pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pascal's triangle

1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
The first six rows of Pascal's triangle
Pascal's Triangle is a mathematical triangular array. It is named after French mathematician Blaise Pascal, but it was used in China 3 centuries before his time.
Pascal's triangle can be made as follows. On the first row, write only the number 1. Then, to get the numbers of following rows, add the number that can be seen above and to the left (if any) and the number above and to the right (if any) to find the new value. For example, the numbers 1 and 3 in the fourth row are added to make 4 in the fifth row.
The triangle displays the coefficients that occur when the binomial is raised to the power:
The same triangle can also be expressed using combinations:
,
where
Uses of Pascal's triangle
The triangle has many uses in probability. It can also be used in binomial expansions. For example,
(x + 1)2 = 1x2 + 2x + 12.
Notice the coefficients are the third row of Pascal's triangle: 1, 2, 1.
In general, when a binomial is raised to a positive integer power we have:
(x + y)n = a0xn + a1xn-1y + a2xn-2y2 + ... + an-1xyn-1 + anyn,
where the coefficients ai in this expansion are precisely the numbers on row n + 1 of Pascal's triangle; in other words,
Pascal's rule
Formally speaking, the way of making the Pascal's Triangle uses Pascal's rule, which states that
for non-negative integers n and k where n >= k and with the initial condition
Complicated structures based on Pascal's triangle
Pascal's triangle generalizes readily into higher dimensions. The three-dimensional version is called Pascal's pyramid or Pascal's tetrahedron. A higher-dimensional analogue is generically called a "Pascal's simplex"*. See also pyramid, tetrahedron, and simplex.
Properties of Pascal's Triangle
The first and last number in each row is always 1.
The second number in each row is the row number. In a binomial expansion, this second number is equal to the power. (This makes the 'first' row, 1, actually the zero row).
The rows always read the same forward and backward.
The sum of the numbers in each row is double the sum of the numbers in the row before. The sum of each row is 2n.
The zero row, 1, has a sum of 1.
The first row, 1,1 has a sum of 2.
The second row, 1,2,1 has a sum of 4.
The third row, (1,3,3,1) has a sum of 8.
The sum of the nth row is
Other websites
Higher Dimensional Pascal's Triange - Like Structures
Mathematics
Armando Uribe

Armando Uribe Arce (28 October 1933 - 22 January 2020) was a Chilean writer, poet, lawyer and diplomat. He was born in Santiago. He served as Chile's ambassador to the People's Republic of China from 1971 to 1973. He published many works on politics, religion, criminal law and mining. He was a member of the Chilean Academy of Language and the Royal Spanish Academy. Uribe won his country's National Prize for Literature in 2004.
Uribe died on 22 January 2020 in Santiago. He was 86.
References
1933 births
2020 deaths
Ambassadors to China
Writers from Santiago
Diplomats
Chilean lawyers
Politicians from Santiago
Direct memory access

Direct memory access (usually shortened to DMA) is a technology used in Computers and microprocessors. With it, certain hardware components can use parts of the main memory for their applications, without the need to ask the CPU. The CPU will request data from memory once and the DMA will continue to fetch the data, freeing the CPU to do other work. This way, the CPU does not have to request every byte.
Computing
Offensive (military)

An offensive is an aggressive military operation usually aimed at an enemy force. It is also called an attack, an advance or an invasion. An offensive can be conducted on land, at sea or in the air. A common goal of an offensive is to engage the enemy in a battle. It can also be used to get an enemy to withdraw and avoid a battle.
A tactical offensive is an operation that is usually smaller or more limited. It often involves the use of special forces (or specialized forces). It often has a limited task such as the capture of a bridge or stronghold. A strategic offensive usually involves larger forces and usually has long-range goals.
References
Military terminology
Shirō Ishii

Surgeon General was a Japanese microbiologist, army medical officer, and war criminal who served as the director of Unit 731, a biological warfare unit of the Imperial Japanese Army.
Ishii led the creation and use of biological weapons at Unit 731 in Manchukuo during the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945, including the bubonic plague attacks at Chinese cities of Changde and Ningbo, and planned the Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night biological attack against the United States. Ishii and his coworkers also experimented with humans unethically, resulting in the deaths of over 10,000 people, most of them civilians or prisoners of war. Ishii was later granted immunity in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East by the United States government in exchange for information and research for the U.S. biological warfare program.
References
1892 births
1959 deaths
Japanese generals
Military personnel of World War II
Roman Catholics
People from Chiba Prefecture
Converts to Christianity
Kyoto University alumni
War criminals
Japanese physicians
Japanese criminals
Kirby's Star Stacker

Kirby's Star Stacker is a pinball video game that was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo in 1997 for the Game Boy.
Kirby
Game Boy games
1997 video games
Virtual Console games
Video game spin-offs
Gonzalo Sorondo

Gonzalo Sorondo (born 9 October 1979) is an Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998||rowspan="4"|Defensor Sporting||rowspan="4"|Primera Division||4||0
|-
|1999||12||0
|-
|2000||27||4
|-
|2001||18||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="2"|Serie A||11||0
|-
|2002/03||0||0
|-
|2003/04||Standard Liege||First Division||23||2
|-
|2004/05||Crystal Palace||Premier League||20||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Charlton Athletic||rowspan="2"|Premier League||7||0
|-
|2006/07||1||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Defensor Sporting||rowspan="2"|Primera Division||6||0
|-
|2007/08||3||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Internacional||rowspan="4"|Serie A||8||1
|-
|2008||8||0
|-
|2009||17||2
|-
|2010||||
70||4
11||0
23||2
28||0
33||3
165||9
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
|2001||11||0
|-
|2002||7||0
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
!Total||27||0
|}
References
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Montevideo
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Thomas Pfyl

Thomas Pfyl (born January 1, 1987) is a skier from Switzerland. He has a disability. He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the third skier to finish in the standing men's downhill race, Super-G race, and the Super Combined race.
References
Swiss skiers
1987 births
Living people
Competitors at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Ralph Hauenstein

Ralph Hauenstein (March 20, 1912 - January 10, 2016) was an American philanthropist and businessman. His leadership has made the Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies at Grand Valley State University, the Hauenstein Parkinson's and Neuroscience Centers at Saint Mary's Hospital and the Grace Hauenstein Library at Aquinas College. He was also a colonel in the U.S. Army.
Hauenstein was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He fought for his country during World War II. He turned 100 in March 2012. His wife of 75 years, Grace Byrnes, died in 2007.
Hauenstein died from natural causes on January 10, 2016 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He was 103.
References
Other websites
Related pages
Irving Kahn
1912 births
2016 deaths
American centenarians
American military personnel of World War II
American philanthropists
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Businesspeople from Indiana
Businesspeople from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Military people from Indiana
Wizz Air

Wizz Air is a low cost airline based in Budapest, Hungary. The airline operates a fleet of 169 aircraft on flights in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The airline carried 27.1 million passengers in the 2021-22 financial year.
History
Wizz Air was founded in 2003 by Jozsef Varadi, the former CEO of Malev Hungarian Airlines. The airline's first flight took off in May 2004.
The company joined the London Stock Exchange in February 2015.
At the 2015 Paris Airshow Wizz Air announced an order for 110 Airbus A321neos. It placed additional orders at the 2017 and 2021 Dubai Airshows.
In October 2017 the airline announced it would be setting up a new London Luton based subsidiary named Wizz Air UK. At the time the airline stated that the reason was to make sure its UK operations were secure in the event of a hard Brexit.
In December 2019 the airline announced that it would be setting up a subsidiary in the UAE capital of Abu Dhabi. Named Wizz Air Abu Dhabi, the new airline operated its first flight in January 2021.
As of October 2022 the airline has 169 aircraft in its fleet, with an additional 329 aircraft on order.
Destinations
References
Budapest
Airlines of Europe
Vieux, Calvados

Vieux, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Acanthus (Spartan)

Acanthus the Lacedaemonian, was the winner in two footrace events, the diaulos and dolichos, in the ancient Olympic Games of 720 BC. He was also, according to some accounts, the first who ran naked in these games. Other accounts give credit to Orsippus the Megarian as the first to have done this.
Olympians
Ancient Greeks
Ancient sportspeople
Confuciusornis

Confuciusornis is a genus of primitive crow-sized birds from the Lower Cretaceous. It was found in the Yixian and Jiufotang Formations of China, dating from 125 to 120 million years ago. The bird was named after the Chinese moral philosopher Confucius (551-479 BC).
Like modern birds, Confuciusornis had a toothless beak, but close relatives of modern birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis were toothed. This shows that the loss of teeth occurred more than once, in Confuciusornis and in ancestors of modern birds. This is an example of convergent evolution.
Confuciusornis is the oldest known bird to have a beak. It is also the first known bird to have lost the long tail of Archaeopteryx and develop fused tail vertebrae (a pygostyle).
Confuciusornis is one of the most abundant vertebrates found in the Yixian Formation, and several hundred complete, articulated specimens have been found.
The proportions of the toes suggest that they were used for both walking and perching, while the large claws of the thumb and third finger were probably used for climbing. The head probably had a small crest or tuft.
Flight
The orientation of the shoulder joint was sideways, instead of angled upward as in modern birds; this means that Confuciusornis was unable to lift its wings above its back. Like Archaeopteryx, it was thus incapable of the upstroke required for flapping flight. This conclusion is not established at present. Peters sees Confuciusornis as capable of flapping flight but specialising in soaring flight. The bird's weight has also been debated.
An argument from Gregory Paul noted that Confuciusornis is commonly found as large groups in lake bottom sediments with little to no evidence of the bodies being moved after death. It would be highly unusual for gliding animals to be found in such large numbers in deep water. Rather, this evidence suggests that Confuciusornis traveled in large flocks over the lake surfaces, a habitat consistent with a flying animal.
Colour
In early 2010, a group of scientists led by Zhang Fucheng examined fossils with preserved melanosomes (organelles which contain colour pigments). By studying the fossils with an electron microscope, they found melanosomes preserved in a fossil Confuciusornis specimen.
The melanosomes where of two types, which indicates that Confuciusornis had hues of grey, red/brown and black, possibly something like the modern zebra finch.
References
Cretaceous birds
Fossils
Feathered dinosaurs
Sultan Rahi

Sultan Muhammad (generally recognized as Sultan Rahi) was born in a Muslim arain family of Saharanpur in 1938 Uttar Pradesh, British India. He was a famous Pakistani film actor who was well-known in Pakistan in Punjabi & Urdu films during the 1970s and 1980s till 1996. He was mostly admired among people in Punjab, Pakistan and among Sikh and Punjabi community of India.
Biography
He acted in over 700 Punjabi and Urdu films, and is named in the Guinness Book of Records as the most creative actor. His popular films include: Maula Jatt, Sher Khan, Chan Veryam, Dada, Qanoon, Kaley Chore, and The Godfather. He started his film career as an extra but quickly became a leading actor and in 1972.
Burly Pakistani actor Sultan Rahi specialized in playing superheroes and muscle men. Over his career, which began with his playing bit parts in the late '50s, Sultan appeared in more than 700 Punjabi films. He became a leading man in 1971 in Babul and a star the following year in Bashira. Born, Muhammad Sultan in India, Rahi moved to Pakistan at age nine.
Assassination
Rahi was shot dead on 9 January 1996 in Gujranwala, Pakistan.
Other websites
1938 births
1996 deaths
Cinema of Pakistan
Pakistani movie actors
Movie producers
Punjabi people
People from Uttar Pradesh
Hoymille

Hoymille is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 3,194 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Marcelo Gonçalves Costa Lopes

Marcelo Goncalves Costa Lopes (born 22 February, 1966) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1986||rowspan="2"|Flamengo||rowspan="2"|Serie A||1||0
|-
|1987||0||0
|-
|1988||Santa Cruz||Serie A||0||0
|-
|1989||Flamengo||Serie A||0||0
|-
|1989||rowspan="2"|Botafogo||rowspan="2"|Serie A||9||0
|-
|1990||0||0
|-
|1990-91||rowspan="5"|Tecos||||35||0
|-
|1991-92||||32||7
|-
|1992-93||||30||1
|-
|1993-94||||38||2
|-
|1994-95||||32||1
|-
|1995||rowspan="4"|Botafogo||rowspan="4"|Serie A||26||2
|-
|1996||15||0
|-
|1997||20||1
|-
|1998||16||2
|-
|1999||Internacional||Serie A||10||0
97||5
167||11
264||16
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1996||5||1
|-
|1997||12||0
|-
|1998||7||0
|-
!Total||24||1
|}
References
1966 births
Living people
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro
Vaulx, Pas-de-Calais

Vaulx, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Lata Mangeshkar

Lata Mangeshkar () (born Hema Mangeshkar; 28 September 1929 - 6 February 2022) was an Indian playback singer and music director.
Reputation
She is one of the best-known playback singers in India. She has recorded songs in over a thousand Hindi movies and has sung songs in over thirty-six regional Indian languages.
Life
Lata Mangeshkar was born in 1929, the eldest daughter of Deenanath Mangeshkar, a Marathi and Konkani musician and his wife Shevanti in Indore.
Mangeshkar died on 6 February 2022, from multiple organ failure after contracting COVID-19 and undergoing 28 days of treatment at the Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, India.
Death
Mangeshkar died on 6 February 2022, from multiple organ failure after contracting COVID-19 and undergoing 28 days of treatment at the Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, India.
The Government of India announced a two-day national mourning and that the National Flag will fly at half-mast from February 6 to 7 throughout India in her respect.
References
1929 births
2022 deaths
Indian singers
Bollywood playback singers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Marathi people
Intragna, Piedmont

Intragna is a comune in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Cymbidium

Cymbidium is a genus of botanical plant. There are 52 evergreen species in the orchid family Orchidaceae.
Orchids
Vincent Auriol

Vincent Jules Auriol (; 27 August 1884 - 1 January 1966) was a French politician. He was President of France from 1947 to 1954.
References
1884 births
1966 deaths
Presidents of France
Presidents of the National Assembly (France)
Louise, Mississippi

Louise is a town in Humphreys County, Mississippi, United States.
Towns in Mississippi
Nikolai Tikhonov

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Tikhonov (; - 1 June 1997) was a Soviet politician during the Cold War. He was Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1980 to 1985.
References
1905 births
1997 deaths
Heads of government of the Soviet Union
Obadele Thompson

Obadele Thompson (born March 30, 1976) is a sprint athlete from Barbados. In 2000, he became the first Olympic medalist from Barbados. He won a bronze medal in the 100m race.
His fastest legal time in the 100 m is 9.87. He ran his personal best in the 200 m at 19.97 in 2000.
Biography
Born in Saint Michael, Thompson attended Harrison College. He then went to the University of Texas at El Paso, United States.
On February 21, 2007 Thompson announced his engagement to Marion Jones, then pregnant. The marriage took place on February 24, 2007 in North Carolina. Their first child together, son Amir, was born in July 2007. A daughter, Eva-Marie, was born in June 2009.
Personal bests
Achievements
References
1976 births
Living people
Barbadian sportspeople
Olympic bronze medalists
Gwadar Bay

Gwadar Bay is near the maritime border of Pakistan and Iran. The name is from Persian, Khalij-e Gavader or 'Gulf of Gwadar' on Arabian Sea. It is an inlet of the Arabian Sea indenting the sandy Makran coast at the Iran-Pakistan border. It is about 20 miles (32 km) long and 10 miles (16 km) wide. The Dashtiari River flows into it from the northwest, and the Dasht River from the northeast. The town of Gwadar, Pakistan, is on the Arabian Sea coast about 30 miles (48 km) east of Gwadar Bay.
Geography of Pakistan
Bays
Otto Hahn

Otto Hahn (8 March 1879 - 28 July 1968) was a German Nobel Prize winning chemist. He did pioneering research into the atom and he discovered nuclear fission (splitting the uranium atom) in 1938, together with Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassmann.
Other websites
Otto Hahn - the top 10 greatest scientists
Otto Hahn - the top 100 greatest Germans
Otto Hahn (Great Germans) Biography
Otto Hahn - Famous Scientist The human touch of chemistry.
Otto Hahn - the inventor of atom splitting Visit Berlin, 2011.
1879 births
1968 deaths
German academics
German chemists
German Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Frankfurt
Veddasca

Veddasca was a comune in the Province of Varese in the Lombardy region in Italy.
Since 2014, the former municipalities of Maccagno, Pino sulla Sponda del Lago Maggiore and Veddasca merged into the new municipality of Maccagno con Pino e Veddasca.
Former municipalities of Lombardy
Takuya Muro

Takuya Muro (born 2 November 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagan Tosu.
Club career statistics
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||24||0||1||0||25||0
|-
|2009||47||0||2||0||49||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||
71||0||3||0||74||0
71||0||3||0||74||0
|}
References
1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
2007–08 Montreal Canadiens season

The 2007-08 Montreal Canadiens season is their 98th season of play and 90th in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Regular season
Playoffs
The Canadiens beat the Boston Bruins in the Conference Quarter-Finals 4 games to 3, and lost to the Philadelphia Flyers in the Conference Semi-Finals 1 game to 4.
References
2007 in ice hockey
2008 in ice hockey
National Hockey League team seasons
2007 in Canada
2008 in Canada
Jackson County, Colorado

Jackson County is a county in the state of Colorado in the United States. As of the 2020 census, 1,379 people lived there. The county seat is Walden.
References
Colorado counties
Eddie Marlin

Edward Marlin (August 13, 1930 - August 15, 2019) was an American promoter and professional wrestler. He was born in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1967, Marlin wrestled for Nick Gulas' NWA Mid-America promotion under a mask as "The Mummy". He retired in 1993.
In the early-1970s, Marlin formed a tag team with Tommy Gilbert. The duo achieved their greatest success in NWA Mid-America, winning the NWA Southern Tag Team Championship, NWA World Six-Man Tag Team Championship, and NWA Mid-America Tag Team Championship.
Death
Marlin died on August 15, 2019 from multiple organ failure under hospice care in Gallatin, Tennessee at the age of 89.
Championships and accomplishments
NWA Mid-America
NWA Mid-America Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Tommy Gilbert
NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (3 times) - with Tommy Gilbert (2 times) and Tojo Yamamoto (1 time)
NWA World Six-Man Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Tommy Gilbert and Ricky Gibson
References
Other websites
1930 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Nashville, Tennessee
Mıgırdiç Margosyan

Migirdic Margosyan (23 December 1938 - 2 April 2022) was a Turkish-Armenian writer.
Margosyan published many short stories in Armenian at the Marmara newspaper. Margosyan published Gavur Mahallesi (1992), Soyle Margos Nerelisen? (1995) and Biletimiz Istanbul'a Kesildi (1998) in Turkish and in 1999 published his second book, Dikrisi Aperen in Armenian.
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
Turkish writers
Armenian writers
People from Diyarbakir Province
Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium is a type of epithelium tissue. Like other types of epithelium, it is a tissue that covers a surface. It consists of only one layer of cube-like cells, which have large, spherical and central nuclei. Simple cuboidal epithelium is found on the surface of ovaries, the lining of nephrons, the walls of the renal tubules, parts of the eye and thyroid, and in salivary glands. On these surfaces, the cells perform secretion and filtration. These cells provide protection and may be active (pumping material in or out of the lumen) or passive, depending on the location and the purpose of the cells.
Animal tissues
Alexis Reich

Alexis Valoran Reich (born December 11, 1964) is an American trans woman commonly known as John Mark Karr who in 2006 falsely confessed to the murder of JonBenet Ramsey. She used to be a school teacher. In 2010 she went through a hormone-replacement surgery and she transitioned and lives as a woman.
References
1964 births
Living people
American criminals
American sex offenders
American teachers
LGBT people from Georgia (U.S. state)
Transgender people
Educators from Georgia (U.S. state)
Manic Frustration

Manic Frustration is the fifth studio album by American rock band Trouble. It was recorded in 1991 and released on 16 June 1992. The album had faster music than the albums they made before. Their older albums were slower and more like doom metal.
Track listing
References
1992 albums
Gilmer County, Georgia

Gilmer County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 31,353 people lived there. The county seat is Ellijay.
References
1832 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Benguela

Benguela (Sao Felipe de Benguela, formerly spelled Benguella) is a city in western Angola. It is the capital of Benguela Province. Benguela is one of Angola's largest cities.
Cities in Angola
Villenauxe-la-Grande

Villenauxe-la-Grande is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
Communes in Aube
Westlawn Cemetery

Westlawn Cemetery is a Jewish cemetery located in Norridge, a suburb of Chicago in Illinois. The cemetery covers and roughly 46,000 people are buried there.
Notable burials
Jack Ruby, convicted of the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald, who at the time was under arrest for the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy(His conviction was later reversed. He died awaiting a new trial, still legally presumed innocent.)
Abe Saperstein, creator of the Savoy Big Five, precursor of the Harlem Globetrotters
Shel Silverstein, poet, author, satirist, and cartoonist
Gene Siskel, movie critic
References
Cemeteries in the United States
1937 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in Illinois
Mike Patrick

Mike Patrick is an American sportscaster. He was an announcer for NFL on Sunday night for 19 years.
References
Living people
College basketball broadcasters
College football broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
1944 births
Argolis

Argolis is one of 51 prefectures of Greece. It is on the Peloponnese peninsula. The capital of Argolis is the Nafplio.
Prefectures of Greece
Enrique Gil

Enrique Mari Bacay Gil V (born 30 March 1992) is a Filipino actor, dancer, model, and singer. Gil has appeared in a number of movies and television shows such as Mula Sa Puso, Budoy, Muling Buksan Ang Puso and She's the One. He is best known for playing Alexander "Xander" Grande III in the television series Forevermore in 2014-15, with Liza Soberano. Since then, he has starred in the movies Just The Way You Are (2015), Everyday I Love You (2015), Dukot (2016), My Ex and Whys (2017), Seven Sundays (2017), and Alone/Together; (2019) and the television series Dolce Amore (2016) Bagani (2018), and Make It with You (2020).
References
Other websites
1992 births
Filipino actors
Filipino singers
Filipino movie actors
Filipino television actors
Models
Dancers
Living people
Takhar Province

Takhar () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. The capital is Taloqan. Its salt mines are one of Afghanistan's major mineral resources.
Districts
References
Provinces of Afghanistan
Encyclopedia Griffin

"Encyclopedia Griffin" is the 11th episode of Family Guys 13th season. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on February 15, 2015. In the episode, Peter Griffin and his friends start a detective agency. They learn that Chris is stealing things to make a doll. Lois sees Chris and his doll as a way to make her marriage with Peter better.
The episode was written by Lew Morton. Jerry Langford is the director of the episode. About 2.51 million people watched the episode when it was first broadcast. Narshimha Chintaluri from TV Fanatic thought that the story sounded funny, but the episode was not very interesting. The Parents Television Council hated the episode and called it the "Worst of the Week" because it put children in sexual themes.
References
Other websites
Family Guy (season 13) episodes
2015 television episodes
Milomir Odović

Milomir Odovic "Oda" (26 March 1955 - 14 December 2020) was a Bosnian professional football manager and player. He was known for playing and managing Bosnian Premier League club Zeljeznicar.
Odovic died on 14 December 2020 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, two years after being diagnosed with cancer at the age of 65.
References
1955 births
2020 deaths
Bosnia and Herzegovina footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina football managers
Deaths from cancer
East Greenwich, Rhode Island

East Greenwich is an rich town and the county seat of Kent County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 14,312 at the 2020 census.
References
Towns in Rhode Island
County seats in Rhode Island
Alive (Jessie J album)

Alive is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter Jessie J. It was released on 23 September 2013 through Lava Music. Musically, Alive is a pop, dance-pop and R&B album that features influences from pop rock, soul and hip hop in its production. For the album's promotion Jessie J had shaved her hair and dyed it blonde.
Critical reception
Alive received mainly positive reviews from music critics.
Commercial performance
Alive debuted and peaked at number three on the UK Albums Chart, selling 39,270 copies in its first week of release. The album then slipped to number seven selling 14,574 copies the following week. Altogether, Alive spent a total of 12 weeks inside the top 40 of the chart, and by November 2013 had been certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments of 100,000 copies.
Track listing
Notes
All vocals were produced by Claude Kelly except deluxe edition bonus track "Magnetic", where vocals were produced by Lorne Alistair Tennant and STL.
indicates additional production.
indicates remix production.
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Certifications
References
2013 albums
Jessie J albums
Pop albums
Dance-pop albums
R&B albums
Josep Ramon Mòdol i Pifarré

Josep Ramon Modol i Pifarre (21 September 1957 - 10 July 2020) was a Spanish sociologist, politician and writer. He was born in Lleida, Catalonia. Modol i Pifarre was a Deputy between 1989 to 1993. He was a Senator between from 1996 to 2000.
Modol i Pifarre died on 10 July 2020 from cancer in Barcelona, aged 62.
References
1957 births
2020 deaths
Spanish politicians
Spanish writers
Spanish sociologists
Yūzō Tashiro

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Tashiro was born in Fukuoka on July 22, 1982. When he played for Fukuoka University, he also played for Oita Trinita in 2003 and Sagan Tosu in 2004. After graduating from the university, he joined J1 League club Kashima Antlers in 2005. He played many matches as forward from 2006. The club won the J1 champions for 3 years in a row (2007-2009). In 2010, he moved to Montedio Yamagata on loan. He scored 10 goals for Yamagata. In 2011, he returned to Kashima. In 2012, he moved to Vissel Kobe. Although Kobe was relegated to J2 League end of the 2012 season, Kobe returned to J1 in a year. In 2015, he moved to J2 club Cerezo Osaka. In 2017, he moved to Australian club Wollongong Wolves. He retired end of the 2018 season.
In February 2008, Tashiro was selected the Japan national team for 2008 East Asian Football Championship. At this tournament, he played full time in all 3 matches.
Statistics
|-
|2003||Oita Trinita||J1 League||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2004||Sagan Tosu||J2 League||10||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||10||1
|-
|2005||rowspan="5"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="5"|J1 League||5||1||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||9||1
|-
|2006||20||7||4||2||8||2||colspan="2"|-||32||11
|-
|2007||24||6||5||2||5||4||colspan="2"|-||34||12
|-
|2008||27||3||2||0||1||0||8||5||38||8
|-
|2009||16||2||2||1||2||0||3||0||23||3
|-
|2010||Montedio Yamagata||J1 League||29||10||4||3||6||3||colspan="2"|-||39||16
|-
|2011||Kashima Antlers||J1 League||22||12||2||1||3||1||3||1||30||15
|-
|2012||rowspan="3"|Vissel Kobe||J1 League||18||6||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||20||6
|-
|2013||J2 League||35||8||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||37||8
|-
|2014||J1 League||13||1||0||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||20||1
|-
|2015||rowspan="2"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J2 League||22||6||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||6
|-
|2016||6||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||2
|-
|2016||Cerezo Osaka U-23||J3 League||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2017||rowspan="2"|Wollongong Wolves||rowspan="2"|National Premier Leagues||21||10||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||10
|-
|2018||20||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||4
249||65||22||9||37||10||14||6||322||90
41||14||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||41||14
290||79||22||9||37||10||14||6||363||104
|}
|-
|2008||3||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}
References
Other websites
1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Fukuoka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Oita Trinita players
Sagan Tosu players
Kashima Antlers players
Montedio Yamagata players
Vissel Kobe players
Cerezo Osaka players
Cerezo Osaka U-23 players
Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France

The Association Aeronautique et Astronautique de France (3AF) is the French national aeronautical and astronautical non-profit association. Is has been created in 1971 and is located in Paris.
The main activity of 3AF is to bring together people interested in aerospace activities.
References
Other websites
Official website
Aerospace engineering
Aviation in France
Enhanced geothermal system

An enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is a geothermal energy system that can make electrical energy when natural underground water is not there.
For a long time, geothermal energy could only be produced where there were hot rocks, underground water, and cracks in rocks all together in one area. These areas may need underground water or a network of fractures in their rocks or both.
Heat can now be got outside normal geothermal areas like active plate boundaries. It can be got in less active areas like the western United States.
The heat is got by artificially pushing water down into hotter rocks. This can create new fractures through the rock in addition to expanding the existing fractures. That is why the new technique is called "fracking".
References
Geothermal energy
Power plants
Environmental issues
Danding Cojuangco

Eduardo "Danding" Murphy Cojuangco Jr. (10 June 1935 - 16 June 2020) was a Filipino businessman and politician. He was the chairman of San Miguel Corporation. It is the largest food and beverage corporation in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. He was the Governor of Tarlac from 1967 to 1969 and member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1969 to 1972.
In 2016, his personal wealth was around US$1.1 billion. He was born in Paniqui, Tarlac. He founded the Nationalist People's Coalition in 1992. He ran for President of the Philippines in 1992, but came in third place losing to Fidel V. Ramos.
Cojuangco Jr. died in Manila on 16 June 2020 from heart failure and pneumonia caused by cancer, aged 85.
References
1935 births
2020 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in the Philippines
Cancer deaths in the Philippines
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Filipino politicians
Filipino businesspeople
Vernon, Connecticut

Vernon is a town in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 29,179 at the 2020 census.
References
Towns in Connecticut
YouTube headquarters shooting

Just before 1 p.m. PDT on April 3, 2018, an active shooter was reported at YouTube headquarters in San Bruno, California, United States. The suspect, armed with a handgun, approached an outdoor patio and opened fire. Three people were shot (including one who sustained critical injuries); an other person was injured while fleeing the building. Police reported that the shooter, a woman, died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Two law enforcement sources told the Associated Press that a man who was wounded in the attack is believed to be the shooter's boyfriend, and said that the shooting is believed to have been motivated by a domestic dispute.
The shooter was Nasim Najafi Aghdam, a 39 year old woman. She died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.
References
2018 crimes in the United States
2018 in California
April 2018 events
2010s crimes in California
San Mateo County, California
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Suicides in California
YouTube
Carmi, Illinois

Carmi is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
County seats in Illinois
Vanceboro, Maine

Vanceboro is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
1988 Armenian earthquake

The 1988 Armenian earthquake, also known as the Spitak earthquake (, Spitaki yerkrasharj), happened on December 7 at with a surface wave magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum MSK intensity of X (Devastating).
The shock happened in the northern region of Armenia. Between 25,000 and 50,000 were killed and up to 130,000 were injured.
Despite the tensions of the Cold War, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev formally asked the United States for humanitarian help within a few days of the earthquake.
References
1980s in Armenia
1988 in Asia
Earthquakes in the 1980s
Earthquakes in Asia
December events
Tronchoy

Tronchoy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Margo St. James

Margaret Jean St. James (September 12, 1937 - January 11, 2021) was an American women's rights activist and sex worker. In 1973 she started the organization COYOTE and St. James Infirmary Clinic. COYOTE is a medical and social service organization helping sex workers in San Francisco. St. James was born in Bellingham, Washington.
St. James died on January 11, 2021 under hospice care in San Francisco, aged 83.
References
1937 births
2021 deaths
American activists
Prostitutes
People from Washington (state)
People from San Francisco
Blackey, Kentucky

Blackey is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Derren Brown

Derren Victor Brown (born 27 February 1971) is an English magician, psychological illusionist, "mentalist", and painter. He was born in Croydon, south London. Brown studied law and German at the University of Bristol. In 1996, he started doing stage shows. He is especially known for "close-up magic", where the subject is, for example, sitting at a table opposite the performer.
Trick of the Mind, Trick or Treat and The System are some of his television programmes shown on Channel 4.
Brown is openly gay. He was an Evangelical Christian in his teens, and became an atheist in his twenties. This is discussed by Brown in the "Messiah" special, and in his book Tricks of the Mind. An interview as part of Richard Dawkins' two-part documentary series The Enemies of Reason, where Brown explained various psychological techniques used by purported psychics and spiritual mediums to manipulate their audiences, Brown also said he sought to strengthen his belief and provide answers to common criticisms of religion by reading the Bible and other Christian religious texts. He found none of the answers he sought and came to the conclusion that his belief (in Christianity) had no basis.
Sample episodes from TV series
The subject is taught ancient techniques on how to get free from complicated, risky situations. Subsequently, the subject - with hands and feet tied - is put in a sack and thrown into a lake. The subject gets free. During the course of the show, Brown claims that the subject will be completely alone under the water, bar a stationary camera.
The subject is put into a trance in a photo booth in London, and - over the next 13 hours - is transported to Marrakesh, Morocco. He wakes up in a photo booth in the back of a cafe near the main square.
The subject is put through a round of speed dating, where his shyness and lack of confidence clearly hold him back. Brown then puts the subject through a series of exercises and visualizations to build his confidence. The subject is then put through another round of speed dating, where many more women placed him on their "would like to meet again" list, and he even begins dating one of the interested women. Over a month after the subject thinks all the filming has been done, Brown tests the subject in a robbery.
The psychological element in Brown's scenarios seems clear.
References
Other websites
How he does it: Derren Brown's secrets revealed.
1971 births
Living people
Artists from London
English atheists
English entertainers
English LGBT people
English painters
Gay men
LGBT artists
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT writers
British magicians
British psychologists
Television personalities from London
Writers from London
Alumni of the University of Bristol
People from Croydon
Belvèze-du-Razès

Belveze-du-Razes is a commune of 868 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
References
Communes in Aude
Brown River tree frog

The Brown River tree frog (Litoria vocivincens) is a frog from Papua New Guinea. It lives not far from the ocean. Scientists saw as high in the hills as 1000 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of Oceania
Boisdinghem

Boisdinghem is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Timeline of women in mathematics

This article is a timeline of women appearances in mathematics.
Timeline
350-370 until 415: The lifetime of Hypatia, a Greek Alexandrine Neoplatonist philosopher in Egypt who was the first well-documented woman in mathematics. She was head of the Neoplatonic School in Alexandria, Egypt, from the year 400. Her students were young men from around the empire.
1678 Elena Cornaro Piscopia became to receive an academic degree from a university, and the first to receive a Doctor of Philosophy degree. She went on to be a lecturer at the University of Padua in mathematics..
19th Century
1827: French mathematician Sophie Germain saw her theorem, known as Germain's Theorem, published in a footnote of a book by the mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre. In this theorem Germain proved that if x, y, and z are integers and if x5 + y5 = z5 then either x, y, or z must be divisible by 5. Germain's theorem was a major step toward proving Fermat's last theorem for the case where n equals 5.
1829: The first public examination of an American girl in geometry was held.
1874: Russian mathematician Sofya Kovalevskaya became the first woman in modern Europe to gain a doctorate in mathematics, which she earned from the University of Gottingen in Germany.
1888: The Kovalevskaya top, one of a brief list of known examples of integrable rigid body motion, was discovered by Sofya Kovalevskaya.
1889: Sofya Kovalevskaya was appointed as the first female professor in Northern Europe, at the University of Stockholm.
20th Century
1918: German mathematician Emmy Noether published Noether's (first) theorem.
1927: American mathematician Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler became the first woman to present a lecture at the American Mathematical Society Colloquium.
1930: Cecilia Krieger became the first woman to earn a PhD in mathematics in Canada, at the University of Toronto.
1956: American mathematician Gladys West began collecting data from satellites at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Her calculations directly impacted the development of accurate GPS systems.
1960 and 1966: Lucy Joan Slater published two books about mathematical functions from the Cambridge University Press, one of the world's largest academic publisher.
1980s
1983: Julia Robinson became the first female president of the American Mathematical Society.
1990s
1995: American mathematician Margaret H. Wright became the first female president of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
1998: Melanie Wood became the first female American to make the U.S. International Mathematical Olympiad Team. She won silver medals in the 1998 and 1999 International Mathematical Olympiads.
21st Century
2000s
2004: American Alison Miller became the first ever female gold medal winner on the U.S. International Mathematical Olympiad Team.
2010s
2016: The London Mathematical Society's Women in Mathematics Committee was awarded the Royal Society's inaugural Athena Prize.
2019: American mathematician Karen Uhlenbeck became the first woman to win the Abel Prize."
Related pages
Timeline of women in mathematics in the United States
References
History of mathematics
Hectocotylus

A hectocotylus is a modified arm used to by male cephalopods to put sperm on females.
Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Cephalopods
Nikos Alefantos

Nikos Alefantos (, 3 January 1939 - 23 June 2020) was a Greek professional footballer and football coach. He was born in Athens. Alefantos managed several clubs in the Greek Super League, including Olympiacos F.C. during 2004. He also had played for Larissa F.C. in 1975 and 1990. From 1952 to 1969, he played as a footballer. From 1969 to 2004, he had a career as a football manager.
Alefantos died on 23 June 2020 in Athens from a heart attack, aged 81.
References
Other websites
Alefantos Biography
1939 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Greek football managers
Footballers from Athens
Ashburnham, Massachusetts

Ashburnham is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Maksim Perepelitsa

Maksim Perepelitsa () is a 1956 Soviet comedy movie directed by Anatoly Granik. It stars Leonid Bykov, Lyudmila Kostirko, and Nikolai Yakovchenko.
Actors
Leonid Bykov as Maksim Perepelitsa
Lyudmila Kostirko as Maroussia, Maksim's bride
Nikolai Yakovchenko as blacksmith Kondrat Perepelitsa, Maksim's father
Aleksandr Borisov as postman Marco Mukha, Kondrat's friend
George Asipenka as Opanas, Kondrat's friend
Basil Fushchych as Stepan Levada, one of Maksim
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1956 movies
Soviet comedy movies
2021 CONCACAF Nations League Final

The 2021 CONCACAF Nations League Final was a soccer game where the winners of the match would win the final tournament of the 2019-20 CONCACAF Nations League. It was the first final of the CONCACAF Nations League.
The match was originally scheduled to be held on June 7, 2020 at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, United States. On April 3, 2020, the final tournament was postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. On July 27, 2020, CONCACAF announced that the Nations League Finals would be held in March 2021, though on September 22, 2020 CONCACAF announced that the tournament was again rescheduled until June 2021.
The United States won the game 3-2 after extra time to become the first champions of the CONCACAF Nations League.
References
June 2021 events
Susanne Alfvengren

Susanne Alfvengren (born Susanne Irene Lund, 12 February 1959 in Visby, Gotland, Sweden) is a Swedish singer. In 1984, she had a hit with Nar vi ror varann (Sometimes When We Touch). Another of her hit songs was Magneter. She competed in Melodifestivalen 2009 with the song Du ar alskad dar du gar, whih was knocked out of the semifinal. In 1986-1987, she scored a vocal duet hit with Mikael Rickfors, with the song Som stormen river oppet hav.
Filmography
PS Sista sommaren (PS Last Summer), 1988
References
Other websites
Susanne Alfvengren website
Svensk Filmdatabas - Susanne Alfvengren
1959 births
Living people
Swedish singers
University of Toledo

The University of Toledo is a public university in Toledo, Ohio.
The University of Toledo's athletic team's are called the Rockets and there are 15 varsity teams including: Football, Basketball, distance running as well as others. Their rival is the Bowling Green Falcons and they fight over the "Peace Pipe" trophy.
References
Other websites
Colleges and universities in Ohio
Toledo, Ohio
Mid-American Conference
1872 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Ohio
Labour Campaign for Trans Rights

The Labour Campaign for Trans Rights (LCTR) is a British pressure group within the Labour Party, founded in February 2020.
References
Political organisations in the United Kingdom
Donn Moomaw

Donn Moomaw (born October 15, 1931) is an American football player and Presbyterian minister. He was born in Santa Ana, California. In the 1950s, he plated for Toronto Argonauts and for Ottawa Rough Riders. In 1953, he was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams.
Moomaw played for UCLA as the center and linebacker for the team. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1973.
Moomaw later became a Presbyterian minister, most notably serving Los Angeles' Bel Air Presbyterian Church as pastor from 1964 to 1993. He became friends with California Governor Ronald Reagan and wife Nancy. Moomaw later gave the invocation and benediction at Reagan's 1981 presidential inauguration and 1985 presidential inauguration.
References
1931 births
Living people
American football players
American Presbyterian ministers
Ottawa Rough Riders players
Sportspeople from California
Toronto Argonauts players
Jade Ewen

Jade Ewen (born 24 January 1988) is an English singer and actress. Ewen was born in Plaistow, Newham, London to a Jamaican mother and Scottish-Sicilian father. She started her career when she got the role as Nala in the West End production of The Lion King, she has then been seen in many TV-series in both the United Kingdom and Australia. In 2005 she joined R&B group Trinity Stone which reached moderate success in the UK, Ireland and Russia. In early 2009 she was selected by Andrew Lloyd Webber to participate in the UK national selection for Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, Russia. A selection she won and represented the country at the Eurovision that same year placing fifth. Since September 2009, Ewen is a member of the girl group Sugababes.
Filmography
The Bill
Casualty
Out There
Mr Harvey Lights Candles
Myths
References
Other websites
1988 births
Living people
Actors from London
Black British actors
Black British musicians
English singer-songwriters
English television actors
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
People from the London Borough of Newham
Singers from London
Sugababes members
Hyltebruk

Hyltebruk is an urban area in the county of Halland in Sweden. It is the seat of Hylte Municipality.
References
Settlements in Halland County