pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Volga (disambiguation)

The Volga is a river of Russia.
Volga may also refer to:
Places
Russia
Volga Delta, the delta of the Volga River
Volga economic region
Volga Federal District
Volga Region, a historical region
Volga, Russia, several rural localities in Russia
United States
Volga, Indiana, an unincorporated town
Volga, Iowa, a city
Volga Township, Clayton County, Iowa, a township
Volga, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
Volga, South Dakota, a city
Volga, Texas, an unincorporated community
Volga, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Volga River (Iowa), a river
Other
1149 Volga, an asteroid
In business
Volga (automobile), a Russian brand
Volga (finance), in quantitative finance, a second order derivative of an option pricing formula versus volatility
Air Volga, a former airline headquartered in Moscow
VoLGA Forum, an organisation of telecommunication vendors and operators
In sports and games
FC Volga Ulyanovsk
Volga Ulyanovsk Bandy Club
Volga Gambit, original name of the Benko Gambit in chess
In other uses
Volga class motorship, a type of Russian river passenger ship
Volga radar, a Russian early warning radar in Belarus
Operation Volga or 2 June 2006 Forest Gate raid on alleged terrorists by Metropolitan Police in London, England
Volga Highway, see M7 highway (Russia)
Volga (rocket stage), a rocket upper stage designed in Russia
Volga, pen name of P. Lalita Kumari, female Telugu writer
Volga, a character in Hyrule Warriors
Volga Volga (1928 film), a German silent film
Volga-Volga, a 1938 Soviet film
Volga Germans, ethnic Germans living in the Volga Region in Russia
Related articles
Volzhsk
Volzhsky (disambiguation)
Volha
Wolfgang Clement

Wolfgang Clement (7 July 1940 - 27 September 2020) was a German politician. Clement was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was the 7th Minister President of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia from 27 May 1998 to 22 October 2002 and Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Labour from 2002 to 2005.
Clement died of lung cancer in Bonn, Germany on 27 September 2020 at the age of 80.
References
Other websites
"Wolfgang Clement - Prime Minister of North-Rhine Westphalia" - 1998 article at the World Socialist Web Site
Article by Wolfgang Clement about the Baltic Sea natural gas pipeline at the website of Wintershall AG, December 2005
The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation
1940 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Branko Crvenkovski

Branko Crvenkovski ( ; born 12 October 1962) is a Macedonian politician. He was Prime Minister of Macedonia from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2002 to 2004, and as President of Macedonia from 2004 to 2009. He decided not to run for re-election in 2009. Crvenkovski was also leader of the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia.
References
1962 births
Living people
Presidents of North Macedonia
Prime Ministers of North Macedonia
Amorebieta-Etxano

Amorebieta-Etxano, also known as Zornotza (Spanish: Amorebieta-Echano), is a town and municipality in Biscay in the Basque Country, an autonomous community in northern Spain.
In 2021, 19,576 people lived there. The mayor is Andoni Agirrebeitia.
References
Towns in Spain
Municipalities in the Basque Country
Gwen Ifill

Gwendolyn L. "Gwen" Ifill (; September 29, 1955 - November 14, 2016) was an American journalist, television newscaster, and author. She was the moderator and managing editor of Washington Week and co-anchor and co-managing editor, with Judy Woodruff, of PBS NewsHour, both of which air on PBS.
Ifill was a political analyst and moderated the 2004 and 2008 American vice-presidential debates. In 2016, she moderate the New Hampshire Democratic Primary debate between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton.
She was the author of the best-selling book The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama.
Ifill died of endometrial cancer while under hospice care in Washington, D.C. on November 14, 2016, at age 61.
References
Other websites
Gwen Ifill at PBS NewsHour
Gwen Ifill at Washington Week
1955 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
Deaths from endometrial cancer
American television news anchors
American journalists
Writers from New York City
Vinzieux

Vinzieux is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
List of settlements in Northern Ireland by county

The following is a list of places in Northern Ireland, by county:
Lists of places inside of counties
List of places in County Antrim
List of places in County Armagh
List of places in County Londonderry
List of places in County Down
List of places in County Fermanagh
List of places in County Tyrone
Related pages
List of towns in Northern Ireland
List of villages in Northern Ireland
Lists about Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland by county
County
Medicine wheel

A medicine wheel is a stone structure built by the natives of North America for spiritual and ritual purposes.
They appear mostly in Alberta, Canada. They were built by laying out stones in a circular pattern. They often look like a wagon wheel laying flat. They could be large, reaching up to 75 feet across.
Medicine wheels are still used today in the Native American traditions. However, the meaning is usually not shared outside the tribe.
Other websites
What is a Medicine Wheel?
Spirituality
Religious symbols
Religious buildings
Al Ahed FC

Al Ahed FC is a professional football club that plays in the Lebanese Premier League. They are based in Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon.
The club has won 1 AFC Cup title, 8 league titles, 6 Lebanese FA Cup titles, 8 Lebanese Super Cup titles, 5 Lebanese Elite Cup titles, and 1 Lebanese Federation Cup title. In 2019 they became the first club from Lebanon to win the AFC Cup.
Notes
References
Beirut
Lebanese Premier League
Organizations based in Lebanon
Brittnau

Brittnau is a municipality in Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Curse of Tippecanoe

The name Curse of Tippecanoe (also known as Tecumseh's Curse, the Presidential Curse, Zero-Year Curse, the Twenty-Year Curse, or the Twenty-Year Presidential Jinx) is used to describe the death of Presidents of the United States in office while elected or re-elected in a year ending in "0".
The "curse" began when President William Henry Harrison (elected in 1840) died in office from pneumonia just one month after becoming President. According to a folk tale, the "curse" happened because then-General Harrison had fought on Native American grounds during the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe. The battle was famous, and "Old Tippecanoe" became Harrison's nickname. But the battle made the Native Americans so angry that they cursed his name.
The last President included in this "curse" to die was John F. Kennedy. He was elected in 1960 and assassinated in 1963. Two later Presidents elected in "0" years: Ronald Reagan (1980), survived an assassination attempt and George W. Bush (2000), who also survived an assassination attempt.
Current President Joe Biden would be next in line seeing how he was elected in 2020.
Presidents
The following Presidents were part of the "curse":
William Henry Harrison (1841) (Pneumonia)
Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865, second term) (Assassinated)
James A. Garfield (1881) (Assassinated)
William McKinley (1897-1901, second term) (Assassinated)
Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) (Pneumonia)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945, fourth term) (Brain hemorrhage)
John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) (Assassinated)
The only president who died in office without being elected in a "cursed" year was Zachary Taylor, who was elected in 1848 and died in 1850.
Survivors
The most recent two Presidents elected in a "zero" year survived the "curse":
Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) (Assassination attempt)
George W. Bush (2001-2009) (Assassination attempt)
Many people think that the curse was broken or lifted when John Hinckley tried to kill Ronald Reagan while he left a hotel in Washington, D.C.. After Reagan survived the attack no other Presidents after him were harmed until George W. Bush was elected.
References
Other websites
The Mortal Presidency: Film and Documentary Shapell Manuscript Foundation
History of the United States
William Henry Harrison
Miranda (novel)

Miranda is a novel written by Antoni Lange in 1924. It is the last great work of Lange and his most famous book today. It is said that Miranda is an "occultic fiction" and a "romance ranked to a philosophical treaty". The novel is also known as a mix of dystopia and utopia.
The novel was translated into English (in 1968), French, Spanish and Italian.
Explanation of the novel's title
The novel's title refers to the character Miranda, from Shakespeare's play The Tempest. Miranda also has been influenced by work such as: Men Like Gods by Herbert George Wells; The City of the Sun by Tommaso Campanella; Lenore by Edgar Allan Poe,;Genezis z Ducha by Juliusz Slowacki; poems by Cyprian Kamil Norwid; writings of Friedrich Nietzsche (criticism of concept of the Ubermensch); Arthur Schopenhauer; Plato; and Sanskrit epics of ancient India.
Plot summary
The novel tells about a civilization of Brahmans who have powerful skills. They can speak with their minds, and levitate (float in the air). The Brahmans in the book think the most important things are anarchy, freedom, peace, and free love. Their country is led by the Ministry of Love, Ministry of Power and Ministry of Wisdom. The Brahmans use a strange chemical named Nivridium to keep their self-perfect idea. The story is the of a Polish emigrant named Jan Podobloczny (Lange's own parte-parole) falling in love with a woman named Damayanti. The book ends in a tragedy. In the last chapter of the novel, Damayanti sacrifices her body in order to let her spirit fly to a greater level of though.
Miranda is a Scottish spiritual medium, who lives in Warsaw. She can talk with the soul of Damayanti and make a woman named Lenore appear. She meets Jan Podobloczny when he is close to his death. In the moment when Damayanti dies, Miranda disappears.
References
1924 books
Novels
1998 Quebec general election

The 1998 Quebec general election was held on November 30. Lucien Bouchard's Parti Quebecois won a majority of seats and Jean Charest's Quebec Liberal Party formed the opposition.
References
General elections in Canada
1990s elections in Canada
1998 in Canada
1990s in Quebec
Elections in Quebec
Bull Shoals, Arkansas

Bull Shoals is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Queensland Rail

Queensland Rail (often shortened to QR) is a railway company that operates a number of trains in Queensland, Australia. It is also responsible for a maintaining certain railway tracks. It is owned by the government.
1860s establishments in Australia
1865 establishments
Railway companies
Australian transport companies
Rail transport in Australia
Organizations based in Brisbane
A Girl Like Me: The Gwen Araujo Story

A Girl Like Me: The Gwen Araujo Story is a 2006 LGBT biography television movie that was directed by Agnieszka Holland and was shown on the Lifetime Television network. The story is about the real life murder of Gwen Araujo, a transgender teenager who was murdered after some people that she knew found out that she had male sex organs. Scenes showing the murder trial are shown alternating with the story of Gwen's life.
The movie stars J.D. Pardo as Gwen, Mercedes Ruehl as her mother, and Avan Jogia as her brother, Danny. It first aired on the Lifetime Television network on June 19, 2006.
References
Other websites
Official site
Rolling Stone article about the real life events
2006 movies
LGBT movies
Transgender
Movies directed by Agnieszka Holland
American movies
Everything at Once

Everything at Once is a song written and recorded by Lenka, released on November 5, 2012. It is from her second studio album Two. It was originally released as a promotional single in 2011, but about a year later, it was re-released as a single. It reached number-one on a billboard chart in Germany.
References
2012 songs
Borgofranco d'Ivrea

Borgofranco d'Ivrea is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport

Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport or Guadalajara International Airport, is an airport in Guadalajara, Mexico. It opened in 1966.
Airlines
These are the airlines that go to Guadalajara Airport:
Aeromar
Aeromexico (hub)
Alaska Airlines
American Airlines
Copa Airlines
Delta Air Lines
Delta Connection
Interjet
Magnicharters
TAR
United Airlines
United Express
VivaAerobus (hub)
Volaris (hub)
References
Guadalajara
Airports in North America
Transport in Mexico
1966 establishments in North America
1960s establishments in Mexico
Once

Once is the fifth album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.
Track listing
Dark Chest of Wonders - 4.28
Wish I Had an Angel - 4.05
Nemo - 4.36
Planet Hell - 4.38
Creek Mary's Blood - 8.29
The Siren - 4.46
Dead Gardens - 4.28
Romanticide - 4.58
Ghost Love Score - 10.02
Kuolema tekee taiteilijan - 3.58
Higher Than Hope - 5.37
Personnel
Tarja Turunen - vocals
Tuomas Holopainen - keyboards
Emppu Vuorinen - guitars
Marco Hietala - bass guitar
Jukka Nevalainen - drums
2004 albums
Anchorman

Anchorman is a franchise of three US comedy movies directed by Adam McKay, produced by Judd Apatow and starring Will Ferrell, all co-produced by Apatow's production company Apatow Productions, two first by DreamWorks, and one last by Paramount Pictures. All films from the franchise is Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Wake Up, Ron Burgundy: The Lost Movie (2004) and Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013).
Cast and roles
Team
References
Other websites
English-language movies
DreamWorks Pictures movies
Kongsberg Spacetec

Kongsberg Spacetec AS or KSPT or Spacetec A/S is a supplier of space systems and services and is part of Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace's Space & Surveillance division. The ground services station is in Tromso, Norway. The company is co-located with Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT) and Tromso Satellite Station (TSS).
The company was created by employees of Tromso Satellite Station, which had been operating since 1967. They created Drive Electronics in 1982, but it was bankrupt two years later. The company was recreated as Spacetec, which was registered on 11 December 1984. The company was created with a stock of NOK 5 million or NOK 1,000 per share. Spacetec created a joint company called Norspace. The companies that it was created from are Norsk Data, Computas, Informasjonskontroll and Noratom. Its job was to act as a supplier for the European Space Agency. By 1986, the company had eighteen employees. It received a state subsidy of NOK 6.25 million to help pay for its expansion.
References
Companies of Norway
Annie Up

Annie Up is the second studio album by Pistol Annies. The album was released on May 7, 2013 through RCA Records Nashville.
2013 albums
Hou Feng

Hou Feng (; 3 February 1928 - 7 November 2020) was a Chinese engineer. He was known for his works in plant breeding. He was known for his disease resistant cucumber, which earned him the nickname "Cucumber King" ().
He was a member of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and Chinese Society for Horticultural Science (CSHS).
Hou died of illness in Tianjin, on November 7, 2020 at the age of 92.
References
1928 births
2020 deaths
Agricultural engineers
Chinese engineers
Scots

Scots is a West Germanic language. It is sometimes called Lowland Scots or Lallans. It is not Scottish English but the two are similar. Scottish English is a dialect of English and Scots is a separate language. Ulster Scots is a form of Scots found in the north of Ireland. Scots is very different from the Scottish Gaelic language, which is a Celtic language.
There have been disagreements about the linguistic, historical and social status of Scots. Focused broad Scots is at one end of a scale, with Scottish Standard English at the other. Scots is generally regarded as one of the ancient varieties of English, and has its own distinct variants such as Doric.
History
Origin
Northumbrian Old English was established in what is now southeastern Scotland as far as the River Forth by the seventh century. The region was part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Early Scots began to diverge from Northumbrian English in the twelfth and thirteenth century. There was immigration of Scandinavian-influenced Middle English-speakers from the North and Midlands of England.
Later influences on the development of Scots were from Romance languages via ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Norman and later Parisian French from the Auld Alliance and Dutch and Middle Low German influences by trade and immigration from the Low Countries. Scots also includes loanwords from contact with Gaelic.
13-14th century
From the 13th century, Early Scots spread further into Scotland through the burghs established by King David I. The growth in prestige of Early Scots in the 14th century and the decline of French in Scotland made Scots the prestige dialect in most of eastern Scotland.
17th century
From 1610 to the 1690s, during the Plantation of Ulster, many Scots-speaking Lowlanders, about 200,000, settled there. In the core areas of Scots settlement, there were five or six times as many Scots as English settlers. Southern Modern English was adopted as the literary language after 1700, and "Modern Scots" is sometimes used to describe the spoken language after 1700.
Related pages
Scots Wikipedia
References
Scotland
West Germanic languages
Public house

Public houses (better known as pubs) are businesses that serve alcoholic drinks such as beer, cider and ale, and usually also non-alcoholic drinks such as lemonade, cola, tea, and coffee to be consumed within the limits of the public house. They are subject to the licensing laws of the country. They may be closed down if not properly conducted. Many pubs also sell food such as fish and chips and meat pies.
Pubs are found in English-speaking countries such as England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Canada, Australia and the United States. In villages and small towns in many parts of England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, pubs are the centre of community life. Some pubs hire bands or singers to entertain customers. If the pub has rooms where people can sleep at night, it is usually called an inn.
Ownership and staffing
Public houses may be owned and operated in different ways. Breweries may own a number of pubs themselves. Pubs may be run as franchises by large catering companies. However they are owned, a pub will be managed by a "landlord" or "landlady". Employees do different jobs to provide good service. Bartenders (also called "barmen" or "barmaids") serve drinks at the bar. In most pubs, the customer orders the drinks at the bar and waits for them to be prepared, then carries the drinks back to the tables or area of seating. In some types of pubs may sit at the bar or remain standing with their drinks. Some pubs hire servers, called waiters or waitresses, to bring drinks to people who are sitting at tables or in chairs. Some pubs also hire people to take away empty bottles and glasses, though commonly the bartenders will do this as well.
Pubs that serve food have cooks, dishwashers, and servers to prepare, cook, and serve the food. Bands and singers who entertain customers during the evening are not usually employees of the pub. Instead, the pub signs a contract with these entertainers, in which the entertainer promises to come to the pub on a specified day or night, in return for a sum of money.
Comparison with nightclubs
Another type of business that serves alcohol is the nightclub. Like pubs, some nightclubs also serve food and have bands or singers as entertainers. Most people go to nightclubs because they enjoy the music and dancing. However, nightclubs often have a much wider selection of alcoholic drinks than pubs. Most nightclubs sell a number of different brands of spirits, liqueurs, wine, sherry, and aperitifs.
The bartenders (also called "barmen" or "barmaids") at nightclubs often make a much larger variety of mixed drinks, or cocktails, than those who work in pubs.
Notes
Places where alcohol is served
Restaurants
Schwerte

Schwerte is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 48,000 people live there. Schwerte is in the Ruhr valley just north of the mountainous Sauerland region. The Ruhr river runs through the center of Schwerte. Schwerte is a popular cycling destination for tourists.
History
Schwerte received civic rights in the 12th century. It was a member of the medieval Hanseatic League. During World War II Schwerte housed a branch of the Buchenwald concentration camp. The camp held 710 prisoners.
Controversy
In 2015 Schwerte officials have proposed housing refugees at the site of the former concentration camp. The plan has been criticized as a bad idea by many Germans including the premier of North Rhine-Westphalia. Officials say the buildings were built after the war and should not be a problem. Refugees coming to Germany include those from Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Kosovo and Serbia.
References
Other websites
Official site
Heimatverein Ergste Internet site of the local history society of Ergste
Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg
Unna Rural District
Nikolai Krogius

Nikolai Vladimirovich Krogius (July 22, 1930 - July 14, 2022) was a Russian Chess Grandmaster, International Arbiter (1985), psychologist, chess coach, chess administrator, and author. He coached World Champion Boris Spassky for many years. He also was chairman of the USSR Chess Federation. He was the co-winner of the 1993 World Senior Chess Championship.
Krogius died on July 14, 2022 in New York City, eight days before his 92nd birthday.
References
1930 births
2022 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Russian chess players
Russian writers
Soviet chess players
Jerry Adler

Jerry Adler (born February 4, 1929) is an American actor, director and producer. He is probably best known for his roles as Herman "Hesh" Rabkin in The Sopranos (1999-2007) and as Howard Lyman in The Good Wife (2011-2016). He has also directed a number of plays.
Adler was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He grew up in a Jewish household.
References
Other websites
1929 births
Living people
Actors from Brooklyn
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American theatre directors
Jewish American actors
Banchory

Banchory (Scottish Gaelic: Beannchar, 'blessed place') is a burgh or town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, lying approximately 18 miles west of Aberdeen, near where the Feugh River meets the River Dee.
Other websites
Banchory Air Training Corps
Rotary Club of Banchory-Ternan
Visit Banchory - Gateway to Royal Deeside
Banchory Community Website
Official Burnett Worldwide Website
Banchory Ternan East Parish Church
References
Towns in Aberdeenshire
Wamba

Wamba is a small town in Kenya. It is in the Samburu district. The Wamba administrative division is there. The town has a big Catholic hospital. The hospital is considered important to the Samburu district. The town plays a role in the tourism industry in Kenya. It has strong ties with Prince William of Britain due to his efforts to promote conservation and ties with Samburu communities.
References
Settlements in Kenya
Towns in Africa
The Saturday Evening Post

The Saturday Evening Post is an American magazine. It started publication in 1897. Its origins are traced to Benjamin Franklin's colonial newspaper The Pennsylvania Gazette. The Post was famous for its covers by Norman Rockwell and the single-panel comic strip Hazel by Ted Key. Contents included short fiction, poetry, and humor. Jack London's novel The Call of the Wild was first published in the Post in 1903.
Other websites
American weekly magazines
1897 establishments in the United States
Clermont-Créans

Clermont-Creans is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
References
Communes in Sarthe
Robin Chandler Duke

Robin Chandler Duke (born Grace Esther Tippett; October 13, 1923 - February 6, 2016) was an American socialite, journalist, women's rights advocate and diplomat. She served as the United States Ambassador to Norway from September 12, 2000 until March 1, 2001.
Duke was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She was married to actor Jeffrey Lynn and later diplomat Angier Biddle Duke until his death in 1995. She had three children.
Duke died on February 6, 2016 in Charleston, South Carolina. She was aged 92.
References
1923 births
2016 deaths
American activists
American diplomats
American journalists
American socialites
Disease-related deaths in South Carolina
Writers from Baltimore
Ambassadors of the United States to Norway
Politicians from Baltimore
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Council of Women World Leaders

The Council of Women World Leaders, created in 1996, is a network of 77 current and former Presidents and Prime Ministers. It is the only organization in the world dedicated to women heads of state and government. The Council's Ministerial Initiative also involves current and former cabinet ministers and secretaries in the work of the Council.
Leadership
Madeleine Albright: Founding Chair of the Ministerial Initiative (1996-2007); Secretary of State of the United States (1997-2001)
Kathy Calvin: CEO (2009-present); President (2013-2019) of the United Nations Foundation
Kim Campbell: Prime Minister of Canada (1993); Council Chair (1999-2003)
Vigdis Finnbogadottir: President of Iceland (1980-1996); Founding Council Chair (1996-1999)
Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic: President of Croatia (2015-2020); Council Chair (2019-2020)
Dalia Grybauskaite: President of Lithuania (2009-2019); Council Chair (2014-2019)
Tarja Halonen: President of Finland (2000-2012); Council Chair (2009-2014)
Katrin Jakobsdottir: Prime Minister of Iceland (2018-present); Council Chair (2020-present)
Laura Liswood: Secretary General (1996-present)
Mary Robinson: President of Ireland (1990-1997); Council Chair (2003-2009)
Margot Wallstrom: Chair of the Ministerial Initiative (2007-present); First Vice President of the European Commission (2004-2010); Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden (2014-2019)
Other websites
Official website
International organizations
Lina Al-Tarawneh

Lina Nayel Al-Tarawneh () is a Jordanian-Qatari climate activist.
Activism
Lina Al-Tarawneh has Jordanian nationality but she was born in Qatar. She lived in Doha and studied "medicine" at Qatar University. In 2015, she and her parents made a trip to Al Khor Island (also known as Purple Island) about 50 kilometers north of Doha. There, she saw the mangroves for the first time. She fell in love with the beautiful region. She discovered that few people in Qatar knew this region. She also saw that there was a lot of litter. So, she decided to do something about it. In October 2016, Al-Tarawneh applied and won a competition called the "Harvard Social Innovation Collaborative Global Trailblazer". The program gave five young entrepreneurs from around the world the opportunity to present their ideas at the annual "Igniting Innovation Summit on Social Entrepreneurshipat Harvard University". Together with her elder sister Dina, she founded the NGO "Green Mangroves" in 2017. After receiving a $15,000 of grant from the Ford Motor Company in 2017, she invested in the NGO. It was through the purchase of kayaks. The association organizes kayak trips with the aim of clearing litter.
References
Jordanian people
Qatari people
Climate activists
Laura Olascuaga

Laura Victoria Olascuaga Pinto (born 1995 in Cartagena, Colombia) is a Colombian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Colombia 2020 pageant on November 16, 2020. She will represent Colombia at Miss Universe 2020.
Life and career
Early life
Olascuaga was born in Cartagena, the capital of the department of Bolivar. She graduated from the Universedad del Norte in Barranquilla, where she earned her bachelor's degree in social communication and journalism.
Pageantry
Olascuaga began her pageantry career representing the department of Bolivar in Senorita Colombia on November 12, 2018. She placed first runner up, being awarded the title of "Virreina", but resigned the following day. On November 16, 2020, Olascauga, representing the department of Bolivar, won the title of Miss Universe Colombia 2020 and was crowned by former Miss Germany and current director of Miss Universe Colombia, Natalie Ackermann. As the new titleholder, Olascuaga will represent Colombia at Miss Universe 2020.
References
Models
Beauty pageant winners
Colombian models
1995 births
Living people
Neotropic

In context of biogeography, Neotropic or Neotropical means one of the world's eight terrestrial ecozones.
This ecozone includes South and Central America, the Mexican lowlands, the Caribbean islands, and southern Florida, because these regions share a large number of plant and animal groups.
It is sometimes used as a synonym for the tropical area of South America, although the ecozone also includes temperate southern South America.
Its fauna and flora are distinct from the Nearctic (which includes most of North America) because of the long separation of the two continents. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama joined the two continents 2 to 3 million years ago.
The Neotropic includes more tropical rainforest than any other ecozone. They extend from southern Mexico through Central America and northern South America to southern Brazil and include the Amazon Rainforest. These rainforest ecoregions are one of the most important reserves of biodiversity on Earth. Extensive deforestation in the late 20th century has reduced this diversity to a degree.
Other websites
Map of the ecozones
Eco-Index, a bilingual searchable reference of conservation and research projects in the Neotropics; a service of the Rainforest Alliance
References
Cox, C. Barry; Peter D. Moore 1985. Biogeography: an ecological and evolutionary approach. 4th ed, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Dinerstein, Eric; David Olson; Douglas J. Graham; et al. 1995. A conservation assessment of the terrestrial ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. World Bank, Washington DC.
Schultz J.: 2005. The Ecozones of the World. 2nd ed, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York.
Udvardy M.D.F. 1975. A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world. IUCN Occasional Paper #18. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN.
Ecozones
Liganga

Liganga is a place in Tanzania where iron is mined. There is also Vanadium and Titanium there. It is near Lake Malawi.
Mining
Lingwa de planeta

Lingwa de planeta (also Lidepla or LdP) is a constructed international auxiliary language. It uses words from the ten most widely spoken languages in the world: Arabic, Chinese, English, Spanish, German, Hindi, Persian, Portuguese, Russian and French.
Example of text
The Lord's Prayer in Lingwa de Planeta:
Nuy Patra kel es pa swarga,
hay Yur nam fa-sante,
hay Yur reging lai,
hay yur vola fulfil
i pa arda i pa swarga.
Dai ba a nu nuy pan fo jivi sedey
e pardoni ba a nu nuy deba,
kom nu pardoni toy-las kel debi a nu.
Bye dukti nu inu temta
e protekti nu fon bada.
References
Constructed languages
Pavlo Kuznietsov

Pavlo Serhiyovych Kuznietsov (; 1 May 1950 - 27 January 2022) was a Ukrainian politician. He was a member of the Communist Party of Ukraine. He was in the Verkhovna Rada from 1998 to 2002. He was born in Taganrog, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.
Kuznietsov died of COVID-19 in Kyiv, Ukraine on 27 January 2022, at the age of 71.
References
1950 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine
Members of the Verkhovna Rada
Enrico Berlinguer

Enrico Berlinguer (1922 - 1984) was an Italian politician. He was national secretary of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) from 1972 until his death.
Berlinguer was considered the most popular leader of the PCI. He is known for lessening the influence of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Italy.
Berlinguer was an atheist.
References
1922 births
1984 deaths
Italian atheists
Italian communists
Italian politicians
People from Sardinia
Susan

The name Susan [ soo-zuhn ] is a female given name, based around the name Susanna; the name was extremely popular in the United States during earlier parts of the 20th century. The moniker Susan has its roots in Hebrew and signifies "lily." Its etymology can be traced back to the Hebrew term "shoshan," which also means "lily." In biblical references, the lily symbolizes purity and innocence and is frequently associated with the Virgin Mary. Famous people with the name include Susan Lucci and Susan Sarandon. Susan Collins is a United States Senator from Maine; she has been so since 1994. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
People
Susan Rice, American diplomat, policy advisor, and public official
Susan Polgar, Hungarian chess player
Susan Sarandon, American actress and activist
References
Given names
Chase Tower

Chase Tower is the name of two buildings.
Chase Tower (Chicago)
Chase Tower (Indianapolis)
Isomalt

Isomalt is a natural substitute for sugar. It is a kind of sugar alcohol. It is used mainly to replace sugar in some products, like bubble gum, candies,chocolate or ice cream. This makes it different from other artificial sweeteners. It is also known as E563.
Sweeteners
Ashford & Simpson

Ashford & Simpson were an American R&B music duo who had a lot of hit singles dating to the mid 1960s and continuing through the early 1990s. The duo consisted of Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson. Ashford was born May 4, 1941 and died due to throat cancer, August 22, 2011; Simpson was on August 26, 1946. Singers associated with Ashford & Simpson included Marvin Gaye and Diana Ross.
American R&B bands
Eureka College

Eureka College is a Christian liberal arts college in the United States. It is in Eureka, Illinois. It was established in 1855. Abraham Lincoln once spoke on the campus of the college in 1856. Ronald Reagan graduated from the college in 1932. In 2010, Eureka College was made a national historic district by the National Park Service.
References
Colleges and universities in Illinois
1855 establishments in Illinois
Pierce Brosnan

Pierce Brendan Brosnan (born 16 May 1953) is an Irish-American actor. Brosnan holds both Irish and American citizenship. He was born in Drogheda, County Louth. He used to play the part of James Bond. He played the roles of Mr. Brunner and Chiron in Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, Stu Dunmeyer in Mrs. Doubtfire, and was in Mamma Mia!. He will play Doctor Fate in the 2022 DC Extended Universe movie Black Adam.
References
Other websites
1953 births
Living people
Actors who played James Bond
American environmentalists
American movie actors
American movie producers
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Honorary Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Irish movie actors
Irish stage actors
Irish television actors
Irish voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from County Louth
Gerry Steinberg

Gerald Neil "Gerry" Steinberg (20 April 1945 - 21 August 2015) was a Labour Party politician. He was Member of Parliament for the City of Durham from 1987 until his retirement in 2005.
Steinberg was born in Durham. He died on 21 August 2015 after a long illness, aged 70.
References
1945 births
2015 deaths
British teachers
Durham, England
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
People from County Durham
UK MPs 1987-1992
UK MPs 1992-1997
UK MPs 1997-2001
UK MPs 2001-2005
Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho

Moshoeshoe II (2 May 1938 - 15 January 1996), previously known as Constantine Bereng Seeiso, was the paramount chief of Lesotho. He was king of Lesotho from 1966 until his exile in 1990, and from 1995 until his death in 1996.
References
1938 births
1996 deaths
Road accident deaths
Kings of Lesotho
Migration period

The migration period, or barbarian invasions or Volkerwanderung happened in AD 300-700 in Europe, at the end of ancient history and during the Early Middle Ages.
The migrations included the Goths, Vandals, Franks, and other Germanic; Bulgar; and Slavic tribes. They may have been influenced by attacks of the Huns in the East and may also be connected to the Turkic migrations in Central Asia, overpopulation, or climate changes. The migration period also included groups of Angles, Saxons, Frisians, and some Jutes to Britain.
Migrations would continue well into the Middle Ages, beyond 1000 AD, with successive waves of Slavs, Roma, Avars, Bulgars, Hungarians, Pechenegs, Cumans, and Tatars, which changed the ethnic makeup of Eastern Europe. Historians in Western Europe, however, tend to stress the migrations that were most relevant to that area.
Related pages
Human migration
References
Other websites
J.B. Bury (1923). History of the Later Roman Empire
Periods and ages in history
Dimbsthal

Dimbsthal is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Crash Test Dummy

A crash test dummy is a test device (commonly abbreviated 'ATD') that is made to be close to the same shape, size, heaviness, proportions and articulation of the human body. They sometimes have equipment embedded in them that measures data about how hard things are hitting it and how fast the ATD is moving around. ATDs have many applications but are commonly used in simulated (test) car crashes to see how safe the cars are for people when they crash. There are many different kinds of dummies with different weights, for example, dummies that are the same size and weight as a baby.
Robots
Mohammadreza Abbasi

Mohammadreza Abbasi (born July 27, 1996) is an Iranian Footballer Winger who currently plays for Zob Ahan.
Club career
Zob Ahan
Abbasi was part of Zob Ahan Academy since 2010. He promoted to first team by Yahya Golmohammadi as summer 2014 with 3 years contract. He made his debut for Zob Ahan as September 4, 2014 against Saipa as a starter.
Club Career Statistics
Honours
Club
Zob Ahan
Hazfi Cup (2): 2014-15, 2015-16
Iranian Super Cup (1): 2016
References
Other websites
Mohammadreza Abbasi at IranLeague.ir
Mohammadreza Abbasi at PersianLeague.com
1996 births
Association football midfielders
Iranian footballers
Living people
Michel Roux

Michel Roux (19 April 1941 - 11 March 2020), also known as Michel Roux Sr., was a French-born British chef and restaurateur. Along with his brother Albert, he opened Le Gavroche, later to become the first restaurant in Britain to have three Michelin stars. The brothers also opened The Waterside Inn, which was the first restaurant outside France to hold three stars for a period of 25 years.
The Roux brothers have been described as the "godfathers of modern restaurant cuisine in the UK." He founded the Roux Brothers Scholarship, along with Albert, in 1984. He worked as a consultant for companies such as British Airways and Celebrity Cruises. He was also a food writer and appeared on television shows such as Saturday Kitchen, MasterChef and The Roux Legacy.
Roux was born in Charolles, Saone-et-Loire. His son is chef Alain Roux. Chef Michel Roux Jr. is the son of his brother Albert.
On 11 March 2020, Roux died in Bray, Berkshire, at the age of 78. The cause of his death was idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
References
Other websites
1941 births
2020 deaths
British businesspeople
British chefs
Deaths from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Disease-related deaths in England
French businesspeople
French chefs
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Restaurateurs
Kirby Puckett

Anthony Kirby Puckett (more often known simply as Kirby Puckett; March 14, 1960 - March 6, 2006) was an American baseball player. He was born in Chicago. He played for the Minnesota Twins from 1984 to 1995. He had many home run hits and doubles. He retired because of bad vision in one eye. Kirby died on March 6, 2006 in Phoenix, Arizona from a hemorrhagic stroke.
Sportspeople from Chicago
1960 births
2006 deaths
Minnesota Twins players
Deaths from stroke
World Games

The World Games are an international multi-sport event. The sports played at The World Games are sports which are not played in the Olympic Games. They are governed by the International World Games Association.
The first World Games were held in 1981 in Santa Clara, California. Since then, they are held every four years, the year after the Summer Olympics.
Official sports and disciplines
42 sports are part of The World Games. There are many disciplines for some sports. Not all of the sports are played at every World Games event.
References
Paraves

Paraves is a branch-based clade containing birds (clade Aves) and other closely related dinosaurs. The paravians include the Avialae, such as Archaeopteryx, and the Deinonychosauria, which includes the dromaeosaurids and troodontids.
The name Paraves was coined by Paul Sereno in 1997. The clade was defined by Sereno in 1998 as a branch-based clade containing all Maniraptora closer to modern birds than to Oviraptor.
The work of Xu and colleagues provide examples of basal and early paravians with four wings, including members of the Avialae (Pedopenna), Dromaeosauridae (Microraptor), and Troodontidae (Anchiornis).
Relationships
The cladogram presented below follows a study by Zhang and colleagues.
Related pages
Origin of birds
References
Coelurosaurs
Birds
Fossils
Aparajitavarman

Aparajitavarman (fl. c. 880-897 CE) was a king of the Pallava dynasty. He was the last king of the Pallava dynasty. He was killed in 897 CE in a battle against Aditya I. In 880 CE Aparajita had defeated and killed Varagunavarman II.
References
Pallava dynasty
R188 (New York City Subway Cars)

The R188 is a New York City Subway Car by Kawasaki for the New York City Subway. This series is composed of 126 new cars built from 2012 to 2016 and 380 R142A conversation cars originally built from 1999 to 2002. The R188 are used by the A division and run exclusively on the IRT Flushing Line.
New York City Subway
George Lamming

George Lamming OCC (8 June 1927 - 4 June 2022) was a Barbadian novelist, essayist, and poet. He was best known for his 1953 novel In the Castle of My Skin. He also was a professor at Duke University and a visiting professor in the Africana Studies Department of Brown University.
Lamming died in Barbados on 4 June 2022, four days before his 95th birthday.
References
1927 births
2022 deaths
Barbadian writers
Novelists
Poets
Essayists
Academics
Abderrahmane Meziani

Abderrahmane Meziani (12 May 1942 - 2 June 2016) was a professional Algerian footballer. He played as a forward for the national football team in 1963.
Meziani died from a heart disease in Algiers on 2 June 2016, aged 74.
References
1942 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from heart disease
Footballers from Algiers
Association football forwards
Ipatinga

Ipatinga is a Brazilian city in the Vale do Aco metropolitan area, state of Minas Gerais. Its population in 2009 was 244.508 inhabitants. Its area is . The city was founded in April 29, 1964.
It's limited with Caratinga, Coronel Fabriciano, Mesquita, Santana do Paraiso and Timoteo.
Images
Other websites
Official site of Ipatinga
Cities in Minas Gerais
Vale do Aco metropolitan area
1964 establishments in Brazil
Alexey Sorokin (admiral)

Alexey Ivanovich Sorokin () (28 March 1922 - 4 March 2020) was a Soviet Admiral of the Fleet. He was a member of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. He was a political officer and studied at the Lenin Military-Political Academy between 1948 and 1952.
Sorokin died on 4 March 2020 in Moscow at the age of 97.
Honours and awards
Order of Lenin
Order of October Revolution
Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, twice, and 2nd class
Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Order of the Red Star, twice
Order for Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR, 3rd class
Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin"
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
References
Other websites
Page in Russian
Sorokin's personal web page in Russian
1922 births
2020 deaths
Soviet military people
Soviet politicians
Richard R. Ernst

Richard Robert Ernst (14 August 1933 - 4 June 2021) was a Swiss physical chemist. He was born in Winterthur, Switzerland. Ernst won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1991 for his works on the creation of Fourier transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy while at Varian Associates in Palo Alto, California.
Ernst was married to Magdalena until his death. Together, they had three children.
Ernst died on 4 June 2021 in Winterthur at the age of 87.
Works
Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in One and Two Dimensions, Clarendon Press, 1987
Richard R. Ernst: Nobelpreistrager aus Winterthur, Hier und Jetzt, Baden 2020
Alois Feusi: Richard Ernst: Der Selbstzweifler, dem der Nobelpreis peinlich war. Summary of his autobiography. Neue Zurcher Zeitung, 21 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020
References
1933 births
2021 deaths
Swiss chemists
Swiss writers
Swiss Nobel Prize winners
People from Winterthur
Ninian Stephen

Sir Ninian Martin Stephen, (15 June 1923 - 29 October 2017) was an Australian jurist, civil servant, and politician. He served as the 20th Governor-General of Australia and as a Justice in the High Court of Australia.
Stephen died in Melbourne on 29 October 2017, aged 94.
References
Other websites
Supreme Court of Victoria Website
The Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre website
1923 births
2017 deaths
Governors-General of Australia
Australian judges
Australian civil servants
People from Oxfordshire
Upasni Maharaj

Upasni Maharaj (May 15, 1870 - December 24, 1941) was a Hindu guru who lived in a small village called Sakori in Maharashtra, India. Upasni had been a yogi and after coming to the famous Indian saint Sai Baba of Shirdi, and staying in his care for three years, he is said to have become a sadguru. Upasni is most famous as the guru of Indian spiritual teacher Meher Baba. There are still disciples of Upasni Maharaj today who live in Sakori and take care of his temple there.
The principal teachings of Upasni Maharaj were:
Don't trouble others
Become useful to others, even if it costs you suffering.
Always remain content and in the state of Be as it may.
References
Hindu gurus
1870 births
1941 deaths
Enköping Municipality

Enkoping Municipality () is a municipality in Uppsala County in central Sweden. The seat is in Enkoping.
References
Other websites
Enkoping Municipality
Municipalities of Uppsala County
Merlot

Merlot is a type of red wine and it is the main agricultural production of the Swiss canton called ticino.
Wine
Times Square Ball

The Times Square Ball is a time ball (a ball dropped at a certain time) at the top of the One Times Square building in Times Square in New York City. It is used as part of the New Year's Eve celebration held yearly in Times Square.
Every year at 11:59 p.m. EST, the ball is lowered 141 feet (43 m) from a flagpole, reaching the bottom at midnight to signal the start of a new year. The first ball drop took place on December 31, 1907. It has been dropped every year since then (except in 1942 and 1943 because of World War II). The ball's design has been changed many times over the years. The current design has LED lighting and triangle-shaped crystal panels. Starting in 2009, the ball is shown in One Times Square throughout the year.
The Times Square ball drop is one of the best-known New Year's Eve celebrations in the world. Over one million people come to Times Square every year to see the ball drop. The ball drop is shown on several major television networks. The best known is ABC, which broadcasts Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve, hosted by Dick Clark until his death in 2012. Ryan Seacrest has hosted the show since 2005-06. In 1904 they organized an New Years Eve party at Times Square without the ball.
References
Other websites
Official website
Times Square New Year's Eve website
Manhattan
Monster's Ball

Monster's Ball is a 2001 American romantic drama movie directed by Marc Forster and starring Billy Bob Thornton, Halle Barry, Heath Ledger, Peter Boyle, Sean Combs, Mos Def. It was distributed by Lionsgate Films and was nominated for 2 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 2002.
Other websites
2001 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies directed by Marc Forster
Movies set in Georgia (U.S. state)