pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Begging the question

Begging the question requires two or more ideas. Each of these ideas may or may not be true. The speaker of these ideas tries to show that one idea is true by saying a second idea proves it, but the second idea is true only if the first idea is true already.
Begging the question is commonly known as circular reasoning, though they are not exactly the same.
Begging the question is a fallacy.
Examples
"If such actions were not illegal, then they would not be prohibited by the law." (The sentence means "If that wasn't okay, then it wouldn't be okay.")
Modern usage
"This begs the question" has recently been used to mean "this raises the question." This usage is often criticized as inappropriate.
References
Logical fallacies
Dzsenifer Marozsán

Dzsenifer Marozsan (born 18 April 1992 in Budapest, Hungary) is a German association football midfielder. She currently plays for 1. FFC Frankfurt and the Germany women's national football team. She is the daughter of Hungarian association football player, Janos Marozsan.
References
1992 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Budapest
Football at the 1962 Asian Games

1962 Football at the Asian Games was held in Jakarta from 25 August to 4 September.
Results
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Knockout stage
References
Football at the Asian Games
1962 in association football
1960s in Asia
Football in Indonesia
August events
September events
Malzy

Malzy is a commune. It is in Picardie in the Aisne department in north France.
Communes in Aisne
Pansexual flag

The pansexual flag is a bright pink, yellow and cyan flag. It was made as a symbol for the pansexual community to increase its visibility and recognition.
History and use
The flag has been in wide use since the early 2010s when it was posted on an anonymous Tumblr account, by its creator Jasper V. The flag is used as a symbol of the pansexual community, just like the rainbow flag is used for the LGBT community. The pansexual pride flag is used to show that pansexuals have sexual attractions and relationships with people of different genders and sexualities.
Design and symbolism
The pansexual flag consists of three equally-sized colored horizontal bars. They are magenta on top, yellow in the middle, and cyan on the bottom.
Some sources say that the cyan represents attraction to men. But others say it represents people who are attracted to men. Magenta represents attraction to women. Yellow represents attraction to non-binary people such as those who are agender, bigender and genderfluid. Other sources say that the colours cyan, magenta, and yellow stand for those who identify as men, women and non-binary people, respectively.
Related pages
Rainbow flag (LGBT)
Bisexual flag
Transgender flag
References
Pansexuality
LGBT flags
Cesar Romero

Cesar Julio Romero, Jr. (February 15, 1907 - January 1, 1994) was an American stage, movie and television actor. He was in movies, radio works, and television programs for almost sixty years. His roles included playing lovers, historical people in costume dramas, characters in light comedies, and the Joker in the Batman 1966 TV series.
Romero was born on February 15, 1907 in New York City. He was raised in Bradley Beach, New Jersey. He never married. He was a homosexual. Romero died on January 1, 1994 in Santa Monica, California from complications of a pulmonary embolism caused by bronchopneumonia. He was 86 years old.
References
Other websites
1907 births
1994 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from New York (state)
Actors who played the Joker
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from bronchopneumonia
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Infectious disease deaths in California
LGBT actors
LGBT people from New Jersey
LGBT people from New York (state)
Mariya Ahmed Didi

Mariya Ahmed Didi is a Maldivian representative in the parliament. In 2007 she received the International Women of Courage Award.
In March 2006, the police arrested a female activist at her house late at night, so Didi organized the first women's rights protest in Maldives.
References
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Political activists
Maldivian politicians
Living people
1962 births
Lawyers
Women's rights activists
1999 Nepalese general election

General elections were held in Nepal on 3 and 17 May 1999. The Nepali Congress emerged as the largest party, gaining 28 seats, while the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN-UML) lost 17.
Results
Distribution of seats
Related pages
List of MPs elected in the 1999 Nepalese general election
References
General elections
Nepal
20th century in Nepal
Politics of Nepal
Johnny Mandel

John Alfred Mandel (November 23, 1925 - June 29, 2020) was an American composer, conductor and arranger of movie scores and jazz music. He was born in New York City.
Mandel's most famous compositions include "Suicide Is Painless" (theme from the movie and TV series M*A*S*H), "Close Enough for Love", "Emily" and "A Time for Love" (nominated for an Academy Award).
He wrote many movie scores, including the score of The Sandpiper. The love theme for that movie "The Shadow of Your Smile", which he co-wrote with Paul Francis Webster, won the 1965 Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1966.
Mandel died on June 29, 2020 at his home in Ojai, California at the age of 94.
References
Grammy Award winners
Academy Award winning composers
1925 births
2020 deaths
American composers
American conductors
Writers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Valzeina

Valzeina was a municipality of the district of Prattigau/Davos in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2011, Fanas and Valzeina became part of the municipality of Grusch.
Other websites
Official website
Former municipalities of Graubunden
2011 disestablishments in Switzerland
Pave Lane

Pave Lane is a hamlet in Shropshire, England. It is in the borough of Telford and Wrekin. It is located south of Newport, near the border with Staffordshire. The hamlet is in a very rural area. It has excellent views of the Shropshire countryside. Pave Lane is near the former estate, Lilleshall Hall.
Pave Lane was located on a toll road between Newport and Wolverhampton. Because of this, the area had many inns and coach houses. The road later became the A41.
Hamlets in England
Settlements in Shropshire
Nicki

Nicki is a given name, Nicki is a unisex name of English origin. It is derived from the name Nicholas, which is derived from the Greek name Nikolaos, meaning "victory of the people". This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
and may refer to:
Movie and television
Nicki Aycox (born 1975), American actress best known for her roles as Syl on the series Dark Angel and Stella Vessey on the dramedy Ed
Nicki Chapman (born 1967), English television presenter who also works in the British pop music industry
Nicki Clyne (born 1983), Canadian actress
Nicki Hunter, American pornographic actress and director
Nicki Paull, Australian actress
Nicki Shields, English television presenter who also works as the Formula E pit lane reporter
Other
Nicki (singer), stage name of German pop singer Doris Andrea Hrda (born 1966)
Nicki French (born 1964), English singer and dancer
Nicki McNelly (born 1962), British Anglican priest
Nicki Minaj (born 1982), Trinidadian rapper, singer and songwriter
Nicki Sorensen (born 1975), Danish male professional road bicycle racer
References
Given names
Detective Didi

Detective Didi is an Detective Indian television series that premiered on 9 December 2017 and airs on zee TV The series is produced by Trilogy Krikos Production. It Stars Sonia Balani and Manish Golpania in Lead roles.
References
2017 Indian television series debuts
Erie County, Pennsylvania

Erie County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 270,876. The county seat is Erie.
References
Pennsylvania counties
1800s establishments in Pennsylvania
1803 establishments in the United States
Sun bear

The sun bear (Ursus malayanus or Helarctos malayanus) is a bear living in Southeast Asia.
Appearance
The sun bear is the smallest bear. It has short black fur, and a yellow spot on its chest. Its ears are small and round. It has big feet with naked soles and long claws, which help the sun bear climbing. It can climb very well. It cannot see very well, but its sense of smell is very good.
Life
Sun bears mostly live in tropic rainforests. They are mostly active at night, and they stay in trees a lot of the time.
It eats a lot of different things: fruit and other plants, eggs, honey and insects. They also eat small vertebrate animals, like reptiles, birds and mammals.
After a pregnancy of 96 days the female gives birth to 1-2 babies. Young sun bears become mature when they are 3-4 years old. sun bears can become up to 28 years old when in captivity (held by humans, e.g. in zoos).
Sun bears do not hibernate.
Other websites
Sun bear by BearPlanet
Bears
Mammals of Asia
Xiaomi Mi Note 2

The Xiaomi Mi Note2 () is a smartphone made by Xiaomi Inc. It is part of Xiaomi's Mi Note Series smartphone line. It was released in November 2016.
Specifications
References
Other websites
Xiaomi Website
Xiaomi mobile phones
Mobile phones released in 2016
Mobile phones with 4K video recording
Oglesby, Illinois

Oglesby is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
Harmonic mean

Harmonic means are a type of mean. It is the number of values divided by the reciprocal of the values. If there are numbers , then the harmonic mean of these numbers are
Out of the geometric mean and arithmetic mean, the harmonic mean is usually the smallest.
Example
Let's find the harmonic mean of 2,4 and 5. There are three numbers so we will be dividing three. The reciprocals of the numbers are , and . If we add the reciprocals we get . If we divide three by this number, the result is (approximately 3.157894737)
References
Statistics
Mathematical analysis
Saint-Martin-de-Valamas

Saint-Martin-de-Valamas is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben

August Heinrich Hoffmann (April 2, 1798 - January 19, 1874), who used Hoffmann von Fallersleben as his pen name, was a German poet. He is best known for writing "Das Lied der Deutschen", which is now the national anthem of Germany, and a number of popular children's songs.
Fallersleben, Heinrich Hoffman von
1798 births
1874 deaths
Dean Heller

Dean Heller (born May 10, 1960) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Nevada. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and was in the Senate from May 9, 2011 to January 3, 2019. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011.
Heller lost re-election in 2018 to Democratic challenger Jacky Rosen by nearly 5%.
In September 2021, Heller announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for Governor of Nevada in the 2022 election.
Heller was born on May 10, 1960 in Castro Valley, California. He graduated from the University of Southern California. He is married to Lynne Heller. They have four children.
References
Other websites
1960 births
Living people
Politicians from California
United States representatives from Nevada
United States senators from Nevada
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Laura Arrillaga-Andreessen

Laura Arrillaga-Andreessen is an American philanthropist, which means she gives money to help other people.
Early Life
Laura Arillaga-Andreessen always wanted to help other people. She was born around 1970 in Palo Alto, California. She is famous for being generous. In seventh grade, Laura became aware of families that were less fortunate communities and decided to donate her life to philanthropy. Arillaga-Andreessen's mom helped at Children and Family Services in Palo Alto. Watching her mom, she learned that some other people did not have everything they need to live. Later on she was able to volunteer with the Ecumenical Hunger Program. She is the daughter of a real estate billionaire. She did not know her family was wealthy until she reached high school.
Education
Arillaga-Andreessen attended Castilleja School for high school. She went to college at Stanford University. Her mom was diagnosed with lung cancer, which stoped Laura from going to Stanford Business School.
Work and Awards
Laura has written a best selling book on philanthropy called Giving 2.0. She also founded the Marc and Laura Andreessen Foundation, which gives money to Bay Area nonprofits. She teaches classes about the idea that "giving away money is easy- doing so effectively is much harder." Laura has won the Henry Crown Fellow of Aspen Institute and the Jacqueline Kennedy Award for Women Leadership all for her work in philanthropy.
References
Living people
People from California
Year of birth missing (living people)
American businesspeople
American philanthropists
Humanitarians
Stanford University alumni
Siġġiewi

Siggiewi (, ), also called by its title Citta Ferdinand, is a city and a local council in the Southern Region of Malta. It is the third largest council in Malta after Rabat and Mellieha respectively. It is near Mdina, the ancient capital city of Malta, and away from Valletta. It is the home of 8367 inhabitants as of March 2014.
References
Cities in Malta
Hong Sa-ik

Hong Sa-ik (hangul: hongsaig, hanja: Hong Si Yi , born February 2, 1887 - September 26, 1946) was a military general for Japan, but he was from Korea.
In September 1905, Hong Sa-ik entered the Korean empire military school but switched to a Japanese military school in Tokyo after Japan took over the country. He joined the Japanese military. From 1910 until 1936, he served in the army and he was promoted to general. In 1940, he was appointed to work in the city of Nanjing in China. In 1944 he was sent to the Philippines, where he was put in charge of prisons for captured Allied soldiers.
In August 1945, Japan was defeated by the American army and other Allied forces. Hong Sa-ik tried to escape, but he was arrested by the American army. He was called a Class B war criminal, meaning that he committed crimes that are not unusual in war, like harming the prisoners in his camps. But the Allies did not think he planned the war or committed crimes against humanity, like the Nazis who ran the Holocaust.
On September 26, 1946, he was executed by firing squad with other Japanese generals.
References
Shan Ben Qi Ping {Hong Si Yi Zhong Jiang noChu Xing } (Wen Yi Chun Qiu , 1986Nian )
Shan Ben Qi Ping {Hong Si Yi Zhong Jiang noChu Xing } Shang , Xia (Zhu Mo Shu Fang chikumaWen Ku , 2006Nian ), Shang , Xia
Chang Ye Wei Yi {Li Zhao noWu Ren toYing Hua Ri Han Shi noZhong noHong Si Yi Zhong Jiang } (Jiao Chuan Shu Dian , 1992Nian )
Ming Yue Er Huang Zhi Zhu {Ri Han Gong Ming Er Qian Nian Shi korewoDu mebaHan Guo moRi Ben moHao kininaru} (Ming Cheng She , 2002Nian )
1887 births
1946 deaths
Korean people
Negentropy

Negentropy is reverse entropy. It means things becoming more in order. By 'order' is meant organisation, structure and function: the opposite of randomness or chaos. One example of negentropy is a star system such as the Solar System. Another example is life.
As a general rule, everything in the universe tends towards entropy. Star systems eventually become dead. All energy has gone, and everything in the system is at the temperature of the surrounding space. The opposite of entropy is negentropy. It is a temporary condition in which certain things are hotter and more highly organised than the surrounding space. This is the second law of thermodynamics:
The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time.
Life is considered to be negentropic because it converts things which have some order, such as food, into things with more order, such as cells in the body, tissues, and organs. In doing so, it gives off heat. Another example of negentropic things are societies, or social systems, because they take disorderly things such as communications, and make them more orderly and useful.
Notes
Thermodynamics
Poets Corner Group

Poets Corner Group is a poetry group in India founded in 2011 by poet Yaseen Anwer. The group hosts online competitions, poetry reading events, panel discussions, book launches, workshops, and other activities. Poets Corner organizes annual poetry event in New Delhi called Delhi Poetry Festival. It has published over 21 anthologies in both English and Hindi.
Related pages
Delhi Poetry Festival
References
Other websites
corner.in/ Official website
CNN-IBN
Poetry
Cultural organizations
Organizations based in India
Failure

A failure (fail, or flop) is where a goal or mission is not completed. It can mean the opposite of success.
Commercial failure
A commercial failure is a product that does not complete a goal.
Most of the items listed below had high expectations, but failed to be successful.
For flops in computer and video games, see List of commercial failures in computer and video gaming
For company failures of the 1997-2001 Dot-com bubble, see Dot-com company
See also Vaporware
Box-office bomb
Product failure
Product failure can be the failure to sell the product, or a problem with the product that may stop it from working after a while, or lead to the person using the product hurting themselves. The Edsel, a brand from Ford that was marketed in the late 50's is one of the best known product failures and became closely associated with them.
Examinations
People who take tests or examinations will pass the test if they are successful. If they are unsuccessful they "fail" the test.
Basic English 850 words
Roger Williams (American politician)

John Roger Williams (born September 13, 1949) is an American businessman and politician. He has been the U.S. Representative for Texas's 25th congressional district since 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. He worked for Governor Rick Perry as Secretary of State of Texas from November 2004 to July 1, 2007.
With a net worth of $27.7 million, Williams is one of the wealthiest members of Congress.
References
1949 births
Living people
United States representatives from Texas
Businesspeople from Texas
Businesspeople from Evanston, Illinois
Politicians from Evanston, Illinois
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Carbonate

A carbonate is a chemical compound that has the carbonate ion, . This ion is made of carbon and oxygen. The name may also mean an ester of carbonic acid, an organic compound containing the carbonate group C(=O)(O-)2 of carbon and oxygen. They have a valency of 1.
When added to an acid, a carbonate will produce carbon dioxide, water and a chemical salt. Sedimentary rocks containing calcite and other carbonates are plentiful in the earth.
Related pages
Bicarbonate
Calcium carbonate
Polycarbonate
Sodium carbonate
Ions
Lloyd Cowan

Lloyd Cowan (8 July 1962 - January 2021) was a British track and field athlete. He was born in London.
Cowan was selected for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, but he could not go because of an illness. He represented England in the 110 metres hurdles event, at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.
He won his last medal at the AAA nationals in 1999.
On 11 January 2021, it was announced that Cowan had died at the age of 58.
References
1962 births
2021 deaths
British athletes
British Olympians
Hurdlers
Sportspeople from London
Sportspeople from Essex
G-type main-sequence star

A GV star, or yellow dwarf, is a main-sequence star. It is of spectral type G and luminosity class V on the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. The term yellow dwarf is a misnomer, because G-type stars actually range in color from white, for more luminous types like the Sun, to only very slightly yellow for the less massive and luminous G-type main-sequence stars. See spectral classification for a chart of star color by light type.
GV stars are small (about 0.8 to 1.0 solar masses) and have a surface temperature of between 5,300 and 6,000 K. Like other main-sequence stars, a GV star turns hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion.
Our Sun is the most commonly known (and most easily seen) example of a GV star. Each second, it combines around 600 million tons of hydrogen to helium, changing about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Other GV stars include Alpha Centauri A, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.
Our own Sun looks yellow through the Earth's atmosphere due to Rayleigh scattering. Without that, it would look white. Even though the name "dwarf" is used to compare yellow main sequence stars from giant stars, yellow dwarfs like the Sun are 90% brighter than all of the stars in the Milky Way (which are largely orange dwarfs, red dwarfs, and white dwarfs).
A GV star fuses hydrogen nuclei together and release energy for around 10 billion years. After the hydrogen is used up, the star will grow to many times its earlier size and become a red giant like Aldebaran. Eventually the red giant will lose its outer layers of gas, which will become a planetary nebula, while the inside of the star (also known as the core) will cool and shrink into a small, very dense white dwarf.
Notes
Other articles
Red dwarf
Brown dwarf
Types of stars
Société Bic

Societe Bic, better known as just Bic, is a Consumer goods company. Bic is known for their lighters, ballpoint pens, magnets, shaving razors, paper products, and watersports products. The company was created by Baron Marcel Bich in 1945.
The first product that the company made was the Bic pen, known as the Bic Cristal. In 1958, the company went public through a reverse merger with the Waterman Pen Company in the United States and they later sold off the older operation.
References
Other websites
Official website
1945 establishments in France
Manufacturing companies of France
Hauts-de-Seine
Ludeca of Mercia

Ludeca (+ 827) was a Mercian nobleman and ealdorman. At the death of Beornwulf in 826 he became the King of Mercia. He ruled what was left of Mercia after Beornwulf's defeat by Egbert of Wessex at the Battle of Ellandun. He ruled Mercia until his own death, barely a year later.
King of Mercia
In 824 two charters of King Beornwulf are witnessed by Ludeca, then a member of his court. His title on those charters is . Nothing else is known of Ludeca. At Beornwulf's death he became king. But the kingdom Ludeca now ruled was just Mercia, Lindsey, Middle Anglia and the Mercian provinces of the Hwicce and Magonsaete. All of southern England was in disorder. Egbert of Wessex now had control of Essex and Kent. He had instigated the revolt by the East Anglians that resulted in Beornwulf's death. The East Anglians saw this as a chance for their independence from Mercia. A few months later Ludeca led his army against them but he was killed. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 825 (actual year 827) recorded: "In this year Ludecan, king of the Mercians, was slain, and his five aldormen [ealdormen] with him, and Wiglaf succeeded to the kingdom."
Notes
References
Other websites
The Kings of Mercia
Year of birth unknown
820s deaths
Kings and Queens of Mercia
Professional Game Match Officials Limited

Professional Game Match Officials Limited (PGMOL) is the body responsible for match officials in English professional football.
Formerly known as the Professional Game Match Officials Board (PGMOB), it was formed when English referees became professional in 2001, to provide Officials for all games played in the Premier League, English Football League (EFL) and Football Association competitions. The organisation is funded by the Premier League, EFL and the FA.
The governing body has a senior refereeing group called Select Group.
Staff
Evaluation
The Select Group referees meet twice per month for training sessions and analysis of match videos and data.
Controversy
In September 2016, Mark Halsey, a former member and a referee, claimed that PGMOL asked him to cover up the truth in match reports. PGMOL denied the claim, and no further action was taken.
References
Sports governing bodies in the United Kingdom
Sports organisations of England
HMS Endeavour

HMS Endeavour, also known as HM Bark Endeavour, was a British Royal Navy ship commanded by Lieutenant James Cook on his first voyage of discovery to Australia and New Zealand from 1769 to 1771.
The ship was launched in 1764 as the coal carrying ship Earl of Pembroke. She was bought by the Navy in 1768 for a scientific mission to the Pacific Ocean. She was also to search for the unknown southern land, Terra Australis Incognita. Renamed as His Majesty's Bark the Endeavour, she left Plymouth in August 1768. After sailing around Cape Horn she reached Tahiti to see the 1769 transit of Venus across the Sun. She then set sail into the largely uncharted ocean to the south, stopping at the Pacific islands of Huahine, Borabora, and Raiatea which Cook claimed for Great Britain. In September 1769, she anchored off New Zealand, the first European vessel to reach the islands since Abel Tasman's Heemskerck 127 years earlier. In April 1770, Endeavour became the first ship to reach the east coast of Australia, when Cook went ashore at what is now known as Botany Bay.
Endeavour then sailed north along the Australian coast. She ran into the Great Barrier Reef near Cape Tribulation. The crew were able to get the ship onto a beach on the mainland. This is now the site of the town of Cooktown. They stayed for seven weeks so that basic repairs could be made to her hull. On 10 October 1770, she limped into port in Batavia in the Dutch East Indies for more substantial repairs. She left on 26 December, rounded the Cape of Good Hope on 13 March 1771, and reached the English port of Dover on 12 July, having been at sea for nearly three years.
The Endeavour spent the next three years shipping Navy stores to the Falkland Islands. She was renamed and sold in 1775, but was used as a troop transport during the American Revolutionary War. She sank in a blockade of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island in 1778. Her wreck has not been found, but relics, including six of her cannons and an anchor, are displayed at maritime museums worldwide. A full size working copy of Endeavour was launched in 1994 and is berthed alongside the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney Harbour.
References
Other websites
Exploration of Australia
British warships
Pete Babando

Peter Joseph Babando (May 10, 1925 - February 19, 2020) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He played as a left winger. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers. In 1950, he won the Stanley Cup with the Detroit Red Wings.
Babando was born in Lower Burrell, Pennsylvania, United States and grew up in Ontario. He died in Timmins, Ontario on February 19, 2020, at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
1925 births
2020 deaths
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
New York Rangers players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Stanley Cup champions
Luigi Snozzi

Luigi Snozzi (29 July 1932 - 29 December 2020) was a Swiss architect. He was born in Mendrisio, Ticino. From 1962 to 1971, Snozzi worked with architect Livio Vacchini.
From 1982 to 1984, he was a Visiting Professor and in 1985 he was appointed Professor of Architecture at Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne. Snozzi was a professor of the University of Sassari, at the Faculty of Architecture of Alghero, Sardinia.
Snozzi died in Minusio, Switzerland on 29 December 2020 from COVID-19, at the age of 88.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Swiss businesspeople
Swiss academics
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland
Swiss architects
Fraser Stoddart

Sir James Fraser Stoddart (born 24 May 1942) is a British chemist. He is Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry and head of the Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group in the Department of Chemistry at Northwestern University in the United States. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Ben Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines. He was born in Edinburgh.
References
1942 births
Living people
Scottish chemists
Scientists from Edinburgh
Cabra, Spain

Cabra is a town in Cordoba province, Andalusia, Spain. About 20,940 lived here in 2005.
References
Towns in Spain
Municipalities in Andalusia
Robert A. Roe

Robert A. "Bob" Roe (February 28, 1924 - July 15, 2014) was an American Democratic Party politician. He represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives for over twenty-three years. He served from November 4, 1969 to January 3, 1993. He was also Mayor of Wayne, New Jersey.
Roe died at the age of 90 on July 15, 2014.
References
1924 births
2014 deaths
American mayors
United States representatives from New Jersey
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Kensington, New Hampshire

Kensington is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, 2,124 people lived there.
Other websites
Town of Kensington official website
Towns in New Hampshire
1737 establishments
La Chevrolière

La Chevroliere is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
References
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Hollywood Pictures

Hollywood Pictures was one of Walt Disney Studios movie companies. It makes movies for a more adult audience than Walt Disney Pictures. It is similar to Disney's Touchstone Pictures brand. The studio was launched in 1989, but was closed in 2007.
List of films released by Hollywood Pictures
1990s
2000s
The Walt Disney Company
Defunct companies
American movie studios
Outlaws of the Rockies

Outlaws of the Rockies is a 1945 American western movie directed by Ray Nazarro and starring Charles Starrett, Tex Harding, Dub Taylor, Carole Mathews, Carolina Cotton, Spade Cooley. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Other websites
1945 movies
1940s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies directed by Ray Nazarro
Operating theater

An operating theater is a place within a hospital where surgeons do operations in a germ-free environment. It is referred as "theater" because earlier there would be seats for medical students and spectators to watch the activity of the surgeons.
Hospitals
Michael Anderson

Michael Joseph Anderson, Sr. (30 January 1920 - 25 April 2018) was a British movie director. He was best known for directing The Dam Busters (1955), Around the World in 80 Days (1956) and Logan's Run (1976). He was the step-grandfather of Laurie Holden.
Anderson died at his home in Vancouver, British Columbia on 25 April 2018 at the age of 98.
References
Other websites
Michael Anderson biography at BFI Screenonline
1920 births
2018 deaths
British television directors
Movie directors from London
Grandview, Washington

Grandview is a city in the state of Washington in the United States. The population of the city was 8,377 at the 2000 census.
History
Grandview was incorporated on September 21, 1909. It began as the midway point on the rail line between Prosser and Sunnyside.
Geography
Grandview is located at (46.253670, -119.910133).
It has a total area of 5.4 square miles (14.0 km2). The whole of it is land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,377 people, 2,431 houses, and 1,956 families in the city. The density was 1,552.3 people per square mile. There were 51.12% White, 0.58% African American, 0.94% Native American, 0.94% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 43.27% from other races, and 3.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 68.04% of the population.
There were 2,431 households out of which 49.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 60.0% were married couples living together. 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present. 19.5% were non-families. 16.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.40 and the average family size was 3.80.
In the city the population was spread out with 36.2% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The average age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.
The average income for a household in the city was $32,588, and the average income for a family was $36,165. Males had a median income of $29,321 versus $21,959 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,489. About 16.0% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 17.6% of those age 65 or over.
Cities in Washington (state)
Yakima County, Washington
1909 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Washington (state)
Clay County, South Dakota

Clay County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 14,967 people lived there. Its county seat is Vermillion.
References
1862 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Province of Ávila

Avila Province () is a province of central-western Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile and Leon. It is bordered on the south by the provinces of Toledo and Caceres, on the west by Salamanca, on the north by Valladolid, and on the east by Segovia and Madrid. Avila has a population of 165,138 (2002). Its capital is Avila.
Provinces of Spain
Castile and Leon
Kerima (actress)

Kerima (born February 10, 1925) is a French movie actress. She was best known for her role in Outcast of the Islands.
She was born in Toulouse, France to French parents. She studied medicine before finding success in acting.
Kermia was active in movies throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, working with Italian and American directors including Joseph Mankiewicz and Howard Hawks. Her last known work were minor parts in 1972, the last being a bellydancer in one episode of The Adventurer, a British TV series.
References
1925 births
French movie actors
Don Criqui

Don Criqui (born May 5, 1940 in Buffalo, New York) is an American sportscaster. He currently works for CBS Sports. He is most famous for calling Tom Dempsey's 63 yard field goal.
Criqui's duties include occasional television coverage of National Football League games, women's and men's college basketball, occasional college football and radio play-by-play of ISP Sports' coverage of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football. Since 1995, he has been the voice of the New England Patriots pre-season football with Randy Cross.
He also worked for NBC Sports calling the CFL, NFL, college football, college basketball, tennis, golf, the Olympics, and NHL games
References
1940 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Buffalo, New York
College basketball broadcasters
Motorsports broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
College football broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
Tennis broadcasters
Olympic Games broadcasters
National Hockey League broadcasters
Golf broadcasters
Auburn, Massachusetts

Auburn is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Exxon Valdez oil spill

The Exxon Valdez oil spill was a shipping accident that happened off the coast of the United States on March 24, 1989. An oil tanker, the Exxon Valdez, hit a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. At the time of the disaster, the ship carried 53,094,510 U.S. gallons (44,210,430 imp gal/200,984,600 L) of crude oil. The accident caused a massive oil spill: 10.8 million U.S. gallons (9.0 million imp gal/41 million L) were spilled into the Prince William Sound. It was one of the worst man-made environmental disasters in the history of the United States.
The ship had left the shipping lanes because of icebergs. The ship never returned to the shipping lane and hit Bligh Reef at around 12:04 AM. Later, people looked at the causes, and found that the people on board were badly trained and overworked. What made things worse was the fact that the government was not prepared to handle a disaster with such large consequences for the environment. This disaster badly damaged the ecosystems of the area. An estimated 21,300 fish died after being poisoned by the crude oil. The birds that ate the fish got sick.
Some of the methods tried to clean up the oil were: burning, mechanical cleaning, and chemical dispersants.
References
1989 disasters
1989 in the United States
20th century in Alaska
Transport disasters in the United States
Kasur District

Kasur District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Kasur is the capital.
Tehsils
Chunian Tehsil
Kasur Tehsil
Pattoki Tehsil
Kot Radha Kishen Tehsil
Lahore Division
Sweet William

Sweet William a Eurasian pink widely grown for its clusters of small bright-coloured flowers. Biennial to perennial plant belonging to the pink family, native to southern Europe. It is grown for its fragrant red, white, and pink flowers.
Georg Friedrich Handel composed "See the Conquering Hero Comes" in honour of the victorious Duke of Cumberland. The flower sweet William was named after the latter in England.
Web sites
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dianthus
sweet William, or bunch pink, or Dianthus barbatus, or sour Billy, or stinking Willie (plant)
Flora of China
Flora of the British Isles
Caryophyllaceae
Mascot

A mascot is any person, animal, or object thought to bring luck, or anything used to symbolize a group. Many schools and sports teams have a mascot, and so do some corporations or products. For example, the mascot of the Sacramento Kings is a lion, and the mascot of Geico is a gecko.
Mascots can be used as spokespeople in advertising for products. They are also used in merchandise, which can be any kind of product that features the brand or can represent the mascot itself.
Other websites
B2 (classification)

B2 is a group to allow athletes with different vision to compete against each other in sports.
Definition
B2 is a group to allow athletes with different vision to compete against each other in sports. The International Blind Sports Association (IBSA) says B2 athletes are: "From ability to recognise the shape of a hand to a visual acuity of 2/60 and/or visual field of less than 5 degrees." The Canadian Paralympic Committee says B2 athletes havve "Up to approximately 3-5% functional vision." B2 is used in other sports than sports run by the IBSA. Other sports using B2 are blind golf. Blind golf rules say B2 golfers include "From ability to recognise the shape of a hand up to visual acuity of 2/60 or visual field of less than 5 degrees".
B2 is equal to other disability classifications for other sports. In adaptive rowing, the similar B2 class is LTA-B2. In horse riding, Grade 4 is the similar group to B2. For swimming, the similar disability group for B2 is S12.
History
B2 has its history in the early history of blind sports. When blind people first started competing, people believed people who had better vision could unfairly compete against people with worse vision. Different groups around vision problem were developed by the IBSA to make playing sport more fair for people with different levels of blindness.
The IBSA B2 is mostly the same since it was created, even as the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) changed methods to allow people to fairly compete against each other based on functional ability.
Equipment
Equipment used by B2 sportspeople may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clap sticks. The use of a sighted guide by B2 athletes depends on the sport. For blind archery, B2 sportspeople use a sighting device based on the sense of touch and must not be able to see well enough to use a bowsight.
References
Shinichi Tomii

Shinichi Tomii is a modern pentathlete from Japan. Shinichi competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was born on September 1, 1980.
References
Other websites
1980 births
Living people
Japanese modern pentathletes
Japanese Olympians
Sportspeople from Aichi Prefecture
National Assembly of Belarus

The National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus is the parliament of Belarus. The two parts of the National Assembly are:
Council of the Republic- The upper house
House of Representatives- The lower house
The houses meet every year. The first session starts October 2. It cannot be more than 80 days. The second session starts April 2. It does not last more than 90 days. Sometimes the President can have them meet a third time.
Council of the Republic
The Council of the Republic is the upper house. It has 64 members. The members are based geographically. Eight members of the Council are picked by the President of Belarus. The remaining members are elected by secret vote: eight members of the Council are elected from each of the country's regions and Minsk City. Members must aged 30 and more and live in the region they are elected from for at least five years.
Speakers of the Council of the Republic
Pavel Shipuk January 13, 1997-December 19, 2000
Alyaksandr Vaytovich December 19, 2000-July 28, 2003
Henadz Navitski July 28, 2003-October 31, 2008
Boris Batura October 31, 2008-May 20, 2010
Anatoli Rubinov May 24, 2010-Present
House of Representatives
The House of Representatives is the lower house. It has 110 deputies. Any citizen of 21 years is eligible for election.
Speakers of the House of Representatives
References
Belarus
Belarus
Government of Belarus
Bad Life (Public Image Ltd song)

"Bad Life" is a 1984 song by English alternative rock band Public Image Ltd. It was taken from their fourth studio album This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get and went to number 71 in the United Kingdom.
Track listing
7" vinyl
"Bad Life" - 3:50
"Question Mark" - 4:14
12" vinyl
"Bad Life" - 5:15
"Question Mark" - 4:14
References
1984 songs
Alternative dance songs
Public Image Ltd songs
Avenue I station

Avenue I is a local station on the IND Culver Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Avenue I and McDonald Avenue in Midwood, Brooklyn, it is served by the F train at all times and the <F> train during rush hours in the peak direction.
References
New York City Subway stations
Naoto Ohshima

is a Japanese video game designer. At one time, he worked for Sega. Oshima designed and created the characters for Sonic the Hedgehog and Dr. Eggman. Yuji Naka and Hirokazu Yasuhara are often given credit for his work on the Sonic series because of their close association with the Sonic name. Oshima became well known at Sega's Sonic Team for creating characters and playing an important part in the development of games like Phantasy Star, Sonic CD, Nights into Dreams..., and Sonic Adventure.
After he left Sonic Team, he created his own game company called Artoon. Since then, he left from the position of president in the company and was replaced by Yutaka Sugano. From there he went on to work on games like Pinobee and Blinx: The Time Sweeper, and in 2004, the sequel to Blinx, Blinx 2: Masters of Time & Space. In 2010, Artoon was turned into AQ Interactive. In 2010, he and other main members of Artoon left to create Arzest. He was given a "Special Thanks in the game Sonic Generations.
References
Japanese video game designers
1964 births
Living people
Sega people
Continuum (theory)

A continuum is when a change happens over time or an area without being interrupted.
Space-time is when space and time are said to be part of the same continuum instead of two different continuums.
A dialect continuum is a group of language dialects that change over an area. In a dialect continuum, two dialects are more different when they are farther away from each other.
Related pages
Continuum (mathematics)
Philosophy of science
Karina Lombard

Karina Lombard (born 21 January 1969) is a French-American actress who acts primarily in independent movies. She played Antoinette Cosway in the 1993 movie Wide Sargasso Sea and Isabel Two in Legends of the Fall the following year. Lombard was born in Tahiti, French Polynesia, though is a naturalized United States citizen.
American movie actors
1969 births
Living people
French Polynesia
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Racially-motivated violence

Racially-motivated violence (or ethnic violence) is a form of violence which is caused by the dislike of people from one ethnic group towards people of another ethnic group. Xenophobia often also plays a role. If the question is about grouping many similar events, people also talk about ethnic conflict. It is important to make a difference between ethnic violence, which is violence motivated by an ethnic division, from violence that just happens to break out between groups of different ethnicity motivated by other factors (political or ideological).
References
Las Terrenas

Las Terrenas is a Dominican municipality in the Samana province, on the north coast of the peninsula of Samana.
Name
The name Las Terrenas comes from the French La terrienne (the "lady that owns land").
Population
The municipality had, in , a total population of 18,829: 9,776 men and 9,053 women. The urban population was of the total population.
Geography
Las Terrenas has a total area of , about of the total area of the province of Samana. The city is an elevation of above sea level, and at to the northwest of Samana.
Las Terrenas does not have any municipal district.
The municipality of Las Terrenas has the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the municipality of Sanchez to the west and south, and the municipality of Samana to the east.
Economy
The main economic activities of the municipality are the same as the province: tourism, agriculture and fishing.
References
Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1996 establishments in North America
1990s establishments in the Dominican Republic
Columbia, Maryland

Columbia is a census-designated place in Howard County, Maryland, United States.
References
Census-designated places in Maryland
Daniel Lévi

Daniel Levi (26 August 1961 - 6 August 2022) was a French singer-songwriter, composer, and pianist. He was born in Constantine, French Algeria. His career began in 1983. He was known for his 2000 single "L'envie d'aimer".
Levi died of colon cancer in Bouches-du-Rhone, France at the age of 60.
References
Other websites
Official site
Forum about Daniel Levi
1961 births
2022 deaths
French singer-songwriters
21st-century French composers
French pianists
20th-century French composers
Stafford County, Virginia

Stafford County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 156,927 people lived there. Its county seat is Stafford.
References
Virginia counties
Iowa Colony, Texas

Iowa Colony is a city in Brazoria County, Texas, United States.
Cities in Texas
C.A. Bella Vista

C.A. Bella Vista is a football club which plays in Uruguay.
References
Uruguayan football clubs
Montevideo
1920 establishments in South America
Disney Junior (Portuguese TV channel)

Disney Junior is a Portuguese pay television channel.
Television channels in Europe
Pond-apple

A pond-apple is a type of fruit. It is not related to the apple. They usually live near or in water.
Annona
Fruits
A.S.D. La Biellese

A.S.D. Junior Biellese Libertas is a football club which plays to Biella in Italy.
The club in season 2010-11, in Promozione is promoted in Eccellenza Piemonte.
The colors of the team are black and white.
References
Italian football clubs
Piedmont
1902 establishments in Italy
Dan Sullivan

Daniel Scott "Dan" Sullivan (born November 13, 1964) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He became the junior United States Senator from Alaska in January 2015.
References
Other websites
Senator Dan Sullivan official U.S. Senate site
Dan Sullivan for Senate
1964 births
Living people
American Roman Catholics
Colonels
Harvard University alumni
Military people from Ohio
Businesspeople from Anchorage, Alaska
Businesspeople from Ohio
Politicians from Ohio
United States senators from Alaska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Anchorage, Alaska
Masala (movie genre)

Masala (; ) is a word used in South East Asia, mainly India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is used for a style of Indian movies where there is a mix of various styles of movies in one movie. For example, a movie can show action, comedy, drama, and romance. This movie style is used very often in South Indian films as it helps make the movies appeal to more viewers. Famous masala directors include S. Shankar, Perarasu and K. S. Ravikumar.
Cinema of India
Cinema of Pakistan
Bangladeshi culture