pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
1116

Year 1116 (MCXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area
Africa
Baldwin I of Jerusalem begins an invasion of Egypt.
The Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya, Ali ibn Yahya, takes over the independent island of Jerba, then acting as an independent piratical republic.
Americas
The Aztecs leave Aztlan, searching for the site of what will eventually become Tenochtitlan (later Mexico City).
Europe
The Portuguese, under the leadership of countess Theresa take two Galician cities, Tui and Ourense. In reply, the sister of Countess Theresa, Queen Urraca of Leon and Castile, attacks Portugal.
Almoravid troops take over the Balearic islands whose Muslim king had been severely weakened by Pisan and Catalan raiders.
By topic
Arts and technology
The modern book of separate pages stitched together is invented in China.
Construction starts on the Chennakesava Temple in India.
Aak music is introduced to the Korean court by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty.
Births
Roger de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford (d. 1173)
Deaths
February 3 - Coloman of Hungary (b. 1070)
February 25 - Robert of Arbrissel, a preacher and founder of the abbey of Fontevrault (b. c. 1045)
References
Yavapai County, Arizona

Yavapai County is near the center of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, its population was 236,209. The county seat is Prescott.
References
Arizona counties
Insulin

Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas in the body that controls the glucose level in the blood.
Insulin promotes the absorption of sugar from the blood. The sugar is stored as fat cells. People who cannot make insulin in their bodies, or enough for their needs, have the disease diabetes.
When blood glucose levels fall below a certain level, the human body begins to use stored sugar as an energy source through glycogenolysis. This process breaks down the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles into glucose which can then be used as an energy source. Insulin is a central metabolic control mechanism. Insulin is also used as a control signal to other body systems (such as amino acid uptake by body cells). In addition, it has several other anabolic effects throughout the body.
Human insulin is a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 5808 Da. The islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produces insulin. The name comes from the Latin insula for "island". Insulin's structure varies slightly between species of animals. Porcine insulin is especially close to the human version. So, people with diabetes can take in insulin got from pigs instead of producing their own insulin.
History
Nicolae Paulescu, a Romanian professor of physiology was the first to isolate insulin. He did that in 1916. He called it pancrein. He isolated it by developing a pancreatic extract which, when injected into a diabetic dog, proved to have a normalizing effect on blood sugar levels. He had to interrupt his experiments because of World War I. In early 1921 he wrote four papers about his work carried out in Bucharest and his tests on a diabetic dog. Later that year, he published an extensive paper on the effect of the pancreatic extract injected into a diabetic animal. The title was: "Research on the Role of the Pancreas in Food Assimilation", published 22 June 1921 by the "Archives Internationales de Physiologie",
Frederick Banting did similar experiments while trying to find a cure for diabetes. In these experiments they used dogs.
They first knew insulin would control diabetes in a person when they injected some insulin into a 14-year-old boy named Leonard Thompson, who was dying of diabetes. After the injection he survived. Banting won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with John Macleod, for the discovery of insulin.
The first genetically engineered, synthetic "human" insulin was produced in a laboratory in 1977 by Herbert Boyer using E. coli.
Related pages
Peptide hormone
References
Anti-diabetic drugs
Hormones
Proteins
Anti-lock braking system

An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety system that prevents the wheels of a vehicle (for example car, motorcycle) from locking up when it is strongly braked. The goal is to keep the vehicle controllable, because a wheeled vehicle can only be safely steered when its wheels are not skidding.
Automotive technologies
Parícutin

Paricutin is a volcano in Mexico in the state of Michoacan. It is the youngest volcano in the western hemisphere, born in 1943. It is now 1,353 feet (424m) above the valley, and 9,186 feet (2,800m) above sea level.
References
Volcanoes of Mexico
Petit-Landau

Petit-Landau is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
It lies along the Grand Canal d'Alsace.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Hergensweiler

Hergensweiler is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. It is member of the municipal association of Sigmarszell.
References
Lindau (district)
M. Emmet Walsh

Michael Emmet Walsh (born March 22, 1935) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He has appeared in over 200 movies and television series. He is known for his roles in The Jerk, Blood Sample, Killer Image, Christmas with the Kranks and in Wild Wild West.
According to Roger Ebert's Stanton-Walsh Rule, "no movie featuring either Harry Dean Stanton or M. Emmet Walsh in a supporting role can be altogether bad." Ebert later conceded that this rule was broken by 1999's Wild Wild West (Walsh) and Dream a Little Dream (Stanton).
References
Other websites
1935 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York (state)
John Fitchett

John Fitchett (1776-1838) was an English poet.
Biography
John Fitchett was born on 21 September 1776. He became an orphan very early. He studied law and became an attorney. He lived in Warrington, England. In 1796 he published his first work named Bewsey, a Poem. John Fitchett never married. He died on 20 October 1838.
King Alfred
John Fitchett is remembered as the author of an epic poem named King Alfred. It was published in the years 1841-1842. It took forty years to write it. It tells about English King Alfred the Great, who lived during the 9th century and fought against the Vikings. The poem is a literary curiosity. It is probably the longest poem ever written in English. John Fitchett left it unfinished, but his friend Robert Roscoe finished and published it. King Alfred is over 131 000 lines long. 2585 more lines were added by Roscoe.
References
Epic poems
English poets
1776 births
1838 deaths
19th-century British poems
Santoche

Santoche is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Pays-de-Clerval.
References
Former communes in Doubs
Rufoclanis erlangeri

Rufoclanis erlangeri are a type of moth. They are from the family of Sphingidae. It is from Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya.
Rufoclanis erlangeris are a lot like Rufoclanis numosae. Rufoclanis erlangeri, however, are smaller and greyer.
References
Smerinthini
José Mário Branco

Jose Mario Branco (25 May 1945 - 19 November 2019) was a Portuguese singer-songwriter, actor, and record producer. He was a critic of the Salazar regime and as a result, he was exiled in France in 1963. He worked with musicians Sergio Godinho and Zeca Afonso, whose records he produced and recorded at the Chateau d'Herouville studios.
Branco died of a stroke on 19 November 2019 at the age of 77.
References
1942 births
2019 deaths
Portuguese singers
Portuguese activists
Singer-songwriters
Portuguese writers
Portuguese movie actors
Record producers
Chamaerops

Chamaerops is a genus of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae (palm family). There is one species called Chamaerops humilis (European fan palm, Mediterranean dwarf palm or dwarf fan palm). It is the only palm species native to continental Europe. It is found in coastal areas of southern France, Morocco and Italy. It is a shrub-like clumping palm, with several stems growing from a single base. The stems grow slowly and often tightly together, eventually reaching 2-5 m tall.
References
Arecaceae
Hadesarchaea

Hadesarchaea are very small living things. They are thermophile Archaea that live in very hot places underground. People have found them in sand at the bottom of the ocean, deep mines, hot springs, and other places underground.
Name
Hadesarchaea were first called the South-African Gold Mine Miscellaneous Euryarchaeal Group (SAGMEG) because they were found in a gold mine in South Africa. They were renamed Hadesarchaea in 2016 (Hades was the Greek god who ruled the land of the dead).
Genome
In 2016, scientists used a method called shotgun sequencing to make a model of the Hadesarchaea genome. A genome is all the genes in an living thing and the other pieces of DNA and RNA that help them work. The Hadesarchaea genome is about 1.5 Megabase pairs in size, which is about 0.5 Mbp smaller than most other Archaea. The scientists think the small genome is how the Hadesarchaea can stay alive with only a little to eat.
Scientists believe Hadesarchaea came from an ancestor that used methane as food.
Ecology
The first Hadesarchaea that people found were in a mine in South Africa about 3 km (2 mi) under the surface of the Earth. They do not need oxygen or light to live. They were later also found in the White Oak River estuary in North Carolina, a place where a river meets the ocean, and in Yellowstone National Park's Lower Culex Basin. These areas are hot, 70 degC (158 degF), and are so alkaline that they would destroy most living things. Other scientists looked through the soil near old mines in East Harz, Germany and think they may have found pieces of 16S rRNA that could be from Hadesarchaea or their close relatives.
Hadesarchaea are the only archaea that can turn carbon monoxide and water into carbon dioxide and oxygen. When they do this, the reaction gives off hydrogen. Scientists looked at more information about the Hadesarchaea genome and believe they have genes that let them put carbon atoms into other molecules and make methane. Other scientists think Hadesarchaea may be able to use sugar and amino acids as fuel and change nitrite into ammonium. Scientists think Hadesarchaea help in geochemical processes.
Related pages
Archaea
Microbiology
References
Archaeans
Microbiology
Prokaryotes
Labastide-sur-Bésorgues

Labastide-sur-Besorgues is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Pfalz D.III

The Pfalz D.III is a biplane fighter aircraft. It was flown during World War I. It was a single-engine aircraft. It was very fast when diving. The Pfalz D.III was often used to attack observation balloons.
German military aircraft
World War I aircraft
Hunderdorf

Hunderdorf is a municipality in Straubing-Bogen in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Straubing-Bogen
Tardets-Sorholus

Tardets-Sorholus is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
References
Tardets-Sorholus
Mooning

Mooning is the act of displaying one's bare buttocks, by removing clothing. Very often, poeple also bend over, and their genitals may be visible as well. In English-speaking countries, mooning is used to show protest, or disrespect. It can also be done as a form of provocation. Mooning can be done for shock value, for fun, as a joke or as a form of exhibitionism. The Maori have a form of mooning known as that is a form of insult.
In some countries, mooning is seen as a form of indecent exposure. This often depends on the context.
Nudity
Civil disobedience
Fruges

Fruges is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Flag of Guatemala

The flag of Guatemala was created in 1871.
Appearance
It has a vertical band of light blue (hoist-side and fly-side) and white, with the national emblem centered on the white band.
Guatemala
National symbols of Guatemala
Marilyn McCord Adams

Marilyn McCord Adams (October 12, 1943 - March 22, 2017) was an American philosopher and priest of the Episcopal Church. She specialized in philosophy of religion, philosophical theology and medieval philosophy.
Adams is known for writing her 1999 persuasive narrative Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God.
Adams was born on October 12, 1943 in the United States. She studied at University of Illinois, at Cornell University, at Princeton Theological Seminary and at Oxford University. She married philosopher Robert Merrihew Adams from 1966 until her death in 2017.
Adams died on March 22, 2017 in Princeton, New Jersey from cancer, aged 73.
References
Other websites
McCord Adams' faculty page at Oxford University
Sermon on issues in human sexuality (2004)
Episode of In Our Time (May 2007), "Ockham's Razor", BBC Radio 4.
Interview with Philosophy Bites on evil and optimism
On Adams' "aesthetic" theodicy.
1943 births
2017 deaths
Cancer deaths in New Jersey
American philosophers
German Lutheran pastors
Writers from New Jersey
Les contes d'Hoffmann

Les contes d'Hoffmann (The Tales of Hoffmann) is a French opera. It has a prologue, three acts and an epilogue. The music was written by Jacques Offenbach. The libretto was written by Jules Berbier and Michel Carre. It is based on E.T.A Hoffmann's Dr Sandmann, Geschichte von Verloreren Spiegelbilde. The opera was first performed in Paris, on 10 February 1881.
The opera was the last and perhaps greatest work of Offenbach. It was not quite finished when he died. The final score was completed by Ernest Guiraud. Guiraud also wrote the recitatives, though at first it was meant to have spoken-dialogue. The work was an immediate success and has remained so since its creation.
Principal characters
Hoffmann - tenor
Olympia - soprano
Antonia - soprano
Giuletta - soprano
Stella - soprano
Dr Miracle - bass
Dapertutto - bass
Coppelius - bass
Lindorf - bass
Nicklaus - mezzo-soprano
Spalanzani - tenor
Ideally, the four soprano roles should be sung by the same singer as well as the four bass roles as they represent different aspects of two characters.
Sources
The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
1880s operas
Fujita SC Mercury

was a Japanese women's football team which played in Nadeshiko League. It founded the league back in 1989. The club was disbanded in 1999.
Club name
Fujita Tendai SC Mercury : 1990 - 1994
Fujita SC Mercury : 1995 - 1999
Results
Honors
Domestic competitions
Empress's Cup
'''Champions (1) : 1995
Other websites
1990 establishments in Japan
1999 disestablishments in Japan
Japanese football clubs
Kanagawa Prefecture
Logo (programming language)

The article about graphical symbols is at Logo
Logo is a programming language that is easy to learn. It is used to teach students and children to program a computer. It was developed to process lists of words. It was like the language LISP.
History
In 1967, the first Logo ran on a mainframe computer, a machine called a teletype was used to type in and printout the results. There was no screen.
In 1969, it was used to control a Floor Turtle. Commands were added to send the turtle forwards and backwards, and to turn the turtle to left or right. This turtle had pen with different colors. When it moved, it left a trail on the floor.
Versions
When a new version of Logo was developed to draw graphics on a screen, it used the same commands. This was called Turtle graphics.
There are 170 versions of Logo. Many of them are open source and free. There are three Logo textbooks that can be downloaded free. Logo is usually an interpreted language.
Examples
Hello World
Load the Logo program. Type the next line in the command box.
print [Hello World!]
The computer replies.
Hello World!
Example Showing Graphics and Functional Programming
A spiral drawn using recursion.
Using the editor, type in this new definition.
to spiral :size
if :size > 30 [stop] ; a condition stop
fd :size rt 15 ; many lines of action
spiral :size *1.02 ; the tailend recursive call
end
Type this in the command box.
spiral 10
On the screen you will see.
Other websites
Logo Programs
MSWLogo For Windows
FMSLogo For Windows
Berkeley Logo (UCBLogo)
Microworlds Microworlds, a commercial Logo for Mac and Windows
Elica a 3D Logo for Windows
Lhogho a Logo compiler for Linux and Windows
Surf Your Logo Code A modern web based Logo interpreter using HTML5 and JQuery.
MaLT (Machine Lab Turtlesphere) A web based 3D Logo application with the feature of dynamic manipulation (developed in HTML5 & three.js).
Online books
A Logo Tutorial for the OLPC project
The Great Logo Adventure, Jim Muller A book for children.
Computer Science Logo Style, Brian Harvey, MIT Press (3 volumes) , , . Advanced books.
References
Programming languages
Live 8

Live 8 was a rock concert organized by activist Bob Geldof. The concert took place in nine places at once on July 2, 2005. Like Bob's Live Aid concert, Live 8 was made for helping out African citizens who were not getting enough food and medicine. However, this concert was not for charity. Instead, it was held to make people aware of the famine in Africa. Bob wanted to make the political group named the G8 give more to Africa. The concerts featured singers like Paul McCartney, Juan Diego Florez and U2.
In November 2005, the concerts were released on DVD. The money used to buy the DVD sets was also used to help Africans.
2005 in music
Concerts
El Quartelejo Ruins

El Quartelejo, or El Cuartelejo (from Spanish cuartelejo, meaning far quarter or district), is the name given to the archeological ruins of the northernmost Indian pueblo. It is the only known pueblo in Kansas. It is in Lake Scott State Park. The ruins of the stone and adobe pueblo are north of Scott City, Kansas, on Ladder Creek.
References
Other websites
El Quartelejo Museum - Local museum named after the ruins
El Cuartelejo - "The Home Far Away"
Text of highway historical marker
National Register of Historic Places
Gary Dubin

Gary Michael Dubin (May 5, 1959 - October 8, 2016) was an American television, movie and voice actor. He was best known for his portrayal of Punky Lazaar, a friend of Danny's on The Partridge Family. He also voiced Toulouse in The Aristocats in 1970. He played the part of ill-fated teenager Eddie Marchant, who was eaten by the shark in Jaws 2.
Other websites
1959 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
San Francisco Renaissance

The San Francisco Renaissance is a name for the work of a group of poets in San Francisco in the 1950s and '60s. This poetry made San Francisco famous in the 1950s as a place where new writing was happening. The "renaissance," or "re-birth," was not one thing. It describes the coming together of many different groups and individuals.
A poetry reading at the Six Gallery on October 13, 1955 was the first public event. It was organized by older poet Kenneth Rexroth. During this reading, five poets--Allen Ginsberg, Philip Lamantia, Michael McClure, Gary Snyder, and Philip Whalen--read their work. The most exciting was Ginsberg's reading of his long poem "Howl". This is called the beginning of Beat poetry. But other kinds of poetry--like those connected to the Black Mountain School--were also part of the San Francisco Renaissance.
Other poets who are part of the Renaissance are Robert Duncan, Robert Creeley, Jack Spicer, Joanne Kyger, Robin Blaser, and William Everson.
After the 1960s, the Renaissance continued in the poetry of Robert Hass, Robert Pinsky, Denise Levertov, Lorna Dee Cervantes, Victor Hernandez, Ron Silliman, Leslie Scalapino, and Lyn Hejinian.
Sources
Print
Allen, Donald M., ed. The New American Poetry: 1945-1960 (1960, 1999)
Ellingham, Lewis & Killian, Kevin. Poet Be Like God: Jack Spicer and the San Francisco Renaissance (1998)
French, Warren G. "The San Francisco Poetry Renaissance 1955-1960" (1991)
Davidson, Michael. The San Francisco Renaissance: Poetics and Community at Mid-Century (1989).
Kerouac, Jack The Dharma Bums (1958)
Snyder, Gary The Real Work: Interviews & Talks 1964-1979 (1980)
Spicer, Jack The Collected Books of Jack Spicer. Edited and with commentary by Robin Blaser (1975)
Watts, Alan W. "Breakthrough" (chapter) in In My Own Way (1972)
Recordings and sound-files
Howls, Raps & Roars: Recordings from the San Francisco poetry renaissance (compilation) (Universal Music Group, 1963; Fantasy Records 1993)
References
Other websites
The Beats and the San Francisco Renaissance Captured April 25, 2005.
City Lights History
Poetry
San Francisco
Tualatin, Oregon

Tualatin () is a city in Washington County in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population was 26,054 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Oregon
Jesús López Cobos

Jesus Lopez Cobos (25 February 1940 - 2 March 2018) was a Spanish conductor. He was born in Toro, Zamora.
From 1981 to 1990 he was general music director of the Deutsche Oper Berlin and from 1984 to 1988 he was music director of the Orquesta Nacional de Espana. From 1986 to 2001 he served as music director of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, and from 1990 to 2000 he was principal conductor of the Orchestre de Chambre de Lausanne. From 2003 to 2010 he served as music director of the Teatro Real in Madrid.
Lopez Cobos died in Berlin, Germany of neuroendocrine cancer on 2 March 2018 at the age of 78.
References
1940 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from neuroendocrine cancer
Cancer deaths in Germany
Spanish conductors
Poughkeepsie (town), New York

The Town of Poughkeepsie is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Towns in New York (state)
Dutchess County, New York
Kongsberg attack

The Kongsberg attack happened on 13 October 2021. A man attacked seven people with a bow and arrow and a knife in Kongsberg, Norway. Five people were killed and two injured, and the suspected perpetrator was taken into custody. The attacker reportedly moved through the town and attacked people at many places before being arrested.
References
2021 mass shootings in Europe
2020s in Norway
2020s murders in Europe
Crime in Norway
Mass stabbings in Europe
Murder in 2021
October 2021 events
Rod Paige

Roderick Raynor "Rod" Paige (born June 17, 1933), served as the 7th United States Secretary of Education from 2001 to 2005. He was the first African American to serve as the nation's education chief. He earned a bachelor's degree from Jackson State University in Mississippi and a Master's degree and an Ed.D from Indiana University Bloomington. He also holds an honorary doctoral degree from the University of Houston presented to him in 2000.
Paige was sitting with George W. Bush at the Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida, when Bush received the news that a second plane had hit the World Trade Center in the September 11, 2001 attacks.
On November 15, 2004, Paige announced his resignation after overseeing the President's education agenda for four years. White House domestic policy adviser Margaret Spellings was nominated as his successor. The U.S. Senate confirmed her on January 20, 2005 after Bush's inauguration for a second term.
1933 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Education
Politicians from Mississippi
Deering, Alaska

Deering is a city in Alaska, United States. It is on the Seward Peninsula.
References
Cities in Alaska
1970 establishments in Alaska
Killing Reagan

Killing Reagan: A Violent Assault That Changed a Presidency is a book written by Bill O'Reilly and Martin Dugard. It is about the attempted assassination of U.S President Ronald Reagan.
The book is the fifth in the Killing series. It follows Killing Lincoln, Killing Kennedy, Killing Jesus, and Killing Patton. The book was released on September 22, 2015.
On September 26, 2015, National Geographic announced that a television movie version was being made. There was no specific release date or cast. In May 2016, it was announced that Tim Matheson and Cynthia Nixon would play Ronald and Nancy Reagan respectively in the movie. Filming was to begin in late May. The movie was to be released sometime in the fall of 2016.
References
2015 books
Ronald Reagan
M. V. Raghavan

Melathu Veettil Raghavan (born 5 May 1933 - 9 November 2014) was a veteran Communist leader and a former Minister in Kerala state of India. He is the General Secretary of Communist Marxist Party, an alliance partner in the United Democratic Front.
Raghavan died of Parkinson's disease, aged 81.
References
1933 births
2014 deaths
Politicians from Kerala
Indian communist politicians
Data breach

A data breach is a security violation. It causes all sensitive, protected or confidential data to be copied, transmitted, viewed, stolen or used by an unauthorized person or organisation. This term is known as unintentional information disclosure, data leak, information leakage, and data spill. A deliberate data breach by a person privy to the information, typically for political purposes, is more often known as a "leak".
Data breaches may involve financial information such as credit card and debit card details, bank details, personal health information (PHI), Personally identifiable information (PII), trade secrets of corporations or intellectual property. Data breaches may involve overexposed and vulnerable unstructured data - files, documents, and sensitive information.
Data breaches can be quite costly to organizations with direct costs (remediation, investigation, etc) and indirect costs (reputational damages, providing cyber security to victims of compromised data, etc.).
ISO/IEC 27040 defines a data breach as: compromise of security that leads to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure of, or access to protected data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed.
References
Other websites
"CloudTech24 leverage real-time security monitoring to develop actionable insights. We provide 360 visibility to securely manage your devices, cloud platforms, and end users.
"Breaches Affecting 500 or More Individuals", Breaches reported to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services by (HIPAA-covered) entities
Security
Saas Almagell

Saas-Almagell is a municipality of the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website of Saas-Almagell
Municipalities of Valais
Zamboanga Peninsula

Zamboanga Peninsula is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is also known as Region IX. The regional center is Pagadian.
The region has three provinces (Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Sur) and two cities (Isabela City and Zamboanga City).
References
Regions of the Philippines
Peninsulas of Asia
Twente

Twente or (obsolete) Twenthe (Low Saxon: Tweante) is a historical region in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. Its (informal) capital and biggest city is Enschede.
Twente borders Salland region (also Overijssel) in the west and north, Achterhoek region (province of Gelderland) in the south, County of Bentheim (Lower Saxony, Germany) in the northeast, and Munsterland (North Rhine-Westphalia, also Germany) in the southeast.
As of 2021, about 633,000 people were living in (administrative) Twente. They are nicknamed Tukkers and speak Tweants, which is a Low Saxon dialect.
Until the 1960s textile industry was flourishing in Twente.
Municipalities
These 14 municipalities belong (administratively) to Twente region:
Almelo
Borne
Dinkelland
Enschede
Haaksbergen
Hellendoorn (most part in Salland region)
Hengelo
Hof van Twente
Losser
Oldenzaal
Rijssen-Holten (partially in Salland)
Tubbergen
Twenterand (partially in Salland)
Wierden
Netwerkstad Twente
Almelo, Borne, Enschede, Hengelo, and Oldenzaal are working together in the so-called Netwerkstad Twente. Its aim is to improve the economy of Twente. About 370,000 people were living in Netwerkstad Twente in 2021.
Related pages
Achterhoek
Kop van Overijssel
Salland
References
Plaatsengids.nl
Other websites
Visittwente.com (tourism)
Regions of the Netherlands
Bourges

Bourges is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Cher department.
Sister cities
Bourges is twinned with:
Augsburg, Germany
Aveiro, Portugal
Forli, Italy
Koszalin, Poland
Palencia, Spain
Peterborough, United Kingdom
Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
Communes in Cher
Departmental capitals in France
Charleval, Bouches-du-Rhône

Charleval is a commune of 2,080 people (1999). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Communes in Bouches-du-Rhone
Lollia Paulina

Lollia Paulina (15 - 49 AD) was an empress in the Roman Empire. She was the wife of Caligula. Pliny the Elder cites Paulina as an example of Roman ostentation.
References
15 births
49 deaths
Ibarra, Spain

Ibarra is a municipality in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.
References
Municipalities in the Basque Country
Veruno

Veruno was a comune in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy. On 1 January 2019, the former municipalities of Gattico and Veruno merged to form the new municipality of Gattico-Veruno.
Former municipalities of Piedmont
Cookware and bakeware

Cookware and bakeware is the name of different tools, which are used to prepare cooked food. In modern times, a stove or oven generates heat, it is not seen as cookware. Different containers are then used to heat the food. Commonly these are frying pans, and cooking pots. If these tools are used for baking, they are usually called bakeware.
People have used different forms of cookware and bakeware for at least 19.500 years.
Aluminium is a lightweight metal with very good thermal conductivity. It is resistant to many forms of corrosion. Aluminium is commonly available in sheet, cast, or anodized forms, and may be physically combined with other metals.
Cast iron cookware is slow to heat, but once at temperature provides even heating. Cast iron can also withstand very high temperatures, making cast iron pans ideal for searing. But cast iron may have chemical reactions with high acid foods such as wine or tomatoes. Also, some foods (such as spinach) cooked on bare cast iron will turn black.
Stainless steel is well known for its excellent durability and versatility in the kitchen. Crafted from a combination of metals, including iron, carbon, and chromium, stainless steel offers impressive resistance to rust, corrosion, and staining. This makes it a popular choice for everyday cooking and baking needs.
References
Cooking
Tools
Ponts sur Seulles

Ponts sur Seulles is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Lantheuil (the seat), Amblie and Tierceville.
References
2017 establishments in France
Communes in Calvados
Luis H. Álvarez

Luis Hector Alvarez Alvarez (October 25, 1919 - May 18, 2016) was a Mexican industrialist and politician. Alvarez was a member of the National Action Party. In 1958 he was a candidate for the Presidency of Mexico. He has also served as Mayor of Chihuahua. He served as President of the National Action Party from 1987 through 1993.
Other websites
Biography of Luis H. Alvarez
1919 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Mexican mayors
RoboCop 3

RoboCop 3 is a 1993 American science fiction film action movie. It is the third movie in the RoboCop franchise and was directed by Fred Dekker. It's a sequel to RoboCop and RoboCop 2. Robert John Bruke replaces Peter Weller as the cyborg RoboCop. Nancy Allen starrs as his colleague for the third and last time. It is set in a crime-ridden dystopian Detroit, Michigan in the near future. A remake of the first film of the same name released in February 2014. The film picks off where the second film left off.
References
1993 action movies
1993 science fiction movies
American action movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Detroit
Movies set in the future
RoboCop
Drone movies
Dystopian movies
American superhero movies
American independent movies
Daniel Nii Laryea

Daniel Nii Ayi Laryea (born 11 September 1987) is a professional Ghanaian football referee. He has been an international referee for FIFA since 2014. He is a referee in the Ghana Premier League.
Laryea refereed during the 2020 African Nations Championship hosted by Cameroon which was played in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Laryea was born in Accra, Ghana and attended secondary school at Accra Academy.
References
Sportspeople from Accra
Living people
1987 births
Football referees
Electronic Gaming Monthly

Electronic Gaming Monthly (abbreviated as EGM) is an American video game magazine published by Ziff Davis that started in 1989. It's one of the most popular gaming magazines in America.
April Fools' Day
Every April Fools' Day, Electronic Gaming Monthly does an April Fools' Day joke. One of the most famous is when they said that Sonic and Tails can be found in Super Smash Bros. Melee if the player completes a very hard task, and for a long time after that, people thought that they really were in. Sonic later appeared in Super Smash Bros. Brawl.
Video game magazines
American monthly magazines
1989 establishments in the United States
Keffenach

Keffenach is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Blood and soil

Blood and soil is a concept first developed in the 19th century. It looks at a person's blood, to see where they come from, and who their ancestors were. It also looks at the soil a person is working on, to make a claim that they should indeed work and occupy that land. In the nineteenth century, the idea was linked to racism and to nationalism.
One of the first to use Blut und Boden, or blood and soil was Oswald Spengler in his book Der Untergang des Abendlandes. In the book, Spengler talks about the struggle of blood and soil about the inner form of a relocated species of animal and man. Walther Darre took the phrase and established the link. In his book "Neuadel aus Blut und Boden" (New nobility from blood and soil) he tries to show the relation between economic and agrarian policies, as well as racial ones.
Another idea of the blood and soil ideology comes from Lamarckism: The ethnic characteristics of a population are linked to the geographical regions it inhabits; only in this region will it be able to fully live up to its potential.
There is also a literary genre called blood and soil. In it, it shows an agrarian society living up to this ideals. People writing in this style were Gerhard Schumann and Herbert Bohme. The ideas are also sometimes shown in artworks. Artists included Adolf Ziegler, Arthur Kampf, Arno Breker and Josef Thorak. Very often, such artworks were seen as degenerate art when the Nazi party came to power. Artists had to flee, many died in exile.
Today, the phrase is associated with Nazi ideology. White supremacist gathers at the 2017 Charlottesville riots were heard chanting "blood and soil", presumably to align themselves with Nazism.
References
Political philosophy
Nazism
The Last Story

The Last Story ( in Japan) is a action role-playing video game, developed by Mistwalker and AQ Interactive for the Wii video game console, that published Worldwide by Nintendo and Xseed games in the North American version. Originally released in Japan in 2011, and Worldwide one year later.
2011 video games
Wii games
Wii-only games
Video games developed in Japan
Kingdom of Sicily

The Kingdom of Sicily was a kingdom that existed in southern Italian Peninsula, what is now Sicily, Calabria, Basilicata, Apulia, Campania, and Molise.
History
Norman conquest
The Kingdom of Sicily succeeded the County of Sicily which was created in 1071 during the Norman conquest of the peninsula.
Angevin rule
In 1282, there was a revolt against the Angevin rule, it threw off Charles of Anjou's rule of Sicily. The Angevins are able to maintain control in the main part of the kingdom which became commonly known as the Kingdom of Naples, named after its capital, Naples.
Crown of Aragon
From 1282 to 1409, Sicily was ruled by the Crown of Aragon. After 1302, the island kingdom was sometimes called the Kingdom of Trinacria, In 1816, the Kingdom of Sicily merged with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
In 1861, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was invaded and conquered by an Expedition Corp (Expedition of the Thousand) led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification. After a referendum, Two Sicilies was annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia. Later, with several other northern city-states and duchies, formed the new Kingdom of Italy.
References
Sicily
Former monarchies in Italy
Emperor Go-Murakami

(1328 - 29 March 1368) was the 97th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign started in September 1339 and ended on 29 March 1368..
This 14th century sovereign was named after the 10th century Emperor Murakami and go- (Hou ), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Murakami". The Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Murakami, the second", or as "Murakami II".
Traditional narrative
His personal name was , also known as Yoshiyoshi.
He reigned from Sumiyoshi, Osaka, Yoshino, Nara, and other temporary locations.
Events of Go-Murakami's life
Prince Noriyoshi was a member of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-cho period of rival courts.
18 September 1339 (Engen 3, 5th day of the 8th month): In the 21st year of Go-Daigo's reign, the emperor abdicated at Yoshino in favor of his son, Prince Noriyoshi. The succession (senso) was received by Noriyoshi.
19 September 1339 (Engen 3, 6th day of the 8th month): Go-Daigo died;
29 March 1368 (Shohei 23, 11th day of the 3rd month): Go-Murakami died.
After his death
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the mausoleum (misasagi) of Go-Murakami is in Osaka Prefecture. The emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine in the precincts of Kanshinji temple (Guan Xin Si ) in Kawachinagano, Osaka.
Eras of Go-Murakami's reign
The years of Go-Murakami's reign are more identified by more than one era name.
Nanboku-cho southern court
Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
Engen (1336-1340)
Kokoku (1340-1346)
Shohei (1346-1370)
Nanboku-cho northern court
Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
Ryakuo (1338-1342)
Koei (1342-1345)
Jowa (1345-1350)
Kanno (1350-1352)
Bunna (1352-1356)
Embun (1356-1361)
Koan (1361-1362)
Joji (1362-1368)
Oan (1368-1375)
Related pages
Emperor of Japan
List of emperors of Japan
Japanese imperial family tree
References
Other websites
1328 births
1368 deaths
Emperors of Japan
Sääksmäki

Saaksmaki is a former municipality of Finland. It was merged with Valkeakoski in 1973. Before that, the municipalities next to it were Kalvola, Lempaala, Palkane, Toijala, Tyrvanto (afterwards Hattula), Valkeakoski and Viiala. Its population from 1970 was almost 4,500.
Famouse people
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Finland's third president, was born in Saaksmaki 1861
Other websites
Saaksmaki-seura ry, website
Former municipalities of Finland
John Minto

John Minto (born in 1953) is a Retired Science Teacher at Hornby High School in Christchurch, New Zealand and Former activist During the Springbok Tour. In 1969 John Minto was the Chairman of H.A.R.T (Halt All Racist Tours) a Group to stop the South African Rugby Team Tours of New Zealand. Even police batons were named after Minto, called "Minto Bars". In 2016 John Minto ran for Mayor of Christchurch. Minto had received 13,117 votes, and lost the election.
1950s births
Living people
Battle of the Atlantic

The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II to defeat the Germans in 1945. The British Royal Navy repeated the blockade of Germany of World War II, and Germany repeated its attempt to blockade Britain by using U-boats. The German Navy also tried to use surface warships in the Atlantic Ocean, but lost them in various battles.
Notes
Atlantic
Atlantic Ocean
El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie

El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie (or simply El Camino) is a 2019 American neo-Western crime thriller movie. It is an epilogue to the television series Breaking Bad (2008-2013). Series creator Vince Gilligan wrote, directed and produced the movie.
Aaron Paul reappears as Jesse Pinkman. The plot follows Pinkman and the events right after the series finale. Many other actors from the series reappear in the movie, including Bryan Cranston, Jonathan Banks, Jesse Plemons, Krysten Ritter, Charles Baker, Matt Jones and Robert Forster. El Camino was also Forster's final movie appearance, as he died on the day of its release.
El Camino was released digitally on Netflix and limited theaters on October 11, 2019. It was also shown on TV channel AMC on February 16, 2020. It was given positive reviews from critics.
References
Other websites
2019 crime thriller movies
2010s Western (genre) movies
American sequel movies
English-language movies
Movies based on TV series
Movies set in New Mexico
Netflix movies
2010s American crime thriller movies
American Western (genre) movies
Oprah Winfrey Network

Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN) is an American television channel founded by Oprah Winfrey on January 1, 2011. It replaced the Discovery Health Channel. Much of OWN's programming features reality, talk, as well as scripted dramas and sitcoms targeting African American audiences. As of February 2015, OWN is available to approximately 81.9 million pay television households (70.3% of households with television) in the United States Oprah recorded the network July 2007 - December 2010 Oprah would a no cue the network .
References
2011 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Chicago
American television channels
Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act 2013

The Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act 2013 is an Act of Parliament in New Zealand, which since 19 August 2013, allows same-sex couples to legally marry.
The Act was proposed as a member's bill by MP Louisa Wall in May 2012, and was drawn from the ballot in July of that year. It passed its third reading in the House of Representatives on 17 April 2013, and became law when it received the Royal Assent two days later.
References
Same-sex marriage
New Zealand legislation
The Kremlin Letter

The Kremlin Letter is a 1970 American spy thriller movie directed by John Huston and was based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Noel Behn. It stars Patrick O'Neal, Richard Boone, Max von Sydow, Bibi Andersson, Barbara Perkins, George Sanders, Nigel Green, Orson Welles, Dean Jagger and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1970s spy movies
1970 thriller movies
1970s LGBT movies
American spy movies
American thriller movies
American LGBT movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by John Huston
Movies set in Finland
Lufingen

Lufingen is a municipality in the district of Bulach in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Zurich
Mug

A mug is a container for drinking. It has one handle on the side. It is usually made of ceramic or steel. People might talk about getting a mug of beer at a local pub. They might also drink a mug of coffee in the morning.
Containers
René de Obaldia

Rene de Obaldia (22 October 1918 - 27 January 2022) was a French playwright and poet. He was elected to the Academie francaise on 24 June 1999. He began his career in 1960. His first major play, "Genousie," was presented at the Theatre national populaire.
This was followed by Le Satyre de la Villette, with Andre Barsacq at the Theatre de l'Atelier, a comedy which ranked him with his literary forebears Jacques Audiberti, Ionesco, Beckett. He has been, for more than fifty years, one of the most-produced French playwrights on the planet, as well as the most internationally renowned (having been translated into 28 languages).
In 1985 he was awarded the Grand Prix du Theatre de l'Academie Francaise.
De Obaldia died in Paris on 27 January 2022, at the age of 103.
References
Other websites
L'Academie francaise
1918 births
2022 deaths
French playwrights
French poets
Maia Hirasawa

Maia Hirasawa, born May 5, 1980 in Sollentuna, Sweden, is a Swedish-Japanese singer-songwriter.
Discography
Albums
Extended plays
2006 - The My New Friend EP
2010 - Drom bort mig igen
2011 - Boom!
Singles
Songs as featured artist
References
Other websites
Maia Hirasawa official website
Maia Hirasawa on MySpace
LAist Interview
1980 births
Living people
Swedish musicians
Tag team

In professional wrestling, a tag team is a team of two wrestlers who are working together as a team (more than two is called a stable). Most of the time they are close partners and backstage friends who team with each other almost all the time, while other times they are wrestlers that fight by themselves most of the time who team together for just one match.
They usually wrestle against the same number of other wrestlers on the other team or teams, however in the occasional "handicap match" there may be more wrestlers on one team then the other, for example Andre the Giant often wrestled against two or more opponents.
Professional wrestling
Floure

Floure is a commune of 386 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
References
Communes in Aude
Google Wave

Google Wave is an internet application made by Google. Google describes Wave as an application which "lets you communicate and collaborate in real time". This means that Wave can be used for several people to edit a document at the same time, or for a group discussion. Waves can be used in a similar way to a forum, or just for emails and instant messaging between two or more people.
To use Google Wave in some browsers like Internet Explorer, you have to install Google Chrome Frame. This makes Internet explorer behave like Google Chrome on the Wave website. This is needed because Internet Explorer does not have enough features for Wave to work: it does not have full HTML5 support.
Google Wave was discontinued in 2010. It has been open sourced as Apache Wave.
References
Other websites
Google Wave website
Google
Perry Johnson 2024 presidential campaign

The presidential campaign of businessman Perry Johnson began on March 2, 2023 after he filed to run with the Federal Election Commission.
Background
Johnson also ran a Super Bowl commercial in Iowa for his campaign. At the 2023 Conservative Political Action Conference, Johnson received five percent of the presidential straw poll vote, coming in third place behind Donald Trump and Ron DeSantis.
Johnson has been campaigning in Iowa, hoping to win a large enough percentage in that state's caucus, the first in the primary. Johnson's campaign slogan is "Two cents to save America". This slogan his based on his policy where he wants to cut 2 cents off every dollar of federal budget.
Johnson has promised to "eliminate" the FBI calling it a "corrupt".
Debates
As of June 2023, Johnson does not quality to appear in the Republican primary debates, because of his low polling numbers, and not enough donations to his campaign. To qualify for the debates, Johnson has been selling $1 t-shirts on Facebook saying "I stand with Tucker" and counting each sale as a donation to his campaign.
References
2024 United States presidential campaigns
Irbid

Irbid () is the capital city of the Irbid Governorate.
Twin towns - Sister cities
Iasi, Romania
Gaziantep, Turkey
Zhengzhou, China
References
Other websites
Cities in Jordan