pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Financial modelling

The financial model for a start-up is an exercise in creativity and forward-thinking. It's an opportunity for entrepreneurs to let their imagination run wild, finally voicing their visions on paper. As startups are generally risky investments, the financial model is a tool that helps investors evaluate the venture before committing funds. The main purpose of the startup financial model is to show investors that your company can reach profitability within a reasonable time frame and make them enough money to justify their investment.
Importance
Financial modeling is an integral part of the startup world. You can use models to predict future growth, understand the impact of certain decisions, and help raise funding. It's also a great tool to see how sensitive your business is to certain assumptions. You can change certain inputs to see how they affect your bottom line or different stages in your model. Models are also good tools for learning about new industries and understanding valuations (if you're looking at acquiring another business).
Types
Financial models are mathematical representations of a financial situation. They can range from simple to complex, depending on the purpose and users of the model. Different model types are appropriate for different purposes, such as long-term strategic planning or annual budgeting.
A company may use several different types of models at the same time. For example, a company may have a long-term strategic plan that it uses to inform its capital investment decisions, but it will also create an annual budget model to plan out how much cash it expects to spend and earn over the course of the year.
Examples
3 Statement Model
DCF Model
Industry-Specific Model
Financial modeling for startups
Financial modelling for startups is the creation of a financial representation of a startup business. It's used to forecast future cash flows and profitability.
Financial modelling is often used to assess a company's current financial health, its valuation and its potential for future growth. Financial modeling for startups is often used to prepare a document known as a pitch deck. This document is presented to investors and contains information such as: the company's business model, its target market, how it will make money, founders' backgrounds and its revenue projections.
A financial model is not complete without a full set of business assumptions that make up the model. These assumptions are typically broken down by revenue, cost of goods sold (COGS), operating expenses, depreciation and amortization (D&A) and capital expenditures (CAPEX). The process of building a startup financial model is usually referred to as financial modeling.
References
Finance
Boufflers

Boufflers is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
David Cawthorne Haines

David Cawthorne Haines (9 May 1970 - 13 September 2014) was a British aid worker. He was captured by the Islamic State in early 2013. He was later executed by beheading in early September 2014.
References
1970 births
2014 deaths
British people murdered abroad
English murder victims
Humanitarians
Kidnapped British people
Murders by blade weapons
People from Yorkshire
People murdered in Syria
Hurricane Fran

Hurricane Fran was a hurricane during the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season. This storm caused over $3 billion in damage. It killed 20-30 people. Fran struck North Carolina as a strong Category 3 hurricane with winds of . The name Fran was later retired and replaced by Fay for the 2002 Atlantic season.
Storm History
Hurricane Fran started from a tropical wave that moved off the western coast of Africa, entering the Atlantic Ocean, on August 22. The low pressure area became a tropical depression on August 23. Little changed for several days. By August 26, the storm had been disorganized.
On August 27, the storm grew into a tropical storm and was named Fran. On August 29, the storm intensified into a category 1 hurricane. The interaction with Hurricane Edouard led to weakening and the storm took a northwestward direction. When Edouard was gone, the storm grew into a category 1 hurricane again.
Fran grew in early September. By September 3, it the winds were at . The system started to develop an eye. By September 5, winds were at 120 mph (195 km/h) and its pressure was 946 mbar.
On September 6, the storm hit North Carolina with winds of . Once on land, the storm rapidly weakened. It moved through Virginia. It died on September 8.
Preparations
A Hurricane Watch was issued in the Lesser Antilles in late August. As Fran moved away, the watch was ended.
Hurricanes in Virginia
Hurricanes in North Carolina
Hurricanes in South Carolina
Retired tropical cyclone names
Wörth an der Donau

Worth an der Donau () is a town in Regensburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the left edge of the Danube, 22 km east of Regensburg.
References
Regensburg (district)
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region spanning Europe and Asia bordered on the north by Russia, on the east by the Caspian Sea, on the south by Iran, on the southwest by Turkey, and on the west by the Black Sea. Caucasia includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands.
The Caucasus Mountains are commonly recognised as a natural border between Asia and Europe. Countries in the Caucasus are considered to be in one or both continents, with Armenia and Azerbaijan considered transcontinental, and Georgia largely considered European. The northern portion of the Caucasus is known as the Ciscaucasus and the southern portion as the Transcaucasus. The highest peak in the Caucasus is Mount Elbrus (5,642 m) which, in the western Ciscaucasus in Russia, is generally considered the highest point in Europe.
List of countries
Sovereign states
Georgia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Disputed territories
Abkhazia - claimed but not controlled by Georgia
South Ossetia - claimed but not controlled by Georgia
Artsakh - claimed but not controlled by Azerbaijan
Autonomous republics of the Russian Federation
Dagestan
Chechnya
Kabardino-Balkaria
North Ossetia-Alania
Myths and Legends
The Biblical Mount Ararat where Noah's Ark landed is known as the landmark of the ancient Armenian realm. The peak of Ararat is seasonally capped with snow. In Greek mythology, the Caucasus or Kaukasos was one of the pillars supporting the world. Prometheus was chained there by Zeus. The Roman poet Ovid placed Caucasus in Scythia and said it was a cold and stony mountain which was the abode of personified hunger.
Related pages
Transcontinental nation
Indo-European languages
Languages of the Caucasus
Russian-Circassian War
References
Caucasus: A Journey to the Land Between Christianity and Islam By Nicholas Griffin
Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus By Svante E. Cornell
The Caucasus By Ivan Golovin
Other websites
BBC News: North Caucasus at a glance, September 8 2005
United Nations Environment Programme map: Landcover of the Caucasus
United Nations Environment Programme map: Population density of the Caucasus
Information about the history
Ottoman Empire
PlayStation Store

The PlayStation Store is an online market for users of Sony's PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita game consoles via the PlayStation Network.
Other websites
Media Go download page
US PlayStation Store information page on PlayStation.com
UK PlayStation Store information page on PlayStation.com
Japan PlayStation Store information page on PlayStation.com
European PlayStation Store updates
PlayStation
Dennebrœucq

Dennebroeucq is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Tadeusz Szelachowski

Tadeusz Szelachowski (7 April 1932 - 9 September 2020) was a Polish physician and politician. He was born in Sielachowskie, Poland. From 1981 to 1985, he was Minister of Health. Between 1985 to 1989, he was a member of Sejm.
Szelachowski died on 9 September 2020 in Warsaw, aged 88.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Polish politicians
Josh Ritter

Josh Ritter (born October 21, 1976) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and author. He performs and records with The Royal City Band. Ritter is known for his Americana style and narrative lyrics.
In 2006 he was named one of the "100 Greatest Living Songwriters" by Paste magazine.
References
Other websites
Josh Ritter collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive
2009 interview
Josh Ritter "So Runs the World Away" Review www.AwaitingTheFlood.com
1976 births
Living people
American singer-songwriters
American guitarists
American pianists
American rock musicians
American rock singers
American folk singers
American folk musicians
Musicians from Idaho
Singers from Idaho
Musicians from Ohio
Singers from Ohio
Writers from Ohio
Writers from Idaho
Leith Athletic F.C.

Leith Athletic F.C. is a football club which plays in Scotland.
Scottish football clubs
Northern California

Northern California is a region of California. The definitions of it vary, but it usually contains the area around San Francisco and Sacramento. About 15 million people live in Northern California.
Related pages
Southern California
Geography of California
Chico Heat

The Chico Heat is the name of two baseball teams that have operated in Chico, California.
Teams
The first was a professional team in the Western Baseball League from 1997 to 2002. The second team was a part of the summer collegiate wood bat league known as the Great West League. It began operations in 2014 and ended in 2018. The team's title sponsor was Golden Valley Bank.
Broadcasting
The original Chico Heat were broadcast on KPAY NewsTalk 1290 AM during their entire time. Area broadcaster Rory Miller was the "voice" of the team on the radio for the entire time. Miller also was the broadcaster for the second team on The Edge 101.7 FM. He broadcast with KPAY's Mike Baca.
The death of Steve Nettleton
On January 11, 2019, Heat founder and majority owner Steve Nettleton died at age 79. He had Parkinson's Disease.
Other websites
Chico Heat official website archives (archive.org)
1997 establishments in California
2016 establishments in the United States
2002 disestablishments in the United States
2018 disestablishments in the United States
Baseball teams in the United States
Pahariwood

Pahariwood is the name of a Kashmiri movie industry that is based in the city of Kotli. Pahari-Pothwari are the native tongues of the ethnic population of Kotli, Mirpur and other area of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
References
Cinema of Pakistan
Kashmir
Founder name is is Saleem Ahmed Qureshi this industry also work on Urdu English languages as well .
Leggiuno

Leggiuno is a comune in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Former football player Luigi Riva was born here.
Main sights
The frazione of Reno is home to the hermitage of Santa Caterina del Sasso, which overlooks Lake Maggiore.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Swann VR

Swann VR is a spatial memory training tool for Alzheimer's disease. It uses virtual reality. Users are given a map with objects placed in it, and they are to memorize it and find the items within the immersive environment. It was created by Taegh Sokhey an automotive executive and Northwestern University graduate. The application is designed to work with Oculus Rift and Rift S.
References
Dementia
SHA hash functions

In cryptography, the Secure Hashing Algorithms are a group of cryptographic hash functions released by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The algorithms take an input and produce a hash value (often shown in hexadecimal). The length of the hash depends on the digest length of the algorithm.
Family
SHA-0: It was the name used for the original Secure Hashing Algorithm that was released in 1993. It was no longer used because it was not safe to use and was quickly replaced with SHA-1.
SHA-1: It is the first name used for the official Secure Hashing Algorithm. It was released after a weakness in SHA-0. It was made by the National Security Agency (NSA). It was also found to be weak and unsafe.
SHA-2: It is one the most popular type of SHA. There are options to set the length (by changing the digest size) of the hash to 256 or 512 bits. SHA256 and SHA512 refer to these algorithms. It was also made by the National Security Agency.
SHA-3 (Keccak): The latest type of SHA. It was made by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michael Peeters and Gilles Van Assche. It was selected after a competition held by the NIST.
The Secure Hashing Algorithms, being Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) compliant algorithms are subject to the Cryptographic Algorithm Validation Program
References
Cryptography
Non-governmental organization

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a group of people from different countries acting together, but not connected with the government of any country. Usually non-governmental organizations are non-profit - that is, they are trying to do something other than make money for the people who run them. They include organisations such as 'Oxfam' and 'World Vision'.
Non-governmental organization (NGO) is a term that has become widely accepted as referring to a legally constituted, non-governmental organization created by natural or legal persons with no participation or representation of any government. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status and excludes government representatives from membership in the organization.
Government funding of NGOs is controversial, since, according David Rieff, writing in The New Republic, "the whole point of humanitarian intervention was precisely that NGOs and civil society had both a right and an obligation to respond with acts of aid and solidarity to people in need or being subjected to repression or want by the forces that controlled them, whatever the governments concerned might think about the matter."
Unlike the term intergovernmental organization, "non-governmental organization" is a term in general use but is not a legal definition. In many jurisdictions these types of organization are defined as "civil society organizations" or referred to by other names.
Top 6 NGOs In India
Child Rights and You (CRY).
Help Age India. ...
Human Rights Action Forum(HRAF)
K. C. Mahindra Education Trust (Nanhi Kali) ...
LEPRA India.
Pratham Education Foundation
Purpose Of NGO
NGO's work for uplifting the poor and backward sections of the community. Moreover, the main function which is performed by NGOs is to bridge the gap of inequalities and unfair treatments.
Related pages
International organization
Nonprofit organization
Transparency International
Quango
References
Non-profit organizations
Maya Lindholm

Maya Lindholm (born 20 December 1990) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She played at the 2011 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.
References
1990 births
Living people
German Paralympic gold medalists
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
We Can Work It Out

"We Can Work It Out" is a song by English rock band the Beatles. It was released as a double A-side single on 3 December 1965 on the same day as Rubber Soul. This was the first time a single was released with two A-sides in the United Kingdom. The single was number 1 in the United Kingdom. It was the seventh highest selling single of the 1960s in the UK. It was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney.
Personnel
According to Walter Everett, the line-up of musicians on the Beatles' recording was as follows:
Paul McCartney - double-tracked lead vocal, bass guitar
John Lennon - harmony vocal, acoustic guitar, harmonium
George Harrison - tambourine
Ringo Starr - drums
MacDonald said that some sources say the tambourine part was played by Harrison, but he thought thay Starr had probably played it. Everett said Harrison played it, as it was recorded at the same time as the other instruments. Guesdon and Margotin also said Harrison played it.
References
Sources
The Beatles songs
1965 songs
Deep Purple songs
Stevie Wonder songs
Chaka Khan songs
Viral culture

A Viral culture is a laboratory test in which the virus samples are placed with a cell medium that the virus being tested for is able to infect. If the cells show changes, known as cytopathic effects, then a culture is positive, meaning the test indicates infection.
The older way of viral culture has been replaced by shell vial culture, in which the sample is spun onto a single layer of cells and viral growth is measured by antigen detection ways. This shortens the time to detection for slow growing viruses such as cytomegalovirus, for which the method was developed.
Related pages
Cell culture
Instruments used in microbiology
Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
Viral plaque
References
Other websites
Medical tests
Virology
R62 (New York City Subway car)

The R62 is a Kawasaki train car that was completed in 1985. Its in service on the 1, and 3 lines. The numbers of this model are 1301-1625.It is expected to be replaced by R262s in 2023-2026. The R62 runs on the 1, 3, 6 and Shuttle lines (Grand Central to be exact). They are sometimes confused with the R62A.
New York City Subway
Try

A Try is one of the way of scoring points in rugby league and rugby union. A try is scored when a player grounds the ball in the opposition's in-goal area or behind the try line, or alternatively touching the base of the goalposts and ground at the same time. The scoring player must be holding on to the ball and should be applying downward pressure when it is grounded.
Rugby
Kamiel Buysse

Kamiel Buysse was a racing cyclist from Belgium. He was born on 8 July 1934 and died on 26 October 2020. Buysse rode in the 1959 Tour de France.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2020 deaths
Belgian cyclists
Assault

An assault is when a person attacks another. In law, it is considered a crime or tort. In common law, it is when somebody threatens or tries to physically hurt someone else. In order to be considered assault, the act must involve the ability to cause the harm. It does not necessarily have to involve touching the other person; that is called battery. In criminal law, an assault can be an attempted but unsuccessful battery. In some states or legal codes, the words "assault" and "battery" may mean the same thing.
There are several different kinds of assault. Each legal system has their own definitions.
A stronger form of assault is aggravated assault. This usually involves using a weapon that could easily be used to kill someone.
References
Types of crime
Violence
Kabul University

Kabul University (KU) (, ) is one of the major and oldest colleges in Afghanistan. It is located in the 3rd District of the capital Kabul, near the Ministry of Higher Education.
It was founded in 1931 during the government of Mohammed Nadir Shah and then Prime Minister Mohammad Hashim Khan.
It was attacked in 2019 and 2020.
References
1932 establishments in Asia
Colleges and universities in Asia
University
Organizations based in Afghanistan
Timothy Brown (actor)

Thomas Allen Brown (May 24, 1937 - April 4, 2020), known also as Timothy Brown and Timmy Brown, was an American singer, professional American football player, and actor. He was born in Richmond, Indiana. He played Capt. Spearchucker Jones in M*A*S*H. As a football player, he played for the Green Bay Packers, Philadelphia Eagles, and Baltimore Colts.
Brown died on April 4, 2020 in Palm Springs, California of dementia-related problems at the age of 82.
References
Other websites
1937 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in California
American football running backs
American movie actors
American television actors
Baltimore Colts players
Green Bay Packers players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Actors from Indiana
Sportspeople from Indiana
Singers from Indiana
People from Richmond, Indiana
Shame (movie)

Shame is a 2011 British erotic drama movie. The movie was written by Abi Morgan and Steve McQueen; he also directed. It was produced by Iain Canning and Emilie Sherman. It is distributed from Fox Searchlight Pictures in the United States. The movie stars Michael Fassbender as hypersexual thirty-something yuppie Brandon. He is an advertising executive who lives in New York City and is unable to manage his sex life and desires. Carey Mulligan plays his sister Sissy, who has borderline personality disorder and stays with him at his apartment. Shame is rated NC-17 (no children 17 and under admitted) for explicit sexuality.
Other websites
2011 drama movies
American erotic movies
Borderline personality disorder in fiction
British drama movies
English-language movies
Manhattan in fiction
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies about prostitution
Movies about siblings
Movies set in New York City
NC-17 rated movies
Fabrizio Romano

Fabrizio Romano (born 21 February 1993) is an Italian football journalist. He worked for Sky Sport Italy and is considered one of the most informed and reliable sources for transfer market news.
Early and personal life
Romano was born in Naples on 21 February 1993. He attended the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan. Romano is a fan of the Championship club Watford. He is multilingual and speaks English, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese.
1993 births
Living people
Italian journalists
Sue Casey

Sue Casey (April 8, 1926 - February 21, 2019) was an American actress. She appeared in over 85 productions between the years 1945 and 2002. She was born in Los Angeles, California
Casey starred in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947), Neptune's Daughter (1949), Annie Get Your Gun (1950), Show Boat (1951), Rear Window (1954), Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), Camelot (1967) and Paint Your Wagon (1969).
Casey died on February 21, 2019 at the age of 92.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2019 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Amber Montana

Amber Dawn Montana (born December 2, 1998) is an American actress. She is best known for her lead role in the Nickelodeon TV show The Haunted Hathaways as Taylor Hathaway.
Early life and career
She was born in Tampa, Florida. When she was eight years old she moved to California to pursue opportunities as an actress. In 2008 Amber got the role of a girl who is kidnapped in the movie She Could Be You. In 2012 he appeared on the Nickelodeon game show BrainSurge. In 2013 she landed the lead role in the Nickelodeon TV show The Haunted Hathaways.
Filmography
References
Other websites
1998 births
Living people
American child actors
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Tampa, Florida
South China Morning Post

The South China Morning Post (SCMP) is an English-language newspaper based in Hong Kong. It has a Sunday edition called the Sunday Morning Post. It is owned by Alibaba Group.
In 2016 there is a new owner for the newspaper. After that it has been alleged to be promoting China's power.
References
English-language newspapers published in Asia
1903 establishments
1900s establishments in Asia
Organisations based in Hong Kong
Sussan Ley

Sussan Penelope Ley (pron. ; ; born 14 December 1961) is an Australian politician. She is a member of the Liberal Party and has served as member of parliament (MP) for the New South Wales seat of Farrer since 2001. In 2022, she was elected Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party and became Deputy Opposition Leader.
She was a cabinet minister in the Abbott, Turnbull and Morrison governments.
Ley was born in Kano, Nigeria to English parents. She grew up in the United Arab Emirates and England before moving to Australia as a teenager.
She was the Minister for Education (2013-2014), Minister for Health (2014-2016), Sport (2014-2017), Aged Care (2015-2016), and Health and Aged Care (2016-2017). She resigned from the ministry in January 2017.
She was the Minister for the Environment before the Morrison government's defeat at the 2022 federal election.
References
1961 births
Living people
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Politicians from New South Wales
Tokyo Disney Resort

Tokyo Disney Resort is a theme park and resort in Japan, just east of Tokyo.
1980s establishments in Japan
1983 establishments in Asia
Disney theme parks
Buildings and structures in Tokyo
Chiba Prefecture
Growth

Growth means an increase in some quantity over time.
The quantity can be physical (e.g., growth in height, growth in an amount of money) or abstract (e.g., a system becoming more complex, an organism becoming more mature). It can also refer to the mode of growth, i.e. numeric models for describing how much a particular quantity grows over time:
Cell growth
Individual growth
Fungal growth
Auxology (Human development)
Human development (biology)
Growth "spurt" (rapid change in puberty)
Human development (psychology)
Population growth
Bacterial growth
Tumours can sometimes be referred to as a growth
Growth hormone
Economic growth
For financial growth due to simple interest or compound interest see Interest
Personal growth, i.e., Personal development
Mode
Linear growth
Logistic growth
Exponential growth
Basic English 850 words
Mill en Sint Hubert

Mill en Sint Hubert is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2021, about 11,000 people lived there.
Mill en Sint Hubert has been a part of Land van Cuijk since 2022.
References
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of North Brabant
Land van Cuijk
Waller, Texas

Waller is a city in Texas, United States, partly in Waller County and partly in Harris County within the metropolitan area. The population was 2,326 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Harris County, Texas
All-Russian nation

The All-Russian nation was an ideology of the Russian Empire and the official terms given to and established by the East Slavic nations and people before the Russian Revolution and the formation of the Soviet Union. During the era of Tsarism, the word "Russia" meant [[Kievan Rus'|Rus]] and "Russian(s)" simply meant Rusian. It is completely unassociated with the post-revolution definition of Russia that is known today; In particular, this ideology iterated that the empire was a nation-state of all East Slavs, not Russians; For example, Russia and the Russian people weren't even considered "Russian" but were instead officially entitled Velikorossiia i Velikorossy''' (Great Rus' & Great Rusians)''. As of the 21st century, Belarus is the only nation to keep its original name after the fall of the Russian Empire.
References
History of Russia
History of the Soviet Union
Nationalism
Prime Minister of Azerbaijan

The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The President of Azerbaijan chooses the Prime Minister. The office of President has more powers than the office of Prime Minister. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.
List of Heads of Government of Azerbaijan (1918-Present)
Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918-1920)
Prime Ministers
Fath Ali Khan Khoyski (28 May 1918 - 14 April 1919)
Nasib Yusifbeyli (14 April 1919 - 1 April 1920)
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (1922-1936) and Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-1991)
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
Nariman Narimanov (May 1921 - April 1922)
Gazanfar Musabekov (April 1922 - October 1928)
Dadash Bunyadzade (October 1928 - February 1932)
Mir Jafar Baghirov (February 1932 - December 1933)
Huseyn Rahmanov (December 1933 - June 1937)
Teymur Guliyev (June 1937 - 15 March 1946)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
Teymur Guliyev (15 March 1946 - April 1953) (1st time)
Mir Jafar Baghirov (April - 7 July 1953)
Teymur Guliyev (July 1953 - 1 March 1954) (2nd time)
Sadykh Rahimov (1 March 1954 - 8 July 1958)
Vali Akhundov (8 July 1958 - 10 July 1959)
Mammad Iskenderov (10 July 1959 - 29 December 1961)
Anvar Alikhanov (29 December 1961 - 10 April 1970)
Ali Ibrahimov (10 April 1970 - 22 January 1981)
Hasan Seyidov (22 January 1981 - 27 January 1989)
Ayaz Mutallibov (27 January 1989 - 25 January 1990)
Hasan Hasanov (25 January 1990 - 7 February 1991)
Republic of Azerbaijan (1991-Present)
Related pages
President of Azerbaijan
National Assembly of Azerbaijan
List of political parties in Azerbaijan
References
Azer
Government of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani politicians
Modern Romance

Modern Romance is a 1981 romantic comedy directed by Albert Brooks (who also stars) and also starring James L. Brooks, Bruno Kirby, Kathryn Harrold, George Kennedy, Albert Henderson. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Other websites
1981 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Albert Brooks
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies set in California
Movies about filmmaking
Butte County, California

Butte County is a county in the state of California. It is in the United States. The county borders Tehama County to the north and Glenn County to the west. It is in the north part of the Central Valley of California. Butte County was founded in 1850.
Its county seat is Oroville, and its biggest city is Chico. The county has a land area of 1,677 square miles (4,343 square kilometers), 38 square miles (98 square kilometers) of which is water. The Sacramento River flows along it in a north-south direction and the Feather River flows through it in an east-west direction. The Sierra Nevada mountains rise above the county on the east side.
California State Route 32, California State Route 70, and California State Route 99 run through the county. Airports in the county include Chico Municipal Airport, Oroville Municipal Airport, Paradise Airport, Ranchaero Airport and Richvale Airport.
Other websites
Butte County Official Website
1850 establishments in California
Khalid of Saudi Arabia

Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( ; 13 February 1913 - 13 June 1982) was the King of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982. He was the fourth ruler of the country.
Khalid died of a heart attack in Ta'if, Saudi Arabia, aged 69.
References
1913 births
1982 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Kings of Saudi Arabia
Jerry Collins

Jerry Collins (4 November 1980 - 5 June 2015) was a professional New Zealand rugby union player. He played for the All Blacks between 2001 and 2007. At the time of his death, he was playing for RC Narbonne. He also played for the Hurricanes, Wellington, Toulon, Ospreys, Yamaha Jubilo.
Collins was born in Apia, Samoa. He grew up in Porirua, Wellington. He and his partner, Alana, had a daughter, Ayla.
Collins and his partner were killed in a car accident on 5 June 2015 near Beziers, Herault in southern France. He was 34. His three-month-old daughter was badly injured and was flown to a Montpellier hospital.
References
Other websites
Jerry Collins at AllBlacks.com
1980 births
2015 deaths
New Zealand rugby union players
Sportspeople from Wellington
RC Toulonnais players
Road accident deaths
31st G8 summit

The 31st G8 summit took place from 6 to 8 July 2005 at the Gleneagles Hotel in Auchterarder, Scotland and hosted by Prime Minister Tony Blair. The locations of previous G8 summits to have been hosted by the UK include: London (1977, 1984, 1991); and Birmingham (1998). It is the first G8 summit to be held in Scotland. A sixth UK summit was held in Lough Erne in 2013; and a seventh UK summit was held in Carbis Bay in 2021.
Leaders who went there
The G8 is an unofficial yearly meetup for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The 31st G8 summit was the last summit for Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin and German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder.
Participants
Issues
The summit was meant to be a place for fixing problems among its members. It was also seen as an opportunity for members to give each other encouragement in the face of hard economic decisions. The United Kingdom aimed to stop the problem of conflict among the G8 nations.
References
G8
2005 in the United Kingdom
2000s in Scotland
Playaz Circle

Playaz Circle is an American hip hop duo signed to the Def Jam Recordings record label. The group was established in 1997 by rappers 2 Chainz (then known as Tity Boi) and Dolla Boy. Before they began recording in 2007, Dolla Boy was incarcerated and Tity Boi was shot. They were discovered by Ludacris and he signed them to his record label DTP. They are best known for their hit single "Duffle Bag Boy" that features Lil Wayne. In 2013, they broke up to work individually.
Discography
Albums
Singles
References
References
Musical duos
1997 establishments in the United States
Musical groups from Georgia (U.S. state)
Musical groups established in 1997
1990s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Hennessy

Jas Hennessy & Co. is a company that makes cognac. Its headquarters are in Cognac, France. The company sells more than 50 million bottles a year worldwide. It is the world's largest Cognac maker. It is owned by Moet Hennessy, which is co-owned by LVMH (66%) and Diageo (34%).
History
Hennessy was established in 1765 by Irishman Richard Hennessy. His son James created the brand Hennessy and named the company Jas Hennessy & Co. He greatly expanded his father's business. While an Irishman, he served in the French Navy. He set up the distillery on the Charent River in Cognac.
The company has been run by eight generations of Hennessys. Their master distillers have been seven generations of the Fillioux family. In 1971 in a merger with champagne maker Moet et Chandon, Kilian Hennessy changed the company name to Moet Hennessy.
International sales
In 1795 they sold theory cognac in North America. In 1840 Hennessy set up an agency in London for their products. In 1868 they exported to Japan followed by China in 1872. In 1992 Hennessy celebrated their 200th anniversary. They chartered a sailing ship and named it the "Spirit of Hennessy".
In 2009 Hennessy produced a limited edition of Hennessy VS in honor of US President Barack Obama. In gold lettering the bottles are marked "In Honour of the 44th President". Currently their biggest market is China.
References
Other websites
Hennessy
About Hennessy Cognac
Drink companies
Companies of France
1765 establishments
18th-century establishments in Europe
Phạm Minh Chính

Pham Minh Chinh (born 10 December 1958) is a Vietnamese politician. In 2021, he became the Prime Minister of Vietnam.
References
1959 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Vietnam
Jefferson County, Tennessee

Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 54,683 people lived there. The county seat is Dandridge.
References
Tennessee counties
Prempeh I

Prempeh I (Otumfuo Nana Prempeh I, 18 December 1870 - 12 May 1931) was the thirteenth king of the Asante state of the Kingdom of Ashanti. He ruled from March 26, 1888 until his death in 1931.
References
Kings and queens
1870 births
1931 deaths
Philippe Washer

Philippe Washer (; 6 August 1924 - 27 November 2015) was a Belgian tennis player. He competed in the Davis Cup a number of times, from 1946 to 1961. He was born in Brussels, Belgium. Washer retired from tennis in 1961.
Washer died on 27 November 2015 in Knokke, West Flanders, Belgium from heart failure at the age of 91.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2015 deaths
Golfers
Sportspeople from Brussels
Male tennis players
Lumpenproletariat

In Marxism, the Lumpenproletariat ("rag-proletariat" in German) is class of people who are at lowest level of society and do not have class consciousness (awareness about their place in the class struggle). Generally they are unemployable or are criminals.
Some left-wing activists believe that the lumpenproletariat the "most exploited" class of people and therefore the most revolutionary, but others think that they cannot be organized into revolutionary forces and are more likely to be paid agents who are hired to stop revolution.
References
Marxism
Social classes
Tropical cyclone warnings and watches

Warnings and watches are two levels of alert issued by national weather forecasting bodies to coastal areas threatened by the imminent approach of a tropical cyclone of tropical storm or hurricane strength. They are notices to the local population and civil authorities to make appropriate preparation for the cyclone, including evacuation of vulnerable areas where necessary. It is important that interests throughout the area of an alert make preparations to protect life and property, and do not disregard it on the strength of the detailed forecast track. Tropical cyclones are not points, and forecasting their track remains an uncertain science.
Watch
A tropical storm watch is issued by the National Hurricane Center when tropical storm effects are a possible threat to an area within 48 hours. Tropical storm effects include winds from 39 to 73 mph (35 to 64 knots, 63 to 117 km/h). Maritime flags indicate this with a single square red flag.
Warning
A tropical storm warning is issued when tropical storm effects are expected within 36 hours or less. Maritime flags indicate this with two square red flags.
Other websites
NHC - watches and warnings
Tropical cyclones
Sunnfjord (municipality)

Sunnfjord is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is in the traditional district of Sunnfjord. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Forde. Other villages in the municipality include Naustdal, Sande, Vassenden, and Skei.
Famous people
Kjell Opseth (d. 2017), politician, minister (government)
Municipalities of Norway
Coucy-lès-Eppes

Coucy-les-Eppes is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
First Battle of the Masurian Lakes

The First Battle of the Masurian Lakes was a German offensive on the Eastern Front during the early part of World War I. It started on 7 September and ended on 14 September 1914. The battle was the second heavy defeat of a Russian army by the Germans. The first defeat was at the Battle of Tannenberg. At Masurian Lakes the Germans pushed the Russian 1st Army back out of Germany. They could not push the Russians back further because of the arrival of the Russian Tenth Army on the Germans' left flank (side). The Russians suffered a defeat and retreated losing about 125,000 men and 150 guns.
The strategy
Paul von Hindenburg, general of the German Eighth Army, knew the swampy area of East Prussia called the Masurian Lakes. He thought the Russians might attack there so he made plans in case of such an attack. At this time of the war, the Germans knew what the Russians were planning because they could read their messages. The Russians planned their attack on East Prussia with little intelligence of the area. They had no rail transport to move troops. They failed to plan for enough food and ammunition and moved only with horses and infantry. But they had superior numbers and were confident they could defeat the Germans.
When the two Russian armies first moved into East Prussia to form a pincer attack, Hindenburg completely defeated the Russian Second Army at the Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914. There the German victory came when German general Hermann von Francois disobeyed orders and attacked the Russian flank. Hindenburg then turned his army north to attack the Russian First Army at the Masurian Lakes in September. Francois played a major part in this second victory when his First Corps forced back the Russian flank. Under their general, Paul von Rennenkampf, the Russians dug in. He made use of the lakes, rivers and other natural obstacles. Hindenburg used frontal attacks to hold the Russians while his armies tried to surround the Russian trenches. Using a counterattack to hide his movements, Rennenkampf moved his army back to prevent them being surrounded. Over a period of several days the Russian army lost ground. The Russians fought hard but were driven back to the Russian border. Rennenkampf kept his troops in good order as they retreated.
The aftermath
The loss of 125,000 soldiers did little damage to the 800,00 -man Russian Army. But it also meant a loss of about 150 artillery cannons. At the time these were very valuable for the old Russian army. The Germans also had heavy casualties. This showed the German advantage of their modern rail system for supplying and arming their soldiers. But, the push made by the Germans into Russia caused their defeat at the Battle of Augustov. The victories at Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes made Hindenburg a hero in Germany. As a result of his fame, in 1916 he became Chief of the German Staff.
References
Other websites
Tannenberg - drama of the world war: the first battle of the Masurian lakes
Battle of the Masurian Lakes; Russians Withdraw from East Prussia
Battles of World War I
Military of Germany
Military of Russia
1910s in Russia
1914 in Europe
September events
Raymond Gravel

Raymond Gravel (November 4, 1952 - August 11, 2014) was an Canadian Catholic priest from the Canadian province of Quebec. He was formerly the Member of Parliament for the riding of Repentigny, as a member of the Bloc Quebecois. He was elected to the House of Commons in a November 27, 2006 by-election following the death of Benoit Sauvageau.
Gravel died of lung cancer in Lanaudiere, Quebec. He was 61.
References
Other websites
Montreal Gazette: "Controversial priest wants Bloc Repentigny nomination" . The Gazette, October 25, 2006.
1952 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Quebec
Deaths from lung cancer
Politicians from Quebec
Roman Catholic priests
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Yörüks

The Yoruks, also Yuruks or Yorouks (; , Youroukoi; ; , Juruci), are a Turkish ethnic subgroup of Oghuz descent, some of whom are nomadic, primarily inhabiting the mountains of Anatolia, and partly in the Balkan peninsula. On the Balkans Yoruks are distributed over a wide area from southern Serbia, North Macedonia parts of Bulgaria, north to Larissa in Thessaly and southern Thrace. Their name derives from the Turkish verb yuru- (yurumek in infinitive), which means "to walk", with the word yoruk or yuruk designating "those who walk on the hindlegs, walkers". The Yoruks were under the Yoruk Sanjak, () which was not a territorial unit like the other sanjaks, but a separate organisational unit of the Ottoman Empire.
Yoruks was settled in the Balkan especially in North Macedonia and the Amuca tribe in East Thrace, a subgroup of the Yoruks, at the time of Ottoman Empire, the yoruk move into the Balkan mountains with their herds of sheep, Cows and goats, they live there on the alp called Yayla in Turkish, they make cheese from sheep and goat and cows Milk. Yoruks have preserved ancient turkish traditions such as Camel wrestling and Turkish Oil Wrestling of Men.
According to some, those tribes residing in the east of the Kizilirmak river are called Turkmen people and those in the west Yoruk. Both terms were used together in Ottoman sources for Dulkadirli Turkmens living in Maras and its surroundings. The ethnohistorical terms Turcoman and Turkmen are used synonymously in literature to designate Yoruk ancestry. Today they live mostly in houses in the valleys and plains and have preserved fair hair and a fair complexion, and blue or greyish-blue eyes of their Oghuz ancestors. They hold many of their Pre-Islamic, old Tengrism culture in Lifestyle, The Boys got a big Sunnet-celebration, and Yoruk Festival is hold in Turkey at differet Places,.
The majority now are settled but some live a semi-nomadic lifestyle. Yoruk's Ancestry are proud of there Heritage and Background. There are several Yoruk tribes. Generally Yoruks hold strictly Endogamy marriages.
References
Earls Colne

Earls Colne is a village and civil parish in Braintree distrct, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 3389 people living in Earls Colne.
References
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Chris Mitchell

Christopher Philip Mitchell (21 July 1988 - 6 May 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer. Mitchell played for Falkirk, Ayr United, Bradford City, Queen of the South and Clyde. He was born in Stirling, Scotland. Mitchell won seven caps for the Scotland national under-21 football team.
Mitchell died on 6 May 2016, aged 27.
References
Other websites
Scotland stats at Scottish FA
1988 births
2016 deaths
Footballers from Stirling
Rook

Rook or rooks may refer to:
Rook (bird) (Corvus frugilegus), a member of the corvid family
Rook (chess), a piece in chess. Name derives from Rukh
Rooks County, Kansas
Sukhoi Su-25 or Rook, a close air support aircraft
Related pages
Dmitry Svetushkin

Dmitry Svetushkin (; ; 25 July 1980 - 4 September 2020) was a Moldovan chess player. He was awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 2002.
He won the Moldovan Chess Championship in 2000. He tied for first with Johan Hellsten and Marcin Szymanski in the Ikaros Chess Festival 2003.
Svetushkin died on 4 September 2020, aged 40.
References
1980 births
2020 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Moldovan people
South Jamaica, Queens

South Jamaica is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. It is located south of Jamaica Avenue in Jamaica, Queens, New York. Its border to the west is the Van Wyck Expressway. Its border to the east is Guy R. Brewer Boulevard. Its border to the south is the North Conduit Expressway.
Queens (New York City)
Neighborhoods of New York City
2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage

The knockout stage of the 2022 FIFA World Cup is the second and last stage of the tournament, which is after the group stage. It will start on 3 December with the round of 16 and will end on 18 December 2022 with the final match, in Lusail Iconic Stadium in Lusail. The top two teams from each group (sixteen in total) will advance to the knockout stage to play in a single-elimination tournament. A third place play-off will be played between the two losing teams of the semi-finals.
All times listed are local, AST (UTC+3).
Format
In the knockout stage, if a match is tied at the end of 90 minutes of normal playing time, extra time will be played (two halves that are 15 minutes each). If it is still tied after extra time, the match will be decided by a penalty shoot-out.
Qualified teams
The top two placed teams from each of the eight groups will qualify for the knockout stage.
Bracket
Round of 16
Netherlands vs United States
Argentina vs Australia
France vs Poland
England vs Senegal
Japan vs Croatia
Brazil vs South Korea
Morocco vs Spain
Portugal vs Switzerland
Quarter-finals
Croatia vs Brazil
Netherlands vs Argentina
Morocco vs Portugal
England vs France
Semi-finals
Argentina vs Croatia
France vs Morocco
Third place play-off
Final
References
Other websites
2022 FIFA World Cup
Banat

Banat (, ; ; ) is a geographical and historical region in Central and Eastern Europe. It is a part of three countries. The eastern part is in western Romania, the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia, and a small northern part is in southeastern Hungary. The region is mostly populated by ethnic Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians.
Geography
Banat is the part of the Pannonian Basin with the Danube to the south, the Tisza to the west, the Mures to the north and the Southern Carpathians to the east. Banat has an area of 28,526 km2. Romanian Banat has an area of 18,966 km2, Serbian Banat has an area of 9,276 km2, and Hungary 284 km2.
Romanian Banat is mountainous in the south and southeast. In the north, west and southwest it is flat and sometimes marshy.
References
Citations
Sources
Divided regions
Regions of Europe
Regions of Romania
Geography of Serbia
Geography of Hungary
Disney Renaissance

The Disney Renaissance was an era of Disney animated features from 1989 to 1999 when Disney made movies that were successful with critics and audiences. Between the years 1989 and 1994 came The Little Mermaid (1989), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), and The Lion King (1994). These films earned Oscar nominations and wins. The Rescuers Down Under (1990) is the only film of Disney Renaissance that bombed at the box office. Later Disney animated films released in the mid to late 1990s included Pocahontas (1995), The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), Hercules (1997), Mulan (1998), and Tarzan (1999).
The Walt Disney Company