pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Land van Cuijk

Land van Cuijk is a municipality in the province of North Brabant, the Netherlands. As of 2022, about 90,000 people are living there.
It was established by a merger of Boxmeer, Cuijk, Grave, Mill en Sint Hubert, and Sint Anthonis on 1 January 2022.
Other websites
Official website
2022 establishments in the Netherlands
Crancey

Crancey is a commune in Aube in north-central France.
Crancey
Maurice Boucher

Maurice Boucher (21 June 1953 - 10 July 2022) was a Canadian murderer, drug trafficker, and outlaw biker--once president of the Hells Angels' Montreal chapter.
Boucher led Montreal's Hells Angels against the rival Rock Machine biker gang during the Quebec Biker war. In 2002, Boucher was convicted of ordering the murders of two Quebec prison officers. He served three life sentences at Canada's only supermax prison prison in Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines.
Boucher was transferred in June 2022 to get palliative care because of the metastasis of his throat cancer. He died on 10 July 2022 from the disease in Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Canada at the age of 69.
References
1953 births
2022 deaths
People who died in prison custody
People convicted of murder
People from Quebec
Canadian murderers
Rowlett, Texas

Rowlett is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Dallas County, Texas
Joaquín Sánchez

Joaquin Sanchez (born 21 July 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Valencia.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="6"|Real Betis Balompie||Segunda Division||36||3||||||||||36||3
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|La Liga||35||4||||||||||35||4
|-
|2002/03||37||9||||||||||37||9
|-
|2003/04||36||8||||||||||36||8
|-
|2004/05||38||5||||||||||38||5
|-
|2005/06||35||3||||||||||35||3
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Valencia||rowspan="4"|La Liga||35||5||3||0||8||0||46||5
|-
|2007/08||34||3||8||4||7||0||49||7
|-
|2008/09||31||4||3||1||4||1||38||6
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
317||44||14||5||19||1||350||50
317||44||14||5||19||1||350||50
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2002||9||0
|-
|2003||8||2
|-
|2004||9||0
|-
|2005||9||2
|-
|2006||7||0
|-
|2007||9||0
|-
!Total||51||4
|}
References
1981 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Stendal

Hansestadt Stendal or Stendal () is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. About 40,000 people live in the city.
It is the capital of the Stendal District and the main town in the Altmark region.
Towns in Saxony-Anhalt
Rattlesden

Rattlesden is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 811 people living in Rattlesden.
References
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Mid Suffolk
Saint-Jans-Cappel

Saint-Jans-Cappel is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,706 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Synagogue

A synagogue is a place where Jews meet to worship and pray to God.
In Hebrew, a synagogue is called beit knesset, which means, a "house of gathering". The word "synagogue" comes from sunagoge, which is a Greek word. In a synagogue, Jews carry out the Jewish services, which consist of prayers, sometimes with special actions.
A synagogue will usually have a large room for prayers. There might be some smaller rooms for studying. There will be some offices. There will also usually be a big room for special events.
The front of a synagogue faces towards Jerusalem in Israel. In the front is the holiest part of the synagogue, the Ark. This is a closet which has the Torah scrolls inside. The Torah scrolls have the holy writings of Judaism on them. The Ark usually has a curtain in front of it.
On top of the Ark is light which is always lit, called the "Eternal Lamp". It is a symbol which means that God is always there.
Every synagogue has a raised platform called the "Bimah". The person who reads the Torah scroll stands there when he reads. The Bimah is either in the middle of the hall, or in front of the Ark.
In some synagogues men and women sit in different places. Some synagogues even have a short wall so that they can not see each other. This is so that the people will think about the prayers better.
Jews may call synagogues by different names. Many Orthodox and Conservative Jews living in English-speaking countries use the name "synagogue" or the word "shul", which is Yiddish. Jews who speak Spanish or Portuguese call synagogues esnoga. Some Jews call the synagogue a temple.
Jewish worship does not have to be carried out in a synagogue. It can be wherever a minyan of ten Jews are. It could be in someone's home or anywhere such as a cruise liner or an airplane. Some synagogues have a separate room or torah study, this is called the "beth midrash" meaning house of study. Some kinds of Jewish worship can be done alone or with fewer than ten people.
Synagogues are places were Jews can worship.
Judaism
Chumbinho

Chumbinho (born 21 September 1986) is a Brazilian football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2006||Kashima Antlers||J. League 1||7||0||3||0||1||0||11||0
7||0||3||0||1||0||11||0
7||0||3||0||1||0||11||0
References
1986 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Robertson County, Tennessee

Robertson County is a county on the central northern border of Tennessee in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 72,803. The county seat is Springfield. The county was named for James Robertson, an explorer, founder of Nashville, and a state senator.
References
Tennessee counties
Silhak

Silhak (silhag) was a Korean teaching. It was very famous in the Joseun Dynasty. Sil means "actual" or "practical," and hak means "studies" or "learning". It also meant "practical learning", like teaching how to farm and about economy.
Creation
Silhak was first made when the Joseon Dynasty was having a hard time, and after Japan had made war with them. The people of Korea were very poor, and their economical situation was not good. Also, all the farmland had grown barren and it was very hard to farm. To prevent all of this trouble, instead of learning neo-Confucianism, some philosophers decided that a new education should be made to help the poor, and they named it Silhak.
Scholars
Kim Yuk, 1580-1658, introduced into Korea a new calendar, and supported technology.
Yi Su-gwang, 1563-1627, scholar-official who introduced Western science, religion, and social studies to Korea.
Yi Minseo, son of Yi Su-gwang
Heo Mok, 1595-1682
Yu Hyeong-won, 1622-1673, showing what is sometimes called the first generation of Silhak scholars and made a "public land system" where the state would give the land for the farmer to use.
Yi Seo-woo, 1633-1709,
Yi Ik, 1681-1764, of the second generation of Silhak scholars, founder of the Gyeongsechiyongpa (gyeongseciyongpa Jing Shi Zhi Yong Pai School of Administration and Practical Usage), helping economy, and government administration. This is known as the "equal field system" and was supposed to give enough land for each farmer to live. Yi Ik, different to the neo-Confucians, believed that subjects such as geography and mathematics could be real teachings.
An Jeong-bok, 1712-1791, student of Yi Ik.
Yun Hyu, 1617-1680
Park Se-dang, 1629-1703
Shin hoodam, 1702-1761
Park Ji-won, 1737-1805, center of the Iyonghusaengpa (iyonghusaengpa Li Yong Hou Sheng Pai School of Profitable Usage and Benefiting the People), helped industry, commerce, and the introduction of foreign technology.
Sin Gyeong-jun, 1712-1781
Wi Baek-gyu, 1727-1798
Hong Dae-yong, 1731-1783, was a person who studied the space.
Yi Deok-mu, 1741-1793
Pak Je-ga, 1750-1815, was a part of the Northern School of Silhak and was particularly angry of the civil service tests (kwago), which was made to pick the most intelligent men to serve the government but had become corrupt and allowed unintelligent men into government.
Kim Jeonghui, 1786-1856, representing the Silsagusipa (silsagusipa Shi Shi Qiu Shi Pai School of Seeking Evidence)
Jeong Yak-yong, 1762-1836 (informally known as "Dasan"), leading the third wave of Silhak. Like a number of other Silhak scholars, he was interested in some Christian ideas. He suggested a "village land system," in which the village would hold its land in common and farm the land as a whole, while the products of the land would be divided based on the amount of labor. He wrote The Mind Governing the People (mogminsimseo) and argued that a high social class order with the king at the top was not good.
References
Baker D (1999), A different thread: Orthodoxy, heterodoxy and Catholicism in a Confucian world, in JHK Haboush & M Deuchler (eds.), Culture and State in Late Choson Korea. Harv. Univ. Press, pp. 199-230.
Korean culture
Waterloo Wind Farm

Waterloo Wind Farm is based east of Manoora, South Australia. It is the largest wind farm operated by EnergyAustralia. The 111 megawatt wind farm spreads across five acres of land and cost about $350 million, it began construction in November, 2008 and has been operational since October 2010. On a windy day three wind turbines can power the whole of Clare and the whole wind farm can power up to 163,000 homes or 5 to 10% of South Australia.
Related pages
Wind power in South Australia
References
Other websites
Waterloo Wind Farm Environmental Noise Study .
Wind farms
Buildings and structures in Australia
South Australia
Sydney, Lady Morgan

Sydney, Lady Morgan (nee Owenson; 25 December 1781? - 14 April 1859), was an Irish novelist. She was best known as the author of The Wild Irish Girl.
Notes
Other websites
1781 births
1859 deaths
Irish novelists
Writers from Dublin
Steve LaTourette

Steven Clare LaTourette (July 22, 1954 - August 3, 2016) was an American politician who served as the U.S. Representative for Ohio's 19th congressional district and then Ohio's 14th congressional district from 1995 to 2013.
References
1954 births
2016 deaths
Politicians from Ohio
Montalenghe

Montalenghe is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Settlements in Piedmont
Ponnambalam Arunachalam

Sir Ponnambalam Arunachchalam (14 September 1853 - 9 January 1924) was a Ceylonese statesman. He was a member of the Executive Council and the Legislative Council.
Early life
His father was Gate Mudaliyar Arunachalam Ponnambalam. His mother was Sellachchi Ammaiyar. He was the third son of their parents and the younger brother of Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan who was another famous Ceylon Tamil leader. He was educated at the Colombo Academy (Royal College Colombo), Colombo, and at Christ's College, Cambridge.
He married Swarnambal Namasivayam and had three sons, Sir Arunachalam Mahadeva, KCMG; Sivananthan Arunachalam and Arunachalam Ramanathan.
Career
He was one of the first Ceylonese to enter the Ceylon Civil Service in 1875. He was appointed General in 1887. He showed his positive work in all the positions he held. On his retirement from the Public Service in 1913, he was honored in recognition of his service to the country. He was also nominated by the Governor to a seat in the Executive Council.
1853 births
1924 deaths
Sri Lankan politicians
Tamil people
Rafto Prize

The Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize is a prize founded in the memory of the Norwegian human rights activist, Thorolf Rafto (1922-1986). The prize is now $20,000. It began in 1987 and is awarded each year. The prize ceremony takes place on the first Sunday of November in Bergen, Norway at the National Theatre of Bergen.
Past winners
The first person to receive the prize was Jiri Hajek (1913-1993), a Czech politician and diplomat. He was one of the founders of Charter 77, an organization that worked for human rights in Czechoslovakia. Some other winners of the Rafto Prize are:
Aung San Suu Kyi from Burma (1990)
The people of East Timor, represented by Jose Ramos-Horta (1993)
Kim Dae-jung from South Korea (2000)
Shirin Ebadi from Iran (2001)
References
Awards
COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname

The COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ().
The virus was confirmed to have reached Suriname on 13 March 2020. The case was a person who traveled from the Netherlands the last week.
On 3 April 2020, one person died. On 3 May 2020, all nine cases had recovered. On 18 May, an eleventh case was identified.
References
Suriname
Suriname
2010 US Open – Mixed Doubles

Carly Gullickson and Travis Parrott were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Gisela Dulko and Pablo Cuevas 2-6, 4-6.
Liezel Huber and Bob Bryan won in the final 6-4, 6-4, against Kveta Peschke and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi.
Seeds
Liezel Huber / Bob Bryan (Champions)
Cara Black / Leander Paes (Quarterfinals)
Katarina Srebotnik / Nenad Zimonjic (Second Round)
Bethanie Mattek-Sands / Daniel Nestor (Semifinals)
<li> Rennae Stubbs / Dick Norman (First Round)
<li> Elena Vesnina / Andy Ram (Second Round)
<li> Lisa Raymond / Wesley Moodie (Quarterfinals)
<li> Vania King / Horia Tecau (First Round)
Draw
Finals
Top Half
Bottom Half
Other websites
Official site of US Open
Mixed Doubles
Ryoji Yukutomo

Ryoji Yukutomo (born 20 April 1979) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="5"|Otsuka Pharmaceuticals||rowspan="5"|Football League||13||1||||||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2001||19||0||||||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2002||10||0||||||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2003||10||0||||||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2004||4||0||||||colspan="2"|-||4||0
56||1||0||0||0||0||56||1
56||1||0||0||0||0||56||1
|}
References
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Verwood

Verwood is a town and civil parish in eastern Dorset, England.
Towns in Dorset
Civil parishes in England
Man About Dog

Man About Dog is a 2004 Irish British comedy movie directed by Paddy Breathnach and starring Allen Leech, Tom Murphy, Ciaran Nolan, Sean McGinley, Pat Shortt, Fionnula Flanagan.
Other websites
2004 comedy movies
Irish comedy movies
British comedy movies
Movies directed by Paddy Breathnach
Baaghi 2

Baaghi 2 () is a 2018 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Ahmed Khan and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala under the banner of Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment. Based on the Telugu film Kshanam, it stars Tiger Shroff and Disha Patani and it is a spiritual sequel to the 2016 film Baaghi. It is the second installment in the Baaghi film series. Prateik Babbar and Manoj Bajpayee were cast as the antagonists. It is followed by another spiritual sequel, Baaghi 3, which is again directed by Ahmed Khan and was released on 6 March 2020.
The film was released worldwide on 30 March 2018 including 3500 screens in India. The film received positive reviews and became a blockbuster. It was mainly praised for the action scenes performed by Shroff. Baaghi 2 grossed over worldwide to become the third highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2018.
Cast
Tiger Shroff as Captain Ranveer "Ronnie" Pratap Singh: Neha's former boyfriend, an army officer, and Rhea's father
Disha Patani as Neha Salgaonkar (nee Rawat): Ronnie's former girlfriend, Rhea's mother and Shekhar's wife
Manoj Bajpayee as DIG Ajay Shergill
Randeep Hooda as ACP Loha "LSD" Singh Dhull
Darshan Kumar as Shekhar Salgaonkar: Neha's husband and Rhea's stepfather
Deepak Dobriyal as Usman Langda
Prateik Babbar as Sunny Salgaonkar: Shekhar's brother and one of Rhea's kidnappers
Arravya Sharma as Rhea Salgaonkar / Rhea Pratap Singh: Neha and Ronnie's daughter, Shekhar's stepdaughter
Shaurya Bhardwaj as Colonel Ranjit Singh Walia: Ronnie's mentor and boss
Vipin Sharma as Mahendra Kumar Rawat, Neha's father
Sunit Morarjee as Inspector Sharad Kute
Pushy Anand as Rhea's school principal
Indraneel Bhattacharya as Anand Tyagi
Ashwin Kaushal as the bungalow owner
Jacqueline Fernandez as Mohini (in item song "Ek Do Teen")
References
Awa Coulibaly

Awa Gianna Coulibaly (born 6 March 1987) is an Italian rugby player, and judoka. She won the 2019 African Cadet Judo Championships. She played for Stade Rennes rugby.
She was born in Bamako. Her father was an architect, and her mother was an interior decorator. She was raised from the age of three in Chieri, where she finished her secondary studies. She practiced various sports at school before devoting herself to rugby.
In 2005, she played for the Biella club, in Piedmont. In 2007, she joined the Orso Rugby Club ASD, in Biella. In 2011, she signed for AS Rugby Monza, Lombardy.
She played for the Italian team A at the 2012 European Championship in Rovereto, and on November 18 in Rome in a test match against the United States. She played at the 2012 Women's Six Nations Championship, 2013 Women's Six Nations Championship, 2014 Women's Six Nations Championship, and 2015 Women's Six Nations Championship.
In 2013, she was one of the first group of Italian players to play in France to gain more experience, at Rennes. She attended a local university.
References
1987 births
Italian rugby union players
Italian judoka
People from Bamako
Patrick Verbeke

Patrick Verbeke (13 April 1949 - 22 August 2021) was a French guitarist, composer, and singer.
Verbeke joined the group L'Indescriptible chaos rampant in 1967, Civilization in 1970, Tribu in 1972, Magnum in 1975, and Bistrock in 1979. From 1993 to 1998, Verbeke hosted a Saturday-night radio show on Europe 1.
References
1949 births
2021 deaths
People from Caen
French singers
French television presenters
French guitarists
20th-century French composers
21st-century French composers
University of Wisconsin–Green Bay

The University of Wisconsin-Green Bay is a public university in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and a part of the University of Wisconsin System. The university has about 6,549 students. It was founded in 1965. The current chancellor of the university is Dr. Thomas K. Harden.
Sports
The university calls itself "Green Bay" for sports purposes, and its teams use the nickname of Phoenix. The school has 16 varsity teams that compete in the Horizon League.
Other websites
University of Wisconsin-Green Bay's Official website
Green Bay Phoenix official athletics website
Green Bay
Green Bay
Green Bay, Wisconsin
1965 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Wisconsin
Yountville, California

Yountville ( or ) is an incorporated town in Napa County, California. The population was 3,436 at the 2020 census.
References
Towns in California
Settlements in Napa County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Montjoie-le-Château

Montjoie-le-Chateau (; German previously: Frohberg) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region in eastern France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Kirk Hinrich

Kirk James Hinrich (born January 2, 1981) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Chicago Bulls. Hinrich played for the Chicago Bulls from 2003 through 2010, then again since 2012. He played for the Washington Wizards from 2010 through 2011. He played for the Atlanta Hawks from 2011 through 2012.
Hinrich was born on January 2, 1981 in Sioux City, Iowa.
References
Other websites
NBA.com Profile - Kirk Hinrich
Prospect Profile for Kirk Hinrich
1981 births
Living people
American basketball players
Chicago Bulls players
Washington Wizards players
Atlanta Hawks players
Sportspeople from Iowa
People from Sioux City, Iowa
Cox's Bazar

Cox's Bazar is a town, a fishing port and district headquarters in Bangladesh. It is known for its wide sandy beach. It is the world's longest natural sandy sea beach. It is 150 km south of the port Chittagong. Cox's Bazar is also known by the name "Panowa". The modern Cox's Bazar gets its name from Captain Hiram Cox (died 1799), an officer serving in British India.
Today, Cox's Bazar is one of the most-visited tourist destinations in Bangladesh. It has not yet become a major international tourist destination.
References
Beaches of Asia
Settlements in Bangladesh
Dimitris Sioufas

Dimitris Sioufas (; 15 August 1944 - 11 January 2019) was a Greek lawyer and New Democracy politician. He was born in Ellinopyrgos, Karditsa, Greece.
He was first elected to the Greek Parliament for the Karditsa constituency in the 1981 general election, and has been reelected at every election since. He was Deputy Minister of Social Security from August 1991 to December 1992 and Minister of Health, Welfare and Social Services from December 1992 to October 1993.
From 2007 to 2009, he was Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.
References
Other websites
Personal Webpage
Biography on Greek Parliament website
1944 births
2019 deaths
Speakers of the Hellenic Parliament
Greek lawyers
3D (album)

3D is the final studio album by American girl group TLC. It was released on November 12, 2002 by Arista Records. This was six months after Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes died. The album debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 chart. 143,000 copies of 3D were sold in the first week of release. It was then certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipping 1,000,000 copies in the United States. The album was given two Grammy Awards nominations.
Track listing
Release history
Charts
References
2002 albums
TLC (group) albums
Hip hop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Roderick Rijnders

Roderick "Rody" Falesca Renee Trygvae Rijnders (1 March 1941 - 15 January 2018) was a Dutch coxswain. He was born in Batavia. He won the silver medal in the coxed pairs at the 1968 Summer Olympics, alongside Hadriaan van Nes and Herman Suselbeek, as well a European bronze in 1965.
Rijnders died on 15 January 2018 in The Hague at the age of 76.
References
1941 births
2018 deaths
Dutch Olympic silver medalists
Dutch rowers
People from Batavia
Chakavian

Chakavian or Cakavian is a South Slavic language spoken mainly by Croats who live along the Adriatic coast, in the historical regions of Dalmatia, Istria, Croatian Littoral and parts of Central Croatia.
References
Languages of Europe
Slavic languages
End of the Day

End of the Day is an oil painting by Frederic Remington. It dates to 1904. The picture hangs in the Frederic Remington Art Museum, Ogdensburg, New York.
American paintings
1900s paintings
1904 works
Wabash Avenue Bridge

The Wabash Avenue Bridge (officially, Irv Kupcinet Bridge) over the Chicago River was built in 1930. Standing west of the Michigan Avenue Bridge and southwest of the Trump International Hotel and Tower. The bascule bridge connects the Near North Side with "The Loop" area.
The single-deck, double leaf bridge was designed by Thomas Pihlfeldt and built by the Ketler and Elliot Company. The American Institute of Steel Construction awarded it the "Most Beautiful" bridge in 1930.
References
Other websites
Bridges in Chicago
1930 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in Illinois
Brad Fittler

Bradley Scott Fittler (born 5 February 1972), sometimes nicknamed "Freddy", is an Australian professional rugby league coach and former player. He is the current head coach of the New South Wales State of Origin team. He played mostly as a five-eighth. His career lasted from 1989 to 2004. He played for the Penrith Panthers until 1995 and later for the Sydney Roosters. He also coached the Roosters from 2007 to 2009.
Fittler was born in Auburn, New South Wales. He is of German ancestry. He has three children; two of whom with his partner Marie Liarris.
References
Other websites
Brad Fittler stats at Rugby League Project
1972 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Sportspeople from Sydney
Coaches
Takenoshin Nakai

Takenoshin Nakai (ja:Zhong Jing Meng Zhi Jin , November 27, 1882 - December 6, 1952) was a Japanese botanist. He published papers on the plants of Japan and Korea.
Work as a Taxonomist
Nakai was the author or co-author of the taxonomy of 4,733 plants.
Colocasia tonoimo
Persicaria bungeana (Turcz.)Nakai (syn. Polygonum bungeanum Turcz.)
Fl of China
Polygonum
Sophora koreensis
References
1882 births
1952 deaths
Botanists
Japanese biologists
Ponderano

Ponderano is a comune in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
T4 on the Beach

T4 on the Beach is a one-day yearly music event that occurs in Weston-super-Mare in June or July. It began in 2003 as Pop Beach in Great Yarmouth, changing in 2005 to its current name and location. The event is broadcast live on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom.
Other websites
2003 establishments in England
Channel 4 television programmes
Music festivals in England
Norfolk
Somerset
Melancholia

Melancholia is a mental illness. A person with melancholia has intense or long-lasting feelings of sadness, for no clear reason. In the 20th century, the term "melancholia" was mostly replaced by "depression" (also called Major Depressive Disorder).
History
The first person to describe melancholia was Hippocrates, in the 4th century BC. In his Aphorisms, Hippocrates wrote that all "fears and despondencies, if they last a long time", are symptoms of melancholia.
The name "melancholia" comes from the old medical belief that there are four basic liquids in the body (called humors). According to this belief, diseases happen when the humors are not balanced correctly in a person's body. Humors were also thought to determine personality types. According to Hippocrates, melancholia was caused by having too much black bile in the body. The name "melancholia" means 'black bile'. It comes from the Ancient Greek words melas (melas), meaning "dark, black", and khole (khole), meaning "bile".
Robert Burton, a16th century scholar, wrote in detail about the condition in The Anatomy of Melancholy (1621). It discussed melancholia from both literary and medical points of view. Burton wrote that music and dance were critical in treating mental illness, especially melancholia.
References
Related pages
Melancholic depression
Mood disorders
Child abandonment

Child abandonment is when a parent leaves their child. There are many causes of child abandonment, including poverty or mental illness. In many countries, if a children are abandoned, they become orphans and live in an orphanage. They are raised there until they reach 18.
In the United States, "Safe Haven Laws" allow parents to leave their infants at certain safe places. The goal of these laws is to keep parents from leaving their infants in unsafe places, or killing them. In some states, leaving a baby at a Safe Haven is thought of as child abandonment, and a complaint may be filed in family court. But as long as the baby has not been hurt, the parents cannot be charged with a crime for leaving their baby at a Safe Haven. The baby is given to state child protection workers, who find a safe place for the baby and try to get him or her adopted. Hospitals, fire stations, and police stations are common Safe Havens.
History
Abandonment (or exposure) was a widely used method of getting rid of babies that parents did not want. Babies would be left outside, often in a pot or a vase, to die. It was practiced in ancient times, especially in Athens. The babies at the most risk were girls; babies with physical disabilities; ugly babies; children born to poor families; and babies who looked unwell. In past days, Women would not voice their thoughts on whether their babies were left to die. Due to the patriarchic structure of society, the fathers were the only ones who ultimately had a say.
References
Child abuse
Filter

A filter is a device used to remove unwanted parts from something. For example, removing solid particles from a liquid. Filter can also mean the act of filtering: it can be used as a verb. The different branches of science and technology often mean a particular kind of device when filter is mentioned.
In chemistry
The simplest filter is the kind called filter paper. Liquids can pass through the paper. Solid particles are stopped.
More advanced filters are possible. Two that are often used to make water more pure are activated carbon and zeolites.
Filters are used to remove unwanted items and/or impurities in the substance you are filtering.
In electrical science
The most usual thing meant by filter in electrical science is a wave filter. One common kind lets through some frequencies and stops all others. This is a band pass filter. For instance, in a radio it can select the radio station the listener wants to hear. The frequency of that station is passed, but all others are rejected.
There are many other uses, including use in telephones and audio, see: audio crossover.
There are digital filters which can be used to filter things besides frequencies. A common use is to improve the quality of pictures. For instance, there are filters which can make the edges of objects look more clear.
In optics and photography
Optical filters act on light. They change it certain ways. This can be used for photographic filters.
In mechanics
Filters can be made from mechanical components. They will do very similar things to electric filters. Most especially, mechanical filters can be wave filters. That is, they can block some frequencies and pass others. Because of this, electric filters are sometimes made by first making a mechanical filter. The electric wave is turned into a mechanical movement, then passed through the filter, then turned back in to an electric wave. This kind of filter is often made from quartz crystals.
A device which changes electrical signals into mechanical signals is called a transducer. A device which changes mechanical signals into electrical signals is also a transducer, but one of a different kind.
In information technology
An internet filter removes certain kinds of information. For example, certain words can be blocked.
Computer science
Analytical chemistry
Scinax proboscideus

The Gran Rio snouted tree frog (Scinax proboscideus) is a frog that lives in the middle of the Guianas: Guyana and French Guiana. Scienitsts think it may also live in Brazil.
References
Frogs of South America
Montandon

Montandon is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
John V. Tunney

John Varick Tunney (June 26, 1934 - January 12, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in New York City. He studied at Yale University and at the University of Virginia. Tunney served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 38th congressional district from 1965 through 1971.
Tunney defeated then-incumbent United States Senator George Murphy in the 1970 election. He became Senator on January 3, 1971 and would serve until January 2, 1977 when he lost to S. I. Hayakawa in the 1976 election.
Tunney died of prostate cancer in Santa Monica, California on January 12, 2018 at the age of 83.
References
Other websites
Former U.S. Senator John V. Tunney
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress entry
1934 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in California
United States senators from California
United States representatives from California
Politicians from New York City
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Biscay

Biscay (; ; ) is a province of Spain, lying on the south shore of the bay with the same name. The name also refers to a historical territory of the Basque Country. Its capital city is Bilbao.
References
Provinces of Spain
Basque Country
Bury

Bury is a town in the north of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester in North West England.
Bury is between Rochdale and Salford; the town is a dormitory town in a northern suburb of Manchester. It is just west of the M66 motorway, and is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury. It has a population of 60,718.
It has a flourishing market which won Britain's Favourite Market Award in 2019. It is famous for Bury Black Puddings.
References
BAC One-Eleven

The British Aircraft Corporation One-Eleven or sometime British Aircraft Corporation 111 or also BAC 111 was a British airliner. It was a twin-turbojet that could carry around one hundred passengers. Some were built under licence in Romania as RomBAC 111. This aircraft is similar to the French Sud Aviation Caravelle and to the US Douglas DC-9. The One-Eleven was retired from service in the 1990s because of noise restrictions. It was one of the more successful British designed airliners.
History and service
Before the airplane was called the BAC 1-11, it was called the Hunting 107 before Hunting Aircraft merged with British Aircraft corporation. It entered service in 1965, a while before it's competitors. Despite it being a British aircraft, half of the original orders were American. During the 1980s noise restrictions were passed, and most airlines wanted to hush-kit the aircraft instead of putting the aircraft out of service. They did this because at least half of the 1-11s still in service were fairly new; only 5-10 years old. During the early 1990s, more noise restrictions were passed, and this time, the planes were approaching retirement age anyway, so the BAC 1-11 saw most airlines retiring them in the 90s. The last ones in service were testbeds for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, and those were retired in 2019.
Civil aircraft
Health Promotion Board

Health Promotion Board (Abbr.: HDB; Malay: Lembaga Penggalakan Kesihatan, Chinese: Xin Jia Po Bao Jian Cu Jin Ju ) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Health. This board has been established in 2001, and it is responsible in national health promotion and disease prevention programmes in Singapore.
Other websites
2000s establishments in Singapore
2001 establishments in Asia
Organizations based in Singapore
Potsdam-Mittelmark

Potsdam-Mittelmark is a Kreis (district) in the western part of Brandenburg, Germany.
The district was created in 1993 by joining the old districts Belzig, Brandenburg-Land and Potsdam-Land.
Coat of arms
Towns and municipalities
References
Other websites
Official website
Rural Districts of Brandenburg
Trudering-Riem

Trudering-Riem (Central Bavarian: Trudaring-Ream) is a borough in Munich, Bavaria. The districts of Trudering and Riem merged to form Trudering-Riem.
Other websites
www.muenchen.de - Trudering
www.muenchen.de - Riem
History
Abendzeitung
Boroughs of Munich
Rennell/Bellona constituency

Rennell/Bellona is a constituency of the Solomon Islands. It is in the Rennell and Bellona Province.
Election results
References
Solomon Islands parliamentary constituencies
Battle of Kursk

The Battle of Kursk was a World War II battle. It happened on 5 July to 23 August 1943 near Kursk, Russia.
1940s in the Soviet Union
1943 in Europe
Kursk
Kursk
Kursk
July events
August events
Narrows, Virginia

Narrows, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
Traffic calming

Traffic calming measures are changes to a road to make car drivers slow down and to make the road safer for people who have to walk across the road. Some traffic calming techniques include installing speed bumps and narrowing roads, which make drivers slow down. Another way to make drivers slow down is to set speed limits. These speed limits can be enforced with automatic speed cameras. These cameras take photographs of people who are driving too fast. Another way to slow drivers down is to make curbs wider.
Traffic
Tesco

Tesco is a multinational retailer owned by Tesco PLC from the United Kingdom. It was started by Jack Cohen in 1919 who opened the first Tesco grocery store in 1931 near London, England. His business grew very quickly and there were 100 Tesco stores by 1939. At first, Tesco only sold food in its stores, but in the 1990s it began to sell other things like mobile phones, DVDs and videos, clothing, and books. It now also operates petrol stations, banks, and is an Internet service provider in the UK since 2012.
There are different brands of Tesco stores, which are all different sizes. They go from small convenience stores to large hypermarkets. With more than 3,000 stores in the UK alone, it is one of the biggest retailers in the country. Tesco's website was also one of the first to let people buy things from the Internet.
The company that owns Tesco is called Tesco plc (public limited company) and is listed on the London Stock Exchange. It has opened stores in other countries within Europe and Asia. Countries with Tesco stores include Ireland, Hungary, Malaysia, and Thailand. Today, Tesco is the third-largest retailer in the world when measured by profit and the fifth-largest by revenue.
Other website
Corporate website
Tesco Payslipview
Supermarkets of the United Kingdom
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
1919 establishments in the United Kingdom
Arranged marriage

An arranged marriage is when a couple are decided to wed by people other than themselves. In most cases, this is decided by their parents or other elders in their families, but can also be decided by religious figures, teachers, close friends of the family or others. It is mostly practised in Southern Asian, African, East, and Middle Eastern cultures today, and in East and Southeast Asian cultures to some extent. Arranged marriages are not just an alliance between two individuals, it is an alliance between families. Unlike forced marriages, partners are usually only suggested to the single person in question. They can accept or refuse.
Many people in Western cultures disagree with arranged marriages. It is the social norm in the west to form a deep, emotional bond with someone before marriage is even considered. However, recent studies have shown that although arranged marriages start with a low level of love (using the American Rubin Love Scale), they usually have twice the amount of love as non-arranged marriages within 10 years. Whereas in non-arranged marriages the level of love seems to become less as time goes on.
References
Marriage
Types of marriage
Beth Howland

Elizabeth "Beth" Howland (May 28, 1941 - December 31, 2015) was an American actress. She worked on stage, movies and television. She was best known for playing Vera Gorman in the sitcom Alice.
Howland died of lung cancer on December 31, 2015 in Santa Monica, California, at the age of 74.
References
Other websites
Beth Howland profile
1941 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Boston
Nawaf Al-Temyat

Nawaf Al-Temyat (born 28 June 1976) is a former Saudi Arabian football player. He has played for Saudi Arabia national team.
International career statistics
|-
|1997||||
|-
|1998||||
|-
|1999||8||1
|-
|2000||8||4
|-
|2001||5||0
|-
|2002||4||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||0||0
|-
|2006||12||1
|-
!Total||||
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Saudi Arabian footballers
Duke of Cambridge

Duke of Cambridge is one of the current dukedoms in the United Kingdom. Since 2011, it has been held by Prince William, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King Charles III and the late Diana, Princess of Wales. Prince George is the heir to this dukedom.
References
Cambridge
Residences of North Korean leaders

North Korean leaders have over 12 different homes that they can use at any time., according to Kim Jong-il's former bodyguard Lee Young-kuk. Many of the residences were identified on satellite images in the North Korea Uncovered project. Ryongsong Residence is the main home of Kim Jong-un. All homes are kept secret by the government and very few photographs exist.
Related pages
Official residence
North Korean leaders' trains
North Korea Uncovered
List of leaders of North Korea
Blue House - the southern equivalent in the Republic of Korea
References
Other websites
- Project for comprehensive mapping of North Korea
- Detailed satellite pictures of six North Korean leader's residences
North Korea-related lists
North Korean politicians
Commeny

Commeny is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Yuppie

Yuppie (derived from young upwardly-mobile professional or young urban professional) is a type of skilled worker. The word was coined in the early 1980s, originally in the United States, to denote a young white-collar professional working in a city.
Yuppies are generally professionals between 20 to 40 years old, usually from an intermediate living standard between the middle and upper class.
The word first appeared in a May 1980 Chicago magazine article by Dan Rottenberg.
References
Slang
Sumbawa

Sumbawa is an Indonesian island in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain. It has Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba farther to the southeast. It is in the province of West Nusa Tenggara.
Sumbawa is 15,448 km2 (three times the size of Lombok). About 1.5 million people live there. It marks the boundary between the islands to the west, which were influenced by religion and culture spreading from India, and the region to the east that was not so influenced.
Volcanoes
Sumbawa is inside the Pacific Ring of Fire. It is a volcanic island, including Mount Tambora (8deg14'41"S, 117deg59'35"E) which exploded in 1815, the most destructive volcanic eruption in modern history (roughly four times larger than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, between Java and Sumatra, in terms of volume of magma ejected). The eruption killed as many as 92,000. It also apparently destroyed a small culture of Southeast Asian affinity, known to archaeologists as the Tamboran kingdom. It launched 100 cubic kilometers of ash into the upper atmosphere, which caused 1816 to be the "year without a summer."
Islands of Indonesia
Lesser Sunda Islands
Australasia
Andros, Bahamas

Andros Island is an archipelago in the Bahamas. It is the largest of the 26 inhabited Bahamian Islands. The land area of Andros has hundreds of small islets and cays connected by mangrove estuaries and tidal swamp lands. There are three major islands--North Andros, Mangrove Cay, and South Andros. It is 104 miles (167 km) long by at its widest 40 miles (64 km) wide.
The Andros Barrier Reef is the world's third longest after Australia's Great Barrier Reef and the Central American Belize Barrier Reef. The island is home to the world's largest collection of Blue Holes.
Andros is known in the Bahamas by two nicknames, "The Sleeping Giant" and "The Big Yard."
References
Other websites
Islands of the Bahamas
Districts of the Bahamas
Herb Gray

The Right Honourable Herbert Eser "Herb" Gray (May 25, 1931 - April 21, 2014) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was a cabinet minister and served under three prime ministers. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Canada from 1997 until 2002, when Jean Chretien was Prime Minister. He was also Canada's first Jewish federal cabinet minister.
Gray was born in Windsor, Ontario. He was married to Sharon Sholzberg and had two children.
Gray died on April 21, 2014 at a hospital in Ottawa, Ontario, aged 82.
References
Other websites
1931 births
2014 deaths
Canadian Jews
Canadian lawyers
Politicians from Ontario
Disease-related deaths in Canada
Jewish politicians
Order of Canada
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Deputy Prime Ministers of Canada
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Canadian King's Counsel
Čedo Vuković

Cedo Vukovic (28 September 1920 - 7 April 2014) was a Montenegrin writer. He wrote many books for children. Some of them include; "Svemocno oko" (Allmighty Eye), "Letjelica profesora Bistrouma" (Flying Machine of Professor Brightmind) and "Tim Lavlje srce" (Lion-heart Team). Vukovic was born in Dulici, Andrijevica city in north-eastern Montenegro.
Vukovic died in Budva after long-illness on April 7, 2014, aged 93.
References
1920 births
2014 deaths
Montenegrin people
European writers
Tricia (elephant)

Tricia (24 January 1957 - 6 July 2022) was an Asian elephant. She lived at the Perth Zoo in Perth, Western Australia. She lived to be one of the oldest Asian elephants in the world. Tricia was born in Saigon.
Tricia died on 6 July 2022 at the Perth Zoo at the age of 65.
References
1957 births
2022 deaths
Individual elephants
Diana Bolocco

Diana Catalina Bolocco Fonck (born 30 July 1977 in Santiago) is a Chilean journalist and television presenter. She is of Italian and German origin. She is the younger sister of Cecilia Bolocco, Miss Universe 1987.
1977 births
Living people
Chilean journalists
Chilean television presenters
Writers from Santiago
Mike Thompson (California politician)

Charles Michael Thompson (born January 24, 1951) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for (known as the 1st congressional district until 2013) since 1999. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
References
1951 births
Living people
United States representatives from California
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Military people from California
Trevor Colbourn

Harold Trevor Colbourn (24 February 1927 - 13 January 2015) was an Australian professor and academic administrator. He was the second President of the University of Central Florida (formerly named Florida Technological University) from 1978 until 1989.
Colbourn was born in Armidale, New South Wales. He was an Episcopalian. He married Beryl Evans in 1949, and had two daughters.
Colbourn died on 13 January 2015 in Winter Park, Florida, United States, aged 87.
References
1927 births
2015 deaths
Australian academics
Australian Christians
Episcopalians
People from New South Wales
Ali Riahi

Ali Fethi Ben Mohamed Ben Brahim Riahi (, March 30, 1912 Tunis - March 17, 1970), was a Tunisian singer and composer. He is the grandson of Sidi Brahim Riahi.
References
1912 births
1970 deaths
Singers from Tunis
Ray Fox

Raymond Lee Fox, Sr. (May 28, 1916 - June 15, 2014) was an American engine builder, NASCAR car owner and NASCAR engine inspector. His cars won fourteen NASCAR Grand National (now Sprint Cup) events and sixteen pole positions.
He was inducted in many halls of fame, including the International Motorsports Hall of Fame.
Fox died died on June 15, 2014 of pneumonia at Daytona Beach, Florida, aged 98.
References
Further reading
Ray Fox...Sly in the Stock Car Forest (2006); ; Carbon Press
1916 births
2014 deaths
American mechanical engineers
Businesspeople from New Hampshire
Scientists from New Hampshire
Eric Wareheim

Eric Alexander Wareheim (; born April 7, 1976) is an American actor, comedian, writer, director, and musician. He is one half of the comedy duo Tim & Eric, alongside Tim Heidecker. They created the television shows Tom Goes to the Mayor, Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule, Tim and Eric's Bedtime Stories, and Beef House.
He had a constant role on the Netflix series Master of None.
Wareheim was born in Audubon, Pennsylvania.
References
1976 births
Living people
American movie actors
American voice actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television writers
American television producers
Musicians from Pennsylvania
Comedians from Pennsylvania
Writers from Pennsylvania
Actors from Pennsylvania
Roger Donlon

Roger Hugh Charles Donlon (born January 30, 1934) is a former United States Army officer. He is the first person to receive the Medal of Honor in the Vietnam War, as well as the first member of the U.S. Army Special Forces so honored.
References
Other websites
1934 births
Living people
Medal of Honor recipients
Military people from New York (state)
Dodger Stadium

Dodger Stadium is a baseball park in Los Angeles, California. It is the home field of the Major League Baseball team called the Los Angeles Dodgers. It was built in 1962, making it one of the oldest ball parks. (Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts and Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois are older.) It is also the largest baseball park in seating capacity.
Dodger Stadium was constructed from 1959 to 1962 at a cost of $23 million dollars. A neighborhood called Chavez Ravine had to be torn down to build the stadium. The Los Angeles Angels rented from the Dodgers from 1962 through 1965, before moving to Anaheim Stadium. The Angels called the ballpark Chavez Ravine Stadium.
Over five million people have seen a game in Dodger Stadium. The Dodgers have won four World Series while playing in the stadium, in 1963, 1965, 1981 and 1988.
There was talk of tearing down the stadium to build a football stadium, but that did not happen.
References
Los Angeles Dodgers
Major League Baseball venues
Sports buildings in Los Angeles
1962 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in California
FCM Dunărea Galați

Dunarea Galati was a Romanian professional football club from Galati, Galati County, south-east Romania. It was founded in 1970. The club was dissolved in 2014.
References
20th-century establishments in Romania
1970 establishments in Europe
2014 disestablishments in Europe
Romanian football clubs