pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Graham T. Allison

Graham Tillett Allison Jr. (born March 23, 1940) is an American political scientist and educator. He is a professor at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard.
His book Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection was published in 1976. He had some influence on the foreign policy of the administration of President Jimmy Carter who took office in early 1977.
Since the 1970s, Allison has also been a leading analyst of U.S. national security and defense policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons and terrorism.
References
Other websites
Appearances on C-SPAN
Graham Allison's post at HuffPo
Graham Allison's Official Harvard Bio
1940 births
Living people
American political scientists
Educators from Charlotte, North Carolina
American political commentators
Writers from Charlotte, North Carolina
Hail to Bermuda

"Hail to Bermuda" is the anthem of Bermuda.
Lyrics
References
Bermuda
North American anthems
Tropical Storm Bret (1993)

Tropical Storm Bret was a deadly storm that crossed Venezuela, Colombia and eastern Nicaragua. Winds of this storm peaked at 60 miles an hour. Bret caused serious damage and the deaths of almost 200 people along its path. The storm happened in early August 1993. It was the deadliest Atlantic cyclone of the 1993 Atlantic storm season.
Atlantic tropical storms
20th century in Venezuela
20th century in Nicaragua
20th century in Colombia
August events
1990s in South America
1993 in North America
1990s in weather
Fionnula Flanagan

Fionnula Flanagan (December 10, 1941) is an Irish actress who works mostly in movies and television. She has also acted on stage, and is also a political activist. Flanagan was born in Dublin, Ireland.
Other websites
Irish movie actors
1941 births
Living people
Irish actors
Stowmarket railway station

Stowmarket railway station is a station in Suffolk, England for Stowmarket. Trains are run by Greater Anglia to London, Norwich, Ipswich, Cambridge and Peterborough.
References
Railway stations in Suffolk
North Mankato, Minnesota

North Mankato is a city in Nicollet and Blue Earth counties in the State of Minnesota. The population was 13,394 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Minnesota
Blood Work (movie)

Blood Work is a 2002 American mystery thriller movie produced, directed by, and starring Clint Eastwood. The movie co-stars Jeff Daniels, Wanda De Jesus, and Anjelica Huston. It is based on the 1998 novel of the same name by Michael Connelly.
The movie was released on August 9, 2002 to mixed reviews.
References
2002 movies
2000s mystery movies
2002 thriller movies
American mystery movies
American thriller movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Clint Eastwood
Warner Bros. movies
Närke

Narke is a historical province in central Sweden. The older spellning, Nerike, is still around in the name of local newspaper Nerikes Allehanda.
References
Other websites
Narke
Sally Carman

Sally Carman-Duttine (born 9 May 1981) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Kelly Maguire in the Channel 4 comedy-drama series Shameless (2005-2013), and Abi Franklin in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2017-present).
Carman was born in Mexborough, South Yorkshire, the county of England. At 18, she attended the LAMDA drama school in London.
She has also appeared in Doctors, Heartbeat, and Holby City.
Other websites
1981 births
Living people
English television actors
People from South Yorkshire
2021 Myanmar coup d'état

On 1 February 2021, there was a coup d'etat in Myanmar. Important leaders including State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President Win Myint were detained as the military (Tatmadaw) took control of the government.
History
Myanmar (also known as Burma) has been under military rule before. General Ne Win led a coup in 1962. In 1988, many people protested against the military government because they were not happy with it. They wanted elections with many parties running so that normal people could change the government. The military killed many protestors.(3000-10000 as estimated).
Aung San Suu Kyi is the daughter of General Aung San, who helped free Burma from British rule. After 1988, she became a pro-democracy activist. In 1990, her party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), won the elections in a landslide. However, the government refused to say that her party won.
In 2011, Suu Kyi's party won the elections. However, she is not allowed to be president of the country because her family (her late husband Michael Aris and two sons) are British citizens. So she became State Counsellor, which is like a prime minister.
In 2020, there was an election in Myanmar. The NLD won the election but Tatmadaw accused that there was an election fraud and made a coup at the early morning of February 1st of 2021. However, the proof that there was a fraud is not found, so far and people believes that Tatmadaw made the coup because the generals wants to restart the military dictatorship which ended about 10 years ago. After coup, people protests began in the whole country with many people because they wanted their elected government back but Tatmadaw disagree and killed many protesting people (around 1000 estimated), which led the People Defensive War, the national wide armed resistance against the military regime,
Events
Early in the morning of 1 February, Suu Kyi and other leaders in her party were taken away in a raid. Then the Internet and phone lines were cut off so that people could not talk to others inside or outside the countries.
Reactions
A lot of leaders in other countries around the world said that they were really worried about what was going on in Burma.
References
2021 in Asia
February 2021 events
Coups d'etat
2021 coup
March 2021 events
April 2021 events
Paul Marland

Paul Marland (19 March 1940 - 7 April 2021) was a British Conservative politician.
Marland became a Member of Parliament for the marginal seat of West Gloucestershire from Labour in 1979. He served until 1997.
He was president of the National Conservative Convention in 2005.
Marland died in April 2021 at the age of 81.
References
1940 births
2021 deaths
UK MPs 1979-1983
UK MPs 1983-1987
UK MPs 1987-1992
UK MPs 1992-1997
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Hold My Hand (Michael Jackson and Akon song)

"Hold My Hand" is a song by Michael Jackson featuring Akon. It was recorded in 2008. It was released posthumously in 2010, a year after Jackson's untimely death. It reached ten in the UK Singles Chart.
References
2010 songs
Akon songs
Michael Jackson songs
Sandra Gomez Perez

Sandra Gomez Perez (born May 22, 1986 in Pamplona, Navarra) is a swimmer from Spain. She has a disability: she is blind and is an B2/S12 type swimmer. She raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and 2008 Summer Paralympics. She finished first at the 2004 Games in the Women's SB12 100 meter breaststroke race. She finished second in the Women's SB12 100 meter breaststroke at the 2008 Games.
References
Spanish swimmers
Living people
1986 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
2008 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
People from Navarre
Scrotum

The scrotum is the bag that holds the testicles (commonly called balls) in male mammals. It is made of skin and muscle and is found between the penis and anus. It is often covered in pubic hair and becomes tight when the male is aroused. The scrotum has a seam or slightly raised line of skin which is called the raphe.
Use
The function of the scrotum is to keep the testicles less warm than the rest of the body. Human testicles work best at 36.8 degrees Celsius (98 degrees Fahrenheit) when normal body temperature is 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Higher temperatures than 36.8 degrees will damage the sperm inside the testicles.
The temperature is controlled by moving the testicles closer to the abdomen when they are too cold, and away when too hot. This is done by muscles contracting or relaxing. This lifts and lowers the testicles inside the scrotum. The scrotum will usually tighten during erection. The testicles can also be lifted by tightening the anus and pelvic muscles.
Some men put jewelry on the scrotum, mainly for decoration.
Temperature
The best temperature for the testes varies between species, but usually it is a bit cooler than body temperature. This means that the testicles have to be held outside of the body in most male mammals.
Protection
The scrotum may move the testes closer to the abdomen when in danger. Testes are extremely sensitive, and hitting or injuring them causes extreme pain. Males avoid this by involunatirly moving the testes closer.
Another explanation for the location of the scrotum is to that their exterior location protects the testes from jolts and being crushed inside the body. Animals that have slow movements - such as elephants, whales, and moles - have internal testes and no scrotum.
When the scrotum is hanging loosely, the testicular cords that the testicle hangs from can get twisted. This is especially prone to happen during exercise. This is called testicular_torsion. It is a medical emergency.
Gallery
Related pages
Sex organ
Castration
Penis
References
Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Dick Smith (third baseman)

Richard Harrison Smith (July 21, 1926 - January 25, 2021) was an American professional baseball player. He appeared in 70 games over parts of five Major League Baseball seasons (1951-1955) as a member of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Smith was born in Blandburg, Pennsylvania.
Smith died on January 25, 2021 in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2021 deaths
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Jesse James Hollywood

Jesse James Hollywood (born January 28, 1980 in Los Angeles, California) is an American drug dealer and former fugitive. He kidnapped and had someone murder Nicholas Markowitz.
References
Other websites
Unsolved Mysteries profile
Jesse James Hollywood - Fox Network's America's Most Wanted profile
1980 births
Living people
American kidnappers
American murderers
American prisoners
People from Los Angeles
Marvin Kalb

Marvin Leonard Kalb (born June 9, 1930) is an American journalist. Kalb was the founding director of the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy and Edward R. Murrow Professor of Press and Public Policy from 1987 to 1999.
Kalb spent 30 years as an award-winning reporter for CBS News and NBC News. Kalb was the last newsman hired by Edward R. Murrow to join CBS News.
At NBC, he served as chief Diplomatic Correspondent and host of Meet the Press. His brother, Bernard Kalb, is also a journalist.
References
Other websites
About Marvin Kalb at The Kalb Report from the George Washington University website
Marvin Kalb's Profile at Harvard University from the John F. Kennedy School of Government website
Marvin Kalb's Expert Page at The Brookings Institution from The Brookings Institution website
1930 births
Living people
American political writers
American political commentators
Journalists from New York City
American television news anchors
Wikon

Wikon is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Lucerne
Jefferson, Iowa

Jefferson is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is the county seat of Greene County. The number of people living in Jefferson was 4,345 at the 2010 census. It is the home of the Mahanay Memorial Bell Tower, which is in the town square, and can be seen for miles.
References
Cities in Iowa
County seats in Iowa
Amritsar Tahsil

Amritsar Tahsil was an administrative subdivision of the Lahore Division in British Punjab of British India. The tahsil had an area of 545 square miles. To the west was Lahore situated on the Ravi River and east was the Beas River, which divided it from the State of Kapurthala. The area contained fertile land irrigated by the Bari Doab Canal. The city of Amritsar city is located in this area. The population of the tahsil in 1901 was 488,383, compared with 462,734 in 1891. The city of Amritsar (population, 162,429 in 1901) was the headquarters. It also contained the towns of Majitha (6,403) and Jandiala Guru (7,750); and 373 villages.
References
Lahore Division
Clumanc

Clumanc is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.
Geography
The river Asse de Clumanc flows south through the commune.
References
Communes in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Radekhiv

Radekhiv (, ) is a city in Lviv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Radekhiv Raion. About 9,230 live there.
Other websites
Cities in Lviv Oblast
Emptiness

Emptiness is a sense of general boredom, feeling socially separated from other people, and feeling that you do not care any more. Feelings of emptiness often accompany depression, loneliness, or despair. A sense of emptiness is also part of a natural process of grief, caused by separation from or the death of somebody you love.
While Christianity and Western sociologists and psychologists consider a state of emptiness as a negative, bad condition, in some Eastern philosophies such as Buddhist philosophy and Taoism, emptiness is seen as a real achievement.
Emotions
Lucy Hale

Karen Lucille "Lucy" Hale (born June 14, 1989 in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American actress and singer. Her movies include Scream 4, Bionic Woman and Privileged. She also acted in the TV series Pretty Little Liars.
References
American movie actors
American television actors
singers from Memphis, Tennessee
Actors from Memphis, Tennessee
1989 births
Living people
Hradec Králové

Hradec Kralove () is a city in the Czech Republic. It is the capital of the Hradec Kralove Region. It has about 93,000 inhabitants.
References
Cities in the Czech Republic
Hradec Kralove Region
F.C. Pakhtakor Tashkent

F.C. Pakhtakor Tashkent is a football club which plays in Uzbekistan.
References
Uzbekistani football clubs
Ui Miyazaki

; born August 23) is a Japanese voice actress from Tokyo, Japan.
Anime cast in
Ar Tonelico as Orica Mestomille
D.C.S.S. ~Da Capo Second Season~ as Aisia
Gift ~eternal rainbow~ as Kirino Konosaka
Hime-sama Goyojin as Na-na
Izumo: Takeki Tsurugi no Senki as Suzaku
Magical Kanan as Emi Kojima
Ray as Aka Ribbon
Strawberry Panic! as Remon Natsume
Sumomomo Momomo as Iroha Minamoto
References
Ui Miyazaki at Anime News Network's Encyclopedia
Other websites
Official blog
Official agency profile
Ui Miyazaki at GamePlaza-Haruka Voice Acting Database
Ui Miyazaki at Hitoshi Doi's Seiyuu Database
Living people
Actors from Tokyo
Japanese voice actors
Stenian

The Stenian is the last geological period in the Mesoproterozoic. It began 1.2 billion years ago, and ended at 1 billion years ago. Before it was the Ectasian. It is followed by the Tonian.
The supercontinent Rodinia began forming in this period.
Fossils of the first known sexually-reproducing eukaryotes are found at the end of the previous period in the Hunting Formation on Somerset Island, Nunavut, Canada.
This period includes the Keweenawan Age at about 1100 mya.
References
Mesoproterozoic
Fritz Levitus

Fritz Levitus was an Austrian football player and coach.
He played in the Austrian championship first with Wiener AF in the seasons 1915, 1915-16 and 1916-17, and then with Hakoah Wien in the seasons 1921-22 and 1922-23.
Later he became a coach and managed Yugoslav club FK Vojvodina between 1936 and 1938. He also coached Maccabi Brno in Czechoslovakia.
References
Austrian footballers
Association football midfielders
Austrian football managers
Pedestrian scramble

A pedestrian scramble, or 'X' crossing is also known as a diagonal crossing, Barnes dance (US), or scramble intersection / scramble corner (Canada).
It is a type of crossing which temporarily stops all traffic. This lets pedestrians cross an intersection in every direction.
It was first used in Canada and the United States in the late 1940s. It fell out of favor with traffic engineers, because it gave priority to pedestrians over the flow of car traffic. Its safety and benefits to pedestrians has led to its being installed in many countries recently.
References
Traffic signs
Mérindol

Merindol is a commune of 1,923 people (2006). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France. The town has a Mediterranean climate with hot and dry summers and mild winters. It does not rain very often and snow is rare. Protected by the Luberon, a mountain range, the town is sheltered from the mistral, a cold dry wind that blows from the north. The town was first built on a hill which was easy to defend. After the town was destroyed in 1545, it was rebuilt on the plain, near the river.
History
A ferry was in use to cross the Durance River in the year 1240. Merindol was abandoned, probably because of plague, in the 15th century.
In the late Middle Ages, Louis II of Provence sold the land to the lords of Abacus-Cental and Rocca Sparviera. They moved in farming families from Piedmont. The farmers were followers of Pierre Vaudes (Peter Waldo). They were part of a group, known as the Vaudois or Waldensians, who had separated from the Catholic Church in 1170. They believed in a simple life based on a line in the Gospel of Matthew. This put them in opposition to the rich and powerful church. In 1530, a Dominican priest, Jean de Roma, began a campaign against the Vaudois because he said they were heretics. His gangs attacked the town and burnt many houses and killed many of the people.
In 1540, de Roma arrested a flour miller from Merindol, took his mill, and then burned the man at the stake. On November 18 1540, 19 more people were sentenced to death by burning at the stake, and the town was ordered to be completely destroyed. A group from the town went to the king to save the people and the village. He gave them until 1545 AD to give up their religion and rejoin the Catholic Church. On April 18 1545, the village was completely burned and about 12 of the Vaudois still living there were killed. Over one week there were attacks on 11 other small villages, and it is thought that about 3000 people were killed. Many of the Vaudois from Merindol were able to escape and ran away to Switzerland.
The Path of Memory
In 1977, members of Vaudois organizations in Germany, France and Italy built a path in memory of the people who had been killed for their religious beliefs. The path leads to the ruins of the Vaudois church.
References
Communes in Vaucluse
Sandomierz

Sandomierz (pronounced: ; ) is a historical town in south-eastern Poland. In 2017, 23,863 people lived here.
References
Towns in Poland
Freemasonry

Freemasonry is an organization of people who believe in brotherhood and helping others. Its members are known as "Freemasons" (in full: "Ancient Free and Accepted Masons", or simply "Masons"). Freemasons also help one another in times of hardship. Freemasonry can be found all over the world in various forms. About 6 million people are Freemasons.
The local groups in various countries are known as "lodges". At the State or National level are "Grand Lodges". These are independent of each other. "Regular" Freemasonry is only for men, but there are also co-ed Masonic lodges (and lodges for only Women) that are not recognized as legitimate by the "regular" groups. All of these lodges believe in "brotherly love, relief and truth". They do work for charities such as running schools for orphaned children. There is a Royal Masonic Hospital which is a home for old members and their families.
The word mason means a construction worker who works with stone. He is also called a "stonemason". Freemasonry grew from the groups (guilds) of stonemasons in the Middle Ages. These men were building cathedrals and other big buildings. They were called freemasons because they were free, they were not servants who belonged to a rich lord, like many workers were in those days. They often changed jobs and moved from one town to another. In this way they were different from other craftsmen who often worked in one place and had guilds in one town. The stonemasons tried to keep their skills secret so only they knew how to do their job. This is probably why the Freemasons have hand shakes and passwords that they swear to keep secret.
About 1650, Masons' guilds started to let people who were not masons into their guilds. In 1717, the first Grand Lodge (the Grand Lodge of England) was formed. It developed into the governing body of Freemasonry in England. In 1813, it merged with a rival and is now called the United Grand Lodge of England.
Freemasonry is controversial and has been opposed. The Anti-Masonic Party (1827-34) was important in early American politics. The Catholic Church opposes Freemasonry, although Freemasonry itself does not block Catholics. Political authorities also sometimes oppose it. Nazi Germany and Eastern Bloc nations outlawed freemasonry.
References
Israel Yinon

Israel Yinon (11 January 1956 - 29 January 2015) was an Israeli conductor. He was known for reviving works of forgotten German composers who were forbidden under Adolf Hitler.
Yinon died after collapsing onstage at a youth concert at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts in Switzerland. He was 59 years old. His cause of death is currently unknown.
References
1956 births
2015 deaths
Israeli conductors
Jewish Israeli musicians
Meslay, Calvados

Meslay, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie, in the Calvados department, in the northwest of France.
References
Communes in Calvados
Solar rotation

Like other celestial bodies, the Sun rotates. This is known as solar rotation. Because the Sun is not solid, the speed of rotation is different in different parts of its atmosphere. At the equator, one rotation takes about 25 days. At the poles, one rotation takes about 38 days. Why this rotation speed varies is currently being researched. The upper and lower chromosphere rotates when the sun rotates.
References
rotation
The Yellow Kid

The Yellow Kid is the name of a comic strip character. He appeared from 1895 to 1898 in the New York World, and later in the New York Journal. The Yellow Kid was created and drawn by Richard F. Outcault in the comic strip Hogan's Alley. It was one of the first Sunday supplement comic strips in an American newspaper. Its graphical layout had already been established in political and other, purely-for-entertainment cartoons.
The Yellow Kid was a bald, snaggle-toothed boy who wore an over-sized yellow nightshirt and hung around in a slum alley. This alley was typical of certain areas of squalor that existed in turn of the 19th to 20th century New York City. Hogan's Alley was filled with equally odd characters, mostly other children. With a goofy grin, the Kid spoke in a ragged, peculiar slang. This slang was printed on his shirt, a device meant to mock advertising billboards.
References
Other websites
Radio piece detailing the story behind the Yellow Kid, particularly his role in commercial advertising
Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum: (88 Yellow Kid pages)
New York Times Book Review: "The Kid From Hogan's Alley" by John Canemaker
R. F. Outcault Society's Yellow Kid site
Yellow Kid origin
Yellow Kid Pinbacks
American comic strips
Comics characters
Jane Campion

Dame Elizabeth Jane Campion (born 30 April 1954) is a New Zealand director, screenwriter, and producer. She became the first woman to be nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Director. She is also the first female filmmaker to win the Palme d'Or for The Piano (1993). This movie also won her the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. She won the Oscar for Best Director for her movie The Power of the Dog (2021).
References
1954 births
Living people
New Zealand movie directors
New Zealand movie producers
New Zealand screenwriters
Writers from Wellington
Academy Award winning writers
Golden Globe Award winning directors
BAFTA Award winning directors
Le Moulinet-sur-Solin

Le Moulinet-sur-Solin is a French commune. It is in the Loiret department.
Communes in Loiret
Verne Lundquist

Merton Laverne "Verne" Lundquist, Jr. (born June 17, 1940) is a longtime sportscaster with CBS Sports and formally with Turner Sports and ABC Sports.
He backed up Chris Schenkel for ABC'S covering of bowling. He also called college football games for ABC. He started his career as the voice of the Dallas Cowboys. During his time at Turner Sports, he called college football, NFL, and NBA games for TNT and/or TBS. Lundquist replaced Gary Bender as play-by-play announcer for TNT Sunday Night Football before ESPN took over for Sunday Night Football full-time.
Lundquist currently calls SEC games and other college football games for CBS with Gary Danielson and sideline reporter Tracy Wolfson. Lundquist also calls college basketball and golf tournaments for CBS. He used to call NFL and NBA games for the network.
Lundquist is a native of Duluth, Minnesota. He graduated from Texas Lutheran College.
References
Boxing broadcasters
Olympic Games broadcasters
Bowling broadcasters
College football broadcasters
College basketball broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
1940 births
Living people
People from Duluth, Minnesota
Pre-shared key

In cryptography, a pre-shared key or PSK is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it is used. Such systems almost always use symmetric key cryptographic algorithms.
The characteristics of this secret or key are determined by the system which uses it; some system require that such keys be in a specific format. It can be a password like 'bret13i', a passphrase like 'Idaho hung gear id gene', or a hexadecimal string like '65E4 E556 8622 EEE1'. The secret is used by all systems involved in the cryptographic processes used to secure the traffic between the systems.
The term is used in Wi-Fi encryption such as WEP or WPA, where both the wireless access points (AP) and all clients share the same key.
Since one weakpoint of the crypto system is the encryption algorithm's key, the key strength is important, and since the strength of a key is in part dependent on the key length, it is important to choose a key whose length is cryptographically secure (see password strength). There are several tools available to help one choose a strong key. The Diceware method is one example.
Cryptography
Lambda calculus

In mathematical logic and computer science, lambda calculus, also l-calculus, is a formal system (a system that can be used to figure out different logical theories and ideas). It was made to explore different ways of creating and using mathematical functions, and it lays out rules for doing this. It is also a tool for exploring recursion, and it has been used to explain what a computable function is. It was made by Alonzo Church and Stephen Cole Kleene in the 1930s. In 1936, Church used lambda calculus to show that there is no solution to the Entscheidungsproblem.
Lambda calculus can be called the smallest universal programming language. At its core, lambda calculus is made up of just one transformation rule (something called variable substitution) and just one way to define a function. Each function definition has a list of the function's parameters, which are all of the variables that can be used in that function. Variable substitution is where specific variables in a function are replaced by other values (for example, the value could take the place of every spot in a function where the variable appears). This is called a transformation rule because it can be used to transform lambda expressions by changing around their values.
Lambda calculus is considered "universal" because it can be used to both create and find the answer to any computable function. This is exactly what a Turing machine can do, so lambda calculus and Turing machines are said to be equivalent. However, lambda calculus focuses more on the use of transformation rules. It does not care about the actual machine that puts those rules into place. It is an approach more related to software than to hardware.
There is no way to answer the question of whether two lambda calculus expressions are the same as each other (in more specific words, there is no general algorithm that can show that two lambda expressions are equivalent). This was the first problem where the idea of undecidability could be proven. Later, undecidability was also proven for the halting problem, where it was shown that there is no general way to show whether or not a program will keep running forever. Lambda calculus has had large effects on lots of functional programming languages, such as LISP, ML, and Haskell.
Calculus
Recursion
Hillview, Kentucky

Hillview is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Bullitt County, Kentucky
Denny Miller

Denny Scott Miller (born Dennis Linn Miller; April 25, 1934 - September 9, 2014) was an American actor. He was best best known for his role as Tarzan in the movie Tarzan, the Ape Man (1959). He also appeared in many television series such as Wagon Train, Gilligan's Island, Magnum, P.I., The Brady Bunch and Gunsmoke.
Miller was born in Bloomington, Indiana. He was married to Kit Smythe until their divorce. He was later married to Nancy Miller until his death.
Miller died from Lou Gehrig's disease on September 9, 2014 in Las Vegas, Nevada. He was 80. He was also diagnosed with the disease in January 2014.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Indiana
American movie actors
American television actors
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Disease-related deaths in Nevada
People from Bloomington, Indiana
Coincy, Aisne

Coincy is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Aisne department
Other websites
Communes in Aisne
James IV of Scotland

James IV (17 March 1473 - 9 September 1513) was King of Scotland from 1488 through 1513. He was an effective ruler and popular king unlike his unpopular father James III of Scotland.
Death
He was killed in battle at the Battle of Flodden on 9th September 1513 and was replaced by his 17 month old son James V of Scotland.
Family
Some of James' relatives were:
James III of Scotland, his father
Margaret Tudor, his wife
James V of Scotland, his son
Mary, Queen of Scots, his granddaughter
References
1473 births
1513 deaths
Kings and Queens of Scotland
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
15th century in Scotland
16th century in Scotland
Young Doctors in Love

Young Doctors in Love is a 1982 American comedy movie directed by first time director Garry Marshall. It stars Michael McKean, Sean Young, Saul Rubinek, Harry Dean Staton, Hector Elizondo, Pamela Reed, Michael Richards, Dabney Coleman, Taylor Negron and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1982 comedy movies
1980s sex comedy movies
1980s teen comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Garry Marshall
Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)

"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" - is a song by American singer Beyonce. It was written by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart and Knowles for her third studio album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008).
Music video
The music video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" was shot on September 14, 2008 and directed by Jake Nava and released to major outlets on October 13, 2008. In the video, Knowles is performing as Sasha Fierce. The video features much choreography, showing Sasha with two other female dancers in all black leotards.
The video is based upon a 1960s routine performed by Gwen Verdon.
It was uploaded to YouTube on October 3, 2009.
Track listing
References
2008 songs
Beyonce songs
Dance-pop songs
R&B songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Songs with feminist themes
Francisella tularensis

Francisella tularnsis is the bacterium causing the serious zoonotic disease tularemia. The bacterium is gram-negative, and the causative agent of tularemia or rabbit fever. Due to its ease of spread by aerosol and its high virulence it is classed as a potential bioterrorism agent.
Gram-negative bacteria
Southampton Itchen (UK Parliament constituency)

Southampton, Itchen is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Royston Smith, a Conservative member of parliament.
The electorate is 74,513 (December 2010).
Election results
Notes
References
Westminster Parliamentary constituencies in England
Chef Boyardee

Chef Boyardee is a food company founded in 1938. It is a public company. It mainly serves microwaveable foods. The company was founded by Italian immigrant Hector Boiardi in Milton, Pennsylvania, U.S., in 1928.
Products
Mini ABCs and 123s with Meatballs
Mini ABCs and 123s with Meatballs is a food product of Chef Boyardee. It is soup with alphabet letters and numbers. It also comes with meatballs. It has 220 calories.
Mini Ravioli
Mini Ravioli is a food product of Chef Boyardee. It is soup that has raviolis in a smaller size in it. Like Mini ABCs and 123s with Meatballs, it has 220 calories. It comes in 2 sizes: 15 oz and 40 oz.
Beefaroni
Beefaroni is a food product of Chef Boyardee. It is soup with beefaroni.
References
Other websites
Official site
20th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
1928 establishments in the United States
American food companies
Pasta
Companies based in Ohio
Next Tasmanian state election

The next Tasmanian state election will be held on or before 28 June 2025 to elect all 35 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It will be conducted by the Tasmanian Electoral Commission (TEC).
References
Future elections
Elections in Tasmania
Emily Meade

Emily Meade (born January 10, 1989) is an American actress. She began acting as a child. She played Ella Blake in the science fiction series Fringe in its third season. She played Fang and Leah in the movie My Soul to Take (2010). Meade also acted in other movies.
References
American television actors
American movie actors
1989 births
Living people
Sevenoaks

Sevenoaks is a town near the M25 motorway in Kent, South East England. In 2001 there were 18,588 people living in Sevenoaks.
References
Towns in Kent
My Sister Eileen

My Sister Eileen is a 1955 American musical comedy movie directed by Richard Quine and based on the autobiographical short stories by Ruth McKenney. It stars Janet Leigh, Jack Lemmon, Betty Garrett, Bob Fosse, Dick York, Adelle August and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Other websites
1955 comedy movies
1955 musical movies
American musical comedy movies
Movies based on short stories
Movies directed by Richard Quine
Columbia Pictures movies
Frederick Chien

Fredrick Chien, or Chien Foo (; born 17 February 1935) is a Chinese politician. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China on Taiwan from 1990 to 1996 and president of the Control Yuan from 1999 to 2005.
Chien was born in Hangzhou, Chekiang.
References
1935 births
Living people
Chinese politicians
People from Hangzhou
Dwarf elephant

Dwarf elephants are prehistoric elephants which lived in the Pleistocene period. They are an example of island dwarfism.
Fossil remains of dwarf elephants have been found on the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus, Malta, Crete, Sicily, Sardinia, the Cyclades Islands and Dodecanese islands. Other islands where dwarf elephants have been found are Sulawesi, Flores, Timor and other islands of the Lesser Sundas and the Channel Islands of California.
They are considered to be one of the only elephant of the Mediterranean islands belonging to the mammoth line.
Fossils
Elephants
Jean Martin (pianist)

Jean Martin (7 November 1927 - 7 October 2020) was a French pianist. He was born in Lyon, France.
Martin began a teaching career, starting in Grenoble in 1953. He recorded two albums dedicated to the works of Carl Maria von Weber, five dedicated to Robert Schumann, two to Stephen Heller and Gabriel Faure. In 1970, he played with the Trio Delta with violinist Flora Elphege and cellist Claude Burgos.
Martin died on 7 October 2020 in Paris, aged 92.
References
1927 births
2020 deaths
French pianists
Musicians from Lyon
Page 44

Page 44 is an indie-rock band from England. They have released 3 EPs and 1 demo album and have appeared on television in the United Kingdom. BBC said the band might become "tomorrow's superstars".
References
Other websites
Page 44's MySpace
Page 44 on Facebook
Indie rock bands
English rock bands
Brown (disambiguation)

Brown is a color.
Brown may also refer to:
Places
In the United States
Brown, California, an unincorporated community
Brown, Louisiana, an unincorporated community
Brown, Nevada, a ghost town
Brown, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community
Brown, West Virginia, a former unincorporated community
Brown County, several counties in the United States
Brown Township (disambiguation), several townships in the United States
Elsewhere
Brown (crater), lunar crater
Brown Point, South Australia, Australia
Brown Valley, a valley in Antarctica
Cape Brown (Greenland)
People with the name
Brown (surname), a common surname
List of people with surname Brown
People with the given name
Brown Bannister (born 1951), American contemporary Christian music producer and songwriter, member of the Gospel Hall of Fame
Brown Ferguson (born 1981), Scottish football player and manager
Brown Holmes (1907-1974), American screenwriter
Brown family, of Rhode Island
Arts, entertainment, and media
Music
Brown (Grotus album)
Brown (P.O.D. album)
Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media
"Brown", a Teletubbies episode
Brown 25, a fictitious product from the movie The Groove Tube (1974)
Brown, a brown bear character for the Line chatting app
Cedric, Douglas, and Malcolm Brown, aka the Brown Brothers, characters in the 2016 television series Frontier
Brands and enterprises
Brown, the nickname for United Parcel Service (UPS), originating from the color of its delivery trucks and uniforms
Brown & Brown, an insurance and reinsurance company
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. or BBH, a private bank
Brown Company, defunct American pulp and paper-making company
Brown Shipbuilding, a World War II American shipbuilding company
Military
Fort Brown, Texas, a former US Army post
, two US Navy vessels
Schools and school stadiums
Brown College (disambiguation), several colleges
Brown Field (Valparaiso University), a multi-purpose stadium
Brown University, a private Ivy League university in Providence, Rhode Island
Brown Bears, athletic teams representing Brown University
Brown Stadium, the football and outdoor track stadium of Brown University
Other uses
Brown (racial classification)
Brown v. Board of Education, landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court
Brown Station, an Argentine Antarctic base and scientific research station
Brown-brown, a form of powdered cocaine or heroin
Satyrinae, a subfamily of butterflies commonly called the browns
Browning (partial cooking), the process of partially cooking the surface of meat
Related pages
Keflavík

Keflavik (meaning Driftwood Bay) is a town in the Sudurnes region in southwest Iceland. In 2009 its population was at 8,169 people.
In 1995, the town merged with Njardvik and Hafnir to form the Reykjanesbaer municipality.
History
The town was founded in the 16th century, possibly by Scottish people. Like many other Icelandic towns, the city grew with the help of the fishing industry. The city then continued to grow from flight operations done at the Keflavik International Airport (which was built by the United States during World War II). The airport used to be an important NATO military base and refueling stop for trans-Atlantic flights. It is now Iceland's main airport.
The airport was also used during the Cold War to monitor marine and submarine traffic from the Atlantic Ocean. The base was officially closed on 30 September 2006, when the United States withdrew the remaining 30 military personnel.
In Iceland, Keflavik was known for being a rich source of musicians during the 1960s and 70s, and is therefore also known as bitlabaerinn or "The Beatle Town".
Geography
The town is situated on plenty of basalt ruble. On a clear day, one can see Snaefellsjokull (which is about 115 km away).
Climate
The city has cool summers and moderately cold winters.
References
Other websites
Reykjanesbaer Official Website
Satellite picture by Google Maps
Towns in Iceland
16th-century establishments in Europe
Establishments in Iceland
The Expendables 2

The Expendables 2 is an American action movie. It is the sequel to Sylvester Stallone's 2010 movie, The Expendables. The movie was released in August 17th, 2012. It got many good reviews and did well at the box office. The movie earned $84.2 million in the United States and Canada and $285.7 million worldwide.
Release Dates
Cast
Sylvester Stallone as commander Barney Ross
Jason Statham as Lee Christmas
Jet Li as Yin Yang
Dolph Lundgren as Gunner Jensen
Chuck Norris as Booker
Jean-Claude Van Damme as Jean Vilain
Bruce Willis as Mr. Church
Arnold Schwarzenegger as Trent "Trench" Mauser
Terry Crews as Hale Caesar
Randy Couture as Toll Road
Liam Hemsworth as Billy The Kid
Scott Adkins as Hector
Yu Nan as Maggie
Amanda Ooms as Pilar
Charisma Carpenter as Lacy
Sequel
In March 2012, it was announced that The Expendables 3 might start filming in late 2012, with Sylvester Stallone, Jason Statham, Jet Li and the rest of the cast returning for the third movie.
The Expendables 3, was scheduled to begin filming in August 2013. The film sees the return of several cast members and the addition of new ones including Wesley Snipes, Antonio Banderas, Harrison Ford, and Mel Gibson. The Expendables 3 was released theatrically in the United States on August 15th, 2014.
References
Other websites
American action movies
German action movies
Bulgarian movies
Sequel movies
2012 movies
2012 action movies
Lionsgate movies
Movies directed by Simon West
Took Her to the O

"Took Her to the O" is the third single off of American rapper King Von's mixtape Levon James. The song was released on February 21, 2020.
The song was able to make it to #47 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was also certified 3x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
The song is about Von meeting up with a girl and taking her to the Parkway Gardens complex in Chicago, also known as the O'Block.
A music video for the song was released. In the video, King Von is
rapping to his lawyer about events that took place. Scenes in the music video include Von riding in a car with a woman. He drops the woman off and another man pulls up behind them. The man hits the woman. She runs to Von for help, he gives her phone back and trys to leave. The man picks up a brick and throws it through Von's car window so Von gets out of his car and shoots the man. Von and the woman then drive off.
References
Other websites
2020 songs
Hip hop songs
Candida

Candida is a genus or grouping of yeasts. Yeasts are a type of fungus. This group of fungi are the most common cause of fungus infections in the world. Most people have or are exposed to this group of fungus but are not sick. If a person is weak because of another illness, this fungus can cause disease. Candida albicans is the most common kind of Candida. Infection with this fungus is called candidiasis or thrush. Other species in this group can be found in the human gut.
People can get a blood infection from this fungus.
Medicines called antibiotics do not cure yeast infections. In fact, an antibiotic can make a Candida infection worse. Women can get a Candida infection in their vagina. Men can also get a Candida infection in their genital area. If a person takes antibiotics for a long time, they have a greater chance of having a Candida infection. People with diabetes or HIV are more likely to get a yeast infection.
Role as a pathogen
This fungus can be grown in a lab. Candida looks like large, round, white or cream circles that smell like bread. Candida can be found on almost all healthy skin. Dry skin has less fungus. Small numbers of this fungus are found in other areas of the body. These are the nose, throat and lungs; the digestive system and the vagina. This is normal.
When this fungus causes disease in the mouth it is called thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis). When this fungus causes disease in the female reproductive organs it is called vaginal candidiasis or just 'yeast infection'. Thrush is common in people who wear dentures.
Treatment
In people without other illness, a candida infection can be cured with skin ointment or medicine that can be swallowed. Skin medications can be bought over-the-counter without a doctor's prescription. In people who are already sick, candidiasis can become a very serious illness. It can cause abscess, thrombophlebitis, heart infection (endocarditis. It can cause infections of the eyes or other organs. Candida infection can get into the body through cuts in the skin.
Species
Other medically important Candida species are C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. dubliniensis.
C. albicans
C. ascalaphidarum
C. amphixiae
C. antarctica
C. argentea
C. atlantica
C. atmosphaerica
C. auris
C. blattae
C. bracarensis
C. bromeliacearum
C. carpophila
C. carvajalis
C. cerambycidarum
C. chauliodes
C. corydali
C. dosseyi
C. dubliniensis
C. ergatensis
C. fructus
C. glabrata
C. fermentati
C. guilliermondii
C. haemulonii
C. humilis
C. insectamens
C. insectorum
C. intermedia
C. jeffresii
C. kefyr
C. keroseneae
C. krusei
C. lusitaniae
C. lyxosophila
C. maltosa
C. marina
C. membranifaciens
C. mogii
C. oleophila
C. oregonensis
C. parapsilosis
C. quercitrusa
C. rhizophoriensis
C. rugosa
C. sake
C. sharkiensis
C. shehatea
C. temnochilae
C. tenuis
C. theae
C. tolerans
C. tropicalis
C. tsuchiyae
C. sinolaborantium
C. sojae
C. subhashii
C. viswanathii
C. utilis
C. ubatubensis
C. zemplinina
References
Other websites
Fungi
Indian music

There are lots of different varieties of Indian music. Most of the different types of music are similar to Western music types. Pop, classical, and folk are all included. India's classical music has a history originating hundreds of years back and is still popular in India today, as religious inspiration or pure entertainment. Girl and boy bands are common in India. Farida Vakil founded one of the first female bands in India, The Ladybirds. Like Africa, India has many different ethnic groups, speaking their own languages, and having very distinct cultural traditions.
The tal, or tala, is a repeating rhythm pattern usually played by the tabla. It usually has between six and sixteen beats. The beats are grouped into small sections in the pattern. The first note in the pattern is called a 'sam'. It shows the beginnings and ends of improvisation, so it is often emphasized.
The Raga is also a pattern, but it differs from Western scales or melodies. Ragas are sort of a mix of scales and melodies. They have particular ascending and descending patterns. Ragas are used to symbolize the time of day, season, mood or special occasion.
A drone is a note that's either held or repeated throughout a piece of music. It's usually the tonic note, the starting note. Nowadays, the drone is played by an electrical box, but traditionally, it is played using the tanpura, which is also known as the Tambura.
Improvisation is when the player does not have a prepared piece or an incomplete piece of music, and they make up notes as they play. Improvisation is recognized as a form of composition.
There are 4 types of structure in Indian Music, Alap, Jhor, Jhala and Gat/Bandish. Each of these has different roles in a piece of Indian music.
Alap is the name for the opening part of a piece of classical music from North India. It is a type of melodic improvisation that includes a Raga in it. Only the singer and the drone can be heard at this point.
Jhor is a more elaborate version of the Raga that is included in the Alap. It forms the beginning of the performance. This comes after Alap and before Jhala.
Jhala indicates the fast-paced ending of the Raga. It is often distinguished by the overcoming of the melodic component by the rhythm.
The Gat, or Bandish is a permanent composition set in a specific Raga. It is accompanied by the Tabla, a drone and melodic accompaniment by a sarangi , violin or harmonica.
Entertainment in India