pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cobalt

Cobalt (chemical symbol Co) is a chemical element. It has an atomic number of 27 and an atomic mass of about 59. It is a metal.
Properties
Cobalt is a transition metal. It is shiny and conducts electricity. It is magnetic. It is a hard metal. It is moderately reactive. Iron is more reactive and copper is less reactive. It dissolves slowly in acids. This reaction makes hydrogen and a salt of cobalt. Cobalt is normally in its +2 oxidation state as an ion. Some chemical compounds contain cobalt ions in its +4 oxidation state. Cobalt(II) chloride is one of the most common cobalt compounds. Many cobalt compounds are blue or pink. One of them is black.
Chemical compounds
Cobalt comes in two oxidation states, +2 and +3. Most soluble cobalt compounds are red. They can also be green, blue, brown, and black.
Cobalt(II) compounds
Cobalt(II) chloride, red solid, most common cobalt compound
Cobalt(II) fluoride, used in dentistry, red solid
Cobalt(II) hydroxide, red or green-blue solid
Cobalt(II) oxide, black solid
Cobalt(II) sulfate, reddish solid, used in pigments
Mixed oxidation state
Cobalt(II,III) oxide, black solid, oxidizing agent
Cobalt(III) compounds
Cobalt(III) fluoride, brown solid, strong oxidizing agent
Cobalt(III) oxide, black solid
Occurrence and preparation
Cobalt is too reactive to occur as a pure element in the earth. It is found in certain minerals. It is found with copper and nickel deposits. Normally the three metals are bonded to arsenic and sulfur. The majority of cobalt mining is in central Africa.
It is found as a byproduct (left over substance) when copper and nickel are produced. It is made by reaction with the sludge from copper and nickel processing.
Uses
Cobalt is used in some types of steel. It hardens the steel. It is also used to make very strong tough alloys. These alloys are known as superalloys. Some cobalt compounds are used in the lithium-ion battery. Cobalt compounds were used as an artificial food coloring until 1971. It was discovered that it has harmful effects. It is used to make glass blue. It is also used as a catalyst, and in some medicines, and for ink, pigments, dyes, and varnishes.
The human body needs small amounts of cobalt for certain vitamins. Cobalt compounds are used to stop cyanide from poisoning the body.
Safety
People need cobalt compounds in small amounts, but cobalt is toxic in large quantities. Sometimes cobalt compounds were added to beer, and people that drank it were poisoned. It can cause skin irritation when touched.
References
Transition metals
Tony DiCicco

Tony DiCicco (August 5, 1948 - June 19, 2017) was an American soccer player and coach and TV commentator. He was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut.
DiCicco was best known as the coach of the United States women's national soccer team from 1994 to 1999, during which time the team won an Olympic gold medal in 1996 and the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. He was also coach of the USA team that won the 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.
DiCicco died on June 19, 2017 from cancer at his home in Wethersfield, Connecticut, aged 68.
References
Other websites
U.S. Soccer player bio
Soccertimes.com profile
Soccerplus.com profile
Linkedin.com public profile
Tony DiCicco, U.S. Women's National Soccer Coach, World Cup Champion - amherst.edu
1948 births
2017 deaths
Cancer deaths in Connecticut
Sportspeople from Connecticut
Paul McShane

Paul McShane (born 6 January 1986) is an Irish football player. He plays for Hull City and Republic of Ireland national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|2004/05||Manchester United||Premier League||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2004/05||Walsall||League One||4||1||0||0||0||0||4||1
|-
|2005/06||Brighton & Hove Albion||League Championship||38||4||1||0||1||0||40||4
|-
|2006/07||West Bromwich Albion||League Championship||35||2||4||1||3||0||42||3
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Sunderland||rowspan="2"|Premier League||21||0||1||0||0||0||22||0
|-
|2008/09||3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Hull City||rowspan="2"|Premier League||17||1||2||0||0||0||19||1
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
118||8||8||1||4||0||130||9
118||8||8||1||4||0||130||9
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||7||0
|-
|2008||5||0
|-
|2009||6||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||20||0
|}
References
1986 births
Living people
Irish footballers
People from County Wicklow
Charlotte's Web (2006 movie)

Charlotte's Web is a 2006 live-action/animated movie based on author E. B. White's book with the same name, released by Paramount Pictures with Walden Media, Kerner Entertainment Company, and Nickelodeon Movies on December 15, 2006. It stars Dakota Fanning as Fern and the voice of Julia Roberts as Charlotte and comes after an animated version from 1973.
The story
Wilbur is the pet piglet of a young girl named Fern Arable. Unfortunately, when he grows into an adult pig, Fern is forced to take him to the Zuckerman farm, where he will be made into food after a short time.
Charlotte A. Cavatica, a spider, lives in the space above Wilbur's sty in the Zuckermans' barn, she makes friends with Wilbur and chooses to help stop him being eaten. With the help of the other barn animals, including a rat named Templeton, she convinces the Zuckerman family that Wilbur is special by spelling out such descriptions as "Some Pig" in her web.
References
Other websites
Official website
Official website at Nick.com
Official website at Walden Media
2006 movies
American family movies
Movies about spiders
Movies based on books
Northern Illinois University

Northern Illinois University is a public university in DeKalb, Illinois. The university has about 25,313 students. It was founded in 1895. The current president of the university is John G. Peters. On February 14, 2008, a gunman named Steven Kazmierczak shot and killed 6 people (including himself) as well as injured 21 people on the university campus which made it the fourth-deadliest university shooting in United States history.
Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Huskies. They have 17 varsity teams and they compete in the Mid-American Conference.
Other websites
Northern Illinois University's Official website
Northern Illinois Huskies' Official athletics website
Mid-American Conference
Colleges and universities in Illinois
1895 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in Illinois
Liquor store

Liquor stores are retail shops which sell prepackaged alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, and spirits. Each country had different laws and regulations on liquor stores.
Liquor stores, like grocery stores, are essential businesses, meaning that they remained open during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reason they are essential businesses is because people who have alcohol use disorder consume alcohol to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
References
Alcoholic drinks
Shops
Light beer

Light beer is the name for beer that either has less alcohol, or fewer calories than regular beer. Light beer with less alcohol is made in a special process, either the fermentation is stopped, or the alcohol is later extracted. This is similar to making alcohol-free beer. Light beers are sometimes criticised, because some of them have "less taste" than regular beers. Light beers contain up to 30% less alcohol than regular beers. Regular beer contains between 4 and 6 percent alcohol by volume, light beer usually contains 2-3%.
Large-scale production of light beers in the United States started in the mid-1970s. The first brewery to sell light beer was Coors Brewing Company, who sold Coors Light in the 1940s, during World War II.
Beer with less alcohol is very popular in the United States.
Beer
Abdulkadir Kure

Abdulkadir Kure (26 February 1956 - 8 January 2017) was a Nigerian politician. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). He served as Governor of Niger State from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007.
Kure was born in Lapai, Niger State. He was married to Zainab Abdulkadir Kure. They had two daughters and four sons.
Kure died on 8 January 2017 in Germany at the age of 60.
References
1956 births
2017 deaths
Governors
Nigerian politicians
Niger State
Polar bond

In chemistry, a polar bond is a type of covalent bond between two or more dissimilar atoms, in which electrons are shared unequally. A covalent bond is the "strong" kind of bond that makes a molecule.
Electrons are negatively charged. If the two atoms share the electrons equally, then the negative charge is evenly spread out over the entire molecule, balanced out by the positive charges of the protons in the atoms' nuclei. This makes the entire molecule neutral - a non-polar bond, making a non-polar molecule. However, if one of the atoms is particularly greedy for electrons (called electronegativity), then its side of the bond will have more electrons. Therefore, that side of the bond will have a slightly negative charge, and the other side will have a slightly positive charge.
This is important because it turns the bond into an electrical dipole. This dipole acts like a magnet, if other bonds that work as dipoles are nearby, it will react to them.
In some molecules, these polar bonds are lined up with each other. Then the entire molecule is a dipole, and attracts other dipoles. Water does this. You can see in the image that the hydrogen (small and white) is positively charged and the oxygen (big and red) is negatively charged. This picture shows how the little water dipoles line up with each other, in the same way that if you toss a bunch of little magnets into a box, they will line up with each other.
This is one of the most basic and important differences between bonds (and the resulting molecules) in chemistry. This can be easily predicted (because the electronegativity of all the atoms in the periodic table is known). It creates an enormous difference in how the molecules behave.
When the difference in electron negativity between the 2 atoms Is more in covalent bond the more electron negativity, atom acquire partial negativity charge and other atom acqiure partial positive charge.
Related pages
Covalent bond
Electronegativity
References
Chemical bonding
Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts

Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts Bt VC KG KP GCB OM GCSI GCIE KStJ PC (30 September 1832 - 14 November 1914) was one of the most distinguished commanders of the British Empire.
Roberts was Indian born, in Cawnpore (now Kanpur) Uttar Pradesh. The son of a general from County Waterford in Ireland, he regarded himself as Anglo-Irish.
Career
He served in the Indian rebellion, the Expedition to Abyssinia and the Second Anglo-Afghan War before leading British Forces to success in the Second Boer War. He also became the last Commander-in-Chief of the Forces before the post was abolished in 1904.
Roberts was awarded the Victoria Cross for actions on 2 January 1858 at Khudaganj. The citation reads:
"Lieutenant Roberts' gallantry has on every occasion been most marked".
Warning about Germany
In an important speech in Manchester on 22 October 1912 Roberts warned of the threat posed by Germany:
In the year 1912, just as in 1866 and just as in 1870, war will take place the instant the German forces by land and sea are, by their superiority at every point, as certain of victory as anything in human calculation can be made certain...We may stand still. Germany always advances and the direction of her advance, the line along which she is moving, is now most manifest. It is towards...complete supremacy by land and sea.
He claimed that Germany was making enormous efforts to prepare for war and ended his speech by saying:
Gentlemen, I say, "Arm and prepare to acquit yourselves like men, for the day of your ordeal is at hand".
This speech was much criticised in the liberal and radical press, such as the Manchester Guardian. Much later, a historian said: "At this distance of time the verdict upon Lord Robert's Manchester speech must be that, in speaking out clearly on the probability of war, he was doing a patriotic service comparable to Churchill's during the Thirties".
Death
Roberts died on November 14, 1914. He died of pneumonia. He got sick when he was visiting British troops. Few non-royal people in four centuries have been given a State Funeral in the United Kingdom. Roberts was one of them.
Son a VC also
Robert's son, Frederick Hugh Sherston Roberts, died in 1899 in the second Boar War, and received the VC. They were one of only three father and son pairs to receive the Victoria Cross.
References
1832 births
1914 deaths
British Army generals
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights of the Garter
Knights of the Order of St John
Order of Merit
Order of the Indian Empire
People of the Boer Wars
Victoria Cross winners
Hail Grenada

"Hail Grenada" is the national anthem of Grenada.
Lyrics
Related pages
Grenada National State Anthem
References
Grenada
North American anthems
Dendropsophus

Dendropsophus is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. They live in Central and South America, from southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Uruguay. They are sometimes called Fitzinger neotropical treefrogs or yellow treefrogs
For a while, scientists decided not to use this genus. In 2005, they started using it again after a large revision of the family Hylidae. Some of the frogs that had been in Hyla were moved to Dendropsophus if they had 30 chromosomes.
Species
Dendropsophus has these species in it:
References
Other websites
[web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Dendropsophus. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: Apr 28, 2008).
Central America
Frogs of South America
Frogs of North America
Kazuki Hiramoto

is a Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||6||1||3||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||10||2
|-
|2000||9||1||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||11||1
|-
|2001||rowspan="7"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||7||0||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|2002||25||2||1||0||4||2||colspan="2"|-||30||4
|-
|2003||28||5||1||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||35||5
|-
|2004||25||6||5||3||6||2||colspan="2"|-||36||11
|-
|2005||26||6||0||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||31||7
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||40||15||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||42||15
|-
|2007||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2007||Yokohama||J. League 1||14||3||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||3
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||23||2||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||25||2
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||30||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||30||5
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
236||46||15||4||27||5||1||0||264||52
236||46||15||4||27||5||1||0||264||52
|}
References
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
FC Machida Zelvia players
Pleșoi

Plesoi is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania. It has 3,800 people. There are four villages: Carstovani, Frasin, Milovan and Plesoi.
Communes in Dolj County
Charminar

The Charminar is a monument and mosque in Hyderabad, India. The structure was built in 1591 AD. It is the most famous building of Hyderabad and also one of the most famous buildings in India. It was built by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shahi to celebrate the end of a deadly plague. The Charminar lies near the bank of the river Musi. It is close to Laad Bazaar and Makkah Masjid. Charminar is taken from two words Char and Minar which translate as Four Towers in English.
Some people say that Charminar was the first structure to be constructed in the newly built city of Hyderabad. It is said that Quli Qutab Shah prayed for the end of the plague and vowed to build a mosque if it was eradicated. Mir Momin Astarabadi, the prime minister of Qutb Shah played an important role in the design and layout of Charminar and the city of Hyderabad. The structure is of Indo-Islamic architecture with some Persian elements.
References
Hyderabad, India
Mosques in India
1591 establishments
16th-century buildings and structures
Elwood, Utah

Elwood is a town in Box Elder County, Utah, United States.
Towns in Utah
Religious belief

A religious belief is a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny. Religious beliefs often are about the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe and involve devotion, ritual practices and rules which must be followed.
Religion
Moore's Island

Moore's Island is one of the districts of the Bahamas. It is on the Abaco Islands.
Moore's Island is one of the little cays off the main land of Abaco. It is about long and wide. It is about from Abaco. It has two towns. Hard Bargain is the capital and the other town is the Bight.
Districts of the Bahamas
Islands of the Bahamas
Dick Bertell

Dick Bertell (21 November 1935 - 20 December 1999) was a Major League Baseball player for the Chicago Cubs and the San Francisco Giants. He was a catcher. He was in the 1962 all-star game.
1935 births
1999 deaths
Chicago Cubs players
San Francisco Giants players
Austria at the Olympics

Austria has been at most of the Olympic Games.
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Austria is AUT.
History
The Austrian team missed the 1920 Summer Olympics due to its role in World War I. The nation has twice hosted the Games in Innsbruck for the 1964 Winter Olympics and again for the 1976 Winter Olympics.
Austrian athletes have won a total of 86 medals at the Summer Olympic Games. They have 185 medals at the Winter Olympic Games. Austria has won more medals in alpine skiing than any other nation.
The National Olympic Committee for Austria is the Osterreichisches Olympisches Comite. It was formed in 1908 and recognized in 1912.
Medal tables
Medals by Summer Games
Medals by Winter Games
Medals by summer sport
Medals by winter sport
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
References
Other websites
Austria profile at London2012.com
Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Austria
National sports teams of Austria
Dianetics

Dianetics is an alternative mental health therapy created by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard, who published a book about it in 1950 with the title "Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health". It is about the way people think. Hubbard also started the religion of Scientology, which uses Dianetics.
The photo at the right shows a person learning about Dianetics by doing a stress test. The idea of the stress test is to show people something in their own minds.
Most psychologists think that Dianetics is a pseudoscience. That means that it is not really a science, and it only looks like one.
Scientology
Vladica Popović

Vladimir "Vladica" Popovic (; 17 March 1935 - 10 August 2020) was a Serbian footballer and manager. He won the Intercontinental Cup with Red Star Belgrade in 1991. He played for the Yugoslavia national football team from 1956 to 1965.
Popovic died in Belgrade on 10 August 2020, aged 85.
References
1935 births
2020 deaths
Serbian footballers
Serbian football managers
Hel (goddess)

Hel is a goddess of Norse mythology. Her father is Loki, and her mother is Angrboda, a giantess. Her siblings are Jormungandr and Fenrir. Her task is to reign over the realm of the dead, also called Hel or Neifelheim, where the dead peacefully go to in the afterlife to wait until Ragnarok, the end of the gods and Asgard. The people who go there are those who did not die in battle, but instead died a peaceful death. She watches over those who die, but are not chosen by the Valkyries to go to Valhalla or chosen by Freyja to enter her household.
Hel is half dead and half alive due to complications of her father and her mother. Half of her face is beautiful, like that of her father, while the other half is ugly and difficult to look at like her mother. From the waist up the skin is pink, alive and healthy. Below the waist is dead and rotting. This is the personification of the belief that death can be a good thing or a tragedy. Hel's underworld is not the Christian hell of eternal punishment for all, but a world of rewards or punishment for each as earned in life.
Norse gods and goddesses
Afterlife
Gods and goddesses of the underworld
Roberta Peters

Roberta Peters (May 4, 1930 - January 18, 2017) is an American soprano. She had a long and successful career at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. She was particularly associated with light coloratura roles in Italian, French and German operas.
Life and career
Born Roberta Peterman in New York City, she began vocal study at the age of 13 with William Herman, encouraged by tenor Jan Peerce, a family friend.
She made her unscheduled debut (as an emergency replacement) at the Metropolitan Opera, on November 17, 1950, as Zerlina in Don Giovanni, aged only 20 and having no previous stage experience. The success was immediate. Her well schooled voice, good looks and charming personality quickly made her a great favorite of this theatre where she was to sing regularly for 35 seasons.
Some of her most performed roles include; Susanna (Le nozze di Figaro), Despina (Cosi fan tutte), The Queen of the Night (The Magic Flute), Rosina (Il barbiere di Siviglia), Adina (L'elisir d'amore), Norina (Don Pasquale), Lucia (Lucia di Lammermoor), Gilda (Rigoletto), Oscar (Un ballo in maschera), Nanetta (Falstaff), Olympia (Les contes d'Hoffmann), Sophie (Der Rosenkavalier), Zerbinetta (Ariadne auf Naxos), etc.
She also appeared abroad, notably at the Royal Opera House in London in 1951, as Arline in The Bohemian Girl, and later appeared at the Vienna State Opera, the Salzburg Festival, the Bolshoi in Moscow. She also made several appearances on television, notably on The Ed Sullivan Show.
Roberta Peters retired from the stage in 1985, but continued to give recital until recent years. She was briefly married to baritone Robert Merrill.
Peters died from Parkinson's disease on January 18, 2017 in Rye, New York. She was 86.
References
The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987.
1930 births
2017 deaths
American opera singers
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in New York (state)
Singers from New York City
Sopranos
ChuChu TV

ChuChu TV is an Indian network of YouTube channels that makes edutainment content for children.
References
2013 establishments in India
YouTube
2010s music groups
Halbe Zijlstra

Halbe Zijlstra (born January 21, 1969 in Oosterwolde, Friesland) is a former Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).
Early life and education
He studied marketing at Hanze University of Applied Sciences, and sociology at the University of Groningen.
Career
He was on the city council of Utrecht. From 2006 to 2010 he was a member of the Second Chamber. He held the position of Deputy Minister of Education, Culture and Science in the First Rutte cabinet from 2010 to 2012. Then he was his party's parliamentary leader from 2012 to 2017. His highest political position was as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Third Rutte cabinet beginning on October 26, 2017.
On February 13, 2018, Halbe Zijlstra resigned after he had lied about attending meetings with Russian president Vladimir Putin.
Personal life
Halbe Zijlstra is married with one child.
References
Other websites
Bio at Parlement.com
1969 births
Living people
Deputy government ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch councillors
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from Friesland
Frontignan

Frontignan is a commune in the Herault department in the southern part of France.
Communes in Herault
Ankara

Ankara is the capital city of the country of Turkey. It is in the center of Anatolia. Ankara is the second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a population of 4,319,167 (2005) (Province 5,153,000), and an elevation of 938 meters (3080 feet). It was formerly known as Enguru the city is also the capital of Ankara Province
Ankara is a very modern city. Ankara was made the capital of Turkey in 1923. Ankara is known for its performing arts, home to the State Opera and Ballet, the Presidential Symphony Orchestra and several national theater companies. In Ankara there's a place called Anitkabir, which is a big hilltop mausoleum that was built to celebrate Kemal Ataturk who was the first president.
History
Ankara is a city that has a lot of history. Ankara was invaded many times. In 546 BCE, Achaemenid Persians was in control of Ankara (approximated date). Ankara was then invaded by the Romans in 25 BCE. At the time, Ankara was controlled by Augustus. Ankara castle was captured by the Crusaders in 1101. Ankara castle was captured again by the Seljuks in 1227. Ankara was controlled again by the Ottomans in 1403. On October 13, 1923 Ankara became the capital of Turkey.
References
Sumba

Sumba is an island in Indonesia, and is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands. It has an area of 11,153 km2, and the population was at about 611,422 people as of the year 2005. There is a dry season from May to November and a rainy season from December to April. Historically, this island exported sandalwood.
Islands of Indonesia
Lesser Sunda Islands
Killer Instinct

Killer Instinct is a fighting game published by Nintendo. The game premiered on arcade in November 1994 and onto SNES the following year. Killer Instinct is strongly similar to Street Fighter, except that the characters for this game are different with far more sophistication.
1994 video games
COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Thailand on 13 January 2020, when the first case outside China was announced.
Cases
The first reported local transmission was confirmed on 31 January. The number of cases remained low throughout February, with forty confirmed by the end of the month. Cases had a sharp increase in mid-March. Confirmed cases rose to over a hundred per day over the following week, and public areas and businesses were ordered to close in Bangkok and several other provinces.
Response
Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha declared a state of emergency, beginning on 26 March. A curfew has been announced, beginning on 3 April 2020.
The Thai government's response to the outbreak was based on surveillance and tracing. Temperature and symptom screening for coronavirus testing was added at international airports, as well as at hospitals for patients with travel or contact history.
Ads were introduced focused on self-monitoring for at-risk groups, practicing hygiene (especially hand washing), and avoiding crowds (or wearing masks if not possible).
While residents returning from high-risk countries were encouraged to self-quarantine, travel restrictions were not announced until 5 March, when four countries were designated as "disease-infected zones".
Criticism
The government was criticized for its slow response to the crisis. In early February, in response to concerns over hoarding and price increase of face masks, the government issued price controls. The move failed to prevent shortages among hospitals, and became a scandal. Criticism was also for the slow response to end foreign travel.
Background
On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.
Unlike SARS of 2003, the case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.
References
2020s in Thailand
Thailand
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, which is pronounced "NYE-ad") is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services with a mission to conduct basic and applied research to better understand, treat, and prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases in the United States and world at large.
References
Medical and health organizations in the United States
Sei Muroya

is a Japanese football player. He plays for the Japan national team.
Biography
Muroya was born in Kumatori, Osaka on April 5, 1994. When he was a Meiji University student, he joined J1 League club FC Tokyo in 2016. He played many matches as right side back from the 2017 season. In August 2020, he moved to German 2. Bundesliga club Hannover.
In June 2011, Muroya was selected the Japan U-17 national team for 2011 U-17 World Cup and he played 4 matches. In 2016, he played for the Japan U-23 national team at 2016 AFC U-23 Championship. Japan won the champions and qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics. At 2016 Summer Olympics, he played all 3 matches as right side back. In November 2017, he was selected the Japan national team for 2017 E-1 Football Championship. At this tournament, he debuted against North Korea on December 9. In 2019, he also played at 2019 Asian Cup and Japan won the 2nd place.
Statistics
|-
|2016||rowspan="5"|FC Tokyo||rowspan="5"|J1 League||12||0||2||1||4||0||7||0||25||1
|-
|2017||26||0||0||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|-
|2018||30||1||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||34||1
|-
|2019||30||0||0||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||36||0
|-
|2020||10||1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||2||0||12||1
|-
|2016||rowspan="2"|FC Tokyo U-23||rowspan="2"|J3 League||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2017||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2020/21||Hannover||2. Bundesliga||||||||||||||||||||
113||2||5||1||17||0||9||0||144||3
||||||||||||||||||
113||2||5||1||17||0||9||0||144||3
|}
|-
|2017||1||0
|-
|2018||3||0
|-
|2019||6||0
|-
|2020||2||0
|-
!Total||12||0
|}
References
Other websites
1995 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J3 League players
FC Tokyo players
FC Tokyo U-23 players
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
La Massana

La Massana (originally La Macana) is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. It is in the northwest of the country. La Massana is also the name of the main town of the parish.
The name Massana derives from the Latin name mattianam for a variety of apple.
Geography
The La Massana parish is in the northwest of the country and borders with the Ordino parish to the north, with the Ordino and Encamp parishes to the east, with the Andorra la Vella and the Escaldes-Engordany parishes to the south, with France (Ariege department) and Spain to the west.
The town of La Massana has an average elevation of above sea level.
In the La Massana parish are the highest mountains of Andorra, including:
Coma Pedrosa (), high, the highest mountain of the country; it is in the northwest of the parish near the borders with France and Spain.
Roca Entravessada, high
Pic de Medacorba, high
Pic de Sanfonts, high
The main river in the parish is the Valira del Nord (or Valira d'Ordino) river, one of the two branches that form the Valira river. There are several small lakes in the parish; the main lakes are Estanys Forcats, Estany de Les Truites and Estany Negre.
Population
The parish had a population, in 2015, of 10,359 inhabitants, for a population density of persons/km2.
Evolution of the population in La Massana
Villages
There are other villages and hamlets besides the main town of La Massana in the parish:
Economy
The main economic activity is tourism and the parish is a major tourism destination. In winter, the main activities are skiing, snowboarding, and ski ski biking. The main ski resort, Vallnord, includes the Arinsal and Pal sectors. In summer, the main activities are hiking, climbing, mountain biking and canyoning.
Farming is also an important economic activity in the parish; here tobacco, vegetables (mainly potatoes), and cereals are grown.
Sites of interest
Sant Ermengol de l'Aldosa church in Aldosa
Sant Climent de Pal church in Pal
Pont de Sant Antoni de la Grella, a bridge also called Pont de Sispony
Museu Casa Rull, a museum of Ethnology in Sispony
Vallnord, a ski/snowboard resort in the Pyrenees mountains
Gallery
References
Parishes of Andorra
Kei Hirata

is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
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|1992||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||0||0||0||0
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|1993||0||0||||||1||0||1||0
0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|}
References
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Gazi

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Gazi (; about 1437 - 1513) was a mathematician from the Maghreb. He wrote poems about the work of other mathematicians, including Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi. He used lattice multiplication in his math writing.
Related pages
List of scientists
References
Mathematicians
African scientists
1437 births
1513 deaths
Arab people
Moroccan scientists
Voltammetry

Voltammetry is the name for a number of methods to analyse a sample, both in terms of quality and quantity. With voltammetry, the composition of a probe can be re-constructed by looking at the way electrical currents flow through it. Usually, the electrical current between two or more electrodes is varied. Voltammetry is a form of electrolysis.
Chemistry
Electricity
Ris-Orangis

Ris-Orangis is a commune of 29,589 people (2018). It is in the Ile-de-France region in the Essonne department in the north of France.
Communes in Essonne
The Three Musketeers (1973 movie)

The Three Musketeers is a 1973 British Spanish Panamanian American action adventure movie directed by Richard Lester and was based on the 1844 novel of the same name by Alexandre Dumas. It stars Michael York, Oliver Reed, Frank Finlay, Richard Chamberlain, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Geraldine Chaplin, Charlton Heston, Faye Dunaway, Christopher Lee, Raquel Welch, Roy Kinnear and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was followed by the 1974 movie ''The Four Musketeers.
Other websites
1973 action movies
1973 adventure movies
British action movies
British adventure movies
Spanish action movies
Spanish adventure movies
Panamanian movies
1970s American action movies
1970s American adventure movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Richard Lester
Qaemiyeh

Qaemiyeh (, also Romanized as Qa'emiyeh) is a city and capital of Chenar Shahijan District, in Kazerun County, Fars Province, Iran.
References
Cities in Iran
Fars Province
Mid-range speaker

A mid-range speaker is a type of loudspeaker. These are designed to reproduce sounds which are not very low, but mid-range speaker can also play hi frequency sounds, example frequency going up to 20kHz. Depending on the speakers structure there can be a tweeter that plays hi-frequencies. Typically it is then a 3-way speaker. If there is only a woofer and mid-range speaker, it would be 2-way speaker.
Audio technology
Manappally

Manppally is a small village in Kollam district, Kerala, India. It is located near Thazhava.
Politics
Manappally is a part of Karunagappally assembly constituency in Alappuzha (Lok Sabha constituency). Shri. R. Ramachandran is the current MLA of Karunagappally. Shri. K. C. Venugopal is the current member of parliament of Alappuzha.
Worship centres
There are some worship centres in Manappally. St. Mary's Salem Orthodox Church is an example for it.
References
Villages in Kollam district
Tim Rice

Sir Timothy Miles Bindon "Tim" Rice (born 10 November 1944) is an English songwriter and writer. He was born in 1944. Rice is probably best known for his work with Andrew Lloyd Webber on the shows Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Jesus Christ Superstar, and Evita. He also co-wrote the shows Blondel, Chess and the English lyrics for Starmania.
He had a long-term relationship in the 1980s with the actress Elaine Paige.
In 2018, Rice became one of fifteen people to win an Oscar, Grammy, Tony and Emmy Award.
References
1944 births
Living people
Rice, Tim
Grammy Award winners
Emmy Award winners
Tony Award winners
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Bert Rossi

Umberto "Bert" Rossi (1 November 1922 - 2 July 2017) was an English gangster and former associate of the Kray twins. He was known as the "General of Clerkenwell". He stood trial for murder in 1975 but was acquitted. He was a journalist linked him to 11 murders, a figure which he did not dispute. He was born in Clerkenwell, London, England.
Rossi died on 2 July 2017 in London at age of 94.
Further reading
Morton, James. (2017) Bert Rossi: Britain's oldest London gangland boss. National Crime Syndicate Publishing.
References
Other websites
1922 births
2017 deaths
Criminals from London
Coffeemaker

A coffeemaker or coffee machine is a cooking appliance used to brew coffee. While there are many different types of coffeemakers using several different brewing principles, in the most common devices, coffee grounds are placed into a paper or metal filter inside a funnel, which is set over a glass or ceramic coffee pot, a cooking pot in the kettle family. Cold water is poured into a separate chamber, which is then boiled and directed into the funnel. This is also called automatic drip-brew.
American culture
Coffee
Cooking appliances
Home appliances
Aiglun, Alpes-Maritimes

Aiglun is a town and commune of the Alpes-Maritimes departement, in southeastern France.
Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Macedonian Americans

Macedonian Americans are Americans of Macedonian descent.
References
Ethnic groups in the United States
John Farrell

John Campbell Farrell is a retired sports shooter from New Zealand. John competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 30 July 1954.
References
Other websites
1954 births
Living people
New Zealand Olympians
Sport shooters
Bussy-lès-Poix

Bussy-les-Poix is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Bartholomew the Apostle

Bartholomew the Apostle is one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. He is the patron saint of Armenia, bookbinders, butchers, Florentine cheese and salt merchants, Gambatesa, Italy, leather workers; nervous diseases, plasterers; shoemakers; tanners, and trappers. Along with Saint Jude Thaddeus, he helped bring Christianity to Armenia. He is the patron saint of people who work with leather and animal skins because he was martyred (killed for his beliefs) by being skinned alive. He is usually represented by holding a large knife and his skin.
Bartholomew is also found in Islamic literature. In one such story mentioned by Suyuti, Ibn Arabi, Bayhaqi, and Abu Nuyam Bartholomew is described as one whom God has given extended life to and he meet the companions of the Prophet Muhammad in Iraq. This event took place during the regin of Umar.
Related pages
Twelve Apostles
References
Bartholomew
Twelve Apostles
Nik Antropov

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Antropov (Russian: Nikolai Aleksandrovich Antropov; born February 18, 1980) is a former Kazakh professional ice hockey forward for the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
Other websites
1980 births
American Hockey League players
Atlanta Thrashers players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Kazakhstani ice hockey players
Living people
Naturalized citizens of Canada
New York Rangers players
St. John's Maple Leafs players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Winnipeg Jets players
Danbury, Connecticut

Danbury is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is northeast of New York City making it part of the New York metropolitan area. Danbury's population at the 2020 census was 86,518.
The city is named for Danbury in Essex, England. It is nicknamed the "Hat City".
References
Cities in Connecticut
Geudertheim

Geudertheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Dryophytes gratiosus

The barking tree frog, Florida hyla, Florida tree frog, Georgia tree frog, bell-frog, or giant tree frog (Dryophytes gratiosus) is a frog that lives in the southeastern United States. It lives as far north as New Jersey, as far west as Kentucky and Mississippi, and as far south as Alabama and Florida.
The adult male frog is 4.9 to 7.0 cm from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 5.0 to 7.0 cm long. It is one of the largest tree frogs in the United States. Its skin is bright green to dark green. It has spots.
References
Frogs of North America
Duchess lorikeet

The duchess lorikeet (Charmosyna margarethae) is a species of parrot in the Psittaculidae family.
They are found on Bougainville Island in Papua New Guinea, and in the Solomon Islands. They live in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and plantations. They are threatened by habitat loss.
References
Lorikeets
Birds of Oceania
List of named minor planets: W

W
1704 Wachmann
1695 Walbeck
877 Walkure
1153 Wallenbergia
2114 Wallenquist
987 Wallia
3198 Wallonia
256 Walpurga
1946 Walraven
890 Waltraut
1057 Wanda
886 Washingtonia
5756 Wassenbergh
4765 Wasserburg
1822 Waterman
729 Watsonia
7784 Watterson
1798 Watts
4085 Weir
1721 Wells
3682 Welther
15268 Wendelinefroger
621 Werdandi
226 Weringia
1302 Werra
2017 Wesson
2022 West
930 Westphalia
1940 Whipple
2301 Whitford
931 Whittemora
274301 Wikipedia
1941 Wild
9999 Wiles
392 Wilhelmina
1688 Wilkens
1763 Williams
51829 Williemccool
23712 Willpatrick
4015 Wilson-Harrington
747 Winchester
1556 Wingolfia
1575 Winifred
2044 Wirt
3402 Wisdom
717 Wisibada
2732 Witt
852 Wladilena
4608 Wodehouse
827 Wolfiana
1660 Wood
13732 Woodall
690 Wratislavia
1747 Wright
1765 Wrubel
2752 Wu Chien-Shiung
References
Lists of minor planets by name
Lincoln Park, Michigan

Lincoln Park is a city in Wayne County, Michigan, United States. According to the 2020 United States Census, 40,245 people lived there.
References
Cities in Michigan
Quaid-e-Azam Residency

Quaid-e-Azam Residency (), also known as Ziarat Residency, is located in Ziarat, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is where Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah spent the last two months and ten days of his life.
1892 establishments
National symbols of Pakistan
Museums in Pakistan
Rosciano

Rosciano is a comune in the Province of Pescara in the Italian region of Abruzzo.
Settlements in Abruzzo
James V. Stanton

James Vincent Stanton (February 27, 1932 - May 2, 2022) was an American politician and lawyer. He was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.
Stanton was a member of the Cleveland city council from 1959 to 1970, serving as president from 1964 to 1970. He was then elected as a Democrat to the 92nd and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1971 - January 3, 1977).
Stanton was not a candidate for reelection to the House of Representatives in 1976, but was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate. He supported the man who beat him in the primary, Howard Metzenbaum.
In the 2012 election, he endorsed Republican nominee Mitt Romney over his party's nominee President Barack Obama.
Stanton died on May 2, 2022 in Potomac, Maryland at the age of 90.
References
Other websites
Retrieved on 2010-01-02
1932 births
2022 deaths
United States representatives from Ohio
Politicians from Cleveland
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Cleveland
Gabriel Cisneros

Gabriel Cisneros Laborda (14 August 1940 - 27 July 2007) was a Spanish attorney and politician who is known for being one of the Fathers of the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
1940 births
2007 deaths
Spanish politicians
Pat Evans (gymnast)

Patricia Bowen Evans Whitford was a gymnast from Wales. Whitford competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics. She was born in 1926 and died on 19 January 2020.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2020 deaths
British gymnasts
British Olympians
People from Swansea
Ulysses Guimarães

Ulysses Silveira Guimaraes ( October 6, 1916 - October 12, 1992) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He played an important role in opposing the military dictatorship in Brazil. He is thought to be the "Grandfather of Brazilian Democracy".
He died in a helicopter accident by the shore near Angra dos Reis, in the south of Rio de Janeiro state.
References
1916 births
1992 deaths
Aviation deaths
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
Brazilian lawyers
Nobody's Home

"Nobody's Home" is Avril Lavigne's third single from her second album Under My Skin. Daniel Stern played guitar for it. It was produced by Lavigne and Don Gilmore.
The song was written by Lavigne and Ben Moody, ex-member of Evanescence. It is a "rock ballad".
Charts
References
2005 songs
Avril Lavigne songs
Sorry, Wrong Number

Sorry, Wrong Number is a 1948 American thriller film noir. It was directed by Anatole Litvak. Barbara Stanwyck and Burt Lancaster are in the main roles in this movie.
Plot
The movie is about a woman, Mrs. Stevenson, who is wealthy but mentally ill. She tries to dial her husband's number but she overhears a conversation instead. She figures out that there is going to be a murder at 11:15 and is even more disturbed. She keeps trying to get the operators to trace the call, and when they can't, she dials the police, Sgt. Duffy, but he doesn't help either. Her phone keeps ringing and she gets more worried until 11:15, when the murder happens. Someone is in the house and she doesn't know how to react. She gets her final call from her husband and he tells her to go to the window and scream as loud as she can. However, she doesn't make it in time. We learn that Mr. Stevenson, her husband, was a part of the murder and he killed his wife only for the money, which he regrets.
References
1948 movies
1940s thriller movies
English-language movies
American thriller movies
Movies directed by Anatole Litvak
Manfred Melzer

Manfred Melzer (28 February 1944 - 9 August 2018) was a German bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Solingen-Ohligs, Germany. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI. He was an Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Cologne from 1995 to 2015.
Melzer died in Cologne on 9 August 2018, aged 74.
References
Other websites
web page about Manfred Melzer (archbishopric Cologne)
1944 births
2018 deaths
German Roman Catholic bishops
People from Cologne
Two on the Steppes

Two on the Steppes () is a 1964 Soviet drama movie directed by Anatoly Efros. It stars Valeri Babyatinsky, Assu Nurekenov, and V. Batalova.
Actors
Valeri Babyatinsky as Ogarkov (as V. Baryatinsky)
Assu Nurekenov
V. Batalova
Svetlana Konovalova
Evgeniya Presnikova
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1964 movies
Soviet drama movies
The Prussian Spy

The Prussian Spy is a 1909 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Marion Leonard, Harry Solter, and Owen Moore.
Actors
Marion Leonard as Lady Florence
Harry Solter as Count Lopes
Owen Moore as The Spy
Arthur V. Johnson as Soldier
Florence Lawrence as The Maid
David Miles as Soldier
Mack Sennett as Soldier
References
Other websites
American movies
1909 movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Dermot Healy

Dermot Healy (18 July 1947 - 29 June 2014) was an Irish novelist, playwright, poet, short story writer and actor. His best known fictional novels were A Goat's Song (1994), Sudden Times (1999) and Long Time, No See (2011). His best known work of poetry was A Fool's Errand (2010). He was a member of Aosdana. He was also an actor and appeared in the movies I Could Read the Sky (1999), Mapmaker (2001) and The Guard (2011). He was a member of Aosdana.
Healy was called a "master", a "Celtic Hemingway" and as "Ireland's finest living novelist". Writers to have spoken highly of him are Seamus Heaney, Eugene McCabe, Roddy Doyle, Patrick McCabe and Anne Enright.
Healy was born in Finnea, County Westmeath. In his late teens he moved to London, England, before returning to Ireland.
Healy died on 29 June 2014 in Sligo, County Sligo, aged 66. His wife and two children outlived him.
Referances
Other websites
Dermot Healy at Aosdana
Dermot Healy at Irish Writers Online
1947 births
2014 deaths
Irish movie actors
Irish novelists
Irish playwrights
Irish poets
Learjet 24

The Learjet 24 is a twin-turbojet civil aircraft. It is used as a business jet. It is a modern variant of the Learjet 23. It flew for the first time in 1966. It was built between 1966 and 1980.
Civil aircraft
Citroën Xsara

Citroen Xsara was a car produced by Citroen from 1997 through 2005. An MPV version, the Xsara Picasso, was launched in 1999 and was produced until 2010.
Engines
1.4i 55 kW (75 hp)
1.6i 65 kW (88 hp)
1.6i 16V 80 kW (109 hp)
1.8i 66 kW (90 hp) and 74 kW (101 hp)
1.8i 16V 81 kW (110 hp)
2.0i 16V 97 kW (132 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)
2.0i 16V VTS 120 kW (163 hp)
1.4 HDi 50 kW (68 hp)
1.9 D 51 kW (69 hp)
1.9 SD 55 kW (75 hp)
1.9 TD 66 kW (90 hp)
2.0 HDi 66 kW (90 hp) and 80 kW (109 hp)
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Xsara