pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pink, Oklahoma

Pink is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Towns in Oklahoma
Life peer

A Life Peer is a member of the British House of Lords, who is appointed to serve for his or her lifetime. The first life peers were made in the 19th century, to help the House of Lords carry out its job as England's highest court, but this is now done by the Supreme Court.
Politics of the United Kingdom
Trinkets (TV series)

Trinkets is an American web television series based on the book by Kirsten Smith.It was released on Netflix in June 2019 and was later renewed for a second and last season two.
Cast
Brianna Hildebrand as Elodie Davis
Davis Madeira as Moe Truax
Quintessa Swindell as Tabitha Foster
Brandon Butler as Brady Finch
Odiseas Georgiadis as Noah Simos
Larry Sullivan as Doug Davis
Dana Green as Jenna
Linden Ashby as Whit Foster
October Moore as Vicky Truax
Guest stars
Henry Zaga as Luca Novak
Parker Hall as Spencer
Jessica Lynn Skinner as Kayla Landis
Haley Tju as Rachelle Cohen-Strauss
Katrina Cunningham as Sabine
Joy Bryant as Lori Foster
Chloe Levine as Jillian (season 2)
Austin Crute as Marquise (season 2)
Nik Dodani as Chase
Release
The first season was released on Netflix on June 14, 2019. The second season was released on August 25, 2020.
References
American television series
American teen drama television series
Netflix original series
Jake Butcher

Jacob Franklin Butcher (1936 - July 19, 2017) was an American banker and politician. He built a financial empire in East Tennessee. He was the Democratic Party nominee for governor of Tennessee in 1978. He was known for his promotion of the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee. He lost his business and his personal fortune after he was found to have engaged in massive fraud.
Butcher died in Atlanta, Georgia on July 19, 2017 at the age of 81.
References
Other websites
Jacob Franklin "Jake" Butcher, Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, 2009
1936 births
2017 deaths
Businesspeople from Tennessee
American fraudsters
Politicians from Knoxville, Tennessee
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Hurricane Iota

Hurricane Iota was a devastating late-season Category 4 Atlantic hurricane which caused severe damage to areas of Central America already devastated by Hurricane Eta just less than two weeks prior. The 31st and final tropical cyclone, 30th named storm, 14th hurricane, and record-tying seventh major hurricane of the record-breaking 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Iota originated as a tropical wave that moved into the Eastern Caribbean on November 10. Over the next few days, the wave began to become better organized and by November 13, it developed into a tropical depression north of Colombia. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Iota six hours later. The storm was initially impacted by some wind shear, but a center relocation and relaxed shear allowed Iota to quickly strengthen into a hurricane on November 15, after which it underwent explosive intensification, peaking at Category 5 with wind speeds of 160 mph (257 km/h), operationally. However, the peak was adjusted down to a 155 mph (249 km/h) high-end Category 4 in post-season analysis. After weakening slightly, Iota made landfall in northeastern Nicaragua as a high-end Category 4 hurricane, becoming the strongest recorded hurricane to make landfall in Nicaragua in November. Iota then rapidly weakened as it moved inland, dissipating on November 18, the storm killed 61 people and 41 were reported missing during the storm
References
November 2020 events
2020 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
Retired tropical cyclone names
Montblanc, Tarragona

Montblanc is a town in Catalonia, which is a nation inside Spain. It's the capital of its comarca (an administrative division), called Conca de Barbera.
Towns in Spain
Municipalities in Catalonia
Ponytail

A ponytail is a common hairstyle. It is a tied back section of hair on the scalp. It is held by a hair tie or clip, and hangs freely from that point. They are worn by people of any gender.
Hairstyles
Richard Nelson Frye

Richard Nelson Frye (January 10, 1920 - March 27, 2014) was an American professor. He was the Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Harvard University. His professional areas of interest were Iranian philology and the history of Iran and Central Asia before 1000 CE.
Frye died in Boston, Massachusetts from natural causes, aged 94.
References
1920 births
2014 deaths
American historians
American teachers
Writers from Birmingham, Alabama
Educators from Birmingham, Alabama
Ulf Kirsten

Ulf Kirsten (born 4 December, 1965) is a former German football player. He has played for East Germany national team and Germany national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1983-84||rowspan="7"|Dynamo Dresden||rowspan="7"|DDR-Oberliga||11||1
|-
|1984-85||25||7
|-
|1985-86||24||7
|-
|1986-87||23||11
|-
|1987-88||22||7
|-
|1988-89||24||14
|-
|1989-90||25||10
|-
|1990-91||rowspan="13"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="13"|Bundesliga||32||11
|-
|1991-92||23||12
|-
|1992-93||33||20
|-
|1993-94||28||12
|-
|1994-95||27||15
|-
|1995-96||29||8
|-
|1996-97||29||22
|-
|1997-98||27||22
|-
|1998-99||31||19
|-
|1999-00||27||17
|-
|2000-01||29||12
|-
|2001-02||32||11
|-
|2002-03||3||0
154||57
350||181
504||238
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1985||7||1
|-
|1986||9||2
|-
|1987||9||4
|-
|1988||8||0
|-
|1989||11||4
|-
|1990||5||3
|-
!Total||49||14
|}
|-
|1992||3||0
|-
|1993||6||2
|-
|1994||4||3
|-
|1995||4||1
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||7||5
|-
|1998||16||5
|-
|1999||5||1
|-
|2000||5||3
|-
!Total||51||20
|}
References
1965 births
Living people
East German sportspeople
German footballers
Sportspeople from Saxony
Ali Akbar Velayati

Ali Akbar Velayati ( ; born 24 June 1945) is an Iranian conservative politician and physician. Velayati is a professor at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
He is a senior adviser to the Supreme Leader in international affairs and head of the board of founders and the board of trustees of the Islamic Azad University.
He is also a member of Iranian Science and Culture Hall of Fame, Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, Expediency Discernment Council's President of Center for Strategic Research and senior fellow of Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences.
He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs for more than fifteen years from December 1981 to August 1997 under Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Presidents Ali Khamenei and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.
He is the first and only person to have held this position for more than ten years. He was a candidate in 2013 presidential election and lost, coming fifth out of the six candidates garnering 2,268,753 votes, which was 6.18% of the votes.
On 12 March 2020, it was reported that Velayati been infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019. He was reported to be under quarantine.
References
1945 births
Living people
Iranian academics
Iranian politicians
Iranian physicians
Miroslav Mentel

Miroslav Mentel (born December 2, 1962) is a former Slovak football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||9||0||2||0||2||0||13||0
|-
|1994||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
10||0||2||0||2||0||14||0
10||0||2||0||2||0||14||0
|}
1962 births
Living people
Slovak footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Peugeot 806

The Peugeot 806 was a large MPV produced by Peugeot between 1994 and 2002. It is similar to the Fiat Ulysse, Lancia Zeta and Citroen Evasion.
Engines
1.8 73 kW (99 hp)
2.0 89 kW (121 hp)
2.0 16V 97 kW (132 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)
2.0 Turbo CT 108 kW (147 hp)
1.9 Turbo D 66 kW (90 hp)
2.0 HDi 80 kW (109 hp)
2.1 Turbo D12 80 kW (109 hp)
Peugeot automobiles
Brillat-Savarin cheese

Brillat-Savarin is a soft, white-crusted cow's milk cheese with at least 75% fat in dry matter (roughly 40% overall), named after the 18th century French gourmet Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin. The cheese was created in the 1930s by cheese-maker Henri Androuet.
Brillat-Savarin is produced all year round, mainly in Normandy. It comes in 12-13 cm wheels and approximately 4 cm thick, and is aged for one to two weeks. It is also available as a fresh cheese (non affine) that resembles rich cream cheese.
It is a triple cream Brie that is creamy and faintly sour. It goes well with medjool dates and also champagne. Because of its creaminess combined with its Brie aroma and slight sharpness, it has been described as "Dairylea for grownups" or "what Dairylea tastes like in heaven".
Pairing with red wines is difficult, as any mushroominess or "mouldy" taste will bring out the tannins of the wine. Brillat-Savarin is also quite salty when ripe, which may disturb the taste of red wine. It does pair well with Pale Ale and Champagne. The carbonation wipes the fattiness from the palate and the malts enhance the creaminess of the cheese.
The French cheese making company Rouzaire also produces an older Brillat Savarin under the name Pierre Robert. The extra aging time concentrates the proteins and salt in the cheese, resulting in deeper earthy flavours and more intense salty taste. Wheels of Pierre Robert are physically shorter (due to loss of moisture), yet creamier than the regular-aged Brillat-Savarin.
Related pages
List of cheeses
References
Description and history of Brillat Savarin cheese
Dishes named after people
French cheeses
Auburn, New York

Auburn is a city in Cayuga County, New York, United States. It is located at the north end of Owasco Lake, one of the Finger Lakes, in Central New York. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 27,687. It is the county seat of Cayuga County.
References
Cities in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
Al-Mas'ud Yusuf

Al-Malik al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Abu al-Muzaffar Yusuf ibn Muhammad was the final Ayyubid leader of Yemen. He was born in 1201 and died in 1229.
References
Other websites
1201 births
1229 deaths
Gosnold, Massachusetts

Gosnold is a town in Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Voiceless labiodental fricative

The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is <> . The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is <f> . The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by 'f' in fear and face.
Features
Examples
Notes
References
Consonants
Thonon-les-Bains

Thonon-les-Bains is a commune in the French Haute-Savoie department. It is a famous spa town, also known for its mineral water.
Spa towns in France
Communes in Haute-Savoie
Subprefectures in France
Bray, Berkshire

Bray is a village and civil parish in Windsor and Maidenhead, Berkshire, England. In 2001 there were 8,425 people living in Bray.
References
Villages in Berkshire
Civil parishes in Berkshire
Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead
Richard Riordan

Richard Joseph "Dick" Riordan (May 1, 1930 - April 19, 2023) was an American investment banker, businessman, investor and politician. He served as the 39th Mayor of Los Angeles, California from 1993 to 2001. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Riordan was born in New York City. He died at his Brentwood home on April 19, 2023, at the age of 92.
References
Other websites
1930 births
2023 deaths
Mayors of Los Angeles
Politicians from New York City
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Ayron

Ayron is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.
Communes in Vienne
Fontenay-le-Pesnel

Fontenay-le-Pesnel is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Paris Trout

Paris Trout is a 1991 made-for-television drama movie directed by Stephen Gyllenhall and stars Ed Harris, Dennis Hopper, and Barbara Hershey. It is based on 1988 novel of the same name by Pete Dexter.
Other websites
1991 drama movies
American drama movies
Geta (emperor)

Publius Septimius Geta (7 March 189 - 26 December 211) was son of Severus and reigned from 209211 AD.
180s births
211 deaths
3rd-century Roman emperors
Drew Massey

Drew Massey is an American voice actor, actor, puppeteer and director for Nickelodeon and The Jim Henson Company. He has worked with the Muppets and has performed in many movies, television series and commercials. He also lent his voice to many commercials and video games.
1968 births
Living people
Actors from Pennsylvania
American voice actors
American cartoonists
Greene County, Ohio

Greene County is a county of Ohio in the United States. In 2010, 161,573 people lived there. Its county seat is Xenia. It was named for General Nathanael Greene, an officer in the Revolutionary War.
References
1803 establishments in Ohio
Ohio counties
Alan Shearer

Alan Shearer (born 13 August 1970) is a retired English footballer and BBC football pundit. He played for the England national team, and club teams: Southampton, Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United. He won the Premier League with Blackburn in the 1994/95 season. He is the person who has scored the most goals in the Premier League, as well as the 4th most goals for England. He played as a striker and was very good at taking penalties. Shearer is considered a legend in his hometown of Newcastle, and he is well respected in the rest of England as well because of his good playing for England. He also managed Newcastle for the last eight games of the 2008/2009 Premier League season. The team only got five points out of 28 possible points and were relegated to the championship for the 2009/2010 season.
Club career statistics
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|Southampton||rowspan="5"|First Division||5||3||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||3
|-
|1988/89||10||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|1989/90||26||3||3||0||6||2||colspan="2"|-||35||5
|-
|1990/91||36||4||4||2||6||6||colspan="2"|-||46||12
|-
|1991/92||41||13||7||2||6||3||colspan="2"|-||54||18
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|Blackburn Rovers||rowspan="4"|Premier League||21||16||0||0||5||6||colspan="2"|-||26||22
|-
|1993/94||40||31||4||2||4||1||colspan="2"|-||48||34
|-
|1994/95||42||34||2||0||3||2||3||1||50||37
|-
|1995/96||35||31||2||0||4||5||6||1||47||37
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="10"|Newcastle United||rowspan="10"|Premier League||36||25||3||1||1||1||5||1||40||28
|-
|1997/98||17||2||6||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||23||7
|-
|1998/99||30||14||6||5||2||1||2||1||40||21
|-
|1999/00||37||23||6||5||1||0||6||2||50||30
|-
|2000/01||19||5||0||0||4||2||colspan="2"|-||23||7
|-
|2001/02||37||23||5||2||4||2||colspan="2"|-||46||27
|-
|2002/03||35||17||1||1||0||0||12||7||48||25
|-
|2003/04||37||22||2||0||1||0||11||6||51||28
|-
|2004/05||38||7||4||1||1||0||9||11||42||29
|-
|2005/06||32||10||3||1||2||1||4||2||41||24
559||283||58||27||50||32||58||32||725||374
559||283||58||27||50||32||58||32||725||374
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1992||6||2
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||6||3
|-
|1995||8||0
|-
|1996||9||8
|-
|1997||5||3
|-
|1998||11||6
|-
|1999||10||6
|-
|2000||7||2
|-
!Total||63||30
|}
References
1970 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Sportspeople from Tyne and Wear
Premier League players
Chicago Tylenol murders

The Chicago Tylenol murders were a series of poisoning deaths resulting from drug tampering in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1982. The victims had all taken Tylenol-branded acetaminophen capsules that had been laced with potassium cyanide. Seven people were killed in the original poisonings, with several more killed in subsequent copycat crimes.
Effects
These incidents led to reforms in the packaging of over-the-counter medications and to federal anti-tampering laws. The actions of Johnson & Johnson to reduce deaths and warn the public of poisoning risks have been widely praised as an exemplary public relations response to such a crisis.
No suspect was ever charged or convicted of the poisonings. New York City resident James William Lewis, who was the prime suspect, was convicted only of extortion for sending a letter to Johnson & Johnson that took credit for the deaths and demanded $1 million to stop them.
References
1982 in the United States
1980s in Chicago
1980s murders in the United States
Crime in Illinois
Mass murder in the 1980s
Mass murder in the United States
September events
Unsolved murders in the United States
Chris Miller (quarterback)

Christopher James Miller (b August 9, 1965 in Pomona, California) is a former American football player. He was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the 1st round (13th overall) of the 1987 NFL Draft.
Concussions stopped him from playing longer. After he had five concussions in 14 months, he left the NFL in 1995. He returned to the NFL in 1999 but a concussion while playing with the Denver Broncos in that year made him decide to retire for good. He was made a member of the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 2005.
He was the quarterbacks coach for the Arizona Cardinals.
References
1965 births
American football quarterbacks
Atlanta Falcons players
Denver Broncos players
Detroit Lions players
Football players from California
Living people
Los Angeles Rams players
Sportspeople from Pomona, California
St. Louis Rams players
Lake Mattamuskeet

Lake Mattamuskeet is a lake in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
Lakes of the United States
Geography of North Carolina
James Snyder Jr.

James Eugene "Jim" Snyder Jr. (June 30, 1945 - September 12, 2021) was an American lawyer, writer and politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. Snyder Jr. was a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1969 until 1973. Snyder Jr. was born in Lexington, North Carolina.
Snyder Jr. ran for the United States Senate running against U.S. Senator Elizabeth Dole in the Republican primary. He lost the nomination to Dole. He ran twice for Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina, losing both times in 2004 and 2008.
Snyder Jr. died on September 12, 2021 at his home in Lexington at the age of 76.
References
1945 births
2021 deaths
Lawyers from North Carolina
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from North Carolina
Writers from North Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Blue Ensign

The Blue Ensign is a flag, one of several British ensigns, used by certain organizations territories associated or formerly associated with the United kingdom, it is used either plain or defaced with a badge or other emblem.
The Acts of Union 1707 united England and Wales with Scotland in the Kingdom of Great Britain, in the result of producing a new Blue Ensign with the new Union Flag in the canton. With the Act of Union 1800, Ireland became a part of the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and St Patrick's Cross was incorporated into the Union Flag and, accordingly, into the cantons of all British ensigns from 1 January 1801.
Ensigns
Flags of the United Kingdom
British Empire
Wimille

Wimille is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Scarthyla goinorum

The Tarauaca snouted tree frog or Madre de Dios treefrog (Scarthyla goinorum) is a frog that lives in the Amazon River Basin. It lives in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Brazil.
References
Frogs of South America
Lois Lowry

Lois Lowry (born Lois Ann Hammersberg; March 20, 1937) is an American author who was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. Her father wasn't present in her childhood, so she liked to write about strong father figures in her books. She became interested in reading when she was very young. She had a lot of trouble with math.
Career and accomplishments
Lowry began her career writing about children who face major challenges. Most had to do with family. Her first novel was A Summer to Die. It established her as an important author of young adult fiction. Her books cover many different topics, including the future, war, and humor. They are for young adults who want to read about serious issues. Lowry is a very successful author. She won the 1990 and 1994 Newbery Medal for Number the Stars and The Giver. Some of her stories are based on her childhood, like her character Anastasia Krupnik in the book Anastasia Krupnik. Some of her most famous books are Number the Stars, The Giver, Gathering Blue, Bless This Mouse, and Messenger.
List of books written by Lois Lowry
1977: A Summer to Die, illustrated by Jenny Oliver, Houghton.
1978: Find a Stranger, Say Goodbye, Houghton.
1979: Anastasia Krupnik, Houghton.
1979: Autumn Street, Houghton.
1981: Anastasia Again!, Houghton.
1982: Anastasia at Your Service, Houghton.
1983: Taking Care of Terrific, Houghton.
1983: The One Hundredth Thing About Caroline, Houghton.
1984: Anastasia, Ask Your Analyst, Houghton.
1984: Us and Uncle Fraud, Houghton.
1985: Anastasia on Her Own, Houghton.
1985: Switcharound, Houghton.
1986: Anastasia Has the Answers, Houghton.
1987: Rabble,Starkey, Houghton.
1987: Anastasia's Chosen Career, Houghton.
1988: All about Sam, illustrated by Diane De Groat, Houghton.
1989: Number the Stars, Houghton.
1990: Your Move J.P.!, Houghton.
1991: Anastasia at This Address, Houghton.
1992: Attaboy, Sam!, Houghton.
1993: The Giver, Houghton.
1995: Anastasia, Absolutely, Houghton.
1996: See You Around, Sam!, Houghton.
1997: Stay! Keeper's Story, illustrated by True Kelley, Houghton.
1999: Zooman Sam, Houghton.
2000: Gathering Blue, Houghton.
2002: Gooney Bird Greene, Houghton.
2007: Gooney the Fabulous, Houghton.
2012: Son, Houghton.
2014: Gooney Bird and All Her Charms, Houghton.
References
May, Jill P. "Lowry, Lois." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
"Lois Lowry." Major Authors and Illustrators for Children and Young Adults. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
"Lois Lowry." Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 32. Detroit: Gale, 2000. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.a
1937 births
Living people
People from Honolulu
Writers from Hawaii
Nordhalben

Nordhalben is a municipality in Kronach in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Kronach (district)
Juris Hartmanis

Juris Hartmanis (July 5, 1928 - July 29, 2022) was a Latvian-born American computer scientist and computational theorist. Hartmanis with Richard E. Stearns, received the 1993 ACM Turing Award "in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory".
Hartmanis died on July 29, 2022 at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
Hartmanis biography at Cornell
1928 births
2022 deaths
Academics from Ohio
American computer scientists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Riga
Turing Award winners
Latvian scientists
Cornell University faculty
Snowy Mountains

The Snowy Mountains, known informally as "The Snowies", is a region of southeastern Australia and the highest mountain range on the island. It contains the Australian mainland's highest mountain, Mount Kosciuszko, height . This is one the five highest peaks in the range, all of which are above .
The Snowy Mountains are in southern New South Wales and are part of the larger Australian Alps and Great Dividing Range. Unusually for Australia, the mountain range have large natural snowfalls every winter. Snow normally falls the most in June, July and early August. Therefore, most of the snow usually melts by late spring. The Tasmanian highlands are the other (major) alpine region in Australia.
The range is host to the mountain plum-pine, a low-lying type of conifer. The region is one of the centres of the Australian ski industry during the winter months: all four snow resorts in New South Wales are in the region.
The Alpine Way and Snowy Mountains Highway are the major roads that go through the Snowy Mountains region.
References
Mountain ranges of Australia
Richie Barker (footballer, born 1939)

Richie Joseph Barker (23 November 1939 - 11 October 2020) was an English footballer and manager. He played in the Football League for Derby County, Notts County and Peterborough United. He was also manager of Shrewsbury Town, Stoke City, Notts County, Ethnikos Piraeus (Greece), Zamalek (Egypt) and West Bromwich Albion.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Leicestershire
Zamalek SC managers
Longraye

Longraye is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Aurseulles.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Geraldo Sarno

Geraldo Sarno (6 March 1938 - 22 February 2022) was a Brazilian documentarist, screenwriter and movie director. Sarno was born in Pocoes, Bahia, Brazil. His movie, Colonel Delmiro Gouveia (1978), was his best known movie and famous during the Cinema Novo movement.
Sarno died from problems caused by COVID-19 on 22 February 2022 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at the age of 83.
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
Brazilian screenwriters
Brazilian movie directors
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Udo Kier

Udo Kier (born Udo Kierspe; 14 October 1944) is a German actor and voice actor. He has appeared in over 200 movies. He was born in Cologne, Germany.
Kier is known for his roles in Ron Camp in Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994), Curly in Barb Wire, as a NASA flight psychologist in Armageddon, and as Ralfi in the movie Johnny Mnemonic.
Kier moved to Palm Springs, California in 1991.
References
Other websites
1944 births
Living people
German movie actors
German television actors
German stage actors
German voice actors
Actors from Cologne
The Thrill of It All (Sam Smith album)

The Thrill of It All is the second studio album by English singer and songwriter Sam Smith. It was released on 3 November 2017 through Capitol Records.
"Too Good at Goodbyes" was released as the album's lead single on 8 September 2017. It topped the UK Singles Chart and made the top five on the US Billboard Hot 100.
References
Sam Smith (singer)
2017 albums
Aneuploidy

Aneuploidy is a condition where the nucleus of a cell has one or a few chromosomes more or less than the usual number in the species. It is a common cause of genetic disorders. Aneuploidy occurs during cell division when the chromosomes do not separate properly between the two cells.
Aneuploidy often causes birth defects and miscarriages. Birth defects make up about 3% of births in the United States. Among those who survive birth, Down syndrome is the most common form of aneuploidy. Many with Down syndrome do survive to adulthood. Some cancer cells also have abnormal numbers of chromosomes. The aneuploid theory of cancer suggests that aneuploidy is a cause of cancer rather than a result of it.
Related pages
Trisomy
Polyploidy
References
Chromosomes
Genetic disorders
Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus

Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus (1996) is the first science fiction book in the Pastwatch series, and is written by Orson Scott Card. The book's story about the explorer named Christopher Columbus. Most of the book is about scientists who traveled back to the 1400s to change European meetings with the Americas.
Translations
("The Redemption Of Christopher Columbus"), 1998
("The Redemption Of Christopher Columbus"), 1997
Other websites
About the book The Redemption of Christopher Columbus from Card's website
1996 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
Jan Kochanowski

Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 - 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet, translator and playwright. He is generally regarded as one of the greatest poets in Polish literature.
Biography
Jan Kochanowski was born into a noble family in the village of Sycyna, Poland. His parents were
Piotr Kochanowski, a lawyer and judge, and Anna Bialaczowska. Among their 11 children, two of Jan's brothers were also writers. He studied at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. Then he attended the University of Konigsberg (Krolewiec), in Ducal Prussia, and Padua University in Italy. He returned to Poland in 1559. In 1563 he became a secretary at the royal court of Sigismund II Augustus. He married Dorota Podlodowska around 1575 and settled at the family estate at Czarnolas ("Blackwood"). Kochanowski is sometimes called "Jan z Czarnolasu" ("John of Blackwood"). He died of a heart attack in 1584 in the town of Lublin.
Works
Jan Kochanowski wrote in Polish and Latin. He wrote Fraszki, a cycle of epigrams, Piesni (Cantos) and Treny (Laments). The last work was written by the poet after death of his daughter Ursula. He lost another daughter, named Hanna, too. Kochanowski wrote also Piesn swietojanska o Sobotce (Midsummer Night's Song) and Odprawa polow greckich (The Dismissal of the Grecian Envoys). Many of his poems are free translations from Horace. Kochanowski translated The Book of Psalms and Chess by Marco Girolamo Vida. Kochanowski established rules of Polish versification and introduced sonnet to Polish poetry. Many poems by Kochanowski were translated into English.
The translator Piotr Kochanowski was Jan Kochanowski's nephew.
References
Other websites
Jan Kochanowski's Biography and Poems at Virtual Library of Polish Literature.
Polish writers
Polish translators
Mumtazabad Tehsil

Mumtazabad Colony is one of the oldest yet well-planned housing areas of Multan in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at and is in the east of Multan.
Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)
Heath, Massachusetts

Heath is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
James C. Miller III

James Clifford Miller III (born June 25, 1942, in Atlanta, Georgia) is a former U.S. government official and economist. He served as chairman of the Federal Trade Commission between 1981 and 1985 and as Budget Director for President Ronald Reagan between 1985 and 1988. He also ran for United States Senate in Virginia, losing the Republican nomination at the convention to Oliver North in 1994 and losing the nomination in the primary to John Warner in 1996.
References
1942 births
Living people
American economists
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Virginia
Money supply

The money supply (or money stock) is the total value of money available in an economy at a point of time. There are many ways to define "money". Normal measures usually include currency in circulation and demand deposits. Each country's central bank may use its own definitions of what they consider to be money for its purposes.
Money supply data is recorded and published. It is done usually by the government or the central bank of the country. Public and private sector analysts look at changes in the money supply. This is because they believe that changes affect the price level of securities, inflation, the exchange rates and the business cycle.
Empirical measures in the United States Federal Reserve System
Money is used as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and as a ready store of value.
The different types of money are typically classified as "M"s. The "M"s usually range from M0 (narrowest) to M3 (broadest) but which "M"s are actually focused on in policy formulation depends on the country's central bank. The typical layout for each of the "M"s is as follows:
: In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, M0 includes bank reserves, so M0 is referred to as the monetary base, or narrow money.
MB: is referred to as the monetary base or total currency. This is the base from which other forms of money (like checking deposits, listed below) are created and is traditionally the most liquid measure of the money supply.
M1: Bank reserves are not included in M1.
M2: Represents M1 and "close substitutes" for M1. M2 is a broader classification of money than M1. M2 is a key economic indicator used to forecast inflation.
M3: M2 plus large and long-term deposits. Since 2006, M3 is no longer published by the US central bank. However, there are still estimates produced by various private institutions.
MZM: Money with zero maturity. It measures the supply of financial assets redeemable at par on demand. Velocity of MZM is historically a relatively accurate predictor of inflation.
The ratio of a pair of these measures, most often M2 / M0, is called an (actual, empirical) money multiplier.
References
Other websites
Aggregate Reserves Of Depository Institutions And The Monetary Base (H.3)
Historical H.3 releases
Money Stock Measures (H.6)
U.S. MZM magnitude and velocity, used as a predictor of inflation
Data on Monetary Aggregates in Australia
Monetary Statistics on Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Monetary Survey from People's Bank of China
Money
Cleveland Guardians

The Cleveland Guardians are a Major League Baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. They are part of the American League Central Division. Under the team's former name of Cleveland Indians, the Guardians won two World Series championships in 1920 and 1948. Currently, they hold the longest championship drought in MLB.
The team was founded in 1894 in Grand Rapids, Michigan as the Grand Rapids Rustlers, playing in the late-1890s Western League, which became the American League in 1900. In that same year, the team moved to Cleveland, taking the name of Lake Shores. The next year, the team became the Cleveland Bluebirds, also known as Blues. Players didn't like that name, and failed in a try to change the name to "Broncos" in 1902. In that same year, the team traded for star player Nap Lajoie, who later became player-manager, and it soon became known as the "Naps" in his honor. The team was called the Cleveland Naps until Lajoie left at the end of the 1914 season.
After Lajoie left, the team looked for a new nickname and settled on "Indians" for the 1915 season, partly in honor of the Boston Braves who had won the 1914 World Series. In more modern times, their nickname was often thought to be a poor choice. It is considered offensive to name a team for a race or ethnic group. However, there was no serious effort to change the name until the 21st century. After growing criticism, the team started to move away from the nickname in 2018, retiring its controversial "Chief Wahoo" logo of a caricatured Native American. In 2020, team owner Paul Dolan announced that the "Indians" name would be retired after the 2021 season. The new nickname of Guardians was announced on July 23, 2021. The name refers to the Guardians of Traffic, statues sculpted into pylons of the Hope Memorial Bridge that crosses the Cuyahoga River near downtown Cleveland. The Cleveland Guardians name took effect on November 19, 2021.
In the 1990s, the then-Indians were in the postseason several times. They made it to the World Series in 1995 and 1997 but lost to the Atlanta Braves and the Florida Marlins respectively. They returned to the World Series in 2016, and again they lost, this time to the Chicago Cubs in seven games. In 2017, they set an American League record of winning 22 straight games. They won 102 games during the season. However, they lost to the New York Yankees in the Division Series.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Russell, Massachusetts

Russell is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Robert Holmes (American football)

Robert Holmes (October 5, 1945 - April 14, 2018) was a former American football running back. He was born in Huntsville, Texas. He played College football at Southern University and professionally in the American Football League for the Kansas City Chiefs, and in the National Football League for the Chiefs, the Houston Oilers, and the San Diego Chargers.
Holmes died on April 14, 2018 in Regina, Saskatchewan of complications from eye neoplasm at the age of 72.
References
1945 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from eye neoplasm
Cancer deaths in Canada
Kansas City Chiefs players
Tennessee Titans players
San Diego Chargers players
Sportspeople from Texas
People from Huntsville, Texas
Villar-d'Arêne

Villar-d'Arene is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
References
Communes in Hautes-Alpes
Gordon F. Henderson

Gordon Fripp Henderson CC QC (April 17, 1912 - August 17, 1993) was a Canadian intellectual property lawyer and the chairman of Gowling WLG. He was the president of the Canadian Bar Association and the chancellor of the University of Ottawa.
Henderson was described as one of Canada's top lawyers and had 90 cases in front of the Supreme Court of Canada. He was the founding editor of the Canadian Patent reporter and was very involved with the Intellectual Property Institute of Canada. From 1979-1980 he was the president of the Canadian Bar Association.
He was very important in the formation of SOCAN as its lawyer and later as chairman. From 1984-1989 he was the chairman of the board of governors at the University of Ottawa, and from 1991 until he died in 1993, he was the chancellor. He was the honorary consul to Liberia in Canada, a position that brought diplomatic privileges. He was a companion of the Order of Canada and the 1988 recipient of the B'nai B'rith Award of Merit. He received honorary doctorates from Carleton University, the University of Ottawa, and the Law Society of Upper Canada.
Henderson died on August 17, 1993.
References
Canadian lawyers
1912 births
1993 deaths
Needles, California

Needles is a small city in San Bernardino County, California. It is in the hot, dry Mojave Desert, on the west side of the Colorado River. Needles is across the river from Arizona, and about 12 miles from Nevada. It is along Interstate 40. As of 2020, 4,931 people live there.
History
Needles was named after a group of pointy rock columns, on the Arizona side of the river. These were called "The Needles". The town was founded in 1883 when people were building a railroad (the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway). They needed a bridge to cross the Colorado River. At first, there was only a group of tents where workers lived. Soon, people built stores, restaurants, laundries, and saloons. Needles was the largest port, north of Yuma, on the river.
This was actually a bad place to build a bridge. The sides and bottom of the river were unstable. When the river flooded, the bridge broke apart three times - in 1884, 1886 and 1888. The railway decided to take it down. They built a new bridge ten miles to the south. This part of the river had a solid rock bottom. The new bridge was complete in 1890.
Many people were starting to cross the country on railroads. A man named Fred Harvey decided to build restaurants and hotels near train stations. He built one of the first restaurant chains. The El Garces Hotel in Needles was one of his most famous hotels. People thought it to be the "crown jewel" of the Harvey company. Needles was a major stop on the historic U.S. Route 66 highway from the 1920s through the 1960s. For migrants from the Midwest Dust Bowl in the 1930s, it was the first town they saw in California. Needles has many motels and other shops from that time.
Hundreds of thousands of people visit Needles every year.
Nearby places
Mohave Valley, Arizona is across the river, on the east side. Las Vegas is about 100 miles to the north. San Bernardino, the county seat, is about 200 miles to the southwest. Havasu National Wildlife Refuge is about 18 miles to the south, on the river. The town is near the east side of Mojave National Preserve. It is even closer to Dead Mountains Wilderness.
Climate
Needles has a hot desert climate. At midday in summer, Needles is one of the hottest places in the United States and the world.
In July, the hottest month:
The average temperature is
The average high is
The average low is .
In December, the coldest month:
The average temperature is
The average high is
The average low is
The highest temperature ever measured was , and the lowest was . On average, of rain falls every year. On August 13, 2012, rain fell in Needles when the temperature was . This may be the hottest rain ever measured on Earth.
Famous people
Charles Schulz, cartoonist of Peanuts, lived in Needles 1928-30 and made it the home of Snoopy's brother Spike.
Alice Notley, American poet, grew up in Needles.
Natalie Diaz, American poet and winner of the 2021 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.
References
Settlements in San Bernardino County, California
Cities in California
Just Say No

"Just Say No" was an advertising campaign during the 1980s and early 1990s. It was part of the U.S. "War on Drugs." The campaign wanted to discourage children from using illegal drug(s) and offered various ways of saying "no". "Just Say No" was also used by other organizations, such as DARE, to discourage violence and premarital sex. The slogan was created by First Lady of the United States, Nancy Reagan.
Beginnings
The campaign started in the 1970s as part of the National Institutes of Health's program to stop drug abuse. It was started by Professor Richard I. Evans from the University of Houston. Professor Evans thought that if you taught students how to resist peer pressure, then you would have less bad behavior.
While her husband ran to be President, Nancy Reagan joined this movement. In 1980, she visited Daytop Village in New York City. After her trip, she wanted teach youth about drugs and drug abuse. After her husband became the United States, she went back to Daytop Village. She told them that she would tell others how dangerous drug abuse is.Understanding what drugs can do to your children, understanding peer pressure and understanding why they turn to drugs is...the first step in solving the problem.
Efforts
Robert Cox and David Cantor made the slogan "Just Say No." They were advertising executives at Needham, Harper & Steers/USA in the early 1980s. Nancy Reagan first used the phrase in 1984 when she visited Longfellow Elementary School in Oakland, California. A schoolgirl asked what she should do if her friends or classmates offered her drugs. Soon "Just Say No" clubs became common within schools and anti-drug programs in schools. In these clubs, children promised not to use drugs.
References
Phrases
Nancy Reagan
Jean Poiret

Jean Poiret, born Jean Poire, (17 August 1926 - 14 March 1992) was a French actor, director, and screenwriter. He was known as the author of the original play La Cage aux Folles.
Other websites
1926 births
1992 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
French theatre directors
Movie directors from Paris
Writers from Paris
French playwrights
Actors from Paris
French screenwriters
Gasket

A gasket is a mechanical seal that is used to connect two flanges. Generally, gaskets are used in structures that are under pressure. The aim of the gasket is to prevent leakage.
Hardware (mechanical)
Wildflower

A Wildflower is a flower that grows in the wild. Wildflowers aren't naturally planted by nature or by humans, but grow in the wild. Wildflowers are native and exotic species. Some species of wildflowers are endangered.
Other websites
Flowers
Jaroslav Seifert

Jaroslav Seifert (; 23 September 1901 - 10 January 1986) was a Nobel Prize-winning Czechoslovak writer, poet and journalist. In 1984, Seifert won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
References
Other websites
Timeline of Nobel Winners
1901 births
1986 deaths
Czech poets
Journalists
Writers from Prague
Pragmatics

Pragmatics is the study of meaning in language in a particular context.
This includes the place where the thing is said, who says it, and the things that you have already said. Also, pragmatics studies how people speak when they both know something.
Pragmatics studies how people speak not literally, but in an indirect way. It studies why, even though this is the case, people can still understand each other. It studies how people can understand each other even if the words are ambiguous.
The ability to understand what someone intends to tell you is called pragmatic competence.
Linguistics
Tom Cleverley

Thomas (Tom) William Cleverley (born 12 August 1989) is an English footballer. He was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire and grew up in Bradford, West Yorkshire.
Cleverley plays for Premier League club Everton and the England national team.
References
1989 births
Living people
English footballers
People from Basingstoke
Sportspeople from Bradford
Sportspeople from Hampshire
Premier League players
Universitat d'Andorra

The University of Andorra () is a public school of higher education. It was formed in 1997. It is the only university in Andorra. The university has a school of nursing, a school of management and computer science, and a center for online studies.
References
Colleges and universities in Europe
1997 establishments in Europe
Organizations based in Andorra
Roche limit

The Roche limit (), or Roche radius, is a planetary distance.
Inside the Roche limit, orbiting material will form planetary rings. Outside the limit, material sticks together and forms satellites.
The term is named after Edouard Roche, the French astronomer who first stated it in 1848.
References
Sources
Edouard Roche: La figure d'une masse fluide soumise a l'attraction d'un point eloigne, Acad. des sciences de Montpellier, Vol. 1 (1847-50) p. 243
Other websites
Detailed derivation of formulae for calculating the Roche limit
Discussion of the Roche Limit
Astrophysics
Juanito Valderrama

Juan Valderrama Blanca (24 May 1916 - 12 April 2004), better known as Juanito Valderrama, was a Spanish flamenco and folk singer. Although he was known for singing copla. Valderrama was born in Torredelcampo, Spain. In 1960 he appeared in the El emigrante.
Valderrama died on 12 April 2004 in Espartinas, Spain from cardiac arrest at the age of 87.
References
Other websites
Telegraph obituary
Juanito Valderrama's biography and discography
1916 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Spanish singers
Spanish movie actors
Atlantic herring

The Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) is a kind of herring, a fish. It can be found on both sides of the Atlantic. It can grow up to 45cm in length, weighing more than half a kilogram. It is a swarm fish, meaning many fish come together and form a school (or swarm) of fish. Swarms of up to 4 cubic kilometers in size have been measured of atlantic herring, with an eastimated 4 billion individual fish. Like with so many other fishes though, commercial overfishing is posing a problem. Stocks of herring have been collapsing.
Their natural predators are seals, cod, other large fish as well as some kinds of whales.
The current reason for the overfishing is the need of the Omega Fatty Acid, which helps increase memory, and brain functions.
Baltic herring
The herrings that occurs in the Baltic Sea is much smaller. Some people consider it a distinct subspecies. They call it Baltic herring, C. harengus membras.
Clupeiformes
Nozières, Ardèche

Nozieres is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Sofia

Sofia is the capital and the largest city of Republic of Bulgaria. It has 1.3 million people. It is the 15th largest city of the European Union. Sofia is in the west of Bulgaria.
Sofia is one of the oldest capital cities in Europe; the history of Sofia dates back to the 8th century BC.
Many of the major universities, cultural institutions, and businesses of Bulgaria are concentrated in Sofia.
At 550 m (1,800 ft) above sea level, Sofia is the third highest capital in Europe (after the Andorran capital Andorra la Vella and the Spanish capital Madrid). It has a humid continental climate (Dfb in the Koppen climate classification).
References
Other websites
Sofia complete accommodation guide
8th century BC
Murfreesboro, Tennessee

Murfreesboro is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee.
Famous people from there, includes Chris Young (country singer-songwriter, born 1985).
Tennessee
Cities in Tennessee
County seats in Tennessee
Joe E. Kernan

Joseph Eugene Kernan (April 8, 1946 - July 29, 2020) was an American businessman and former politician. He served as the 48th Governor of Indiana from 2003 to 2005. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Kernan served as Mayor of South Bend, Indiana, and then as the 47th Lieutenant Governor of Indiana from 1997 to 2003. He lost an election to serve a full term as governor to Mitch Daniels on November 2, 2004.
Kernan died on July 29, 2020, from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease at a care facility in South Bend. He was 74.
References
Other websites
1946 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Governors of Indiana
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
American mayors
Lieutenant Governors of Indiana
People from South Bend, Indiana
Businesspeople from Indiana
Businesspeople from Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Military people from Chicago