pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Philip V of Spain

Philip V of Spain (19 December 1683 - 9 July 1746) was the second son of Louis, Grand Dauphin and Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria. He was a grandson of Louis XIV and Marie Therese of Austria and was King of Spain from 1700 - 1724 and again from 1724 - 1746. He succeeded Charles II of Spain who was childless and mad.
He was born at the Palace of Versailles, France. He lost the Kingdom of Naples to Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor and the Kingdom of Sicily to Victor Amadeus II. He died at his the Royal Palace of Madrid.
Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain. He died in Madrid, Spain. His reign of 45 years and 21 days is the longest in modern Spanish history. He was also the father of three Kings of Spain.
First marriage
He married Maria Luisa of Savoy in 1701 and had four children:
Issue
Louis I of Spain (25 August 1707 - 31 August 1724) married Louise Elisabeth d'Orleans, no children.
Felipe of Spain (2 July 1709 - 18 July 1709)
Felipe Pedro Gabriel of Spain (7 June 1712 - 29 December 1719) died in childhood.
Ferdinand VI of Spain (23 September 1713 - 10 August 1759) married Infanta Maria Barbara of Portugal, no children.
Second marriage
He remarried in 1714 to Elisabeth Farnese and had seven children:
Issue
Charles III of Spain (20 January 1716 - 14 December 1788) Duke of Parma, King of Naples and Sicily and later King of Spain. Married Maria Amalia of Saxony and had children.
Infante Francisco (21 March 1717 - 21 April 1717) died in infancy.
Mariana Victoria of Spain (31 March 1718 - 15 January 1781) married the future Joseph I of Portugal and had children.
Infante Felipe (20 March 1720 - 18 July 1765) Duke of Parma. Married Louise Elisabeth of France and had children.
Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain (11 June 1726 - 22 July 1746) married Louis Ferdinand, Dauphin of France and had children.
Infante Luis (25 July 1727 - 7 August 1785) Archbishop of Toledo, Primate of Spain. Married morganatically to Maria Teresa de Vallabriga y Rozas and had issue.
Maria Antonia of Spain (17 November 1729 - 19 September 1785) married the future Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and had children.
1683 births
1746 deaths
House of Bourbon
Kings and Queens of Spain
People from Versailles
Spanish House of Bourbon
Kings and Queens of Sardinia
Bob Carlisle

Bob Carlisle is an American singer and songwriter. In 1993, he had a number one song on Billboard's Christian CHR National Airplay music chart.
He (and another) wrote a number one song on Billboards Country Airplay music chart (1998).
Early life
He was born on September 29, 1956. He comes from Santa Ana, California.
Career
He played in bands - Allies and Billy Thermal.
In 1997 he had a number one album on Billboards Top Christian Albums music chart.
He won a Grammy, together with Randy Thomas - Grammy Award for Best Country Song.
As a songwriter he has written "Why'd You Come in Here Lookin' Like That". Dolly Parton took the song to number one on Billboards Country Airplay music chart; The song's other songwriter is Randy Thomas.
References
People from California
American singer-songwriters
Living people
Warth-Weiningen

Warth-Weiningen is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Thurgau
Emilie Pine

Emilie Pine (born 1977 ) is an Irish writer and academic. She teaches modern drama at University College Dublin (UCD). Her book, Notes to self, is six essays about events in her private life.
Biography
Pine was born in 1977. She lived in Dublin before she moved with her family to London.
She returned Ireland to finish her education at Trinity College. While teaching at UCD, she has written books about difficulties in Ireland and how people remember those events.
Up to 2019, Pine had been writing books on true educational stories. She wrote the book, Notes to self, about her private stories. The book is a collection of essays about her own life. The subjects include infertility and miscarriages, eating problems, alcoholism, divorce, forced sex, being poor and body hair. Josefin Holmstrom said in Svenska Dagbladet that Pine's book showed a new way of talking about private female things. The book won the 2018 Irish Book of the Year prize from An Post .
Before 2022, Pine stopped teaching for a year to write her book Ruth & Pen. It is a fictional story about two women over one day. The story is written in the same way Joyce 's Ulysses book was written about events that happened in one day.
Works
Emilie Pine (2005). "Maculate conceptions : Irish film and drama of the 1930s" (en-IE).
References
Other websites
University College Dublin official website
1977 births
Living people
Irish novelists
People from County Dublin
Irish academics
Estes Kefauver

Carey Estes Kefauver (July 26, 1903 - August 10, 1963) was an American politician from Tennessee. He was the Vice Presidential running mate in the 1956 election. He ran for President of the United States in the 1952.
Early life
Kefauver was born in Madisonville, Tennessee, to Robert Cooke Kefauver and Phredonia Bradford (nee Estes). Robert Kefauver was a hardware manager. Estes attended the University of Tennessee from 1922 to 1924, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree and being initiated into the Kappa Sigma Fraternity. After a year of teaching mathematics and coaching football at a Hot Springs, Arkansas, high school, he attended Yale Law School, where he received a LL.B. cum laude in 1927. The next twelve years Kefauver practiced law in Chattanooga, first with the firm of Cooke, Swaney & Cooke, as a partner in Sizer, Chambliss & Kefauver, and later in the firm of Duggan, McDonald, & Kefauver. In 1935 he married Nancy Pigott, who is from Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, whom he had met during her visit to relatives in Chattanooga, Tennessee. They had four children, one of them was adopted. Mrs. Kefauver died in 1967.
He was aroused by his role as attorney for the Chattanooga News, Kefauver became interested in local politics and sought election to the Tennessee Senate in 1938. He lost but in 1939 spent two months as Finance and Taxation Commissioner under the newly-elected governor Prentice Cooper. When Congressman Sam D. McReynolds of Tennessee's 3rd district, which included Chattanooga, died in 1939, Kefauver was elected to succeed him in the House.
References
1903 births
1963 deaths
United States senators from Tennessee
United States representatives from Tennessee
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Filiz Taçbaş

Filiz Tacbas, (born 1964, Istanbul), Turkish cinema and drama player, former national tennis player.
When she was 10 years old, she went to the camera with Bilge Olgac. After a long break, he continued to work on movies and series. The recognition of large audiences was made in 1992 by the headmen of the neighborhood. Tacbas is a professional tennis player, a part of art life.
He got high points in 2007, entered the mill team, dressed in the form of a mill and writes articles about tennis in newspapers at the same time.
Filmography
Eve Donus - 2015
Ah Neriman - 2014
Kirisik - 2013
Isler Gucler - 2012
Anadolu Kartallari - 2011
Farkli Desenler - 2010
IV. Osman-2009
Arka Sokaklar - 2006-2012
Butun Cocuklarim - 2004
Kocum Benim - 2002
Super Samata - 2000
Yasama Hakki - 1998
Gonul Bahcelerinde - 1994
Gecmisin Izleri - 1994
Sicak Takip - 1993
Firtina Kusu - 1992
Mahallenin Muhtarlari - 1992
Olur Ayak - 1991
Eskici Ve Ogullari - 1990
Sabah Olmasin - 1990
Afacan Ates Parcasi - 1990
Once Insan - 1989
Bu Sehrin Geceleri - 1989
Bacim - 1988
Ferman - 1988
Elveda Mutluluklar - 1988
Aile Pansiyonu - 1987
Asi Kabadayi - 1986
Korkusuz - 1986
Intikamci - 1986
Bu Muhtar Baska Muhtar - 1986
Bacim - 1974
References
Other websites
1964 births
Turkish actors
Veronica

Veronica is a Latin name for females.
Literature
Veronica, a 2005 book by Mary Gaitskill
Music
Veronica, an American dance singer
"Veronica", a song by Elvis Costello
Veronica Mehta, a British Asian singer
The Veronicas, the twin sister pop rock group from Australia
People
Veronica De La Cruz, a CNN News anchor
Veronica Finn, a former pop singer
Veronica Franco, a poet and courtesan in sixteenth-century Venice
Veronica Giuliani, an Italian mystic
Veronica Lodge, a rich teenage girl in the Archie Comics universe
Veronica Paez, an Argentine marathon runner
Veronica Ruiz de Velasco, a neo-figurative Mexican artist
Saint Veronica, with her famous veil (Veil of Veronica), is part of Christianity's many legends
Veronica Lake, an American film actress
Places
Veronica, a city of Argentina
Plants
Veronica, the Speedwells, a genus of plants
Science and technology
V.E.R.O.N.I.C.A. (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-Wide Index to Computer Archives), a computer search engine for Gopher
Television
Veronica, a television channel in The Netherlands
Veronica Mars, a television series starring Kristen Bell
Other
Veronica (bullfighting), a technique in bullfighting
Salvatore Bellomo

Salvatore Bellomo (June 18, 1951 - February 9, 2019) was a Belgian professional wrestler. His career spanned more than thirty years. He was born in Hornu, Belgium, but raised in Racalmuto, Sicily, Italy. He performed with WWF and Extreme Championship Wrestling.
Bellomo died from stomach cancer on February 9, 2019 at the age of 67.
References
1951 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Belgian sportspeople
Wrestlers
Pianosa

Pianosa is a small (about 10 km2) island in Italy's Tuscan Archipelago. The name is derived from the latin word "planasia" (plain) because its highest point is some 22 meters over sea level. Pianosa has no permanent residents. It is known in Italy for a maximum-security prison, where especially dangerous Mafia criminals are held. For administration, Pianosa is part of the Elba island municipality. On clear days, it can be seen from that island as a dark blue line over the lighter blue sea.
In the novel Catch-22, a U.S. Army Air Corps bomber squadron is based on the island during World War II,
There is another, even smaller island called Pianosa off the Adriatic coast of Italy.
Other websites
Tourist information
Islands of Italy
Máximo Cajal López

Maximo Cajal Lopez (27 February 1935 - 3 April 2014) was a Spanish diplomat and ambassador. He was the Spanish ambassador to Guatemala in 1980 and was one of the two survivors of the burning of the Spanish Embassy. He was also ambassador to Sweden and France as well as Permanent Representative of Spain to NATO.
Cajal Lopez died on 3 April 2014 in his hometown of Madrid. He was 79 years old.
References
Other websites
Maximo Cajal Lopez at the FRIDE website
1935 births
2014 deaths
Ambassadors to France
NATO
People from Madrid
Spanish politicians
Nakhon Ratchasima shootings

On 8 and 9 February 2020, a mass shooting happened in Nakhon Ratchasima Province (also known as Korat) in Thailand. A soldier killed 29 people at four locations. He started the attack on 8 February at a house, where he killed two people. He then went to a military camp, where he killed a soldier. Later on 8 February, he went to the city of Nakhon Ratchasima, where he killed 9 people at a Buddhist temple. Over a period of hours, he killed 17 people in a shopping mall. The solider was shot and killed by the police at the mall on 9 February.
References
2020 in Thailand
Attacks on buildings and structures in Asia
February 2020 events
Mass murder in Asia
2020 mass shootings in Asia
Angel Road railway station

Angel Road railway station was a station in the London Borough of Enfield at Edmonton in north east London. It was in Travelcard Zone 4, on the Tottenham Hale branch of the Lea Valley Lines. The station and all trains serving it were operated by Abellio Greater Anglia. It was partially located beneath the A406 road (which is named Angel Road at that point). Due to reconstruction of the A406 in the mid-1990s (involving grade-separation), the only access to the station was via a footpath running south from Conduit Lane to the north, instead of on Angel Road. The station was unstaffed.
Angel Road closed on 31 May 2019. It was replaced by Meridian Water station, 580m south of Angel Road. It opened on 3 June 2019.
References
Other websites
Timetables from 'one'
Gallery
Railway stations opened in 1840
Railway stations in the London Borough of Enfield
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
1840 establishments in England
Lalon Shah Bridge

Lalon Shah Bridge is the second longest bridge in Bangladesh. Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia inaugurated the bridge at a ceremony held at Paksey. The bridge directly connects the north-western and south-western regions of the country by road. The river Padma had separated the two regions.
The 1.8 K.M long bridge has been constructed parallel to historic Hardinge Railway Bridge over the river Padma with the financial assistance from Japan. To construct the bridge, the Government of Japan through JBIC extended soft ODA Yen loan to Bangladesh in two phases. The first phase loan agreement was signed between Bangladesh and Japan on July 01, 1997 while the second phase loan agreement on March 31, 2001. The total cost of the bridge is US $ 184 million of which JBIC contributed US $ 141 million, which is about 80% of the total cost.
An inauguration ceremony was held at the bridge site at Paksey on May 18, 2004. Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia was the Chief Guest while Ambassador of Japan to Bangladesh H.E. Mr. Matsushiro Horiguchi spoke as the special guest. Mr. Ryutaro Koga, Deputy Director General of JBIC Tokyo read out the message from JBIC Governor Mr. Kyosuke Shinozawa in the ceremony. Mr. Tsutomu Uchida, Chief Representative of JBIC Dhaka was present, among others, in the function.
The Lalon Shah Bridge has some of the deepest concrete piles in the world and the longest continuous segmental deck in the world, erected by using the balanced cantilever technique.
Buildings and structures in Bangladesh
Bridges in Asia
Honda Ridgeline

The Honda Ridgeline is a mid sized pickup truck produced by Honda. The first model year for this truck was 2006; it has undergone several changes in design since being introduced. Unlike a traditional body-on-frame truck, the Ridgeline uses a closed box unibody frame similar to the one used on the Accord, Pilot and Odyssey. Despite good sales Honda pulled the truck in 2015. A second generation model was introduced in 2017. It shares much of its platform with the Honda Pilot three-row SUV, suitably beefed up for work and play.
For the 2020 model year, a nine-speed transmission replaced the outgoing six-speed. Also, thanks to independent rear suspension, it provides superior ride quality and handling. The spacious crew cab is comfortable and handsomely finished. Besides, it has a unique two-way tailgate and a large lockable in-bed trunk. For now, Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, and Honda Sensing safety features are packed as standard. The manufacturer suggested price for the new 2020 Honda Ridgeline varies from $33,900 to $43,520 depending on the trim.
Sources
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Honda automobiles
Prolog

Prolog is a programming language that uses first order logic. It is the most used logic programming language. It is a declarative programming language. Alain Cormerauer, a French computer scientist created Prolog in the early 1970s.
Prolog is rather different from other programming languages. It uses facts and rules. Given the facts, the rules can be used to figure out new facts.
Prolog uses a paradigm called negation as failure, which means that is assumed if cannot be derived. This is different from true logical negation. While negation is failure has its benefits, it often confuses people starting to learn Prolog, as they expect true logical negation.
Prolog also uses Horn clauses. It is a turing-complete programming language.
Programming languages
The Outlaw and His Wife

The Outlaw and His Wife () is a 1918 Swedish Icelandic drama movie directed by Victor Sjostrom (who also stars) and based on the 1911 play by Johann Sigurjonsson. It stars John Ekman, Edith Erastoff, Jenny Tschernichin-Larsson.
Other websites
1918 drama movies
1910s historical movies
Swedish drama movies
Swedish silent movies
Icelandic movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Victor Sjostrom
Movies set in Iceland
Movies set in the 18th century
Arlene Martel

Arlene Martel (April 14, 1936 - August 12, 2014) was an American actress and acting coach. She played Fiona on Perry Mason She played Tiger in the show Hogan's Heroes. She was in the award-winning The Outer Limits episode "Demon With a Glass Hand" with Robert Culp. She played the Vulcan T'Pring in the Star Trek episode "Amok Time".
Martel was born in The Bronx, New York. She died from a heart attack at age 78 in Los Angeles, California.
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
1936 births
2014 deaths
1571

1571 was a common year.
Events
January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion.
October 7 Spanish, Venetian, and Papal naval forces under Don John of Austria defeat the Turkish fleet of Ali Monizindade Pasha.
The Ottoman Empire captured the city of Nicosia on the island of Cyprus.
Births
February 15 - Michael Praetorius, German composer (d. 1621)
October - Tirso de Molina, Spainish dramatist and poet (d. 1648)
December 27 - Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (d. 1630)
Takeshi Kitano

Takeshi Kitano (Bei Ye Wu Kitano Takeshi; born 18 January 1947), also known as Beat Takeshi, is a Japanese comedian, television personality, director, actor, author, and screenwriter. He was born in Tokyo, Japan.
Kitano is known for his roles as Outrage (2010) as Otomo and as Chief Daisuke Aramaki Ghost in the Shell (2017). He directed Violent Cop (1989) and Sonatine (1993). He won a Golden Lion in 1998.
References
Other websites
Office Kitano - Kitano's Production Company
1947 births
Living people
Japanese movie directors
Japanese movie actors
Japanese comedians
Japanese television personalities
Japanese novelists
Japanese designers
Japanese screenwriters
Japanese television actors
Japanese voice actors
Actors from Tokyo
Writers from Tokyo
Nina Lagergren

Nina Viveka Maria Lagergren (nee von Dardel; 3 March 1921 - 5 April 2019) was a Swedish businesswoman. She was the half-sister of Raoul Wallenberg. She was known for her trying to find out what happened to him after his disappearance. She was the founder of the Raoul Wallenberg Academy. She also presented the radio program Sommar i P1 in 2014.
Lagergren was born in Stockholm. She was married to Gunnar Lagergren from 1943 until his death in 2008. The couple had four children. Their oldest daughter, Nane, was the married to Kofi Annan, the 7th Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Lagergren died on 5 April 2019 in Djursholm, Danderyd Municipality. She was 98.
References
1921 births
2019 deaths
Swedish businesspeople
People from Stockholm
Swedish radio personalities
Su Beng

Su Beng (9 November 1918 - 20 September 2019) (), whose given name was Shih Chao-hui (), was a Taiwanese dissident and political activist. He was born in Shirin Town, Taihoku Cho, Japanese Taiwan (modern-day Shilin District of Taipei, Taiwan).
He was known as the "Che Guevara of Taiwan". In April 1994, he began the Taiwan Independence Action motorcade, which he conceived as a way to raise the Taiwanese people's political awareness. He fought for Taiwanese independence.
Su died in Taipei on 20 September 2019 of pneumonia at the age of 100.
References
Other websites
Taiwan in Time: Revolutionary in exile
Website About Su Beng maintained and written by his English Biographer Felicia Lin
Su Beng's personal (Chinese language) website
Taipei Times FEATURE: Su Beng: Staying true to the fight for independence
1918 births
2019 deaths
Centenarians
Spies
Historians
Taiwanese activists
Cynric of Wessex

Cynric (+ 560) was the King of the Gewisse, also called the King of Wessex. He reigned from about 534 to 560.
War leader and king
Cynric, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, was the son of Cerdic. Most of what is known about Cynric and his father Cerdic comes from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. According to the chronicle, Cerdic and Cynric, both chiefs, arrived in 495. Cerdices ora is the name of the place they landed and fought the Britons there on the same day. In 519 they defeated Britons at Cerdices ford and took Wessex. In 527 at a place called Cerdices leaga they battled with the Britons again. In 530 they conquered the Isle of Wight. The record for 534 states that Cerdic died this year, his son Cynric became king and ruled for 26 years. As king, Cynric was involved in two more major battles in and around Wiltshire. The first in 552 was at Searoburh. The second battle was at Beranburh (Barbury Castle) in 556. In this last battle Cynric's son Ceawlin was fighting alongside him. In 560 Cynric was succeeded by his son Ceawlin. His name also appeared in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle along with other Anglo-Saxon kings.
Family
Cynric had:
Ceawlin (+ 593).
Ceolwulf, who did not reign.
Notes
References
Other websites
Britannia: Kings of Wessex
Year of birth unknown
560s deaths
Kings of Wessex
Groffliers

Groffliers is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
North American Aerospace Defense Command

North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) is a joint organization of Canada and the United States that provides aerospace warning and defense for North America. It was founded on May 12, 1958, as the North American Air Defense Command. Its main technical facility has been the Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center in Colorado, and for this reason NORAD is sometimes unofficially referred to as Cheyenne Mountain.
References
Military organizations
Marcus Allbäck

Marcus Allback (born 5 July 1973) is a Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992||rowspan="6"|Orgryte||Division 2||24||10
|-
|1993||Allsvenskan||20||4
|-
|1994||Division 1||25||19
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||22||4
|-
|1996||24||8
|-
|1997||22||9
|-
|1997/98||Lyngby||Superliga||4||1
|-
|1997/98||Bari||Serie A||16||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="3"|Orgryte||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||12||3
|-
|1999||26||15
|-
|2000||26||16
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Heerenveen||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||16||10
|-
|2001/02||32||15
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Aston Villa||rowspan="2"|Premier League||20||5
|-
|2003/04||14||1
|-
|2004/05||Hansa Rostock||Bundesliga||23||4
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Old School||rowspan="3"|Tabard Gardens||30||15
|-
|2006/07||26||11
|-
|2007/08||29||8
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|IFK Gothenburg||Superettan||12||6
|-
|2009||Allsvenskan||18||3
|-
|2010||Superettan||||
241||97
89||35
16||0
48||25
34||6
23||4
441||1674
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||4||1
|-
|2001||9||6
|-
|2002||13||4
|-
|2003||9||5
|-
|2004||11||7
|-
|2005||7||0
|-
|2006||9||4
|-
|2007||7||3
|-
|2008||4||0
|-
!Total||74||30
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Sportspeople from Gothenburg
Bosnian language

Bosnian is a Slavic language and the language of Bosniaks, spoken mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in the surrounding countries of Europe.
References
Slavic languages
Bosnia and Herzegovina culture
Languages of Europe
Indelibly Stamped

Indelibly Stamped is the second studio album of Supertramp. A&M Records released it in June 1971. Indelibly Stamped was Supertramp's first album that was released in the United States. Supertramp recorded this album in April and May 1971 in London.
Track listing
All songs written by Rick Davies and Roger Hodgson, except where noted.
All lead vocals by Rick Davies, except where noted.
"Rosie Had Everything Planned" is the only original song in the entire Supertramp catalog for which Rick Davies receives no writing or co-writing credit.
Personnel
Rick Davies - acoustic and Wurlitzer pianos, organ, lead vocals, harmonica
Roger Hodgson - acoustic and electric guitars, bass guitar (Track 3), lead (Tracks 2, 3, 10) and backing vocals
Dave Winthrop - flute, saxophone, lead vocals (Track 6)
Frank Farrell - bass guitar, piano and accordion (Track 3)
Kevin Currie - percussion, drums
Production
Producer: Supertramp
Engineer: Bob Hall
1971 albums
Supertramp albums
Filibacter limicola

Filibacter limicola is a bacterium. Filibacter limicola is the only species of the genus Filibacter. It is gram-positive. The species is aerob: It needs oxygen. It is filamentous and composed of more than one cells. The cells are curved or straight. It is a gliding bacterium.
References
Other websites
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)
Gram-positive bacteria
Carmine Benincasa

Carmine Benincasa (17 December 1947 - 3 August 2020) was an Italian art critic, philosopher and editor. He was an art historian professor. Benincasa was born in Eboli, Italy.
He was a professor of art history at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Macerata, the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence and Professor of History of Art at the Faculty of Architecture of the University La Sapienza in Rome.
From 1978 to 1982 he was a member of the Venice Biennale Visual Arts Committee.
Benincasa died on 3 August 2020 at the age of 72.
References
1947 births
2020 deaths
Italian historians
Italian philosophers
Italian journalists
Italian art critics
Editors
Italian educators
Aesthetics

Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy. It is the study of art and beauty. Together with ethics, it is part of axiology which is the philosophy of what people like. Aesthetic philosophers ask what people like to see, hear, feel, smell or taste, and why they like these things. Aesthetic philosophers also ask if art has any value. For example, they may ask if some art that nobody likes and that nobody wants is art at all or if it is something else. Plato, Aristotle, and Immanuel Kant are some important philosophers of aesthetics.
Subjectivism
One theory in aesthetics is called subjectivism. Subjectivism says that each person has a sense of beauty. So, the only way of judging something's beauty is if people say it is beautiful. A common way of describing this is "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder". Subjectivism also says, for the same reason, that something is art simply because someone says it is art. This is backed up by the experience. Even though people feel that something is beautiful, they may not be able to explain why.
Objectivism
Many objectivist theories of beauty have been offered, going from the ancient ideas of Plato and Aristotle (e.g., the golden mean,) which still have great appeal in their way to neuroscience research into the brain's response to images and other sensitive information. At the moment, even though we do not know what people are thinking, brain-scan technology can identify when people are responding pleasurably to images, providing some clue as to how certain images affect some people.
Some questions
What is beauty? What if one person thinks a painting is beautiful, but another person thinks the painting is ugly? Can the painting be beautiful and ugly at the same time?
Are true things beautiful?
Are good things beautiful?
What is art? We commonly think that a sculpture in a museum is art. If a sculptor sculpts a sculpture of a rock from clay, and puts it in a museum, many would call it art. But what if a person picks up a rock from the ground - is the rock a piece of art?
What has value?
Does love, beauty, or justice hold any value?
Other websites
Aesthetics -Citizendium
Philosophy
Sarinda

The sarinda is an Indian folk musical instrument. It is like lutes and fiddles. It is played with a bow. It has between ten and thirty strings. The bottom part of the front of its hollow wooden soundbox is covered with animal skin. It is played while sitting on the ground. The musician holds the sarinda straight up.
Origin
The tribal fiddle instruments "Dhodro Banam" is the origin of the stringed instruments "Sarinda". Dhodro Banam was found throughout in central, north-western and eastern India. It is an important instrument in the culture and religion of the tribal Santhals of West Bengal, Bihar and Odisha.
The Sarangi and Nepali sarangi are similar to the Sarinda. The Sarinda was introduced to and popularized in Sikh devotional music by Sikh Guru Arjan Dev.
In popular culture
Many ethnic communities in South Asia use the sarinda in their traditional music and dance. For example, the Bauls of Bengal, Punjabi people, the folk artists of Rajasthan, Assam and Tripura. It is the sole accompaniment for a soloist or group folk singers.
In literature
John Baily: Music of Afghanistan: Professional Musicians in the City of Herat. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1988, S. 19, 34, 82f, 166
Joep Bor: The Voice of the Sarangi. An illustrated history of bowing in India. National Centre for the Performing Arts, Quarterly Journal, Bd. 15 & 16, Nr. 3, 4 & 1, September-Dezember 1986, Marz 1987, S. 13-17
Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Sachband 8, 1998, Sp. 1003f
Bengt Fosshag: Die Sarinda und ihre Verwandten. Formen und Verbreitung einer Familie von Streichinstrumenten in den Landern des Islam und benachbarten Regionen. (PDF; 5,9 MB) Institut fur Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften, Frankfurt/Main 1997, S. 281-306
Stanley Sadie (Hrsg.): The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Macmillan Press, London 1984, Bd. 3, S. 297f
References
Other websites
Website of Delhi based Tripuris
Article about dhodro banam a relative of the sarinda
Sarinda entry in an instrument encyclopedia
Brief description of the sarinda
Article on Sikhnet
String instruments
Frascati

Frascati is an Italian city in Lazio, on the Alban Hills. It is southeast of Rome. About 22,500 people live there. Frascati is known for the white wine with the same name.
References
Cities in Lazio
Kazakhstan national football team

Kazakhstan national football team is the national football team of Kazakhstan.
References
Asian national football teams
National sports teams of Kazakhstan
Atheris

Atheris is a genus of venomous vipers found only in rain forest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. There are currently eight species found. Atheris are commonly known as "Bush Vipers". They are all arboreal (meaning they live in trees), but they can sometimes be seen on the ground.
Description
Bush Vipers are small snakes, with adults growing to the size of around 40 to 78 cm. They all have broad, triangular heads with large eyes and a slender body.
Where they live
The Bush Viper lives in rain forest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, far from humans, but some Bush Vipers are threatened because of habitat loss.
thumb | right | 250px | The head of a Variable Bush Viper
Feeding
Bush Vipers eat small amphibians like frogs, and toads, reptiles like lizards and other snakes, rodents and birds. They ambush their prey by hanging on to a branch of a tree, waiting for a prey to come close, then jump on the prey and inject venom, and then swallow it. Some Bush Vipers in zoos only eat mice and small birds, but there have been reports on some eating each other.
Reproduction
All Bush Vipers are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They mate between September and November, and females give to their young in March or April.
Venom
The venom of Bush Vipers is hemotoxic, it causes pain, swelling, and stop blood clotting. There is no antivenom, but there has been reports on Echis antivenom working on some Bush Viper's bites.
Species
Atheris anisolepis
Horned Bush Viper, A. ceratophora
Western Bush Viper, A. chlorechis
Mount Kenya Bush Viper, A. desaixi
Spiny Bush Viper, A. hispida
Upemba Bush Viper, A. katangensis
Mount Mabu Bush Viper, A. mabuensis
Matilda's Bush Viper, A. matildae
Great Lakes Bush Viper, A. nitschei
Variable Bush Viper, A. squamigera
Vipers
Reptiles of Africa
2022 Hunga Tonga eruption and tsunami

A very large eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha`apai, a volcanic island of Tonga in the Pacific Ocean. It began on 14 January 2022. Hunga Tonga is north of Tongatapu, the country's main island.
The eruption caused tsunamis in Tonga, Fiji, American Samoa and parts of the Pacific Ocean. Warnings were issued in Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Russia, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Ecuador.
Damaging tsunami waves were reported in New Zealand, the United States, Chile and Peru. It is the largest volcanic eruption of the 21st century and the largest since the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo.
References
2022 disasters in Oceania
January 2022 events
21st-century tsunamis
Tonga
Javiera Muñoz

Javiera Margarita Odija Ubal Munoz (28 May 1977 - 18 January 2018) was a Swedish singer. She was of Chilean-Spanish descent. She participated in Melodifestivalen twice, in 2000 with Varje timma, var minut, and in 2002 with No hay nada mas. She was born in Motala, Sweden.
In 2003, she received a musical grant for promoting Latino Music in Sweden.
Munoz died on 18 January 2018 in Gothenburg, Sweden at the age of 40.
References
1977 births
2018 deaths
Swedish pop singers
Latin singers
Marcelo Lipatín

Marcelo Lipatin (born 28 January 1977) is an Uruguayan football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998||Montevideo Wanderers||Primera Division||9||4
|-
|1999||Defensor Sporting||Primera Division||26||5
|-
|2000||Coritiba||Serie A||15||7
|-
|2000/01||PAS Giannina||Alpha Ethniki||7||1
|-
|2001||Yokohama F. Marinos||J. League 1||1||0
|-
|2001||Defensor Sporting||Primera Division||5||1
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|America||rowspan="2"|Primera Division||14||5
|-
|2002/03||31||15
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Bari||rowspan="2"|Serie B||32||2
|-
|2004/05||10||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Gremio||Serie B||0||0
|-
|2006||Serie A||0||0
|-
|2006/07||Maritimo||Portuguese Liga||26||7
|-
|2007/08||Nacional||Portuguese Liga||26||6
|-
|2008/09||Trofense||Portuguese Liga||||
40||10
15||7
6||1
1||0
45||20
42||2
52||13
201||53
|}
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Montevideo
Alice and Bob

Alice and Bob are placeholder names which are commonly used to talk about problems. It is used in cryptography, game theory and physics. Instead of "A sends B a message" people say "Alice sends Bob a message". Ron Rivest seems to have used these names first, in publications about the RSA algorithm. This was 1977 and 1978.
Other names
The most used names are Alice and Bob. Eve, Mallory, and Trent are used often too, and they have pretty well-defined uses.
Cryptography
Game theory
Physics
Names
List of Premier League hat-tricks

More than 200 players have scored three or more goals (a hat-trick) in a single match in the Premier League.
The first player to score a hat-trick in the Premier League was Eric Cantona, who scored three times for the team Leeds United. Twenty-one players have scored more than three goals in a single match. Only five players (Andy Cole, Alan Shearer, Jermain Defoe, Dimitar Berbatov, and Sergio Aguero) have scored five goals in a single match. The person to score the most hat-tricks is Sergio Aguero with 12 hat-tricks (all for Manchester City). Sadio Mane made the fastest Premier League hat-trick, scoring three times in 2 minutes 56 seconds for the team Southampton against Aston Villa. Only six hat-tricks have been made in under 10 minutes. Those six were made by Sadio Mane, Robbie Fowler, Jermain Defoe, Gabriel Agbonlahor, Ian Wright, and Andy Carroll. Ole Gunnar Solskjaer scored four goals in twelve minutes for the team Manchester United against Nottingham Forest. He was considered "the fastest scorer of a four-goal haul on record in England".
Only six players - Les Ferdinand, Ian Wright, Didier Drogba, Wayne Rooney, Harry Kane (twice), and Erling Haaland - have scored hat-tricks in two league games in a row. Thierry Henry scored hat-tricks in two appearances in a row (which were a month apart, since he did not play for a month).
35 different players have scored a "perfect" hat-trick in the Premier League, and two players did this more than once: Robbie Fowler has done three (all for Liverpool) and Yakubu has done two (one for Blackburn Rovers and one for Everton). Erling Haaland of Manchester City joined this select group in only his fifth Premier League match on August 31, 2022. It was also his second consecutive hat trick. A perfect hat-trick is scoring a goal with the right-foot, left-foot, and head.
The sometimes says that a player has not scored a hat-trick after the game already ended. For example, a goal that was thought to be a player's third goal was an own goal.
Hat-tricks
Multiple hat-tricks
The table lists the number of hat-tricks scored by players who have scored two or more hat-tricks.
Players in bold still play in the Premier League.
Hat-tricks by country
The table lists the number of hat-tricks scored by players from a country.
References
Other websites
Hat-tricks
Jhalokati District

Jhalokati or Jhalokathi () is a district in South-western Bangladesh. It is a part of the Barisal Division.
Subdivisions
The district is administratively subdivided into 4 upazilas, these are:
Jhalokati Sadar Upazila
Kathalia Upazila
Nalchity Upazila
Rajapur Upazila
References
Districts of Bangladesh
Saint-Raphaël, Var

Saint-Raphael is a commune of 35,633 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Communes in Var
Balleroy-sur-Drôme

Balleroy-sur-Drome is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Balleroy and Vaubadon.
References
2016 establishments in France
Communes in Calvados
Myco-heterotrophy

Myco-heterotrophy is a relationship between certain plants and fungi. The plant gets all or part of its food from parasitism on fungi, not from photosynthesis.
In the past, non-photosynthetic plants were thought to get food by breaking down organic matter like fungi do. Such plants were therefore called "saprophytes". That was wrong. It is now known that no plant is physiologically capable of direct breakdown of organic matter.
To get food, non-photosynthetic plants engage in parasitism, by myco-heterotrophy or direct parasitism of other plants.
The interface between the plant and fungal partners in this association is between the roots of the plant and the mycelium of the fungus. Myco-heterotrophy therefore closely resembles mycorrhiza, and is thought to have evolved from mycorrhiza.
References
Parasitic plants
Fungi
Ecology
Plant physiology
Dodoma

Dodoma City is the capital city of Tanzania. It is the third biggest city in the country. The city is also the capital of the Dodoma region. The city has a population of 410,956 people. The name Dodoma means "It has sunk".
History
During German colonial rule in East Africa, the town of Dodoma was founded at the same time as the creation of the Tanzanian central railway. The British took over the city after World War I. Dodoma became an administrative center for the region until the independence of Tanzania in 1964. In 1973, plans were made to move the capital from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma. Tanzania's National Assembly moved there the next year. Many government offices are still in Dar es Salaam.
Other websites
Dodoma Region
Cities in Tanzania
National capitals in Africa
Meitei temples

"Meitei temples" or "Manipuri temples" (, ) are the structures built to house deities within sanctuaries in Sanamahism, the ancient Meitei religion. They are designed to bring humans and gods together, using symbolism to express the ideas and beliefs of Sanamahism.
Remarkable Examples
Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple
The "Temple of Hiyangthang Lairembi" is an old temple, dedicated to Goddess Hiyangthang Lairembi, who is a form of Irai Leima, the water goddess in Meitei mythology and religion. In Medieval Manipur, during the reign of Emperor Garib Niwaj Pamheiba, the temple structure was re-modified from its former architecture. Besides, it was also re-affiliated with Hinduism, other than its own Sanamahism (Meitei religion), by the installation of idol of Hindu goddess Durga, besides that of Irai Leima.
Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang
Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang, the ancient temple dedicated to Pakhangba, in the heart of Kangla, the old metropolis of Ancient Manipur, is a masterpiece of Meitei architecture.
However, due to damages in its structure, the building was rebuilt with a completely different architectural design and was recently consecrated in 2010.
Sanamahi Temple
The "Temple of Sanamahi", better known as "Sanamahi Temple", is one of the most antique temples in Ancient Manipur. It is built with a dedication to Lainingthou Sanamahi. However, its main structures were reconstructed during the reign of Hindu Manipuri King Kulachandra in Medieval Manipur in 1891 AD.
References
Temples
Scent of a Woman

Scent of a Woman is a 1992 American drama movie starring Al Pacino and directed by Martin Brest. It is based on 1969 novel by Giovanni Arpino (The Darkness and the Honey) and is a remake of 1974 Italian movie Profumo di donna.
References
Other websites
1992 drama movies
1990s epic movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Movie remakes
Movies based on books
Movies set in New York City
Universal Pictures movies
Movies about alcoholism
Movies about blind people
Easy Rider

Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie directed by Dennis Hopper, and written by Hopper, Peter Fonda and Terry Southern. It tells the story of two bikers who travel through the American Southwest and South for freedom. The success of the movie helped spark the New Hollywood phase of movie making during the early 1970s. The movie was added to the Library of Congress National Registry in 1998.
The movie was said to be a counterculture movie. Easy Rider explores the societal landscape, issues, and tensions in the United States during the 1960s, such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement, drug use, and communal lifestyle.
Easy Rider is famous for its use of real drugs in its portrayal of marijuana and other substances.
Awards and honors
Hopper received the First Film Award (Prix de la premiere oeuvre) at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival. At the Academy Awards, Nicholson was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The movie was also nominated for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Based on Material Not Previously Published or Produced.
The movie is at number 88 on the American Film Institute's list of 100 Years, 100 Movies.
References
Other websites
1969 drama movies
1960s road movies
American road movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about prostitution
Movies about murder
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies set in Texas
Movies set in New Mexico
Movies set in New Orleans
Movies set in Arizona
Movies set in California
Movies set in Louisiana
American independent movies
1186

Year 1186 (MCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
John the Chanter becomes Bishop of Exeter.
January 27 - Constance of Sicily marries Henry (the future Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor).
The Byzantine Empire recognises the indepence of Bulgaria.
Guy of Lusignan becomes King of Jerusalem.
Births
May 18 -- Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (d. 1218)
Queen Urraca of Portugal spouse of King Afonso II of Portugal (d. 1220)
Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk (d. 1225)
Iziaslav IV Vladimirovich, Grand Prince of Kiev
Ogedei Khan, third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (d. 1241)
Song Ci, Chinese physician and judge (d. 1249)
Deaths
May 29 or June 23 or June 24 -- Robert of Torigni
August 19 -- Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1158)
Baldwin V of Jerusalem (b. 1177)
William of Tyre, Archbishop of Tyre (b. c. 1130)
Minamoto no Yukiie, Japanese warlord
Webb City, Missouri

Webb City is a city in Jasper County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 13,031.
References
Cities in Missouri
Jasper County, Missouri
Ammerthal

Ammerthal is a municipality of the district Amberg-Sulzbach in Bavaria in Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 2,091 people lived there. The mayor is currently Alexandra Sitter.
References
Other websites
Official website
Amberg-Sulzbach
Chittagong Division

Chattogram Division ' (cttttgraam) is one of the six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. It covers the most southern areas of the country and is also the second largest one.
History
Pakistani rule
In 1947 the area was continued as a Division, as one of four divisions of East Bengal. The upland districts of Khagrachhari, Rangamati and Bandarban together comprise an area known as the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Before 1995, the four districts of Sylhet Division were also a part of Chittagong Division.
Overview
Divisions of British India
East Pakistan provincial region
Rose Franco

Rose Franco (born January 22, 1934) is a retired United States Marine Corps Warrant Officer. She was born in Guanica, Puerto Rico. She is the first Hispanic woman to become a chief warrant officer in the U.S. Marine Corps.
In 1965, Franco was named Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy, Paul Nitze by the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson. She was promoted to the rank of Warrant Officer by the recommendation of the Secretary of the Navy.
References
Other websites
Women's Memorial
1934 births
Living people
Puerto Rican military people
Ayrshire, Iowa

Ayrshire is a city in Iowa in the United States.
References
Cities in Iowa
Arne Sorenson

Arne Morris Sorenson (October 13, 1958 - February 15, 2021) was a Japanese-born American hotel executive. He was the President and Chief Executive Officer of Marriott International. He was born in Tokyo. He studied at the University of Minnesota.
Sorenson became the head of the largest publicly traded hotel chain in the world on March 31, 2012. He had been a director for Wal-Mart, and was the Chief Operating Officer for Marriott.
In May 2019, Sorenson was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He died from the disease on February 15, 2021 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland at the age of 62.
References
1958 births
2021 deaths
American LGBT rights activists
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Democrats (United States)
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C.
Businesspeople from Tokyo
Mount Vernon, Illinois

Mount Vernon is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Illinois, United States. The population was 15,277 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Illinois
County seats in Illinois
Mikhail Marynich

Mikhail Marynich (; , 13 January 1940 -- 17 October 2014) was a Belarusian opposition leader. He was from Homiel Voblast. He was a minister of foreign economic affairs and an ambassador of Belarus to Latvia.
Marynich died on 17 October 2014 at the age of 74.
References
1940 births
2014 deaths
Belarusian politicians
Ambassadors
Büetigen

Buetigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Bern
Johor Bahru District

Johor Bahru District is a district in the state of Johor, Malaysia.
Population
From Malaysian census data,
References
Jozef Vengloš

Jozef Venglos (18 February 1936 - 26 January 2021) was a Slovak football player. He played for Slovan Bratislava.
He died on 26 January 2021 in Bratislava, aged 84.
References
1936 births
2021 deaths
Slovak footballers
Slovak football managers
Fenerbahce football managers
Tompall & the Glaser Brothers

Tompall & the Glaser Brothers was an American country music group composed of three brothers: Chuck Glaser (February 27, 1936 - June 10, 2019), Jim (December 16, 1937 - April 6, 2019), and Tompall Glaser (September 3, 1933 - August 13, 2013).
The Glaser Brothers started singing together at country fairs. In 1957 the group got their big break when they appeared on the Arthur Godfrey's Talent Show and attracted the attention of several well known country stars, including Marty Robbins.
Albums
References
Musicians from Nebraska
Anticoagulant

An anticoagulant is a chemical injected under the skin or directly into a vein that stops blood clots.
Blood
Drugs
Jaws' Teeth

Jaws' Teeth is a film prop used by "Jaws" (Richard Kiel) in the James Bond films The Spy Who Loved Me and Moonraker.
Sources
Movie production
L. Q. Jones

L. Q. Jones (born Justice Ellis McQueen Jr.; August 19, 1927 - July 9, 2022) was an American character actor and movie director. He was known for his roles in some movies directed by Sam Peckinpah. He starred in The Wild Bunch, Hang 'Em High, Ride the High Country, Battle Cry, and in Casino.
Jones died on July 9, 2022 at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
1927 births
2022 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American movie directors
People from Beaumont, Texas
Actors from Texas