pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Makalani

Makalani is the name given to a certain palm tree, growing in northern Namibia (Southern Africa). The local Owambo people call a full grown palm tree "Omulunga" and a sapling "Oshivale." These palm trees grow very high and it takes many years for a Makalani sapling to grow into a full-grown tree.
The seeds look like small coconuts, and the local people, the Owambos and Himbas, peel the outer ginger looking skin and carve the inner hard core to certain objects of art. The inner core is white with a dark brown skin, the size of a golf ball, and it is hollow inside. The Makalani fruit (Ondunga/Onduga)is very useful to the local people. It can be eaten and can also be used to brew Ombike/Owalende: the Oshiwambo brew that looks and taste similar to Whiskey.
There are now also some hotels, restaurants, and guesthouses which have adopted the name Makalani (in Namibia). These include Makalani Sugar processors, Makalani Holdings and Makalani Airtime Distributors.
Arecaceae
Trees
Pinkerton (detective agency)

Pinkerton, founded as the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, is a private security guard and detective agency created in the United States by Scottish-American spy Allan Pinkerton in 1850. It is a part of Securitas AB.
Pinkerton became famous when he claimed to have stopped a plot to assassinate president-elect Abraham Lincoln, who later hired Pinkerton agents for his personal security during the Civil War. Pinkerton's agents performed services ranging from security guarding to private military contracting work.
The Pinkerton National Detective Agency hired women and minorities from its founding. Pinkerton was the largest private law enforcement organization in the world at the height of its power.
References
1850 establishments in the United States
Chicago
Machida, Tokyo

is a Japanese city in the western part of the greater metropolis of Tokyo, Japan. It is in the Tsurumigawa River basin.
History
The city was founded on February 1, 1958.
Before 1965, Machida was a group of farm villages near Tokyo.
Related pages
F.C. Machida Zelvia
Oberlin University
References
Other websites
Cities in Tokyo Prefecture
1958 establishments in Asia
1950s establishments in Japan
Jeet Gayi Toh Piya Morey

Jeet Gayi Toh Piya Morey is an Indian Hindi romantic drama television series that premiered on 21 August 2017 and airs on Zee TV. The series is produced by Jay Production. It stars Krip Kapur Suri and Yesha Raghuni in lead roles.
2017 Indian television series debuts
Ed Gomes

Edwin A. Gomes (February 25, 1936 - December 22, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Connecticut State Senate from 2015 until 2019. Before that, he was a member of the state senate from November 2005 to January 2013. Gomes was a member of the Democratic Party. Gomes was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts.
Gomes died on December 22, 2020 in Bridgeport, Connecticut from injuries caused by a car crash, aged 84.
References
1936 births
2020 deaths
Road accident deaths in the United States
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Massachusetts
Politicians from Connecticut
People from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
One (U2 song)

"One" is a rock ballad from the Irish rock group U2. The song is about breakups and wanting to stay together. It is the third song from their studio album Achtung Baby. It was released in March 1992 as the album's third single.
"One" was released as a charity benefit single. Profits from the song went to AIDS research. The song reached the top of the Irish Singles Charts, the U.S. Billboard Album Rock Tracks and Modern Rock Tracks. The song hit #10 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The song has been redone by many artists, like Adam Lambert, Damien Rice and Johnny Cash.
Track listings
The song has various track listings.
References
Rock ballads
1992 songs
1990s ballads
U2 songs
Johnny Cash songs
Adam Lambert songs
Mary J. Blige songs
Joe Cocker songs
Pearl Jam songs
R.E.M. songs
Mica Paris songs
Raúl Ruiz (director)

Raul Ernesto Ruiz Pino (25 July 1941 - 19 August 2011) was an experimental Chilean movie maker, writer and teacher. His work is best known in France. He directed over 100 films.
References
Other websites
Time magazine obituary (2011) by Richard Corliss
1941 births
2011 deaths
People from Puerto Montt
Chilean movie directors
Chilean screenwriters
Hicksville, New York

Hicksville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) within the town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, New York, United States, on Long Island. The population of the CDP was 41,547 at the 2010 census.
References
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Hamlets in New York (state)
Nina Ivanova

Nina Ivanova (6 January 1934 - 1 December 2020) was a Russian-Soviet actress. She was born in Moscow. Ivanova's career began in 1944. Her best known roles were in Once There Was a Girl (1944), Spring on Zarechnaya Street (1956), An Easy Life (1964) and There Is Such a Lad (1964).
Ivanova died on 1 December 2020 in Moscow at the age of 86.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2020 deaths
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Russian stage actors
Actors from Moscow
Hell in a Cell (2013)

Hell in a Cell (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 27, 2013 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. It was the fifth yearly event with the "Hell in a Cell" name.
Matches
References
Other websites
Official Hell in a Cell 2013 website
2013 in professional wrestling
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
Sports in Miami
2013 in the United States
2010s in Miami
The Miserable Mill

The Miserable Mill is a book by Lemony Snicket. It is the fourth book in a series called A Series of Unfortunate Events.
Plot summary
Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire go by train to Paltryville to meet their new guardian at the Lucky Smells Lumbermill. When they arrive there, they find that it's a very boring place and that rather than being cared for by their new guardian, Sir, they must work in his sawmill with his mistraught and underpayed employees. After breaking his glasses, Klaus is sent to the optometrist (eye doctor) Dr. Orwell. He becomes hypnotized by Dr. Orwell, and causes an "accident." Sir therefore threatens that if they cause any more accidents they will be sent to live with Shirley, who is really Count Olaf in disguise. Olaf's plans fail, because Violet learns the word that undoes Klaus's hypnosis. In the end, the Baudelaire orphans must go to the boarding school Prufrock Prep.
A Series of Unfortunate Events
2000 books
Survivor: Borneo

Survivor: Borneo was the first season of the American reality show Survivor. When it was first being shown, it was simply called Survivor but its official name has been changed to Survivor: Borneo, so viewers can tell which season they are watching. Before the change to Survivor: Borneo, the season was known as Survivor: Pulau Tiga, but it was changed again to its current name so viewers would not get this season confused with the tenth season, Survivor: Palau. The show began filming on March 31, 2000 and ended on April 20, 2000. It was shown later that year on CBS. It was set in the South China Sea on the Malaysian island of Pulau Tiga in the state of Sabah, about off the north coast of Borneo, Malaysia. The show became available on DVD on May 11, 2004.
At the beginning, the sixteen players were divided into two tribes, an orange tribe, Tagi, and a yellow tribe, Pagong, which the producers named after their beaches. When ten players were left, the two tribes merged, becoming one tribe. Players Sean Keniff and Jenna Lewis named the new tribe "Rattana". After 39 days of playing, Richard Hatch was named the Sole Survivor, winning against Kelly Wiglesworth in a 4-3 jury vote. In 2006, it was revealed that Hatch did not declare his winnings, among other earnings, in his tax return and was sentenced to 51 months in prison.
The Survivor: Borneo finale (last episode) got the highest ratings of any Survivor episode to date. Richard Hatch, Jenna Lewis, Rudy Boesch, Susan Hawk and Colleen Haskell were asked to return in the eighth season of Survivor, Survivor: All-Stars. Haskell was the only one who did not return, while Hatch, Lewis, Boesch and Hawk placed 14th, 3rd, 17th and 13th.
Players
The game had sixteen players, divided into two tribes, Pagong and Tagi. After six players were voted off, the tribes were combined, or merged, to make one tribe, Rattana. Seven players made up the jury, who chose who would win the game, and the $1 million prize.
Episodes
Voting history
References
Notes
The Total Votes is the number of votes a player got during Tribal Councils where the player is able to be voted out of the game. It does not count the votes they got during the final Tribal Council.
If more than one tribe or player wins reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically if it was teamwork, or if one player won and invited others, the players they invited are in brackets.
The first challenge was a combined reward/immunity challenge. The winning team got immunity and waterproof matches.
Sometime between day four and six, a reward challenge took place that was not shown on TV. The challenge involved holding weight on poles. Richard held the weight for Tagi, as Joel for Pagong. The reward was a map to a closer water hole.
The final four vote was tied with Richard and Sue each getting two votes. In the tie-breaker vote, Rudy voted for Sue again while Kelly changed her vote from Richard to Sue.
There was no reward challenge because of the tribal merge.
Richard and Susan were not able to vote in the second Tribal Council vote.
General
Specific
Other websites
Official CBS Survivor Borneo Website
01
Gampelen

Gampelen () is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is not be confused with the municipality Gampel in the canton of Valais.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Bern
Rod Gilbert

Rodrigue Gabriel Gilbert (July 1, 1941August 22, 2021) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. He played his entire career for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1960 until 1978. He played right wing on the GAG line. He was honored into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1982. He was the first player in Rangers history to have his number retired. Gilbert was born in Montreal, Quebec.
Gilbert died on August 22, 2021 in New York City, aged 80.
References
Other websites
Rod Gilbert's official web site
1941 births
2021 deaths
New York Rangers players
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Sportspeople from Montreal
Kim Sun-hye

Kim Sun-hye (gimsunhyi, born 1 January 1977) is a North Korean women's former international footballer who played as a defender and later also as an attacker. She is a former member of the North Korea women's national football team. She later became an international referee.
When Kim was eleven years old she attended the Taedonggang District Youth Physical Education School in Pyongyang. A few years later she learned about football. She became a member of the national team in 1991 and represented the country in over 60 matches. She won the silver medal at the 1998 Asian Games, the silver medal at borh the 1991 AFC Women's Championship and 1993 AFC Women's Championship and competed at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup and at two Asian Championships.
Kim has been described by the national coach as "one of the top-5 players in the world". Due to this, she received in March 1999 the North Korean honorable title of Merited Athlete. She was further allowed to study at the Chosun University of Sports.
She became an international referee.
At the 23rd Asian Football Federation General Assembly, she was elected as a female member of the Asian Football Federation Executive Committee.
References
1977 births
Living people
North Korean footballers
Female footballers
Icelandic króna

The Icelandic krona (ISK; plural kronur; krona means crown) is the currency used in Iceland. The name "Icelandic crown" is sometimes used instead.
There are currently only 5 banknotes (500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 krona) and 5 coins (1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 krona) in circulation.
History
The Danish krone was introduced to Iceland in 1874. It replaced the earlier Danish currency, the rigsdaler. Iceland began making its own currency in 1885. The Danish krone left Iceland after the collapse of the Scandinavian Monetary Union. Iceland gained it's independence over Denmark in 1918, and the first coins were issued in 1922.
Iceland experienced hyperinflation in 1981. So the currency was revalued. This meant that the 100 old kronur (ISJ) became as valuable as 1 new krona (ISK). The new 500 kronur banknote was also put into circulation the same year. The largest banknote ever issued was a 10,000 kronur. This bill was made after the 2008-11 Icelandic financial crisis.
In 2009, the Althing voted to join the European Union. After the left-wing parties were voted out of office, the negotiation were stopped. Nowadays, most people predict that the krona will remain the Icelandic currency for a long time.
Financial crisis
A major financial crisis hit Iceland from 2008 to 2011. It brought about a collapse of the Icelandic banking sector. The value of the Icelandic krona dropped, and it went down to around 185 ISK per 1 euro. After many of the issues were resolved, the kronur value went up to around 140 ISK per 1 euro. However, the value has not been as high as it was since before the crisis (it was at 82 ISK per 1 euro in mid-2007).
References
Currency of Europe
Iceland
1885 establishments
Establishments in Iceland
Anthony Mason (judge)

Sir Anthony Frank Mason (born 21 April 1925) is an Australian judge. He served as the ninth Chief Justice of Australia, in office from 1987 to 1995. He became a justice of the High Court of Australia in 1972. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales.
References
1925 births
Living people
Chief Justices of Australia
People from Sydney
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Order of Australia
Norrent-Fontes

Norrent-Fontes is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Lolita (1997 movie)

Lolita is a 1997 French-American drama movie. It is set in the late 1940s and early 1950s in the United States. It is about a relationship between a man in his forties and a 14 year old girl named Lolita after he marries her mother. Dominique Swain plays Dolores "Lolita" Haze. Jeremy Irons plays Humbert Humbert. Melanie Griffith plays Charlotte Haze. Frank Langella plays Clare Quilty, who lures Lolita away to perform in pornography.
The film had difficulty finding an American distributor and premiered in Europe before being released in America. The film was eventually picked up in the United States by Showtime, a cable network, before finally being released theatrically by The Samuel Goldwyn Company.
The movie got good reviews from the critics. It did poorly at the box office.
It was the second movie made from the book Lolita.
Cast
Jeremy Irons as Professor Humbert Humbert
Ben Silverstone as young Humbert
Dominique Swain as Dolores "Lolita" Haze
Frank Langella as Clare Quilty
Melanie Griffith as Charlotte Haze
Suzanne Shepherd as Miss Pratt
Keith Reddin as Reverend Piggy
Erin J. Dean as Mona
Joan Glover as Miss LaBone
Ed Grady as Dr. Melinik
Michael Goodwin as Mr. Beale
Angela Paton as Mrs. Holmes
Emma Griffiths-Malin as Annabel Lee
Ronald Pickup as young Humbert's father
Michael Culkin as Mr. Leigh
Annabelle Apsion as Mrs. Leigh
References
Other websites
1997 drama movies
1990s road movies
1990s American drama movies
American road movies
1990s English-language movies
Film noir
French drama movies
Incest in movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Adrian Lyne
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies set in the 1950s
Movies composed by Ennio Morricone
American independent movies
Movies about child sexual abuse
Movies set in Texas
Ryuta Matsushima

Ryuta Matsushima (born 12 November 1980) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Kashima Antlers.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}
References
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Ibaraki Prefecture
Koh Kong province

Koh Kong is a province in Cambodia. The capital city is Khemarak Phoumin.
In the province is Botum Sakor National Park, the largest national park of Cambodia. There is also the Cardamom Mountains and Kirirom National Park.
There are 6 districts and 1 municipality:
Botum Sakor
Khemarak Phoumin Municipality
Kiri Sakor
Koh Kong
Mondol Seima
Srae Ambel
Thma Bang
Provinces of Cambodia
Establishments in Cambodia
1958 establishments in Asia
Jean-Claude Duvalier

Jean-Claude Duvalier (), nicknamed "Bebe Doc" or "Baby Doc" (July 3, 1951 - October 4, 2014) was the President of Haiti from 1971 until his overthrow by a popular uprising in 1986. He succeeded Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, his father, as the ruler of Haiti.
Duvalier died of a heart attack on October 4, 2014, at the age of 63.
References
Other websites
1951 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Former dictators
Presidents of Haiti
Oblinghem

Oblinghem is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Ctenochasma

Ctenochasma (meaning "comb jaw") is a genus of Upper Jurassic pterosaur of the suborder Pterodactyloidea. Their fossilized remains have been found in the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany, and a couple of other sites laid down in the late Jurassic period.
The teeth were a filter-feeding apparatus: the pterosaurs strained out algae or small invertebrates from stagnant tropical waters, as flamingoes do today. This kind of life is mirrored by another pterosaur genus, Pterodaustro, which had an active pumping mechanism to push water through its teeth.
References
Pterosaurs
Himi, Toyama

is a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan.
Geography
Surrounding municipalities
Toyama Prefecture
Takaoka
Ishikawa Prefecture
Hakui
Hodatsushimizu
Nakanoto
Nanao
Demography
According to Japanese census data,
References
Other websites
Official website
Cities in Toyama Prefecture
Hagelstadt

Hagelstadt is a municipality in Regensburg in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Regensburg (district)
Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra

The Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra is an orchestra based in Saint Petersburg in Russia. It is the oldest orchestra in Russia. It has had several changes of name because of the way that Russia has often changed.
The orchestra started in 1882. It was then called the "Imperial Music Choir". It was the orchestra that belonged to the emperor and it played privately for the court of Alexander III of Russia.
By the 1900s it had started to give public performances. Richard Strauss conducted the orchestra in 1912.
After the Russian Revolution the country no longer had a tsar. The town of Saint Petersburg changed its name to Petrograd, so the orchestra's name changed to "State Philharmonic Orchestra of Petrograd". In the 1920s the orchestra began to get money from the state. It was an excellent orchestra and was famous abroad. Guest conductors who conducted the orchestra included Bruno Walter, Ernest Ansermet and Hans Knappertsbusch at this time. Around this time the orchestra changed its name to Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, because the city had changed its name again, this time to "Leningrad".
Evgeny Mravinsky conducted the orchestra for 50 years. They were not allowed to travel abroad, so they were only known outside Russia (the USSR) by their gramophone recordings. Symphony no 8 by Shostakovich was one famous work of which they gave the first performance.
By 1991 Leningrad had changed its name again to Saint Petersburg, so the orchestra was renamed Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra. It is an internationally well-known orchestra. Their conductor today is Yuri Temirkanov.
Chief conductors
Yuri Temirkanov (1988-)
Evgeny Mravinsky (1938-1988)
Fritz Stiedry (1934-1937)
Aleksandr Gauk (1930-1934)
Nikolai Malko (1926-1930)
Valery Berdyaev (1924-1926)
Emil Cooper (1920-1923)
Alexander Khessin (1920)
Serge Koussevitzky (1917-1920)
Hugo Varlikh (1907-1917)
Hermann Fliege (1882-1907)
Other websites
Home page of the Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra
Russian music
Saint Petersburg
Orchestras
Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)

Philip Edward "Brave" Davis QC MP (born 7 June 1951) is a Bahamian politician. In September 2021, he became Prime Minister of the Bahamas. He has been a Member of Parliament for Cat Island, Rum Cay & San Salvador since May 2002. He was Leader of the Opposition from May 2017 to September 2021.
Notes
References
Living people
Prime Ministers of the Bahamas
Current national leaders
1951 births
Jung Jae-sung

Jung Jae-sung (also Chung Jae-sung; Hangul: jeongjaeseong; Hanja: Zheng Zai Cheng ; ; 25 August 1982 - 9 March 2018) was a South Korean professional badminton player.
Jung was born in Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do. He started playing badminton at 7, at his local elementary school. He entered the South Korea national badminton team in 2001.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Jung won a bronze medal.
In 2000, Jung was part of the Korean national junior team competed at the World Junior Championships in Guangzhou, China, and Asian Junior Championships in Kyoto, Japan. In Guangzhou, he won the mixed team bronze after his team lose 2-3 to China, and in Kyoto, he won the boys'doubles silver and boys' team bronze.
Jung died of a heart attack on 9 March 2018 in Seoul at the age of 35.
References
Other websites
Badzine Player's Database
1982 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
South Korean sportspeople
Badminton players
South Korean Olympic bronze medalists
Surreal humour

Surreal humor (or surreal humour) is a form of humor. It wants to be funny by going against causal reasoning. This causes the humor to be illogical, and the humor is created by irrational or absurd situations, or scenes which do not make any sense. The phenomenon is also called surreal comedy, absurdist humor, or absurdist comedy.
Surreal humor was made using surrealism, an art movement of the 20th century. French and Belgian artists started it. They depicted illogical scenes while creating methods to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. The movement itself was foreshadowed by English writers in the 19th century, most notably Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear. The humor in surreal comedy comes from performing in a manner that contradicts audience expectations, emphasizing the silliness and low chances of the situation occurring, so that the humor is created from uncertainty that is separate from a logical analysis of the situation.
Surreal humor in theater is usually about the insensitivity, paradox, absurdity, and cruelty of the modern world. Absurd and surrealist cinema often deals with elements of dark humor: disturbing or sinister subjects like death, disease, or warfare are treated with amusement and bitterness, creating the appearance of an intention to shock and offend.
References
Humor
Nova Friburgo tree frog

The Nova Friburgo tree frog (Dendropsophus microps) is a frog that lives in Brazil.
References
Frogs of South America
Registan Desert

The Registan Desert, also known as Rigestan Desert, is a desert in Afghanistan. It is between Helmand and Kandahar provinces in southwestern Afghanistan. It is a sandy desert with small, red sandhills about high, plains that are covered with sand, and open rocky and clay areas. There are a few Baluchi and Pashtun nomads there. The desert is starting to go over surrounding agricultural areas.
References
Geography of Afghanistan
Deserts of Asia
Mesnil-Martinsart

Mesnil-Martinsart is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Beauty Behind the Madness

Beauty Behind the Madness is the second studio album by the Weeknd. The Weeknd is a Canadian singer. The album was released on August 28, 2015. It was released by XO and Republic Records. Other musicians are on the album, such as Lana Del Rey, Ed Sheeran, and Labrinth.
The album had five singles. Two of them went to the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 (an American music chart). These were "The Hills" and "Can't Feel My Face". The album also has a song that was nominated for an Academy Award. This song is named "Earned It". It was in the movie Fifty Shades of Grey. Many critics liked Beauty Behind the Madness. It went to number one on album charts in many countries. It was the Weeknd's first number one album in the United States. It was one of the best-selling albums of 2015. It sold over 1 million copies. It won a Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporary Album.
Background
The Weeknd's first studio album was released in 2013. It was named Kiss Land. After making it, the Weeknd made music for movie soundtracks. He was on the soundtrack for The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013). He also made the songs "Earned It" and "Where You Belong" for Fifty Shades of Grey (2015). "Earned It" went into the number three spot on the Billboard Hot 100.
On July 5, 2015, Ed Sheeran said he worked with the Weeknd on the album. He also said Kanye West worked on it. The Weeknd revealed the album's name on July 9. He also showed art made for it.
Track listing
Notes
Person that was a co-producer for the song.
Person that was another producer for the song.
References
2015 albums
R&B albums
Pop albums
Grammy Award-winning albums
Jōdo Shinshū

is a school of Pure Land Buddhism. Shinran founded it in the 1200s.
Jodo Shinshu is the biggest Buddhist group in Japan.
References
Other websites
List of Jodo Shinshu Organisations with Links
Jodo Shinshu Buddhism, Dharma for the Modern Age A basic portal with links.
Homepage for Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha Hongwanji International Center - English
Buddhist Churches of America Includes basic information, shopping for Shin Buddhist ritual implements, and links to various Shin churches in America.
Jodo Shinshu Buddhist Temples of Canada National website, includes links and addresses of Shin temples throughout Canada.
Institute of Buddhist Studies: Seminary and Graduate School
Jodo Shinshu Honganji-ha. Shinran Works The collected works of Shinran, including the Kyogoshinsho.
nembutsu.info: Journal of Shin Buddhism
The Way of Jodo Shinshu: Reflections on the Hymns of Shinran Shonin
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Buddhism
Stjärnhov

Stjarnhov is a locality in Gnesta Municipality in Sodermanland County in Sweden. In 2010, 549 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Sodermanland County
Musi-Video

Musi-Video was a music video series that was shown in Canada from 1980 and 1984. It was syndicated to community channels all around Canada. It was a very early example of the format that was later used by MTV and MuchMusic.
The series was made by Marc Fontaine, who was part of the new wave pop group Nudimension. The series was produced in Montreal, and featured early 1980s music artists playing live in a studio, and early music videos.
In 2008 the Musi-Video brand was revived as a music publishing label by Marc Fontaine.
Presenters
Richard Berle
Erica Ehm
Anne Marie Cyr
Marc Fontaine
Andy Nulman
Selected artists
These artists were in Musi-Video at the start of their careers:
Men Without Hats
Simple Minds
Nudimension
The 222s
Martha Ladly
References
1984 television series endings
1980 television series debuts
1980s Canadian television series
Tribute to Jerusalem

Tribute to Jerusalem is a permanent sculpture in Holland Square, near Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. It is at the corner of Kiryat Yovel Street and Ein Karem. The sculpture's popular nickname is "the red sculpture". The sculpture stands at a view point overlooking the Jerusalem Forest and Ein Kerem. The sculpture was made in 1977 by Alexander Calder.
Other websites
Sculptures
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
1977 works
Casablanca Records

Casablanca Records is an American recording label. It is owned by Universal Music Group. Casablanca operates under Republic Records. The label became most successful as a disco label in the 1970s. It currently operates as an electronic dance music label under the direction of Tommy Mottola.
References
American record labels
Fox (British and Irish TV channel)

FOX UK is a former TV channel that made by Disney it was launched in 2004 as FX and rebranded as FOX in 2013. The channel closed on 1st July 2021.
FOX UK is not coming back until the end of 2026.
References
The Walt Disney Company
British television channels
2004 establishments in the United Kingdom
2021 disestablishments
2020s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Harry Carey Jr.

Harry G. Carey, Jr. (May 16, 1921 - December 27, 2012) was an American movie, television, stage, voice, and radio actor who is known for his Western movies directed by John Ford. He also appeared on Gremlins, Back to the Future Part III, Tombstone, and in The Searchers. His father, Harry Carey, was an actor.
Carey, Jr. was born on May 16, 1921 in Santa Clarita, California. He was married to Marilyn Fix from 1944 until his death in 2012. Carey, Jr. died on December 27, 2012 in his home in Santa Barbara, California from natural causes, aged 91.
References
Other websites
Harry Carey, Jr. official site
Comanche Stallion
1921 births
2012 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
E231 series

The is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type used for commuter and outer-suburban services operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan since 2000.
Variants
/ / E231-0 series: 8-car, 10-car, and 10+5-car sets used on the Chuo-Sobu Line, Joban Line, Narita Line, Musashino Line, and the Keiyo Line
E231-500 series: 10-car sets used on Chuo-Sobu Line
E231-800 series: 10-car sets used on Chuo-Sobu Line and Tokyo Metro Tozai Line interrunning services
E231-900 series: 8-car set used on the Musashino Line and Keiyo Line
E231-1000 series: 10+5-car suburban sets used on the Tokaido Main Line, Utsunomiya Line, and Takasaki Line, and on Ueno-Tokyo Line and Shonan-Shinjuku Line through services
E231-3000 series: 4-car sets converted from former E231-0 series sets for use on the Kawagoe Line and Hachiko Line
Former operations
E231-500 series: 11-car sets used on the Yamanote Line from 21 April 2002 until 20 January 2020
E231-900 series: 10-car set used on the Chuo-Sobu Line from December 1998 until 25 February 2020 (designated as 209-950 series until June 2000)
Gallery
Electric multiple units
Foz do Iguaçu

Foz do Iguacu (fos do igwa'su) is the 4th largest city of Parana state, in the south region of Brazil. 309,000 people live there. It is about west of Curitiba, Parana's capital city, on the border with Argentina and Paraguay. The people who live there are known as iguacuenses.
The city is known for the Iguacu Falls and the Itaipu Dam, the largest dam of the world was built.
Cities in Parana State
Adrian Peterson

Adrian Lewis Peterson (born March 21, 1985) is an American football running back for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. He was the 7th person drafted in the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma.
References
Adrian Peterson in his life story
1985 births
Living people
Minnesota Vikings players
American football running backs
Sportspeople from Texas
Geoffrey Holder

Geoffrey Lamont Holder (August 1, 1930 - October 5, 2014) was an Trinidadian movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, choreographer, director, dancer, painter, costume designer, and singer. Holder was known for his deep soft voice. He was in The Wiz, Annie, Live and Let Die, Bear in the Big Blue House, Doctor Dolittle. He narrated Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Holder won two Tony Awards in 1975 and a Drama Desk Award in 1975.
Holder was born on August 1, 1930 in Port of Spain, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago. He studied at Queens Royal College. He was married to Carmen de Lavallade from 1955 until his death in 2014. Holder had a brother, Boscoe Holder.
Holder died in Manhattan, New York City from pneumonia, aged 84.
References
Other websites
1930 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Drama Desk Award winners
Infectious disease deaths in New York (state)
Movie actors
Stage actors
Costume designers
Television actors
Trinidad and Tobago people
Tony Award winning actors
Voice actors
Electoral district of Oakleigh

Oakleigh is an electoral district of Victoria. It was created in 1927. It is in the Southern Metropolitan Region.
Oakleigh is in Melbourne.
Election results
References
Oakleigh
Sam Phillips

Samuel Cornelius Phillips (January 5, 1923 - July 30, 2003), better known as Sam Phillips, was an American businessman, record executive, record producer and DJ. He played an important role in the rock and roll world in the 1950s. He was a producer, label owner, and talent scout throughout the 1940s and 1950s.
He was the founder of both Sun Studios and Sun Records in Memphis, Tennessee. He was most successful in the launching of Elvis Presley's career in 1954.
Other websites
Sun Studio official website
Interview with Sam Phillips
Rock Hall of Fame
Elvis Presley at Sun Studio
1923 births
2003 deaths
American record producers
Aleutian Islands

The Aleutian Islands (; possibly from Chukchi aliat, "island") are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands.
They are in the Northern Pacific Ocean. They are spread out over an area of 6,821 sq mi (17,666 km2) and go out about west from the Alaska Peninsula toward the Kamchatka Peninsula. They mark a line between the Bering Sea and the Pacific Gulf of Alaska. Crossing longitude 180deg, they are the furthest West part of the United States Nearly all the islands are part of Alaska but at the extreme western end are the Commander Islands which are in Russia. The islands, with their 57 volcanoes, are in the northern part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Alaska Marine Highway passes through the islands.
About 8,200 people live in 11 towns or villages on seven islands of the US part. About 600 people live in the Russian part of the islands.
Pacific islands
Islands of Alaska
Archipelagos
Judas (1930 movie)

Judas () is a 1930 Soviet silent drama movie directed by Evgeniy Ivanov-Barkov. It stars Aleksandr Antonov, Boris Ferdinandov, and Vasili Kovrigin.
References
Other websites
Soviet silent movies
1930 movies
Soviet drama movies
Alfstarz

The Alfstarz was a dansband in the town of Ronneby, Sweden.
Discography
Singles
Jag ar pa vag/Vem - 1988
Barfota i regn/Amors pilar (Little Arrows) - 1989
San Martinique/Ge inte upp - 1989
Bang en boomerang/Tack for ni kom (Dein Herz wird mich versteh'n) - 1991
Svensktoppen songs
Natten tander ljus pa himlen - 1986-1987
References
Dansbands
Swedish musical groups
David Malpass

David Robert Malpass (born March 8, 1956) is an American economic analyst and former government official. He was the President of the World Bank Group from 2019 to 2023. Malpass was Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs under Donald Trump, Deputy Assistant Treasury Secretary under Ronald Reagan, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State under George H. W. Bush.
References
1956 births
Living people
Presidents of the World Bank Group
American economists
Scientists from Michigan
Businesspeople from Michigan
Politicians from Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Kadayam

Kadayam is a small town located in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu (India).
References
Towns in Tirunelveli district
Electoral district of Traeger

Traeger is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 2017.
Election results
References
Traeger
Sulli

Choi Jin-ri (March 29, 1994 - October 14, 2019), better known by her stage name Sulli, was a South Korean singer-songwriter, actress and model. She played the young Princess Seonhwa of Silla in the SBS drama Ballad of Seodong (2005).
In 2009, Sulli became a member of the South Korean girl group f(x). She left the group in 2015 to focus on her acting career. She made her solo debut album in June 2019 with the single album "Goblin".
Sulli killed herself at her Seongnam apartment on October 14, 2019 at the age of 25. She suffered from depression and was a victim of constant cyber bullying.
References
1994 births
2019 deaths
People who committed suicide
South Korean actors
South Korean singers
South Korean writers
Singer-songwriters
South Korean models
Hurricane Ophelia (2017)

Hurricane Ophelia (known as Storm Ophelia in the United Kingdom) was an Atlantic tropical cyclone in October 2017. The storm affected the United Kingdom, Ireland and France. Ophelia was the 10th consecutive hurricane and the 6th major hurricane of 2017.
The storm formed on 9 October. She peaked at Category 3 status.
Ophelia took three lives directly and another 45 lives indirectly.
Damage from the storm was more than $70 million USD.
The storm also affected Russia, Norway and Finland.
References
2017 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
2017 in Europe
October 2017 events
George Simon (artist)

George Simon (23 April 1947 - 15 July 2020) was a Guyanese artist and archaeologist. He was the founder and mentor of the Lokono Artists Group, a group of Lokono artists from Guyana. He was seen as one of the leading Guyanese artists. His paintings (acrylic on canvas, paper or twill fabric) are known for their explorations of Amerindian culture and the Guyanese environment.
Simon died on 15 July 2020 from cancer, aged 73.
References
1947 births
2020 deaths
Guyanese people
Artists
Archaeologists
Educators
Matsumoto, Nagano

is a city in the Chubu region of Japan on the island of Honshu.
It has been recognized as a special city since 2000.
History
Matsumoto was the capital of Shinano Province during the Edo period.
Related pages
Matsumoto Yamaga F.C.
References
Other websites
Matsumoto official website
http://youkoso.city.matsumoto.nagano.jp/
Cities in Japan
Settlements in Nagano Prefecture
Suzie Bates

Suzannah Wilson Bates is a cricketer from New Zealand. Bates plays for the New Zealand women's national cricket team. She was born on September 16, 1987.
References
Other websites
1987 births
Living people
New Zealand cricketers
Sportspeople from Dunedin
Altmittweida

Altmittweida is a municipality of the district Mittelsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, it has a population of 1,908 people.
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities in Saxony
Mittelsachsen Rural District
Astronomical Almanac

The Astronomical Almanac is a book published each year by the United States Naval Observatory and Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office. It includes information on astronomy such as the setting and rising times of the sun, moon, planets and stars, as well as eclipses. It has been published since 1767. In 1981 the American and British publications were combined. The information in the almanac is used by astronomers, navigators, surveyors and space scientists. Using the information it would be possible to work out your position on Earth to within 500 metres.
References
Astronomy
Navigation
Reference works
fa:zyj
Christopher Morahan

Christopher Thomas Morahan CBE (9 July 1929 - 7 April 2017) was an English stage and television director and production executive.
From 1972 to 1976, he was the Head of Plays for BBC Television, a department responsible for such series as Play for Today. Morahan joined the National Theatre in 1977 as Deputy Director and was appointed Co-Director of the Olivier Theatre.
He was involved in creating the 14-part television drama The Jewel in the Crown (1984), of which he was co-director and producer. The series won a Primetime Emmy Award and a BAFTA TV Award in 1985.
Morahan was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2011 Birthday Honours for services to drama.
Morahan died on 7 April 2017 in London at the age of 87. He died on the same day as Tim Pigott-Smith, one of the leads in The Jewel in the Crown.
References
Other websites
Christopher Morahan(Aveleyman)
1929 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in London
English television directors
People from London
Imhotep

Imhotep was a high priest and a doctor in ancient Egypt. Imhotep also became famous as an architect. Imhotep was the architect, physician, scribe, and chief advisor of the 3rd-Dynasty pharaoh Djoser. He was later worshipped as a god. As a god, he was often pictured seated, wearing a long kilt robe and a skull cap or a shaven head. He had a papyrus scroll spread on his lap to show he was a scribe and a scholar.
Step pyramid
As an architect, Imhotep was most famous because he was the designer of the step pyramid at Sakkara. Before the step pyramid, pharaohs were buried in flat topped buildings called mastabas. The term mastaba comes from the word meaning bench, because they look like the benches most Egyptians placed outside their door. An average mastaba had four walls, a flat top and an underground burial chamber, reached by a vertical shaft or stairwell.The step pyramid was actually just a number of mastabas placed one on top of the other, each one smaller than the previous one. There were also a couple of small rooms above the burial chambers with items for the afterlife.
Medical writer
Imhotep's best-known writings were medical scrolls. He is thought to have written the Edwin Smith papyrus. The papyrus lists 48 injuries of which 27 are head trauma, and six are spine trauma. Here's an example for treatment of a head injury:
"Examination: If thou examinest a man having a wound in his head, while his wound does not have two lips, penetrating to the bone of his skull, (but) not having a gash, thou shouldst palpate his wound (or, thou shouldst lay thy hand upon it); shouldst thou find his skull uninjured, not having a perforation; a split, or a smash in it. Treatment: Thou shouldst bind it with fresh meat the first day (and) treat afterwards with grease, honey (and) lint every day until he recovers wound in the head"
Becoming a god
Around 100 years after his death, Imhotep was deified (made into a god). Imhotep became the god of medicine and healing. Small temples were built in honor of him. People with injuries would sleep near his temple hoping to be healed. As a god, Imhotep was also worshiped by scribes. Scribes would offer a couple drops of water as a sacrifice to him before starting to write. Because of his attachment with the god Ptah during his work at Ptah's temple, stories were spread that said that Ptah was his father.
Even when the Greeks took over Egypt in 331 B.C.E., he was identified with another deified man called Asclepius, and the Greeks continued to honor and build temples for him.
References
Thames and Hudson The Complete Gods and Goddesses Of Ancient Egypt
Remler, Pat Egyptian mythology A to Z
Tyldesly, Joyce Egypt
Freeman, Charles The Legacy of Ancient Egypt
Nardo, Don Ancient Egypt
Encyclopedia Britainia
Other websites
http://www.touregypt.net/edwinsmithsurgical.htm
http://www.news/egyptianmyths.net/imhotep.net
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/imhotep.shtml
Ancient Egyptians
3rd millennium BC in Egypt
3rd-millennium BC people
Au, St. Gallen

Au is a municipality in Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of St. Gallen
Dryophytes

Dryophytes is a genus of tree frogs in the family Hylidae. Most of the frogs live in North America, but some live in eastern Asia.
Description
All frogs in Dryophytes are small and can climb trees. Most of them are green or gray in color. They have disks on the ends of their toes for climbing. The disks help them stick to the trees as they climb.
Habitat
These tree frogs live in wetlands and in forests where the seasons change. They live on the ground and in trees.
Taxonomy
Scientists have changed their minds about whether this is its own genus and how these frogs are related to other frogs:
Fitzinger first described (formally wrote about) this genus in 1843. In 1882 scientist George Albert Boulenger, moved it to the genus Hyla, the true tree frogs. In 2014 Fouquette and Dubois wrote that Dryophytes was a subgenus inside Hyla. In 2016, William E. Duellman and his team wrote that scientists should start using Dryophytes as its own genus again.
The true difference between frogs in Dryophytes and Hyla is where they live. Scientists do not think they have important differences in their bodies. Hyla frogs live in the Old World, which is Africa and Eurasia, and most Dryophytes frogs live in the New World, which is the Americas.
Only three Dryophytes frogs live anywhere but North America: D. immaculata, D. japonica, and D. suweonensis live in Asia.
Species
The genus Dryophytes has 20 species of frogs in it.
References
Frogs of Asia
Frogs of North America
Rosalind Chao

Rosalind Chao (born September 23, 1967) is an American actress.
Chao's best-known roles have been Soon-Lee Klinger in the mid-1980s CBS show AfterMASH, Rose Hsu Jordan in the 1993 movie The Joy Luck Club, Keiko O'Brien on Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine in the 1990s, and Dr. Kim on The O.C. in 2003.
For some time, Chao worked at Disneyland as an international tour guide.
References
1967 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from California
People from Anaheim, California
Nishapur

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Nishapur is a historial city in northeast Iran and the cultural capital of the Khorasan region. In 2005, about 270,940 people lived there.
References
Cities in Iran
Razavi Khorasan Province
Lawrence County, Tennessee

Lawrence County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 44,159 people lived there. The county seat is Lawrenceburg.
References
Tennessee counties
Kenyanthropus platyops

Kenyanthropus platyops is an extinct hominid species discovered in Lake Turkana, Kenya in 1999. It was by Justus Erus, who was part of Meave Leakey's team.
The fossil is 3.5 to 3.2 million years old. It has a broad flat face with a toe bone that suggests it probably walked upright. Teeth are intermediate between typical human and typical ape forms.
Leakey proposed that the fossil represents an entirely new hominine genus. Others classify it as a separate species of Australopithecus, Australopithecus platyops, and still others interpret it as an individual of Australopithecus afarensis.
If some palaeoanthropologists are correct, Kenyanthropus may not even represent a valid taxon. The specimen is so distorted by matrix-filled cracks that meaningful morphological characteristics are next to impossible to assess with confidence.
References
Other websites
Australopithecines
Stagecoach Group

Stagecoach Group plc () is a leading international transport group operating buses, trains, trams, express coaches and ferries. The group was founded in 1980 by the current chairman, Brian Souter, his sister, Ann Gloag, and her former husband Robin. The group is based in Perth, Scotland, and has operations in the United Kingdom and North America.
References
Other websites
Stagecoach Group official site
Public transport in the United Kingdom
Perth, Scotland
Cyberattack

Cyberattack is a term in computer science. It is any attempt to alter, disable, destroy, steal or get into or make unauthorized use of a computer system.
An attacker is a person or process that attempts to access data, functions, or other restricted areas of the system without authorization. Malicious intent is assumed.
Cyberattacks can be part of cyberwarfare or cyberterrorism. A cyberattack can be done by sovereign states, individuals, groups, society, or organizations. It may start from an anonymous source. A product that helps a cyberattack is sometimes called a cyberweapon.
A cyberattack may steal, alter, or destroy a specified target by hacking into a susceptible system. Cyberattacks can range from installing spyware on a personal computer to attempting to destroy the infrastructure of entire nations.
References
Computer security
Avesta Municipality

Avesta Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Avesta.
References
Other websites
Avesta Municipality
Municipalities of Dalarna County