pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Seleucus I Nicator

Seleucus I Nicator ("Seleucus the Victor") () was one of the generals friends of Alexander who were given, or took control of, his empire. Having served as an infantry general under Alexander, he eventually took the title of basileus (~"king"). He set up the Seleucid Empire over much of the territory in the Near East which Alexander had conquered.
After the death of Alexander in June 323 BC, Seleucus initially supported Perdiccas, the regent of Alexander's empire, and was made Commander of the Companions (the elite cavalry of Alexander) at the Partition of Babylon in 323 BC.
The 'Wars of the Diadochi' in 322 were the wars of Alexander's successors. Perdiccas failed against Ptolemy in Egypt, which led to the mutiny of his troops. Perdiccas was betrayed and assassinated in a conspiracy by Seleucus and others sometime in either 321 or 320 BC.
In 321 BC, Seleucus was appointed Satrap of Babylon under the new regent Antipater. Almost immediately, the wars between the Diadochi resumed and Antigonus forced Seleucus to flee Babylon. Seleucus was only able to return to Babylon in 312 BC with the support of Ptolemy.
From 312 BC, Seleucus ruthlessly expanded his dominions and eventually conquered the Persian and Median lands. Seleucus ruled not only Babylonia, but the entire enormous eastern part of Alexander's empire:
Seleucus' wars took him as far as India, where, after two years of war (305-303 BC), he made peace with the Indian Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. Seleucus exchanged his eastern satrapies in the Indus River Valley for 500 war elephants. These would play a decisive role against Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC and against Lysimachus at the Battle of Corupedium in 281 BC.
Seleucus' victories against Antigonus and Lysimachus left the Seleucid dynasty virtually unopposed in Asia and in Anatolia. However, Seleucus also hoped to take control of Lysimachus' European territories, primarily Thrace and Macedon itself. But upon arriving in Thrace in 281 BC, Seleucus was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus, who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court with his sister Lysandra. The assassination of Seleucus destroyed Seleucid prospects in Thrace and Macedon, and paved the way for Ptolemy Ceraunus to absorb much of Lysimachus' former power in Macedon. Seleucus was succeeded by his son Antiochus I as ruler of the Seleucid Empire.
Seleucus founded a number of new cities during his reign, including Antioch (300 BC) and in particular Seleucia on the Tigris (ca. 305 BC), the new capital of the Seleucid Empire, a foundation that eventually depopulated Babylon.
References
History of the Middle East
Ancient Greek generals
4th-century BC births
281 BC deaths
Seleucid kings
UK Singles Chart

The UK Singles Chart is made by Official Charts Company (OCC) for the British record industry. The full chart lists the top 100 singles. These are judged by combined record sales, downloads, streams and YouTube video views, though some media outlets only list the Top 40 (such as the BBC) or the Top 75 (such as Music Week Magazine) of this list.
Around 6,500 UK stores help with sales data, as well as most UK online digital download stores. Unlike in the U.S., no airplay statistics are used for the official UK Singles Chart. The chart week runs starts on Friday and goes to Thursday. Most UK singles are released on Fridays.
Other websites
The Official UK Charts Company
BBC Radio 1 Top 40
British Chart Books Classified
British record charts
British music
Strictly Come Dancing

Strictly Come Dancing is a British television programme. It features celebrities dancing with professional dancers. Each week, the expert judges decide which couple will leave the contest. In the final, the public vote for the winner.
There were two series in its first year, 2004. From 2005 onwards, there has been one series per year. Many countries have their own version of the show (see Dancing with the Stars). It is presented by Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman.
Judges
Overview
Other websites
2004 British television series debuts
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
Dancing with the Stars
English-language television programs
Montrose, Colorado

Montrose is a home rule municipality. It is the county seat of Montrose County, Colorado, United States. 20,291 people lived there at the 2020 United States Census.
References
Cities in Colorado
County seats in Colorado
Karbala

Karbala (Arabic:krbl; Transliterated:Al Karbala; also known as Karbala al-Muqaddasah, in the West, sometimes spelled Kerbela) is a city in Iraq. It is about 100 km southwest of Baghdad. It is the capital of Karbala Province. For Shi'a Muslims the city is one of the holiest cities, after Mekka,Medina, Jerusalem, and An Najaf.
Cities in Iraq
Steve Russell (computer scientist)

Stephen Russell (born 1937), also nicknamed "Slug", is an American computer scientist. He is best known for creating Spacewar! (1962), one of the earliest video games. He wrote the first two versions of the programming language Lisp for the IBM 704 mainframe computer.
Russell was born in Hartford, Connecticut. He went to Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, from 1954 to 1958.
References
Other websites
Computer History Museum
1937 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Scientists from Hartford, Connecticut
Stotzheim

Stotzheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Kahoka, Missouri

Kahoka is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Clark County.
Cities in Missouri
County seats in Missouri
Palisade, Minnesota

Palisade is a city in Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Lielvārde

Lielvarde is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1992.
Towns in Latvia
1992 establishments in Latvia
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat

Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (23 October 1925 - 15 May 2010) was the 11th Vice President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was also a M.L.A. from Shrimadhopur. Shekhawat was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
He ran for President of India in 2007, but lost the election to Pratibha Patil.
He was the Chief Minister of Rajasthan three times, from 1977 to 1980, 1990 to 1992 and 1993 to 1998.
References
1923 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Deaths from cardiopulmonary arrest
Vice presidents of India
Disease-related deaths in India
Sandra Torres

Sandra Julieta Torres Casanova (born 5 October 1955) is a Guatemalan politician. She was First Lady of Guatemala from 2008 to 2011. She was an unsuccessful candidate for president in 2015, 2019 and 2023.
Torres was married to Alvaro Colom from 2002 until they divorced in 2011.
In September 2019, she was arrested at her home on charges of violating campaign finance rules.
References
1955 births
Guatemalan politicians
First Ladies
Living people
Bessie Barriscale

Elizabeth Barry Scale (also known as Bessie Barriscale; September 30, 1884 - June 30, 1965) was an American actress. She was especially popular in silent movies and on the stage. She began her movie career around 1913. Her movies included The Woman Michael Married in 1919 and The Skirt in 1921. She returned to stage with Women Go On Forever.
Barriscale was born in New Jersey. She died in California at age 80.
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from New Jersey
1884 births
1965 deaths
The Elder Son (1976 movie)

The Elder Son () is a 1976 Soviet drama movie directed by Vitaly Melnikov and stars Yevgeny Leonov, Natalia Egorova, and Vladimir Izotov.
Actors
Yevgeny Leonov as head of the family Andrei Grigorievich Sarafanov
Natalia Egorova as his daughter Nina
Vladimir Izotov as his son Vassenka, known as Vasya
Nikolai Karachentsov as student Vladimir Busygin
Mikhail Boyarsky as Busygin's friend Simon Sevostyanov, nicknamed Silva
Svetlana Kryuchkova as Sarafanov's neighbor Natalia Makarska
Nikolai Nikolsky as Nina's fiance, Mikhail Kudimov
Igor Gorbachyov as neighbor in the window
References
Other websites
Russian drama movies
1976 drama movies
Movies directed by Vitaly Melnikov
Soviet drama movies
American League Central

The American League Central Division is a group of baseball teams in the American League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The teams all play in the Midwestern United States. It was started in 1920.
Teams in the American League Central Division
Chicago White Sox
Cleveland Guardians
Detroit Tigers
Kansas City Royals
Minnesota Twins
American League
Honfleur

Honfleur is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Taylor Wilson

Taylor Ramon Wilson (born May 7, 1994) is an American nuclear physics enthusiast and science activist. In 2008, at the age of 14, he produced nuclear fusion using a fusor and at the time was the youngest person ever to do so.
References
Living people
1994 births
American physicists
American nuclear engineers
People from Reno, Nevada
Scientists from Arkansas
Scientists from Nevada
Chloe O'Brian

Chloe O'Brian is a character in the television series 24. She works at the Counter Terrorist Unit as an analyst. O'Brian is a close friend of Jack Bauer.
Television characters
Bill Brock

William Emerson "Bill" Brock III (November 23, 1930 - March 25, 2021) was a Republican United States senator from Tennessee, having served from 1971 to 1977. Upon the election of Ronald Reagan as U.S. president, Brock was appointed U.S. Trade Representative, a position he had until 1985 when he was made Secretary of Labor.
Brock died from pneumonia in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on March 25, 2021, at age 90.
References
Other websites
USDOL biography
e-archive biography
William Emerson Brock III Papers , University of Tennessee Knoxville Libraries
1930 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
United States Trade Representatives
United States Secretaries of Labor
United States senators from Tennessee
Politicians from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Benjamin, Texas

Benjamin is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Ransart

Ransart is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Pink Cadillac (movie)

Pink Cadillac is a 1989 action comedy movie. The movie is about white supremacists from whom a woman tries to get away driving a pink Cadillac. Clint Eastwood, Bernadette Peters, Geoffrey Lewis, and Frances Fisher have roles in this comedy. The reviews of Pink Cadillac were negative. Its box office intake was very weak.
References
Other websites
1989 comedy movies
1989 action movies
1989 crime movies
American action comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Buddy Van Horn
Warner Bros. movies
Movies set in Las Vegas
Litchfield Park, Arizona

Litchfield Park is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States.
Cities in Arizona
Couvrelles

Couvrelles is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Windows 2.x

Windows 2.x is a graphical personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft. It was said to look almost the same to the first Mac OS and more closely matched Microsoft's pre-release publicity for Windows 1.0.
Windows 2.1x
Five months after the release of Windows 2.03, Microsoft released Windows 2.10, and after 10 months, Windows 2.11. They were the first versions that required an Intel 80286 or 80386 processor to run.
Other websites
GUIdebook: Windows 2.0 Gallery - A website dedicated to preserving and showcasing Graphical User Interfaces
ComputerHope.com: Microsoft Windows history
Microsoft article with details about the different versions of Windows
Microsoft operating systems
Budge Patty

John Edward "Budge" Patty (February 11, 1924 - October 3, 2021) was an American tennis player. He was ranked world No. 1 in 1950 by John Olliff of The Daily Telegraph. In 1950, he won the men's singles at the French Championships and the Wimbledon Championships. He also won the 1946 French Championships mixed doubles and the 1957 Wimbledon Championships doubles.
Patty was born in Fort Smith, Arkansas. He was married to Marcina and had two daughters. Patty died on October 3, 2021 in Lausanne, Switzerland at the age of 97.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2021 deaths
American tennis players
French Open champions
Sportspeople from Arkansas
Wimbledon champions
HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers L.L.C. is one of the world's largest publishing companies. The company is headquartered in New York City and is a subsidiary of News Corp. The name is a combination of several publishing firm names: Harper & Row, an American publishing company and the British company William Collins, Sons (founded 1819).
The worldwide CEO of HarperCollins is Brian Murray. HarperCollins has publishing groups in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, India, and China. The company publishes many different imprints, both former independent publishing houses and new imprints.
References
1989 establishments in the United States
Publishing companies of the United States
Yobibyte

A yobibyte (YiB) is a large unit of measurement for computers of the future. Yobibytes hold 1024 zebibytes (ZiB).
Units of information
Gold Coast (Florida)

The Gold Coast is a region on the southeastern coast of the U.S. state of Florida. It is between Tequesta and Florida City. It includes the cities of Miami and Fort Lauderdale, as well as West Palm Beach, Boca Raton, and Hollywood.
Geography of Florida
100th Window

100th Window is the fourth studio album from the Bristol-based trip-hop group Massive Attack. Of the band's original core people, the album only features Robert Del Naja. Andrew Vowles left shortly after the release of Mezzanine, and Grant Marshall did not want to be in the making of the record.
Released in February 2003, 100th Window was written and produced by Del Naja and Neil Davidge, and features vocals from Horace Andy and Sinead O'Connor, as well as one appearance by Damon Albarn. It is the first album by the band that made no use of samples, and contains none of the jazz or jazz fusion stylings of the Blue Lines or Protection recordings, but is less dark than Mezzanine. The album could have been released earlier, but Del Naja was arrested a few months earlier before it was released under suspicion of child pornography offences. However, he was cleared.
Track listing
Notes
Track 7 has backing vocals by Damon Albarn.
On track 9, "Antistar" ends at 8:17. At 8:47, an untitled instrumental track, which many people call "LP4", plays.
References
Massive Attack albums
2003 albums
Trip hop albums
Virgin Records albums
Norbert Wiener

Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 - March 18, 1964) was an American theoretical and applied mathematician. He was a child prodigy. His father was a teacher of languages.
Wiener founded cybernetics, the science of control and communication in animals and machines. It is a field that uses the notion of feedback, and is important for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, philosophy, and the organization of society. The name of the science comes from his book, Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (1948).
"Information is information, not matter or energy". - Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics (1948, 155)
Wiener was born in Columbia, Missouri. He died in Stockholm, Sweden.
Books by Norbert Wiener
1933: The Fourier Integral and certain of its applications. Cambridge Univ. Press; reprint by Dover.
1942: Extrapolation, interpolation and smoothing of stationary time series. A war-time classified report nicknamed "the yellow peril" because of the color of the cover and the difficulty of the subject. Published postwar 1949 MIT Press.
1948: Cybernetics, or control and communication in the animal and the machine. Wiley, New York 1948. 2nd revised ed. 1961.
1950: The human use of human beings: cybernetics and society. Houghton Mifflin, New York.
1953: Ex-prodigy: my childhood and youth. Autobiography of his younger years
1956: I am a mathematician. Gollancz, London. Autobiography.
1958: Nonlinear problems in random theory. MIT Press & Wiley.
1959: The Tempter. Random House. Fiction.
1964: Selected papers of Norbert Wiener. Cambridge Mass. MIT Press & SIAM.
1966: Generalized harmonic analysis and Tauberian theorems. MIT Press.
1966: God & Golem, Inc.: a comment on certain points where cybernetics impinges on religion. MIT Press.
1966: Norbert Wiener 18941964. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 72(1). Also published in book form.
1976-84: The mathematical work of Norbert Wiener. Masani P (ed) 4 vols, Camb. Mass. MIT Press. This contains a complete collection of Wiener's mathematical papers with commentaries.
1994: Invention: the care and feeding of ideas. MIT Press.
1894 births
1964 deaths
American mathematicians
Scientists from Missouri
Autobiographers
Systems scientists
Sex work

Carol Leigh first used the terms sex worker and sex work in 1978, to refer to prostitution, and related concepts. By using this new term, Leigh wanted to avoid the negative connotations. Sex work is paid work in the industry, such as prostitution, erotic dancing, and starring in pornographic movies. It does not refer to related illegal activities, such as human trafficking or other non-consensual sex.
It is difficult to say how many sex workers there are. This is because of the stigma of being a sex worker. In addition, most academic work focuses on prostitution, escorts and exotic dancing; there is little research on other forms of sex work.
Gender differences
Interviews with men and women escorts show gender differences in these escorts' experiences. On average, women escorts charged much more than men. Compared to traditional women escorts, women in niche markets charged lower rates. However, this difference in rates did not exist for men escorts. Men escorts reported widespread acceptance in the gay community; they were much more likely to tell about their occupation. This community acceptance is fairly unusual to the gay community and not the experience of many women sex workers. Also, heterosexual men prostitutes are much more likely than heterosexual women prostitutes to entertain same-gender clients because they need to: most clients are men. In general, there is a greater social expectation for women to engage in emotional labor than there is for men; there are also greater consequences if they do not.
References
Prostitution
Épagny, Aisne

Epagny, Aisne is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in north France.
Communes in Aisne
Caelestiventus

Caelestiventus is an early pterosaur. It is important because it is 65 million years older than any other known desert-dwelling pterosaur. Also, it shows that the earliest pterosaurs were morphologically and ecologically varied. The Dimorphodontidae originated in the Triassic period.
References
Pterosaurs
Bomb disposal suit

A bomb disposal suit is an environmental suit made of thick fabric and armour to protect against bomb detonation when removing said bomb (usually an improvised explosive device).
Environmental suits
The Scarlet and the Black

The Scarlet and the Black is a 1983 American television war drama movie directed by Jerry London, and starring Gregory Peck and Christopher Plummer. It is based on J. P. Gallagher's book The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican. It was directed by Jerry London.
References
1983 drama movies
1980s war movies
American television movies
American war movies
American drama movies
Ninigret

Ninigret (1610-1677) was the chief (sachem) of the eastern Niantic people. Ninigret grew up in the home of a chief. His education included common practices like learning how to hunt and be a warrior. He also did a vision quest. He learned how to become a chief. In the Pequot War, he allied with colonists and the Narragansetts. They fought against the Pequot. Ninigret helped keep the Niantic people out of King Philip's War. Ninigret wanted to protect Native peoples and wanted that they keep their independence. He created allies with the distant Mohawks and Pocumtucks to slow down English colonists. Ninigret was important in balancing powers in New England. Colonists often accused Ninigret of plotting against colonists. Ninigret's symbol was the war club. Ninigret signed many documents with English colonists. He would use this symbol as his signature.
References
1610 births
1677 deaths
Native American people
Every Rose Has Its Thorn

"Every Rose Has Its Thorn" is the third single off of American rock band Poison's second studio album Open Up and Say... Ahh!. The song was released on October 12, 1988.
The song was able to make it to #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
The song is about a rock star coming home after touring and finding his girlfriend cheating on him. Lead singer Bret Michaels said he wrote the song after he called his girlfriend and heard another man's voice in the background.
References
Other websites
1988 songs
1980s ballads
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Rock ballads
Poison (band) songs
Miley Cyrus songs
Hard rock songs
Acoustic rock songs
911

Year 911 (CMXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Africa
Rebellion of the Kutama Berbers against the Fatimid Caliphate. The Kutama tribesmen have previously been the main supporters of the new Shi'ite regime.
Europe
July 11 - The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte is signed between Charles the Simple, King of France and Rollo, leader of the Vikings, allowing the latter to settle in Neustria, the origin of the Normans.
September - Following the death of Louis the Child, last Carolingian ruler of the East Franks, Charles the Simple of France, is elected King of Lotharingia.
The Fatimids begin the conquest of Sicily over their Aghlabid arch-rivals.
By topic
Religion
April - Pope Anastasius III succeeds Pope Sergius III as the 120th pope.
Deaths
April 14 - Pope Sergius III, pope of the Roman Catholic Church
References
Katie Cassidy

Katherine Evelyn Anita Cassidy (also Katie Cassidy; born November 25, 1986) is an American actress. She played Kris Fowles in A Nightmare on Elm Street (the 2010 movie). She also played Ruby in the series Supernatural.
Cassidy was born in Los Angeles.
References
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1986 births
Living people
Plectrohyla matudai

Matuda's spikethumb frog (Plectrohyla matudai) is a frog that lives in Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras. Scientists have seen it in cloud forests in Mexico between 700 and 2300 meters above sea level, in pine-oak forests in Guatemala, and in pine-oak forests in Honduras at 1370 meters above sea level.
Appearance
The adult male frog is 31.5 to 46.0 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 36.0 to 49.0 cm long. Frogs that live in the west are larger than frogs that live in the east. For a frog, this animal has short back legs. This frog is light brown in color with dark brown or black spots. Most of these frogs have dark stripes under their eyes and above their mouths.
Tadpoles
Tadpoles live in streams where the water moves fast. They grab onto large rocks.
Threats
This frog is not in danger of dying out, but it is still in some danger. This is because human beings change the places it lives into farms or towns. Human beings also cut down the forests for lumber. The fungal disease chytridiomycosis can also make this frog sick. However, adult P. madudai frogs do not die from chytrid disease as much as other frogs do.
Name
This frog is named after Dr. Eizi Matuda. He was born in Japan in 1894. He moved to Mexico in 1922 and became head of botany at Mexico's National Institute of Forestry.
References
Frogs of North America
Paul Hellyer

Paul Theodore Hellyer, (6 August 1923 - 8 August 2021) was a Canadian engineer, politician, writer, and commentator. He was the longest serving member of the Privy Council of Canada. He was born in Waterford, Ontario.
Hellyer was a member of the Parliament of Canada from 1949 to 1957 and again from 1958 to 1974. He was Minister of National Defence from 1963 to 1967 and Minister of Transport from 1967 to 1969.
Hellyer died on 8 August 2021 after falling at his Toronto home, just two days after his 98th birthday.
References
Other websites
1923 births
2021 deaths
Canadian engineers
Political commentators
Writers from Ontario
Politicians from Ontario
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Aerospace engineers
Histiobranchus australis

Histiobranchus australis, the southern cutthroat eel, is a cutthroat eel in the family Synaphobranchidae. It dwells at a depth range of 950 to 3,001 metres (3,117 to 9,846 ft) as it leads a benthic lifestyle. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the southern Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean. It is also known as the angel eel, spider eel, cutthroat fish, or the southern cutthroat. Synonyms for it are Synaphobranchus australis.
References
Synonyms of Histiobranchus australis at www.fishbase.org
Common names for Histiobranchus australis at www.fishbase.org.
Ray-finned fish
Blue Ridge, Georgia

Blue Ridge is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Fannin County.
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Andrew Smith

Andrew Smith (September 9, 1990 - January 12, 2016) was an American basketball player. He was a center. He played college basketball for the Butler Bulldogs (Butler University) from 2009 to 2013. He played professionally for BC Neptunas in Lithuania from 2013 to 2014. He was born in Washington, D.C. and grew up in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Smith died from non-Hodgkin lymphoma on January 12, 2016 in Indianapolis, at the age of 25.
References
Other websites
Official profile at Butler Sports
1990 births
2016 deaths
American basketball players
American Christians
Cancer deaths in Indiana
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Sportspeople from Indianapolis
Sportspeople from Washington, D.C.
Cugnasco

Cugnasco was a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 20 April 2008, the former municipalities of Cugnasco and Gerra (Verzasca) merged to form the new municipality of Cugnasco-Gerra.
Other websites
Cugnasco Homepage
Panoramic picture
Former municipalities of Ticino
2008 disestablishments in Switzerland
Southern Ireland

Southern Ireland was the twenty-six county Irish state created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. This Act divided the island of Ireland in two, Northern Ireland (covering approximately fifteen percent of the island, in the northeast) and Southern Ireland (covering the remaining territory to the south and west). Both were given bicameral (two houses) parliaments and separate governments.
The king was represented by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who also acted in Northern Ireland.
Southern Ireland never existed except on paper. It was set up by law, but the first attempted meeting of its Parliament failed because it was short of a quorum (the number of members needed to hold a meeting). The second sitting was only to confirm the decision of Dail Eireann to confirm the Anglo-Irish Treaty, then dissolved it itself.
So the British government set up Southern Ireland but there was never any government to take power.
Birth of The Irish Free State
After the treaty was confirmed Michael Collins, head of Dail Eireann's government became Chairman of the Provisional Government
According to the British he met the Lord Lieutenant and was made the King's prime minister. According to the Irish viewpoint, Collins went to accept the surrender of Dublin Castle. Arthur Griffith became President of Dail Eireann, and then both Dail Eireann and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland were then replaced in a new election, for the 'Third Dail', sometimes called the 'Provisional Parliament' or the 'Constituent Assembly'. When Griffith died and a week later Collins was assassinated both in August 1922, W.T. Cosgrave was appointed to both offices, so the Irish nationalist and the British both systems of government joined into one temporary system, until the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State came into force in December 1922.
Footnotes
Southern Ireland is sometimes erroneously used as a name for the Republic of Ireland or the earlier Irish Free State. However, officially the term has been wrong since 1922.
Related pages
Irish Home Rule
1920s in Ireland
1920s in the United Kingdom
1922 in Europe
Montussaint

Montussaint is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Izumi Kobayashi

Izumi Kobayashi (Xiao Lin Quan Mei ) is a Japanese professional Go player at Nihon Ki-in since 1995. She is known for holding many female titles in the 2000s.
Notable family members
Izumi Kobayashi has several professional players in her family.
Grandfather: Minoru Kitani, 9-dan professional go player
Father: Koichi Kobayashi, 9-dan professional go player, holder of three honorary titles
Husband: Cho U, 9-dan professional player from Taiwan
Records
Japanese books
She has wrote introductory Go books which were published by the NHK publishing.
[Xiao Lin Quan Mei noyasashiiJi Chu ]
[Xiao Lin Quan Mei noyasashii19Lu Pan noDa chiFang ] (How to simply play in a 1919 board)
References
Other websites
Official Profile
1977 births
Go players from Tokyo
Sportswomen
Living people
Idaho County, Idaho

Idaho County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,267. The county seat and largest city is Grangeville.
The county is one of the few counties in the United States with two time zones, divided by the Salmon River. Most of the county is in the Pacific Time Zone, but those areas south of the Salmon River are in the Mountain Time Zone.
Communities
Cities
Cottonwood
Ferdinand
Grangeville
Kooskia
Riggins
Stites
White Bird
Census-designated place
Elk City
Unincorporated communities
Burgdorf
Clearwater
Denver
Dixie
Fenn
Golden
Greencreek
Harpster
Lowell
Lucile
Mackay Bar
Orogrande
Pittsburg Landing
Pollock
Powell Junction
Red River Hot Springs
Syringa
Taylor
Warren
Woodland
Ghost town
Mount Idaho
References
Other websites
Idaho County official website
1864 establishments in Idaho Territory
Idaho counties
MOAP

MOAP (Mobile Oriented Applications Platform) is the software platform for NTT DoCoMo's FOMA service for mobile phones.
Because it has a closed user interface, third parties cannot make applications or install applications, unlike UIQ and S60.
Versions
There are two versions of MOAP:
MOAP(S) runs on phones that run Symbian OS from some manufacturers, such as Fujitsu, Sony Ericsson Japan, Mitsubishi, Sharp and more. Unlike Series 60 and UIQ, which are other platforms based on Symbian, MOAP(S) is not an open development platform. MOAP(S) is released as open source from Symbian Foundation under the EPL.
MOAP(L) is supported by Linux-based phones from Panasonic and NEC. MOAP(L) is also not an open development platform.
Related pages
Symbian
References
Linux
Mobile phones
Argonia, Kansas

Argonia is a city in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 501 people lived there.
History
Argonia was created in 1881. It was named after the ship Argo in Greek mythology. In 1887, Susanna M. Salter became the first woman to win political office in United States history; she was elected Mayor of Argonia.
Geography
Argonia is at (37.265299, -97.766123). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 501 people, 216 households, and 135 families living in Argonia.
Education
Argonia is part of the Argonia USD 359 school district.
Famous people
Susanna M. Salter, former mayor of Argonia, became the first woman elected mayor in the United States in 1887.
References
Other websites
City
City of Argonia
Argonia - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 359, local school district
Maps
Argonia City Map, KDOT
1881 establishments in Kansas
Cities in Sumner County, Kansas
K. K. Usha

K. K. Usha (3 July 1939 - 5 October 2020) was an Indian politician and lawyer. She was born in Thrissur, Kerala. She was married to Judge K. Sukumaran. She was a judge on the Kerala High Court between 1991 to 2001. She was the chief justice between 2000 to 2001.
Usha died on 5 October 2020 at a hospital in Thiruvananthapuram from cardiac arrest caused by spinal cord surgery, aged 81.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
People from Kerala
Indian judges
Mynämäki

Mynamaki is a municipality in Southwest Finland, Finland. As of January 2014 about 7950 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Aura, Eura, Laitila, Masku, Nousiainen, Poytya, Rusko, Taivassalo, Turku and Vehmaa.
Most people speak Finnish.
Other websites
Mynamaki website
Municipalities of Southwest Finland
Kim Sung-gan

Kim Sung-Gan (Hangul:gimseonggan, November 17, 1912 - May 19, 1984) was a South Korean athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Japanese national team in 1940.
International career statistics
|-
|1940||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
References
Other websites
Japan Football Association
Japan National Football Team Database
1912 births
1984 deaths
People from Pyongyang
Japanese footballers
South Korean footballers
Japan international footballers
Disestablishmentarianism

Disestablishmentarianism is a person who favors the separation of church and state, especially the withdrawal of special rights, status, and support granted an established church by a state; an advocate of disestablishing a state church.
It originates from movements in Henry VIII's England to remove the "establishment" of the Catholic Church.
Religion in the United Kingdom
Camptosaurus

Camptosaurus (meaning "bent lizard") was a plant-eater from the Upper Jurassic (about 156 to 145 million years ago). It is related to Iguanodon.
It was a heavy ornithischian dinosaur that was about 16-23 feet (5-7 m) long and 3-4 feet (1 m) high at the hips, weighing roughly 2,200 pounds (1000 kg). It had a long snout, hundreds of teeth and a horny beak. Its legs were longer than its arms; it had four-toed feet and five-fingered arms, all with hooves. It could walk on two or four legs, it probably went on all four to graze for low-lying plants.
Ornithopods
Jurassic dinosaurs
State Farm Insurance

State Farm Insurance is an insurance agency with headquarters in Bloomington, Illinois. They serve both the U.S. and Canada. They sponsor the Lone Star Showdown.
Other websites
State Farm -- main official website
State Farm Bank -- official website
State Farm's Youth Advisory Board -- official website
State Farm Canada
State Farm's University of Illinois Research Center
1922 establishments in the United States
Insurance companies of the United States
Companies based in Illinois
Les Moonves

Leslie Roy "Les" Moonves (born 6 October 1949) was President and chief executive officer (CEO) of CBS Corporation. Moonves was born in New York City. He is a former vice-president of Lorimar Productions. In 1995 he resigned as president of Warner Brothers Television and became president of CBS Productions. In 2003 he became CEO of CBS Television. From 2003 he has been CEO of CBS Corporation. In 2016, he became Chairman and resigned in September 2018 after multiple women accused him of sexual harassment.
In July 2018, The New York Times reported that Moonves would be the subject of an investigation by the board of directors of CBS. According to The New Yorker, six women accuse Moonves of sexual harassment and intimidation.
In September 2018, The New Yorker reported that six more women had raised accusations against Moonves, going back to the 1980s. He resigned as Chair later that day. As of February 8, 2019, Moonves is now head of his own company in West Hollywood, California, named Moon Rise Unlimited.
References
1949 births
Living people
American chief executives
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Gamma

Gamma (uppercase/lowercase G g), is the third letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "g" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 3. Letters that came from it include the Roman C and Cyrillic G.
In mathematics, the lowercase g is used to represent Euler-Mascheroni constant, and the uppercase G is used to represent gamma function and gamma distribution.
In physics, gamma rays (g-rays) are a kind of radiation that result from nuclear decay. In the physics and engineering, gamma is used to represent many different things, depending on the subject.
Related pages
Digamma
References
Greek alphabet
Ria Simmelink

Ria Simmelink (born 1900s) was a Dutch athletics competitor who was specialized in the javelin throw but also competed in other events. She was a member of athletics club Hercules-Hebe. Simmelink was the best Dutch female javelin thrower in the 1920s, being multiple times national record holder and national champion.
Career
Simmelink won het first javelin throw competition on 1 June 1924. The athletics association organized a men's athletics competitions including one women's event, the javelin throw. At the end of the month she became for the first time champion of Twente. She was selected by the athletics association of Twente to compete at the international 1924 Westfalen-Twente athletics competition in Munster. She finished in this competition third behind Erna Proschold and another German.
In 1925 the women's national record in javelin throw was introduced. Simmelink set the first javelin throw national record, after winning the javelin throw event at the national competition in Hengelo with a distance of 28.24 metres on 26 July 1925. In 1926, she became again javelin throw champion of Twente. She also won the bronze medal in the 100 metres, losing from Bets ter Horst. She improved her own national record on 24 July 1927 at the championships of Twente. A year later on 2 September 1928, she became Dutch national champion, beating her own national record with a distance 29.31 metres. She lost her record to Leny Rombout on 15 July 1929.
References
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Sportspeople from South Holland
Javelin throwers
1900s births
Luling, Texas

Luling is a city in Caldwell and Guadalupe counties, in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Tisha b'av

Tisha b'av is a fast day in Judaism. On this day multiple disasters happened, mainly the destruction of the First Temple and the Second Temple.
Jewish festivals and holidays
Koichi Iida

Koichi Iida (May 20, 1888 November 8, 1973) was a Japanese American businessman from Hawai`i. He is the founder of Central Pacific Bank.
Early life and education
Iida was born on 20th May 1888 in Osaka, Japan. He was the son of Matsukichi Iida. His father moved to Honolulu in 1895.
Koichi Iida graduated from Osaka Commercial School in 1906. He then moved to Los Angeles, where he studied English. Five years later he moved to Hawai`i. He joined his father in running the business. His father left the business to Koichi lida and returned to Japan in 1931.
Career
Iida was a founding member of the Honolulu Japanese Traders Union. He was elected president in 1928. When the Traders Union merged with the Honolulu Japanese Chamber of Commerce, he became its president in 1940. In the meantime his business continued to grow until World war ll took place. He was imprisoned in several internment camps in United States of America during World war II. He was imprisoned for the duration of the war. He returned to Hawai`i in 1945. After he returned, he worked with Daizo Sumida and Shuichi Fukunaga to revive the Honolulu Japanese Chamber of Commerce again. He was again elected the president of the Chamber in 1948. Iida was also the first president of Central Pacific Bank. It was founded in 1954. When Ala Moana Shopping Center opened in 1959, Iida store was one of the first 50 stores in the mall. It was operating in that location until 2005.
Iida was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 5th class, in 1965. He retired from his position as Board Member of Central Pacific Bank in 1970. He died on 8 November 1973.
References
Other websites
1888 births
1973 deaths
People from Osaka
Japanese businesspeople
Businesspeople from Hawaii
Shai Hulud (band)

Shai Hulud is a hardcore punk band with progressive metal influences formed in Pompano Beach, Florida in 1995.
Band members
Current members
Matt Ian Mazzali - vocals (2007-present)
Matt Fox - guitar (1995-present)
Matthew Fletcher - bass (1998-present)
Andrew Gormley - drums (1999-2000, 2007-present)
Chad Kishick - guitar - (2008-present)
Past members
Damien Moyal - vocals (1995)
Chad Gilbert - vocals (1996-1998)
Geert Van Der Velde - vocals (1999-2004)
Eric Dellon - vocals (2005-2006)
Oliver Chapoy - guitar (1996-1998)
Matt Canning - guitar (2003-2004)
Ryan Burns - guitar (2005-2006)
Dave Silber - bass (1995-1999)
Jared Allen - bass (2000-2002)
Jason Lederman - drums (1995)
Steve Kleisath - drums (1996-1998)
Spikey Goldbach - drums (1999)
Chris Cardinal - drums (2000-2001)
Tony Tintari - drums (2002-2004)
Brian Go - drums (2005-2006)
Greg Thomas - guitar (2007-2008)
Albums
1997: A Profound Hatred of Man
1997: Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion
1998: The Fall of Every Man
1999: A Whole New Level of Sickness
2000: Crush 'Em All Vol. 1
2003: That Within Blood Ill-Tempered
2005: A Comprehensive Retrospective: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Release Bad and Useless Recordings
2008: Misanthropy Pure''
References
American heavy metal bands
American punk bands
progressive metal bands
Metalcore bands
Musical groups from Florida
New Hebron, Mississippi

New Hebron is a small town in Lawrence County, Mississippi, United States.
Towns in Mississippi
Vincent, Alabama

Vincent is a city of Shelby, St. Clair, and Talladega counties in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It was known as Propel.
Cities in Alabama
Solomon Islands national under-17 football team

The Solomon Islands national under-17 football team is the national under-17 team of Solomon Islands. They have have qualified for the FIFA U-17 World Cup in 2019.
Oceanian national football teams
National sports teams of the Solomon Islands
2021 Kabul airport attacks

On 26 August 2021, a suicide bombing happened near Abbey Gate at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, Afghanistan. This attack came hours after the United States State Department told Americans outside the airport to leave because of a terrorist threat.
Media said there was a second explosion; Media said later that there was only one explosion.
At least 170 people have been killed by the attacks as many people were at the airport trying the leave the country. The attack happened over a week after the Taliban took control of Afghanistan. The ISIS-K (other name: Islamic State Khorasan) said they were responsible for the attacks. 13 U.S. soldiers were killed in the attacks, becoming the first American military deaths in Afghanistan since February 2020.
References
2021 disasters in Afghanistan
2021 mass shootings
2020s explosions in Asia
2020s murders in Asia
2021 airport attacks
Attacks on airports
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2021
Attacks on buildings and structures in Asia
August 2021 events
Building bombings in Asia
Massacres in Afghanistan
Explosions in 2021
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in Asia
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2020s
Mass murder in 2021
Mass shootings in Asia
2021 massacres in Asia
Suicide bombings in Asia
Suicide bombings in the 2020s
Suicide in 2021
Terrorist incidents in Asia in 2021
War in Afghanistan (since 1978)
Jessica Oyelowo

Jessica Oyelowo (born Jessica Watson in 1978) is an English actress. She is known for her roles in Murphy's Law, Mayo, and in Hex.
She studied at Woodbridge School. She was a member of the National Youth Music Theatre. She lives in Los Angeles with her husband, actor David Oyelowo, and their three sons.
Other websites
BBC Mayo
tv.com
1978 births
Living people
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Edmund Beecher Wilson

Edmund Beecher Wilson (Geneva, Illinois, 19 October 1856 - 3 March 1939) was a pioneering American zoologist and cell biologist. He wrote one of the most famous textbooks in the history of modern biology, The Cell.
Career
Wilson graduated from Yale in 1878. He earned his doctorate at Johns Hopkins in 1881. He was a lecturer at Williams College in 1883-84 and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1884-85. He served as professor of biology at Bryn Mawr College from 1885 to 1891.
He spent the balance of his career at Columbia University where he was successively adjunct professor of biology (1891-94), professor of invertebrate zoology (1894-1897), and professor of zoology (from 1897).
Wilson is credited as America's first cell biologist. In 1898 he used the similarity in embryos to describe evolutionary relationships. By observing spiral cleavage in molluscs, flatworms and annelids he concluded that the same organs came from the same group of cells and concluded that all these organisms must have a common ancestor.
He also discovered the chromosomal XY sex-determination system in 1905--that males have XY and females XX sex chromosomes. Nettie Stevens independently made the same discovery the same year.
In 1907, he described, for the first time, the additional or supernumerary chromosomes, now called B-chromosomes.
Professor Wilson published many papers on embryology, and served as President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1913.
The American Society for Cell Biology annually awards the E.B. Wilson Medal in his honour.
Sutton and Boveri
1902-1904: Theodor Boveri (1862-1915), a German biologist, in a series of papers, drew attention to the correspondence between the behaviour of chromosomes and the results obtained by Mendel. He said that chromosomes were "independent entities which retain their independence even in the resting nucleus... What comes out of the nucleus is what goes into it".
In 1903 Walter Sutton suggested that chromosomes, which segregate in a Mendelian fashion, are hereditary units. Wilson, who was Sutton's teacher, called this the Sutton-Boveri hypothesis.
References
1856 births
1939 deaths
Columbia University faculty
American geneticists
American zoologists
Cell biologists
Scientists from Illinois
Yale University alumni
Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

Philadelphia County is the most populous county in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of 2020, Philadelphia County had a population of 1,603,797 residents. The county is the second smallest county in Pennsylvania by land area, but the largest in population.
Philadelphia County is one of the three original counties, along with Chester and Bucks counties, created by William Penn during November 1682.
References
1680s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
1682 establishments
Pennsylvania counties
University of Copenhagen

The University of Copenhagen was founded in 1479. It is the oldest university and research institution in Denmark. it is the second oldest institution for higher education in Scandinavia after Uppsala University (1477). The university has 23,473 undergraduate students, 17,398 postgraduate students, 2,968 doctoral students and more than 9,000 employees. It has four campuses located in and around Copenhagen. The headquarters are located in central Copenhagen. Most courses are taught in Danish. However, many courses are also offered in English. A few are taught in German. The university has several thousands of foreign students. About half come from Nordic countries.
The university is a member of the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU). The Academic Ranking of World Universities, compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ranked the University of Copenhagen as the leading university in Scandinavia. It is ranked 39th best university in the world in 2014. It is ranked 45th in the 2014 QS World University Rankings.
References
Other websites
University of Copenhagen Website
Copenhagen
Colleges and universities in Europe
1479 establishments
1470s establishments in Europe
Organizations based in Denmark