pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Madrigal

A madrigal is a special kind of song for a small group of people to sing. Madrigals were popular in the 16th and 17th centuries. This was the end of the Renaissance music and beginning of the Baroque periods. They started in Italy and became very popular for a short time in England as well as in France. The words of madrigals are always about secular (non-religious) things, e.g. about love.
When Italian composers started writing madrigals the kinds of songs they knew were the frottola, the motet and the French chanson (song). The first madrigals were for 2 or 3 voices, but later many madrigals were written for 4 or 5 voices. These voices might be single voices (one person to each part) or several people. Sometimes the lines would also be played by an instrument, but the madrigal is usually sung unaccompanied.
The madrigal was the most important secular form of music of its time. In Italy it was very popular between about 1550 and 1630. In England the madrigal period was about 1588 to 1620.
In 1533 a book called Primo libro di Madrigali (First Book of Madrigals) was collected and published by Philippe Verdelot in Venice. It made madrigals very popular. Jacob Arcadelt published several volumes of madrigals which were very important for their development. In 1588 in England Nicholas Yonge published a collected called Musica Transalpina (Music from over the Alps). These were Italian madrigals with translated texts. The madrigal suddenly became extremely popular in England and remained so until after 1620 when it gradually became less important.
People liked madrigals because they were fun. Whenever possible the composer made the music sound like the word being sung. A word like "smile" would have quick music, "sigh" would have a note followed by a short rest, as if the singer were sighing, "rise so high" would be sung to music which rose very high. This kind of thing was called "word-painting". It can be found in religious music as well, but the way it was used in madrigals was new and exciting. Very often there would be a verse and a refrain which was often just sung to words such as "fa la la la la". The songs were often about shepherds and shepherdesses falling in love.
The most important composers of madrigals in Italy were Giovanni da Palestrina, Luca Marenzio, Jacques Arcadelt, Adrian Willaert, Cipriano de Rore, Carlo Gesualdo, Giaches de Wert and Claudio Monteverdi. In England they were William Byrd, Thomas Morley, John Wilbye, Thomas Weelkes, John Dowland, Orlando Gibbons and Thomas Tomkins. About the franco-flemish , Orlando di Lasso, Josquin des Prez . About the spanish, Tomas Luis de Victoria, Mateo Flecha.
Performance of madrigals
In the Renaissance, madrigals were performed either as entertainment at important feasts, or for relaxed enjoyment by groups of amateurs in their homes, as madrigals were a secular style of song.
Nowadays, madrigals are often sung by high school or college madrigal choirs often as an after-dinner entertainment. Sometimes the singers wear Renaissance costumes.
Musical forms
Jennifer Doudna

Jennifer Anne Doudna (born February 19, 1964) is an American biochemist. Her work on CRISPR gene editing won her the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Emmanuelle Charpentier. The award was:
"For a method for genome editing".
Doudna earned her PhD at Harvard University in 1994. She worked at Yale University with a group of scientists studying RNA.
Career
Doudna is known for co-inventing the CRISPR-Cas9 which genetically modifies DNA. She has won medals such as the Kavi Prize, The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, The Gruber Genetics Prize, and the Warren Alpert Foundation Prize.
Doudna currently works as a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Doudna teaches chemistry and molecular cell biology. She is also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
References
Other websites
1964 births
Living people
American Nobel Prize winners
American biochemists
Harvard University alumni
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Wolf Prize winners
Yale University faculty
Adventures of Captain Wrongel

Adventures of Captain Wrongel () is a 1976 Soviet animation miniseries directed by David Cherkassky.
Actors
Zinovy Gerdt as Captain Christopher Bonifatievich Wrongel
Yevhen Paperny as Lom / Archibald Dandy, Chief / Zoo Director / Mail Ship Sailor / Reporter 1 / Yacht Club Member 2
Heorhiy Kyshko as Sailor Fuchs / Customs Officer / Mailman / Reporter 2 / Market Gambler 1 / Plane Passenger 1
Grigory Shpigel as Agent 00X (singing voice by Georgy Kislyuk)
Semyon Farada as Giulico Banditto / Reporter 4
Aleksandr Burmistrov as De La Voro Gangsteritto / Hawaiian Performer / Beach Director / Yacht Club Member 1 / Market Gambler 2 / Plane Passenger 2
Eduard Nazarov as Captain of "Black Cuttlefish"
Veniamin Smekhov as Admiral / Radio Announcer / Reporter 3
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1976 movies
1410s

The 1410s was a decade that began on 1 January 1410 and ended on 31 December 1419.
Events
The power of the Teutonic Knights is broken at the Battle of Grunwald by Polish and Lithuanian armies.
Under Henry V of England, England invades France and wins the Battle of Agincourt.
The Council of Constance happens.
Births
Joan of Arc, French soldier and saint
Jami, Persian poet
Deaths
Pope Alexander V
King Albert of Sweden
Dawit I of Ethiopia
Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury
Jan Hus, religious reformer
Radcliffe Line

The Radcliffe Line became the international border between India and Pakistan (which also included what is now Bangladesh) during the partition of India. The line divided Bengal into Indian held West Bengal and East Bengal which became East Pakistan in 1956. The line was decided by the Border Commissions headed by , who was to divide equitably of territory with 88 million people.
The line took effect on 17 August 1947 after the Partition of India. When the partition was implemented, there were some problems:
The Chittagong Hill Tracts had a moslty Buddhist population, but they were given to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
To counterbalance the relatively small share of Gurdaspur district awarded to Pakistan, Radcliffe attempted to instead transfer Ferozpur and Zira tehsils in Muslim-Majority Ferozpur District to Pakistan. This was opposed by the Maharaja of Bikaner because Harike headworks on the confluence of the Sutlej and the Beas rivers, from where a canal originated, was the only source of water for his desert state was in Ferozepore. It was only after he threatened Lord Louis Mountbatten, that he would accede his princely state to Pakistan if Firozpur was awarded to West Punjab province, that the award was changed at the last minute and all of Firozpur District was awarded to East Punjab in the Republic of India.
The Gurdaspur District was moslty Muslim, but was given to India.
Sometimes the line divided villages, so one part of the village was in each country. At other instances, it went through houses, different rooms of the same house were in different countries.
Related pages
Punjab (India)
Bengal (India)
Geography of Pakistan
Geography of India
Geography of Bangladesh
Pakistan Movement
Partition of India
Liberec Region

Liberec Region is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic. The capital city is Liberec.
The region's landscape includes the Jizera Mountains, part of the Krkonose Mountains and part of the Lusatian Mountains. Lake Macha is near the town of Doksy.
Administrative divisions
The Liberec Region is divided into 4 districts:
References
2001 establishments in Europe
Bohemia
Bob Dorough

Bob Dorough (December 12, 1923 - April 23, 2018) was an American bebop and cool jazz pianist, singer-songwriter, composer, arranger and producer. He was born in Cherry Hill, Arkansas and was raised in Texas.
He was best known as composer and performer of songs from Schoolhouse Rock!, a series of TV cartoons that appeared on Saturday mornings in the 1970s and 1980s. He worked with Miles Davis and Blossom Dearie, and his adventurous style influenced Mose Allison.
Dorough died on April 23, 2018 at his home in Mount Bethel, Pennsylvania of prostate cancer at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
Official website
Albin, Scott. Essential Bob Dorough Recordings at Jazz.com
1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in Pennsylvania
American pianists
American singer-songwriters
American jazz musicians
American composers
American record producers
Musicians from Arkansas
Writers from Arkansas
Singers from Arkansas
Bombay Stock Exchange

The Bombay Stock Exchange is a stock exchange in Mumbai, India.
History
The Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange in Asia.
The BSE failure to modernize resulted in the creation of an electronic platform in the National Stock Exchange.
Timeline
1850s: Trading under a banyan tree opposite Bombay's Town Hall
1875: "Native Share and stockbrokers Association" was formed
1956: Government of India recognizes BSE as the nation's first stock exchange
2014 ; trading is done from drawing room
Related pages
National Stock Exchange of India
References
Other websites
Bombay Stock Exchange website
Stock exchanges in Asia
Economy of India
1875 establishments in Asia
1870s establishments in India
Aliw Broadcasting Corporation

Aliw Broadcasting Corporation is one of the major commercial broadcasting companies in the Philippines.
Operations
It operates a number of stations under the Home Radio & DWIZ brands. Its office and studios are located at the 5th floor of Citystate Centre, 709 Shaw Blvd., Brgy. Oranbo, Pasig. The network's station DWIZ 882 is one of the few AM radio stations authorized to operate a 50,000 watt transmitter in Mega Manila.
It is a subsidiary of Nine Media Corporation. This is also owned by the ALC Group of Companies.
On January 26, 2022, the National Telecommunications Commission assigned Aliw's television frequency on channel 23 which was formerly used by Studio 23 and S+A of ABS-CBN Corporation.
Related pages
Public broadcasting
Animated series
Media
Documentary film
News broadcasting
Commercial broadcasting
Tablet phone
Television set
Boombox
Radio receiver
Video game console
Desktop computer
Government
Grand Theft Auto clone
Racing game
Vehicle simulation game
Legislature broadcaster
Leaf blower
Campus radio
Radio stations in the Philippines
Microstate

A microstate or ministate is a country that is very small in size, or has very little amounts of people living in it., Usually, both cases are true. However, there are no set definitions of the terms "state" and "very small".
Some examples that are usually called microstates include Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Nauru, Palau, San Marino and Tuvalu. The smallest state in the world is Vatican City, in the city of Rome.
References
States
Said al-Harumi

Said al-Harumi or Saeed Alkharumi (, , (January 10, 1972August 25, 2021) was an Israeli politician. He was a member of the Knesset for the Joint List (2017-2021) and the United Arab List (2021). Al-Harumi was born in Shaqib al-Salam, Israel.
Al-Harumi died on August 25, 2021 of a heart attack in Beersheba, Israel at the age of 49.
References
1972 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Israeli politicians
Escarmain

Escarmain is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 484 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Krishnagiri district

Krishnagiri district is a district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. This is a new district which was carved out from Dharmapuri district by 2004. The municipal town of Krishnagiri is the district headquarters. In Tamil Nadu, e-Governance was first introduced at Krishnagiri district under the National e-Governance Project (NEGP) in revenue and social welfare departments on a pilot basis. The district is one of the largest producers of mangoes in India. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,879,809 with a sex-ratio of 958 females for every 1,000 males.
Mining and forestry based activities
In Krishnagiri district, quarry leases are being granted for granite in Patta lands. Rough stone and earth quarry leases are being granted in government and patta lands under Tamil Nadu Minor Mineral Concession Rules 1959. The Public Works Department (WRO wing) is operating sand quarry in riverbeds. A state owned corporation called Tamil Nadu Metals and Mineral Ltd is also earning quarry and mining grants in government lands. The total mineral revenue realized during 2006-07 was Rs. 7.45 crores. It is ascertained that nearly 7,000 workers are being engaged in quarry activities.
As Krishnagiri District has 2,02,409 hectares of forest land which constitutes 39% of the total geographical area, there are abundant produce from the forest areas. Bamboo products, honey collection and tamarind production are the forestry land activities found in Anchetty, Denkanikotta, Thally and Berigai areas. This has generated employment opportunities for thousands of rural people in these areas.
Reference
Revaz Chkheidze

Revaz "Rezo" Chkheidze (; 8 December 1926 - 3 May 2015) was a Georgian movie director. He was known for directing Father of a Soldier and The Saplings, both of which entered at the Moscow Film Festival. He was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1980.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2015 deaths
Movie directors from Georgia (country)
Soviet entertainers
Henry B. Eyring

Henry Bennion Eyring (born May 31, 1933) is an American educational administrator, author, and religious leader. He was born in Princeton, New Jersey.
After being set apart on January 14, 2018, Eyring is currently the Second Counselor to Russell M. Nelson in the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Before, Eyring was the First Counselor to Thomas S. Monson in the First Presidency from 2008 until Monson's death on January 2, 2018. Eyring was the Second Counselor to Gordon B. Hinckley in the First Presidency from October 6, 2007, until Hinckley's death on January 27, 2008.
References
1933 births
Living people
Educators from New Jersey
American Latter Day Saints
Christian religious leaders
Christian writers
Writers from New Jersey
People from Princeton, New Jersey
Quidenham

Quidenham is a village and civil parish in Breckland, Norfolk, England. In 2001, there were 576 people living in Quidenham.
References
Breckland District
Villages in Norfolk
Josh Butler

Josh Butler is a cricketer from Guernsey. Josh plays for the Guernsey cricket team. He was born on August 8, 1996.
References
Other websites
1996 births
Living people
Guernsey cricketers
Gagamboy

Gagamboy is a 2004 Filipino science fiction action comedy movie directed by Erik Matti and starring Vhong Navarro, Jay Manalo, Aubrey Miles, Bearwin Meily.
Other websites
2004 comedy movies
2004 science fiction movies
2004 action movies
2004 fantasy movies
Filipino movies
Movies directed by Erik Matti
Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron Grimthorpe

Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron Grimthorpe, QC (12 May 1816 - 29 April 1905), known previously as Sir Edmund Beckett, 5th Baronet and Edmund Beckett Denison, was a "lawyer, mechanician and controversialist" as well as a notable horologist and architect.
1816 births
1905 deaths
People from Nottinghamshire
British lawyers
English architects
Minsk National Airport

Minsk National Airport (formerly known as Minsk-2) (, ; ) is the main international airport in Belarus, located 42 km (26 mi) to the east of the capital Minsk, geographically lying in the territory of .
On August 9, 2021, head of the airport Vyacheslav Khoroneko was put in the of the USA. He got a punishment as a person who made it possible to land Ryanair Flight 4978 at the airport on May 23, 2021.
References
Airports in Europe
Buildings and structures in Belarus
List of Matsumoto Yamaga FC players

The List of Matsumoto Yamaga FC players is evolving. The history of the team is created by its players.
Matsumoto Yamaga F.C. is a Japanese professional football club in Mastumoto in Nagano Prefecture.
List
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Masaki Iida
Ryuji Kitamura
Kento Tsurumaki
Hiroshi Tetsuto
Shogo Shiozawa
Yusuke Sudo
Yosuke Nozawa
Lee Jong-Min
Kazuya Iio
Takumi Watanabe
Ryosuke Kijima
Kohei Kiyama
Related pages
Sports in Japan
List of Japanese football teams
References
Other websites
Matsumoto Yamaga F.C. website
J.League Club Guide
Lists of Japanese football players
Robert Blyth

Robert Roberts Taylor Blyth (2 June 1900 - 1956) was a Scottish professional football player from the 1920s.
Blyth was born in Muirkirk, Scotland. His father was a soccer player for Portsmouth, who later became the manager from 1901 to 1904.
Blyth played in eight Portsmouth games in the 1921-1922 season.
1956 births
Footballers from East Ayrshire
Stanley Cavell

Stanley Louis Cavell (; September 1, 1926 - June 19, 2018) was an American philosopher. He was the Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value, Emeritus, at Harvard University. He worked in the fields of ethics, aesthetics, and ordinary language philosophy.
His influential works were on Wittgenstein, Austin, Emerson, Thoreau, and Heidegger. His work is seen and known by its conversational tone and many literary references.
Cavell died in Boston, Massachusetts of heart failure on June 19, 2018 at the age of 91.
References
Other websites
Harvard Philosophy Department website
Conversations: The Journal of Cavellian Studies
A Philosopher Goes to the Movies: Conversation with Stanley Cavell
Daniel Ross, Review of Cavell, Philosophy the Day after Tomorrow
A study (in French) on Cavell's idea of perfectionism
Stanley Cavell
1926 births
2018 deaths
Jewish American writers
American philosophers
American autobiographers
Writers from Atlanta
Writers from Sacramento, California
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
Harvard University faculty
Garrey Carruthers

Garrey Edward Carruthers (born August 29, 1939) is an American politician. He was the 27th Governor of New Mexico from 1987 through 1991.
He was special assistant to the United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1974 to 1975, director of the New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute at NMSU, state chair of the Republican Party of New Mexico from 1977 to 1979, and assistant Secretary of the Interior for land and resources from 1981 to 1984.
References
1939 births
Living people
Governors of New Mexico
Politicians from Colorado
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Debattama Saha

Debattama Saha is an Indian television actress known for playing the role of Anokhi in Shaurya Aur Anokhi Ki Kahani.
Early life
Debattama Saha completed her studies from Don Bosco High School, Silchar and graduated in English Honours from Amity University, Kolkata.
Career
Saha made Hindi TV debut in 2019 with Sony TV's Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein as Dr. Parineeti Ganguly opposite Mudit Nayar.
Since December 2020, she is playing the role of Anokhi Bhalla in StarPlus's Shaurya Aur Anokhi Ki Kahani opposite Karanvir Sharma.
Filmography
Television
References
Other websites
1997 births
Living people
Louise Merzeau

Sylvie Merzeau (commonly called Louise Merzeau, 8 November 1963 - 15 July 2017) was a French academic, university professor at the Paris Nanterre University, specializing on communication studies, as well as a photographer. She was a trustee of Wikimedia France. She was born in Paris.
Merzeau died in Paris on 15 July 2017 of pancreatic cancer at the age of 53.
References
Other websites
1963 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in France
French educators
French photographers
Writers from Paris
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is a vaccine against tuberculosis. It is often abbreviated BCG. The vaccine is based on a bovine strain of the bacterium. It was developed by Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin in the 1930s. It looks like the vaccine can also be used to treat certain forms of bladder cancer.
References
Immunization
Wanna One

Wanna One (Korean: weoneoweon) is a South Korean boy band, under YMC Entertainment. It consists of eleven members, consisting of Kang Daniel, Park Ji-hoon, Lee Dae-hwi, Kim Jae-hwan, Ong Seong-wu, Park Woo-jin, Lai Kuan-lin, Yoon Ji-sung, Hwang Min-hyun, Bae Jin-young and Ha Sung-woon.
Members
Yoon Ji-sung
Ha Sung-woon
Hwang Min-hyun
Ong Seong-wu
Kim Jae-hwan
Kang Daniel
Park Ji-hoon
Park Woo-jin
Bae Jin-young
Lee Dae-hwi
Lai Kuan-lin
Discography
EPs
1X1=1 (To Be One) (2017)
References
South Korean boy bands
K-pop music groups
2017 establishments in South Korea
Jan Ladislav Dussek

Jan Ladislav Dussek (b. Caslav, Bohemia, 12 Feb.1760; d.Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 20 March 1812) was a Bohemian composer of the Classical period. He travelled a lot, living in Holland, Lithuania, Italy, France and England. He lived nearly twelve years in London where he was a fashionable teacher and famous composer. He is best remembered now for his piano music.
1760 births
1812 deaths
Dussek, Jan Ladislav
Czech composers
X-Men Origins: Wolverine

X-Men Origins: Wolverine is a prequel to the X-Men movies. It is about the life of Wolverine before he became one of the X-Men.
References
X-Men movies
Wolverine movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Gavin Hood
Zambia national netball team

The Zambia national netball team represent Zambia in international netball competition and are governed by Netball Association of Zambia. They have attended the Netball World Cup twice in 1999 and 2015.
Netball World Cup
National sports teams of Zambia
Netball in Africa
Tyson Fury

Tyson Luke Fury (born 12 August 1988) is a British professional boxer. He has held the WBC and The Ring heavyweight titles since beating Deontay Wilder in February 2020. Fury also won the unified WBA (Super), IBF, WBO, IBO and lineal titles when he beat Wladimir Klitschko in 2015. Fury had his IBF title taken away later that year because did not agree to fight against Vyacheslav Glazkov even though he was meant to accept the challenge. He chose to fight against Klitschko again instead. In 2016, Fury vacated the WBA, WBO, IBO, and lineal titles because of medical issues, problems in his personal life, and the Klitschko rematch being cancelled twice. As of 2021, Fury is ranked as the world's best heavyweight by BoxRec, Transnational Boxing Rankings Board and ESPN.
Having been told be could not fight for Ireland at the Olympic Games, he was allowed to fight for both Great Britain and Ireland after tracing his family back to relatives in Belfast and Galway. Fury has fought for both England and Ireland as an amateur, winning the ABA super-heavyweight title in 2008 before turning professional later that year. He has since held the British and English heavyweight titles twice each, as well as the European, Commonwealth, and Irish heavyweight titles.
References
1988 births
Living people
British boxers
English Roman Catholics
Sportspeople from Greater Manchester
Spanair Flight 5022

Spanair Flight 5022 was a passenger flight from Barcelona, Spain to Gran Canaria via Madrid. On 20 August 2008 the McDonnell Douglas MD-82 operating this route crashed after take-off from runway 36L at Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas Airport. 154 passengers and crew on-board died, and only leaving only 18 survivors.
The cause of the crash was pilot error due to failure to configure the flaps and slats for take-off.
Victims
Aviation accidents and incidents in the 2000s
Aviation accidents and incidents in Europe
2000s in Spain
2008 in Europe
2019 Madeira bus crash

On 17 April 2019, at about 18:00, a tour bus crashed in Canico, in the archipelago of Madeira, Portugal. The bus was carrying 56 people, mostly tourists from Germany. 29 people were killed in the crash. Another 27 more were injured, including the Portuguese driver and guide.
Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Costa gave his support to German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The President of Portugal, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, made plans to visit the site of the crash. German foreign minister Heiko Maas went to Madeira on 18 April to help victims.
References
2019 in Africa
2010s in Portugal
April 2019 events
Madeira Islands
Road accident deaths
Saint Peter, Barbados

Saint Peter ("St. Peter") is one of eleven parishes in the Caribbean island country of Barbados. It is named after the Christian Apostle and Patron saint, Saint Peter. It is in the north of Barbados.
Saint Peter is a tourist hot spot. The parish is surrounded with white sand beaches, including those along Mullins Bay. The Barbados Wildlife Reserve is mostly a monkey sanctuary for the Barbados Green Monkey. St Nicholas Abbey is one of the more famous landmarks on Barbados.
References
Other websites
Parishes of Barbados
Campbellton, Florida

Campbellton is a town in Florida in the United States.
Towns in Florida
Yury Dokhoian

Yury Rafaelovich Dokhoian (; 26 October 1964 - 1 July 2021) was a Russian Grandmaster of chess (1988).
On 1 July 2021, Dokhoian died in Moscow from COVID-19 at the age of 56.
References
Other websites
Grandmaster Games Database - Yury Dokhoian
Yury Dokhoian - Articles - New In Chess
Chessmetrics Player Profile: Yury Dokhoian
1964 births
2021 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Russian chess players
Biltmore Estate

Biltmore Mansion, also called Biltmore House or the Biltmore Estate is a 175,000 square foot/17400 square meter palatial mansion in Asheville, North Carolina and the largest privately owned dwelling in the US. It's spread over seven levels and features an indoor winter garden/conservatory, 43 bathrooms (in an age where most people didn't even have one bathroom), 35 bedrooms, a Halloween-themed room, indoor swimming pool, and a two lane bowling alley, among other great amenities. Biltmore Mansion also has an intercom system for summoning domestic servants, and was one of the first residences in America to have electricity and running water. The house and surrounding estate was built for George Washington Vanderbilt 2.
Buildings and structures in North Carolina
Asheville, North Carolina
Willie Degel

William Jack "Willie" Degel (born September 1, 1967) is an American entrepreneur who started and is the chief financial officer of the Uncle Jack's Steakhouse chain of restaurants in New York City. He is best known as the host of Restaurant Stakeout on Food Network. He was born in Queens, New York.
Degel opened his first restaurant, Hollywood and Main, in June 1990 in Flushing, Queens. Six years later, he opened Uncle Jack's Steakhouse, which has three locations in New York City. In March 2012, Degel began hosting Restaurant Stakeout, where he goes to different restaurants around the country with hidden cameras to take a look at problems with the service that the restaurants are having.
References
Other websites
Food Network biography
Uncle Jack's Steakhouse website
Businesspeople from New York (state)
American television personalities
1967 births
Living people
Restaurateurs
Oz (programming language)

Oz is a multiparadigm programming language, developed in the Programming Systems Lab at Universite catholique de Louvain, for programming language education. It has a canonical textbook: Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming. Oz was first designed by Gert Smolka and his students in 1991.
Programming languages
970

970 was a common year.
Events
A major volcano erupts in Mashu, Japan.
A terrible famine begins in France.
Eric the Victorious becomes the first king of Sweden.
Births
Leif Ericson, Norse explorer
Seyyed Razi, important Muslim scholar and writer
Sitt al-Mulk
Xu Daoning, Chinese artist
Deaths
30 January - Peter I of Bulgaria
Magyar leader, Taksany
Ferdinand II of Castile
Fujiwara no Saneyori
Garcia III of Pamplona
Hatto II, Archbishop of Mainz
Menahem ben Saruq
Patriarch Polyeuctus of Constantinople
Taksony of Hungary
Fort Yukon, Alaska

Fort Yukon is a city in Alaska. It is the hometown of Alaska Congressman Don Young and is served by Fort Yukon Airport.
Cities in Alaska
Holstein Friesian

Holstein Friesians are a breed of cattle originating from the North Holland and Friesland provinces of the Netherlands, and also the Schleswig-Holtstein state in northern Germany. Like other cattle, they are used as livestock for dairy and beef.
Overview
The breed weighs about 600 to 750 kg. A newborn calf weighs about 40 to 45 kg (sometimes even more). The breed is about about 1.45 m high. It can produce up to about 8,000 kg of milk per year (10,000 to 16,000 kg / year in top animals). It's milk is 4.2% fat and 3.4% egg white per liter (at high milk production the percentages may be slightly lower).
History
The Holstein Friesian could have originated after Frisian and Batavian cows were bred with each other, about 2000 years ago. Over the centuries, the cow is being used as a dairy breed. The breed was also popular abroad in the 19th century because of its high milk production. In the United States, Dutch cows were further bred. These cows were named Holstein-Friesian (the Holsteiners were introduced by German emigrants in the 17th century). In the second half of the 20th century, the descendants of the Dutch cows were cited in the Netherlands, because they produced more milk than the Dutch breeds Meuse-Rhine-Issel and Frisian-Holland. Since then, the black-colored Holstein-Friesian has been by far the most important cow breed in the Netherlands.
References
Frisian culture
Cattle breeds
Eurovision Asia Song Contest

The Eurovision Asia Song Contest is an upcoming singing contest. It is to be like the Eurovision Song Contest but it would be held in the Asia-Pacific part of the world. The idea was dropped for the Asian counter part of Eurovision, but recently things has been changed rapidly to bring back Eurovision to Asia again. The inaugural contest would be intended to be developed by the Australian broadcaster SBS and production partner Blink TV, in co-operation with the EBU.
In the first contest would have had 10 countries (Australia, China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Maldives, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, South Korea and Vanuatu).
Related pages
Eurovision Song Contest (2018/2019)
Junior Eurovision Song Contest
ABU Song Contest (2020) (other Asian contest based in Eurovision)
American Song Contest (American version of Eurovision)
AfriMusic Song Contest (African contest based in Eurovision)
Bundevision Song Contest (previus contest made by the Private Channel ProSieben)
Turkvision Song Contest (Turkish contest organised by TMB TV and created by TURKSOY for the Turkic countries and Turkic people)
Other websites
Official website
Production website
Official Channel on YouTube
Promotional video of the contest
Music competitions
History of technology

The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and techniques, and is similar in many ways to the history of humanity.
People make new things and, conversely, many scientific endeavors are possible through technologies. Technology lets us travel to places we could not otherwise go, and probe the nature of the universe in more detail than our natural senses allow.
Technological artifacts are products of an economy, a force for economic growth, and a large part of everyday life. Technological innovations affect, and are affected by, a society's cultural traditions. They also are a means to develop and project military power.
What are the great technologies?
The hand axe: used for about 1.5 million years, from Homo erectus to neolithic man. Basically a tool for butchering large animals which were probably killed by wooden spears. Not for nothing did a curator at the British Museum use the phrase Man the Toolmaker.
Fire, which would have occurred naturally in the drier environments of the savannah. The date of the first deliberate use of fire for warmth, protection and cooking is not known.
The city: we can date this to about 8,000 years ago in the fertile crescent.
Writing: the means of trade, education and cultural transmission from one generation to another. About 3300 BC.
References
Defence Day

Defence Day ( ALA-LC: ) is celebrated in Pakistan as national day to commemorate the sacrifices made by Pakistani soldiers in defending its borders. The date of 6 September marks the day in 1965 when Indian troops illegally crossed the International Boundary to launch an attack on Pakistani Punjab, in a riposte to Pakistan's Operation Grand Slam liberating IOJK.
The change of guard ceremony takes place at Mazar-e-Quaid, Karachi, where the cadets of Pakistan Air Force Academy present the Guard of Honour and take the charge.
Holidays of Pakistan
September events
Persecution of Christians

Persecution of Christians is treating Christians unfairly based on their religion. This can mean using violence against them or putting them in prison. Persecution of Christians exists in many countries which include India, Iran, Pakistan, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Burma, Lebanon, Syria, Sri Lanka etc. In China it is illegal to be a member of a Christian church that is not approved by the government.
Related pages
Diocletian
Nero
Religious persecution
Ancient Christianity
Discrimination
Christian behavior and experience
Religious violence
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar

Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, (, Mozaffar Sah-e Qajar, Muzaffari'd-Din Shah Qajar; 23 March 1853 - 3 January 1907) was the fifth Qajar dynasty king of Persia. He reigned between the years 1896 and 1907.
The son of the Qajar dynasty ruler Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, Mozaffar ad-Din was named crown prince and sent as governor to the northern province of Azerbaijan in 1861.
Other websites
Iranian Cinema: Before the Revolution
Kings and Queens consort
History of Iran
Persian culture
1853 births
1907 deaths
Mametz, Pas-de-Calais

Mametz, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Bob Ash

Bob Ash (born September 29, 1943) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. During his career he played 200 games in the World Hockey Association with the Winnipeg Jets and Indianapolis Racers.
Awards and achievements
MJHL First All-Star Team (1964)
Turnbull Cup MJHL Championship (1962, 1963, & 1964)
Other websites
1943 births
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
World Hockey Association players
Central Professional Hockey League players
Raydon

Raydon is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 487 people living in Raydon.
References
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Seeg

Seeg is a municipality in Ostallgau in Bavaria in Germany.
Gallery
References
Ostallgau
Sue Townsend

Susan Lillian "Sue" Townsend, FRSL (2 April 1946 - 10 April 2014) was an English novelist and playwright. She was best known as the author of the Adrian Mole books. Most of her works combined comedy with social commentary and also wrote purely dramatic works. She was born in Leicester, Leicestershire.
Townsend was diagnosed with diabetes in the 1980s. She received a kidney from her elder son in 2009. She had a stroke in 2012. She died on 10 April 2014 at her home in Leicester after having another stroke. She was 68 years old.
References
Other websites
Sue Townsend at Penguin Books
1946 births
2014 deaths
British children's writers
Deaths from stroke
English playwrights
English novelists
English screenwriters
Organ transplant recipients
People from Leicester
Republicans
Writers from Leicestershire
Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban

Chateau-Arnoux-Saint-Auban is a commune of 5,270 people (2008). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the south of France.
Education
A campus of the Ecole nationale de l'aviation civile is located in the commune.
Transports
Chateau-Arnoux-Saint-Auban Airport
References
Communes in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Hyphen

The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. A hyphen looks like this: -. Hyphens have many uses in writing.
Son-in-law is an example of a hyphenated word. The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes which are longer and have different uses, or with the minus sign. The hyphen is the shortest of these signs.
Some words can have a hyphen added to change the meaning. For example, re-form means "start again" but reform means "change". A re-formed group is different from a reformed group.
A hyphen is used to spell out some numbers (thirty-two, forty-nine, eighty-six).
When a name for a material such as "stainless steel" is used with a word for a thing made of that material, a hyphen may be used, as in "stainless-steel knife".
Some words have letters at the beginning, or prefixes, these can sometimes use hyphens: un-American, anti-pollution, non-proliferation
When spelling out a word: H-Y-P-H-E-N
In some cases, when putting two words together would be hard to understand. For example, if something is like a shell, writing it as "shelllike" is hard to read with so many uses of the letter 'l'. It is better to use "shell-like."
When writing words that someone has spoken when that person has difficulty speaking, as in: "I reached for the w-w-w-watering can." This is called a stammer.
When adding words that already have a hyphen. For example: two to year-old as in: "He was a two- or three-year-old dog."
If a word for a person (a name or proper noun) is used with another name, a hyphen is used, such as "the Merriam-Webster dictionary" or "the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact."
Some people take a name from the family names of both parents, or from the last name of their father and husband. For example: "John Rees-Williams". This is not always the case, for example: "Hillary Rodham Clinton".
A hyphen is also used when a word is too long to fit in one row of writing. This is often done in books, magazines and newspapers to save space and paper. A long word is broken into two parts, of nearly the same length, with a hyphen at the end of the first part. The normal way is to make the first part of the word as much of a complete word as possible. For example:
Related pages
Punctuation
References
Punctuation
ELISA

The ELISA method (Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) is a technique used in biochemistry to determine if a certain substance--such as a specific cytokine or antigen--is present within a sample. It is sometimes abbreviated as "EIA."
This technique uses special antibodies that attach themselves to the substance. These antibodies generate a specific color. The amount of color indicates the amount of substance present. (Sometimes, the substance must be viewed under ultraviolet light for the antibodies to generate this color.)
Another set of antibodies are used to "capture" the substance. These antibodies adhere to both the substance and the testing container, thus holding the substance in place.
A more sophisticated and sensitive technique, the ELISPOT method, was derived from the ELISA techique.
Other websites
An animated illustration of an ELISA assay
Image of a microtiter plate, such as is commonly used in ELISA tests
Biochemistry
White Army

The White Army during the Russian Revolution was an alliance of various groups that opposed the Red Army of Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. White Army supporters included liberals, aristocrats, Cossacks, the Russian Orthodox Church, and some peasants. Eventually, the enemies of the Bolsheviks sent ships and troops to help the White Army. The Red Army defeated the White Army by being better organized and more united.
Russian Revolution
Hayato Hashimoto

Hayato Hashimoto (born 15 September 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Omiya Ardija.
Club career statistics
|-
|2004||rowspan="7"|Omiya Ardija||J. League 2||0||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||1||1
|-
|2005||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2006||15||2||2||1||2||0||19||3
|-
|2007||22||0||0||0||4||0||26||0
|-
|2008||6||0||0||0||1||0||7||0
|-
|2009||33||2||2||0||4||0||39||2
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
77||4||5||2||11||0||93||6
77||4||5||2||11||0||93||6
|}
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Fukui Prefecture
Stirrup

The stirrup is a ring with a flat bottom fixed on a leather strap, usually hung from each side of a saddle to create a footrest for the rider on a riding animal (usually a horse or a mule), suspended by an adjustable strap from the saddle for use as a support for the foot of a rider of a horse when seated in the saddle and as an aid in getting up.
Horse riding
Syed Kirmani

Syed Kirmani was an Indian wicket keeper.
Other websites
1949 births
Living people
Made of Honor

Made of Honor (Made of Honour in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, and Australia) is a 2008 American romantic comedy movie directed by Paul Weiland and written by Adam Sztykiel, Deborah Kaplan, and Harry Elfont. The movie stars Patrick Dempsey, Michelle Monaghan, and Sydney Pollack.
The plot follows a lifelong playboy who falls in love with his best friend, only to have her get engaged and ask him to be her maid of honor. It was released by Columbia Pictures in the United States on May 2, 2008. Critics gave the movie negative reviews because of its formulaic humor and script. Yet the movie earned $106.4 million worldwide against a $40 million budget making it a box office success. It was released on DVD on September 16, 2008.
Cast
Patrick Dempsey as Thomas "Tom" Bailey, Jr.
Michelle Monaghan as Hannah
Kevin McKidd as Colin McMurray
Kathleen Quinlan as Joan
Sydney Pollack as Thomas Bailey, Sr.
Chris Messina as Dennis
Kadeem Hardison as Felix
Richmond Arquette as Gary
Busy Philipps as Melissa
Kristen Schaal as Stephanie
Sarah Wright as Sexy blonde
Emily Nelson as Hilary
James Sikking as Reverend Foote
Christine Barger as Psychoblogger
Danny Woodburn as Tiny Shorts Guy
Beau Garrett as Gloria
Kelly Carlson as Christie Bailey
Valerie Edmond as Kelly
Hannah Gordon as Deirdre McMurray
Eoin McCarthy as Ewan
Clive Russell as Finlay
Mary Birdsong as Sharon
Murray McArthur as Driver in Scotland
Grant Thomson as Huge Scottish Football Player
2008 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
British romantic comedy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies directed by Paul Weiland
Rudolf Wille

Rudolf Wille (2 November 1937 - 22 January 2017) was a German mathematician. He was professor of General Algebra from 1970 to 2003 at Darmstadt University of Technology. His best known work was the invention of Formal concept analysis. This is a method to find structures in data, based on objects and their shared attributes. It uses mathematical lattice theory.
Wille was born in Bremen on 2 November 1937. He died on 22 January 2017 in Bickenbach, Hesse. He was 79.
References
1937 births
2017 deaths
German mathematicians
People from Bremen (state)
Senago

Senago is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region of Lombardy.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Callimedusa atelopoides

The toady leaf frog or terrestrial monkey frog (Calllimedusa atelopoides) is a frog that lives in Bolivia and Peru, but scientists think it may one day live in Colombia and Ecuador too.
Unlike most tree frogs, this frog does not live in the water at all when it is an adult. It is brown in color and lives in trees.
The adult male frog is cm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is long. It is green with orange color on its sides and legs. The irises of its eyes are silver or gray.
The male frog sounds like "wort" when he sings for the female frog. When it is time to lay eggs, the female frog lays 20 eggs at a time on a leaf and then folds the leaf around the eggs. When the tadpoles hatch, they fall out of the nest into the water.
References
Frogs of South America
Roquebrune-sur-Argens

Roquebrune-sur-Argens is a commune of 14,937 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Communes in Var
Nikolai Khabibulin

Nikolai Ivanovich Khabibulin (Nikolai Ivanovich Khabibulin in Russian; born January 13, 1973 in Sverdlovsk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL.
He has also played with the Winnipeg Jets for 2 seasons, Phoenix Coyotes for 3 seasons, Tampa Bay Lightning for 3 seasons and Edmonton Oilers for 2 seasons. He won the Stanley Cup with the Tampa Bay Lightning in 2004 becoming the first Russian goalie to win a Stanley Cup. On July 5, 2013, Khabibulin signed a one-year, $2 million contract to return to the Chicago Blackhawks.
Career statistics
Regular season
Beginning in the 2005-06 NHL season, regular season games could no longer end in a tie.
Playoffs
International statistics
References
Other websites
American Hockey League players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Edmonton Oilers players
Living people
Phoenix Coyotes players
Springfield Falcons players
Stanley Cup champions
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Winnipeg Jets (1979-96) players
1973 births
International Hockey League (1945-2001) players
Russian ice hockey goaltenders
Giuseppe Baresi

Giuseppe Baresi (born 7 February, 1958) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1977-78||rowspan="15"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="15"|Serie A||28||0
|-
|1978-79||29||3
|-
|1979-80||30||1
|-
|1980-81||26||0
|-
|1981-82||28||1
|-
|1982-83||27||0
|-
|1983-84||29||0
|-
|1984-85||30||1
|-
|1985-86||29||1
|-
|1986-87||29||1
|-
|1987-88||29||1
|-
|1988-89||32||0
|-
|1989-90||17||1
|-
|1990-91||23||0
|-
|1991-92||6||0
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="2"|Modena||rowspan="2"|Serie B||37||0
|-
|1993-94||36||0
465||10
465||10
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1979||1||0
|-
|1980||5||0
|-
|1981||3||0
|-
|1982||0||0
|-
|1983||0||0
|-
|1984||0||0
|-
|1985||4||0
|-
|1986||5||0
|-
!Total||18||0
|}
References
1958 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Pierre Claude Nolin

Pierre Claude Nolin (October 30, 1950 - April 23, 2015) was a Canadian politician. He was the Speaker of the Senate from November 27, 2014 until his death. He was also Senator for De Salaberry, Quebec from June 18, 1993. He was a member of Conservative Party of Canada.
Nolin was born in Montreal, Quebec. He studied at the University of Ottawa. He married Camille Desjardins in 1976. They had three children.
Nolin died from cancer on April 23, 2015 in Ottawa, Ontario. He was 64.
References
1950 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Politicians from Montreal
Guy de Maupassant

Guy de Maupassant (5 August 1850 - 6 July 1893) was a popular 19th century French writer. He is considered one of the fathers of the modern short story.
He was an apprentice of Flaubert. Maupassant's stories have a common economy of style and their efficient, effortless denouement (ending). Many of the stories are set during the Franco-Prussian War. Many more describe the war. He also wrote six short novels.
1850 births
1893 deaths
French writers