pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
C (programming language)

The C programming language is a computer programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. They used it to improve the UNIX operating system. It is still much used today. C is a procedural language, which means that people write their programs as a series of step-by-step instructions. C is a compiled language, which means that the computer source code, written in C, is converted to make some machine code that a computer chip can actually execute.
Because the ideas behind C are like the ideas used in the design of the computer, the compiler (program builder) can generate fast machine code for the computer. The language itself has very few keywords, and most things are done using libraries, which are collections of code made to be reused. C has a big standard library called stdio, which stands for standard input/output.
C has a variety of uses:
writing embedded systems like the code that runs inside a computer mouse, or a car headlight.
writing device drivers like the code inside a laptop computer that interacts with the touchpad or the microphone
writing protocol stacks like the code that allows one computer to talk to other computers on the internet.
writing operating systems, such as Linux, MacOS and UNIX, and the utilities that come with those operating systems.
writing application software, such as web browsers, word processors, etc.
writing video games. Many of the most well-reviewed video games, including Doom, Quake, and Super Mario 64 are written in C.
The compilers and interpreters of many other programming languages, such as Python and Perl, are written in C.
C standards
There are three successive standards for the C programming language ANSI C, ISO C and Standard C which are published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
C is available for many different types of computers. This is why C is called a "portable" language. A program that is written in C and that respects certain limitations can be compiled for most platforms, and all in mainstream use.
The syntax of C has also influenced many other programming languages, such as C++, C#, and Java, and many more programming languages we use nowadays.
Example code
Here is an example of a program written in C. When built and run it will show "Hello world!", followed by a new line on the computer screen.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello world!
");
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h> gets the standard input/output tools ready for the program to use. This allows text to be displayed (output).
int main() is called the main function, and it is where the first code starts being run in a C program.
printf("Hello world!
"); is what displays text, in this case, "Hello world!" with a new line (
) at the end.
return 0; tells the computer that the program finished and did not run into problems.
Related pages
C dynamic memory allocation
C++
C#
Objective-C
Other websites
Introduction to C programming
Coding Programmer Page / C Library Reference and Examples (English)
C (programming language) -Citizendium
Programming languages
Thorndike, Maine

Thorndike is a town in Waldo County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a chronic (slowly progressive) form of leukemia. It can be treated with Gleevec (Imatinib). Other treatments that are sometimes used include Interferon. Hydroxyurea has also been used, as has Busulfan.
References
Cancer
Blood disorders
UK railway stations – N

Related pages
List of closed railway stations in Britain
List of heritage railway stations in the United Kingdom
N
Jared Harris

Jared Francis Harris (born 24 August 1961) is an English actor. He played Lane Pryce in Mad Men and as Ulysses S. Grant in Steven Spielberg's 2012 movie Lincoln. He won an Sitges Film Festival in 1999. His father was late Irish actor Richard Harris.
Harris was born in Hammersmith, London, England to an Irish father, actor Richard Harris and to a Welsh mother, Elizabeth Rees-Williams. He studied at Downside School and at Duke University. Harris was married to Emilia Fox from 2005 until they divorced in 2010. Since 2011, he has been partners with Allegra Riggio.
Harris lives in Los Angeles, California.
References
Other websites
1961 births
Living people
Actors from London
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Lure

Lure may refer to:
Objects
Lure (falconry), a chase object used in falconry
Fishing lure, an object to attract fish
Lur or Lure, a musical instrument
Geography
Albania
Lure, a municipality in the Diber district, in Albania
Lure National Park
France
Lure, Haute-Saone, a commune in the department of Haute-Saone
Arrondissement of Lure, an arrondissement in the department of Haute-Saone
Lure, a commune in the Loire department
United States
Lake Lure, North Carolina
Film and television
The Lure (1914 film), an American melodrama on prostitution
The Lure (1933 film), a 1933 British film
The Lure (2015 film), a 2015 Polish film
"The Lure", a 1967 episode of Gunsmoke
Books
The Lure, a 1912 book by Lady E. S. Drower
The Lure, a 1979 book by Felice Picano
The Lure, a 2002 book by Bill Napier
Lure, a 2003 book by Dilys Rose
The Lure, a 2014 book by Lynne Ewing
Other uses
Lure (horse), a racehorse
Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement electromagnetique, the operator of the SOLEIL synchrotron in Orsay, France
Related pages
Bouhans-les-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saone
Caudal luring, a form of aggressive mimicry in snakes
Frotey-les-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saone
La Neuvelle-les-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saone
Lur, Iran (disambiguation)
Lure coursing, a sport for dogs that involves chasing a mechanically operated lure
Lurs, people of Iran who speak the Luri language
Lurs (disambiguation)
Lurs, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, a commune in France
Montagne de Lure, a mountain range in France
Vy-les-Lure, a commune in the department of Haute-Saone
Kirchham

Kirchham (literally "Churcham") is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.
Kirchham has 27 subdivisions:
Kirchham is twinned with Churcham, England.
References
Passau (district)
Igor Tudor

Igor Tudor (born 16 April 1978) is a former Croatian football player. He has played for Croatia national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Hajduk Split||rowspan="3"|Prva HNL||9||0
|-
|1996/97||23||1
|-
|1997/98||26||2
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="7"|Juventus||rowspan="7"|Serie A||23||1
|-
|1999/00||17||1
|-
|2000/01||25||6
|-
|2001/02||14||4
|-
|2002/03||14||1
|-
|2003/04||15||2
|-
|2004/05||2||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Siena||rowspan="2"|Serie A||15||1
|-
|2005/06||24||1
|-
|2006/07||Juventus||Serie B||0||0
|-
|2007/08||Hajduk Split||Prva HNL||8||1
66||4
149||17
215||21
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||10||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||4||0
|-
|2001||9||1
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||7||0
|-
|2004||8||1
|-
|2005||7||2
|-
|2006||7||0
|-
!Total||57||4
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Croatian footballers
Croatian football managers
Sportspeople from Split
PAOK FC managers
David Rice Atchison

David Rice Atchison (August 11, 1807January 26, 1886) was an American Democratic politician. He was a United States Senator from Missouri. He was President pro tempore of the United States Senate for six years.
He is best known for the claim that for 24 hours--Sunday, March 4, 1849 through noon on Monday--he may have been Acting President of the United States. This, however, has been dismissed by nearly all historians, scholars, and biographers.
References
1807 births
1886 deaths
United States senators from Missouri
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
Politicians from Kentucky
People from Lexington, Kentucky
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Méracq

Meracq is a commune in the Pyrenees-Atlantiques department in southwest France.
References
Communes in Pyrenees-Atlantiques
Northern Ireland Office

The Northern Ireland Office (NIO) was set up in 1971. It is a ministry in the British Government which looks after the affairs of Northern Ireland. It head is the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.
The job of Secretary of State is less important now because the Northern Ireland Assembly and the ministers in the assembly do a lot of the work of the Northern Ireland Office.
The devolution of police and justice in April 2010 transferred many of the NIO's previous responsibilities to the Northern Ireland Assembly and its devolved government, the Northern Ireland Executive. The Department of Justice (Northern Ireland) looks after those matters. This transfer of power resulted in a smaller Northern Ireland Office, similar to the Scotland Office and Wales Office.
Politics of Northern Ireland
Departments of the United Kingdom Government
Organization

Organization (British English: Organisation) is the idea of putting things together in a logical order. The verb is "to organize".
An organization is a group of people who work together. Organizations exist because people working together can achieve more than a person working alone.
To make sure people work together, organizations usually have leaders.
Related pages
Business
Charitable organization
International organization
NGO
Quango
References
Basic English 850 words
Craig Ervine

Craig Richard Ervine is an international cricketer from Zimbabwe. He is the captain of the Zimbabwe national cricket team. He was born on August 19, 1985.
References
Other websites
1985 births
Living people
Zimbabwean cricketers
People from Harare
Christy's dormouse

Christy's dormouse (Graphiurus christyi) is a species of rodent in the Gliridae family. It is found in Cameroon and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
References
Grubb, P. & Schlitter, D. 2008. Graphiurus christyi . 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 18 August 2009.
Holden, M. E.. 2005. Family Gliridae. Pp. 819-841 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Graphiurus
Nizhnekamsky District

Nizhnekamsky District is a district of Tatarstan. It lies near the Kama (Chulman) River. Tatar, Russian, Chuvash and other people live in Nizhnekamsky District.
There is a famous Holy Spring in Krasny Klyuch near the town of Nizhnekamsk.
Nizhnekamsk town newspapers - Hezmattash Avazi ("Voice of the counterpart), etc.
Districts of Tatarstan
Coi Leray

Coi Leray Collins (born May 11, 1997) is an American rapper and singer.
Works
Leray has released two mixtapes: Everythingcoz in 2018 and EC2 (2019). Her debut extended play, Now or Never, was released in 2020. In 2021, the remix of her single, "No More Parties" (featuring Lil Durk), reached the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In 2022, Leray released her first studio album Trendsetter. The album has her collaborative single with Nicki Minaj, "Blick Blick". This also reached the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100.
Discography
Studio albums
Mixtapes
Extended plays
Singles
As lead artist
As featured artist
Other charted songs
References
1997 births
Living people
American rappers
Pop rappers
People from Hackensack, New Jersey
Rappers from New Jersey
American hip hop singers
Singers from New Jersey
American pop singers
Hester Jonas

Hester Jonas (around 1570 in Monheim am Rhein - December 24, 1635 in Neuss) was a German midwife and cunning woman. She was executed for witchcraft and is known as the so called Witch of Neuss.
Life
Jonas married the miller Peter Meurer. They moved to Neuss. There she suffered severe epileptic seizures. She worked as a midwife and was familiar with herbalism, particularly mandrake.
In November 1635 (at the age of about 64 years), she was accused of witchcraft. She was arrested, examined and tortured. The mayor of Neuss accused her of having a deal with the devil. A few years back she already had the reputation of being a witch. In the wake of growing public rumours, the authorities were forced to do something. After hearings on November 15 and 22, Jonas denied the charges. On December 19 and 20 she was put on a chair spiked with sharp nails for three hours.
After her torture she confessed falsely. She confessed to having sexual intercourse with a black man named "Hans Beelzebub". She confessed to damaging humans and animals by black magic. On the same night she escaped, but was captured again in a short time. Jonas then said her confession wasn't true, but her resistance was broken after a violent whipping the next day. She again confessed to all charges and the court sentenced her to death by beheading. On December 24 she was beheaded by an executioner. Her body was burnt and the ashes blew away in the wind.
The transcripts are still available in the city archive of Neuss.
Trivia
"The Ballad of Hester Jonas" by Peter Maiwald
Further reading
Kemmerich, Hetty. Sagt, was ich gestehen soll! Hexenprozesse. Dortmund 2004, , p. 231-236.
References
1570s births
1635 deaths
Executed German people
People executed for witchcraft
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
Voiceless retroflex nasal

The voiceless retroflex nasal is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
Carefree, Arizona

Carefree is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States.
Towns in Arizona
Boécourt

Boecourt is a municipality of the district of Delemont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Jura
Reflection nebula

In astronomy, a reflection nebula is a cloud of dust which reflects the light of a star or many stars. The light from the nearby stars is not hot enough to ionize the gas of the nebula to make an emission nebula. However, is enough to make the dust visible because the light reflects off of the dust.
Reflection nebulae are usually blue because the scattering works better for blue light than red (this is the same reason that the sky is blue and sunsets are red).
Reflection nebulae and emission nebulae are usually seen together and sometimes are called 'diffuse nebulae'. A good example of this is the Orion nebula.
Reflection nebulae may also be the site of star formation.
Related pages
Variable nebula
References
James B. Kaler (1998). Kosmische Wolken. Materie-Kreislaufe in der Milchstrasse. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.
Nebulae
Mod Archive

The Mod Archive is a website that archives and lists music module files. Users can make charts, reviews and ratings of them.
MOD, IT, XM, AHX, MED, STM, S3M, MO3, MTM, 669, AMF, AMS, DBM, DIGI, DMF, DSM, FAR, GDM, IMF, J2B, MDL, MPTM, MT2, OKT, PLM, PTM, STM, ULT and HVL files are accepted.
History
The Mod Archive was started in 1996 for tracker musicians to share their work.
A forum was added in 2000. The website was less maintained from about 2004, and was redesigned from November 2005 until ending private beta in August 2006. The website's popularity now required many resources, so in 2007, it stopped being sponsored and was moved to dedicated hardware, which is so expensive the community is asked to pay the running costs.
Since 2006, it has been possible to download multiple files at once using BitTorrent.
Operations and quality control
Users upload files, which the website's staff check for integrity and quality.
Mentions in publications
ModArchive was mentioned in the PC music freeware roundup in Sound on Sound magazine.
ModArchive (v3.1) was featured as Site of the Month in Computer Music magazine.
References
Other websites
BitTorrent tracker
Music websites
Harry Shum Jr.

Harry Shum Jr (born April 28, 1982) is a Costa Rican-American actor, singer, dancer, and choreographer. He played Mike Chang on the Fox television series Glee and Magnus Bane on the Freeform television series Shadowhunters.
References
1982 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Costa Rican people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American dancers
American choreographers
Actors from San Francisco
Singers from San Francisco
Sejo of Joseon

Sejo of Joseon (; September 29 1417 - September 8 1468) was the seventh king of the Joseon Dynasty. He was the second son of Sejong the Great.
In 1429 his peerage was Grand Prince Suyang. When his father died in 1450, his elder brother Munjong was crowned. Two years later Munjong died, and Munjong's son Danjong was crowned.
In 1455, he took the throne and became king of Joseon himself. Sejo's nephew Danjong was expelled. Danjong was then murdered in 1455.
Works
Seokbosangjeol ()
Worinseokbo ()
Yeokdaebyeongyo ()
Related pages
Cheugugi
Yeonsangun of Joseon
References
Other websites
Sejo of Joseon:Navercast
Sejo of Joseon
joseon sejodae jeongcireul boneun sigaggwa saengyugsin (nonmun)
nahannim yeop bawiteume 'mulbangul jongsori' ceongahaera bulgyosinmun 2008nyeon 06weol 14ilja
seon gulgeun seonjo... gaeseong neomcineun jeongjo...
(iseongmuyi seonbi iyagi) <15> sejowa igyejeon
1417 births
1468 deaths
Kings of Joseon
Madonna of Bruges

The Madonna of Bruges is a significant marble sculpture by Michelangelo. It was created during 1503-1505. It is a sculpture of Mary with the Child Jesus.
Art by Michelangelo
Iron deficiency anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia (or iron-deficiency anaemia) is a common type of anemia. It is caused by not having enough iron in food, not absorbing the iron in food, and/or losing iron because of bleeding.
Iron deficiency causes approximately half of all anemia cases worldwide, and affects women more often than men. This is partly because most women have periods (menstruate). There are probably more than one billion people who have anemia.
Anemia is most common in areas like Brazil or Central Africa. Asia, Central America and Eastern Europe are affected too, with North America least affected.
Symptoms include pale skin, tiredness, and weakness.
Anemia can be diagnosed with a blood test by finding out if there is little enough hemoglobin in the blood.
References
Blood disorders
Ebbs

Ebbs is a small village in the Kufstein district in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is north of Kufstein at the border with Bavaria, Germany. The village has seven parts. It was mentioned for the first time as Episas in 788. Rumors came up that settlement began in the Roman age. The main source of income is tourism but the village also has commuters.
References
Other websites
Official website
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Gina Raimondo

Gina Marie Raimondo (born May 17, 1971) is an American politician, businesswoman, and venture capitalist. She is a member of the Democratic Party. In 2021, she became the United States Secretary of Commerce under the Joe Biden administration.
In 2015, Raimondo became the 75th Governor of the State of Rhode Island. She is the first woman to be Governor of Rhode Island. She was the General Treasurer for the State of Rhode Island from 2011 through 2015.
On January 7, 2021, President-elect Joe Biden nominated Raimondo to serve as the United States Secretary of Commerce in his cabinet. Her nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 2, 2021 with a 84-15 vote.
References
Other websites
1971 births
Living people
Governors of Rhode Island
United States Secretaries of Commerce
Businesspeople from Rhode Island
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Angela Cartwright

Angela Cartwright (9 September 1952) is an English born and American actress who stars in both movies and television programs. She acted as Brigitta in the 1965 movieThe Sound of Music. She also acted as Penny Robinson in the 1960s television series Lost in Space. She is the sister of Veronica Cartwright, who is also a television and movie actress. Angela Cartwright was born in Cheshire, England.
References
English television actors
English movie actors
1952 births
Living people
Private prison

A private prison is a prison run by a private company instead of the government. The government hires the private prison company to perform all the services needed to keep the convicts locked up while they serve out their sentences.
In the twenty-first century, many industries that were government-run before have become more privatized.
The countries that have private prisons are Australia, Brazil, Chile, Greece, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, United States and the United Kingdom. Private prisons are only common in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.
Israel used to have private prisons, until the Israeli Supreme Court, declared them illegal (against the law) in 2005. Canada also used to have private prisons, but due to widespread protests against them, the last private prison went to government control in 2006.
References
The Change-Up

The Change-Up is a 2011 American comedy movie produced by David Dobkin, Neal H. Moritz, David Furnish and Gary Barber and directed by David Dobkin. The Change-Up was released on August 5, 2011 in North America.
Cast
Ryan Reynolds as Mitchell "Mitch" Planko, Jr. / David "Dave" Lockwood
Jason Bateman as David "Dave" Lockwood / Mitchell "Mitch" Planko, Jr.
Leslie Mann as Jamie Lockwood, Dave's wife
Olivia Wilde as Sabrina McKay, Dave's attractive assistant
Craig Bierko as Valtan
Gregory Itzin as Flemming Steel, Dave's boss
Alan Arkin as Mitchell "Mitch" Planko, Sr., Mitch's father
Sydney Rouviere as Cara Lockwood, Dave and Jamie's daughter
Mircea Monroe as Tatiana, Mitch's nymphomaniac girlfriend
Release dates
Other websites
2011 comedy movies
2011 fantasy movies
2010s American fantasy movies
2010s English-language movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
Movies about wish fulfillment
Macclenny, Florida

Macclenny is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Baker County.
Cities in Florida
County seats in Florida
Megapode

The megapodes, also known as incubator birds or mound-builders, are stocky, medium-large chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet. They are included in the family of Megapodidae. They may build a pile of rotting vegetables as an incubator for their eggs.
Galliformes
Cairo Trilogy

The Cairo Trilogy ( 'The Trilogy' or 'The Cairo Trilogy') is a trilogy of novels written by the Egyptian novelist and Nobel Prize winner Naguib Mahfouz. It is one of the best known works of his literary career.
Translations
The Cairo Trilogy was first translated into Hebrew between 1981 and 1987. Mahfouz was very satisfied by this and saw it as another proof that the Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty of 1979 should be supported. The English translation was published by Doubleday in the early 1990s. The translators were:
Palace Walk - William M. Hutchins and Olive Kenny
Palace of Desire - Hutchins, Olive Kenny and Lorne Kenny
Sugar Street - Hutchins, Olive Kenny and Angele Botros Samaan
The translation was overseen by Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, an editor at Doubleday at the time, and Martha Levin.
References
Novels
Geoffrey Rush

Geoffrey Roy Rush, (born 6 July 1951) is an Australian actor who has won the Academy and Emmy awards, as well as several others. He was the first Australian actor to win an Academy Award for acting.
He has won one Academy Award for acting (from four nominations), three British Academy Film Awards (from five nominations), two Golden Globe Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards.
He is the foundation President of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts and was named the 2012 Australian of the Year.
Rush was born on 6 July 1951 in Toowoomba, Queensland. He studied at Everton Park State High School and at University of Queensland. Rush was raised in Brisbane.
In 1975, Rush went to Paris for two years and studied mime, movement and theatre at the L'Ecole Internationale de Theatre Jacques Lecoq, before returning to continue his stage career with QTC. In 1979, he shared an apartment with actor Mel Gibson for four months while they co-starred in a stage production of Waiting for Godot.
Rush is known for his roles in Shine, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Shakespeare in Love, Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, Quills, Finding Nemo, Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, and in The King's Speech.
Since 1988, Rush has been married to actress Jane Menelaus, with whom he has a daughter, Angelica (born 1992), and a son, James (born 1995). Geoffrey Rush lives at Camberwell station, Camberwell, Victoria.
References
Other websites
Geoffrey Rush - Stage acting credits
Professional photographs of Geoffrey Rush - National Library of Australia
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Queensland
Australian movie actors
Australian of the Year Award winners
Australian television actors
Australian voice actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
1951 births
Living people
Lost Nation, Iowa

Lost Nation is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Québec En Alerte

Quebec En Alerte (Alert Ready Quebec) is a public emergency communication system of the Canadian province of Quebec. It is also an additional system to those already used in the municipalities. This system will be used to distribute to the population of the province or a particular area the emergency notifications, or alerts, issued by the Ministry of Public Security and Environment Canada. The notifications are transmitted to the population via the television stations, the radio stations and the Internet.
At the moment, the system seems to be on trial.
Tests
On May 5, 2015 at 13:58 EDT, a test was done. However, it was not successful. An other simulation will be planned soon.
Example of an emergency notification
The messages are, at the moment, in French only.
Television
A text in white on a red background interrupts the program. The message begins and ends with an audio signal, such as this one. In case of a test, there is a test message. In case of a real alert, there is a message including the information about the event and the instructions to the population.
Radio
The notification begins and ends with an audio signal. The message is read by a person or a special system.
References
Official website of the Ministry of Public Security (French)
Le Journal de Quebec (French)
Emergency services
Telecommunications
Quebec
Bryostatin

Bryostatins were first collected by JL Hartwell's anticancer drug discovery group at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) by Jack Rudloe.
Further reading
Other websites
drugs
Organic compounds
Tamarack, Minnesota

Tamarack is a city in Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Kunani

Kunani () is a city in Kohdasht County, Lorestan, Iran. There were 3,746 people living here in 2006.
References
Cities in Iran
Lorestan Province
Lisa del Giocondo

Lisa del Giocondo (June 15, 1479 - July 15, 1542), was an Italian noblewoman and a member of the Gherardini family from Florence. She was the model for the Mona Lisa portrait. The portrait was commissioned by her husband and painted by Leonardo da Vinci during the Italian Renaissance.
Biography
Early life
Lisa was born on June 15, 1479, in Via Maggio. At the age of fifteen she married Francesco di Bartolomeo di Zanobi del Giocondo, a cloth and silk merchant in 1495. As a dowry she brought 170 florins and the farm San Silvestro. She had five children: Piero, Piera, Camilla, Marietta, and Andrea. In 1521 their daughter Marietta became one of the Roman Catholic nuns in the renowned monastery of Sant'Orsola.
Death
When her husband died of the plague in 1538, Lisa also went to live in that monastery. She lived there for several years and was buried there.
References
1479 births
1542 deaths
Italian nobility
Eastern Conference (MLS)

The Eastern Conference is one of Major League Soccer's two conferences. The other is the Western Conference.
Members
Current
Eastern Conference winners by season
^ - MLS did not have draws until the 2000 season.
+ - Miami Fusion were declared winners of the Eastern Division in 2001 after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks forced the cancellation of the rest of the regular season. The MLS Cup Playoffs began on September 20.
Related pages
Western Conference (MLS)
Central Division (MLS)
Other websites
Complete MLS History
1996 in association football
Major League Soccer
Soccer leagues in the United States
Alf Handrahan

Alf Handrahan (born December 27, 1949) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played in the World Hockey Association. He played fourteen games for the Cincinnati Stingers. He was born in Alberton, Prince Edward Island.
References
1949 births
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Ice hockey people from Prince Edward Island
World Hockey Association players
Living people
Dave Kerr

David Alexander Kerr (January 11, 1910 in Toronto, Ontario - May 11, 1978) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played 427 games in total, 327 of them with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Playing career
He played amateur hockey before joining the NHL, winning the Allan Cup in 1930 with the Montreal AAA senior men's team. The next season was his first in the NHL, playing for the Montreal Maroons. The next season he played in the IHL and after that played two more for the Maroons.
On December 14, 1934, Kerr was acquired by the Rangers. It is with the Rangers where he is most notable for playing. He played six seasons for them, becoming the Rangers first regular goalie. He led New York to a Stanley Cup victory in 1940. That year, because of his 1.54 GAA and eight shutouts he was a First Team All-Star and won the Vezina Trophy. He also was a second team All-Star in 1938.
References
http://www.newyorkrangers.com/tradition/alumnispotlight.asp?Alumni=Kerr
1910 births
1978 deaths
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Montreal Maroons players
New York Americans players
New York Rangers players
Sportspeople from Toronto
Stanley Cup champions
Vezina Trophy winners
Doha

Doha (Arabic: ldwH@;, Ad-Dawhah or Ad-Dohah) is the capital city of Qatar. It has a population of 400,051 (2005), and is at 25.3deg N 51.5333deg E, on the Persian Gulf. The city has an airport called Doha International Airport. Doha also has major oil and fishing industries. Doha has an area devoted to research and education called Education City. Doha was the host of the 2006 Asian Games, a major Asian sporting event. Doha's leader is a sheikh named Sheikh Tamim. The official language of Doha is English and Arabic. The biggest mall in Qatar is Qatar mall.
Climate
Doha has a hot desert climate (Koppen climate classification BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters. The average high temperatures between May and September surpass 38 degC (100 degF) and often approach 45 degC (113 degF). Humidity is usually the lowest in May and June. Dewpoints can surpass 30 degC (86 degF) in the summer. Throughout the summer, the city averages almost no precipitation, and less than 20 mm (0.79 in) during other months. Rainfall is scarce, at a total of 75 mm (2.95 in) per year, falling on isolated days mostly between October to March. The winter's days are relativity warm while the sun is up and cool during the night. The temperature rarely drops below 7 degC (45 degF).
Borders
Doha is bordered by Saudi Arabia on its south. On its north, it is bordered by the Persian Gulf. The nearest oversea country is Bahrain.
Education
HEC Paris in Qatar
References
Orrington, Maine

Orrington is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Hunter Pence

Hunter Andrew Pence (born April 13, 1983) is an American Major League Baseball player. Pence plays for the San Francisco Giants. He plays the position outfielder. He previously played for the Houston Astros and Philadelphia Phillies. Pence is tall. He weighs . He bats and throws right-handed. Pence was with the San Francisco Giants when they won the World Series in 2012.
References
Houston Astros players
Philadelphia Phillies players
San Francisco Giants players
1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Fort Worth, Texas
National League All-Stars
Pleasant Grove, Utah

Pleasant Grove is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States. As of the 2020 census, 37,726 people live in Pleasant Grove.
References
Cities in Utah
Satoshi Tokizawa

Satoshi Tokizawa (born 31 July 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Thespa Kusatsu.
Club career statistics
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|2004||rowspan="3"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Thespa Kusatsu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2009||16||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
17||0||2||0||0||0||19||0
17||0||2||0||0||0||19||0
|}
1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Gunma Prefecture
The Siberian Times

The Siberian Times is an English-language news website that was originally launched in Novosibirsk, Russia in 2012. According to the editor of the website, Svetlana Skarbo, their aim is to challenge people's stereotypes about the region, described as "negative and out of date". Will Stewart, a British journalist formulated the idea. He also often uses their content in his articles.
Western media sometimes use their stories. One example is an article about frozen Siberian worms who were reanimated after thawing out of the permafrost. This story was also reported by the Smithsonian website, though the claim was also made by the academic journal Doklady Biological Sciences.
Its reliability as a news source is disputed. According to Mashable, its stories are "allegedly real with a bit of hyperbole/Siberian fan fiction thrown in". Doubtfulnews.com also referred to the website as "not a reliable source for news".
References
Siberia
News media
Dallam County, Texas

Dallam County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 7,115 people lived there. The county seat is Dalhart.
References
Texas counties
Jasper, Florida

Jasper is the county seat of Hamilton County, Florida in the United States.
Cities in Florida
County seats in Florida
Hamilton County, Florida
Honda Racing F1

Honda Racing F1, was a Formula One motor racing team and constructor. Honda F1 originally started in 1964 and were in F1 until 1968 when after the death of one of their drivers, Honda decided to leave Formula 1. Then, in 2006 Honda bought British American Racing to who it already supplied Honda engines. With the partnership of former Ferrari driver Rubens Barrichello and former BAR driver Jenson Button, the 'new' Honda F1 team won its first, and only, race in 2006 when Jenson Button won the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix. Then in 2008 due to the recession, Honda announced they would leave F1. Not too long after, Ross Brawn bought out the team and renamed it Brawn GP, and ran the team in the 2009 season.
History
Tyrrell Racing - British American Racing - Honda Racing F1 - Brawn GP - Mercedes GP
Formula One constructors
Formula One engine manufacturers
Pipit

The pipits are a cosmopolitan genus Anthus, of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. Along with the wagtails and longclaws, the pipits make up the family Motacillidae. The genus is widespread, occurring across most of the world, except the driest deserts, rainforests and the mainland of Antarctica.
They are slender, often drab, ground-feeding insectivores of open country. Like their relatives in the family, the pipits are monogamous and territorial. Pipits are ground nesters, laying up to six speckled eggs.
Passeri
Monticello, Illinois

Monticello is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
County seats in Illinois
Castillejo de Robledo

Castillejo de Robledo is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
Fernando Zunzunegui

Fernando Zunzunegui Rodriguez (5 October 1943 - 28 August 2014) was a Spanish footballer. He played as a defender. He was born in Vigo, Spain.
He played for Celta from 1962 through 1963. Then he played for Turista from 1963 through 1965. Then he played for Celta from 1965 through 1973. Then he played for Real Madrid from 1973 through 1976.
Zunzunegui died in Madrid, Spain, aged 70.
Honours
Real Madrid
Spanish League: 1966-67, 1967-68, 1968-69, 1971-72
Spanish Cup: 1969-70
References
Other websites
BDFutbol profile
Celta de Vigo profile
1943 births
2014 deaths
Spanish footballers
William McIlvanney

William McIlvanney (25 November 1936 - 5 December 2015) was a Scottish novelist, short story writer, and poet. McIlvanney was known for his works Laidlaw, The Papers of Tony Veitch, and Walking Wounded. They are all known for their portrayal of Glasgow in the 1970s. He is thought to be as "the father of 'Tartan Noir'" and Scotland's Camus.
References
1936 births
2015 deaths
Scottish novelists
Scottish poets
People from East Ayrshire
Bohars

Bohars () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
References
Communes in Finistere
Saint-Rémy-en-Rollat

Saint-Remy-en-Rollat is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
David Proval

David Aaron Proval (born May 20, 1942) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Tony DeVienazo in the Martin Scorsese movie Mean Streets (1973) and as Richie Aprile on the HBO crime drama series The Sopranos.
Proval's other movie credits include The Monster Squad (1987), UHF (1989), Innocent Blood (1992), The Shawshank Redemption (1994), Four Rooms (1995), The Phantom (1996), Mob Queen (1998), The Siege (1998), Bookies (2003) and Balls of Fury. He has also had roles in television shows such as Picket Fences, Boomtown, Everybody Loves Raymond, Kojak, The Equalizer, Miami Vice, Friday the 13th: The Series and The West Wing.
Proval was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He is Jewish.
References
Other websites
1942 births
Living people
Actors from Brooklyn
American movie actors
American television actors
Jewish American actors
Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm

"My Native Land, My Joy and Delight" is the national anthem of Estonia. It became the country's national anthem in 1920. This song has been around since the 19th century. The words of the song were written in 1869 by an Estonian poet named Johann Voldemar Jannsen, and the melody of the song was composed in 1848 by a German-born musician named Friedrich Pacius. This song's tune is the same one used in the national anthem of Finland.
Lyrics
References
1860s songs
European anthems
National symbols of Estonia
Marshalltown, Iowa

Marshalltown is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
County seats in Iowa
Spirit of London

19000 Spirit of London is an Alexander Dennis Enviro400 double-decker bus which was first used in London in October 2005. Originally using fleet number 18500, Spirit of London was built as the replacement for the bus destroyed in Tavistock Square during the 7 July 2005 London bombings, killing 13 passengers. Spirit of London was also the first production Enviro400 built by Alexander Dennis. Throughout its time in service, Spirit of London has served as a tribute to the victims of the 7/7 attacks.
Background
On 7 July 2005, there were 4 bombings across public transport in London. One of them was in Tavistock Square on a bus, the two-year-old TransBus ALX400-bodied TransBus Trident double-decker bus, registration LX03 BUF and fleet number 17758, operated by Stagecoach London. It would be scrapped after the attacks.
Introduction and early years
Spirit of London was first shown to the public on 3 October 2005. It was the first production Enviro400 to be built; the Enviro400 was Alexander Dennis' successor to the Dennis Trident and Alexander ALX400. It was originally assigned Stagecoach fleet number 18500, which is otherwise used for Trident-based vehicles. After a long promotional tour, Spirit of London went into use on route 30 in January 2006, five months after the Tavistock Square attack had occurred on the same route.
Fire
In the early hours of 19 October 2012, the bus would be set on fire by two teenage girls. The fire would cause damage over PS60,000. Due to the special status of it as a reminder of the 7/7 attacks, Stagecoach London decided to repair it.
References
Buses
July 2005 London bombings
Wormwood (Bible)

Worm means bitterness in Hebrew. It is mentioned in the bible in the Book of Revelation.
It says "The third angel sounded his trumpet, and a great star, blazing like a torch, fell from the sky on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water the name of the star is Wormwood. A third of the waters turned bitter, and many people died from the waters that had become bitter". ()
Old Testament
Krystsina Tsimanouskaya

Krystsina Siarheyeuna Tsimanouskaya or Kristina Sergeyevna Timanovskaya (, Lacinka: Kryscina Siarhiejeuna Cimanouskaja, ; , ; born on November 19, 1996) is a Belarusian and Polish sprinter. She won a silver medal in the 100 metres at the 2017 European U23 Championships, a gold medal in the 200 metres at the 2019 Summer Universiade and a silver medal in the team event at the 2019 European Games.
2020 Olympics
Tsimanouskaya was about to be part of the 2020 Summer Olympics in the 100 m and 200 m events. Belarus and the country's Olympic committee forced her to run in the 4 x 400 m relay race, even though she did not want to. Belarusian sports representatives just did not make enough doping tests for other 4 x 400 m relay race sprinters. But Tsimanouskaya has never run in this event as a sprinter.
On July 30, 2021, during the Games, she took it to her Instagram and said bad things about the Belarus Olympic Committee. On August 1, 2021, she was taken to Haneda Airport by the representatives of the Belarusian Olympic team against her will. She was forced into taking a flight in Belarus. She was afraid to come back home and did not want to go to Belarus. She contacted Japanese police in Haneda Airport. Japanese police offered her protection. Then she asked for asylum in Poland. Its embassy in Japan took her in on August 2, 2021.
International events
Personal bests
Outdoor
100 metres - 11.04 (+0.7 m/s, Minsk 2018)
200 metres - 22.78 (-1.2 m/s, Minsk 2019)
Indoor
60 metres - 7.21 (Mogilyov 2017)
200 metres - 23.62 (Mogilyov 2019)
Personal life
She is married to sprinter Arseniy Zdanevich. He was afraid of getting in trouble over his wife's words and went to Ukraine in August 2021. Krystsina Tsimanouskaya's parents told Krystsina Tsimanouskaya not to return to Belarus. There was information that Belarusian police locked in on them and Krystsina Tsimanouskaya's grandmother. A Financial Times interview claims she officially worked for the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Belarus with the rank of Lieutenant.
References
Other websites
1996 births
Living people
Competitors at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Belarusian Olympians
Refugees
Sprinters
Reformist socialism

Within the socialist movement, reformism is the view that gradual changes through existing institutions can eventually lead to fundamental changes in a society's political and economic systems.
Socialism
Political movements
Álvaro Noboa

Alvaro Fernando Noboa Ponton (born November 21, 1950) is an Ecuadorian businessman and politician. He was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Noboa has been actively involved in politics, unsuccessfully running for the office of President of Ecuador in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2009 and 2013. In 2007, however, he was elected national assemblyman. In 2013 Noboa ran for office for the fifth time unsuccessfully.
In 1997, already owning 24% of Bonita Bananas, Noboa purchased another 25% of the shares, the holding company for the family business. Presently, he runs the Noboa Group of Companies and Noboa Corporation, with more than 110 companies in Ecuador.
His son, Daniel Noboa Azin, is running for president in the 2023 election and was a member of the National Assembly.
References
Other websites
PRIAN campaign official website
Ecuador's Presidential Election: Background on Economic Issues, issue brief from the Center for Economic and Policy Research
1950 births
Living people
Politicians from Guayaquil
Businesspeople from Guayaquil
Wies van Dongen

Wies van Dongen (30 July 1931 - 25 May 2022) was a Dutch professional racing cyclist. He rode in two tournaments of the Tour de France. Dongen was born in Breda, Netherlands.
Dongen died on 25 May 2022, aged 90.
References
1931 births
2022 deaths
Dutch cyclists
Finnish markka

The Finnish markka, also known as the Suomen markka, or simply markka, was the currency in Finland before Finland started to use Euro. Markka's abbreviation was mk and internationally FIM. There were 100 pennies, (penni, p), to each markka. There were also coupons.
History of Finland
Former currencies of Europe
Mimic octopus

The Mimic octopus (Thaumoctopus mimicus) is a type of octopus that can mimic flatfish, starfish, eels, sea snakes, coral and more kinds of animals. It grows up to be 60 cm (2 feet) in length. It lives off the coast of southeast Asia, and it was discovered in 1998. Its coloring is brown and white stripes or spots.
Diet
The mimic octopus likes to eat small fish and crustaceans.
HABITAT
Mimic Octopus reach about 60cm in length and are typically brown
and white striped for next two years,scientists filmed nine different mimic octopuses,
Thaumoctopus mimics (Norman and hochberg, 2005),impersonating sea snakes,
lion fish and flat fish a strategy used to avoid predetors mimic octupus .
Other websites
Cephalopods
Cape Girardeau, Missouri

Cape Girardeau is a city in eastern Missouri. It is next to the Mississippi River.
Cities in Missouri
Newberry County, South Carolina

Newberry County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 37,508 people lived there. Its county seat is Newberry.
References
1785 establishments in South Carolina
South Carolina counties
Calibration

When doing measurements using a device or tool, it is important to know that this measurement has as little error as possible. There is a process, known as calibration. It consists of doing some measurements, where the outcomes are known, and comparing the mesurements of the device under test with the known values. In many cases, the device under test can then be adjusted to correct these errors. To be able to do accurate measurements, a decice needs to be calibrated regularly.
The reasons to do a calibration include the following:
The device is new, and has not been used before
The device has been repaired, or modified
The device is used at a different location.
After a specified time period has elapsed. Devices need to be calibrated periodically, to stay accurate
After the device has been in use for a long time.
Before or after an important or critical measurement
When the measurements look counterintuitive, or odd; or when they don't match those of other similar devices close by
In general, calibration includes the process of adjusting the output or indication on a measurement instrument to agree with value of the applied standard, within a specified accuracy. That way, a balance or thermometer can be corrected to show the exact value.
Measurement
City of David

The City of David (, Ir David), called in , Wadi Hilweh, is an archaeological site in Jerusalem. It is next to the south-eastern corner of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. The site is attributed to the palace of king David, and includes a water tunnel that was built by the king Hezekiah.
Near the site live Jewish and Arabs.
Other websites
City of David
From Shiloah to Silwan project
City of David, Biblical Archaeology Review
Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem
Archaeological sites in Israel