pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dev Hynes

Devonte "Dev" Hynes (born 23 December 1985), also known as Lightspeed Champion or Blood Orange, is a British singer, songwriter, and music producer. Hynes was born and raised in Ilford, London. He was a member of the dance punk band Test Icicles from 2004 until the band broke up in 2006. The band released one album.
In March 2008 Hynes published a comic book.
Hynes gave a TED Talk at the Technology, Entertainment, Design conference in Vancouver, Canada about his synesthesia.
Other websites
Tumblr
References
1985 births
Black British musicians
British folk musicians
Living people
Musicians from London
People from Ilford
Kate (text editor)

Kate is a text editor for the KDE desktop environment. The name is an acronym for "KDE Advanced Text Editor." It was first put in the KDE 2.2 release, on August 15, 2002.
Features
The "advanced text editor" part of its name refers to its many abilities. It can do many more things than a simpler text editor, like Notepad, but it does not have some of the important features of a word processor (compare it with KWord). Some important features of Kate include a checker for proper spelling, a thesaurus, and highlighting of computer programming code.
KDE
In Love with a Girl (song)

"In Love with a Girl" is the #1 single by Gavin DeGraw on the album Gavin DeGraw. In Love with a Girl was released February 2008.
Charts
References
2008 songs
Snow skin mooncake

Snow skin mooncake (Also known as Snowy mooncake, Ice skin mooncake or Crystal mooncake) is a Chinese food which is often eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival. A bakery in Hong Kong created snow skin mooncakes in 1989.
Snow skin mooncake is not baked. Traditional mooncakes are made with egg yolks and lotus seed paste. Therefore, there is a lot of sugar and oil in them.
References
Chinese food
Cakes
Biscarosse

Biscarosse is a commune of 12,487 people (2007). It is in the region Aquitaine in the Landes department in the southwest of France.
Education
A campus of the Ecole nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is located at Biscarosse.
Communes in Landes
Numinbah Nature Reserve

Numinbah Nature Reserve is part of the Mount Warning caldera, in the Border ranges of north eastern New South Wales in Australia. Mount Warning is a volcano that erupted more than 23 million years ago. The 892 hectare Reserve is part of the Shield Volcano Group of the World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia listed in 1986. It was added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2007. The park is also part of the Scenic Rim Important Bird Area. It is important in the conservation of several species of threatened birds.
Description
In New South Wales the Reserve is bounded by privately owned land. It includes an area of escarpment rising to over 1000 metres that is part of state border with Queensland. It is intended to be a place where the plants and animals are protected from humans, domestic animals and feral pests.
The vegetation is mostly sub-tropical rainforest with some wet sclerophyll forest. The rare rainforest tree Springbrook leatherwood grows at Burrigan Point.
References
Other websites
NSWNPWS: Numinbah Nature Reserve
Parks and Reserves of the Tweed Caldera Plan of Management (including 2020-12-19 Amendment)
Rainforests
World Heritage Sites in Australia
Protected areas of New South Wales
Forests of Australia
Maria Contreras-Sweet

Maria Contreras-Sweet (born 1955) is a Mexican-American businesswoman and politician. She was the 24th Administrator of the Small Business Administration from 2014 to 2017.
On January 15, 2014, she was nominated by President Barack Obama to join his Cabinet as head of the Small Business Administration. She was confirmed as the Administrator of the Small Business Administration by voice vote on March 27, 2014.
References
1955 births
Living people
Administrators of the Small Business Administration
Mexican businesspeople
Businesspeople from California
Politicians from California
People from Guadalajara
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Cephalosporin

The cephalosporins (sg. are a group of antibiotics similar to penicillin that was originally made from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as Cephalosporium.
They are used to treat many infections caused by bacteria.
References
Antibiotics
Nancy, France

Nancy is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in the Grand Est region. It was formerly the capital of the old Duchy of Lorraine.
Nancy has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Education
Ecole pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies
ICN Business School
Sister cities
Nancy is twinned with:
Departmental capitals in France
Annoix

Annoix () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. It has a population of around 237 as of January 2019.
Population
References
Communes in Cher
Eight Days a Week

"Eight Days a Week" is a 1965 song by The Beatles. It is from their fourth studio album Beatles for Sale. It topped the single charts in the United States, Belgium, Canada and the Netherlands. It also provided the title of Ron Howard's 2016 movie The Beatles: Eight Days a Week.
References
1965 songs
The Beatles songs
Rock songs
Azita Raji

Azita Raji (, September 29, 1961 - February 8, 2022) was an Iranian-born American politician, banker, and philanthropist. She was nominated by President Barack Obama in October 2014 to serve as the United States Ambassador to Sweden. She was confirmed by the United States Senate in February 2016. Her term ended on January 20, 2017.
In 2016, Raji read Bob Dylan's letter to the Nobel Committee on his behalf in Stockholm, in recognition of Dylan being awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Raji died on February 8, 2022 in California after a short-illness at the age of 60.
References
1961 births
2022 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States
American philanthropists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Iranian politicians
Iranian businesspeople
Politicians from California
Businesspeople from California
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Disease-related deaths in California
Jerry Rawlings

Jerry John Rawlings (22 June 1947 - 12 November 2020) was a Ghanaian politician and military official. He served as the 1st President of the Fourth Republic Ghana serving from 1993 to 2001.
Rawlings died at a hospital in Accra on 12 November 2020 from COVID-19, aged 73.
References
Other websites
Flight Lieutenant Jeremiah John Rawlings
Official Website
Biography of Jerry J. Rawlings at Encyclopaedia Britannica
1947 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana
Presidents of Ghana
Former dictators
Generals
Proxy war

A proxy war, or proxy warfare, is a war in which opposite sides use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly. States sometimes use less powerful states as proxies but more often use violent non-state actors, mercenaries, and other third parties, such as during a civil war. They may give their proxies money, weapons, training, or other help. The hope is to strike an opponent without a full-scale war, especially one that could involve the nuclear bomb.
The United States and the Soviet Union used many proxies to fight each other during the Cold War. Both sides tried to increase their influence and to decrease the other's influence.
War
Goichi Ishitani

is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||4||0||||||||||||
|-
|2001||8||0||||||||||||
12||0||||||||||||
12||0||||||||||||
|}
References
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Kagoshima Prefecture
Hinata Miyazawa

is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Miyazawa was born in Minamiashigara on November 28, 1999. After graduating from Seisa Kokusai High School, she joined Nippon TV Beleza (later Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza) in 2018. She was selected Best Young Player Award in 2018 season. In 2021, she moved to Mynavi Sendai.
In September 2016, Miyazawa was selected the Japan U-17 national team for 2016 U-17 World Cup. She played at all 6 matches and Japan won the 2nd place. In August 2018, she was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2018 U-20 World Cup. She played at all 6 matches. At final against Spain, she scored an opening goal and Japan won the championship.
November 11, 2018, she debuted for the Japan national team against Norway.
Miyazawa was the top scorer with five goals at the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2023.
Statistics
References
Other websites
Japan Football Association
1999 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza players
Mynavi Sendai Ladies players
Association football midfielders
Japan international footballers
Tokyo Verdy players
Azerbaijani Footballer of the Year

Azerbaijani Footballer of the Year is an yearly title awarded to the best Azerbaijani football (soccer) player of the year. The award has been given since 1991, and the winner is elected by authorized journalists from the leading Azerbaijani sport media. On the same occasion, an award is also given for Azerbaijani Football Goalkeeper of the Year since 2009. However, this award is not always given every year.
History
The same year the Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan was founded, an award for the best Azerbaijani Footballer of the Year began being given every year. The first award was given to former Azerbaijan national football team striker Samir Alakbarov in 1991, and was further awarded in succession in 1992 and 1993. The Azerbaijan national football team captain Rashad Sadygov has the most number of awards at six. The striker Vagif Javadov became the youngest player to win the award in 2009 at the age of 20. The midfielder Mahmud Gurbanov became the oldest player to win the award in 2007 at the age of 34. The award was not given in 1995.
The first Azerbaijani Football Goalkeeper of the Year award was given to Kamran Agayev in 2009, and was further awarded in succession in 2011 and 2012. Both awards are given at the end of the football season.
List of Azerbaijani Footballer of the Year recipients
Number of awards per player
List of Azerbaijani Football Goalkeeper of the Year recipients
References
1991 establishments in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani awards
Azerbaijani footballers
Piece of Me

"Piece of Me" is a 2007 pop single performed by Britney Spears. It is about a response to media scrutiny in Spears' life.
The song was from her fifth studio album Blackout. It peaked at #18 on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached #1 on certain other charts.
The song was released on November 27, 2007.
2007 songs
Britney Spears songs
Dersim rebellion

Are the various rebellions against Ottomans and Turkey in the Dersim region
Various rebellions took place in the region in the 1877, 1885, 1892, 1907, 1911, 1914 and 1916. The last one was published in 1938.
Background
At the time of the establishment of the Safavid Empire, Shi'ism, the official sect of the Safavid Empire, had been able to spread to Dersim in a favourable manner. The Kurds of Dersim showed favour towards Shah Isma'il I and agreed to cede the fortress of Kemah to Isma'il as a military base to facilitate the military movements of the Safavids, on condition that their sovereignty and independence would be respected by Isma'il. Although the Ottoman presence began to be felt in the region after Mehmed II the Conqueror defeated the Aq Qoyunlu in 1473, its incorporation into the Ottoman lands took place after the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514 during the reign of Selim the Grim. However, the harsh and rugged geographical structure of this place caused it to be in the hands of local administrators from time to time, away from state control. They displayed a rebellious situation during the weak periods of the central administrations. Even in 1895 between 1897, many Armenian fedayis took refuge in Dersim and benefited from the baht (of asylum) of the Dersimites and were able to protect themselves against the bathtubs of the Turkish sultanate administration.
References
Sources
Hati

In Norse mythology, Hati is a wolf that chases the moon (Mani) through the sky every day, trying to eat him. Hati has a sister, Skoll, who chases Sol, the sun. At Ragnarok, both Hati and Skoll will succeed in their quests.
Norse mythology
Dorothee Wilms

Dorothee Wilms (born October 11, 1929) is a German politician. She was born in Grevenbroich, Germany. From 1982 to 1987 she was the Federal Minister for Education and Science. From 1987 to 1991, Wilms was the Federal Minister for Inner-German relations.
References
1929 births
Living people
German politicians
Druk Tsenden

"Druk Tsenden" (, ; "The Thunder Dragon Kingdom") is the national anthem of Bhutan. The lyrics were written by Gyaldun Dasho Thinley Dorji and the melody was composed by Aku Tongmi. The anthem was adopted in 1953.
Lyrics
The words are in the Constitution of Bhutan.
References
Asian anthems
1953 works
National symbols of Bhutan
Caaguazú Department

Caaguazu () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Coronel Oviedo. Its ISO 3166-2 code is PY-05.
History
In 1712, Gregorio Bazan de Pedraza founded the town of Villa de San Isidro Labrador de Curuguaty, followed by Ybytimi in 1715, San Joaquin in 1746, and Carayao in 1770.
The department was created in 1906 with the name of Yhu; the town of Yhu was named as the capital of the department. Other towns were Ajos (present day Coronel Oviedo), Carayao, San Joaquin and Caaguazu. Upon territorial reorganization in 1945, it was given the name of Caaguazu.
Its present limits were defined in 1973.
Geography
The Caaguazu department is in middle of the Oriental region. It has an area of , of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 is 484,177 for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The Caaguazu mountain range crosses the department from the north to the south. The main river in the department, and of Paraguay, is the Paraguay.
Limits
To the north: San Pedro and Canindeyu departments.
To the east: Alto Parana department.
To the south: Guaira and Caazapa departments.
To the west: Cordillera and Paraguari departments.
Climate
, the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Coronel Oviedo was . The month with the most precipitation was April with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with .
The average temperature for the year 2012 in Coronel Oviedo was . The warmest month, on average, was December with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .
Districts
The department is divided in 22 districts:
Related pages
Departments of Paraguay
ISO 3166-2:PY
References
Other websites
Portal de Caaguazu
Statoids - Departments of Paraguay
Departments of Paraguay
Ranjit Singh Ahir

Ranjit Singh Ahir (also known as Ranjit Ram) was one of the commanders of rebel army in the Indian rebellion of 1857 in Bihar, he fought against British East India Company under the leadership of Kunwar Singh. He belonged to family of Bihari Yadava of Shahpur-Bihiya Pargana, currently part of Bhojpur district, Bihar.
Early life
Ranjit Singh Ahir was born in 1802 to an Yadava family of Shahpur village of Bihiya Pargana in Bhojpur district. His father's name was Parsanram Ahir.
Since an early age, Ranjit Singh Ahir was working for the British East India Company, he was a Havildar in the first company of the 40th Platoon, his job was to distribute salaries to the soldiers.
Role in the 1857 rebellion
On July 25, 1857, the sepoys revolted in Danapur, Ranjit Singh Ahir also participated in the rebellion, they looted weapons from Danapur and marched off towards Arrah.
Subedar Sitaram, Ranjit Singh Ahir and other rebel soldiers first captured the Koilvar bridge and then marched to Arrah and joined famous rebel leader Kunwar Singh.
References
Frisian people

The Frisians are a group of people of northwestern Europe, living in an area known as Frisia. They are mainly in the Dutch areas of Friesland and Groningen and, in Germany, East Frisia and North Frisia. They are said to be a tall, big-boned and light-haired people with a rich history and folklore.
History
In Roman times
The Frisians were able to make an agreement with the Romans at the River Rhine in 28 CE. Sixteen years later they defeated the Romans under Tiberius at the Battle of Baduhennawood. The Frisii were known and respected by the Romans and were written about by several writers. Tacitus wrote about the Germanic peoples in 69 CE, describing the habits of the Germanic people, as well as listing a lot of Frisian groups by name. Of the many groups he listed, the Frisians are the only ones that have kept their old name.
The Frisians probably used boats. The North Sea from Britain to Eastern Denmark, was called Mare Frisia at that time. Small groups of Frisians settled the lands around them and their homes have been found in England, Scotland, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, France and The Netherlands.
Their land followed the edge of the North Sea from the mouth of the Rhine river up to that of the Ems. The Ems was the eastern edge of their land according to Ptolemy's Geographica.
In the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons went through Frisian territory to invade Great Britain. A lot of Frisians moved with them. The Frisians who stayed in Europe moved into the lands where the Anglo-Saxons used to live.
Famous Frisians
Frisian language
Wijerd Jelckama
M.C. Escher
Mata Hari
Pier Gerlofs Donia
Doutzen Kroes
Related pages
Frisia
References
Other websites
The Frisian Meeting Place
Germanic peoples
Lower Saxony
Schleswig-Holstein
Ruth Hawney

Ruth Hawney is a British water polo player. She was part of the Great Britain women's national water polo team at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships.
References
Other websites
team-talk-and-an-audience-with-bill-the-bargaining-begins The Times.
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
British water polo players
Bodhisattva

A bodhisattva is a Buddhist who is on their way to become a Buddha. They have attained a certain level of enlightenment, but decide not to enter Nirvana so that they can continue helping living beings in the world.
The word Bodhisattva can also refer to certain specific bodhisattvas such as Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri and Vajrapani.
Many bodhisattvas made a special vow that defines their personality or method of helping people. For example, Kshitigarbha vowed not to attain enlightenment until there were no more beings in hell. Some Buddhas, such as Amitabha, made certain vows when they were bodhisattvas. He became a Buddha when these vows were fulfilled.
Related pages
Buddha
Bernice Falk Haydu

Bernice "Bee" Falk Haydu (December 15, 1920 - January 30, 2021) was an American aviator. She was a Women Airforce Service Pilot (WASP) in World War II. Haydu remained active in aviation and has been an activist for women pilots into her 90s. Haydu was born in Montclair, New Jersey.
From 1978 to 1980 she was president of Women Military Aviators. She was one of the three surviving WASPs present in the Oval Office in 2009, when Barack Obama awarded the Congressional Gold Medal to the WASPs for their service.
Haydu turned 100 in December 2020. She died a month later on January 30, 2021.
References
Other websites
A photograph of Bernice Falk from 1944, in the collection of the Texas Women's University.
1920 births
2021 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
American aviators
American activists
People from Montclair, New Jersey
Military people from New Jersey
Meriden, Connecticut

Meriden is a city in Connecticut in the United States.
Cities in Connecticut
Bokoshe, Oklahoma

Bokoshe is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Closeted

Closeted and in the closet are metaphors used to describe lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) people who for some reason have not disclosed their sexual orientation, gender identity or intersex characteristics. People who have declared this identity are said to have "come out of the closet."
Reading list
Epistemology of the Closet (reprinted 1992) by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, .
Dossie Easton, Janet Hardy, When Someone You Love Is Kinky, Greenery Press, 2000. .
Other websites
Empty Closets - Coming Out Resources and a Safe Place to Chat
The Human Rights Campaign's Coming Out Guides
The Human Rights Campaign is the leading agency of the National Coming Out Project
LGBT
Metaphors
Say It Ain't So

"Say It Ain't So" is a 1995 song by American rock band Weezer. It is the third and final single from their debut studio album Weezer (The Blue Album). It went to number 37 in the United Kingdom and number 43 in Scotland. It is frequently voted as the best songs by Weezer.
Track listing
Standard CD, 10-inch, and cassette single
"Say It Ain't So" (remix) - 4:17
"No One Else" (live and acoustic) - 3:15
"Jamie" (live and acoustic) - 3:53
All live acoustic tracks were recorded on 99X in Atlanta, Georgia.
References
1995 songs
Weezer songs
Deftones songs
Alternative rock songs
Indie rock songs
Frederick McMahon

Frederick Joseph McMahon (1914 - March 6, 1988) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was a public official in Ontario. As a lawyer, McMahon was best known for defending the bank robber Edwin Alonzo Boyd and his brother Norman in their 1952 trials. He was also reeve of North York, Ontario. Later, he was a provincial judge.
McMahon was born in Toronto. He studied law at Osgoode Hall before joining the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. After his time in the Navy, he began his law practice in the Toronto suburb of North York. In 1945, He moved to the township of North York and begun his law practice.
McMahon was first elected to North York township council in January 1950. In 1952, he ran against reeve Nelson Boylen. He defeated Boylen in an upset victory by more than 1,500 votes. In the campaign, he promised to bring industry to the mostly rural municipality. He also promised to expand the municipal government to match North York's population growth since the war.
McMahon feared that North York was facing bankruptcy. This caused him to support the province's proposal to join with the city of Toronto and its 12 surrounding townships and villages to create Metropolitan Toronto in 1953.
McMahon was re-elected in 1953, 1954, and 1955.
As a member of Metropolitan Toronto's executive committee, McMahon supported the fluoridation of water. He tried to enter provincial politics in the 1955 provincial election. McMahon ran as the Liberal candidate in York Centre. He lost to Conservative Thomas Graham. McMahon did try to be re-elected in 1956.
In 1969, the provincial government appointed McMahon to the bench as a provincial court judge.
References
1914 births
1988 deaths
Politicians from Toronto
Canadian judges
Louis VIII of France

Louis VIII (5 September 1187 - 8 November 1226) was King of France from 1223 to 1226. From 1216 to 1217, he invaded and claimed the Kingdom of England (he was never crowned). This was part of the rebellion by the barons against King John.
Kings and Queens of France
1226 deaths
1180s births
Quintana Redonda

Quintana Redonda is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
Brownsboro, Texas

Brownsboro is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Al-Badr (East Pakistan)

Al-Badar (aal bdr) was a paramilitary force formed in East Pakistan in 1971 by the national Pakistan Army.
Al-Badar means The Battlefield of Badar. The politics of the force were intermingled with jihad, the religious war or holy war of Muhammad 1400 years earlier. However, the war between Pakistan and Bengali separatists was a nationalistic war, not a religious one.
Background
On March 27, 1971, after beginning the Pakistani Civil War, Pakistani military forces needed military support from Bengali nationalists supporters who still wanted to be part of Pakistan, or did not like Indian involvement in the movement; as well as the non-Bengali muhajirs in order to abolish the independence fighters of Bangladesh, the Mukti Bahini, Hemayet Bahini and Kaderiya Bahini.
The Al Badar were formed to find these independence fighters and to be guides as well as co-fighters who were familiar with the local terrain. The force was composed of madrasa students and teachers, Bengali supporters of Muslim League and Jamaat E Islami, and muhajirs coming from non-Bengali part of India.
There were three type of Paramilitary forces Pakistan formed,
1.Razakars: refuges who were came from other parts of India during separation of India and Pakistan, and settled in East Pakistan.
2. Al-Badar: Bengali Muslim Students from Colleges, universities and madrasah, who were loyal to Jamat-e-islami.3. Al-Shams: Bengali Madrasah Students, teachers & supporters of Islamic parties other than Jamat-E-Islami (these smaller parties included Nejam-e-Islami and various factions of Muslim League).
Al-Badar was a very organized par military force among those three forces, with their own hierarchy of organization and reporting system.
Tasks
The Al Badar were given a variety of combat and non-combat tasks including:
Taking part in the operations
Spying against Mukti Bahini
Interrogation
Working as the guides of the regular army
Assassination
Finding and killing Mukti Bahini soldiers
Providing supply line to front army
Abolition
On 16 December 1971, Pakistan unconditionally surrendered. Members of Al-Badr, along with other Razakars, Al-Shams, and Shanti Committee also surrendered to the Mitro Bahini's. As they all were Bengali it was supposed that Bangladesh would treat them as an opposition party, that is they would arrest them and treat them as prisoners of war. However most of them were tortured, killed by Mukti Bahini, or forced into exile from Bangladesh.
References
1971 in Bangladesh
1971 in Pakistan
Bangladesh Liberation War
Neusitz

Neusitz is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Ansbach (district)
Sports club

A sports club is an organization that runs sporting activity. Some of them are amateur. Others are professional. Some sports clubs are only active within one sport. Others participate in two or more sports.
Other websites
Air France Flight 296

Air France Flight 296 was a test flight of an Air France Airbus A320, chartered by Air Charter International, at the air show in Habsheim, Alsace, France on June 26, 1988. The approach was to take place with the plane at 100 feet (33 m), but the plane descended to a lower height than expected and crashed at the end of the runway, killing 3 passengers on board, this being the first fatal accident of an Airbus A320 in the world.
Flight crew
The crew of flight 296 was commanded by Captain Michel Asseline, who was sent to prison for this act and sentenced by the French justice system to 10 months in prison and 10 months of probation.
Accident and Aftermath
As the aircraft approached Habshiem Airfield, the Airbus A320 was prepared for the flyover by Captain Asseline, who was the pilot flying. The first officer then warned the captain of the low altitude of around 100 feet. The aircraft was not stabilized and continued to descend to 30 feet, with an according Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) callout. The aircraft was at a low speed and as the aircraft stabilized itself in a nose up attitude, Captain Asseline called out, "TOGA power, go around track!" The flight crew began a go around and applied maximum go around thrust, as commanded. As the engines reached approximately 84 percent N1, the A320 flew into trees at the end of the runway during the airshow, and burst into flames upon impacting the ground.
The impact and the fire resulting from the fuel fire killed 3 people on board, these being two young children and one adult. During the evacuation of the plane, the passengers left through the emergency exits, while a woman tries to remove a 7-year-old girl from the plane whose seat belt got stuck in her seat, killing both of them. The other child was found dead in the rubble.
Captain Asseline, First Officer Maziere, two Air France employees and the sponsor of the event, president of the local flight club, were charged with the crime of involuntary manslaughter, of the group Captain Asseline was the only one who ended up in jail convicted to 10 months in prison, while the rest ended up on probation.
It was found that the Airbus had actually went against Captain Asseline's flight control inputs and deflected the elevators down to prevent the aircraft from stalling. This later became known as the Alpha Protection system.
Dramatization
The episode "Blaming the Pilot" of the TV series Survival in the Sky featured the accident.
The Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic TV series Air Crash Investigation featured the accident and subsequent investigation in a season 9 episode titled "Pilot vs. Plane" and included an interview with Captain Michel Asseline, survivors, and accident investigators.
The episode "Disastrous Descents" of the TV series Aircrash Confidential produced by WMR Productions and IMG Entertainment, featured the accident and included an interview with Captain Michel Asseline.
References
Other websites
Commission of Inquiry into the accident on 26 June 1988 in Mulhouse-Habsheim (Archive)
Aviation accidents and incidents in the 1980s
Air France accidents and incidents
Jorge Antonio Solis

Jorge Antonio Solis (May 1, 1951 - October 8, 2021) was an American politician and lawyer. He was nominated to be a judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas by President George H. W. Bush in 1991. In 2014, he became chief judge. He retired from the court in 2016. Solis was born in San Ygnacio, Texas.
Solis died on October 8, 2021 in Dallas, Texas at the age of 70.
References
1951 births
2021 deaths
American judges
Politicians from Dallas
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Jesus or a Gun

"Jesus or a Gun" is a 1999 song by American hard rock band Fuel and was the fourth and final single from their debut studio album Sunburn. It went to number 24 in the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.
Track listing
"Jesus or a Gun"
References
1999 songs
Fuel (band) songs
Hard rock songs
Norwegian language

The Norwegian language is the official language of Norway. It is spoken by over four and a half million people, and it belongs to the group of North Germanic languages which are spoken in Scandinavia. These include Swedish, Danish, Icelandic and Faeroese.
Two forms of the language exist: (which means "book language") and (which means "new Norwegian").
History of the Norwegian language
Old Norse
Old Norse is the language that was spoken hundreds of years ago in Scandinavia at the time of the Vikings. It is very similar to today's Icelandic language. This is because many Vikings sailed from Norway to Iceland in order to escape from the rule of the Norwegian kings who were making people pay lots of tax.
Bokmal
During the 13th century the Black Death killed two thirds of the population of Norway. The Danish kings and queens noticed that Norway was weak and defenceless, so they annexed Norway (made it part of Denmark). For hundreds of years Norway was ruled by the Danes. All the rulers, priests, estate owners and noblemen were Danish. Many of them settled in Norway. This is why today's standard Norwegian (Bokmal) is similar to Danish. Norwegians were not allowed to print books in Norwegian. Anyone wanting to study had to go to Denmark or Germany.
In 1814 Denmark lost a war and had to give Norway to Sweden. Then the Norwegians were allowed to have their own university. Gradually the Danish language was mixed up with the Norwegian dialects and became today's Norwegian language. Norwegian and Danish look very similar when they are written, but when they are spoken they sound different. In Danish a lot of the sounds are swallowed.
Nynorsk
During the 19th century a slightly different form of Norwegian was made up by several people. This eventually became known as "Nynorsk." It was based on old forms of Norwegian and dialects. During the 20th century some attempts were made to join Bokmal and Nynorsk into one language, but they did not succeed. Today about one person in nine or ten in Norway writes Nynorsk. Children in school have to learn both forms.
The Norwegian alphabet
The Norwegian alphabet has 29 letters. These are the same letters as the English alphabet plus three extra vowels:
The letters c, q, w, x and z are only used for words that have been borrowed from other languages. However, c and w are more common that q, x, and z, even more common than the letter which is used even in original Norwegian words.
References
Other websites
Sprakradet - Norwegian Language Council
Learn Norwegian Online - Online language course
Bokmal and Nynorsk online dictionary
North Germanic languages
Languages of Norway
Presociality

Presociality is a term which applies to animal behaviour. Presocial animals have close family relationships, more than just sexual interactions with members of the same species. However, they do not form the extreme colonies of eusocial insects, such as ants.
Presocial animals can live together and take care of their young. They may have some division of labor, but they do not have all the three essential traits of eusocial animals, which are:
There are many generations that are alive at the same time.
There is extreme division of labour. Some animals may be specialised for a certain function. Some animals may be sterile.
The older animals cooperate to care for the young.
Presocial behavior is much more common in the animal kingdom than complete eusociality. Examples include canines that live in packs, numerous insects, especially hymenoptera, humans, many birds, chimpanzees, and many other animals that display social behavior.
The concept of presociality can be further divided:
Subsocial: parents interact with young. This applies to all mammals without exception, almost all birds, many reptiles and fish, and quite a few insects.
Parasocial: individuals of the same generation live in a single, cooperative dwelling and interact with each other
Communal: each individual care exclusively for her or his own young
Quasisocial: individuals care cooperatively for all brood; however, all members of the colony are reproductive
Semisocial: a few individuals reproduce, yet the arrangement is not quite eusocial. For example, adult generations might not overlap, the reproductive dominance might be temporary.
Among the Vespid wasps, the pressures of predators and parasites selected subsocial behaviour. It is easier to guard the eggs and grubs when the mother wasp stays in her nest to watch over her larva. More so if other adults stay with her. Then the other adults need to collect more food than just for themselves. And so on. It becomes less likely that parasites will be successful in preying on the nest.
Related pages
Eusociality
Collective animal behaviour
References
Zoology
Ghanashyam Nayak

Ghanashyam Nayak (12 May 1945 - 3 October 2021) was an Indian actor. He had appeared in many tele serials. He was well known for the role of Natwarlal Prabhashankar Undhaiwala in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah.
Nayak died from prostate cancer in Mumbai on 3 October 2021, aged 76.
References
Other websites
1945 births
2021 deaths
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Indian stage actors
Indian voice actors
Cancer deaths in India
Actors from Mumbai
Deaths from prostate cancer
Rodrigo López

Roderigo Lopez (1525 - June 7, 1594) was a physician of Portuguese background. He was tried and executed for trying to poison Elizabeth I. He is believed to be the inspiration for Shakespeare's character Shylock in The Merchant of Venice.
Lopez was born into a family of Jewish origin in Portugal. He graduated from university with a degree in medicine. He went to England where he was appointed chief physician to Elizabeth I in 1586. He knew powerful men at court, and grew rich and respected. He was involved in various court intrigues until convicted of plotting to poison the Queen. He was hanged, drawn and quartered.
Several contemporaries make reference to the trial and execution. Christopher Marlowe mentions it in Doctor Faustus as do Thomas Dekker in Whore of Babylon and Thomas Middleton in A Game at Chess. It is possible that Shylock in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice was inspired by Lopez.
Queen Elizabeth I's physician, Roderigo Lopez, was tried and executed for allegedly plotting to kill the queen in 1594. As a Portuguese double agent, 'Doctor Lopez a Jew' was said to have conspired with the Spanish, England's enemies at that time. He was accused of attempting to kill the Portuguese King Antonio and 'take away Queene Elizabeths life by poyson', in return for 'fifty thousand Crowns'
References
1525 births
1594 deaths
Executed people
Jewish scientists
Physicians
Portuguese scientists
Ralph Macchio

Ralph Macchio (born November 4, 1961 in Huntington, New York)was an American actor. He is best known for his roles in My Cousin Vinny, The Karate Kid, The Karate Kid Part II, and The Karate Kid Part III. He was also in the movie The Outsiders as Johnny.
Other websites
1961 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York (state)
Rolf Maurer

Rolf Maurer (16 April 1938 - 6 June 2019) was a Swiss road racing cyclist. He was born in Hedingen, Zurich. He started his professional career in 1960. In 1964, he won both the Tour de Suisse and Tour de Romandie. He retired in 1969.
Maurer died on 6 June 2019 in Hedingen, at the age of 81.
References
Other websites
Rolf Maurer at Cycling Archives
1938 births
2019 deaths
Swiss cyclists
Henry Huggins (book)

Henry Huggins is the first book in the Henry Huggins book series by author Beverly Cleary. It was published in 1950. The book follows the adventures of Henry Huggins, a third-grade boy who thinks nothing interesting ever happens to him until he meets his dog, Ribsy. There are six books in the Henry Huggins series. They are Henry Huggins, Henry and Beezus, Henry and Ribsy, Henry and the Paper Route, Henry and the Clubhouse, and Ribsy.
Children's books
1950 books
Books by American authors
Del Shofner

Delbert Martin Shofner (December 11, 1934 - March 11, 2020) was an American football wide receiver. He played for eleven seasons with the Los Angeles Rams and the New York Giants from 1957 to 1967 in the National Football League (NFL).
Shofner died on March 11, 2020 in Los Angeles, aged 85.
References
1934 births
2020 deaths
American football wide receivers
Los Angeles Rams players
New York Giants players
Sportspeople from Texas
Beinwil (Freiamt)

Beinwil (Freiamt) is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Gene Hackman

Eugene Alden Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is an American retired actor and novelist. Hackman was born in San Bernardino, California. His parents divorced while he was a child, and he moved from one place to another until he settled finally in Danville, Illinois, where he lived with his English-born grandmother. At the age of 16 he left home to join the Marines, where he served 3 years as a radio operator. Having finished his service, he moved to New York, where he worked in several minor jobs. He then studied television production and journalism at the University of Illinois.
Already over 30 years old, Hackman decided to become an actor, and joined the Pasadena Playhouse in California. It was in that school that Hackman became friends with another person who wanted to be an actor named Dustin Hoffman.
After working hard in many roles he became a well-respected actor. He has won two Academy Awards, and has played many well-known roles.
Filmography
Welcome to Mooseport (2004)
Runaway Jury (2003)
Behind Enemy Lines (2001)
The Royal Tenenbaums (2001)
Heist (2001)
Heartbreakers (2001)
The Mexican (2001)
The Replacements (2000)
Under Suspicion (2000)
Enemy of the State (1998)
Twilight (1998)
Absolute Power (1997)
The Chamber (1996)
Extreme Measures (1996)
The Birdcage (1996)
Get Shorty (1995)
Crimson Tide (1995)
The Quick and the Dead (1995)
Wyatt Earp (1994)
Geronimo: An American Legend (1993)
The Firm (1993)
Unforgiven (1992)
Company Business (1991)
Class Action (1991)
Loose Cannons (1990)
Postcards from the Edge (1990)
Narrow Margin (1990)
The Package (1988)
Bat*21 (1988)
Mississippi Burning (1988)
No Way Out (1987)
Another Woman (1987)
Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987)
Hoosiers (1986)
Power (1986)
Target (1985)
Twice In A Lifetime (1985)
Eureka (1984)
Misunderstood (1984)
Uncommon Valor (1983)
Under Fire (1983)
Reds (1981)
Superman II (19810)
All Night Long (1981)
Superman (1978)
The Domino Principle (1978)
A Bridge Too Far (1977) March Or Die (1977) French Connection II (1975) Lucky Lady (1975) Night Moves (1975) The Conversation (1974) Bite the Bullet (1974) Young Frankenstein (1974) Scarecrow (1973) The Poseidon Adventure (1972) Prime Cut (1972) The Hunting Party (1971) The French Connection (1971) I Never Sang for My Father (1970) Downhill Racer (1969) Marooned (1969) The Gypsy Moths (1969) Bonnie and Clyde (1967) Hawaii (1966) Lilith'' (1964)
Other websites
1930 births
Living people
Actors from San Bernardino, California
Actors from Illinois
Academy Award winning actors
United States Marine Corps personnel
American movie actors
American novelists
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
People from San Bernardino, California
People from Danville, Illinois
San Bernardino, California
Writers from California
Writers from Illinois
Simin Behbahani

Simin Beh'bahani () (June 20, 1927 - August 19, 2014) was an Iranian writer and poet. She was Iran's national poet and an icon to Iranian literature. She was called the lioness of Iran. She was nominated twice for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and "received many literary awards around the world."
Behbahani was hospitalized in Tehran on 6 August 2014. She was in a state of coma until her death thirteen days later on 19 August 2014, aged 87.
Works
The Broken Lute [Seh-tar-e Shekasteh, 1951]
Footprint [Ja-ye Pa, 1954]
Chandelier [Chelcheragh, 1955]
Marble [Marmar 1961]
Resurrection [Rastakhiz, 1971]
A Line of Speed and Fire [Khatti ze Sor'at va Atash, 1980]
Arzhan Plain [Dasht-e Arzhan, 1983]
Paper Dress [Kaghazin Jameh, 1992]
A Window of freedom [Yek Daricheh Azadi, 1995]
Collected Poems [Tehran 2003]
Maybe It's the Messiah [Shayad ke Masihast, Tehran 2003] Selected Poems, translated by Ismail Salami
A Cup of Sin, Selected poems, translated by Farzaneh Milani and Kaveh Safa
Awards
1998 Human Rights Watch Hellman-Hammet Grant
1999 Carl von Ossietzky Medal
2006 Norwegian Authors' Union Freedom of Expression Prize
2009 mtvU Poet Laureate
2013 Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize
References
Other websites
Biography of Simin Behbahani
An International Symposium on The Life and Poetry of Simin Behbahani
1927 births
2014 deaths
Iranian poets
Writers from Tehran
Rachel Miner

Rachel Anne Miner is an American actress. She became known when she played Michelle Bauer on the television soap opera Guiding Light. The soap opera was shown between 1990 and 1995. Her first role in a proper movie was in Woody Allen's Alice (1990). Her acting in Bully (2001) was also praised. She played the lead role in that movie. She also played in other movies.
Today, people also know her for playing Meg Masters in the television series Supernatural. That series ran from 2005 to 2020.
Miner was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 2010.
There were rumours that she would stop her career because of this diagnosis. Despite this, she continued to act. She has since preferred to act as disabled characters.
References
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
People with multiple sclerosis
1980 births
Actors from New York City
American child actors
Stage actors
Vegetarians
Tébessa Province

Tebessa is a province of Algeria. Tebessa is also the name of the capital. Another important city is El Ouenza. Tebessa is only 20 kilometers west from Tunisia border.
Divisions
The province has 12 districts. There are also 28 communes or municipalities.
Districts
Bir El Ater
Bir Mokadem
Cheria
El Aouinet
El Kouif
El Ma Labiodh
El Ogla
Morsott
Negrine
Ouenza
Oum Ali
Tebessa
References
Provinces of Algeria
Joint Task Force 2

Joint Task Force 2 (JTF 2) (French: Deuxieme Force operationnelle interarmees) is the main counter-terrorism and special forces unit of Canada. JTF2 is part of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command of the Canadian Forces.
Military of Canada
Pygmy hippopotamus

The pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) is a large mammal native to the forests and swamps of West Africa. The specific name liberiensis means "of Liberia", as this is where most live. The pygmy hippo is reclusive and nocturnal. It is one of only two living species in the Hippopotamidae family, the other being its much larger cousin the common hippopotamus.
The pygmy hippopotamus has many terrestrial adaptations, but like its larger cousin, it is semi-aquatic. It relies on proximity to water to keep its skin moisturized and its body temperature cool. Behaviors such as mating and giving birth may occur in water or on land. The pygmy hippo is herbivorous, feeding on ferns, broad-leaved plants, grasses and fruits it finds in the forests.
Mammals of Africa
Even-toed ungulates
Derek Minter

Derek Minter (27 April 1932 - 3 January 2015) was a British Grand Prix motorcycle and short-circuit road racer. He rode professionally from 1955 and 1967. In 1958, he in fifth place in the 500cc world championship. In 1960, Minter won the North West 200 race in Northern Ireland. In 1962, he won the Isle of Man 250cc Lightweight TT.
Minter was born in Kent. He was an electrician before becoming a racer.
Minter died on 3 January 2015 at the age of 82.
References
1932 births
2015 deaths
British motorcycle racers
Sportspeople from Kent
Coahuila y Tejas

Coahuila y Tejas (Coahuila and Texas) was one of the constituent states of the United Mexican States.
References
Former countries in North America
Sophism

Sophism can mean two very different things. In Ancient Greece, sophism was practiced by sophists, who were a group of teachers of philosophy and rhetoric. In the modern definition, a sophism is a confusing or slightly incorrect argument used for deceiving someone.
Etymology
The word "sophism" originated from the Greek word sophisma, "sophisma" (from sophizo, "sophizo" meaning "I am wise").
The similar Greek word sophistes, "sophistes" means "wise-ist, one who does wisdom, one who makes a business out of wisdom" while sophos, "sophos" means a "wise man".
History
The ancient Greek philosopher Protagoras
(ca. 490-420 BC) is often said to be the first of the sophists. Others include: Gorgias, Prodicus, Hippias, Thrasymachus, Lycophron, Callicles, Antiphon, and Cratylus.
Plato opposed those sophists because they only abused wisdom for their own interest and refused the truth and justice.
Modern usage
In modern usage, sophism, sophist, and sophistry are derogatory terms, due the influence of many philosophers in the past. Sophism and platonism were rival schools, as enemies of each other.
A sophism is a statement to deceive someone in a debate or conversation. It might be made to seem to make sense when really being wrong, or it might use difficult words and complicated sentences to intimidate the audience into agreeing. An argument ad hominem is an example of sophistry.
A sophist is a person who uses sophisms. Sophistry means using sophisms for subtly deceptive reasoning or argumentation.
References
Philosophy