pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Substitute good

In economics two or more goods can be classified by looking at the demand curve when the price of one of these goods changes. That way they will either be classified as substitutes or complementary goods. Two goods are substitutes if the demand of one good increases and the price of the other good increases. In this case, consumers will replace one good with the other.
Classic examples of substitute goods include margarine and butter, or tea and coffee. Substitute goods not only occur on the consumer side of the market but also the producer side. Substitutable producer goods would include: petroleum and natural gas (used for heating or electricity). The fact that one good is substitutable for another has immediate economic consequences: insofar as one good can be substituted for another, the demand for the two kinds of good will be bound together by the fact that customers can trade off one good for the other if they get an advantage by to do so.
Perfect substitutes can replace each other, without trade-off in costs, or quality. For imperfect substitutes, the customer has to make a trade-off, either in price, or in quality. Artificial leather is much cheaper than real leather, and can replace it in many situations - artificial and real leather are substitute goods. Real leather is much more durable, and has a different look and feel. When these factors are important, the two are not interchangeable. For this reason artificial and real leather are imperfect substitutes.
Microeconomics
Goods
Erlon

Erlon is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Marko Feingold

Marko M. Feingold (28 May 1913 - 19 September 2019) was an Austrian Holocaust survivor and centenarian. He was the president of the Jewish community in Salzburg. He was also in charge of Salzburg's synagogue. At years of age, he was the oldest living Austrian Holocaust survivor. He was imprisoned at the concentration camps Auschwitz, Neuengamme, Dachau and Buchenwald during the Holocaust.
Feingold was born in Besztercebanya/Neusohl, Austria-Hungary (now Banska Bystrica, Slovakia). He grew up in Leopoldstadt, Vienna.
References
1913 births
2019 deaths
Austrian Jews
Centenarians
Holocaust survivors
People from Salzburg
People from Vienna
Kelly Gallagher

Kelly Gallagher (born 24 April 1987) is a skier from Northern Ireland. She has a disability: she cannot see everything. She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships. She was the second skier to finish in the women's visually impaired slalom race. She was the third skier to finish in the women's slalom race. Because she cannot see, Charlotte Evans was her guide and told her where to go when going down the mountain.
References
1987 births
Living people
Competitors at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Northern Irish sportspeople
Skiers
Schriever, Louisiana

Schriever is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Census-designated places in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana
Snot (band)

Snot is an American hardcore punk band from Santa Barbara, California.
Snot was formed in 1995 by lead singer Lynn Strait and guitarist Mike Doling. The band then signed with Geffen Records and worked on their debut album Get Some which was released on May 27, 1997. Snot performed on the Ozzfest 1998 tour. Lead singer Lynn Strait was arrested for indecent exposure in Mansfield, Massachusetts on July 9, 1998 after he was dared by singer Fred Durst to exit nude from the oversized toilet prop that was used by Limp Bizkit in their performances. Strait along with his boxer and band mascot Dobbs died in a six-car crash on December 11, 1998 after a pickup truck struck his car.
The band would then disband after his death. The band would reunite and disband many times afterwards. Their latest reunion was on February 11, 2014 at the Whisky a Go Go in Hollywood.
Band members
Original
Lynn Strait -- Vocals (1995-1998) (+)
Mike Doling - Guitar (1995-1998, 2008-2011)
Sonny Mayo - drums (1995-1998, 2008-2009)
John Fahnestock - Bass (1995-1998, 2008-2011)
Jamie Miller - Drums (1996-1998, 2008-2011)
Others
James Fed Carrol - drums (1995-1996)
Shannon Larkin - drums (1998)
Mike Smith - guitar (1998)
Tommy Vext - vocals (2008-2009)
Brandon Espinoza - vocals (2009-2010)
Discography
Albums
Get Some (1997)
Strait Up (2000)
Alive! (2002)
References
1995 establishments in California
1998 disestablishments in the United States
American heavy metal bands
Hardcore punk
Musical groups from California
Santa Barbara, California
1990s disestablishments in California
Cartigny-l'Épinay

Cartigny-l'Epinay is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Lilian Hedges

Lilian Hedges (born 3 January 1994 in Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian water polo player. She was part of the Australian team at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, 2017 FINA World League Intercontinental Cup, and 2019 FINA World League Intercontinental Cup.
She played for University of Western Australia.
References
Other websites
lilian-hedges swimswam
2015 World_League todor
lilian-hedges, fremantlewaterpolo.com.au
1994 births
Living people
Australian water polo players
Aaron Ramsey

Aaron James Ramsey (born 26 December 1990) is a Welsh footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Juventus and the Wales national football team.
Career statistics
Honours
Club
Cardiff City
Runner-up:
FA Cup 2007-08
Arsenal
Winner:
FA Cup: 2013-14
Runner-up:
Football League Cup: 2010-11
Individual
Welsh Young Player of the Year (2): 2009, 2010
Arsenal Player of the Month (5): May 2013, August 2013, September 2013, October 2013 November 2013
Barclays Player of the Month: September 2013
London Player of the Year: 2014
FA Cup Final Man of the Match: 2014
Arsenal Player of the Season: 2013/2014
References
Other websites
Aaron Ramsey profile at Arsenal F.C.
Aaron Ramsey profile at Goal.com
1990 births
Living people
Welsh footballers
Anatoliy Zlenko

Anatoliy Maksymovych Zlenko (June 2, 1938 - March 1, 2021) was a Ukrainian politician. He was Ukraine's first Foreign Minister. from 1990 to 1994 and again from 2000 to 2003. Zlenko was the Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations from 1994 to 1997. He was born in Stavyshche, Kyiv Oblast.
Zlenko died on March 1, 2021 in Kyiv, Ukraine at the age of 82.
References
1938 births
2021 deaths
Ukrainian politicians
Ambassadors to the United Nations
Ukrainian diplomats
Lan Tianye

Lan Tianye (; 3 May 1927 - 8 June 2022) was a Chinese actor and painter. He was known for his role as Jiang Ziya in the television series The Investiture of the Gods.
Lan died on 8 June 2022 at the age of 95.
References
1927 births
2022 deaths
Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Chinese painters
Can-Am Duel

The Can-Am Duel is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series preliminary event before to the Daytona 500 held annually in February at Daytona International Speedway, It consists of two races, held on Thursday, determine the starting lineup for the Daytona 500 on Sunday.
Qualifying for the Daytona 500 is unique in NASCAR, Only the two front row starters (the pole position and the outside pole) are determined by the ordinary qualifying process of timed laps, After the top two positions are locked in, the rest of the starting grid is set in the finishing order in both races, Drivers participate in one of the two races, Half the field entering the Daytona 500 races in the first race, and the other half the second, The finishing order of the first race fills the odd positions in the starting grid (inside of each row), and the finishing order for the second race fills the even positions of the starting grid (outside of each row).
References
Related pages
Daytona 500
Advance Auto Parts Clash
Coke Zero Sugar 400
1959 establishments in Florida
NASCAR races
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races
1959 in sports
February events
Pargny-Filain

Pargny-Filain is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Columbus City, Iowa

Columbus City is a city in Iowa in the United States.
References
Cities in Iowa
Kortemark

Kortemark is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 12060 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 01 North, 03deg 02 East.
References
Municipalities of West Flanders
Ancestor

An ancestor is a person (or another organism or thing) from whom (or which) another is descended. Usually, it refers to a person far in the past, rather than the parents or grandparents in the close family. A very similar word is forebear. A female ancestor may be called an ancestress. The line of ancestors from which an organism descends is referred to as its ancestry.
A second meaning relates to evolution. There, it is used of a species or group of species of animals or plants from which others have evolved. In a similar way, the word ancestor can be used for an early prototype or forerunner of a later device.
In law an ancestor can mean the person from whom an estate is lawfully obtained. No blood relationship is necessarily implied. More commonly, however, it is the person from whom an estate is obtained based on law and blood.
Two people have a genetic relationship if one is the ancestor of the other, or if they share a common ancestor. Each of someone's ancestors will have contributed to their DNA. In evolution, species that have evolved from the same ancestor are said to be of common descent. However, this concept of ancestry does not apply to some bacteria and other organisms capable of horizontal gene transfer. DNA testing is used in determining ancestry. This can be for paternity testing, to determine the parents of a child for legal purposes. DNA is also used to better understand the ancestry and history of all humans over the last 50,000 years. This was one of the benefits of the Human genome project.
In some cultures ancestors may have relatively little importance. Many today have no knowledge of their own great-great-grandparents. China is an example of a culture that in general has a deep respect for ancestors. Korea is an example of a culture that engages in ancestor worship where ancestors are revered. But genealogy (the study of one's ancestors) is growing in popularity and includes both amateur and professional genealogists.
Related pages
Ethnicity
Kinship
Generation
Human Genome Project
References
Family
Last Train to Clarksville

"Last Train to Clarksville" is a debut single from The Monkees and is the leading single from their debut studio album The Monkees. It went to number 1 in the United States and Canada, number 23 in the United Kingdom, number 16 in South Africa, number 6 in New Zealand, number 10 in Finland, number 5 in Ireland and number 14 in Australia. It was featured seven times to the television program The Monkees.
References
1966 songs
Debut singles
The Monkees songs
Ed Bruce songs
Country rock songs
Folk rock songs
Jangle pop songs
Himmelried

Himmelried is a municipality of the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Floyd County, Iowa

Floyd County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,627. The county seat is Charles City.
References
1851 establishments in Iowa
Iowa counties
Distribution

Distribution is the action of sharing something out among a number of recipients.
The word distribution has several usages:
Mathematics
In mathematics a distribution is a generalization of a function to be able to model certain systems, inspired by physics, see distribution (mathematics).
Probability theory and statistics
In Probability theory, it refers to the way a certain number of samples can be assigned to different categories, see Frequency distribution.
In Statistics, it refers to the probability that a random variable has a certain value, or falls inside a given interval, see Probability distribution. This is the theoretical counterpart behind frequency distributions.
Economics
In Economics, it talks about getting a product from the producer to the client. See distribution (economics).
This incudes things like movies and video games
Computer science
In Computer science, it may refer to the practice of allocating a number of tasks to different machines, scattered over a network. See distributed computing.
Computing
With Software, a distribution is something that puts different applications in the same package. See Linux distribution for an example.
Biology
The study of the distribution of living things on the Earth is called biogeography.
Power system
In power system, the process of delivering electricity to customer is called Electric power distribution.
Basic English 850 words
Movie distribution
Morrinsville

Morrinsville is a provincial town in the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island, with a population of 7,000 in the 2013 Census The town is located at the northern base of the Pakaroa Range, and on the south-western fringe of the Hauraki Plains. Morrinsville is around 33 kilometres east of Hamilton.
References
Towns in New Zealand
Matamata-Piako District
Evros

Evros is one of 51 prefectures of Greece. The capital of Evros is Alexandroupoli.
References
Prefectures of Greece
Anne Sylvestre

Anne Sylvestre (, born Anne-Marie Beugras 20 June 1934 - 30 November 2020) was a French singer-songwriter and guitarist. She was born in Lyon, France. She was known for her children's songs such as "Fabulettes" (1962). She also appeared many times as a musical guest on the television program Discorama.
Sylvestre died in Paris on 30 November 2020 from problems caused by a stroke, aged 86.
References
1934 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from stroke
French singers
French songwriters
French guitarists
People from Lyon
Hey Nineteen

"Hey Nineteen" is a 1980 song by Steely Dan. It is from their seventh studio album Gaucho. It went to number 3 in Canada, number 10 in the United States, number 20 in New Zealand and number 48 in Australia.
References
1980 songs
Steely Dan songs
Soft rock songs
Nancy E. Dick

Nancy E. Dick (born July 22, 1930) is an American politician. She was the 41st Lieutenant Governor of Colorado. from 1979 to 1987 while Governor Richard Lamm. She was Colorado's first female lieutenant governor. She is a Democrat.
References
1930 births
Lieutenant Governors of Colorado
Living people
Politicians from Detroit
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Ewerthon

Ewerthon (born 10 June 1981) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Palmeiras.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Corinthians Paulista||rowspan="3"|Serie A||4||0
|-
|2000||11||3
|-
|2001||5||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||27||10
|-
|2002/03||33||11
|-
|2003/04||31||16
|-
|2004/05||28||10
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="2"|La Liga||37||12
|-
|2006/07||28||6
|-
|2007/08||Stuttgart||Bundesliga||11||1
|-
|2007/08||Espanyol Barcelona||La Liga||8||1
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Real Zaragoza||Segunda Division||36||28
|-
|2009/10||La Liga||10||2
|-
|2010||Palmeiras||Serie A||||
20||3
130||48
119||49
269||100
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2001||3||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
!Total||6||0
|}
References
1981 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Ifeanyi Okowa

Ifeanyi Okowa is the current executive governor of Delta State and the vice-presidential candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party in the 2023 general election in Nigeria.
Nigerian politicians
People from Delta State
1959 births
Nigerian physicians
List of peaks named Bear Mountain

United States
According to the USGS GNIS, the United States has 144 peaks named Bear Mountain:
Alaska
See Bear Mountain (Alaska) for 10 peaks in Alaska.
California
See Bear Mountain (California) for 14 peaks in California.
Colorado
See Bear Mountain (Colorado) for 10 peaks in Colorado.
Maine
See Bear Mountain (Maine) for 11 peaks in Maine.
New York
See Bear Mountain (New York) for 11 peaks in New York.
Washington
See Bear Mountain (Washington) for 9 peaks in Washington.
Other states
Other states with at least one peak named Bear Mountain are: Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Vermont and Wyoming.
Mountains of the United States
mountains
Swindon

Swindon is a large town in the Borough of Swindon in the county of Wiltshire, South West England. It is the largest settlement in Wiltshire. About 234,000 people live there. It is 81 miles west of London, 40 miles west of Reading, Berkshire, and 40 miles east of Bristol.
References
Other websites
Borough Council site
BIGBANG 2

BIGBANG 2 is the third Japanese album of South Korean boy band, Big Bang. It was released on May 11, 2011 and this album had 3 singles to date: Let Me Hear Your Voice, Tell Me Goodbye, and Beautiful Hangover.
Track listing
References
2011 albums
American Samoa's at-large congressional district

American Samoa's at-large congressional district is a congressional district of the United States. It covers all of American Samoa. It elects a non-voting delegate.
Election results
References
At-large United States congressional districts
Uezwil

Uezwil is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Aargau
Imperial Court in Kyoto

Imperial Court in Kyoto was the government of Japan from 794 AD until the Meiji Era, in which the court was moved to Tokyo. It was moved by Empress Gemma.
Since Minamoto no Yoritomo started the shogunate, the true power had been in the hand of the Shoguns, who were mistaken several times for the Emperors of Japan by the Chinese government.
History of Japan
Buildings and structures in Kyoto Prefecture
Kyoto
8th-century establishments in Japan
1860s disestablishments in Japan
794 establishments
Euclidean algorithm

The Euclidean algorithm is an algorithm. It can be used to find the biggest number that divides two other numbers (the greatest common divisor of two numbers).
What the algorithm looks like in words
Euclid solved the problem graphically. He said
If you have two distances, AB and CD, and you always take away the smaller from the bigger, you will end up with a distance that measures both of them.
The algorithm as an enumerated list
Start out with two positive integers m and n.
If the value of m is less than the value of n, switch the values of m and n
Find a number r equal to m modulo n
Let m have the same value as n
Let n have the same value as r
If n does not have the value of 0, go to step 2
The wanted value is in m.
The algorithm in pseudocode
Note: This pseudocode uses modular arithmetic instead of subtraction. It does the same thing as above, but gets the answer faster.
Precondition: two positive integers m and n
Postcondition: the greatest common integer divisor of m and n
if m < n, swap(m,n)
while n does not equal 0
r = m mod n
m = n
n = r
endwhile
output m
C/C++ source code
Iterative (Non-recursive):
int euclid_gcd(int m, int n)
{
int temp = 0;
if(m < n)
{
temp = m;
m = n;
n = temp;
}
while(n != 0)
{
temp = m % n;
m = n;
n = temp;
}
return m;
}
Recursive:
int euclid_gcd_recur(int m, int n)
{
if(n == 0)
return m;
return euclid_gcd_recur(n, m % n);
}
Algorithms
Number theory
General Mills

General Mills Inc. is an American corporation, focused on food products. The company's headquarters are in Golden Valley, Minnesota. It markets many well-known North American brands. Its most well-known products are cereals, such as Cheerios, Trix, and Lucky Charms. The company makes more than 100 of the leading U.S. brands.
References
1866 establishments in the United States
American food companies
Companies based in Minnesota
You Boyz Make Big Noize

You Boyz Make Big Noize is a 1987 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's fourteenth and last studio album. The album featured twelve radio-friendly songs, although the album was not as successful as hoped, peaking at #98 in the UK.
The album featured the singles "Still the Same", "That's What Friends Are For", "You Boyz Make Big Noize", "Ooh La La in L.A." and "We Won't Give In".
Track listing
"Love Is Like A Rock" (Avsec/McClain/Ierace/Hoenes/Valentine)
"That's What Friends Are For" (Holder/Lea) UK #95
"Still The Same" (Holder/Lea) UK #73
"Fools Go Crazy" (Holder/Lea)
"She's Heavy" (Holder/Lea)
"We Won't Give In" (Holder/Lea) UK #121
"Won't You Rock With Me" (Holder/Lea)
"Ooh La La In L.A." (Holder/Lea) Did Not Chart
"Me And The Boys" (Holder/Lea)
"Sing Shout (Knock Yourself Out)" (Holder/Lea)
"The Roaring Silence" (Holder/Lea)
"It's Hard Having Fun Nowadays" (Holder/Lea)
"You Boyz Make Big Noize" (Holder/Lea) UK #94
featured on later editions of the album
1987 albums
Slade albums
Republican Party (Liberia)

The Republican Party (or Liberian Party) was a political party in Liberia. The people in the party are mostly Americo-Liberians who had mixed African and European ancestry. The True Whig Party is the opposing party.
References
Political parties in Africa
1848 establishments
1840s establishments in Africa
1899 disestablishments
Disestablishments in Africa
Organizations based in Liberia
Rudeness

Rudeness (also called effrontery) is showing disrespect to people or cultures. These have been created by boundaries of normally accepted behavior.
Forms of rudeness include acting inconsiderate, insensitive, deliberately offensive, impolite, a faux pas, obscenity, profanity and violating taboos such as deviancy. In some cases, an act of rudeness can go so far as to be a crime, for example, the crime of hate speech.
References
Human behavior
Marisa Peguri

Marisa Alejandra Peguri is an retired rower from Argentina. Peguri competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was born on 24 March 1976.
References
Other websites
1976 births
Living people
Argentine rowers
Argentine Olympians
Albemarle County, Virginia

Albemarle County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. Its county seat is Charlottesville. As of the 2020 census, 112,395 people lived there.
References
Virginia counties
Shunning

Shunning is the rejection of a person. It is usual in some religious groups to cut people off if they do not believe the beliefs or follow the rules of the group. It has been used in industrial action (strikes) and as a punishment in certain societies.
Religions which use or have used shunning
The Catholic Church, before the Code of Canon Law of 1983. The practice of inquisition is famous. Other religious and quasi-religious groups which use the practice are:
Amish.
Jehova's Witnesses. Holden says that many keep affiliation out of fear of being shunned and losing contact with friends and family members.
Church of Scientology. The Church of Scientology asks its members to quit all communication with Suppressive Persons (those whom the Church deems antagonistic to Scientology). The practice of shunning in Scientology is termed disconnection. In the United States, the Church has tried to argue in court that disconnection is a constitutionally protected religious practice. However, this argument was rejected because the pressure put on individual Scientologists to disconnect means it is not voluntary.
Islam: apostasy in Islam (, or , ) is for a Muslim to abandon Islam by word or deed. It includes the act of converting to another religion or non-acceptance of faith, by a person who was born in a Muslim family or who had previously accepted Islam. Classical Islamic law called for execution, but how it should be punished is a matter of controversy: opinions of Islamic scholars differ on these questions.
Tax implications
In many countries, religions get huge financial advantages by being recognised as religions. They are not taxed, or have much reduced taxes. In the United States, the Establishment Clause of the US Constitution prevents the US government and (through the Bill of Rights) the 50 state governments from imposing church taxes. In 1947, the US Supreme Court ruled that "No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice religion." This explains why organisations such as Scientology wish to be classified as religions.
References
Religious behavior and experience
Social issues
Taxation
Punishments
Isoko people

The Isoko people are an ethnic group in southern Nigeria in Delta State. The Isoko people speak the Isoko language.
Notable people
Cornelius Adam Igbudu (1914-1981), founder of the Anglican Adam Preaching Society
Sunny Ofehe, environmental rights activist
Ethnic groups in Nigeria
Spaulding, Oklahoma

Spaulding is a town of Oklahoma in the United States.
Towns in Oklahoma
Saint-Couat-d'Aude

Saint-Couat-d'Aude is a commune of 404 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
References
Communes in Aude
Huish

Huish is a village and civil parish in Torridge, Devon, England. Huish has a church called Church of St James the Less.
References
Civil parishes in Devon
Villages in Devon
Torridge
Krautwiller

Krautwiller is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Sooty mangabey

The sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), is an Old World monkey of Guinea Bissau, Gabon, Senegal and Ghana. It has social groups of four to twelve individuals.
Disease
Sooty mangabeys are naturally infected with a strain of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV). Due to extensive human-mangabey contact in sub-Saharan Africa, the virus has jumped from this species into humans on many occasions. This resulted in the HIV-2 virus. The HIV-1 strain by contrast came from the common chimpanzee strain of SIV.
The sooty mangabey can also get leprosy, as can humans, the Nine-banded Armadillo, the common chimpanzee, and the crab-eating macaque.
References
Old World monkeys
Mammals of Africa
Kuch Kuch Hota Hai

Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (translation: Some Things Happens), also known as KKHH or K2H2, is a 1998 Bollywood movie directed by Karan Johar. The movie has Shahrukh Khan, Kajol, and Rani Mukherji in the main roles while Salman Khan makes a friendly appearance. The movie has music done by Jatin Lalit while the lyrics are written by Sameer.
Sypnopsis
After reading the letter her mother had written for her before she died, Anjali decides to bring together her widowed father, Rahul, with his true love who is also named Anjali.
Cast
Shahrukh Khan as Rahul Khanna
Kajol as Anjali Sharma
Rani Mukerji as Tina Malhotra
Salman Khan as Aman Mehra
Sana Saeed as Anjali Khanna
Farida Jalal as Savita Devi
Anupam Kher as Ravikant Malhotra
Reema Lagoo as Ramnika Sharma
Archana Puran Singh as Ms. Braganza
Himani Shivpuri as Rifat Qazi
Johnny Lever as Colonel Almeida
Parzan Dastur as Jasdeep Singh
Neelam Kothari as Neelam Sharma (special appearance)
Nikkhil Advani in Neelam's talk show segment (special appearance)
Manish Malhotra as a college student sitting on the steps of college when Anjali Sharma wears feminine clothing (special appearance)
Farah Khan in Neelam's talk show and sitting on the steps of college when Anjali wears feminine clothing (special appearance)
Geeta Kapoor in the song "Tujhe Yaad Na Meri Aayee" (special appearance)
Hiroo Johar as Professor Madhavi Goenka, walking down the steps of college when Anjali wears feminine clothing (special appearance)
Soundtrack
The music of the movie became very popular most-soldhe most sold music album of 1998.
Awards
The movie won many awards at the award functions.
Filmfare Awards
Best Film - Yash Johar
Best Director - Karan Johar
Best Actor - Shahrukh Khan
Best Actress - Kajol
Best Supporting Actor - Salman Khan
Best Supporting Actress - Rani Mukerji
Best Art Direction - Sharmishta Roy
Best Screenplay - Karan Johar
Nominated: Best Music Director - Jatin Lalit
Nominated: Best Comedian - Anupam Kher
Nominated: Best Comedian - Archana Puran Singh
Nominated: Best Comedian - Johnny Lever
* Nominated:Best Male Playback Singer - Kumar Sanu - "Ladki Badi Anjaani Hai"
Nominated: Best Male Playback Singer - Udit Narayan - "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai"
Nominated: Best Female Playback Singer - Alka Yagnik - "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai"
Nominated: Best Lyricist - Sameer - "Ladki Badi Anjaani Hai"
Nominated: Best Lyricist - Sameer - "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai"
Reception
Kuch Kuch Hota Hai became an all-time blockbuster at the box office.
References
Other websites
1990s Indian movies
1998 movies
1990s Hindi-language movies
Multilingual movies
Salman Khan
Lady Chatterley's Lover

Lady Chatterley's Lover is a 1981 British French German erotic drama movie directed by Just Jaeckin and based on the 1928 novel of the same name by D. H. Lawrence. It stars Sylvia Kristel, Nicholas Clay, Shane Briant, Ann Mitchell, Elizabeth Spriggs, Anthony Head, Bessie Love and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Other websites
1981 drama movies
1980s erotic movies
British drama movies
French drama movies
German drama movies
Type species

The term type species is used in the scientific naming of living things, and is part of a system using a so-called "type".
The type system is central to the scientific naming of living things (organisms). How exactly it works is different depending on exactly what living thing is considered, but in a very general (and imprecise) sense it may be said that it fixes each name to a particular specimen, the type specimen. This helps in finding out what particular name is to be used for a particular living thing (or a group of living things, a taxon). There are international Codes of nomenclature which set out exactly how types are to be designated and used.
For animals, the type species of a genus (or subgenus) is the type of that genus (or subgenus). The species (hopefully) has a specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) as its type, so the type species is the link between a genus (or subgenus) and a type specimen.
For algae, fungi and plants, it is different: the type species of a genus is the species that has the same type (specimen or illustration) as the genus. For example, Malus sylvestris, the European Wild Apple, is the type species of the genus Malus. Thus, for algae, fungi and plants, a type species plays no great role; it is not an official term, but only a term of convenience.
Notes
Taxonomy
History of mathematics

The history of mathematics is how mathematics has developed over time.
Early history
Early maths by Babylonians and Egyptians was built upon by Greeks such as Euclid, Archimedes, Pythagoras and Eratosthenes. Other important people are people such as Fibonacci, Descartes, Leonhard Euler, Blaise Pascal and Gauss.
20th century
Women in mathematics
Problems
Many mathematical problems have been proposed and solved. Andrew Wiles became famous by proving the Fermat's Last Theorem.
World War II
Some mathematical works had relation with the war. British mathematician Alan Turing created the Enigma machine to uncode Nazi codes. On the other hand, several mathematicians like John von Neumann worked on the Manhattan Project.
Related pages
Principia Mathematica
Mathematics
as:gnnit#gnnitr' itihaas
Natural language generation

Artificial intelligence is a sub-discipline of computer science. AI tries to allow computers to mimic human intelligence in order to solve complex problems and make decisions at scale. Natural language generation (NLG) is a part of AI.
Artificial intelligence
The Yachts

Yachts were a British new wave band, best remembered for their 1978 single, "Yachting Type", and minor new wave classic, "Matanovi's Hits".
1970s British music groups
Musical groups from Liverpool
English pop music groups
New wave bands
Yüksekova

Yuksekova (, Syriac: Gawar), is a city and a district of Hakkari Province of Turkey. It is on the border with Iran. In February of 2020 it was buried under 6 meters of snow.
References
Cities in Turkey
2020 in Europe
2020 in Asia
James L. Brooks

James L. Brooks (born May 9, 1940) is a three-time Academy Award, nineteen-time Emmy and Golden Globe-winning American producer, writer, and movie director.
He is best known for creating American television programs such as The Mary Tyler Moore Show, The Simpsons, Rhoda and Taxi. His best-known movie is Terms of Endearment, for which he received three Academy Awards in 1984.
References
Other websites
Gracie Films Website
1940 births
Living people
American movie directors
American screenwriters
Emmy Award winners
Writers from New York City
Aspen, Colorado

Aspen, Colorado is a city in Colorado. The city is known for its large ski-resorts and for hosting many ski-related games. Aspen is home to 6,658 people. The mayor of Aspen is Mick Ireland. The city was founded in 1879.
Aspen is in a remote area of the Rocky Mountains. The Roaring Fork River flows through the town. In the early years of the town, Aspen was a major center of silver mining. After a major recession, the city fell into decline, and most of the people that lived there left. However, after World War II the area was developed as a ski resort, and became a major skiing destination. Popular with celebrities, today it is one of the richest cities in the US and it remains a popular skiing destination.
Other websites
City of Aspen website
CDOT map of the City of Aspen
Aspen Ski & Snow Report
Aspen: The Forgotten Times Documentary produced by Montana PBS
Cities in Colorado
County seats in Colorado
Ski areas and resorts in the United States
1879 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Colorado
Palazzo Passarelli

The The Palace Passarelli is a palace in Viale Beatrice d'Este 22, Milano, Italy, designed by Lucio Passarelli and Giuseppe Chiodi, in the historic center of Milan inside the luxurious Quadronno District, which collects the open-air masterpieces of numerous archistars of the fifties.
Description
This Milanese residential building, belonging to the MAC-Concrete Art Movement with inspirations from Le Corbusier, Louis Kahn, James Stirling and is located in Viale Beatrice d'Este.
It is said that Lucio Fontana followed the works of the adjacent buildings which are the maximum expressions in the architectural design of the MAC movement.
History
* Design: 1958-1959
* Execution: 1958
* reference date: 1958 - 1959
References
Related pages
Quadronno District
Milano
Viale Anelli
Viale Beatrice d'Este
Palace Maffezzoli (Milan)
Other websites
1958 establishments in Europe
Buildings and structures in Milan
Living Shangri-La

Living Shangri-la is a mixed-use skyscraper in Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. It is the tallest building in both Metro Vancouver and British Columbia. The tower has a 5-star hotel and the offices on the first 15-floors. The rest of the tower has condominium apartment units occupying it. It is the 22nd tallest building in Canada. The cost of the building is $350 million. The tower crane that is on the top of the building was fitted with Christmas lights on November 13 and was the tallest crane that was illuminated in the city of Vancouver in 2007.
The building was featured as the headquarters of the fictional company ENCOM International in the 2010 movie Tron: Legacy.
References
Other websites
Official hotel website
Emporis.com - Living Shangri-La
SkycraperPage.com - Living Shangri-La
Hotels in Canada
Skyscrapers in Canada
Vancouver
Guadeloupe's 4th constituency

Guadeloupe's 4th constituency () is a constituency of France. It is in Guadeloupe.
Election results
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* Withdrew after the first round.
References
French legislative constituencies in Guadeloupe
Lake Chad

Lake Chad is a large, shallow, endorheic lake in the African Sahel. It has varied in size over the centuries.
Lake Chad shrank as much as 95% from about 1963 to 1998, but "the 2007 (satellite) image shows significant improvement over previous years". Lake Chad is economically important. It provides water to over 68 million people in the four countries surrounding it: Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria. It is on the edge of the Sahara Desert. It is the largest lake in the Chad Basin, the largest drainage basin in Africa.
Fossils of an important extinct hominid were found in the dried lakebed of Lake Chad. This was Sahelanthropus tchadensis. From evidence at the fossil site in Chad, it is thought to have lived about seven million years ago.
References
Lakes of Africa
World Wide Web

"The Web" redirects here. For other uses, see Web (disambiguation).
The World Wide Web ("WWW" or "The Web") is the part of the Internet that contains websites and webpages. It was invented in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Sir Tim Berners-Lee created a new markup language called HTML. Websites are composed of pages linked by hypertext links that are written in HTML.
The software to see the World Wide Web is called a web browser. One also needs a connection to the Internet.
Many companies nowadays offer website hosting allowing one to make websites that can be displayed on the World Wide Web, including a custom domain (www.stuff.com) site.
Related pages
Minitel
Other websites
World Wide Web -Citizendium
References
Internet
Osaka University

Osaka University is a national university of Japan. It was started in 1869. It is in Osaka. It has 11 departments.
Related pages
List of national universities in Japan
Other websites
Official website
Colleges and universities in Japan
1869 establishments in Japan
Osaka
John Aniston

John Aniston (born Yannis Anastasakis; July 24, 1933 - November 11, 2022) was a Greek-American television and movie actor. He was the father of actress Jennifer Aniston. He is best known for his role as Victor Kiriakis in Days of our Lives. That started in 1985. Aniston's career lasted 60 years. He appeared in over 100 television programs and movies.
Early life
Aniston was born in Chania, Crete, Greece to Stella Jones and to Antonios Anastasakis. Aniston went to Pennsylvania State University.
Marriage and family
Aniston was married to Nancy Dow from 1965 until they divorced in 1980. Aniston has been married to Sherry Rooney since 1984. With Dow, Aniston had 1 daughter, Jennifer Aniston. With Rooney he had a son, Alexander Rooney.
Selected filmography
Starred in:
Love of Life (TV) (1975)
Search for Tomorrow (TV) (1978 1974)
Days of Our Lives (1985 present)
Guest starred in:
Gilmore Girls
Airwolf
Combat
My Big Fat Greek Life
Star Trek: Voyager
Mission: Impossible
Mad Men
References
Other websites
1933 births
2022 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Greek actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Cymbal

Cymbals (pronounced like the word "symbol") are percussion instruments. They are discs made of copper, bronze or a special alloy. They look rather like saucepan lids, but in the middle they jut out a little and they have straps there that pass through a hole. Also called "clangers"
There are two ways of playing cymbals. One way is to use a pair of cymbals that are the same. The player holds one cymbal in each hand, holding them by the strap. He then bangs the cymbals together. There are many ways of doing this depending on the sort of sound that is wanted. For example, a very quiet sound can be made by rubbing the edges of the cymbals together. A very loud sound can be made by hitting them together as the arms form a circle, and letting the cymbals vibrate for a long time by holding them in the air.
Another way of playing the cymbal is to use just one cymbal, and to hang it on a stand. It can then be played with a beater, stick or wire brush. It can be hit at the edge, in the middle, or half way between, depending on the sound that is wanted.
Cymbals are made in different sizes. Some may be just 25 cm across, large ones may be up to 60 cm across. Cymbals do not normally give any particular pitch. There are, however, small ones based on an old form of cymbal which are called "crotales". There are also Chinese cymbals which have a turned-up edge.
Cymbals are used in many different musical groups. They are heard in an orchestra, in jazz groups, percussion groups and bands, including marching bands. A drum kit always has at least one cymbal. This may be a "crash cymbal" (on the top of a stand) or a pair of hi-hats (a pair of small cymbals operated by pressing a pedal with the foot.
Origins
The word cymbals comes from the Latin cymbalum, which itself comes from the Greek word kumbalom, meaning a small bowl. It was used in many ancient cultures including Egyptian civilisations.
Orchestral cymbals
Cymbals are often used in orchestras. The first composer to use them was probably Joseph Haydn in his "Military Symphony" (1794). They are often used when there is a big climax (for example in the "Academic Festival Overture" by Johannes Brahms, but they can also sometimes be played very quietly. Sometimes players should let the cymbal vibrate for a long time after a big crash, but at other times he may have to hold the cymbals against his body quickly to stop the noise. This is called "damping" the sound.
Cymbals have traditionally often been played together with the bass drum. This makes a "crash-bang-wallop" noise.
Other websites
CymbalPlanet.com Welcome to the World of Cymbals
References
"The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments" by Konemann;
Percussion instruments
National Assembly (São Tomé and Príncipe)

The National Assembly (Portuguese: Assembleia Nacional) is the unicameral legislative body of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe.
The Assembly is elected for a four-year term. The Assembly can be dissolved by the President of the Republic in case of a serious institutional crisis, only with the approval of the Council of State.
References
Sao Tome and Principe
Unicameral legislatures
Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest happens when the heart suddenly stops beating. This can be caused by a heart attack in which the heart's demand for oxygen is not met and the heart muscle begins to die. With cardiac arrest, normal circulation of blood stops, because of a failure of the heart to contract. This results in the body not getting enough oxygenated blood, which causes cells to start to die from oxygen starvation. Cerebral hypoxia (lack of oxygen to the brain) makes a person lose consciousness and stop breathing, and this makes the heart stop completely. Unless the person is in hypothermia, brain damage usually occurs after three to five minutes. (In some cases, the person is put into hypothermia on purpose, to help the person recover better with less damage.)
Cardiac arrest is a medical emergency. If it is treated early enough, some damage done can be reversed in certain groups of patients. When cardiac arrest leads to a person's death, this is called sudden cardiac death (SCD). First aid treatment for cardiac arrest usually begins with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to keep oxygenated blood flowing until medical treatment is available.
Heart
Medical emergencies
Oedipina maritima

Oedipina maritima (commonly known as the maritime worm salamander) is a species of worm salamander that lives on the island of Escudo de Veraguas. It has no natural predators, as only a few animals live on the island, but it is endangered due to deforestation.
Population
There are only eight known adult specimens and two clutches of eggs.
Threats
The only threat to the salamander is deforestation.
References
Salamanders
Animals of North America
Conrad Phillips

Conrad Phillips (born Conrad Philip Havord; 13 April 1925 - 13 January 2016) was a British movie and television actor. He was born in London, England. He was known for playing William Tell in The Adventures of William Tell and for guest-star role as Mr. Lloyd in Fawlty Towers.
Phillips died in Chippenham, Wiltshire from complications of pneumonia at the age of 90.
References
Other websites
Aiming True - The Autobiography of Conrad Phillips
Screen Heaven: William Tell
Screenonline: William Tell
Dateline Diamonds
Skeoch - Our New Life On A Scottish Hill Farm
1925 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
British movie actors
British television actors
British radio actors
Actors from London
TSV Schwieberdingen

TSV Schwieberdingen is a German football club. It is in Schwieberdingen, Baden-Wurttemberg. The club was founded in 1906. Today it has over 2,200 people.
The football team is playing in the Oberliga Baden-Wurttemberg (IV). Their stadium is the Felsenberg-Arena.
Other websites
Official website
German football clubs
Sport in Baden-Wurttemberg
Courgenay

For the town in France, see Courgenay, Yonne.
Courgenay is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website of the municipality of Courgenay
Municipalities of Jura
Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa

Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (also called Madagascar 2: Escape to Africa) is a 2008 computer-animated adventure comedy movie and the sequel to the first movie about the same characters. It is directed by Eric Darnell and written by Thomas "Tom" McGrath. It stars the voices of Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, Jada Pinkett Smith, David Schwimmer, Sacha Baron Cohen, Cedric the Entertainer and Andy Richter. Also providing voices are Alec Baldwin, will.i.am, Bernie Mac and Sherri Shepherd. It was made by DreamWorks Animation and was released in 2008.
In the movie, the New York Zoo animals, Alex the Lion, Marty the Zebra, Melman the Giraffe and Gloria the Hippo, still stranded on Madagascar, started to leave the island. All of the sudden, they landed in the wilderness of Africa. There, Alex soon meet the rest of his family and starting to have trouble communicating with them after much of his time at the Central Park Zoo. It was followed by Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted.
Release Dates
Cast
Ben Stiller as Alex
Chris Rock as Marty and other zebras
David Schwimmer as Melman
Jada Pinkett Smith as Gloria
Sacha Baron Cohen as King Julien XIII
Cedric the Entertainer as Maurice
Andy Richter as Mort
Elisa Gabrielli as Nana
Bernie Mac as Zuba
Alec Baldwin as Makunga
Sherri Shepherd as Florrie (credited as "Mom")
will.i.am as Moto Moto
Tom McGrath as Skipper
Chris Miller as Kowalski
Christopher Knights as Private
John DiMaggio as Rico
Conrad Vernon as Mason
Video games
Same as previously movie, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa has also adaptaion into video games. Release in platforms PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Nintendo Wii, Xbox 360, Nintendo DS, and also Microsoft Windows.
Other websites
Official website
Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa on the DreamWorks Animation website
Official video game website
Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (PS3) at IGN
2008 movies
2008 animated movies
2008 adventure movies
American adventure movies
American animated movies
American family movies
Canadian adventure movies
Canadian animated movies
Canadian family movies
American movies
Canadian movies
DreamWorks Animation movies
Madagascar (franchise)
Movies about animals
Movies about lions
Movies about penguins
Movies about primates
Movies directed by Eric Darnell
Movies directed by Tom McGrath
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Movies set in Africa
Paramount movies
Sequel movies
LNWR electric units

During 1909-1922, the London and North Western Railway embarked on a large-scale project to electrify their whole London inner-suburban network, encompassing the lines from London Euston to Watford and the North London Railway from London Broad Street to Richmond. This also included branch lines such as Watford to Croxley Green (where a depot was built to house the electric units), and links to what was to become the London Underground network. For this reason, the lines were electrified using the fourth rail 630V DC system, the electricity being generated at the LNWR's own power station in Stonebridge Park. The first electric passenger trains ran in 1914, limited to the West London line route (Willesden to Earls Court), and full services over the whole network did not begin until 1922, work having been delayed by the First World War. The London, Midland and Scottish Railway extended the network in 1927 by electrifying the branch to Rickmansworth.
LNWR
Loch Morar

Loch Morar is a lake in Scotland. It is 310 metres deep, which makes it the deepest fresh water lake in Britain, and the third deepest in Europe.
References
Lochs
Shumashti language

Shumashti is a Dardic language spoken by 1,600 people in Kunar and a few in Chitral, Pakistan. It is spoken by the Shumashti people, a Dardic ethnic group who are related to the Pashai and Gawar people.
References
Languages of Afghanistan
Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Dardic languages