
Mohabbatein

Mohabbatein () is a 2000 Hindi language musical romantic movie directed by Aditya Chopra and produced by Yash Chopra. The film has Amitabh Bachchan, Shahrukh Khan and Aishwarya Rai in the lead with six new debutants playing the supporting roles. The movie went to become superhit at the box office. The movie also won two awards.
Sypnopsis
The story follows Raj aiding three Gurukul students and their love interests to rebel against Narayan's intolerance of love.
Cast
Amitabh Bachchan as Narayan Shankar
Shahrukh Khan as Raj Aryan Malhotra
Aishwarya Rai as Megha Shankar
Uday Chopra as Vikram "Vicky" Oberoi/Kapoor
Jimmy Shergill as Karan Chaudhry
Jugal Hansraj as Sameer Sharma
Shamita Shetty as Ishika Dhanrajgir
Kim Sharma as Sanjana
Preeti Jhangiani as Kiran
Amrish Puri as Maj. Gen. Khanna, Kiran's father-in-law
Shefali Shah as Nandini, Kiran's sister-in-law
Parzan Dastur as Ayush, Nandini's son
Saurabh Shukla as Sanjana's father
Anupam Kher as Kake
Archana Puran Singh as Preeto
Helen as Miss Monica
Awards
Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor (Shahrukh Khan)
Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor (Amitabh Bachchan)
IIFA Awards - Best Costume Design (Karan Johar)
IIFA Awards - Best Story (Aditya Chopra)
Screen Award - Best Lyrics (Anand Bakshi)
Sansui Viewer Choice Movie Awards - Best Actor (Shahrukh Khan)
Soundtrack
The movie's music were done by Jatin Lalit while lyrics were written by Anand Bakshi. The music of the movie became the most sold album of 2000.
Tracklist
References
Other websites
2000s Indian movies
2000 movies
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas

Botafogo F.R. is a football club which plays in Brazil.
Honors
Serie A : 1
1995
Football clubs in Rio de Janeiro
1904 establishments in South America
1900s establishments in Brazil
Vince Cellini

Vince Cellini (born June 10, 1959) is a sportscaster. He was the preseason play-by-play announcer for the Atlanta Falcons. He also was a studio host for Golf Channel and is a reporter/interviewer for Golf on TNT. Cellini started his career at WJW-TV as a sports anchor. He also hosted Calling All Sports and CNN Sports Illustrated and was an anchor on CNN Sports Illustrated. He was also a studio host for NFL on TNT, NBA on TNT, and the NBA on TBS. He currently is a studio host for NBA TV. He hosted two shows on NASCAR.com: Fantasy Showdown and The Preview Show. In the summer of 2011, he co-hosted Par Three Shootout. He has also hosted Hawks Live, a pregame show for the Atlanta Hawks since 2010 and covered the Atlanta Braves and Atlanta Thrashers.
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National Hockey League broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
Golf broadcasters
1959 births
Sportspeople from Cleveland
Living people
Colleen Clinkenbeard

Colleen Clinkenbeard is an American voice actress. She is known for voicing Luffy in One Piece, Erza in Fairy Tail and Muffin Heeler in Bluey.
Living people
American voice actors
Nestor Forster

Nestor Jose Forster Junior (born 10 April 1963) is a Brazilian diplomat. He was nominated by President Jair Bolsonaro as the Brazilian Ambassador to the United States in 2019 and presented his diplomatic credentials to the United States government in December 2020.
References
1963 births
Living people
Ambassadors to the United States
Brazilian politicians
Fresnoy

Fresnoy is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Swedish alphabet

The Swedish alphabet () consists of nearly the same letters as the English alphabet except for the three extra letters in the end being A a, A a, O o.
These letters can be found on words such as:
Al (meaning eel)
Applen (meaning apples)
Oppna (meaning open)
While the Swedish alphabet uses all of the letters of the English alphabet, the letters Q, W, and Z are only used in words borrowed from other languages (e.g. Qatar, websidda, zebra).
Alphabets
Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – 4 × 100 metres relay

The 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letna Stadium, from 7 to 8 September.
Results
Heats
The heats took place on Sunday 7 September as the last event of the day, with bad weather conditions. The top two nations of each heat qualified for the final.
Heat 1
Heat 2
Heat 3
Final
The final took place on 8 September 1930.
Sources:
The names in italic are highly likely the runners of these nations, as these sprinters are the nations' main 100 metres athletes at the Games.
References
Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games