pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Taro Goto

Taro Goto (born 24 December 1969) is a former Japanese football player.
References
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Amartya Sen

Amartya Kumar Sen (born November 3, 1933) is an Indian economist. Since 1956, he has taught and worked in the United Kingdom and the United States. He worked in welfare economics, social choice theory, economic and social justice, economic theories of famines, and indexes of the measure of well-being of citizens of developing countries.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998 and Bharat Ratna in 1999 for his work in welfare economics. He was also awarded the inaugural Charleston-EFG John Maynard Keynes Prize in recognition of his work on welfare economics in February 2015 during a reception at the Royal Academy in the UK.
References
Further reading
Other websites
Amartya Sen at Harvard University
The Possibility of Social Choice 1998 lecture at NobelPrize.org
Profile and Papers at Research Papers in Economics/RePEc
1933 births
2021 deaths
Indian economists
American philosophers
American economists
British economists
British philosophers
Scientists from New York (state)
Indian Nobel Prize winners
Ambedkarites
Rolling Hills, California

Rolling Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California.
References
Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Artemis program

The Artemis program is an international human space-flight program. The goal is to return humans to the Moon by the year 2025. It will involve the first woman and thirteenth man to land on the moon. It is led by the United States and planned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It will be the first lunar landing since Apollo 17 in 1972, which was the final lunar mission of the Apollo program. The Artemis program began in December 2017. It was created by bringing together many programs that had been started since 2009 by the United States as it tries to return to the moon. As a result of Artemis, the United States hopes that there will always be humans on the moon. One day the program might take humans to Mars and other places in the Solar System. As well as NASA, the Artemis program work is done by companies and other international organisations like European Space Agency.
Flights
Artemis 1 was a flight that landed in December 2022.
Related pages
NASA
Orion (spacecraft)
Space Launch System
References
Other websites
Moon to Mars portal at NASA
Monthly report by the Exploration Systems Development (ESD)
Artemis program
2010s in the United States
2020s in the United States
Conspiracy

A conspiracy is a plan among two or more people to do a particular thing. Usually it is a secret plan, and often for an illegal act.
Types of conspiracies
A cabal is when religious, political, or tribal leaders meet secretly to plan things for their own purposes.
Conspiracy, in civil law, is an agreement between persons to deceive, mislead, or defraud others of their legal rights, or to gain an unfair advantage.
Conspiracy, in criminal law, is an agreement between persons to break the law in the future, in some cases having committed an act to further that agreement, typically treated as a felony.
Conspiracy, in politics, is a plan to overthrow a part or all of a government.
Related pages
Conspiracy theory
Gunpowder Plot
Assassination of Julius Caesar
References
Legal terms
Politics
Dunkirk, Indiana

Dunkirk is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
Cities in Indiana
Masatoshi Kushibiki

is a Japanese football player.
Biography
Kushibiki was born in Aomori on January 29, 1993. After graduating from Aomori Yamada High School, he joined J1 League club Shimizu S-Pulse in 2011. He played many matches from 2013. In 2016, he moved to Kashima Antlers. However there were few opportunities to play. In 2017, he moved to J2 League club Fagiano Okayama. In 2018, he moved to Montedio Yamagata.
In August 2016, Kushibiki was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2016 Summer Olympics. At this tournament, he played 1 match against Nigeria in the first match.
Statistics
|-
|2011||rowspan="5"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="5"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2012||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2013||20||0||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|-
|2014||29||0||4||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|-
|2015||10||0||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||13||0
|-
|2015||J.League U-22||J3 League||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2016||Kashima Antlers||J1 League||0||0||0||0||3||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2017||Fagiano Okayama||J2 League||6||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|2018||rowspan="4"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="4"|J2 League||24||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|-
|2019||42||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||42||0
|-
|2020||19||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
155||0||9||0||15||0||0||0||179||0
155||0||9||0||15||0||0||0||179||0
|}
References
Other websites
1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Aomori Prefecture
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
J.League U-22 Selection players
Kashima Antlers players
Fagiano Okayama players
Montedio Yamagata players
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Rickrolling

Rickrolling is an internet meme that involves playing a trick on someone by tricking them into listening to Rick Astley singing his 1987 song, "Never Gonna Give You Up". It was first seen on 4chan and is called a "bait and switch". A "bait and switch" happens when the prankster gives a website to someone saying that the website address (which is somehow hidden) is about something else. When the victim clicks the link, they see the music video and have been "rickrolled" or "rickroll'd".
As rickrolling has grown in popularity, two of the many videos online have been watched over 13 million times each.
On October 27, 2008, at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Astley himself performed a live rickroll. He came out during the singing of "Best Friends" by the cast of Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends and sang "Never Gonna Give You Up". At the end of the song, one of the characters said "I love rickrolling!"
On February 23, 2010, the most viewed Rickroll video was deleted.
On July 29, 2021, the "Never Gonna Give You Up" YouTube video reached a billion views.
History
Song
Astley recorded "Never Gonna Give You Up" in 1987 on his album Whenever You Need Somebody. This song was his debut single and was a Number One hit for him on many international charts like the Billboard Hot 100, Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and UK Top 40 charts. It was also Astley's first music video which features him performing the song while dancing.
Origin of the term
Rickrolling is said to have begun as a spin-off of an earlier prank called duckrolling, which was when a link was supposed to lead to a picture or news story but would really link to an edited picture of a duck on wheels. The victim was then said to have been duckrolled. The first instance of rickrolling happened in May 2007 on the 4chan video game board, where a link to the video was said to be a copy of the first trailer for Grand Theft Auto IV. The joke was confined to 4chan for a short time.
By May 2008, Rickrolling had become an internet hit or phenomenon and very soon rickrolling was being covered on mainstream media. A poll in April 2008 by SurveyUSA guessed or estimated that at least 18 million American adults had been rickrolled.
April Fools' Day, 2008
On April Fools' Day 2008 and the weeks after, many instances of Rickrolling showed up on the internet, and news media. All of the featured videos on Youtube's main page hyperlinked to the Rickroll. The prank showed up on international YouTube portals before showing up on the main page.
References
Other websites
Video on YouTube
Pranks
Internet memes
Rick Astley
sv:Rick Astley#Rickrolling
Rod Blagojevich

Rod R. Blagojevich (born December 10, 1956) was 40th Governor of Illinois beginning January 13, 2003 and ending January 29, 2009. He succeeded George Ryan, who would also be arrested for non-related charges. Blagojevich was the first Governor of Illinois to be impeached while in office and the first Democratic politician in over 25 years to face such charges. In February 2020, President Donald Trump ended Blagojevich's prison sentence four years earlier.
Early life
Blagojevich was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second of four children. His father, Radislav, was an immigrant steel plant laborer from a village near Kragujevac, Serbia. Blagojevich graduated from Chicago's Foreman High School after transferring from Lane Technical High School. He began boxing at a young age.
Governor of Illinois
During 2002, Blagojevich campaigned for his party's nomination to become governor. Blagojevich won a close primary campaign against former Illinois Attorney General Roland Burris and Chicago Public Schools Superintendent Paul Vallas, who ran well in the suburban collar counties of Chicago. Blagojevich finished strongly in Southern Illinois, winning 55% of the primary vote downstate, enough to win a primary victory by a thin margin.
In the general election, Blagojevich defeated Topinka and the Green Party's Rich Whitney, outspending Topinka $27 million to $6 million. He attempted to tie Topinka to former Republican governor George Ryan's corruption. Blagojevich won re-election.
Arrest and conviction
He was arrested in December 2008 on federal corruption charges, including conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud. Blagojevich was later impeached during January 2009, convicted and removed from office on January 29, 2009. On December 7, 2011, Blagojevich was sentenced to 14 years in federal prison. He is held at Federal Correctional Institution, Englewood in Jefferson County, Colorado.
On May 31, 2018, President Donald Trump, soon after having pardoned commentator Dinesh D'Souza, told reporters that he was considering reducing Blagojevich's sentence (without pardoning him). Trump called Blagojevich's 14-year sentence "unfair", saying that Blagojevich's statements about enriching himself were "stupid", but also the sort of thing "that many other politicians say".
President Donald Trump commuted his sentence on February 18, 2020, ending his sentence four years early.
Personal life
Blagojevich has been married to Patricia Mell Blagojevich. They have two children. His family owns a home in Ravenswood, Chicago, but live in Jefferson County, Colorado because of Blagojevich's prison stay.
References
American fraudsters
American prisoners
American boxers
United States representatives from Illinois
Criminals from Chicago
Governors of Illinois
1956 births
Living people
Lawyers from Chicago
Plane crash

A plane crash is an accident where an airplane crashes. Plane crashes can be minor with nobody getting hurt, or they can be severe and kill many people.
Aviation accidents and incidents
Hylte/Halmstad VBK

Hylte/Halmstad VBK is a volleyball club in Hyltebruk, Sweden. It was established in 1980. The club won the Swedish men's national championship in the years of 1995, 1996 2000, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2013 and 2018. The women's team won the Swedish national championship in 2014.
References
Other websites
Official website
1980 establishments in Sweden
Volleyball clubs in Sweden
Mike Busniuk

Mike Busniuk (born December 13, 1951 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He is the younger brother of Ron Busniuk, who played for the Buffalo Sabres.
Records
Only player in AHL history to be a member of four consecutive Calder Cup championship teams (1976-1979)
Other websites
1951 births
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Philadelphia Flyers players
Living people
American Hockey League players
List of Paramount Pictures movies

List of movies
1910s
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Released
Upcoming
Undated films
References
Other websites
Paramount
American movies by studio
Theresa, New York

Theresa is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 2,905 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Theresa La Ray, the daughter of an original landowner.
References
Towns in New York (state)
Lost Highway (Bon Jovi album)

Lost Highway is the tenth studio album by American hard rock band Bon Jovi and was released on June 19, 2007 through Island and Mercury Records. It topped the album charts in Austria, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United States. It went to number 2 in Australia, New Zealand, Spain and the United Kingdom and number 3 in Argentina, Finland and Hungary.
Track listing
2007 albums
Bon Jovi albums
Mercenasco

Mercenasco is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Oswego County, New York

Oswego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, 117,525 people lived there. The county seat is Oswego.
References
New York (state) counties
Robert Englund

Robert Englund (born June 6, 1949 in Glendale, California) is an American actor. He is most famous for playing Freddy Krueger in the A Nightmare on Elm Street movies.
References
Other websites
Robert Englund's official website
Robert Englund interview with the Horror Asylum
Robert Englund interview by Ladyghost
Robert Englund interview by AOL Canada
Robert Englund interview with The Phantom Zone
1949 births
Living people
American movie actors
A Nightmare on Elm Street
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Glendale, California
Electoral district of Warnbro

Warnbro is an electoral district of Western Australia. It was created in 2008.
Election results
References
Warnbro
Donkey Kong 3

Donkey Kong 3 is an arcade video game made by Nintendo in 1984. It is the third game in the Donkey Kong arcade series. A port was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1986. It was later re-released for the Wii Virtual Console in North America and Europe in 2008 and 2009.
Gameplay
Donkey Kong has taken cover in Stanley's greenhouse. Stanley is a bugman, and must stop insects from destroying his flowers. He does this by killing them with bug spray. The main goal is to shoot Donkey Kong with the bug spray and force him to the top of the vine he is on while killing the insects. When Donkey Kong gets to the top, the player moves on to the next stage. The player can also complete a stage by killing all of the insects, which forces Donkey Kong to the top. At the start of a stage, Stanley can get a special bug spray which allows him to shoot Donkey Kong up at a faster rate. It is on one of Donkey Kong's vines. It is dropped when Donkey Kong reaches the point on the vine where the bug spray is. It only lasts for a certain amount of shots.
Other websites
Donkey Kong 3 at the Killer List of Videogames website
References
1984 video games
Arcade games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Virtual Console games
Donkey Kong
Bajram Begaj

Bajram Begaj (born 20 March 1967) is an Albanian former military officer and politician. He is the 9th President of Albania since 24 July 2022.
Begaj was the 26th Chief of General Staff of the Albanian Armed Forces from July 2020 to June 2022.
He is an independent, but was nominated to the presidency by the Socialist Party as the candidate to the fourth round of the 2022 presidential election. Begaj is the fifth president in the history of Albania to have a military background.
References
1967 births
Living people
Generals
Presidents of Albania
Current national leaders
Ron Hextall

Ronald Jeffrey Hextall (born May 3, 1964 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender most often associated with the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League. He is the grandson of Hall-of-Famer Bryan Hextall, the son of former NHL player Bryan Hextall Jr. and nephew of former NHL player Dennis Hextall.
Awards
Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award - 1986
Named to AHL First All-Star Team - 1986
NHL Rookie of the Month of November - 1986
Vezina Trophy - 1987
Conn Smythe Trophy - 1987
NHL All-Rookie Team - 1987
NHL First All-Star Team - 1987
Inducted into Flyers Hall of Fame - February 6, 2008
Career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
International play
References
Other websites
CBC Digital Archives - Hextall boils over
1964 births
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
New York Islanders players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Quebec Nordiques players
Vezina Trophy winners
International Hockey League (1945-2001) players
Area code 308

Area code 308 is an area code for Nebraska. It was created as a split to area code 402 in 1954. It covers the western portion of the state, while 308 covers the eastern portion. As of now, it is projected to not exhaust until at least 2050.
References
Nebraska
308
1870s

Events
The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell.
The light bulb was invented.
The phonograph is invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison.
Ludwig Boltzmann's statistical definition of thermodynamic entropy
Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) results in the collapse of the Second French Empire and in the formation of both the French Third Republic and the German Empire
Continuing expansion of the British Empire; beginning of the New Imperialism
Bulgaria and Romania declare independence following the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)
In the United States, continuation of post-Civil War reconstruction until its conclusion under President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877
World leaders
Emperor Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary)
Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald (Canada)
Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie (Canada)
Tongzhi Emperor (China)
Guangxu Emperor (China)
Emperor Wilhelm I (German Empire)
Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (German Empire)
King Victor Emmanuel II (Italy)
King Umberto I (Italy)
Emperor Meiji (Japan)
Pope Pius IX
Pope Leo XIII
Emperor Alexander II (Russia)
King Alfonso XII (Spain)
Queen Victoria (United Kingdom)
Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (United Kingdom)
Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli (United Kingdom)
President Ulysses S. Grant (United States)
President Rutherford B. Hayes (United States)
Nasser-al-Din Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)
Antennal lobe

The antennal lobe is the main part of the brain of an insect that controls the olfactory sense. The antennal lobe is a sphere-shaped deutocerebral neuropil in the brain. It receives information from the olfactory sensory neurons in the antennae and mouthparts.
References
Sensory system
Insects
VistaPE

VistaPE is a is a project (set of scripts) for WinBuilder to create a Live CD based on the kernel of Windows Vista.
VistaPE uses technology and is similar to WinPE 2.0 (from Microsoft), but has a graphical interface, more support for devices and functions, and can run almost any Windows program.
Features
Possibility to either fully or partially load VistaPE at startup into memory (boot.wim)
Support for a large number of SATA/RAID/SCSI/NIC drivers
Capable to read and write on NTFS/FAT32/FAT/Ext2/Ext3 partitions
Full networking support
Automatic hardware detection (PnP)
Booting from CD/HDD/UFD/Network
Compatibility with Microsoft Windows Vista
A wide range of programs and shells (Explorer, LiteStep, BS Explorer ...)
No limits regarding the maximum number of open processes
Automatic creation shortcuts for programs
Ability to remove VistaPE boot media while VistaPE is running (using boot.wim)
Full multilanguage support
Other websites
How to create a VistaPE Live CD
Live CD
Perkins County, South Dakota

Perkins County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 2,835 people lived there. Its county seat is Bison. It was created in 1909.
References
1909 establishments in South Dakota
South Dakota counties
Sylvie Faucheux

Sylvie Faucheux (born 29 May 1960 in the 20th arrondissement of Paris) is a French professor and politician. She specialized in the fields of economy of the natural environment and sustainable development. She was President of the Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines from 2002 till the 12 April 2012.
Faucheux graduated from the Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University which she founded in 1995. She managed the Center for economics and ethics environment and sustainable development, which, in 2002, became a joint research unit between UVSQ and the Institut de recherche pour le developpement (IRD) (Institute of Development Research).
Faucheux is a politician as well as an educator. She was a SP candidate at the parliamentary elections for the first district of Yvelines in June 2007.
In December 2002, she was named President of the Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. She was president until 12 April 2012, when Jean-Luc Vayssiere was made president. She is the current head of Universite du grand ouest parisien. Faucheux is a member of the Board of Research and Higher Education in France. She has been a member since 2002. She is responsible for the working group on sustainable development.
Sylvie Faucheux is Chevalier of the Ordre des Palmes Academiques (14 July 2004 promotion), Chevalier of the Ordre national du Merite (14 November 2005 Decret), Chevalier of the Legion of Honour and owner of the Marianne d'Or 2009 for her actions in favor of the sustainable development.
References
Further reading
Sylvie Faucheux, Jean-Francois Noel, Economie des ressources naturelles et de l'environnement, Armand Colin, 1999, 320 p. ()
Sylvie Faucheux, H. Joumni, Economie des changements climatiques, La decouverte - slf, 2005, 128 p. ()
Sylvie Faucheux, Catherine Moulin, T.I.C. et developpement durable, De Boeck, 2010 ()
Who's Who in France 2011, 2010 ()
Who's Who in France 2012, 2011 ()
Living people
1960 births
French politicians
French educators
Presidents of the Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University faculty
Sri Lanka Medical Council

The Sri Lanka Medical Council (SLMC) is a statutory organization that was established in the year 1998. It replaced the former organization named, Ceylon Medical Council. It look after the regulation of the medical profession, medical ethnical practices, standards of education and the safety of medical patients in Sri Lanka.
Notes
1998 establishments in Asia
Medical and health organizations
Organizations based in Sri Lanka
Mainstockheim

Mainstockheim is a municipality in Kitzingen in Bavaria in Germany. It is famous for its choir, the Choir of Mainstockheim.
References
Kitzingen (district)
List of GTV (Philippine TV network) stations

The following is a list of television stations that are affiliated with GTV.
Free-to-air television stations
Related pages
List of Philippine television networks
List of Philippine media companies
References
Philippine television-related lists
Ohzora

is the name of the a Japanese artificial satellite which was put into orbit.
The launch was a project of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the University of Tokyo.
The satellite was sent into orbit on February 14, 1984.
References
Other websites
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ohzora (EXOS-C) mission profile
Japanese space program
Satellites
1980s in spaceflight
Castellazzo Novarese

Castellazzo Novarese is a comune in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Industry, California

Industry is a city in Los Angeles County, California.
Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Amargosa toad

The Amargosa toad (Bufo nelsoni) is a species of toad. They belong to the family Bufonidae. They were once considered a subspecies of the Western toad.
References
(2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517-2535.
Other websites
Nevada Fish & Wildlife Office: Amargosa Toad - website of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Nevada Office
Toads
Frogs of North America
Clipper

A clipper was a very fast sailing ship of the 19th century. The word "clipper" comes from a word meaning: "fast". Clippers had several masts and a square rig. They were quite narrow for their length. Clipper ships were mostly made in British and American shipyards, but France, the Netherlands and other countries also made some. Clippers sailed all over the world, especially on the trade routes between the United Kingdom and its colonies in the east, in trans-Atlantic trade, and the New York-to-San Francisco route round Cape Horn during the California Gold Rush. Dutch clippers were built beginning in 1850s for bringing tea to Europe and taking passengers to and from Java.
Sailing ships
Trade routes
Texas Monthly

Texas Monthly is a monthly magazine that is published in Texas. Texas Monthly was founded in 1973 by Michael R. Levy. Texas Monthly talks about life, music, politics, environment, industry and education in Texas. The magazine has over 300,000 subscribers and is read by 2,500,000 people monthly. The magazine also won ten "National Magazine Awards".
References
. Retrieved Apr. 13, 2005.
Texas Monthly Awards . Retrieved Apr. 13, 2005.
Other websites
TexasMonthly.com--Official site
Texas Monthly Mobile
Texas Monthly Archives at The Wittliff Collections of Southwestern Writers, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX
American weekly magazines
Organizations based in Texas
1973 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Texas
Miklós Ambrus

Miklos Ambrus (31 May 1933 - 3 August 2019) was a Hungarian water polo player. He was born in Eger. He competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics. He won the gold medal at the Olympics.
Ambrus died in Budapest on 3 August 2019 at the age of 86.
References
1933 births
2019 deaths
Hungarian water polo players
Swedish Olympic gold medalists
Hébuterne

Hebuterne is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
G major

G major (or the key of G) is a major scale based on G, with the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E,F, and G. Its key signature has one sharp, F.
Its relative minor is E minor, and its parallel minor is G minor.
Musical keys
Major scales
7.92×57mm Mauser

The 7.92x57mm Mauser, aka 8mm Mauser round is a German bullet first used in the G98 Mauser rifle. Other German rifles chambered (Size of the bullet the gun can take) in 7.92x57mm include weapons such as the K98, MG34, MG42, FG42, G41, and G43.
A variant (Different style) of the 7.92x57mm, the 7.92x33 mm "8mm Kurz", was created as an intermediate cartridge intended to be used in urban warfare, as the German army learned from fighting in cities, mainly in Russia after Operation Barbarossa. The 8mm Kurz was used in the STG44 assault rifle. This round, weapon, and concept was picked up and expanded on by the Russians after the war, and this led up to the development of the 7.62x39mm cartridge used in the SKS45, AK47 (and variants), and the RPD light machine gun.
After World War II, Germany was split into two countries, West Germany and East Germany, and both countries stopped using 8mm Mauser weapons. This was because the alliances they made required them to use the same ammunition for all their weapons as their allies. West Germany would use NATO weapons, and East Germany would use Warsaw Pact weapons.
Pistol and rifle cartridges
Military cartridges
Arsène Lupin

Arsene Lupin is a French fictional character who appears in a book series of crime fiction novels written by French writer Maurice Leblanc, as well as a number of sequels and movie, television, stage play and comic book adaptations.
He made his debut in July 1905 in his first series, L'Arrestation d'Arsene Lupin (). The adventure of this bold thief earns a controversial reputation -- the rage or fury of police officers who keep missing him on the scene of robbery, and even in the jail, and the admiration from citizens who love to check up on the newspapers to see if there's any article about his great robberies. Lupin is portrayed as patriotic, romantic, audacious, self-respecting, and respectful to women.
Backstory
Lupin was born in 1874. His father was a gymnastics teacher and taught him boxing and fencing which later became Lupin's attacking specialties. He was raised by a nanny Victoire, and their relationship lasted until the end of the series. His parents got divorced, and his mother started working for a relative who is fairly arrogant. In the house of the relative, Lupin robs a necklace as revenge. Until eighteen, he had been learning law, medicine, acting, and martial arts. His journey as a thief starts at age eighteen.
In addition to his real name, he likes using several fake names, such as Sernine and Perenna. They have different jobs, which vary from famous traveller to retired general. He sometimes disguises himself as a detective, and solves lots of mysterious incidents, and becomes famous. He usually buys a kind of identification card from an unknown and recently dead man, and uses his name.
The ending of his life is not clear, because the author, Maurice Leblanc, was dead in 1941 before completing Le Dernier Amour d'Arsene Lupin (), the 21st volume of the series. Leblanc was presented the French Legion of Honour award for inspiring the patriotism and pride of French people by his Lupin series. He bought a house in Etretat and named it Le Clos Lupin (the vacation of lupin), which is still famous as a tourist attraction.
Other websites
The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsene Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar Public Domain Audio Book
Arsene Lupin at Cool French Comics
Free Arsene Lupin eBooks by Project Gutenberg
Arsene Lupin timeline by A.-F. Ruaud (English version)
Fictional characters
Tony Soprano

Anthony John "Tony" Soprano is an Italian-American fictional character on The Sopranos. He is a troubled crime boss struggling to balance his family life and career in the Mafia. Soprano is also a crime boss for many criminal organizations. He was played by James Gandolfini. Soprano was born in Newark, New Jersey. Gandolfini's performance as Soprano made him famous. Entertainment Weekly listed him as the 42nd Greatest TV Icon of All Time.
References
Fictional American people
Fictional criminals
Fictional people with antisocial personality disorder
People from New Jersey
Television characters
Ruby Versfeld

Ruby Versfeld (born 17 September 1996) is a South African water polo player. She competed for the South Africa women's national water polo team in the 2015 World Aquatics Championships.
She played for California State University, Bakersfield's women's water polo team and the University of St Andrews' women's water polo team. On 11 September 2020, she was inaugurated into The Jolly Boys as an Honorary Member.
References
1996 births
Living people
South African water polo players
Mikel Arteta

Mikel Arteta (born 26 March 1982) is a Spanish professional football manager and former player. He is currently the manager of Premier League club Arsenal.
He first signed for Everton on loan from Spanish side Real Sociedad in 2005, but after many good performances manager David Moyes made this move permanent.
Despite being rated one of the best midfielders in English football, Arteta has never played for Spain.
On 12 March 2020, it was announced that Arteta had tested positive for COVID-19 amid its pandemic in the UK.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||0||0||||||||||||||0||0
|-
|2000/01||0||0||||||||||||||0||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Paris Saint-Germain||rowspan="2"|Division 1||6||1||||||||||||||6||1
|-
|2001/02||25||1||||||||||||||25||1
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Rangers||rowspan="2"|Premier League||27||4||||||||||||||27||4
|-
|2003/04||23||8||||||||||||||23||8
|-
|2004/05||Real Sociedad||La Liga||15||1||||||||||||||15||1
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Everton||rowspan="6"|Premier League||12||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2005/06||29||1||4||1||1||0||3||0||37||2
|-
|2006/07||35||9||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||39||9
|-
|2007/08||28||1||0||0||2||0||7||3||37||4
|-
|2008/09||26||5||3||1||0||0||2||0||31||6
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
15||1||||||||||||||15||1
31||2||||||||||||||31||2
50||12||||||||||||||50||12
130||17||9||2||6||0||12||3||157||22
226||32||9||2||6||0||12||3||253||37
|}
References
Mikel Arteta MySpace
Profile at evertonfc.com
Profile at Yahoo! Sports
Profile at 4thegame.com
Photos and stats at sporting-heroes.net
1982 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
People from San Sebastian
Khumanlol

Khumanlol (), also spelt as Khumanlon (), is a chronicle (puya) of the genealogy of the rulers of the Khuman dynasty, which flourished as an independent principality in the south of Ancient Manipur, and later absorbed into the Meitei ethnicity in the fourteenth century AD.
It is categorized as one of the historical documents of the ethnic groups settling in Manipur since seventh century AD.
Related pages
Ningthourol Lambuba
Sources
References
Puya
History of India
Fife

Fife is a county on the north coast of the Firth of Forth, Scotland. The county town is Glenrothes.
For local government, the county is a council area too.
The towns in Fife are:
Buckhaven
Kirkcaldy
St Andrews
Dunfermline
High Vallyfield
Dalgety Bay
Kelty
Hillend
Dairsie
Methil
Leven
Auchtertool
Auchtermuchty
Falkland
Cowdenbeath
Cardenden
Cupar
Issey Miyake

was a Japanese fashion designer. He was known for his technology-inspired clothing designs and fragrances. His best known product was L'eau d'Issey. Miyake was born in Hiroshima, Japan.
Miyake died on 5 August 2022 from liver cancer in Tokyo, Japan at the age of 84.
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
Japanese businesspeople
Japanese fashion designers
People from Hiroshima
Lily Collins

Lily Jane Collins (born 18 March 1989) is an English actress and model. She played Collins Tuohy in The Blind Side. She also played Rosie Dunne in Love, Rosie in 2014.
Collins was born in Surrey, England. She is the daughter of drummer Phil Collins.
References
English television actors
English movie actors
1989 births
Living people
Merchant vessel

A merchant vessel or trading vessel is a boat or ship that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire. This does not include pleasure craft that do not carry passengers for hire. Warships are also not considered to be merchant ships.
Types
They come in large number of sizes and shapes. They range from twenty-foot inflatable dive boats in Hawaii, to 5,000 passenger casino vessels on the Mississippi River. They include tugboats working in New York Harbor, to 1,000 foot oil tankers and container ships.
Some of the more common types are:
Bulk carriers - These carry items such as ore, grain, cement and other kinds of bulk cargo. This type makes up 40% of the world's merchant fleets.
Container ships - They are ocean-going ships that carry goods in large containers. They did not come into use until the 1960s, but are now the standard form of shipping manufactured goods worldwide.
Passenger ships - Are either pleasure (such as a cruise ships) or carry passengers on regular scheduled routes (such as a ferry).
Tanker - Ships that carry bulk liquid cargo such as oil, liquefied natural gas, and chemicals are called tankers.
Fishing vessel - Catch and often process fish for food.
Offshore Vessels - Are used to transport people, goods and supplies to offshore oil platforms.
Fleets
Most countries of the world operate fleets of merchant ships. However, due to the high costs of operations, today these fleets are in many cases sailing under the flags of other nations. These are countries that specialize in providing manpower and services at very good terms. Such flags are known as "flags of convenience". Currently, Liberia and Panama are two of the most popular flags of convenience. Ownership of the vessels can be by any country, however.
Today, Japan and Greece are two of the largest merchant fleets by capacity. In 2014, the two countries shipped about 30% of the world's tonnage. However, China is now the nation that owns the most merchant ships.
During wars, merchant ships may be used as auxiliaries to the navies of their respective countries. They are called on to deliver military personnel and material.
Definitions
The term "commercial vessel" is defined by the United States Coast Guard as "any vessel (i.e. boat or ship) engaged in commercial trade or that carries passengers for hire".
In English, "Merchant Navy" is usually used to refer to the British Merchant Navy.
The United States merchant fleet is known as the United States Merchant Marine.
References
Ships
Infinity Ward

Infinity Ward, Inc. is an American video game developer. They made the video game Call of Duty. They also made 7 other Call of Duty games. Vince Zampella, Grant Collier, and Jason West made Infinity Ward in 2002. All of the 22 original team members of Infinity Ward came from the team that had worked on Medal of Honor: Allied Assault. Activision gave Infinity Ward money when it was made. They bought 30 percent of the company. The studio's first game, World War II shooter Call of Duty, was released on the PC in 2003. The day after the game was released, Activision bought the rest of Infinity Ward. Infinity Ward made Call of Duty 2, Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, Call of Duty: Ghosts, Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare, the Modern Warfare reboot, and its sequel.
References
American video game companies
Saint-Martin-de-Bossenay

Saint-Martin-de-Bossenay is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
References
Communes in Aube
The Amati Girls

The Amati Girls is a 2001 American drama movie directed by Anne De Salvo and starring Cloris Leachman, Mercedes Ruehl, Paul Sorvino, Mark Harmon, Sean Young, Dinah Manoff, Lee Grant, Sal Viscuso, Jay Acovone, Sam McMurray, Mary Winston, Robert Picardo.
Other websites
2001 drama movies
American drama movies
American independent movies
Movies set in Philadelphia
Kelantan

Kelantan is a state in Malaysia on the northeast part of Peninsular Malaysia. The capital city of Kelantan is Kota Baru.
References
Other websites
States of Malaysia
Egg of Columbus

Egg of Columbus is an expression that means an unexpectedly easy way out of a difficult situation.
According to legend, when Christopher Columbus told Cardinal Mendoza about how he discovered land west of the Atlantic ocean, one of the people with them said, "What could be easier than to discover a new land?" To which Columbus offered him a simple task: to put the egg on the table and make it balance on its end. When none of the other people could do it, Columbus took the egg, smashed it from one end, and placed it on the table, showing that it was actually very simple. Seeing this, everyone began to object, saying that they could do the same. To which Columbus replied, "The difference, gentlemen, is that you could do it, when I did."
History
Historians are not sure if Columbus really did this in real life. They think it is likely that people made the story up many years later.
Girolamo Benzoni wrote about this story in Historia del Mondo Nuovo in 1565. Historians think Benzoni might have been the first person to tell the story, but they are not sure.
One reason they think so is that almost the exact same story showed up in another book, by painter Giorgio Vasari in 1550. In Vasari's book, it was the builder Filippo Brunelleschi who flattened the egg. This was to explain how he built the heavy done for the Santa Maria del Fiore church.
Uses
In English, people use term "egg of Columbus" to describe puzzles.
Writers Mary Shelley, Leo Tolstoy and others have mentioned the story of Columbus and the egg in their books.
References
Legends
Raye Montague

Raye Jean Montague (nee Jordan; January 21, 1935 - October 10, 2018) was an American naval engineer. She was known for creating the first computer-generated rough draft of a U.S. naval ship. She was the first female program manager of ships in the United States Navy.
References
1935 births
2018 deaths
Military people from Arkansas
American engineers
Scientists from Little Rock, Arkansas
Marine engineers
Levaré

Levare is a commune of 358 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
Irene Natividad

Irene Natividad works on helping women around the world.
Early life
Natividad was born in 1948 in the Philippines. In Natividad's early life, she and her family spent a lot of time moving. She traveled to Japan, Iran, Greece, and India and learned many languages, including Spanish, French, Tagalong, Farsi, Italian and Greek. By traveling, she saw how women were treated all over. Her mother never had a job because she was not allowed to work. Her mother told her to become a great student so she could get a job, unlike her.
Education
Natividad went to many different schools as a child. The schools were all around the world. Her high school was in Greece. She went to Long Island University after high school. Then she went to Columbia University. She was given two degrees there. The degrees were for Philosophy and American Literature. Natividad also went to Marymount College
Career
Natividad led the National Women's Political Caucus. She often writes and talks about her opinion on many topics. In 1992 she became leader of the Global Forum for Women. The Global Forum for Women comes up with ideas to try and help issues with women. She joined other people to start Project Vote Smart. They try to get more votes for education. She became the chair of the Women's Votes '96.
Awards
Asian American Quarterly (1994): "Power Brokers: The 25 Most Influential People in Asian America"
Campaigns and Elections Magazine (1993) "Seventy-four Women Who Are Changing American Politics"
The National Conference for College Women Student Leaders (1989) "Women of Distinction Award"
Ladies' Home Journal (1989) "100 Most Powerful Women in America"
Women's Funding Coalition (1987) "Innovator for Women$hare Award"
Americans by Choice (1986) "Honored Americans Award"
Women's Congressional Caucus (1985) "Women Making History Award
Personal life
Natividad now lives in Washington DC. She is married to Andres Cortese. They have one son. His name is Carlo Natividad-Cortese.
References
1948 births
Living people
Women's rights activists
American activists
Amayuelas de Arriba

Amayuelas de Arriba is a municipality in Palencia province in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Sources
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Palencia
Slacker (movie)

Slacker is a 1990 American comedy-drama movie directed by Richard Linklater (who also stars) and also starring Lee Daniel, Teresa Taylor, Abra Moore, Louis Black, Kim Krizan, Louis Mackey. It was distributed by Orion Pictures.
Other websites
1990 comedy-drama movies
American independent movies
Movies set in Texas
Movies directed by Richard Linklater
Movies about social issues
Figline Valdarno

Figline Valdarno was a comune in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region of Tuscany. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Figline Valdarno and Incisa in Val d'Arno merged to form the new municipality of Figline e Incisa Valdarno.
Former municipalities of Tuscany
Fluminense FC

Fluminense Football Club () or Fluminense, is a football club in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based in the neighbourhood of Laranjeiras since its foundation, in 1902, making it the oldest football club of Rio de Janeiro.
Current Squad
Notable Players
Ademir Menezes
Assis
Branco
Carlos Alberto Torres
Castilho
Conca
Delei
Denilson
Didi
Edinho
Felix
Flavio
Gerson
Henry Welfare
Lula
Manfrini
Marco Antonio
Marcos Carneiro de Mendonca
Orlando
Oswaldo Gomes
Paulo Cesar Caju
Pintinho
Preguinho
Renato Gaucho
Ricardo Gomes
Rivelino
Romerito
Romeu
Samarone
Tele
Thiago Silva
Tim
Valdo
Washington
Trophies
International
Copa Rio Internacional: 1
1952
Olympic Cup: 1
1949
National
Serie A: 4
1970, 1984, 2010,2012
Brazil Cup: 1
2007
Campeonato Brasileiro Serie C: 1
1999
Regional
Torneio Rio-Sao Paulo: 2
1957, 1960
Taca Ioduran: 1
1919
Zona Sul da Taca Brasil: 1
1960
State
Campeonato Carioca: 31
1906/1907/1908/1909, 1911, 1917/1918/1919, 1924, 1936/1937/1938, 1940/1941, 1946, 1951, 1959, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975/1976, 1980, 1983/1984/1985, 1995, 2002, 2005, 2012
Taca Guanabara: 8
1966, 1969, 1971, 1975, 1983, 1985, 1991, 1993, 2012
Taca Rio: 2
1990, 2005
Torneio Inicio: 9
1916, 1924, 1925, 1940/1941, 1943, 1954, 1956, 1965
Other websites
Official Website
Best Attendances
Ranking Carioca League
Matches 1902/2005
Canal Fluminense - Fluminense's Daily News
Torcida Tricolor
References
Football clubs in Rio de Janeiro
1902 establishments
1900s establishments in Brazil
Mohamed Refaat El-Saeed

Mohammed Refaat El-Saeed ( Muhammad Rifa`atu s-Sa`id, 11 October 1932 - 17 August 2017) was an Egyptian politician, scholar and writer. He served as the general secretary of the National Progressive Unionist Party (Tagammu). El-Saeed held two doctorates in history, and was a part-time lecturer at the American University in Cairo. El-Saeed was a frequent contributor to al-Ahali, the Tagammu party organ.
El-Saeed died on 17 August 2017 at the age of 84.
References
1932 births
2017 deaths
Egyptian politicians
Egyptian scientists
Egyptian writers
André-Louis Debierne

Andre-Louis Debierne (14 July 1874 - 31 August 1949) was a French chemist. He is considered the discoverer of the element actinium.
French chemists
1874 births
1949 deaths
La Petite-Pierre

La Petite-Pierre is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Llanito

Llanito or Yanito (pronounced ) is a form of Spanish heavily mixed with words from English and other languages, such as Ligurian; it is spoken at Gibraltar.
References
Spanish language
Gibraltar
Wrongful life

Wrongful life is a legal action in which someone is sued for not stopping the birth of a severely disabled child. In this type of lawsuit a child and the parents will sue a doctor or a hospital. The doctor or hospital is sued for not giving information about the disability during the pregnancy. The doctor or hospital may have not provided all the information on a genetic case before the pregnancy. The parents argue that if the mother had known this information, she would have had an abortion, or chosen not to become pregnant at all.
In the past, only parents could sue for their own damages the occurred as a result of the birth of a disabled child (e.g., the mother's own pregnancy medical bills and cost of psychiatric treatment for both parents' emotional distress resulting from becoming aware that their child was disabled). This cause of action is known as wrongful birth. But the child could not sue for his or her own damages, which were often much more in terms of money and harm.
In four U.S. states, the child is allowed to start a wrongful life cause of action for damages. In 1982, the Supreme Court of California was the first state supreme court to permit the child's right to sue for wrongful life, but in the same decision, limited the child's recovery to special damages.
Most other jurisdictions, including England and Ontario, have not allowed the wrongful life cause of action.
Related pages
Wrongful birth
Wrongful abortion
Bioethics
References
Further reading
Appel, Jacob M. Physicians, Wrongful Life and the Constitution, Medicine & Health, Rhode Island Volume 87, Number 2. February 2004. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
Other websites
Sydney Morning Herald article from May 2004
Article on wrongful life in the Cornell Law Review.
Abortion
Law
Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton

Augustus Henry FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, KG, PC (1 October 1735 - 14 March 1811) was a British Whig statesman. He was one of a handful of dukes who were Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Education
He studied at Westminster School and then got a degree from Peterhouse College in Cambridge.
Titles from birth to death
Mr. Augustus FitzRoy (1735-1747)
Earl of Euston (1747-1756)
Earl of Euston, MP (1756-1757)
His Grace The Duke of Grafton (1757-1765)
His Grace The Duke of Grafton, PC (1765-1769)
His Grace The Duke of Grafton, KG, PC (1769-1811)
References
1735 births
1811 deaths
English Dukes
Knights of the Garter
Politicians from Suffolk
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom