pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Maria Goretti

Saint Maria Goretti (born Ancona, Italy, 1890-1902) is a Roman Catholic saint. She died of stab wounds when she was 11 after an attempted rape, when she refused to submit to her attacker's demands. She is canonizated and remembered in the Catholic church on July 6.
Other websites
Biography at Catholic online
Christian saints
1890 births
1902 deaths
People from Ancona
Naomi Long

Naomi Rachel Long (nee Johnston; born 13 December 1971) is a Northern Irish politician. She has been leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland since 2016. She has again been a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Belfast East since 2020. She has also been minister of Justice in the government of Northern Ireland since 2020.
From 2010 to 2015 she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Westminster constituency of Belfast East. She was the second elected female Lord Mayor of Belfast from 2009 to 2010.
In 2019, she was elected as the Alliance Party candidate for the European Parliament, becoming the first ever Alliance MEP.
References
1971 births
Living people
British mayors
British Protestants
Members of the British House of Commons for Northern Irish constituencies
Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom
LGBT rights activists
MEPs for the United Kingdom
Members of the Northern Ireland Assembly
Northern Irish Christians
Politicians from Belfast
Presbyterians
UK MPs 2010-2015
Marcel Mauron

Marcel Mauron (25 March 1929 - 21 January 2022) was a Swiss footballer and manager. He played as a forward. He played for clubs such as Young Fellows Juventus, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Servette, Neuchatel Xamax and Grenchen. He also played for Switzerland at the 1954 FIFA World Cup.
Mauron died on 21 January 2022, at the age of 92.
References
Other websites
1929 births
2022 deaths
1954 FIFA World Cup players
Swiss football managers
Swiss footballers
Imbabura Volcano

Imbabura is an inactive stratovolcano in northern Ecuador. It has not erupted for at least 14,000 years, it is not thought to be extinct. Imbabura is capped with snow and has no permanent glaciers.
It is covered in volcanic ash. Maize, sugarcane, and beans are all crops of the region. Cattle are also an important commodity.
References
Volcanoes of Ecuador
Rodrigo

Rodrigo (English: Ruderic, Roderic, Roderik, Roderich, or Roderick, ; died 711 or 712) was the Visigothic King of Hispania for a brief period between 710 and 712. He is famous in legend as "the last king of the Goths." In history he actually is an extremely obscure figure about whom little can be said with certainty but that he ruled part of Iberia with opponents ruling the rest and was defeated and killed by invading Muslims who soon conquered the entire peninsula. His widow Egilona is believed to have married Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa, who was later assassinated.
References
History of Spain
Visigothic kings
Inaba Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Tottori Prefecture on the island of Honshu. It was sometimes called .
The province had borders with Harima, Hoki, Mimasaka, and Tajima Provinces.
The ancient capital city of the province was at Tottori city.
History
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Inaba Province were reformed in the 1870s.
Shrines and Temples
Ube jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Inaba.
Related pages
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
References
Other websites
Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Former provinces of Japan
Tottori Prefecture
Penny Singleton

Penny Singleton (September 15, 1908 - November 12, 2003) was an American movie and voice actress. She was known for making the voice of the voice of Jane Jetson in the animated series The Jetsons.
Other websites
1908 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Philadelphia
Anthony Adverse

Anthony Adverse is a 1936 American romantic adventure drama movie directed by Mervyn LeRoy and was based on the 1933 novel of the same name by Hervey Allen. It stars Fredric March, Olivia de Havilland, Claude Rains, Rollo Lloyd, Edmund Gwenn, Anita Louise, Donald Woods and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 4 Academy Awards in 1937.
References
Other websites
1936 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
1930s American adventure movies
Movies based on books
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Michael Curtiz
Movies directed by Mervyn LeRoy
Movies set in Italy
Movies set in Cuba
Chant

A chant is a type of song. It usually repeats, and is used in religious services around the world, as well as by many nonreligious groups.
Musical forms
M1917 Browning machine gun

The M1917 Browning machine gun is a .30-06 Springfield machine gun created by John Browning. It was used in World War I and in World War II. It is a heavy machine gun that weighed around 100 pounds with the tripod and 42 pounds without it.
It is a water-cooled machine gun, which allowed it to fire for a long period of time without it overheating. The water-cooling tank made it much heavier. During World War II, M1917 was mostly replaced by the M1919 because it was lighter and let soldiers move more quickly, but the M1917 was still used often.
Heavy machine guns
Cocquio-Trevisago

Cocquio-Trevisago (; ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about northwest of Milan and about northwest of Varese.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Fernando Lopez

Fernando Hofilena Lopez Sr. (April 13, 1904May 26, 1993) was a Filipino politician. Lopez was Vice President of the Philippines for three terms - under Elpidio Quirino (1949-1953) for the Liberals and Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1969 and 1969-1972) for the Nacionalistas. He was also the chairman of ABS-CBN Corporation from 1986 to his death in 1993.
References
1904 births
1993 deaths
Vice presidents of the Philippines
Presidents pro tempore of the Senate of the Philippines
Filipino mayors
Soul (2020 movie)

Soul is an 2020 American computer-animated comedy movie produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Pixar Animation Studios that has been released by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is directed by Pete Docter. It stars Jamie Foxx, Tina Fey, Questlove, Phylicia Rashad, Daveed Diggs, and Angela Bassett.
Soul was released on December 25, 2020 on Disney+. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature in 2021.
References
2020 comedy movies
2020 computer-animated movies
Pixar movies
Disney+ movies
American animated movies
American comedy movies
Academy Award winning movies
Physical change

A physical change is a type of change in which the form of matter is altered but one substance is not transformed into another. The size or shape of matter may be changed, but no chemical reaction occurs.
All physical changes are reversible and their mass does not change. Some examples are changes of shape, changes of states, and passing electricity through a copper wire. Physical changes could be: melting, freezing, boiling/evaporating, condensing, deposition and sublimation.
Many physical changes also involve the rearrangement of atoms most noticeably in the formation of crystals. Many chemical changes are irreversible, and many physical changes are reversible, but reversibility is not a certain criterion for classification. Although chemical changes may be recognized by an indication such as odor, color change, or production of a gas, every one of these indicators can result from physical change.
Chemistry
Physics
Land and Sons

Land and Sons () is a 1980 Icelandic drama movie directed by Agust Gudmundsson and starring Sigurdur Sigurjonsson, Jon Sigurbjornsson, Jonas Tryggvason.
Other websites
1980 drama movies
Icelandic movies
Movies directed by Agust Gudmundsson
Division of Swan

The Division of Swan is an Australian electoral division located in Western Australia. The division is named after the Swan River.
It was one of the 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. Historically, the electorate was a country seat extending north to Dongara, east to Merredin and south to the coast. New boundaries created a smaller area east of the Darling Range. The old area became the new seat of Moore, while Swan moved to its present position.
It covers the suburbs of Ascot, Beckenham, Belmont, Bentley, Burswood, Cannington, Carlisle, Cloverdale, Como, East Cannington, East Victoria Park, Ferndale, Karawara, Kensington, Kewdale, Langford, Lathlain, Lynward, Manning, Queens Park, Redcliffe, Rivervale, Salter Point, St James, South Perth, Victoria Park, Waterford, Welshpool and Wilson.
Members
Sir John Forrest had been the Premier of Western Australia. His death in 1918 led to a by-election in 1918. Kim Beazley served as a Minister in the Bob Hawke Government. He became Leader of the Opposition from 1996 to 2001, and from 2005 to 2006. He was also Deputy Prime Minister in 1995 and 1996. After retiring from politics he became the Australian Ambassador to the United States.
Election results
References
Other websites
Division of Swan - Australian Electoral Commission
Electoral divisions of Australia
Western Australia
1901 establishments in Australia
Tiger King

Tiger King: Murder, Mayhem and Madness, or simply Tiger King, is a 2020 true crime documentary miniseries. It is about the life of Joe Exotic. It was released on Netflix on March 20, 2020. The series focuses on the conflict of big cat conservationist Carole Baskin, owner of Big Cat Rescue, and collector Exotic.
The show quickly became one of the most watched shows on the Netflix platform. It is most likely the reason for the high amount of views is because of the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic.
References
Other websites
American LGBT television programs
American reality television series
Documentaries
Netflix original series
English-language television programs
Liurana xizangensis

The Xizang eastern frog or Xizang papillae-tongued frog (Liurana xizangensis) is a frog. It lives in Tibet. Scientists have seen it between 3120 and 4100 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of Asia
Linda Thelenius

Linda Thelenius (born Linda Maria Elisabeth Gedin later Linda Rosing 21 January 1974 in Vasteras, Sweden) is a model and was a participant in the 2003 edition of Big Brother in Sweden. In the Big Brother house, she and another participant, Micke, became involved in a relationship which was followed closely by the producers. During the show, she had sex on live TV, making her an instant tabloid celebrity.
Thelenius released her debut single, "Summer Love", in 2004. In 2006, she released her autobiography, Den nakna sanningen ("The naked truth"), written together with journalist and television host Daniel Nyhlen.
In the summer of 2006, Thelenius became the leader of a new political party, 'Unika Partiet', or 'The Unique Party'. This is a so-called non-registered party, meaning that there is no official record of the party. Thelenius was listed as the only candidate for the party, listed as an author on the party ballot. She received 222 votes out of more than 5.6 million votes cast in the election. Thelenius is also famous for her many plastic surgery operations. She has breast implants, has had a facelift, and uses botox injections.
References
the local introducing Linda Rosing
Linda Rosing
1974 births
Living people
Autobiographers
Big Brother contestants
Swedish models
Swedish politicians
1957 Indian presidential election

The Election Commission of India held indirect 2nd presidential elections of India on May 6, 1957. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his re-election with 459,698 votes over his rivals Chowdhry Hari Ramwho got 2,672 votes and Nagendra Narayan Das who got 2,000 votes. Rajendra Prasad, has been the only person, to have won and served two terms, as President of India.
1950s in India
1957
Presidential elections in India
Athol Fugard

Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard OIS (born 11 June 1932) is a South African playwright, novelist, actor, and director. He is best known for his political plays opposing the system of apartheid and for the 2005 Academy Award-winning movie of his novel Tsotsi, directed by Gavin Hood.
Fugard was a professor of playwriting, acting and directing in the Department of Theatre and Dance at the University of California, San Diego. He is also an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
References
Other websites
"Athol Fugard". Faculty profile. Department of Theatre and Dance. University of California, San Diego. (Lists Athol Fugard: Statements: An Athol Fugard site by Iain Fisher as "Personal Website"; see below.)
Athol Fugard at the Internet Off-Broadway Database (IOBDb)
Athol Fugard at Times Topics in The New York Times. (Includes YouTube Video clip of Athol Fugard's Burke Lecture "A Catholic Antigone: An Episode in the Life of Hildegard of Bingen", the Eugene M. Burke C.S.P. Lectureship on Religion and Society, at the University of California, San Diego, introduced by Professor of Theatre and Classics Marianne McDonald, UCSD Department of Theatre and Dance, April 2003 [Show ID: 7118]. 1:28:57 [duration].)
Athol Fugard at WorldCat
"Athol Fugard Biography" - "Athol Fugard", rpt. by bookrags.com (Ambassadors Group, Inc.) from the Encyclopedia of World Biography. ("2005-2006 Thomson Gale, a part of the Thomson Corporation. All rights reserved.")
"Athol Fugard (1932- )" at Britannica Online Encyclopedia (subscription based; free trial available)
1932 births
Living people
South African actors
South African writers
South African activists
Political writers
South African playwrights
South African academics
The Substitute (1996)

The Substitute is a 1996 action and crime-thriller movie. The movie is about high school gangs in an inner-city area. Ernie Hudson plays Principal Claude. Glenn Plummer plays Darrell Sherman.
The movie got mixed to negative review from critics.
Other websites
1996 crime drama movies
1996 thriller movies
American crime drama movies
American crime thriller movies
George Huntington

George Huntington (April 9, 1850 - March 3, 1916) was an American physician. He discovered Huntington's disease. He was born in New York City. Huntington died in Long Island, New York, aged 65.
Other websites
A Brief History of Huntington's Disease from HOPES: Huntington's Disease Outreach Project for Education at Stanford
'History of Medicine Bulletin - The Johns Hopkins University' : Much more biographical information.
1850 births
1916 deaths
American physicians
Scientists from New York City
Alan Hodgkin

Sir Alan Hodgkin, OM, KBE, PRS (Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, 5 February 1914 - 20 December 1998) was an English physiologist and biophysicist. He shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Huxley and John Eccles.
Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley, and John Eccles (for his research on synapses) were jointly awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane". In addition Hodgkin and Huxley's findings led them to suggest the existence of ion channels in cell membranes, which was confirmed decades later.
Hodgkin was knighted (KBE) in 1972 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1973. From 1970 to 1975 he was President of the Royal Society.
References
1914 births
1998 deaths
British biophysicists
British neuroscientists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Order of Merit
Presidents of the Royal Society
British physiologists
Pelvic fin

Pelvic fins or ventral fins are paired fins located on the ventral surface of fish.
Animal anatomy
Davao Region

Davao Region is an administrative region in the Philippines. It is also known as Region XI. Its regional center is Davao City.
There are five provinces: Davao de Oro, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, and Davao Occidental.
References
Regions of the Philippines
Monoclonius

Monoclonius is the doubtful name of a ceratopsid dinosaur. It was a herbivore (plant-eater) It lived in North America during the Upper Cretaceous, about 76 to 73 million years ago.
Monoclonius was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1876, soon after the first fossil specimen had been found in Montana. The specimen was a near complete skeleton with only the feet missing. It included skull material and the base of the nasal horn. Its name means "single stem" and refers to its teeth, which have a single root.
Monoclonius is now regarded as a nominem dubium. It seems to be a juvenile stage of Centrosaurus.
References
Ceratopsids
Conflation

Conflation is what happens when two or more individuals, concepts, or places seem to be a single identity. Although they may share one or more characteristics, the differences somehow seem to be lost.
In logic, conflation is the practice of treating two distinct concepts as if they were one. This produces errors or misunderstandings. The fusion or merge of distinct subjects tends to obscure analysis of relationships which are emphasized by contrasts.
Notes
Other websites
Conflations
Logical fallacies
Jhapa 3 (constituency)

Jhapa 3 () is one of five parliamentary constituencies of Jhapa District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
Incorporated areas
Jhapa 3 incorporates Kachankawal Rural Municipality, Haldibari Rural Municipality, Barhadashi Rural Municipality, ward 10 of Birtamod Municipality and wards 1-8 of Bhadrapur Municipality.
Assembly segments
It encompasses the following Koshi Provincial Assembly segment
Jhapa 3(A)
Jhapa 3(B)
Members of Parliament
Parliament/Constituent Assembly
Provincial Assembly
3(A)
3(B)
Election results
Election in the 2020s
2022 general election
2022 provincial election
3(A)
3(B)
Election in the 2010s
2017 legislative elections
2017 Nepalese provincial elections
3(A)
3(B)
2013 Constituent Assembly election
Election in the 2000s
2008 Constituent Assembly election
Election in the 1990s
1999 legislative elections
1994 legislative elections
1991 legislative elections
See also
List of parliamentary constituencies of Nepal
References
External links
Constituency map of Jhapa
Parliamentary constituencies of Nepal
Autonomous okrugs of Russia

Autonomous okrugs (, avtonomnyy okrug; more correctly called "autonomous districts" or "autonomous areas") are a type of federal subject of Russia. Three of the four autonomous okrugs are legally part of an oblast, but keep some autonomy. These are the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The other autonomous okrug, Chukotka, is not a part of any oblast.
List of Autonomous Okrugs
Former Autonomous Okrugs
References
Related articles
Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union
Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
Federal subjects of Russia
Republics of Russia
Federal subjects of Russia
Ababu

Ababu can be used as both a first name and a last name.
People
Josephat Ababu (born 1980), Kenyan cricketer
Ababu Namwamba (born 1975), Kenyan politician and lawyer
Names
988

988 is a year in the 10th century.
Events
Al-Azhar University is founded in Cairo, Egypt. It is the 2nd oldest university in the world.
Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev marries Anna, sister of Byzantine emperor Basil II and converts to Christianity. Baptism of Kievan Rus'.
Abbo becomes abbot at Fleury
Baile Atha Cliath (Dublin, Ireland) was founded.
Liao Dynasty adopts civil service examinations in the Southern Chancellery based on Tang Dynasty models.
Births
King Edmund II of England, English royal (died 1016)
Tilopa, Indian tantric practitioner and mahasiddha
Deaths
May 19 - Saint Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 909)
Egyptian vulture

The Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) is a small Old World vulture. It is found from southwestern Europe and northern Africa to southern Asia. It is the only living member of the genus Neophron, and there are three subspecies. In Southern Asia this species is called the scavenger vulture.
When they feed on the eggs of other birds, they break larger ones by tossing a large pebble onto them. The use of tools is rare in birds, but Egyptian vultures also use twigs to roll up wool for use in their nest.
References
Accipitriformes
Birds of Africa
Birds of Europe
Birds of Asia
Vultures
Economic system

An economic system is a man-made and malleable system to regulate the production, resource allocation, exchange, and distribution of goods and services in a society or a geographic area.
Trade, money, markets, banks, laws and regulations are all part of an economic system. Examples of economic systems include:
Market economy, where prices are decided by supply and demand.
Socialism \communism, any of the economic ideologies in which the national government owns and manages all or most of the means of production. Most famous is Marxist-Leninism.
Corporatism, where big box corporations hold great influence over the country's economic policies, usually through lobbying.
Laissez-Faire capitalism - Capitalism with very little, if any, state intervention. Also called free market.
barter - economic system common in tribal societies.
References
Partition of Iraq

In the years after the United States invaded Iraq in 2003, some people have said that they support the idea of partitioning Iraq, or dividing Iraq into three (or more) separate parts (a Sunni Arab part, a Shi'a Arab part, and a Kurdish part). These parts could be loosely united as an Iraqi federation or be three separate independent countries.
Support for this idea
Support for the idea of dividing Iraq into three (or more) separate parts came from various prominent Americans and Iraqis, including Joe Biden, Leslie H. Gelb, Edward P. Joseph, Michael E. O'Hanlon, Khamis Khanjar, Atheel al-Nujaifi, Rafaa al-Issawi, Ali Khedery, John Bolton, and Michael J. Totten.
Criticism of this idea
The idea of dividing Iraq has been criticized by Ben Connable. Connable said that none of Iraq's major groups or political factions actually want to divide Iraq and that neither do the Iraqi people. Connable also says that Iran (Iraq's most influential neighbor) does not want to see Iraq get divided and that the United States can't actually do anything to force Iraqi politicians to agree to divide their country into three (or more) separate parts. Connable also says that the new independent countries in the area will be unable to work together if Iraq is divided and that the violence and ethnic cleansing in a partitioned Iraq is likely to be even worse than it is right now. (In a separate article, Robert Mackey likewise argues that the idea of partitioning territories did not have a very good track record in Ireland, India, and Palestine and is thus unlikely to work very well in Iraq either.) Connable also doubts that an independent Shi'a Arab state in southern Iraq would actually want to share any of its oil revenues with a poor, landlocked, and backward independent Sunni Arab state in western Iraq.
References
Gauchin-Verloingt

Gauchin-Verloingt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Owen County, Indiana

Owen County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 21,575 people lived there. The county seat is Spencer.
References
1819 establishments in Indiana
Indiana counties
The Walt Disney Company Latin America

The Walt Disney Company Latin America is one of The Walt Disney Company's international divisions.
References
The Walt Disney Company
La Garde, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

La Garde is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.
References
Communes in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Royal Aircraft Factory SE-5

The Royal Aircraft Factory SE-5 is a British single-engine fighter aircraft. It is a biplane, that was used for World War I. It was used by the Royal Flying Corps from March 1917.
British military aircraft
World War I aircraft
Basra

Basra (lbSr@; Al Basrah) is the third largest city of Iraq with a population of about 2,600,000 (2003). It is the country's main port. Basra played an important role in early Islamic history, and it was the first city built in Islam 14 A.H (after Hijra)
Overview
The city lies at the Shatt al-Arab waterway near the Persian Gulf, from the Persian Gulf and from Baghdad, Iraq's capital and largest city.
Bibliography
Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam. Routledge. 2nd ed, 2000
Vincent, Stephen. Into The Red Zone: A Journey Into the Soul of Iraq. .
Other websites
2003 Basra map (NIMA)
Boomtown Basra
Muhammad and the Spread of Islam by Sanderson Beck
Theological Themes
The Qadariyya, Mu'tazila, and Shi'a
The Textual History of the Qur'an, Arthur Jeffery, 1946
Codex of Abu Musa al-Ashari, Arthur Jeffery, 1936
Cities in Iraq
7th-century establishments in Asia
Establishments in Iraq
636 establishments
Wayne Larrivee

Wayne Larrivee is an American sportscaster. He is the voice of the Green Bay Packers. He has done play by play duties for the Big Ten Network, VERSUS, Westwood One/Dial Global, Chicago Bears, Chicago Bulls, Chicago Cubs, Kansas City Kings, Iowa Hawkeyes football, Missouri Tigers men's basketball, and ESPN Plus.
During a practice round of the 2012 Women's Golf US Open in Kohler, Wisconsin, he asked a fan that what club should be used because a golf ball was in the rough. A fan told him an iron or a wood. Larrivee then said, "You got that narrowed down." Then the fan said, "You rock like Bob Uecker."
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
National Football League broadcasters
College football broadcasters
College basketball broadcasters
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
Schwarzenbruck

Schwarzenbruck is a municipality in Nurnberger Land in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Nurnberger Land
Wannanosaurus

Wannanosaurus is the smallest known ornithischian dinosaur. Its length is estimated at just less than a metre. It lived in the Upper Cretaceous, about 80 million years ago, and was found in Anhui, China.
It is known from a single partial skeleton, including a partial skull roof and lower jaw, an upper leg and lower leg, part of a rib, and other fragments. It was herbivorous, but may also have eaten insects. Wannosaurus means Wanno lizard. It is one of several pachycephalosaurs with flat-topped skulls.
References
Pachycephalosauria
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Heterochromia

Heterochromia means "different colours", and is most used for the description of different coloured eyes. Some people, and animals, have differences between the irises of their eyes. There are many different causes for this condition.
Genetic causes for heterochromia include genetic mosaicism, where changes may take place in the dividing cells leading up to iris formation in the embryo. Or, environmental damage may occur to the eyes. Or, various diseases and medical conditions may result in changes in eye colour.
Similar events may happen in other tissues, and sometimes result in visible tissue differences. However, the condition is most easily seen in the iris of the eye. The terms Hetrochromia iridis (= different colour of the iris), Heterochromia iridum (plural form) and Heterochromia iridium (a mistake in Latin grammar) are variously used when it is the eye colour which is specifically mentioned.
Eye
Hudson, Massachusetts

Hudson is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, with a total population of 20,092 as of the 2020 census.
References
Towns in Massachusetts
Boulton Paul Defiant

The Boulton Paul Defiant was a British fighter aircraft. This single-engine, aircraft first in August 1937 and was used by the British Royal Air Force in World War II.
Defiants were different to other fighter planes because their guns (four Machine guns) were in a rotating turret and could fire in any direction. They had two crew: one man was the pilot and the other aimed the guns.
Defiants were made to shoot down enemy bomber aircraft. When they were used during the Battle of Britain, they were good at this. But they were slower and could not turn as well as German fighter planes, like the Messerschmitt Bf 109. A lot of Defiants were shot down by German fighters.
After the Battle of Britain, the British only flew Defiants at night. In this way they could attack the German bombers that also flew at night, and avoid the German fighters because they only flew during the day.
Today, only one Defiant is left in the world; it is in a museum in London.
World War II British aircraft
Royal Air Force aircraft
Rafael Caro Quintero

Rafael Caro Quintero (born October 24, 1952) is a Mexican drug lord. He co-founded the Guadalajara Cartel with Miguel Angel Felix Gallardo and other drug traffickers in the late 1970s. He is also the founder and suspected current leader of the newly formed Caborca Cartel.
Caro Quintero lost his final appeal to avoid extradition to the United States on March 27, 2021.
The United States is offering a 20-million-dollar reward for information leading to his capture.
References
1952 births
Living people
People from Sinaloa
Mexican drug lords
2020 United States Senate election in Rhode Island

An election happened on November 3, 2020, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the U.S. state of Rhode Island. The two people in the election were Jack Reed (Democratic Party) and Allen Waters (Republican Party). Waters was not liked by the Republican Party after people said he did domestic violence. Reed won the election and stayed as Senator.
Primary elections happened on September 8, 2020. Both the Democratic and Republican Party primary elections had only one person in them.
Democratic Party primary
Republican Party primary
Results
References
2020 United States Senate elections
Rhode Island
Bergisches Land

The Bergisches Land is a low mountain range in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, east of Rhine river, south of the Ruhr. The landscape has woods, meadows, rivers and creeks and contains over 20 artificial lakes. Wuppertal is one of the biggest towns and is known as the region's capital, and the southern part nowadays has closer economic and socio-cultural ties to Cologne. Wuppertal and the neighbouring cities of Remscheid, Solingen form the Bergisches Stadtedreieck.
References
Mountain ranges of Germany
Geography of North Rhine-Westphalia
Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport

The Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport is a UK cabinet position with responsibility for the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. The role was created in 1992 by John Major as Secretary of State for National Heritage. It took on its current title on 3 July 2017. The first to fill the role, David Mellor dubbed it "Minister for Fun".
Members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom
British culture
Les Auxons

Les Auxons is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2015 and consists of the former communes of Auxon-Dessus (the seat) and Auxon-Dessous.
References
2015 establishments in France
Communes in Doubs
Eduardo Saverin

Eduardo Luiz Saverin (; ; born March 19, 1982) is a Brazilian Internet entrepreneur and "angel" investor. Saverin is one of the co-founders of Facebook. , he owns 53 million Facebook shares (approximately 0.4% of all outstanding shares) and has a net worth of $10.3 billion, according to Forbes. He has also invested in early-stage startups such as Qwiki and Jumio.
In what was seen by some as a move to avoid U.S. taxes, Saverin renounced (gave up) his U.S. citizenship in September 2011. According to Saverin, he renounced his citizenship because of his "interest in working and living in Singapore" where he has been since 2009. He avoided an estimated $700 million in capital gains taxes; this generated some media attention and controversy. Saverin denies that he left the U.S. to avoid paying taxes.
References
1982 births
Living people
American businesspeople
Businesspeople from Sao Paulo
People who lost citizenship
Noel Ignatiev

Noel Ignatiev (; December 27, 1940 - November 9, 2019) was an American author and historian. He was best known for his work on race and social class and for his call to end "whiteness".
Ignatiev was the co-founder of the New Abolitionist Society and co-editor of the journal Race Traitor, which pushed for the idea that "treason to whiteness is loyalty to humanity"
He also wrote a book on antebellum northern xenophobia against Irish immigrants, How the Irish Became White. His publisher called him as "one of America's leading and most controversial historians".
Ignatiev died from an intestine infection at a hospital in Tucson, Arizona on November 9, 2019 at the age of 78.
References
Other websites
The New Abolitionist Society
Race Traitor
Sojourner Truth Organization archive
1940 births
2019 deaths
American historians
American political writers
Educators from Philadelphia
Writers from Philadelphia
Corinth, Texas

Corinth is a city in Denton County, Texas, United States. It is a suburb of Dallas and a part of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. The population was 19,935 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Texas
Djembe

The djembe (pronounced ZHEM-bey) is one of the best-known African drums. It originally came from West Africa.
It is shaped like a large goblet and played with the bare hands. The drum's body is carved from a hollowed trunk. The drum head is made of goatskin.
Drums
Folk instruments
Sandstone

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. It is a rock made of compacted sand. Sand is small grains of rocks and minerals (such as quartz and feldspar). These are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust.
Sandstone which is resistant to weathering is used for building in many countries. It can be a hard rock. For example, paving slabs can be made out of hard sandstone.
Sandstone is converted into quartzite through heating and pressure. This happens when rocks are squeezed and heated under a mountain chain.
Origin
Sandstone forms in two stages. First, layers of sand build up as sediment, either from water or from air (as in a desert).
Then sand particles are compacted by pressure of overlying deposits, and cemented ('glued' together). The 'cement' is either calcite (calcium carbonate), quartz (silica), or clay. Iron oxide often makes sandstone a reddish colour.
Related pages
Old Red Sandstone was laid down in marine conditions. It is a sort of dirty dark red. Devonian period.
New Red Sandstone was laid down in desert conditions. It is a rock which is fairly bright orange-red in colour. Permian period.
Notes
Sullivan, Indiana

Sullivan is a city in Indiana in the United States.
Cities in Indiana
County seats in Indiana
John D. Ong

John Doyle Ong (born September 29, 1933) is an American business executive and politician. He was the United States Ambassador to Norway from 2002 to 2005 during the George W. Bush presidency. Ong was born in Uhrichsville, Ohio.
References
1933 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Norway
Politicians from Ohio
Businesspeople from Ohio
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lansing, Illinois

Lansing is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Division of Lyons

The Division of Lyons is an Australian electoral division in Tasmania. It was set up in 1984 is named for Joseph Lyons, Prime Minister of Australia 1931-39, Member for Wilmot from 1929 to 1939, and his wife Dame Enid Lyons. Dame Enid was the first woman elected to the Australian House of Representatives in 1943 and the first female member of Cabinet (1949-51).
It is covers an area of 32,910 km2 central Tasmania, stretching from the eastern to western coasts and includes such places as New Norfolk, Deloraine and St Marys.
Members
Election results
References
Other websites
Division of Lyons - Australian Electoral Commission
Eric Hutchinson's website
Electoral divisions of Australia
1984 establishments in Australia
Andrés Pila

Andres Manuel Pila Solano is an archer from Colombia. He was born on 11 May 1991. Pila competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
References
Other websites
Colombian archers
Colombian Olympians
Living people
1991 births
Space Race

The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War enemies, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), to achieve better spaceflight capability than the other. It had its origins in the intercontinental ballistic missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations following World War II. Both governments saw having better spaceflight technology as necessary for national security. The Space Race enabled the first launches of artificial satellites, uncrewed space probes to the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and ultimately to the Moon.
The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites during the "International Geophysical Year" (July 1, 1957 to December 31, 1958), by declaring they would also launch a satellite "in the near future". The Soviet Union achieved the first successful artificial satellite launch on October 4, 1957 of Sputnik 1, and sent the first human to space with the orbital flight of Yuri Gagarin on April 12, 1961. The USSR demonstrated an early lead in the race with these and other early firsts over the next few years, including flight durations measured in days instead of hours, the first multi-person crewed spaceflight, and the first spacewalk.
But the USSR lost its early lead after US president John F. Kennedy raised the stakes by setting a goal of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth". American spaceflight capability overtook that of the Soviets with flights up to two weeks long; two craft meeting in space (rendezvous) and joining (docking); astronauts working outside spacecraft; and using high-energy liquid hydrogen as rocket fuel in the Saturn family of rockets. Kennedy's Moon landing goal was acheived in July 1969, with the flight of Apollo 11, which sent and returned three men and landed two of them, a singular achievement far outweighing any combination of Soviet achievements. The USSR pursued two crewed lunar programs, but failed to develop a launch vehicle powerful enough to land one human on the Moon before the US, and eventually canceled them to concentrate on Earth orbital space stations, while the US landed five more Apollo crews on the Moon.
A period of detente followed with the April 1972 agreement on a co-operative Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), resulting in the July 1975 rendezvous in Earth orbit of a US astronaut crew with a Soviet cosmonaut crew and joint development of an international docking standard APAS-75. Apollo-Soyuz began a period of transition from the Space Race to an age of US / Russian space cooperation by December 1991, when the dissolution of the Soviet Union brought the end of the Cold War and enabled the Shuttle-Mir and International Space Station programs between the US and the newly founded Russian Federation.
References
Other websites
The Space Race
Space Race -Citizendium
Spaceflight
1950s in the United States
1960s in the United States
1950s in the Soviet Union
Ptahhotep

Ptahhotep sometimes known as Ptahhotep I or Ptahhotpe, was an ancient Egyptian who served his pharaoh during the late 25th century BC in Egypt's history.
He wrote The Maxims of Ptahhotep, an early piece of Egyptian "wisdom literature" meant to instruct young men.
Further reading
Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, Blackwell Publishing, 1992
Other websites
Ancient Egyptians
3rd millennium BC in Egypt
3rd millennium BC works
Soul food

Soul food is an group ethnic foods traditionally made and eaten by African Americans, coming from the Southern United States. Soul food originated during slavery. White slave owners would feed their slaves unwanted parts of a animal such as chitterlings.
Related pages
Cuisine of the Southern United States
American food
Jorge López Montaña

Jorge Lopez Montana (born 19 September 1978) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Real Zaragoza.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Logrones||rowspan="2"|Segunda Division||9||2
|-
|1998/99||5||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Villarreal||Segunda Division||29||7
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|La Liga||35||8
|-
|2001/02||34||7
|-
|2002/03||36||8
|-
|2003/04||Valencia||La Liga||26||4
|-
|2004/05||Mallorca||La Liga||29||1
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Valencia||rowspan="2"|La Liga||5||0
|-
|2006/07||14||0
|-
|2007/08||Racing Santander||La Liga||35||6
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Real Zaragoza||Segunda Division||38||7
|-
|2009/10||La Liga||||
295||50
295||50
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Agnostic theism

Agnostic theism is a belief that uses ideas from both agnosticism and theism. Agnostic theists say that one or more gods exist, and so in that respect is not like agnosticism. However, it regards the basis of this belief as unknown.
Theology
Search algorithm

A search algorithm is a method for finding a target value within a list. It checks each element of the list for the target value until a match is found or until all the elements have been searched.
Linear search is rarely practical because other search algorithms and schemes, such as the binary search algorithm and hash tables, allow significantly faster searching for all but short lists.
Searching and sorting algorithms
Dominique de Villepin

Dominique Marie Francois Rene Galouzeau de Villepin (born November 14, 1953), simply known as Dominique de Villepin, was Premier (or Prime Minister) of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007. He was made Premier by Jacques Chirac after the French President removed Jean-Pierre Raffarin from the premiership. Raffarin failed to gain the support of the French people for the European Constitution.
Dominique de Villepin said that his government's most important task would be job creation. He knew that the French people were concerned about the condition of the French economy. This was one of the reasons they had voted against the European Constitution in the referendum on 29 May 2005.
On 15 May 2007, the last full day of President Jacques Chirac's term, Villepin gave his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President. He was replaced two days later by Francois Fillon.
References
1953 births
Living people
Alumni of the Institut d'etudes politiques de Paris
French diplomats
French lawyers
Government ministers of France
Prime Ministers of France
Gardēz

Gardez (, Persian: grdyz) is the capital of the Paktia province of Afghanistan. There are about 70,000 people who live in the Province. Most of the people are Pashtun.
References
Cities in Afghanistan
Grace (style)

His Grace or Her Grace is a style of address used for various high-ranking persons. It was the style used to address the King or Queen of Scots up to the Act of Union of 1707. It was also used to address monarchs of England before Henry VIII. Today, the style is used when referring to dukes and duchesses in the United Kingdom, who are not members of the royal family. Your Grace would be used in spoken or written address. Royal dukes, for example The Duke of York, are addressed with their higher royal title, Royal Highness.
Examples
His Grace The Duke of Ormonde.
His Grace The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
His Grace The Duke of Marlborough. The title of the Spencer-Churchill family from which Winston Churchill descends.
His Grace The Duke of Bedford.
Ecclesiastical usage
The style "His Grace" and "Your Grace" is used in England and other English-speaking countries to address Roman Catholic archbishops. This is not common in other countries (for example in France and the United States Roman Catholic bishops are addressed using the style "Excellency"). In the Eastern Orthodox Church it is used for bishops and abbots. The style is also used for an archbishop and some bishops in the Anglican Church. In the United Methodist Church in the United States, bishops are addressed "Your Grace" (spoken style, and "His/Her Grace" (reference style). In the Church of God in Christ, the Presiding Bishop's style is "His Holy Grace" and "Your Holy Grace". The bishop's reference style is "His Eminence" and the spoken style is "Your Eminence".
International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON--Hare Krishna) devotees prefix the name of their founder, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, with "His Divine Grace".
In Islam several Sufi orders (such as the Qadrianis and Hawariyun) may refer to their spiritual Grand Masters with the epithet "(Most) Graceful ..." or "His Grace" in reference style while the spoken style is "(Most) Graceful".
Other British dukedoms that use the style
Lennox
Rutland
Richmond
Rutland
Norfolk
Portland
Grafton
Devonshire
Somerset
Westminster
Bedford
Notes
References
Styles (manners of address)
Himalayan snowcock

The Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayensis) is a snowcock in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds.
Birds of Asia
Birds of Pakistan
Phasianidae
List of Rwanda Twenty20 International cricketers

This is a list of Rwanadan Twenty20 International cricketers who have played Twenty20 International cricket for Rwanda.
Key
List of players
Statistics are correct as of 23 December 2022.
References
Lists of Twenty20 International cricketers
Rwanda Twenty20 International cricketers
Cricket in Africa
Africa sport-related lists
Geoff Case

Geoff Case (18 September 1935 - 22 June 2018) was an Australian rules footballer. He played in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was born in Victoria, Australia.
Case was a tough midfielder and played his 122 VFL games for Melbourne, which included the 1955, 1957, 1959 and 1960 winning grand finals. He also represented the VFL, but retired at the relatively young age of just twenty-six in 1962.
Case died on 22 June 2018 in Melbourne at the age of 82.
References
1935 births
2018 deaths
Australian rules footballers
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
Palestinian Medical Relief Society

Palestinian Medical Relief Society (PMRS) is a community based non-profit health-organization in Palestine. It was established in 1979 by a group of Palestinian doctors and health professionals. Its main objective is to improve the overall physical, mental, and social well being of all Palestinians, irrespective of their racial, political, social, economic status.
References
1979 establishments in Asia
Non-profit organizations of Asia
Organizations based in Palestine
Cham (district)

Cham is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany.
The district is located in the northern parts of the Bavarian Forest.
Towns and municipalities
References
Frank Ocean

Christopher Francis Ocean (born Christopher Edwin Breaux; October 28, 1987), known professionally as Frank Ocean, is an American singer, songwriter, and rapper. He was born in Long Beach, California and moved to New Orleans, Louisiana when he was five. Ocean made an early career as a ghostwriter for artists such as Brandy, Justin Bieber, Beyonce, and John Legend. In 2010, he became a member of Odd Future. His first mixtape, Nostalgia, Ultra, was released in 2011.
In 2012, BBC said that Ocean finished second place in its Sound of 2012 poll. Ocean appeared at Coachella. He was scheduled for Lollapalooza at the end of his 2012 summer tour. His first studio album, channel ORANGE, was a digital download only on iTunes for one week. Then it was a full release on July 17, 2012. It was nominated for six Grammy Awards.
Ocean won the 2013 Brit Award for International Male Solo Artist.
In August 2016, Ocean released his second studio album, Blonde.
Personal life
Ocean was one of the first major hip-hop/R&B artists to say that he had a same-sex relationship.
Discography
Albums
Channel Orange (2012)
Endless (2016)
Blonde (2016)
Awards and nominations
Notes
References
1987 births
Living people
African-American singers
American R&B singers
Brit Award winners
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from California
LGBT people from Louisiana
LGBT singers
LGBT songwriters
Singers from New Orleans
Musicians from New Orleans
Musicians from Long Beach, California
Singers from Los Angeles County, California
American bloggers
Serres, Hautes-Alpes

Serres is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
References
Communes in Hautes-Alpes