pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Botswana

Botswana (officially called the Republic of Botswana) is a country in southern Africa. The capital of Botswana is Gaborone.
History
The first people in Botswana's territory were the Khoe and San people. Botswana was first formed as the Bechuanaland Protectorate by the British Empire in 1885.
Geography
The countries that border Botswana are Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Namibia. It is also possible to travel from Botswana directly into Zambia by crossing the Zambezi River by ferry.
Botswana is landlocked. All of Botswana's trade must be brought in over land or by airplane.
The two most important geographical features in Botswana are the Okavango Delta and the Kalahari Desert.
Divisions
Botswana is divided into 10 districts:
Southern District
South-East District
Kweneng District
Kgatleng District
Central District
North-East District
Ngamiland District
Kgalagadi District
Chobe District
Ghanzi District
Culture
People from Botswana are called Batswana. The population of Botswana is about 2.2 million. This is only 2.7 persons per km2, a small number for a country of this size. This is because most of the country is desert and very dry.
Botswana has two official languages: Setswana and English. Setswana is the national language (also called Tswana).
Governance
Botswana is a democracy. The people vote for their political leaders. Those leaders vote for the president. In 2008 Ian Khama became the fourth president of Botswana.
President Khama won elections in 2009 and 2014. The current President of Botswana is Dr. Eric K. Mokgweetsi who took over from Dr. Ian Khama Seretse Khama in 2018.
Economy
The economy of Botswana has been growing very fast since it became an independent country in 1966. The people of Botswana have had the world's fastest growth in standard of living since that time.
Botswana's economy comes mostly from mining. This includes diamonds, metals (including copper) and minerals (including salt). Botswana is the highest producer of diamonds by value in the world. In 1999, Botswana produced over 30 million carats (6,000 kg) of diamonds from the three Debswana mines. That is about 25% of worldwide production. There has been an agreement with De Beers since 1969. In 2023 a new agreement was made giving the country more of the diamonds - 30% in 2023, 40% from 2028 and 50% from 2033.
Tourism is also important to the country. Many people come to Botswana each year to see its wildlife.
The currency of Botswana is called the pula (which means rain). It is made up of 100 thebe (which means shield). In 2017, one US dollar was about 10.32 pulas.
In popular culture
The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency books by Alexander McCall Smith are set in Botswana. The HBO television series based on the books was filmed in Botswana.
Gallery
Related pages
Botswana at the Olympics
Botswana national football team
List of rivers of Botswana
References
Other websites
Botswana Newspapers
English-speaking countries
1966 establishments
1960s establishments in Africa
Commonwealth member states
John Ireland

John Ireland (born near Manchester, 13 August 1879; died Washington, Sussex, 12 June 1962) was an English composer. He is particularly remembered for his Piano Concerto and for his church music, especially the anthem Greater love hath no man, the song The Holy Boy and the hymn tune to My song is love unknown. He had an unhappy childhood, and he always felt unsure of himself and rather lonely.
Life
John Ireland was born in Bowdon, Greater Manchester. His father, who was 70 years old, was a publisher who owned a newspaper. He had married for a second time after his wife had died, and John was the youngest of five children from the second marriage. His mother was 30 years younger than her husband. When John was 14 his mother died, and his father died the next year.
John Ireland studied piano and organ at the Royal College of Music. Later he also had composition lessons from Charles Villiers Stanford. He later became a teacher at the College himself. His pupils included the composers Alan Bush and
Geoffrey Bush (who were not related), Ernest Moeran and Benjamin Britten. Geoffrey Bush later helped to prepare a lot of Ireland's works for publication. Ireland mostly made his living as an organist and choirmaster.
Ireland enjoyed going to the Channel Islands. He liked the landscapes there. He was evacuated from them just before the German invasion during World War II.
John Ireland married once, but his marriage only lasted a few months.
On 10 September 1949, his 70th birthday was celebrated in a special Prom concert. The soloist in the Piano Concerto was the pianist Eileen Joyce, who later made the first gramophone recording of the concerto.
Ireland retired in 1953. He moved to a tiny village in Sussex, where he lived in an old windmill which had been changed into a home.
He died aged 82 in Washington, Sussex of heart failure.
Music
John Ireland was never much influenced by folksong like many other English composers of his time. His music is more related to Impressionism. He liked the music of French composers such as Debussy and Ravel as well as Igor Stravinsky and Bartok. His Piano Concerto is one of his best works. It shows that he developed his own personal style of harmony. Most of his other good works are short pieces, including many for piano solo. His best-known piece is the song The Holy Boy. It is heard in many different arrangements. His songs to poems by A. E. Housman, Thomas Hardy, Christina Rossetti, John Masefield, Rupert Brooke and others, are among some of the best English art songs.. He also wrote hymns, carols, and other sacred choral music; among choirs he is probably best known for the anthem Greater love hath no man, often sung in services that remember the victims of war. Another choral work, These things shall be expresses his deepest hopes for mankind, although in his last years he said that he hated the work.
References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980;
Other websites
The John Ireland Trust
1879 births
1962 deaths
20th-century English composers
English organists
Cody, Wyoming

Cody is a city in Park County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 10,028 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Park County.
References
Cities in Wyoming
County seats in Wyoming
Park County, Wyoming
Garyala

Garyala is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at 34deg16'0N 72deg13'0E and has a height of 317 metres (1043 feet).
References
Union Councils of Mardan District
Hainburg

Hainburg is a village in the Offenbach Rural District in the state of Hesse, Germany.
Geography
Hainburg is in the Rhine Main area. The village is about 20 km southeast of Frankfurt. The municipality is 15.95 km2 large and it is 90 m above sea level. It is a flat area with no hills.
About 20 to 35 million years ago in the Age of Tertiary the whole region was below sea level. At that time it was covered by an ocean which was warm and not very deep. Lots of sediment sank to the bottom. Then the region rose again and the water receded, leaving soil which is mostly sandy.
The village consists out of the two former independent villages Hainstadt and Klein-Krotzenburg, which are now the two districts of Hainburg. On 1 January 1977 they were united.
Hainburg's neighbors are:
Hanau and Grosskrotzenburg (North) (both Main-Kinzig-Kreis Rural District)
Kahl and Karlstein (East) (both Aschaffenburg Rural District)
Seligenstadt (South)
Rodgau and Obertshausen (West)
Hainburg has 14,528 inhabitants (2008). The climate of the town is mild. There is less rain than in other parts of Germany.
Some local people speak a regional German dialect language with a certain intonation and some different words (slang). It is a Hessian dialect (German: Hessisch). This type of dialect is related to other dialects in southern Germany. A long time ago, almost every town had its own special dialect, making it hard to understand for people from other parts of Germany. Today people who speak this dialect are in the minority and the majority of them do not speak the real dialect. They speak regular German with a special pronunciation of certain words.
History
In the 12th century the names of both villages Hainstadt and Crutzenburch (Krotzenburg) were written down in documents for the first time.
In those times the most people in the Hainburg area were farmers and craftsmen, rather than tradesmen. Every family had land to grow their food. When the property was handed down to the next generation, it was divided among the children. Therefore, most families had only small farms and were poor.
During the industrial revolution many factories were built in the Rhine Main area and it soon developed into a center for the metal business and leather manufacturing, as well as chemical engineering. Many men learned these trades and found jobs in the factories to earn money. This helped improve living conditions somewhat.
Twinned cities
Vernouillet, France
Alberndorf im Pulkautal, Austria
Retz, Austria
Trumau, Austria
References
Other websites
Official website of Hainburg, looked up on 21 January 2010, German.
, looked up on 21 January 2010, German.
Municipalities in Hesse
Offenbach (district)
Veto

A right of veto means that somebody can stop decisions or legislation.
For example, the President of the United States has veto power over the USA's Congress. This can stop legislation from being passed. If the President vetoes a bill passed by the Congress, it only becomes a law if Congress passes it again, this time with at least twice as many members of each of the two houses voting for it than voting against it.
Similarly, the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, China, Russia and France) each has veto power. Using this, they can stop the Security Council's decisions from being passed and becoming resolutions unless they all agree to them. These vetoes cannot be overturned by any more voting on that resolution; if there is a need to address the same issue again in the future, a new and separate resolution must be written, passed, and not vetoed.
The veto was invented in ancient times for the Roman tribunes so they could protect the people from bad laws made by the Roman Senate.
Related pages
Line-item veto
Other websites
Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview (report) by Kevin R. Kosar
Senate Reference Webpage on Vetoes, which includes lists of vetoes from 1789 to the current day.
Government
NATO reporting name

"NATO reporting names" are a system of code names for military aircraft and other equipment used by the militaries of Russia, the rest of the former Soviet Union, other former Warsaw Pact countries, and China. The system helps communications in the military which may be confusing or unknown in the western world.
References
Other websites
Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles
Aerospace Web
Military aviation
Gil Jae

Gil Jae or Kil Jae (1353 1419) was a Korean scholar, politician, educator, and poet.
Works
Yaeunjip (yaeunjib, Ye Yin Ji )
Yaeuneonhaengseubyu (yaeuneonhaengseubyu, Ye Yin Yan Xing Shi Yi )
Yaeunsokjip (yaeunsogjib, Ye Yin Xu Ji )
Related pages
Jeong Do-jeon
Jeong Mong-ju
Other websites
http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=30262
http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=688666
http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=551587
1353 births
1419 deaths
Korean educators
Korean politicians
Murder victims
Korean writers
August Starek

August Starek (born 16 February 1945) is a former international Austrian footballer and football manager.
Career
Starek played for 1. Simmeringer SC from 1963 to 1965. There made his senior debut in the first league. In 1964-65 he played in the Regionalliga Ost (then Second league) Simmeringer became champion.
1965 he moved to SK Rapid Wien in the Nationalliga. He made his debut on 21 August 1965 (1st matchday). He scored his first league goal with the goal to make it 1-1 in the 45th minute. At the end of his second season he was top scorer of Rapid and in the league with 21 goals.
For the 1967/68 season he moved to 1. FC Nurnberg. At the end of the season he won the title of German champion with FCN. 1968 he went to FC Bayern Munich and won again the German title.
In 1970/71 he played again for SK Rapid, in 1971/72 again for 1. FC Nurnberg and in 1972/72 73 for the Linzer ASK. From 1973 to 1980 he played for three Viennese clubs. With Rapid he won the cup in 1976 and was runner-up the following year. With the Wiener Sport-Club he was runner-up again in 1979. With the First Vienna FC 1894 he got relegated in 1980 and then ended his playing career at the age of 35.
National team
Starek played 22 times for the Austrian national football team and scored four goals. He debuted on 1 May 1968 in Linz in a 1-1 draw against Romania. His last match was on 28 September 1974 in Vienna in a 1-0 win over Hungary. He scored his first goal on 6 November 1968 in Glasgow in the 1-2 defeat by Scotland.
Manager
After his playing career he became manager.His first coaching position was at SV Austria Salzburg for a year. He coached Grazer AK for another year and FC Admira/Wacker for three years. From 1985 to 1987 he was assistant coach of the Austrian national team and head coach of the Austrian U-21s.
His time at FK Austria Vienna lasted only four months. This was followed by coaching positions at SK Sturm Graz (1989 to 1991) and SK Rapid Wien (1991 to 1993). From 1994 to 1996 he coached VfB Leipzig in Germany. With the coaching activity in GAK and FC Karnten, his coaching life ended in 1999 without title.
Other websites
Profile - Rapidarchiv
Profile - Austria-Archiv
References
1945 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Austrian football managers
Sportspeople from Vienna
Players of the Austrian national football team
SK Rapid Wien players
LASK managers
Association football midfielders
Austrian Football Bundesliga top scorers
FC Bayern Munchen players
Buena Vista, Virginia

Buena Vista ( ) is an independent city located in the Blue Ridge Mountains region of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,650.
History
Formerly named "Hart's Bottom", "Green Forest" or "Green Valley" until 1888, and chartered as a town in 1890, Buena Vista was granted a city charter on February 15, 1892.
Early history
Founded by Benjamin C. Moomaw in the late 1800s, the town consisted only of a simple tannery at the intersection of two railroads and a canal. The Richmond and Alleghany Railroad and the Shenandoah Valley Railroad,
Education
Buena Vista is home to Southern Virginia University, which had an enrollment of 928 full-time students in the fall of 2017.
References
Other websites
City of Buena Vista official website
Buena Vista, Virginia Community News
Lexington-Rockbridge-Buena Vista Tourism
Cities in Virginia
1890s establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Virginia
Laarne

Laarne is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders. In 2007, 11,768 people lived there. It is at 51deg 01 North, 03deg 51 East.
References
Municipalities of East Flanders
Bedford, Kentucky

Bedford is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
Neijia

, literally "internal family", is a term in Chinese martial arts, grouping those styles that practice
, literally "internal strength", usually translated as internal martial arts, occupied with spiritual, mental or qi-related aspects, as opposed to an "external" ) approach focused on physiological aspects. The distinction dates to the 17th century, but its modern application is due to publications by Sun Lutang, dating to the period of 1915 to 1928.
Nei jing is developed by using neigong, or "internal exercises," as opposed to wai gong, "external exercises."
Neijia is a broad term used mistakenly in the West as a synonym for the more specific Wudangquan styles, named for their association with the Taoist monasteries of Wudangshan range, Hubei Province in Chinese popular legend. These styles are enumerated by Sun Lutang as Taijiquan, Xingyiquan and Baguazhang, but must also include Bajiquan and the legendary Wudang Sword. Some other Chinese arts, not in the Wudangquan group, such as Liuhebafa, Bak Mei Pai, Bok Foo Pai and Yiquan are frequently classified (or classify themselves) as "internal".
Related pages
Waijia
Dantian
Neidan
Neo-Confucianism
Taijitu
Other websites
Neigong.net is a site devoted to original texts of Neigong, Qigong and Neijia
Defining the Internal Martial Arts
Internal vs. External, What Sets Them Apart?
Neijia FAQ
Glossary of Neijia Terms with Chinese characters
Chinese martial arts
Brookport, Illinois

Brookport is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
Of Human Bondage

Of Human Bondage is a 1934 movie starring Bette Davis and Leslie Howard. It is based on a book by W. Somerset Maugham.
Movies based on books
1934 movies
English-language movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies directed by John Cromwell
Aleksandr Kapto

Aleksandr Semenovich Kapto (April 14, 1933 - April 19, 2020) was a Russian-Ukrainian scientist, sociologist, political scientist, journalist and politician. In 2008, he became head of the UNESCO International Board of the Institute of Socio-Political Research under the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). He was born in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, USSR.
He was a Soviet Ambassador to Cuba from 1985 to 1990, and the last Soviet and first Russian Ambassador to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Related pages
List of sociologists from Europe
References
Russian politicians
Russian journalists
Russian sociologists
1933 births
2020 deaths
Ambassadors of Russia
Russian political scientists
Viola Muir

Viola Muir is an archer from Canada. She competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Muir was born on 4 November 1934.
References
Other websites
1934 births
Living people
Canadian archers
Meenad

Meenad is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India. It is just 6 km away from Paravur.
Demographics
India census, Meenad had a population of 29497 with 14087 males and 15410 females.
Transport
Meenad is well connected with Paravur Town and Chathannoor. The well furnished Paravur-Chathannoor road is passing through Meenad. The proximity of this place to Paravur Railway Station and National Highway-47 makes Meenad a major residential area in the district.
Paravur Railway Station is an 'Adersh Railway Station', so a good number of important daily trains have halts here.
References
Villages in Kollam district
Score voting

Score voting is a way of electing candidates, in which the voters score each candidate on a scale of 0 to 5 (or another scale), and after adding up the points given to each candidate by all voters, the candidate with the most points wins. It is used in elections without proportional representation.
Approval voting is a form of Score voting that uses a scale of 0 to 1.
Related pages
STAR voting
References
Elections
Voting systems
Lester Maddox

Lester Garfield Maddox Sr. (September 30, 1915 - June 25, 2003) was an American politician and white supremacist who was the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. He was a Democrat and supporter for racial segregation. He was Lieutenant Governor during the period when Jimmy Carter was Governor.
References
1915 births
2003 deaths
Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)
Lieutenant Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Politicians from Atlanta
Businesspeople from Atlanta
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
White supremacists
Warren, Virginia

Warren is an unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia.
Walker House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
References
Unincorporated communities in Virginia
Interstate 41

Interstate 41 (I-41) is a highway in the Midwestern states of Wisconsin and Illinois in the United States. The highway goes north-south from Russell, Illinois to Howard, Wisconsin. The highway also goes through the Wisconsin cities of Green Bay, Oshkosh, Fond du Lac, and Milwaukee. The highway also connects to other major highways, such as I-94 and I-43.
References
41
Böblingen

Boblingen (; Swabian German: Beblenga) is a town in the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg. It is the capital of the district Boblingen. In Boblingen the Panzer Kaserne a US Army Marine (military) Corps Military base, are stationed.
References
Other websites
Official website of the town of Boblingen
Boblingen (district)
Jasminum officinale

Jasminum officinale is the common Jasmine. It is in the family Oleaceae.
It is famous for its scent. It is also known as Poet's Jasmine or jessamine.
Garden history
For thousands of years, the Jasmine has been cultivated not only for the beauty of its small, white, star-like flowers, but also for its intoxicating scent.
It is native to the foothills of the Western Himalayas and the Indus Valley plains of the Pakistani Punjab. The plant was cultivated and brought to the rest of the Indian subcontinent, China, the Middle East and other regions of Asia. From there, it spread into France, Italy and the Mediterranean, and eventually it was introduced to the rest of Western Europe and Britain. Today, Jasmine is grown and cultivated all over the world in its many varieties.
Since Jasmine has been cultivated all over the world for its flowers and scent, there are different varieties, and each type of Jasmine is associated with different meanings. In Pakistan, Jasmine is a very common plant and one can find it in any garden. Because of its attractive scent, the white Jasmine symbolizes attachment and represents amiability and modesty; therefore, Jasmine is named as the National flower of Pakistan respectively.
References
Plants of Asia
National symbols of Pakistan
Plants of Pakistan
Plants and animals of Kashmir
Oleaceae
Luis Oviedo

Luis Oviedo is a volleyball player from Cuba. Luis competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was born on 24 March 1957.
References
Other websites
1957 births
Living people
Cuban volleyball players
Cuban Olympians
Kleve, Steinburg

Kleve is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
Steinburg (district)
The Eagle Huntress

The Eagle Huntress is a 2016 internationally co-produced Kazakh-language documentary film. It was directed by Otto Bell. It was narrated by executive producer Daisy Ridley. It starts the story of Aisholpan Nurgaiv, a 13-year-old Kazakh girl from Mongolia. where she attempts to become the first female eagle hunter to take part in the eagle festival at Ulgii, Mongolia, established in 1999.
The film was shortlisted for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. However, it was not nominated. It was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Documentary.
The film's soundtrack contains the original song "Angel by the Wings" by Sia. It was released worldwide on 2 December 2016.
Aisholpan stated her desire to study medicine and become a doctor. The filmmakers made Aisholpan and her family "profit participants" in the documentary. It established a fund to help pay for Aisholpan's higher education. They received prize money $3,000 from winning Best Documentary. Later, they donated the money at the Hamptons International Film Festival to this fund.
References
External links
The Eagle Huntress - Soaring Cinematography Featurette
Movies set in Mongolia
British adventure movies
American adventure movies
2016 movies
2016 documentary movies
2010s adventure movies
Tangled Up in Blue

"Tangled Up in Blue" is a 1975 song by Bob Dylan. It is the opening track to his 15th studio album Blood on the Tracks. It went to number 31 in the United States after being released as a single. It was produced by David Zimmermann, Dylan's brother. It has appeared on numerous albums since its release.
References
1975 songs
Bob Dylan songs
Folk rock songs
Intensive care unit

An intensive care unit (ICU), critical care unit (CCU), intensive therapy unit (ITU), or intensive treatment unit (ITU) is a special part of a hospital. Usually, people that are very sick are sent there. They need to be looked at by a nurse or doctor very closely in case they get more sick while at the hospital.
Some ICUs may work with only one type of injuries.
History
In 1854, Florence Nightingale went to the Crimean War. There it was important to separate seriously wounded soldiers from less-seriously wounded. Nightingale reduced death rates from 40% to 2% by creating the concept of intensive care.
Because of a polio epidemic, Bjorn Ibsen established the first intensive care unit in Copenhagen in 1953. Patients with polio require more ventilation than normal; this is why Ibsen set up a special unit for them. The first person to use this idea in the United States was Dr. William Mosenthal, a surgeon at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center.
References
Hospitals
Dassu

Dassu, also spelt Dusso, is a town in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It is the capital of Upper Kohistan District. It has a height of 2440 metres (8008 feet) above sea level. The area has many gemstones.
References
Cities in Pakistan
Chuck Baldwin

Charles O. "Chuck" Baldwin (born May 3, 1952) is a founder-pastor of Crossroad Baptist Church in Pensacola, Florida, and 2008 presidential nominee of the Constitution Party. He was also the Constitution Party nominee for Vice President in 2004.
References
2008 United States presidential candidates
Politicians from Florida
1952 births
Living people
List of seas

The sea is the interconnected system of all the Earth's oceanic waters, including the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern and Arctic Oceans. However, the word "sea" can also be used for many specific, much smaller bodies of seawater, such as the North Sea or the Red Sea.There are 78 seas in the world
List of seas, by ocean
Pacific Ocean
Bering Sea
Gulf of Alaska
Seck Sea (Gulf of California)
Sea of Okhotsk
Sea of Japan
Seto Inland Sea
East China Sea
South China Sea
Beibu Gulf
Sulu Sea
Celebes Sea
Bohol Sea (Mindanao Sea)
Philippine Sea
Flores Sea
Brazilian Sea
Arafura Sea
Tasman Sea
Yellow Sea
Bohai Sea
Coral Sea
Gulf of Carpentaria
Atlantic Ocean
Hudson Bay
James Bay
Baffin Bay init fam
Gulf of St. Lawrence
Gulf of Guinea
Caribbean Sea
Gulf of Mexico
Sargasso Sea
North Sea
Baltic Sea
Gulf of Bothnia
Irish Sea
Celtic Sea
English Channel
Mediterranean Sea
Adriatic Sea
Aegean Sea
Black Sea
Sea of Azov
Ionian Sea
Ligurian Sea
Mirtoon Sea
Tyrrhenian Sea
Gulf of Sidra
Sea of Marmara
Sea of Crete
Balearic Sea
Alboran Sea
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
Gulf of Aden
Persian Gulf
Gulf of Oman
Arabian Sea
Bay of Bengal
Gulf of Thailand
Java Sea
Timor Sea
Gulf of Kutch
Gulf of Khambhat
Arctic Ocean
Barents Sea
Kara Sea
Beaufort Sea
Amundsen Gulf
Greenland Sea
Chukchi Sea
Laptev Sea
East Siberian Sea
Southern Ocean
Amundsen Sea
Weddell Sea
Ross Sea
Great Australian Bight
Gulf St. Vincent
Spencer Gulf
Seas which have land around them (these are landlocked)
Aral Sea
Caspian Sea
Dead Sea
Sea of Galilee (we call this a sea, but it is really a small freshwater lake)
Salton Sea
Seas which are not on Earth
Lunar maria are very big areas on the Moon. In the past, people thought they were water and called them "seas".
Scientists think that there is liquid water under the ground on some moons, for example Europa.
Scientists also think that there are liquid hydrocarbons on Titan.
Basic English 850 words
Geography-related lists
Éterpigny, Somme

Eterpigny is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Harold Godwinson

Harold Godwinson was King Harold II of England (c. 1022 - 14 October 1066). He ruled England after king Edward the Confessor died. He ruled from 5 January 1066 until he was killed at the Battle of Hastings. His death marked the Norman conquest of England and the end of Anglo-Saxon England.
unsourced
Career
Harold was the son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and Gytha, a Danish noblewoman. His sister, Edith, was married to the king he succeeded, Edward the Confessor. About that same time Harold became Earl of East Anglia. When his father died in 1053, Harold inherited his earldom of Wessex.
Elfgar, son of Leofric of Mercia was appointed to replace Harold in East Anglia. Berkshire and Somerset were joined to Wessex again. Wessex itself was, in those days, an enormous amount of land that covered about a third of England. Harold ruled over a large portion of England, making him the most powerful man in the whole kingdom, after the King.
Harold Godwinson had three brothers: Tostig, Swegen and Gryth. He claimed to have been made King by Edward the Confessor. Before Harold Godwinson became king, he swore to help William, Duke of Normandy to become king.
In September 1066 Harold Godwinson defeated an invasion from the north by Harald Hardrada. He returned south to fight Duke William's invasion. He was killed, it is generally assumed, by an arrow shot by one of William's archers, but some reports say he was cut down by many soldiers.
References
1022 births
1066 deaths
Anglo-Saxon royalty
11th century in England
Arthur H. Vandenberg

Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg (March 22, 1884 - April 18, 1951) was an American politician. Vandenberg was known for being part of the creation of the United Nations with Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Vandenberg was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He studied at the University of Michigan.
In 1906, Vandenberg was married to Elizabeth Watson. Watson died in 1917. They had three children. Vandenberg married Hazel Whittaker in 1918. Their marriage lasted until his death in 1951. They had no children.
He was the United States senator of Michigan. He served as senator from 1928 until his death in 1951. He was also the President pro tempore of the United States Senate from 1947 to 1949.
Vandenberg was a member of the Republican Party. He ran for President of the United States in 1948, but lost the primary to Thomas E. Dewey.
Vandenberg died in Grand Rapids, Michigan from cancer, aged 67.
References
Other websites
1884 births
1951 deaths
Cancer deaths in Michigan
Politicians from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
United States senators from Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Caroline Rose Hunt

Caroline Rose Hunt (January 8, 1923 - November 13, 2018) was an American heiress, hotelier and philanthropist.
Biography
At one time the wealthiest woman in the United States. She was known for being the founder of Rosewood Hotels & Resorts, which she founded in 1979. She was born in El Dorado, Arkansas.
Hunt died at her mansion near Dallas on November 13, 2018 from a stroke at the age of 95.
References
1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Philanthropists from Texas
Writers from Arkansas
Businesspeople from Texas
Writers from Dallas
People from El Dorado, Arkansas
Basauri

Basauri is a municipality of 40,535 people (2021). It is in the province of Biscay in the autonomous community of Basque Country in Spain.
The city is part of the Bilbao metropolitan area. It is where the rivers Nervion and Ibaizabal meet.
References
Cities in the Basque Country
Municipalities in the Basque Country
Carie Graves

Carie Brand Graves (June 17, 1953 - December 19, 2021) was an American rower. She won a gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics and a bronze in 1976.
Graves died on December 19, 2021 at the age of 68.
References
1953 births
2021 deaths
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American rowers
Sportspeople from Madison, Wisconsin
Zaltbommel

Zaltbommel is a municipality found in the Dutch province of Gelderland. In 2019, 28,451 people lived there.
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Gelderland
Municipalities of Gelderland
Rand Paul

Rand Paul (born January 7, 1963) is an American politician. He is the United States Senator from Kentucky (serving with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell). He is a Republican and the son of Ron Paul.
Paul is a member of the Tea Party movement.
Paul used to be a doctor.
Paul was diagnosed in 2020 with the coronavirus, one of the first senators with it.
U.S. senator (2011-present)
Paul was sworn in on January 5, 2011, along with his father, who simultaneously served in the House of Representatives.
Rand was assigned to serve on the Energy and Natural Resources, Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, Homeland Security and Government Affairs, and Small Business committees. Paul also formed the Senate Tea Party Caucus.
For the 113th Congress, Paul was added to the Foreign Relations committee and retained his spot on the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, Homeland Security and Government Affairs, and Small Business committees.
On March 6-7, 2013, Paul engaged in a filibuster to delay voting on the nomination of John O. Brennan as the Director of the CIA. Paul questioned the Obama administration's use of drones and the stated legal justification for their potential use within the United States. Paul held the floor for 12 hours and 52 minutes.
In the beginning of 2015, Senator Paul re-introduced the Federal Reserve Transparency Act. Senator Paul also introduced the FAIR Act, or Fifth Amendment Integrity Restoration Act, which would restrict civil forfeiture proceedings.
On May 20, 2015, Paul spoke for ten and a half hours in opposition to the reauthorization of Section 215 of the Patriot Act. Sections of the Patriot Act were prevented from being reauthorized on 1 June.
2016 presidential race
Paul officially announced his candidacy for the 2016 U.S. presidential election on April 7, 2015. He dropped out of the race on February 3, 2016. His run to be the president only received 1 delegate. His campaign was under the Republican Party.
Personal life
Paul married Kelley Ashby in 1990. Together, they have three children.
On November 3, 2017, Paul was assaulted in his home by his 59-year old neighbor. The neighbor was arrested by state troopers, and was subsequently charged with one count of 4th degree assault. Although initial announcements stated that Paul had only minor injuries, subsequent news reports explained that he sustained five broken ribs.
Paul announced on March 22, 2020, that he had tested positive for coronavirus (COVID-19).
References
Other websites
Senator Rand Paul official U.S. Senate website
Rand Paul for President official campaign website
1963 births
Living people
American Presbyterians
Politicians from Pittsburgh
2016 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Kentucky
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Pennsylvania
The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It

The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It (also known as The Conjuring 3) is a 2021 American horror movie directed by Michael Chaves. It is a sequel to The Conjuring (2013) and The Conjuring 2 (2016). It is also the eighth movie in the Conjuring Universe. Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga return to their roles as paranormal hunters and authors Ed and Lorraine Warren.
It was supposed to be released in September 2020, but was delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It was released by Warner Bros. Pictures and New Line Cinema in the United States on June 4, 2021 and through HBO Max at the same time.
The movie had mixed reviews from critics with a 61% on Rotten Tomatoes.
References
2021 horror movies
American supernatural movies
American horror movies
Sequel movies
Warner Bros. movies
HBO Max
Hradec Králové Region

Hradec Kralove Region is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic. The capital city is Hradec Kralove.
Krkonose and Orlicke mountains are in the north of the region. Two thirds of the area of the Krkonose National Park is within the region.
Administrative divisions
Hradec Kralove Region is divided into 5 districts:
Places of interest
Adrspach-Teplice Rocks
Broumov and its monastery
Dvur Kralove Zoo
Hradec Kralove
Josefov Fortress
Kost Castle
Krkonose National Park
Prachov Rocks
Probost's mechanical Christmas crib
Ratiborice Chateau
References
Daylight saving time

Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time (ST) is a time to keep during summer. During the summer months, the sun stays visible for a longer time, and sunset happens late in the day. For this reason, certain countries advance the time by one hour near the start of summer, and put it back one hour during autumn.
DST helps stores that sell to people after they get off work, and it doesn't hurt farmers and others whose hours are set by the sun. It cuts traffic accident rates. Sometimes it can reduce energy costs, but it can also increase them.
Most of the world's countries do not use DST, but it is common in Europe and North America.
The United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada and many other countries have DST. These countries also have regions that do not have DST:
United States: most of Arizona and Hawaii
Australia: Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory
Canada: Saskatchewan except for a few locations with the border with Alberta and Manitoba, and the Yukon Territory
Iceland, Russia, Belarus, and some parts of Ukraine are countries in Europe without DST.
Europe
Since 1971 all clocks in the European Union have changed on same dates and at the same time, 06:00 GMT.
European Summer Time begins (clocks go forward) at 01:00 UTC on the last Sunday in March, and ends (clocks go back) at 01:00 UTC on the last Sunday in October:
United States
The following table lists future starting and ending dates of daylight saving time in the United States:
Permanent GMT+1
Permanent Summer Time has support in some northerly countries such as the UK. It was tried in the British Standard Time experiment, with Britain remaining on GMT+1 throughout the year. This took place between 27 October 1968 and 31 October 1971.
There are proposals for GMT+1 in the winter, and DST summer time (GMT+2) in the summer. In favour are most city dwellers: children do not have to come home after school in the dark, and late afternoon and early evening activities benefit. In favour also were those concerned with accidents, because both accidents and fuel consumption go down.RoSPA suggests this would reduce the number of accidents over this period as a result of the lighter evenings.
Against are many farmers in northerly latitudes, because sunrise would occur in winter at about 10:00 in the morning. However, in March 2010 the National Farmers Union said that it was not against Single/Double Summer Time, and is in fact relatively neutral, with many farmers expressing a preference for the change.
Automatic adjustment
Most mobile phones and computers connected to the Internet will automatically adjust their clocks for DST. Some computers will not adjust or will adjust the time incorrectly or on the wrong date. Also, computers with more than one operating system may be incorrectly adjusted twice or more when each operating system boots.
References
Other websites
Daylight Saving Time - Time Change. TimeAndDate.com
About Daylight Saving Time - History, rationale, laws & dates . WebExhibits
Time zones
Bloodhound Gang

Bloodhound Gang is a comedy rock band from Pennsylvania. Many of their songs have humorous rap and sexual innuendo. They are best known for their hit singles "Fire Water Burn" and "The Bad Touch". Formed in 1992, their music style slowly changed from rap to alternative rock. The Bloodhound Gang has sold more than 6 million albums.
Members
Final line-up
Jimmy Pop - lead vocals, rhythm guitar, songwriter (1991-2015)
Evil Jared Hasselhoff - bass guitar (1995-2015)
Q-Ball - turntables, keyboard, backing vocals (1995-2015)
The Yin - drums, percussion (2006-2015)
Daniel P. Carter - lead guitar (2009-2015)
Former members
Foof - vocals (1992)
Bubba K. Love - drums (1992-1993)
Daddy Long Legs - vocals, bass guitar (1992-1995)
M.S.G. - turntables (1993-1995)
Skip O'Pot2Mus - drums (1993-1995)
Tard-E-Tard - turntables (1995)
Spanky G - drums (1995-1998)
Lupus Thunder - lead guitar (1994-2008)
Willie The New Guy - drums (1999-2006)
Discography
Studio albums
Use Your Fingers (1995)
One Fierce Beer Coaster (1996)
Hooray for Boobies (2000)
Hefty Fine (2005)
Hard-Off (2015)
References
1991 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American comedy bands
American punk bands
American rock bands
Hip hop bands
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical groups from Pennsylvania
1990s establishments in Pennsylvania
Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh is a state within the Republic of India. It occupies . In traditional Indian geography it falls under the East Indian zone.
The capital at present is Raipur which would change to 'Naya Raipur' near Raipur. It has eighteen districts: Raigarh, Bilaspur, Bijapur, Korba, Durg, Janjgir, Raipur, Koria, Sarguja, Bastar, Dantewada, Narayanpur, Rajnandgaon, Kanker, Mahasamund, Dhamtari, Jashpur and Kabirdham (Kawardha).
The main languages spoken are Hindi and Chhattisgarhi. The main religion is Hindu.
Provincial symbols of Chhattisgarh
References
Limnognathia

Limnognathia maerski is a microscopic animal. It is a newly discovered type, found in homothermic springs on Disko Island, Greenland in 1994. Its place in taxonomy is uncertain.
It is described as a class or subphylum in the phylum Gnathifera or as a phylum in a Gnathifera superphylum, called Micrognathozoa. It is related to the rotifers and gnathostomulida, grouped together as the Gnathifera.
With an average length of one-tenth of a millimetre, it is one of the smallest animals known.
L. maerski has very complicated jaws, with fifteen separate parts. The parts of the jaw structure are connected by ligaments and muscles. The jaw parts are very small, ranging from 4 mm to 14 mm. The animal can extend part of its jaw structure outside of its mouth while eating. It also extends much of its jaw structure outside of its mouth when it is regurgitating (pushing out) items that are indigestible.
L. maerski has a large ganglion, or 'brain', in its head. Paired nerve cords go along the lower side of the body) to the tail. Stiff sensory bristles made up of one to three cilia are scattered about the body. These bristles are similar to those on gnathostomulids.
Flexible cilia are arranged in a horseshoe-shaped area on the forehead, and in spots on the sides of the head and in two rows on the underside of the body. The cilia on the forehead create a current that moves food particles towards the mouth. The other cilia move the animal.
All specimens of L. maerski that have been collected have had female organs. They lay two kinds of eggs: thin-walled eggs that hatch quickly, and thick-walled eggs that are believed to be resistant to freezing, and thus capable of over-wintering and hatching in the spring. The same pattern is known from rotifers, where thick-walled eggs only form after fertilization by males. The youngest L. maerski specimens collected may also have male organs: it is now thought that the animals hatch as males and then become females.
Phylogeny
Cladogram (adapted from ) showing the relationships of Limnognathia:
References
Comprehensive information on L. maerski
Science Now article on L. maerski
Invertebrates
Minor phyla
Sandman (Marvel Comics)

Sandman (William Baker, better known as Flint Marko) is a character and antagonist in Marvel Comics, typically serving as an enemy of Spider-Man. He is a supervillain who can control and manipulate sand. Sandman was created by the late Stan Lee and the late Steve Ditko. He started out as a recurring adversary to the superhero Spider-Man, has been slowly redeemed over time, eventually becoming an antihero. The Sandman has also been an enemy of the Fantastic Four and is a founding member of the supervillain teams the Sinister Six and the Frightful Four.
The character has been adapted into various other media incarnations of Spider-Man, including films, television series, and video games. In live-action, he was portrayed by Thomas Haden Church in Spider-Man 3 (2007) and the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movie Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). A creature based on the Sandman appeared in the MCU film Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), which was actually an illusion created by a series of drones operated by Mysterio. In 2009, the Sandman was ranked as IGN's 72nd Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.
Source
Some text was copied from Sandman (Marvel) at Villains Wiki, which is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
Marvel Comics supervillains
Academy Award for Best Production Design

The Academy Awards are the oldest awards ceremony for achievements in movies. The Academy Award for Best Production Design recognizes achievement in art direction on a movie. The category's first name was Best Art Direction. It was changed to its current name for the 85th Academy Awards. The Art Director's category was renamed the Designer's category.
In the lists below, the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees.
Best Interior Decoration
1920s
1930s
1940s
Best Art Direction - Set Decoration
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
References
Production Design
Electrophile

In chemistry, an electrophile is a molecule or an atom that is happy to take electrons from another one. Many electrophiles have a positive charge. They are also called Lewis acids. Some examples of electrophiles are molecules where the atoms have a big difference in electronegativity, like HCl or a carbonyl, or also oxidizing agents.
Electrophiles get attacked by a nucleophile, which is the opposite kind of molecule. This happens for example in addition reactions.
Organic Chemistry
Addition of halogens
C2H4 + Br2 - BrCH2CH2Br
References
Organic chemistry
Shyam Ramsay

Shyam Ramsay (17 May 1952 - 18 September 2019) was an Indian movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was one of the seven Ramsay Brothers. He was active during the 1970s and the 1980s. He was known for directing horror movies such as Darwaza, Purana Mandir and Veerana. Ramsay wrote the screenplay for Zee Horror Show
Ramsay was born in Bombay. He died on 18 September 2019 from pneumonia at the age of 67.
References
Other websites
1952 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Indian movie directors
Indian movie producers
Indian screenwriters
Gracemont, Oklahoma

Gracemont is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Towns in Oklahoma
Pedobear

Pedobear is an internet meme that gained popularity on 4chan. Pedobear is usually posted as a way to mock users requesting or posting sexualized images of children on 4chan.
Pedobear first appeared on 2channel, a popular bulletin board system in Japan and was originally called Kuma (interjection of Kuma which means bear in Japanese) or Safety Bear.
Pedobear has also been featured as iStockphoto wallpaper and was in the background of a cover of the auto magazine Import Tuner.
On July 3, 2009, Michael R. Barrick, a Canadian artist had created two pictures showing Pedobear together with the mascots of 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. Gazeta Olsztynska, a Polish newspaper mistakenly used one of the pictures for a February 4, 2010 front page story about the Olympics in Vancouver.
Other websites
Pedobear at KnowYourMeme.com
References
Internet memes
Freeman, South Dakota

Freeman is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Hutchinson County, and 1,306 people lived there at the 2010 census. Freeman became a city in 1893.
References
Other websites
City of Freeman website
Cities in South Dakota
1893 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in South Dakota
Virgin Orbit

Virgin Orbit is a company in the Virgin Group that will provide a for small satellites to be put into space. The company was made in 2017 to create the LauncherOne rocket, which would be launched from an airplane.
They currently have have made one try to go to space on May 25, 2020, which did not work. They will try again no earlier than December 19, 2020
Other Websites
Virgin Orbit's Website
References
Private spaceflight