pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Persian language

Persian, also called Farsi, is a Western Iranian language. It is the official language of Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. It is also spoken by many people in Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and other neighbouring countries and by immigrants from Central Asia in Russia. Persian was also taught as a second language in schools in Pakistan until 2006. In the past, many of those places were parts of the Persian Empire.
Persian has many dialects and is officially called Farsi in Iran, Dari and Farsi in Afghanistan and Tajiki in Tajikistan. The literary language of each country is a little different, but people from each country can understand one another when they have a conversation. It has words from French in Iran and many from Russian Tajikistan.
Alphabet
The Persian alphabet has the following letters:
b p t th j ch H kh d dh r z j s sh S D T Z ` G f q kh g l m n w h y
The Persian alphabet used in Iran and Afghanistan is similar to the Arabic alphabet, but since Persian in a different family from Arabic, their vocabulary and grammar are very different. Since the 1930s, in the countries that were in the Soviet Union, like Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, Persian has been written in the Cyrillic alphabet, like Russian. All Persian-speakers used to use the Arabic alphabet.
History
Persian is a very old language, and linguists use names for three different versions of Persian that were used in three different times. Old Persian was spoken in the first Persian Empire, under the Achaemenid kings, including Cyrus and Darius the Great. The empire existed from the 6th century BC to the conquest of Alexander the Great. The second Persian empire was ruled by the Sassanian kings from the 2nd century AD until the Muslim conquest of Iran by the Arabs in the 7th century and spoke Middle Persian, or Pahlavi.
New or Modern Persian is spoken today and was first written down in the 9th century, during the Samanid Empire, which was the first Muslim Persian kingdom and was based in Central Asia. The earliest writers of New Persian included poets like Rudaki, and Ferdowsi, who wrote an epic, a very long poem, called the Shahname, translated as the Book of Kings in English. It has myths and historical stories from before the Arabs conquered Persia.
Many other famous writers in Persian language were poets too, a few being Saadi, Hafez, Rumi. The Persian language has been very important one for literature. After Arabic, it was the second most common written language in Muslim countries, especially in the East.
Sample
Related pages
Dari (Eastern Persian)
Tajik language
Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments
References
Modern Persian
Madeleine of Valois

Madeleine of France (10 August 1520 - 2 July 1537) was the daughter of Francis I of France and Claude of France. She was married to James V of Scotland on 1 January 1537 in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France.
Madeleine got sick with tuberculosis when she went to live in Scotland and died when she was only 16 years old. She is buried in Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Deaths from tuberculosis
Infectious disease deaths in Scotland
Kings and Queens consort of Scotland
1520 births
1537 deaths
Nord-Est (development region)

Nord-Est (North East) or Nord-Est Moldova is a development region in Romania.
Counties
The Nord-Est region is made up of these counties:
Economy
The economy of Nord-Est region is mainly agricultural, especially towards the north, even though there are many industrial cities, especially Iasi, Bacau and Suceava. The regional GDP per capita is the lowest in Romania, at about two-thirds of the national average. Botosani and Vaslui are sometimes thought to be the poorest counties in Romania. However, Iasi, the largest city in Nord-Est is one of the rich cities of the region. The region's richest counties are, in order, Iasi, Bacau, Suceava, Neamt, Vaslui and Botosani.
Demographics
In total, 3,371,909 people (2011 Census) live in Nord-Est. This makes it the region in the country with the most people. Its population density is 91.25/km2.
As of 2002 the region has a big amount of Romanians, of 97.9%, with the second largest group being the Roma, who make up 1.2% of the population. Other groups, including Ukrainians, make up the rest of the population (0.9%).
Romanian is the most-spoken language. It is spoken as a first language by 98.7% of the people who live in the region. Traditional languages include Romany, spoken by 0.6% of the population, and Ukrainian (0.3%).
References
http://www.insse.ro/cms/files%5Cstatistici%5Ccomunicate%5CRPL%5CInformare_1nov2011.pdf
Other websites
http://www.adrnordest.ro/
Development regions of Romania
Jean d'Ormesson

Jean Bruno Wladimir Francois de Paule Le Fevre d'Ormesson (16 June 1925 - 5 December 2017) was a French novelist. His work mostly was made up of partially or totally autobiographic novels.
On 18 October 1973, he was elected a member of the Academie francaise, taking seat 12, following the death of Jules Romains. On the death of Claude Levi-Strauss on 30 October 2009, he became the Dean of the Academie, its longest-serving member until his death in 2017. He was also a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.
In 2010, he was awarded the Ovid Prize.
On 5 December 2017, d'Ormesson died in Neuilly-sur-Seine, at the age of 92.
References
Other websites
List of novels by Jean d'Ormesson on the Academie francaise web site.
1925 births
2017 deaths
French journalists
French philosophers
French novelists
Writers from Paris
Avon

Avon can mean:
River Avon, various rivers. Usually it means the River Avon in Devon.
Avon (county), a former county of England
Avon Water, a river in Scotland
Places
Australia
Avon, South Australia
Canada
Avon, New Brunswick, in the province of New Brunswick
Avon, Ontario, in the province of Ontario
Black Avon, Nova Scotia, in the province of Nova Scotia
New Avon, New Brunswick, in the province of New Brunswick
France
Avon, Seine-et-Marne, a commune in the departement of Seine-et-Marne
Avon, Deux-Sevres, a commune in the departement of Deux-Sevres
Avon-la-Peze, a commune in the departement of Aube
Avon-les-Roches, a commune in the departement of Indre-et-Loire
United States
Avon, Alabama
Avon, Colorado
Avon, Connecticut
Avon, Illinois
Avon, Indiana
Avon, Maine
Avon, Massachusetts
Avon, Minnesota, a city
Avon, Montana, a town
Avon (town), New York, a town
Avon (village), New York, a village
Avon, North Carolina
Avon, Ohio, a city
Avon, Pennsylvania, a town
Avon, South Dakota, a city
Avon, Utah, a town
Avon, Wisconsin, a town
Avon-by-Sea, New Jersey, a borough
Avon Lake, Ohio, a city
Avon Park, Florida, a city
There are also several Avon Townships.
Businesses and brands
Avon (publishers), an imprint of the publisher HarperCollins
Avon Comics, a comic book company
Avon Inflatables, Ltd, a manufacturer of inflatable boats, RIBs and marine safety equipment
Avon Products, Inc., a US cosmetics company
Avon Rubber, a manufacturer of rubber products
Cooper Tire & Rubber Company, Avon Tyres, a UK racing-tyre manufacturer, owned by the Cooper Tire brand
The Rolls-Royce Avon, a jet engine
People (real and fictional)
Kerr Avon, a character in the Blake's 7 science-fiction television series.
Anthony Eden, Earl of Avon
Avon Cobourne, American football player
Empress Zhao Feiyan

Empress Zhao Feiyan (c. 32 BC -- 1 BC), formally Empress Xiaochen, was an empress during the Han Dynasty. Zhao Feiyan was an ordinary girl born to a poor family in Suzhou, who just happened to be spotted dancing by the Emperor who took her away to the palace. It was her dancing and beautiful figure that became her legacy.
30s BC births
1 BC deaths
Emperors and Empresses of China
Defense Intelligence Headquarters

The Defense Intelligence Headquarters (Qing Bao Ben Bu , Johohonbu) is a military intelligence and signal intelligence agency of the Japanese government, under the jurisdiction of the Japanese Ministry of Defense. It is currently one of the biggest Japanese intelligence agencies.
The DIH is under the jurisdiction of the Joint Staff and is controlled by the Defense Intelligence Committee, which is made up of the Chiefs of Staff of the JGSDF, JMSDF and JASDF along with the Chief of Staff, Joint Staff, State Minister of Defense and the Minister of Defense.
Command
Command of the DIH was given directly to the Japanese Minister of Defense in March 2006. The deputy officer is usually a civilian officially appointed by the MOD.Four Defense Intelligence Officers (DIOs) are also appointed with three being colonels from the JGSDF or the JASDF with one a civilian official.
SIGINT
The SIGINT facilities managed by the Chobetsu (Chosa Besshitsu) or the Annex Chamber, Second Section, Second Investigation Division in English, from 1958 to 1997 is managed by the DIH. Command of the SIGINT division is usually filled by a senior officer from the NPA.
Role
The main role of the DIH is to collect information and analyse for planning defense and operation policy. The agency collect information from open sources, signals and image intelligence as well as from other Japanese government ministries, Japanese embassies and other affiliated ministries and organizations. In addition, they also gather intelligence through surveillance activities.
Seal
The seal of the DIH consist of the following symbols:
Pheasant - Quality of intelligence gathering at high speed
Red oval shapes around Earth - Positions of spy satellites
Lightning - Radio waves
Star - Section and Stations of the DIH
References
1997 establishments in Japan
Dylan Baker

Dylan Baker (born October 7, 1959) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in Happiness, Planes, Trains and Automobiles, Trick 'r Treat, Spider-Man 3, and in Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues.
Baker was born in Syracuse, New York, but was raised in Lynchburg, Virginia.
Other websites
1959 births
Living people
Actors from New York (state)
Actors from Virginia
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
People from Lynchburg, Virginia
People from Syracuse, New York
Yale University alumni
Sisak-Moslavina County

Sisak-Moslavina County is a county in Croatia. The county seat is Sisak.
The natural park Lonjsko polje is in the Moslavina part of the county. It is near the rivers Lonja, Ilova and Pakra.
Administrative division
Sisak-Moslavina county is divided as follows:
City of Sisak (county seat)
Town of Glina
Town of Hrvatska Kostajnica
Town of Kutina
Town of Novska
Town of Petrinja
Town of Popovaca
Municipality of Donji Kukuruzari
Municipality of Dvor
Municipality of Gvozd
Municipality of Hrvatska Dubica
Municipality of Jasenovac
Municipality of Lekenik
Municipality of Lipovljani
Municipality of Majur
Municipality of Martinska Ves
Municipality of Sunja
Municipality of Topusko
Municipality of Velika Ludina
References
Sisak-Moslavina County
Walney Island

Walney Island (also known as the Isle of Walney) is an island off the west coast of England, at the western end of Morecambe Bay in the Irish Sea. It is part of Barrow-in-Furness which is separated from the mainland by Walney Channel. It is spanned by the Jubilee Bridge.
Walney is the largest island of the Furness Islands group, both in population and size. It is the largest English island in the Irish Sea. The population at the 2011 UK Census was 10,651, distributed evenly across the island's two Wards of Walney North & South.
Walney Island was formed during the last glacial period. When the River Duddon was a large glacial lake, it is depositing till at its mouth and finally forming Walney Island. Some evidence of neolithic inhabitants has been found in the island's sand dunes. The island contains two nature reserves, at either end. Its sandy beaches make it a popular leisure site.
References
Other websites
Cumbria County History Trust: Walney Island (nb: provisional research only - see Talk page)
Walney Isle in words and pictures
The Walney Island website
Walney websites
Directory website
Information about the island's coastal artillery
Walney bird observatory
Islands of England
Zwevegem

Zwevegem is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 23809 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 48 North, 03deg 20 East.
References
Municipalities of West Flanders
Aicha vorm Wald

Aicha vorm Wald () is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Passau (district)
Magnesium

Magnesium ( /maeg'ni:zi@m/ mag-NEE-zee-@m) is a chemical element with the symbol Mg, atomic number 12 and common oxidation state +2. It is an alkaline earth metal and the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, where it constitutes about 2% by mass, and ninth in the known universe as a whole. This preponderance of magnesium is related to the fact that it is easily built up in supernova stars from a sequential addition of three helium nuclei to carbon (which in turn is made from three helium nuclei). Magnesium ion's high solubility in water helps ensure that it is the third most abundant element dissolved in seawater.
Magnesium is the 11th most abundant element by mass in the human body. Its ions are essential to all living cells. The ions play a major role in manipulating important biological polyphosphate compounds like ATP, DNA, and RNA. Hundreds of enzymes thus require magnesium ions to function. Magnesium is also the metallic ion at the center of chlorophyll, and is thus a common additive to fertilizers. Magnesium ions are sour to the taste, and in low concentrations help to impart a natural tartness to fresh mineral waters.
The free element (metal) is not found naturally on Earth, as it is highly reactive (though once produced, is coated in a thin layer of oxide (see passivation), which partly masks this reactivity). The free metal burns with a characteristic brilliant white light, making it a useful ingredient in flares. The metal is now mainly obtained by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine.
Uses
Commercially, the chief use for the metal is as an alloying agent to make aluminium-magnesium alloys, sometimes called "magnalium" or "magnelium". Since magnesium is less dense than aluminium, these alloys are prized for their relative lightness and strength.
Magnesium is used in fireworks to make a brilliant bright light. Another use is to mix it with other metals to make it strong, lightweight alloys such as those used to make bicycle frames.
Magnesium compounds are used medicinally as common laxatives, antacids (i.e., milk of magnesia), and in a number of situations where stabilization of abnormal nerve excitation and blood vessel spasm is required (that is, to treat eclampsia).
Magnesium is used in electronic devices, including: mobile phones, laptop computers, cameras, and other electronic components. Magnesium's low weight, good mechanical and electrical properties are good for these uses.
Magnesium reacted with an alkyl halide gives a Gringard reagent, which is a very useful tool for preparing alcohols.
Magnesium is also used in incendiary bombs, which are bombs that blow up and spread fire everywhere.
Related pages
Periodic table
List of common elements
References
Alkaline earth metals
M (New York City Subway service)

The M Queens Boulevard Local/Sixth Avenue Local is a rapid transit service in the B division of the New York City Subway. It's route or bullet has been colored Orange , Since it uses the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan . The M operates on weekdays . But on weekends , it terminates at Essex St in Manhattan or Myrtle Av in Brooklyn. The M runs between Middle Village - Metropolitan Ave and Forest Hills - 71 Ave , it's equipment is the Alstom R160A-1.
M Used To Run Via Nassau St To Bay Pkwy But In 2010, MTA Eliminated The M <M>
New York City Subway
Scheuring

Scheuring is a municipality in Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Landsberg (district)
Rugby sevens

Rugby sevens is the shortened version of rugby union in which only seven players per side feature, instead of the full fifteen. The version of rugby union is very popular, with notable comptitions including the IRB Sevens World Series and the Rugby World Cup Sevens. It is also played at events such as the Commonwealth Games and rugby league has also adopted the sevens format.
Rugby sevens was invented in Melrose, a small town in Scotland.
It is played under the same rules and on a field of the same dimensions as the 15-player game but a rugby sevens match lasts approximately 15 minutes (7 minutes aside with 1 minute half-time break) but the finals last somewhat more than 20 minutes; each half in a final is ten minutes instead of the normal seven minutes also the game ends when the ball goes of the pitch or points are scored. The point system is similar to rugby union where a Try gets a team 5 points and conversion 2 points with 3 points for penalties and Drop-goals (drop-goals are very uncommon in sevens). Points scoring occurs with much greater regularity in sevens compared to fifteens, since there are more spaces for players to run. Scrums still exist within sevens, composed of just three players from each team. Given the speedy nature of the game, players are usually either from the backline or the trio of loose forwards in fifteens rugby. All sevens players, wether in the forwards or otherwise must be fit,agile,relatively strong and demonstrate a high level of fitness in order to compete at an optimum level. Countries such as New Zealand, Fiji, South Africa, England, and Samoa have very successful sevens teams. Rugby sevens have also been played in the commonwealth games since 1998 where there are only boys teams. New Zealand is ranked as number 1 in the commonwealth games. New Zealand has won 4 gold medals and one silver medal.
References
Rugby union
BMW M3

The BMW M3 is a high-performance version of the BMW 3 Series. It has been produced for every generation since the E30 M3 was introduced in 1986.
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
M3
Anderson County, South Carolina

Anderson County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 187,126 people lived there. Its county seat is Anderson.
References
19th-century establishments in South Carolina
1826 establishments in the United States
South Carolina counties
David Sassoli

David Maria Sassoli (30 May 1956 - 11 January 2022) was an Italian politician and journalist. He was the President of the European Parliament from July 2019 until his death in January 2022. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He first became a member of the European Parliament in July 2009. Before entering politics, he worked for newspaper Il Giorno and as a news reporter for TG3 and TG1.
Sassoli was born in Florence. He was married to Alessandra Vittorini, and had two children. He was a fan of football club Fiorentina.
In September 2021, Sassoli was taken to a hospital in Strasbourg, Germany, for pneumonia. In December 2021, he was again taken to a hospital, this time in Aviano because of problems with his immune system. Sassoli died there on 11 January 2022 from problems caused by multiple myeloma, aged 65.
References
Other websites
1956 births
2022 deaths
Italian journalists
MEPs for Italy
Politicians from Florence
Presidents of the European Parliament
Writers from Tuscany
Deaths from autoimmune disease
Disease-related deaths in Italy
Television news anchors
Deaths from multiple myeloma
John McConnell

John McConnell (March 22, 1915 - October 20, 2012) was an American peace activist. He was the founder and creator of Earth Day. McConnell is a luminary with a major passion for peace, religion and environmentalism. In 1969 at the UNESCO Conference in San Francisco, John McConnell felt it necessary to propose a holiday in which we celebrate the Earth's life and beauty.
References
1915 births
2012 deaths
American activists
People from San Francisco
Sand, Bas-Rhin

Sand is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Sulzberg, Oberallgäu

Sulzberg is a municipality in the district of Oberallgau in Bavaria in Germany. Since 1990, Sulzberg has been twinned with the municipality Chailland (Mayenne) in France.
References
Oberallgau
British Rail Class 960

The British Rail Class 960 was reserved for former diesel multiple units converted for departmental use, and former electrical multiple units rebuilt as test trains. Diesel units were converted for various tasks, including application of sandite, route learning, use as tractor units to tow other trains, and conversion to test trains.
British Rail Departmental Units
British Rail diesel multiple units
Non-passenger multiple units
Clinton Liberal Institute

The Clinton Liberal Institute was a coeducational preparatory school. The Universalist Church started it in Clinton, New York in 1831. The school moved to Fort Plain, New York in 1878, and it stayed there until it was destroyed in a fire in 1900. Clara Barton, the founder of the American Red Cross, and Leland Stanford, founder of Stanford University went to the Clinton Liberal Institute.
References
Other websites
New York Heritage Digital Collection of images from the Clinton Liberal Institute
Schools in New York (state)
1831 establishments in the United States
1900 disestablishments
Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn

Bad Luck Banging of Loony Porn is a 2021 Romanian Croatian Czech Luxembourgian comedy-drama movie directed by Radu Jude and starring Katia Pascariu, Claudia Ieremia, Olimpia Malai, Nicodim Ungureanu.
Other websites
2021 comedy-drama movies
Romanian comedy movies
Romanian drama movies
Croatian movies
Czech movies
Luxembourgian movies
Movies directed by Radu Jude
Francis Scott Key

Francis Scott Key (August 1, 1779 - January 11, 1843) was an American lawyer and poet. He is best known for writing a poem which later became the words of "The Star-Spangled Banner", the national anthem of the United States of America.
His mother was Ann Phoebe Penn Dagworthy (Charlton) and his father was Captain John Ross Key. He graduated from St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland in 1796.
Key was an owner of slaves, and in the later administration of Andrew Jackson he was the United States Attorney in Washington, D.C.
1779 births
1843 deaths
19th-century American poets
Writers from Maryland
Boana

Boana is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. They are called gladiator frogs, gladiator treefrogs or Wagler Neotropical treefrogs. These frogs live in tropical Central and South America from Nicaragua to Argentina. They also live in the Caribbean, in Trinidad and Tobago.
For a while, scientists thought using this genus was a mistake. They started using it again after taking a long look again at Hylidae. They decided that about 70 species that they had put in the genus Hyla should be in Boana instead. Since then, scientists have written reports about many newly discovered Boana species.
Species
As of April 2020, there are 95 species of frogs in this genus:
Hyla palliata and Hypsiboas hypselops are also listed in this article because scientists are not sure about them.
References
Other websites
Frogs of South America
Frépillon

Frepillon is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Bleckley County, Georgia

Bleckley County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 12,583 people lived there. The county seat is Cochran.
References
1910s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1912 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
A Case of Murder

A Case of Murder is a 2004 South African thriller movie. Clive Morris directed it. Ben Kurger, Steve Hofmeyr, Candice Hillebrand, Gideon Emery, and Anthony Fridjohn acted in the movie.
Other websites
2004 thriller movies
South African movies
Movies set in South Africa
Knightia

Knightia is an extinct genus of freshwater fish that lived in the lakes and rivers of North America and Asia during the Eocene epoch. It was discovered by David Starr Jordan in 1907. Knightia is Wyoming's state fossil, belonging to the same taxonomic family as herring and sardines. It likely fed on algae and diatoms, as well as smaller fish and insects.
Species
Knightia alta Leidy, 1873
Knightia branneri
Knightia eocaena Jordan, 1907 (type)
Knightia humulus
Knightia irregularis Longstaff, 1933
Knightia vetusta Grande, 1982
Predators
Bigger species preyed on Knightia, such as Diplomystus, Lepisosteus, Amphiplaga, Mioplosus, Phareodus, Amia, and Astephus.
Related pages
Diplomystus
Clupeiformes
Sardine
Atractosteus
Lepisosteus
References
Jordan, D. S. 1907. "The fossil fishes of California; with supplementary notes on other species of extinct fishes". Bulletin Department of Geology, University of California 5:136.
http://soswy.state.wy.us/SecretaryDesk/StateInfo_Symbols.aspx .
Other websites
Knightia on English Wikipedia
Freshwater fish
Extinct fish
Clupeiformes
Eocene
Animals of North America
Sally Banes

Sally Rachel Banes (October 9, 1950 - June 14, 2020) was an American dance historian, writer, and critic. She was born in Silver Spring, Maryland
Career
Banes first worked for the Chicago Reader starting in 1973. She was a dance critic for the Village Voice, SoHo Weekly News and Dance Magazine.
She worked as an editor for the Dance Research Journal from 1982 to 1988.
Banes died on June 14, 2020 from ovarian cancer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the age of 69.
References
1949 births
2020 deaths
American critics
American historians
American dancers
Writers from Maryland
People from Silver Spring, Maryland
Dance critics
Askale Tiksa

Askale Tiksa Benti is a race walker from Ethiopia. Benti competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She was born on 24 April 1994.
References
Other websites
1994 births
Living people
Ethiopian athletes
Ethiopian Olympians
Schweighouse-sur-Moder

Schweighouse-sur-Moder is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Research and development

Research and development (R&D) refers to a wide range of activities by businesses, governments and academic institutions designed to gather knowledge and test new ideas. This often leads to the development of new products or new ways of doing things. R&D generally has three main activities. These are: basic research, applied research and development. Basic research is aimed at getting new knowledge with no immediate use or purpose in mind. Applied research is just the opposite. It is research for a definite purpose or product. Development has more to do with adding features to a product. Often, development is a process of eliminating all but the best idea to arrive at the best solution. Basic and applied research costs are often written off as expenses while the costs of development are added to the cost of the product. R&D often results in owning intellectual property such as patents. In Europe, R&D is called research and technical/technological development (RTD).
In 2015, Volkswagen was the world's leading spender in R&D
References
Other websites
Project Management for Research and Development; YouTube
Economics
Research
Innovation
Kataller Toyama

is a Japanese professional football club in Toyama.
History
The club formed from a merger of two football clubs ; ALO's Hokuriku and YKK AP in 2008.
League position
2008 : Football League - 3rd
2009 : J2 League - 13th
2010 : J2 League - 18th
2011 : J2 League - 16th
2012 : J2 League - 19th
2013 : J2 League - 18th
2014 : J2 League - 22nd
2015 : J3 League - 5th
2016 : J3 League - 6th
2017 : J3 League - 8th
2018 : J3 League - 11th
2019 : J3 League - 4th
2020 : J3 League - 9th
ALO's Hokuriku
2000 : Football League - 8th
2001 : Football League - 15th
2002 : Football League - 14th
2003 : Football League - 14th
2004 : Football League - 10th
2005 : Football League - 3rd
2006 : Football League - 8th
2007 : Football League - 4th
YKK AP
2001 : Football League - 6th
2002 : Football League - 8th
2003 : Football League - 6th
2004 : Football League - 4th
2005 : Football League - 2nd
2006 : Football League - 4th
2007 : Football League - 6th
Related pages
Sports in Japan
List of Japanese football teams
List of Kataller Toyama players
References
Other websites
Kataller Toyama website
J.League Club Guide
Japanese football clubs
Toyama Prefecture
Nadezhda Mandelstam

Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelstam, born as Nadezhda Yakovlevna Hazin, (31 October 1899 in Saratov - 9 December 1980 in Moscow) was a Russian writer and the wife of poet Osip Mandelstam.
She grew up in Kiev, after she studied art.
She married Osip Mandelstam in 1921, and lived in Ukraine, Saint Petersburg, Moscow, and Georgia. Osip wrote a poem about the Russian leader, called Stalin Epigram. It angered the Russian government, and in 1934 he was arrested, and ordered to live in Cherdyn, Perm region and later to Voronezh. The government of Russia often used internal exile (sending people to live in small towns hundreds of miles from the big cities) instead of sending people to prison. Nadezhda went into exile with Osip.
Osip Mandelstam was released but arrested again in 1938. Before the government could decide where to send him he died in a camp near Vladivostok.
After this Nadezhda Mandelstam never lived in the same place for long, and she often changed jobs. She did this to hide from the NKVD (Russian Secret Police). When she was living in Kalinin the police came to arrest her her, but she had moved to a new house the day before.
She decided to spend her life collecting and publishing all of her husband's poems, and most of the poems she learned by heart (memorised).
After Stalin died Nadezhda Mandelstam published he book and was allowed to return to Moscow in 1958.
In 1979 she gave her archives (letters, books and photographs) to Princeton University in the United States of America. Nadezhda Mandelstam died in 1980 in Moscow, aged 81.
Books by Nadezhda Mandelstam
Hope against Hope ()
Hope Abandoned ()
1899 births
1980 deaths
Russian Jews
Russian writers
Soviet Jews
Soviet writers
Writers from Kyiv
Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, Calvados

Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Terres de Druance.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Inspiration4

Inspiration4, also seen as Inspirati4n, was a human spaceflight mission in 2021.
It was operated by SpaceX, and it used aDragon 2 spacecraft. The mission launched on September 15, 2021 from the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39A.
The mission wanted to become the first in orbital spaceflight for private citizens aboard. It was also to raise awareness for the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. Four crew members; Hayley Arceneaux, Christopher Sembroski, Sian Proctor, and Shift4 Payments CEO Jared Isaacman will spend three days in orbit.
The flight is planned to orbit at an altitude of .
References
September 2021 events
Space tourists
Mike Roarke

Michael Thomas Roarke (November 8, 1930 - July 27, 2019) was an American catcher and coach in Major League Baseball. He threw and batted right-handed. He stood tall and weighed . Roarke played for the Detroit Tigers, St. Louis Cardinals and the San Diego Padres.
Roarke died on July 27, 2019 in West Warwick, Rhode Island at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
, or Retrosheet, or SABR Biography Project
1930 births
2019 deaths
American military personnel of the Korean War
Detroit Tigers players
St. Louis Cardinals players
San Diego Padres players
Sportspeople from Rhode Island
People from West Warwick, Rhode Island
Military people from Rhode Island
Gaius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (20 BC-4 AD) was one of two brothers adopted by the first Roman emperor, Augustus. Both died in their early twenties, clearing the path for Tiberius. Gaius Caesar had achieved the rank of Consul before his death.
References
Roman people
20 BC births
4 deaths
Shelbyville, Tennessee

Shelbyville is a city in Bedford County, Tennessee, United States. It had a population of 20,335 residents at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Tennessee
County seats in Tennessee
Bedford County, Tennessee
Ally McCoist

Alistair Murdoch "Ally" McCoist, MBE (; born 24 September 1962 in Bellshill, North Lanarkshire) is a Scottish former professional football player who played as a striker. He is currently the manager of Rangers, where he spent fifteen of his twenty-two years as a player. Since retiring, he has also had a secondary career as a television presenter and sports pundit.
McCoist began his career with St Johnstone before moving to Sunderland in 1981. He returned to Scotland two years later and signed with Rangers. At Rangers, McCoist became the club's record goalscorer, netting 355 goals. In addition to this McCoist holds the Rangers records for number of league goals scored, number of Scottish League Cup goals scored and the most goals scored by a player in European competitions with 251, 54 and 21 respectively. McCoist is also third in the all-time appearance table for Rangers, having made 581 appearances for the club.
McCoist is the Scottish top-tier league's all-time leading goalscorer, having netted 291 times for St. Johnstone, Rangers and Kilmarnock between 1979 and 2001.
Career statistics
Playing
Club
International
Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each McCoist goal.
Managerial record
References
Footballers from North Lanarkshire
Scottish football managers
British television personalities
Living people
1962 births
Laura Feiersinger

Laura Feiersinger (born 5 April 1990 in Saalfelden, Austria) is an Austrian football player. She plays for FC Bayern Munchen as a striker. Her father, Wolfgang Feiersinger, was a player for Borussia Dortmund and the Austrian women's national football team.
Career
She started playing football for the SV Oftering. From 2001 till 2008 she played for 1. SK Saalfelden and later vor FC Pinzgau Saalfelden, a club coming out of the fusion between 1. Saalfeldner SK und ESV Saalfelden, the second club in Saalfelden. 2008 she went to USK Hof, the champion of the 2nd league west and played in the play off matches versus SV Gross-Schweinbarth. Together with Hof she was promoted to the OFB Frauenliga.
In 2010 she went to Germany and joined Herforder SV, which was, in this season, promoted to the Bundesliga. 2011/12 she went to FC Bayern Munchen and debuted on 21 August 2011 versus Bayer Leverkusen. 2016 she went on to SC Sand. 2018 she went to 1. FFC/Eintracht Frankfurt.
Laura Feiersinger played for the Austrian U17 and U19 team and since 2010 in the Austrian women football national team.
References
The article uses information from de.wikipedia.org.
Austrian women's footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
1990 births
Living people
National Super Alliance

The National Super Alliance, known by the abbreviation NASA, is a Kenyan political coalition that was formed in January 2017 by opposition parties. These parties include the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), Wiper Democratic Movement (Wiper), Forum for the Restoration of Democracy - Kenya (FORD-Kenya), Amani National Congress (ANC), National Rainbow Coalition, Progressive Party of Kenya, CCU, Muungano and other parties.
In the 2017 General Elections the flagbearer of the coalition will be Raila Amollo Odinga and his running mate Kalonzo Musyoka. They'll be seeking to oust incumbent president Uhuru Kenyatta.
2017 establishments
Political organizations based in Africa
Tynemouth

Tynemouth is a large town in England, at the River Tyne's mouth. It is a historic part of Northumberland. It is a part of North Tyneside borough in Tyne and Wear county.
References
Towns in Tyne and Wear
TRAPPIST-1e

TRAPPIST-1e, also known as 2MASS J23062928-0502285 e, is a rocky, almost earth-size exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone around the ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 about away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. Astronomers found the exoplanet by using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured.
The exoplanet was one of seven new exoplanets discovered orbiting the star using observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope. Three of the seven (e, f, and g) are in the habitable zone. TRAPPIST-1e is almost the same to Earth's mass, radius, density, gravity, temperature, and stellar flux. It is also confirmed to not have a cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmosphere, meaning it is more likely to have a compact atmosphere like the terrestrial planets in the Solar System.
In November 2018, researchers decided that of the seven exoplanets in the multi-planetary system, TRAPPIST-1e has the best chance of being an Earth-like ocean planet, and the one most worthy of further study related to habitability. What's more, according to the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog, TRAPPIST-1e is one of the most possible habitable exoplanets discovered.
References
Exoplanets
Gatka

Gatka is a South Asian martial art most commonly practised in the Punjab region. Though today generally identified with Punjabi Sikhs, it has also traditionally been practiced by other ethno-cultural groups in India and Pakistan, in various parts.
The word gatka properly refers to the wooden sticks which were originally used for sparring in this sport although now a range of other weapons are also employed.
Gatka can be practiced either as a contact sport (khel) or ritual/ceremonial demonstration (rasmi).
Martial arts
Sport in India
Sport in Pakistan
Jeux

Jeux () is a modern ballet. It was choreographed by Nijinksy to music by Claude Debussy. It starred Nijinsky, Tamara Karsavina, and Ludmilla Schollar. It was first performed in the Theatre des Champs Elysees in Paris on May 15, 1913. Grace Robert writes that the ballet was received "very tepidly".
References
Kirstein, Lincoln. 1984. Four Centuries of Ballet: Fifty Masterworks. Dover. pp. 202-03.
Robert, Grace. 1949. The Borzoi Book of Ballets. New York: Knopf. p. 259.
Ballets Russes productions
Ballets starring Nijinsky
Ballets choreographed by Nijinsky
Huntington, Utah

Huntington is a city in Emery County, Utah, United States.
Cities in Utah
Christopher Hart (actor)

Christopher Hart (born February 22, 1961) is a Canadian actor and magician whose roles include Thing, the disembodied hand, in the 1991, 1993 and 1998 movies The Addams Family, Addams Family Values, and Addams Family Reunion.
Other websites
1961 births
Living people
Actors from British Columbia
Flag of Austria

The official Flag of Austria is the flag of the European country, Austria. It has three horizontal stripes, two red ones and a white one.
Austria
National symbols of Austria
Renaissance (Lionel Richie album)

Renaissance is the sixth studio album by Lionel Ritchie. It was released on 16 October, 2000 through Island Def Jam. It went to number 3 in Germany, number 5 in Austria, number 6 in Switzerland, number 10 in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, number 16 in Poland and number 62 in the United States. It received mixed reviews.
Track listing
Notes
signifies a vocal producer
signifies a remixer
On some editions, the track "Don't You Ever Go Away" is replaced by "I Forgot".
References
2000 albums
Lionel Richie
This is Daniel Cook.

This Is Daniel Cook Is A Canadian/American Childrens Television Series Produced By Sinking Ship Entertainment Disney Channel and Marblemedia And Co-produced In Association With TVOnartio Treehouse Saskatchewan Coummactioans Network Knowledge and Access.
Canadian children's television series
American children's television series
Lamian

Lamian () is a type of Chinese noodle. It is made by stretching and folding the dough into strands. The twisting and later stretching of the strips of dough happens because of the weight of the dough. The strands can be made in many lengths and thicknesses depending on how many times it is stretched and folded. The Songshi yangsheng bu (Song Shi Yang Sheng Bu ), which was written by Song Xu around 1504, has the earliest description of how to make lamian.
Literally, lamian means "pulled noodles" (the Chinese word la (La ) means to pull, which is how the dough is made into long thin noodles, mian (Mian )). Lamian dishes are usually served in beef or mutton soup. Sometimes the noodles can be stir-fried (chaomian (Chao Mian )) and served with a tomato-like sauce.
References
Chinese food
Noodles
Pankration

Pankration was a sport in Ancient Greece. Eight of Pindar's odes were written in honor of pankratiasts. The pankration was a form of wrestling with one difference: the athletes were allowed to use their fists. They did not wear boxing thongs however. Kicking and hitting were allowed but biting and gouging an eye or soft spot with a thumb or finger were forbidden. Umpires flogged athletes who violated these rules. In spite of this punishment, violations often occurred.
A Greek wrestler aimed to throw his opponent; a pankratiast however aimed to force his opponent to concede defeat. This might be done by getting an opponent in a hold that, if he did not yield (give up), a bone would be broken or a joint dislocated. Size and weight did not matter as much in the pankration as they did in boxing and wrestling because pankratiasts spent most of their time rolling around on the ground.
The Greeks loved the pankration. They considered it the greatest test of an athlete's skill and strength. The pankration was also a favorite sport in Roman imperial times. The most famous ancient pankratiast was Arrichon of Philageia in the 6th century BC. He won the pankration in two Olympics, but died of a stranglehold in the Olympics of 564 BC. He was awarded the victor's wreath. Both Philostratus and Pausanias told the story of his final bout. A statue in the Olympia Museum may be his.
Gallery: Pankrationiasts on Greek pottery
Sources
Ancient Greek wrestling
Garda, Veneto

Garda is a comune in the Province of Verona in the Veneto region in Italy. It is on the shore of Lake Garda.
Settlements in Veneto
Alfonso IX of León

Alfonso IX (15 August 1171 -- 24 September 1230) nicknamed the Warrior King () was King of Leon and Galicia from in 1188 until his death in 1230. During his reign, Leon became more powerful and modern. He founded the University of Salamanca in 1212.
Alfonso improved relations with the Catholic Church and the pope. He was also a great warrior. He actively fought in the Reconquista, conquering several territories within Extremadura, capturing Merida and Badajoz in 1230 before he died later that year at the age of 59. He was succeeded by his son who already ruled Castile, Ferdinand III, who successfully united Leon with Castile.
References
1230 deaths
Kings of Leon
Karl Drais

Karl Freiherr von Drais (29 April 1785 - 10 December 1851) was a noble German forest official and significant inventor in the Biedermeier period. He was born and died in Karlsruhe. Drais invented the Laufmaschine ("running machine").
1785 births
1851 deaths
German inventors
People from Karlsruhe
Kapingamarangi

Kapingamarangi is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Federated States of Micronesia. There are about 700 people living in Kapingamarangi. The inhabitants speak the Kapingamarangi language, a Polynesian dialect.
The Kapingamarangi people live a simple life. They believe that it's not what you have that is important. They help each other, neighbors, relatives, and everybody. They share what they have. The sea provides a significant source of food. And the people are very talented in doing all the different types of fishing.
Atolls
Federated States of Micronesia
Oberschrot

Oberschrot was a municipality in the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017, the municipalities of Oberschrot and Zumholz became part of Plaffeien.
References
Other websites
Official website
Former municipalities of Fribourg
Boyton, Cornwall

Boyton, Cornwall is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. As of 2001, 378 people lived in Boyton.
Villages in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Steve Stevens (footballer)

Stephen Roy Stevens (5 February 1903 - 22 June 1990) was an Australian rules footballer. He played one match for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1920.
Stevens was born in Bendigo, Victoria. In 1990, he died in Seymour, Victoria, at the age of 87.
References
Other websites
Steve Stevens at AFL Tables
1903 births
1990 deaths
Australian rules footballers
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
Coke Zero Sugar 400

The Coke Zero Sugar 400 is an annual stock car race held at Daytona International Speedway, It is the eighteenth race of the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, Daytona had hosted this event for many years, The first summer race was held in 1959 and was named the Firecracker 400, The race ran its scheduled distance with no caution flags, The race is held in conjunction with the NASCAR Xfinity Series race, the Coca-Cola Firecracker 250, It is one of two races held at Daytona International Speedway, with the other one being the Daytona 500.
The race is notable for memorable moments and finishes throughout the season.
The race has been held as the eighteenth race from 2001-2014, the and from 2015-2017, the race swapped dates with the Quaker State 400 at Kentucky Speedway and was moved up one race, In 2018, the race returned as the 18th race of the season, as the Overton's 400 at Chicagoland Speedway (which was the 27th race of the season from 2011-2017, was moved to the 17th race of the season).
Eventually, the race was held in 1959, It was the second 400 mile race, following with the Foxwoods Resort Casino 301 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway, in 2018, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar sponsors the event, naming it as the Coke Zero Sugar 400.
Unlike the Daytona 500, The cars pileup in multi-car wrecks, known as The Big One.
References
NASCAR races
1959 establishments in Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a chemical. All living things make ATP to store energy and to move it to the cells that need it.
Cells get all their energy from ATP. They break ATP molecules apart to use the stored energy. The harder a cell works, the more ATP it needs.
Use
The ATP molecule is very versatile: it is used for many chemical reactions in the body. Energy is stored in its chemical bonds.
The energy that is stored can be used later. When ATP breaks a bond with a phosphate group and becomes ADP, energy is released. This is an exothermic reaction.
The ATP phosphate exchange is a nearly never-ending cycle, stopping only when the cell dies.
Functions in cells
ATP is the main energy source for most cellular functions. This includes the synthesis of macromolecules. It is used in DNA and RNA. ATP also helps macromolecules get across cell membranes.
DNA and RNA synthesis
In all known organisms, DNA is made by the action of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) enzymes. These enzymes reduce the sugar residue from ribose to deoxyribose by removing oxygen.
ATP is one of the four nucleotides put RNA molecules by RNA polymerases. The energy driving this polymerization comes from cutting off two phosphate groups. The process is similar in DNA biosynthesis.
History
ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann and Jendrassik and, independently, by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subba Rao of Harvard Medical School. Both teams were competing against each other to find an assay (way of measuring) for phosphorus.
ATP was proposed to be the intermediary between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941.
ATP was first synthesized (created) in the laboratory by Alexander Todd in 1948.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 was split, one half given to both Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the other half to Jens C. Skou for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase.
References
Cellular respiration
Organonitrogen compounds
Phosphates
Berteaucourt-les-Dames

Berteaucourt-les-Dames is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Lanthanum

Lanthanum is a chemical element. It has the chemical symbol La. It has the atomic number 57. It is part of a group of chemical elements in the periodic table named the Lanthanides. It is a rare earth element. It is silvery white, malleable and ductile. It is soft and can be cut with a knife.
Lanthanides