pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Punjab Hill States agency

The Punjab Hill States Agency was an administrative unit of British India. The agency was created in 1936, and was made up a number of princely states in the present-day Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
In 1901 the Punjab States Agency was created, in 1936 the hilly parts of this became the Punjab Hill States Agency. The states came under British rule after the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16, and were known as the Simla Hill States. They later became part of the British province of Punjab, apart from Tehri-Garhwal, which was part of the United Provinces.
After Indian Independence in 1947, the states acceded to the Government of India, most of the states became the new state of Himachal Pradesh, with Tehri-Garhwal becoming part of Uttar Pradesh. In 2000, the northern portion of Uttar Pradesh, including the former state of Tehri-Garhwal, became the new Indian state of Uttarakhand.
1936 establishments in Asia
British India
Indian princely states
1930s establishments in India
Amparo Baró

Amparo Baro San Martin (21 September 1937 - 29 January 2015) was a Spanish actress. She starting working in theatres with Adolfo Marsillach. She was known for her role as "Sole" in 7 Vidas. Her career spanned more than 50 years.
Baro died from cancer in Madrid, Spain, aged 77.
References
Other websites
1937 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Spain
Spanish movie actors
Spanish television actors
Spanish stage actors
People from Barcelona
Taraneh Javanbakht

Taraneh Javanbakht (, born 12 May 1974) is an Iranian-Canadian scientist, philosopher, writer, artist, translator and activist.
Education
Javanbakht was first graduated with a bachelor's degree in Chemistry from the Shahid Beheshti University in 1996. She earned her first PhD in physical chemistry from the Pierre and Marie Curie University in 2002.Her first master's thesis was in physics. She moved to the University of Montreal to continue her postdoctoral research work in engineering and nanotechnology. She has studied and earned master's at Universite du Quebec a Montreal: in molecular biology in 2011 in Philosophy in 2016.
Career
Taraneh Javanbakht is an academic researcher and lecturer. She has worked at the Univerity of Montreal, Polytechnic of Montreal and Concordia University.
Works
Here is the list of some of her works:
Sciences and engineering
Javanbakht has worked on different projects on sciences (physics, chemistry, biology), nanotechnology and engineering. Her research works were published in scientific journals in France, Canada and United States. Some of her scientific works are as follows:
Research papers include:
Solid state synthesis of carbon-encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles and their interaction with living cells
Physicochemical properties of cellulose nanocrystals treated by photo-initiated chemical vapour deposition (PICVD)
Physicochemical properties of peptide-coated microelectrode arrays and their in vitro effects on neuroblast cells
Related physicochemical, rheological, and dielectric properties of nanocomposites of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with polyethyleneglycol
Relating the Surface Properties of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) to Their Bactericidal Effect towards a Biofilm of Streptococcus mutans
Charge effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on their surface functionalization by photo-initiated chemical vapour deposition
Philosophy
Javanbakht's works are in metaphysics, logic, philosophy of mind, epistemology, analytical philosophy, ethics, political philosophy and aesthetics. Her philosophical system, netism was published in Iran and Canada. She has also worked on the ethics of Rousseau and Voltaire.
Literature
Javanbakht's books of poetry and short stories were published in Iran. One of her poem books called Iranian Songs in Seven Languages is in several languages. She writes poems in Persian, Turkish, Arabic, English, French, German and Russian for it. Her poems and short stories has been published in several journals and magazines.
Arts
She is a painter, composer, sculptor and photographer. Her artworks have been published in several sources and presented in art exhibitions in Canada.
Human rights
Some of her works are in women's rights and human rights. She has written several papers on thiese isses She has written about the impacts of the cultural and intellectual progress on humanity.
References
Other websites
Taraneh Javanbakht
Painting Exhibition by Taraneh Javanbakht
1974 births
Living people
Canadian activists
Iranian philosophers
Iranian poets
Iranian writers
Canadian physicists
Canadian artists
Canadian philosophers
Poet

A poet is someone who writes poetry. Poetry can be written in any language by a poet.
Sappho was an Ancient Greek poet. She lived in Lesbos, Greece. She was famous for writing lyric love poems to women. She wrote in the Ancient Greek language.
Famous English poets are William Shakespeare, Alexander Pope, William Wordsworth, William Blake, John Keats, and Percy Shelley. They wrote in the English language. Their poetry comes in different styles and forms. Often their poetry is lyrical and rhymes.
The most famous American poets include Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman. They wrote in English. Often their poetry did not rhyme. They lived in the 19th century in the United States. Some 20th century American poets include Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, and John Ashbery.
Modern French poets are Arthur Rimbaud and Charles Baudelaire. Rimbaud was famous for his poetry collection called "Illuminations." Baudelaire wrote of beauty, decay, and spirituality in his famous work "Flowers of Evil."
Great Spanish poets are Garcilaso de la Vega, Frederico Garcia Lorca, Antonio Machado, and Gustavo Adolfo Becquer. Vicente Aleixandre won the Nobel Prize.
Three Latin American poets won the Nobel prize in the 20th century. They include Gabriela Mistral, Pablo Neruda, and Octavio Paz. They wrote in Spanish.
Caribbean poets Derek Walcott and Giannina Braschi wrote epic poetry. Winner of the Nobel Prize, Walcott wrote Omeros and In a Green Night in English. Giannina Braschi writes epic poetry in English, Spanglish, and Spanish, including Empire of Dreams
Ancient Chinese poets are Wang Wei, Du Fu, and Qu Yuan. They wrote in Chinese about nature and people.
Related pages
poetry
sonnet
References
Writing occupations
Non-periodic comet

Non-periodic comets are comets have only passed through the Solar System once. They do not orbit around the Sun, or they may take longer than 200 years to orbit. They are on orbits that will not bring them back to the Sun for hundreds, thousands, or even millions of years - if ever. Comets not expected to return to the Solar System include C/1980 E1, C/2000 U5, C/2001 Q4 (NEAT), C/2009 R1, C/1956 R1, and C/2007 F1 (LONEOS).
The official names of non-periodic comets begin with a "C"; comets that have been lost or disappeared have names that begin with a "D", like 3D/Biela.
Related pages
Comets
Periodic comets
References
Other websites
Comets
de:Liste der Kometen#Nicht- oder langperiodische Kometen
pam:Listaan da reng kometa#Deng kometang makikilala king lagyu
Neilsen rating

Nielsen ratings is an audience measurement system that was developed by the Nielsen Company. They created the system in an effort to determine the audience size and composition of television programming in the United States. The Nielsen Media Research was founded by Arthur Nielsen. Nielsen was a market analyst and began his career in the 1920s. He expanded his career into the radio market analysis during the 1930s. This helped give ratings of radio programing which was meant to provide statistics as to the markets of radio shows. In 1950, Nielsen moved to television and developed ratings systems using the methods he and his company had developed for radios.
Other websites
Nielsen Media Research website
Nielsen Media: FAQs - About the "Sweeps"
Slate: How Does "Sweeps" Week Work? (February 16, 2004)
Nielsen Global Technology and Information Center website
Information on Nielsen's Anytime Anywhere Media Measurement Initiative.
Television
Tentacle rape

Tentacle rape or shokushu goukan (Hong Shou Qiang Jian ) is illustrated pornography involving the rape of (often quite young) women. This animation is different from other animation methods due to use of tentacles to portray the rape. This was done to get around Japanese censorship laws that made it illegal to portray male genitalia being used for sexual penetration. Since tentacles are technically not genitals, they do not need to be censored.
Anime
Pornography
Aeroporto (Lisbon Metro)

Aeroporto is the terminal station on the Red Line of the Lisbon Metro. The station was built to serve the Lisbon Airport.
Lisbon Metro stations
Delft

Delft is a city in the province South Holland in the Netherlands. It is about halfway between Rotterdam and The Hague. It is famous for its Delft Blue pottery and the Delft University of Technology. It is the place where the royal family, the kings and queens, are buried. It has about 94,000 inhabitants.
Things to see
Delft is a city with typical Dutch canals, churches and large canal houses. The largest church in Delft is the Nieuwe Kerk (New Church).
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Oberaudorf

Oberaudorf (; Bavarian: Obaaudoaf) is a municipality in Rosenheim, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
References
Other websites
Municipalities in Bavaria
Rosenheim (district)
Catal Huyuk

Catal Huyuk was a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC. It is the largest and most well preserved Neolithic site found to date. The site is in Turkey: coordinates E37deg 40' 3'' N; 32deg 49' 42''. The population was about 6,000 and the food they ate was mainly wheat, barely and rice. Catal Huyuk had no roads, so dwellings were accessed via hatches or trap doors in the roofs of the buildings, which were in turn entered via ladders. No trace of a central government has ever been found at Catal Huyuk.
In July 2012, it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
References
Archaeological sites in Asia
World Heritage Sites in Turkey
Ancient settlements
Nocturnal animals

Nocturnal (Latin: nox - night, darkness) animals are animals that are mainly active during the night. They hunt or feed during the night, and sleep during the day. Diurnal animals do it the other way around.
Crepuscular animals are mostly active near dawn, dusk, and sometimes when the full moon throws light. Domestic cats hunt mice and voles mostly at this time.
Cathemeral animals are equally likely to be awake and active at any time of day or night.
Many nocturnal animals have good night vision. Their large eyes may be highly reflective when a bright light flashes on them. Owls and bats are typical nocturnal predators. More specifically, they have a larger cornea relative to their eye size than diurnal creatures. This increases their visual sensitivity in low-light conditions.
Examples of nocturnal animals
Owls
Bats
References
Zoology
Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district

Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Democrat Conor Lamb is the representative since elected in 2018. It contains the entirety of Beaver County, a small portion of southwestern Butler County, and all parts of Allegheny County.
References
Pennsylvania
Geography of Pennsylvania
Government of Pennsylvania
Tilly Edinger

Johanna Gabrielle Ottilie "Tilly" Edinger (13 November 1897 - 27 May 1967) was a German-American paleontologist and the founder of paleoneurology.
Tilly used fossil skulls to study the brains of extinct animals. She discovered that brain matter left imprints on skulls and this was the basis of her publications.
References
1897 births
1967 deaths
American paleontologists
German scientists
Fahrni

Fahrni is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Bern
Jackson, Ohio

Jackson is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is the county seat of Jackson County.
Cities in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
Castaneda, Switzerland

Castaneda is a municipality of the district of Moesa in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Graubunden
Pfunds

Pfunds is a municipality of the district of Landeck in the Austrian state of Tyrol. The main source of income is tourism.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Harvey Guillén

Javier "Harvey" Guillen (; born May 3, 1990) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as the human Guillermo de la Cruz in the 2019 television series What We Do in the Shadows.
He identifies as queer.
References
1990 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
LGBT people from California
Actors from Orange County, California
Queer people
Toyota Hilux

The (sometimes written as HiLux or in the past called the Hi-Lux, in North America since 1976 called the Toyota Truck, Toyota Pickup Truck, or Toyota Compact Truck, or sometimes in North America since 1995 the Toyota Tacoma) is a compact pickup truck sold by Toyota. Toyota has been building the Hilux since 1968. New versions have been made at least every decade since then. The most recent big change was in 2015, and the most recent small change was in 2017.
References
Hilux
1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Pickup trucks
FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup

The FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup is an international association football tournament for female players under the age of 17. It is organized by Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA).
Results
Teams reaching the top four
Awards
References
Ismaning

Ismaning is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. As of December 31, 2008, it had a population of 15,181.
References
Other websites
Munich (district)
Funky Divas

Funky Divas is a new jack swing-R&B studio album from 1992 by American group En Vogue. The album had the songs "Free Your Mind", "My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)" and "Giving Him Something He Can Feel". It sold five million records worldwide.
This album was released on March 24, 1992.
1992 albums
R&B albums
En Vogue albums
Unit load device

A unit load device, or ULD, (ULD) is a pallet or a container. It is used to load luggage, freight, and mail on wide-body aircraft and specific narrow-body aircraft. It allows a large quantity of cargo to be bundled into a single unit. As with other cargo transport, this leads to fewer units to load, it saves ground crews time and effort and helps prevent delayed flights. Each ULD has its own packing list (or manifest) so that its contents can be tracked.
Types
There are two kinds of unit load devices: pallets and boxes. The boxes are similar to shipping containers: they are mostly made with metal (usually aluminum) and have standard attachment points that let them be moved easily. The pallets are usually metal with sides that attach to a cargo net. Below is a table of sizes of ULDs. The volume listed is the internal volume, the size of the inside of the container.
References
Other websites
Aviation infrastructure
Containers
Janet Street-Porter

Janet Vera Street-Porter (nee Bull; born 27 December 1946) is an English broadcaster, journalist, writer, and media personality. She is currently an anchor on ITV's lunchtime chat show Loose Women.
Street-Porter was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to journalism and broadcasting.
References
Living people
English journalists
1946 births
Shock wave

A shock wave is when lots of energy comes from a very small spot and shakes the material around it. The energy makes the material around the spot move very quickly, and very hard. This is a special type of vibration, and it is very strong.
The shock wave can be so powerful that it can knock things over. For example, bombs create shock waves. A shock wave can be destructive because it vibrates the material around the point in an extremely hard and fast wave, which causes other things that the material touches to vibrate too, and even make them explode. Shock waves make bombs more dangerous and sometimes are the most dangerous part of an explosion. This is because the vibration from the shock wave can hurt the inside of a human's body (organs and bones) much worse than the explosion's fireball. However, the shock wave moves much faster than the rest of the bomb's energy and fades away quickly. It is called a shock wave, and not simply a shock, because the force goes up and down, like an ocean wave.
A shock wave can move through any material. An earthquake is a shockwave traveling through the ground. Shock waves can also be felt in the water. A shock wave is affected by the materials it travels through, and different materials have different effects. A thick material, like water, might help the shock wave travel further, whereas a thin material, like air, would not. This is similar to the way that sound waves are affected by what they move through, but sound waves and shock waves are not the same.
A sound wave is similar to a shock wave in the way it looks, but the two are not the same. While a sound wave can be described as the ripples created when you drop a small rock in a bucket of water, a shock wave is faster and not as smooth. If you were to draw a picture of a perfect sound wave, it would be a smooth line, up and down by the same amount. If you were to draw a picture of a shock wave, it would be like many big bumps on a road - the line goes up very quickly, but it does not go down as much. Some of the words people use to talk about sound waves and shock waves are the same, like amplitude or frequency, but this does not mean that they are the same.
Fluid mechanics
Caumont, Aisne

Caumont is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France. In 2015, 559 people lived there.
Communes in Aisne
The Favor

The Favor is a 1994 romantic-comedy movie. It is about friendship betrayals and heartbreak. The Favor was shot in 1990 although not released until late April-early May in 1994. Elizabeth McGovern and Brad Pitt are part of the cast. The reviews of the movie were not good.
1994 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Donald Petrie
Sestriere

Sestriere is a ski resort in Piedmont, Italy and a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin.
Sestriere was a main venue during the 2006 Winter Olympic Games and the 2006 Winter Paralympics, hosting all the men's alpine skiing competitions and being the site of one of the three Olympic Villages. It is a part of the Via Lattea (Milky Way) ski area in Italy, where the 2006 Winter Olympics were held.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Ski areas and resorts in Italy
Electron microscope

An electron microscope is a scientific instrument which uses a beam of electrons to examine objects on a very fine scale. In an optical microscope, the wavelength of light limits the maximum magnification that is possible. As electrons have a smaller wavelength, they can achieve a higher magnification, and can see very small objects - typically around 1,000 times smaller than those seen in an optical microscope. The outline of objects, as revealed by the flow of electrons, is changed into a picture using visible light for people to see. Electron microscopes were invented in Germany in the 1930s.
Types of electron microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
A beam of electrons is sent towards the specimen - some electrons are reflected, while some pass through. Those that pass through are detected and used to form an image of the specimen at a magnification of about 500,000 times. This microscope is more powerful than a light microscope.
Reflection Electron Microscope (REM)
Similar to a Transmission Electron Microscope, but the reflected electrons are detected. By measuring the reflected electrons, some information about the surface of the specimen can be gathered.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
A narrow beam of electrons is moved across the specimen and a picture is built up piece by piece by detecting how the electrons are reflected or absorbed as it moves.
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM)
It combines the high magnification of TEM with the better surface detail of SEM. It can be used to perform complex analysis on the specimen, which cannot be done using TEM alone.
Related pages
Scanning tunneling microscope
Microscopes
This I Promise You

"This I Promise You" is a 2000 song by NSYNC and is the final single from their second studio album No Strings Attached. It went to number 5 in the United States and Dominican Republic and number 8 in Canada. It was written and produced by Richard Marx.
Track listing
UK
CD single
"This I Promise You" (Radio Edit) - 4:27
"It's Gonna Be Me" (Maurice Joshua Radio Remix) - 4:13
"I Thought She Knew" - 3:22
Cassette
"This I Promise You" (Radio Edit) - 4:27
"This I Promise You" (Hex Hector Radio Mix) - 3:57
"I Thought She Knew" - 3:22
America
Making the Tour exclusive bonus disc
"This I Promise You" (Live Home Video Mix) - 5:10
Europe
CD1
"This I Promise You" (Album Version) - 4:43
"This I Promise You" (Hex Hector Radio Mix) - 3:57
CD2
"This I Promise You" (Album Version) - 4:43
"I Thought She Knew" - 3:22
Limited edition remix single
"This I Promise You" (Album Version) - 4:43
"This I Promise You" (Hex Hector Club Mix) - 9:10
"This I Promise You" (Hex Hector Radio Mix) - 3:57
"Yo te Voy a Amar" (Spain Only)
References
2000 songs
2000s ballads
NSYNC songs
Pop ballads
Soul ballads
R&B ballads
Sweden women's national ice hockey team

The Sweden women's national ice hockey team () represents the country of Sweden in women's ice hockey. The team started in 1987. It won bronze medals at the world championships in the years 2005 and 2007, Olympic bronze medal in 2002, and an Olympic silver medal in 2006.
Other websites
1987 establishments in Sweden
Ice hockey teams in Sweden
National ice hockey teams
Westlothiana

Westlothiana lizziae is an early tetrapod. It is a transitional fossil, with a mixture of amphibian and early amniote characters.282 Its body shape had a superficial resemblance to modern-day lizards. It lived during the Carboniferous period, about 350 million years ago.
The type specimen was discovered in East Kirkton Quarry, Bathgate, Scotland, in 1984. It was named after the County of West Lothian where it was found.
Westlothiania in life
This species probably lived near a freshwater lake, probably hunting for other small creatures that lived in the same habitat. It was a slender animal, with rather small legs and a long tail.
Together with Casineria, another transitional fossil found in Scotland, it is one of the smallest terapods known, being a mere 20 cm in adult length.
The small size has made it a key fossil in the search for the earliest amniote, as amniote eggs are thought to have evolved in very small animals. There are derived (advanced) features which tie it in with the amniotes rather than amphibians. These are: unfused ankle bones, lack of labyrinthodont infolding of the dentine in teeth, a lack of an otic notch and a generally small skull.
The long body and small legs were a possible adaptation to burrowing, similar to that seen in modern skinks.
Phylogeny
Ideas of how Westlothiana should be classified has varied from basal amniote to an amphibian Lepospondyl. The actual phylogenetic position of Westlothiania is uncertain.
Other websites
Westlothiana lizziae from the Visean of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland, and the amniote stem
References
Stem tetrapods
Jim Gregory

James M. Gregory (November 4, 1935 - October 30, 2019) was a Canadian hockey league executive and general manager. He worked in the National Hockey League. He was born in Port Colborne, Ontario. He coached and manage the Toronto Marlboros, winning two championships. He then moved to the National Hockey League's (NHL) Toronto Maple Leafs, becoming their general manager.
In 2007, Gregory was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Gregory was diagnosed with amyloidosis in 2011. He died on October 30, 2019 at his home in Toronto from the disease at the age of 83.
References
1935 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from amyloidosis
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Modern Times

Modern Times may refer to modern history.
Modern Times may also refer to:
Modern Times (movie), a 1936 Charlie Chaplin movie
Modern Times (Al Stewart album), a 1975 album by Al Stewart
Modern Times (Jefferson Starship album), a 1981 album by Jefferson Starship
Modern Times (Latin Quarter album), a 1985 album by Latin Quarter
Modern Times (Bob Dylan album), a 2006 album by Bob Dylan
Modern Times (IU album), a 2013 Korean album by South Korean singer IU
"Modern Times" (song), a 2004 song by J-five
Modern Times (band), a band from Luxembourg
Modern Times, a BBC Two documentary series
Modern Times: A History of the World from the 1920s to the 1980s, a 1984 book by Paul Johnson
Modern Times Group, a Swedish media company
Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century, an exhibition held in winter 2014-2015 at the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Tiempos Modernos, a Mexican political group that is part of the National Assembly of the Socialist Left
Wenming Xiaoshi ("A Brief History of Modern Times"), a 1903 Chinese novel
Modern Times, a 1983 song by Prism from the album Beat Street
Utopian Community of Modern Times, an anarchist individualist community in 19th-century New York state
Les Temps modernes, a French journal
Related pages
Early modern period
Electoral district of Cootamundra

Cootamundra is an electoral district of New South Wales. It was created in 1904, abolished in 1941 and recreated in 2015.
It is a conservative electorate.
Election results
References
Cootamundra
Anus language

The Anus language is a tribal language spoken in the Irian Jaya province of Indonesia. It is an Austronesian language.
As of 2005, there are almost 70 speakers of the language all of whom are members of a tribal group living on an island in the Sarmi-Jayapura Bay in West Papua.
References
Austronesian languages
Fils de France

Fils de France (, Son of France) was a title used by children of the reigning King of France. It entitled the holder of the title to the style of Royal Highness. However, that was rarely used. The French court preferred to use terms such as "Madame" and "Monsieur". The reigning king, his wife and their children were collectively referred to as the Famille de France ("Family of France"). The grandchildren of the king were entitled to the rank of "Grandson or Granddaughter of France". But the more senior of the two titles was that of "Child of France" due to being a child of a monarch. In French a "Child of France" was a Fils de France.
Examples
Philippe, Duke of Orleans - the only brother of Louis XIV of France and known as Monsieur all his life
Marie Louise d'Orleans eldest daughter of the above and known simply as Mademoiselle prior to her marriage
Henrietta of England the first wife of "Monsieur" and known simply as Madame
Marie Clotilde of France a granddaughter of Louis XV and known as Madame Clotilde prior to her marriage
Marie Adelaide of Savoy daughter-in-law of Louis XIV and known as Madame la Dauphine
House of Bourbon
Titles in the old Kingdom of France
Ken Garland

Ken Garland (1929- 20 May 2021) was a British graphic designer, photographer, writer and educator. He was known for his writing on design and the prolific work of his studio Ken Garland & Associates.
References
1929 births
2021 deaths
British designers
British photographers
British educators
Naples

Naples is a southern Italian city with a port. It faces the Mediterranean Sea and is near Mount Vesuvius. Its name in Italian is Napoli which came from its Greek name Neapolis, meaning new city. It has a population of about 1 million. About 3 million live in the area around Naples (including Naples itself).
There is one airport in the city, Naples International Airport at Capodichino.
History
Ancient Greeks settled Naples in the 6th Century B.C. There were so many Greeks there, the Romans called it Magna Graecia, which means "Greater Greece." Later the Romans conquered southern Italy and took Naples. When the Roman Empire fell to invaders in the west, Naples came under the rule of the Byzantine Empire, the Greek-speaking Eastern Roman Empire.
Naples became independent later and but was combined with the Kingdom of Sicily during the Middle Ages. By 1500 it was ruled by Aragon, which was a kingdom in eastern Spain. Later Naples became part of Spain when Aragon and the other kingdom in Spain called Castile became one country. Naples was part of this Kingdom of Spain until the Austrian Empire got it in the War of the Spanish Succession in 1714.
In the 19th century it was the capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The Duchy of Savoy, or kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont, conquered Naples in 1861. That kingdom became the Kingdom of Italy. Naples was heavily bombed when Italy fought in World War Two and British/American armies tried to capture it.
Today Naples is the capital of Campania and the largest city in southern Italy.
Climate
The average temperature in the summer is 24degC. In the winter, the average can be as low as 8degC. There is usually around 40 inches of rain in the city every year.
Economy
Naples is Italy's fourth-largest economy, with a 2011 GDP of US$83.6 billion. The Port of Naples is one of the most important and busy ports in the Mediterranean. The city, however, still has a lot of organized crime and political corruption, but it is also famous for its musical, theatrical and cinematographic culture.
Naples is a popular city for tourists. It was rated the 166th-most-visited city in the world in 2008.
Recently, more people work in the service industry than in agriculture. In 2003, 31% of people worked in public services, 18% in manufacturing, 14% in commerce, 10% in construction, 8% in transportation, 7% in financial services, 5% in agriculture, 4% in the hotel business and 3% work in other fields.
Related pages
Neapolitan Mastiff
Charles III of Spain
References
Other websites
official website
TrekEarth Gallery of Photos
Time Out Tourist Guide to Naples
Naples -Wikivoyage
6th-century BC establishments
President of the Senate of the Philippines

The President of the Senate of the Philippines (), or more popularly known as the Senate President, is the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official of the Senate of the Philippines, and third highest and most powerful official in the Government of the Philippines.
He/she is elected by the entire body to be their leader. The Senate President is second in line in succession for the presidency, behind the Vice President of the Philippines and in front of the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines.
Living former Senate presidents
Currently there are five living former Senate presidents:
Legend: Boldface means still an incumbent Senator.
Other websites
List of Senators of the Philippines
Roll of Senate Presidents
Erie Canal

The Erie Canal is a canal in New York State. It runs for 365 miles from the Hudson River to Lake Erie. It connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The State authorized it in 1808, and it was built between 1818 and 1825. It was the first route between the eastern coast of the United States and the Great Lakes. The Canal caused a burst of population in western New York. It also helped New York City become a large port. Today, the Canal is part of the New York State Canal System.
Other websites
"The Erie Canal"
Transport in New York (state)
Great Lakes
Canals
Mataram

Mataram is a city on the west side of the island of Lombok, Indonesia. It is the capital and largest city of West Nusa Tenggara province, and has a population of around 342,896 people as of the year 2005.
Other websites
http://www.mataramkota.go.id/
Lombok
Cities in Indonesia
West Nusa Tenggara
Colleges and universities in Washington, D.C.

This is a list of colleges and universities in the District of Columbia:
Public
Private
References
Lists of colleges and universities
Stratford, Connecticut

Stratford is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It was founded by Puritans in 1639.
The population was 52,355 as of the 2020 census.
References
Towns in Connecticut
David Briley

Clifton David Briley (born January 8, 1964) is an American politician. He is the mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. He was elected in 2015 as vice-mayor and was sworn in as acting mayor after Megan Barry's resignation on March 6, 2018.
Briley won the May 24 special election with 55%. He is the first native of both Nashville and Tennessee since Bill Boner in 1991 to be mayor.
Notes
References
1964 births
Living people
Mayors of Nashville, Tennessee
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Châteauredon

Chateauredon is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.
The Asse River forms the south-eastern border.
References
Communes in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Kaffir lime

The Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC., Rutaceae), also known as kieffer lime, makrut or magrood, is a citrus fruit native to Indonesia. It is widely grown worldwide as a garden shrub. It is usually grown it for its fruit, the lime. The leaves are used for cooking. Vegetable oil obtained from the leaves is used to make perfumes.
The plant
The plant is a very thorny bush with aromatic leaves. The oil obtained from the rind of the fruit can be used as an insecticide. The plant is well suited to being grown in a container. The green fruits are different from other limes because of their bumpy and rough exterior. They are also quite small, about 4 centimetres across. The leaves are shaped like an hourglass. The leaves and the leaf-shaped stem are widely used in the cuisine of Cambodia, Thailand and Laos.
Citrus x hystrix leaves are also popular in Cambodia but less so in Vietnam. Malay, Burmese and Indonesian (especially Balinese and Javanese; see also Indonesian bay leaf) cuisines use them sporadically with chicken and fish.
The leaves can be used fresh or dried and can be stored frozen.
Although the most common product of the Citrus x hystrix tree is its leaves (which give a sharp Lime/neroli flavour to Cambodian base paste known as Krueng, Thai dishes such as tom yum and Indonesian food such as sayur assam - literally sour vegetables), the juice and rind of the small, dark-green gnarled fruit (known as jeruk obat - literally medicine citrus) are used in traditional Indonesian medicine.
The zest is widely used in Creole cuisine and to impart flavour to "arranged" rums on Reunion and Madagascar.
Other names
Other names for Citrus x hystrix:
Burma: shauk-nu, shauk-waing
Cambodia: krauch soeuch
China: fatt-fung-kam
Malaysia: limau purut
Indonesia: jeruk purut, jeruk sambal
Philippines: swangi
Sri Lanka: kahpiri dehi, odu dehi, kudala-dehi
Thailand: makrut, som makrut
Terminology
The Oxford Companion to Food () recommends that the name kaffir lime should be avoided in favour of makrut lime because Kaffir is an offensive term in certain cultures and also has no clear reason for being attached to this plant. However kaffir lime appears to be much more common.
Image Gallery
Other websites
Citrus
Herbs
Spices
Thai food
Plants of Asia
Ellegarden

Ellegarden is a Japanese band formed in 1998 by four young men.Their activity pauses now.
Members
Hosomi Takeshi(Guiter&Vocal)
Ubukata Shinichi(Guiter)
Takada yuichi(Bass)
Takahashi Hirotaka(Drums)
References
Japanese rock bands
Punk bands
Emo bands
Japanese musical groups
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical quartets
Pop punk bands
Christopher Benfey

Christopher Benfey (born October 28, 1954) is an American writer. He is a Professor of English language at Mount Holyoke College. He has written several books that people liked a lot. He was born in Marion, Pennsylvania. He later moved to Richmond, Indiana where he grew up. He has attended many colleges including the Putney school, Guilford College, Earlham College, and Harvard University.
1954 births
Living people
People from Richmond, Indiana
Writers from Indiana
Writers from Pennsylvania
Girl (Beatles song)

"Girl" is a song by English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on the band's 1965 album Rubber Soul. It was written by John Lennon, but listed as Lennon-McCartney. It is a sad love song.
Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald, except as noted:
John Lennon - lead vocals, acoustic guitar
Paul McCartney - backing vocals, bass guitar
George Harrison - backing vocals, lead acoustic guitar, 12-string guitar
Ringo Starr - drums
References
Sources
The Beatles songs
1965 songs
1960s ballads
Västerås BK30

Vasteras BK30 is a sports club in the town of Vasteras in Sweden. It was established on 29 November 1929 as a merger out of IK City and IK Sture. It was named after 1930. 1930 was the year it joined the Swedish Sports Confederation. The club nowadays mostly runs soccer. It earlier also ran bandy, handball, ice hockey, table tennis and track and field athletics.
The soccer activity has mostly used Ringvallens IP as home ground. A women's soccer team was established in 1969. The women's soccer team played in the Swedish top division in 1994.
Bandy was a major sport up to the mid 1980s. The club played in the Swedish top division in 1932 and 1936.
References
Other websites
Official website
1929 establishments in Europe
Athletics clubs in Sweden
Bandy clubs in Sweden
Handball clubs in Sweden
Ice hockey teams in Sweden
Swedish football clubs
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
1920s establishments in Sweden
T&T Supermarket

T&T Supermarket is a Asian-Canadian grocery chain of stores. The company is owned by Loblaw Companies. T&T is also the largest Asian Grocery chain in Canada.
Related pages
The Real Canadian Superstore
References
Other websites
Supermarkets of Canada
British Columbia
Andy Williams

Andy Williams (December 3, 1927 - September 25, 2012) was an American singer. He had many gold and several platinum albums and songs, including 8 Christmas albums.
Williams was born in Wall Lake, Iowa. Some sources say he was born in 1927, others say 1928. Williams was married to Claudine Longet from 1961 until they divorced in 1975. He was later married to Debbie Meyer from 1991 until his death in 2012. Williams had 3 children. In November 2011, Williams was diagnosed with bladder cancer. Williams died on September 25, 2012 in Branson, Missouri from the cancer, aged 84.
References
1927 births
2012 deaths
American pop singers
Cancer deaths in Missouri
Deaths from bladder cancer
Singers from Iowa
Portuguese Canadians

Portuguese Canadians are Canadian citizens of Portuguese ancestry.
References
Ethnic groups in Canada
Hans Alfredson

Hans Folke "Hasse" Alfredson (28 June 1931 - 10 September 2017) was a Swedish actor, movie director, writer and comedian. He was born in Malmo, Sweden. He is known for his works with Tage Danielsson as the duo Hasse & Tage.
Alfredson's 1985 movie False as Water won the award for Best Director at the 21st Guldbagge Awards.
References
Other websites
1931 births
2017 deaths
Swedish movie actors
Swedish movie directors
Swedish writers
Swedish comedians
People from Malmo
La Martyre

La Martyre () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Finistere
34

34 is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Persicus and Vitellius.
Events
Roman start to build a three tier aqueduct. It began in Nimes and ran for 269 miles.
Naevius Sutorius Macro gained prestige by prostituting his wife Eunius to Tiberius
Romans invaded Armenia
The people of Dacia revolt against the Sarmatian tribe of Iazyges who had enslaved them.
Births
Aulus Persius Flaccus, Roman poet
Deaths
Stephen, the first martyr of Christianity
30s
Provo, Utah

Provo is an American city in the state of Utah. It is in Utah County and is east of Utah Lake. It lies to the west of high mountain peaks in the Wasatch Range. It is home to Brigham Young University. The city is the third largest city in the state. It has a population of 115,162 people, as of the 2020 census.
References
County seats in Utah
1849 establishments in the United States
León Febres Cordero

Leon Esteban Febres-Cordero Ribadeneyra (9 March 1931 - 15 December 2008) was an Ecuadorian politician. He served as President of Ecuador from 1984 to 1988.
Early life
Cordero was born Leon Esteban Febres-Cordero Ribadeneyra on 9 March 1931 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He studied at the Stevens Institute of Technology in New Jersey. Cordero married Maria Eugenia Cordovez in 1958. Their marriage would last until his death in 2008.
Presidency
He was known in the Ecuadorian media as LFC or by his surname (Febres-Cordero). He was President of Ecuador of Ecuador for a four-year term. He was inaugurated on 10 August 1984. He succeeded Osvaldo Hurtado. During his Presidency he sought to introduce market-oriented reforms, and also led a security crackdown on a guerilla group, !Alfaro Vive, Carajo!. He was known for being a close ally to President of the United States Ronald Reagan.
In 1987 Febres Cordero was kidnapped for 11 hours by members of the air force demanding the freedom of General Frank Vargas Pazzos, who had been imprisoned after leading two uprisings in March 1986, aimed at toppling the Minister of Defense.
Congress approved a resolution granting Vargas amnesty, but Febres Cordero refused to publish the resolution, thus denying it the force of law. It was only after his January 1987 kidnapping that he signed the amnesty and released Vargas.
Cordero's presidency ended in 10 August 1988. He was succeeded by Rodrigo Borja Cevallos.
Mayor of Guayaquil
Shortly after his presidency, Cordero became Mayor of Guayaquil. He was inaugurated on 10 August 1992. Cordero succeeded Harry Soria Laman. His term would last until his retirement in 10 August 2000. He was succeeded by Jaime Nebot.
Personal life
Cordero lived in Guayaquil. He had four children with his wife of fifty years. Cordero was a smoker. He made many visits to the United States and Columbia. He once met with Ronald Reagan to discus foreign relations.
Death
Cordero died on 15 December 2008 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from lung cancer and emphysema, aged 77.
References
Other websites
Conmemorial video
Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Edufuturo
Amnesty International
1931 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from emphysema
Presidents of Ecuador
Mayors of Guayaquil
Raman Subramanyan

Raman Subramanyan is a table tennis player from India. Raman competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He was born 23 June 1969.
References
Other websites
1969 births
Living people
Indian Olympians
Table tennis players
Buddy Van Horn

Buddy Van Horn (August 20, 1928 - May 11, 2021) was an American stuntman and movie director. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He was known for directing many Clint Eastwood movies such as Any Which Way You Can (1980), The Dead Pool (1988), and Pink Cadillac (1989).
Van Horn died on May 11, 2021 in Los Angeles at the age of 92.
References
1928 births
2021 deaths
Stuntmen
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Tautavel man

Tautavel man is the name of an extinct hominian. They lived about 300.000-450.000 years ago.,, It is named after fossils found in a cave on the site named Caune de l'Arago, near Tautavel, France. The first fossils were found there in 1971. The fossils date from between 300.000 and 450.000 years ago. They consist of over 80 fragments; the skull found (pictured) belonged to a man in his twenties. He was about 1.65 m, and weighted around 45-55 kg. Other remains are two mandibles, belonging to a woman in her fifties, and to a man, about 20-25 years old. It looks like they did not know how to use fire yet. It also looks like they might have been cannibals, or that they preferred to scavenge for food, rather than hunt. Bones of rhinoceros, horses, wild sheep (called Mouflon), Tahrs (resemble wild goats), Muskox (some kind of bovine), deer, and reindeer have been found in the cave.
There is an ongoing debate if this hominid is directly related to the Neanderthal. If they are not, they would be Homines erecti. If they are direct predecessors of the Neanderthals, they would be Homo heidelbergensis. It has been proposed to classify them as Homo erectus Tautavelensis.
References
Hominins
Aude
Smile

A smile is a face made by flexing the muscles near both ends of the mouth. The smile can also be made through the eyes (See 'Duchenne smile' below). Smiles usually express happiness. A smile can be natural or fake. However, smiling can be different with animals. When smiling, the teeth shows, but sometimes animals do this when they are threatening. When chimpanzees show their teeth, it can also be a sign of fear.
Dimples
Dimples are genetically inherited. They are caused by the flesh underneath the skin, that forms on some people's cheeks, especially when they smile. Some people may only have one dimple on only one side of the face.
Duchenne smile
Although there are many different types of smiles, researchers are interested in the duchenne smile because it is done with the eyes. The Duchenne smile was named after the French physician Guillaume Duchenne. Duchenne identified two types of smiles. A Duchenne smile is when the cheek raises and forms a wrinkle around the eyes. Many researchers think that Duchenne smiles are usually hard to make when you are pretending to smile.
Internet
On the Internet, smiles can normally be typed up. This is normally called a smiley, smiley face, or happy face. Smileys show emotion when people are not able to see it in real life. Smileys typed on the computer are called emoticons. Smileys can change depending on where the person typing the smiley is.
Western Style: :-), :-(, ;-), :-O, :-D, (;D)
Eastern Style: d(^.^)b, \(^o^)/, >.<, ^_^, *<):)
Related pages
Laughter
Smiley
Social psychology
References
More reading
Conniff, R. (2007). What's behind a smile? Smithsonian Magazine, 38,46-53.
Ottenheimer, H.J. (2006). The anthropology of language: An introduction to linguistic anthropology. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworh.
Ekman, P., Davidson, R.J., & Friesen, W.V. (1990). The Duchenne smile: emotional expression and brain psysiology II. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 342-353.
Russell and Fernandez-Dols eds. 1997. The psychology of facial expression. Cambridge. .
Messinger D. & Fogel A. 2007. The interactive development of social smiling. In Robert Kail (ed) Advances in child development and behavior, 35, 327-366. Oxford: Elsevier. Retrieved 25 June 2010 from
Other websites
BBC News: Scanner shows unborn babies smile
Non-verbal communication
Carrascosa de Abajo

Carrascosa de Abajo is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
Tim Peake

Timothy Nigel Peake (born 7 April 1972) is a British astronaut and former Army Air Corps officer. He is the first British astronaut for the European Space Agency (ESA). He is a former crew member of the International Space Station (ISS). He is also the second astronaut to bear the flag of the United Kingdom. He is the seventh British-born astronaut in space. He served in the British Army from 1992 to 2009. He was made a Major in 2004.
Peake was born in Chichester, West Sussex. He is a degree holder of the University of Portsmouth. He is married to Rebecca. The couple have two sons.
References
Other websites
Tim Peake at the European Space Agency website
1972 births
Living people
Astronauts
British Army people
People from West Sussex
A Portuguesa

"A Portuguesa" (, meaning "The Portuguese") is the national anthem of Portugal, adopted in 1911. The music of the song was composed by a Portuguese composer and painter named Alfredo Keil. The words of the song were written by a poet named Henrique Lopes de Mendonca, in response to the 1890 British Ultimatum for Portuguese troops to get rid of their positions in Africa between the Mozambique and Angola in the Pink Map.
Lyrics
References
European anthems
National symbols of Portugal