pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lenz's law

Lenz's law is a common way to understand how electromagnetic circuits obey Newton's third law and the conservation of energy. Lenz's law is named after Emil Lenz, and it says:
An induced electromotive force (emf) always gives rise to a current whose magnetic field opposes the change in original magnetic flux.
Lenz's law is shown with the negative sign in Faraday's law of induction:
,
which indicates that the induced emf (E) and the change in magnetic flux (PhB) have opposite signs.
The induced emf and the resulting induced current are counterclockwise when B' is directed out from the page and the area of the circuit is decreasing. The flux through this circuit is decreasing in the outward direction. Now the induced current I produces its own magnetic field, and we may use the right-hand grip rule to compute the direction of this field. The result is that the magnetic field due to the induced current is also directed outward within the circuit. It is as though nature, through this induced field, tried to compensate for the reduction in the flux due to the applied field B. This turns out experimentally to be a general rule, so that we may say thatThe direction of the induced emf is always such as to result in opposition to the change producing it.That is Lenz's law.
As another example of the application of Lenz's law, consider a coil of wire to which a battery is suddenly connected. Suppose that the battery starts a current flowing clockwise, as viewed by the observer. This current will give rise to a magnetic field whose lines will thread the coil and circle back outside it. Thus, as the current due to the battery builds up, there is a changing magnetic flux through the coil and this must result in an induced emf in the coil. What is the direction of this induced emf? Lenz's law tells us immediately that it must be counterclockwise, so as to oppose the building up of the current. Similarly, when the current in a circuit is broken, the induced emf seeks to keep the current from dying out, and this accounts for the sparking observed when switches are opened slowly. The induced emf in a circuit whose current is changing is called the back emf, since it always opposes the alteration in the current. It arises from change in the current's own magnetic field, an effect referred to as self-inductance.
Were Lenz's law not true, an increase in current in a coil would result in an emf that aided the applied battery, thus increasing the current further, inducing more emf and further increases in the current, ad infinitum''. This would be an unstable situation and one in which the conservation of energy principle would be disobeyed.
This sort of reasoning may be extended to other situations in which a system in equilibrium is displaced and the principle arrived at is the following.
When a system in equilibrium is disturbed, the equilibrium is displaced in the direction which tends to undo the effects of the disturbance.
This generalization of Lenz's law is called Le Chatelier's principle.
References
Electromagnetism
Laws of physics
Loom

A loom is a machine for weaving thread or yarn into textiles. Looms can range from very small hand-held frames, to large free-standing hand looms, to huge automatic mechanical devices.
The invention of the power loom by Edmund Cartwright was very important in the Industrial Revolution.
Hobbies
Weaving
Jerusalem Botanical Gardens

Jerusalem Botanical Gardens (JBG) are the national botanical gardens of Israel. The gardens are on the Hebrew University of Jerusalem campuses of Mount Scopus and Givat Ram. The first garden was established in 1926 at Mount Scopus. After 1948, when the university in Mount Scopus was occupied by Jordan, it was opened in a new site, in 1954, on the new campus university, in Givat Ram. After the 1967 war, when Mount Scopus was reoccupied by Israel, the garden in Mount Scopus was opened again. The visitor center is in Givat Ram, next to Nayot neighborhood.
Related pages
Tomb of Nicanor
List of botanical gardens
Other websites
Official website of the botanical garden in Givat Ram
Official website of the botanical garden in Mount Scopus
Jerusalem Botanical Garden blossoms with flora
JBG Pictures
Botanical gardens in Israel
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Mount Scopus
Mammoth Spring, Arkansas

Mammoth Spring is a city in Fulton County, Arkansas, United States.
Cities in Arkansas
Tavastia (historical province)

Tavastia is an historical province in Finland.
Tavastia is now divided between four regions of Finland. These are Tavastia Proper, Paijanne Tavastia, Pirkanmaa and Central Finland.
History of Finland
Geography of Finland
Der Stürmer

Der Sturmer was a weekly newspaper published from 1923 to 1945. It contained propaganda for the policies of the Nazi Party in Germany. It was styled like a tabloid. It printed obscene antisemitic material with the intent to make people hate Jews. This included racist caricatures, accusations of blood libel and sex crimes, and articles about why Jews are a problem.
The paper was published by Julius Streicher. It was first printed in Nuremberg on 20 April 1923. This was at a time when Adolf Hitler was trying to seize power and control over the government. Der Sturmer continued to be published until the end of World War II. After the war, Streicher was executed for authorising the publication of articles that demanded the extermination of the Jewish race.
References
Other websites
Newspapers published in Germany
1923 establishments in Europe
1945 disestablishments in Germany
Nazi Germany
Fascism
1920s establishments in Germany
Hugo de Vries

Hugo Marie de Vries (Haarlem, 16 February 1848 - Lunteren, 21 May 1935) was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. He suggested the concept of genes, rediscovered Gregor Mendel's laws of heredity, and introduced the term mutation. He developed a mistaken mutation theory of evolution, mainly due to the peculiarities of his favourite organism, the Evening Primrose (Oenothera lamarckiana).
Carl Correns also - independently - rediscovered Gregor Mendel's work on genetics. Erich von Tschermak's status as a third rediscoverer is now less convincing.
References
1848 births
1935 deaths
Cell biologists
Dutch biologists
Geneticists
People from Haarlem
Drive (song)

"Drive" is a 1984 song performed by The Cars. It was from their Heartbeat City album. The song came out in March 1984. It is a sad song.
This song was the highest charting single by The Cars. It hit #3 on the Billboard Hot 100. It hit #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. It hit #5 in the United Kingdom.
1984 songs
1980s ballads
Pop songs
The Cars songs
Lake Albert (Africa)

Lake Albert, or Albert Nyanza, is a lake in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is one of the African Great Lakes. Lake Albert is Africa's seventh-largest lake, and the world's twenty-seventh largest lake by volume.
Lake Albert is in the center of Africa. It is the northernmost of the chain of lakes in the "Albertine Rift", the western branch of the East African Rift. The lake is about long and wide, with a maximum depth of . It is above sea level.
Lake Albert is part of the complicated system of the upper Nile. Its main sources are from Lake Victoria to the southeast, and from Lake Edward to the southwest. Its outlet, at the northernmost tip of the lake, is the Albert Nile, which becomes the White Nile when it enters South Sudan.
At the southern end of the lake there are swamps. Farther south is the Ruwenzori Range, while a range of hills called the Blue Mountains tower over the northwestern shore
European colonialists operated shipping on the lake. The British planned shipping on Lake Albert as part of a network of railway, river steamer and lake steamer services. The idea was to link British interests in Egypt, east Africa and southern Africa.
References
Lakes of Africa
Geography of Uganda
Geography of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Our Lady of Good Health

Our Lady of Good Health is the name given to an apparition of the Virgin Mary believed to have appeared in the town of Vailankanni, Tamil Nadu, India. She is also known as Our Lady of Vailankanni and Holy Mother of Good Health. Her name in the Tamil language is (Arokia Matha).
The Feast day of Our Lady of Good Health is on the same day as the birthday of the Virgin Mary (September 8).
The three miraculous events
Although there is no written record of these three events, the oral tradition is that there were three apparitions. Two were during the 16th century and one in the 17th century.
First appearance
The first apparition was in the town of Vailankanni, Tamil Nadu. It is said that a Hindu boy was resting under a banyan tree near a pond. While he was resting, a woman with an infant on her hand came to him and asked him for milk. The boy agreed and ran off to get the milk. When he came back, he apologized for his lateness and the reduced amount of milk due to an accident when he was coming back with the milk. However, on inspection the boy found the pot of milk to be full and was convinced a miracle happened. Together a man, also a Hindu, and the boy went back to the pond where the apparition had occurred. Again, the Lady appeared with her child. On learning that it was the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus who appeared to the boy, the residents of the local Roman Catholic community became ecstatic and renamed the pond (Our Lady's Pond).
Second appearance
Later towards the end of the 16th century, it is believed the Virgin Mary appeared to a crippled boy (and also a son of a widow) in a place called Thittu, once again in the same town of Vailankanni. The boy is said to have offered buttermilk to the Virgin Mary and then he was cured of his illness. The boy was then commanded by Mary to tell a Catholic gentleman in the nearby town of Nagapattinam. The first shrine was built by this Catholic gentleman.
Third appearance
The third appearance of the Virgin Mary was in the 17th century. A Portuguese merchant vessel was sailing from Macau in China to Colombo in Sri Lanka. When the vessel was sailing, it was caught in a storm in the Bay of Bengal. The sailors vowed to build a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary if they could reach land safely. The legend claimed that the sea became quiet and they reached safety on the shore of Vailankanni on the Virgin Mary's birthday, September 8. Because of their vow to the Virgin Mary, the Portuguese sailors put up a chapel at Vailankanni by transforming the last small shrine built by the last Catholic gentleman.
Catholicism
History of Tamil Nadu
Marian apparitions
1353

1353 was a common year.
Events
The Decameron was finished by Giovanni Boccaccio.
March 3 - Bern signs an alliance with the Swiss Confederation.
Births
July 15 - Vladimir the Bold, Russian prince (d. 1410)
Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1413)
Margaret I of Denmark, queen of Haakon VI of Norway (died 1412)
John Purvey, English scholar and Bible translator (died 1428)
Deaths
March 11 - Theognostus, metropolitan of Kiev and Moscow
Roger Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Ruthyn
Simeon of Russia, Grand Prince of Moscow and Vladimir
Matilda, daughter of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland
Togha Temur, claimant to the throne of the Mongol Il-Khanate in Persia (assassinated)
Sir Ulick Burke, Irish nobleman
Matter wave

In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, a matter wave is when you think of matter as a wave. The concept of matter waves was first introduced by Louis de Broglie. Matter waves are hard to visualize, because we are used to thinking of matter as a physical object. De Broglie revolutionized quantum mechanics by producing the equation for matter waves.
Wavelength of Matter
As experiments on light revealed that photons possessed both wavelike and particular properties, they were considered at the time to have a dual nature as both particles and waves. De Broglie showed that matter might exhibit such a 'wave-particle duality' as well. Basing his formula on earlier formulas, he arrived at the equation below.
Where l is the wavelength of the object, h is Planck's constant, m is the mass of the object, and v is the velocity of the object. An alternate and also correct version of this formula is
Where p is the momentum. (Momentum is equal to mass times velocity). These equations merely say that matter exhibits a particle-like nature in some circumstances, and a wave-like characteristic at other times. Erwin Schrodinger created an advanced equation based on this formula and the Bohr model, known as the Schrodinger equation.
Related pages
Quantum mechanics
Wave-particle duality
Wave physics
Quantum mechanics
Mack Rice

Bonny "Mack" Rice (November 10, 1933 - June 27, 2016), sometimes credited as Sir Mack Rice, was an American songwriter and singer. His best-known composition, and biggest hit as a solo performer, was "Mustang Sally." He also wrote "Respect Yourself" with Luther Ingram.
Rice died on June 27, 2016 in Detroit, Michigan from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 82.
References
1933 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Mississippi
Writers from Mississippi
Mauritian Creole

Mauritian Creole is a French-based creole language. It is spoken in Mauritius. It is not an official language but is well known among the Mauritian people. It is mostly French with a few non-French words. Mauritian Creole is spoken in over 65% of Mauritius.
Languages of Africa
Creole
Pidgins and creoles
George Cromwell

George Cromwell (July 3, 1860 - September 17, 1934) was an American politician from New York state.
He was the son of Henry Bouman Cromwell. He studid at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute and finished the Yeli College in 1883. In 1886 he finished Columbia's law school. After that he worked in the field of law.
From 1889 to 1897, he worked in a law firm Bachtora, Stillman & Hubbard. In 1897 he created his own law firm in New York city.
He was also a member of the New York Senate from 1915 to 1918.
His wife was Herminer de Rouvchal. They did not have children.
References
Other websites
Official New York from Cleveland to Hughes by Charles Elliott Fitch (Hurd Publishing Co., New York and Buffalo, 1911, vol. IV, p. 324)
Cromwell Put on the Fusion Slate in The New York Times on September 29, 1909
1860 births
1934 deaths
Politicians from New York (state)
A♭ (musical note)

A (A-flat; also called la bemol) is the first note of the A major scale. A/G is the only note to have only one other enharmonic.
Designation by octave
Scales
Common scales beginning on A
A Major: A B C D E F G A
A Natural Minor: A B C D E F G A
A Harmonic Minor: A B C D E F G A
A Melodic Minor Ascending: A B C D E F G A
A Melodic Minor Descending: A G F E D C B A
Musical notes
Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby

Talledega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby is a 2006 American sports comedy movie that was produced by Adam McKay, Will Ferrell, Judd Apatow and Jimmy Miller and directed by Adam McKay. Talledega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby received positive reviews with a 72% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 66 out of 100 rating on Metacritic.
Cast
Will Ferrell as Ricky Bobby
John C. Reilly as Cal Naughton Jr.
Leslie Bibb as Carley Bobby
Sacha Baron Cohen as Jean Girard
Michael Clarke Duncan as Lucius Washington
Amy Adams as Susan
Jane Lynch as Lucy Bobby
Gary Cole as Reese Bobby
Andy Richter as Gregory
Pat Hingle as Larry Dennit Sr.
Greg Germann as Larry Dennit Jr.
Ted Manson as Chip
Houston Tumlin as Walker
Grayson Russell as Texas Ranger
Molly Shannon as Mrs. Dennit
David Koechner as Hershell
Ian Roberts as Kyle
Jack McBrayer as Glenn
Adam McKay as Terry Cheveauz
Rob Riggle as Jack Telmont, Speed Channel commentator
Dale Earnhardt, Jr., he's in a crowd asking for Ricky's autograph (Cameo)
Jamie McMurray, he loses to Ricky when he drives in reverse at a race (Cameo)
Darrell Waltrip, NASCAR on Fox commentator (Cameo)
Mike Joy, NASCAR on Fox commentator (Cameo)
Larry McReynolds, NASCAR on Fox commentator (Cameo)
Dick Berggren, NASCAR on Fox field reporter (Cameo)
Bob Jenkins, Speed News anchorman (Cameo)
Bill Weber, NASCAR on NBC commentator (Cameo)
Benny Parsons, NASCAR on NBC commentator (Cameo)
Wally Dallenbach NASCAR on NBC commentator (Cameo)
Elvis Costello as a guest in Girard's party (Cameo)
Mos Def as a guest in Girard's party (Cameo)
David Prospect as a Ticket Taker, Fan, Press Photographer and Racecar Driver (Cameo)
Other websites
Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby's official website
2006 movies
2006 comedy movies
2000s sports movies
American comedy movies
American sports movies
Movies directed by Adam McKay
Movies set in Texas
Meaux

Meaux is a commune. It is in the Seine-et-Marne department in France.
Communes in Seine-et-Marne
Subprefectures in France
Paul Farnes

Paul Caswell Powe Farnes, (16 July 1918 - 28 January 2020) was a Royal Air Force fighter pilot. He was born in Hampshire, England. He was a Second World War flying ace who flew during the Battle of Britain as one of "The Few", during which he scored 8 kills (comprising 7 and 2 shared destroyed, 2 'probables' and 11 damaged).
Farnes died on 28 January 2020 in Hampshire at the age of 101.
References
Other websites
RCAF 70 Anniversary article
1918 births
2020 deaths
British military personnel of World War II
English centenarians
People from Hampshire
Pita

Pita is a type of flatbread. Sometimes it is called pitta or pide (Turkish), pitka (Bulgarian) and pronounced "pitta" in Greek). Pita is often round, brown, wheat flatbread made with yeast.
Pita is traditionally made in the Middle East and around the Mediterranean. It is also used in the cuisines of these countries. It can also be found in North Africa and the Levant.
Possibly, it was spread by the Ancient Greek city states colonies, or by the spread of the Islam through the region.
In Turkish cuisine, pide may refer to thicker breads made with yeast, for example shish kebab pide. It may also refer to foods using many thin layers of dough, usually with many different ingredients in between. That way, pies such as tyropita and spanakopita or sweet pies such as baclava are made.
The Indian flatbread form of roti is sometimes referred to as "Indian pita".
References
Middle Eastern foods
Turkish food
Greek food
Azerbaijani food
Persian food
Flatbreads
Petar Mladenov

Peter Tosev Mladenov (; 22 August 1936 - 31 May 2000) was a Bulgarian communist diplomat and politician. He was the last leader of the Bulgarian People's Republic from 1989 to 1990 and briefly the first President of the Republic of Bulgaria in 1990.
References
1936 births
2000 deaths
Presidents of Bulgaria
European diplomats
Communists
Sion, Switzerland

Sion is the capital of the Swiss canton of Valais. In 2002, it had a population of 27,700.
Landmarks include the Basilique de Valere and Chateau de Tourbillon.
Geography
As of 31 December 2005, 28,013 people lived in Sion. It is in the center of the Rhone valley. Sion is the economic and commercial hub of the region and canton.
The older area of the city still stays and is well preserved. As well as the two Chateau's, a number of other important buildings are there, such as the Chateau de la Majorie, the Hotel de Ville and the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Sion.
History
Sion started to develop during the time of the Celts.
It takes its name from the Latin word Sedunum. It housed the Romans with the rest of the surrounding area in the first century BCE.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sion is the oldest bishopric in Switzerland. It is one of the oldest north of the Alps.
On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Salins merged into the municipality of Sion.
In 2017, Les Agettes became part of the municipality.
Economy
The tertiary sector is the main economic sector in Sion. Tourism is also an important sector due to its historic chateau's and museums.
Sion is the third largest wine making region in Switzerland, however, the valuable agricultural land and vineyards are undergoing constant regression due to the process of urbanisation.
Sion has also become an important medical site. The Sion-Region hospital is here next to the central institute of Valaisan hospitals and the Romande clinic for physical rehabilitation (SUVA).
Finally, the commune has a waste incinerator which disposes of the waste from 44 surrounding communes. This incinerator has a catalytic converter, something that reduces harmful gases to acceptable levels. The heat created from the burning is converted into electrical energy that is then provided to local communes.
Airshows
Public airshows have been held at the airfield of Sion. Participating aerobatic teams have included the Frecce Tricolori from Italy was well as the Patrouille de France.
Transport
Sion is on the main railway line and the motorway. It also has an airport (Sion Airport).
References
Other websites
Official website
Tourism guide
Head over Heels (Tears for Feats song)

"Head over Heels" is a 1985 song by British new wave band Tears for Fears and is fourth single from their second studio album Songs from the Big Chair. It went to number 3 in the United States, number 5 in Ireland, number 8 in Canada, number 12 in the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, number 18 in Belgium and number 21 in Australia.
Formats and track listings
7": Mercury / IDEA10 (UK)
"Head over Heels" (Remix) - 4:14
"When in Love with a Blind Man" - 2:22
Also released as a 10" single (IDEA1010) and as a four-leaf clover shaped picture disc (IDPIC10)
12": Mercury / IDEA1012 (UK)
"Broken/Head over Heels/Broken" (Preacher Mix) - 7:53
"Head over Heels" (Remix) - 4:14
"When in Love with a Blind Man" - 2:22
CDV: Mercury / 080 062-2 (UK)
"Head over Heels" (Remix) - 4:14
"Sea Song" - 3:52
"The Working Hour" - 6:27
"Mothers Talk" (U.S. remix) - 4:14
"Head over Heels" (video)
References
1985 songs
Tears for Fears songs
Progressive pop songs
Peace of Augsburg

The Peace of Augsburg, 1555, was a temporary settlement of religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire. Each prince could now decide whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his land. ("cuius regio, eius religio"). The sides began fighting again in 1618 in what became the Thirty Years War.
Treaties
1550s
Holy Roman Empire
Lutheranism
1555
Travelling Without Moving

Travelling Without Moving is the third studio album by English funk band Jamiroquai. It was released on 28 August, 1996 through Sony Soho Square. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom and France, number 3 in Switzerland, number 4 in Sweden, number 5 in Belgium, number 6 in Australia, Finland and Japan, number 7 in New Zealand, number 9 in Austria and Germany, number 16 in the Netherlands and Norway, number 24 in the United States, number 37 in Canada and number 41 in Poland. The album was Jamiroquai's American breakthrough and marked its debut on the Billboard 200 chart.
Track listing
Notes
Some editions contain either "Do U Know Where You're Coming From" or "Funktion" as a bonus track. Others have both tracks.
References
1996 albums
Jamiroquai albums
Ackerman, Mississippi

Ackerman is a town in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the county seat of Choctaw County.
Towns in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Gordon J. Humphrey

Gordon John Humphrey (born October 9, 1940) is an American politician. He was a member of the U.S. Senate for New Hampshire as a Republican from 1979 to 1990. He twice ran for Governor of New Hampshire, though both bids were unsuccessful. Humphrey was born in Bristol, Connecticut.
Humphrey has become a critic of President Donald Trump and as a result of his presidency, he became an Independent.
References
Other websites
Election 2002: Sen. Gordon Humphrey An interviewed conducted by the Dartmouth Review
Gordon Humphrey's vision
A Former Aide To Schundler Is Criticized previously involved in efforts to unseat Senator Humphrey in Senate election in New Hampshire (New York Times).
1940 births
Living people
United States senators from New Hampshire
State legislators of the United States
Independent politicians in the United States
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Connecticut
Timothy McCarthy

Timothy J. McCarthy (born June 20, 1949) is an American police officer. He is the current police chief of Orland Park, Illinois, and a former member of the United States Secret Service. During the 1981 Reagan assassination attempt, he turned into the line of fire, shielding Ronald Reagan from one of John Hinckley, Jr.'s .22 caliber bullets.
Surgeons at George Washington University Hospital successfully removed the round from McCarthy's abdomen, and he fully recovered. McCarthy is one of only four Secret Service agents to have taken a bullet for the President. He received the NCAA Award of Valor in 1982 in recognition of his bravery.
In July 2016, McCarthy was named interim Village Manager of Ashburn in Chicago.
References
1949 births
Living people
American crime victims
American police officers
Politicians from Chicago
Emirates Lunar Mission

The Emirates Lunar Mission was the first mission to the Moon by The United Arab Emirates. The mission by Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre sent a lunar rover named Rashid to the Moon aboard ispace's Hakuto-R Mission 1 lunar lander.
2020s in spaceflight
Missions to the Moon
Secret Agent (1947 movie)

Secret Agent () is a 1947 Soviet spy movie directed by Boris Barnet. It stars Pavel Kadochnikov, Amvrosy Buchma, and Viktor Dobrovolsky.
Actors
Pavel Kadochnikov as major Aleksei Fedotov
Amvrosy Buchma as Grigory Leschuk
Viktor Dobrovolsky as Chief
Dmitri Milyutenko as Berezhnoy
Sergey Martinson as Willi Pommer
Mikhail Romanov as Erich von Rummelsburg
References
Other websites
1947 movies
Soviet movies
Spy movies
Movies directed by Boris Barnet
FIFA International Soccer

FIFA International Soccer is a 1993 association football simulation video game in Electronic Arts' FIFA series published by Electronic Arts. It was released for the Sega Genesis, Sega CD, Game Gear, Master System, Super Nintendo, Game Boy, 3DO, MS-DOS and Amiga.
1993 video games
FIFA
Sports video games
Sega Genesis games
Sega CD games
Game Gear games
Master System games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Game Boy games
DOS games
Amiga games
Phetchaburi province

Phetchaburi (, ) is one of the western provinces (changwat) of Thailand.
Geography
Phetchaburi is in the northern part of the Malay Peninsula. The Gulf of Thailand is to the east. Most of the province is a flat plain. The Kaeng Krachan National Park is Thailand's largest national park, covering nearly half of the province. It covers 3000 km2.
History
Phetchaburi is an old royal city, dating back to the Mon of the 8th century. Later Khmer settled in the city, as can be seen by the prangs of Wat Kamphaeng Laeng.
In 1860, King Rama IV built a palace near the city of Phetchaburi, commonly known as Khao Wang, but its official name is Phra Nakhon Khiri. Next to the palace the king built a tower for his astronomical observations. On a hill near the palace is the royal temple Wat Phra Kaeo.
Tourism
Sights
Hat Cha-am (haadcha`am)
This tourist resort resort, with modern facilities, is on a beach considered to be one of the most popular beaches of Thailand.
Phra Nakhon Khiri Historical Park (`uthyaanprawatisaastrphrankhrkhiirii)
This park is a hilly area with an old palace and historical temples near the town. It has royal halls, temples and groups of buildings, constructed in Thai, Western neoclassic and Chinese architectural styles.
Wat Kamphaeng Laeng (wadkamaephngaelng)
This temple was originally a Khmer place of worship. It was later turned into a Buddhist temple and a shrine hall was constructed. However, the outlook of the place has not much changed due to the existence of sandstone walls and four Khmer style pagodas.
Hat Chao Samran (haadecchaasamraay)
Legend says that King Naresuan the Great and King Eka Thotsarot made several royal visits here and enjoyed its beauty. The villagers called it "Hat Chao Samran", which means "beach of royal leisure".
Local products
Phetchaburi is known for a vast variety of sweet food. The reputation comes from the use of Tanot (palm) sugar. Examples are Mo-kaeng, a sweet made from flour, sugar and eggs; A-lua and Sampanni, a sweet made from flour and sugar; Thong Yip, Thong Yot and Foi Thong, sweets made from baked egg-yolk; and Chao Tan Chueam (palm seed in thick syrup).
Festivals
Phra Nakhon Khiri Fair (ngaanphrankhrkhiirii) , also known as Khao Wang, it is an important historical site. During the reign of King Rama IV, it served as the king's out-of-town palace.
References
Other websites
Website of province (Thai only)
Provinces of Thailand
Utaro Hashimoto

was a 9-dan professional Go player since 1922. He is also known as the founder of Kansai Ki-in, and he was educated by Kensaku Segoe (with Go Seigen).
Notable results
References and notes
1907 births
1994 deaths
Japanese Go players
Thodiyoor

Thodiyoor is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India.
Demographics- Census 2011 Data
As of the 2001 India census, Thodiyoor had a population of 23,123 with 11,244 males and 11,879 females. The famous temple Malumel Sree Bhagavathi is in this village.
References
Other websites
http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/628366-thodiyoor-kerala.html
Villages in Kollam district
Chester, Montana

Chester is a town in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Liberty County. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 847 people.
References
Cities in Montana
County seats in Montana
South Tarawa

South Tarawa (in Gilbertese and English: Teinainano Urban Council or abr. TUC) is the capital city of the country Kiribati. It is on an island called Tarawa Atoll. The meaning of Teinainano is "down of the mast", referring to the sail-shape of the atoll.
The South Tarawa population center is made up of all the small islands between Bairiki (on the west) to Temaiku on the east. All of separated islands are joined by causeways, forming one long island on the reef along the southern side of the Tarawa Lagoon. There is also a new causeway--the Japanese Causeway--that links South Tarawa to Betio. South Tarawa is at 1deg19' North, 172deg58' East (1.31667, 172.9667).
There is a Kiribati Teacher College and one University of the South Pacific center on South Tarawa. Bairiki is sometimes considered the capital of Kiribati because at one time both the Parliament, the Presidency and main administrative offices were located there. The Parliament meets on Ambo island; Government department are spread among South Tarawa, Betio and Christmas Island.
The Roman Catholic diocese and the Kiribati Protestant Church are on South Tarawa. Bairiki (executive), Ambo (legislative), Betio (judicial) are the main places of the capital.
National capitals in Oceania
Settlements in Kiribati
Windsor, Maine

Windsor is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
List of named minor planets (number order)

This is a list of named minor planets in number order. , it has over 23,081 named minor planets.
References
Other websites
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets, Minor Planet Center
Abarán

Abaran is a municipality of 12,964 people (2019). It is found in the province and autonomous community of Murcia in Spain.
Municipalities in the Region of Murcia
Dick King (politician)

Richard Anderson King (August 30, 1934 - January 15, 2018) was an American politician and educator. He was a member of the Democratic Party. King was born in Ritzville, Washington. He was also an educator teaching at Everett Community College. He retired in 1991.
King died on January 15, 2018 in Port Angeles, Washington at the age of 83.
References
1934 births
2018 deaths
Educators from Washington (state)
Politicians from Washington (state)
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004

The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004 was the second Eurovision Song Contest for young singers aged 8 to 15. It was held on 20 November 2004, in Hakons Hall, Lillehammer, Norway and lasted 2 hours and 15 minutes. The theme of the competition was "Bright Nordic Winter Nights". The show was presented by Stian Barsnes Simonsen and Nadia Hasnaoui. It was broadcast in 20 countries and viewed by 100 million people. Eighteen countries participated, including France and Switzerland who participated for the first time. Originally 20 countries had applied to take part in the competition, but Germany and Israel later withdrew. Spain, the United Kingdom and Croatia won the top three places, the same three countries as last year.
Results
Score sheet
12 points
Below is a summary of the maximum 12 points each country awarded to another:
Commentators
- Angela Groothuizen (Nederland 1)
- Roman Kilchsperger (SF2), Marie-Therese Porchet (TSR 2), Claudio Lazzarino & Daniele Rauseo (TSI 1)
- Elsa Fayer & Bruno Berberes (France 3)
- Matt Brown (ITV2)
- Fernando Argenta (TVE1)
- Ilse Van Hoecke & Marcel Vanthilt (VRT TV1), Jean-Louis Lahaye (RTBF La Deux)
- Leonard Miron (TVR1)
- TBC (TVP1)
References
Other websites
Official Site
Lyrics of Junior Eurovision 2004 entries at ESCKaz.com
Artists' websites
Official site of Noni Razvan Ene
Official site of Cory Spedding
Official site of Nika Turkovic
Official Website of Marios Tofi
2004 in music
2000s in Norway
Junior Eurovision Song Contest
2004 in Europe
Wheeler Winston Dixon

Wheeler Winston Dixon (born March 12, 1950) is an American movie director, critic, screenwriter, historian and scholar. He is an expert on movie history.
From 1999 through the end of 2014, he was co-editor, along with Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, of the Quarterly Review of Film and Video. He is thought to be as a top reviewer of movies alongside Roger Ebert. In addition, he is known as a filmmaker, and the Museum of Modern Art exhibited his works in 2003.
Dixon taught at Rutgers University, The New School in New York, the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, and is currently the Ryan professor of movie studies and English at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln.
References
Other websites
1950 births
Living people
American historians
Educators from New Jersey
American movie critics
American editors
Movie directors from New Jersey
Screenwriters from New Jersey
Journalists from New Jersey
People from New Brunswick, New Jersey
Xserve

The Xserve is a server made by Apple Inc. which started in 2002. It was Apple's first server since the Apple Network Servers that they made in 1996. It first came with one or two PowerPC G4 processors. Later, new PowerPC G5 were added. Now, the server runs on two quad-core Intel Nehalem CPUs.
The Xserve can be used for many things, such as a file server and web server. It can even be used for high-performance computing applications using clustering--a dedicated cluster Xserve, the Xserve Cluster Node. This means there are many Xserves linked together so they can combine their power. For this, it was available without a video card or optical drive.
References
Apple hardware
Tyler Joseph

Tyler Robert Joseph (born December 1, 1988) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, rapper, and record producer. He is best known as the frontman for the musical duo Twenty One Pilots, alongside his bandmate Josh Dun.
As a member of Twenty One Pilots, he has been nominated for six Grammy Awards, from which he has won one of them.
Personal life
In 2015, he married Jenna Black.
Jenna announced that the couple's first child, a daughter named Rosie Robert Joseph, was born on February 9, 2020. In 2021, they had their second daughter named Junie Belle Joseph.
References
1988 births
Living people
Grammy Award winners
American rock singers
American pop singers
American rock guitarists
American pianists
American pop musicians
American singer-songwriters
Rappers from Ohio
Record producers
Singers from Columbus, Ohio
Musicians from Columbus, Ohio
Writers from Columbus, Ohio
Penzance

Penzance () is a town and port in Cornwall, South West England. It is near Land's End and the most westerly major town in England. Many people live and work in Penzance. In 2001, there were 21,168 people living in Penzance. The main Cornish railway line ends at Penzance. The fishing port of Newlyn is close to Penzance.
References
Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Ben Chafin

Augustus Benton "Ben" Chafin Jr. (May 18, 1960 - January 1, 2021) was an American lawyer, farmer, and politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was born in Abingdon, Virginia. In 2014, he was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates. From 2014 until his death, he was a member of the State Senate.
Chafin died on January 1, 2021 at a hospital in Richmond, Virginia from problems caused by COVID-19 at the age of 60.
References
1960 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Virginia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Damishah Charles

Damishah Charles (born 15 October 1997) is a Sint Maarten-born Dutch softball player.
She started playing softball in Enschede from a young age. In 2021 played with the softball club of Morgan State University in the United States where she studied. She is member of the Netherlands women's national softball team. With the national team she finished fourth at the World Championships. She became European champion at the 2022 Women's Softball European Championship.
In 2021 Charles was officialy decorated by Edison Rijna of Bonaire.
References
1997 births
Living people
Dutch softball players
Sportswomen
Laika

Laika (; c. 1954 - November 3, 1957) was a Soviet Union space dog. She was one of the first animals in space, and the first animal to orbit the Earth. She was a mix of either a Siberian Husky or other Nordic breed, and a terrier. NASA refers to Laika as a "part-Samoyed terrier." A dog was sent into space to get information about the behavior of living organisms in a space environment. Information from the flight led to the discovery of solar (from the sun) and cosmic radiation.
Laika had been a stray dog living in the streets of Moscow. She underwent training with two other dogs. She was then chosen as the dog to go up in the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2. It was launched into outer space on November 3, 1957.
Fate of Laika known
Not much was known about how spaceflight would affect living animals at the time of Laika's mission. There was also no way, at that time, to bring the satellite back down to Earth. So all the scientists knew there would be no way for Laika to survive her trip. It was necessary to send a dog first as a test, because it was not thought that humans could live in outer space.
Before her trip in Sputnik, one of the scientists took Laika home to play with his children. Dr. Vladimir Yazdovsky wrote: "Laika was quiet and charming...I wanted to do something nice for her: She had so little time left to live."
One of the technicians getting the capsule ready before final lift-off said that "after placing Laika in the container and before closing the hatch, we kissed her nose and wished her bon voyage, knowing that she would not survive the flight."
Death in space
Laika died within hours from overheating. Her body temperature got way too hot for her to survive. The heat in her spacecraft had quickly risen to 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). The true cause and time of her death were hidden from people until 2002. Instead, it was reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six. Another untruth, as the Soviet government first said, was that she was euthanised (put to sleep) before her oxygen ran out.
In the Soviet Union, during the following years, no one openly questioned the decision to send a dog into space. It was not until 1998, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, that Oleg Gazenko, one of the top-level scientists responsible for sending Laika into space, said he was sorry for allowing her to die:
Return to Earth
Over five months later, after 2,570 orbits, Sputnik 2 burned up--along with Laika's remains--during re-entry on April 14, 1958.
Memorials and tribute
On April 11, 2008, Russian officials opened a monument to Laika. It was built near the military research facility in Moscow which prepared Laika's space flight. It is of a dog standing on top of a rocket.
She also appears on the Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow.
Laika & the Cosmonauts, a Finnish surf rock band, were named for Laika. They formed in 1987.
References
Notes
Citations
Other websites
Picture of Laika's memorial
Spaceflight
Animal rights
Individual dogs
1950s in the Soviet Union
Shelly Oberoi

Shelly Oberoi is an Indian politician and the current mayor of North Delhi Municipal Corporation. She was elected to the position in May 2022, becoming the first-time councillor of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) to hold the position.
Early Life
Oberoi was born in Delhi and completed her schooling from Delhi Public School, R.K. Puram. She went on to obtain a degree in Commerce from the University of Delhi. Prior to entering politics, Oberoi worked as a businesswoman and entrepreneur.
Political Career
In 2017, Oberoi joined the AAP and contested the municipal elections from the Model Town ward in North Delhi. Despite facing a tough challenge from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), she emerged victorious, becoming the first-ever AAP councillor from the area.
As a councillor, Oberoi focused on improving civic amenities in her ward, including better sanitation, road repairs, and street lighting. She also worked to improve the quality of education and healthcare facilities in her area.
Mayor Election
In 2022, Oberoi was chosen as the AAP's candidate for the mayoral elections in North Delhi. Despite facing tough competition from the BJP, she won the election with a comfortable margin, becoming the first-ever AAP mayor of North Delhi.
As mayor, Oberoi has prioritized the implementation of various welfare schemes for the citizens of North Delhi. She has also emphasized the need for greater cooperation between the state government and the municipal corporation to improve the quality of civic amenities in the area.
Oberoi's rise to the position of mayor has been seen as a testament to the growing influence of the AAP in Delhi's political landscape. Her focus on improving the quality of life for citizens and commitment to inclusive governance has earned her widespread support and admiration.
Reference
Living people
Politicians from New Delhi
1983 births
Horst Hirnschrodt

Horst Hirnschrodt (5 December 1940 - 24 May 2018) was an Austrian footballer . He played for Austria Wien, Austria Salzburg and the Austrian national team as a defender.
Career
He started his career with SC Olympia 33, 1953 he went on to Austria Wien. He debuted in March 1959 versus Simmeringer SC. With Austria Wien he won three times the league. In 1967 he went on to SV Austria Salzburg together with his teammate Karl Kodat. In 1975 he ended his career.
National team
He played 19 matches in the Austrian football national team. He debuted on 8 April 1962 in a 3:2 win over Irland. In this match he scored his only goal for the nationalteam.
Erfolge
3 x Austrian Champion: 1961, 1962, 1963
1x Runner up:1971
4 x Austrian Cup: 1960, 1962, 1963, 1967
References
Other websites
1940 births
2018 deaths
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Association football defenders
FK Austria Wien players
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Austrian football defenders
Mehmet Oz

Mehmet Cengiz Oz (born June 11, 1960, called Dr. Oz) is a Turkish-American doctor, writer, educator, and television personality. He has a television show, The Dr. Oz Show. He helps people with health and weight. He won two Emmy Awards, in 2010 and in 2011.
In November 2021, Oz announced that he was running in the 2022 U.S. Senate election in Pennsylvania as a Republican. He won the nomination in June 2022, becoming the first Muslim to be nominated by either major party for U.S. Senate. He was defeated in the general election by John Fetterman.
Oz was born on June 11, 1960 in Cleveland, Ohio to a Turkish family. He studied at Tower Hill School, at Harvard University, at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Oz married his wife Lisa Lemole in 1985. They have four children. He now lives in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania.
References
Other websites
Dr. Oz Show
Columbia University Department of Surgery profile
1960 births
Living people
American television personalities
Educators from Wilmington, Delaware
Writers from Wilmington, Delaware
Politicians from Wilmington, Delaware
Writers from Cleveland
Politicians from Cleveland
Writers from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Emmy Award winners
Educators from Pennsylvania
Educators from Cleveland
The War Between Men and Women

The War Between Men and Women is a 1972 American comedy-drama movie directed by Melville Shavelson and stars Jack Lemmon, Barbara Harris, Jason Robards, Herb Edelman, Lisa Gerritsen, Moosie Drier, Severn Darden, Joyce Brothers. It was distributed by National General Pictures.
Other websites
1972 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American independent movies
Movies directed by Melville Shavelson
Microburst

A Microburst is a downdraft that moves in a way opposite to a tornado. It is found in thunder storms. And it can be dangerous to an aircraft.
The typical microburst has an average duration of about 15 minutes from the time it is detected until it disappears, its divergence in the first 7 minutes is when it reaches a maximum in wind intensity; the descent occurs below the base of the storm or very close to it, and may have a radius of descent in the first minutes after it hits the ground from about 500 m.
Natural events
Jessica Cauffiel

Jessica Cauffiel (born March 30, 1976) is an American actress and singer. She works in movies and television. She played Tatiana in the television series My Name Is Earl. She also played Margot in the comedy movie Legally Blonde.
References
Actors from Michigan
1976 births
Living people
Sajid Javid

Sajid Javid (born 5 December 1969) is a British Conservative politician. He was the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care from 2021 to 2022. He was the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government after being appointed by Prime Minister Theresa May on 14 July 2016. In 2018 Javid became the Home Secretary after Amber Rudd resigned. In July 2019, he became Chancellor of the Exchequer for the Boris Johnson cabinet. He resigned in February 2020.
He was appointed the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, on 11 May 2015. Javid previously served as Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport from 2014 to 2015. He was Minister for Equalities in 2014. Javid was the Financial Secretary to the Treasury and Economic Secretary.
Javid was considered a possible candidate for becoming Leader of the Conservative Party. On 27 May 2019, Javid announced his campaign to run for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 election. On 20 June, Javid was eliminated on the fourth ballot.
In July 2022, Javid resigned from Johnson's government causing the government crisis as many other ministers also resigned. He later announced his second candidacy for Conservative Party leader in the leadership race to replace Boris Johnson. A few days later, he withdrew from the race.
Before entering politics Javid worked in finance. He became a vice president at Chase Manhattan Bank at age 25. He later joined Deutsche Bank in London. When he left Deutsche Bank in 2009, he was a senior Managing Director.
Javid is of Pakistani descent.
References
1969 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Exeter
British bankers
Chancellors of the Exchequer
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
People from Bristol
Politicians from Lancashire
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State for the Home Department
UK MPs 2010-2015
UK MPs 2015-2017
UK MPs 2017-2019
UK MPs 2019-present
Sun Life Financial

Sun Life Financial, Inc. is a Canada-based financial services company known primarily as a life insurance company. It is one of the largest life insurance companies in the world, and also one of the oldest with a history spanning back to 1865.
Sun Life Financial has a presence in investment management with over CAD$891 billion in assets under management operating in a number of countries. Sun Life ranks number 277 on the Forbes Global 2000 list for 2016 as well as on the Fortune 500 list. Sun Life ranks number 235 on the Forbes Global 2000 list for 2022.
References
companies of Canada
insurance companies
1865 establishments