pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dafydd Iwan

Dafydd Iwan Jones (born 24 August 1943) is a Welsh folk singer and politician. He was the president of Plaid Cymru from 2003 to 2010. He first rose to fame as a singer-songwriter of folk music in the Welsh language.
Iwan was born in Brynamman (), Carmarthenshire. His brothers include actor Huw Ceredig (1942-2011) and politician Alun Ffred Jones.
References
Other websites
1943 births
Living people
British folk musicians
Folk singers
Welsh politicians
Welsh singer-songwriters
2022 Eastern Kentucky floods

On July 27, 2022, very heavy rainfall hit parts of eastern Kentucky and southwest Virginia, including surrounding Appalachia communities. This cause large floodings in Kentucky. The flooding caused 25 deaths with many reportedly missing.
On July 29, President Joe Biden said the flooding was a major disaster in Kentucky and ordered federal aid to help state and local recovery efforts in the areas affected.
References
July 2022 events
2022 floods
21st century in Kentucky
2022 disasters in the United States
August 2022 events
Floods in the United States
Hidekazu Tajiri

Hidekazu Tajiri (born 19 April 1975) is a former Japanese football player.
References
1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Kumamoto Prefecture
Jim Sensenbrenner

Frank James Sensenbrenner Jr. (; born June 14, 1943) is an American politician. He represented in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 2021. He is a Republican.
Sensenbrenner announced in September 2019 that he would not run for re-election in 2020.
References
1943 births
Living people
United States representatives from Wisconsin
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Chicago
Politicians from Milwaukee
Lawyers from Milwaukee
Lawyers from Chicago
Vanishing point

In art, a vanishing point is the point in a perspective drawing where lines that either parallel to each other or are not parallel to the main subject of the painting come together. At this point the two parallel lines seem to converge. It can be experienced in real life while seeing a parallel set of rails or the two parallel lines of a road .
Other websites
Design Notes: Perspective from Jim Saw at Palomar College
Art
Flåm

Flam is a village in Norway. It is in the municipality of Aurland in Sogn og Fjordane county.
The closest airport is Sogndal Airport, Haukasen, which is about from Flam. The European route E16 highway between Oslo and Bergen runs through Flam.
Population
In 2014, the population was reported to be around 350.
References
Other websites
Visit Flam
Settlements in Norway
Jim Gardner (politician)

James Carson Gardner (born April 8, 1933) is an American businessman and Republican politician. He was a U.S. Representative from 1967 through 1969 and as the 30th Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina from 1989 through 1993. Gardner was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina.
References
1933 births
Living people
Businesspeople from North Carolina
United States representatives from North Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Rocky Mount, North Carolina
Lieutenant Governors of North Carolina
Bard

The bard probably belonged to a social class in Celtic Europe. Bards were poets or singers and were most likely were in the service of Celtic nobility. They were probably employed to tell about how good their master (the nobleman) was or to sing about what he did. Today, it is not quite clear what the difference was from a druid. Early Roman scolars used the word vates to refer to all of them, which has been translated as "prophet" or "soothsayer". It is also a common school in the North East Pacific West.
Well known bards
Taliesin, lived in the 7th century, wrote the Book of Taliesin
Aneirin, a late 6th century Brythonic poet who wrote the Book of Aneirin.
Dafydd ap Gwilym, a 14th-century Welsh poet, generally regarded as the greatest Welsh poet of all time.
Iolo Morganwg, an 18th-century Welsh rogue and bard, famous for his forgeries and lies.
Iolo Goch, a 14th-century Welsh poet and bard, famous for several surviving works, especially 'The Labourer'.
Related pages
Griot, a similar type of person from West Africa
Ancient history
Chuck Mosley

Charles Henry Mosley III (December 26, 1959 - November 9, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter. He was best known as the frontman for Faith No More from 1984 to 1988. During his time with the band, they released two albums, We Care a Lot and Introduce Yourself.
Mosley died on November 9, 2017 from complications of alcoholism in Cleveland, Ohio at the age of 57.
References
Other websites
Chuck Mosley Interview on Songfacts site
1959 births
2017 deaths
Drug-related deaths in the United States
American singer-songwriters
American rock guitarists
American heavy metal musicians
Musicians from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Humboldt, South Dakota

Humboldt is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Minnehaha County, and 589 people lived there at the 2010 census. Humboldt became a town in 1891.
References
Other websites
Town of Humboldt website
Towns in South Dakota
1891 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in South Dakota
Going Postal

Going Postal is a Discworld novel by Terry Pratchett. It tells the story of a con man who has to take over the post office.
2004 books
Fantasy books
English-language novels
2019 UEFA Europa League Final

The 2019 UEFA Europa League Final will be the last match of the 2018-19 UEFA Europa League of the 48th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 10th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. It will be played at the Olympic Stadium in Baku, Azerbaijan on 29 May 2019.
Chelsea won the final 4-1 for their second UEFA Europa League title. As winners, they will play against the winners of the 2018-19 UEFA Champions League in the 2019 UEFA Super Cup. Chelsea have already qualified for the Champions League group stage through their league performance, the group stage berth reserved for the Europa League winners was given to the third-placed team of the 2018-19 Ligue 1, Lyon, as Ligue 1 was the 5th-ranked association according to next season's access list.
Starting from this season, the Europa League final was played in the same week as the Champions League final. In March 2018, UEFA announced that a fourth substitution will be allowed in extra time and that the number of substitutes has been increased from 7 to 12. The kick-off time has also been changed from 20:45 CEST to 21:00 CEST. The match was also the first fixture (and final) of the Europa League to use the video assistant referee (VAR) system.
Road to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).
Match
Details
The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws, which was held on 15 March 2019 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.
Statistics
Related pages
2019 UEFA Champions League Final
2019 UEFA Super Cup
References
Other websites
UEFA Europa League (official website)
Final
Julio Cobos

Julio Cesar Cleto Cobos (born Mendoza, Argentina, April 30, 1955) is an Argentine politician. He is the Vice President of Argentina for President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner from 2007 to 2011. He started as part of the Radical Civic Union (UCR). He became Governor of Mendoza in 2003.
References
Vice presidents of Argentina
People from Mendoza
1955 births
Living people
Capture the Flag (movie)

Capture the Flag (Spanish: Atrapa la bandera) is a 2015 Spanish computer animated movie produced by 4 Cats Pictures and Lightbox Entertainment, It was directed by Enrique Gato. It was released on 25 August 2015 in the Spain.
Cast
Dani Rovira as Richard Carson
Michelle Jenner as Amy Gonzalez
Camillo Garcia as Frank Goldwing
Xavier Cassan as Bill Gags
Oriol Tarrago as Igor
Carme Calvell as Mike Goldwing
Javier Balas as Marty Farr
Toni Mora as Scott Goldwing
Marta Barbara as Samantha Goldwing
Release dates
References
Other websites
Spanish-language movies
2015 comedy movies
2015 animated movies
2015 adventure movies
Computer-animated movies
Spanish movies
Cusano Milanino

Cusano Milanino is an Italian city in Lombardy. It is about 13 kilometers far from the center of Milan. About 18,000 people live there.
Cusano is the birthplace of former football player and coach Giovanni Trapattoni.
Cities in Lombardy
Mohammed bin Faisal Al Saud

Mohammed bin Faisal (1937 - 14 January 2017) was a Saudi businessman and a member of House of Saud. He was a son of King Faisal. He was one of the pioneers in the establishment of Islamic banking. He was born in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Mohammed bin Faisal was the chairman of the board of trustees of the King Faisal Foundation. He was also a member of Effat University's board of founders and of trustees.
Mohammed bin Faisal died on 14 January 2017 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia at the age of 80.
References
1937 births
2017 deaths
Saudi Arabian businesspeople
Ghiffa

Ghiffa is a comune in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Phil Ivey

Phil Ivey (born February 1, 1977) is a professional U.S Texas hold em poker player. He has won 10 world series of poker bracelets. In 2017 Ivey was put into the poker Hall of Fame. Ivey was born in Riverside, California.
1977 births
Living people
Poker players
Kingda Ka

Kingda Ka is a steel roller coaster at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey, USA. It was built by Stakotra, a subcontractor to Intamin. Built in 2005 to be the worlds tallest and fastest roller coaster Kingda Ka is one of only two strata coasters in the world. Kingda Ka held the record for the worlds fastest roller coaster until the completion of Formula Rossa at Ferrari World in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Kingda Ka goes up and can go . It first opened on May 21, 2005. To get up 456 feet, the train is launched by a machine to 128 miles per hour in 3 seconds. The train goes up the tower, and back down. At the bottom the train goes over a hill while it is slowing down. Soon it is going slow enough to be able to arrive safely back where it started. The ride lasts 28 seconds from the time it is launched.
History
In the past, Kingda Ka has been struck by lightning and shut down for almost a whole year. The launch cable snapped once and the ride was shut down for a while. Something happened to the braking fins so they shut down the ride. It also can get shut down by weather. The train is made so that if it rolls back it gets placed back to be launched. This happens when the hydraulic launch system does not get enough power to get over the hill or the brakes on the top off the hill stop you too much.
Story
Kingda Ka is named for a 500-pound mythical tiger. A tiger in the safari was named after the roller coaster. It is surrounded by bamboo to make it look more real. It also plays music.
Features
The ride has 4 trains with 5 cars. They are 9 rows in each car that can hold 18 people and there are 2 people in each row. Each seat has shoulder harnesses and buckles that keep the shoulder harness down to make sure passengers are safe. At the top, passengers are weightless for a second, and after riders enjoy a beautiful view, it is followed by a drop.
Restrictions
Passengers must be 4'7 to ride Kingda Ka.
Problems
The train may sometimes experience a rollback after it is launched. A rollback happens when the train doesn't make it to the top of the hill and rolls back down the track. The launch track has magnetic brakes so that the train doesn't go back to the station.
References
Other websites
Official website
Kingda Ka
Six Flags Great Adventure
Steel roller coasters
Roller coasters in New Jersey
Roller coasters by name
Launched roller coasters
2005 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in New Jersey
Masculinity

Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. There is evidence that some behaviors considered masculine are influenced by both cultural and biological factors. It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, as both males and females can exhibit masculine traits. Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods.
References
Gender
Sociology
Cultural anthropology
Giuliano Giannichedda

Giuliano Giannichedda (born 21 September 1974) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Sora||rowspan="2"|Serie C2||15||1
|-
|1993/94||17||0
|-
|1994/95||Serie C1||31||1
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="6"|Udinese||rowspan="6"|Serie A||8||0
|-
|1996/97||23||0
|-
|1997/98||30||1
|-
|1998/99||30||0
|-
|1999/00||29||1
|-
|2000/01||31||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Lazio||rowspan="4"|Serie A||28||0
|-
|2002/03||25||0
|-
|2003/04||22||1
|-
|2004/05||32||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Juventus||Serie A||15||0
|-
|2006/07||Serie B||20||0
|-
|2007/08||Livorno||Serie A||8||0
364||5
364||5
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Leon Trotsky

Lev Davidovich Bronstein ( (; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij and Trotzky; October 26 (O.S.) = November 7 (N.S.), 1879 in Kropyvnytskyi (nowadays Ukraine) - August 21, 1940 in Coyoacan, Mexico) was the public name of Leib or Lev Davidovich Bronstein. He was a Russian revolutionary and political theoretician. He was of Jewish-Ukrainian descent. After leading the Red Army in the Russian Civil War, he disagreed with other Bolsheviks and had to leave Russia.
Trotsky was a socialist and a Marxist. In 1905 there was a 1905 Russian revolution in Russia. Trotsky helped organize a committee of workers in St Petersburg which was called the Soviet. When the leader of the Soviet was arrested, Trotsky became leader of the Soviet in his place. Trotsky helped to expand on the idea of Permanent Revolution, which is a theory originally thought up by Karl Marx.
After the revolution Trotsky left Russia for his own safety. In 1917, he returned to Russia because of the Russian Revolution. He helped to bring about communism in Russia and defend it during the Russian Civil War. He was in charge of the army at this time. When the leader of the Bolsheviks (the party who led the revolution) Vladimir Lenin died, Trotsky became involved in a power struggle with Joseph Stalin for the leadership of the party. He lost, and Stalin came to power. He had to leave Russia because of Stalin, who was now his own enemy and wanted to harm Trotsky. In 1938 Trotsky founded the Fourth International. Stalin had one of his spies, Spaniard Ramon Mercarder, stab Trotsky to death in Mexico in 1940 who was ordered by Lavrentiy Beria .
People who believe in Trotsky's ideas are called Trotskyists and follow Trotskyism. Trotskyism is seen as being a more democratic form of communism than others, such as Stalinism and Maoism. The main Trotskyist organization today is the Socialist Workers Party in the UK and the International Socialist Tendency worldwide.
In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, Trotsky is represented by Snowball the pig and Stalin is represented by Napoleon who was also a pig. The book reflected real world events.
References
Other websites
Fourth International (post-reunification)
Story of Trotsky's Murder
Trotsky's Grave
1879 births
1940 deaths
Government ministers
Jewish politicians
Jewish writers
Marxists
Murders by blade weapons
People murdered in North America
Russian communists
Russian historians
Russian Jews
Russian murder victims
Russian politicians
Russian Revolution
Plaza Mayor of Madrid

The Plaza Mayor of Madrid was built in the 1400's on the same location as the old Plaza del Arrabal (square outside the walls). It was used as a market in the Middle Ages. It is also called the Plaza de la Constitucion.
In the 1560s, King Philip II and his architect, Juan de Herrera planned to change it into a proper square for the Courts. The first part to be finished was the Casa de la Panaderia (bakery) in 1590. Gomez de Mora gave it the rectangular form. The ground is still cobbled. It finally opened in 1620 under the rule of King Philip III.
The statue in the middle is King Philip III on horseback made by Juan de Bologna. The statue was moved from the Casa de Campo to the Plaza Mayor in 1848.
In the 1700's, it was used for the crowning of kings, bullfights, carnivals and even executions. People watched from the balconies around the square.
The Plaza has been damaged by three fires. Juan de Villanova had the plaza built again in 1853 and that is what is seen today. People can enter the plaza through nine different arches.
References
Other websites
Casa de la Panaderia. High resolution photo
360deg view of Plaza Mayor, Madrid
Plaza Mayor, description and pictures
Plaza Mayor Information and photos.
Plaza Mayor in English Visitor and student information, history, present day uses and photos.
Madrid
Town squares in Europe
1400s establishments
15th-century establishments in Spain
15th-century buildings and structures
Meteor burst communication

Meteor burst communication uses radio waves which bounce off the ionized trails made by meteors as they enter the earth's atmosphere. It is also called Meteor scatter communication.
Meteors are lumps of rock which are floating about in space. There are always meteors which are entering the earth's atmosphere. They normally burn up in the atmosphere. A few very large ones that hit the earth are called 'meteorites'. Most meteors are only tiny specks of dust. As they enter the atmosphere the heat made by air friction rips off electrons. This produces an ionized trail. This trail can reflect radio waves in the same way that a wire would.
The meteors that are used for meteor burst communication are between one thousandth and one hundredth of a gram. Meteors which are smaller than this are too weak to be used. Larger ones are not frequent enough.
The ionized trail can last for several seconds. During this time messages can be sent between two radio communication stations. The messages will be transmitted very fast: about 200 times as fast as with ordinary shortwave radio communication. A teletypewriter may type several lines of text during a meteor burst. The two stations that want to communicate will have to be ready all the time as they never know when the next burst of communication will come. They may have to use several meteor bursts before the whole message is received. The transmitters are often put on buoys in the sea.
Meteor burst communication was first widely used in the 1950s. It was particularly useful for military communications, because a receiver could not tell exactly which direction the message had come from. This was because the message was reflected on the way, so it did not travel in a straight line (i.e. in a simple great circle round the earth's curve).
The use of communications satellites in the late 20th century has made meteor burst communication rare.
Radio technology
Meteorites
Work (thermodynamics)

In thermodynamics, work transfer is an energy transfer in which temperature is not considered during energy transfer. Unit is always in Joules. It is also a result of force acting through the distance. W=FxD
History
1824
Work, i.e. "weight lifted through a height", was originally defined in 1824 by Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot in his famous paper Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire. Specifically, according to Carnot:
1845
In 1845, the English physicist James Joule wrote a paper On the mechanical equivalent of heat for the British Association meeting in Cambridge. In this work, he reported his best-known experiment, in which the work released through the action of a "weight falling through a height" was used to turn a paddle-wheel in an insulated barrel of water.
In this experiment, the friction and agitation of the paddle-wheel on the body of water caused heat to be generated which, in turn, increased the temperature of water. Both the temperature change T of the water and the height of the fall h of the weight mg were recorded. Using these values, Joule was able to determine the mechanical equivalent of heat. Joule estimated a mechanical equivalent of heat to be 819 ft*lbf/Btu (4.41 J/cal). The modern day definitions of heat, work, temperature, and energy all have connection to this experiment.
Overview
According to the First law of thermodynamics, it is useful to separate changes to the internal energy of a thermodynamic system into two sorts of energy transfers. Work refers to forms of energy transfer which can be accounted for in terms of changes in the macroscopic physical variables of the system, for example energy which goes into expanding the volume of a system against an external pressure, by driving a piston-head out of a cylinder against an external force. This is in contrast to heat energy, which is carried into or out of the system in the form of transfers in the microscopic thermal motions of particles.
The concept of thermodynamic work is slightly more general than that of mechanical work because it includes other types of energy transfers as well. The electrical work required to move a charge against an external electrical field can be measured, as can the work required to move heat against a temperature gradient. Thermodynamic work need not have any mechanical component to be considered such.
Related pages
Thermodynamics
Chemistry
References
Thermodynamics
Meadowbrook Farm, Kentucky

Meadowbrook Farm is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Encyclopédie

Encyclopedie, ou dictionnaire raisonne des sciences, des arts et des metiers () was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772. The full title was Encyclopedie, ou Dictionnaire raisonne des sciences, des arts et des metiers, par une societe de gens de lettres, mis en ordre par M. Diderot de l'Academie des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Prusse, et quant a la partie mathematique, par M. d'Alembert de l'Academie royale des Sciences de Paris, de celle de Prusse et de la Societe royale de Londres.
The Encyclopedie was the first encyclopedia to include contributions from many people, and it was the first to include applied science and engineering. Still, the Encyclopedie is famous above all for representing the thought of the Enlightenment. According to Denis Diderot in the article "Encyclopedie", the Encyclopedie'''s aim was "to change the way people think."
The Encyclopedie was conceived as a translation of Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia (1728). In 1743, the translation was given by the Parisian book publisher Andre Le Breton to John Mills, an Englishman living in France. In May 1745, Le Breton announced the work as available for sale, but Mills had not done the work. Le Breton beat Mills with a cane. Mills sued for assault, but Le Breton was set free because he was justified. For his new editor, Le Breton chose mathematician Jean Paul de Gua de Malves. In August 1747, Gua de Malves was fired for being a poor leader. Le Breton then hired Diderot and Jean d'Alembert as the new editors. Diderot would remain editor for the next twenty-five years, seeing the Encyclopedie through to completion.
Contributors
Many of the most noted figures of the French Enlightenment contributed to the Encyclopedie, including Voltaire, Rousseau, and Baron d'Holbach. The most prolific contributor wrote 17,266 articles, or about eight per day, between 1759 and 1765.
Statistics
Approximate size of the Encyclopedie'':
17 volumes of articles, issued from 1751 to 1765
11 volumes of illustrations, issued from 1762 to 1772
18,000 pages of text
75,000 entries
44,000 main articles
28,000 secondary articles
2,500 illustration indices
20,000,000 words in total
Print run: 4,250 copies (note: even single-volume works in the 18th Century seldom had a print run of more than 1,500 copies)
Quotes
"If exclusive privileges were not granted, and if the financial system would not tend to concentrate wealth, there would be few great fortunes and no quick wealth. When the means of growing rich is divided between a greater number of citizens, wealth will also be more evenly distributed; extreme poverty and extreme wealth would be also rare." (Wealth article, Diderot)
References
Other websites
18th-century books
Encyclopedie (Diderot and d'Alembert)
Marissa Nadler

Marissa Rachael Nadler (born April 5, 1981) is an American folk singer. She released her first album in 2004.
Early life
Nadler was raised in Massachusetts.
Career
Nadler's first album Ballads of Living and Dying was released on Eclipse Records in 2004. It was given a score of 8 out of 10 by Pitchfork. In 2005 her second album The Saga of Mayflower May was released. In 2007 Peacefrog Records released Nadler's third album Songs III: Bird on the Water. In 2009, Kemado Records released Little Hells. In 2011 Box of Cedar Records released Nadler's fifth album Marissa Nadler. In 2012 Nadler's sixth album The Sister was released. In 2014 Sacred Bones Records released July.
References
Other websites
Marissa Nadler's website
1981 births
American folk singers
Living people
Musicians from Massachusetts
Walt Whitman

Walter "Walt" Whitman (May 31, 1819 - March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist and journalist. He was an important American poet of the 19th century.
His most famous collection of poems is Leaves of Grass, which was first published in 1855 with his own money. The work was an attempt at reaching out to the common person. Whitman kept adding to this book right up until he died of pneumonia, in 1892. It was controversial because readers thought it was obscene. It included some sexuality.
Whitman was either bisexual or homosexual. However, there is disagreement about whether Whitman had actual sexual experiences with men.
Whitman was deeply influenced by deism. He denied any one faith was more important than another, and embraced all religions equally.
Leaves of Grass
Whitman first tried writing in many different popular genres. In 1850, he began writing Leaves of Grass, a collection of poetry which he would continue working on until his death. Whitman wanted to write an epic that was clearly American, using free verse. At the end of June 1855, Whitman surprised his brothers with the first copies of Leaves of Grass. His brother George "didn't think it worth reading".
Whitman paid for the publication of the first version of Leaves of Grass himself and had it printed at a local print shop. A total of 795 copies were printed. The first page was an image of Whitman, but he doesn't write his name until 500 lines into the body of the text. Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote a kind five-page letter to Whitman and praised the book to friends. The first edition of Leaves of Grass was very popular, but was some people didn't like the "obscene" or offensive parts of the poetry.
In the months after the first edition of Leaves of Grass, people became more upset about the sexual themes. Because of this, the publisher almost did not release the second edition. In 1856, 20 new poems were added. Different versions of Leaves of Grass continued to be published throughout the rest of Whitman's life. Many famous writers like Amos Bronson Alcott and Henry David Thoreau liked the work enough to visit Whitman.
References
19th-century American poets
American essayists
American journalists
LGBT people from New York (state)
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in New Jersey
LGBT journalists
LGBT poets
Writers from New York (state)
1819 births
1892 deaths
Writers from Camden, New Jersey
1932 Freeport hurricane

The 1932 Freeport hurricane was a severe tropical cyclone. The storm happened in August 1932. It mostly affected certain areas of the Upper Texas coast.
It was the second storm and first hurricane of the season. It developed near the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula on August 12. As it moved to the northwest, it began to get stronger the next day. It fastly went from a Category 1 hurricane to a Category 4. Winds got as high as 150 mph (240 km/h).
The storm struck near Freeport, Texas as a Category 4 with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph.
The storm caused heavy rainfall inland. Rainfall peaked at 9.93 inches near Angleton.
There were 40 deaths from the hurricane.
References
Hurricanes in the United States
20th century in Texas
1932 in the United States
August events
ʻEta

The `eta, also called by several other names, is a unicameral consonant letter used within the Latin script to mark the phonemic glottal stop, as it is used in many Polynesian languages.
Letters (alphabet)
Meerhout

Meerhout is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 9463 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 07 North, 05deg 04 East.
References
Municipalities of Antwerp
2004 Sri Lanka tsunami train wreck

The 2004 Sri Lanka tsunami train wreck was the largest single rail disaster in history (by death toll). It was caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
Train
Train #50, the Matara Express, also known as the "Queen of the Sea" line, was a regular train between the Sri Lankan capital Colombo and Matara. The train, overcrowded with 1800+ passengers, left Colombo on 26 December 2004.
Tsunami strikes the train
At 9:30 am in the village of Peraliya, the beach saw the gigantic waves arriving towards. The first wave flooded the carriages and caused panic among the passengers. The next wave arrived after 10 minutes. It was huge and washed away the train and smashed it against trees and houses which were nearby.
Casualties
The huge waves of tsunami had destroyed the train and only 150 passengers out of 1800+ survived. About 1700 were reported dead, even though only 900 bodies were recovered. The Sri Lankan authorities do not know where the train was washed to. After 4 pm, Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa's helicopter identified it. Even though rescue operations was held not more than 150 people survived and the village was also washed away by the deadly waves.
References
2004 in Asia
2004 train wreck
December events
2000s disasters in Asia
Railway accidents in Asia
2004 disasters
Waukesha parade attack

On November 21, 2021, at around 4:39 p.m. local time, a red Ford Escape sport utility vehicle broke through barricades and drove into the annual Christmas parade in Waukesha, Wisconsin, United States. This killed six people and injured more than 68 others.
Waukesha police officers took the car and arrested a person. At least one officer fired their gun in an attempt to stop the SUV.
On October 26, 2022, Darrell Brooks, the driver of the SUV, was found guilty of all 76 charges against him. He was sentenced to six life sentences without parole.
References
2021 murders in the United States
2020s in Wisconsin
Crime in Wisconsin
Mass murder in 2021
Mass murder in the United States
November 2021 events
Transport disasters in the United States
Hit 'Em Up

"Hit 'Em Up" is a diss song by rapper 2Pac featuring his group the Outlawz. It was released on June 4, 1996. The song is the B-side for the song "How Do U Want It". It is from 2Pac's fourth studio album All Eyez on Me.
The song attacks many East Coast rappers and mainly attacks 2Pac's former friend and rival The Notorious B.I.G.. The song was a big part in causing the rivalry between East Coast and West Coast hip hop to become worse. "Hit 'Em Up" is considered to be one of the greatest "diss songs" ever recorded because of the explicit lyrics and the seriousness of violent intent by 2Pac and his friends towards their rivals.
Producer Johnny "J" said that Shakur was first fueled by his anger against Biggie and Bad Boy Records because he thought that they had a part in the November 30, 1994 attack on Shakur. Shakur was also angry at Biggie's release of another diss song "Who Shot Ya?" only months after the shooting happened. Even though it did not mention his name, Shakur believed that it was directed towards him. It was not. Shakur admitted that he had released "Hit 'Em Up" as a response to "Who Shot Ya?", almost two months after the 1994 attack.
References
Other websites
"Hit 'Em Up" on YouTube
1996 songs
Tupac Shakur songs
Hip hop songs
Marcella Filippi

Marcella Filippi is a basketball player from Italy. Filippi competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics. She was born on 27 September 1985.
References
Other websites
1985 births
Living people
Italian basketball players
Italian Olympians
Sportspeople from Lombardy
People from Bergamo
Why I Am Not a Christian

Why I Am Not a Christian is an essay by the British philosopher Bertrand Russell. It describes the reasons why Russell does not believe in God and doubts religion.
History
At first, a talk given March 6, 1927 at Battersea Town Hall, at the South London Branch of the National Secular Society. It was published that year as a pamphlet and was later published, with other essays, in the book, Why I Am Not a Christian: And Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects ().
Related works by other authors
Why I Am Not a Muslim, by Ibn Warraq, is also critical of the religion in which the author was brought up -- in this case, Islam. The author mentions Why I Am Not a Christian towards the end of the first chapter, stating that many of its arguments also apply to Islam.
Why I Am Not a Hindu, a 1996 book in a similar vein by Kancha Ilaiah, an activist opposed to the Indian caste system.
Why I Am Still a Christian is a book by Catholic theologian Hans Kung, published in 1987.
Other websites
Complete text with annotations
Essays
Reasnor, Iowa

Reasnor is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is in Jasper County. There were 152 people living there in 2010.
References
Cities in Iowa
Castillo de Garcimuñoz

Castillo de Garcimunoz is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 209.
Municipalities in Castile-La Mancha
Rolando Filidei

Rolando Filidei (Navacchio, 1914 - Rosignano Solvay, 1980) was an Italian artist. Filidei went to the school of art to Florence, until 1937 when he finished school. After school he became a soldier. After serving as a soldier he returned in Rosignano where he worked with wood, stone and bronze. Filiedei showed his art in more than 50 festivals and meeting about art in Italy and in many cities in the word. He worked too as a teacher from 1947 until 1977 in the school of "Ernesto Solvay of Rosignano".
Italian sculptors
1914 births
1980 deaths
Abéché

Abeche is a city in Chad. It is the capital city of the Ouaddai prefecture.
Cities in Chad
Hovid

Hovid is a locality in Sundsvall Municipality in Vasternorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 225 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Vasternorrland County
Chevrolet El Camino

The Chevrolet El Camino is a small pickup truck produced by Chevrolet of General Motors from 1959 to 1960 and 1964 to 1987.
The 1964-1977 El Camino is based on the Chevelle platform.
Generations
1959-1960
1964-1967
1968-1972
1973-1977
1978-1987
1950s automobiles
1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
El Camino
Kylo Ren

Kylo Ren (born Ben Solo) is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He was introduced in the 2015 movie Star Wars: The Force Awakens. He was portrayed by Adam Driver. He is the main villain of The Force Awakens, The Last Jedi , and is redeemed in the final installment The Rise of Skywalker.
Kylo Ren is the pseudonym of Ben Solo, the son of original Star Wars trilogy characters Han Solo, who he later killed, and Leia Organa. Though trained by his uncle Luke Skywalker as a Jedi, he has been drawn to the dark side of the Force, and wants to be as powerful as his grandfather, Darth Vader who he praised and thought was the king of evil, not the one who killed the emperor. Throughout all of The Force Awakens and the first two acts of The Last Jedi, Ren wants to be fully committed to the dark side, but there are times where the light side tries to pull him back in. This can be seen because when he kills his father Han, he hesitates before he does it. Even when he has a chance to kill his mother Leia, he chooses not to after giving it thought. This makes him a complex character.
Kylo Ren is the master of the Knights of Ren and a commander for the First Order, an organization created from the fallen Galactic Empire.The First Order believed that the Empire's leader, Emperor Palpatine, had been killed by Luke Skywalker, not Darth Vader. He is featured in The Force Awakens media and merchandising, and has appeared in the movie's sequel, Star Wars: Episode VIII - The Last Jedi''.
References
Other websites
Kylo Ren in the Official StarWars.com Encyclopedia
Fictional characters introduced in 2015
Star Wars characters
Roger Perry

Roger Perry (May 7, 1933 - July 12, 2018) was an American actor. His career began in the late 1950s. He served as an intelligence officer in the United States Air Force during the early 1950s. He was born in Davenport, Iowa. He was known for his role as Jim Harrigan, Jr. in Harrigan and Son. He co-starred in the 1963-1964 series Arrest and Trial as Detective Sergeant Dan Kirby.
Perry died at age 85 on July 12, 2018, at his home in Indian Wells, California, from prostate cancer.
References
Other websites
1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Iowa
People from Davenport, Iowa
Hoplite

A hoplite was a citizen-soldier of the Ancient Greek city-states. A hoplite's main weapon was his spear. They fought close together in what was called a phalanx formation. In a phalanx, each man's shield protected himself and also gave some protection to the right arm of the man on his left.
The word "hoplite" comes from the type of the shield used by the soldiers. In later texts, the term hoplite is used to denote any armoured infantry, regardless of armament or ethnicity.
The armour of a hoplite included:
helmet with face covered
shield
body armour
greaves (leg armour)
sword
spear
A hoplite was usually a free citizen who supplied his own armour and weapons. In most Greek city-states citizens received basic military training and served in the standing army for a specified time, participating in any military campaign undertaken during that period. The citizens of Sparta were renowned for their lifelong combat training and military prowess. Their great adversaries, the Athenians, were exempted from service after the 60th year of life.
The phalanx trained to work as a team eight rows or more deep. The first row would stab at their opponents while trying to maintain close formation. The ranks behind would support them with their spears and gently push them with their shields, not to force them into the enemy but to keep them steady and in position. Upon command of an officer, the phalanx would take a certain number of steps forward.
Phalanxes tended to drift right in battle as each hoplite sought to keep his right arm behind the shield of his neighbour. Also, the right side of the phalanx, where right arms were unprotected by neighboring shields, was more vulnerable than the left. Thus the most experienced hoplites were often placed on the right side of the phalanx to counteract these problems.
Notes
Cat:Ancient Greece
Armour
Checkered Past (TV programming block)

Checkered Past is an Adult Swim programming block featuring cartoons from the 90s and early 2000s that launched on August 28, 2023. It will air shows such as Courage the Cowardly Dog, Ed, Edd n Eddy, Dexter's Laboratory, and The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy.
References
Adult Swim
Cartoon Network
Juan Velasco Alvarado

Juan Francisco Velasco Alvarado (June 16, 1910 - December 24, 1977) was a Peruvian general who served as the 58th President of Peru after a successful coup d'etat against Fernando Belaunde's presidency in 1968.
Under his presidency, nationalism, as well as left-leaning policies that addressed Indigenous Peruvians, such as nationalization or agrarian reform were adopted.
These policies were reversed after another coup d'etat in 1975 led by his Prime Minister, Francisco Morales-Bermudez.
References
1910 births
1977 deaths
Presidents of Peru
Bruce Smeaton

Bruce Smeaton (born 5 March 1938) is a composer, well known for writing music for Australian movies and television. He has written music for movies, short films, television, documentaries and advertisements.
He was born in Brighton, Victoria and currently lives in Binalong, New South Wales.
He has written music for movies including Picnic at Hanging Rock, Seven Little Australians, The Cars That Ate Paris and The Devil's Playground.
His music has been published by Southern Cross Records and 1M1 Records labels.
List of works
Documentaries
Bush, Books and Breedens (1973)
My Brother Wartovo (1973)
Kangaroo Island (1974)
Pozieres (2000)
Movies
Libido (1973)
The Cars That Ate Paris (1974)
Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975)
The Great Macarthy (1975)
The Devils Playground (1976)
The Trespassers (1976)
Eliza Fraser also called The Adventures of Eliza Fraser (1976)
Summerfield (1977)
The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (1978)
Circle of Iron also called The Silent Flute (1978)
The Last of the Knucklemen (1979)
Grendel Grendel Grendel (1980)
...Maybe This Time (1980)
Double Deal (1981)
Monkey Grip (1982)
Squizzy Taylor (1982)
Barbarosa (1982)
Undercover (1983)
Iceman (1984)
The Naked Country (1984)
Departure (1985)
Plenty (1985)
Eleni (1985)
Contagion (1987)
Roxanne (1987)
Evil Angels also called A Cry in the Dark (1988)
Wendy Cracked a Walnut also called Almost (1989)
The Missing (1999)
Short films
The Clown and the Mindreader (no date)
Television
Seven Little Australians (1973, miniseries)
Ben Hall (1975, TV series)
Tandarra (1976, miniseries)
Patrol Boat (1979, TV series)
The Timeless Land (1980, miniseries)
A Town Like Alice (1981, miniseries)
1915 (1982, miniseries)
Five Mile Creek (1983, TV series)
The Coral Island (1983, miniseries)
Eureka Stockade (1984, miniseries)
Boy in the Bush (1984, miniseries)
A Thousand Skies (1986, miniseries)
Jackson's Crew (1986, pilot)
Tusitala (1986, miniseries)
The Alien Years (1988, movie)
Act of Betrayal (1988, movie)
Naked Under Capricorn (1989, movie)
The Private War of Lucinda Smith (1990, dramatised documentary)
The Last of the Ryans (1997, movie)
References
1938 births
Living people
Australian composers
People from Melbourne
Movie score composers
Huaso

A huaso (feminine huasa, but most commonly china) is a Chilean countryman and skilled horseman, very similar to the gauchos, cowboys, vaqueros and charros. Huasos are found in central and southern Chile.
Huasos are an important part of the culture of Chile, and are a vital part of parades, parties, and holidays. The Region of O'Higgins is the place where are found the most of the Chilean huasos.
Related pages
Rodeo of Chile
Horses of Chile
Vaquero
Cowboy (U.S.A)
Gaucho (Argentina, Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul)
Charro (Mexican cowboy, nomad and bandolero)
Guajiro (Cuba)
Llanero (Venezuela and Colombia)
Chilean culture
Ahmad Rashād

Ahmad Rashad (born Robert Earl "Bobby" Moore; November 19, 1949) is an American sportscaster for NBC Sports and former professional football player. He was born in Portland, Oregon. He played as a wide receiver.
Rashad played for the St. Louis Cardinals between 1972 until 1973. He also played Buffalo Bills in 1974. From 1976 until 1982, Rashad played Minnesota Vikings.
From 1985 until they divorced in 2001, he was married to actress Phylicia Ayers-Allen. They have one daughter: Condola.
References
Other websites
1972 NFL Draft - from the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Ahmad Rashad, Executive Producer, NBA Inside Stuff
1949 births
Living people
American football running backs
American football wide receivers
Arizona Cardinals players
Buffalo Bills players
Minnesota Vikings players
Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon
American sports commentators
Writers from Portland, Oregon
Paul Menard

Paul Menard (born August 21, 1980 in Eau Claire, Wisconsin) is an American racecar driver. Menard drives the No. 21 Ford Mustang for Wood Brothers Racing in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, and runs part-time for Team Penske in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. Menard won the 2006 AT&T 250 (now NorthernTool.com 250) in the Nationwide Series.
Menard won his first NASCAR Sprint Cup race, the Brickyard 400, on July 31, 2011 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Menard is the son of home improvement store magnate John Menard.
Other websites
Paul Menard's NASCAR profile
1980 births
Living people
NASCAR drivers
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
American racecar drivers
People from Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Tetrigidae

Tetrigidae is a family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called grouse locusts, pygmy locusts, groundhoppers or pygmy grasshoppers. There are roughly 1,600 species in about 250 genera altogether.
Orthoptera
Mamady Doumbouya

Mamady Doumbouya (born 4 March 1980) is a Guinean colonel who was the main person responsible for the 2021 Guinean coup d'etat. He became the Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development after the coup. He is member of the Special Forces Group and a former French legionnaire. On October 1, 2021, Doumbouya was sworn in as interim president.
References
1980 births
Living people
Presidents of Guinea
African military people
Current national leaders
Britt Nicole

Brittany Nicole Waddell (known by her stage name, Britt Nicole; born August 2, 1984) is an American singer. She sings Christian pop music. Her song "Gold" was released in late 2012. Britt was born in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Discography
Studio albums
Follow the Call (2003)
Say It (2007)
The Lost Get Found (2009)
Gold (2012)
Britt Nicole (2016)
References
Entertainers from Charlotte, North Carolina
Christian music singers
1984 births
Living people
Club Almagro

Club Almagro is an Argentine sports club from Jose Ingenieros, Buenos Aires. Although its headquarters are in the Almagro district. The football team currently plays in the Primera B Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.
References
1910s establishments in Argentina
1911 establishments
Argentine football clubs
Buenos Aires
Irwin M. Jacobs

Irwin Mark Jacobs (born October 18, 1933) is an American electrical engineer and billionaire. He is a co-founder and former chairman of Qualcomm. He is a chair of the board of trustees of the Salk Institute.
References
1933 births
Living people
Engineers from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Scientists from Massachusetts
Cuarny

Cuarny is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Municipalities of Vaud
Ringeldorf

Ringeldorf is a former commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Val-de-Moder.
References
Former communes in Bas-Rhin
Kidnapped (novel)

Kidnapped is a book by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was published in 1886. It tells the story of the 18th-century "Appin Murder" following the Jacobite Rising. Some of the characters in the book were based on real people. The book has been adapted to movies many times and to comic books.
Related pages
Kidnapped (movie)
References
1886 books
Books by Robert Louis Stevenson
British novels
English-language novels
Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a newspaper. It is the second largest newspaper in the United States. It is published in Los Angeles, California. It is the fourth most popular newspaper in the United States. It was created in 1881.
1881 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in California
Companies based in Los Angeles
Newspapers in California