pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tulku

A tulku (also tulku, trulku) is a Tibetan Buddhist lama who has achieved the ability to consciously determine to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow. The most famous example is the lineage of Dalai Lamas, who are said to be reincarnations of the previous thirteen Dalai Lamas, beginning with Gendun Drup (1391 - 1474). It is held in the Vajrayana tradition that the oldest lineage of tulkus is that of the Karmapas (spiritual head of the Karma Kagyu lineage), which began with Dusum Khyenpa (1110-1193).
In addition to Tibetans and related peoples, Tibetan Buddhism is the traditional religion of the Mongols and their relatives. The Mongolian word for a tulku is qubilgan, though such persons may also be called by the honorific title qutugtu (Tib: phags-pa / Skt: arya), or hutagt in the standard Khalkha dialect.
A recent Chinese word for tulku is huofo (Huo Fo ), which literally means "living Buddha". Thus the term Living Buddha is used to mean tulku.
References
Logan, Pamela (2004). "Tulkus in Tibet" . Harvard Asia Quarterly'' 8''' (1) 15-23.
Buddhism
Saint-Rigomer-des-Bois

Saint-Rigomer-des-Bois is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Since 2015, it became a part of Villeneuve-en-Perseigne.
References
Former communes in Sarthe
Yawovi Agboyibo

Yawovi Madji Agboyibo (31 December 1943 - 30 May 2020) was a Togolese politician. He was Prime Minister of Togo from September 2006 to December 2007. He was National President of the Action Committee for Renewal (CAR), an opposition political party, from 1991 to 2008.
He died in Paris on 30 May 2020 after a short-illness, aged 76.
References
1943 births
Prime Ministers of Togo
2020 deaths
The Prime Radicals

The Prime Radicals is a Canadian 2011-13 children's educational television series.
It is Co-Produced by GAPC Entertainment
Produced In Association With
TVOKids
Knowledge Kids
Access
SCN
CMF FMC
Produced With The Fancai Participation of The
Shaw Rocket Fund
Bell Boardcasting And New Media Fund
And With the Participation of
The Canadian Film Or Video Production Tax Credit
Canadian children's television series
Jessica Sutta

Jessica Lynn Sutta (born May 15, 1982) is an American dancer, showgirl, singer, recording artist, model, and actress. She is best known as a member of the American pop girl group and dance ensemble, the Pussycat Dolls. She left the group in January 2010 to embark her solo career. She is currently finishing up her first solo album. It is expected to be released in 2012. She is currently signed to Hollywood Records.
1982 births
Living people
American dancers
Models from Florida
American movie actors
American television actors
Pussycat Dolls
Actors from Miami
Singers from Miami
Lake City, South Carolina

Lake City is a city in Florence County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 6,675 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in South Carolina
Spiringen

Spiringen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. It has an area of .
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Uri
Phobos and Deimos (mythology)

Phobos (Ancient Greek: Phobos - "fear") and Deimos (Ancient Greek: Deimos - "dread") are the gods of fear and terror in Greek mythology. They were twins, sons of Ares and Aphrodite. The two of them would often accompany their father as he rode into battle on his chariot, alongside Enyo, goddess of war and bloodshed, and Eris, goddess of strife.
Greek gods and goddesses
Zacatecas City

Zacatecas () is a city and municipality in Mexico. It is the capital and largest city of the state of Zacatecas. The name means "people of the grasslands."
References
Capital cities in Mexico
Zacatecas
1540s establishments in Mexico
1548 establishments
Library of Congress

The Library of Congress is the de facto national library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress.
The head of the Library is the Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden.
Roles
The primary function of the Library of Congress is to serve the Congress. The Library welcomes public use of its general reference facilities and endeavors to offer the widest possible use of its collections consistent with their preservation and with its obligation to serve the Congress and other government agencies.The Library of Congress is the largest library in the world, with millions of books, recordings, photographs, newspapers, maps and manuscripts in its collections. The Library is the main research arm of the U.S. Congress and the home of the U.S. Copyright Office.Libraries are important cornerstones of a healthy community. ... College students often use the library when they are home for the weekend or for holidays. And the reference resources in public libraries are usually unavailable elsewhere in the community. The library is a unique and valuable resource.
Gallery
References
Other websites
The Library of Congress website
Buildings and structures in Washington, D.C.
Libraries in the United States
National libraries
1800 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Washington, D.C.
Emil Doepler

Emil Doepler the younger (29 October 1855 - 21 December 1922) was an illustrator, painter and teacher. Today he is seen as one of the people who influenced the Art Nouveau movement. Emil Doepler's father was Carl Emil Doepler. Doepler designed the coat of arms of the Weimar Republic.
Related pages
List of German painters
1855 births
1922 deaths
German painters
German illustrators
A Fever You Can't Sweat Out

A Fever You Can't Sweat Out is the first album made by the rock band, Panic! at the Disco. It was released on September 27, 2005 by Fueled by Ramen.
The album is split in two, with tracks 1 through 7 being played by electronic instruments such as synthesizers and drum machines and tracks 9 through 13 using traditional instruments such as the accordion and organ. Track 8 (Intermission) acts as a link between the two parts, starting with techno-style dance beats before switching to the piano. On the vinyl record version of the album, side A holds songs 1-8 while side B holds songs 9-13, further showing the split in the album.
The album mostly deals with social problems that the band shows on through various songs. Topics such as sanctity of marriage, adultery, alcoholism, prostitution, and religion are seen throughout the album. Guitarist Ryan Ross also relates two of the songs to living with an alcoholic father. The album has sold more than 1.6 million copies in the U.S. alone.
Track listing
"Introduction" - 0:36
"The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" - 2:54
"London Beckoned Songs About Money Written by Machines" - 3:23
"Nails for Breakfast, Tacks for Snacks" - 3:23
"Camisado" - 3:11
"Time to Dance" - 3:22
"Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" - 3:20
"Intermission" - 2:35
"But It's Better If You Do" - 3:25
"I Write Sins Not Tragedies" - 3:06
"I Constantly Thank God for Esteban" - 3:30
"There's a Good Reason These Tables Are Numbered Honey, You Just Haven't Thought of It Yet" - 3:16
"Build God, Then We'll Talk" - 3:40
Bonus tracks
<li>"I Write Sins Not Tragedies (Live in Denver)" (Japanese Bonus track) - 3:46
Credits
Brendon Urie - vocals, guitar, keyboard, piano, accordion, organ
Ryan Ross - guitar, lyrics, keyboard, piano, accordion, organ
Spencer Smith - drums, and percussion
Brent Wilson - bass (Panic now denies he performed on the album but his name is shown in the credits for the album's Notes and Thank Yous)
Additional instruments
William Brousserd - trumpet on tracks 9,12
Heather Stebbins - cello on tracks 8,10,12,13
Samantha Bynes - violin on tracks 10,12
Related pages
Panic at the Disco
References
Other websites
Debut albums
Panic! at the Disco albums
2005 albums
Rock albums
Andreas Kaplan

Andreas Kaplan (born October 5, 1977), Professor of Marketing, is the Dean of ESCP Business School in Berlin and Paris. He is specialized in the areas of social media, viral marketing, and the digital world in general.
Life
Kaplan was born on October 5, 1977 and grew up in Munich, Germany. His mother is Anneliese Kaplan and his father Vincenc Kaplan.
Kaplan holds a Master of Public Administration from the Ecole Nationale d'Administration, an MSc from ESCP Business School, and a BSc from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He completed his Habilitation at the Sorbonne and his Ph.D. at the University of Cologne and HEC Paris.
Kaplan is an executive education advisory board member at Kozminski University.
Research
Kaplan's research mainly deals with analyzing and decrypting the digital sphere. With approximately 30 000 citations on Google Scholar, Professor Kaplan was counted amongst the Top 50 Business and Management authors in the world according to John Wiley & Sons. In 2020, Andreas Kaplan ranked in Stanford study of the world's top 2% of scientists.
In particular his 2010 article "Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media" published in Business Horizons is widely cited and known in the field. This seminal article recurrently achieved first place in Science Direct's annual list of the 25 most downloaded publications across all 24 core subject areas covered in Science Direct and thus was downloaded more often than any other of the approximately 13.4 million papers in the collection.
Publications
Kaplan, A. and M. Haenlein (2019) Siri, Siri in my Hand, who is the Fairest in the Land? On the Interpretations, Illustrations and Implications of Artificial Intelligence, Business Horizons, 62(1).
Kaplan Andreas (2018) "A School is a Building that Has 4 Walls - with Tomorrow Inside": Toward the Reinvention of the Business School, Business Horizons.
Kaplan Andreas M., Haenlein Michael (2016) Higher education and the digital revolution: About MOOCs, SPOCs, social media, and the Cookie Monster, Business Horizons, Volume 59.
Pucciarelli F., Kaplan Andreas M. (2016) Competition and Strategy in Higher Education: Managing Complexity and Uncertainty, Business Horizons, Volume 59(3), 311-320.
Kaplan Andreas M. (2014) European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools, European Management Journal, 32(4), 529-534.
Kaplan Andreas M. (2012) If you love something, let it go mobile: Mobile marketing and mobile social media 4x4, Business Horizons, 55(2), 129-139
Kaplan Andreas M., Haenlein Michael (2012) The Britney Spears universe: Social media and viral marketing at its best, Business Horizons, 55(1), 27-31
References
Other websites
Biography - ESCP Website
French German Business Forum
Complete publication list
1977 births
Alumni of HEC Paris
People from Munich
German academics
Trofarello

Trofarello is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Settlements in Piedmont
Courtesy name

In East Asia, a courtesy name () is a name given to a person when they become an adult. It is also known as a style name. Today, not many Chinese people have courtesy names.
References
Chinese culture
Korean culture
Vietnamese culture
Shadwell DLR station

Shadwell DLR station on the Docklands Light Railway is between the termini of Bank and Tower Gateway to the west and Limehouse to the east. It stands on a viaduct shared with National Rail trains (on the c2c line to Essex), with a single island platform accessed by stairs and a passenger lift (via the entrance on Watney Street). It opened on 31 August 1987 as part of the first tranche of DLR stations. The 1991 Bank extension joins the main DLR line just west of Shadwell.
References
Other websites
Docklands Light Railway website - Shadwell station page
London Travelcard zone 2
Docklands Light Railway stations
Railway stations in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Dravegny

Dravegny is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Nousiainen

Nousiainen is a municipality in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014 about 4,900 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Aura, Masku, Mynamaki, Poytya, Rusko and Turku.
Most people there speak Finnish.
Part of Kurjenrahka National Park is located in part of the area of Nousiainen.
Some villages
Hakola, Heininen, Hyrkko, Kaisela, Kaitarinen, Kallunen, Keskusoja, Kytoinen, Karmala, Koonikkala, Laaleinen, Laihonen, Leinainen, Moijonen, Nummi, Nutturla, Ojankulma, Paijula, Paistanoja, Pakainen, Palo, Papumaki, Puotunen, Rekoinen, Ristimaki, Riukula, Sukkinen, Tappuri, Topoinen, Vastlahti, Kukkola and Mutola
Other websites
Nousiainen website
Municipalities of Southwest Finland
Japanese Boy

"Japanese Boy" is a 1981 debut single by Scottish singer Aneka. It was taken from her self-titled debut studio album Aneka. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland, number 3 in Germany, number 4 in Austria, France and Norway, number 5 in Israel, number 7 in the Netherlands, number 18 in Italy, number 19 in South Africa, number 42 in Canada and number 57 in Australia. It did not chart in Japan and New Zealand.
References
1981 songs
Debut singles
Disco songs
Aly Zaker

Aly Zaker (6 November 1944 - 27 November 2020) was a Bangladeshi actor, businessman, director and writer. He was the owner of Asiatic Marketing Communications Limited. He was born in Chittagong Division, Bengal Presidency, British India.
Zaker was a freedom fighter during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.
He was known for starring in the movies Agami (1984) and Nodir Naam Modhumoti (1996). He also starred in the television series Bohubrihi and Aaj Robibar.
Zaker died at a Dhaka hospital on 27 November 2020 from COVID-19, three weeks after his 76th birthday.
References
1944 births
2020 deaths
Bangladeshi movie actors
Bangladeshi businesspeople
Bangladeshi movie directors
Bangladeshi writers
Stage actors
Television actors
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Robin Jackman

Robin David Jackman (13 August 1945 - 25 December 2020) was an Indian-born cricketer. He played in four Test matches and 15 One Day Internationals for the England cricket team between 1974 and 1983. He was a member of the Surrey side that won the County Championship in 1971, and also played for Western Province in South Africa in 1971-72, and for Rhodesia between 1972-73 and 1979-80.
Jackman died at his home in Cape Town on 25 December 2020 at the age of 75.
References
1945 births
2020 deaths
Indian cricketers
English cricketers
Andy Samberg

Andrew David "Andy" Samberg (born August 18, 1978) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, singer, writer and the lead member of the comedy group, The Lonely Island. He is known for his works in Saturday Night Live, Hot Rod and Brooklyn Nine-Nine.
He is influenced by Steve Martin, Mel Brooks and Adam Sandler. He married Joanna Newsom in September 2013. The couple announced the birth of their daughter in August 2017. In July 2018, the couple gave birth to their son.
References
Other websites
1978 births
Living people
American movie actors
Rappers from California
American stage actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
American voice actors
Comedians from California
Musicians from Berkeley, California
Singers from Berkeley, California
Actors from Berkeley, California
Writers from Berkeley, California
American Internet celebrities
Patti Smith

Patti Smith (born Patricia Lee Smith on December 30, 1946) is an American singer and poet. She was an important member of the punk rock music trend in the 1970s. Her first album Horses was produced by John Cale.
Works
References
Other websites
Official website
1946 births
Living people
American singer-songwriters
American poets
American rock guitarists
Singers from Chicago
Musicians from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Punk musicians
Donald H. Peterson

Donald Herod Peterson (October 22, 1933 - May 27, 2018) was an American astronaut. He was born in Winona, Mississippi.
Career
Peterson was a United States Air Force officer and NASA astronaut. Peterson was selected for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program, but, when that was canceled, he became a NASA astronaut in September 1969.
He was a mission specialist on STS-6 on board Challenger. During the mission Peterson performed a spacewalk to test the new airlock and space suits. He logged 120 hours in space. Peterson retired from NASA in 1984.
Death
Peterson died on May 27, 2018 at his home in El Lago, Texas of Alzheimer's disease and bone cancer at the age of 84.
References
Other websites
1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from bone cancer
Disease-related deaths in Texas
Cancer deaths in Texas
American astronauts
Military people from Mississippi
Scientists from Mississippi
People from Winona, Mississippi
Siamogale melilutra

Siamogale melilutra was an extinct species of giant otter. It is from the late Miocene epoch, from Yunnan province, China. The skull has a combination of otter-like and badger-like cranial features. The new species belongs to the Lutrinae subfamily. Siamogale melilutra was about the size of a wolf. It was estimated to about . This is two to three times larger than any modern otter species.
References
Extinct species
Mustelids
Olympus Has Fallen

Olympus Has Fallen is an American action movie from 2013. It is about commandos from North Korea holding people hostage in the White House. It stars Gerard Butler, Morgan Freeman, and Aaron Eckhart. It was released in summer of 2013.
A sequel, London Has Fallen, was released in March 2016.
2013 action movies
2013 thriller movies
2010s action thriller movies
American action thriller movies
English-language movies
Korean-language movies
Multilingual movies
Movies about revenge
Movies about terrorism
Movies about abduction
Movies set in North Korea
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Drone movies
Movies directed by Antoine Fuqua
Wintersingen

Wintersingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
El buscabullas

El buscabullas (Brawlers) is a 1976 Mexican western drama movie directed by Raul de Anda, Jr. and starring Rodolfo de Anda, Hector Suarez, Silvia Manriquez, Jorge Russek. It was distributed by Cine Vision.
Other websites
1976 drama movies
1970s Western (genre) movies
Mexican drama movies
Agenda, Kansas

Agenda is a city in Republic County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 68 people lived there.
History
Agenda (formerly Neva) was planned out in 1887 on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad line. The name Agenda comes from Latin, meaning ""what ought to be done".
The post office in Agenda was ended in 1998.
Geography
Agenda is at (39.708897, -97.432156). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 68 people, 29 households, and 18 families living in Agenda.
References
Other websites
City
Agenda - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 109, local school district
Maps
Agenda City Map, KDOT
Cities in Kansas
1887 establishments in Kansas
Quo Vadis (2001 movie)

Quo Vadis is a 2001 Polish American drama movie directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz and was based on the 1896 novel of the same name by Henryk Sienkiewicz. It stars Franciszek Pieczka, Pawel Delag, Magdalena Mielcarz, Boguslaw Linda, Michal Bajor, Agnieszka Wagner.
Other websites
2001 drama movies
Polish movies
2000s American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz
Père Lachaise Cemetery

Pere Lachaise Cemetery ( ; formerly , "Cemetery of the East") is the largest cemetery in Paris, France (). More than 3.5 million people visit here every year. It is the most visited necropolis in the world.
The Pere Lachaise is in the 20th arrondissement and was the first garden cemetery, as well as the first municipal cemetery in Paris. There are three World War I memorials in the cemetary.
References
Cemeteries
Buildings and structures in Paris
1804 establishments in Europe
String (music)

A string in music is a string made of steel, nylon, or gut which vibrates on string instruments, such as the guitar, harp, piano, or violin. They are usually under tension to help them vibrate.
Other websites
The vibrations of strings with both ends fixed
Historical types of string
String Tension - technical information on string tension, with tension calculator
String instrument construction
Benld, Illinois

Benld is a city in Illinois in the United States. It is in Macoupin County.
References
Cities in Illinois
Jules Bass

Jules Bass (born September 16, 1935) is an American director, producer, composer, lyricist, and author. He co-founded a film production company in New York. He joined ASCAP in 1963. He was known for his work with Arthur Rankin Jr. in directing The Year Without a Santa Claus. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
References
Other websites
1935 births
Living people
American composers
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
Movie directors from Pennsylvania
Movie producers from Pennsylvania
Writers from Philadelphia
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Heemskerk

Heemskerk is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 39,164 people lived there.
References
Settlements in North Holland
Municipalities of North Holland
Eugene Allen

Eugene Allen (July 14, 1919 - March 31, 2010) was an American waiter and butler. He worked for the White House for 34 years until he retired in 1986. He served eight presidents of the United States. He began working at the White House in 1952. Allen's life was the inspiration for the movie The Butler, released in 2013.
Allen earned the highest rank of butlers serving in the White House. At the Maitre d'hotel in 1981, President Ronald Reagan invited Allen and his wife Helene to a state dinner at the White House. The dinner was in honor of Helmut Kohl.
Allen was born in Scottsville, Virginia on July 14, 1919. He received no formal schooling. He began working as a waiter at a pool club. Allen met his wife Helene in 1942. They had a son, Charles Allen. Helene wanted to vote for Barack Obama in 2008, but she died the day before the election, on November 3, 2008.
Allen died at a hospital in Takoma Park, Maryland, from kidney failure. He was aged 90.
References
Other websites
The Independent: Eugene Allen: White House butler who worked for eight US presidents
1919 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
African-American people
People from Alexandria, Virginia
People from Takoma Park, Maryland
Siemens

Siemens AG () is a company which has its headquarters in Berlin and Munich, Germany. It is the largest electronics company in Europe.
Siemens is a technology company with activities in industry, energy and healthcare. It is organised into six main parts: Industry, Energy, Healthcare, Equity Investments, Siemens IT Solutions, and Services and Siemens Financial Services (SFS).
References
Other websites
Technology companies of Germany
1847 establishments in Europe
1840s establishments in Germany
3 Women

3 Women is a 1977 American drama movie directed by Robert Altman and starring Shelley Duvall, Sissy Spacek, Janice Rule. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1977 drama movies
1970s American drama movies
Movies directed by Robert Altman
Graysville, Alabama

Graysville is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 1,950.
References
Cities in Alabama
Kanchipuram district

Kanchipuram district is a district in the northeast of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The district has a total geographical area of and coastline of . The town of Kanchipuram is the district headquarters. Kanchipuram District had been administered by the Pallavas, Cholas, Vijayanagar rulers and the British before Independence.
Kanchipuram Silk
Kanchipuram district is known for its 'Silk', since it is one of the main professions of the people living in and around is weaving silk sarees. The silk weavers of Kanchipuram settled more than 400 years ago and made it as the producer of best silk sarees in the country.
Population
According to the 2011 census of India, Kanchipuram district had a population of 3,998,252. The sex-ratio was 986 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.
References
Monguzzo

Monguzzo is a comune in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Rossendale Valley

The Rossendale Valley (also called the Forest of Rossendale) is an area North West England, in Lancashire. The area is in Rossendale. It is made up of the steep valleys of the River Irwell and its tributaries. These flow from the Pennines. They then go south into Greater Manchester. They cut through the open moorland. The area has a lot of these, even though a long time ago they were called "forests".
There are two Marilyns in the hills. These are Hail Storm Hill and Freeholds Top.
The geology of the area is layers of gritstone, coal and sand and gravel left behind by glaciers. These rocks were cut by rivers, the Irwell and its tributaries, to make steep valleys. These are 600 feet high. Woodland on the steep slopes includes remnants of ancient woodland but other areas are more recently planted.
The Rossendale Valley is recognised by the steep valley of the River Irwell and its tributaries. Textile mills and chimneys and gritstone houses are what most buildings are. Roads are mostly found in the narrow valley.
The valley was part of the medieval Forest of Rossendale. People living there in the Middle Ages would have been in "booths" or farmsteads and movement into the forest would have turned them into small hamlets.
References
Other websites
Higher Mill Textile Museum
Lancashire
Valleys
Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search

The Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search, or SWEEPS, was an astronomical survey. It was carried out in 2006. SWEEPS used the Hubble Space Telescope to look at 180,000 stars for seven days to find extrasolar planets.
Area looked at
The stars that SWEEPS monitored were all in the Sagittarius-I Window. This is a rare transparent look at the huge group of closely packed stars at the Milky Way's centre (central bulge), in the Sagittarius constellation. Our view to most of the stars in the centre of the galaxy is blocked by lanes of dust. These stars are about 27,000 light years from Earth.
Planets discovered
Sixteen planets were discovered by SWEEPS. They took from 0.6 to 4.2 days to go around the Sun. Planets which took less than 1.2 days to go around the sun have not been detected yet; these have been called "ultra-short period planets" (USPPs) by the search team. USPPs were discovered only around stars with a low mass. This means that larger stars might have destroyed any planets orbiting so closely, or that planets could not move as far inward around larger stars.
SWEEPS-4 and SWEEPS-11 orbited stars that were very different to other stars close by. This made it possible for these to be looked at again using the radial velocity method. Their masses could then be found.
Related pages
Hubble Space Telescope
References
Other websites
News Release Number: STScI-2006-34 Hubble Finds Extrasolar Planets Far Across Galaxy
Astronomy
Biasing

Biasing in electronics is using specific voltages and/or currents at points of an electronic circuit to set an appropriate operating point. The operating point of a device, also known as bias point, is the point that shows the direct current (DC), collector-emitter voltage (VCE), and the collector current (IC) with no input signal. The term is normally used with transistors.
Electronics
Coelenterata

Coelenterata was the name for an animal phylum. It is not used now. It was broken down into two separate phyla: the Cnidaria (jellyfish) and the Ctenophora (comb jellies). This change was made on the evidence of molecular evolution. This makes use of protein amino acid sequences, and whole genome DNA analysis.
References
Invertebrates
2013 San Diego Padres season

The 2013 San Diego Padres season began with two losses to the New York Mets.
San Diego Padres
Sports seasons
2013 in California
21st century in San Diego, California
Interstate 70

Interstate 70 is a major interstate highway in the United States. It begins in Cove Fort, Utah, and it goes east to Baltimore, Maryland. The route is long and travels through 10 states. It also goes through some major cities in the heart of America including Denver, Kansas City, St. Louis, Indianapolis, and Columbus.
References
70
Mickey Mouse Mixed-Up Adventures

Mickey Mouse Mixed-Up Adventures is an American animated series.
2017 American television series debuts
2021 American television series endings
2010s American animated television series
2020s American animated television series
Stellar atmosphere

The stellar atmosphere is the outer region of a star. It is found above the convection zone.
Structure
The stellar atmosphere is divided into several layers:
The photosphere is the lowest and coolest layer of the stellar atmosphere. The Sun's photosphere has a temperature of 5,770 K to 5,780 K.
The chromosphere is the next layer after the photosphere. The chromosphere is above the photosphere. Its about 10 times the temperature of the photosphere.
The transition region is the next layer after the chromosphere. It is hotter than the chromosphere.
The outermost part of the stellar atmosphere is the corona. It has a temperature of 1,000,000 K. It seems that only some giant stars, and very few supergiant stars, have a corona.
References
Atmosphere
Atmosphere
Mahasiddha

A mahasiddha (Sanskrit: maha - great, siddha - achiever) is type of yogi important in Tantra. They are found in both Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism. They are connected with unusual ways of thinking and with the highest levels of spiritual enlightenment. They are very different from arhats, the saints who gave up the world to achieve buddhahood.
The Mahasiddhas are actual people who acquired magical powers from their spiritual practice. A mahasiddha is a bodhisattva, someone who can enter nirvana whenever they want, but instead choose to stay in samsara to help others.
In both Hindu and Tibetan Buddhist traditions there are 85 Mahasiddhas. The lists are not all the same, but there are many Mahasiddhas who appear on most lists. In Tibetan Buddhist art, they are often shown in paintings together, for example around the border of a thanka.
Important Mahasiddhas
Each Mahasiddha has come to be known for certain things. One of the most loved Mahasiddhas is Virupa, who is a saint of the Sakyapa sect. He lived in 9th century India and was known for his great attainments. Other important Mahasiddhas include:
Marpa, the great translator and first native-born guru in Tibet who brought Buddhist teachings from India.
Milarepa, Marpa's student . In Buddhist pictures and statues, Milarepa is shown with his right hand cupped against his ear. He does this to better listen to the teachings (dharma).
Karmapa, the first consciously incarnating lama of Tibet.
Gorakhnath
Matsyendranath
Nagarjuna
Naropa
Saraha
Shantideva
Tilopa
Complete list of Mahasiddhas
In Buddhism there are 89 Mahasiddhas:
Acinta,
Ajogi,
Anangapa,
Aryadeva,
Babhaha,
Bhadrapa,
Bhandepa,
Bhiksanapa,
Bhusuku,
Camaripa,
Campaka,
Carbaripa,
Catrapa,
Caurangipa,
Celukapa,
Dan,
Darikapa,
Dengipa,
Dhahulipa,
Dharmapa,
Dhilipa,
Dhobipa,
Dhokaripa
Dombipa,
Dukhandi,
Ghantapa,
Gharbari,
Godhuripa,
Goraksa,
Indrabhuti,
Jalandhara,
Jayananda,
Jogipa,
Kalapa,
Kamparipa,
Kambala,
Kanakhala,
Kanhapa,
Kankana,
Kankaripa,
Kantalipa,
Kapalapa,
Khadgapa,
Kilakilapa,
Kirapalapa,
Kokilipa,
Kotalipa,
Kucipa,
Kukkuripa,
Kumbharipa,
Laksminkara,
Lilapa,
Lucikapa,
Luipa,
Mahipa,
Manibhadra,
Medhini,
Mekhala,
Mekopa,
Minapa,
Nagabodhi,
Nagarjuna,
Nalinapa,
Naropa,
Nirgunapa,
Pacaripa,
Pankajapa,
Putalipa,
Rahula,
Saraha,
Sakara,
Samudra,
Santipa,
Sarvabhaksa,
Savaripa,
Syalipa,
Tantepa,
Tantipa,
Thaganapa,
Tilopa,
Udhilipa,
Upanaha,
Vinapa,
Virupa,
Vyalipa,
Lokesh
References
Dowman, Keith (1986). Masters of Mahamudra: Songs and Histories of the Eighty-four Buddhist Siddhas. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Other websites
Murals of mahasiddhas in the Lukhang hidden temple
Names of the 84 Mahasiddha (with brief explanation of their meaning).
The Mahasiddha Linedrawings of H.R.Downs (in Dowman (1986)).
MahaSiddha Dharma website
Buddhism
Hinduism
Maisons, Calvados

Maisons, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Bryology

Bryology is the study of Bryophytes: Mosses, liverworts and hornworts. They are the most primitive land plants. Bryologists are people who work on observing, and classifying bryophytes.
Branches of botany
Crayola

Crayola is an American brand of crayons and other writing and drawing utensils, such as markers, chalk and colored pencils. The company used to be called "Binney & Smith Company". It is based in Northampton, Massachusetts. Since 1984, it has been owned by the company Hallmark Cards.
Colors
Crayola is brand of crayons and other writing and drawing utensils, such as markers, chalk and colored pencils made by the Binney & Smith Inc. company, which is part of the card company Hallmark.
History
Binney and Smith made industrial products before 1900, but in 1903 started to make Crayola crayons. The name came from a word used by the wife of Mr. Binney. The first box had eight colors: blue, green, red, yellow, black, brown, orange and violet. They became well known because they were the best crayons at that time. Later, the company made more products, including boxes of 48, 64, 96, 120 and 200 Crayons, colored pencils and markers.
Colors
Colored pencils
The following is a list of colors included in the 12, 24, 36, 50 and 64 packs of Crayola's standard colored pencils. Color values are approximate. Colored Pencils from "Guppie Green" to "UFO Green" are 14 of the ultra-cool and super-hot colored pencils that were issued in July 2010.
The following is a complete list of colors included in the 12, 24, 36, 50, 60, and 100 packs of Crayola's standard colored pencils. Color values are approximate.
The year of the introduction of the 12, 24, 36, 50, 60, and 100 packs of colored pencils is unknown.
The current 100 pack has the 60 pack colors with 40 colors doubled, but 100 packs produced in 2014 or earlier include the 45 additional colors, but 5 colors are removed: Gold, Silver, Metallic Blue, Metallic Bronze, and Metallic Copper.
Markers
98 colors are on this list, there may be a few missing, but the list is mostly complete. Just like with the crayons, some colors have since been retired.
Art Markers
Art markers come in 40 colors. This is all 40 colors.
Doodling Markers
Paints
References
Art
Lavaqueresse

Lavaqueresse is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Sopa de gato

Sopa de gato (in English: Cat soup) is a simple soup from southern Spain. It is served hot and is a suitable dish for the winter. Typical ingredients include water, bread, oil, garlic and salt.
References
Soups
Spanish food
Sveg

Sveg is a town in the county of Jamtland in Sweden. It is the seat of Harjedalen Municipality.
Famous people
Henning Mankell, Swedish crime novel writer
References
Other websites
Settlements in Jamtland County
Earplug

An earplug is a device usually used to protect the ears from loud noises. They are put inside the ear canal and can also be used to protect the ear from water, dust or anything that doesn't belong in the ear.
Types of ear plugs
Ear plugs are made using many different materials to be used for different reasons.
Wax - these earplugs are harder and usually need to be squeezed and rolled between fingers before pacing in ears
Foam - made of polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane, these plugs need to be squeezed and rolled to be put in the ear. When they are put inside, they will expand to fit the ear canal.
Silicone - these earplugs are usually softer and are not placed inside the ear canal like foam or wax earplugs. Instead, they are placed in the external part of the ear canal.
Flange - flange does not describe the material of these earplugs but their special design. These earplugs are flexible and have ridges and flaps instead of being smooth like the previous earplugs
Ear plugs are also made to be re-used or disposable.
Uses of earplugs
Noise Reduction - the most common use for earplugs is to protect ears from loud sounds. They can be used in places with long periods of noise such as concerts and at restaurants or can be used to block sudden sounds such as an ambulance travelling past you. Ear plugs do not stop all sound from entering your ears, they only reduce sound.
Sleeping - some ear plugs are made to be soft and stay inside the ear during sleep to protect against any loud sounds at night such as snoring.
Swimming - some ear plugs are made to keep water out of the ears and are useful for swimmers and other people who spend a lot of time in the water, helping to avoid surfer's ear.
Flying - for some people, changes in airplane cabin pressure can be painful. There are earplugs that help to prevent this which is very useful during landing and take-off as well as when a passenger is trying to sleep.
Other websites
National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia and get more information on hearing prevention.
Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand and get more information on hearing loss prevention.
Protective clothing
Ear
Headgear
Zumbro River

The Zumbro River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the Driftless Area of southeastern Minnesota in the United States. It is long from the confluence of its principal tributaries and drains a watershed of .
The river's name in English is a change from its French name Riviere des Embarras (Embarrass River/Obstruction River) due to its mouth located near Pine Island in the Mississippi River.
References
Rivers of Minnesota
Gustav Nossal

Sir Gustav Victor Joseph Nossal (born 4 June 1931) is an Austrian-born Australian research biologist. He is famous for his work in the fields of antibody formation and immunological tolerance.
Life and career
Nossal was born in Bad Ischl. He first grew up in the Austrian capital city of Vienna. After the Anschluss (Nazi Germany's annexation of Austria), he and his family moved to Australia. This was because, although not of Jewish faith, his father's grandparents were Jewish. This meant that Nossal was at risk of being sent to concentration camps due his Jewish background. Nossal was baptised, like his father, and is a Roman Catholic. He studied at the University of Sydney.
Nossal has written five books and 530 scientific articles on immunology and similar fields. From 1959 to 1961, he was the assistant professor of genetics at Stanford University. He began serving as director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research from 1965. At the same time, he was Professor of Medical Biology at the University of Melbourne. He retired from both of these roles in 1996. Nossal was president of the Australian Academy of Science from 1994 to 1998. He was the chairman of the comittee running the World Health Organization's Vaccines and Biologicals Program from 1993 to 2002. He also served as Chairman of the Strategic Advisory Council of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Children's Vaccine Program from 1998 to 2003.
Nossal is married to Lyn Beatrix (nee Dunnicliff). The couple have four children (two sons and two daughters).
Awards and honours
In 1970, Nossal was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. He was knighted for his services to science in 1977. In 1989, he was made a Companion of the Order of Australia. In 1990, he was awarded the Albert Einstein World Award of Science. In 2000, he was named Australian of the Year.
Nossal High School in Berwick, Victoria, is named after him.
References
Other websites
Sir Gustav Nossal at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute website
1931 births
Living people
Australian academics
Australian biologists
Australian educators
Australian Jews
Australian medical researchers
Australian Roman Catholics
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Immunologists
Jewish academics
Jewish scientists
Jewish writers
Knights Bachelor
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Order of Australia
Scientists from Vienna
Writers from Vienna
University of Sydney alumni
Writers from Sydney
Haut-Bocage

Haut-Bocage is a commune in the Allier department of central France, in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region.
The town hall is in Maillet.
History
The Haut-Bocage was established on 1 January 2016 with the former communes of Maillet, Givarlais and Louroux-Hodement.
Geography
Haut-Bocage is in the western part of the Allier department, in the valley of the Cher river at to the north of Montlucon, the subprefecture of the arrondissement.
It has an area of with an altitude of .
Composition
The commune is formed by:
Related pages
Communes of the Allier department
Arrondissement of Montlucon
References
Communes in Allier
Marae

A (in New Zealand Maori, Cook Islands Maori, Tahitian), (in Tongan), (in Marquesan) or (in Samoan) is a sacred place that is for religious and social purposes in Polynesian societies. In all these languages, the term also means cleared, free of weeds, trees.
References
Maori
Saint-Germain-d'Esteuil

Saint-Germain-d'Esteuil is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Séby

Seby is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Communes in Pyrenees-Atlantiques
Franois

Franois is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Cillian Murphy

Cillian Murphy (born 25 May 1976) is an Irish movie and theatre actor. Murphy is known for his roles in Christopher Nolan movies such as Scarecrow in The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005-2012). He also appeared in Inception and Dunkirk. He also plays Tommy Shelby in the BBC drama television series Peaky Blinders. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 2005 for his role as Patrick/Patricia "Kitty" Braden in Breakfast on Pluto. In 2023, he played physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer in the Christopher Nolan movie Oppenheimer.
Early life
Murphy was born on 25 May 1976 in Douglas, County Cork, Ireland. He was raised in Ballintemple, a suburb of Cork. His father, Brendan Murphy, worked for the Irish Department of Education. His mother is a French teacher. He went to University College Cork.
Career
Murphy started his career as a rock musician. After he turned down a record deal, he started his acting career in a play in Disco Pigs in 1996. He went on to star in a British and Irish movie and stage production in the late 1990s and early 2000s. His first worldwide role was in 2003 as the hero in the horror movie 28 Days Later.
Murphy's best-known roles were villains in two blockbusters: Scarecrow in the superhero movie Batman Begins, and as Jackson Rippner in the thriller movie Red Eye. He also played the Scarecrow in the next two Batman movies: The Dark Knight and The Dark Knight Rises. He played the orphan teen in the 2005's Breakfast on Pluto. For that role, he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. He played a 1920s Irish revolutionary in The Wind That Shakes the Barley.
He has also played the main protagonist, Thomas Shelby, in the BBC drama Peaky Blinders.
In 2023, he played J. Robert Oppenheimer in the Christopher Nolan movie Oppenheimer.
Personal life
Murphy lived in London, England from 2001 until 2015 when he moved to Dublin, Ireland. He often works in or near a city. He has no thoughts of moving to Hollywood. He doesn't feel right with the celebrity circuit. He often gives interviews about his movies. He does not give information about his private life. He didn't appear on TV interviews until 2010. He won an Irish Film & Television Award in 2007. He won a Drama Desk Award in 2012.
Murphy married Yvonne McGuinness in 2004. They have two sons; Malachy (b. 2005) and Carrick (b. 2007). He currently lives in Monkstown, Dublin, Ireland.
References
Other websites
1976 births
Living people
Drama Desk Award winners
Irish movie actors
Irish stage actors
Irish television actors
Irish voice actors
People from County Cork
Vegetarians
Anna Quayle

Anne Veronica Maria Quayle (6 October 1932 - 16 August 2019), known professionally as Anna Quayle, was an English actress. In 1963, she won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her role in the original production of Stop the World - I Want to Get Off.
Her movie roles include A Hard Day's Night (1964), Smashing Time (1967), Casino Royale (1967), and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968).
Quayle was diagnosed in 2012 with Lewy body dementia. She died on 16 August 2019 at the age of 86.
References
Tony Award winning actors
1932 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from dementia with Lewy bodies
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
English dancers
English singers
Actors from Birmingham
Richard Nelson Bolles

Richard Nelson Bolles (March 19, 1927 - March 31, 2017) was an American Episcopal clergyman and writer. He was known for being the author of the best-selling job-hunting book, What Color is Your Parachute?.
Bolles was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He studied at Harvard University. Bolles died on March 31, 2017 in Danville, California, aged 90.
References
Other websites
1927 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in California
Writers from Milwaukee
Bible for children

Children's Bibles, or Bibles for children, are often collections of Bible stories rather than actual translations of the Bible aimed at children.
The earliest Bible for children printed in America was The Children's Bible (Philadelphia, 1763). The Bible Story (1953-57) is a ten-volume series of hardcover children's story books written by Arthur Maxwell. It is based on the King James and Revised Standard versions of the Christian Bible. The Children's Bible Story Book (1991) is a children's version of the Bible by Anne de Graaf. It is distributed to British primary schools by the charity Bibles for Children (founded 1997).
Actual Bible versions include the New Century Version, a simplified English revision of the International Children's Bible.
References
Bible versions
Children's literature
Lookeba, Oklahoma

Lookeba is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Towns in Oklahoma
Evergreen clematis

Clematis armandii (also called Armand Clematis or Evergreen Clematis) is a flowering vine of the genus Clematis.
C. armandii has good smelling 2.5-inch white flowers in spring. Its dark green leaves droop and it serves well as a screen. Its leaf tips may burn badly if grown in salty soil or water. It is native to China.
References
Ranunculales
Robert Shwartzman

Robert Mikhailovich Shwartzman (; born 16 September 1999) is a Russo-Israeli racing driver.
References
Other websites
1999 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Saint Petersburg
Bettencourt-Saint-Ouen

Bettencourt-Saint-Ouen is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Communes in Somme
Randall, Iowa

Randall is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is in Hamilton County.
Cities in Iowa
Shrine of the Book

The Shrine of the Book (, ) is a famous building in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. It shows the Dead Sea scrolls that were discovered in 1947 at Khirbet Qumran by the Archaeologist Dr. Yigael Yadin.
Other websites
The Shrine of the Book at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem
The Shrine of the Book
The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Bingu wa Mutharika

Bingu wa Mutharika (born Brightson Webster Ryson Thom; 24 February 1934 - 5 April 2012) was a Malawian politician and economist. He was President of Malawi from May 2004 until his death in April 2012. He was also President of the Democratic Progressive Party. He was also Chairperson of the African Union in 2010-2011. He died of cardiac arrest in Lilongwe while in office on 5 April 2012, at age 78.
References
1934 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
African Union chairpersons
Presidents of Malawi
Hasini Perera

Hasini Perera is a cricketer from Sri Lanka. She plays for the Sri Lanka women's national cricket team. She was born on June 27, 1995.
References
Other websites
1995 births
Living people
Sri Lankan cricketers