pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Iron sulfide

Iron sulfide is the chemical compound FeS, a black solid. It is made of iron and sulfide ions. FeS has iron in its +2 oxidation state. It reacts with acids such as hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen sulfide gas.
In plural, "iron sulfides" may refer to a range of chemical compounds composed of iron and sulfur. For example to FeS2 (iron disulfide) found in the ground as the mineral pyrite. FeS2 is shiny like a metal and has a bright golden color. That's why it is sometimes called "fool's gold".
Natural minerals
By increasing order of stability:
Iron(II) sulfide, FeS, the less stable amorphous form;
Greigite, a form of iron(II,III) sulfide (Fe3S4), analog to magnetite, Fe3O4;
Pyrrhotite, Fe1-xS (where x = 0 to 0.2), or Fe7S8;
Troilite, FeS, the endmember of pyrrhotite;
Mackinawite, Fe1+xS (where x = 0 to 0.1);
Marcasite, or iron(II) disulfide, FeS2 (orthorhombic);
Pyrite, or iron(II) disulfide, FeS2 (cubic), the more stable endmember, known as fool's gold.
Iron compounds
You Don't Own Me

"You Don't Own Me" is a popular song. This single was recorded by Lesley Gore when she was 17 years old in 1963. It was written by Philadelphia songwriters David White and John Madara. The song hit #2 on the Billboard Pop Singles Chart in the United States. It was #2 for three straight weeks during February 1964.
The song is about a woman telling her man he should never tell her what to do or what to say. The man should also not put her on display. It is considered to be a feminist anthem with a connection to the civil rights movement.
Other singers have covered the song, like Dusty Springfield, Joan Jett and Grace Sewell.
Lyrics
You don't own me
I'm not just one of your many toys
You don't own me
Don't say I can't go with other boys
And don't tell me what to do
Don't tell me what to say
And please, when I go out with you
Don't put me on display 'cause
You don't own me
Don't try to change me in any way
You don't own me
Don't tie me down 'cause I'd never stay
I don't tell you what to say
I don't tell you what to do
So just let me be myself
That's all I ask of you
I'm young and I love to be young
I'm free and I love to be free
To live my life the way I want
To say and do whatever I please
And don't tell me what to do
Oh, don't tell me what to say
And please, when I go out with you
Don't put me on display
I don't tell you what to say
Oh, don't tell you what to do
So just let me be myself
That's all I ask of you
I'm young and I love to be young
I'm free and I love to be free
References
1963 songs
Pop songs
Songs with feminist themes
Blue-eyed soul songs
Lesley Gore songs
Joan Jett and The Blackhearts songs
Bette Midler songs
Dusty Springfield songs
Bingham County, Idaho

Bingham County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 45,607 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Blackfoot.
Communities
Cities
Aberdeen
Atomic City
Basalt
Blackfoot
Firth
Shelley
Census-designated places
Fort Hall (part)
Groveland
Moreland
Riverside
Rockford
Unincorporated communities
Finn
Pingree
Springfield
Sterling
Woodville
References
1880s establishments in Idaho Territory
1885 establishments in the United States
Idaho counties
Kiune Fletcher

Kiune Fletcher (born 14 May 2002) is a Trinidad and Tobago female volleyball player. She was part of the Trinidad and Tobago women's national volleyball team.
She participated in the 2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix and 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.
References
Other websites
Fletcher fires women to first win, Guardian Media Dec 09 2019
2002 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago volleyball players
Roman Lyashenko

Roman Yurievich Lyashenko (May 1, 1979 - July 7, 2003) was a Russian professional ice hockey centre. Lyashenko played two seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Dallas Stars and New York Rangers.
Before he played in the NHL, he played 3 seasons in the RSL with Yaroslavl Torpedo. He was drafted with the 52nd overall pick by the Dallas Stars in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He has also played 15 games in the IHL with the Michigan K-Wings and Utah Grizzlies, as well as playing 2 seasons in the AHL with the Utah Grizzlies and Hartford Wolf Pack.
On July 7, 2003, Lyashenko committed suicide while on vacation in Antalya, Turkey with his mother and sister. Turkish police said that Lyashenko left a suicide note and tried to cut his wrists and arms before he hung himself. Glen Sather, general manager of the New York Rangers said "Roman was a quality individual who had a positive impact on everyone he touched, both on and off the ice." Dallas Stars general manager Doug Armstrong also said: "Roman was a quality young man who we were privileged to have in our organization for three years." Lyashenko was buried in Yaroslavl on July 12, 2003.
References
Other websites
1979 births
2003 deaths
American Hockey League players
Dallas Stars players
New York Rangers players
Russian ice hockey players
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Suicides by hanging
Utah Grizzlies (AHL) players
International Hockey League (1945-2001) players
Ice hockey centres
Bronson, Michigan

Bronson is a city in Branch County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
Achères, Yvelines

Acheres is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Yvelines department in north-central France.
References
Communes in Yvelines
List of rulers of Wales

This is a list of Welsh rulers from 825 until 1282 when Wales was incorporated into England and then rulers from 1282 until 1707 of English Wales. These rulers were primarily prince of Wales but ruled the majority of Wales beginning in 825 which is where this list begins and the fact that in 825 England occupied land now in Wales as part of the English kingdoms (see Heptarchy)
House of Gwynedd & Deheuebarth
Merfyn Frych (825-844) the Freckled
Rhodri Mawr (844-878) the Great
Anarawd ap Rhodri (878-916)
Idwal Foel (916-942) the Bald
Hywel Dda ap Cadell (942-950) the Good
Iago ab Idwal (950-974)
Hywel ab leuaf (974-985) the Bad
Cadwallon ab leuaf (985-986)
Interregnum (986-999)
Maredudd ap Owain (999-1005)
Aeddan ap Blegywryd (1005-1018)
Llywelyn ap Seisyll (1018-1023)
House of Gwynedd
Interregnum (1023-1039)
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (1039-1063)
Interregnum (1063-1081)
Gruffyd ap Cynan (1081-1137) ruled with ap Rhys (1135-1137)
Gruffydd ap Rhys (1135-1137) ruled with ap Cynan (1135-1137)
Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd (1137-1170)
Dafydd and Rhodri ap Owain (1170-1194)
Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (1194-1240) the Great
Dafydd ap Llywelyn (1240-1246)
Llywelyn the Last (1246-1282) the Last
Claims after Llywelyn the Last
Dafydd ap Gruffydd (1282-1283) (not crowned but claimed the title)
Madog ap Llywelyn (1294-1295) (not crowned but claimed the title)
Owain ap Tomas ap Rhodri (Owen the Red Hand) (1372-1378) (in exile but claimed the title)
House of Plantagenet
Edward I (1282-1307)
Edward II (1307-1327)
Edward III (1327-1377)
Richard II (1377-1399)
House of Lancaster
Henry IV (1399-1413)
Henry V (1413-1422)
Henry VI (1422-1461) (1470-1471)
House of York
Edward IV (1461-1470) (1471-1483)
Edward V (1483)
Richard III (1483-1485)
House of Tudor
Henry VII (1485-1509)
Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Edward VI (1547-1553)
Mary I (1553-1558)
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
House of Stuart
James I (1603-1625)
Charles I (1625-1649)
Commonwealth (Lord Protectors)
Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658)
Richard Cromwell (1658-1659)
House of Stuart
Charles II (1660-1685)
James II (1685-1688)
William III (1689-1702)
Mary II (1689-1694)
Anne (1702-1707)
After
Technically Wales didn't become a country and remained part of England until 1998 until the act of Devolution in 1998 making it it's own country although remaining part of the United Kingdom.
References
Welsh people
wel
Rulers
Rosé Quartet

The Rose Quartet was a string quartet formed by Arnold Rose in 1882.
The group played together for 55 years, until 1938. Arnold Rose was the first violin for the whole of that time, but the other members changed. Julius Egghard played the second violin at first; then it was Albert Bachrich, until 1905 when Paul Fischer joined. The viola player was Anton Loh, then Hugo von Steiner until 1901, then Anton Ruzitska; after 1920, Max Handl played the viola. Eduard Rose, Arnold's brother, was the cellist at first, but left after one season he left to get married and was replaced by Reinhold Hummer. The next cellist was Friedrich Buxbaum; cellist Anton Walter joined in 1921, but later on Buxbaum took over once more.
The group were particularly famous between 1905 and 1920, with Rose, Fischer, Ruzitska, and Buxbaum. They were known for their great performances of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven, but also some more modern composers including Arnold Schoenberg.
The group often gave the first Vienna performances of works by Brahms, including his Clarinet Quintet and his Quintet in G major Opus 111. It also gave the first performance of Schoenberg's first and second string quartets and the sextet Verklarte Nacht in which they were joined by two other members of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra: Franz Jelinek, viola, and Franz Schmidt, cello.
String quartets
Vera Lynn

Dame Vera Margaret Lynn CH DBE (nee Welch; 20 March 1917 - 18 June 2020) was an English singer and actress. Lynn was born in East Ham, Essex. She began performing in public at age seven and she started using her grandmother's maiden name (Lynn) as her stage name. Her first radio broadcast was in 1935 with the Joe Loss Orchestra. At this time she was being featured on records released by dance bands including those of Loss and of Charlie Kunz.
She was popular during World War II. Her best known songs are We'll Meet Again and The White Cliffs of Dover.
Lynn worked a lot with charities for former military servicemen, disabled children, and breast cancer. Veterans of the Second World War still admire her. She was named the Briton who best exemplified (the best example of) the spirit of the twentieth century, in 2000.
Vera Lynn's album We'll Meet Again: The Very Best of Vera Lynn went to #1 in the United Kingdom. This made her the oldest living artist to top the U.K. album charts. The album is some of her recordings made for Decca Records. Lynn recorded for Decca between 1936 and 1959. The album reached number one on the UK Albums Chart on 13 September 2009. The album entered the chart at number 20 on 30 August. It then climbed to number 2 the following week, before reaching the top position.
The 1964 movie Dr. Strangelove, starring Peter Sellers and George C. Scott, ends with a world-ending war of atomic bombs. The scene uses Vera Lynn's song We'll Meet Again.
Lynn died on 18 June 2020 at the age of 103 in East Sussex.
Albums
Movies
References
Other websites
Q&A with TIME Magazine in September 2009
Dame Vera Lynn Trust for Children with Cerebral Palsy
People buried in Westminster Abbey
1917 births
English centenarians
English pop singers
English singers
English singer-songwriters
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Musicians from Essex
People from East Ham
2020 deaths
Sacrilege

Sacrilege involves doing or saying something that goes against something sacred. This does not just apply to religious things, but any person, place, or thing which is considered too important to be criticised.
Related pages
Heresy
Profanity
Blasphemy
Taboo
Theology
Atwood, Kansas

Atwood is a city in Rawlins County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Rawlins County. In 2010, 1,194 people lived there.
History
In 1875, T.A. Andrews and J.M. Matheny went to Rawlins County. They started a town site about two miles east of the current city. The city of Attwood (with two t's) was named after Attwood Matheny. He was the 14-year-old son who went with his father on the trip. In 1882, the U.S. Post Office requested permission to drop one "t" thus becoming Atwood. In 1881, Atwood became the county seat of Rawlins County.
Geography
Atwood is at (39.808971, -101.041370). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.
Climate
The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Atwood has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.
Area attractions
Rawlins County Historical Museum, 308 State Street.
Shirley Opera House (NRHP), 503 Main Street.
Area events
Rawlins County Fair, held in July.
Smokin on the Beaver BBQ competition, held the last full weekend in September.
Annual Rod Run, held annually in May.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,194 people, 568 households, and 299 families living in Atwood.
Famous people
Mike Hayden, 41st Governor of Kansas 1987-1990.
Ted Uhlaender, Major League Baseball outfielder for the Minnesota Twins, Cleveland Indians and Cincinnati Reds from -.
Katie Uhlaender (born July 17, 1984) is an American skeleton racer who has competed since 2003. She won four medals at the FIBT World Championships with one silver (women's skeleton: 2008) and three bronzes (women's skeleton: 2007, mixed bobsleigh-skeleton team event: 2008, 2009).
References
Other websites
City
City of Atwood
Atwood - Directory of Public Officials
County
Rawlins County
Schools
USD 105, local school district
Newspapers
Square Deal News
Photos and Videos
Historic city photograph
KWCH 'One of a Kind' Kansas road trip in 2011: Photos, Video 1, Video 2, Video 3, Video 4, Video 5. Towns included were Coldwater, Sterling, Atwood, Lucas, Marion.
Maps
Atwood City Map, KDOT
Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
1875 establishments in Kansas
Ébreuil

Ebreuil is a commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Bight of Benin

The Bight of Benin is a bight on the western African coast. The bight is part of the Gulf of Guinea. The Republic of Benin and this bight were both named after the Benin Empire.
This area is known as the Slave Coast. This area was used heavily in the African slave trade.
Bays
Geography of Africa
David Nobbs

David Gordon Nobbs (13 March 1935 - 9 August 2015) was an English comedy writer and humanist. He was best known for writing the 1970s series The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin, adapted from his own novels.
Nobbs was married twice, firstly to Mary in 1968, from whom he was divorced sometime after the success of 'Perrin' and secondly to Susan in 1998.
Nobbs died on 9 August 2015, aged 80. He was survived by his second wife and four step-children.
References
1935 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
English television writers
Humanists
Writers from Kent
Emma Gee

Emma Gee was a Chinese-American activist. She was one of the founders of the Asian American Political Alliance (AAPA). The AAPA was the first organization that used the term "Asian American" to describe themselves. Gee was also the editor of "Counterpoint: Perspectives on Asian America", a collection of essays and thinking about and exploring Asian Americans' experiences.
References
American activists
South Dakota House of Representatives

The South Dakota House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Dakota Legislature. It has 70 members, two from each legislative district. The South Dakota House of Representatives meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
References
South Dakota
Harthacanute

Harthacanute (Canute the Hardy, sometimes Hardicanute, Hardecanute; Danish: Hardeknud) (1018 - 8 June 1042) was King of Denmark from 1035 to 1042 and England from 1040 to 1042. He was the only son of Canute the Great and Emma of Normandy.
He followed his father as King of Denmark in 1035, becoming Canute III. Fighting with Magnus I of Norway stopped him from sailing to England to take up his throne. His older, illegitimate half-brother, Harold Harefoot, became regent of England.
Harold took the English crown for himself in 1037. After Harthacanute had settled the situation in Scandinavia he prepared an invasion of England to take over his kingdom. Harold died, and Harthacanute was able to take back his throne peacefully.
Harthacanute was a harsh and unpopular ruler. To pay for his ships, he greatly increased the rate of taxation. In 1041, the people of Worcester killed two of Harthacanute's men who had been collecting the tax. Harthacanute burned the city. The story of Lady Godiva riding naked through the streets of Coventry to persuade the local earl to lower taxes, may come from the reign of Harthacanute. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle says of him: "He never accomplished anything kingly for as long as he ruled".
In 1041, Harthacanute asked his half-brother Edward the Confessor (his mother Emma's son by Ethelred the Unready) back from exile in Normandy to become a member of his household, and probably made Edward his heir. Harthacanute was unmarried and had no children. On 8 June 1042, he died at Lambeth-- he "died as he stood at his drink, and he suddenly fell to the earth". He was buried at Winchester Cathedral, Hampshire. Edward became the new king.
References
1018 births
1042 deaths
Canute III
People buried in Winchester Cathedral
11th century in England
Greta Scacchi

Greta Scacchi (born 18 February 1960) is an Italian-Australian actress. She acts mostly in movies, although sometimes in television programs. She starred in lots of movies, which include White Mischief and Presumed Innocent. She has acted in many other movies as well.
Scacchi was born Greta Scacchi in Milan to an English mother and Italian father. Since 1995, she is an Australian citizen, and is still an Italian citizen.
References
Other websites
1960 births
Living people
Actors from Milan
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Electoral division of Elwick

Elwick is an electoral division of the Tasmanian Legislative Council. It was created in 1999.
Elwick is in Hobart.
Election results
References
Elwick
Yakub Memon

Yakub Abdul Razak Memon (30 July 1962-30 July 2015) was an Indian terrorist and chartered accountant, who was convicted over his involvement in the 1993 Bombay bombings by Special Terrorist and Disruptive Activities court on 27 July 2007.
Memon is the brother of one of the prime suspects in the bombings, Tiger Memon. His appeals and petitions for clemency were all rejected and he was executed by hanging on 30 July 2015 at 0500 IST in Nagpur jail.
References
1962 births
2015 deaths
Muslim terrorists
People executed by hanging
People from Mumbai
Malocclusion

Malocclusion is when the teeth in a person's upper jaw do not meet the teeth in the lower jaw correctly.
Edward Angle, the "father of modern orthodontics," was the first to use the word. It is a combination word of occlusion and mal meaning "bad."
Teeth
Orthodontics
Aligarh Muslim University

The Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is a major university in the town of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was originally founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in 1875, as the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (better known as MAO College). It became a full university in 1920.
Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII donated 5 Lakh Indian Rupees in the 1930s towards this University.
AMU Journal
AMU Journal is an independent educational community and media organization. It is run by students and alumni. It was started in the year 2016 by a group of Aligarh Muslim University students to cover campus activities and raise campus issues. Later it became a media portal and educational community.
AMU Journal relaunched its website on 17 October 2016 via Aligarh Muslim University Public relations officer, Proctor and Deputy in collaboration with University Training and placement office.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Colleges and universities in India
1875 establishments in Asia
1870s establishments in India
Yad Vashem

Yad Vashem () is a memorial site in Jerusalem. It is the central memorial for the victims of the Holocaust. It includes a museum, school for teachers, archives, and library. The site is located in Jerusalem Forest on the western slope of Mount Herzl ("Mount of Remembrance"). It is 804 meters (2,638 ft) above sea level.
Monuments and Memorials in Yad Vashem museum
Related pages
Righteous Among the Nations
Other websites
Yad Vashem
Mount Herzl
Museums in Jerusalem
Mountains of Jerusalem
Walgoolan, Western Australia

Walgoolan is a small town in the eastern Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. It is between Merredin and Bodallin along the Great Eastern Highway. Walgoolan was started between 1895 and 1899. It began as a railroad siding. Land was set aside for a townsite in 1913. Lots were surveyed in 1922. The townsite was gazetted in 1923.
The name of the town is Aboriginal and means place where the short bushes grow.
After World War I, nearly 100 settlers took land in the area. They planted cereal crops, mostly wheat.
In 1932, Emu War, started in Walgoolan.
The Great Depression and many droughts hurt the area. By 1940 there was only one shop and the townsite was abandoned soon after. By 2010 only 10 families remain in the district.
Towns in Western Australia
Kälarne IK

Kalarne IK is a sports club in Kalarne in Sweden. It was established on 14 February 1920.
The women's soccer team played in the Swedish top division in 1978.
Other famous people are track and field athletes Henry Kalarne and Gunder Hagg as well as cross-country skier Alfred Dahlqvist. At different occasions they all have competed for the club.
References
Other websites
Official website
1920 establishments in Sweden
Swedish football clubs
Ski clubs in Sweden
Auufer

Auufer is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
Steinburg (district)
Genolier

Genolier is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Vaud
Nicaragua cross-banded tree frog

The Nicaragua cross-banded tree frog or tawny smilisca (Smilisca puma) is a frog that lives in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Scientists have seen it as high as 520 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog is 32 to 38 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 40 to 46 mm long. It has white stripes on its legs and face. Its front feet are not webbed but they do have discs on them for climbing. The skin of its back has long dark marks across it. It has a white belly. Its eyes are the color of bronze.
The tadpoles can be 2.4 cm long with short tails. Their eyes are also the color of bronze.
References
Frogs of North America
Danna Paola

Danna Paola Rivera Munguia (born 23 June 1995), better known as Danna Paola, is a Mexican actress, singer and model.
In 2004, she was chosen as the lead in the successful children's series, Amy, la nina de la mochila azul. She starred in multiple television series produced by Televisa.
In 2009, she was cast as "Patito" in Atrevete a Sonar, the Mexican remake of the popular Argentine children's telenovela, Patito Feo.
In late 2010, she voiced "Rapunzel" for the Latin American Spanish-language dubbing of the Disney movie Tangled.
References
1995 births
Living people
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican voice actors
Mexican singers
Mexican models
Actors from Mexico City
Alfie (1966 movie)

Alfie is a 1966 British comedy-drama movie directed by Lewis Gilbert and was based on the 1963 play of the same name by Bill Naughton. It stars Michael Caine, Shelley Winters, Millicent Martin, Jane Asher, Vivien Merchant, Julia Foster, Shirley Ann Field, Eleanor Bron and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for 5 Academy Awards in 1967 and was remade in 2004.
Other websites
1966 comedy-drama movies
British comedy-drama movies
Movies based on plays
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Lewis Gilbert
Movies about abortion
Movies set in London
Jonah Ray

Jonah Ray Rodrigues (born August 3, 1982) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He plays Jonah Heston in Mystery Science Theater 3000. He is a former host of The Nerdist Podcast and was the co-host of Comedy Central's The Meltdown with Jonah and Kumail..
References
1982 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
Comedians from Hawaii
Actors from Hawaii
Writers from Hawaii
Podcasters
Pohjola

Pohjola is an evil country in Finnish and Karelian ancient stories. Pohjola is at north and it is very cold place. Ruler of Pohjola is Louhi, an evil witch woman. We think that Pohjola does not really exist, but long ago when people thought about Pohjola they thought about Lapland and a region of Pohjanmaa.
There was high wall around Pohjola and there were gates of Pohjola that could be seen from far away.
Many evil things, like diseases and cold are from Pohjola. In Pohjola lives people of Pohjola. They are great warriors and magicians. The ruler of Pohjola Louhi is ugly but powerful old woman who can do great magic. She had a husband and daughters. Daughters of Louhi were very beautiful. They were so white and bright that they were actually transparent; you could see flesh through their skin, bones through their flesh, and bone marrow through their bones. Daughters of Pohjola were sitting on the sky weaving gold and silver threads.
Many heroes went to Pohjola to ask daughters of Louhi them to be their wives. Louhi did not give her daughters easily. She made men to do almost impossible missions to have her daughters. One such mission was to make Sampo, a machine that would do money, crop and salt. One hero, Ilmarinen, did this machine, but still Louhi did not let her daughter to marry Ilmarinen. Ilmarinen and other heroes then stole Sampo from Louhi. Louhi attacked them. There was a big battle and Sampo was destroyed. Some pieces of Sampo drifted on sea and they came to shores of Finland. Since that they have made wealth to Finnish people.
Finnish mythology
Great Observatories program

The Great Observatories program is four large, powerful space-based telescopes. They are a series of satellites placed by NASA. Each Space observatory has been important to astronomy.
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) looks at visible light and near-ultraviolet. It was launched in 1990. In 1997 ability to look at the near-infrared range was added. In 2009 there was a mission to service Hubble.
The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) looks at gamma rays. It also looks at some hard x-rays as well. It was launched in 1991. It was deorbited in 2000.
The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) looks at soft x-rays. It was launched in 1999.
The Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) looks at the infrared spectrum. It was launched in 2003.
Telescopes
Astronomical observatories
Central Intelligence

Central Intelligence is a 2016 American action comedy movie co-starring Kevin Hart and Dwayne Johnson as people in the CIA.
2016 action movies
2016 comedy movies
2010s action comedy movies
American action comedy movies
Timeline of prehistoric Britain

Events from the prehistory of Britain (to 1 BC). The entries are backed by modern research in archaeology.
Events
c. 950,000 or 840,000 BC
2010. Flints worked in south-eastern Britain.
c. 800,000 BC
Happisburgh early flint workings; footprints.
c. 700,000 BC
Pakefield early flint workings.
c. 500,000 BC
Eartham Pit, Boxgrove the oldest known human remains found in Britain.
c. 250,000 BC
Swanscombe Man (actually a woman), the second oldest known human remains found in Britain.
c. 180,000 BC
English Channel forms, separating Britain from the mainland.
c. 26,000 BC
Cave-dwelling Upper Paleolithic peoples in Britain.
c. 10,000 BC
Last Ice Age ends.
c. 8300 BC
Mesolithic period begins.
Cheddar Man, the oldest complete human skeleton found in Britain (c 7150 BC)
c. 4000 BC
Neolithic period begins in Britain, introducing the first agriculture.
c. 3000 BC
First henge monuments.
c. 2600 BC
Main phase of construction at Stonehenge begins, replacing earlier wooden and earthen works.
c. 2300 BC
Arrival of the Beaker People in Britain.
c. 1800 BC
Wessex culture brings bronze-working to Britain.
c. 1600 BC
Last construction at Stonehenge.
c. 1400 BC
Wessex culture replaced by more agrarian peoples; stone circles and early hillforts produced.
c. 800 BC
Celts bring iron working to Britain; Hallstatt Culture.
c. 400 BC
Parisi tribe from northern France settle in Yorkshire.
First brochs constructed.
c. 330 BC
Pytheas of Massilia circumnavigates Britain.
c. 300 BC
La Tene artwork introduced from northern France.
c. 100 BC
First wave of Belgic invaders settle in the south-east, establishing the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes tribes.
First coins introduced.
c. 80 BC
Second wave of Belgic invaders settle in Sussex, Berkshire, and Hampshire, establishing the Atrebates and Regnenses tribes.
55 BC
Commius, chieftain of the Atrebates, captured by the British after serving as an envoy to Rome.
26 August - Julius Caesar lands between Deal and Walmer, wins skirmishes against the British, and frees Commius.
31 August - Britons in war-chariots defeat the Romans. Romans return to Gaul.
54 BC
July - Julius Caesar invades Britain and defeats the Catuvellauni under Cassivellaunus.
September - Tribute fixed, and peace agreed between the Catevellauni and the Trinovantes, allied with Rome. Romans return to Gaul.
50 BC
Fleeing to Britain after a failed revolt in Gaul, Commius becomes chieftain of the Atrebates.
34 BC
Emperor Octavian makes an alliance with the Atrebates and Trinovantes.
c. 25 BC
Tincommius, leader of the Atrebates, issues Roman-style coinage.
References
Great Britain
Patron saint

A patron saint is someone who has devoted their whole life to something greater than themselves. They are someone who worked hard to make the world a better place. Catholics traditionally take a name of a patron saint to help them throughout their life.
Here is a list of patron saints and the things that they are the patron saint of:
Countries
Saint Andrew (Scotland, Russia)
Catherine of Siena Italy and Europe
Saint David (Wales)
Saint Denis (France)
Saint George (Canada, England, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Montenegro, Ethiopia, Aragon, Catalonia, Moscow)
Francis of Assisi Italy
Saint Patrick (Ireland)
Saint Piran (Cornwall)
Saint James (Spain)
Saints
Virle Piemonte

Virle Piemonte is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Settlements in Piedmont
Takashi Hiraoka

is a Japanese politician and journalist. He served as the mayor of Hiroshima from 1991 to 1999. He served as mayor for two terms and was re-elected in 1995. As mayor, he helped his city and South Korea's Daegu becoming sister cities in 1997. He also worked as a journalist in the 1960s. He wrote mostly about Korean victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He tried to get the Korean victims medical care from Japanese government.
Hiraoka was born in Osaka. He grew up in both Japan and Korea. He was not in Hiroshima at the time of the atomic bombing in August 1945.
References
1927 births
Living people
Japanese mayors
Japanese journalists
People from Hiroshima
People from Osaka
Manhunt (series)

Manhunt is an American video game series, developed by Rockstar London, and published by Rockstar Games.
Video game series
Midden-Drenthe

Midden-Drenthe is a municipality in the province of Drenthe, the Netherlands. In 2019, 33,178 people lived there.
The municipality was created on 1 January 1998, in a merger of the former municipalities of Beilen, Smilde, and Westerbork. Between 1998 and 2000, the name of the municipality was Middenveld.
Municipalities of Drenthe
Rima Melati

Marjolein Tambayong, better known by her stage name Rima Melati (22 August 1937 - 23 June 2022) was an Indonesian actress and singer. She was born in Tondano, then-Dutch East Indies. She was known for her roles in Laki-Laki Tak Bernama, Wadjah Seorang Laki-laki and Max Havelaar. Melati was also known for supporting breast cancer research in Indonesia.
Melati died on 23 June 2022 at a hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia from sepsis caused by a pressure ulcer, aged 84.
References
1937 births
2022 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in Indonesia
Deaths from sepsis
Deaths from ulcers
Indonesian actors
Indonesian singers
Chemical nomenclature

A chemical nomenclature is a set of rules for creating a system of names ("nomenclature") for chemicals. This is done so that everyone uses the same name for a chemical. The system used most often around the world today is the one created and developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
The IUPAC's rules for naming chemical compounds are written in a series of books. The system for naming organic compounds is written in the Blue Book. The system for naming inorganic compounds is written in the Red Book. A third book, called the Green Book, gives recommendations about the use of symbols for physical quantities. A fourth book, the Gold Book, contains the definitions of many of the technical terms used in chemistry. Similar books exist for biochemistry, analytical chemistry, macromolecular chemistry, and clinical chemistry. The books do not cover everything, however. Shorter recommendations for specific circumstances are published sometimes in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry.
References
Other websites
Interactive IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology (interactive "Gold Book")
IUPAC Nomenclature Books Series (list of all IUPAC nomenclature books, and means of accessing them)
IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology ("Gold Book")
Joseph Brooks

Joseph Brooks, born Joseph Kaplan (March 11, 1938 - May 22, 2011), and also known as Joe Brooks or Joey Brooks, was an American composer, director, producer, and screenwriter. He was born in Manhattan, New York.
He was a known writer of advertising jingles and wrote the hit songs "My Ship Is Comin' In", "If Ever I See You Again", and "You Light Up My Life", he later composed the hit movie of the same name which he also wrote, directed, and produced. He won a Grammy Award, Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for it.
In his later years he became the subject of an investigation after being accused of a series of casting-couch rapes. He was indicted in 2009. On May 22, 2011, before he could be brought to trial, Brooks committed suicide in his Upper East Side, Manhattan home by placing a bag over his head with a hose from a helium tank connected to it. He was 73 years old. On May 23, 2011, the medical examiner ruled that Brooks had committed suicide, citing asphyxia by helium.
References
Other websites
Grammy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning composers
Academy Award winning composers
1938 births
2011 deaths
Suicides by asphyxiation
Suicides in the United States
American composers
American rapists
People from Manhattan
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Criminals from New York City
Heron Quays DLR station

Heron Quays is a light metro station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) Bank to Lewisham Line. It is in the Heron Quays area of Canary Wharf in East London.
The station is on the Isle of Dogs and serves the southern part of the Canary Wharf office complex. It is directly connected to that complex's Jubilee Place underground shopping centre. The station is elevated and is in one of the complex's office towers. It has an Oyster card interchange for the Canary Wharf tube station on London Underground's Jubilee line. Through ticketing is allowed between the two stations.
Docklands Light Railway stations
Railway stations in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Shinichiro Tani

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Tani was born in Aichi Prefecture on November 13, 1968. After graduating from University of Tsukuba, he joined Japan Soccer League club Hitachi (later Kashiwa Reysol) in 1991. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and the club joined new league, Japan Football League. The club won the 2nd place in 1992 and 1994 Japan Football League. The club was promoted to J1 League from 1995. He retired end of 1995 season.
On July 27, 1990, Tani debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea.
Statistics
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Hitachi||JSL Division 1||21||3||||||3||1||24||4
|-
|1992||Football League||17||7||||||colspan="2"|-||17||7
|-
|1993||rowspan="3"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="2"|Football League||9||0||1||0||5||1||15||1
|-
|1994||10||1||0||0||0||0||10||1
|-
|1995||J1 League||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
59||11||1||0||8||2||68||13
59||11||1||0||8||2||68||13
|}
|-
|1990||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
References
Other websites
1968 births
Living people
Footballers from Aichi Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Democratic Governors Association

The Democratic Governors Association (DGA) is a Washington, D.C. based 527 organization. It started in 1983. Members are U.S. state and territorial governors who are also members of the Democratic Party.
The mission of the organization is to create party support to the election and re-election of Democratic governors. There is a similar Republican organization called the Republican Governors Association. The DGA is not directly connected with the non-partisan National Governors Association.
42nd President of the United States, Bill Clinton, was leader of the DGA in 1988.
The current leader of the association is Governor of New Jersey Phil Murphy since 2019.
These people have been leaders of the DGA: John Connally, Zell Miller, Marvin Mandel, Dale Bumpers, Wendell H. Ford, Wendell Anderson, Reubin Askew, Philip W. Noel, Patrick Lucey, Brendan Byrne, Jim Hunt, Jerry Brown, Richard Riley, Dick Celeste, Michael Dukakis, Evan Bayh, Howard Dean, Tom Vilsack, Bill Richardson, Kathleen Sebelius, Dannel Malloy, and Jay Inslee.
Also see
Republican Governors Association
Other websites
DGA Official Website
Democratic Party (United States)
1983 establishments in the United States
Political organizations based in Washington, D.C.
1980s establishments in Washington, D.C.
Geneva, Idaho

Geneva is an unincorporated community of Idaho in the United States. It is in Bear Lake County.
Unincorporated communities in Idaho
Bad Kissingen

Bad Kissingen is a city in Bavaria, Germany. About 22,421 people lived there in 2020.
History
It was first mentioned in 801 CE. It is a "spa town", a place where people go to rest and relax. The well that is the source of the spa was first mentioned in 823 CE.
Well-known people
Jack Steinberger (born 1921), American physicist and Nobel Prize winner
References
Other websites
Spa towns in Germany
Bad Kissingen (district)
Bharat Prasad Sah

Bharat Prasad Sah () is a Nepalese politician. He is a member of Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province from CPN (Maoist Centre). Sah, a resident of Gaushala, Mahottari, was elected via 2017 Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province elections from Mahottari 1(B).
References
Nepalese politicians
Living people
Dimetrodon

Dimetrodon was a pelycosaur (early Synapsida) from the first part of the Permian period (about 295-272 million years ago).
Dimetrodon walked on four legs and had a tall, curved skull with large teeth of different sizes set along the jaws. Most fossils have been found in the southwestern United States, from red beds in Texas and Oklahoma. The largest known species of Dimetrodon is D. angelensis at and the smallest is D. teutonis at .
Dimetrodon was a carnivore, probably the top predator in its environment. Its main feature is the large sail on its back formed by elongated spines extending upwards from the vertebrae. The spines would be joined by skin. The general opinion of palaeontologists is that it was a temperature-regulating device. The idea is that the animal could warm up in the early morning by placing itself broadside to the Sun, and later could cool off in the shade, or arrange for its body to get less sunlight. At this stage in evolution, no land animals were homoiotherms. Very likely the sail was also used for sexual or territorial signalling. In which case, the skin would be coloured. This, of course, is supposition, but it does make sense of the animal's most extraordinary feature.
In evolutionary terms, Dimetrodon was a synapsid, a line of land animals which eventually gave rise to the mammals. It was not on the direct line of descent, but a good example of the evolutionary grade typical of Permian synapsids.
References
Pelycosaurs
Oskaloosa, Kansas

Oskaloosa is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Jefferson County. In 2010, 1,113 people lived there.
History
Oskaloosa was created in 1856. It was named after the city of Oskaloosa, Iowa. The first post office in Oskaloosa was created in November 1856.
In 1888, Oskaloosa people elected Mary D. Lowman mayor with a city council composed entirely of women. This makes the city the first in Kansas to elect a city administration that has only women.
Geography
Oskaloosa is at (39.215849, -95.313800). It is at the intersection of U.S. Route 59 and K-92, about 15 miles north of Lawrence. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.
Climate
Oskaloosa has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Oskaloosa has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
People
Oskaloosa is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2010 census
The 2010 census there were 1,113 people, 435 households, and 281 families living in Oskaloosa.
Famous people
Roger Barker, pioneering sociologist who studied everyday life in Oskaloosa.
McKinley Burnett, leading figure in Brown v. Board of Education.
James Reynolds, actor on Days of Our Lives for over 30 years.
C. Wesley Roberts, Chairman of the Republican Party, father of U.S. Senator Pat Roberts.
Dummy Taylor, deaf Major League Baseball pitcher.
References
Other websites
City
City of Oskaloosa
Oskaloosa - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 341, local school district
Maps
Oskaloosa City Map, KDOT
1856 establishments in Kansas Territory
Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Alaa Murabit

Alaa Murabit (born October 26, 1989) is a Canadian physician and leading international activist for peace processes. Murabit is an UN High-Level Commissioner on Health Employment and Economic Growth and one of only 17 Sustainable Development Goal Global Advocates appointed by the UN Secretary General.
Advocacy
Murabit is an Ashoka fellow, and the youngest recipient of the Marisa Bellisario International Humanitarian Award by the Italian Government, named the "International Trust Women Hero 2014" by The New York Times, "One of 25 women under 25 to watch" by Newsweek, a "100 Top Woman" by the BBC and the SAFE Global Hero.
Murabit's TED Talk, released in July 2015, "What my religion really says about women" was selected as the TED Talk of the Day and one of four moving TED Talks you should watch right now by The New York Times.
Murabit received her Medical Doctorate in from the University of Zawiya in 2013. She went on to receive a Masters in International Strategy and Diplomacy with Distinction from the LSE in 2016 where her research focused on securitization processes, with a dissertation titled "White Man's Burden: Disease, Security and the Stigmatisation of the Periphery".
Positions
In July, 2016 Alaa was selected as an MIT Director's Fellow and in January, 2017 was named as a 2017 Forbes 30 Under 30 for her work in Healthcare. In March, 2017 she was appointed a Malala Fund board member.
References
Other websites
http://webtv.un.org/watch/alaa-murabit-ngo-voice-of-libyan-women-on-women-peace-and-security-security-council-7533rd-meeting/4555308972001
1989 births
Living people
Canadian Muslims
Human rights activists
People from Saskatoon
BBC 100 Women
Battle of Baghdad (1258)

The Battle of Baghdad in 1258 was a victory for the Mongol leader Hulagu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan. Baghdad was captured, sacked, and over time burned.
Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Empire. This was an Islamic empire in what is now Iraq. The Abbasid caliphs were the second of the Islamic dynasties.
The Mongol army, led by Hulagu (also spelled as Hulegu) Khan and the Chinese commander Guo Kan in vice-command, set out for Baghdad in November of 1257. Hulagu marched with what was probably the largest army ever fielded by the Mongols. By order of Mongke Khan, one in ten fighting men in the entire Mongol Empire were gathered for Hulagu's army (Saunders 1971). The attacking army also had a large contingent of Christian forces and of Chinese military engineering troops.
The siege
Hulagu demanded surrender; the caliph refused. Many accounts say that the caliph failed to prepare for the fight; he neither gathered armies nor strengthened the walls of Baghdad.
Hulagu divided his forces, so that they threatened both sides of the city, on the east and west banks of the Tigris. The attacking Mongols broke some dikes and flooded the ground behind the caliph's army, trapping them. Much of the army was slaughtered or drowned.
Under Guo Kan's order, the Chinese counterparts in the Mongolian army then laid siege to the city, constructing a palisade and ditch, wheeling up siege engines and catapults. The siege started on January 29. The battle was swift, by siege standards. By February 5 the Mongols controlled a stretch of the wall. Al-Musta'sim tried to negotiate, but was refused.
On February 10 Baghdad surrendered. The Mongols swept into the city on February 13 and began a week of massacre, looting, rape, and destruction.
Related pages
Mongol Empire
Abbasid Empire
Baghdad
Islamic Golden Age
References
Sources
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260-1281 (first edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. .
Morgan, David. The Mongols. Boston: Blackwell Publishing, 1990. .
Nicolle, David, and Richard Hook (illustrator). The Mongol Warlords: Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Hulegu, Tamerlane. London: Brockhampton Press, 1998. .
Saunders, J.J. The History of the Mongol Conquests. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. .
Sicker, Martin. The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2000. .
Soucek, Svat. A History of Inner Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. .
Other websites
An article describing Hulagu's conquest of Baghdad, written by Ian Frazier, appeared in the April 25, 2005 issue of The New Yorker.
Steven Dutch article
1258
Baghdad
History of Islam
History of Baghdad
13th century in Asia
Michael Mullen

Michael Glenn "Mike" Mullen, AO, MSC (born October 4, 1946) is a former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Of Staff. He also served in the United States Navy. He fought in the Vietnam War and the Persian Gulf War.
Personal life
Mullen is married to Deborah. They have two sons, John "JMuls" Mullen and Michael Edward Mullen. Both of them are Navy officers.
References
1946 births
Military people from California
Living people
QWOP

QWOP is a Flash game created by Bennett Foddy and released on the Internet in 2008 to his website called "Foddy.net". Players play as an athlete named "Qwop", who is participating in a 100-meter sprint event at the Olympic Games. Using only the Q, W, O and P keys, players must control the movement of the legs to make the character move forward. When the player has successfully reached 50 meters they must jump a hurdle, and at 100 meters the player is encouraged to perform a long jump, although simply passing the finish line is sufficient to complete the game.
The game has been criticized for being too hard to get good at. In early December 2010, the game had a viral popularity outbreak after video blogger Ray William Johnson reviewed a YouTube video that annotates the game, becoming the subject of an Internet meme. Despite this, the game helped Foddy's site reach 30 million views. After the success of the game, Foddy created another flash game called "GIRP", which was released on his site in 2011.
References
Other websites
QWOP website
GIRP website
Online games
The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (movie)

The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest () is a 2009 Swedish Danish German crime thriller movie directed by Daniel Alfredson and was based on the novel of the same name by Stieg Larsson. It stars Noomi Rapace, Michael Nyqvist, Lena Endre, Annika Hallin, Sofia Ledarp, Jacob Ericksson, Georgi Staykov, Niklas Hjulstrom, Hans Alfredson.
Notes
Other websites
2009 crime thriller movies
2000s mystery movies
2000s sequel movies
Swedish crime movies
Swedish LGBT movies
Swedish thriller movies
Danish crime movies
Danish LGBT movies
Danish thriller movies
German crime movies
German LGBT movies
German thriller movies
Movies set in Sweden
Movies about journalists
Movies based on books