pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jan Jánský

Jan Jansky (30 March 1873 in Prague,Czech Republic - 8 September 1921 in Cernosice) was a neurologist and psychiatrist. He was the first to divide human blood into the four types (A, B, AB, 0) of the AB0 blood group system. His discovery saved millions of lives.
His life
He studied medicine at Charles University in Prague. From 1899 he worked in a psychiatric clinic. He became a professor at Charles University and a doctor of medicine.
World war I
He served as a doctor for 2 years on the front lines. After suffering a heart attack in 1916, he was dismissed from the army. After that he was in charge of the department of Neurology and Forensic Psychiatry at the Central Military Hospital in Prague.
He suffered from angina pectoris. Jansky died of Coronary artery disease.
Points of Interest
Jansky was a promoter of blood donations. Donators of Czech Republic or Slovakia receive a medal. In 1953 he was the subject of a movie directed by Martin Fric.
References
Czechoslovak scientists
1873 births
1921 deaths
Deaths from coronary artery disease
Water content

Water content means the amount of water present in a porous substance, such as soil. This term is used in hydrogeology, soil science and soil mechanics. In saturated groundwater aquifers, all available spaces are filled with water. Above a capillary fringe, pore spaces have air in them too.
Gaps between soil particles are called pore spaces or voids. These voids contain various amounts of either water or air. Soil moisture content can be expressed in different basis:
Gravimetric: the mass of water/mass of solid material
Volumetric: the volume of soil/total porosity
The amount of void space within a soil depends on the distribution of particle sizes, and is quantified by soil porosity.
Soil moisture is the water stored in soil from after rain or melted snow soak into the ground. This water can be used by plants in a process called evapotranspiration or it can continue to move deeper into the ground to become part of the groundwater in a process called groundwater recharge.
Related pages
Humidity
Content
Soil
Supercapacitor

Supercapacitor is a type of capacitor that can store many times as much energy as older capacitors. They were developed in the late 20th century. In future electric cars or mobile phones might use supercapacitors.
Electronic components
Liaqat Hayat

Nawab Sir Liaqat Hayat Khan, KCIE (1887-1948) was a British Indian administrator and a Prime Minister of Patiala state in Punjab. He was the son of Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan and elder brother of Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan.
1887 births
1948 deaths
Indian politicians
Punjabi people
Diana Vreeland

Diana Vreeland (September 29, 1903 - August 22, 1989) was a French-American columnist and editor. She worked for the fashion magazines Harper's Bazaar and Vogue, being the editor-in-chief of Vogue. She was a special consultant at the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
References
1903 births
1989 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American editors
Natural disasters in the United States
American columnists
Writers from Paris
Writers from New York City
No-fly zone

A no-fly zone, also known as a no-flight zone (NFZ), or air exclusion zone (AEZ), is a territory or area created by a military power over which specific aircraft are not allowed to fly. Such zones are usually created in an enemy power's territory during a conflict to stop air attacks.
References
Military aviation
Charles Gérard

Charles Gerard (1 December 1922 - 19 September 2019) was a French actor and director. He appeared in more than fifty movies between 1957 through 2019. He worked with director Claude Lelouch in many movies. He was a close friend of Jean-Paul Belmondo for over 60 years. His best known movies were The Toy, Animal and A Man and a Woman: 20 Years Later.
Gerard died on 19 September 2019 in Paris at the age of 96.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2019 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
French movie directors
French screenwriters
People from Istanbul
Bernard Gersten

Bernard Gersten (January 30, 1923 - April 27, 2020) was an American theatrical producer. His career began in the 1960s through the early 2000s. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. From 1960 to 1978, Gersten worked with Joseph Papp as associate producer at the New York Shakespeare Festival. He was an executive producer of Lincoln Center Theater from 1986 until he retired in 2013. In 2013, he won a Special Tony Award.
Gersten died from pancreatic cancer in New York City on April 27, 2020, aged 97.
References
Tony Award winners
1923 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
Businesspeople from Newark, New Jersey
Businesspeople from New York City
Biyer Phul

Biyer Phul is a Bangladeshi romantic movie. It was released in 1999 and directed by Motin Rahman. The movie stars Riaz, Shabnur, and Shakil Khan in lead roles along with Kabori, Amol Bosh, Probir Mitra, Ahmed Sharif, and Misha Swaodagor.
Music
Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul was music director for the film.
References
Other websites
Bengali-language movies
Bangladeshi movies
1999 romantic drama movies
Alveolar consonant

An alveolar consonant is a consonant with the tongue close to the alveolar ridge, which is the part just behind our teeth. Alveolar consonants that are pronounced with the tip of the tongue, like in English, are called apical consonants while those pronounced using the blade of the tongue which is the flat part of the tongue behind the tip, are called laminal consonants. Alveolar consonants in English are , , , , and . The alveolar consonants , the alveolar nasal, and , the voiceless alveolar plosive, are the most common sounds in human languages.
Alveolar consonants in IPA
The alveolar/coronal consonants identified by the IPA are:
Consonants
River Truro

The Truro River is located in Truro, a city in southern Cornwall. It flows from two rivers named Kenwyn and Allen. The Truro River flows into the River Fal, where there is a lot of wildlife. The river valleys surround the city on the north, east and west and open to the Truro River in the south. Flood defences have been constructed around the city (as there was a major flood there in 1988) including an emergency dam and a tidal barrier.
The Truro River has many shipwrecks in it. This is because Truro's laws about who must remove damaged boats are different from other parts of the U.K.
References
Rivers of England
Geography of Cornwall
Crawfordsville, Indiana

Crawfordsville is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
Cities in Indiana
County seats in Indiana
Statenville, Georgia

Statenville is a census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Echols County.
Census-designated places in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Zwarte Piet

Zwarte Piet (, Dutch for "Black Pete"; , , ) is the friend of Saint Nicholas (, , , ) in the folklore of the Low Countries.
The character first appeared in an 1850 book by Amsterdam schoolteacher Jan Schenkman.
Zwarte Piet is black because he is a Moor from Spain. People playing Zwarte Piet usually put on blackface and colourful suits along with curly wigs and bright red lipstick.
Recently, the character has become controversial with many saying it was racist towards people of African descent.
References
Christmas
Folklore
George Radosevich

George L. Radosevich (January 25, 1928 - April 4, 2016) was an American football defensive back. He played for the Baltimore Colts from 1954 through 1956. He played college football at the University of Pittsburgh. He was born in Brentwood, Pennsylvania.
Radosevich died of congestive heart failure on April 4, 2016 in Anderson, South Carolina, aged 88.
References
1928 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Baltimore Colts players
American football players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Ross, California

Ross is a small incorporated town in Marin County, California, United States, just north of San Francisco. It is about west-southwest of San Rafael. The population was 2,338 at the 2020 census. The town is bordered by Kentfield and Greenbrae to the east, Larkspur to the south and San Anselmo to the north.
Ross is named in honor of James Ross, who bought Rancho Punta de Quentin in 1859.
References
Other websites
Town of Ross
1908 establishments in California
Towns in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Archaeognatha

Archaeognatha is an order of wingless insects, also known as jumping bristletails. They are among those insects which changed least during evolution. They first appear in the Devonian period along with the arachnids (Spiders). The name Archaeognatha is derived from Greek Archaeos meaning "ancient" and gnatha meaning "jaw". This refers to the articulation of the mandibles, which has a single condyle, where all higher insects have two. An alternate name, Microcoryphia comes from the Greek micro meaning "small" and coryphia meaning head.
The Order Archaeognatha has previously been combined with the Order Thysanura, or bristletails. Both groups have three-pronged tails with two cerci and an epiproct. Archaeognatha differ from Thysanura in that they are able to use their tail to spring up to 30 cm into the air. Like Thysanura, the body is covered with scales, with a thin exoskeleton that is susceptible to dehydration.
There are approximately 350 species in the two families. They are distributed worldwide, and unusual in the insect world in that they can even be found in the Arctic where they live in leaf litter and rock crevices. They feed primarily on algae, but also lichens, mosses, or decaying organic materials.
There are no species at current conservation risk, though the order is one of the most poorly-studied among insects, and therefore it may simply be that no one has yet recognized that any species are at risk.
Sources
Other websites
Archaeognatha - Tree of Life Web Project
Microcoryphia Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State College Department of Entomology
Insects
User (computing)

A user is a person who uses a computer or network service. Users of computer systems typically have no experience on how the software works.
In order to identify oneself, a user has an account (a user account) and a username (also called a screen name, handle, nickname, or nick on some systems), and in most cases also a password.
A user account allows one to authenticate to system services. It also generally provides one with the opportunity to be authorized to access them. However, authentication does not automatically mean authorization. Once the user has logged on, the operating system will often use an identifier such as an integer to refer to them, rather than their username.
Related pages
Pseudonym
End-user database, a collection of data developed by end-users.
End-user development, a method that allows people who are not professional developers to perform programming tasks, i.e. to create or modify software.
End-user license agreement (EULA), a contract between a supplier of software and its purchaser, granting the right to use it.
Registered user
User agent
References
Computer terminology
Akshay Kumar

Akshay Kumar (born 9 September 1967) is an Indian film actor, producer and Martial artist. Kumar has appeared in over 100 films in Bollywood. He is based in Mumbai. Kumar is known for his hit movies. Kumar recently dubbed for the Hindi version of the movie Transformers: Dark of the Moon. Kumar was the voice actor for the role of Optimus Prime. This is one of the key characters in the film. He did the dubbing role as a gift for his son, Aarav. Optimus Prime was Aarav's favorite character so Kumar did it for free. Kumar was one of the highest paid actor in Bollywood in 2022. He has established himself as a leading contemporary actor in the Hindi cinema. He is also best known for his roles in the Housefull film series.
As a production head
In 2009, Kumar started the Hari Om Entertainment production company. In 2012, Kumar launched his next production house Grazing Goat Pictures. Their first production, OMG! (Oh My God!), had a slow opening, but because of word of mouth it picked up and then was declared a super hit.
Shows he starred in to do the Hindi dubbing of characters
Ninjago - Cole (Black Ninja)
Oggy and the Cockroaches - Dee Dee (who is known as Motu in the Nickelodeon Hindi dub of this show, in the Cartoon Network Hindi dub, his name is Paplu, and in the Sony Yay! Hindi dub, his name is Chagan)
References
Other websites
Akshay Kumar on Twitter
1967 births
Living people
Actors from Mumbai
Altavista, Virginia

Altavista is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Other websites
Altavista town's official website
Towns in Virginia
Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire

are two 2014 Role-playing video games published by The Pokemon Company and developed by Game Freak. It was released for the Nintendo 3DS. Pokemon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire were released on November 21, 2014 in Japan, North America, and Australia. It was released on November 28, 2014 in Europe. The games are a remake of the 2002 Game Boy Advance games Pokemon Ruby and Sapphire.
A trailer for the game was shown at Nintendo's 2014 E3 video. The trailer included new gameplay footage, as well as, the new playable character designs and new Mega Evolutions for Sceptile and Swampert that were not in X and Y like Blaziken was.
Reception
Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire were given positive review. IGN rated the game a 7.8 out of 10. Kallie Plagge of IGN sai that she liked the 3D reinvention of the Hoenn region and online functionality. She was critical of the HMs needed to play the game and the perceived imbalance that favored Water-type Pokemon (she played Alpha Sapphire). She said that "Too much water" was a negative. GameSpot rated the game 8 out of 10. Peter Brown of GameSpot said that he liked the 3D visuals and the super training mechanic but didn't think that the game did not fix general issues in the game formula.
As of June 30, 2015, Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire have sold 10.27 million copies worldwide.
References
Other websites
Official website
Official website (International)
2014 video games
Nintendo 3DS games
Pokemon RPGs
Video game remakes
Video games developed in Japan
Gene Michael

Eugene Richard "Gene" Michael (June 2, 1938 - September 7, 2017), nicknamed "Stick", was an American shortstop, coach, scout, manager and executive in Major League Baseball. He was born in Kent, Ohio.
Michael played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Yankees, and Detroit Tigers from 1966 to 1975. After his playing career, Michael managed the Yankees and Chicago Cubs, and served as the Yankees' general manager. Michael built the Yankees team that became a dynasty in the late 1990s.
Michael died of a heart attack on September 7, 2017, in Oldsmar, Florida at the age of 79.
References
Other websites
1938 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
New York Yankees players
Detroit Tigers players
Chicago Cubs managers
Sportspeople from Ohio
Ælfthryth, wife of Edgar

AElfthryth ( - 1000 or 1001, also Alfrida, Elfrida or Elfthryth) was the second or third wife of King Edgar of England. AElfthryth was the first king's wife known to have been crowned and anointed as Queen of the Kingdom of England. Mother of King AEthelred the Unready, she was a powerful political figure. She was linked to the murder of her stepson King Edward the Martyr and appeared as a stereotypical bad queen and evil stepmother in many medieval histories.
Early life
AElfthryth was the daughter of Ealdorman Ordgar. Her mother was a member of the royal family of Wessex.
940s births
1000s deaths
Kings and Queens consort of England
Satoshi Uematsu

Satoshi Uematsu (, 1990- ) was a Japanese mass murderer, a perpetrator of 2016 Sagamihara stabbings that killed 19 people. He was a 26-year-old (at the time of the incident) man.
Incident
Uematsu used to work at the care home Tsukui Yamayuri En (Jin Jiu Jing yamayuriYuan ). He resigned from working at the facility in February 2016 after having been employed there for over three years.
In February 2016, Uematsu appealed by letter for the legalization of ending the lives of those with multiple disabilities in cases where it was requested by their guardians, and asked for Tadamori Oshima's assistance in delivering his message to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. In it, he wrote, "I envision a world where a person with multiple disabilities can be euthanised, with an agreement from the guardians, when it is difficult for the person to carry out household and social activities." He also wrote that the killings of the disabled would be "for the sake of Japan and world peace" as well as to benefit the global economy and prevent World War III.
In 26 July 2016, Uematsu killed 19 people at Tsukui Yamayuri En by Knives. On 16 March 2020, Uematsu was sentenced to death by the Yokohama District Court, having previously said he would not challenge any verdict or sentence. On 30 March 2020, his death sentence was finalized as he withdrew automatic appeal to the upper courts.
References
1990 births
2016 in Asia
July 2016 events
Hate crimes
Kanagawa Prefecture
Japanese murderers
Living people
Prisoners sentenced to death
Marty Robbins

Marty Robbins (real name Martin David Robinson; September 26, 1925 - December 8, 1982) was an American country singer and songwriter.
He was one of the most famous country singers during his 40 year career. Robbins had many country music hit singles and some of his songs were pop music hits on the radio. During the peak of his music career Robbins won several Grammy Awards.
In 1982 he was elected into the Country Music Hall of Fame.
In addition to his music, Marty Robbins was a race car driver. He drove in many NASCAR races. He was a driver in the 1973 Daytona 500.
Marty Robbins died of heart failure in December 1982.
Other websites
Robbins page at Country Music Hall of Fame
American singer-songwriters
American movie actors
Country musicians
NASCAR drivers
American racecar drivers
Grammy Award winners
Actors from Arizona
Singers from Arizona
Sportspeople from Arizona
1925 births
1982 deaths
People from Glendale, Arizona
Procter & Gamble

Procter & Gamble (P&G) is an American corporation. The company is in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio. It was founded in 1837 by William Procter and James Gamble. It mostly has a wide range of cleaning products and hygienic products.
Before selling Pringles to Kellogg's, P&G's products also included food and drink.
Products produced by P&G include Crest, Ivory soaps, Tide laundry detergent and Prell shampoo. In the 1880s, they created Ivory soap, a product that floats in water.
In April 1985, the moon & stars symbol was removed from its packaging, because its stars resembled "666", the Satan symbol.
In January 2005, P&G announced they were buying Gillette, a company known for making razors and razor blades for shaving. P&G used to make Duracell batteries. The company makes Braun products and Oral-B toothbrushes.
P&G got out of the food business in 2012 when they sold Pringles to the Kellogg's food company. P&G had also sold Jif peanut butter, Crisco shortening and Folgers' coffee.
Procter and Gamble produced and sponsored the first serial dramas during the 1930s. Because of P&G being known for detergents, these serial dramas started being called soap operas. With television in the 1950s and 1960s, soap operas, such as Guiding Light, went from the radio to CBS television. The last P&G produced show, As the World Turns, left television in 2010. The only soap opera partially produced by P&G remaining on air is The Young and the Restless on CBS. From May 1964 to June 1999, P&G produced and sponsored Another World on the NBC network.
References
Companies based in Ohio
1837 establishments
Pharmaceutical companies of the United States
American soap operas
Cincinnati
Born's rule

Born's rule (also called the Born law, Born's rule, or Born's law) is a law of quantum mechanics. It is named after its originator, the physicist Max Born. The Born rule is one of the key principles of quantum mechanics.
It gives the probability that a measurement on a quantum system will yield a predicted result.
Quantum mechanics
U.C. Sampdoria

U.C. Sampdoria is a football club from Genoa.
The club formed from a merger of two clubs ( Andrea Doria and Sampierdarenese ) in 1946. The name is a combination of the former names, the colours show the former teams' colours (blue-white and white-red-black) in a single design.
League title
Serie A: 1
1990/91
Serie B: 2
1933/34, 1966/67
League position
Former position
Italian football clubs
Genoa
1946 establishments in Italy
Kaluga

Kaluga () is a city in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is the capital of Kaluga Oblast. As of 2012, the city has 328,871 people.
History
Kaluga was used in the 14th century as a stronghold against the Tatar people on the southern borders of Muscovy. It later became a seat of provincial administration. In the early 17th century it was devastated by Cossacks, plague, and fire, and in the winter of 1941 it was held by the Germans. It has a wide range of industries, producing turbines, railway equipment, and consumer goods. The city is on the Vyazma-Tula railway near its junction with the Moscow-Kiev line.
Geography
Kaluga is located within western Russia. It occupies an area in the upper Oka River basin southwest of Moscow oblast. Broad, often swampy valleys alternate with rolling hills of the Central Russian Uplands. It is
189 kilometers southwest of Moscow, 880 kilometers southeast of Saint Petersburg and 623 kilometers southwest of Nizhny Novgorod.
Economy
Kaluga Region is one of the most promising regions of Russia to make investments in. The region holds the fifth place in the national rating of investment attractiveness. For a number of years Kaluga Region has been holding the leading positions in terms of industrial output growth rates.
Kaluga Region Government has created all conditions for successful development of both large-scale production facilities and industrial SMEs. Investors, operating in the region, admit that Kaluga Region investment policy meets the highest global standards. The regional legislative and regulatory framework guarantees the safety of investments.
Gallery
Capitals of oblasts of Russia
Golden Ring of Russia
Puncak Jaya

Puncak Jaya is a mountain in New Guinea. It is the highest mountain in Oceania. It is also called the Carstensz Pyramid.
The mountain was first named the Carstensz Pyramid, after Jan Carstenszoon. He was a Dutch explorer who saw the glaciers on it in 1623. Then in 1963 the name was changed to Sukarno Peak by Indonesia, and then later to Puncak Jaya.
Puncak Jaya is thought of by some as the hardest to climb of the Seven Summits. The first people to reach the top were Heinrich Harrer, Philip Temple, Russell Kippax, and Albertus Huizenga, in 1962. An earlier group were first thought to reach the top in 1936. However, at the time it was not known which summit was the highest. They were able to climb two peaks but not what is now known to be the highest one.
References
Mountains of Asia
Geography of Indonesia
Saint-Martin-sur-Ouanne

Saint-Martin-sur-Ouanne is a former commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Charny-Oree-de-Puisaye.
References
INSEE
Former communes in Yonne
Compost

Compost is a type of fertilizer that is made from rotting plants. It is easy and cheap to make, as all it really requires is vegetable waste. The vegetable waste is broken down by bacteria (germs), and made into compost.
Making a compost heap
To make a compost heap, you need some space fairly far from anyone who might have a problem with the smell. The bottom corner of a garden, or some other place a distance from the house is a good place. Compost heaps should also be placed on soil, or grass: a paved yard or concrete are bad places.
The compost heap should not be in a dark or closed corner.
The best base for a compost heap is a layer of sand, bricks or gravel about 1m long by 1m wide. This is not needed, but it can be a good idea. If using bricks, leave spaces to allow the air to move through. It also allows for the water to run away. The best compost heaps have lots of little spaces inside, to allow air to move around.
Once the first layer is down, one can begin adding the waste.
Some good types of waste are:
Vegetable/fruit peels and scraps
Spoiled, rotten or moldy fruit
Cut grass
Leaves
Straw
Sawdust
Eggshells
Adding meat scraps is a bad idea, as they rot slowly, smell bad and attract rats and other vermin. Human or pet feces is also a very bad idea, as this can transmit disease. Waste from plants that have died of disease is also bad. The disease can spread to the plants that the compost is used with.
When making a compost heap, different types of waste should be layered. A layer of cut grass can be followed by a layer of vegetable waste and table scraps.
Watering the compost heap is a good idea, especially in dry areas. The water helps encourage the waste to rot and turn into compost.
In anywhere from 3 to 6 months, the compost will be ready. The compost is ready when it smells like thick earth, with no smell of decay or rot. Of course, if you have been adding waste all this time, the compost will all be at the bottom of the heap, and will have to be dug out.
The stuff that has not rotted can be used as part of a new compost heap.
Other websites
The Look of Compost
Cre, the Irish Composting Association Contains information on composting in Ireland.
Composting Basics Canadian Gardening Magazine
An automatic composter
Fertilizers
Untermerzbach

Untermerzbach is a municipality in Hassberge in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Hassberge (district)
July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election

The July - September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election was to elect Boris Johnson's successor as leader of the Conservative Party.
After the government crisis Johnson announced his resignation on 7 July 2022.
The election was held between 12 July 2022 and 5 September 2022. Liz Truss won and became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Candidates
Declared
Withdrew before voting
The following MPs announced that they would seek the leadership of the Conservative Party but subsequently did not stand, or withdrew from the race, due to insufficient support or other reasons before the first ballot was cast:
Declined
The following Conservative Party politicians publicly ruled themselves out of standing:
Steve Baker, MP for Wycombe (endorsed Braverman, then Truss)
Jake Berry, MP for Rossendale and Darwen (endorsed Tugendhat, then Truss)
Nadine Dorries, MP for Mid Bedfordshire (endorsed Truss)
Tobias Ellwood, MP for Bournemouth East (endorsed Zahawi, then Mordaunt)
Michael Gove, MP for Surrey Heath (endorsed Badenoch)
Matt Hancock, MP for West Suffolk (endorsed Sunak)
Mark Harper, MP for Forest of Dean (endorsed Sunak)
Gillian Keegan, MP for Chichester (endorsed Sunak)
Kwasi Kwarteng, MP for Spelthorne (endorsed Truss)
Esther McVey, MP for Tatton (endorsed Hunt)
Priti Patel, MP for Witham
Dominic Raab, MP for Esher and Walton (endorsed Sunak)
Jacob Rees-Mogg, MP for North East Somerset (endorsed Truss)
Ben Wallace, MP for Wyre and Preston North (endorsed Truss)
Timeline
Results
Opinion polling
Final round
Before 5th round
References
July 2022 events
August 2022 events
September 2022 events
Fosen conflict

The Fosen conflict is an ongoing Norwegian conflict regarding environmentalism on the Fosen peninsula, Trondelag county. The Supreme Court ruled that wind turbines (on Fosen) have been built unlawfully. The Supreme Court ruled in October 2021 that the wind turbines (on Fosen), violate the indigenous rights of the Sami people. The Fosen conflict has resulted in civil disobedience; in 2023, Greta Thunberg and others were blocking entrances to (government) ministries in Oslo; the police moved them out of the way. On March 2, 2023, protesters were blocking entrances to (government) ministries in Oslo; protesters were arrested, brought to ["the central arrest (facility)"] sentralarresten and given a fine. On Svalbard, students at the folk high school protested the visit of the prime minister; and walls at the school, were covered with protests [or messages of protest]. In the afternoon, the president of the Sami Parliament (Norway) and the Minister of Energy had a meeting; they held a press conference, following the meeting; the minister said that he apologised on behalf of the Cabinet (Norway) - for the violation of human rights, that had happened, in regard to [the decisions resulting from the case work,] konsesjonsvedtakene. The same afternoon, the prime minister wrote that today the Cabinet is apologising to the Sami practitioners (at Fosen) of reindeer husbandry (reindriftsamene) , for the violations of their human rights, because of the significant negative impact on those practitioners' opportunities to practice their culture. In the evening, the prime minister met (in a church), with some of the young[er] protesters. Later that evening, the spokeswoman for the protesters that attended that meeting, said that there are "demands of ours" that must be fulfilled immediately; furthermore, a final decision has to be made, and "our demand" is that the wind turbines (at Fosen) be dismantled, and the [use of] the land, returned to the Sami at Fosen, she said. The prime minister invited the Sami practitioners (at Fosen) of reindeer husbandry, for a breakfast (on 3 March); practitioners (from Fosen) and the prime minister and a few other politicians had a breakfast meeting (at Statsministerens kontor). Around 15 minutes after the end of the breakfast meeting, one of the leading protesters, called off the 8-day long protest; however, [a few hundred people,] activists [and supporters] gathered at "royal palace's square" for a sit-down protest that lasted a few hours.
The police have filed reports against 32 protesters; Fines have not been set (as of March 8, 2023).
Activists started (June 26) blocking roads to wind turbines at Roan, Afjord municipality; 4 activists were told (June 29) by police to go away; 2 of those were removed by the police.
Sources
Other websites
Thunberg, wind farm protesters block Norwegian ministries. Reuters. February 28, 2023
Norway court rules two windfarms harming Sami reindeer herders. Theguardian.com. October 11, 2021
2020s in Norway
Lynn Fontanne

Lillie Louise Fontanne (also Lynn Fontanne; 6 December 1887 - 30 July 1983) was a British born and American based actress and major stage star. She and her husband Alfred Lunt won many Tony and Emmy Awards in the 1960s and 1970s.
Fontanne played an actress in the 1924 movie The Guardsman. She played Nina Leeds in the play Strange Interlude in 1928.
Fontanne was born in London, England, UK. She died from pneumonia at 95 in Wisconsin.
Other websites
English television actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
Actors from London
1887 births
1983 deaths
Emmy Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Tropic of Cancer

The Tropic of Cancer (cancer (♋) is Latin for crab) is one of the five major circles of latitude (imaginary lines around the Earth) that are often marked on maps of the Earth. This is the parallel of latitude that is 23deg 26' 22" north of the Equator. At every June Solstice the Sun passes straight overhead on the tropic. This never happens anywhere north of the Tropic of Cancer.
Related pages
Northern Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
Seasons
Solstice and equinox
Equator
Tropics
Tropic of Capricorn
Southern Hemisphere
Arctic Circle
Antarctic Circle
Lines of latitude
Aurora Pita Alonso

Aurora Pita Alonso (15 July 1936 - 7 May 2021) was a Spanish-born Cuban television and stage actress. She was a member of the National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba.
Pita Alonso died in Havana, Cuba, on 7 May 2021, aged 84.
References
Other websites
Pita Alonso at EcuRed
1936 births
2021 deaths
Luigi Fabbri

Luigi Fabbri (23 December 1877 - 24 June 1935) was an Italian anarchist, writer, agitator and propagandist who was charged with defeatism during the World War I. He was the father of Luce Fabbri.
Life and death
Born in Fabriano (Ancona), Italy in 1877, Fabbri was first sentenced for anarchist activities at the age of 16 in Ancona, and spent many years in and out of Italian prisons. Fabbri was a long time supporter of to the anarchist press in Europe and later South America, including co-editing, with Errico Malatesta, the paper L'Agitazione. He helped edit the paper "Universita popolare" in Milan.Fabbri was a delegate to the International Anarchist Congress held in Amsterdam in 1907. He died in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1935.
Works
Life of Malatesta , translated by Adam Wight (originally published 1936).
Malatesta: L'Uomo e il Pensiero
Bourgeoise Influences on Anarchism
Letters to a Woman on Anarchy, 1905
Workers' Organisation and Anarchy, 1906 pamphlet
The School and the Revolution, 1912
Letters to a Socialist, 1913
The Aware Generation, 1913
Dictatorship and Revolution, 1921
Preventive Counter-revolution, 1922
Editor of L'Agitazione
Founded Il Pensiero ("The Think"), Lotta Umana (Uman Fight), Studi Sociale (Social Study)
Contributed to La Question Sociale (Social Question), Pensiero e Volonta, Fede Libero Accordo, L'Avvenire Sociale
Other websites
"Libcom" page on Fabbri
1877 births
1935 deaths
Italian writers
Anarchist communists
Rattiszell

Rattiszell is a municipality in Straubing-Bogen in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Straubing-Bogen
China Girl (1942 movie)

China Girl is a 1942 American drama movie directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Gene Tierney, George Montgomery, Lynn Bari, Victor McLaglen, Alan Baxter, Ann Pennington. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1942 drama movies
1942 war movies
1940s American drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Henry Hathaway
Movies set in Myanmar
Fertile Crescent

The Fertile Crescent is a historical region in the Middle East that includes the Levant, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. These countries on a map together have a shape that is similar to a crescent, so archaeologist James Henry Breasted spoke of the "Fertile Crescent" because he wanted to show the similarities of the cultures of this region in ancient times.
All these lands are watered by important rivers: Nile, Jordan, Euphrates and Tigris. Together they cover some 400-500,000 square kilometers, and the region extends from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea around the north of the Syrian Desert and through the Jazirah and Mesopotamia to the Persian Gulf. These areas are in present-day Egypt, Israel, West Bank, Gaza strip, and Lebanon and parts of Jordan, Syria, Iraq, south-eastern Turkey and south-western Iran. The population of the Nile River basin is about 70 million, the Jordan River basin about 20 million, and the Tigris and Euphrates basins about 30 million, giving the present-day Fertile Crescent a total population of around 120 million, or at least a quarter of the population of the Middle East.
The Fertile Crescent has a very long record of past human activity.
Related pages
Mesopotamia
Ancient Egypt
Middle East
Ancient history
The Doctor's Dilemma (movie)

The Doctor's Dilemma is a 1958 British drama movie directed by Anthony Asquith and was based on the 1906 play of the same name by George Bernard Shaw. It stars Leslie Caron, Dirk Bograde, Robert Morley, Alastair Sim, Felix Aylmer, Michael Gwynn, Alec McCowen, Colin Gordon and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Other websites
1958 drama movies
British drama movies
Movies based on plays
MGM movies
Movies directed by Anthony Asquith
Saint-André-Goule-d'Oie

Saint-Andre-Goule-d'Oie is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
References
Communes in Vendee
Šakiai District Municipality

Sakiai District Municipality is one of 60 cities in Lithuania. Before during the Congress Poland, the area was known as Vladislavov.
Other websites
Cities in Lithuania
Ultrasound

Ultrasound is a type of sound with a frequency higher than humans can hear. This frequency, the upper limit of human hearing, is approximately 20,000 hertz (20 kilohertz).
Hearing ultrasound
Some animals, such as dogs, dolphins, bats, and mice, are able to hear sounds which have a frequency higher than upper-limit of the human ear. This makes them able to hear ultrasounds. Children can hear some high-pitched sounds that older adults cannot hear, as in humans the upper limit pitch of hearing gets lower as a person gets older. This frequency limit is caused by the middle ear that acts as a low-pass filter. If ultrasound is fed directly into the skull bone and reaches the cochlea without passing through the middle ear, much higher frequencies (up to about 200 kHz) can be heard. This effect (sometimes called ultrasonic hearing) was first discovered by divers exposed to a high-frequency (ca. 50 kHz) sonar signal.
Medical ultrasonography is commonly used during pregnancy. Ultrasound is generally thought of as a "safe test" because it does not use destructive ionizing radiation like x-rays.
Ultrasonic cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaners are sometimes mistakenly called supersonic cleaners. They are used at frequencies from 20 to 40 kHz for jewellery, lenses and other optical parts, watches, dental instruments, surgical instruments and industrial parts. An ultrasonic cleaner works by the energy released from the collapse of millions of tiny (microscopic) bubbles near the dirty surface. The bubbles are formed by cavitation and collapse, forming small jets directed at the surface.
Medical procedures
Sound
Hearing
Leon de Wolff

Leon de Wolff (26 September 1948 - 3 January 2014) was a Dutch journalist and media consultant and researcher.
Born in Rotterdam, South Holland, he began his career in 1972 and developed a method to classify journalistic products and improve. He also advised editors and publishers of newspapers and magazines in the Netherlands and Belgium.
Leon de Wolff died from multiple system atrophy (MSA) on 3 January 2014, aged 65, in Lochem, Gelderland.
References
1948 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from multiple system atrophy
Disease-related deaths in the Netherlands
Dutch journalists
Writers from Rotterdam
Arisaka rifle

The Arisaka rifles were the main rifles used by the Japanese military from 1897 to 1945. The most famous models were the Type 38 and Type 99 rifles.
Japanese weapons
Rifles
Rumes

Rumes is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 5027 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 33 North, 03deg 18 East.
References
Municipalities of Hainaut
Blue Collar (movie)

Blue Collar is a 1978 crime drama movie. It was directed by first time director Paul Schrader. It stars Harvey Keitel, Yaphet Kotto and Richard Pryor. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Other websites
1978 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies directed by Paul Schrader
Universal Pictures movies
Movies set in Detroit
WWE Cyber Sunday

Cyber Sunday is a former yearly WWE pay-per-view. It took place at the end of October and takes the lineage of WWE's former Pay-per-view event Taboo Tuesday. In 2009 it was replaced by WWE Bragging Rights.
Cyber Sunday dates and venues
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
2009 disestablishments
2004 establishments
Alpha male

An alpha male is the top-ranking male in a mammalian social group.
Origin
Some animals live in a social structure where the most powerful male in the group is decided by either fights or very aggressive battles that sometimes end in death (in the wild). The current alpha male must defend his position from younger members. When he is too old or not strong enough to win, he loses his position in the group. Sometimes, he will die or be forced to leave the group.
The result of this is that the alpha male usually has more opportunity to mate with the available females. This system developed because strong males will produce young which have a better chance for survival.
Examples
Some animal groups which may have alpha males:
Lions
Apes: chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans
Horses
Deer
Humans
Alpha male can also refer to a high-ranked human in a group. This may be in a business setting or sometimes in other competitive areas, like sports. However, this is an extension by metaphor: humans do not have the same mating system as other social mammals. One reason is that the oestrous cycle in humans is different. This has the result that females may be sexually receptive at almost any time. Also, humans generally pair off, and alpha males do not have exclusive rights over all females in a group, except in rare circumstances.
Ethology
La Grange Park, Illinois

La Grange Park is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village, which is a suburb of Chicago, had a population of 13,579.
References
Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Pemphigus

Pemphigus is an extremly rare skin disease. It happens because the antibodies attack the skin cells. It is an autoimmune disease. It causes blisters and sores on the skin.
There are three types of pemphigus. Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common type. It is more common in Ashkenazi Jews.
Autoimmune diseases
Nelson Nieves

Nelson Nieves (25 December 1934 - 13 January 2021) was a Venezuelan fencer. He competed in the team foil events at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Caracas, Venezuela.
Nieves died on 13 January 2021 in Caracas at the age of 86.
References
1934 births
2021 deaths
Fencers
Venezuelan Olympians
Sportspeople from Caracas
Mikhail Chigorin

Mikhail Ivanovich Chigorin (Gatchina, Russia, 12 November 1850 - Lublin, Poland, 25 January 1908) was a leading Russian chess player.
He was a major source of inspiration for the "Soviet school of chess", which dominated the chess world in the middle and latter parts of the 20th century.
Chigorin was for a while one of the world's top four players. He twice challenged Wilhelm Steinitz for the World Chess Championship. Both matches were held in Havana. In 1889 Steinitz won 10 1/2-6 1/2, and in 1892 by 12 1/2-10 1/2. Chigorin drew an 1893 match with Siegbert Tarrasch in Saint Petersburg (11-11); Tarrasch was probably the world #2 at that time.
Chigorin made a number of contributions to the theory of chess openings. The most important were the Chigorin Variation of the Ruy Lopez (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 d6 8.c3 O-O 9.h3 Na5) and the Chigorin Defence to the Queen's Gambit (1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nc6).
Chigorin gave many lectures, wrote magazine articles and chess columns. He subsidised or otherwise supported a number of periodicals to keep them afloat despite low readership levels. He also founded a chess club in Saint Petersburg and tried for many years to establish a chess association, an attempt that finally succeeded just a few years after his death.
His early death was caused by diabetes, for which there was no remedy at the time.
References
1850 births
1908 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Russian chess players
K. Sankaranarayanan

Kateekal Sankaranarayanan (15 October 1932 - 24 April 2022) was an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Maharashtra from 2010 to 2014. He also was the Governor of Nagaland and Jharkhand. He was a member of the Indian National Congress. He was born in Palakkad, India.
Sankaranarayanan died on 24 April 2022 at his home in Palakkad from problems caused by a stroke, aged 89.
References
1932 births
2022 deaths
Governors of Arunachal Pradesh
Governors of Assam
Governors of Goa
Governors of Jharkhand
Governors of Maharashtra
Governors of Nagaland
Deaths from stroke
The Story of Doctor Dolittle

The Story of Doctor Dolittle is a 1920 book about Doctor John Dolittle and his animals. This book is the first in a series of children's books by Hugh Lofting. The Story of Doctor Dolittle is about a doctor who can speak with the animals in their own languages. He starts treating animals instead of human patients.
The book is set in Victorian England. Dolittle lives in the English village of Puddleby-on-the-Marsh in the West Country. He has many friends, like Tommy Stubbins and Matthew Mugg, the Cats'-Meat Man. His house is filled with animals. He owns a parrot called Polynesia, a pig called Gub-Gub, a dog called Jip, a duck called Dab-Dab, a monkey called Chee-Chee, an owl called Too-Too, and a white mouse named "Whitey". He also owns a gazelle-unicorn cross called "pushmi-pullyu" ("push-me--pull-you") that has two heads, one at the back and one at the front of the body.
The doctor in this first book takes a ship to Africa to cure the animals there.
References
Children's books
British novels
1920 books
George Bernard Shaw

George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 - 2 November 1950) was an Irish writer. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925.
His best known works are his plays, some of which were made into movies. He wrote many plays about political problems, and those plays sometimes gave him enemies. For example, he wrote a play about prostitution, and another about women's rights.
His play Saint Joan was made into a movie in 1957.
His play Pygmalion was made into a movie twice. The first Pygmalion movie won him an Academy Award for the best adapted screenplay, 1938. Later, the play was also made into a musical play called My Fair Lady. The movie based on that musical won 8 Academy Awards in 1964.
Shaw was the first person to win both a Nobel Prize and an Academy Award.
Shaw also wrote musical criticism using the pseudonym (made-up name) Corno di Bassetto (which means: Basset horn).
In 1962, his play Androcles and the Lion was printed in a two-language version. On one side of the book, the text is written using regular English. On the other side, it is written using the Shaw alphabet.
Personal views
Shaw was a vegetarian, did not drink alcohol, and spoke strongly in favor of socialism and women's rights. He was also interested in making the English language easier to spell. In his will, he left money to be used to make a new alphabet. He wanted the new alphabet to have at least 40 letters, so that each sound could be spelled with just one letter.
Shaw delivered speeches supporting the idea of eugenics (selected breeding to improve the human race) and he became a noted figure in the movement in England. He sometimes exaggerated his arguments to an extreme to expose the cruelty that might come from this.
References
Academy Award winning writers
Accidental deaths from falls
Deaths from renal failure
Irish novelists
Music critics
Nobel Prize in Literature winners
Writers from Dublin
Irish playwrights
Royal Society of Literature
Socialists
1856 births
1950 deaths
Irish Nobel Prize winners
Coursan-en-Othe

Coursan-en-Othe is a commune in Aube in north-central France.
References
Coursan-en-Othe
Florian Krüger

Florian Kruger (born 13 February 1999) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre-forward for German club Arminia Bielefeld.
Career
Erzgebirge Aue
Born in Stassfurt, Kruger made his professional debut for Erzgebirge Aue in the 2. Bundesliga on 24 November 2018, starting in the away match against VfL Bochum. He assisted Pascal Testroet in the 2nd minute for Aue's opening goal, with the match finishing as a 2-1 loss. On 5 November 2020, his contract was extended until 30 June 2023.
Arminia Bielefeld
On 23 June 2021, Kruger signed a four-year contract with Arminia Bielefeld for a transfer of EUR1,000,000.
Career statistics
References
Other websites
1999 births
Living people
German footballers
Association football forwards
Head of a Woman (Filippini)

Head of a Woman (also known as Testa di donna) is a 19th-century late impressionist oil painting by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1876, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the Modern art gallery of Novara (inv. n. GG 555).
Description
The painting "Head of a Woman" by Filippini is similar to the painting "Woman with a green dress" of 1877, exhibited at the Exhibition of 19th century Brescia painting in 1934 (cat. No. 330).
Green is one of the most important colors of Filippini, and of great difficulty in the artistic management of its shades.
Related pages
Francesco Filippini
Notes
Bibliography
La Galleria d'Arte Moderna, 1993, p. 144-145, ill.
Francesco Filippini, un protagonista del Naturalismo, Ed. Skira, 1999
Paintings by Francesco Filippini
1870s paintings