pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pericardium

Pericardium is a thin, conical, fibroelastic sac or a membrane surrounding hearts and its great vessels.
Various functions of pericardium include preventing dislocation of heart by maintaining its original position, providing mechanical support to the heart and its great vessels and act as a lubrication, to lessen friction between the heart and the neighboring structures.
Gross anatomy
Anatomically It has two main parts fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium.
Histology
Histologically, pericardium consists of three layers: the serosa, the fibrosa, and an outer layer of epipericardial connective tissue.
Pericardial fluid is present in between these two layers.
The parietal pericardium (thickness 0.8-1 mm) consists of an outer fibrous connective tissue sac lined by serosa. The serosa comprises unilayer mesothelium (which is responsible for the formation and reabsorption of pericardial fluid) . It is surrounded by variable amount of fatty tissues, particularly in the cardiophrenic angles.
The pericardial sac consists of two pericardial sinuses namely oblique sinus and transverse sinus.
Clinical anatomy
Pericardial effusion is clinical conditions characterized by excessive pericardial fluids in between the parietal and visceral layers. Pericardiocentesis is a clinical procedure carried out to remove excessive fluid that has built up in a pericardium. The inflammation of pericardium is called pericarditis.
Related pages
Pericarditis
References
Heart
Saxe-Hildburghausen

Saxe-Hildburghausen was one of the Ernestine duchies of the House of Wettin.
History
Although it was very small, Saxe-Hildburghausen was an independent duchy from 1680 to 1826. In 1684 the duchy changed its capital from Heldburg to Hildburghausen, and changed its name to Saxe-Hildburghausen.
In 1810, a Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen married Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria, who became king of Bavaria 15 years later. The marriage is the reason for the Oktoberfest, held annually in Munich.
In 1826, the Ernestine duchies were reorganised after the last ruler of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg died without an heir. The duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen gave up his duchy in return for becoming Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. Hildburghausen was given to Saxe-Meiningen. Hildburghausen was not one of the duchies in the Imperial circle, Altenburg was, so by swapping his land the duke gained in social rank, even though the Holy Roman Empire no longer existed
In 1868, four districts were established in the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen. Hildburghausen was one of these districts, with boundaries very similar to those of the former duchy. It remained almost unchanged until 1993, when the former district of Suhl was dissolved and most of its municipalities joined the district.
Dukes of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Ernst II (1675 - 1715)
Ernst Frederick I (1715 - 24)
Ernst Frederick II (1724 - 45)
Ernst Frederick III (1745 - 80)
Frederick (1780 - 1825)
Incorporated into Saxe-Meiningen
House of Wettin
States of the Confederation of the Rhine
States of the German Confederation
States of the Holy Roman Empire
Thuringia
Sean Moore (musician)

Sean Anthony Moore (born 30 July 1968) is a Welsh musician. He is known for being the drummer and occasional trumpet player for Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers. He is the cousin of fellow Manic Street Preacher James Dean Bradfield. He moved in with James in his teenage years following his parents' divorce. Moore is one of the founding members of the Manics and remains a part of the band to this day.
Moore has three children and got divorced in 2019. He is a fan of Liverpool Football Club. He is also a fan of racing and has one of the fastest times around the German Nurburgring track.
1968 births
Living people
Welsh musicians
Erloy

Erloy is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Cathedral of the Most Holy Conception, Chile

The Cathedral of the Most Holy Conception () is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Concepcion, Chile.
Related pages
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Concepcion
History of Concepcion
Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception
Other websites
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Concepcion website
Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception website
The Cathedral in gcatholic.com
Roman Catholic cathedrals
Buildings and structures in Chile
Concepcion
Dir (princely state)

Dir was a small former princely state in the modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. The state ceased to exist in 1969 when it was incorporated into Pakistan. The area once occupied by the state (5,282 km2) now forms two districts of Pakistan - Upper Dir and Lower Dir. The two districts were part of Malakand Division until divisions were abolished as an administrative tier.
Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Pakistani princely states
Montevideo Wanderers F.C.

Montevideo Wanderers F.C. is a football club that plays in Montevideo, Uruguay.
The club had a historic campaign in 2016 when they qualified for the round of 16 of the Copa Sudamericana. They were eliminated by Atletico Junior of Colombia 4-3 on penalties. They had beat O'Higgins F.C. of Chile and Zamora F.C. of Venezuela.
References
Uruguayan football clubs
Montevideo
20th-century establishments in Uruguay
Agatha Barbara

Agatha Barbara, (11 March 1923 - 4 February 2002) was a Maltese politician. She was the first female President of Malta. She is the longest standing woman Member of Parliament in Maltese political history.
References
1923 births
2002 deaths
Presidents of Malta
Vimeo

Vimeo, Inc. () is an American online video service.
References
Internet
Queensland

Queensland is a state in eastern Australia. It is the second largest state by area and the third largest state by population. In 2006 there were 3,904,532 people living in Queensland.
It occupies the north-east corner of Australia. The state has the Northern Territory to the west, South Australia to the south-west and New South Wales to the south. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. The capital city is Brisbane.
The area was first settled by Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, who arrived between 40,000 and 65,000 years ago. Later, Queensland was made a British Crown Colony that was separated from New South Wales in 1859. The area that currently forms Brisbane was originally the Moreton Bay punishment colony, intended as a place for criminals with a repeated offence history who had offended while serving out their sentences in New South Wales. The state later encouraged free settlement, and today Queensland's economy is dominated by the agricultural, tourist and natural resource sectors.
The population is concentrated in the south-east corner, which includes the capital Brisbane, Ipswich, Logan City, and the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast. Other major regional centres are in North Queensland and they are Cairns, Townsville, Mackay, Rockhampton, Bundaberg, Toowoomba, and Mount Isa. Queensland is often nicknamed the Sunshine State, since it enjoys warm weather and a sizable portion of the state is in the tropics.
Emblems of Queensland
The floral emblem of Queensland is the Cooktown Orchid, Dendrobium phalaenopsis, which was chosen in 1959 for the centenary of the beginning of the state of Queensland.
The fauna emblem of Queensland is the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus. It was chosen in 1971.
The bird emblem of Queensland is the Brolga, Grus rubicunda. It is the only one of the 17 species of crane that come from Queensland. It has been on the Queensland Coat of Arms since 1977, and became the bird emblem in 1986.
The aquatic emblem is the Anemone Fish, Amphiprion akindynos. It was chosen in 2005.
The state's official gem is the sapphire, which was first found in Queensland in 1870.
References
Other websites
Postcode Tool - Queensland
1859 establishments in Australia
Trey

Trey is a frequently used name for male children in the United States. It is a concise and straightforward name with a significant historical background. The name Trey is derived from the Latin term "tres," which translates to "three." It is commonly employed as a moniker for boys who are the third-born in their family or were born on the third day of the month. Nonetheless, the name Trey has evolved over time to have a wider connotation and is now frequently used as a standalone name. The pronunciation of the name is [ trey ]. This name was ranked #653 on the US Popular Names in 2021.
People
Trey Anastasio, an American guitarist, composer and singer
Trey Azagthoth, a guitarist for death metal band Morbid Angel
Trey Gunn, a member of the band King Crimson
Trey Junkin, a former American football player
Trey Parker, creator of South Park
Trey Spruance, an American musician
Trey Teague, an American football player
Trey Wingo, an American sportscaster
Trey Gowdy, American television news personality, former politician, and former federal prosecutor
Trey Songz, American R&B singer
Trey Lyles, Canadian basketball player
Trey Mancini, American professional baseball first baseman and outfielder
Trey Lewis, NFL Defensive Tackle
Other
Trey of Triforia, a character in Power Rangers: Zeo
Trey, Vaud, a commune in Vaud, Switzerland
Standard Anglo-American playing cards of rank three, as in "the trey of hearts"
References
Ali Benflis

Ali Benflis (; born 8 September 1944) is an Algerian politician who was Head of Government of Algeria from 2000 to 2004. In 2003, he became the general secretary of the National Liberation Front party. He ran for President of Algeria twice in 2004 and in 2014.
References
1944 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Algeria
Gender bias on Wikipedia

Gender bias on Wikipedia means that Wikipedia editors are mostly men. Fewer biographies on Wikipedia are about women. There are fewer articles for or about things that are important to women. Those articles are not as good.
Related pages
Women in Red
References
Wikimedia
Gender
Discrimination
LGBT rights in Tunisia

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Tunisia may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Homosexuality is illegal in the Republic of Tunisia and the law does not include sexual orientation or gender identity in its civil rights laws and there is no legal recognition for same-sex couples. According to the 2013 Pew Global Attitudes Project, 93% of Tunisian adults do not believe that homosexuality is acceptable by society.
Tunisia tends to be socially conservative when it comes to such issues as homosexuality. There are a few led organised LGBT Human rights movement such as the movement named "Shams". Mostly Tunisians are generally Muslims with traditional values, and traditional Islamic attitudes and mores look down upon Homosexuality and cross-dressing as signs of decadence and Immorality. But Tunisian Cross-dressers are not expressly Illegal in the country. Male prostitution workers occur in some Tunisian tourist resorts. The so-called Minister for Human Rights Samir Dilou stated that "Freedom of Speech has its limits", Homosexuality is a "perversion", and gay people needed to be "treated medically" for this. His comments were condemned by many in Tunisian society who posted pro-LGBT pictures on social networking sites. In June 2012, Dilou rejected the recommendation of the United Nations Human Rights Committee for Tunisia to decriminalise same-sex sexual acts, stating that the concept of "Sexual orientation is specific to the west" which is not true and is overridden by Tunisian Law, which "clearly describes Tunisia as an fellow Arab Muslim country".
In May of 2016, several LGBTI Associations organised a small, discreet Gay Pride reception in Tunis. Associations also organised events and public demonstrations to mark the International Day against Homophobia in May.
Public Tunisian Opinion:
Public opinion regarding its LGBT Human rights is complex. According to a 2014 Survey Poll by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, 18% of Tunisian people were in favour of legalising Same-sex marriages, with 62% being opposed to such legislation of legalisation.
Summary table
References
Tunisia
Tunisia
Emilio de Villota

Emilio de Villota Ruiz (born in Madrid, July 26, 1946) is a former racing driver from Spain. He participated in 15 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on May 2, 1976. He scored no championship points.
In 2005, he participated in Formula Palmer Audi driving a Mapfre's car (no7)
1946 births
Living people
Spanish racecar drivers
Formula One drivers
List of U.S. cities named after their state

This is a list of U.S. cities (or census-designated areas) named after the state they are in. Locations which are no longer functioning cities (including former cities and present ghost towns) are marked with an asterisk (*).
Alabama City, Alabama*
Arizona City, Arizona*
Arkansas City, Arkansas
California City, California
Colorado City, Colorado*
Delaware City, Delaware
Florida City, Florida
New Georgia, Georgia*
Idaho City, Idaho
Illinois City, Illinois*
Indianapolis, Indiana
Iowa City, Iowa
Jersey City, New Jersey
Kansas City, Kansas
Maryland City, Maryland*
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Minnesota City, Minnesota
Mississippi City, Mississippi*
Missouri City, Missouri
Montana City, Montana
Nebraska City, Nebraska
Nevada City, Nevada*
New York City, New York
Ohio City, Ohio*
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Oregon City, Oregon
Tennessee City, Tennessee*
Texas City, Texas
Utah City, Utah*
Virginia City, Virginia*
Virginia Beach, Virginia
Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin
Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Educational Broadcasting System

Korea Educational Broadcasting System () or EBS is a South Korean educational public broadcaster and radio network covering South Korean territory, and the only major South Korean radio and television network without a separate regional service. It was established as KBS 3 and KBS Educational Radio in the 1980s, and became an independent corporation in 1990.
The main counterparts of this network are American Broadcasting Company, National Public Radio, and Public Broadcasting Service in the United States, as well as Korean Broadcasting System, and Educational Broadcasting System in South Korea, Radio Philippines Network, People's Television Network, Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation, and Philippine Broadcasting Service in the Philippines, NHK in Japan, TV3, and Radio Televisyen Malaysia in Malaysia, ARD in the Germany, TF1, and France 2 in France, RAI in Italy, RTVE in Spain, Radio e Televisao de Portugal in Portugal, SBT, TV Cultura, and TV Brasil in Brazil, Pershyi in Ukraine, Telewizja Polska in Poland, Nederlandse Publieke Omroep in the Netherlands, CCTV in China, Royal Thai Army Radio and Television in the Thailand, Televisa, and Canal Once in Mexico, Nigerian Television Authority in Nigeria, South African Broadcasting Corporation in the South Africa, Special Broadcasting Service, and Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Australia, Raidio Teilifis Eireann in Ireland, Public Broadcasting Corporation of Jamaica in Jamaica, Senal Colombia in Colombia, TVNZ in the New Zealand, Qatar Television, and Al Jazeera in the Qatar, Russia-1, and Channel One in the Russia, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in Canada, and Channel 4, and British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom.
Logos
Related pages
Public broadcasting
Korean Broadcasting System
Television networks
Belgian Americans

Belgian Americans are Americans who can trace their ancestry to immigrants from Belgium who emigrated to the United States. While the first natives of the then-Southern Netherlands arrived in America in the 17th century, most of the Belgian immigrants arrived during the 19th and 20th centuries.
References
Ethnic groups in the United States
Tsutomu Matsuda

Tsutomu Matsuda (born 5 October 1983) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2006||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||4||0||6||0
|-
|2007||Gifu||Football League||11||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2008||Kariya||Football League||33||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||0
46||0||2||1||4||0||52||1
46||0||2||1||4||0||52||1
|}
References
jsgoal
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Aichi Prefecture
Atsushi Matsuura

Atsushi Matsuura (born 28 December 1981) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||2||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||0||0
2||0||0||0||2||0
2||0||0||0||2||0
|}
References
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Aichi Prefecture
Lake Point Tower

Lake Point Tower is a high-rise residential building located on the shore of Lake Michigan in downtown Chicago, just north of the Chicago River at 505 North Lake Shore Drive. It is in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. The building is also the only skyscraper in downtown Chicago east of Lake Shore Drive. It is 645 ft (197 m) tall.
References
Other websites
Lake Point Tower website
Emporis listing
Skyscrapers in Chicago
1968 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Illinois
Neethane Enthan Ponvasantham

Neethane Enthan Ponvasantham () is a 2020 Indian Tamil-language love and romance drama on Zee Tamil and it stars Jai Akash and Dharshana Ashokan are the main leads with Sonia, Sairam, Sathyapriya, Nivashini Divya and David Soloman plays supporting roles. This series is an official remake of the Marathi show, Tula Pahate Re.
This series started from 24 February 2020 on Everyday at 7:30PM (IST) time slot. The story is mainly about the love and relationship of Suryapraksh (Surya) and Anu.
Synopsis
A 40-year-old business tycoon, Suryaprakash "Surya" (Jai Akash) falls in love with a 20-year-old middle-class woman, Anu (Dharshana). Anu's life changes after she enters Surya's life.
Cast
Main cast
Jai Akash as Suryaprakash
Dharshana Ashokan as Anu
Recurring cast
David Solomon Raja as Pankaj (Suryaprakash's secretary)
Nivashini Divya as Meera (Suryaprakash's PA)
Sonia as Pushpavalli (Anu's mother)
Sairam as Subramaniam 'Subbu' (Anu's father)
Sathyapriya as Sharadha (Suryaprakash and Chandraprakash's mother)
Subiksha as Mansi (Chandrapraksh's wife)
Karthik Sasidharan as Chandraprakash (Suryaprakash's brother)
Rishmitha as Ramya (Anu's friend)
Pavithra as Shreya (Office employee)
Raja Verti Prabhu as Office employee
Production
Jai Akash and debutante Dharshana, a doctor, play the lead roles in the television series. The series marks the television debut for Akash and Dharshana. Akash, who is busy shooting for films, has allotted 15 days every month for the series.
Adaptations
International broadcast
The series was released on 4 November 2019 on Zee Tamil. The show was also broadcast internationally on the network's international channels.
It airs in Sri Lanka, Singapore, the United States, Europe, Malaysia, Mauritius, the Middle East, Africa, East Asia, South Africa, Australasia and North America on Zee Tamil and Zee Tamil HD.
Episodes can be viewed with the app OZEE and ZEE5.
It is also available via Internet TV services Lebara and YuppTV.
References
Other websites
Zee Tamizh Official website
Zee Tamil Programming
Tamil-language television series
2020 Indian television series debuts
Hybrid drive

A hybrid drive, also known as a hybrid hard drive (HHD) or solid-state hybrid drive (SSHD), is a type of large-capacity computer storage device that combines features of both hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs).
The hybrid drive integrates these two technologies with the aim to offer a balance between speed, capacity, and cost. It uses the SSD component to store frequently accessed data and the operating system, providing faster boot times and quicker data access for those files. The HDD component, meanwhile, is used for storing less frequently accessed data.
By intelligently managing data between the SSD and HDD portions, a hybrid drive can offer much of the speed of an SSD while retaining the large storage capacity and cost-effectiveness of an HDD. However, it's important to note that the performance of a hybrid drive would still be less than that of a pure SSD.
Structure of a typical hybrid drive
SSD portion: This is typically a smaller portion of the drive and is used to store frequently accessed data (like operating system files and most-used applications), leveraging the high-speed nature of SSD technology.
HDD portion: This larger portion of the drive is used for general data storage, taking advantage of the high capacity and lower cost per gigabyte of traditional hard drives.
References
Computer hardware
Kenyon College

Kenyon College is a private liberal arts college in Gambier, Ohio. It was founded in 1824 by Philander Chase.
People
Notable alumni of Kenyon College include:
U.S. Supreme Court Justices David Davis (1832), and Stanley Matthews (1840).
U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton (1834)
Abolitionist and women's rights activist John Celivergos Zachos (1840)
U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes (1842)
Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Robert Lowell (1940)
Novelist and short-story writer Peter Taylor (1940)
National Book Award-winning novelist William H. Gass (1947)
Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme (1948)
Actor Paul Newman (1949)
Comedian Jonathan Winters (attended, 1950)
Award-winning writer E.L. Doctorow (1952)
Pulitzer Prize-winning poet James Arlington Wright (1952)
Molecular biologist Harvey Lodish (1962)
Architect Graham Gund (1963)
Cartoonist and Zits co-creator Jim Borgman (1976)
Cartoonist and Calvin and Hobbes creator Bill Watterson (1980)
References
Five Colleges of Ohio
1824 establishments in Ohio
Mayday Parade

Mayday Parade is an American emo band. Its band members are Derek Sanders, Jeremy Lenzo, Alex Garcia, Brooks Betts, and Jake Bundrick. The band was created in Tallahassee, Florida. It was signed to Fearless Records from 2006 until 2009, when they signed to Atlantic Records.
Discography
Studio albums
EPs
Compilation appearances
Punk Goes Acoustic 2 with "Three Cheers for Five Years" (Acoustic)
Warped Tour 2007 Tour Compilation with "Black Cat"
Warped Tour 2008 Tour Compilation with "Jamie All Over"
LBM Music Compilation Vol. 3 (Fall Edition) with "Jamie All Over"
Punk Goes Pop 2 with the song "When I Grow Up" by Pussycat Dolls
References
Other websites
Mayday Parade at MySpace
American rock bands
American punk bands
emo bands
Musical groups from Florida
People from Tallahassee, Florida
2000s American music groups
Grant Munro

Grant Munro (April 25, 1923 - December 9, 2017) was a Canadian animator, filmmaker and actor. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
In 1952, he starred with Jean-Paul Ladouceur in Norman McLaren's Neighbours. He worked on the movies Two Bagatelles (1953), Seven Surprizes (1963), Christmas Cracker (1963) and Canon (1964).
His movie, Christmas Cracker, was nominated for an Academy Award in 1962.
Munro died of an illness in Montreal, Quebec on December 9, 2017 at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
Watch films by Grant Munro at NFB web site
Making Movie History: Grant Munro (interview)
1923 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Canada
Canadian filmmakers
Canadian movie actors
Canadian animators
Actors from Winnipeg
Kaohsiung

Kaohsiung City (Traditional Chinese: Gao Xiong Shi , Hanyu Pinyin: Gaoxiong, Tongyong Pinyin: Gaosyong, POJ: Ko-hiong; coordinates 22deg38'N, 120deg16'E) is the third largest city of Taiwan, after New Taipei City and Taichung City, and the main city in Southern Taiwan.
History
In 2014, 32 people were killed by a series of explosions. In 2021, 46 people were killed in a fire.
Subdivisions
Kaohsiung is divided originally into 11 districts, after the administrative division's adjustment in 2010, the subdivisions of Kaohsiung has increased to 38 districts, most of them are added from the former county of Kaohsiung.
Two islands in the South China Sea are governed by Kaohsiung City and is a part of Cijin District:
Taiping (island) (Tai Ping Dao )
Dongsha Islands or Pratas Islands (Dong Sha Qun Dao )
Related pages
List of counties of Republic of China
Taipei City (The largest city in Taiwan)
Keelung City
Cities in Taiwan
Ports and harbours of Taiwan
South Sudan Oyee!

"South Sudan Oyee!" (; "South Sudan Hurrah!") is the national anthem of South Sudan.
Lyrics
Oh God
We praise and glorify You
For Your grace on South Sudan
Land of great abundance
Uphold us united in peace and harmony.
Oh Motherland
We rise raising flag with the guiding star
And singing songs of freedom with joy;
For justice, liberty and prosperity
Shall forever more reign!
Oh great patriots
Let us stand up in silence and respect,
Saluting our martyrs whose blood
Cemented our national foundation,
We vow to protect our nation.
Oh God, bless South Sudan!
References
African anthems
South Sudan
Holzheim, Dillingen

Holzheim () is a municipality in the district of Dillingen in Bavaria. Until its demolition in 1811, Fultenbach Abbey stood in the town.
References
Dillingen (district)
Peter Montgomery (mathematician)

Peter Lawrence Montgomery (September 25, 1947 - February 18, 2020) was an American mathematician. He was born in San Francisco, California. He widely published in the more mathematical area in the field of cryptography. He was a researcher in the cryptography group at Microsoft Research. In 1992, he was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles for his work to elliptic curve method of factorization.
Montgomery died in Thailand on February 18, 2020. He was 72.
References
Other websites
1947 births
2020 deaths
American mathematicians
Microsoft
Scientists from San Francisco
Moudud Ahmed

Moudud Ahmed (May 24, 1940 - March 16, 2021) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was a member of the Jatiya Sangsad between 1979 until 1982, 1986 until 1996 and 2001 until 2006.
Ahmed was the Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1988 to 1989 as part of General Ershad's Jatiyo's party. He was also the Minister of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs as part of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) of Begum Khaleda Zia's term between 2001 and 2006. In 2010 he became one of the leaders of the BNP.
From 1989 until 1990, Ahmed was Vice President of Bangladesh during the final year of Hussain Muhammad Ershad presidency.
Ahmed was hospitalized for lung congestion and kidney problems in Singapore on February 1, 2021. He died a month later on March 16, at the age of 80.
References
1940 births
Prime Ministers of Bangladesh
Bangladeshi Muslims
Vice presidents
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from renal failure
2021 deaths
Luisinho (footballer, born 1911)

Luis Mesquita de Oliveira, best known as Luisinho, (29 March 1911, in Rio de Janeiro - 27 December 1983, in Sao Paulo) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.He was son of Ernesto Luiz de Oliveira and Cecilia Mesquita de Oliveira, and was the fifth of seven brothers and one sister. One brother, Carlos, was football player, but for short time, because become a doctor. Luiz Mesquita de Oliveira was a lawyer for many years for the Sao Paulo government
References
1911 births
1983 deaths
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro
Abraham Benrubi

Abraham Rubibin Hercules Benrubi (born October 4, 1969) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Jerry Markovic in the long-running medical television drama ER, as Larry Kubiac on Parker Lewis Can't Lose, Dennis in Without a Paddle and for his voice acting on the Adult Swim claymation series Robot Chicken. He has aslo been the voices of characters in many video games including many in the World of Warcraft series.
Other websites
at AllMovie
1969 births
Living people
Actors from Indianapolis
American voice actors
American television actors
American movie actors
American video game actors
Casper Platt

Casper Platt (June 6, 1892 - September 16, 1965) was a United States federal judge.
Born in Danville, Illinois, Platt received a B.A. from the University of Illinois in 1914 and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School in 1916. He was in private practice in Danville, Illinois from 1916 to 1917. He was in the United States Army during World War I, from 1917 to 1918. After the war, he returned to private practice in Danville until 1933, also working as a city attorney for Danville from 1927 to 1928. He was a judge on the Fifth Circuit Court of Illinois from 1933 to 1949.
On September 15, 1949, President Harry S Truman nominated Platt to be a judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois. Platt was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 12, 1949, and received his commission on October 13, 1949. He served as chief judge from 1956 until his death in 1965.
The University of Chicago Law School named the Casper Platt Award for the best student paper in his honor. Danville Area Community College also named a scholarship after him.
References
Sources
1892 births
1965 deaths
American judges
American people of World War II
People from Danville, Illinois
William H. Donaldson

William Henry Donaldson (born June 2, 1931) is an American politician. He was the 27th Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), serving from February 2003 to June 2005.
Donaldson served as Under Secretary of State for International Security Affairs in the Nixon Administration. He was a special adviser to Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, chairman and CEO of the New York Stock Exchange, and chairman, President and CEO of Aetna. Donaldson founded Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
References
1931 births
Living people
Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Yale University alumni
Politicians from Buffalo, New York
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Rotavirus

Rotavirus is a virus that causes diarrhoea. Most of the time only children who are younger than five years old get the disease. The signs of the disease are severe diarrhoea and vomiting, which start suddenly and last for two or three days. Rotavirus also causes diarrhoea in animals. A vaccine, which prevents children from getting the disease is available in many countries.
Like most viruses, rotaviruses are made from RNA and protein. The RNA carries the genes that are used to make more rotaviruses. They are called rotaviruses because they sometimes look like little wheels and "rota" is the latin word for "wheel". Rotaviruses get into the body through the mouth and are not present in the air unlike the viruses that cause colds. The disease is often spread by dirty hands and things used for cooking, but the viruses can dirty water. Rotaviruses are very small. They are a lot smaller than bacteria and can only be seen using an electron microscope.
Children who have not been vaccinated usually get infected more than once. But when children are about five years old they are usually immune and cannot get it any more. This is because their bodies have become resistant to the viruses.
Rotaviruses infect the cells that the small intestine is made from. This makes it difficult for the body to digest food. Children usually make a complete recovery from the infection. But it is very important to make sure they drink enough water to replace what they are losing. In many countries the medicine used is called "oral rehydration solution". This comes in a small packet that is added to drinking water. It contains salt and sugar, which helps the body take up the water.
Rotaviruses were discovered in the 1970s. Since then doctors and scientists have shown that they are a problem to children all over the world. More than 500,000 children die from rotavirus infection each year and almost two million more become severely ill. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation are helping to pay for rotavirus vaccines in countries that cannot afford to buy them. Between 2006 and 2011 it gave more than 82 million US dollars.
References
Other websites
Preventing gastroenteritis in children, National Health Service, UK
Diseases caused by viruses
Viruses
Louise Currie

Louise Currie (born Louise Gunter; April 7, 1913 - September 8, 2013) was an American movie actress. She was active from 1940 until her retirement in 1997.
Currie was born on April 7, 1913 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. She studied at Martha Washington Seminary and at Sarah Lawrence College. Currie was married to John Whitney until they divorced. Then she was married to John Good from 1948 until his death in 1996. Then she was married to Grover Asmus from 2002 until his death in 2003.
References
Other websites
1913 births
2013 deaths
American centenarians
American silent movie actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Actors from Oklahoma City
Actors from Beverly Hills, California
Performing music from memory

Performing music from memory means knowing a piece of music well enough to be able to play or sing it without the written music.
Although some people can learn music by ear, most people who are taught to play musical instruments learn new pieces by reading the printed music which is in front of them on a music stand. When someone has learned to play a piece of music well enough to perform it, it is good if they can learn to play it without the printed music. This is called "playing from memory" or "playing by heart". When a musician is practising a piece of music so that it can be played from memory this is called memorizing the music.
Most Classical musicians will agree that it is good to play from memory when performing as a soloist. It means that the player understands the music really well, and he is able to concentrate completely on the way he plays the music (the interpretation). In some music competitions the competitors are expected to play from memory. A pianist playing a recital will usually play everything from memory. It is particularly important for singers who are performing songs (Lieder) to sing without music because they can then communicate directly with the audience using the expression on their faces. Some conductors conduct from memory. If they do, they ought to know every single note for every single instrument from memory. There are some conductors who have such amazing memories that they can do this.
Some people find it easier to memorize music than others. There are different ways of practising to help memorize music: by memorizing a few bars at a time, by studying the printed music away from the instrument, or by "thinking" through the piece away from the instrument.
Some people have a "photographic memory" and can see in their mind the music as printed on the paper. Some people rely on aural memory (hearing it in one's imagination). There is also muscular memory (the fingers "knowing" what to do). Probably most people use some combination of all these methods.
When people perform from memory they are often worried that they might have a memory lapse (forget how the music goes). It can happen, of course, even to the greatest musicians. The famous violinist Bronislaw Huberman and the pianist Eugen d'Albert were once performing Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata. Both were playing from memory. One of them kept going wrong in the same place, playing something that had happened earlier, so that they played the middle bit three times before eventually managing to finish the piece. However, this is quite common, and can happen to anyone.
People who learn musical instruments should try to memorize some of their pieces. Many famous musicians have a large repertoire (a collection) of pieces that they can play from memory.
Sources
"Pianoforte Diplomas" by Geoffrey Tankard (Sevenoaks 1973)
Musical performance techniques
Bob Oatley

Robert Ian "Bob" Oatley (11 June 1928 - 10 January 2016) was an Australian businessman, winemaker and yachtsman. He was perhaps best known for owning the Sydney to Hobart-winning yacht Wild Oats XI. He bought Hamilton Island, Queensland in 2003 for $200 million. He was also responsible for the Rosemount winery, which he founded in 1969.
Oatley was born in Mosman, Sydney, New South Wales. He was married with three children. His granddaughter is equestrian Lyndal Oatley.
Oatley died after an illness on 10 January 2016 in Sydney, aged 87.
References
Other websites
1928 births
2016 deaths
Australian businesspeople
Australian billionaires
Disease-related deaths in New South Wales
Order of Australia
People from Sydney
Waikhom

Waikhom is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
References
Meitei surnames
Ilya Prigogine

Ilya Prigogine (25 January 1917 - 28 May 2003) was a Belgian physical chemist of Russian Jewish descent. He won the 1977 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
Prigogine studied chemistry at the Free University of Brussels. In 1950 he became a professor there. In 1959 he started teaching at the University of Texas at Austin in the United States.
Prigogine was married to Belgian poet Helene Jofe. After their divorce, he married Polish-born chemist Maria Prokopowicz in 1961.
Related pages
List of Nobel Prize winners by country
References
1917 births
2003 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian chemists
Belgian Jews
Belgian Nobel Prize winners
Belgian physicists
Jewish academics
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish scientists
Tomihiko Morimi

is a Japanese writer. He is from Nara Prefecture. He graduated from Kyoto University. The setting of almost all his works is Kyoto.
Book titles
Taiyou no tou (2003)
Yojohan Shinwa Taikei (2004)
Sweet Blue Age (2006)
Yoru ha mijikashi arukeyo otome (2006)
Other websites
Tomihiko's official blog
Yoru ha mijikashi arukeyo otome - Kadokawa bookstore
Japanese writers
1979 births
Living people
People from Nara Prefecture
Contradictions Collapse

Contradictions Collapse is the first album by Swedish heavy metal band Meshuggah. The album was released on May 1, 1991 by the band's record label, Nuclear Blast. The album was first named (All This Because of) Greed, but the band changed it before it was released. It was released again as a compact disc in 1998.
Track listing
References
1991 albums
Meshuggah albums
Nuclear Blast albums
Rosemary Leach

Rosemary Leach (18 December 1935 - 21 October 2017) was an English stage, television and movie actress.
Leach won the 1982 Olivier Award for Best Actress in a New Play for 84, Charing Cross Road and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her roles in the movies That'll Be the Day (1973) and A Room with a View (1986).
She appeared in several TV mini-series' including Germinal (1970), The Jewel in the Crown (1984), The Charmer (1987), The Buccaneers (1995) and Berkeley Square (1998) and had a recurring role on the sitcom My Family (2003-07).
References
Other websites
Rosemary Leach(Aveleyman)
1935 births
2017 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
Cowlitz River

Cowlitz River is a river in the state of Washington in the United States. The river is a tributary of the larger Columbia River. There are several mountains near the river including Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, and Mount Adams.
Other websites
USGS Cowlitz River Basin map
Cowlitz Falls Project
http://www.energy-northwest.com/generation/packwood
Rivers of Washington (state)
Kiryat Matlon

Kiryat Matlon is an old residential neighborhood in Petah Tikva. They have rural construction in the western part. There is a high-tech industrial area in the eastern part. The neighborhood is near the Geha intersection, south of the Jabotinsky axis, north of Givat Shmuel and the Kfar Ganim neighborhood, and west of Derech Rabin and the Neve Oz neighborhood.
History
Kiryat Matlon was established by the Matlon family who purchased the land from Baron Menashe. The Matlon family employed the Pinchas family to manage the orchard from the beginning of the 1930s to the end of the 1940s, also in this year private houses were built which were sold to any citizen who wished to live in Kiryat Matlon. The orchard that the Pinhas family managed had a private well that supplied water to the orchard and later, when the orchard was uprooted and private houses were built by the Matlon family, the well provided water to the residents of the neighborhood and to the house of the Pinhas family until the end of 1976, after which the ownership of the well was transferred to the Municipality of Pat along with the house that The Pinchas family lived there, which is still called "Beit HaBaer" to this day.
The opening of Em HaMoshavot Bridge led to great interest in living in the neighborhood and in the second decade of the 21st century, the reconstruction of detached houses began there.
Industrial zone
The industrial area was named after the residential neighborhood in Petah Tikva that lies to the west of it. It was named after Moshe Matlon, who was one of its founders. Another name of the industrial area is "Ramat Siv", due to the number of fiber factories that were located there in the past. For the same reason, one of the main streets in the industrial area is called "HaSivim". The area was established in the second half of the 40s of the 20th century at the initiative of the Association of Industrialists in Israel .
The industrial zone covers an area of about 2,000 dunams and about 800 companies and businesses operate there. This industrial zone is the third in scope in Petah Tikva, after Kiryat Aryeh and Segulah.
Among the companies operating in Kiryat Matlon are AIG, Bezeq International, 012, ECI, Porsche Israel and Strauss Group, Teva.
An entertainment complex has recently developed in Kiryat Matlon and many pubs, cafes and restaurants have opened there. The heart of the complex is in the east of the industrial area, in "Yachin Center", which is the center of a large number of cafes and restaurants.
References
Coordinates on Wikidata
Petah Tikva
Scott Wilson (actor)

Scott Wilson (born William Delano Wilson; March 29, 1942 - October 6, 2018) was an American actor of television and movies. He was known for his roles in In the Heat of the Night, In Cold Blood, The Great Gatsby, Dead Man Walking, Pearl Harbor, and Junebug.
Wilson was born on March 29, 1942 in Thomasville, Georgia. He married Heavenly Wilson in 1977. Wilson died of complications from leukemia on October 6, 2018 in Los Angeles, California, aged 76.
References
Other websites
1942 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Atlanta
Caix

Caix is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Bendigo, Victoria

Bendigo is a city in central Victoria, Australia. There are about 86,000 people in Bendigo. It is the fourth biggest city in Victoria after Melbourne, Geelong and Ballarat. The city area is and has the towns Bendigo, Marong, Lockwood, Lockwood South, Ravenswood, Sebastian, Elmore, Heathcote, Maiden Gully, Lake Eppalock, Axedale, Goornong, Raywood and Huntly, all together, there are 100,000 people living there.
Strathfieldsaye
Strathfieldsaye is a small suburb in Bendigo. It takes its name from Stratfield Saye House, which was awarded to the Duke of Wellington after his defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. In the 2011 census, Strathfieldsaye had a population of 4,648.
Cities in Victoria
Southern Carpathians

The Southern Carpathians (), also called the Transylvanian Alps, are a group of mountain ranges. They divide central and southern Romania, on one side, and Serbia, on the other side. They cover part of the Carpathian Mountains that is between the Prahova River in the east and the Timis and Cerna rivers in the west. To the south they are bounded by the Balkan mountain range of Serbia.
Mountain ranges of the Carpathians
Mountains of Romania
Geography of Serbia
Cross-polarization

Cross-polarization is originally called Proton Enhanced Nuclear Induction Spectroscopy (PENIS). It is a technique used for high resolution NMR of Dilute spins in solids.
References
Spectroscopy
Nuclear physics
Zell, Upper Palatinate

Zell is a municipality in the district of Cham in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Cham (district)
Rade, Steinburg

Rade is a municipality of the district Steinburg in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
Steinburg (district)
Sabu Raijua Regency

Sabu Raijua Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara.
Regencies_of_East_Nusa_Tenggara
Tasman Bay

Tasman Bay is a large bay at the north of New Zealand's South Island. It is in the shape of a V. It is in the middle of the island's northern coast. It is 120 km long and 70 km wide. It is a part of the coast of the Tasman Sea, on the western side of the Cook Strait.
At the western side of the bay, the land around has dense vegetation. The separation point between the Tasman Bay and the next bay, Golden Bay, is in the west. It is a part of the Abel Tasman National Park. On the east side, the bay is bounded by valleys of the Marlborough Sounds.
A few rivers enter the sea at this point. Some of them are Waimea River, Riwaka, the Motueka and Serpentine River. Tasman Bay contains the rare rock formation known as the Boulder Bank.
The land around the centre of the bay is cultivated. It is well known for its crops like apples, kiwifruit, olives, grapes and hops. Tasman bay produced Tobacco there in the middle of the twentieth century. Now there is a Tobacco museum in Motueka. This is also the most populated part of the South Island's north coast. Several towns and the city of Nelson are there. Other large towns are Motueka, Riwaka and Richmond.
Bays
Bodies of water of New Zealand
Tasman District
Stade de Reims

Stade de Reims is a football club which plays in France.
Name
1911-1931 S.S. Parc Pommery
1931-1991 Stade de Reims
1991-1992 Stade de Reims Champagne F.C.
1992-1999 Stade de Reims Champagne
1999-present Stade de Reims
League title
Division 1 : 6
1948/49, 1952/53, 1954/55, 1957/58, 1959/60, 1961/62
League position
Former position
French football clubs
Reims
1911 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in France
Bitdefender

Bitdefender is a multinational Romanian cybersecurity and anti-virus software company. It was created on 6 November 2001 by Florin Talpes who is currently the chief executive officer of the company. Bitdefender creates and sells cybersecurity products and services.
In 2018, the software had about 500 million users worldwide.
References
Other websites
Official website
2000s establishments in Romania
2001 establishments in Europe
Technology companies of Europe
Bucharest
When (Shania Twain song)

"When" is a 1998 song by country singer Shania Twain. It is from her third studio album Come On Over. It went to number 12 in Belgium, number 14 in Canada and number 18 in the United Kingdom and Scotland. It did not chart in the United Kingdom.
Track listing
UK CD single
"When" (International Radio Edit) - 3:28
"Don't Be Stupid (You Know I Love You)" (International LP Version) - 3:34
"That Don't Impress Me Much" (International LP Version) - 3:38
UK CD Single Limited Edition
"When" (International Radio Edit) - 3:28
"You're Still the One" (Soul Solution Radio Edit) - 4:08
"You're Still The One" (Soul Solution Extended Club Mix) - 8:42
"Don't Be Stupid (You Know I Love You)" (International LP Version) - 3:37
Europe CD single
"When" (International Radio Edit) - 3:28
"You're Still The One" (Soul Solution Dance - Radio Edit) - 4:03
Japan CD single (3 Inch)
"When" - 3:39
"Don't Be Stupid (You Know I Love You)" - 3:34
"That Don't Impress Me Much" - 3:38
References
1998 songs
Shania Twain songs