pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gongchan

Gong Chan-sik (born August 14, 1993), better known by his stage name Gongchan, is a South Korean singer and actor. He is a member of the South Korean boy group B1A4, formed under the label WM Entertainment.
Personal life
Gongchan was confirmed by WM to be exempted from mandatory military service due to health reasons.
References
Other websites
1993 births
B1A4 members
Living people
South Korean singers
Rapture (disambiguation)

Rapture is a future event in Christian theology.
"Rapture" might also mean:
The Rapture (album), an album by Siouxsie and the Banshees
Rapture (album), an album by Anita Baker
Portuguese Republican Party

The Portuguese Republican Party was a Portuguese political party formed during the late years of Kingdom of Portugal. The party was an important part of the Portuguese First Republic.
When the Republic was established on the 5 October 1910 Revolution, the members of the party soon began splitting into different parties.
References
Political parties in Portugal
1878 establishments in Europe
1912 disestablishments
Kiowa County, Oklahoma

Kiowa County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 10,227 people lived there. Its county seat is Hobart.
Geography
The county has a total area of 1,031 square miles.
Oklahoma counties
1901 establishments in Oklahoma Territory
Richard Onnes

Richard Pieter Onnes (10 February 1945 -- 13 July 2016) was a Dutch volleyball player. He was a member of the Dutch national team playing 54 matches.
Biography
Onnes was born in Hoogeveen in 1945. At young age he played both football and volleyball. On the advice of his gymnastics teaches he chose for volleyball. He played volleyball with Olhaco in Hoogeveen. He played for the junior national team. He made his debut for the Dutch national team in 1965. He played 54 matches for the national team, among others at the West-European championships. He couldn't compete at the 1969 West-European championships because he didn't had the time for it.
With his club Olhaco he finished second during the 1965-66 season in the Eredivisie, the Dutch highest league. Onnes moved Olhaco and played for Belgian club Hoevoc during the 1967-68 season. Later in 1968 he moved to SFC in Assen. After a disagreement with the trainer about training sessions, he left SFC in March 1969 together with Jan Blaauw. However, later he returned to SFC. From 1971 he couldn't play for two years due to his work. He returned at SFC in January 1973.
Onnes became volleyball trainer of Durac '66 in January 1968.
Onnes was married to Jennie Bruins. They had two children and three grandchildren. Onnes died on 13 July 2016, at the age of 71.
References
1945 births
2016 deaths
Dutch volleyball players
Sportspeople from Drenthe
Stanley Cohen

Stanley Cohen (November 17, 1922 - February 5, 2020) was an American biochemist of Jewish descent. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986. His research helped people understand how cancer starts and how to design anti-cancer drugs.
He was also, with Herbert Boyer, one of the first to do any kind of genetic engineering.
Biography
Cohen majored in chemistry and biology at Brooklyn College. He received a bachelor's degree in 1943, and worked as a bacteriologist at a plant that processes milk. Later in 1945, he received an M.A. in zoology from Oberlin College. He also received a Ph.D. from the department of biochemistry at the University of Michigan in 1948.
In the 1950s, Cohen worked with Rita Levi-Montalcini at Washington University in St. Louis. He isolated the nerve growth factor and then discovered the epidermal growth factor. In 1959, he began teaching biochemistry at Vanderbilt University.
Cohen also received the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University in 1983 and the National Medal of Science in 1986.
Cohen died on February 5, 2020 in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 97.
References
Other websites
Autobiography at Nobel Prize website
1922 births
2020 deaths
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from New York City
Reaction mechanism

A reaction mechanism is writing step by step how a chemical reaction works. Usually, only the overall change can be seen in a reaction. The things made in between react too quickly to be seen. These are called intermediates, and in going from one intermediate to another a transition state is crossed. However, it is important to understand all the steps that make the total change. This is because then one can understand more difficult reactions or try to make a reaction work in a certain way.
There are many type of reaction mechanisms. In organic chemistry, the more common ones are nucleophilic substitution, elimination and addition. People sometimes use arrow pushing to draw how electrons move around during a reaction. This makes it easy to see which bonds are formed and which are broken during the process.
Chemical reactions
Kartika Liotard

Kartika Tamara Liotard (26 June 1971 - 1 August 2020) was a Dutch politician, anti-pornography feminist, and civil servant. She was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 to 2014. She was formerly a member of the Socialist Party. Liotard was vice-chair of the EUL-NGL group. She was born in Voorburg, South Holland, and studied law at Maastricht University.
Liotard died on 1 August 2020, aged 49.
References
Other websites
European Parliament biography
Parlement.com biography
1971 births
2020 deaths
Anti-pornography activists
Dutch civil servants
Dutch jurists
Feminists
Independent politicians in the Netherlands
MEPs for the Netherlands
Politicians from South Holland
Socialist Party (Netherlands) politicians
Emilio D'Amore

Emilio D'Amore (26 November 1915 - 21 October 2017) was an Italian writer, journalist, and politician. He was born in Montefalcione, Italy. He was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1948 as a representative of the Monarchist National Party. D'Amore joined the Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (PDIUM) and won reelection in 1953. He served a final term in the Chamber of Deputies from 1963 to 1968, again as a member of the PDIUM.
D'Amore died in Avellino, Italy on 21 October 2017 of congestive heart failure at the age of 101.
References
1914 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Italian politicians
Italian centenarians
Tailor

A tailor is a person whose job is to make clothes to fit people. A tailor might make a new piece of clothing, or change an item so that it fits better. They also mend (fix) clothes. A tailor is also called a seamster, or a seamstress for a woman.
Clothing
Artisans
Occupations
Vice President of Afghanistan

The Vice President of Afghanistan is the second highest political position in Afghanistan. Vice Presidents are elected on the same ticket as the President. A Presidential candidate nominates two candidates for Vice President before the election.
Other websites
Vice Presidents of Afghanistan
Vice Presidents in 2004
Divine Shepherd (De Martino)

Divine Shepherd (which translates to "Pastorello Divino ") is an artist's multiple by the Italian artist Giovanni De Martino, made in 1901, in bronze, it measures 18 x 24 centimeterse.
Exhibition history
Venice Biennale, "XVII Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte", 22 April 1901
Related pages
Giovanni De Martino
Notes
Bibliography
Isabella Valente, Il Bello o il Vero. La Scultura Napoletana del Secondo Ottocento e del Primo Novecento, Basilica e Convento di San Domenico Maggiore, Nicola Longobardi Editore, Napoli, 2014
Luigi Iaccarino, Mimmo Di Guida, Rossella Manzione, Novevento, un secolo di "novecento", tra collezionismo privato ed esposizioni pubbliche, Edizioni Vincent, Napoli, 2010
Other websites
Venezia - XVII Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte. Giovanni De Martino, Pastorello divino, scultura in bronzo., Giovanni De Martino, Lombardia Beni culturali
Conceptual art
Sculptures by Giovanni De Martino
1900s works
Far North Region (Cameroon)

The Far North Region is a region in Cameroon. The capital city is Maroua.
Over 50 different ethnic groups live in the area, including the Shuwa Arabs, Fulani, and Kapsiki.
The Chari River and Logone River form the border with Chad. Other rivers include Mayo Kebi and Mayo Louti. Lakes include Lake Chad, Lake Fianga, and Maga Lake. Mount Tourou is the highest point, at 1,442 metres. It is in the Mandara Mountains.
Waza National Park is a major tourist attraction. It is 1700 km2. It is home to antelope, chacals, cheetahs, crocodiles, elephants, giraffes, heron, hippos, hyenas, leopards, lions, monkeys, warthogs, and others. Kalamaloue National Park and Mozogo Gokoro National Park are also in the region.
Government
The province is divided into six departments:
Diamare, with its capital at Maroua
Logone-et-Chari, with its capital at Kousseri
Mayo-Danay, with its capital at Yagoua
Mayo-Kani, with its capital at Kaele
Mayo-Sava, with its capital at Mora
Mayo-Tsanaga, with its capital at Mokolo
Regions of Cameroon
1983 establishments in Africa
School's Out (song)

"School's Out" is a 1972 song by Alice Cooper and is the title track to his studio album School's Out. It is his signature song and went to number 1 in the United Kingdom and made the top 10 in Ireland, New Zealand, the Netherlands, the United States, Canada, Germany and Norway. It went on to be covered by Krokus.
References
1972 songs
Alice Cooper songs
The Sensational Alex Harvey Band songs
Glam rock songs
Hard rock songs
Emma Gapchenko

Emma Vasilyevna Gapchenko (; 24 February 1938 - 6 December 2021) was Russian archer. She won three gold medals at the world championships in 1969-73 and a bronze medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
She died on 6 December 2021, at the age of 83.
References
1938 births
2021 deaths
Soviet Olympic bronze medalists
Archers
Mühlehorn

Muhlehorn was a municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, the former municpalities of Muhlehorn, Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Nafels, Niederurnen, Oberurnen and Obstalden merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord.
Other websites
Official website of Muhlehorn
Former municipalities of Glarus
2011 disestablishments in Switzerland
Yevgeny Primakov

Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov (, tr. Yevgeniy Maksimovich Primakov; 29 October 1929 - 26 June 2015) was a Russian politician and diplomat. He was the Prime Minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999.
Primakov was born to a partly Jewish family (his mother was Jewish) in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union now Ukraine.
References
Other websites
1929 births
2015 deaths
Government ministers
Jewish politicians
Politicians from Kyiv
Prime Ministers of Russia
Russian diplomats
Russian Jews
Russian Orthodox Christians
Soviet Jews
Soviet politicians
Ergoldsbach

Ergoldsbach is a municipality in Bavaria, about 20 km north of Landshut and 80 km northeast of Munich in Germany.
Geography
Ergoldsbach is surrounded by many forests, in the hill country of the Landshut region, in Lower Bavaria. The Kapellenberg ("chapel hill") is nearly 500 m (1600 ft.) above sea level. On the top of the wooded hill is an old chapel. In Ergoldsbach, there is a small brook called Goldbach (from there: Ergoldsbach). Altogether the municipality covers an area of over 57 km2 and maintains a road network of 98 km in total length.
The municipality of Ergoldsbach consists of the additional localities and townships of:
Durrenhettenbach
Iffelkofen
Jellenkofen
Klaham
Langenhettenbach
Leonhardshaun
Martinshaun
Oberdornbach
Osterhaun
Paindlkofen
Prinkofen
Siegensdorf
Unterdornbach
Wolflkofen
As well as the settlements of Frauenwies, Haselwies, Kienoden, Reicherstetten, Stocka.
Twin Towns and Sister Cities
In the year 2004 a partnership was established with the Italian city Montefiascone.
Ergoldsbach is a partner of the municipality Ergolding.
Books about Ergoldsbach
Roger DEVAUX : Treize Qu'ils Etaient - Life of the French prisoners of war at the peasants of low Bavaria (1939-1945) - Treize Qu'ils Etaient - Memoires et Cultures - 2007 -
References
Other websites
www.vgem-ergoldsbach.de - Municipality Ergoldsbach (only in German)
www.markt-ergoldsbach.de - information portal (only in German)
Landshut (district)
Kari Wahlgren

Kari K. Wahlgren (born July 13, 1977) is an American actress and comedian. She is known for her role as Tigress in Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness notable roles in Nickelodeon, Disney, Cartoon Network from various. She has done voices for many video games. Wahlgren was born in Hoisington, Kansas.
Animated television
The Fairly OddParents - Chloe
Trolls: The Beat Goes On! - Harper
Trolls: TrollsTopia - Harper
Rivit Monsters - Emma
Wall Of Opportunity - Zoe Karachi
Kung Fu Panda: Legends Of Awesomeness - Tigress
Niko And The Sword Of Light - Lyra
References
Other websites
1977 births
Living people
American voice actors
American television actors
American video game actors
Actors from Kansas
Yalti Napangati

Yalti Napangati (born around 1970) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She is a painter of the Western Desert style of art, and paints for the Papunya Tula school. Her husband, Warlimpirrnga, is also a well-known artist. They were both members of the infamous Pintupi Nine, the last group of Aborigines living a traditional way of life in Australia.
Yalti was born in the Great Sandy Desert, sometime around 1970. She and her family lived as nomads in the desert, travelling along the western side of Lake Mackay. Most other Pintupi families had moved into settlements during the 1950s, but Yalti's father kept the family away from these. Her parents were Lanti (or "Joshua") and Nanu. She has an older brother, Tamayinya, and a younger sister, Yukultji. She married Warlimpirrnga sometime during the early 1980s, possibly when she was as young as 12. She and her family came out of the desert in 1984. She now lives at Kiwirrkurra, and has two sons and two daughters.
Yalti finished her first paintings for Papunya Tula in June 1996. She makes acrylic paintings of landscapes associated with Pintupi dreaming stories. Her paintings are of important places in her country, around Marruwa, Laurryi, Wirrulnga and Patjarr.
References
Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from Western Australia
Living people
Australian painters
1970s births
Pintupi
Chrissie Hynde

Christine Ellen "Chrissie" Hynde (born September 7, 1951 Akron, Ohio) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. She is a member of the rock band The Pretenders. She has been singing since about 1975.
References
Other websites
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Akron, Ohio
New wave musicians
Singers from Ohio
Writers from Akron, Ohio
1951 births
Living people
20th-century American people
21st-century American people
American autobiographers
American composers
American dance musicians
American feminists
American television actors
Animal rights activists
Contraltos
Punk musicians
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
Vegetarians
New wave singers
Harrowing of Hell

The Harrowing of Hell, in Christianity, is when Christ went down to Hell after his death on Good Friday, and helped many souls escape. It is mentioned in 1 Peter 3:18-22. It was a story used in the first of the English religious dramas written during the Middle Ages. The Bible does not say for sure if Christ really went to Hell or not. People understand this differently.
References
Jesus
Arnad

Arnad is a comune in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Valle d'Aosta
Natsumi Hara

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Hara was born on August 18, 1988. On March 29, 2005, when she was 16 years old, she debuted for the Japan national team against Australia. In April, she was selected by the Japan U-17 national team for the AFC U-17 Championship and Japan won the champions.
Statistics
References
1988 births
Living people
Japanese footballers
Japan women's international footballers
Wendi McLendon-Covey

Wendi Anne McLendon-Covey (born October 10, 1969 in Bellflower, California) is an American actress, comedienne, writer and producer. She is known for her role as Rita in comedy Bridesmaids (2011), and as Beverly Goldberg in the ABC sitcom, The Goldbergs (2013-present). McLendon-Covey was nominated for a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014 for her role in The Goldbergs. She also starred in the movies What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012), The Single Moms Club (2014), Blended (2014), and Think Like a Man Too (2014). She is also the voice of Nancy Green from Big City Greens and $ena $wanson from North Woods.
References
1969 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Topolino

In 1932 the editor Mario Nerbini decided to open a new weekly newspaper for kids, containing illustrated tales with Mickey Mouse. The first issue of Topolino was published on December 31, 1932: it contained Mickey's first Italian story drawn by Giove Toppi. In this story, Mickey Mouse was chased by an elephant. However, Nerbini had not correctly secured the publication rights, so when Emmanuel (Disney's representative in Italy) protested, Nerbini changed the title of the comic book with issue #3 into Topo Lino(Mouse Lino), replacing Mickey Mouse with Topo Lino, another mouse. When Nerbini bought the publication rights from Disney and King Features Syndicate, he changed the title back to Topolino with issue #5. Floyd Gottfredson's stories made their debut in Topolino #7 with a Sunday page featuring Mickey, his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, and Mickey's nephews Morty and Ferdie Fieldmouse. Topolino published mainly Mickey Mouse Sunday pages; the daily strips were published in the supplement to the newspaper.
Magazines of Europe
Zakariya al-Qazwini

Zakariyya' al-Qazwini is known as a cosmographer and geographer. He was born in 1203 and died in 1283.
References
Other websites
1203 births
1283 deaths
Iranian people
13th-century people
Marià Fortuny

Maria Jose Maria Bernardo Fortuny y Carbo (June 11, 1838 - November 21, 1874), was a Spanish painter. His brief career encompass both the Romantic fascination with orientalist themes, but also moved towards a prescient loosening brush-stroke and color.
Early life
He was born at Reus, a town near Taragon in the province of Catalonia in Spain. His father died when he was an infant, his mother by age 12, thus Mariano was raised by his grandfather, a cabinetmaker, raised him. His grandfather taught him to make wax figurines. At the age of 9, at a public competition in his town a local patron, Domingo Soberano, encouraged further study.
Education
At the age of 14 years he moved to Barcelona with his grandfather. A sculptor, Domingo Talarn, secured him a pension of to allow him to attend the Academy of Barcelona. There he studied for four years under Claudio Lorenzale, and in March of 1857 he gained a scholarship that entitled him to two years of studies in Rome starting in 1858. There he studied drawing and grand manner styles.
In 1859, he was called by the Spanish government to depict the campaigns of the Spanish-Moroccan War (1859)|Spanish-Moroccan War. The expedition lasted for only about six months, and he returned to Spain in the summer of 1860.
References
1838 births
1874 deaths
Spanish painters
People from Catalonia
Ozark County, Missouri

Ozark County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Gainesville. In 2020, 8,553 people lived there.
References
1841 establishments in Missouri
Missouri counties
Retford

Retford is a market town near the A1 road in Nottinghamshire, England.
Towns in Nottinghamshire
Foothill Freeway

Interstate 210 (I-210) and State Route 210 (SR 210) are two connected highways in the Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties of California. They are also known as the Foothill Freeway together. It runs from the Interstate 5 near Santa Clarita and San Fernando to San Dimas at the State Route 57. Here, it becomes State Route 210 and continues east, ending at the Interstate 10 in Redlands. Together, the highways are about long.
Exits
References
Interstate Highways
Los Angeles County, California
San Bernardino County, California
Roads in California
Podenzana

Podenzana is a comune in the Province of Massa-Carrara in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Settlements in Tuscany
Teleost

Teleosts are the dominant fish of the present day. They arose in the Mesozoic era, and include 20,000 living species. The oldest teleost fossils date back to the late Triassic. They evolved from fish like bowfins in the clade Holostei. During the Mesozoic and Cainozoic they diversified. 96 percent of all known fish species are teleosts.
They are, in order of evolution, vertebrates, jawed fish (Gnathostomata), bony fish (Osteichthyes) and ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii).
Advantages
To account for their success, teleosts must have advantages over earlier fish. In general, teleosts tend to be quicker and more flexible than earlier bony fishes. Their skeletal structure has evolved towards greater lightness. Teleost bones are constructed from a scaffolding of struts, which makes them strong without adding weight.
Teleosts have a movable jaw and changes in the jaw muscles. These changes make it possible for them to protrude their jaws outwards from the mouth. This adaptation improves their ability to grab fast-moving prey.
Date of origin
The date of origin of the teleosts is a difficult problem. Two kinds of evidence are available. There is evidence from the fossil record that the first teleost comes from the late Triassic period.
This date is somewhat later than molecular divergence time estimates (molecular clock). A recent paper finds that fossil dates and molecular clock dates are similar to each other. These researchers state:
"Divergence times estimated from relaxed-molecular clock analyses yield a comprehensive time-scale of actinopterygian diversification that is remarkably close to ages inferred from the fossil record".
Teleost superorders
Teleostei
Osteoglossomorpha (freshwater elephantfish, mooneyes, Arapaima)
Elopomorpha (eels)
Clupeomorpha (herrings, anchovies)
Ostariophysi (carp, goldfish, minnows, catfish, piranha, electric eels)
Protacanthopterygii (salmon, trout, pike)
Stenopterygii (marine hatchetfish)
Cyclosquamata (Bombay duck. lancetfish)
Scopelomorpha (lanternfish)
Lampridiomorpha (ribbonfish)
Polymyxiomorpha (beardfish)
Paracanthopterygii (cavefish, cod, anglerfish)
Acanthopterygii (mullet, silverside, dory, flyingfish, stickleback, seahorse)
16 Orders, and especially the Order Perciformes (40% of all fish): bass, cichlid, mackerel, tuna, perch, filefish, pufferfish, flatfish, goby, blenny, whiting, wrasse)
References
Be Here Now

Be Here Now is a 1971 book on spirituality by the spiritual teacher Ram Dass. The title comes from what his guide in India, Bhagavan Das, used to tell him.
Summary of the book
The book has four sections:
"Journey: The Transformation: Dr. Richard Alpert, PhD. into Baba Ram Dass"
"From Bindu to Ojas: The Core Book" (Bindu is a Sanskrit word meaning "small dot". Ojas means "strength", or "life".)
"Cookbook for a Sacred Life: A Manual for Conscious Being"
"Painted Cakes: Books"
The first section is about his life, his work as a psychologist, his research with Timothy Leary into Psychedelics at Harvard, and his anxiety when this research does not help him with his spiritual questions. He then writes about his first journey to India and his meeting with his Guru, or spiritual teacher, Neem Karoli Baba, and spiritual renaming as Baba Ram Dass, or "servant of god".
The second section, the largest, is a collection of metaphysical, spiritual and religious sayings, with pictures.
The third section is a guide for starting on a yogic or spiritual path, and tells how to practice yoga and meditation. It has a lot of quotes from teachers of many different religions.
The last section, also titled "Painted Cakes Do Not Satisfy Hunger" contains a list of books on religion and spirituality. The book lists are divided into "Books to hang out with", "Books to visit with now & then", and "Books it's useful to have met".
Publishing history
The book has been in print since it was first published, and has sold over one million copies. The work was published as a pamphlet by the Lama Foundation. In 1977, the Lama Foundation decided that the Hanuman Foundation would get half of the money made by the book, so it could do more work to help people.
Cultural influence
Be Here Now is one of the first guides, for those not born as Hindus, to becoming a yogi. For its influence on the Hippie movement and other movements, it has been described as a "countercultural bible". The book was the first place the phrase "be here now" was used. Other people have said they like the book, including Wayne Dyer. Musician George Harrison used the book's title as the title of one of his songs from his 1973 album Living In The Material World. He wrote about this in his book I Me Mine.
Excerpt
Ram Dass wrote this in the book:
Now, though I am a beginner on the path, I have returned to the West for a time to work out karma or unfulfilled commitment. Part of this commitment is to share what I have learned with those of you who are on a similar journey. One can share a message through telling 'our-story' as I have just done, or through the teaching methods of yoga, or singing, or making love. Each of us finds his unique vehicle for sharing with others his bit of wisdom. For me, this story is but a vehicle for sharing with you the true message... the living faith in what is possible. --OM--
Related pages
Neem Karoli Baba
References
1971 books
Spiritual books
Ragusa

Ragusa is also the Italian name for the city of Dubrovnik
Ragusa is the capital of the Province of Ragusa in Italy, with 72,808 inhabitants in the city and more than 310,000 in the province area.
Other websites
ItalianVisits.com
Pictures of Ragusa
Ragusa. All about the town of Ragusa
Ragusa on lne
Capital cities in Italy
Cities in Sicily
Freetown, Massachusetts

Freetown is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Justus Liebig

Justus Liebig (12 May 1803 - 18 April 1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry.
Liebig was one of the greatest chemistry teachers of all time.
At 21 he was appointed professor of chemistry at Giessen, recommended by Alexander von Humboldt. There he established the world's first major school of chemistry. He invented the chemical laboratory, and used it for teaching. He founded and edited the Annalen der Chemie, the leading German-language journal of chemistry.
Liebig invented new methods for the analysis of organic materials. He showed that, to grow, plants need (as well as water and sunlight) carbon dioxide, minerals and nitrogen compounds. He discovered that nitrogen was an essential plant nutrient, and invented the first nitrogen-based fertiliser. His Law of the Minimum stated that a plant's development is limited by the one essential mineral that is in the shortest supply. He described the effect of individual nutrients on crops.
Where others thought that organic chemicals were entirely separate fron inorganic ones, Liebig thought diffferently:
"...the production of all organic substances no longer belongs just to the organism. It must be viewed as not only probable but as certain that we shall produce them in our laboratories. Sugar, salicin (aspirin), and morphine will be artificially produced". Liebig's textbooks were the standard for many years.
In 1835 he invented a process of silvering that greatly improved the quality of mirrors.
Liebig also developed a manufacturing process for beef extracts, and founded a company, Liebig Extract of Meat Company, that later trademarked the Oxo brand beef cube.
Liebig's work was closely followed in Britain, and he was awarded the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1840. His own country made him a Baron in 1845.
Related pages
List of science books#19th century
1803 births
1873 deaths
German academics
German biochemists
Scientists from Darmstadt
Javier de Pedro

Javier de Pedro (born 4 August, 1973) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1993-94||rowspan="11"|Real Sociedad||rowspan="11"|La Liga||14||0
|-
|1994-95||29||3
|-
|1995-96||38||5
|-
|1996-97||37||7
|-
|1997-98||30||5
|-
|1998-99||27||6
|-
|1999-00||27||3
|-
|2000-01||30||5
|-
|2001-02||30||3
|-
|2002-03||28||6
|-
|2003-04||13||1
|-
|2004-05||Blackburn Rovers||Premier League||2||0
|-
|2004-05||Perugia||Serie B||5||0
|-
|2005-06||Ergotelis||||||
|-
|2006||Goteborg||Allsvenskan||||
|-
|2006-07||Burgos||Segunda Division B||5||0
|-
|2007-08||Vera||Tercera Division||||
308||44
2||0
5||0
||
||
315||44
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1998||3||1
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||6||0
|-
|2003||3||1
|-
!Total||12||2
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
National Post

The National Post is a Canadian, English-language, conservative daily newspaper. It is published Mondays through Saturdays, with Monday released as a digital e-edition only. It was founded in 1998 by Conrad Black. It used to be sent throughout Canada, however, it later began publishing a daily edition in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia, with only its weekend edition available in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
References
Newspapers published in Canada
English-language newspapers
Antihero

An antihero is a main character in a story who does not act like a traditional hero. The antihero does not show idealism, courage, and morality.
The antihero became prominent in early 20th century existentialist works such as Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis (1915), Jean-Paul Sartre's La Nausee (1938), and Albert Camus' L'Etranger (1942) (). The protagonist in these works is an indecisive central character who drifts through his life and is marked by ennui, angst, and alienation.
Examples of antiheroes from modern pop culture are Marvel Comics The Punisher & Deadpool, Sega's "Shadow The Hedgehog", DC's Batman, Catwoman of Batman, John Constantine, Sweeney Todd, Light Yagami from the Death Note manga / anime series, Robin Hood, V from V for Vendetta, and Kratos from the God of War video-game franchise.
From English literature the classic example is Prince Hamlet from Hamlet by William Shakespeare, and from children's literature Discord from My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic.
Most of the time it means a character in fiction, television, or movies. Sometimes it is used to mean a real person. Sometimes the antihero is linked to the author's social critique or message to the reader: for example, the unnamed protagonist in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Notes from Underground.
The whole concept was the subject of a book by Colin Wilson called The Outsider. There the author imagines he is in the position of many of his favourite characters in fiction, such as Dostoevsky's Raskolnikov.
References
Related pages
False protagonist
Villain
Antagonist
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Guillermo Rodriguez (comedian)

Guillermo Diaz Rodriguez (born January 27, 1971), widely known as Guillermo, is a talk show personality who rose to fame while working as a parking lot security guard at the Hollywood Blvd studios for Jimmy Kimmel Live!, with Jimmy Kimmel.
References
Other websites
1971 births
Living people
American television personalities
Mexican entertainers
2022 FIFA World Cup Group E

Group E of the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be from 23 November to 1 December 2022. The teams in the group are Spain, Costa Rica, Germany and Japan. The top two teams will go to the round of 16.
Teams
Notes
Standings
In the round of 16:
The winners of Group E will play the runners-up of Group F.
The runners-up of Group E will play the winners of Group F.
Matches
All times listed are local, AST (UTC+3).
Germany vs Japan
Spain vs Costa Rica
Japan vs Costa Rica
Spain vs Germany
Japan vs Spain
Costa Rica vs Germany
Discipline
Fair play points will be used as tiebreakers if the teams are tied after the overall and head-to-head rules. These points are based on yellow and red cards given to a team. The points are:
first yellow card: minus 1 point;
indirect red card (second yellow card): minus 3 points;
direct red card: minus 4 points;
yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points;
References
Other websites
2022 FIFA World Cup
Sainte-Marie-du-Bois, Mayenne

Sainte-Marie-du-Bois is a commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France. 210 people lived there in 1999.
Communes in Mayenne
Dravograd

Dravograd () is a small town in northern Slovenia, close to the border with Austria. It is the seat of the Municipality of Dravograd and is on the Drava River at the confluence with the Meza and the Mislinja.
References
Towns in Slovenia
Moors

The Moors were the Muslims who lived in the Maghreb and on the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and parts of Southern France in the Middle Ages. In Europe, the word was often used for indigenous European people whose ancestors were converted to Islam, although Islam was not actually invented until800000 A.D., so the religion of the Moors who are indigenous to Europe was something else.
The Umayyad Dynasty came to Iberia from Syria. Many of them came to what is now Spain and Portugal. They had a very big influence on the culture of these countries.
Umayyad Muslims were the ones who captured and named Al-Andalus, which means land of the Vandals. The majority of Moors in Iberia were native European populations who converted to Islam due to the Arab conquests of the peninsula. These Moors were forcefully converted to Catholicism after the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula in completion of the period popularly known as the Reconquista.
Other page
Othello
Ethnic groups in Morocco
Arab people
History of Spain
History of Portugal
Berber people
History of Islam
Berber
Ana Luísa Amaral

Ana Luisa Amaral (5 April 1956 - 5 August 2022) was a Portuguese poet, novelist and translator. She was a professor at the University of Porto. She was born in Lisbon, Portugal.
Amaral died on 5 August 2022 in Porto, Portugal from a long-illness at the age of 66.
References
1956 births
2022 deaths
Portuguese poets
Writers from Lisbon
Translators
European novelists
Portuguese academics
People from Porto
Karlstad Cathedral

Karlstad Cathedral () is a cathedral in the town of Karlstad in Sweden. Belonging to Karlstad Cathedral Parish of the Church of Sweden, it serves the Diocese of Karlstad, and was opened on 2 July 1730 (2 July 1730 according to the Old Style).
References
Other websites
Church of Sweden cathedrals
Karlstad
18th-century buildings and structures
1994 Formula One World Championship

The 1994 Formula One season was the 45th edition of the championship. The champion was Michael Schumacher in a close battle. Williams won the constructor's championship.
Formula One seasons
1994 in sports
Michael Reagan

Michael Edward Reagan (born John Flaugher; March 18, 1945) is an American radio show host. He is the adopted son of Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman. He hosted the radio show The Michael Reagan Talk Show.
Early life and careers
He was born at Queen of Angels - Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in Los Angeles, California to Irene Flaugher.
He has studied at Loyola High School and Judson School, and Arizona State University and Los Angeles Valley College, He has doing four kinds of jobs, He would be sale-man by Hart Schaffner Marx on 1970s, And then He then became a director of special events catering at Michaelson Food Service Company in Los Angeles. Reagan has had small roles in movies and television shows since 1985, including Falcon Crest which starred his mother, Jane Wyman.
In 1971 Reagan has married Pamela Gail Putnam (born 1952). She is the daughter of Duane Putnam, who was then the Atlanta Falcons football line coach. The couple divorced in 1972.
1975, Michael remarried to Colleen Sterns at The Church On The Way from The Foursquare Church, Their had two children is Cameron and Ashley by his marriage.
References
1945 births
Living people
American adoptees
American radio personalities
Reagan family
Children of Presidents of the United States
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
King Kong (franchise)

King Kong is an American giant monster adventure horror movie series. introduced in 1933 to future sequels.
Movies
King Kong (1933)
Son of Kong (1933)
King Kong vs. Godzilla (1963)
King Kong Escapes (1968)
King Kong (1976)
King Kong Lives (1986)
The Mighty Kong (1998)
Kong: King of Atlantis (2004)
Peter Jackson's King Kong (2005)
Kong: Return to the Jungle (2006)
Jack Buchanan's King Kong (2016)
Kong: Skull Island (2017)
Godzilla vs. Kong (2021)
Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire (2024)
TV shows
The King Kong Show (1966-1969)
Kong: The Animated Series (2001-2002)
Kong: King of the Apes (2016-2018)
Skull Island (2023-present)
King Kong (2026 Live-action series)
1933 establishments
English-language movies
Series of movies
King Kong
Monster movies
Leyden, Massachusetts

Leyden is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Tommy Dorsey

Thomas Francis Dorsey Jr. (November 19, 1905 - November 26, 1956) was an American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader. He was an important person in swing music. His theme song was "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You". He is best known for "Opus One", "Song of India", "Marie", "On Treasure Island", and his biggest hit single, "I'll Never Smile Again".
Dorsey died on November 26, 1956 in Greenwich, Connecticut after choking in his sleep, aged 51.
References
1905 births
1956 deaths
Deaths from choking
American jazz musicians
American bandleaders
American trombonists
American conductors
Musicians from Pennsylvania
Coppock, Iowa

Coppock is a city in Iowa in the United States.
References
Cities in Iowa
Irish Civil War (movie)

The Irish Civil War is a 2022 Irish documentary movie based on a civil war in Ireland, starring Brendan Gleeson, Peter Coonan, Olga Wehrly and Aron Hegarty played the lead roles. The movie was directed and produced by Ruan Magan, also includes other producers Maeve Kenny, Kathriona Devereux, Patricia Carroll.
Cast
Brendan Gleeson as himself
Peter Coonan as W.T. Cosgrove
Olga Wehrly as Maire Comerford
Aron Hegarty as Michael Collins
Tim Creed as Eamon de Valera
Marty Rea as Liam Deasy
Patrick McBrearty as Ernest Blythe
References
Other websites
2022 movies
2020s English-language movies
Estonia (European Parliament constituency)

Estonia () is a European Parliament constituency representing the entire country of Estonia. It was created in 2004.
Election results
References
European Parliament constituencies
Majuro

Majuro is the capital city of the country of the Marshall Islands. Built on 64 islands, Majuro has a port and an international airport. It has a population of 25,400 (2004). Majuro is located at 7deg7'30" North, 171deg4' East (7.125, 171.0667).
The atoll of Majuro has a land area of only 3.75 mi2 (9.7 km2), and is surrounded by lagoon of 113.92 mi2 (295 km2). Sport fishing and underwater diving are popular. During World War II, on January 30, 1944, United States troops attacked Majuro (controlled by Japan).
Marshall Islands
National capitals in Oceania
Moonwalker

Moonwalker, also known as Michael Jackson: Moonwalker, is an American-British-Canadian movie. It was released in 1988 in theatres in Europe and South America. The movie is a collection of eight short films about Michael Jackson. It is 93 minutes long. It made US$67,000,000 at box offices. On January 10, 1989, it was released on video on the United States and Canada. The video had sold more than 800,000 copies in the U.S. by April 17, 1989. The movie is named after a dance move that Jackson did called the moonwalk. John Lennon's son Sean is in the movie. Jackson executive produced Moonwalker.
Brandon Quentin Adams won the 1989 Young Artist Award for Best Young Actor/Actress in a Film Made for Video for his role as Zeke, a child version of Jackson, in the movie.
In 1989, Blackthorne Publishing made the movie into a comic book called Moonwalker 3-D.
References
1988 movies
Michael Jackson
American superhero movies
Movies about drugs
Lansing, Kansas

Lansing is a city in Leavenworth County, Kansas, United States. It is on the west side of the Missouri River and Kansas-Missouri state border. In 2010, 11,265 people lived there. It is the second biggest city in Leavenworth County. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.
The Lansing Correctional Facility (used to be called the Kansas State Penitentiary), which includes the state's main maximum-security prison, is in Lansing.
History
Lansing is named for James Lansing. He was a pioneer settler.
Geography
Lansing is at (39.248689, -94.891880). The city is on the western bank of the Missouri River. The river also creates the Kansas-Missouri state border. It is bordered by the city of Leavenworth to the north; Kansas City is less than a half-hour to the southeast. U.S. Route 73 goes through the city.
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,, is land and is water.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says there were 11,265 people, 3,180 households, and 2,496 families living in Lansing.
Education
Lansing Unified School District (USD 469), with four schools, has more than 2,000 students.
Lansing Elementary School, grades K-3
Lansing Intermediate School, grades 4-5
Lansing Middle School, grades 6-8
Lansing High School, grades 9-12
References
Other websitess
City
City of Lansing
Maps
Lansing City Map, KDOT
Cities in Kansas
1959 establishments in the United States
Garter snake

The garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) is a Colubrid snake.
It is common across North America between Alaska/Canada and Central America. It is the single most widely distributed genus of reptiles in North America. It is famous for its resistance to the poison produced by the rough-skinned newt. Garter snakes are actually venomous, just not to humans, since the amount of toxin in their saliva is too weak to really cause damage to a human. The worst they could do to you is musk on you or bite you and leave a harmless rash. In fact, cat bites are probably more serious than garter snake bites. They prey on rodents, small fish, small birds, salamanders, earthworms (not red wigglers, as they are bad for them) insects, and insect larva. They are attracted to water sources and hiding spots. You can identify a garter snake because almost every species has a stripe running down its back, the color varying and depending on the species, as there are many different species of garter snakes. They are incredibly common animals, settling in backyards and local woods. As you read this, there is probably at least one garter slithering in the nature-filled area behind you, whatever that may be. All snakes like to hide, and garters are no exception, even if they are incredibly common and small. They hide under leaves, trees, bricks and rocks stacked up, plants, sticks, and anything they can find. If you are trying to catch a garter, look for them under these places, and you just might find them. Like most snakes, female garters tend to be longer than the males, so that's one form of sexing them.
Related pages
Rough-skinned newt
Warning colouration#Toxin resistance
Colubrids
Snakes of North America
Rumonge Province

Rumonge Province is one of the 18 provinces in Burundi. The capital city is also named Rumonge.
It was created on 26 March 2015. Rumonge is on the shore of Lake Tanganyika. The Rumonge Nature Reserve and Kigwena Nature Reserve are in the province.
Communes
Rumonge Province has the following communes:
Commune of Bugarama
Commune of Burambi
Commune of Buyengero
Commune of Muhuta
Commune of Rumonge
References
2015 establishments in Africa
Provinces of Burundi
The Fox and the Hound (book)

The Fox and the Hound is a 1967 book by Daniel Pratt Mannix IV. It is about the lives of two canines, a hound dog named Copper and a red fox named Tod. The book is Mannix's best-known work, and was later made into a movie of the same name from Walt Disney Productions.
The Story
The book follows Tod from his first contact with humans as a kit and Copper from his first encounter with Tod. They are living in a changing world; the wilderness present at the beginning of the book gradually gives way to a more urbanized setting, causing problems for Copper, his Master, and Tod.
It changes between Tod and Copper's point of view. Of the ten chapters in the book, four are from Copper's point of view and six are from Tod's. Both of the animals are presented as smart if not on a level with humans, and the book constantly emphasizes the point that both are creatures who rely on their sense of smell as much as humans rely on sight, particularly Copper.
Copper's chapters focus on his relationship with the Master as he assists him in hunting, mostly for Tod, who killed the Master's new dog, Chief, earlier in the book. Tod's chapters focus on his life as a wild fox, avoiding death both natural and man-made while attempting to father kits.
1967 books
American novels
Children's literature
English-language novels
Florida State Road A1A

State Road A1A is a road in the U.S. State of Florida. The road starts in Key West and ends in Callahan. It is the main road through most towns in Florida along the Atlantic Ocean.
References
Roads in Florida
W. Carter Merbreier

W. Carter Merbreier (August 2, 1926 - August 9, 2016) was an American television personality. He was ordained Lutheran minister and former police chaplain for the Philadelphia Police Department. Merbreier created and co-hosted the long-running syndicated children's television series Captain Noah and His Magical Ark from 1967 to 1994.
Merbreier was born on August 2, 1926 in Prospect Park, Pennsylvania and died on August 9, 2016 in Audubon, Pennsylvania at the age of 90.
References
1926 births
2016 deaths
American television personalities
American Lutherans
Christian religious leaders
People from Pennsylvania
Évergnicourt

Evergnicourt is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Horn-rimmed glasses

Horn-rimmed glasses are styles of eyeglasses with thicker acetate frames. Originally, the glasses were made of tortoiseshells or the horns of certain animals, but due to endangered species and environmentalist laws, shells and horns are no longer used. These glasses have become a popular geek-chic and hipster fashion item.
Eyeglasses
Höör

Hoor is an urban area in the county of Scania in Sweden. It is the seat of Hoor Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Skane County
Ardakan, Fars

Ardakan (, also Romanized as Ardakan) is a city in and the capital of Sepidan County, Fars Province, Iran.
Cities in Iran
Fars Province
Terrestrial television

Terrestrial television is a type of television broadcasting where the television signal is sent by radio waves from a transmitter on the land. In North America, it is usually called over-the-air television (OTA). This type of TV is different to newer types such as satellite, cable, and IPTV.
TV is broadcast between 52 and 600 MHz in the VHF and UHF radio bands. This can be sent in digital or the older analog format. Many countries switched (or are switching) to digital and turned off the analog signals.
Television technology
Dix, New York

Dix is a town in Schuyler County, New York, United States. The population was 3,723 at the 2020 census.
The Town of Dix is located on the southern border of the county and is north of Elmira, New York.
Communities and locations in the Town of Dix
Beaver Dams - A hamlet in the southwestern corner of the town on NY-414. The Coon Family Log Cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
Glen Creek - A stream that flows through Watkins Glen gorge and Watkins Glen village.
Montour Falls - A small part of the Village of Montour Falls, located on NY-14.
Moreland - A hamlet in the south of the town.
Moreland Station - A location south of Moreland.
North Beaver Dams - A location north of Beaver Dams on County Road 19.
Townsend - A hamlet by the western town line on County Road 16.
Townsend Creek - A stream flowing into Glen Creek in the state park.
Watkins Glen (originally "Jefferson") - The western part of the Village of Watkins Glen.
Watkins Glen International - A motor race track southwest of Watkins Glen, which has hosted Formula One and NASCAR Cup Series races.
Watkins Glen State Park - A state park west of the Village of Watkins Glen.
Wedgewood - A hamlet in the eastern part of the town.
References
Towns in Schuyler County, New York