List of scientists from Europe

This is a list of scientists from Europe.
Albania
Bashkim Fino, was prime minister; economist; He died in 2021.
Rexhep Meidani, former president of Albania; physicist; b. 1944
Austria
Sigmund Freud, pioneer of psychoanalysis; neurologist, psychologist
Karl Landsteiner, discovered that there are different types of human blood; had a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine; d. 1943
Lise Meitner, Austrian-Swedish, helped discover nuclear fission; physicist d. 1968
Erwin Schrodinger, thought of the Schrodinger equation; physicist; d. 1961
Azerbaijan
Vafa Guluzade - he was a Foreign Policy State Advisor for Azerbaijan President; the political scientist died in 2015.
Lotfi A. Zadeh - pioneer (or one of the earliest scientists) of fuzzy logic; computer scientist, electrical engineer, mathematician; d. 2017
Belarus
Barys Kit, he was author of the first book on rocket propellant
Lev Vygotsky, credited for starting the concept, zone of proximal development, or ZPD, which is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she cannot do; Psychology; died in 1934
Belgium
Pages appear in :Category:Belgian scientists
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Pages appear in :Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina scientists
Alojz Benac - became a corresponding member of the Yugoslav/Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Archeology; died in 1992.
Smilja Mucibabic, she was a biologist
Bulgaria
Lyubomir Ivanov, got the award, Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.; Linguistics, Mathematics
Croatia
Pages appear in :Category:Croatian scientists
Dubravka Jurlina Alibegovic, former cabinet member; economist
Slaven Letica, was member of parliament; economist
Miroslav Tudman, information scientist
Roger Joseph Boscovich, maker of a precursor of atomic theory; made the first geometric procedure for finding out the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position; discoverer of the absence of atmosphere on the Moon; he was from a city in what later became Croatia; died in 1787
Czechia
Pages appear in :Category:Czech scientists
Gerty Cori, Czech-American; she had a Nobel Prize; biochemist
Milan Nakonecny, mathematician
Denmark
Pages appear in :Category:Danish scientists
Tycho Brahe, he discovered (before the invention of telescopes) that the universe outside the Solar System could change when he studied a supernova and a comet; astronomer
Niels Bohr, physicist, d. 1962
Estonia
Pages appear in :Category:Estonian scientists
Karl Ernst von Baer, Embryology (within Biology); died in 1876
Madis Koiv - he got the award, the Tuglas short story award; physicist, writer and philosopher; died in 2014
Jaak Panksepp, he was an Estonian-American neuroscientist, psychobiologist; pioneer of the term "affective neuroscience", the name for the field that studies the neural mechanisms of emotion.
Finland
Pages appear in :Category:Finnish scientists
Linus Torvalds, famous for his operating system Linux; computer scientist
France
Pages appear in :Category:French scientists
Irene Joliot-Curie
Sophie Germain
Blaise Pascal, he was the creator of Pascal's Triangle
Georgia
Pages appear in :Category:Scientists from Georgia (country)
Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze, was a member of the Parliament of Georgia; assyriologist (and therefore a linguist)
Jamshid Giunashvili - he was a linguist (Iranologist); died in 2017
Giorgi Maisashvili, was presidential candidate, economist
Ghia Nodia, minister of education and science; political scientist
Germany
Alexander von Humboldt, geographer, botanist d. 1859
Max Planck, physicist, d. 1947
Martin Heidegger, philosopher, d. 1976
Great Britain
Pages appear in :Category:British scientists
John Law, Scottish economist, writer; Controller General of Finances under the Duke of Orleans, who was regent for Louis XV of France
Meave Leakey, anthropologist
James Mirrlees, Scottish, won a Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences
Greece
Pages appear in :Category:Greek scientists
Yanis Varoufakis, finance minister; economist
Eratosthenes
Euclid
Pythagoras
Hungary
Pages appear in :Category:Hungarian scientists
Janos Bolyai, mathematician, one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry -- a geometry that differs from Euclidean geometry in its definition of parallel lines; died in 1860
John von Neumann, Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist; he had an Enrico Fermi Award
Ireland
Pages appear in :Category:Irish scientists
Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish, known for Boyle's law; physicist, chemist
Italy
Pages appear in :Category:Italian scientists
Gerolamo Cardano, he invented - partially - the gimbal consisting of three concentric rings allowing a supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely, and the Cardan shaft; died in 1576
Enrico Fermi, Italian-American, was creator of the first nuclear reactor; physicist
Rita Levi-Montalcini, she had the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; neurologist
Kosovo
Idriz Ajeti (the first chief of Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts)
Latvia
Pages appear in :Category:Latvian scientists
Rusins Martins Freivalds, discovered Freivalds' algorithm for checking the correctness of matrix products; Theoretical computer science; died in 2016
Wilhelm Ostwald, Latvian-German; he had a Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Lithuania
Gitanas Nauseda, president, economist
Vyda Ragulskiene, was the first woman to become Dr.habil. of technical sciences in Lithuania
Ingrida Simonyte, prime minister, economist
Luxembourg
Pages appear in :Category:Luxembourgian scientists
Ernest Muhlen, was Member of the European Parliament; economist
Jean-Paul Pier, was known for work on on harmonic analysis and history of mathematics
Macedonia
Ratko Janev, was a member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Atomic physics
Moldova
Natalia Gavrilita, prime minister, economist
Netherlands
Pages appear in :Category:Dutch scientists
Pieter Zeeman, he shared a Nobel Prize in Physics
Norway
Pages appear in :Category:Norwegian scientists
Niels Henrik Abel, did the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation (en) in radicals; mathematician; died in 1829
Kaare R. Norum
Jacqueline Naze Tjotta, French-Norwegian, the first female mathematical sciences professor in Norway; Applied mathematics, she died in 2017
Poland
Pages appear in :Category:Polish scientists
Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer, d. 1543
Hugo Steinhaus, was known for his Banach-Steinhaus theorem
Portugal
Pages appear in :Category:Portuguese scientists
Carlos Moedas, mayor of Lisbon; civil engineer, economist
Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, former president of the Assembly of the Republic; economist
Romania
Russia
Pages appear in :Category:Russian scientists
Andrei Sakharov (d. 1989), Russian-born Soviet nuclear physicist; peace activist
Leonid Kantorovich - Russian mathematician
Sofya Kovalevskaya - Russian mathematician
Slovakia
Philipp Lenard (d. 1947), physicist, born in Pressburg (Pozsony, in today's Bratislava, Slovakia), in the Kingdom of Hungary
Slovenia
Pages appear in :Category:Slovenian scientists
Janez Stanovnik, was president of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia; economist
Spain
Pages appear in :Category:Spanish scientists
Clara Ponsati i Obiols, Counsellor of Education of the Generalitat of Catalonia; economist
Santiago Ramon y Cajal, was a medical doctor who got a Nobel Prize
Sweden
Pages appear in :Category:Swedish scientists
Alfred Nobel (d. 1896), chemist, engineer, inventor
Switzerland
Pages appear in :Category:Swiss scientists
Leonhard Euler, was the first to show the notion of (or idea about), a mathematical function; died in 1783
Turkey
List of Turkish scientists
Ukraine
Pages appear in :Category:Ukrainian scientists
Anatoliy Kinakh, former prime minister; economist
Kostiantyn Sytnyk - he was a Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (a parliament) of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; Botany; he died in 2017
Arseniy Yatsenyuk, has been prime minister; economist
Related pages
List of scientists from Africa
List of scientists from Asia
List of scientists from North America
List of scientists from Oceania
List of scientists from South America
List of sociologists from Europe
References
Lists of scientists by continent
scientists