pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Casino

A casino is a gambling establishment where gambling with declared monetary or other property gains is carried out using roulette, gaming tables for card games and dice, gambling machines, and other gambling equipment. The board game is conducted with the help of assistants - the dealer.
In modern English, casinos are places associated with gambling. These are often built on or around hotels, cruise ships, restaurants and certain other places.
There are lots of casinos in the US state of Nevada and especially in the area of Las Vegas called the "Strip". Other places famous for their casinos is Monte Carlo in Monaco and Macau in China, but they are also prevalent in certain other parts of the world.
In Mexico, gambling is regulated by the Gaming Regulations. It regulates all gambling games and is governed by the law except the National Lottery, which is ruled through its own regulation.
Gambling in Canada is regulated on the Federal level by the Criminal Code of Canada whose Section 201- 207 provides for laws relating to betting and gambling.
The principle of most games held in the casino is the result of the game, for its participant depends, first of all, on the element of chance. In casino games, a casino can act as the actual organizer (roulette, blackjack, craps), and as a serving party (Texas poker, Omaha poker, baccarat, etc.).
In the most casinos in the world gambling halls are divided into two types: a hall of traditional games and a games room. Games that have gained the most popularity in casinos around the world: roulette, blackjack, poker, baccarat, punto-banko, craps, slot machines etc.
In 1994 the internet brought forth the web's first online casino named the Gaming Club. It was developed by Microgaming software and is still operating with active players today. Microgaming became one of the internet casino industry's largest providers of online gambling software early on. Internet casinos are currently legal and regulated in the United Kingdom and some parts of the United States.
References
Casinos
Primelin

Primelin () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Finistere
Camagüey

Camaguey is a city and municipality in central Cuba. It is the country's third largest city and capital of the Camaguey Province. It has more than 321,000 inhabitants.
Cities in Cuba
Busbar

A busbar (or bus bar) is a strip of metal used to conduct electricity within an electrical substation, distribution board, electric switchboard or other electrical equipment. A busbar is usually a flat or hollow piece of copper, brass or aluminium. It allows heat to be released quickly because of its relatively large surface area.
Electricity
Jackson Park (Chicago)

Jackson Park is a 500-acre (2 km2) park on Chicago's South Side, located at 6401 South Stony Island Avenue in the Woodlawn community area.
It extends into the South Shore and Hyde Park community areas, bordering Lake Michigan and several South Side neighborhoods.
It is named for President Andrew Jackson, it is one of two Chicago Park District parks with the name "Jackson", the other being Mahalia Jackson Park in the community area of Auburn Gresham on the far southwest side of Chicago.
The parkland was first developed as the host site of the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. The Museum of Science and Industry resides in the remaining "palace" in the park from that era. The park includes woodland trails, playing fields, a beach, golf course, and a boat harbor.
It is the future site of the Barack Obama Presidential Center and library.
References
Other websites
Jackson Park - official site at Chicago Park District
Jackson Park Advisory Council
Garden of the Phoenix - friends site
Parks in Chicago
Lago di Annone

Lago di Annone (also called Lago di Oggiono) is a lake in the Province of Lecco, Lombardy, Italy. It borders the municipalities of Annone di Brianza, Suello, Civate, Galbiate and Oggiono.
Lakes of Lombardy
Darkly Dreaming Dexter

Darkly Dreaming Dexter is a 2004 book written by Jeff Lindsay. It won the 2005 Dilys Award.
The television show Dexter was based on the book.
Crime fiction books
2004 books
Stig Claesson

John Stig Claesson (June 2, 1928 - January 4, 2008) was a Swedish writer and illustrator. He also was known by his signature Slas.
Biography
Claesson was born on June 2, 1928 in Huddinge, south of Stockholm. He went to the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts between 1947 and 1952, when he began to illustrate Swedish classical books such as those written by Per Anders Fogelstrom.
Claesson was the father of actor Leif Claesson. Stig died on January 4, 2008 in Stockholm.
Other websites
Obituary in the Dagens Nyheter (Swedish)
1928 births
2008 deaths
Swedish writers
Swedish illustrators
The Essential Billy Joel

The Essential Billy Joel is a greatest hits album by Billy Joel and released on 2 October, 2001 through Sony BMG. It went to number 14 in New Zealand, number 15 in the United States, number 50 in Australia and number 66 in Ireland.
Track listing
All songs written by Billy Joel.
Disc one
Disc two
Disc three
References
2001 albums
Billy Joel albums
Deaths in 2020

The following is a list of notable deaths in 2020. For notable deaths for each month, please see "Months". Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.
Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Related pages
List of deaths due to COVID-19
Deaths in 2010
Deaths in 2011
Deaths in 2012
Deaths in 2013
Deaths in 2014
Deaths in 2015
Deaths in 2016
Deaths in 2017
Deaths in 2018
Deaths in 2019
Deaths in 2021
Deaths in 2022
Deaths in 2023
Other websites
The Guardian, UK obituaries
The Telegraph obituaries
Obituaries, Chicago Tribune
Obituaries, Los Angeles Times
The New York Times, US obituaries
The Washington Post obituaries
The Sydney Morning Herald, Australian obituaries
Index lists
Seeon-Seebruck

Seeon-Seebruck is a municipality in Traunstein in southern Bavaria in Germany.
Municipal districts
Seeon 6 km north of Lake Chiemsee within the Seeon Lakes.
Seebruck is a popular local tourist spot in the north end of Lake Chiemsee where the river Alz origins. The town is a popular base for sailing activities.
Truchtlaching 5 km east of Seebruck on the Alz river.
References
Traunstein (district)
Hapoel Asi Gilboa F.C.

Hapoel Asi Gilboa is an Israeli football club based in Prazon on Mount Gilboa. The club currently plays in the northern division of Liga Alef. Their main rivals are Hapoel Afula.
In 2001 the club won the Liga Bet North B division and was promoted to Liga Alef after 18 years in Liga Bet.
Honours
Liga Bet
North B champions 2000-01
Other websites
Hapoel Asi Gilboa Israel Football Association
Israeli football clubs
Scylla tranquebarica

Scylla tranquebarica is a type of mangrove crab in the genus Scylla. It is lives in mangrove areas. It is found from Pakistan and Taiwan to the Malay Archipelago and other Indo-Pacific regions.
References
Portunidae
Manu Ginóbili

Emanuel David Ginobili (born 28 July 1977) is an Argentine retired professional basketball player. Over a 23-season professional career, he became one of only two players to have won a EuroLeague title, an NBA championship, and an Olympic gold medal. A four-time NBA champion, Ginobili was a member of the San Antonio Spurs for his entire NBA career. Along with Spurs teammates Tim Duncan and Tony Parker, he was known as one of the "Big Three".
Ginobili comes from a family of professional basketball players. He spent the early part of his career in Argentina and Italy, where he holds dual citizenship, and won several individual and team honors. His stint with Italian club Kinder Bologna was particularly successful; he won two Italian League MVP awards, the EuroLeague Finals MVP and the 2001 EuroLeague championship and Triple Crown. Selected as the 57th overall pick in the 1999 NBA draft, Ginobili joined the Spurs in 2002, and soon became a key player for the team. In addition to his four NBA championships, Ginobili was named an All-Star in 2005 and 2011, and has been selected twice for the All-NBA Team. In 2007-08, he was named the NBA Sixth Man of the Year. Ginobili announced his retirement on 27 August 2018.
1977 births
Argentine sportspeople
Competitors at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Competitors at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Living people
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Argentine Olympic bronze medalists
Argentine Olympic gold medalists
San Antonio Spurs players
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
People from Bahia Blanca
Jackson, Tennessee

Jackson is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 65,211.
References
County seats in Tennessee
Cities in Tennessee
Asterids

In the APG II system, for the classification of flowering plants, asterids are a clade of eudicots. That means they are a monophyletic group.
The clade includes 17 orders in the traditional Linnaean system.
Common examples include the forget-me-nots, nightshades, potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, peppers, tobacco, petunias, morning glory, sweet potato, coffee, lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, honeysuckle, ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.
References
Madura Kulatunga

Madura Kulatunga (; born March 23, 1980) is a Sri Lankan software engineer and the founder of Madura English-Sinhala Dictionary.
Early life
Kulatunga studied at Royal College, Colombo 7 and earn his Master of Science in Information Technology degree in Sikkim Manipal University.
Career
Kulatunga saw an opportunity to transform the printed English-Sinhala dictionaries, which was difficult to use.
He decided to create an electronic English-Sinhala dictionary. Then he went on to develop the Madura English-Sinhala Dictionary computer software which has popular in Sri Lanka.
References
Other websites
1980 births
Living people
Software engineers
Sri Lankan scientists
Battle of Cedar Mountain

The Battle of Cedar Mountain, also called Slaughter's Mountain or Cedar Run, was a battle that was fought on August 9, 1862, in Culpeper County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War. Soldiers in the Union Army forces attacked Confederate soldiers near Cedar Mountain as the Confederate Army reached Culpeper Court House to stop the Union Army from attacking central Virginia. After almost leaving the field in the early part of the battle, the Confederate Army launched a counterattack that broke the Union Army's lines, and the Confederate Army won. The battle was the first battle of the Northern Virginia campaign.
References
Other websites
Battle of Cedar Mountain in Encyclopedia Virginia
The Battle of Cedar Mountain : Battle maps, photos, and preservation news (Civil War Trust)
Friends of Cedar Mountain Battlefield: Local group helping to manage a Civil War Trust property
American Civil War battles
1862 in Virginia
A Daughter of Dixie

A Daughter of Dixie is a 1910 American silent drama movie directed by Sidney Olcott. and stars Gene Gauntier.
Actors
Gene Gauntier - Miss Betsy
References
Other websites
American movies
1910 movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Winery

A winery is a place or business that makes wine.
Related pages
Vineyard
Wine
Ambient intelligence

Ambient intelligence is an idea from computer science to create an environment of machines that meaningfully interact with people. The idea is that these machines help people solve the problems they have, and that people can interact with the machines in a natural way. An example would be a camera that recognizes the owner of a house or apartment, and that is able to turn off the alarm, and unlock the door. The systems that control the camera, the alarm system and the door lock are all connected to each other. When the camera sees the person, it works with the other systems to make the person's life easier.
Requirements
In order for the idea to work well:
Computer hardware should be small
Different networks of computers and home appliances need to be connected so they can communicate with each other
Computer networks are easy to control and program. New devices in the networks should configure themselves automatically, or their configuration should be easy to do, without the need to understand how they all work.
The interfaces to control the devices focus on the user and are easy to use
The system should be forgiving with errors. It should be secure and work as long as possible, even with errors
In fiction
Ambient intelligence has also be shown in fiction. The movie Minority Report shows how advertising changes for each user. the book The Hitchiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams shows intelligent doors that have emotions, which they show when people use them.
References
Computer science
Tommy Hilfiger

Thomas Jacob Hilfiger (born March 24, 1951) is an American fashion designer. He is the founder of the lifestyle brand Tommy Hilfiger Corporation. Hilfiger began his business career at the age of 18. He moved to New York City in his early 20s.
References
Other websites
Official website
1951 births
Living people
American fashion designers
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Philmont Scout Ranch

Philmont Scout Ranch is a ranch owned by the Boy Scouts of America in Cimarron, New Mexico. There, scouts can hike throughout hundreds of miles of trails. Many of the activities there are called "high adventure". Philmont is the home of Pedro, the mascot of Boys' Life magazine.
Organizations based in New Mexico
Regime

A regime is the leader and other people who run a government of a sovereign state.
There are many kinds of regimes. They can achieve power in many ways. Depending on the time and place and local civics like the electoral system, they can lose power in many ways too. The most common way for a regime to lose power was a coup, invasion or revolution until the 20th century. After that it became very dangerous and difficult to use these methods. Peaceful regime change is usually by an election - this method is now used by more than half the people on the Earth. It is called representative democracy. Such regimes are often called administrations to make it clear they are not dictators, and since the executive branch does not have all the power itself - it may share it with a legislative branch. Also the judicial branch is separate. The courts are not usually considered part of the regime.
However, some things are the same no matter how the regime achieved power:
The regime needs help among people outside the regime and government to stay in power - these may be in the military or a political party.
Military and police obey the regime's orders, and can kill people. If they would not do so, then, it would be possible to change regimes by force.
Trade and tax is set by the regime, which can take money away.
The regime speaks for the whole country when dealing with other countries.
When many regimes negotiate at the United Nations or World Trade Organization, it does not matter at all how each regime got its power. It matters only that they can agree and make everyone in their country do as the agreement says.
When someone wants a regime to change in another country, they usually are not able to do this by any means other than violence or interfering in its election. This is common if a regime is threatened by another regime.
Forms of government
Conch Republic

The Conch Republic is a micronation secession of the city of Key West, Florida, from the United States on April 23, 1982. Since then, the term "Conch Republic" has expanded to refer to "all of the Florida Keys".
While the protests that created the Conch Republic have been described by some as "tongue-in-cheek," they were caused by frustrations over real concerns. The original protest event was caused by a U.S. Border Patrol roadblock and checkpoint that was inconvenient to residence.
The Conch Republic celebrates its Independence Day every April 23 as part of a week-long festival of activities involving numerous businesses in Key West. The organization -- a "Sovereign State of Mind", seeking only to bring more "Humor, Warmth and Respect" to a world in sore need of all three according to its late Secretary General, Peter Anderson -- is a key tourism booster for the area.
Florida Keys
History of Florida
Micronations
Jonathan Bush

Jonathan James Bush (May 6, 1931 - May 5, 2021) was an American banker. He was born in Greenwich, Connecticut. Bush was the brother of President George H. W. Bush and uncle of President George W. Bush. His son, Billy Bush is a television personality.
Bush founded J. Bush & Co., which provided discreet banking services for the Washington, D.C., embassies of foreign governments for many years. In 1997, Riggs Bank bought J. Bush & Co. and made Bush CEO & President of Riggs Investment, a firm based in New Haven, Connecticut.
Bush died one day before his 90th birthday on May 5, 2021. At the time of his death, he was the last surviving child of Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush.
References
1931 births
2021 deaths
Bush family
Businesspeople from Connecticut
People from Greenwich, Connecticut
Anand Satyanand

Sir Anand Satyanand, (born 22 July 1944) is a New Zealand lawyer, academic, judge and politician. He was the 19th Governor-General of New Zealand from 2006 to 2011.
Satyanand was chair of the Commonwealth Foundation for two 2-year terms.
In August 2019 he was elected to be Chancellor of the University of Waikato for a 4-year term.
References
1944 births
Living people
Governors General of New Zealand
New Zealand lawyers
New Zealand judges
New Zealand academics
Politicians from Auckland
Horst Sindermann

Horst Sindermann (September 5, 1915 in Dresden - April 20, 1990 in East Berlin) was a German communist politician.
Sindermann was a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) till 1946, and afterwards a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).
During the war he was imprisoned in several concentration camps.
He was Prime Minister of East Germany from 1973 to 1976, and President of the Volkskammer from 1976 to 1989.
References
www.stiftung-aufarbeitung.de
1915 births
1990 deaths
German atheists
German prisoners
Holocaust survivors
Members of the Volkskammer
Politicians from Dresden
Politicians from Saxony
Politicians of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
Prime Ministers of East Germany
Ånge Municipality

Ange Municipality () is a municipality in Vasternorrland County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Ange.
References
Other websites
Ange Municipality
Municipalities of Vasternorrland County
Iyengar Yoga

Iyengar Yoga is a type of yoga named after and developed by B. K. S. Iyengar (1918-2014). It is a form of Hatha Yoga. It emphasizes detail, precision and alignment. It focuses performing postures (poses) and breath control. This type of yoga helps to develop strength, mobility and stability.
B. K. S. Iyengar has created over 200 yoga poses. Students start with simple poses and move on to more complex ones.
Iyengar Yoga often uses belts, blocks, and blankets to help people get into the postures. By using belts, blocks and blankets, people are less likely to hurt themselves.
Meditation
Yoga
Alexander (2004 movie)

Alexander is a 2004 epic drama war movie about Alexander III of Macedon. It was directed by Oliver Stone.
The budget of this movie was about 155 million dollars. Its box office was about 167 million dollars.
Plot
The story is about Alexander III of Macedon and his battles against Great Persian Empire and his victories, in the beginning, movie shows early life of Alexander and what happened in his young ages and what his father King Philip II did. When Philip died Alexander was King of Macedon and decided to fight with Persian Empire and at last he conquered Persia. When he wanted conquer India in a battle he wounded and died.
Main characters
Other websites
Official website
Alexander at the Internet Movie Database
2004 movies
2000s biographical movies
2004 drama movies
2000s LGBT movies
2000s war movies
2000s American biographical movies
2000s American drama movies
American epic movies
American LGBT movies
American war movies
British biographical movies
2000s British drama movies
British war movies
German drama movies
Dutch drama movies
French drama movies
Italian drama movies
Thai movies
Moroccan movies
2000s English-language movies
2000s historical movies
Movies directed by Oliver Stone
Period action movies
Movies set in Greece
Movies set in Egypt
Movies set in Asia
Movies set in Afghanistan
Movies set in Iran
Movies set in India
Survivor Series (1988)

Survivor Series (1988) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 24, 1988 at the Richfield Coliseum in Richfield Township, Ohio. It was the second Survivor Series event that was held by the WWF.
Matches
References
Other websites
Official Survivor Series 1988 website
1988 in professional wrestling
1988 in the United States
Sports in Ohio
Survivor Series
1980s in Ohio
November events
Daphne (singer)

Daphne Njie Efundem (born 20 September 1989) known professionally as Daphne is a Cameroonian singer. She's also best known for her own song "Rastafari".
Biography
Daphne was born in Buea to a Bakweri father and a Banyangi mother. She grew up in Douala, Cameroon. She has lived in Yaounde, Buea in the Southwest Region, and even abroad.
She has always been a big fan of CeCe Winans, Mary Mary, Bebe Manga and Frank Edwards. Her modern music tastes include Tiwa Savage and Rihanna, but she says they have not influenced her own work. Technically speaking, the most important thing for her when writing a song is to find the right melody because "melodies carry emotions". Daphne's captivating voice is often compared to a fairy. She admits that she "would like to touch the hearts of people who have stopped believing in their dreams, in their lives; who only think of running away.''
References
Living people
1989 births
Cameroonian musicians
Singers
Usora (river)

Usora is left tributary of the Bosnia in central Bosnia. The total length of the river Usora - from sources below the top of the mountain Ocaus to the mouth above the Doboj is about 82 kilometers. The town of Teslic, through which it flows, bears the local name Velika Usora (Great Usora), since under the city at a place called Sastavci meets with his same named, but a lot less left tributary Mala Usora (Little Usora). It also comes from the mountain masiff Uzlomac - Borja - Ocaus below it in smaller distances rises more Bosnia river and their tributaries, as well as the basin Vrbanja river and Ukrina. In its upper reaches, the river makes a wide loop around Borja, from its southwest to northeast slopes.
Great Usora created by merging Gomjenice and Brkica stream. Small Usora springs below (south) of the main road M-4 (Banja Luka - Matuzici, some 10 km west of Pribinic). Before Sastavci locality, right tributary to it are: Misica rijeka, Great Ostruznja, Inova , Miljkovaca, Velika rijeka (Great river), Brezna and smaller streams, as well as left: Rankovica rijeka, and Gracanica.
In much of the flow Ukrina is flooding river but the increasingly frequent flooding causes significant damages.
In the early Bosnian history Usora belonged to gold-bearing river, and it is believed that this is still in its upper course along with the many large and small tributaries and streams. Obvious hydro-energy potential Usora is permanently unused, and fish stocks almost negligible, especially if one takes into account the centuries-old discharging untreated waste industrial water Chemical Distillation of wood in Teslic.
Related pages
Uzlomac
References
Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kakei

Kakei (Jia Qing ) was a Japanese era name (Nian Hao , nengo, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-cho period after Shitoku and before Koo. This period started in August 1387 and ended in February 1389. The pretender in Kyoto was . Go-Komatsu's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was {{nihongo|Emperor Go-Kameyama|Hou Gui Shan Tian Huang |Go-Kameyama-tenno}}.
Events of the Kakei era
1387 (Kakei 1, 1st month): Nijo Yoshimoto is removed from his position as sessho and daijo daijin in the Imperial court hierarchy.
1387 (Kakei 1, 2nd month): Konoe Kanetsugu is named sessho.
1388 (Kakei 2, 3rd month): The sessho Konoe Kanetsugu dies at age 29; and Yoshimoto re-assumes this role.
1388 (Kakei 2, 6th month): Yoshitomo dies at age 69; and his son Nijo Morotsugu succeeds him with the title of kampaku. 1389 (Kakei 3''): Yoshimitsu pacifies Kyushu and distributes lands.
Southern Court nengo
Genchu, 1384-1393
Related pages
Muromachi period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
1387 establishments
1380s establishments in Japan
1389 disestablishments
1380s disestablishments in Japan
Hanna Novosad

Hanna Ihorivna Novosad (Ukrainian: Ganna Igorivna Novosad; born 28 July 1990) is a Ukrainian educational activist, civil servant and politician. The Minister of Education and Science of Ukraine in the Honcharuk Government.
Biography
In 2007, she graduated from the Ukrainian Humanities Lyceum at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. In 2011, Novosad received a Bachelor's degree in Political Science from the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. In 2013, she received a Master's degree in European Studies from Maastricht University (the Netherlands). Novosad is fluent in English and German.
During 2012-2013, Novosad had internships in think tanks in Spain and the Czech Republic. Member of the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program.
Scandals
On August 29, 2019, in her Facebook post, Anna Novosad made mistakes, to which Iryna Farion drew attention. After that, Hanna Novosad had to correct mistakes, edit the post and leave an additional comment.
References
Ignace Van der Brempt

Ignace Van Der Brempt (born 1 April 2002) is a Belgian football player. He plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as right back.
Club career
He made his Belgian First Division A debut for Club Brugge on 14 September 2019 against Cercle Brugge. In February 2022 he went on to FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. He signed a contract till June 2026.
Honours
Club Brugge
Belgian Pro League: 2020, 2021
Belgian Super Cup: 2021
Red Bull Salzburg
Austrian Bundesliga: 2021-22
Austrian Cup: 2021-22
References
Other websites
Belgium profile at Belgian FA
2002 births
Living people
Belgian footballers
Association football defenders
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Hackettstown, New Jersey

Hackettstown is a town in Warren County, New Jersey in the United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town's population was 9,724. The town is located in the eastern region of the Lehigh Valley.
It is believed that Hackettstown was named after Samuel Hackett, an early settler and large landowner.
Hackettstown was named #72 of the top 100 towns in the United States to Live and Work In by Money Magazine in 2005.
References
Towns in New Jersey
Artificial turf

Artificial turf, or synthetic turf, is a man-made (something made by humans) surface made from synthetic materials, made to look like natural grass. It is most often used in arenas for sports that are normally played on grass. However, it is also used on lawns and in commercial applications. The main advantage of artificial turf is low cost of maintenance as there is no need to water it and trim it. Disadvantages include toxicity, limited lifetime, and the requirement for cleaning. Artificial turf is extremely popular in sporting industry - especially in US and regions where weather or heavy use makes it difficult to sustain high quality live turf.
Artificial grass was first used in 1966 when it was installed in the Houston Astrodome, the world's first domed indoor multipurpose sports stadium. During the stadium's inaugural season in 1965 its real grass failed to grow. By the second half of the season the field conditions were so bad that they installed artificial grass, called "Astroturf".
Environmental issues
There are several environmental concerns associated with artificial turf including loss of wildlife habitat, contaminated runoff, and migration of synthetic materials. Contaminants that are harmful to aquatic life, such as zinc, have been found in storm water runoff from artificial turf. Both infill particles and broken synthetic grass fibers can migrate away from yards or playing fields, contributing to microplastic pollution.
References
Other websites
Rubber pollution in a domestic environment . This article looks at how rubber crumb affects the environment.
List of the major synthetic turf benefits
Sports
Staind

Staind is an American rock band from Massachusetts, United States. The band was started in 1994. Its first album, Tormented was released in 1996. Staind's newest album, The Illusion of Progress was released on August 19, 2008. Some of its biggest hits have been Outside, It's Been Awhile, and So Far Away.
In 2013, They announced that they were going on hiatus but were not breaking up.
Band members
Aaron Lewis - Vocals/Acoustic Guitar
Mike Mushok - Guitars
Jon Wysocki - Drums
Johnny April - Bass Guitar
References
1994 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1994
Musical groups from Massachusetts
Post-grunge bands
Frederick Hopkins

Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins OM FRS (20 June 1861 - 16 May 1947) was an English chemist. He won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Christiaan Eijkman, for the discovery of vitamins.
References
1861 births
1947 deaths
English chemists
Order of Merit
Knights Bachelor
Fellows of the Royal Society
Presidents of the Royal Society
Alumni of University College London
British Nobel Prize winners
Underclass Hero

Underclass Hero is the fourth studio album by Canadian punk rock band, Sum 41. Underclass Hero was released on July 18, 2007, in Japan, July 23, 2007, in Canada and Europe and on July 24, 2007, in the United States.
The album featured the self-titled single "Underclass Hero", "Walking Disaster" and "With Me".
The album was the first that did not feature guitarist Dave Baksh who left the band On May 11, 2006, because of personal reasons. The album received mixed to negative reviews but also received success on the Canadian and on the United States album charts where it reached #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart and also at #7 on the U.S. Billboard 200.
The album was certified in both Canada and Japan where it sold 100,000 Units+ in Japan and 50,000 Units+ in Canada.
Songs
References
2007 albums
Pop punk albums
Sum 41 albums
Island Records albums
Rock albums
Anthem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

The State Anthem of the Azerbaijan SSR () was the national anthem of Azerbaijan when it was a republic of the Soviet Union. It was then known as the Azerbaijan SSR.
Background
The anthem was used from 1944 to 1992. It was composed by Uzeyir Hajibeyov, who also composed the March of Azerbaijan, the current national anthem of Azerbaijan. Suleyman Rustam, Samad Vurgun and Huseyn Arif wrote the lyrics which were changed in 1978 to remove mentions of Joseph Stalin. Like many national anthems of the republics of the Soviet Union, this song praised Vladimir Lenin (and formerly Joseph Stalin as well), the October Revolution and Communism. It also praised the friendship of the republics of the Soviet Union. It was the anthem of Azerbaijan when it gained independence until 1992 when the March of Azerbaijan was restored.
Lyrics
Post-Stalinist version (1978-92)
Azerbaijani lyrics
Translations
Original version (1944-78)
Azerbaijani lyrics
Translations
Related pages
National anthem of Azerbaijan
References
Other websites
MIDI file
Vocal recording in MP3 format
Lyrics - nationalanthems.info
National symbols of Azerbaijan
1944 establishments in the Soviet Union
1992 disestablishments
Anthems of Soviet Socialist Republics
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Nun

Nun is a woman who made a special vow (or promise) dedicating herself to a religious life. Catholic nuns are said to "take the veil" as a symbol of their new life. Roman Catholic nuns are the most commonly thought of nuns in the West, but nuns are found in different forms of Christianity as well as non-Christian religions such as Buddhism. A fully ordained Buddhist nun is called a bhikkhuni or bhiksuni; ordained novices are samaneri. A nun is the female version of a monk.
References
Other websites
Poor Clare nuns in Rockford, Illinois
A Blog about Being a Catholic Nun in Today's World
A Biography of a Vajrayana Buddhist Nun
Sakyadhita International Association of Buddhist Women
Alliance for Bhikkhunis
Christian religious occupations
Hackney Downs railway station

Hackney Downs railway station is in the London Borough of Hackney in east London. The station is served by Abellio Greater Anglia and London Overground, on the West Anglia route, and it is in Travelcard Zone 2.
The station is a short walk from Hackney Central, on the North London Line. Until Hackney Central's closure in 1944, a passenger connection linked the two stations. However, when Hackney Central reopened in 1985, the footway did not reopen, and passengers transferring between the two stations are obliged to leave the station and transfer at street level. The station was originally opened as Downs Junction Station.
The typical off-peak service from the station is:
10tph (trains per hour) to London Liverpool Street
2 operated by Abellio Greater Anglia
8 operated by London Overground
4tph to Chingford (London Overground)
2tph to Cheshunt via Seven Sisters (London Overground)
2tph to Enfield Town via Seven Sisters (London Overground)
2tph to Hertford East via Tottenham Hale (Abellio Greater Anglia)
Gallery
References
Other websites
Railway stations in the London Borough of Hackney
London Travelcard zone 2
Railway stations opened in 1872
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
1872 establishments in England
Ségou Region

The Segou Region is a region in Mali.
Regions of Mali
Hipparcos

Hipparcos is a satellite that was used to make the Hipparcos catalog of 118,000 stars with unprecedented precision. The European Space Agency (ESA) launched it in 1989 and it operated until 1983. It was named for the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus and is also an acronym for HIgh Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite.
References
Satellites
European Space Agency spacecraft
Fossil-fuel power station

A fossil-fuel power station is a power station that makes electricity by burning certain fuels. Its machines change the heat energy that comes from burning the fuels into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is then used to work an electrical generator. The generator makes the electricity. The fuels used in these kind of power stations are fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, which when burnt give off carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas. Fossil-fuel power stations are the biggest cause of global warming.
Types
Coal-fired power station
Gas-fired power station
Power plants
Tomás Carlovich

Tomas Felipe Carlovich (20 April 1949 - 8 May 2020) was an Argentine professional football player and coach. He was born in Rosario, Argentina. As a coach, he managed Central Cordoba. As a player, he played for Rosario Central, Central Cordoba and Independiente Rivadavia.
On 6 May 2020, Carlovich was beaten with a shovel by a robber in Rosario while riding his bike. He died two days later in a coma at a hospital from his injuries, aged 71.
References
1949 births
2020 deaths
Deaths by beating
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Murdered sportspeople
Argentine footballers
People from Rosario, Argentina
Giuseppe Farina

Emilio Giuseppe Farina, also known as Giuseppe Antonio "Nino" Farina (; 30 October 1906 - 30 June 1966) was an Italian racecar driver. He did Grand Prix motor racing. He is famous for his 'straight-arm' driving style, which many other drivers copied. He was the first ever Formula One World Champion.
He was born in Turin. He received his doctorate in law from the University of Turin. He died when he accidentally crashed his car in Aiguebelle, France.
References
1906 births
1966 deaths
Accidental deaths in France
Italian Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Turin
Road accident deaths
San Juan

San Juan is Spanish for "Saint John". It might mean:
San Juan, Puerto Rico, the capital of Puerto Rico
San Juan Province, Argentina
San Juan Province (Dominican Republic)
San Juan de la Maguana, a city in the province
San Juan Creek, a small river in Orange County, California
San Juan, Metro Manila
Related pages
Saint John (disambiguation)
Elkins, Arkansas

Elkins is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Saadat Husain

Sadat Hussain (24 November 1946 - 22 April 2020) was a Bangladeshi civil servant. He notably served as chairman of the Bangladesh Public Service Commission from 2007 to 2011. He was born in Noakhali District.
On 22 April 2020, Husain died of kidney disease and other causes at a Dhaka hospital. He was 73.
References
1946 births
2020 deaths
Bangladeshi people
Civil servants
Deaths from kidney disease
Hercules and the Circle of Fire

Hercules and the Circle of Fire is a made for television movie. It was the third of five pre-series movies, so it may be considered part of the TV series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys. When all the earth's fire begins to go out, Hercules and Deianeira must go in search for fire to stop the world from cold.
Plot synopsis
Hercules is walking through a snowy mountain top where he finds a woman in the cold, and goes to help her. He sees Zeus in a cave and a rock closes over the entrance. Hercules turns around and the woman calls out to him and freezes and explodes. Hercules wakes from a dream. He turns over and goes back to sleep. As he sleeps his camp-fire goes out. Next day Hercules and young man are walking through a cave with dead bodies strewn all over. The man tells Hercules that they are all men from his village and that the witch who guards the Fountain of Youth killed them for their youth and strength.
Later Hercules arrives at Chiron's house. Hercules gives him the water and he drinks it. The wound heals, but after a few seconds the wound worsens. Hercules tells him he will find a cure for his wound. Meanwhile, all over the village fires are being inexplicably extinguished. Hercules and Chiron are talking by the fire side and the fire goes out. Hercules realizes that something is amiss.
Zeus replies that he does, but he loves Hercules more. Hercules tells Zeus he loves him too. Zeus accepts what Hercules must do, and lets him go. Hercules goes through the fire and retrieves the Torch. He throws it and it lands in Prometheus's home, waking him. Fire begins to return. As Hercules lays dying in the circle, Zeus begs Hera not to harm Hercules or he will haunt her for eternity. Hercules takes the torch to Chiron's house and asks him to step inside a circle of straw. Chiron stands in the centre of the circle and Hercules lights the straw with the torch. Chiron drops to his knees and cries out. As the flames die out Chiron exclaims that his wound is healed. The flames had burned away his immortality and healed the wound.
Series continuity and notes
This movie is loosely based on the myth of Prometheus. The basic plot concept of Prometheus being captured, is similar to the first season Xena: Warrior Princess episode Prometheus, although in that episode mankind is robbed of the gift of healing not fire.
Main cast
Kevin Sorbo as Hercules
Tawny Kitaen as Deianeira
Anthony Quinn as Zeus
Awards
1 nomination in 1995 in the category Best Single Genre Television Presentation, in the Saturn Awards.
Other websites
Hercules and the Circle of Fire at Whoosh.org
1994 movies
1994 adventure movies
Television movies
Xenaverse
Hercules movies
Bourton-on-the-Water

Bourton-on-the-Water is a large village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England. It is surrounded by the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. 3,296 people live there making it a very large village, bigger than the nearby market towns of Burford and Stow-on-the-wold.
Villages in Gloucestershire
Civil parishes in Gloucestershire
Hirtzfelden

Hirtzfelden is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Cora Sue Collins

Cora Sue Collins (born April 19, 1927) is an American former child actress. She was known for her roles in Queen Christina, Anna Karenina, and All This, and Heaven Too.
References
Other websites
1927 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
Actors from West Virginia
Yousuf Karsh

Yousuf Karsh (December 23, 1908 - July 13, 2002) was a Canadian photographer. He had Armenian heritage. He was a portrait painter. His work includes portraits of statesmen, artists, authors, musicians, film directors, scientists, and other people that do important things. He was celebrated by a festival in 2009.
References
willy
Other websites
1908 births
2002 deaths
Canadian painters
Canadian photographers
2016–17 NLA season

The 2016-17 National League A season is the tenth ice hockey season of Switzerland's top hockey league, the National League A. Overall, it is the 79th season of Swiss professional hockey.
SC Bern is the defending champions.
Teams
Coaching changes
On September 22, 2016, Fribourg-Gotteron's Gerd Zenhausern was relieved of his duties of head coach after posting a 1-1-1-3 record through 6 games this season. It was later announced that Larry Huras would take over the job for the remainder of the season.
On October 1, 2016, the SCL Tigers fired head coach Scott Beattie after posting a 1-0-2-7 record through 10 games this season. He eventually went on to coach his final game that same day against EHC Kloten, which Langnau won 5-3. On October 2, 2016, it was announced that Heinz Ehlers would be Langnau's new head coach for the remainder of the season and through the 2017-18 season should the team stay in the NLA.
Arenas
Lausanne is playing its final season at Malley before playing two seasons in a temporary arena which will be located in the old city's slaughterhouse. Meanwhile, their new 10,000-seat arena will be built on the site of the old Malley.
This is Fribourg's last season in the current BCF Arena before it undergoes major renovations in the spring of 2017, which will last for about two years and increase the capacity from 6,500 to 8,500. The team should still be able to play in the arena during the renovations.
Regular season
Playoffs
References
Other websites
2016 in ice hockey
2017 in ice hockey
Heart (symbol)

The heart symbol is a symbol used to express affection or love, especially if it is romantic. A wounded heart symbol is used to express lovesickness, and is either shown pierced with an arrow or broken into two or more pieces.
Symbols
Bloomfield, Connecticut

Bloomfield is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 21,535 at the 2020 census.
References
Towns in Connecticut
Rob Corddry

Robert William "Rob" Corddry (born February 4, 1971) is an American movie, television, voice actor, television director and producer, writer and comedian who is known for his roles in Hot Tub Time Machine and in Childrens Hospital. He has won an Emmy Award in 2012 for Children Hospital.
Corddry was born on February 4, 1971 in Weymouth, Massachusetts. He studied at Weymouth North High School and at University of Massachusetts Amherst.
References
Other websites
1971 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American television directors
American television producers
Actors from Massachusetts
Writers from Massachusetts
Emmy Award winning actors
Vasopressin

Vasopressin (ADH, AVP) is the hormone which controls the production of urine in the bladder. It is secreted by the pituitary gland based on the salt concentration of the blood. It is negative feedback: the more concentrated the salt in the blood is, the more vasopressin is secreted, which in turn makes the kidney tubules more permeable, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the blood and creating less, but more concentrated, urine. It also triggers feelings of thirst.
Related pages
Peptide hormone
Hormones
Peptides
Juvénal Habyarimana

Juvenal Habyarimana (8 March 1937 - 6 April 1994) was the second President of Rwanda. He was president for almost twenty years, from 1973 until 1994. During his government, he favoured his own ethnic group, the Hutus. He was nicknamed "Kinani", a Kinyarwanda word meaning "invincible". Habyarimana was a dictator. He was suspected to have cheated in all of his elections.
On 6 April 1994, he was killed when his airplane was shot down close to Kigali. It was also carrying the President of Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira. His assassination caused tensions between Hutus and Tutsis to worsen, and helped start the Rwandan Genocide. Within 100 days, somewhere between 800,000 and 1 million Rwandans were massacred.
References
Other websites
1937 births
1994 deaths
Assassinated people
Aviation deaths
Presidents of Rwanda
Roman Catholics
Black Flag

Black Flag was an American hardcore punk band. They formed in California in 1976 and broke up in 1986. There were many different members in the band, but the leader was Greg Ginn. Ginn was the guitarist and wrote many of the songs.
Black Flag was one of the groups that created the hardcore punk style. They toured the United States and Canada to play many live shows. They influenced many other musicians and fans to make their own hardcore bands. The band's first album, Damaged (1981), has been recognized as a classic punk album and one of the most influential punk records ever made.
After breaking up, the lead singer Henry Rollins formed a new band by himself, Rollins Band and guitarist Greg Ginn worked on a separate career in the early 90s.
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
American punk bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Musical groups established in 1976
1976 establishments in California
Musical groups disestablished in 1986
1980s disestablishments in California
Musical groups established in 2003
2003 establishments in California
Musical groups disestablished in 2003
2003 disestablishments in the United States
2000s disestablishments in California
1986 disestablishments in the United States
Internet Broadway Database

The Internet Broadway Database (IBDb) is an online database of Broadway theatre productions and their personnel. It is operated by the Research Department of the League of American Theatres and Producers, a trade association for the North American commercial theatre community.
Other websites
Internet Broadway Database Official Website
League of American Theatres and Producers
Entertainment websites
Theater
Dunn index

The Dunn Index (DI) is a metric for judging a clustering algorithm. A higher DI implies better clustering. It assumes that better clustering means that clusters are compact and well-separated from other clusters.
There are many ways to define the size of a cluster and distance between clusters.
The DI is equal to the minimum inter-cluster distance divided by the maximum cluster size. Note that larger inter-cluster distances (better separation) and smaller cluster sizes (more compact clusters) lead to a higher DI value.
In mathematical terms:
Let the size of cluster C be denoted by:
Let the distance between clusters i and j be denoted by:
Algorithms
Statistics
Corridor

A corridor, hallway or passage is a long and narrow room that leads to others in a building or large vessel.
Rooms
Pawnee Rock, Kansas

Pawnee Rock is a city in Barton County, Kansas, United States.
Cities in Kansas
Tom Railsback

Thomas Fisher Railsback (January 22, 1932 - January 20, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He served eight terms in the United States Congress from 1967 to 1983 for in Moline. He was known for being one of the few Republicans to support the impeachment of Richard Nixon.
Railsback died on January 20, 2020, in Mesa, Arizona from a long-illness at the age of 87.
References
Other websites
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Political Graveyard
1932 births
2020 deaths
United States representatives from Illinois
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Alto dos Moinhos (Lisbon Metro)

Alto dos Moinhos station is part of the Blue Line of the Lisbon Metro and is located close to Estadio da Luz.
Lisbon Metro stations