pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Fear Factor

Fear Factor is an American stunt/dare reality game show. It was created by Endemol Netherlands. The program was first aired on June 11, 2001.
About the show
The original Dutch version of the program was called Now or Neverland. When Endemol USA and NBC changed it to be shown in America in 2001, they changed the name to Fear Factor. Fear Factor has many different versions which are shown in different countries.
The program has contestants compete against each other in a series of stunts. The person who finishes better and/or quicker than all the other contestants gets a prize of US$50,000. For the first five years the program was made, the contestants were usually three men and three women. Each person played for themselves. In the sixth year, the show changed. They started using four teams of two people. The members of each team had some relationship with one another, for example Father-daughter, Husband-wife, or friends. Each team played for a shared prize of the same amount. Fear Factor is hosted by comedian Joe Rogan and executive produced by Matt Kunitz. The main music for the program is composed and written by Russ Landau. Other music used on the show is made from rhythmic themes most notably taken from the popular game Half-Life.
Fear Factor was an attempt by NBC to compete with the successful series, Survivor. The program was very popular for the network in the summer of 2001. It had strong ratings for the next couple of years, but in later years, the ratings were not as good. In 2006, Fear Factor was being shown at the same time as TV ratings champion, the Fox talent series American Idol on Tuesday nights. It did not get good ratings during this time. During the sixth season, NBC decided to not show the program for the rest of the year to make room for the sitcom Joey. That series was only shown for a few weeks. NBC canceled Fear Factor in May of 2006. The network began showing the remaining episodes of the sixth season on June 13, 2006. These episodes were shown throughout the summer. In 2004, Fear Factor became the first network reality show to be syndicated. Over its six seasons, Fear Factor earned NBC a reported $600 million from selling advertising during the program.
On May 31, 2011, NBC announced that Fear Factor would be revived for a new season. Eight episodes, two of which were 30 minutes long, were ordered. Rogan returned as host of the show. The revival began on December 12, 2011. On May 13, 2012, NBC announced the cancellation of the show. The last episode aired on July 16, 2012.
References
Other websites
Official Fear Factor website
UK Gameshows Page: Fear Factor (about the UK version)
Fear Factor - France on TF1
Fear Factor India
Fear Factor Turkey
American reality television series
NBC network shows
English-language television programs
Johnny Winter

John Dawson Winter III (February 23, 1944 - July 16, 2014) was an American albino blues musician from Beaumont, Texas. His brother, Edgar Winter, is also a famous musician. He also worked as producer and produced two Grammy winning albums of Muddy Waters (Hard again, I'm ready).
He died in his hotel room in Zurich, Switzerland, aged 70. It happened two days after his last performance there. The cause of his death is currently unknown.
Discography
Official albums
First Winter (1969, Buddha)
The Progressive Blues Experiment (1968, Sonobeat)
Johnny Winter (1969)
Second Winter (1969)
Johnny Winter And (1970)
Live Johnny Winter And (1971)
Roadwork (1972) - with Edgar Winter's White Trash
Still Alive and Well (1973)
Saints & Sinners (1974)
John Dawson Winter III (1974)
Captured Live! (1976)
Together (1976) with Edgar Winter
Nothin' But the Blues (1977)
White, Hot and Blue (1978)
Raisin' Cain (1980)
Guitar Slinger (1984)
Serious Business (1985)
Third Degree (1986)
The Winter of '88 (1988)
Let Me In (1991)
Hey, Where's Your Brother? (1992)
Scorchin' Blues (1992)
Live In NYC '97 (1998)
I'm A Bluesman (2004)
The Johnny Winter Anthology (2009) via Shout! Factory
The Woodstock Experience (2009)
Compilation albums
The Johnny Winter Story (1969)
About Blues (1970)
Early Times (1970)
Before The Storm (1970)
Birds Can't Row Boats (1988)
The Texas Tornado (1992)
A Rock n' Roll Collection (1994)
White Hot Blues (1997)
Winter Blues (1997)
Texas Blues: The Early Years (1998)
The Return of Johnny Guitar - best of 1984-86 (2000)
Deluxe Edition (Alligator) (2001)
The Best of Johnny Winter (Sony) (2002)
Non-official albums
Austin, TX also known as The Progressive Blues Experiment (1972)
Dervish Blues (live San Bernardino, Ca.) (1975)
Whole Lotta Love (1978)
Ready for Winter (1981)
Still Blues After All These Years/Live In Chicago (1990)
A Lone Star Kind of Day (Relix- Roy C. Ames production) (1991)
Jack Daniels Kind of Day (1992)
White Lightning (1996)
Back in Beaumont (2000)
Blues'N' Tattoo (recorded Live at Central Park New York - 1980-07-27)
References
Other websites
Official website
1944 births
2014 deaths
American guitarists
American record producers
Blues guitarists
People from Beaumont, Texas
Musicians from Texas
Musicians from Mississippi
Parade Square

Parade Square () is a big city square in central Warsaw, Poland. It was established in 1955 by the Soviet Union together with the building of the Palace of Culture and Science. The square is one of the biggest in Europe and the world. It was used in the Communist period by the government of People's Republic of Poland for military parades. After the fall of communism in Poland in 1989 the square was abandoned and made into a marketplace.
Other websites
Warsaw Takes Steps on Parade Square Development in The Wall Street Journal.
Warsaw
Buildings and structures in Poland
Town squares in Europe
National squares
1955 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Poland
1950s establishments in the Soviet Union
Lake County, Florida

Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on May 27, 1887. As of 2020, 383,956 people lived there. Lake County's seat is Tavares.
References
Other websites
Official county website
Florida counties
1887 establishments in Florida
Guru Amar Das

Guru Amar Das (5 May 1479 - 1 September 1574) was the third of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism. He became Sikh Guru on 26 March 1552 at age 73.
References
Sikhism
1479 births
1574 deaths
Punjabi people
Spiritual teachers
List of Jordanian consorts

This is a list of all the queens consort of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. No woman is allowed to be a queen regnant.
References
consorts
Letter (paper)

A letter is a message in writing that is sent to others, often by post (mail). The sender addresses it to the intended reader. For example:
Letter is more personal and official than phone conversation or an email.
Related pages
Electronic mail
Envelope
Gallows letter
Letter box
Postcard
Telegram
Jamaica, Vermont

Jamaica is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Santa Rosa, La Pampa

Santa Rosa () is a city in the Argentine Pampas, and the capital city of La Pampa Province, Argentina.
Other websites
Santa Rosa Municipality (Spanish)
Department of Transportation
Tourism (English)
Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Anita Soina

Anita Soina is a Kenyan environmental lawyer. She is from the Maasai community. She wrote The Green War. She founded the Spice Warriors. It is a group that stands for climate change in Kenya.
Activism
In 2018, Soina founded the Spice Warriors. It was under the mentorship of Eric Mastsanza. It was an environmental initiative group in Nairobi. It stands for environmental sustainability in Kenya. She also attended "2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference" in November 2021. In the event, she gave her opinion about her country's National Drought emergency and flood in Great Rift Valley.
Politics
Soina joined United Democratic Alliance (UDA) as her first party. She contested on Member of Parliament position. She represented North Kajiado, Kenya in the 13th Parliament of Kenya. Later, on 24 March 2022, she left UDA to join "Green Thinking Action Party" (GTAP). She represented the same position. She moved to GTAP because the party decided to remove nomination fee for women aspirant who join the election in the party.
Bibliography
2020: Green War.
References
Other websites
Official Website
2000 births
Living people
Kenyan politicians
Climate activists
Kenyan lawyers
Kenyan activists
Viva Maria!

Viva Maria! is a 1965 French Italian adventure comedy movie directed by Louis Malle and starring George Hamilton, Jeanne Moreau, Brigitte Bardot, Adriana Roel, Claudio Brook, Paulette Dubost, Gregor von Rezzori. It was distributed by United Artists.
Other websites
1965 adventure movies
1965 comedy movies
French adventure movies
French comedy movies
Italian adventure movies
Italian comedy movies
Movies set in the 1900s
Movies directed by Louis Malle
Movies set in Central America
Sacrifice (2012)

Sacrifice (2012) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on May 13, 2012 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the eighth Sacrifice event that TNA held and was also the fifth event in TNA's 2012 pay-per-view schedule.
There were eight matches on the card. The main event saw Bobby Roode defeat Rob Van Dam in a Ladder match to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship.
Sacrifice gained mixed to positive reviews. Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter thought of the show as an, "easy thumbs up show", he would also said, "I will admit to be bored through some of the early parts of it. That wasn't necessarily due to the show not being good, but mainly because I'm rather cold on the product at the moment...Things really picked up for the last three matches. Austin Aries had his breakout match in TNA tonight. If, and that's a big IF, TNA follows up on it properly, they may have something here with Austin Aries."
Matches
References
Other websites
Official TNA Sacrifice website
2012 in American television
2012 in professional wrestling
Sports in Orlando, Florida
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling pay-per-view events
2012 in Florida
2010s in Orlando, Florida
Tarqeq (moon)

Tarqeq or Saturn LII (provisional designation S/2007 S 1) is a moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on April 13, 2007, from observations taken between January 5, 2006 and March 22, 2007.
The semi-major axis of Tarqeq is 17,910,000 km and it orbits Saturn in 894.86 days. The orbit is at an inclination of 49.90deg (to the ecliptic; 49.77degto Saturn's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.1081. The diameter of the moon is 7 km. It is a member of the Inuit group of non-spherical moons.
Tarqeq is named after Tarqeq, the Inuit moon god.
Saturn's moons
List of Olympic medalists for Cuba

This is a list of competitors for Cuba who have won a medal in the Olympic Games.
References
Lists of sportspeople
Cuba
Olympic medalists
Juan López (football manager, born 1908)

Juan Lopez Fontana (15 March 1908 - 4 October 1983) was a Uruguayan football manager. He won the 1950 FIFA World Cup as the manager of Uruguay.
Honours
Manager
Penarol
Uruguayan Primera Division: 1953, 1954
Uruguay
FIFA World Cup: 1950
References
Other websites
Short biography
1908 births
1983 deaths
Sportspeople from Montevideo
Uruguayan football managers
Penarol managers
Chim Chim Cher-ee

"Chim Chim Cher-ee" is a song from Mary Poppins, the 1964 musical movie. It was sung by Dick Van Dyke and Julie Andrews. It won the 1964 Academy Award for the Best Original Song.
The song was inspired by one of the drawings of a chimney sweep. It was covered and redone through other musicians.
1964 songs
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songs
Burl Ives songs
Bing Crosby songs
Louis Armstrong songs
1920 North Dakota Blizzard

The 1920 North Dakota blizzard was a severe blizzard that killed 34 people from March 15-18, 1920 in the U.S. state of North Dakota.
Severity
High winds and an eight-inch (20-centimeter) snowfall stopped rail service in Bismarck, North Dakota. Only one telephone line functioned between Fargo, North Dakota, and Minneapolis, Minnesota.
20th century in North Dakota
March events
1920 in the United States
Historic blizzards in the United States
Paulo Vitor

Paulo Vitor may refer to:
Paulo Vitor (footballer, born 1957), born Paulo Vitor Barbosa de Carvalho, Brazilian football goalkeeper
Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa (born 1987), Brazilian Magic: The Gathering player
Paulo Vitor (footballer, born 1988), born Paulo Vitor Fagundes dos Anjos, Brazilian football goalkeeper
Paulo Vitor (footballer, born 1999), born Paulo Vitor Fernandes Pereira, Brazilian football winger
Paulo Vitor (footballer, born 2004), born Paulo Vitor Monteiro, Brazilian football defender/midfielder
Related pages
Paulo Victor (disambiguation)
Paul Victor (footballer) (born 1984), Dominica football defender
Gignese

Gignese is a comune in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Lake District National Park

The Lake District National Park is a National Park in North West England. It includes all of the central Lake District. The town of Kendal, some coastal areas, and the Lakeland Peninsulas are outside the park boundary.
The area was made a national park on 9 May 1951.
It is the most visited national park in the United Kingdom with 16.4 million visitors per year and more than 24 million visitor-days per year.
The Lake District is completely inside Cumbria, a county and administrative unit created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972.
All the land in England higher than above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England.
References
1950s establishments in England
1951 establishments in the United Kingdom
National parks in the United Kingdom
Cumbria
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Hydrogen fluoride

Hydrogen fluoride is a chemical compound. It is a highly toxic colorless gas. Its chemical formula is HF. It dissolves in water to produce hydrofluoric acid, a strongly toxic corrosive acid. It is used to make fluorine. It is used as a catalyst. It is much more easily liquified (made into liquid) than any other hydrogen halide.
Related pages
Hydrogen chloride
Fluoride
Hydrogen bromide
Fluorine compounds
Catalysts
Goar Vartanian

Goar Levonovna Vartanian ( ; 25 January 1926 - 25 November 2019) was an Armenian woman who spied for the Soviet Union together with her husband Gevork Vartanian.
She became a member of an anti-fascist group in 1942. They uncovered and prevented Operation Long Jump, an attempt by the Nazis to murder Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill, and Franklin Roosevelt at the Tehran Conference in 1943.
Vartanian died on 25 November 2019 at the age of 93.
References
1926 births
2019 deaths
Armenian people
Spies
Kappa (folklore)

The Kappa (also called Kawatarou, Kawako, Kawaranbe, Gataro) is a character in Japanese folklore. It is water spirit (yokai) that is responsible for mischief. The Kappa is said to be the size of a 6 to 10-year-old boy. It has the body of a tortoise and an ape-like head. The most notable thing about its body is a hole in its head that holds the kappa's strength giving water. They are said to live off of blood and to drain the life out of people. They are known for innocent pranks such as theft, but it is also said that they will rape women and eat children. The only things kappas enjoy more than children are cucumbers. To write a name on a cucumber and to throw it into a river is said to save that person from being eaten by the kappa.
Bowser (known as "Kuppa" in Japan), the main antagonist of the popular Nintendo's Mario videogame series, was based on the creature.
References
Mark Schumacher (2004). Kappa -- River Imp or Sprite.
Japanese folklore
Australia's Next Top Model (season 7)

Australia's Next Top Model, Cycle 7 is the seventh season of Australia's Next Top Model. It began airing on August 2011. This cycle includes 16 contestants. The winner was 17-year-old Montana Cox from Melbourne.
Contestants
Top 16 (Finalists)
Prizes
A modeling contract with Chic Model Management
A spread & cover in Harper's Bazaar
A $20,000 cash prize by U By Kotex
A brand New Ford Fiesta
A trip to New York City to meet with NEXT Model Managment
Episodes
Episode 1
casting episode
Episode 2
Best: Rachel Riddell
Worst: Georgia Stensness, Lauren Middlin, Sarah Boulazeris, Shannon Gaitz & Simone Holtznagel
Eliminated: Georgia Stensness, Lauren Middlin, Sarah Boulazeris & Shannon Gaitz
Episode 3
Best: Yolanda Hodgson
Worst: Cassy Phillips-Sainsbury & Hazel O'Connell
Eliminated: Cassy Phillips-Sainsbury
Episode 4
Best: Liz Braithwaite
Worst: Tayah Lee-Traub & Alissandra Moone
Eliminated: Tayah Lee-Traub
Episode 5
Best: Montana Cox
Worst: Alissandra Moone, Annaliese McCann & Neo Yakuac
Eliminated: Alissandra Moone & Annaliese McCann
Episode 6
Best: Montana Cox
Worst/Eliminated: Caroline Austin & Neo Yakuac
Episode 7
Best: Rachel Riddell
Worst: Yolanda Hodgson, Jess Bush & Amelia Coutts
Eliminated: Yolanda Hodgson
Episode 8
Best: Simone Holtznagel
Worst: Liz Braithwaite, Jess Bush & Amelia Coutts
Eliminated: Jess Bush & Amelia Coutts
Episode 9
Best: Hazel O'Connell
Worst: Madeline Huett & Izzy Vesey
Eliminated: Madeline Huett
Episode 10
Best: Montana Cox
Worst/Eliminated: Izzy Vesey & Hazel O'Connell
Episode 11
Best: Montana Cox
Worst: Rachel Riddell & Simone Holtznagel
Eliminated: Rachel Riddell
Episode 12
recap episode
Episode 13
Best: Montana Cox
Worst: Liz Braithwaite & Simone Holtznagel
Eliminated: Simone Holtznagel
Final Two: Liz Braithwaite & Montana Cox
Winner: Montana Cox
Australian television
Top Model television series
Tulsa Revolution

The Tulsa Revolution is a professional soccer team from Tulsa, Oklahoma that plays in the Central Division of the American Indoor Soccer League.
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Defunct American soccer teams
Hold On (Yes song)

"Hold On" is a 1983 song by English progressive rock band Yes and is the second track from their 11th studio album 90125. It went to number 43 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart and the live version made 27 on the Mainstream Rock chart in 1985.
References
1983 songs
1980s ballads
Rock ballads
Yes (band) songs
Marine Parade

Marine Parade is a planning area and residential estate located in the Central Region of Singapore. Marine Parade is on the tip of the East Coast Park. Marine Parade is at the eastern portion of the Central Reigion.
It boarders five other planning areas. It is the planning areas of Geylang to the north, Kallang to the northwest, Bedok to the northeast, Marina East to the southwest and the Singapore Straits to the south.
History
Before World War Two
Throughout the early to mid 20th century, Marine Parade was a haven for the wealthy community of Singapore. Katong Laska was also founded in Marine Parade around this time.
After World War Two
Since World War Two affected Singapore, after the war, Marine Parade was heavily destroyed. Due to the destruction, a seawall needed repair and the area needed redevelopment. After an argument between the colonial government and the city council, S$318,000 was given to the city council. That money was used to repair the seawall and develop Marine Parade.
After independence
In 1966, the Singaporean government wanted to improve the East Coast in Singapore. It by reclaiming land and building new public housing estates.
In 1966, land reclamation works were started around Marine Parade as part of the larger reclamation project planned for the East Coast.
In the 1970s, the estate was mostly completed. There were new Housing Development Board (HDB) blocks and spaces for the residents.
Marine Parade mainly consists of HDB flats. Today, many private condominiums are also being built in the area.
Infrastructure
Mass Rapid Transit
Marine Parade will be soon served by a few stations on the Mass Rapid Transit network. It will be served on the Thomson-East Coast Line. It will be opened in stage four, which is in 2024.
Community Building
The Marine Parade Community Building is a three story complex. It was completed in 2000. The complex is famous for it's wall mural around the building. It is called "Texturefulness of Life".
The building is home to the Marine Parade Community Club, the Marine Parade Public Library and a performing arts group, The Necessary Stage.
Town Centre
Marine Parade Promenade
Marine Parade is served by a town centre. Named the Marine Parade Promenade, the centre itself consists of several neighbourhood shops, Parkway Centre and a commercial complex. The complex is named Parkway Parade and it houses offices and a shopping mall.
Marine Terrace Haven
Marine Terrace Haven consists of many shops. It houses the Marine Parade Town Council Office and Marine Parade Neighbourhood Police Centre.
Education
Marine Parade has many schools. The bottom shows the schools in Marine Parade.
Primary Schools
CHIJ (Katong) Primary
Ngee Ann Primary School
Tao Nan School
Haig Girls' School
Secondary Schools
CHIJ Katong Convent
St. Patrick's School
Chung Cheng High School (Main)
Tanjong Katong Secondary School
Tanjong Katong Girls' School
Victoria School
Junior College
Victoria Junior College
References
Other Websites
Marine Parade Town Council
Lentibulariaceae

Lentibulariaceae is a family of plants, sometimes called the 'bladderwort family'. It only has three genera: Pinguicula, Genlisea, and Utricularia. They are all carnivorous plants (plants which trap and digest insects). They are in the order Lamiales.
Plant families
1970 Formula One season

The 1970 Formula One season crowned as champion Jochen Rindt.
Season review
1970 Drivers Championship final standings
Formula One seasons
1970 in sports
Marcus Vinicius D'Almeida

Marcus Vinicius Carvalho Lopes D'Almeida is an archer from Brazil. D'Almeida competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, the 2016 Summer Olympics, and the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was born on 30 January 1998.
References
Other websites
1998 births
Living people
Brazilian archers
Brazilian Olympians
Sportspeople from Rio de Janeiro
Belleville, Ontario

Belleville is a city in the southeastern part of Ontario, Canada. It is the seat of Hastings County. About 48,820 people were living in Belleville as of the year 2006.
Media
CJBQ 800
CIJL 97.1
Sister cities
Lahr, Germany
Kunpow, South Korea
Zhucheng, People's Republic of China
Other websites
City of Belleville website
bellevilleontario.ca
References
Cities in Ontario
Fernando Giudicelli

Fernando Guidicelli (1 March 1906 - 28 December 1968) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
References
1906 births
1968 deaths
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro
Chelan County, Washington

Chelan County is a county in Washington in the United States. The county seat is at Wenatchee. At the 2020 census, 79,074 people lived there.
References
19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1899 establishments in the United States
Washington (state) counties
New River tree frog

The New River tree frog (Trachycephalus hadroceps) is a frog that lives in Guyana and French Guiana. Scientists think it might also live in Suriname.
References
Frogs of South America
Barengo

Barengo is a comune in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Football player Giampiero Boniperti was born here.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Michael Tree

Michael Tree (born Michael Applebaum; February 19, 1934 - March 30, 2018) was an American violist. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. He played a circa 1750 Domenicus Busan viola from Venice, Italy. Tree played on a viola made by mid 20th-century luthier Harvey Fairbanks of Binghamton, New York.
Tree appeared as violin and viola soloist with major orchestras, including the Philadelphia, Baltimore, Los Angeles, and New Jersey. He was a founding member of the Marlboro Trio and Guarneri Quartet.
Tree died in Manhattan on March 30, 2018 of Parkinson's disease at the age of 84.
References
Other websites
University of Maryland profile
1934 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American violinists
Musicians from New York City
Musicians from Newark, New Jersey
Pomaia

Pomaia is a little village (it: frazione), near the city of (it: comune) Santa Luce, in the Province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy. The village is a very important point for Buddhism in Italy. In Pomaia, one of biggest Tibetan monasteries, called the "Lama Zong Khapa Institute", can be seen.
Economy
Pomaia has an economy based on agriculture and tourism.
Tourism
On April in Pomaia there is a Sagra, a local festival about broad beans, followed by a lot of people and many tourists. Many tourists come in Pomaia, for to see the Buddhist manifestations in the Buddhist Monastery of Pomaia.
Other websites
Website of Lama Zong Khapa Institute
Towns in Tuscany
Fallout: New Vegas

Fallout: New Vegas is a role-playing video game. It was made by Obsidian Entertainment and published by Bethesda Softworks. It was made after Fallout 3 and is very similar to it, but it is a sequel to Fallout 2 (because Fallout 3 started a new story). This is because some of the employees at Obsidian Entertainment used to work at Interplay Productions and Black Isle Studios, the companies that made Fallout 1 and Fallout 2. It takes place in Nevada 204 years after nuclear bombs destroyed all the governments in the world.
The game was released on October 19, 2010, in North America, on October 22, 2010 in Europe, on November 4, 2010, in Asia, and on October 21, 2010 Australia. It can be played on a computer, Xbox 360, or PlayStation 3.
Fallout series
Role-playing video games
2010 video games
Windows games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Interstate 359

Interstate 359 (I-359) is a part of the Interstate Highway System in the US state of Alabama. It is a spur route that runs for in Tuscaloosa. Its southern end is at I-20/I-59 and its northern end is at U.S. Highway 43 (US 43) in downtown Tuscaloosa. The entire length is signed with U.S. Highway 11 (US 11) and Alabama State Route 69 (SR 69).
References
Interstate Highways
Villemereuil

Villemereuil is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
Communes in Aube
Kōbō Abe

was a Japanese writer. Abe's birth name was . His most notable work include The Woman in the Dunes, The Face of Another, and The Box Man. E. Dale Saunders translated these works into English. The Woman in the Dunes was made into a 1964 award-winning movie by Hiroshi Teshigahara.
Early life
He was born in Kita, Tokyo, Japan and grew up in Mukden (Shenyang), Manchuria. He studied at Seijo High School before returning to Manchuria. Abe later studied medicine at the Tokyo Imperial University (University of Tokyo). There, he began writing novellas and short stories.
Career
His first poem that was published was in the poem magazine Mumei-shishu ("Poems of an Unknown") in 1947. His first published novel was Owarishi michi no shirube ni ("The Road Sign at the End of the Street") in 1948. He won the Akutagawa Prize in 1951 for the short story collection The Crime of S. Karuma.
Abe's first internationally known work was The Woman in the Dunes. This was a novel he published in 1962. The novel won the Yomiuri Prize that same year. A movie based on the novel by Hiroshi Teshigahara was made in 1964.
His next award-winning work was Friends. This was a play published in 1967. It won the Tanizaki Prize the same year.
Death
Abe died on January 22, 1993 due to heart failure in Tokyo after a short illness.
References
Japanese writers
Writers from Tokyo
Deaths from heart failure
Japanese novelists
Japanese poets
List of German football transfers summer 2013

This is a list of German football transfers in the summer transfer window 2013 by club. Only transfers of the Bundesliga, and 2. Bundesliga are included.
Bundesliga
Bayern Munich
In:
Out:
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Borussia Dortmund
In:
Out:
Bayer 04 Leverkusen
In:
Out:
FC Schalke 04
In:
Out:
SC Freiburg
In:
Out:
Eintracht Frankfurt
In:
Out:
Hamburger SV
In:
Out:
Borussia Monchengladbach
In:
Out:
Hannover 96
In:
Out:
1. FC Nurnberg
In:
Out:
VfL Wolfsburg
In:
Out:
VfB Stuttgart
In:
Out:
1. FSV Mainz 05
In:
Out:
Werder Bremen
In:
Out:
FC Augsburg
In:
Out:
1899 Hoffenheim
In:
Out:
Hertha BSC
In:
Out:
Eintracht Braunschweig
In:
Out:
2. Bundesliga
Fortuna Dusseldorf
In:
Out:
SpVgg Greuther Furth
In:
Out:
1. FC Kaiserslautern
In:
Out:
FSV Frankfurt
In:
Out:
1. FC Koln
In:
Out:
1860 Munich
In:
Out:
1. FC Union Berlin
In:
Out:
Energie Cottbus
In:
Out:
VfR Aalen
In:
Out:
FC St. Pauli
In:
Out:
SC Paderborn 07
In:
Out:
FC Ingolstadt 04
In:
Out:
VfL Bochum
In:
Out:
FC Erzgebirge Aue
In:
Out:
Dynamo Dresden
In:
Out:
SV Sandhausen
In:
Out:
Karlsruher SC
In:
Out:
Arminia Bielefeld
In:
Out:
References
Other websites
Official site of the DFB
kicker.de
Official site of the Bundesliga
Official site of the Bundesliga
2013 in association football
2014 in association football
Football in Germany
Appomattox Campaign

The Appomattox Campaign was a military campaign during the American Civil War. It happened in 1865 in Virginia. At the start of the campaign from March 30-April 1, 1865, Union general U.S. Grant captured Petersburg, Virginia. Confederate general Robert E. Lee tried to get the Army of Northern Virginia moved to North Carolina, so he could fight along with other Confederate soldiers. But Grant surrounded Lee's army at Appomattox Courthouse and forced Lee to surrender. After Lee's surrender, other Confederate armies started to surrender too.
American Civil War battles
1865 in the United States
1860s in Virginia
Glen Canyon Dam

Glen Canyon Dam is a large dam on the Colorado River. It is in Page, Arizona. The dam is 583 feet high and it is 1,560 feet wide. It creates Lake Powell which is 186 miles long. The purpose of the dam is to create electricity and to prevent floods. The reservoir can store 27 million acre-feet of water (which is the amount of water that can cover one acre to 1 foot deep). Construction of the dam began in 1956. It was able to begin storing the flow of the river in 1963.
Other websites
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
Glen Canyon Dam page from the Bureau of Reclamation
Images of Glen Canyon before it was flooded
Article by David Brower on restoring Glen Canyon
The Glen Canyon Institute
1995 Glen Canyon EIS
New Environmental Impact Assessment of the Glen Canyon Dam (2006)
Dams in the United States
Buildings and structures in Arizona
1963 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Arizona
Lunar year

A lunar year (used in some calendars) of 12 synodic months (12 cycles of lunar phases) is about 354 days long. A cosmic year is the time (about 225 million years) needed for the solar system to revolve once around the centre of the Milky Way.
Calendars
The Lion Guard

The Lion Guard is an American animated television series made by Ford Riley and based on Disney's 1994 film The Lion King.
References
The Lion King
Celtic Park

Celtic Park is a football stadium in Parkhead, Glasgow, Scotland. It is the home ground of Celtic Football Club.
Buildings and structures in Glasgow
Football stadiums in Scotland
Jon Sciambi

Jon "Boog" Sciambi (born April 11, 1970 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American sportscaster for ESPN. He currently calls Major League Baseball games for ESPN Radio and formerly did television work for ESPN. He also calls college basketball for ESPN, ESPNU (occasionally), and ESPN Radio. He was a play-by-play announcer for the Florida Marlins and Atlanta Braves as well as ESPN Little League World Series.
Sciambi's nickname "Boog," is because he looks like former major league player Boog Powell.
References
1970 births
Living people
College basketball broadcasters
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Damascus, Virginia

Damascus is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
Tri-Cities, Tennessee
Wilhelm Röntgen

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (27 March 1845 10 February 1923) was a German physicist who discovered X-rays. In 1901, he was the first person to win the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Early life
Rontgen was born at Lennep in the Lower Rhine Province of Germany. His father was a manufacturer and dealer of cloth. His mother was of an old Lennep family which had settled in Amsterdam. Rontgen was three when his family moved to Apeldoorn in The Netherlands.
Education
In Apeldoorn, he attended the Institute of Martinus Herman van Doorn, a boarding school. In 1862, he attended a technical school at Utrecht, but was expelled. He then entered the University of Utrecht in 1865 to study physics.
He entered the Polytechnic at Zurich as a student of mechanical engineering. He worked in the laboratory of Kundt. In 1869 he graduated Ph.D. at the University of Zurich. He became Kundt's assistant and went with him to Wurzburg. Three years later, they went to Strasbourg.
Career
Rontgen held positions in various European universities, but his fame rests with his discovery of (what he called) x-rays. He received many honours and awards, doctorates, and honorary doctorates. He was a modest man who enjoyed the outdoors and mountain climbing.
Personal
Rontgen was married to Anna Bertha Ludwig (m. 1872, d. 1919) and had one child, Josephine Bertha Ludwig. The child was adopted at age 6, in 1887. She was the daughter of Georges's brother.
Rontgen died on 10 February 1923 from carcinoma of the intestine in Munich, Germany, aged 77.
References
1845 births
1923 deaths
German academics
German Nobel Prize winners
German physicists
Hartley

Hartley could mean
Places
In England
In Cumbria
Hartley, Cumbria (village)
Hartley Castle
In Devon
Hartley, Plymouth (see Places in Plymouth)
In Kent
Hartley, Kent
Hartley, Cranbrook
In Northumberland
New Hartley
Old Hartley, part of Seaton Sluice
Worldwide
Hartley, South Australia Australia
Electoral district of Hartley is a state electoral district in South Australia.
Hartley, New South Wales Australia
Hartley's Creek, Queensland Australia
Hartley Bay, British Columbia Canada
Hartley, Texas, United States
Hartley County, Texas, United States
Hartley, Iowa, United States
Hartley, Zimbabwe (formerly called Rhodesia)
People
Adele Hartley
Aidan Hartley
Al Hartley
A. N. Hartley
Alex Hartley
Alfred Hartley
Ann Hartley
Anne Jane Hartley
Anthony Hartley (1925-2000), British writer and critic
Bill Hartley
Bill Hartley (athlete)
Blythe Hartley
Bob Hartley
David Hartley (philosopher) (1705-1757), English philosopher and psychologist
David Hartley (the Younger) (1731-1813), Member of Parliament and son of the English philosopher
Edmund Barron Hartley
Fergal Hartley
Fred Hartley
Fred A. Hartley, Jr., U.S. politician, known for sponsoring the Taft-Hartley Act
Gene Hartley
Grover Hartley
Hal Hartley
J. R. Hartley, fictional character
Jesse Hartley
Joe Hartley K-O Joe, renowned boxer, cricket player and professor of English literature (born late 1970s)
John Hartley:
John Hartley (poet) (1839-1915), Yorkshireman
John Anderson Hartley (1844-1896), Australian educationalist
John Hartley (tennis player) (1849-1935), English clergyman who won Wimbledon
John Hartley (cricketer) (1874-1963), played for Oxford and Sussex
Jonathan Scott Hartley
Julia Hartley-Brewer
Justin Hartley (born 1977), American actor
L. P. Hartley (1895-1972), British author
Lauren Hartley
Linda Hartley
Lindsay Hartley
Mariette Hartley
Marsden Hartley (1877-1943), American artist
Matthieu Hartley
Mike Hartley
Nina Hartley (born 1959), adult-film actress
Oliver C. Hartley
Paul Hartley
Peter Hartley
Phil "Otis" Hartley
Ralph Hartley (1888-1970), electronics researcher
Richard Hartley
Steven Hartley
Thomas Hartley
Wallace Hartley (1878-1912), violinist and band leader who died on the Titanic
Walter Hartley
Hartley William Shawcross (1902-2003), British barrister and politician
Other
hartley (ban) unit of information
Hartley Brewery, in Ulverston, Cumbria from c.1754 until about 1989.
Hartley College, Point Pedro, Sri Lanka
Hartley's Potato Chips, makers of kettle cooked potato chips since 1935, Lewistown, Pennsylvania
Hartley oscillator
USS Hartley, a Dealey class Destroyer Escort in the US Navy from 1957 to 1972
Other websites
Hartley Family Surname Research
Smithtown, New York

Smithtown is a town in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is on the North Shore of Long Island. This town is an eastern suburb of New York City.
The population was 117,801 at the 2010 Census.
References
Towns in New York (state)
Dorval Rodrigues

Dorval Rodrigues (26 February 1935 - 26 December 2021), simply known as Dorval, was a Brazilian footballer. He played mainly as a right winger. Rodrigues was born in Porto Alegre, Brazil. His career began in 1950 and he retired in 1972. He mainly played for Santos FC between 1956 until 1964. Rodrigues played for the Brazil national football team from 1959 until 1963, making 13 appearances.
Rodrigues died on 26 December 2021 at a hospital in Santos, Brazil at the age of 86.
References
1935 births
2021 deaths
Brazilian footballers
Pip and Jane Baker

Philip (1928 - 14 April 2020) and Jane Baker (died 8 September 2014), professionally known as Pip and Jane Baker, were an English husband-and-wife team of television writers. They were well known mainly for their works to the BBC science-fiction series Doctor Who. The Bakers worked on four differerent serials for the programme in the 1980s: The Mark of the Rani (1985), The Trial of a Time Lord (1986), Parts 9-12 and 14 (also known as Terror of the Vervoids and The Ultimate Foe); and Time and the Rani (1987).
Jane Baker died on 8 September 2014, while Pip Baker died on 14 April 2020.
References
1928 births
2014 deaths
2020 deaths
BBC people
English television writers
Mantis

A Mantis (order Mantodea) is a type of insect. They are usually known as praying mantids because of their prayer-like stance.
The group contains about 2,300 species. They occur in temperate and tropical habitats. Most are in are in the family Mantidae, and are called Mantids.
In Europe, the name "praying mantis" refers to only a single species, Mantis religiosa. They are sometimes confused with phasmids (stick insects).
The closest relatives of mantids are the order Blattodea (cockroaches and termites), and these two groups together are ranked as the Superorder Dictyoptera.
Life habit
Mantids are notable for their hunting abilities. They are predators, and their diet usually consists of living insects, including flies and aphids. Larger species have been known to prey on small lizards, frogs, birds, snakes, and even rodents.
Most mantids are ambush predators, waiting for prey to stray too near. The mantis then lashes out at remarkable speed. Some ground and bark species, however, pursue their prey rather quickly.
Prey are caught and held securely with grasping, spiked forelegs ('raptorial' legs); the first thoracic segment, the prothorax, is commonly elongated and flexibly articulated, allowing for greater range of movement of the front limbs while the remainder of the body remains more or less still.
The movement of the head is also remarkably flexible. It gives nearly 300 degrees of movement in some species. This allows for a great range of vision (their compound eyes have a large binocular field of vision) without having to move the rest of the body. As their hunting relies heavily on vision, they are mainly diurnal, but many species fly at night, when there is less chance of being taken by birds.
Mantids are masters of camouflage and most species make use of protective colouration to blend in with the foliage or substrate. This helps to avoid predators themselves, and to better snare their victims. They not only blend with the foliage, but mimic it, appearing as either living or withered leaves, sticks, tree bark, blades of grass, flowers, or even stones. Some species in Africa and Australia are able to turn black after a molt following a fire in the region to blend in with the fire ravaged landscape (fire melanism).
Mantids bite, but have no venom, and are not dangerous to humans. They are not chemically protected; nearly any large predatory animal will eat a mantis if it is able to detect it. Mantids are generally quite aggressive towards one another, in fact, and most species are readily cannibalistic when given the opportunity.
References
Insects
Mimicry
Fat-tailed dwarf lemur

The fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius), is a type of lemur. It is also called the lesser dwarf lemur, western fat-tailed dwarf lemur, or spiny forest dwarf lemur. It is only lives in Madagascar. It is nocturnal. It eats insects, other small animals, fruits and flowers. An adult weighs 160 grams.
References
Lemuriformes
Mammals of Africa
Mariaposching

Mariaposching is a municipality in Straubing-Bogen in Bavaria, Germany. It is a member of the municipal association Schwarzach.
It is on the river Danube.
References
Straubing-Bogen
Josh Lewin

Josh Lewin (born October 25, 1968) is an American sportscaster currently calling games for the New York Mets and formally with the Texas Rangers with Tom Grieve.
Lewin also called baseball games with the Rochester Red Wings, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago Cubs, Detroit Tigers, and Major League Baseball on Fox. Outside of baseball, he is the radio voice of the San Diego Chargers with Hank Bauer. He was the play-by-play announcer for the NFL on Sports USA and the NFL on Fox. He did some hockey games for the Dallas Stars (substituting for Ralph Strangis who was injured in a car accident), NHL on Fox, and Fox Sports Detroit's coverage of CCHA Hockey. He also handles various collegiate assignments. The Big Ten Network added Josh Lewin for their coverage of college football. Lewin also calls college basketball games for Fox Sports Net and Sports USA. Lewin has done play-by-play for Sports USA's coverage of college football. Lewin formally called play-by-play for basketball games for the Michigan State University and Southern Methodist University. Josh was the host of The Josh and Elf Show until being replaced by Jane Slater, as the Elf and Slater show, since Lewin was hired by the New York Mets replacing Wayne Hagin.
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
National Hockey League broadcasters
College football broadcasters
College basketball broadcasters
1968 births
Living people
Property tax

A property tax (or millage tax) is a levy on property that the owner is required to pay. The tax is imposed by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. The tax may be paid to a national, state, provincial, county, regional, or municipality governmant. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property. This is in contrast to a rent or mortgage tax, which is based on a percentage of the rent or mortgage value.
There are four broad types of property: land, immovable property, personal property and intellectual property. Real property (also called real estate or realty) means the combination of land and improvements. Under a property tax system, the government requires and/or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property. A tax is assessed based on that value. Forms of property tax used vary among countries and jurisdictions. Real property is often taxed based on its classification. Classification is the grouping of properties based on similar use.
Properties in different classes are taxed at different rates. Examples of different classes of property are residential, commercial, industrial and vacant real property. In Israel, for example, property tax rates are double for vacant apartments versus occupied apartments. In the Canadian province of British Columbia a speculation tax on residential properties has been introduced in 2019.
A special assessment tax is sometimes confused with property tax. These are two distinct forms of taxation: one (Ad valorem tax) relies upon the appraised fair market value of the property being taxed. The other (special assessment) relies upon a special enhancement called a "benefit" for its justification.
The property tax rate is often given as a percentage. It may also be expressed as a per mille (amount of tax per thousand currency units of property value), which is also known as a millage rate or mill (which is also one-thousandth of a currency unit). To calculate the property tax, the authority will multiply the assessed value of the property by the mill rate. Then they will divide by 1,000. For example, a property with an assessed value of $50,000 located in a municipality with a mill rate of 20 mills would have a property tax bill of $1,000 per year.
References
Taxation
Property
Poisson distribution

In probability and statistics, Poisson distribution is a probability distribution. It is named after Simeon Denis Poisson. It measures the probability that a certain number of events occur within a certain period of time. The events need to be unrelated to each other. They also need to occur with a known average rate, represented by the symbol (lambda).
More specifically, if a random variable follows Poisson distribution with rate , then the probability of the different values of can be described as follows:
for
Examples of Poisson distribution include:
The numbers of cars that pass on a certain road in a certain time
The number of telephone calls a call center receives per minute
The number of light bulbs that burn out (fail) in a certain amount of time
The number of mutations in a given stretch of DNA after a certain amount of radiation
The number of errors that occur in a system
The number of Property & Casualty insurance claims experienced in a given period of time
Related pages
Binomial distribution
Exponential distribution
References
Probability distributions
Ryan North

Ryan M. North (born October 20, 1980) is a Canadian writer. He is the author of the comic strip Dinosaur Comics, as well as Whispered Apologies and several other projects. He is also the programmer of ohnorobot, a web comic search engine. Ryan North is also a member of The Ryans, a group dedicated to being called Ryan and making comics.
Other websites
Dinosaur Comics
Whispered Apologies
Canadian writers
Comics writers
1980 births
Living people
Sainte-Lunaise

Sainte-Lunaise is a former commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Cher department in central France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Corquoy.
References
Former communes in Cher
Walter Buser

Walter Buser (14 April 1926 - 17 August 2019) was a Swiss politician from the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SDP). He was born in Lausen, Switzerland. He defeated his opponents and became the first Social Democratic Chancellor of Switzerland serving from 1981 until his resignation in 1991.
Buser died on 17 August 2019 at the age of 93.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2019 deaths
Federal Chancellors of Switzerland
Hardcore Gamer

Hardcore Gamer is an video gaming magazine that based / published in United States. The magazine began in June 23, 2005, and founded by Tim Linquist. The final issue released on November 4, 2010, and became a online newspaper on the Hardcore Gamer magazine.
Other websites
Hardcore Gamer Official website
Magazines of Canada
Vickers machine gun

The Vickers machine gun (also known as the Vickers gun) was a machine gun that was used by the British Army from 1912 to 1968. It was made by Vickers Limited. The gun was very reliable. It was one of the most commonly used weapons in the first world war.
References
Medium machine guns
Uruguayan Primera Division

The Uruguayan Primera Division is the top division of Football in Uruguay.
2023 Clubs
Boston River
Cerro
Cerro Largo F.C.
Danubio
Defensor Sporting
Deportivo Maldonado
Fenix
La Luz
Liverpool
Montevideo City Torque
Montevideo Wanderers
Nacional
Plaza Colonia
Penarol
Racing Montevideo
River Plate
Football leagues in South America
Sallèles-Cabardès

Salleles-Cabardes is a commune of 119 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
St. Helens, Oregon

St. Helens is a city in Oregon in the United States. It is the county seat of Columbia County.
Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Bédarrides

Bedarrides is a commune of 5,110 people (as of 1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Communes in Vaucluse