pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NO2. It contains nitrogen and oxide ions. The nitrogen is in the +4 oxidation state.
Properties
Nitrogen Dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a distinct, pungent odor similar to that of Chlorine. It causes significant and damaging pulmonary effects when it is inhaled, due to the formation of both Nitric (HNO3) & Nitrous (HNO2) acids when it reacts with Water present in the lungs. When Nitrogen Dioxide is compressed or cooled to near 0deg C, two molecules of the Dioxide bond, forming the colorless Dinitrogen Tetroxide. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Upon heating, Nitrogen Dioxide decomposes back into lower oxides of Nitrogen (NO) as well as Oxygen. It reacts with iodides to form nitrites and elemental iodine. The presence of NO2 in concentrated Nitric acid causes the acid to take on a yellow color, depending on the concentration of the dissolved gas.
Preparation
Nitrogen dioxide is normally made by oxidation of nitric oxide by oxygen in air. It can also be made by heating some nitrates. It can be made by reacting concentrated nitric acid with copper or tin.
Uses
It is used to make nitric acid by dissolving it in water. Nitric oxide is also released.
Safety
Nitrogen dioxide is very toxic. It has a foul odor, which aids in its detection. Much care should be taken to avoid contact with this compound.
Related pages
Nitrous oxide
Nitrous acid
Nitrogen compounds
Oxides
Robert D. Fulton

Robert David Fulton (born May 13, 1929) is an American politician. He briefly served as the 37th Governor of Iowa during the first 16 days of 1969. He also served as the 38th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1965 to 1969. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Fulton was born in Waterloo, Iowa.
References
1929 births
Living people
Governors of Iowa
Lieutenant Governors of Iowa
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
People from Waterloo, Iowa
Grandchamp, Sarthe

Grandchamp is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Group of 24

The Group of 24 (G24), a chapter of the G-77, was established in 1971 to coordinate the positions of developing countries on international monetary and development finance issues and to ensure that their interests were adequately represented in negotiations on international monetary matters.
International organizations
Inter-Korean Liaison Office

The Inter-Korean Liaison Office () was a joint office of North Korea and South Korea located in North Korea's Kaesong Industrial Region.
The building was a de facto embassy and gave a direct communication line for the two nations.
It was headed by North Korean Representative Jon Jong-su, vice chairman of the Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland and South Korean Representative Chun Hae-sung, vice minister of the Ministry of Unification.
The four-story office building was destroyed by North Korea on 16 June 2020. It had been empty since January due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
2018 establishments
June 2020 events
Ennead

The Ennead was the grouping of nine deities, most often appearing in Egyptian mythology. As a three of threes, the number nine became associated with great power. The ancient peoples thought that groupings of nine gods were very important.
Egyptian mythology
Utica, Michigan

Utica is a city in Macomb County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
Gogó Andreu

Ricardo Cesar Andreu (27 July 1919 - 1 May 2012) was an Argentine actor, comedian and musician. He was known for his roles in Crosswords (2003), India pravile (2003), and in Gemini (2005).
Andreu was born in a family of actors. When he was 12 years old the tango singer Jose Razzano, brought him to the Broadway theatre where he met Carlos Gardel.
Andreu died in Buenos Aires from respiratory failure, aged 92.
References
Other websites
1919 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Argentine movie actors
Argentine stage actors
Argentine television actors
Argentine comedians
Musicians from Buenos Aires
Jimmy Rave

James Michael Guffey (December 8, 1982 - December 12, 2021), better known by the ring name Jimmy Rave, was an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his time with Ring of Honor (ROH) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). His career began in 1999 and he retired in 2020.
Guffey announced his retirement on November 28, 2020 because of an infection in his left arm that caused it to be amputated. On October 24, 2021, he tweeted that he had both of his legs amputated because of an MRSA infection.
Guffey died at the age of 39 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 12, 2021.
References
Other websites
1982 births
2021 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Atlanta
Montaigne (musician)

Jessica Alyssa Cerro (born 14 August 1995), better known as Montaigne, is an Australian art pop singer, songwriter and musician. Her first album, Glorious Heights, was released in 2016. It peaked at No. 4 on the ARIA Albums Chart. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2016, she won Breakthrough Artist - Release for the album and was nominated for three other categories. Also in 2016, she was a featured vocalist on the Hilltop Hoods track "1955". The single reached No. 2 on the ARIA Singles Chart.
Montaigne was meant to represent Australia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 with her song "Don't Break Me". However, due to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, the contest was cancelled. She will instead represent her country in 2021.
Montaigne was born in Sydney, New South Wales. She grew up in the Hills District. She has said her ethnic background is a mixture of Argentine, Spanish, Filipino and French.
References
Other websites
1995 births
Living people
Australian pop singers
Australian singer-songwriters
Musicians from Sydney
Singers from New South Wales
Asclepias californica

Asclepias californica (commonly known as the California milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant. It is also known as Round-hooded milkweed. It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. It is native to California and Baja California. It blooms from April to July. This species is found on grassy or bushy hillsides.
Other websites
Asclepias californica at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias californica at Treatment from the Jepson Manual
c
Soul Asylum

Soul Asylum is an American alternative rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Soul Asylum has four members in the band; the current band members are David Pirner, Dan Murphy, Michael Bland and Tommy Stinson.
The band was formed in 1981 and were balled Loud Fast Rules. The band was renamed Soul Asylum in 1983. They released their debut album Say What You Will, Clarence...Karl Sold the Truck on August 24, 1984. The song "Runaway Train" from their sixth studio album, "Grave Dancers Union" won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Song in 1994. The bands original bassist Karl Mueller died on June 17, 2005 from throat cancer. They released their tenth studio album "Delayed Reaction" on July 17, 2012.
Band members
Current
David Pirner - lead vocals, guitar (1983-present)
Michael Bland - drums, backing vocals (1983-1985, 2005-present)
Tommy Stinson - bass guitar, backing vocals (2005-present)
Former
Dan Murphy - guitar (1983-2012)
Pat Morley - drums (1983)
Grant Young - drums (1985-1995)
Sterling Campbell - drums (1995-2000)
Chuck Biscuits - drums (2000-2005)
Karl Mueller - bass guitar (1983-2005)
Joey Huffman - keyboards (1993-1997, 2003-2006)
Discography
So far as of 2012, Soul Asylum have released 10 studio albums and 1 live album:
Albums
Say What You Will, Clarence... Karl Sold the Truck (1984)
Made to Be Broken (1986)
While You Were Out (1986)
Hang Time (1988)
And the Horse They Rode In On (1990)
Grave Dancers Union (1992)
Let Your Dim Light Shine (1995)
Candy from a Stranger (1998)
The Silver Lining (2006)
Delayed Reaction (2012)
Live albums
After the Flood: Live from the Grand Forks Prom, June 28, 1997 (2004)
References
Other websites
Official website
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups from Minnesota
Aplastodiscus cavicola

Cruz' tree frog (Aplastodiscus cavicola) is a frog. It lives in Brazil.
References
Frogs of South America
Abobo

Abobo is a town and commune in Cote d'Ivorie.
Towns in Africa
Ivory Coast
Sheraton

Sheraton is one of the largest international hotel chains. It was founded in 1937. The owner is Marriott International. Until 2016, it was owned by Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide.
Activity
As of 2015, the Sheraton network includes 446 hotels with a total capacity of 156,400 rooms. 11 hotels are owned by Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, others are part of the company on a franchise basis. English Four Points by Sheraton adds 210 hotels to 36,800 rooms.
References
1937 establishments in the United States
Companies based in New York (state)
American hotel chains
Ouangolodougou, Ivory Coast

Ouangolodougou, Cote d'Ivoire is a small town in the northern part of Ivory Coast, a country in western Africa. It is located in the Ferkessedougou Department. Ouangolodougou is near the border of Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso.
Cities in Ivory Coast
Jon Culshaw

Jonathan Peter Culshaw (born 2 June 1968) is an English actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on the radio comedy Dead Ringers since 2000.
Culshaw has voiced many characters for ITV shows including 2DTV (2001), Spitting Image (1994-96) and Newzoids (2015-2016), as well as appearing in The Impressions Show alongside Debra Stephenson from 2009 until 2011.
References
1968 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English television personalities
English radio personalities
English comedians
Actors from Lancashire
Cops (TV series)

Cops is an American documentary-styled television reality show which follows police officers, constables and deputies during patrols and other activities which began in March 1989 and has been aired in many countries. The show is broadcasted through Fox and has been shown in over 100 cities in the United States. Every episode is about twenty two minutes long. The show was cancelled due to the George Floyd protests. It was later released again on Fox Nation.
References
Other websites
Channel Links
1989 American television series debuts
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American crime television series
Police television series
English-language television programs
Giant magnetoresistance

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a very small magnetic effect found in thin layers of iron and other materials. It is used to read and write information in hard drives.
The GMR effect can be measured when a magnet is used to change the flow of electricity. The 2007 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grunberg for the discovery of GMR.
Discovery
GMR was discovered in layers iron, chrome and ferrite by Peter Grunbergs research team of the Julich Research Centre (Germany) in 1988. Peter Grunberg owns a patent for the technology. It was also discovered by Albert Ferts research group of the University of Paris-Sud (France) in layers ferrite and chrome. The Fert group were first to see what they thought of as a large effect which is why they gave the name "Giant". The Fert group were also first to explain the correct physics of GMR. The discovery was the beginning of the science spintronics. Grunberg and Fert have been given prizes and awards, including the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics, for this discovery and other spintronics work.
Types of GMR
Multilayer GMR
In multilayer GMR, two or more magnetic layers are separated by a very thin (about 1 nm) non-magnetic (insulating) layer. Ferrite, a form of iron, is a magnetic layer and chrome is an insulating layer. At certain thickness, the strength of magnetism between the layers becomes easy to measure and adjust. The strength of electrical current between the layers can change by up to 10%.
The GMR effect was first observed in stacks of 10 or more layers.
Spin valve GMR
In spin valve GMR, two magnetic layers are separated by a thin (~3 nm) non-magnetic (insulating) layer. It is possible to measure and adjust the strength of magnetism between these layers.
It is hoped that research into spinning electrons will improve spin valves.
Materials used in spin valves are copper and an alloy of nickel and iron.
Spin valve GMR is the most useful sort for hard drives and is tested carefully to meet industry standards.
Granular GMR
Granular GMR is an effect found in copper containing grains of cobalt. It is not possible to control the strength of granular GMR in the same manner as Multilayer GMR.
Use of GMR
GMR is used in modern hard drives and magnetic sensors. Another use of the GMR effect is in magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). GMR has begun a new science of electronics called spintronics.
Related pages
Hard disk
Magnet
Quantum mechanics
References
Other websites
Giant Magnetoresistance: The Really Big Idea Behind a Very Tiny Tool National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Presentation of GMR-technique (IBM Research)
Nobel prize in physics 2007 - Scientific background
Scientific background
Hard drives
Quantum mechanics
Electromagnetism
Sigournais

Sigournais is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Communes in Vendee
Rapping

Rapping is a type of vocals, like singing. It is different to singing because it is more like talking, but timed with rhythm over music. Someone who raps is called a rapper, or sometimes an MC. That stands for Master of Ceremonies.
Rapping can be done over music of many types (or genres), including jazz, house, reggae and many more. One genre of music that includes a lot of rapping is hip hop. What people think of as rapping today, was started by African Americans in New York City, USA, in the 1970s. People would talk over disco music DJs at parties, and this gradually evolved into rapping. But, the start of the art of rapping is even older. Reggae artists in Jamaica used a similar style to rapping from the 1950s. Going back further than that, the West African Griots (travelling musicians and poets) would also rap over tribal drums in the 1400s.
Today rapping is a very popular style of vocals. Many of the best selling artists in the world use it in their music.
References
Vocal music
Faunsdale, Alabama

Faunsdale is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Towns in Alabama
Inca Garcilaso de la Vega

Gomez Suarez of Figueroa, renowned like Inca Garcilaso of the Vega from 1563 (Cuzco, Government of New Castilla, 12 April 1539 - Cordoba, Spain, 23 April 1616), went a writer and historian of Hispanic ancestry-incaica been born in the current territory of the Peru.
1539 births
1616 deaths
Peruvian writers
Spanish historians
Pankaj Jaiswal

Pankaj Jaiswal (born 15 June 1992) is an Indian film producer, and owner of Next Entertainment. He has produced films including Ammaa Ki Boli, Saare Jahan Se Acha and Naa Hausla Harenge Hum.
Career
Jaiswal graduated from Somaiya college. In 2013, he started his career with the television serial Naa Hausla Harenge Hum on Doordarshan. He also produced the web series Saare Jahan Se Acha with Prakash Jha as a host. In 2019 He made his debut as a film producer with Ammaa Ki Boli.
Filmography
References
Other websites
Ka-Bar

Ka-Bar (trademarked as KA-BAR, capitalized) is a combat knife first obtained by the United States Marine Corps in November 1942. It was then designated as the 1219C2 combat knife. Later it was called the USMC Mark 2 combat knife. When the United States Navy obtained the knife they called it the U.S. Navy utility knife, Mark 2. KA-BAR is the trademark and namesake of a related knife manufacturing company, KA-BAR Knives., Inc. (formerly Union Cutlery Co.) of Olean, New York. KA-BAR Knives is a subsidiary of the Cutco Corporation.
History
At the start of World War II, the US Marine Corps was still using the World War I issue Trench knife. Called the knuckle knife, it was a dagger with a studded steel hand guard. The trench knife was suited for trench warfare but it did not meet the needs of the Marines in the Pacific war. The Marine Corps purchased different designs from different knife manufacturers. The Ka-Bar, however, quickly became the marine's favorite. They were made by the Union Cutlery Company (later changed to KA-BAR Cutlery Inc.). Soon other companies were under contract to produce the Ka-Bar. The main use for the Ka-Bar combat knife was hand-to-hand combat with an enemy. However, the number of enemy soldiers killed with a Ka-Bar is thought to be very small. The knife, weighing just over , had a solid pommel (the butt end of the knife) which could be used as a hammer.The knife was used to open food cans in c-rations or k-rations. It was used for cutting wires, opening crates of ammunition and other non-combat uses.
Modern Ka-Bars
Although KA-BAR Knives, Inc. currently makes a wide variety of knives and cutlery, it is best known for the Ka-Bar Fighting/Utility knife. It has traditionally used a 7 inch (178 mm) long blade. It is made of 1095 carbon steel with a clip point blade and a stacked leather-washer handle. Other, more modern versions of this knife feature single or dual-edge blades. Many have synthetic handles made of Kraton (a non-slip rubber substitute). For modern outdoor survival use the Ka-Bar knives are still a proven design.
References
Other websites
All About KA-BAR Knives
KA-BAR Knife History
KA-BAR Fighting Knife Review
Things to Know About Ka-Bar Becker Fixed Blade Survival Knife
Blades
UTC+04:30

UTC+04:30 is the time zone used for:
As standard time (all year round)
Afghanistan
This time is used only in Afghanistan, so it is also called Afghanistan Standard Time.
References
UTC offsets
The Big Sleep (1978 movie)

The Big Sleep is a 1978 British American crime mystery movie directed by Michael Winner and is the second version of the 1939 novel of the same name by Raymond Chandler. It stars Robert Mitchum, James Stewart, Oliver Reed, Sarah Miles, Richard Boone, Candy Clark, Edward Fox, John Mills, Harry Andrews, Richard Todd, Diana Quick and was distributed by United Artists.
Mitchum had also played Philip Marlowe three years earlier in the movie Farewell, My Lovely (1975 movie). Mitchum is the only actor to play the character in more than one feature film.
Other websites
1978 crime movies
1970s mystery movies
British crime movies
British mystery movies
1970s American crime movies
American mystery movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Michael Winner
Landing craft

Landing craft are small or medium sized boats made to land at a beach. They help military troops move from their transport ships to the beach, when they cannot use a port. They are also used to deliver supplies and vehicles for troops. To get onto a beach, the landing craft has to be flat-bottomed. The lack of a proper keel makes them uncomfortable in rough seas.
Ship types
2007 Quebec general election

The 2007 Quebec general election was held on March 26. Jean Charest's Quebec Liberal Party won a minority of seats and Mario Dumont' Action democratique du Quebec formed the opposition.
References
General elections in Canada
2000s elections in Canada
2007 in Canada
2000s in Quebec
Elections in Quebec
Niel

Niel is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 8922 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 06 North, 04deg 19 East.
References
Municipalities of Antwerp
Jacques Maury

Jacques Maury (10 November 1920 - 12 April 2020) was a French pastor. He was born in Clamart, France. Maury became pastor of the Reformed Church in Lezay after World War II. He was President of the French Federation of Christian Student Associations from 1957 to 1962, and then pastor at the Reformed Church in Poitiers.
In 1968, Maury was elected President of the Reformed Church of France, then President of the Protestant Federation of France in 1977. He left this job in 1987. He was elected President of Cimade in 1989. He left the job in 1995. From 1981 to 1990, he chaired working group between the World Council of Churches and the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity.
He was made Officer of the Legion of Honour in 1995.
Maury died on Easter Sunday, 12 April 2020 in Clichy at the age of 99.
References
1920 births
2020 deaths
French Christians
Christian clergy
Zeppelin LZ 1

The Zeppelin LZ 1 was the first truly successful experimental rigid airship. It was first flown from a floating hangar on Lake Constance, near Friedrichshafen in southern Germany on 2 July 1900. "LZ" stood for Luftschiff Zeppelin, or "Airship Zeppelin".
Designing and development
Count Zeppelin had been devoting his energies to the design of large rigid-framed airships since his retirement from the army in 1890. In 1898 he established the Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Luftschifffahrt. The company had a subscribed capital of 800,000 Deutschmarks, of which Zeppelin contributed 300,000 Deutschmarks: the remainder was provided by various industrialists, including 100,000 Deutschmarks contributed by Carl Berg, whose company provided the aluminium framework of the airship.
Career
At its first trial the LZ 1 carried five people, reached an altitude of and flew a distance of in 17 minutes, but by then the moveable weight had jammed and one of the engines had failed: the wind then forced an emergency landing. After repairs and alterations the ship flew two more times, on 17 and 24 October, showing its potential by beating the speed record then held by the electric-powered French Army non-rigid airship, La France of , but this did not convince the possible investors. Because funding was exhausted, Graf von Zeppelin had to dismantle the airship, sell the scrap and tools and liquidate the company.
Notes and references
Robinson, Douglas H. (1973) Giants in the Sky Henley-on-Thames, Foulis.
Airships
Experiments
Essex County, Virginia

Essex County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 10,599 people lived there. Its county seat is Tappahannock.
References
Virginia counties
Fuji, Shizuoka

is a Japanese city in eastern Shikuoka Prefecture on the island of Honshu. It is near Mount Fuji.
It has been recognized as a special city since 2001.
History
In the Edo period, was the 14th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tokaido road which connected Edo and Kyoto.
Related pages
The Fifty-three Stations of the Tokaido
References
Other websites
http://www.city.fuji.shizuoka.jp/hp/menu000009500/hpg000009476.htm ;
Cities in Japan
Settlements in Shizuoka Prefecture
Kambly

Kambly is a Swiss biscuit factory. It was founded in 1910 by Oscar Kambly.
History
He got to know a girl that lived in Trubschachen. It was a real lovestory. When he went at her home he had the idea to make a biscuit after his grandmother's recipe, this was in 1906. In 1910 he could absorb the store of his instructor.
The factory today
Today, Kambly is Switzerland's largest biscuit producer and leading exporter.
Kambly is represented in more than 30 different countries.
It is the most famous and most liked biscuit brand of Switzerland's.
There are two factories, one in Trubschachen and one in Lyss, both in the canton of Berne.
Today it's Oscar Kambly the third who administrates the factory, he has done this since 1983.
Oscar Kambly who founded the factory leaded it from 1910-1953.
The first factory was only in Trubschachen, but because Kambly bought
the Arni AG in Lyss in 1999, they now have got another station.
There are 420 employees. 2007, there was a conversion of 164 million Swiss francs. Kambly got the award "Brand Excellence Swiss Trophy" in 2003. In 2003, 2005,2007 & 2008 the international price "Saveur de l'Annee".
Factory stores
There are 2 factory stores. One in Lyss and another one in Trubschachen.
There you can buy the biscuits much cheaper.
Products
The oldest product is the "Bretzeli", that has been produced since 1906 and that was invented by Oscar Kambly the first.
Some other known products are: "Biscuits Butterfly", "Caprice", "Mignon" and the "Petit Beurre".
They also produce salted biscuits.
Other websites
Webpage of Kambly.ch
Food companies of Switzerland
20th-century establishments in Switzerland
1910 establishments in Europe
Sainte-Gemme, Gironde

Sainte-Gemme, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Heterojunction bipolar transistor

The heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is a type of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) which uses different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, making a heterojunction. The HBT can handle signals of much higher frequencies, (up to several hundred GHz) than BJT. HBT is commonly used in modern ultrafast circuits, mostly radio-frequency (RF) systems, and in applications requiring a high power efficiency, such as RF power amplifiers in mobile phones. The idea of using a heterojunction is as old as the conventional BJT, dating back to a patent from 1951.
Materials
The principal difference between the BJT and HBT is in the use of different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, making a heterojunction. This limits the injection of holes from the base into the emitter region, since the potential barrier in the valence band is higher than in the conduction band. Unlike BJT technology, this allows a high doping density to be used in the base. The high doping density reduces the base resistance while maintaining gain. The efficiency of the heterojunction is measured by the Kroemer factor.
References
Other websites
HBT Optoelectronic Circuits developed in the Technion (15Mb, 230p)
New Material Structure Produces World's Fastest Transistor 604 GHz Early 2005
Electronic components
Papurana

Papurana is a genus of frogs in the family Ranidae, "true frogs." They live in New Guinea, some islands near New Guinea, and in northern Australia. Papurana daemeli is the only frog in Ranidae that lives in Australia.
Taxonomy
Scientists first named Papurana as a subgenus of Rana. At times, they have said it was a subgenus of Hylarana. In 2015, Oliver and colleagues looked at Hylarana closely and said it should have only a few species in it. They said Papurana should be its own genus.
Description
Papurana frogs have a mask mark behind their eyes, their body shape, strong wavy stripes on the backs of their thighs, and either no dorsolateral folds or very thin folds, with rough spots. The back is evenly roughened to warty and sometimes has small spikes. The frogs are medium to very large in size. Male frogs have paired, external organs for making sounds.
Species
There are 18 species:
Papurana elberti, Papurana florensis, and Papurana moluccana are only provisionally allocated to Papurana, meaning scientists want to collect more data on their bodies and genes before deciding.
References
Frogs of Oceania
Frogs of Australia
Ondangwa Urban

Ondangwa Urban is a constituency in the Oshana Region of northern Namibia. 23,233 people lived there in 2016 and 17,967 registered voters . The constituency office is in Ondangwa.
Politics
Ondangwa is dominated by the South West Africa People's Organization party. These people havebeen councillors of Ondangwa Urban constituency:
Prinse Shiimi (1992-1998)
Ismael Uugwanga (1999-2010)
Alfeus Abraham (2011-2013)
Elia Irimari (2014-2020)
Leonard Egonga (since 2020)
The 2015 regional elections was won by Elia Irimari of SWAPO with 1,518 votes, ahead of Vincent Asser of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance with 232 votes and Anna Nikanor of the Rally for Democracy and Progress with 117 votes. The SWAPO candicate also won the 2020 regional election. Leonard Negonga won with 2,921 votes over Olavi Negonga of the Independent Patriots for Change with 2,434 votes. Independent candidate Angelina Immanuel came third with 525 votes.
Related pages
Constituencies of Namibia
References
Constituencies of Oshana Region
2013 establishments in Namibia
Beaucamps-le-Vieux

Beaucamps-le-Vieux is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Related pages
Communes of the Somme department
Other websites
Communes in Somme
Eiður Guðjohnsen

Eidur Gudjohnsen (born 15 September 1978) is an Icelandic football player. He plays for Tottenham Hotspur and Iceland national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995||Knattspyrnufelagid Valur||Urvalsdeild||17||7||||||||||17||7
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|PSV Eindhoven||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||13||3||||||||||13||3
|-
|1996/97||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Knattspyrnufelag Reykjavikur||rowspan="2"|Urvalsdeild||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1998||6||0||||||||||6||0
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Bolton Wanderers||rowspan="2"|First Division||14||5||4||0||||||18||5
|-
|1999/00||41||13||11||8||||||52||21
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="6"|Chelsea||rowspan="6"|Premier League||30||10||5||3||2||0||37||13
|-
|2001/02||29||14||11||6||3||3||43||23
|-
|2002/03||35||10||7||0||2||0||44||10
|-
|2003/04||25||6||5||4||10||3||43||13
|-
|2004/05||37||12||9||2||11||2||59||16
|-
|2005/06||26||2||5||1||6||0||37||3
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Barcelona||rowspan="3"|La Liga||25||5||7||3||9||4||41||12
|-
|2007/08||23||2||6||1||8||0||37||3
|-
|2008/09||24||3||5||1||4||0||33||4
|-
|2009/10||Monaco||Ligue 1||9||0||2||0||0||0||11||0
|-
|2009/10||Tottenham Hotspur||Premier League||||||||||||||||
23||7||||||||||23||7
13||3||||||||||13||3
237||72||57||24||34||8||338||104
72||10||18||5||21||4||111||19
9||0||2||0||0||0||11||0
354||92||77||29||55||12||485||133
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||3||1
|-
|2000||5||0
|-
|2001||7||2
|-
|2002||4||3
|-
|2003||7||3
|-
|2004||7||4
|-
|2005||5||3
|-
|2006||5||1
|-
|2007||5||2
|-
|2008||6||3
|-
|2009||6||2
|-
!Total||61||24
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Eidur Gudjohnsen
Eidur Gudjohnsen
FC Barcelona players
Rudolf Arnold Nieberding

Rudolf Arnold Nieberding (May 4, 1838 in Konitz, West Prussia - October 10, 1912 in Berlin) was a German jurist and politician.
Nieberding studied law at the University of Breslau, the University of Heidelberg and the Humboldt-University of Berlin.
He started to work in the civil service of Prussia in 1861, followed by the civil service of the German Empire in 1872.
He was Minister of Justice of the German Empire from 1893 to 1909.
He died at the age of 74 in 1912.
References
www.deutsche-biographie.de
1893 births
1909 deaths
German civil servants
Government ministers of the German Empire
Jurists
Prussian politicians
Chen Guangcheng

Chen Guangcheng (born 12 November 1971) is a Chinese civil rights activist. He has worked on human rights issues in rural areas of the People's Republic of China. He was blind from an early age and self-taught himself about the law. He supports women's rights, land rights, and the welfare of the poor.
In April 2012, Chen escaped his house arrest and fled to the Embassy of the United States, Beijing. After negotiations with the Chinese government, he left the embassy for medical treatment in early May 2012, and it was reported that China would consider allowing him to travel to the United States to study.
On 19 May 2012, Chen, his wife, and his two children left to New York City.
References
1971 births
Living people
Chinese human rights activists
Chinese lawyers
Republicans (United States)
B vitamins

The B vitamin complex (also called B vitamins) are a group of 8 vitamins. They have an important job in the metabolism of cells. Each B vitamin is a cofactor (a coenzyme) for some key metabolic processes or it is a precursor needed to make one.
Originally, people thought they were just different forms of one vitamin (as with Vitamin D, for example). Later it turned out that they are separate vitamins that often can be found together. They are Vitamin B1/Thiamine, Vitamin B2/Riboflavin, Vitamin B3/Vitamin P/Vitamin PP/Niacin,Vitamin B5/Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B7/Vitamin H/Biotin, Vitamin B9/Vitamin M/Vitamin B-c/Folate and Vitamin B12. They are required for growth, and proper functioning of nerves and muscles. B vitamins are found in meat, milk, whole grains and fresh vegetables.
Vitamin B deficiencies have been shown to cause the following symptoms:
mental problems
heart palpitations
heart arrhythmias
exhaustion
paranoia, vague fears, fear that something dreadful is about to happen, nervousness, ADD (attention deficiency), inability to concentrate
thoughts of dying
frustration
inability to sleep
restlessness
tingling in hands
tingling fingers and toes
crying spells, inability to cope
soreness all over
Well-known medical syndromes caused by thiamine deficiency are beri-beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS), and optic neuropathy.
References
Come Along with Me (Adventure Time)

"Come Along with Me" is an American animated television special based on the animated television series Adventure Time. The special, made up of four episodes, is the series finale of Adventure Time, as well as its tenth season finale. The special first aired on September 3, 2018 on Cartoon Network.
In the special, the Finn the Human and Jake the Dog must help their friend Princess Bubblegum battle Gumbald, her vengeful creation. When the villains realize that violent war is unnecessary, they team up to keep the evil entity GOLB from destroying the land of Ooo.
The episode received positive reviews by praising show creator Pendleton Ward for wrapping everything and answering questions the series left unanswered. The episode became notable because it showed Princess Bubblegum and Marceline the Vampire Queen kiss thus confirming their speculated relationship.
References
Adventure Time episodes
2018 television episodes
Devlin (rapper)

James Devlin (born 7 May 1989), also known as Devlin, is an English rapper and songwriter. He is from Dagenham, London. He has collaborated with Ghetts, Ed Sheeran, Labrinth, Wretch 32, Skepta, Giggs, and Scorcher.
Career
His first album, "Bud, Sweat and Beers", was released on Island Records in 2010. The first single from the album was "Brainwashed". The single was released in the United Kingdom on 8 August 2010. It debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 31, and number 11 on the UK R&B Chart.
His second album, "A Moving Picture", was released on 4 February 2013. It peaked at number 19 on the UK Albums Chart.
Personal life
Devlin was born in Bermondsey and grew up on a housing estate in Dagenham. His mother was a council worker while his father was a forklift driver.
References
1989 births
English rappers
English songwriters
Grime music artists
Musicians from London
Living people
Karl H. Pribram

Karl H. Pribram (; ; February 25, 1919 - January 19, 2015) was an Austrian-born American neuroscientist and educator. He taught at Georgetown University, Yale University, Stanford University, and Radford University. He also did a lot of work on the meaning of the limbic system, the relationship of the frontal cortex to the limbic system, cortex discoveries of the parietal and temporal lobes, and the classical motor cortex of the human brain.
Pribram was born in Vienna to a Jewish Czechoslovakian father and an Indonesian mother. He attended school in Gstaad, Switzerland and in Indiana, United States. He was married and had five children.
Pribram died from cancer on January 19, 2015 in Virginia. He was 95.
References
Other websites
1919 births
2015 deaths
Academics from Washington, D.C.
Austrian Jews
Yale University faculty
Jewish American scientists
American neuroscientists
Scientists from Vienna
Stanford University faculty
Academics from Virginia
Bihu Loukon

The star fort located at Maklang, Imphal West, Manipur, India. It is hypothesized that, it is constructed taking in to account, the holy drawing of one of the supreme God of Meitei religion, Ibudhou Pakhangba. The drawing itself is known as, "Ibudhou Pakhangba gi Paphal".
The Bihu Loukon () is an ancient star shaped mud fort located in the Maklang region of Imphal West district in the Indian state of Manipur.
References
History of Manipur
Forts in India
Buildings and structures in Manipur
Archaeological sites in India
1015

1015 was a common year.
Events
August: King Cnut the Great of Denmark launches an invasion of Mercia and Northumbria in England.
Berserkers are banned in Norway.
Olav Haraldsson becomes king of Norway.
Sviatopolk succeeds Vladimir as prince of Kiev.
References
1000s

The 1000s decade span from 1000 to 1009.
Events
Sweyn I of Denmark invades England.
1001: Stephen I becomes the first king of Hungary.
1008: Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized.
1009: The Ly dynasty, Vietnam's first independent dynasty, is proclaimed.
United States presidential line of succession

The United States Presidential in line is the order in which government officials replace the president of the United States if the president leaves office before an elected successor is inaugurated. If the president dies, resigns or is removed from office, the vice president becomes president for the rest of the term. If the vice president is unable to serve, the Speaker of the House acts as president.
Previous lines
The United States Constitution says that the vice president of the United States is the person who will replace the president if the president is not able to continue. It is very important to know who the new president will be if they are not able to serve any longer.
The laws about succession (after the vice president) were first created in 1792. The second in line, after the vice president was the leader of the Senate. The next in line was the speaker of the House of Representatives. In 1868, during the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson, Benjamin Wade was the leader of the Senate. He almost became president, but Johnson was found not guilty by one vote. Johnson had been the vice president for Abraham Lincoln. He became president after the assassination of Lincoln. Because of Lincoln's assassination, there was no vice president at the time.
In 1886, after the death of Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks, Congress passed a law that took out the leaders of the Senate and House of Representatives from the line of succession. The new person behind the vice president in line was Secretary of State, followed by other Cabinet members. The leaders of the Senate and House were restored to the line of succession by the Presidential Succession Act of 1947.
Present line of succession
Below is the current line of succession for the president of the United States:
Notes
References
Other websites
Ask Gleaves: Presidential Succession
Presidential Succession Act of 1792, 1 Stat. 239
"Presidential Line of Succession Examined" , September 20 2003
Presidential line of succession at various times in history
Presidency of the United States
Walter Momper

Walter Momper (born 21 February 1945) is a German politician. He was the Governing Mayor of Berlin (West Berlin 1989-1990, reunited Berlin 1990-1991). He was President of the Bundesrat in 1989/90. He was at the opening of the Brandenburg Gate on 22 December 1989 and, on 3 October 1990, became the first mayor of a reunited Berlin.
References
1945 births
Living people
Mayors of Berlin
Christopher Marlowe

Christopher "Kit" Marlowe (1564-30 May 1593) was a major dramatist, poet, and translator of English Renaissance drama. Swinburne has written that: "Marlowe is a Father of English Tragedy and the creator of English blank verse and therefore also the teacher and guide of Shakespeare." He was born the same year as Shakespeare, or at least baptised, but lived only to the age of 29, when he was murdered in a brawl.
Marlowe was the son of a shoemaker in Canterbury. His intelligence won him scholarships, to King's School in Canterbury at age 15, and two years later to the University of Cambridge. Marlowe was well-educated; he earned a bachelor's degree in 1584 and a master's degree in 1587.
Marlowe's plays were both popular and controversial, in his own era and later. His plays deal with disturbing subjects like devil worship (Doctor Faustus), homosexuality (Edward II), and anti-Semitism (The Jew of Malta). Marlowe is generally regarded as master of blank verse.
In addition to seven plays, Marlowe wrote one long poem, Hero and Leander, and one famous shorter poem, "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love."
Marlowe's death was also highly controversial. He was killed in a tavern brawl, stabbed in the head. Marlowe was, or sometimes claimed to be, an atheist, at a time when atheism was a crime that could be punished by death. Some people have wondered if his death were connected with these other issues.
Uncertainty about Marlowe's death has led some people to believe that Marlowe faked his death and continued to write plays using the name "William Shakespeare." This is called the "Marlovian theory." In modern times, the changes were attempted to rename the theory in "Derogation of the king."
Plays
Dido Queen of Carthage
Tamburlaine, Parts 1 and 2
The Jew of Malta
Doctor Faustus
Edward II
The Massacre at Paris
Other possible works
The Contention of York and Lancaster (or The First Part of the Contention betwixt the Two Famous Houses of York and Lancaster) is an annoymous work that some people think may have been written by Marlowe. It was the basis for Shakespeare's play Henry VI, Part 2.
References
1564 births
1593 deaths
Canterbury
English murder victims
English playwrights
English poets
Murders by blade weapons
People murdered in England
Spies
Writers from Kent
English translators
Plays by Christopher Marlowe
VY Canis Majoris

VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa) is a red hypergiant star in the constellation Canis Major. It is about distant from Earth. It is one of the biggest known stars in the universe, and one of the most luminous of its type.
VY Canis Majoris is 1,420 times bigger than the Sun. If placed at the center of the Solar System (where the Sun is), VY Canis Majoris's surface would extend beyond Jupiter's orbit. However, there is some differences in the estimates of how big it is. Other estimates of the radius made it bigger than the orbit of Saturn or even as small as the asteroid belt, but these are highly unlikely.
VY CMa is a single star, a "semiregular" variable with a period of about 2,001 days. It has an average density of 5 to 10 mg/m3.
When it dies it is expected to explode to a Supernova and then turn into a Black hole.
Related pages
VV Cephei
NML Cygni
Mu Cephei
List of largest stars
References
Red giants
Variable stars
Hypergiants
High Island, Texas

High Island is an unincorporated area in Galveston County, Texas. It is in the extreme eastern part of the county on Bolivar Peninsula, less than one mile from Chambers county and less than two miles from Jefferson county. As of 1990, 500 people resided in High Island.
In 2007, Hurricane Humberto made landfall near High Island.
Other websites
Houston Audubon - High Island
List of over 230 bird species seen at High Island
Unincorporated communities in Texas
Jesus Dosado

Jesus Armamento Dosado, C.M. (1 September 1939 - 22 June 2020) was a Filipino Archbishop. He was Archbishop of Ozamiz from 1981 until his retirement in 2016. He was born in Sogod, Cebu. He was ordained priest on 26 May 1966 and became a member of Congregation of the Mission (CM).
Dosado died on 22 June 2020, aged 80.
References
Other websites
CBCP
Filipino Roman Catholic archbishops
1939 births
2020 deaths
Philadelphia 76ers

The Philadelphia 76ers (called 76ers or Sixers for short) are an American professional basketball team in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They play in the National Basketball Association (NBA). They started in the year 1946 as the Syracuse Nationals. They joined the NBA in 1949. The 76ers have won three NBA championships in 1955, 1967, and 1983.
References
Other websites
National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Philadelphia
Fillmore County, Minnesota

Fillmore County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 21,228 people lived there. The county seat is Preston.
References
Minnesota counties
2021 Turkey wildfires

The 2021 Turkish wildfires were over a hundred wildfires, mostly in southern Turkey. The wildfires started in Manavgat, Antalya on 28 July 2021. On 30 July 2021 there were wildfires in 17 provinces, including Adana, Osmaniye, Mersin and Kayseri. The fires stopped on 12 August.
References
2021 disasters in Asia
2021 fires
2021 fires in Asia
wildfires
August 2021 events
July 2021 events
2020s disasters in Turkey
Bertha Krupp

Bertha Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (29 March 1886 - 21 September 1957) was a member of the Krupp family, Germany's leading industrial dynasty of the 19th and 20th centuries. As the elder child and heir of Friedrich Alfred Krupp she was the sole proprietor of the Krupp industrial empire from 1902 to 1943, although her husband, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, ran the company in her name. In 1943 ownership of the company was transferred to her son Alfried.
References
1886 births
1955 deaths
German businesspeople
Eddie Deezen

Edward Harry Deezen (born March 6, 1957 in Cumberland, Maryland) is an American actor and comedian. He played bit parts as nerd characters in 1970s and 1980s movies such as Grease, Grease 2, Midnight Madness, I Wanna Hold Your Hand, 1941 and WarGames. He starred in Surf II: Surf II: The End of the Trilogy, Mob Boss, Beverly Hills Vamp and Teenage Exorcist. In animation, he is recognized for his distinctively high-pitched and nasal voice, which has been used for Mandark in the Cartoon Network series Dexter's Laboratory, Snipes the Magpie in Rock-a-Doodle, Ned in Kim Possible and the Know-It-All Kid in The Polar Express.
1957 births
Living people
Comedians from Maryland
Actors from Maryland
Barium sulfide

Barium sulfide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaS. It contains barium and sulfide ions.
Properties
Barium sulfide is colorless when pure. It can get colored when it is not pure. It reacts slowly with water to make barium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide. It reacts with acids to make a barium salt and hydrogen sulfide, too.
Preparation
It is made by reduction of barium sulfate with carbon at a high temperature.
Uses
It is used to make barium compounds from barium ore.
Safety
Barium sulfide looks very similar to barium sulfate. Barium sulfate is not toxic, while barium sulfide is very toxic. Barium sulfide dissolves in water to make toxic hydrogen sulfide and toxic barium hydroxide. If someone is fed barium sulfide, it would kill them.
Related pages
Barium chloride
Barium carbonate
Sulfur compounds
Barium compounds
Woodbridge, Connecticut

Woodbridge is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 9,087 at the 2020 census.
References
Towns in Connecticut
Fairfax County, Virginia

Fairfax County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. In the year 2020, 1,150,309 people lived in this county. The county seat is Fairfax.
References
Virginia counties
Movius Line

The Movius Line is a theoretical line drawn across northern India. It was proposed by the American archaeologist Hallam L. Movius in 1948 to show a technological difference between the early prehistoric tool technologies of the east and the west of the Old World.
Movius noticed that the palaeolithic stone tools from sites east of northern India never contained handaxes. They had less formal implements known as chopping tools. These were sometimes as extensively worked as the Acheulean tools from further west, but could not be described as true handaxes. Movius then drew a line on a map of India to show where the difference occurred, dividing the tools of Africa, Europe and Western and Southern Asia from those of Eastern and South-eastern Asia.
Fossil evidence also suggests a difference in the evolutionary development of the people who made the two different tool types across the Movius Line. The line is still in use as a distinction between the two traditions. The existence of the line, in terms of stone tool technology and human evolution, is still not explained.
References
Cutting tools
Stone Age
Archaeological sites in India
Labourse

Labourse is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck

John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (March 13, 1899 - October 27, 1980) was an American physicist and mathematician. He was co-awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977.
References
1899 births
1980 deaths
American physicists
Harvard University faculty
Scientists from Connecticut