pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lawrence v. Texas

Lawrence v. Texas, 539 US 558 (2003), is the primary piece of case law which ultimately decriminalized sodomy in the United States. Ruled upon by the United States Supreme Court in 2003, Lawrence v. Texas concerned a Texas law that criminalized consensual, adult homosexual intercourse which was found unconstitutional under the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Background of the case
Houston Police were tipped off to a weapons disturbance purportedly from the residence of John Lawrence. Upon entering the apartment, police found Lawrence and Tyron Garner engaging in sexual intercourse. At the time, a statute was in place which banned such homosexual sex acts and further deemed homosexuality a "deviance." Both Lawrence and Garner were arrested and convicted under this statute.
Upon appeal, the Texas State Court of Appeals affirmed the men's convictions citing Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 US 186 (1986), as the controlling case.
Lawrence filed for certiorari to the Supreme Court which was granted in 2003.
Ruling
In a 6-3 decision, the Supreme Court voted to overturn Lawrence's conviction and declared the Texas anti-sodomy statute unconstitutional. The decision hinged on the right of Lawrence and Garner to engage in private conduct under the Due Process Clause. Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing the majority opinion, stated "[Lawrence and Garner's] right to liberty under the Due Process Clause gives them the full right to engage in their conduct without intervention of the government." The decision to overturn Bowers v. Hardwick was 5-4, with Justice O'Connor (a member of the Bowers majority back in 1986) refusing to overturn Bowers and instead supporting the Lawrence ruling on narrower Equal Protection grounds because the challenged Texas law made male-male sodomy illegal but not male-female sodomy.
Criticism
In a 2004 law review article, U.S. law professors Nelson Lund and John McGinnis criticized Lawrence v. Texas due to its alleged judicial hubris and expressed fears that its extremely broad language could have unexpected consequences in the long(er)-run.
Related pages
United States Obscenity Law
References
Further reading
Carpenter, Dale. (2012). Flagrant Conduct: The Story of Lawrence V. Texas. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co. Inc.
2003 in Texas
LGBT rights in the United States
Paraphilias
United States Supreme Court cases
Aleksandra Pakhmutova

Aleksandra Nikolayevna Pakhmutova (; born November 9, 1929) is a Russian composer. She has remained one of the best known figures in Soviet and later Russian popular music since she first achieved fame in her homeland in the 1960s.
Other websites
Official website
1929 births
Living people
Russian composers
Krishna

Krishna is an important God (Para Brahman) in Hinduism. He is considered to have been an avatar of the god Vishnu. Krishna is believed to have been a real thing who took part in the war known as the Mahabharata. He is a central character in the important Hindu scripture the Bhagavad Gita. Krishna belongs to a nomadic tribe of Ahirs/Abhiras known as Sattvatas who inhabited the country near Mathura. These Sattvatas or more properly the Yadavas of whom they were a branch were mentioned by Panini.
Hindu often consider him a warrior, hero, teacher and philosopher and a great leader. He defeated King Kans, who was a crime and demon who put his sister, Devaki, and Vasudev to jail.
Hindu gods and goddesses
List of American supercentenarians

American supercentenarians are citizens or residents of the United States who have reached or passed 110 years of age. Currently, the GRG lists the oldest living American as Edie Ceccarelli, born February 5, 1908. The longest-lived person ever from the United States was Sarah Knauss, of Hollywood, Pennsylvania, who died on December 30, 1999, aged 119 years, 97 days.
Oldest known Americans (aged 114+)
Below is a list of longest lived American over 114-years-old according to the GRG.
References
Notes
Related pages
Oldest people
Supercentenarian
Wildsteig

Wildsteig is a municipality in Weilheim-Schongau in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Weilheim-Schongau
Kinsariya

Kinsariya is a village in Parbatsar Tehsil, Nagaur District, Rajasthan. Kinsariya has there own gram Panchayat. India. It is part of Ajmer Division. The village is east of the capital of the district. It is from the state capital Jaipur.
History
Kinsariya was the Thikana of Keshavdasot Ramsinghot Mertiya's under Double tazimi Sirayat in Marwar State of BADU JAGIR (13 villages). Th. Naar Singh ji and Th. Chain Singh ji has the share of Kinsariya by Bhaibant . They are the sons of Thakur sahab Ram Singh Mertiya of Badu .
Population
In the 2011 census, 2,605 people lived there.
Notable Person
Man Singh Kinsariya
Ex MLA - Parbatsar
References
Villages in India
Settlements in Rajasthan
1933 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1933 Atlantic hurricane season started in the Summer of 1933 and ended near the end of Fall in 1933. 1933 was the third most active Atlantic hurricane season on record. The number of storms in tied with the number in 1995. Only 2005 and 2020 had a higher number of storms. Before 1950 storm did not get a name. This means that they were givin a number instead of a name. Also note that there could have been more than just 21 storms.
Storms
Tropical Storm One
Hurricane Two
Tropical Storm Three
Tropical Storm Four
Hurricane Five
Tropical Storm Six
Tropical Storm Seven
Hurricane Eight
Tropical Storm Nine
Tropical Storm Ten
Hurricane Eleven
Hurricane Twelve
Hurricane Thirteen
Hurricane Fourteen
Hurricane Fifteen
Tropical Storm Sixteen
Tropical Storm Seventeen
Hurricane Eighteen
Hurricane Nineteen
Tropical Storm Twenty
Tropical Storm Twenty-One
Atlantic hurricane seasons
Atlantic hurricane season
Brandon Borrello

Brandon Joel Gaetano Borello (born 25 July 1995) is an Australian soccer player. He plays for the Western Sydney Wanderers in the A-League Men and for the Australia men's national soccer team (nicknamed the "Socceroos").
References
1995 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Sportspeople from Adelaide
Royal Antwerp F.C.

Royal Antwerp Football Club is a Belgian football club from Antwerp. Founded in 1880 as the Antwerp Cricket Club by English students, the club is regarded as the oldest club in Belgium. The football division was founded in 1887 and named the Antwerp Football Club.
History
Royal Antwerp has won four Belgian league titles as well as three Belgian Cups. In 1900 most of the players left the club to K. Beerschot V.A.C.. This was the start of a long rivalry between the two clubs.
The club is the last Belgian team to reach a UEFA competition final. In the 1993 European Cup Winners' Cup Final they lost 3-1 against Parma at Wembley Stadium.
Royal Antwerp had a partnership with the English club Manchester United An example is Dong Fangzhuo. He was unable to play for United immediately due to work permit problems and was loaned to Antwerp.
Although the club is on Belgium's best-supported they reached no trophies. They have not won a league title since 1957 and also spent several seasons in the second division. They were promoted to the top flight in 2000 and relegated in 2004. They returned to the first division after 13 years in 2017. In August 2020 they won the first title since 1957. They won the Belgian Cup versus Club Brugge .
Stadium
Royal Antwerp plays their home matches at the Bosuilstadion since 1923.
Honours
National
Belgian First Division
Champions: 1928-29, 1930-31, 1943-44, 1956-57
Belgian Second Division
Champions: 1999-2000, 2016-17
Belgian Cup
Winners: 1954-55, 1991-92, 2019-20, 2022/23
Runners-up: 1974-75
Belgian Super Cup
Runners-up: 1992
International
Challenge International du Nord
Winners: 1902, 1906
European Cup Winners' Cup
Runners-up: 1992-93
Players
Current squad
Coaching staff
Manchester United Players loan partnership
This is a list of former players on-loan via Manchester United's partnership with Royal Antwerp from 1998 to 2013.
Jamie Wood
Dong Fangzhuo
Fraizer Campbell
Luke Chadwick
John Cofie
Jimmy Davis
Sylvan Ebanks-Blake
Adam Eckersley
David Fox
Luke Giverin
Colin Heath
Tom Heaton
Kirk Hilton
Eddie Johnson
Ritchie Jones
Michael Lea
Lee Martin
Paul Rachubka
Ryan Shawcross
Danny Simpson
Alan Tate
Ronnie Wallwork
Neil Wood
Arthur Gomez
Danny Higginbotham
Darron Gibson
John O'Shea
Gyliano van Velzen
Craig Cathcart
Jonny Evans
Phil Bardsley
David Gray
Souleymane Mamam
Other websites
References
Belgian football clubs
Uhrwiller

Uhrwiller is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Cellobiose

Cellobiose is a kind of sugar.
This word is from biochemistry and cellobiose is part of the disaccharide group of sugars. This sugar was called cellose.
Cellobiose is made from cellulose, which comes from the cells of plants. Things that have a lot of cellulose are good for making cellobiose, like cotton or paper. Water and cellulose make cellobiose: this process is called hydrolysis.
Pure cellobiose is a white powder.
People cannot metabolize cellobiose.
References
Carbohydrates
Clint Malarchuk

Clint Malarchuk (born May 1, 1961 in Grande Prairie, Alberta) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 11 seasons in the NHL. He played 5 seasons with the Quebec Nordiques, 2 seasons with the Washington Capitals and 4 seasons with the Buffalo Sabres. He is probably best known for the serious throat injury that he received from a skate blade during a game.
Injury
On March 22, 1989, Malarchuk was injured during a game between the Sabres and St. Louis Blues. Steve Tuttle of the St. Louis Blues and Uwe Krupp of the Buffalo Sabres became entangled when they were chasing the puck and they both crashed into Malarchuk's net, Tuttle's skate hit Malarchuk on the neck and severed his internal carotid artery which caused puddles of blood that collected on the ice. Malarchuk left the ice on his own two feet but he thought he was going to die so he said "All I wanted to do was get off the ice". "My mother was watching the game on TV, and I didn't want her to see me die." He knew that his mother was watching the game on TV and he had an equipment manager call and tell her he loved her. He also asked for a priest. His life was saved when the team's trainer, Jim Pizzutelli who was a former Army medic who had served in Vietnam. had reached into Malarchuk's neck and pinched off the bleeding. He did not let go until the doctors arrived to begin closing the wound. After the doctors spent 90 minutes and used over 300 stitches to close the wound he returned to practice four days later and was back in the net against the Quebec Nordiques after about a week. He made in time for the playoffs but the Sabres lost to the Boston Bruins 4 games to 1.
Malarchuk suffered mental health issues from this incident later on. He was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. On October 7, 2008, Malarchuk attempted to commit suicide with a .22 Long Rifle.
In November 2014, he released an autobiography called The Crazy Game also known by the title A Matter of Inches--How I Survived In The Crease And Beyond in the United States. Since the book release, Malarchuk and his wife have traveled around speaking about mental health issues and suicide prevention.
References
Other websites
1961 births
American Hockey League players
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Ice hockey people from Alberta
International Hockey League (1945-2001) players
Living people
Portland Winterhawks players
Quebec Nordiques players
Rochester Americans players
Washington Capitals players
Williston, Florida

Williston is a city of Florida in the United States.
Geography
Williston has a total area of 6.8 square miles.
Cities in Florida
Bambi Meets Godzilla

Bambi Meets Godzilla is a two-minute short cartoon which is known as Godzilla Meets Bambi who is created by Marv Newland in 1969. It features the characters Bambi and Godzilla. It is ranked as #38 in the book The 50 Greatest Cartoons, written in 1994.
Two sequels were later made that were not created by Newland: Son of Bambi Meets Godzilla and Bambi's Revenge.
Plot
In the opening credits, Bambi is seen grazing while Call to the Dairy Cows from Gioachino Rossini's opera William Tell (1829) plays in the background. After the credits, Bambi looks up to see Godzilla's foot coming down on him, crushing him (set to "A Day in the Life" by The Beatles). After this, the closing credits play over an image of Godzilla's foot.
References
Other websites
1969 movies
Animated movies
Short movies
Godzilla
Kenneth Lay

Kenneth Lee Lay (April 15, 1942 - July 5, 2006) was an American businessman and fraudster. He is best known for being involved in the Enron scandal. Lay was indicted by a grand jury in Houston, Texas, for his role in Enron's collapse and was charged with 11 counts of securities fraud, wire fraud, and making false and misleading statements.
On May 25, 2006, he was found guilty on all six counts of conspiracy and fraud by a jury of eight women and four men and in a separate bench trial, The judge ruled that he was guilty of four counts of fraud and false statements. The sentencing was scheduled to take place on 11 September 2006, but it was later rescheduled for 23 October 2006. The scheduled sentencing never took place because Lay died of a heart attack while vacationing in Snowmass, Colorado on July 5, 2006.
References
Other websites
Kenneth Lay at nndb.com
1942 births
2006 deaths
American fraudsters
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Businesspeople from Missouri
1948 Ashgabat earthquake

The 1948 Ashgabat earthquake (; ) was on 6 October with a surface wave magnitude of 7.3. The earthquake hit Turkmenistan near Ashgabat.
References
Other websites
Turkmenistan
Ashgabat Earthquake
Earthquakes in Asia
Ashgabat Earthquake
October events
French language in Lebanon

The French language in Lebanon started in 1920 after the French conquered Syria and Lebanon from the Ottomans after World War One. Ever since then the French language has been influenced in the Lebanese dialect, such as with "Bonjour kifak". "Bonjour" means "Good morning" in French, and "Kifak" means "How are You?" in the Lebanese dialect of Arabic. The two languages are combined to say "Hello, How are you?" in conversation.
Lebanon
Lebanon
Cessna 182

The Cessna 182, marketed under the name Skylane, is a four-seat, single-engine, light airplane. It has the option of adding two child seats, installed in the baggage area.
Introduced in 1956, the 182 has been produced in a number of variants, including a version with retractable landing gear, and is the second most popular Cessna model, after the 172.
Civil aircraft
Cessna aircraft
Gynecology

Gynecology (also spelled gynaecology) is the part of medicine that deals with the female reproductive system (vagina, uterus, ovaries) and breasts. Outside medicine, it means "the science of women."
Women have started to outnumber men in the study and practice of gynecology.
References
Obstetrics and gynecology
Female reproductive system
Enzo of Sardinia

Enzo (died March 14, 1272) was King of Sardinia from 1238 until 1249 when he was captured at the Battle of Fossalta.
Nobility
1272 deaths
Sardinia
Italian nobility
Right-hand rule

The right-hand rule is a convention in vector math. It helps you remember direction when vectors get cross multiplied.
Start by closing your right hand and stick out your pointer finger.
Stick your thumb straight up as though you were making the sign for a gun.
If you point your "gun" straight ahead, stick out your middle finger so that it points left and all your fingers are at right angles to each other.
If you have two vectors that you want to cross multiply, you can figure out the direction of the vector that comes out by pointing your thumb in the direction of the first vector and your pointer in the direction of the second vector. Your middle finger will point the direction of the cross product.
Remember that when you change the order that vectors get cross multiplied, the result goes in the opposite direction. So it's important to make sure that you go in the order of .
Variations
There is another rule called the right-hand grip rule (or corkscrew rule) that is used for magnetic fields and things that rotate.
Start by putting your right hand out flat and point your thumb straight out so that it is at a right angle to your other fingers.
Now curl your fingers into a fist and keep your thumb out (like a Thumbs Up).
Match how your fingers curl in to the way something is moving. The direction that your thumb is pointing is the direction of the vector we use to talk about it.
You can do this in reverse by starting your thumb in the direction of the vector and see how your fingers curl to see the direction of rotation. If you point your thumb in the direction of current in a wire, the magnetic field that comes up around it is in the direction of your curling fingers.
Mathematics
Liberty Kid

Liberty Kid is a 2007 low budget American movie. It is directed by Ilya Chaiken. The movie has to do with two friends that lose their jobs at the Statue of Liberty after 9/11.
The movie won Best Film at the New York Latino Film Festival. The movie won Critics' Pick from both The New York Times and New York Magazine. The movie played at New York Latino Film Festival, the Woodstock Film Festival, and the Atlanta Film Festival. The DVD has an audio commentary by three actors, deleted scenes, behind the scenes, photo gallery, and conversations with Iraq War veterans as special features. The DVD is in 5.1 stereo sound.
References
2007 movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Electoral district of Murray Plains

Murray Plains is an electoral district of Victoria. It was created in 2014. It is in the Northern Victoria Region.
Election results
References
Murray Plains
River dolphin

River dolphins are five species of dolphin which live in fresh water rivers and estuaries. Three species live in fresh water rivers. The La Plata Dolphin lives in salt water estuaries and the ocean.
South Asian river dolphins (two sub-species)
Ganges river dolphin, Platanista gangetica gangetica - Lives in Nepal, Republic of India and Bangladesh
Indus river dolphin, Platanista indicus minor - Lives in Pakistan; National mammal of Pakistan.
South American river dolphins (three species)
Amazon river dolphin (or Boto), Inia geoffrensis - Largest of river dolphins, lives in Peru and Brazil.
Araguaia river dolphin, Inia araguaiaensis - Recently discovered in the river basin in Brazil after which it is named. Identified as a separate species by genetic sequence analysis.
La Plata dolphin (or Franciscana), Pontoporia blainvillei - Lives in Argentina.
Chinese river dolphin (or Baiji), Lipotes vexillifer - Lives in the Yangtze River in China (one of the most endangered of all dolphins and whales). Recent counts have come up with 17 remaining individuals. Scientists now want to raise some dolphins in a lake.
Differences between marine and river dolphins
Both river dolphins and marine dolphins belong to a group of mammals called cetaceans. The snout of a river dolphin measures about 58 centimeters (2 ft) long, approximately four times as long as that of most marine dolphins. They use their long snout to search for fish on the muddy bottom of the river. River dolphins have smaller eyes than marine dolphins, and their vision is poorly developed because they live in dark, muddy water. River dolphins are less active than marine dolphins because they do not need to search so widely to find fish. Marine dolphins work in pods (packs) because when they find a shoal of fish then they work together to make the most of their find. River dolphins work mostly as individuals or small groups.
Taxonomy
The following is the taxonomy of river dolphins, or how dolphins are classified:
River dolphin classification
Superfamily Platanistoidea
Family Platanistidae
South Asian river dolphin Platanista gangetica (two subspecies)
Ganges river dolphin P. g. gangetica
Indus dolphin P. g. minor
Family Iniidae
Amazon river dolphin (or Boto) Inia geoffrensis
Family Lipotidae
Chinese river dolphin (or Baiji) Lipotes vexillifer
Family Pontoporiidae
La Plata dolphin (or Franciscana) Pontoporia blainvillei
References
Other sources
River-Dolphins-and-their-habitat
Sanday, Orkney

Sanday is one of the inhabited islands of Orkney, Scotland. It covers an area of . It is the third largest of the Orkney Islands. The main centres of population are Lady Village and Kettletoft. Sanday can be reached by Orkney Ferries or plane from Kirkwall on the Orkney Mainland. Cultural activities revolve around the school.
Climate
References
Orkney
The Living Daylights

The Living Daylights is a 1987 British spy movie directed by John Glen and is the 15th movie in the James Bond franchise. It stars Timothy Dalton, Maryam d'Abo, Joe Don Baker, Art Malik and Jeroen Krabbe. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and United Artists. The title song of the movie by the Norwegian pop music band A-ha was released with the same name.
Other websites
1987 action movies
1987 thriller movies
1980s spy movies
James Bond movies
Movies set in Europe
Movies set in Austria
Movies set in Afghanistan
Cold War movies
MGM movies
Movies directed by John Glen
Pierre Curie

Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 in Paris - 19 April 1906 in Paris) was a French physicist. He shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Curie and Henri Becquerel, for the work on 'spontaneous radioactivity' which Becquerel discovered.
Work
Pierre Curie is not as well known as Marie Curie, although Pierre and his brother had done a lot of work before Pierre's marriage and work with Marie. They were the first to use the term 'radioactivity', and were pioneers in its study. Pierre and his brother, Jacques Curie, built a special meter for measuring small amounts of electricity, piezoelectricity and ferromagnetism which Pierre and Marie used in their other discoveries.
Pierre died after a carriage accident in Paris on 19 April 1906. His head was crushed under the wheels. If he had lived he would probably have died by radiation poisoning, as Marie did. As they were the first to study radioactivity, they did not know how dangerous it was.
After Pierre's death, a group of scientists at the Radiology Congress decided to honour him by naming the unit of radioactivity a curie.
Children
Pierre and Marie Curie's daughter Irene Joliot-Curie and their son-in-law Frederic Joliot-Curie were also physicists involved in the study of radioactivity, and were also given the Nobel prize for their work. Their other daughter Eve wrote her mother's biography. His granddaughter Helene Langevin-Joliot is a professor of nuclear physics at the University of Paris and his grandson, Pierre Joliot, who was named after him, is a noted biochemist.
Prizes
Nobel Prize in Physics (1903)
Davy Medal (1903)
Matteucci Medal (1904)
References
Other websites
Pierre Curie's Nobel prize
Official Nobel biography
Nobel article about Marie Curie
Biography American Institute of Physics
Annotated bibliography for Pierre Curie from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
1859 births
1906 deaths
French academics
French chemists
French Nobel Prize winners
French nuclear physicists
Scientists from Paris
Thermal decomposition

Thermal decomposition is a process that causes a chemical compound to break down into simpler chemical compounds or elements under heat.
Related pages
Cracking (chemistry)
References
Chemistry
Hill City, Kansas

Hill City is a city in Graham County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Graham County. In 2010, 1,474 people lived there.
History
The first settlement at Hill City was made in 1876. This makes it the oldest town in Graham County. The community was named after W. R. Hill, a first settler. Hill City was platted in 1878. The first post office in Hill City was created in September 1878. Hill City was designated county seat in 1880. By 1915, Hill City had 647 people living there.
Geography
Hill City located at (39.367319, -99.845558). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Weather
On June 26, 2012 the temperature reached 115 degF (46 degC), breaking the June record tied just 2 days earlier. It was the hottest city in the United States for four days in a row it had temperatures of 114deg, 111deg, 115deg, and 115 degF (46deg, 44deg, 46deg, and 46 degC).
On June 9, 2005 a large tornado passed 1 mile south of Hill City. A large tornado hit just north of the city on June 20, 2011.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,474 people, 669 households, and 404 families living in Hill City.
Education
Hill City is served by USD 281 Graham County. The district high school is in Hill City. The Hill City High School mascot is Ringnecks.
The Hill City Ringnecks have won the following Kansas State High School championships:
1969 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1970 Boys Basketball - Class 2A
1970 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1971 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1976 Girls Basketball - Class 2A
1976 Girls Track & Field - Class 2A
1978 Boys Basketball - Class 2A
1978 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1979 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1997 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
1998 Boys Basketball - Class 2A
Famous people
Charles V. Park (1885-1982), noted librarian for whom the Charles V. Park Library at Central Michigan University is named, was born in town.
References
Other websites
City
City of Hill City
Hill City - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 281, local school district
Maps
Hill City Map, KDOT
Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Graham County, Kansas
1876 establishments in Kansas
Healthcare in Australia

Healthcare in Australia is partly public and partly private. Most of the cost is met by the Australian Medicare system. which is a national single-payer funding model. The state and territory governments run public hospitals where people can get care free of charge. Primary health services, such as GP clinics, are mostly privately owned but attract Medicare pays part of the cost. Australian citizens, people who live in Australia, and some visitors and visa holders can get health services under the Medicare system.
People can get health insurance to cover services offered in the private sector. The government pays about 25% of the cost. Private insurers have to charge people the same without taking into account any existing or previous conditions. Doctors are paid for seeing and treating people, and people can choose where they are treated.
The federal Minister for Health sets national health policy. State and territory governments regulate and administer doctors, public hospitals and ambulance services. One third of hospital places are run privately.
In 2017-18, total health spending was $185.4 billion, about $7,485 per person. Most of the money went on hospitals (40%) and primary health care (34%). Health spending was about 10% of overall economic activity. In 2020-21 it was $220.9 billion, 7.1% more than in 2019-20. 70% was paid by the government. Health spending as a proportion of GDP was 11th highest of OECD countries in 2019.
In 2023 81% of Australians said their healthcare system was 'good' or 'very good'.
References
Australia
Aus
Brussels (Flemish Parliament constituency)

Brussels is a constituency in Flanders.
Election results
References
Constituencies of the Flemish Parliament
Shock Treatment (1973 movie)

Shock Treatment () is a 1973 French Italian drama movie directed by Alain Jessua and starring Annie Girardot, Alain Delon, Michel Duchaussoy, Robert Hirsch, Jeanne Colletin, Jean-Francois Calve, Gabriel Cattand, Robert Party, Roger Muni.
Other websites
1973 drama movies
French drama movies
Italian drama movies
Movies directed by Alain Jessua
Nurallao

Nurallao (Nuradda) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,270 people lived there. Its area is 34.76 km2. It is 390 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Masashi Ebinuma

is a Japanese athlete. He is best known as a judoka.
Career
In 2011, Ebunuma won the World Championship for his judo weight class.
Ebinuma won the bronze medal in the men's 66 kg judo category during the 2012 Summer Olympics.
References
Other websites
Masashi Ebinuma (JPN) at Judoinside.com
1990 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Japanese judoka
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Royal forest

A royal forest is an area of land with various meanings, but basically it is woodland once owned by monarchs.
In Anglo-Saxon England, the kings were great huntsmen but they never set aside areas forbidden to other users. Historians find no evidence of the Anglo-Saxon monarchs (c.500 to 1066) creating forests.
However, under the Norman kings (after 1066), no hunting was allowed on Royal lands except by authority of the King. The law was designed to protect the venison and the vert, the "noble" animals of the chase - notably red and fallow deer, the roe, and the wild boar - and the greenery which sustained them.
Royal forests were designed as hunting areas reserved for the monarch or (by invitation) the aristocracy. The concept was introduced by the Normans to England in the 11th century, and in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, one-third of the land area of southern England was designated as royal forest. At one stage in the 12th century, all of Essex was afforested, and on his accession Henry II declared all of Huntingdonshire to be royal forest.
Afforestation, in particular the creation of the New Forest, figured large in the folk history of the "Norman Yoke":
"the picture of prosperous settlements disrupted, houses burned, peasants evicted, all to serve the pleasure of the foreign tyrant, is a familiar element in the English national story .... The extent and intensity of hardship and of depopulation have been exaggerated".
Forest law prescribed harsh punishment for anyone who committed any offence within the forests. Killing game was a capital offence. By the mid-17th century, enforcement of this law died out, but many English woodlands still bear the title Royal Forest. The practice of reserving areas of land for the sole use of the aristocracy was common throughout Europe during the mediaeval period.
Royal forests usually included large areas of heath, grassland and wetland - anywhere that supported deer and other game. In addition, when an area was designated forest, any villages, towns and fields that lay within it were also subject to forest law. Local inhabitants were restricted in the use of land they had previously relied on for their livelihood. However, common rights were not extinguished, but merely restricted.
References
Forests of Europe
History of Europe
Hjorthagen

Hjorthagen is a district in the northeastern part of central Stockholm, located near Ropsten and Lidingobron. Since 1997, Hjorthagen has been part of Ostermalm district.
District
Hjorthagen belongs to Ostermalm district, it had around 8,000 inhabitants in 2017 and is estimated to have over 17,000 inhabitants by year 2027. The district borders Ladugardsgardet and Norra Djurgarden.
References
Stockholm
José Carlos da Silva Júnior

Jose Carlos da Silva Junior (16 June 1926 - 5 March 2021) was a Brazilian politician and businessman. He was a member of the Democratic Social Party. He was a Senator from 1996 to 1999 and Vice-Governor of the state of Paraiba from 1983 to 1986.
Silva Junior died from COVID-19 in Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, on 5 March 2021, at the age of 94, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
References
1926 births
2021 deaths
Brazilian politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Masnières

Masnieres is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,745 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Laurie Cunningham

Laurie Cunningham is a former football player. He has played for England national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1974-75||rowspan="3"|Leyton Orient||rowspan="3"|Second Division||17||1
|-
|1975-76||34||8
|-
|1976-77||24||6
|-
|1976-77||rowspan="3"|West Bromwich Albion||rowspan="3"|First Division||13||6
|-
|1977-78||33||6
|-
|1978-79||40||9
|-
|1979-80||rowspan="4"|Real Madrid||rowspan="4"|La Liga||29||8
|-
|1980-81||12||5
|-
|1981-82||3||0
|-
|1982-83||0||0
|-
|1982-83||Manchester United||First Division||5||1
|-
|1983-84||Sporting Gijon||La Liga||30||3
|-
|1984-85||Olympique Marseille||Division 1||30||8
|-
|1985-86||Leicester City||First Division||15||0
|-
|1986-87||Rayo Vallecano||Segunda Division||37||3
|-
|1987-88||Wimbledon||First Division||6||2
|-
|1987-88||Charleroi||First Division||1||0
|-
|1988-89||Rayo Vallecano||Segunda Division||19||1
187||39
130||20
30||8
1||0
348||67
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1979||3||0
|-
|1980||3||0
|-
!Total||6||0
|}
References
1956 births
1989 deaths
Footballers from London
Marcos Manuel Llados

Marcos Manuel Llados (born March 26, 1962 in Madrid) is a ski athlete from Spain. He has a disability: he cannot see. He is a B2 type skier. He ski raced at the 1992 Winter Paralympics. He was the number three skier in the giant slalom race. He ski raced at the 1994 Winter Paralympics. He was the number three skier in the super giant race.
References
Spanish skiers
Living people
1962 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from Madrid
1992 Winter Paralympics
1994 Winter Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Nindorf (Bergen)

Nindorf is a village administered by the Lower Saxon town of Bergen in the northern part of Celle on the Luneburg Heath in North Germany. It is about northwest of Bergen on the B 3 federal road.
References
Literature
Wilfried Hormann: Aus der Geschichte von Nindorf, Typoskript 1963(73)
Other websites
Informationen uber Nindorf
Villages in Lower Saxony
Bergen, Lower Saxony
Celle (district)
FC Stattegg

FC Stattegg was a women's football club from Stattegg, Austria. The club played in the OFB-Frauenliga, the highest class in Austrian women soccer. In 2011 the team was token over by SK Sturm Graz.
Current squad
as 20 May 2011, in brackets national team
Goalkeeper
Katrin Hermann (Austria U 19)
Lucija Mori (Slovenia)
Celina Ettl
Defence
Julia Seitz
Angelika Alter
Susanne Ehgartner (Austria U 19)
Christina Seitinger
Christina Fischler
Tanja Eibinger
Petra Glavac
Midfielder
Stefanie Brandner
Kerstin Fernitz
Lisa Weissensteiner
Melanie Schweiger
Kerstin Kropf
Alexandra Panait
Verena Soll
Lourdes Cervantes Duenas
Stefanie Hierzer
Forwards
Tanja Altenbacher
Simona Koren (Austria U 19)
Christina Peintinger (Austria U 17, Austria U 19)
Elisabeth Walcher
Deniz Kuyucaklioglu (Austria U 17), on loan from USC Landhaus
Stephanie Schachner
Other websites
Official website
Austrian football clubs
Women's football in Austria
Football clubs of Styria
Tigres UANL

Club de Futbol Tigres de la Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, commonly known as Tigres UANL, is a Mexican professional football club. Its based in San Nicolas de los Garza, a suburb of Monterrey.
Honours
Domestic League
Liga MX: 5
1977-78, 1981-82, Apertura 2011, Apertura 2015, Apertura 2016
Copa Mexico: 3
1975-76, 1995-96, Clausura 2014
Ascenso MX: 2
Invierno 1996, Verano 1997
Segunda Division: 1
1973-74
Interliga: 2
2005, 2006
Mexico's Under-20 Tournament: 1
2009-10
International
SuperLiga: 1
2009
Friendly Tournaments
Rio Grande Plate: 2
2007, 2008
Serie Mundial de Futbol: 1
2007
Copa Chiapas: 1
2008
Copa Cani: 1
2013
References
Mexican football clubs
Nuevo Leon
1960 establishments
1960s establishments in Mexico
Lord Vetinari

Lord Havelock Vetinari is a fictional character created by Terry Pratchett for his Discworld books and is the ruler of the city-state of Ankh-Morpork.
The Colour of Magic
In the first book called The Colour of Magic, Rincewind is arrested by a character called the Patrician, ruler of Ankh-Morpork who tells him that he will kill him for counterfeiting unless Rincewind becomes a tour guide for the character Twoflower. The Patrician later hires assassins to murder Twoflower after being asked to do that by the leader of Twoflower's home country. The Patrician isn't given a name by the book.
Mort
In the book Mort, it's mentioned that Ankh-Morpork has a political system called "one man, one vote, the Patrician was the man, so he had the vote" meaning that it was an absolute monarchy with the Patrician in charge.
Sourcery
In Sourcery, it turns out that The Patrician is named Lord Vetinari and that he is "unfair and unjust but he is unfair and unjust to everyone without fear or favour" and that the only living thing he loves is his dog Wuffles. At the beginning of the book, Lord Vetinari is transformed into an animal and locked up but he is turned back into a human by the end.
Wyrd Sisters
In the book Wyrd Sisters, it turns out that the Patrician kills anyone who might be related to the last king of the city so he can continue to rule it.
Guards! Guards!
In Guards! Guards!, it turns out Lord Vetinari threatened every thief in the city and said that he would cut off their heads and kill their children unless they started a guild which would kill anyone who stole unless they were in the guild and which would pay Lord Vetinari to let them steal from everyone except for people who paid the Guild not to steal from them and which would have to pay a tax to Lord Vetinari. Lord Vetinari is then betrayed by his sidekick Lupine Wonse who locks Vetinari in his own dungeon with Captain Samuel Vimes. Vetinari tells Vimes he would never create a dungeon that he didn't know how to escape so Vimes finds a secret passage but Vetinari remembers where in the dungeon he hid the key and escapes. After Wonse is killed, Vetinari tells Vimes that everyone is evil but there are some bad people on different sides but Vimes doesn't believe him. After Vimes leaves, Lord Vetinari admits he thinks Vimes is a good person.
Men at Arms
In the book, Men at Arms, it turns out that Lord Vetinari's first name is Havelock
Night Watch
In the book Night Watch, it turns out that Havelock Vetinari is an orphan who was raised by his aunt and that he trained as an assassin paying attention to stealth and poison and killed the evil Patrician Lord Winder.
Fictional characters
Gerald van Dijk

Gerald van Dijk (born 18 June 1983) is a Dutch-Surinamese korfball player. He competed with the Netherlands national korfball team and Suriname national korfball team.
Van Dijk played 22 matches with the Netherlands national korfball team and became European Champion, World Champion and World Games champion.
From 2017 Van Dijk founded the Suriname national korfball team. He became chairman of the Surinamese Korfball federation. Together with other Dutch-Surinamese korfball players of the Korfbal League, including himself, he was able to get a complete team. With the Suriname national korfball team he competed at among others the 2019 IKF World Korfball Championship and 2022 World Games.
References
1983 births
Living people
Surinamese korfball players
Dutch korfball players
Maria Koterbska

Maria Koterbska (13 July 1924 - 18 January 2021) was a Polish singer. She was popular in the 1950s and 1960s. She was born in Bielsko, Poland.
In 1999, Koterbska was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Koterbska was known for her singles were "Augustowskie noce", "Brzydula i rudzielec", "Karuzela", "Parasolki", "Serduszko puka w rytmie cza cza", "Wroclawska piosenka" and "Do grajacej szafy grosik wrzuc".
Koterbska died in Bielsko-Biala, Poland on 18 January 2021 at the age of 96.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2021 deaths
Polish singers
St. Matthews, Kentucky

St. Matthews is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
St. Matthews, Kentucky was established in 1889 as a subdivision of Jefferson County.
References
Other websites
City of St. Matthews Official site
Images of Saint Matthews (Ky.) in the University of Louisville Libraries Digital Collections
Cities in Kentucky
Jean-Laurent Cochet

Jean-Laurent Cochet (28 January 1935 - 7 April 2020) was a French actor and director. He is known for his roles in A Thousand Billion Dollars (1982) and Fort Saganne (1984). He was born in Romainville, Seine-Saint-Denis.
On 7 April 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Cochet died on COVID-19 in Paris. He was 85.
References
Other websites
1935 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
French movie actors
French movie directors
Olivia Rae

Olivia Sophie Margaret Rae is a cricketer from Scotland. Rae played for the Scotland women's national cricket team. She was born on April 14, 1988.
References
Other websites
1988 births
Living people
Scottish cricketers
Jim Walton

James Carr Walton (born June 7, 1948) is an American businessman. He is the heir to the fortune of Walmart, the world's largest retailer.
As of March 2020, Walton was the 8th-richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$54.6 billion. He is the youngest son of Sam Walton. Walton was born in Newport, Arkansas.
References
1948 births
Living people
American billionaires
Businesspeople from Arkansas
Lausanne (district)

Lausanne is a district of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The capital is the city of Lausanne.
It contains the following municipalities:
Belmont-sur-Lausanne
Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne
Crissier
Epalinges
Jouxtens-Mezery
Lausanne
Le Mont-sur-Lausanne
Paudex
Prilly
Pully
Renens
Romanel-sur-Lausanne
Districts of Vaud
Colin Gubbins

Colin Gubbins was Major-General Sir Colin McVean Gubbins KCMG DSO MC (2 July 1896 - 11 February 1976). He was head of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the Second World War.
Gubbins was also responsible for setting up the secret Auxiliary Units, a civilian force to operate behind the German lines if the United Kingdom was invaded during Operation Sea Lion, Germany's planned invasion.
References
British Army generals
List of shipwrecks

This list of shipwrecks is of those sunken ships whose remains have been found.
Aarhus Historic Shipwreck
Admiral Graf Spee
VOC ship Amsterdam
SS Andrea Doria, 1956
USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor
VOC ship Batavia
Bendigo, North Carolina, United States
Bismarck battleship
Breadalbane, 1853
Carnatic shipwreck, Red Sea
USS California (later San Diego), Long Island
USS Eagle, Lake Champlain, New York
Elingamite, New Zealand, 1902
SS Edmund Fitzgerald, Lake Superior, 1975
Cape Gelidonya
Giglio Island, Etruscan wreck
HMS Hampshire
HMS Hood
HMS Hussar
Iria
I-18tou midget submarine
I-52
Russian submarine Kursk
Lady Elgin, Chicago, Illinois
HMT Lancastria
RMS Lusitania
Mahdia
Mary Celestia
Mary Rose
Medusa, French passenger ship of west Africa in 1816.
HMS Montague, Lundy Island, England
USS Monitor
CSS Muscogee', Georgia, United States
Nola
SS Richard Montgomery
wreck of Rochelongue, France
Scharnhorst, Norway
Nuestra Senora de Atocha - Spanish galleon which sank in 1622 and was found on July 20, 1985 40 miles off the coast of Key West, Florida by treasure hunters who soon began to raise $400 million in coins and silver.
H.M.T. Rohna American troop carrier in WWII
USS Scorpion
Seattle, Norway
Snow Squall
USS Thresher
USS Ticonderoga, Lake Champlain, New York
RMS Titanic
Uluburun
Struma, Black Sea
HMS Wasa, Stockholm, Sweden
Vicar of Bray
SS Yongala, Townsville, Australia
VOC Zuytdorp, Australia, 1712
RMS Empress of Ireland, Saint Lawrence River
The White Ship, 1120
Further reading
A. J. Parker, Ancient shipwrecks of the Mediterranean and the Roman provinces (Oxford 1992).
Transport lists
Shipwrecks
GURPS

The Generic Universal RolePlaying System, or GURPS, is a role-playing game system created by Steve Jackson Games. It emphasizes a set of rules that can be used in any time or world. Characters are created using a point-based system. There have been four releases of the GURPS core rules and dozens of game supplements that extend the core rules with genre or setting-specific information.
In 1990, GURPS became the focus of a Secret Service investigation when an as yet unreleased GURPS Cyberpunk game supplement was misconstrued by the Secret service as being a handbook for computer crime.
Role-playing games
Law enforcement in Cuba

Law enforcement in Cuba is the responsibility of the National Revolutionary Police Force (Spanish: Policia Nacional Revolucionaria, PNR) under the administration of the Cuban Ministry of the Interior.
Cuba
Cuba
Berlin Hauptbahnhof

Berlin Hauptbahnhof (English: Berlin Central Station) is the central railway station of the German capital Berlin. It began full operation two days after a ceremonial opening on 26 May 2006.
It is on the site of the old Lehrter Bahnhof. Until it opened as a main line station, it was a stop on the Berlin S-Bahn suburban railway, temporarily named Berlin Hauptbahnhof - Lehrter Bahnhof in 2002.
The station has the largest traffic volume for a through-station in Europe. Paris Gare du Nord is the largest station in Europe measured by traffic volume but it is regarded as a terminus.
The longest route that runs through Berlin Central railway station is the Sibirjak. It links Berlin to some cities in Russia. It passes through Poland, Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan. The longest route offered goes to Novosibirsk. This takes almost four days to travel.
References
2006 establishments in Germany
Buildings and structures in Berlin
Railway stations in Germany
List of World Heritage Sites in Poland

There are thirteen UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Poland. The first properties were added to the World Heritage List in 1978. Two of the sites are shared with neighboring countries.
World Heritage Sites
References
Poland
Poland-related lists
Brake

A brake is a device for slowing or stopping a moving machine part. The most common brakes are for wheels, such as those on cars and bicycles.
The kinetic energy lost by the moving part is usually converted into heat by friction. There are also regenerative braking systems that store some of the energy in a flywheel or capacitor, or convert it to electricity to store in a battery or send to some other machine. The first braking systems were used on horse-drawn vehicles. The horse accelerated the cart to relatively high speeds and could not cope with its stopping by itself. The first mechanisms braked the wheel itself by means of a manual lever or a system of levers.
The first braking systems were used on horse-drawn vehicles. The horse accelerated the cart to high speeds and could not cope with its stopping by itself. The brake used a manual lever or a system of levers to press a wooden block onto the wheel, slowing it by friction. In wet weather, it was ineffective. Later, faster vehicles such as bicycles, trains and automobiles needed much better brakes, and many kinds were invented. Even some airplanes have brakes to slow them in the air.
Related pages
Railway brake
References
Basic English 850 words
Tools
The Venus Chained

The Venus Chained or Les Venus Enchainees is a medium-length film documentary French produced by Wooksart, Jacob Rothschild and Dylan Besseau directed by Guillaume Gevart was released in 2023. He received an honorable mention at the Student World Impact Film Festival of 2023 , .
Synopsis
Documentary whose theme is prostitution, it tries to understand the stakes of this infernal machine concerning 30,000 people in France, including 10,000 minors. It seeks solutions through various committed protagonists. From the departmental councilor Myriam Bigeard who fights for gender equality to the famous association of the Mouvement du Nid, he addresses this thought-provoking subject without judgment.
Distinctions
2023: Honorable mention at the Student World Impact Film Festival
references
Notes
The Venus chained on Prime Video
John Forslund

John Forslund (born February 14, 1962) is an American television presenter and announcer. He is the television play-by-play announcer for the Carolina Hurricanes. He has been with the team since 1991 (when the team was the Hartford Whalers) and has been calling games since 1995. Forslund was born in Springfield, Massachusetts.
On March 13, 2020, Forslund tested positive to COVID-19.
References
1962 births
Living people
American television presenters
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Larose, Louisiana

Larose is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Census-designated places in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana