pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Coffee and Cigarettes

Coffee and Cigarettes is a 2003 American Japanese Italian comedy movie directed by Jim Jarmusch and starring Roberto Benigni, Steven Wright, Steve Buscemi, Iggy Pop, Tom Waits, Cate Blanchett, Meg White, Jack White, Steve Coogan. It was distributed by United Artists.
Other websites
2003 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Japanese comedy movies
Italian comedy movies
Movies about smoking
Movies about coffee
Movies directed by Jim Jarmusch
Volendam

Volendam is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is part of the municipality of Edam-Volendam.
In 2017, it had about 22,000 inhabitants.
Volendam is a very musical place, many groups and singers come from this town, like BZN, The Cats, Nick & Simon, and Jan Smit. The kind of music they perform has a name of itself, called the Palingsound (paling means eel).
Settlements in North Holland
Edam-Volendam
Sproughton

Sproughton (pronounced Spror-ton) is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England, just to the west of Ipswich. In 2016, there were 764 people living in Sproughton.
References
Other websites
Sproughton Church
Photographs at SuffolkCam
Sproughton Tennis Club
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Angelo Caroli

Angelo Caroli (7 April 1937 - 17 November 2020) was an Italian professional football player, journalist and author. As a journalist, he worked for Tuttosport. He also wrote novels. Caroli was born in L'Aquila, Italy.
His football career lasted from 1955 to 1963. He played for Juventus, Catania, Lucchese, Pordenone and Lecco.
On 17 November 2020, Caroli died at the age of 83 in Torino, Italy.
References
1937 births
2020 deaths
Italian footballers
Italian journalists
Trenton, New Jersey

Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is the county seat of Mercer County. Trenton is in the middle part of New Jersey, along the Delaware River.
References
Other websites
County seats in New Jersey
State capitals in the United States
1719 establishments
1710s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in New Jersey
Balnot-sur-Laignes

Balnot-sur-Laignes is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Balnot-sur-Laignes
Cadet branch

A cadet branch is the part of a family that is descended from a younger son (or daughter). Cadet branches are important for royal succession since if the main royal branch runs out of people (or out of males, if females are not allowed to inherit the throne), then a cadet branch would inherit the throne. However, sometimes there were also cases where a cadet branch acquired a throne before the main royal branch actually ran out of males, such as when Louis-Philippe of France became French King after Charles X of France abdicated due to the Revolution of 1830 even though Charles X still had a surviving son and grandson of his own during this time.
References
Nobility
Genealogy
York, Nebraska

York is a city in Nebraska in the United States. It is the county seat of York County.
Cities in Nebraska
County seats in Nebraska
Harold Bloom

Harold Bloom (July 11, 1930 - October 14, 2019) was an American literary critic and Sterling Professor of Humanities at Yale University.
Since the publication of his first book in 1959, Bloom has written more than forty books, including twenty books of literary criticism, several books talking about religion, and a novel. He has edited hundreds of anthologies about many literary and philosophical figures for the Chelsea House publishing firm. Bloom's books have been translated into more than 40 languages.
Bloom came to public attention in the United States as a commentator during the canon wars of the early 1990s.
Bloom died at a hospital in New Haven, Connecticut on October 14, 2019 at the age of 89.
References
1930 births
2019 deaths
Yale University faculty
American novelists
American historians
American literary critics
Writers from New York City
Copaganda

Copaganda is when the media show police officers in a good way, and do not show the bad actions that they do. The word is a portmanteau of cop and propaganda, and is used by Black Lives Matter activists. Showing police in a good way is not thought to be true for many working class, indigenous, brown, and black people.
Since the George Floyd protests, the term has been used more to criticize the media.
History
Although the term is quite new, copaganda has been around for a long time.
Examples
Many TV shows are seen as examples of copaganda.
References
Police
Electoral district of Wright

Wright is an electoral district of South Australia. It was created in 1993.
Wright is in Adelaide.
Election results
References
Wright
Seyfert galaxy

Seyfert galaxies are named after Carl Seyfert who first described them in 1943.
These galaxies are one of the two main types of active galaxies. The other large group are quasars. Seyfert galaxies have quasar-like nuclei: they are very distant luminous sources of electromagnetic radiation. Their very high surface brightness has spectra with strong, high-ionisation emission lines. However, unlike quasars, their host galaxies are clearly visible.
Seyfert galaxies are about 10% of all galaxies, and are some of the most intensely studied objects in astronomy. They are thought to be powered by the same phenomena as quasars, although they are closer and less luminous than quasars. These galaxies have supermassive black holes at their centers which are surrounded by accretion discs of in-falling material. The accretion discs are believed to be the source of the observed ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet emission lines and absorption lines are the best way to analyse the surrounding material.
Seen in visible light, most Seyfert galaxies look like normal spiral galaxies. However, when studied under other wavelengths, it becomes clear that the luminosity of their cores is as big as the luminosity of whole galaxies the size of the Milky Way.
Examples
Here are some notable examples of Seyfert galaxies:
Circinus galaxy has rings of gas ejected from its center
Centaurus A, apparently the brightest Seyfert galaxy as seen from Earth. It is a giant elliptical galaxy: a radio galaxy notable for its relativistic jet spanning more than a million light years in length.
Messier 51a (NGC 5194), the Whirlpool Galaxy, one of the best known galaxies in the sky.
Messier 81 (NGC 3031), a popular target for amateur astronomy and the second brightest Seyfert galaxy in the sky after Centaurus A
Messier 87 (NGC 4486), central galaxy of the Virgo Cluster and the biggest galaxy in the Local Supercluster. It is a radio galaxy notable for its 4,400 light-year long relativistic jet powered by an immense supermassive black hole with the mass of (3.5 +- 0.2)-6.3 billion solar masses
NGC 1672 has a nucleus engulfed by intense starburst regions
References
Galaxies
AIM-120 AMRAAM

The AMRAAM missile is a medium air-to-air missile. It is a radar-guided missile.
The AMRAAM missile was in development for about 30 years. It was put in service in 1991 and is still used by many countries and aircraft around the world today.
Missiles
Leonid Azkaldian

Leonid Azkaldian (; November 22, 1942 in Tbilisi - June 21, 1992 in Martakert) was an Armenian physicist and one of the founders and the commander of "Liberation Army" military organization.
Biography
Leonid Azkaldian was born on November 22, 1942, in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR. In 1959, he graduated from Askanaz Mravyan school and in 1960, he was admitted into Physics Department of Moscow State University. He later transferred and graduated with honors from the same department of Yerevan State University. After graduation, he worked in many spheres in national economy of USSR.
Leonid Azkaldian was one of the creators of Karabakh movement and a military leader. From February of 1990, he planned and organized the defense of several regions of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh (a part of Azerbaijan). In June, 1991, with Hovsep Hovsepyan co-founded and commanded the "Liberation army" military organization whose goal was to preserve the self-determination and defense of the local Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh. He was killed in 21 June, 1992 in the Tonashen village of Martakert region of occupied Nagorno-Karabakh. After his death, he was awarded with the Order of the Combat Cross of the First Degree.
References
Other websites
Leonid Azkaldian
1942 births
1992 deaths
Armenian military people
Physicists
People from Tbilisi
Interstate 155 (Missouri–Tennessee)

Interstate 155 (I-155) is an east-west auxiliary Interstate that goes in the U.S. states of Missouri and Tennessee. The highway is long. The highway connects I-55 with Dyersburg, Tennessee. I-155 is the only road that directly connects Missouri and Tennessee, using the Caruthersville Bridge over the Mississippi River.
References
155
Geography of Missouri
Geography of Tennessee
Bavaria-Ingolstadt

Bavaria-Ingolstadt ( or ) was a duchy that lasted from 1392-1447.
Geography
Bavaria-Ingolstadt is divided into these towns:
Southern Bavaria:
Wasserburg am Inn
Ebersberg
Kufstein
Kitzbuhel
Rattenberg
Eastern Bavaria:
Scharding
Dingolfing
Mallersdorf and Pfaffenberg
Northern Bavaria:
Hilpoltstein
Hersbruck
Lauf an der Pegnitz
Weiden in der Oberpfalz
Waldmunchen
14th-century establishments in Germany
1392 establishments
States of the Holy Roman Empire
History of Bavaria
Ingolstadt
1447
Alexander, Kansas

Alexander is a city in Rush County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 65 people lived there.
Geography
Alexander is at (38.469371, -99.552415).
According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
People
2010 census
As of the 2010 census says that there were 65 people, 31 households, and 20 families living in the city.
Education
Alexander is served by USD 395 La Crosse Public Schools.
Alexander High School was closed in 1966 through school unification. The Alexander High School mascot was Whippets.
References
Other websites
City
Alexander - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 395, local school district
Historical
History of Cities in Rush County
Alexander Info, Legends of Kansas
Maps
Alexander City Map, KDOT
Cities in Rush County, Kansas
1869 establishments in Kansas
Ophthalmosaurus

Ophthalmosaurus was an ichthyosaur of the Upper Jurassic (165 to 150 million years ago), named after its large eyes. Well-preserved skeletons, ranging in age from juveniles to adults, have been found in Europe, North America and Argentina.
Ophthalmosaurus had the largest eyes of any vertebrate relative to its body size. Its eyes, 4 inches in diameter, occupied most of the space in the skull. They were protected by bony plates (sclerotic rings), which most likely assisted to maintain the shape of the eyeballs against water pressure at depth.
The size of the eyes and the sclerotic rings suggests that Ophthalmosaurus hunted at a depth where there is not much light or that it may have hunted at night when a prey species was more active. Its snout was long and thin, perfect for snapping at fast, maneuverable, prey.
Calculations suggest that a typical Ophthalmosaurus could stay submerged for approximately 20 minutes or more. The swimming speed of Ophthalmosaurus has been estimated at 2.5 metres per second or greater. Even assuming a conservative speed of 1 m/s, an Ophthalmosaurus would be able to dive to 600 meters and return to the surface within 20 minutes.
The family Ophthalmosauridae continued into the Upper Cretaceous, but this genus became extinct at the end of the Jurassic period.
References
Ichthyosaurs
Dalmatian language

Dalmatian was a Romance language, which was spoken in Dalmatia, on the Eastern Adriatic Sea. The language became extinct in the Middle Ages. In places it was used until the 18th or 19th century. Today, few sources are left. Only the dialect of Veglia (Krk) and Ragusa (Dubrovnik) have enough sources so they can be studied. From the other dialects, there are only isloate words, or short phrases.
In 1897, the scholar Matteo Bartoli, himself a native of nearby Istria, visited postman Tuone Udaina (), nicknamed burbur ('barber' in Dalmatian) the last known speaker of any Dalmatian dialect, to study his language. Bartoli wrote down approximately 2,800 words, stories, and accounts of his life, which were published in a book in German () in 1906. That book has provided much information on the vocabulary, phonology, and grammar of the language.
One year after the interview, on 10 June 1898, Tuone Udaina was accidentally killed at 74 in a roadwork explosion.
References
Romance languages
University of Ingolstadt

The University of Ingolstadt is a university in Ingolstadt, Germany. In the eighteenth century it was known for its medical school but since then became much more well-known as the birthplace of the Illuminati.
Colleges and universities in Germany
Ingolstadt
Pictureland

Pictureland is a 1911 American silent romance movie directed by Thomas H. Ince and starring King Baggot, Isabel Rea. It was a previously lost movie until it was rediscovered in 2015 in Australia.
Other websites
1911 movies
1910s romance movies
American romance movies
American silent movies
Movies directed by Thomas H. Ince
Marco Mendicino

Marco Mendicino (; born July 28, 1973) is a Canadian politician. He has been the Minister of Public Safety since October 26, 2021. He is a member of the Liberal Party. Mendicino represents Eglinton--Lawrence in the House of Commons since 2015. He was the Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship from 2019 to 2021.
References
1973 births
Living people
Canadian lawyers
Politicians from Ontario
York University alumni
Battle of Ðiện Biên Phủ

The battle of Dien Bien Phu was a 1954 battle between Vietnamese and French forces. Vietnam won, which made the French give up in the First Indochina War. The independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was secured, and Vietnam was divided into into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
With the launch of Operation Castor, French soldiers were dropped from the Red River Delta by air, deep into the northwestern hills of Vietnam, into Viet Minh territory. They established a well-fortified garrison at Dien Bien Phu, alongside an airstrip to supply their troops. That was an attempt to lure the Vietnamese guerrilla fighters, commanded by General Vo Nguyen Giap, into an all-out firefight to inflict devastating losses in which the French would use their heavy artillery and superior firepower.
However, the Viet Minh did not take the bait but brought Chinese-funded heavy artillery into this difficult area, much to French surprise. The Viet Minh also used its superior numbers in human wave tactics to overwhelm the French. Next, the Viet Minh dug deep trenches and used its artillery to shoot down any French air planes, destroy the French airstrip, and bombard the French troops into submission. The French surrendered the in May 1954, after two months of fighting. The number of French soldiers at the garrison had increased from 12,000 to over 15,000. After years of fighting and this defeat, the French no longer wanted to continue fighting.
It was the first time an Asian colonial army defeated the army of a European power by military might. That was considered to be a surprise disaster for the French and a blow to the Western world. The French no longer wanted to maintain French Indochina and so they negotiated and later withdrew from Indochina. The Second Indochinese War later was fought between both Vietnams
French colonies in Africa also revolted, most famously during the Algerian War. By 1967, most of the French colonial empire had been gone.
References
1954 in Asia
20th century in Vietnam
Dien Bien Phu
E.S. Posthumus

E.S. Posthumus is a two-person band. They mainly made music for movies (and their trailers). Franz Vonlichten and Helmut Vonlichten created the music from Pythagorean ideas that combine very different elements and still produce harmony. Franz died tragically in 2010. Helmut released the last song "Christmas Eve" in November 2010. The group ceased its activity. In November 2011, Helmut Vonlichten has formed a new band called Les Friction.
Electronic music bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Guarulhos

Guarulhos is a Brazilian city in the state of Sao Paulo. Its population was 1,251,179 inhabitants in 2005 and its area is 317.1 km2.
Cities in Sao Paulo (state)
Slaughterhouse

A slaughterhouse, also called by the French word abattoir, is a building where farm animals are killed and turned into meat. The animals most often slaughtered for food are cows (for beef and veal), sheep (for lamb and mutton), pigs (for pork), fowl (including chicken and waterfowl such as ducks and geese), and horses (for horsemeat).
Agricultural buildings
Animal rights
Death
Smoked fish

Smoked fish are fish that have been cured by smoking.
Foods have been smoked by humans throughout history. At first this was done as a preservative. Now the smoking of fish is generally done for the unique taste and flavour that comes from the smoking process.
The most common types of smoked fish in the US are salmon, mackerel, whitefish and trout. A common name for cold-smoked salmon is lox.
In the Netherlands, commonly available varieties include both hot- and cold-smoked mackerel, herring and Baltic sprats. Hot-smoked eel is a specialty in the Northern provinces.
Smoked fish is an important item in Russian cuisine, Jewish cuisine, and Scandinavian cuisine, as well as several Eastern and Central European cuisines.
English, Scottish and Canadian cuisine have a strongly brined, smoked herring that used to be known as "red herring". Now it is called kippers.
Seafood
Charles R. Larson

Charles Robert Larson (November 20, 1936 - July 26, 2014) was an American four-star Admiral of the United States Navy.
A 1958 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, Larson twice served as Superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. He also served as Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Command (CINCPAC).
Larson died in his home in Annapolis, Maryland, after a two-year battle with leukemia at the age of 77.
References
Other websites
ViaGlobal Group official website
1936 births
2014 deaths
Admirals
Military people from South Dakota
Deaths from leukemia
People from Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Monster group

In math, there are many subjects. One of these is group theory. In group theory, the Monster group (shortened to M or F1) is important. It is also called the Fischer-Griess Monster, or the Friendly Giant. It is a group of finite order, which is equal to:
246 * 320 * 59 * 76 * 112 * 133 * 17 * 19 * 23 * 29 * 31 * 41 * 47 * 59 * 71
= 808017424794512875886459904961710757005754368000000000
8 * 1053.
It is a simple group. Simple groups have only two normal subgroups: the identity element, and M.
The finite simple groups have been completely classified (the classification of finite simple groups). There are two kinds of finite simple groups in the list of finite simple groups. The first kind has 18 countably infinite families. The second kind has 26 sporadic groups. They are not as systematic. The Monster group is the largest of these sporadic groups. It contains all but six of the other sporadic groups inside of it. Robert Griess has called these six exceptions pariahs. The rest make up the happy family.
Other websites
MathWorld: Monster Group
Atlas of Finite Group Representations: Monster group
Group theory
Semi-postal

A semi-postal stamp or semipostal stamp is a philatelic term for a postage stamp issued to raising money for some purpose, usually for charity. Semi-postals have an additional monetary value (surcharge), devoted to that specific non-postal, charitable purpose and separated from the official postal value with a "+" sign.
Related pages
Audrey Hepburn (semi-postal)
Label (philately)
References
Other websites
Postage stamps
Medical assistant

A medical assistant (sometimes called an MA) is a medical professional who works in medical settings along with doctors and nurses. They do things to help doctors and nurses with their jobs, and may perform many different tasks.
Some medical assistants are similar in some ways to a nurse. They take care of patients in hospitals and other medical facilities, and they perform other tasks to help run the office. They are different from a nurse mainly in that medical assistants cannot plan out what a patient's care will be like. They can only do what a nurse or a doctor instruct them to do.
Other types of medical assistants work in the reception area of a doctor's office, similar to a secretary. These medical assistants may file paperwork, update medical records, and greet patients.
Education
Medical assistants usually go to school for between one and two years. They may hold an associate's degree, or in some cases a certificate if they already have an associate's degree in something else.
Pay range
Medical assistants tend to earn between $20,000 and $40,000 a year in salary. Factors that influence a Medical Assistant's salary can be their location, the amount of training they have, the amount of time they've been working as a medical assistant, and the skills they've learned while working.
References
Healthcare occupations
Bogotá

Bogota is the capital (city) of Colombia. As of 2009, more than 7 million people live in Bogota, which makes it the largest city in Colombia. It is about above sea level, on a plateau. This makes it the third highest capital in the world. With many universities and libraries, Bogota has become known as "The Athens of South America".The weather is usually nice during the day and cool at night. It has a series of bike paths (trails that are made for bikes) that wind through the city. It has many recreational and amusement parks open to the public. The current mayor is Claudia Lopez.
History
Originally, Native Americans called Muisca lived in the area. Then, in 1538, Gonzalo Jimenes de Quezada, a Spanish conqueror, founded Bogota. Bogota became a center of trade, art, and education. Some of the oldest universities in the Americas are in Bogota. After Independence from Spain, Bogota became the capital of Gran Colombia in 1819.
Bogota has had extremely awful moments. In 1948, a presidential candidate, Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, was murdered while doing a speech in front of hundreds of persons. This tragic moment brought with it terrible consequences: one of the most remembered one is the "Bogotazo". The "Bogotazo" started as a political party war, the blue party, self named the "conservatives", began to hunt and kill every single member of the red party, the "liberals". The remaining blue party members decided to create the "Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia" (FARC); however, this group was ironically created to protect the oppressed people from their oppressors. Nowadays, this group is known as terrorists and murderers;nevertheless, Colombia's capital city, Bogota, has not being attacked in the last few years.
References
Capitals of Colombian departments
1538 establishments
1530s establishments in the Spanish Empire
Pärnu river

The Parnu is a river in Estonia. It drains into the Parnu Bay, which is an inlet of the Gulf of Riga. At 144 km, it is the second longest river in Estonia. It drains an area of 6,920 km2.
The city of Parnu is where the river enters the sea.
Rivers of Estonia
Rick Blangiardi

Rick Blangiardi (born September 15, 1946) is an American television executive and politician. He became mayor of Honolulu in 2021. He is politically Independent.
References
1946 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Mayors of Honolulu
Politicians from Massachusetts
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
Sportspeople from Hawaii
American television producers
Businesspeople from Hawaii
Independent politicians in the United States
Watercress

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is a plant which grows in water. It is a member of the Brassicaceae family, along with some other leaf vegetables.
People grow them for eating, often in salad or sandwiches. They have a peppery flavour and are fast-growing. Watercress is related to the cabbage and mustard plants.
Agrology of watercress is both a large scale and a garden scale. However the packaging used by super markets using sealed plastic bags under some pressure. Watercress is also known as tall nasturtium. This plant grows well in cold water. That's why you will find it near water like a ditch.
Watercress packs have a lot of nutrients. Iron, potassium and vitamins C and E are a few. Watercress also helps with skin problems. It keeps the skin very clarified. Watercress is used in many recipes. You can use it to make a sandwich or in soup.
If it is not harvested, watercress can grow to a height of 50-120 cm. It is a member of the brassicacea family, along with some other leaf vegetables.
New market, Alabama, was once known as "Watercress Capital of the World".
Vegetables
Brassicaceae
Baron Wolman

Baron Wolman (June 25, 1937 - November 2, 2020) was an American photographer. He was best known for his work in the late 1960s for the music magazine Rolling Stone. He was the magazine's first Chief Photographer from 1967 until late 1970. He was born in Columbus, Ohio.
Wolman died on November 2, 2020 from problems caused by ALS in Santa Fe, New Mexico at the age of 83.
References
1937 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
American photographers
People from Columbus, Ohio
People from Santa Fe, New Mexico
Pashupatinath Temple

Pashupatinath is one of the most sacred temples of Hinduism. It is in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal. It is the temple of the Hindu god Shiva.
Hindu temples
Buildings and structures in Nepal
Islam in West Bengal

According to the (2021) estimation, the West Bengal state has over 31,144,763 Muslims, who form 30% of the state's population. The vast majority of Muslims in West Bengal are Bengali Muslims numbering around 2.4 crore and comprising 23% of the state population, urdu speaking muslims comprise 7% of the state population, a notable section of non-Bengali Muslims also exist, particularly among Biharis, Hindustanis, Dawoodi Bohra and various Native communities such as Raj Bongshi particular numbering around 1.2 Millions comprising rest 1.2% of the state population.
Related pages
Christianity in West Bengal
Hinduism in West Bengal
References
West Bengal
west Bengal
Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy

The Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) is a heath center in the University of Minnesota. It deals with public health and responding to infectious diseases. It was established in 2001.
Biography
Michael Osterholm the Center to prevent illness and infectious disease. In 2019, he did this with Seattle Children's Research Institute.
References
Hospitals in the United States
Hermann Emil Fischer

Hermann Emil Fischer (9 October 1852 - 15 July 1919) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902.
Fischer was the founder of the chemistry of primary natural products: carbohydrates, purines and nucleosides, peptides and proteins. Amongst his many discoveries were the structure of carbohydrates, and he was the first to get synthetic peptides. He studied the active principles of tea, coffee and cocoa, namely, caffeine and theobromine.
Fischer also proposed the lock & key model of enzyme action.
Family
Fischer was married to Agnes Gerlach in Feb. 1888, but she died seven years after their marriage. They had three sons, named Hermann Otto Laurenz Fischer (16. Dec. 1888 - 09. Mar. 1960) Walter (05. Jul. 1891 - 04. Nov. 1916) and Alfred (3. Oct. 1894 - 29. Mar. 1917). Alfred was killed in World War I, Walter committed suicide at the age of 25 as a result of compulsory military training.
His eldest son Hermann Otto Laurenz Fischer, was Professor of Biochemistry in the University of California, Berkeley from 1948 until his death in 1960.
Death
At the end, suffering from terminal cancer, he is thought to have committed suicide in 1919.
Emil Fischer is burried at Friedhof Wannsee, Lindenstrasse and since 1956 named as grave of honor for extraordinary services or achievements in his lifetimes.
References
1852 births
1919 deaths
German academics
German chemists
German Nobel Prize winners
Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners
Suicides in Germany
Hamadan

Hamadan () or Hamedan (, Hamedan) (Old Persian: HaNGgmetana, Ecbatana) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran.
References
Round cities
Cities in Iran
Foster's Lager

Foster's is a full strength Australian beer. It was first brewed by the brothers, W.M. Foster and R.R. Foster, in 1887. It is a European style lager, with 4.9% alcohol. More than 100 million cases of Foster's Lager are sold around the world each year, which makes it Australia's biggest selling beer. It is brewed in nine countries using 20 breweries. While known overseas as a classic Australian beer, it is far less common in Australia than other beers such as Victoria Bitter and XXXX Gold.
References
Beer
Economy of Australia
Analytic philosophy

Analytic philosophy is a branch of philosophy that was important in the 20th century. Analytical philosophy focuses on the philosophy of language and on argumentation. Important thinkers of this movement include Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Related pages
Metaphilosophy
Ordinary language philosophy
Branches of philosophy
Rudimental

Rudimental are an English electronic music quartet, signed to Asylum Records, Atlantic Records and Black Butter Records. The quartet consists of Amir Amor, DJ Locksmith, Piers Agget and one more.
They have collaborated with artists including John Newman, Alex Clare, Ella Eyre (who recently featured on their #1 single "Waiting All Night"), Becky Hill, Ed Sheeran, Will Heard, Anne-Marie, amongst others.
Atlantic Records artists
English musical groups
Musical groups established in 2010
Musical quartets
2010s British music groups
2010 establishments in England
Canlers

Canlers is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Škoda Fabia

The Skoda Fabia is a car produced by Skoda Auto in two generations since 1999. It is currently in its third generation which launched in late 2014.
First generation (1999-2007)
The first generation launched in late 1999 and launched in the UK in Spring 2000 with estate and saloon versions added in 2001 and got a facelift in 2004.
Models
Engines
Petrol engines
1.0 37 kW (50 hp)
1.2 HTP 40 kW (54 hp) and 47 kW (64 hp)
1.4 MPI 44 kW (60 hp) and 50 kW (68 hp)
1.4 16V 55 kW (75 hp), 59 kW (80 hp) and 74 kW (101 hp)
2.0 MPI 85 kW (116 hp) and 88 kW (120 hp)
Diesel engines
1.4 TDI 51 kW (69 hp), 55 kW (75 hp) and 59 kW (80 hp)
1.9 SDI 47 kW (64 hp)
1.9 TDI 74 kW (101 hp)
1.9 TDI RS 96 kW (131 hp)
Second generation (2007-2014)
The second generation model launched in Spring 2007 and continued with hatchback and estate models, the saloon was dropped due to poor sales, it was facelifted in 2010 and got a minor update in 2013. The car was launched in the UK with a memorable advert with the car made entirely of cake and used the song My Favourite Things from The Sound Of Music.
Models
Engines
Petrol engines
1.2 HTP 44 kW (60 hp) and 51 kW (69 hp)
1.2 TSI 63 kW (86 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
1.4 16V 63 kW (86 hp)
1.4 TSI RS 132 kW (180 hp)
1.6 16V 77 kW (105 hp)
Diesel engines
1.2 TDI 55 kW (75 hp)
1.4 TDI 51 kW (69 hp) and 59 kW (80 hp)
1.6 TDI 55 kW (75 hp), 66 kW (90 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
1.9 TDI 77 kW (105 hp)
Fourth generation (2021-present)
The Fabia IIII which will be unveiled in spring 2021 will be a little longer than the current generation. Based on the technical platform of the Volkswagen Polo and the Skoda Scala, it will have, according to Skoda, an additional 50 liters of trunk, bringing the capacity to a total of 380 liters, In its press release, Skoda also mentions the fact that the car will no longer be offered with gasoline powered mechanics. These will be paired with a manual gearbox or the 7-speed DSG dual-clutch transmission.
Fabia
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Social choice theory

Social choice theory, which is also called theory of collective choice, is a theory that looks at how a group of people reach a decision. Usually this is done by combining and aggregating the opinion of each member of the group. A classic problem of social choice theory is that of holding an election or a popular vote.
Related pages
Arrow's impossibility theorem
Economic theories
Politics
Sherwood Forest

Sherwood Forest is an ancient woodland near Nottingham, England. It is famous as the home of the mythical outlaw, Robin Hood and his men (and Maid Marian). Legend claims that they lived near the Major Oak. Its branches are now supported by props.
Other websites
Forests of England
Nottinghamshire
Canal Once (Mexico)

Once (Eleven; formerly Once TV Mexico and Canal Once) is a Mexican educational broadcast television network owned by National Polytechnic Institute. The network's flagship station is XEIPN-TDT channel 11 in Mexico City. It broadcasts across Mexico through nearly 40 TV transmitters. It is a required carriage on all Mexican cable and satellite providers. The network also operates an international feed which is available in the United States via satellite from DirecTV, via online from VEMOX and also on various cable outlets, on "Latino" or "Spanish" tiers. Most of its programs are also webcast through the Internet, though its programming is not the same as the actual broadcasters or satellite signal.
Other websites
Official Site
International Site
Canal Once webcast
Once Noticias (Newscasts)
Television stations
1959 establishments in North America
Osman Yusuf

Osman Yusuf (osumanyusehu Osuman Yusefu, May 23, 1920 - August 29, 1982), also credited under a variety of other names, was a Turkish actor who appeared frequently in Japanese films and television.
Characterized by his large stature and tendency to wear dark sunglasses in many of his roles, Yusuf was born in the Ottoman Empire in 1920 and moved to Japan prior to World War II, earning permanent residence. As a foreigner fluent in Japanese, Yusuf became a valuable supporting actor in Japanese productions. Yusuf also worked as an interpreter for Toho along with fellow actor Henry Okawa. Yusuf's younger brother, Omar "Turk" Yusuf, was also a professional wrestler and actor in Japan. Osman Yusuf died on August 29, 1982, at the age of 62.
Life
Turkish born actor living in Japan. Yusef was somewhat fluent in Japanese, which made him a hot commodity for films that required actors of Western appearance that could convincingly interact with Japanese co-stars. Yusef also served as a translator between actors of different nationalities, along with fellow actor Heihachiro "Henry" Okawa, who also spoke English. Yusef's hooded eyes and broad physique led to his casting in intrepid or officials roles, such as astronauts and submarine officers. He also had a notable appearance as one of Jerry Ito's henchmen in Mothra (1961). He, along with fellow English-speaking actor Harold Conway, appeared in scenes filmed for Mothra vs. Godzilla (1964) that were only shown outside of Japan.
Films
All films on IMDb
Samir Farid

Samir Farid () (December 1, 1943 - April 4, 2017) was an Egyptian writer, movie critic, journalist and movie historian. He was born in Cairo, Egypt. He authored and translated over 60 books since 1966 on Egyptian, Arab and World cinema. He was the consultant for Cinema affairs in the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (2001-2016).
He was a member of jury in International film festivals since 1972. (Among them Oberhausen Film Festival 1978, DOC Leipzig Film festival 1984, Annecy International Animated Film Festival 1998, Torino Film Festival 2001, Controcorrente (Upstream section) of Venice Film Festival 2003, Thessaloniki Film Festival 2003 and Taormina Film Festival 2010.)
He also was the Head of The Cairo International Film Festival 2014.
Farid died on April 4, 2017 in Cairo from a long-illness at the age of 73.
Related pages
List of historians by continent
References
1943 births
2017 deaths
Egyptian journalists
Movie critics
Historians
Writers from Cairo
Bay Shore, New York

Bay Shore is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Islip, Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 26,337 at the time of the 2010 census.
References
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Hamlets in New York (state)
Islip (town), New York
Rivet

A rivet is a type of bolt which fastens plates of metal together. Riveting was a main method of building metal ships, bridges and many other complex metal objects. It was developed in the early industrial revolution from earlier ideas. It is no longer the main method of metal fastening, but examples can be seen all over the world.
The key idea is that the slug of metal is red-hot when hammered into place. This results in the slug of metal having a dumbell shape which holds the two metal sheets together. An automatic jackhammer is used to force the metal into position, so giving a bulb on the inside face away from the pounding. The process (for example, of ship building) was very noisy. As the metal cooled, the two end of the rivet were pulled together, making a tight joint.
To be a riveter was skilled work. The men worked in teams of four: two to heat the rivet and pass it to the two fasteners. It was therefore an expensive process even when it was shortened by mechanising the heating process as in the example shown.
Rivets could be tested simply by tapping. A rivet tightly set in its hole gives a clear ring, while a loose rivet produces a different sound.
Riveting developed in many ways, and there are many different kinds of rivets. Today riveting has been largely replaced by welding, or by high-strength bolts. However, riveting is still used where light weight and high strength are critical, such as in aircraft.
Examples
Eiffel Tower
Sydney Harbour Bridge
References
Manufacturing
Hardware (mechanical)
World of Wonder

World of Wonder Productions is a production company founded in 1991 by filmmakers Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato. Based in Los Angeles, California, the company produces reality and documentary television programs, feature films, and new media, primarily specializing in documenting erotica, sexuality and the sex subculture.
References
Further reading
Other websites
Companies based in Los Angeles
1991 establishments in California
Shattuck, Oklahoma

Shattuck is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Calliano, Piedmont

Calliano is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Twin towns
Calliano is twinned with:
Calliano, Italy
Callian, France
Settlements in Piedmont
Alachua County, Florida

Alachua County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on February 29, 1824. As of 2020, the population is 278,468. Alachua County's seat is Gainesville.
References
Other websites
Official county website
Florida counties
1824 establishments in Florida Territory
Daugava

The Daugava () or Western Dvina is a river rising in the Valdai Hills, Russia, flowing through Russia, Belarus, and Latvia and into the Gulf of Riga. The total length of the river is : in Russia, in Belarus, and in Latvia.
Within Latvia it flows through Latgale, Zemgale, Vidzeme and Riga, before flowing into the Gulf of Riga.
References
Rivers of Belarus
Rivers of Russia
Geography of Latvia
Tresson

Tresson is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Figeac

Figeac () is a commune in southern France in the region of Occitanie. It is the sous-prefecture (capital) of the arrondissement of the same name in the Lot department.
History
In the late ninth century, the King Pepin I of Aquitaine founded a monastery in Figeac; the town developed around the monastery as an important city on the pilgrimage routes. In the 14th century, the walls of Figeac were built.
Figeac is on the via Podiensis, a major medieval pilgrimage trail which is part of the Way of St. James.
Geography
Figeac is on the southwestern edge of the central plateau (Massif Central), north of the valley of the Lot river, on the right bank of the Cele river, a left tributary of the Lot.
The commune has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
Figeac is surrounded by the communesCamburat, Planioles, Viazac, Lunan, Capdenac, Faycelles, Beduer, Camboulit, Lissac-et-Mouret.
Climate
The climate of Figeac, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Figeac are known, in French, as Figeacois (women: Figeacoises).
With a population of 9,820, Figeac has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Figeac
Figeac forms with other 4 communes the urban area of Figeac, with a population of 16,468 inhabitants (2013) and an area of ; one of the communes is Capdenac-Gare that belongs to the Aveyron department. This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Figeac, formed by 33 communes with a population of 25,593 inhabitants and an area of .
Administration
Figeac is a subprefecture of the Lot department, the capital of the arrondissement of Figeac and the administrative centre () of the Figeac-1 and Figeac-2 cantons.
It is part of the intercommunality Le Grand Figeac ().
People from or related to Figeac
Jean-Francois Champollion, the first translator of Egyptian hieroglyphs, was born in Figeac, where there is a Champollion Museum. On the "Place des ecritures" ("Square of the Writings"), there is a giant copy of the Rosetta Stone, by Joseph Kosuth.
The actor Charles Boyer was also born in Figeac.
Sister cities
Figeac is twinned with:
Roubaix, France
Carrara, Italy
Huesca, Spain
Gallery
Related pages
Arrondissement of Figeac
Communes of the Lot department
References
Other websites
City Council website
Pays de Figeac tourist office
Subprefectures in France
Communes in Lot
Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy

Victor Amadeus I (8 May 1587 - 7 October 1637) was the Duke of Savoy from 1630 to 1637. He was also titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem. He was also known as the Lion of Susa.
Biography
He was born in Turin to Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Catherine Micaela of Austria. He spent much of his childhood at the Spanish court in Madrid. When his brother Filippo Emanuele, Prince of Piedmont died, he became legitimate heir to the duchy and received the loyalty swore of the court at Racconigi on 21 January 1607.
After a crisis with relationships with Spain, he was married to Henry IV of France's daughter Christine Marie in 1619.
Victor Amadeus became Duke of Savoy after his father's death in 1630. Charles Emmanuel's policies had brought a great instability in the relationships with both France and Spain, and troops were needed to defend the Duchy. As money was lacking to recruit mercenaries or train indigenous soldiers, Victor Amadeus signed a peace treaty with Spain. With the Treaty of Cherasco, Savoy was given back Pinerolo, although, according to a secret point of the agreement, that important stronghold was to remain with France in exchange for Geneve.
On 25 September of that year, Victor Amadeus fell ill after a dinner offered by the Duke of Crequi. Carried to Turin, he died here on 7 October.
References
genealogy.euweb.cz
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
8 May 1587-21 January 1607 His Highness Victor Amadeus of Savoy
21 January 1607-26 July 1630His Highness the Prince of Piedmont
26 July 1630-7 October 1637 His Highness the Duke of Savoy
1587 births
1637 deaths
Dukes and Duchesses of Savoy
Princes and Princesses of Piedmont
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
British Rail Class 341 and 342

Class 341 and Class 342 were proposed electric multiple unit classes from the Networker series planned to operate new services on the UK rail network. unfortunately they were never built
References
341
Ludovico Vico

Ludovico Vico (11 February 1952 - 8 September 2021) was an Italian politician. He was born in Taranto, Italy. He was a member of the Italian Communist Party. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy from 2006 until 2013 and again from 2015 until 2018.
Vico died on 8 September 2021 in Manduria, Italy at the age of 69.
References
1952 births
2021 deaths
Italian politicians
Rezső Gallai (supercentenarian)

Rezso Gallai (29 January 1904 -- 25 September 2014) was an Hungarian supercentenarian. He lived until the age of 110 years, 239 days. Gallai was the oldest living man in Europe, following the death of 111-year old Arturo Licata on 24 April 2014, until his own death on 25 September 2014.
Gallai died on 25 September 2014 in Gyor, aged 110.
References
1904 births
2014 deaths
Hungarian people
Supercentenarians
Gyor-Moson-Sopron County
Mimaropa

MIMAROPA, also known as Southern Tagalog Islands, is a region of the Philippines. It was also called Region IV-B. The provinces of the region are Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan. The capital is Calapan.
Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park and El Nido Marine Reserve Park are in the region.
History
The MIMAROPA region was created by Executive Order No. 103 in 2002.
References
Regions of the Philippines
John DiMaggio

John William DiMaggio (born September 4, 1968) is an American voice actor and comedian. He is the voice of Bender in Futurama and of Jake the Dog in Adventure Time.
Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
References
Other websites
1968 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
Actors who played the Joker
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American video game actors
Comedians from New Jersey
People from Plainfield, New Jersey
Backpacker murders

Between 1990 and 1996, a total of seven people were killed in Australia. Since all of the people were backpackers, the events are known as backpacker murders today. All of their bodies were found in Belangalo State Forest, which is close to Sydney. Ivan Milat killed all of these people.
What happened
7 people were found in Belangalo State Forest. Five of these people were visiting Australia - three Germans and two British people. The other two were visiting Sydney from other parts of Australia. Some of these people were by themselves. Some of these people were with a friend. The 7 people were all different from each other.
Television report
On the TV they said that tourists were killed, but not everyone who died was a tourist.
The crimescene
The 7 people were found all over Belangalo State Forest, which is a big area. One of them had their head chopped off. Someone had sex with some of them. Some of them had their clothes taken off. Some of them had bits of their bodies cut off and put somewhere else. Some of the bodies were by themselves.
Deaths
Some of the people had been killed with a knife. Some had been killed with a gun. Some seemed to have been strangled.
The 7 people who died had nothing in common. People who tried to find out who did it said that there may have been more than one person who killed them. They said that they may have been a part of a gang.
Catching Ivan Milat
Ivan Milat (born 1944 died 2019) was an Australian man from New South Wales who lived near Belangalo State Forest. So police arrested Milat and searched his house. They found out that:
Milat had a gun similar to the weapon used to murder the victims and items that belonged to the victims.
One man in England said that he was nearly killed by Milat.
Police then said that Ivan Milat must have tried to kill that man. They also said that Ivan Milat may have killed all of the other people.
Milat went to court, and people in court said that he did kill all of these people.
The mystery
Some people think that other people helped Milat. Some people said his brothers helped him, or a girl, or lots of other people. Police have said that there are more than 30 people that went missing that might have been killed by Milat.
1990s in Australia
Murder in Australia
Murder in the 1990s
History of New South Wales