pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Signed number representations

Signed Number representations are used to solve the problem of representing negative integers in binary. The problem of trying to store the negative sign (-) of a binary number is that there are no states left to use with which to represent the negative assignment. It is not possible to just use 'off' for minus and 'on' for plus because the computer would have no way of knowing whether it was a digit or a sign.
To overcome this issue computer designers invented two methods for storing negative binary numbers: sign-and-magnitude and 2's complement. These produce alternative representations for signed numbers.
Sign-and-magnitude
Sign and Magnitude works by changing the most significant bit (MSB - the first digit) to a 1 if the number is negative, and reduce the number by one, for example:
0000 0010 (2)
will become...
1000 0010 (-2)
This method of storing negative binary numbers does not work because binary arithmetic won't work.
1's complement
1's Complement works by swapping 1s for 0s and the 0s for 1s for example:
0000 0010 (2)
will become...
1111 1101 (-2)
Much like the sign-and-magnitude method this is easily defined as a negative number because its most significant bit is 1
2's complement
2's Complement is a more difficult way of storing negatives. There are four steps for it:
Your number must not be using the most significant (leftmost) bit. If it is, you need another bit to represent it.
Find the positive binary number (e.g. 8base 10 = 0000 1000base 2).
Swap the 1s for 0s and the 0s for 1s (e.g. 0000 1000base 2 becomes 1111 0111base 2).
This is known as "flipping the bits", or applying logical NOT to the original base 2 representation.
Add 1 (e.g. 1111 0111base 2 + 1base 2 = 1111 1000base 2).
This method is liked because:
It's like sign and magnitude; a negative number starts with a 1 and a positive number starts with a 0.
The binary arithmetic will work.
There is only one value for 0 (0000 0000base 2).
Computer science
Binary arithmetics
Lucheux

Lucheux is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 577 people lived there.
Communes in Somme
David Rocastle

David Rocastle was a football player. He played for the England national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1985-86||rowspan="7"|Arsenal||rowspan="7"|First Division||26||1
|-
|1986-87||36||2
|-
|1987-88||40||6
|-
|1988-89||38||6
|-
|1989-90||33||2
|-
|1990-91||16||2
|-
|1991-92||39||4
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="2"|Leeds United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||18||1
|-
|1993-94||7||1
|-
|1993-94||Manchester City||Premier League||21||2
|-
|1994-95||rowspan="2"|Chelsea||rowspan="2"|Premier League||28||0
|-
|1995-96||1||0
|-
|1996-97||Norwich City||First Division||11||0
|-
|1997-98||Hull City||Third Division||11||0
325||27
325||27
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1988||2||0
|-
|1989||8||0
|-
|1990||1||0
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
|1992||2||0
|-
!Total||14||0
|}
References
Footballers from London
1967 births
2001 deaths
Premier League players
That Lady in Ermine

That Lady in Ermine is a 1948 American musical movie directed by Ernst Lubitsch and stars Betty Grable, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Cesar Romero. The screenplay by Samson Raphaelson is based on the 1919 operetta Die Frau im Hermelin by Rudolph Schanzer and Ernst Welisch. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1948 musical movies
American musical movies
Movies directed by Ernst Lubitsch
20th Century Fox movies
Anson Mount

Anson Adams Mount IV (born February 25, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles such as Cullen Bohannon in the AMC series Hell on Wheels (2011-2016), Jim Steele in the NBC series Conviction (2006), Marvel superhero Black Bolt in Inhumans (2017) and Captain Christopher Pike in Star Trek: Discovery and Star Trek: Short Treks (2019). He also appeared in the movie Tully (2000).
Mount was born in Mount Prospect, Illinois. He grew up in White Bluff, Tennessee. He attended Dickson County High School in Dickson, Tennessee, Sewanee: The University of the South and Columbia University. He married Darah Trang in 2018. As of 2019, he lives in Connecticut.
References
Other websites
1973 births
Living people
Actors from Illinois
Actors from Tennessee
American movie actors
American television actors
Columbia University alumni
Garfield County, Washington

Garfield County is a county in Washington in the United States. The county seat is Pomeroy. At the 2020 census, 2,286 people lived there, which makes it the least populous county in Washington; with about , it is also the least densely populated county in Washington.
References
19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1881 establishments in the United States
Washington (state) counties
Islam in Europe

Islam is the second-largest and fastest-growing religion in Europe. Most Muslim communities in Europe formed recently, but certain areas on the Balkans have a long Muslim history.
Islam entered southern Europe through the invading "Moors" of North Africa in the 8th-10th centuries. Many kingdoms and duchies in Spain, Portugal, Southern Italy and Malta have existed for centuries. After a series of conflicts and wars known as the Reconquista, these areas became Christian. Islam expanded into the Caucasus through the Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century. The Ottoman Empire expanded into southeastern Europe; it conquered large parts of the Byzantine Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. Later, the power of the Ottoman empire faded, and it lost most of its territories in Europe. It collapsed in 1922. The countries of the Balkans still have large populations of native Muslims. Many of these Muslims have become secular.
The term "Muslim Europe" is used for the Muslim-majority countries of Albania, Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Transcontinental countries, such as Turkey, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan have large Muslim populations, as does Russia in the North Caucasus.
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, large numbers of Muslims immigrated to Western Europe. By 2010, an estimated 44 million Muslims were living in Europe (6%), including an estimated 19 million in the EU (3.8%). They are projected to be 8% by 2030. They are often the subject of intense discussion and political controversy created by events such as terrorist attacks, the cartoons affair in Denmark, debates over Islamic dress, and ongoing support for populist right-wing parties that view Muslims as a threat to European culture. Such events have also fueled growing debate regarding the topic of Islamophobia, attitudes toward Muslims and the populist right.
The country where most Muslims live in western Europe today is France, where they account for 12.5% of the population. In the European Union, Bulgaria probably has the largest Muslim population, about 15 % of Bulgarians said they were Muslims.
References
Bibliography
History of Europe
Islam by country
Spain
Clarbec

Clarbec is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Winterhausen

Winterhausen is a municipality in Wurzburg in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Wurzburg (district)
Wittenbach

Wittenbach is a municipality in St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of St. Gallen
Greysouthen

Greysouthen is a village and civil parish in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 508 people living in Greysouthen.
References
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Basse (Gambia)

Basse is one of eight Local Government Areas in the Gambia. About 240,000 people lived there in 2013. It has a land area of 2,069.5 square kilometres.
Local Government Areas of the Gambia
Khadija Arib

Khadija Arib, Arabic: khdyj@ `ryb , (born October 10, 1960 in Hedami) is a Dutch politician. She is a member of the Labour Party (PvdA).
Arib was born near Casablanca in Morocco. She migrated to the Netherlands when she was 15 years of age. She studied sociology at the University of Amsterdam.
She has been a member of the Second Chamber since 1998 (with a short interruption in 2006-2007). She was Speaker of the Second Chamber from 2016 to 2021 (succeeded by Vera Bergkamp).
Khadija Arib is married with three children. She is a Muslim and of Moroccan descent.
References
Bio at Parlement.com
1960 births
Living people
Dutch Muslims
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Moroccan politicians
Naturalised citizens of the Netherlands
Speakers of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Beah Richards

Beah Richards (July 12, 1920 - September 14, 2000) was an American actress. She performed on stage, in movies and on television. During her career, she received two Primetime Emmy Awards for her performances on television.
Richards made many guest television appearances in shows, like The Bill Cosby Show, Designing Women and ER.
Richards was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Emphysema took her life in September 2000. She was age 80.
References
American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from Mississippi
1920 births
2000 deaths
People from Vicksburg, Mississippi
Emmy Award winning actors
Jalan Besar MRT station

Jalan Besar MRT Station (DT22) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line in Rochor planning area, Singapore. The station is under Jalan Besar, at the junction with Weld Road. The station is also called Sungei Road. Sungei Road Thieves' Market was located next to this station, together with Sim Lim Tower.
The station is within five minutes walk of Rochor station on the Downtown Line and Bugis station on both the Downtown Line and East West Line, allowing an out-of-system transfer to those stations and lines. It opened on 21 October 2017.
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Shubra El-Kheima

Shubra El-Kheima () is a city in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. It is the fourth largest city in Egypt.
The city is located on the east bank of the Nile. Muhammad Ali of Egypt built his palace in Shubra El-Kheima.
References
Cities in Egypt
Grillon

Grillon is a commune of 1,686 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Communes in Vaucluse
Kushinagar district

Kushinagar () is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Districts of Uttar Pradesh
Svenska dansbandsveckan

Svenska dansbandsveckan is a dansband music festival. It is held in the Orrskogen folkpark of Malung in Sweden. It is held every Week 29. The event was first held in 1986. Usually the event is opened with the Guldklaven awards being awarded.
In 2012 the event was visited by a total of 50,700 people. That meant a new record had been broken.
References
Other websites
official website
1986 establishments in Sweden
Music festivals
Swedish music
Medusa (biology)

In biology, a medusa (plural: medusae) is a form of cnidarian in which the body is shaped like an umbrella. The other main body-form is the polyp.
Medusae vary from bell-shaped to the shape of a thin disk, scarcely convex above and only slightly concave below. The upper or aboral surface is called the exumbrella and the lower surface is called the subumbrella; the mouth is on the lower surface, which may be partially closed by a membrane extending inward from the margin (called the velum). The digestive cavity consists of the gastrovascular cavity and radiating canals which extend toward the margin; these canals may be simple or branching, and vary in number from few to many. The margin of the disk bears sensory organs and tentacles.
In the class Hydrozoa, medusae are the sexual individuals of many species, alternating in the life cycle with asexual polyps. The medusa form of Hydrozoans are known as hydromedusae. A polyp is the form that attaches to a surface, while a medusa is the form that is free-floating; a species of cnidarian may take each form in a different phase of its life.
The medusa form predominates in the classes Scyphozoa (the common, colourful, large jellyfish) and Cubozoa. Except for freshwater hydrozoans like Craspedacusta sowerbyi, these are the only classes in which medusae appear.
Medusae may have many tentacles with which they catch their prey. Sometimes, people bathing in the ocean are touched by a medusa. Their tentacles are long and thin and covered in venomous stinging cells (known as nematocysts). They inject poison which immobilizes small fish. People who are stung should seek medical attention. There have been some deaths after severe medusa stings.
Related pages
Jellyfish
Cnidarians
en:Medusa (biology)
Clatskanie, Oregon

Clatskanie is a city in Columbia County, Oregon, United States.
Cities in Oregon
Matt Cooke

Matthew David Cooke (born September 7, 1978) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He plays for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Vancouver Canucks, Washington Capitals and Pittsburgh Penguins.
He is known as a pest because of his way of aggravating opponents. He has also faced many suspensions by the NHL. In 2009, He won the Stanley Cup with the Pittsburgh Penguins.
Career statistics
Awards
He won a gold medal with Team Canada in the 2010 World Ice Hockey Championships.
He won the Stanley Cup in 2009. (Pittsburgh Penguins)
References
Other websites
1978 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Minnesota Wild players
Ontario Hockey League players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Stanley Cup champions
Syracuse Crunch players
Vancouver Canucks players
Washington Capitals players
Titot

Titot or Francesc Ribera i Toneu (born June 26, 1967) is a musician and Catalan politician.
Life
Titot was born in Berga, Bergueda, in central Catalonia, Spain. He started the musical group Brams in 1990. In 2000, he started the group Mesclat. In 2006, he started the group Aramateix.
In 2011, Titot was elected councilor in the Berga municipal election on the list of the CUP (Candidatura d'Unitat Popular) party.
Books
Ribera, Francesc. Entestat en la independencia. Ara Llibres, 2008. ISBN 9788492406234.
Ribera, Francesc; Creus, Jordi. Historia de Catalunya al reves. La Magrana, 2012. ISBN 9788482643946.
Ribera, Francesc. L'assassinat de Guillem de Bergueda. Ara Llibres, 2015. ISBN 9788415645634.
References
Living people
1967 births
Spanish musicians
Politicians from Catalonia
2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes

The 2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes were a severe weather event that happened in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens in New York City. Two tornadoes touched down in Park Slope, Brooklyn and Flushing, Queens. It happened between 5:37 PM to 5:57 PM EDT on September 16, 2010. The tornadoes were the second to hit New York City that year, after a tornado that hit Queens on July 25. The stronger of the two tornadoes hit Flushing and was rated an EF1 with winds of up to 100 mph.
The thunderstorm hit New York City during the evening rush hour. It brought strong winds, heavy rain, and hail. The strong winds brought down over 30,000 trees and power lines. In addition to the tornadoes, a macroburst hit Middle Village and Forest Hills in Queens. The macroburst had heavy rain and strong winds of up to 125 mph.
References
Other websites
New Yorkers Document the Storm - New York Times
2010 in New York (state)
2010s in New York City
Brooklyn
Queens (New York City)
Tornadoes in the United States
September 2010 events
Disasters in New York (state)
Hardin, Ohio

Hardin is an unincorporated community in Shelby County, Ohio.
History
Hardin was platted in 1816. The community was named for John Hardin (1753-1792), a Continental Army officer in the American Revolutionary War. Hardin was the county seat from 1819 until 1820. A post office called Hardin was established in 1820, and discontinued in 1909.
References
Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Oleta Adams

Oleta Adams (born May 4, 1953) is an American singer and pianist. Adams began her career in the early 1980s. She gained fame her singing on Tears for Fears's album The Seeds of Love (1989). Her albums Circle of One (1991) and Evolution (1993) were top 10 hits in the United Kingdom. She was nominated for a Grammy for her cover of Brenda Russell's "Get Here". It was a top 5 hit in both the UK and the US. Adams has been nominated for four total Grammy Awards and two Soul Train Music Awards.
References
1953 births
Living people
Singers from Seattle
Marly Sarney

Marly de Padua Macieira Sarney (born December 4, 1932) is a Brazilian socialite and philanthropist. She is the wife of the former President Jose Sarney. She was First Lady of Brazil during the presidency of her husband, between 1985 and 1990.
Sarney married Jose Sarney on July 12, 1952. She was born in Sao Luis, Brazil.
References
1932 births
Living people
First Ladies of Brazil
South American philanthropists
Socialites
The Elders (organization)

The Elders is an international non-governmental organisation of public figures known as elder statesmen, peace activists, and human rights advocates. They were brought together by Nelson Mandela in 2007. They describe themselves as "independent global leaders working together for peace and human rights".
The goal Mandela set for the Elders was to use their "almost 1,000 years of collective experience" to work on solutions for controversial and long-lasting problems such as climate change, HIV/AIDS, and poverty, as well as to "use their political independence to help resolve some of the world's most intractable conflicts".
References
Nelson Mandela
Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean

The Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean ( or Iles Eparses de l'ocean Indien) is the name for five uninhabited islands in the Indian Ocean. They are off the African coast, some are close to Madagascar. There is a weather station on some of these islands. They are administered by France, Madagascar claims some of them.
2007 establishments in Africa
2007 establishments in France
Islands of France
Islands of Africa
Madagascar
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Atolls
Indian Ocean
Dependent territories
Territorial disputes
Uninhabited islands
Nuno Gomes

Nuno Gomes (born 5 July 1976) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Benfica and Portugal national team.
He started his career from Boavista in 1994. In 1997, he changed team and he went to Benfica. In 2000/01 season, he went to Fiorentina and in 2002/03 season he returned to Benfica.
Club career statistics
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="3"|Boavista||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||17||1||||||colspan="2"|-||||||17||1
|-
|1995/96||28||7||||||colspan="2"|-||||||28||7
|-
|1996/97||34||15||||||colspan="2"|-||||||34||15
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Benfica||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||33||18||5||4||colspan="2"|-||2||0||40||22
|-
|1998/99||34||24||2||3||colspan="2"|-||8||7||44||34
|-
|1999/00||34||18||3||1||colspan="2"|-||6||1||43||20
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Fiorentina||rowspan="2"|Serie A||30||9||4||3||colspan="2"|-||||||34||12
|-
|2001/02||23||5||||||colspan="2"|-||6||2||29||7
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="8"|Benfica||rowspan="8"|Portuguese Liga||27||9||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||5||32||14
|-
|2003/04||21||7||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||5||27||12
|-
|2004/05||23||7||5||2||colspan="2"|-||6||3||34||12
|-
|2005/06||29||15||2||1||colspan="2"|-||8||0||39||16
|-
|2006/07||24||6||3||3||colspan="2"|-||12||4||39||13
|-
|2007/08||25||7||2||1||0||0||8||1||35||9
|-
|2008/09||22||7||1||0||1||1||6||1||30||9
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
351||141||25||15||1||1||65||27||442||184
53||14||4||3||colspan="2"|-||6||2||63||19
404||155||29||18||1||1||71||29||505||203
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||2||0
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||9||4
|-
|2001||9||9
|-
|2002||7||1
|-
|2003||3||3
|-
|2004||11||4
|-
|2005||5||2
|-
|2006||7||3
|-
|2007||7||1
|-
|2008||8||2
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
!Total||76||29
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Saint-Martin-du-Var

Saint-Martin-du-Var is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
MacGregor Ward

MacGregor is a ward of Brisbane.
Election results
References
Wards of Brisbane
Hans Schnitger

Henri Carel Willem "Hans" Schnitger (August 5, 1915 - March 2, 2013) was a Dutch field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. Schnitger was a member of the Dutch field hockey team, which won the bronze medal. He played all five matches as forward.
Schnitger was born in Enschede, where he lived until his death on March 2, 2013 from natural causes, aged 97.
References
Other websites
profile
Hans Schnitger's obituary
1915 births
2013 deaths
Dutch Olympic bronze medalists
Dutch field hockey players
People from Enschede
Sportspeople from Overijssel
Carmen Morales

Carmen Morales (10 October 1939 - 13 August 2021) was an Argentine comedic actress. She was born in Buenos Aires. Her career began in 1960. She was known for playing Carmen in the 1973 comedy Los caballeros de la cama redonda. Morales was married to entertainer Gerardo Sofovich. She also appeared on the weekly sketch series La noche del domingo.
Morales died on 13 August 2021 in Buenos Aires from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 81.
References
1939 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Argentine movie actors
Argentine television actors
Argentine stage actors
Argentine comedians
Actors from Buenos Aires
List of National Football League annual passer rating leaders

In American Football, passer rating is a measure of the performance of passers, primarily quarterbacks.
Passer rating leaders
As per the Pro Football Reference and Cold Hard Football Facts.
See also
Passer rating
List of National Football League career passer rating leaders
List of National Football League annual passing touchdowns leaders
List of National Football League annual passing yards leaders
List of National Football League annual pass completion percentage leaders
References
Passer rating leaders
National Football League lists
List of countries in the 2020s

This is a list of countries in the 2020s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2020 and the present day. It contains 209 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states, two associated states, and 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de jure constituents of other powers by the general international community.
Members or observers of the United Nations
Non-UN members or observers
Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
as a whole has no government and no permanent population. Seven states claim portions of Antarctica and five of these have reciprocally recognised one another's claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
The European Union is a sui generis supranational organisation which had 27 (then 28) member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is a former proto-state and current insurgent group in primarily Iraq and Syria among other nations. ISlL used to be considered a quasi-state, but is no longer considered as such.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome and Malta. The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
The Tigray Region is recognized as a region of Ethiopia. Despite being at war with the rest of Ethiopia, it isn't commonly considered a sovereign state and is more of an insurgency or proto-state.
Notes
References
2020s
Lists of countries in the 21st century
Arena da Baixada

The Arena da Baixada is a football stadium and an indoor arena in Agua Verde neighborhood, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. It has a maximum seating capacity of 28,327 people. It is formerly known as Estadio Joaquim Americo Guimaraes. It was named Kyocera Arena for a short period of time (beginning 2005 until April 1, 2008). The stadium opened on June 6, 1914. The stadium is owned by Clube Atletico Paranaense. Its formal name honors Joaquim Americo Guimaraes, a former chairman of Internacional-PR, which was a football club that merged with America-PR. This merger formed Atletico Paranaense. Joaquim Americo Guimaraes started the stadium's construction in 1912. Despite being called an arena, it is technically an outdoor stadium. On May 31 2009, the stadium was made one of the match sites for the Brazil 2014 World Cup.
History
The stadium was built at the previous location of a Brazilian Army powder depot. In 1934, the stadium was renamed Estadio Joaquim Americo Guimaraes. In the 1970s, the original stadium was closed down. After being reopened in 1984 and operating for some years, the old stadium building was demolished on March 26, 1997, right after a construction project of a new arena was announced. In June 1999, the new stadium was built. In 2005, the stadium was renamed Kyocera Arena, after the Japanese company Kyocera purchased the naming rights.
The inaugural match of the old stadium was played on September 6, 1914, when Flamengo beat Internacional 7-1. The first goal of the stadium was scored by Flamengo's Arnaldo.
The inaugural match of the new building was played on June 24, 1999, when Atletico Paranaense beat Cerro Porteno of Paraguay 2-1. The first goal of the stadium after its reinauguration was scored by Atletico's Lucas.
The stadium's attendance record currently stands at 31,740. It was set on December 16, 2001 when Atletico Paranaense beat Sao Caetano 4-2, on the first game of that year's Brazilian Championship finals.
The contract with Kyocera that gave the company naming rights expired in early 2008. It was not renewed, and no new partnership was announced. The stadium went back to its old name, Arena da Baixada.
2014 World Cup fixtures and results
References
Books
Enciclopedia do Futebol Brasileiro, Volume 2 - Lance, Rio de Janeiro: Arete Editorial S/A, 2001.
Websites
Other websites
Kyocera Arena - by Atletico Paranaense official website
Kyocera Arena - by Furacao website
Football stadiums in Brazil
Curitiba
1914 establishments in Brazil
Breakcore

Breakcore is an electronic music genre. It is made of complex rhythms (called breakbeats) and it is usually played quick. The drums are often made from the Amen Break (an unique rhythm) or other breaks.
Electronic music
Muqtada al-Sadr

Muqtada al-Sadr (; born 12 August 1973) is an Iraqi Shia cleric, politician and militia leader. He is the leader of the Sadrist Movement and the leader of Saraya al-Salam.
Muqtada al-Sadr is one of the most influential religious and popular figures in Iraq.
In May 2018, al-Sadr's coalition emerged as the frontrunnner in Iraq's national elections, the first since the Islamic State was declared defeated in Iraq.
References
1973 births
Living people
Iraqi politicians
Iraqi military people
Political activists
Communists
Heather O'Rourke

Heather O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 February 1, 1988) was an American movie child actress who acted in the movie Poltergeist (1982). She also worked in television.
References
1975 births
1988 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from sepsis
Actors from San Diego, California
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Disease-related deaths in San Diego County
Michelbach, Haut-Rhin

Michelbach is a former commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Aspach-Michelbach.
References
Former communes in Haut-Rhin
2016 disestablishments in France
Petrov Val

Petrov Val () is a town in Kamyshinsky District of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It is located on the left bank of the Ilovlya River. It is north of Volgograd, the administrative center of the oblast. The population was
References
Cities and towns in Volgograd Oblast
Helen Slayton-Hughes

Helen Slayton-Hughes (October 30, 1930; December, 7 2022) is an American actress. She played Ethel Beavers in Parks and Recreation. She was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey. Her career began in 1980.
Slayton-Hughes died in her sleep on Wednesday, December 7, 2022 at age 92. Her death was publicly announced by her family on Thursday, December 8, 2022, via Facebook.
References
1930 births
2022 deaths
American television actors
American movie actors
People from Glen Ridge, New Jersey
Actors from New Jersey
Dead Kennedys

Dead Kennedys are a hardcore punk band from San Francisco. The band was led by Jello Biafra. Other original members were Klaus Fluoride, D.H. Peligro, and East Bay Ray. The band plays songs with strong political messages. During the 1980s, they had many fans in the punk rock music scene.
The Dead Kennedys formed in June 1978. In 1980, one of their songs called "California Uber Alles" became popular in the punk music scene. In 1980, they recorded and released a song called "Holiday in Cambodia". That same year, they made their first album, Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables. In the early 1980s, the band toured all over the United States, Europe, and Australia.
In July 1987, the band broke up. After they broke up, they were charged with the crime of obscenity. A person saw the band's album Frankenchrist and complained to the Attorney General for the State of California and to Los Angeles prosecutors. The album included a picture that showed nine penises. In August 1987, the criminal trial ended but the jury could not make a decision. The album was banned from many record stores in the United States.
Discography
Studio albums
Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables - September 1980 (# 33)
Plastic Surgery Disasters - November 1982
Frankenchrist - October 1985
Bedtime for Democracy - November 1986
Extended Play records
In God We Trust, Inc. - December 1981
Singles
California Uber Alles - June 1979
Holiday in Cambodia - May 1980
Kill the Poor - October 1980 (# 49)
Too Drunk to Fuck - May 1981 (# 31)
Nazi Punks Fuck Off! - November 1981
Bleed for Me - July 1982
Halloween - December 1982
Videos
The Early Years Live - July 1987
The Lost Tapes - July 2003
Live at DMPO's on Broadway - February 2004
Farewell Tour Again with Dead Kennedys - May 2014
Other websites
Official site of the Dead Kennedys
Alternative Tentacles - Record Label Launched by Dead Kennedys
1978 establishments in California
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Hardcore punk
Musical groups established in 1978
Musical groups from San Francisco
Musical groups disestablished in 1986
1980s disestablishments in California
Musical groups established in 2001
2001 establishments in California
1986 disestablishments in the United States
The Cheviot

The Cheviot is an extinct volcano and the highest peak in Northumberland at 815 meters (2,674 feet) which is from the Scottish border.
It would have formed 390 million years ago during the Caledonian orogeny, when the mantle crust would melt after an eruption, which may have measured a height of 3,000 meters (10,000 feet) almost the same height as Mount Etna in Italy, and a diameter of 37 miles. during its last eruptions they could have been explosive and violent and the lava could have flowed up to Branxton and Flodden Ridge while the pyroclastics flows up to Coquetdale and Ingram.
Currently, the rest of this extinct volcano has been intensely eroded where several bodies of water would radiate.
References
Other websites
Computer generated summit panorama The Cheviot
Volcanoes of Europe
Northumberland
Hills of England
Fredric Brandt

Fredric Sheldon Brandt (June 26, 1949 - April 5, 2015) was an American physician, researcher, lecturer, author, and radio host. He was known for using the first botulinum toxin ("botox") and fillers. Brandt was also known for his role in the FDA approval of numerous fillers and botulinum toxins for cosmetic use in the United States.
Brandt committed suicide by hanging himself on April 5, 2015 in his home in Coconut Grove, Florida, aged 65. His publicist reported that he had been suffering from depression.
References
Other websites
Dr. Brandt Skincare
1949 births
2015 deaths
Suicides by hanging in the United States
American physicians
American radio personalities
Scientists from Newark, New Jersey
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
Scientists from Miami
Writers from Miami
Educators from Newark, New Jersey
Educators from Miami
Alum

Alum is both a specific chemical compound and a class of chemical compounds.
It means potassium aluminium sulfate, a chemical compound.
It also means a double sulfate salt.
Examples:
Potash alum is potassium aluminum sulfate
Sodia alum is sodium aluminum sulfate
Ammonium alum is ammonium aluminum sulfate
History
Words like "alum" and "potash" were used before modern chemistry developed. The word 'alumen' occurs in Pliny's Natural History (2379 AD). In the 52nd chapter of his 35th book, he gives a detailed description. Different substances were distinguished by the name of 'alumen', but they were all astringents, and were all used in dyeing and medicine.
Notes
Sulfur compounds
Repentigny, Calvados

Repentigny, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Calvados department
Communes in Calvados
Glen Mourning

Glen Leroy Mourning (born March 26, 1987) is an American author. He is known for his book series Crunchy Life and has inspired children and adults all over America. He was born in Danbury, Connecticut and currently lives in Virginia.
Personal life
Mourning was born on March 26, 1987 in Danbury, Connecticut he went to Danbury High School. He is the first in his family to graduate from high school as well as the first to finish college and complete a masters degree. He currently lives in Virginia.
Football career
He gained a scholarship to the University of Connecticut. He also went to the University of Bridgeport. He suffered ongoing injuries during his career at UCONN and was unable to contribute to the team. He then became an educator, author and motivational speaker.
Author career and nonprofit organization
His first Crunchy Life book was written in 2018 named Crunchy Life: Recess Detention followed by many other's. He then started a nonprofit organization named Generation Forward Inc. located in Washington, D.C where he supports minority youth and families in need throughout the country. He now travels around America inspiring children with his books and speeches.
References
1987 births
Living people
Writers from Connecticut
Amount of substance

Amount of substance (also called chemical amount) is a quantity defined by standards to measures the size a group of individual elementary entities, such as atoms, molecules and electrons, along with other particles. The International System of Units (SI) defines the amount of substance to be equal to the number of elementary entities present. The SI unit for amount of substance is the mole (mol). The mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains the same number of elementary entities as there are atoms in of the isotope carbon-12. This number is called Avogadro's number and has the value . It is the numerical value of the Avogadro constant which has the unit (or mol), and relates the molar mass of an amount of substance to its mass.
References
Chemistry
Physical quantity
International Olympiad in Informatics

The International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) is one of the International Science Olympiads. Its primary goal is to stimulate interest in informatics (computing science) and information technology. Another important goal is to bring together exceptionally talented pupils from various countries and to have them share scientific and cultural experiences. Several International Olympiads in Informatics have been organized so far, hosted by a number of different countries.
Overview
References
International science competitions
Aztec Ruins National Monument

The Aztec Ruins National Monument preserves ancestral Puebloan structures in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of New Mexico. This national monument is close to both the town of Aztec and the Animas River. It is about 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Farmington, New Mexico. The Salmon Ruins and Heritage Park, which also has Puebloan structures, is about 9.5 miles (15.3 km) south of the monument.
The Aztec ruins date from the 11th to the 13th centuries. American settlers in the 19th century named them the "Aztec ruins" because they thought that the Aztec civilization built them.
National Monuments of the United States
History of New Mexico
Yotta-

Yotta is the third largest decimal unit prefix in the metric system, denoting a factor of 1024 or ; that is, one million million million million, or one septillion. It has the unit symbol Y. The prefix name is derived from the Ancient Greek (), meaning "eight", because it is equal to 1,0008. It was added as an SI prefix to the International System of Units (SI) in 1991.
Usage examples:
The mass of the Earth is 5,972.6 Yg.
The mass of the oceans is about 1.4 Yg.
The total power output of the Sun is approximately 385 YW.
The observable universe is estimated to be 880 Ym in diameter.
One yottabyte (YB) is a unit of digital information or information storage capacity that contains one septillion bytes or 1,000 zettabytes. The yobibyte (YiB) is a related unit that uses a binary prefix, and means 1,0248 bytes, which is approximately 1.2 septillion bytes.
Related pages
Metric prefix
Googol
References
Other websites
BIPM website
SI units
Romen Theatre

Romen Theatre (Russian: Moskovskii muzykal'no-dramaticheskii teatr "Romen") in Moscow, Russia, is the oldest and the most famous of Romani theatres in the world. The theatre is a key object of Romani culture in Russia, and from the moment of its foundation in 1931, it has been a centre of attraction for Romani artists in Russia.
Roma
Víctor Guaglianone

Victor Guaglianone is a retired footballer from Uruguay. Victor played for the Uruguay national team. He was born on 24 September 1936.
References
Other websites
1936 births
Living people
Uruguayan footballers
Harriet Hageman

Harriet M. Hageman (born October 18, 1962) is an American lawyer and Republican politician. She is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing Wyoming's at-large congressional district since 2023.
In August 2022, Hageman beat incumbent U.S. Representative Liz Cheney in a landslide victory. Her campaign was supported by former President Donald Trump. She was a candidate for Governor of Wyoming in the 2018 election.
References
1962 births
Living people
Lawyers from Wyoming
United States representatives from Wyoming
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Glane, Overijssel

Glane (Low Saxon: De Glaan) is a hamlet in the municipality of Losser, the Netherlands.
It lies in Twente, a region in the Province of Overijssel.
The hamlet borders Germany.
As of 2021, about 500 people were living in Glane.
Settlements in Overijssel
Losser
Bakhshali manuscript

The Bakhshali Manuscript is a mathematical manuscript written on birch bark. It was found in 1881 near the village of Bakhshali in what was then the North-West Frontier Province of British India (now Pakistan). Most of the manuscript is missing, only seventy leaves of birch bark remain.
No-one knows how old it is and different scholars have come up with different dates. Most scholars agree that the manuscript is a copy of a more ancient text.
References
Other websites
The Bakhshali manuscript
6 - The Bakhshali manuscript
Manuscripts
Banded stilt

The banded stilt (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus) is a stilt bird from Australia. It is a type of water bird known as a wader.
The bird gets its name from the red-brown stripe that adults have on their chests. Younger birds do not have them. Its other feathers are pied (black and white) and the eyes are dark brown. The Banded stilt is 35-45 cm tall. It is called the "Flamingo of Australia", and the Rottnest snipe on Rottnest Island. However, it is not related to true snipes.
They spend much of their life looking for food near the ocean in river estuaries and on tidal flats, but they lay eggs in the desert when it rains there. They lay 1-5 eggs at a time. The eggs are white, brown or black eggs. The nests are small holes scraped in the sand or sandy clay. Banded stilts breed on islands created when dry salt lakes fill with water. They come to the lakes to eat the brine shrimp, Paratemia. The eggs of the shrimp can lie in the dry lake beds for many years until the rains fall.
In 200 years of Europen settlement in Australia, people have only recorded banded stilts laying eggs on 20 occasions. In South Australia, where the stilts are listed as a vulnerable species, they have only bred seven times in the last 70 years. In 2010 there was a huge breeding event at Lake Torrens National Park where more than 150,000 birds gathered as the lake filled for only the second time in 150 years. The eggs and chicks are often eaten by silver gulls. In 2000 when the stilts were breeding on Lake Eyre, nearly all the chicks were eaten.
References
Marchant, S.; & Higgins, P.J. (Eds). (1993). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds, Volume 2: Raptors to Lapwings. Oxford University Press: Melbourne.
Birds of Australia
Charadriiformes
Louis C.K.

Louis Szekely (born September 12, 1967) or Louis C.K. is an American comedian, writer, director, editor and actor. He is known for the series Louie. He won two Emmy Awards between in 1999 and 2012.
C.K. was born in Washington, D.C.. C.K. married Alix Bailey from 1995 to 2008. They have two children.
In November 2017, The New York Times reported that five women said that C.K. committed sexual misconduct allegations.
References
Other websites
1967 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from Washington, D.C.
American television directors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Emmy Award winning actors
Webby Award winners
John Latham (judge)

Sir John Greig Latham was an Australian politician, judge and lawyer. He was the Leader of the Opposition and the final leader of the Nationalist Party from 1929 until 1931.
References
Australian judges
Australian lawyers
Leaders of the Opposition (Australia)
Annihilationism

Annihilationism (also called conditional immortality) is something that some Christians believe. People who are annihilationists believe that those who do not go to heaven do not live forever in hell, but instead die and no longer exist. (Annihilationists often believe that people are punished for a period of time in hell before they stop existing). Most Christians are not annihilationists. Famous Christian writers who have written in favor of annihilationism include Edward Fudge, John Wenham, and Clark Pinnock. Christians who have written against annihilationism include J.P. Moreland, Robert Peterson, and Ron Rhodes.
Groups that believe in annihilationism include Seventh-day Adventists and Jehovah's Witnesses.
Christian eschatology
Afterlife
National Film Registry

The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) selection of movies that are believed in need to be preserved because they are very good. The NFPB, created by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992, 1996, 2005, and again in October 2008. The mission is to keep the American cinema heritage alive and safe.
References
1988 establishments in the United States
Entertainment in the United States
Movie industry
Mount Vernon, Kentucky

Mount Vernon is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
Courson

Courson is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Noues de Sienne.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Anochetus pattersoni

Anochetus pattersoni is a species of ant. It was found on December 19, 2005 by S.M.Goodman in Seychelles. It was described by Fisher, B. L. & Smith, M. A. in 2008.
References
Ants
Child Poverty Action Group

The Child Poverty Action Group (CPAG) is a charity based in London that works to alleviate poverty and social exclusion. It was set up in 1965. Its first campaigns were around what were then called Family Allowances. It produces reports about poverty and children.
Frank Field was Director of the Group from 1969-1979. Ruth Lister was director from 1979-1987.
It every year it produces books about the British social security system. They used to be called the National Welfare Benefits Handbook and now the Welfare Benefits and Tax Credits Handbook. 2022 was the 24th with that name.
It takes test cases to court, trying to change the law.
There is a group in New Zealand with the same name.
Other websites
Child Poverty Action Group
References
Social security in the United Kingdom
Charities of the United Kingdom
Dumitru Munteanu

Dumitru Munteanu (3 July 1932 - 20 June 2020) was a Romanian footballer. He was born in Bucharest. He spent his entire career playing alongside his twin brother Anton Munteanu. He played for the national team in 1962. He played with Petrolul Ploiesti from 1956 to 1966.
Dumitru died on 20 June 2020 in Bucharest, aged 87.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Romanian footballers
Abu Kabir Forensic Institute

Abu Kabir Forensic Institute (L. Greenberg National Institute of Forensic Medicine; ) is the only forensics institute in Israel. It is in Tel Aviv.
Other websites
the Abu Kabir Forensic Institute at the Israeli Ministry of Health website (Hebrew)
Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Government of Israel
Forensics
Organizations based in Israel
Wayne Messam

Wayne Martin Messam (born June 7, 1974) is an American businessman and politician. He has been the mayor of Miramar, Florida since 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Messam was first elected to the Miramar City Commission in 2011 before beating Mayor Lori Cohen Moseley in the 2015 election. Messam is also a general contractor and owner of a construction firm.
Messam has been seen as a possible candidate for President in the 2020 United States presidential election. On March 13, 2019, he announced the formation of an exploratory committee for a potential run. Messam announced his candidacy on March 28, 2019. Messam dropped out from the race on November 20, 2019 following low polling numbers, money raised and lack of qualification to any of the debates.
References
1974 births
Living people
2020 United States presidential candidates
American mayors
Businesspeople from Florida
Politicians from Florida
People from Miramar, Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Rances, Switzerland

Rances is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Vaud