pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
George R. Klare

George R. Klare (Minneapolis, 1922 - The Plains, Ohio, 2006) was a World War II veteran and a distinguished professor of psychology and dean at Ohio University.
World War II
Klare served as a navigator on a B-17 Flying Fortresss in the Eighth Air Force in England. On December 31, 1944, he was shot down over Germany. He spent the rest of World War II in German POW camps. He was liberated by advancing Soviet troops from Stalag Luft One on May 1, 1945. He was honorably discharged as a First Lieutenant in December, 1945, receiving the Air Medal, the Purple Heart, European area ribbons and the Prisoner of War medal.
Klare later recounted his experiences as a prisoner of war in a chapter entitled "Questions" in Interrogations, Confessions, and Entrapment, published by Springer in 2004.
In 1978, he was named Distinguished Professor of Psychology. While at Ohio University, he served as chair of the Psychology Department from 1959 to 1963, as acting dean of the College of Arts and Sciences in 1965-66 and in 1984-85, and as Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences from 1966 to 1971. He was also acting associate provost for graduate and research programs from 1986 until his retirement in 1987. in 1981, Klare was elected to the Reading Hall of Fame of the International Reading Association in 1997. He is listed in Who's Who in America.
Main works
His major contribution was in the field of readability. From the beginning of the 20th century, the assessment of the grade level of texts for different grades of readers was a central concern of reading research. It was well known that without correctly graded texts, readers would not improve their reading skill. There were over 1,000 published studies on this topic. Klare's contribution to that effort came both in his critical reviews of the studies and his participation in original research.
Klare G.R. & Buck B. 1954. Know your reader: the scientific approach to readability. New York: Hermitage House.
Klare G.R. 1963. The measurement of readability. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
Klare G.R. 1975. A manual for readable writing. Glen Burnie, MD.
Klare G.R. 1984. Readability. In Handbook of Reading Research, (ed) P.D. Pearson. New York: Longman, pp. 681-744.
Klare G.R. 1985. How to write readable English. London: Hutchinson.
Klare G.R. and Klare R. 2012. The haunting memories of war: a memoir of father and son. Bloomington, Indiana: Lulu Press.
References
1922 births
2008 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
American psychologists
Academics from Ohio
Scientists from Minneapolis
Military people from Minnesota
Tavullia

Tavullia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Italian region Marche.
Settlements in Marche
Chicoutimi

Chicoutimi is a city in Quebec, Canada. The name comes from Shkoutimeou, which means "the end of the deep water" in the Montagnais language, one of the Algonquian languages. Located 225 kilometres north of Quebec City, it is home to part of the Universite du Quebec. Until 2002 it was a separate city, and is now a part of Saguenay
History
The first people to live in the city were French fur traders who arrived in 1676. It became a city in 1842 by Peter McLeod. A railway was built between the city and Roberval in 1893, which helped make Chicoutimi a bigger city at the end of the 19th century, based on industry and pulp.
Sports
The Chicoutimi Sagueneens, a team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, have been in the city since 1973. They play at the Centre Georges-Vezina.
Other websites
Borough Council of Chicoutimi
Cities and towns in Quebec
Former cities in Canada
Utrera

Utrera is a municipality of 51,402 people (2022). It is in the province of Seville in the autonomous community of Andalusia in south Spain.
Municipalities in Andalusia
Cities in Andalusia
Bethel, North Carolina

Bethel is a town in Pitt County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,577 at the 2010 Census. The town is a part of the Greenville Metropolitan Area located in North Carolina's Inner Banks region.
References
Towns in North Carolina
Mischelbach

Mischelbach is a district of Pleinfeld in Bavaria, in Central Franconia and Weissenburg-Gunzenhausen.
Other websites
Homepage from Mischelbach
Villages in Bavaria
Weissenburg-Gunzenhausen
Abortion in Azerbaijan

Abortion in Azerbaijan is legal upon request within the first twenty-eight weeks of pregnancy.
After twenty-eight weeks, it is legal when:
The abortion will save the woman's life or preserve her health;
The father died during the pregnancy;
Either parent was imprisoned;
The pregnancy is a result of rape or incest;
There is a disability in the family; or
The parents have divorced.
Additionally, a physician may approve any other reason to carry out an abortion.
References
Azerbaijan
Demographics of Azerbaijan
La Trinité, Martinique

La Trinite (; Martinican Creole: ) is a town and commune in the French overseas region and department of Martinique.
References
Communes in Martinique
Jenna Ortega

Jenna Marie Ortega (born September 27, 2002) is an American actress. She is noted for her roles on television as young Jane in Jane the Virgin, Harley Diaz in Stuck in the Middle and Ellie Alves in You. In 2016, she began voicing Princess Isabel in the Disney Channel animated series Elena of Avalor. Ortega's movie work includes starring as Annie in Insidious: Chapter 2 (2013), Mary Ann in The Little Rascals Save the Day (2014) and Dawn in Saving Flora (2018).
Ortega was born in Coachella Valley, California. She is of Mexican and Puerto Rican ancestry.
She is currently starring in the role of Wednesday Addams on the Netflix show, Wednesday.
References
Other websites
2002 births
Living people
Actors from California
American child actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
American LGBT rights activists
American television actors
Stage actors
Karri Rämö

Karri Ramo (born July 1, 1986) is a Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently playing for Djurgardens IF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). He has also played for the Pelicans and HPK of the SM-liiga, Calgary Flames, Tampa Bay Lightning of the NHL and Avangard Omsk of the KHL.
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Ramo played 2 seasons with the Pelicans and 1 season with HPK of the SM-liiga.
Ramo was drafted with the 191st overall pick by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Lightning on December 2, 2006 in a 5-2 loss to the Ottawa Senators. Ramo won his first NHL start on December 20, 2006 in a 2-1 victory against the Toronto Maple Leafs. On August 16, 2010, he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens in exchange for Cedrick Desjardins. He however decided to play for Avangard Omsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). On January 12, 2012, The Canadiens traded him along with Michael Cammalleri and a 5th-round pick in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft to the Calgary Flames for Rene Bourque, Patrick Holland and a 2nd-round pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.
References
Other websites
1986 births
American Hockey League players
Calgary Flames players
Finnish ice hockey goaltenders
Living people
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Springfield Falcons players
Stockton Heat players
Toronto Marlies players
Swedish Hockey League players
Ange-Félix Patassé

Ange-Felix Patasse (January 25, 1937 - April 5, 2011) was a Central African politician. He was President of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003. In 2003, he was forced out of office by the rebel leader Francois Bozize.
Patasse died on April 5, 2011 from complications of diabetes.
References
1937 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Presidents of the Central Africa Republic
Prime Ministers of the Central African Republic
Hillegom

Hillegom is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 21,966 people lived there.
References
Settlements in South Holland
Municipalities of South Holland
Yeshi Dhonden

Yeshi Dhonden (15 May 1927 - 26 November 2019) was a Tibetan-Indian physician of Traditional Tibetan medicine and humanitarian. He was the 14th Dalai Lama from 1961 to 1980. In 2018, the Indian government honoured him with the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India. He was born in Namro, Tibet. He was known by many for "curing cancer".
Dhonden retired on 1 April 2019 due to bad health. He died of respiratory failure on 26 November 2019 in Dharamshala, India at the age of 92.
References
1927 births
2019 deaths
Tibetan Buddhist lamas
Indian physicians
Humanitarians
Ornithischia

Ornithischia is an order of beaked, herbivorous dinosaurs.
They are known as the 'bird-hipped' dinosaurs because of their hip structure. However, birds actually descended from the 'lizard-hipped' dinosaurs, the Saurischia. The name "Ornithischia" means "bird-hipped," and birds also have pelvises in which the pubis points backwards.
An alternative name for the order is the Predentata, because all of them are beaked herbivorous dinosaurs. The beak is in front of the jaw-bone, the dentary, so it is a 'predentary'. The upper half of the beak is the 'premaxilla' on the end of the upper jaw. The beak is a key adaptation for cropping plants for their food.
Their original (basal) form of locomotion was bipedal. However, from early in their evolutionary history, they were capable of both bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion. Several groups became entirely quadrupedal.
A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships might upset this summary.
The ornithischia has two sub-orders:
Thyreophora: the armoured dinosaurs: Ankylosaurs and Stegosaurs.
Cerapoda: the duck-billed and horned dinosaurs.
Plants
Their vegetarian diet included:
Seed ferns: Pteridospermatophyta. Upper Triassic, Jurassic.
Cycads and other woody seed plants, common during Mesozoic period.
Gymnosperms (conifers): Jurassic, Cretaceous.
Angiosperms (flowering plants): Cretaceous
Algae in the form of seaweed: no direct evidence, but likely.
This group of dinosaurs would not be able to reach the taller conifers. The other main group of vegetarian dinosaurs, the sauropodomorphs, were specialists able to reach vegetation on the tall trees.
Related pages
Saurischia
Fabrosauridae
Heterodontosaur
References
WGCI-FM

WGCI-FM (107.5 FM) is an urban contemporary radio station that is licensed to Chicago, Illinois, serving the Chicago metropolitan area and Northwest Indiana. It is owned and operated by iHeartMedia (formerly known as Clear Channel Communications until September 2014).
Radio stations in Chicago
Urban contemporary radio stations in the United States
Dione (mythology)

Dione in Greek mythology is a vague goddess presence who has her most concrete was the mother of Aphrodite. Zeus was the father are stories about Dione are in the Iliad by Homer. Aphrodite journeys to Dione's side after she has been wounded in battle while protecting her favorite son Aeneas.
Greek gods and goddesses
Americus, Georgia

Americus is a city in Sumter County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 17,041. Americus is the home of Habitat for Humanity's international headquarters, a humanitarian house building institute built by Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter. Glover Foods and many more well-known organizations.
The city is the county seat of Sumter County.
References
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Wilhelm Reich

Wilhelm Reich (March 24, 1897 - November 3, 1957) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. In the 1920s he was a pupil of Sigmund Freud in Vienna and made important contributions to psychoanalysis (Charakteranalyse 1933; engl. 1945ff). His work was rediscovered by the activists of the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s.
During the 1920s Reich became involved in the social struggles of the time. In 1927 he joined the Communist Party. There he founded "SexPol", short for Sexual Politics. In 1933 he was kicked off from the Party, and in 1934 from the organisations of Psychoanalysis. At this time he started his own research on the biological foundations of psychoanalysis, later on called "orgonomy". Orgonomy was to be the science of orgone, a "primordial energy" Reich claimed to have discovered.
The other side of Reich's story is that he was blamed to have invented a pseudoscience method for treating cancer. He was exposed as a fraud in 1947 articles by journalist Mildred Edie Brady, published in the magazines Harper's and The New Republic, the latter titled "The Strange Case of Wilhelm Reich," with the subhead, "The man who blames both neuroses and cancer on unsatisfactory sexual activities has been repudiated by only one scientific journal". The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided that they were dealing with a "fraud of the first magnitude".
Finally, in 1956 Reich violated an injunction got by the FDA, and was arrested. All his research equipment including his books was destroyed. He was sentenced to two years prison. Reich died on 3 November 1957 (aged 60) in the United States Penitentiary, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, Opinions about him remain very divided.
Reich had founded "Orgonon" in Rangeley, Maine after immigrating to the US. It was his home, laboratory and research center, and also Reich's burial place. It is now open to the public as the Wilhelm Reich Museum.
References
1897 births
1957 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Austrian psychiatrists
American psychoanalysts
Psychoanalysts from Europe
American psychiatrists
Unification of Germany

The Unification of Germany occurred in the 19th century. Until then, there had been many states in Central Europe. Some of them were very small, possibly no more than from one border to the other. Many Germans wanted a nation that would be united, powerful and influential. The leaders of Germany believed that they are part of the German Empire dynasty which led to the strategic battles and alliances which united Germany.
The unification took place on January 18, 1871. After the Franco-Prussian War, the German princes proclaimed the German nation in Versailles, France, at the Hall of Mirrors. The unification joined many independent German states, which became the German Empire. Otto von Bismarck, Prime Minister of Prussia, became Chancellor of the Empire.
The unification of Germany had begun many years earlier, during the Napoleonic Wars. At the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, which is also called the Battle of Nations, many of the German states joined Russia, Sweden and Austria to defeat Napoleon's army. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna ended the Napoleonic Wars. Austria remained the most politically powerful German state. Prussia emerged as Austria's political and diplomatic rival.
There were many problems in unifying the German states. Not all politicians wanted unification. Some feared that it would give Austria and Prussia too much power among the many states. There were also problems in deciding who would collect taxes and how much was be paid.
Background
Before the creation of the modern German State, there were hundreds of small duchies and kingdoms. Many of these kingdoms were a part of the Holy Roman Empire. In 800 AD, Pope Leo III made the Frankish King, Charlemagne, the Holy Roman Emperor.
In the 18th century the hundreds of rulers of parts of the Holy Roman Empire were practically independent; they seldom had to obey the Emperor, and often made war against each other or against the Emperor. During the Napoleonic Wars the empire was abolished. Napoleon made a new satellite state, the Confederation of the Rhine. He was soon defeated and the Congress of Vienna reorganized the German states into a new German Confederation. Bismarck's North German Confederation replaced that, until he converted it into the German Empire.
References
19th century in Germany
Nationalism
Wildebeest

A wildebeest (or gnu) is an animal. It is a large hoofed mammal in the Bovidae family. There are two species of wildebeest. Both live in Africa.
Taxonomy
Genus Connochaetes
Blue wildebeest or brindled gnu (Connochaetes taurinus)
Black wildebeest or white-tailed gnu (Connochaetes gnou)
Size
Wildebeest grow to 1.15 to 1.40 metres (at the shoulder) and they weigh between 150 and 250 kilograms when they are fully grown. They live in the plains and open woodlands in southern Africa. The biggest herds can be found in the Serengeti. Wildebeest can live for more than 20 years.
What they eat
Like other members of the same family (antelopes, deer and goats, amongst others), they mainly eat grass. But since in the African grasslands, there is not always grass, wildebeest are forced to migrate to find food all year round. In May, about 1.5 million animals move from the grasslands to the woods. In November they move back; there is grass in the plains in summer.
Breeding and mating season
The cows (female Gnus) will calve (give birth to the young) in summer in the plains. After the females have given birth, the breeding season begins. The dominant males mark off (and defend) some territory. They do this with feces, and with scent.
Wildebeest are an important part of the ecosystem. With their feces, they fertilize the ground, and their trampling is good for new growth. They also provide food for predators, like lions and hyenas.
References
The Columbia Encyclopedia
Other websites
The Great Migration , on migration patterns of the wildebeest
Wildebeest images
Bovids
Mammals of Africa
Radical evil

Radical evil was a phrase used by Immanuel Kant to describe a kind of evil. He described it as a full corruption of a person by evil.. Many authors think it contradicts his general philosophy .
Related pages
Theory of Evil Human Nature
References
Philosophical anthropology
Ethics
Bak Jega

Bak Jega (; 1750 - 1805) was a Korean politician, writer, and scholar in the Joseon Dynasty. He is best known as a Neo-Confucian scholar and as an early Silhak scholar.
References
urin ajig bagjegareul moreunda joseonilbo 2010.02.23
jungsanghagpa (Zhong Shang Xue Pai )
1997nyeon 08weolyi munhwainmul:cojeong bagjega(Chu Ting Po Qi Jia )
1750 births
1805 deaths
Korean educators
Korean politicians
University of Fort Hare

The University of Fort Hare is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa. It was an important university for black Africans from 1916 to 1959.
It offered a Western-style, academically excellent education to students from across sub-Saharan Africa, creating a black African elite. Nelson Mandela studied at the university during his early years before leading a group of students on a political strike and getting expelled.
References
Other websites
Official website
Fort Hare
Pallas's cat

Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul) is also called the manul. It is a small wild cat with a very wide distribution in the grasslands and montane steppes of Central Asia.
It is affected by its habitat getting smaller by being destroyed, with fewer prey, and is also hunted by poachers. It is classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
Pallas's cat was first described in 1776 by the German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas.
References
Felines
Mammals of Asia
Europa Universalis IV

Europa Universalis IV (EU4 in short) is a video game in the Europa Universalis set of games. It is made by Paradox Interactive. It came out in August 2013. The game is a strategy game. Players can play as a country between the years of 1444 and 1821. Players can trade, build colonies, and fight other countries in war.
References
2013 video games
Sint Annaparochie

Sint Annaparochie is the largest village of Waadhoeke in Friesland, the Netherlands. About 4,800 people lived here in 2021.
References
Settlements in Friesland
Waadhoeke
Shimmer and Shine

Shimmer and Shine is an animated television series created by Farnaz Esnaashari-Charmatz. It airs on Nickelodeon in the United States and on Treehouse in Canada. The series premiered on August 24, 2015. The show was based on an unreleased pilot from September 2013.
On February 11, 2016, it was announced that Shimmer and Shine was renewed for a second season that uses CGI animation. On June 21, 2016, Shimmer and Shine was renewed for a third season. Shimmer and Shine are 2 genies who grant wishes and try to solve problems and the evil Zeta with the help of their human friends Leah and Zac.
References
American children's television series
Canadian children's television series
English-language television programs
Nolan North

Nolan North (born October 31, 1970) is an American voice actor known for voicing Nathan Drake from the Uncharted franchise.
Filmography
Crash of the Titans (2007)
Crash: Mind over Mutant (2008)
Portal 2 (2011)
Batman: Arkham City (2011)
Batman: Arkham Origins (2013)
Batman: Arkham Knight (2015)
Uncharted 4: A Thief's End (2016)
Other websites
Nolan North at Behind The Voice Actors
1970 births
American movie actors
American television actors
American video game actors
American voice actors
Actors from New Haven, Connecticut
Living people
Zapped (2014 movie)

Zapped is an American television movie made for Disney Channel. It stars Zendaya, Chanelle Peloso, Emilia McCarthy and Spencer Boldman. Zendaya played the lead role of Zoey Stevens.
Cast
Zendaya as Zoey Stevens
Chanelle Peloso as Rachel
Spencer Boldman as Jackson
Emilia McCarthy as Taylor
Adam DiMarco as Adam Thompson
Louriza Tronco as Yuki
Lucia Walters as Jeannie Stevens
Aleks Paunovic as Ted Thompson
William Ainscough as Ben Thompson
Jedidiah Goodacre as Tripp
Connor Cowie as Zach Thompson
Samuel Patrick Chu as Charlie
References
Other websites
2014 fantasy movies
2014 comedy movies
2010s teen movies
American television movies
American teen comedy movies
Chuathbaluk, Alaska

Chuathbaluk is a city in Alaska.
Cities in Alaska
Bluff, New Zealand

Bluff (), previously known as Campbelltown and is the southern town in the South Island. It has a seaside port and is on the southern coast of the South Island. It is 30 kilometers south of Invercargill. It has two primary schools in the town.
References
Towns in New Zealand
Invercargill
Statute of limitations

Statutes of limitations are laws passed by a legislative body in common law systems that set the maximum time after an event when a lawsuit may be filed. In civil law systems, similar provisions are typically part of their civil or criminal codes and known collectively as periods of prescription. When the period of time specified in a statute of limitations passes, the statute of limitations provides an absolute defense to the legal claim.
The intention of these laws is to make sure legal cases are brought to trial in a reasonable length of time.
A statute of limitations restricts when a case may be filed, but is not a deadline for the completion of a case. If a case is filed during the period specified in the statute of limitations, the case may be heard and decided by the court even after that period expires.
Civil lawsuits
The statute of limitations is determined by the cause of action, and different causes of action may have different limitations period even within the same state or country. The limitations period may be extended to ensure fairness to the parties, for example, if the person making the claim was a minor at the time the legal claim arose, or if the defendant committed a wrongful act to conceal the legal claim from the injured plaintiff.
Typically the statute of limitations must be raised by the defense after a lawsuit is filed. If the defense does not claim that the legal action is barred by the statute of limitations, a court may find that the defense has been waived and allow a late-filed lawsuit to continue.
Criminal prosecution
When a statute of limitations expires (runs out) in a criminal case, if the defendant or judge raises a statute of limitations defense, the person can no longer be placed on trial for that cause. In many cases the statute of limitations is jurisdictional, so that a defendant can get a dismissal of a charge even if the defense is not raised, but in some cases the defendant risks waiving the statute of limitations defense if it is not raised before conviction.
References
Legislation
Yung Berg

Christian Ward (born September 9, 1986), better known by his stage name Hitmaka (used to be Yung Berg) is a rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer from Chicago. He's best known for the song "Sexy Lady" with Junior. He was featured in the song "Sexy Can I" by Ray J.
Reference
1986 births
Living people
African American musicians
Musicians from Chicago
Rappers from Illinois
Gingerbread man

Gingerbread men are cookies made of gingerbread shaped like people.
In America, they are most popular at Christmastime. Ingredients include ginger, molasses, spices, flour, butter, eggs, etc. The dough is rolled out on a flat surface, and the gingerbread man is made with a cookie cutter. The cookies can be frosted and decorated with various trims such as raisins and silver dragees.
These cookies can be made with different decorations such as chocolate chips, jelly beans, chocolate sauce etc. They can also be made in different sizes.
Cookies
Random forest

Random forest is a statistical algorithm that is used to cluster points of data in functional groups. When the data set is large and/or there are many variables it becomes difficult to cluster the data because not all variables can be taken into account, therefore the algorithm can also give a certain chance that a data point belongs in a certain group.
Steps of the algorithm
This is how the clustering takes place.
Of the entire set of data a subset is taken (training set).
The algorithm clusters the data in groups and subgroups. If you would draw lines between the data points in a subgroup, and lines that connect subgroups into group etc. the structure would look somewhat like a tree. This is called a decision tree.
At each split or node in this cluster/tree/dendrogram variables are chosen at random by the program to judge whether datapoints have a close relationship or not.
The program makes multiple trees a.k.a. a forest. Each tree is different because for each split in a tree, variables are chosen at random.
Then the rest of the dataset (not the training set) is used to predict which tree in the forests makes the best classification of the datapoints (in the dataset the right classification is known).
The tree with the most predictive power is shown as output by the algorithm.
Using the algorithm
In a random forest algorithm the number of trees grown (ntree) and the number of variables that are used at each split (mtry) can be chosen by hand; example settings are 500 trees, 71 variables.
References
Randomised algorithms
World IPv6 Day

World IPv6 day was an event on January 12, 2011. On World IPv6 day, many websites tested IPv6, the new version of the "Internet protocol". There was another event on June 6, 2012 called "World IPv6 Launch Day". On World IPv6 Launch Day, the Internet Society hoped that IPv6 would really be enabled and work on many websites.
Internet
Turk Telekom Arena

Ali Sami Yen Spor Kompleksi - Turk Telekom Arena is a new multi-purpose stadium in the Sisli district of Istanbul, Turkey. It became the new home ground for Galatasaray S.K. in 2011, replacing the old Ali Sami Yen Stadium. The stadium has an all seated capacity of 52,652.
Dimensions
Stadium: 195,000 m2 - 228m x 190m x 70m
Playing level: 120 m x 83 m
Gross grass area: 111 m x 72 m
Playing field: 105 m x 68 m
Construction
Total concrete used during stadium construction: 190,000 m3
Total steel used during stadium construction: 35,000 tonnes
Total steel used for the roof: 5,500 tonnes
Football stadiums in Turkey
Buildings and structures in Istanbul
2011 establishments in Asia
Lavender marriage

The term lavender marriage relates to man-woman marriage which is for purposes of hiding homosexuality. This is called a "beard" in slang terminology. The term lavender marriage was started in the 1920s. Such marriages are called marriages of convenience. They are done to protect public reputations and preserve careers of some people.
Marriage
LGBT
Where I'm Coming From

Where I'm Coming From is the thirteenth album by Stevie Wonder. The album was released by Motown Records on April 12, 1971. It was his only album to be released in 1971 as Music of My Mind was released in 1972.
Track listing
All songs written by Stevie Wonder and Syreeta Wright
Side One
"Look Around" - 2:45
"Do Yourself a Favor" - 6:10
"Think of Me as Your Soldier" - 3:37
"Something Out of the Blue" - 2:59
"If You Really Love Me" - 3:00
Side Two
"I Wanna Talk to You" - 5:18
"Take Up a Course in Happiness" - 3:11
"Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer" - 2:53
"Sunshine in Their Eyes" - 6:58
References
1971 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Robert Catesby

Robert Catesby (3 March 1572 - 8 November 1605) was a conspirator and leader of group who planned the Gunpowder Plot, but failed.
References
1572 births
1605 deaths
British people
English Roman Catholics
People from Warwickshire
Deaths by firearm in England
Ethernet

Ethernet is a way of connecting computers together in a local area network or LAN. It has been the most widely used method of linking computers together in LANs since the 1990s. The basic idea of its design is that multiple computers have access to it and can send data at any time. This is comparatively easy to engineer.
If two computers send data at the same time, a collision will occur. When this happens, the data sent is not usable. In general, both computers will stop sending, and wait a random amount of time, before they try again. A special protocol was developed to deal with such problems. It is called Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection or CSMA/CD.
Different cable types
There are different Ethernet standards. Today, Ethernet cables look like thick telephone cables. They connect to boxes called hubs or switches. Each cable runs from a computer's network interface card (NIC) to such a box. This cable is called 10BaseT or 100BaseT, or 1000BaseT Cable.
All cable types:
10Base2 and 10Base5: These coaxial cables are like those used in television, but thinner. They are also called "thinnet" or "coax". Each computer has a "T" plugged into it, and cables plug into each side of the "T". Sometimes, instead of a "T", a vampire tap is used. It supports 10MBits per second transfer speed. It was the first to be adopted, and became rare during the 21st century.
10BaseT: Cables look like thick phone cables, but with 8 copper wires instead of 2 or 4, and they go from each computer' to a Hub or a Switch. Supported speed is 10 MBit/second.
10BaseF: Same as 10BaseT, but cables transmit light pulses, instead of electrical signals.
100BaseT: Cables look the same as 10BaseT, but can run at up to 100 MBits per second
1000BaseT: Cables look the same as 10BaseT, but can run at up to 1GBit (1000MBit) per second.
Today, the cables for 10BaseT, 100BaseT, and 1000BaseT are the same. Their transmission medium is unshielded twisted pair for Category 5 (UTP-Cat5) or 5e. Shielded cable (STP-Cat5 or Cat5e) can be used when there is a lot of electrical noise, and Category 6 (UTP-Cat6 or STP-Cat6) works better with faster signals such as 1GBit or 10GBit.
Different devices
Other devices, such as video game consoles, can also be connected using the same kind of cabling. Certain computer peripherals, for example printers and certain hard disks can be directly connected to the network with such cables.
Different speeds
Ethernet can go at different speeds. In the beginning, Ethernet was at 10 MBits per second. The Ethernet most often used today is at 100 MBits per second. Most new computers now have the NIC built in, and can go at 1GBit per second. There are also standards for 1GBit per second and 10 GBit per second. 100 MBit can usually talk to 10 MBit, and 1 GBit can talk to 100 MBit and usually to 10 MBit (both full and half duplex).
Computer hardware
Computer networking
Villard-Notre-Dame

Villard-Notre-Dame is a commune. It is found in the Isere department in the southeastern part of France.
Communes in Isere
British Rail Class 25

The British Rail Class 25 diesel locomotives were originally known as British Railways Type 2. They were nicknamed Rats. 327 locomotives of this type were built between 1961 and 1967.
25
Bill Irwin (wrestler)

Barney William Irwin (born September 17, 1954 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American professional wrestler who is known for the ring names, Wild Bill Irwin and The Goon and for wrestling for WWF and WCW. Irwin recently appeared on the 15th-anniversary of WWE Raw special on December 10, 2007, where he wrestled and participated in the 15th Anniversary Battle Royal.
Other websites
Barney Irwin's OWOW profile
1954 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Minnesota
People from Duluth, Minnesota
Villefranche, Yonne

Villefranche is a former commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Charny-Oree-de-Puisaye.
References
INSEE
Former communes in Yonne
Klickitat County, Washington

Klickitat County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. The county seat is Goldendale. At the 2020 census, 22,735 people lived there.
References
19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1859 establishments in the United States
Washington (state) counties
Rorschach test

The Rorschach test is a psychological test in a form of inkblots on the cards. It is still used. It was named after Swiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach.
The test determines the state of patients and their problems.
History
Herman Rorschach was not the first who invented this method. Interpretation of inkblots was used in the game Gobolink from the late 19th century. In Europe such games were known as kleksography.
Then Alfred Binet appeared. He first used it for psychological research. It determined the work of the imagination and consciousness.
In 1921, Rorschach wrote his main book Psychodiagnostik where he described the test.
Also Austrian psychologist SIgmund Freud showed how psychic expressions of the individual (in speech, dreams, and so on) could be read as signs pointing to unconscious processes. These processes were significant for a fuller and deeper understanding of his personality. Finally, Freud stressed the very earliest experiences of the child in the family as of primary significance in the moulding of personality.
Similar tests have been devised by American psychologist Wayne H. Holtzman.
Later the test began to be used in all sorts of speculative ways. Researchers gave the test to Nazi criminals during Nuremberg Trials hoping to find out the psychological roots of mass murder.
Method
Rorschach showed inkblots to many people with the same question: "What might this be?". It showed how people approached the task. It showed also a different perception of people. Some people saw the movement on the pictures, some not.
Usually inkblots pictures are shown secretly to make the patients' responses spontaneous.
In mass culture
Rorschach test is used in many films, TV series, books, comics.
One of the main character in comic book Watchmen is named after Rorschach. Rorschach also passed the Rorschach test.
Andy Warhol created Rorschach Paintings displayed in the Baltimore Museum of Art.
Related pages
Hermann Rorschach
Alfred Binet
Kleksography
Pareidolia
References
Psychometrics
Docker

Docker can refer to different concepts:
A person working in the docks (of a shipyard), also called longshoreman, or stevedore
A piece of software used for virtualization, see Docker (software)
A brand of clothing, Dockers (brand), owned by Levi Strauss.
Different placenames
Docker, Cumbria
Docker, Lancashire
Docker, Victoria
Docker River, a place in Australia, usually called Kaltukatjara
Roller docker, a tool to prepare food
Louie Louie

"Louie Louie" is a rhythm and blues song written by Richard Berry in 1955 and best known for the 1963 hit version by The Kingsmen. It is a rock standard. "Louie Louie" tells, in simple verse-chorus form, the first-person story of a Jamaican sailor returning to the island to see his lady love.
The Kingsmen's cover recording was the subject of an FBI investigation about the supposed but nonexistent obscenity of the lyrics, an investigation that ended without prosecution. Ironically, the recording notably includes the drummer yelling "Fuck!" after dropping his drumstick at the 0:54 mark.
While the Kingsmen's version did not top the Billboard chart, it did reach #1 on Cashbox for two weeks, and it was the last #1 before Beatlemania hit the United States with "I Want to Hold Your Hand". The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" is considered the epitome of garage rock and is often considered one of the greatest rock songs of all time.
1955 songs
The Kingsmen songs
Motorhead songs
Black Flag songs
Barry White songs
Australian Crawl songs
Nick Cave songs
Toots and the Maytals songs
Czech Airlines

Sometimes called the CSA; for other uses see CSA.
Czech Airlines was started as Czechoslovak State Airlines on 6 October 1923. This was when the Czech Republic and the Slovakia were one country.
The company started flying domestically (only inside Czechoslovakia) in 1924. In 1930 they made their first international flight.
CSA stopped flying between 1938 and 1945 when the country was occupied by Germany.
When Czechoslovakia split into two countries, all of the Czechoslovak State Airlines stayed in the Czech Republic and became Czech Airlines. That is why Czech Airline's logo still says CSA : Czech Airlines
Gallery
Airlines of Europe
1923 establishments in Europe
Companies of the Czech Republic
Order of Leopold (Belgium)

The Order of Leopold (, ) is one of the three (current) Belgian national honorary orders of knighthood. It is the highest order of Belgium. It is named in honour of King Leopold I. It consists of a military, a maritime and a civilian division. The maritime division is only awarded to personnel of the merchant navy, and the military division to military personnel. The decoration was established on 11 July 1832. It is awarded for extreme bravery in combat or for meritorious service of immense benefit to the Belgian nation. The Order of Leopold is awarded by Royal Decree.
During the Second World War, the Order of Leopold was awarded to officers of foreign militaries who had helped to liberate Belgium from the occupation of German forces. Famous recipients include Brand Whitlock, George S. Patton, Bernard Montgomery, Dwight Eisenhower, and Wesley Clark. Medal of Honor recepient Sergeant Francis S. Currey was awarded the Order of Leopold for his actions at Malmedy, Belgium in late 1944. The medal was also granted to Karel Bossart in 1962, and Josip Broz Tito in 1970.
References
Orders, decorations, and medals
Belgian culture
Frank Joseph Guarini

Frank Joseph Guarini (born August 20, 1924) is an American Democratic Party politician. He represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives, where he represented the now-defunct Fourteenth Congressional District from 1979 to 1993.
Guarini served in the New Jersey Senate from 1965 to 1972. In 1970, Guarini unsuccessfully challenged incumbent U.S. Senator Harrison A. Williams in the Democratic Primary, losing 66%-34%.
References
Other websites
Official website of Frank J. Guarini
1924 births
Living people
New York University alumni
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
United States representatives from New Jersey
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Billy Reid

Billy Reid (born 18 July 1963 in Glasgow) is a retired Scottish footballer. He is now manager of Scottish Premier League club Hamilton Academical.
Reid won the PFA Scotland Manager of the Year in 2008.
References
1963 births
Living people
Scottish football managers
Footballers from Glasgow
Susil Nelson-Kongoi

Susil Nelson-Kongoi is Papua New Guinean businessperson and is a leader in the country at helping working women get more responsibility and better work rights. She supports human rights. She helps indigenous women work for better jobs. She is the Senior Media and Communications Advisor at Exxonmobil PNG Limited. She works on public policy, helping the government of Papua New Guinea make good policies. She is Vice-Chariman of the Business Council of Papua New Guinea. Nelson-Kongoi won the Overall Westpac Outstanding Women Award in 2012 for helping Papua New Guinean women to join the workforce. She is one of the only female oil executives in Papua New Guinea. She was featured in the "Pawa Meri" ("Power Women") film project that highlighted important women in Papua New Guinea.
Early Life
Nelson-Kongoi comes from East Sepik Province. Her parents were educated. They were huge supporters of education. This inspired Nelson-Kongoi to sponsor and fight for Papua New Guineans education. Nelson-Kongoi has a Bachelor of Commerce from Canterbury College. She studied management and information systems. She also has a MBA from Divine Word University PNG.
Career
She works for Exxonmobil PNG Limited as their Senior Media and Communication Advisor. She has been the Manager for Corporate Governance and Special Projects at PNG Sustainable program Ltd for 14 years. Her work helps other women who want careers.
Nelson-Kongoi was also asked to work on many national-level projects to make business and the economy stronger in Papua New Guinea. She is on the board of the Business Council of Papua New Guinea. She also helped the The Center for International Private Enterprise start its Papua New Guinea Business Advocacy Network. The Business Advocacy Network helps women get high-level jobs. She is the leader of that Network. She is also the Board Coordinator for the Papua New Guinea Chamber of Commerce and Industry. She is a board member for the Incentive Fund, helping girls and women work in businesses. Nelson-Kongoi also helps teach women about personal and business finance. She helps the Business Coalition For Women (BCFW) teach women about being business leaders. Nelson-Kongoi is the president of the Business and Professional Women's Club of Port Moresby, too.
Awards
Nelson-Kongoi won the Overall WOW Award (Westpac Outstanding Women Award) in 2012 for helping women in Papua New Guinea get jobs. She also earned a fellowship from the Australian Government's Fellowship program. She also fundraises for scholoarships for girls.
References
Papua New Guinean people
Jean-Luc Mélenchon

Jean-Luc Melenchon (; born 19 August 1951) is a left-wing French politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of the French Republic. He ran for President of France twice: he finished in fourth place in 2012 and 2017, then in 2022, he came in third.
Political career
In 1976, he was elected municipal councilor of Massy (1983), general councilor of the Essonne departement (1985), and senator of the same department (1986, reelected in 1995 and 2004). He also served as Minister-Delegate of Vocational Education between 2000 and 2002, under the Minister of National Education, Jack Lang, in the cohabitation government of Lionel Jospin.
As leader of the Left Party, he joined the electoral coalition of the Left Front before the 2009 European elections and was elected member of the European Parliament in the South-West constituency (reelected in 2014).
Presidential politics
During the protest movement against the pension reform of 2010 his public stature grew thanks to his many public and television appearances. He was also the candidate of that coalition in the 2012 presidential election, at the outcome of which he came in fourth, receiving 11.1% of the votes. He was a candidate in the 2017 presidential election "outside the frame of political parties", and founded the movement "Unsubmissive France" (FI) in February 2016. He came in fourth place winning 19.5% of the vote.
He ran for the presidency again for the 2022 election, coming in third place winning 21.95% of the vote.
References
Other websites
Page on the French Senate website
MEP webpage
1951 births
Living people
Government ministers of France
MEPs for France
Socialist Party (France) politicians
ThrustSSC

ThrustSSC, Thrust SSC, or Thrust supersonic car, is a car powered by a jet engine. It was made by Richard Noble, Glynne Bowsher, Ron Ayers and Jeremy Bliss of the United Kingdom.
Thrust SSC is the fastest land vehicle. When tested on 15 October 1997, the car traveled at 1227 kilometres per hour.
References
Automobiles
Aplastodiscus sibilatus

Aplastodiscus sibilatus is a frog. It lives in Brazil in Alagoas and Bahia.
First paper
References
Frogs of South America
Baylor University

Baylor University is a private Baptist university in Waco, Texas, United States. There are about 13,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1845.
Sports
Baylor University's men athletics teams are called the Bears and the women's athletic teams are called the Lady Bears. Baylor has 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.
Footnotes
References
Other websites
Baylor University - official site
Big 12 Conference
Colleges and universities in Texas
Christian colleges and universities in the United States
Waco, Texas
1845 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in Texas
2019 Copa América

2019 Copa America was the 46th Copa America tournament and it took place in Brazil. The host, Brazil won the tournament.
Results
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Knockout stage
References
Other websites
RSSSF
Copa America tournaments
2019 in association football
2019 in Brazil
Football in Brazil
June 2019 events
July 2019 events
Paulo Sérgio (footballer, born 1969)

Paulo Sergio Silvestre do Nascimento (born, 19) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1988||Corinthians Paulista||Serie A||7||0
|-
|1989||Rio Branco||Serie B||0||0
|-
|1990||Gremio Esportivo Novorizontino||||0||0
|-
|1990||rowspan="3"|Corinthians Paulista||rowspan="3"|Serie A||19||2
|-
|1991||15||1
|-
|1992||23||2
|-
|1993-94||rowspan="4"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||34||17
|-
|1994-95||28||9
|-
|1995-96||26||4
|-
|1996-97||33||17
|-
|1997-98||rowspan="2"|Roma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||34||12
|-
|1998-99||23||10
|-
|1999-00||rowspan="3"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||28||13
|-
|2000-01||26||5
|-
|2001-02||23||3
|-
|2002-03||Al-Wahda||UAE Football League||0||0
|-
|2003||Bahia||Serie A||8||0
72||5
198||68
57||22
0||0
327||95
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
|1992||5||2
|-
|1993||2||0
|-
|1994||4||0
|-
!Total||12||2
|}
References
1969 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Karl Zischek

Karl Zischek (28 August 1910 - 6 October 1985) was an Austrian footballer who played as a forward for Austria in the 1934 FIFA World Cup. He also played for SC Wacker Wien.
Club career
Karl Zischek started his career at Wacker in 1929. During the Second World War, Karl Zischek played quite successfully with his club Wacker and narrowly missed winning the "Gauliga Ostmark" several times.In 1947 they won the championship ahead of Rapid and the cup final 4:3 against Austria. This were the only titles in the history of the small club. Younger players like Gerhard Hanappi were the driving forces behind the Meidlingers. So Zischek ended his professional career after this season. After that he was active as a player at Meidlinger FC and SC Pressbaum. In 1950 he took over as coach at VfB Modling.
Team career
He debuted for the Austrian national football team on 16 May 1931 versus Scotland and he scored two goals in the 5-0 win. Towards the end of the era of the "Wunderteam" Karl Zischek scored a goal each against France in a 4-0 win and in a 6-1 win over Belgium. 1934 he played in the FIFA World Cup in Italy. After the end of the Second world war he played two games for the team. He played 40 matches for Austria and scored 24 goals.
References
Other websites
FIFA profile
1910 births
1985 deaths
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Association football forwards
Austrian football forwards
Carl Neumann Degler

Carl Neumann Degler (February 6, 1921 in Newark, New Jersey - December 27, 2014 in Palo Alto, California) is an American historian. Degler served as president of the Organization of American Historians, president of the American Historical Association and president of the Southern Historical Association. He is the Margaret Byrne Professor of American History Emeritus at Stanford University.
Degler was born in Orange, New Jersey.
References
Other websites
"In Pursuit of an American History" 1986 AHA Presidential Address
The Pulitzer Prizes
Pulitzer Prize winners
1921 births
2014 deaths
American historians
Educators from New Jersey
People from Orange, New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey