pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Recording Industry Association of Japan

The is a Japanese trade group in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association. It got its current name in 1969.
The RIAJ promotes music sales, enforces the Japanese copyright, and researches the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual RIAJ Year Book. This is a statistical summary of each year's music sales, plus other data.
The headquarters are in the Minato section of Tokyo, Japan. The RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members. Some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere.
The Association certifies gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan.
Related pages
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers (JASRAC)
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP)
Other websites
https://www.riaj.or.jp/ - Official website of RIAJ
1942 establishments
Japanese music
Music industry
Tokyo
Union City, California

Union City is a city in Alameda County, California. Union City formed in the year 1959. The population of Union City was 70,143 in 2020.
References
Cities in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Settlements in Alameda County, California
Heinz Hermann Thiele

Heinz Hermann Thiele (2 April 1941 - 23 February 2021) was a German businessman. He was the chairman of Knorr-Bremse AG and Vossloh. At the time of his death, he was also the largest shareholder in the German carrier Lufthansa AG.
With a net worth of $20.2 billion, he was the fourth richest person in Germany at the time of his death.
Thiele died on 23 February 2021 in Munich at age 79.
References
1941 births
2021 deaths
German businesspeople
People from Mainz
Coat of arms of Guatemala

The emblem of Guatemala was adopted in 1871. It comprises:
A wreath of bay laurel branches, the symbol for victory;
The resplendent quetzal, a bird that symbolizes liberty;
A parchment scroll on which is written LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 in gold (15 September 1821 is the date of Central America's independence from Spain);
Two crossed Remington rifles with bayonets indicating Guatemala's willingness to defend itself by force if need be;
Two crossed swords, representing honor.
The emblem was designed by Swiss artist and engraver Johan-Baptist Frener, who lived in Guatemala from 1854 until his death in 1897.
The emblem also appears on the middle third of the flag of Guatemala. The quetzal previously appeared in the flag of Los Altos, Central America in the 1830s.
Other websites
Guatemala - Coat of Arms at Flags of the World
Guatemala
National symbols of Guatemala
Chappaquiddick Island

Chappaquiddick is a place in Massachusetts, in the United States. It became famous because of a fatal car accident involving Edward Kennedy in 1969.
Other websites
Martha's Vineyard Vacation Tips
Chappy Ferry website
Chappaquiddick Wampanoag
Mytoi Gardens
Wasque Reservation
Islands of the United States
Geography of Massachusetts
Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp

The Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp are a Minor League Baseball team from Jacksonville, Florida. They play baseball at the Triple-A (AAA) level, the most difficult level before Major League Baseball, against other baseball teams in the International League (a group of 20 baseball teams at the same level). The Jumbo Shrimp are partnered with the Miami Marlins, a Major League Baseball team. When a player shows that he plays well at this level, he may be moved up to play for the Marlins.
The team started playing baseball in 1962 as the Jacksonville Suns. They did not play in 1969, but they did play from 1970 to 1984. The team changed their name to the Jacksonville Expos in 1985. They changed it back to Suns in 1991. In 2017, they changed their name to "Jumbo Shrimp" because lots of shrimp are caught in the area.
The Jumbo Shrimp have played at a stadium called 121 Financial Ballpark since 2003. Before that, they played at Sam W. Wolfson Baseball Park.
References
Other websites
The team's website
The team's statistics from Baseball-Reference
1960s establishments in Florida
Baseball teams in the United States
Jacksonville, Florida
Miami Marlins
Magnon

A magnon in physics is a quasiparticle with magnetic properties. It is not a thing which exists on its own in free space but exists only within the structure being studied usually a crystalline solid.
Each atom in a solid has a magnetic field generated by its electrons as they spin. If these spins all align then the solid becomes magnetic at the bulk everyday level. Usually they do not align and the magnetic field of individual atoms cancel each other out.
Individual atoms can have their spin reversed by interaction with energy from elsewhere. A spin reversal itself can influence the spin of the electrons in neighbouring atoms. A wave of change in electron spins can then move through the electrons in the crystal lattice as it dissipates like waves on a pool of water. Since the electrons are very small and governed by quantum mechanics, this wave, can be treated as though it is a number of particle like entities. These are magnetic quasi particles or magnons.
Quantum mechanics
Magnetism
Gran Premio Latinoamericano

The Gran Premio Latinoamericano also named Gran Premio Asociacion Latinoamericana de Jockey Clubes e Hipodromos is a horse-race for thoroughbreds of the South American hypodromes. This is the main competition of the OSAF - South American Organization for the Promotion of the Thoruoughbred. At present, OSAF is made up of the most important South American Jockey Clubs, Horseracing Institutions, Breeders' Associations, and Stud Books. Panama in 2009 and Mexico in 2011 was admitted to the Asociacion Latinoamericana de Jockey Clubes e Hipodromos and their hypodromes can feature these races in the next years.
This race is for 3 years old or more thoroughbreds. The distance is 2000 metres, but in 2012 is 2100 metres. In the year of 2012 the race will be on 10 March at Hipodromo de Palermo, Buenos Aires.
Winners
Notes
References
Other websites
2008 Edition, at Monterrico, Peru
Horse racing
Sport in Argentina
1981 establishments in South America
Larry Livermore

Larry Livermore (born 1947) is an American musician, record producer, and music journalist. He is best known as the founder of Lookout! Records.
1947 births
Living people
American journalists
American record producers
Musicians from Detroit
Writers from Michigan
Hollow Earth

The Hollow Earth is a concept proposing that the planet Earth is entirely hollow or contains a substantial inner space. Edmond Halley suggested this in the late 17th century. Pierre Bouguer in tried to prove this idea false, in 1740. Charles Hutton could falsify the idea in his Schiehallion experiment around 1774.
It was still occasionally defended through the mid 19th century, notably by John Cleves Symmes Jr. and Jeremiah N. Reynolds, but by this time was part of popular pseudoscience and no longer a scientifically viable hypothesis.
The concept of a hollow Earth still recurs in folklore and as the premise for subterranean fiction, and a subgenre of adventure fiction (Journey to the Center of the Earth, At the Earth's Core).
Hollow Earth is also used in Godzilla vs. Kong as a major plot point.
References
Pseudoscience
Oat milk

Oat milk is a type of grain milk. It is made by blending whole grain oats with water and optional flavours. Its glycemic index is similar to regular oats.
Sales
As of 2020, the value of the oat milk market is about US$3.7 billion.
References
Oats
Milk substitutes
Pogradec District

The District of Pogradec is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is part of Korce County. There are 70,575 people. The capital is Pogradec.
References
Districts of Albania
Hurricane Earl (2010)

Hurricane Earl was an intense and long-lived hurricane that was also the first such storm to threaten New England since Hurricane Bob nineteen years earlier. The storm's center passed eighty six miles east of North Carolina on September 3, 2010. The storm then moved northeast, eventually being downgraded to tropical storm status and then becoming a hurricane again shortly before the storm made landfall in Nova Scotia. Before lashing the eastern United States, the hurricane passed extremely close to the Leeward Islands; the damage there totaled $40 million (2010 USD).
2010 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in the United States
Hyoscyamus niger

Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), also known as stinking nightshade, is a plant of the family Solanaceae that originated in Eurasia, but it is now found everywhere. It is poisonous and should not be eaten.
References
Plants of Asia
Plants of Pakistan
Solanaceae
Wang Yanan

Wang Yanan (born 8 September 1991) is a Chinese female Paralympic sitting volleyball player. She is part of the China women's national sitting volleyball team. She competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics winning the gold medal, and 2016 Summer Paralympics winning the silver medal.
References
1991 births
Living people
Chinese sitting volleyball players
Chinese Paralympic gold medalists
Chinese Paralympic silver medalists
Pepper&Carrot

Pepper&Carrot is an open source webcomic series. Its author is the French artist David Revoy. The series consists of small episodes about teenage witch Pepper and her cat Carrot. The comic is translated into more than 28 different languages. The stories do not contain violence. That's because Revoy wants Pepper&Carrot to be accessible for everyone.
Revoy says he makes the series only with free software, such as Krita and Inkscape. You can download Krita source files for every image.
License
Anyone can use the images. They are available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Revoy says he likes fanart and other works based on Pepper&Carrot.
List of episodes
Revoy aims to draw one episode every month.
Funding
Revoy wants to change the comic book industry by removing intermediate steps in the production process. Pepper&Carrot is free, but Revoy lets people support him on the Patreon crowdfunding platform. You can sign up to give a small amount of money per episode that he makes. Patreon takes 5% of the money. The credit card companies take another part. This is still less than a traditional comic production, where the publisher, distributors and retailers want money.
References
Webcomics
Marie Neurath

Marie Neurath (27th May 1898 - 10. October 1986, aged 87) was a German Illustrator. Before marrying, she was called Marie Reidemeister. Neuratrh studied mathemathics and physics, in Gottingen. She also went to an art shool. She met Otto Neurath, and became his assistant in Vienna, before marrying him. The Dollfuss regime closed the instutue, and the couple fled to the Netherlands, and then to England.
Today, Neurath is mostly credited for starting Isotype. Isotype is a standarized system of illustrations, called pictograms. There are rules, how to combine these pictugrams, called a grammar. Neurath founded the Isotype institute with her husband in 1942. She continued it, until the 1970s, after her husband died in 1945. She also wrote some children's books, where she used illustrations toeducate the childrten.
Isotype was originally developed to illustrate statistics, and to make them easier to understand.
German illustrators
1898 births
1986 deaths
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit

Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (often shortened to Law & Order: SVU) is an American television spin-off of the original police drama series Law & Order which is set in New York City, inside the fictional 16th precinct of Manhattan.
Cast
Christopher Meloni as Elliot Stabler
Mariska Hargitay as Olivia Benson
Richard Belzer as John Munch
Dann Florek as Donald Cragen
Michelle Hurd as Monique Jeffries
Stephanie March as Alexandra Cabot
Ice-T as Odafin "Fin" Tutuola
B.D. Wong as George Huang
Diane Neal as Casey Novak
Tamara Tunie as Melinda Warner
Adam Beach as Chester Lake
Michaela McManus as Kim Greylek
Danny Pino as Nick Amaro
Kelli Gaddish as Amanda Rollins
Raul Esparza as Rafael Barba
Peter Scanavino as Dominick "Sonny" Carisi Jr.
Philip Winchester as Peter Stone
Jamie Grey Hyder as Katriona "Kat" Tamin
Demore Barnes as Christian Garland
Octavio Pisano as Joe Velasco
Other websites
Official websites for the show from NBC
1999 American television series debuts
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American crime drama television series
American police television series
NBC network shows
Television series set in New York City
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Where the Red Fern Grows

Where the Red Fern Grows is a 1961 novel by American author Wilson Rawls. It is about the friendship between a boy and two Redbone Coonhound hunting dogs.
Plot
This story takes place on a farm near the Ozark mountain range. The narrator, Billy Coleman, saves a Redbone Coonhound from a dog fight. He helps it recover from its wounds. He sets it free. He remembers his past. He then tells the story of how he had owned two Redbone Coonhounds when he was a boy.
As a little boy, Billy had always wanted puppies since he was ten years old. His parents tell him they don't have enough money for puppies. He decides to earn the money himself. For two years, he works many different jobs. He saves $50. His grandfather helps him order two Redbone Coonhounds. The mail does not deliver the puppies, so Billy goes to get them. He walks to Tahlequah, Oklahoma. He sees how different the city life is from his country life at home. He buys gifts for his family there. He picks up his puppies. On the way back home, he sleeps in a cave on a mountain. He hears the roar of a mountain lion. The puppies answer the roar with their howls. They scare off the lion. The next morning, Billy and the dogs return home. On the way, he sees a sycamore tree with the names Dan and Ann on it. He decides to name the puppies Old Dan and Little Ann.
Billy trains his dogs to become hunting dogs. They often mess up. Billy does not give up and continues to encourage them. He soon makes a strong loving bond with his dogs. In the end, Billy's dogs grow ill and weak and later die. He buries them on his family's farm to remember them. Soon, Billy sees a red fern growing over his dogs' graves. He sees the red fern as a symbol of the love that kept him and his dogs together.
References
Other websites
SparkNotes: Where the Red Fern Grows
1961 books
Children's books
American novels
Comiskey Park

Comiskey Park was a baseball park in Armour Square, Chicago, Illinois. For more than 80 years, it was the home field of the Major League Baseball team called the Chicago White Sox. It was opened in the middle of the 1910 baseball season, and closed after the end of the 1990 season. It was replaced by the park now known as Guaranteed Rate Field, which was built across the street to the south of Comiskey Park. The old ballpark was made of steel, concrete and bricks. It was fully destroyed in summer 1991.
Sources
Green Cathedrals, by Philip J. Lowry
Major League Baseball venues
Chicago White Sox
Sports buildings in Chicago
1910 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Illinois
1991 disestablishments in the United States
1990s disestablishments in Illinois
Cambrian

The Cambrian is the first geological period of the Palaeozoic era and the Phanerozoic eon. It lasted from 541 million years ago to 485.4 million years ago. Before it came the Ediacaran, and after it the Ordovician.
Biologists have learnt quite a lot about the soft parts of Cambrian animals. This is because places have been found where soft parts of organisms are preserved as well as their more resistant shells. This means our understanding of the Cambrian biota is better than that of some later periods.
Life on Earth changed greatly during the Cambrian period. Before the Cambrian, life was mostly small and simple. Complex organisms (metazoa) evolved during the Proterozoic era. But during the Cambrian period, some organisms used carbonate minerals for shells, so they had hard parts which could become fossils. There were many different kinds of life during the Cambrian period. This increase in the diversity of lifeforms was relatively rapid, and is called the Cambrian explosion. This adaptive radiation produced the first members of the main groups of animals, called phyla.
Almost all of this new life was in the oceans. There was little life on land except a layer of microbes. There were shallow seas near several continents, because a supercontinent called Pannotia had broken into smaller pieces. The seas were warm, and there was no ice at the North and South Pole. Many animals with hard shells appeared for the first time during the beginning of the Cambrian.
Change in the sea floor
At the start of the Cambrian, the earlier animals (the Ediacaran biota) may have become extinct. It seems these older life forms were affected by new types which burrowed into the sea floor. This changed the conditions of life for the older types. The burrowing must have disturbed the mat of bacteria and algae which covered the sea-floor. About this time we find the first examples of many phyla. There are also some fossil traces on what was land at the time, so perhaps a few Cambrian organisms did leave the water.
Fossils
Fossils from the Cambrian period sometimes show what the soft parts were like, unlike most fossils where the soft parts disappear. Fossils from the Burgess Shale in Ontario, Canada are examples of fossils with soft parts. Here are some life forms that first appeared in the Cambrian period, with the oldest ones first:
First Cnidaria, and probable annelids, about 580 million years ago, in the Ediacaran period.
Small shelly fossils (SSF), including first molluscs and brachiopods, about 537 million years ago.
First trilobites, about 526 million years ago.
First echinoderms, about 522 million years ago.
First crustaceans, about 510 million years ago.
It is not always clear which phylum a fossil should be put into. So there are some fossils which are still being discussed, years after they were discovered.
References
Jewish Virtual Library

Jewish Virtual Library (JVL) is an online encyclopedia published by the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (the AICE). Established in 1993, it is a comprehensive website covering Israel, the Jewish people, and Jewish culture.
History
The website was first made in the late 1990s. It was first called The Jewish Student Online Research Center (JSOURCE).According to the website, the Library covers material that cannot be found anywhere else in the world, such as information about projects where the United States and Israel worked together, and how Americans were treated during the Holocaust. It explains that it got permission to use materials from the Library of Congress, from the American Jewish Historical Society, the Anti-Defamation League, the Simon Wiesenthal Center, the Israeli Foreign Ministry, and Prime Minister's Office, Rabbi Joseph Telushkin (author of Jewish Literacy), and dozens of other sources.
It has more than 13,000 articles and 6,000 photographs and maps about Jewish history, Israel, U.S.-Israel relations, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism, and Judaism. The website has all of the words of the Tanakh. The Jewish Virtual Library also has the Israel advocacy text "Myths and Facts", edited by Mitchell Bard, in several languages.
Critical reception
John Jaeger, in an article published by the Association of College and Research Libraries, said of the Jewish Virtual Library:
"This library, once it is entered, is more like a living encyclopedia than it is anything else. One has options to click on, such as history, women, biography, politics, Israel, maps, and Judaic Treasures at the Library of Congress, with each launching a person into a different realm. The site is extremely well put together.
Karen Evans of Indiana State University wrote that the site covers many different topics, with "easily accessible, balanced information".
The Jewish Virtual Library has been used as a source by CNN, New York Times, BBC, CBS News, Fox News, The Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Business Week, and Bloomberg, among others. JVL got awards from Britannica Internet Guide Selection, USA Today Hot Site, and the Best of the Jewish Web from the Jewish Agency for Israel, the Academic Excellence Award from Study Web and others.
Other websites
Jewish Virtual Library
References
Judaism
Tokyo Police Club

Tokyo Police Club is a Canadian indie rock band from Newmarket, Ontario.
Tokyo Police Club was formed in 2005 by the members of the former band Suburbia. The band played at the Pop Montreal festival and were soon after signed to the Toronto label Paper Bag Records.
The band released their first record, an EP called A Lesson in Crime, on April 25, 2006. Their second EP Smith EP was released on October 23, 2007 in Canada and on November 6, 2007 in the United States. They released their first studio album Elephant Shell on April 22, 2008. Their second studio album Champ was released on June 8, 2010. Their third album which is currently untitled is being mixed in Los Angeles.
Band members
Current
David Monks - lead vocals, bass guitar (2005-present)
Graham Wright - Keyboards (2005-present)
Josh Hook - guitar (2005-present)
Greg Alsop - drums (2005-present)
Discography
Albums
Elephant Shell (2008)
Champ (2010)
Ten Songs, Ten Years, Ten Days (2011)
EPsA Lesson in Crime (2006)Smith EP'' (2007)
References
Other websites
Official website
2000s music groups
2005 establishments in Canada
2010s music groups
Alternative rock bands
Canadian rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups established in 2005
Green big-eyed tree frog

The green big-eyed tree frog (Nyctimystes humeralis) is a large tree frog from New Guinea. Scientists saw it in many places in the mountains in the middle of the island, between 600 and 1500 meters above sea level (2000 and 5000 feet). They saw it in Indonesia and in Papua New Guinea.
The male frog is about 100 mm long from nose to rear end. The male frog has two pads on each first finger, called nuptial pads. The green big-eyed tree frog is the only frog in the genus Nyctimystes that has spikes on its humerus bones, and only the male frog has them. This frog is bright green with some yellow on its legs and rear.
References
Frogs of Oceania
Sulgen

Sulgen is a municipality of the district of Bischofszell in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Thurgau
Kamel Lemoui

Kamel Lemoui (28 February 1939 - 3 January 2022) was an Algerian football player and manager. He played RC Paris B, Beziers, US Biskra, MC Alger, CR Belcourt, Olympique de Medea and JS El Biar. He also played for the Algerian national team between 1963 and 1968. He would also manage the national team for a year between 1988 and 1989.
Lemoui died from COVID-19 on 3 January 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic in France in Paris at age 82.
References
1939 births
2022 deaths
Algerian football managers
Algerian footballers
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
David City, Nebraska

David City is a city in Nebraska in the United States. It is the county seat of Butler County.
Cities in Nebraska
County seats in Nebraska
Losin' It

Losin' It is a 1983 Canadian American sex comedy movie directed by Curtis Hanson and starring Tom Cruise, Shelley Long, Jackie Earle Haley, John Stockwell, Henry Darrow, Mario Marcelino, Rick Rossovich.
Other websites
1983 comedy movies
1980s road movies
1980s sex comedy movies
Canadian comedy movies
American sex comedy movies
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies directed by Curtis Hanson
Movies set in Mexico
Wiggler (synchrotron)

A wiggler is an insertion device in a synchrotron. It is a series of magnets designed to repeatedly laterally deflect ('wiggle') a beam of charged particles inside a storage ring of a synchrotron. These deflections release synchrotron radiation. Although synchrotrons give off such radiation anyway as magnets work to bend the particles on a circle-like path, a wiggler release more intense radiation than the bending magnets.
A wiggler has a broader spectrum of radiation than an undulator. In a wiggler, the period and the strength of the magnetic field is not tuned to the frequency of radiation produced by the electrons. So, every electron in the electron bunch radiates independently. This makes a broad radiation spectrum. A wiggler can be considered to be series of bending magnets stuck together, and its radiation intensity goes up as the number of magnetic poles in the wiggler goes up.
Typically the magnets in a wiggler are arranged in a Halbach array. The design shown above is usually known as a Halbach wiggler.
Notes
Synchrotron instrumentation
Jugazan

Jugazan is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
References
Communes in Gironde
Goose Island (Chicago)

Goose Island is a artificial island in Chicago, Illinois. It is formed by the North Branch of the Chicago River on the west and the North Branch Canal on the east. It is about long and across at its widest point.
Notes
Neighborhoods in Chicago
Ans

Ans is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liege.
In 2007, 27,416 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 39 North, 05deg 31 East.
References
Municipalities of Liege
Antoine Demoitié

Antoine Demoitie (16 October 1990 - 27 March 2016) was a Belgian cyclist. He last rode for Wanty-Groupe Gobert in 2016. He joined the team in 2016 after leaving Wallonie-Bruxelles at the end of the 2015 season. He was born in Liege, Wallonia, Belgium.
Demoitie died on 27 March 2016 after he crashed and went down in a pile-up of several cyclists. He was then hit by a motorcycle in the Gent-Wevelgem road race. He died that evening in hospital in Lille, Hauts-de-France, France, aged 25.
References
1990 births
2016 deaths
Belgian cyclists
People from Liege
Road accident deaths
Cannibal Holocaust

Cannibal Holocaust is a 1980 Italian Colombian adventure horror movie directed by Ruggero Deodato and starring Robert Kerman, Gabriel Yorke, Luca Barbareschi, Paolo Paoloni, Francesca Ciardi, Perry Pirkanen. It was distributed by United Artists.
Other websites
1980 horror movies
1980 adventure movies
Italian horror movies
Italian adventure movies
Colombian movies
Movies directed by Ruggero Deodato
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in Venezuela
Movies about cannibalism
Pterygota

Pterygota is a subclass of insects that includes the winged insects. It also includes insect orders that are secondarily wingless. That means insect groups whose ancestors once had wings but that have lost them later in evolution.
The Pterygota today includes almost all insects. That is because flying led to a great radiation of insect types. The groups without flight are in the Apterygota.
In the Pterygota, are the Palaeoptera and the Neoptera. The Palaeoptera is paraphyletic, and its classification is being discussed. Likewise the Exopterygota. There are no agreed alternatives at present, so the taxonomy is left in its traditional form.
The Endopterygota is made up of all the insects which have complete metamorphosis. It is agreed to be a good monophyletic clade, even though some of the details may need to be adjusted.
Insects
Mallow, County Cork

Mallow (Irish Mala "plain of the rock") is the "Crossroads of Munster" and the administrative capital of north County Cork, in the Republic of Ireland. The Northern Divisional Offices of Cork County Council are in the town.
Towns in Ireland
County Cork
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

General Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 9 September 1949), is an Indonesian retired military general and politician. He was the sixth President of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014. Yudhoyono is the first president to be elected directly by voters. Yudhoyono won the presidency on 20 September 2004. He defeated President Megawati Sukarnoputri.
Other websites
Official website
1949 births
Living people
Indonesian Muslims
Presidents of Indonesia
Democratic Party (Indonesia) politicians
Spartacus (movie)

Spartacus is a 1960 American epic historical drama movie directed by Stanley Kubrick and based on the novel of the same name by Howard Fast. The life story of the historical figure Spartacus and the events of the Third Servile War were adapted by Dalton Trumbo as a screenplay.
The movie stars Kirk Douglas as rebellious slave Spartacus and Laurence Olivier as his foe, the Roman general and politician Marcus Licinius Crassus. Co-starring are Peter Ustinov (who won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as slave trader Lentulus Batiatus), John Gavin (as Julius Caesar), Jean Simmons, Charles Laughton, John Ireland, Herbert Lom, Woody Strode, Tony Curtis, John Dall and Charles McGraw. The movie won four Oscars in all.
The titles were designed by Saul Bass.
Anthony Mann, the film's original director, was replaced by Douglas with Kubrick after the first week of shooting.
Release dates
Other websites
1960 drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
American drama movies
American epic movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
1960s historical movies
Movies set in Italy
Movies set in Ancient Rome
Movies set in the 1st century BC
Movies directed by Stanley Kubrick
Movies about slavery
Movies based on books
English-language movies
Universal Pictures movies
1960s LGBT movies
American LGBT movies
Movies featuring a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award-winning performance
The Hart Foundation

The Hart Foundation is the name of several tag teams and stables made of members and close friends of the Hart wrestling family. The name originated in the World Wrestling Federation in 1985 with the original Hart Foundation made of brothers-in-law Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart.
WWE has consistently ranked the original Hart Foundation as one of the greatest tag teams in wrestling history.
References
1985 establishments in the United States
WWE
Chambois

Chambois is a commune in north-western France. It is in the Orne department.
Donjon
The Donjon of Chambois is a small castle, or keep located on the road from Exmes to Falaise. It was built in the second part of 12th century, by William de Mandeville, vassal of Henri Plantagenet. The height of the rectangular structure is about 26 metres. It was framed by an extension in the southeast angle and by rectangular turrets in every corner. The central volume contained three levels of rooms, each of them with windows, a chimney and, in the angled turrets, annexes. These arrangements illustrated the residential function of the Donjon.
Related pages
Communes of the Orne department
References
Other websites
INSEE
Les Comptes des Communes, http://alize22.finances.gouv.fr/communes/eneuro/tableau.php?icom=083&dep=061&type=BPS&param=0
Memorial-montormel.org, History of the Falaise pocket
Gerard Bourdin, Jean-Marie Foubert, Jean-Pascal Foucher. (2012). L'Orne des territoires, une histoire. Alencon: Conseil general de l'Orne.
Les monuments historiques de la ville de Chambois (The historic monuments of Chambois)
Patrimonie de France.com, chateau fort
Communes in Orne
Action League Now!

Action League Now! is a series of stop motion shorts that aired as part of both All That and KaBlam!. It aired on Nickelodeon from 1998 to 10 February, 2002.
Other websites
Comedy television series
Nickelodeon television series
2001 American television series debuts
2002 American television series endings
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
1990s television series
2000s American animated television series
Nicktoons
Sigfried Held

Sigfried Held (born 7 August 1942) is a former German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1963-64||rowspan="2"|Kickers Offenbach||rowspan="2"|Regionalliga||16||4
|-
|1964-65||33||15
|-
|1965-66||rowspan="6"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="6"|Bundesliga||30||11
|-
|1966-67||29||8
|-
|1967-68||26||5
|-
|1968-69||33||8
|-
|1969-70||33||4
|-
|1970-71||32||5
|-
|1971-72||rowspan="6"|Kickers Offenbach||Regionalliga||33||7
|-
|1972-73||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||34||8
|-
|1973-74||34||6
|-
|1974-75||31||8
|-
|1975-76||34||3
|-
|1976-77||2. Bundesliga||38||3
|-
|1977-78||rowspan="2"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||18||2
|-
|1978-79||29||1
|-
|1979-80||rowspan="2"|Bayer Uerdingen||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||25||2
|-
|1980-81||34||1
542||101
542||101
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1966||11||1
|-
|1967||3||0
|-
|1968||7||2
|-
|1969||5||1
|-
|1970||5||0
|-
|1971||4||1
|-
|1972||3||0
|-
|1973||3||0
|-
!Total||41||5
|}
References
1942 births
Living people
German footballers
German football managers
People from former German territories
FC Schalke 04 managers
Étrez

Etrez is a former commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Bresse Vallons.
References
Former communes in Ain
Estréelles

Estreelles is a commune. It is found in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Force field (technology)

A force field is a field of energy that usually blocks something. The force field is common in science fiction and fantasy stories. The ideal of a force field may be from the vector field, thought it resembled the warding spells, the protective magic that was claimed to be used by shamans from long ago.
Research and development
The plasma window is a real-live object that resembles the force field, it provides a separation between vacuum and gas. There is only one true ideal of creating a 'force shield': using an electric field to change the way metallic items move, although no power is known to be powerful enough to do this.
Other websites
Electrostatic "invisible wall" encountered in a plastic film factory Report from an electrostatics industry symposium.
Science fiction technology
Alan Alda

Alan Alda (real name: Alfonso Joseph D'Abruzzo) (born January 28, 1936) is an American actor. His mother was of Irish ancestry; his father was of Italian ancestry.
He directed, wrote and starred in many movies. He is probably most famous for his role as "Hawkeye" Pierce, the central character on the comedy/drama TV series M*A*S*H, as well as writing and directing several episodes of the show, and later becoming one of its producers. Alan also hosted Scientific American Frontiers on PBS from 1993 to 2005.
His father, Robert Alda, was an actor, and his mother, Joan, was once crowned Miss New York. Alan has been married to Arlene Weiss since 1957 and they have three daughters and a son.
In 2015, Alda was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. That same year, he starred in Steven Spielberg's Bridge of Spies. In 2019, he starred as lawyer Bert Spitz in Marriage Story.
References
Other websites
Bio on Scientific American Frontiers
Comprehensive bio
InnerVIEWS with Ernie Manouse: Alan Alda (TV Interview)
Military Service
Interview with Alda on NPR's Fresh Air (September 21, 2005)
Alan Alda's Charity Work
Performance Working in the Theatre seminar video at American Theatre Wing.org, April 1992
Never Have Your Dog Stuffed: And Other Things I've Learned (Chapter 1)
1936 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning directors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
List of governors of Louisiana

This is a list of the governors of Louisiana, from 1803 to the present day; for earlier governors of Louisiana see List of colonial governors of Louisiana.
List of governors
Civil War Era
Parties
Governors of Confederate-held territory in Louisiana
Governors of Union-held territory in Louisiana
Parties
Reconstruction Era (Governors subordinate to U.S. military rule)
Parties
Post-Reconstruction
Parties
References
Saint-Symphorien-sur-Saône

Saint-Symphorien-sur-Saone is a commune in the Cote-d'Or department.
Communes in Cote-d'Or
ESPN Deportes

ESPN Deportes (, ESPN Sports) is an American multinational Spanish-language pay television sports channel owned by ESPN Inc..
Sporting events
The network has the rights to show all the events listed below but some do not air on the network due to schedule. Instead they are streamed online in Spanish on Watch ESPN.com and the ESPN App.
Association Football
Germany
Bundesliga
DFB-Pokal
Mexico
Liga MX: Selected Monterrey, Tijuana and Santos Laguna home matches (sublicensed from Fox Deportes)
Liga MX Femenil: Selected Monterrey, Tijuana and Santos Laguna home matches (sublicensed from Fox Deportes)
Copa MX
Spain
La Liga
Supercopa de Espana
United States
Major League Soccer: Spanish-language simulcasts of ESPN's "Game of the Week" broadcast
USL Championship
USL League One Championship
Other
International Champions Cup
International friendlies
American Football
National Football League (NFL)
Super Bowl (games aired on CBS, and ABC in the future)
One Wild Card playoff game
Monday Night Football
Pro Bowl
College Football
College Football Playoff: Championship Game, Cotton Bowl, Fiesta Bowl, Orange Bowl, Peach Bowl, Rose Bowl, and Sugar Bowl
ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, MAC, Pac-12, SEC, Sun Belt
Bowl games
Baseball
Major League Baseball (MLB)
Sunday Night Baseball
Home Run Derby
One Wild Card game each postseason
Others
World Baseball Classic
Caribbean Series
Little League World Series
Basketball
National Basketball Association (NBA)
NBA Wednesday, NBA Friday, NBA Saturday Primetime and NBA Sunday Showcase
NBA playoffs
NBA Finals
Other
FIBA Basketball World Cup
WNBA
Boxing
Top Rank
Golf
Masters Tournament
Ice hockey
National Hockey League
Karate
Karate Combat
Mixed Martial Arts
Professional Fighters League
UFC
Motor sports
Formula One
W Series
Multi-sport events
Pan American Games
Central American and Caribbean Games
X Games
Tennis
Grand Slam: Australian Open, Wimbledon, U.S. Open
ESPN Deportes Radio
ESPN operated radio networks, stations and programs in Latin America:
ESPN 107.9 FM (Argentina; 2010-2018)
ESPN Radio en Rivadavia (Argentina; 2002-2014)
ESPN Radio Formula (Mexico; 2006-present)
ESPN Radio - Bio-Bio Deportes (Chile; 2007-2011)
Radio Eldorado ESPN (Brazil; 2007-2011)
Radio Estadao ESPN (Brazil; 2011-2013)
ESPN Radio Capital (Brazil; 2013-2014)
ESPN Radio City (Brazil; 2014-2015)
References
Other websites
Spanish-language television networks in the United States
Tom Heinsohn

Thomas William Heinsohn (August 26, 1934 - November 10, 2020) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. He has worked with the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) for 60 years as a player, coach and broadcaster. He played for the Celtics from 1956 to 1965, and also coached the team from 1969 to 1978.
Heinsohn was added to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: one for his playing career in 1986 and a second for his coaching career in 2015.
Heinsohn died on November 10, 2020 in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 86.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2020 deaths
Boston Celtics players
National Basketball Association coaches
Sportspeople from New Jersey
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Yoshihito Yamaji

Yoshihito Yamaji (born 13 January 1971) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1993||rowspan="3"|Toshiba||rowspan="3"|Football League||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|1994||8||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||1
|-
|1995||21||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||2||2
|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Brummell Sendai||rowspan="3"|Football League||22||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|1997||15||0||0||0||2||0||17||0
|-
|1998||27||2||4||0||1||0||32||2
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||30||0||2||0||2||0||34||0
|-
|2000||6||0||0||0||2||0||8||0
134||5||11||0||7||0||152||5
134||5||11||0||7||0||152||5
|}
References
1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Miyagi Prefecture
Deerfield, Kansas

Deerfield is a city in Kearny County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 700 people lived there.
History
The first settlement was created at Deerfield in 1885. Deerfield was incorporated as a city in 1907.
Geography
Deerfield is at (37.982081, -101.134848).
According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Climate
According to the Koppen Climate Classification system says that Deerfield has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the 2010 census says that there were 700 people, 235 households, and 180 families living in the city.
Education
Deerfield is part of Deerfield USD 216 public school district.
References
Other websites
City
City of Deerfield
Deerfield - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 216, local school district
Maps
Deerfield City Map, KDOT
Cities in Kansas
Kearny County, Kansas
1885 establishments in Kansas
2008 in movies

Below is a list of movies released in 2008, ordered by release date.
Highest-grossing movies
Events
Awards
2008 wide-release movies
January-March
April-June
July-September
October-December
Notable deaths
Movie debuts
Chadwick Boseman - The Express
Jessica Chastain - Jolene
Felicity Jones - Flashbacks of a Fool
Jennifer Lawrence - Garden Party
Rooney Mara - Dream Boy
Margot Robbie - Vigilante
Sources
2008 release schedule at Box Office Mojo
References
Lists of movies
Consulting firm

A consulting firm or simply consultancy is a professional service firm that gives expert advice for a fee. Consulting firms may have one employee or thousands; they may consult in different topics, for example, management, engineering, and so on. Management consultants typically work with company executives and give them generalists and industry-specific experts, usually trained in management or in business schools. Management consultant usually give recommendations for achieving the goals of a company or helps to lead a project of a company. Many consulting firms not only give the recommendations, but also help with implementation, either by the consultants or by technicians and other experts. This is called outsourcing.
Types
There are different types of Consulting Firms serving different sectors.
These fields are:
Architecture and Engineering
Financial services
Health care
Hotel and hospitality industry
Human resources
Information technology
Legal
Management
Music
Regulatory compliance
In addition to the above-mentioned fields, there are consulting firms that serve niche sectors such as
advertising/marketing/public relations consulting
environmental consulting
entertainment/media consulting
energy consulting
consulting in politics and the public sector
real estate consulting
recycling consulting
commodities consulting
References
Business organizations
Paul Jennings Hill

Paul Jennings Hill (February 6, 1954 - September 3, 2003) was an American minister and anti-abortion extremist who murdered physician John Britton (1925-1994) and his bodyguard James Barrett (1919-1994) on July 29, 1994 in Pensacola, Florida.
Nine years after the murder, Paul was executed by lethal injection on September 3, 2003 and he was the first person in the United States to be executed for murdering a abortion doctor.
References
1954 births
2003 deaths
Nikolai Osyanin

Nikolai Viktorovich Osyanin () (December 12, 1941 - March 21, 2022) was a Soviet football player. He made his debut for USSR for a short time in 1965. He did not play again for the national team again until 1969.
Osyanin died on March 21, 2022 at the age of 80.
References
1941 births
2022 deaths
Russian footballers
Russian football managers
Huang Zongying

Huang Zongying (; 13 July 1925 - 14 December 2020) was a Chinese actress and writer. She starred in many black-and-white movies such as Rhapsody of Happiness (1947), Crows and Sparrows (1949), Women Side by Side (1949), and The Life of Wu Xun (1950). Huang was born in Beijing.
Huang died on 14 December 2020 in Beijing at the age of 95.
References
1925 births
2020 deaths
Chinese movie actors
Disease-related deaths in China
Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Philippine nationalist. He was a leader of the Katipunan, a Philippine independence movement organization. He was President of the Philippine revolutionary government from 1897 to 1901.
Early life and career
Aguinaldo was born in Kawit, Cavite belonging to a very political family. His father, for example, was gobernadorcillo and so was his older brother, Crisopulo.
Because of political influence within the family, Aguinaldo would later pursue to become cabeza de barangay in his hometown of Kawit. He then became Capitan Municipal.
The Katipunan and Magdalo
He joined the Katipunan in 1895 during his service as Capitan Municipal of Kawit.
After the start of the revolution in Cavite, two revolutionary governments became very influential inside the region. These are the Magdalo leadership and the Magdiwang leadership. The Magdalo leadership was under the guidance of Baldomero Aguinaldo, Aguinaldo's cousin.
Because the two governments dislike each other, Andres Bonifacio, the leader of Katipunan, wanted them to become close friends. During the Tejeros Convention, a meeting was held to unite two governments. An election was also held so that they will have a president for the new revolutionary government. After the election, Emilio won to become the new leader but was disliked by Andres Bonifacio. According to Daniel Tirona, Aguinaldo was the right leader for the new government because he graduated as a lawyer unlike Bonifacio.
References
Other websites
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
1869 births
1964 deaths
Presidents of the Philippines
Autobiographers
Gaziantep

Gaziantep is a city in the southeast of Turkey. It has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Koppen climate classification) but is influenced by the continental climate due to its inland location. Gaziantep is well known for its dessert baklava. Gaziantep is the ninth biggest city in Turkey.
Gazantiep has had terrorist attacks in 2012, May 2016 and August 2016.
The city was badly damaged and many people died in the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.
Cities in Turkey
Southeastern Anatolia Region
Buffalo, Missouri

Buffalo is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Dallas County. In 2010, 3,084 people lived there.
Cities in Missouri
County seats in Missouri
Sam Pivnik

Szmuel "Sam" Pivnik (1 September 1926 - 30 August 2017) was a Polish Holocaust survivor, author and memoirist. He was the second son of Lajb Pivnik, a tailor, and Feigel Pivnik. He was born in Bedzin, Poland.
Pivnik was registered in Auschwitz and tattooed with prisoner number 135913. On 27 December 1943, Pivnik was admitted to the prisoner infirmary in the Quarantine area KL Auschwitz II-Birkenau, B IIa, Block 9, with suspected typhus. On 19 January 1945 the camp at Furstengrube was evacuated in the face of the advancing Red Army and prisoners who were fit enough to move were, initially, marched to a railhead at Gleiwitz.
Pivnik spent the next three months on construction work before he - together with approximately 200 other former Furstengrube prisoners - were evacuated by barge along the River Elbe to Holstein in northern Germany.
Pivnik was liberated by the British Army in Neustadt on 4 May 1945. His memoir Survivor - Auschwitz, The Death March and My Fight for Freedom was published on 30 August 2012.
Pivnik died in London on 30 August 2017, two days before his 91st birthday of pneumonia-related complications.
References
1926 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in London
Polish writers
Holocaust survivors
Memoirists
Reipertswiller

Reipertswiller is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France. In 2020, Reipertswiller had 846 people.
Geography
Reipertswiller is on the border with the Moselle department. It is part of the Parc naturel regional des Vosges du Nord. It has three villages: Melch, Saegemuhle and Wildenguth.
Neighbouring communes are Goetzenbruck to the northwest, Mouterhouse to the north, Baerenthal to the northeast, Wimmenau to the southwest and Lichtenberg to the southeast.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Columbine, Colorado

Columbine is a census-designated place (CDP) in Arapahoe and Jefferson counties in the U.S. state of Colorado. Located mostly in Jefferson County, it lies west of the Denver suburb of Littleton. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 24,280.
In 1999, Columbine was the site of the Columbine High School massacre.
References
Census-designated places in Colorado