pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Atari, Inc.

Atari, Inc. is an American video game and home computer company. It was founded in 1972 by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney. Atari was the first company to make a video arcade game in a cabinet. The company made famous games, such as Pong. Atari helped define the gaming entertainment industry and home computers from the 1970s to the mid-1980s. They made home computers until 1993.
Atari filed for bankruptcy in 2013
References
Other websites
The Atari History Museum - Atari historical archive site.
Atari Times, supporting all Atari consoles.
AtariAge.com
Atari Gaming Headquarters - Atari historical archive site.
Atari On Film - List of Atari products in films.
History of Atari from 1978 to 1981
A History of Syzygy / Atari / Atari Games / Atari Holdings
http://atari.com - Company that manages intellectual property of games and franchises.
American video game companies
1972 establishments in the United States
Akkineni Nageswara Rao

Akkineni Nageswara Rao (20 September 1923 - 22 January 2014) was an Indian movie actor and producer. He worked in the Telugu cinema. He became a famous stage artiste. He was known for playing female characters because women at that time were prohibited from acting.
Rao died on 22 January 2014 in Hyderabad from cancer aged 90.
References
Other websites
Akkiineni Nageswara Rao Birthday Special Article in Telugu Language
1923 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in India
Indian movie actors
Indian stage actors
Clamp

A clamp is a device used to hold things tightly together and to prevent movement and/or separation of objects.
Clamps are used in technical work, such as woodworking. There are also special types of clamps used in medicine.
References
Tools
Ati Graaumans

Antonius Martinus "Ati" Graaumans (born 3 December 1945) is a former Dutch football defender. He played for NAC Breda and the Belgian club KFC Wuustwezel.
In May 1969, a week before his marriage, he got injured within the first minutes in the match against GVAV and had to go to the hospital because of a 25 cm long deep cut.
His nephew Ad Graaumans also played for NAC Breda.
References
Other websites
newspaper articles of Graaumans via Delpher
1946 births
Living people
Footballers from North Brabant
Association football defenders
Fiat Punto

The Fiat Punto is a car produced by Fiat in three generations since 1993. Production of the first generation Punto was 3.429 million units, second generation 2.96 million units, and third generation 2.67 million units.
First generation Type 176 (1993-1999)
Models
Engines
Petrol engines
1.1 8V 40 kW (55 hp)
1.2 8V 44 kW (60 hp) and 55 kW (73 hp)
1.2 16V 63 kW (85 hp)
1.4 8V Turbo 96 kW (130 hp) and 98 kW (133 hp)
1.6 8V 65 kW (88 hp)
Diesel engines
1.7 D 42 kW (57 hp)
1.9 TD 47 kW (63 hp) and 51 kW (70 hp)
Second generation Type 188 (1999-2011)
Models
Engines
Petrol engines
1.2 8V 44 kW (60 hp)
1.2 16V 59 kW (80 hp)
1.4 16V 77 kW (95 hp)
1.8 16V 96 kW (131 hp)
Diesel engines
1.3 Multijet 16V 51 kW (69 hp)
1.9 D 8V 44 kW (60 hp)
1.9 JTD 8V 59 kW (80 hp) and 63 kW (86 hp)
1.9 Multijet 8V 74 kW (101 hp)
BiPower engines
1.2 Natural Power 8V CNG 51 kW (69 hp)
Third generation Type 199 (2005-2018)
Models
Engines
Petrol engines
1.2 8V 48 kW (65 hp)
1.4 8V 57 kW (78 hp)
1.4 StarJet 16V 70 kW (95 hp)
1.4 MultiAir 16V 77 kW (105 hp)
1.4 T-Jet 16V 88 kW (120 hp)
1.4 MultiAir Turbo 16V 99 kW (135 hp)
Diesel engines
1.3 Multijet 16V 55 kW (75 hp) and 66 kW (90 hp)
1.3 Multijet II 16V 55 kW (75 hp) and 70 kW (95 hp)
1.6 Multijet 16V 88 kW (120 hp)
1.9 Multijet 8V 88 kW (120 hp) and 96 kW (130 hp)
BiPower engines
1.4 Natural Power 8V CNG 51-57 kW (69-78 hp)
1.4 8V LPG 57 kW (78 hp)
References
Other websites
fiatpunto.com
The Punto Van
Grande Punto EuroNCAP results
The Punto Power fan site
The Punto Sports Forum fan site
The Punto MK2 & MK2B Forum fan site
PuntoUK: a UK based Punto fan site
Grande-Punto.de - The German Community
FiatPunto.com.pl - The Polish Fiat Punto fan Forum
Punto
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses

The 2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses were the first votes to decide the nominee in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries for the 2020 United States presidential election, taking place on 3 February 2020. The winner was Pete Buttigieg, which made him the first openly gay person to win a presidential contest. The Iowa caucuses are closed caucuses, only allowing for people who are registered as a person in the Democratic Party to vote. Iowa gives 49 delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention, of which 41 are pledged delegates given to candidates based on the results of the caucuses.
After a three day delay in reporting the votes, the Iowa Democratic Party announced that Buttigieg had been awarded two more delegates than Sanders, but Sanders had won the popular vote in the state. Most of the media outlets would say that Buttigieg would be the winner, but the Associated Press declined to declare who would be the winner until all recount voting processes had been finished. The official result and calculation of pledged delegates was delayed again by a further six days after the election as they needed to correct the results from 3.1% (55) of the precincts. Both Buttigieg and Sanders then requested a recanvass for 8.1% of the official results, which narrowed Buttigieg's lead over Sanders to 0.08 SDEs.
The caucuses would be controversial because of the delays in the reporting of the results. Much of the delay was as a result of the mobile application used to report voting totals. More controversy started because of the errors and continued changing in the calculation and reporting of the SDEs. The Iowa Democratic Party chair would resign on the 12 February 2020 because of the criticism of the reporting.
References
United States presidential primary elections
Controversies in the United States
2020 in the United States
2020s in Iowa
2020 United States presidential election
Chârost

Charost is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. Around 941 people lived there in January 2019.
Population
References
Communes in Cher
Rangpuri language

Rangpuri is an Indo-Aryan language. It is spoken in India and Bangladesh. Sources disagree about how many people speak it. A 1991 census said it was spoken by 5 million people. It is a Bengali-Assamese language spoken by the Rajbanshi people in India and Bangladesh. Many are bilingual in either Bengali or Assamese. Together with Rajbanshi of Nepal and Surjapuri, it forms the KRNB lects.
This is the native language of people of Cooch Behar, Lower Assam, Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling and some parts of Bangladesh.
Other names of the language are Rajbangsi, Rajbansi, Rajbanshi, Kamta, Kamtapuri, Kamatpuri, Kamatapuri, Kamrupi, Deshi Bhasha. Recently, "Kamtapuri Bhasha Academy" (2017) is formed by West Bengal Government.
References
Languages of Bangladesh
Indo-Aryan languages
Brownsville, Tennessee

Brownsville is a city in Haywood County, Tennessee, United States. It is the county seat of Haywood County, located in the western Tennessee Delta. Its population as of the 2010 census was 10,292.
References
Cities in Tennessee
County seats in Tennessee
Demon's Souls

Demon's Souls is an action RPG on the Playstation 3 video game console made by Hidetaka Miyazaki and FromSoftware. It is the first game in the Souls series of video games. It is known for being a very hard game. Its difficulty was liked and disliked by many people. The gameplay has some similar features to FromSfotware's earlier game, King's Field, like exploring for armor and weapons, having a high difficulty, and having timing-based fighting, but it is different because Demon's Souls has a third-person point of view.
The idea of the game was created some time before the game came out, but many workers in FromSoftware did not think the game would be popular. However, when Miyazaki began working for From, he picked up the project and made Demon's Souls into a game. Since From was a little-known video game developer and they thought the game would not sell well anyway, From had a lot of freedom of making the game they wanted to make, as they did not have to remove a lot of features to please video game publishers. Surprisingly, Demon's Souls sold many more copies and became much more popular than From thought. It would be popular enough to make three sequels and two spiritual successors, Bloodborne and Sekiro.
2009 video games
Role-playing video games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 3-only games
Aba wrestling

Aba wrestling () is an old Anatolian Turkish traditonal wrestling style since the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, from the Citys Gaziantep and Hatay in Turkey, where the Wrestlers (Pehlivans) wear a special garment called Aba, made from camel hair.
References
Turkish culture
Villarreal

Villarreal is a city in the province of Castellon, Valencian Community, Spain. In 2010, 51,367 people lived there.
Cities in the Valencian Community
Municipalities in the Valencian Community
International Phonetic Alphabet chart

This page is a chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic symbols. These are created and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a full list of every single sound that is in every language.
Official chart
Vowels
Consonants
Pulmonic consonants
Non-pulmonic consonants
Co-articulated consonants
Other consonants
Nasal palatal approximant
Nasal labial-velar approximant
Voiceless nasal glottal approximant
Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop
Voiceless bidental fricative
Tones
Auxiliary symbols
Other websites
The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart
Interactive IPA chart
Charts
Pronunciation
João Paulo dos Reis Veloso

Joao Paulo dos Reis Veloso (July 12, 1931 - February 19, 2019) was a Brazilian economist and politician. He was Minister of Planning between 1969 and 1979, and also was the President of the Institute of Applied Economic Research. He was born in Parnaiba.
Veloso died on February 19, 2019 in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 87.
References
1931 births
2019 deaths
Brazilian politicians
Brazilian economists
Piaui
Mon Calamari

Mon Calamari were species from the water planet of Mon Cala appearing in Star Wars. First appearing in Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi the species has also appeared in many of the books, comics and TV shows. The most notable Mon Calamari is admiral Gial Ackbar. Many Mon Calamari served in the Rebel Alliance. Mon Calamari are amphibian and are most commonly seen in brown skin but it can vary.
References
Star Wars species
Republic of Taiwan (1895)

The Republic of Taiwan was a short-lived republic on the island of Taiwan. It is also called in ; which means "Democratic State of Taiwan". In English it was also called the: Formosan Republic, Taiwan Republic and the Republic of Formosa.
The Republic of Taiwan was formed in 1895. It did not last for very long. The Treaty of Shimonoseki which ended the war between the Qing Dynasty of China and the Empire of Japan, gave Taiwan to the Japanese. The republic began when the Chinese left in May, 1895, and ended when the Japanese soldiers arrived in October, 1896. Some historians say it was the first republic in Asia, but there was one earlier, the Lanfang Republic, which had been started in 1777.
The republic was started by a group of high officials and local people who still supported the Qing. They wanted to stop the Japanese take over of Taiwan. On May 24, 1895 the new republic sent a copy of its declaration of independence to all the embassies on Taiwan. The next day the new government held an independence ceremony. The Republic of Taiwan made their own stamps. They also printed their own paper money, which is now very hard to find.
They were always loyal to the Qing, and said that the Republic would be part of the Qing state. The first president of the Republic of Taiwan was the old governor, Tang Ching-sung, who served from May 25, 1895 to June 5, 1895. The second president was Liu Yung-fu, June 5, 1895 - October 21, 1896.
When the Japanese soldiers invaded Taiwan there was a lot of fighting. They quickly defeated the new republic. Most of the republic's official quickly left the island.
The modern Taiwan independence groups want to start a new Republic of Taiwan. They say that there is no connection between them and the 1895 Republic. The first Republic of Taiwan was loyal to China, but the new Republic of Taiwan would be started to be independent of China.
Presidents
T'ang Ching-sung (23 May 1895 - 5 June 1895)
Liu Yung-fu (5 June 1895 - 21 October 1896)
References
1895 establishments
1896 disestablishments
1890s establishments in Asia
1890s disestablishments in Asia
Former countries in Asia
History of Taiwan
States and territories established in the 19th century
States and territories disestablished in the 19th century
Establishments in Taiwan
Mustafa Ould Salek

Col. Mustafa Ould Salek (; 1936 - 18 December 2012) was the President of Mauritania from 1978 through 1979.
References
1936 births
2012 deaths
Presidents of Mauritania
Evergreen, Alabama

Evergreen is a city in Conecuh County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 3,520. The city is the county seat of Conecuh County.
References
Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Generation gap

The term generation gap refers to the fact that a younger generation and their parents are thinking differently. The term was made popular in the 1960s.
Sociology
Kathryn, North Dakota

Kathryn is a city in Barnes County, North Dakota, United States.
Cities in North Dakota
Luena, Moxico Province

Luena (pre-1975: Vila Luso) is a town in east central Angola. It is the capital of Moxico Province. There are between 60,000 to 200,000 people. No one knows for sure because of refugees from the Angolan Civil War.
Cities in Angola
Köbi Kuhn

Jakob "Kobi" Kuhn (12 October 1943 - 26 November 2019) was a Swiss football manager and former player. He played as a midfielder. During his club career, he played for Zurich. He captained Zurich to six Swiss Super League titles and five Swiss Cup wins. He played for Switzerland 63 times, scoring five goals. He was part of the 1966 FIFA World Cup squad. He later managed Zurich and Switzerland.
Kuhn was born in Wiedikon, Zurich.
References
Other websites
1943 births
2019 deaths
1966 FIFA World Cup players
Swiss football managers
Sportspeople from Zurich
Swiss footballers
Switzerland at UEFA Euro 2004
Switzerland at UEFA Euro 2008
Lachendorf

Lachendorf (West Low German: Lachendorp) is a municipality in Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 10 km east of Celle.
Lachendorf is also the seat of the collective municipality Lachendorf.
International relations
Twin towns - Sister cities
Lachendorf is twinned with:
Bricquebec, Manche, Normandy, France
References
Bibliography
Martin Wittmann, Kurt W. Seebo: Lachendorf. Ed. I, Lachendorf 1988
Sources
Other websites
FC Dornbirn

FC Dornbirn 1913 is an Austrian association football club from Dornbirn, Vorarlberg. They play in the 2. Liga, the 2nd level of Austrian football. The club was founded on March 12th, 1913. The homeground is the Birkenwiese stadium. They played four seasons in the top level league of Austrian football.
Leagues (in brackets level)
1960-61 Staatsliga (1)
1961-63 Regionalliga West (2)
1963-64 Staatsliga (1)
1964-69 Regionalliga West (2)
1969-70 Nationalliga (1)
1970- 74 Regionalliga West (2)
1974-75 Nationalliga (1)
1975-79 2. Division (2)
1987-88 Regionalliga West (3)
1988- 1989 2. Liga (2)
1989- 1998 Regionalliga West (3)
1998- 2004 Vorarlbergliga (4)
2004- 2009 Regionalliga West (3)
2009-2010 Erste Liga (2)
2010-2019 Regionalliga West (3)
2019- 2. Liga (2)
Current squad
Coaching staff
Head coach: Thomas Janeschitz
Assistance coach: Roman Ellensohn
Goalkeeper coach: Drago Marceta
Honours
Champion of Vorarlberg:
1954/55, 1959/60, 1962/63, 1969/70, 1973/1974, 1974/75, 1984/85, 1987/88, 1996/97, 2003/04
Champion Regionalliga West:
2018/19 , 2008/09 , 1987/88 , 1973/74 , 1968/69 , 1962/63
References
Other websites
Official website FC Dornbirn
Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Vorarlberg
Matthew H. Clark

Matthew Harvey Clark (July 15, 1937 - January 22, 2023) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Eighth Bishop of Rochester from 1979 until 2012. He was born in Waterford, New York, to Matthew and Grace (nee Bills) Clark. He was raised in Troy, New York. Clark has been criticized for being overly tolerant of homosexuality and even challenging the Vatican's position of not allowing homosexual priests.
In September 2019, Clark was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
Clark died on January 22, 2023. He was 85 years old.
References
Other websites
Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester Official Site
1937 births
2023 deaths
People with Alzheimer's disease
American Roman Catholic bishops
People from Troy, New York
People from Rochester, New York
Cirilo Bautista

Cirilo F. Bautista (July 9, 1941 - May 6, 2018) was a Filipino poet, fictionist, critic and writer of nonfiction. He was awarded with the National Artist of the Philippines award in 2014. He was born in Manila.
Bautista works include Boneyard Breaking, Sugat ng Salita, The Archipelago, Telex Moon, Summer Suns, Charts, The Cave and Other Poems, Kirot ng Kataga, and Bullets and Roses: The Poetry of Amado V. Hernandez. His novel Galaw ng Asoge was published by the University of Santo Tomas Press in 2004.
Bautista died on May 6, 2018 in Manila of neuroendocrine cancer at the age of 76.
References
Other websites
Cirilo F. Bautista home page
Mindanao Creative Writers Group Inc.
U.S.T. Creative Writing Workshop, Baguio City
About Culture and the Arts
1941 births
2018 deaths
Filipino writers
Poets
Asian novelists
Literary critics
Filipino educators
People from Manila
Eric Singer

Eric Doyle Mensinger (born May 12, 1958 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA), better known as Eric Singer, is a hard rock and heavy metal drummer for the rock band Kiss and formerly for singer Alice Cooper. In December 1991, Eric Singer officially became the drummer for Kiss after the death of Eric Carr.
References
American drummers
Musicians from Cleveland
American rock musicians
American heavy metal musicians
1958 births
Living people
Colin Mawby

Colin Mawby KSG (9 May 1936 - 24 November 2019) was an English organist, choral conductor and composer. From 1961 he was Master of Music at Westminster Cathedral, then from 1981 he was the choral director at Radio Telefis Eireann.
He was awarded Knighthood of the Order of St. Gregory in 2006.
Mawby died on 24 November 2019 at the age of 83.
References
1936 births
2019 deaths
British conductors
English organists
English composers
Odelya Halevi

Odelya Halevi (; born 12 February 1989) is an Israeli actress. She appears on the American drama television series Law & Order and plays the role of Assistant District Attorney Samantha Maroun. She also played Angelica in the American television series Good Trouble. She also appeared in the television series Good Girls Revolt. She has made appearances in television series such as Mike & Molly, New Girl, NCIS, MacGyver (2016) and Why Women Kill.
References
Other websites
1989 births
Living people
Israeli television actors
Jewish Israeli actors
Nabringhen

Nabringhen is a commune. It is found in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Stringer (slag)

A stringer is a thin strand of slag in wrought iron. If there is not much of it, it makes the iron stronger. But if there is too much, it makes the iron weaker.
Iron
Judson Laipply

Judson Laipply (born: March 22, 1976) is an American motivational speaker, comedian, and dancer who is best known for his performance in the "Evolution of Dance" video, which went viral on the internet in 2006.
1976 births
American YouTubers
Addison, Alabama

Addison is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Towns in Alabama
Fred: The Movie

Fred: The Movie is a 2010 American comedy movie, directed by Clay Weiner. The movie is based on the adventures of Fred Figglehorn. He is a character created and played by Lucas Cruikshank for Cruikshank's YouTube channel. Critics gave the movie poor reviews. It has a 0% rating at Rotten Tomatoes and only 31% of audience members liked it. Common Sense Media said "YouTube star's movie is fraught with disaster for tweens." The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw wrote "The feature-film version of the squeaky-voiced YouTube hit is unbelievably irritating - and frankly a waste of time." But kids apparently liked it. The premiere of Fred: The Movie drew an audience of 7.6 million.
References
Other websites
Fred: The Movie at The Movie Insider
2010 comedy movies
2010s teen movies
American teen comedy movies
Lionsgate movies
Coronie District

Coronie is a district of Suriname. Its capital city is Totness.
As of the 2012 census, 3,391 people lived there. It has an area of .
Districts of Suriname
Saint-Souplet

Saint-Souplet is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,216 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Martainneville

Martainneville is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Jean-Pierre Beltoise

Jean-Pierre Maurice Georges Beltoise (26 April 1937 - 5 January 2015) was a French Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and Formula One driver. He raced for the Matra and BRM teams. Francois Cevert was his brother-in-law (his wife's brother). He competed in 88 Grands Prix achieving one win and eight podium finishes. He was born in Paris.
Beltoise died at his holiday home in Dakar, Senegal, on 5 January 2015, aged 77, following two strokes .
References
Other websites
1937 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
French Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Paris
Bulbourethral gland

A bulbourethral gland (or Cowper's gland) is one of two small glands found in the reproductive system of human males. They are like Bartholin's glands.
Anatomy
Bulbourethral glands are found near the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia. The bulbourethral glands are about the size of a pea. They appear to slowly get smaller as a person gets older.
They are made of several lobules held together by a fibres.
Uses
During sexual arousal each gland makes a clear liquid known as pre-ejaculate or "pre-cum". This fluid helps to lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass through. It also helps clean out any urine or dirt.
Gallery
References
Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Glands
1115

1115 (MCXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
Clairvaux Abbey is founded by St. Bernard.
Anselm of Laon becomes archdeacon of Laon.
Hugh of St. Victor joins the Victorines in Paris.
Pierre Abelard becomes canon of Notre Dame de Paris.
Stephen of England becomes count of Mortain.
Battle of Welfesholz: Lothair I of Supplinburg defeats Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Arnulf of Chocques is accused of sexual relations with a Muslim woman, and is briefly removed from his position as Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.
The Jurchen start the Jin Dynasty of China.
The Crusader castle of Montreal is built by Baldwin I of Jerusalem.
Roger of Salerno's Crusaders stop the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Sarmin in Syria.
The Mixtec lord Eight Deer Jaguar Claw is defeated in battle and sacrificed by a group of city-states led by his brother-in-law
Births
Gilbert Fitz Richard de Clare (d. 1153)
Deaths
July 24 - Matilda, Countess of Tuscany (b. 1046)
November 8 - Godfrey of Amiens, bishop of Amiens and Catholic saint.
Adela of Flanders, queen of Denmark, regent of Apulia
Thierry II, Duke of Lorraine
King Olaf Magnusson of Norway (b. 1099)
Eight Deer Jaguar Claw, Mixtec ruler
References
Allister

Allister is an American punk rock band from Chicago, Illinois.
Career
The band was formed in 1995 under the name Phineas Gage by high school classmates Tim Rogner and John "Johnny" Hamada. Eric "Skippy" Mueller later joined the band in 1996. In 1996, the band changed their name to Allister, to pay tribute to Alasdair Gillis from the Canadian TV show You Can't Do That on Television. The band released their debut studio album, Dead Ends and Girlfriends in 1999 through Drive-Thru Records.
Their second studio album Last Stop Suburbia was released on October 1, 2002. Their song "Somewhere On Fullerton" from Last Stop Suburbia was featured in the 2003 video game Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure.
Band members
Current
Tim Rogner -- Drums, percussion, lead and backing vocals (1995--2000); rhythm and lead guitar, lead and backing vocals (2000--2007, 2010--present)
Scott Murphy -- Bass guitar, lead and backing vocals (1998--2007, 2010--present)
Kyle Lewis -- lead guitar, backing vocals (2003--2007, 2010--present)
Buddy "Goldfinger" Schaub -- Tenor trombone and backing vocals (1993--present)
Former
John Hamada -- lead guitar, backing and lead vocals (1995--2002); backing vocals (July 20, 2007)
Eric "Skippy" Mueller -- bass guitar, backing vocals (1996--1998); rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1998--2000)
David Rossi -- drums, percussion (2000--2003)
Chris Rogner -- lead guitar, backing vocals (2002--2003); rhythm guitar, lead and backing vocals (2007)
Discography
Studio albums
Dead Ends and Girlfriends (1999)
Last Stop Suburbia (2002)
Before the Blackout (2005)
Countdown to Nowhere (2010)
Life Behind Machines (2012)
References
1995 establishments in Illinois
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Musical groups established in 1995
Musical groups from Chicago
Pop punk bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2007
2007 disestablishments in the United States
2000s disestablishments in Illinois
Musical groups established in 2010
2010 establishments in Illinois
Piast the Wheelwright

Piast the Wheelwright was, according to legend, the creator of the Piast dynasty, a son Choscisko, which would go on to rule the Kingdom of Poland. He was first mentioned in the Polish Chronicle of Gallus Anonymus.
References
Piast dynasty
Everytime We Touch (album)

Everytime We Touch is an album by German pop group Cascada.
Chart performance
The album was accidentally released on iTunes for digital download on 11 February 2006, ten days before its scheduled release. It was said to be a computer error. The album entered the Billboard 200 at number 67, selling over 17,000 copies in its first week. It has gone on to sell over 100,000 copies in the US.
In the United Kingdom, the album entered the charts at #6. It then went on to peak at #2. It spent 28 weeks in the UK Albums Top 75, and 35 weeks in the Ireland Albums Top 75 (where it peaked at #1). The album went on to sell over 600,000 copies in the UK, achieving Platinum Certification.
References
Pop albums
2006 albums
Vada pav

Vada pav is a vegetarian fast food dish native to the state of Maharashtra.The dish consists of a deep fried potato dumpling placed inside a bread bun (pav) sliced almost in half through the middle. It is generally accompanied with one or more chutneys and a green chilli pepper.
Etymology
Batata vada in Marathi literally means "potato fritter".Pav is a derivative of the Portuguese word pao, which means bread.
Preparation
Boiled potato is mashed and mixed with chopped green chilli and garlic, mustard seeds, and spices (usually asafoetida and turmeric). The mass is then shaped into a ball, dipped into gram flour batter and deep fried. The resultant fritter is served by placing inside a bread bun, accompanied with one or more chutneys and fried green chilli.
Breads
Fast food
Indian food
Sandwiches
Snack foods
Germination

Germination occurs when a spore or seed starts to grow. It is a term used in botany. When a spore or seed germinates, it produces a shoot or seedling, or (in the case of fungi) a hypha. The biology of spores is different from seeds.
A spore germinates if and when conditions are right. It has a very limited lifespan. The method of spore-bearers, which are lower plants such as mosses, ferns and also fungi, is to produce vast numbers of spores, of which only a small percentage germinate.
Seeds contain an embryo, a store of food (the endosperm), and a protective coat. Seed plants include Gymnosperms (such as conifers) and Angiosperms (such as flowering plants). Seeds can survive much longer than spores, sometimes for hundreds of years. The strategy of seed-bearing plants is to invest energy and material in the substance of seeds, and they have evolved more sophisticated methods of dispersal than just wind.p98
Seeds do not germinate until their requirements are met, and these needs differ from species to species.
The dormancy period must be over. Dormancy is governed by changes inside the seed. Each species has its own dormancy period, and will not germinate until that period is over.
Their hibernation must be over. The hibernation is ended when events in the environment trigger germination. Sometimes this is just temperature and water, sometimes fire, sometimes the seed must go through a long cold spell.
The requirements for fruits is the same as for seeds. A fruit is just a seed with one or more extra layers derived from parts of the flower.
References
Botany
Plant physiology
Sócrates

Socrates (19 February 1954 - 4 December 2011) was a Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazil national team. He died in hospital of septic shock.
Club career statistics
|-
|1976||rowspan="3"|Botafogo-SP||rowspan="3"|Serie A||19||5
|-
|1977||16||9
|-
|1978||22||10
|-
|1979||rowspan="6"|Corinthians Paulista||||0||0
|-
|1980||rowspan="5"|Serie A||16||13
|-
|1981||1||1
|-
|1982||9||5
|-
|1983||20||15
|-
|1984||13||7
|-
|1984/85||Fiorentina||Serie A||25||6
|-
|1985||rowspan="3"|Flamengo||rowspan="3"|Serie A||0||0
|-
|1986||11||3
|-
|1987||0||0
|-
|1988||Santos||Serie A||5||2
132||70
25||6
157||76
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1979||6||5
|-
|1980||8||2
|-
|1981||15||6
|-
|1982||9||4
|-
|1983||8||2
|-
|1984||0||0
|-
|1985||5||1
|-
|1986||9||2
|-
!Total||60||22
|}
References
1954 births
2011 deaths
Brazilian footballers
Infectious disease deaths in Brazil
Deaths from sepsis
Daniel Andrews

Daniel Michael Andrews (born 6 July 1972) is an Australian politician. He is the 48th Premier of Victoria since 2014. He has been the leader of the Victorian branch of the Labor Party since 2010. From 2010 to 2014, Andrews was Leader of the Opposition in that state.
On 24 November 2018, he was re-elected as Premier of Victoria when Victorian Labor won the 2018 election in a landslide.
References
1972 births
Living people
Premiers of Victoria
Stephen H. Sachs

Stephen H. Sachs (January 31, 1934 - January 12, 2022) was an American Democratic politician and lawyer. He was the Attorney General of Maryland from 1979 to 1987. Sachs was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was United States Attorney for the District of Maryland from 1967 until 1970. He was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson and re-nominated by Richard Nixon.
Sachs died on January 12, 2022 in Baltimore at the age of 87.
References
1934 births
2022 deaths
Lawyers from Baltimore
Politicians from Baltimore
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
La Garenne-Colombes

La Garenne-Colombes is a French commune. It is in the Hauts-de-Seine department.
Communes in Hauts-de-Seine
Barbara Cartland

Barbara Cartland (9 July 1901 - 21 May 2000) was a English writer and media personality who was best known for her romance novels. Cartland wrote more than 700 books which sold nearly 800 million copies worldwide. Her first novel, Jig-Saw, was written in 1922. Many of her novels have been adapted to media including films for television, most notably A Hazard of Hearts and Duel of Hearts. She died from cancer at age 98.
References
1901 births
2000 deaths
Writers from Birmingham
English novelists
Woodbury, Kentucky

Woodbury is a city in Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Jejomar Binay

Jejomar "Jojo" Cabauatan Binay (born November 11, 1942), also known as Jojo Binay or VNay, is a Filipino politician. He previously served as the 15th Vice President of the Philippines from June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2016. Before he became vice president, he was Mayor of Makati City from 1986 to 1998 and again from 2001 to 2010.
He ran for President in 2016, but lost to Rodrigo Duterte.
Vice presidents of the Philippines
1942 births
Living people
Filipino mayors
Black-knobbed map turtle

The black-knobbed map turtle (Graptemys nigrinoda) is a species of aquatic turtles. Their skin is light gray and have spikes on their shell. They are part of the Graptemys genus and were once called the black-knobbed sawback turtle. They live in rivers in the Mobile Bay in Alabama and Mississippi.
References
Other websites
Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group 1996. Graptemys nigrinoda . 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 29 July 2007.
Turtles of North America
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (movie)

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is a 2009 fantasy movie directed by David Yates. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2005 novel of the same name. The movie, which is the sixth one in the Harry Potter movie series.
It stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger.
With a budget of $250 million, it is one of the most expensive movies ever made. At the time, it was the most expensive movie in the Harry Potter movie series.
Plot
Lord Voldemort gives Draco Malfoy the task of killing Professor Dumbledore. Draco's mother, Narcissa makes a deal with Severus Snape that he must kill Dumbledore if Draco cannot. Meanwhile, Harry Potter and Dumbledore recruit Professor Slughorn to work as the new potions teacher at Hogwarts school.
As the school year begins, Harry's friend Ron Weasley falls in love with Lavender Brown, making Hermione Granger upset. Harry finds a potions and spellbook written by a former Hogwarts student who called themselves the "Half-Blood Prince". A half-blood is a wizard who has one magical parent and one non-magical parent. Pure-bloods have two magical parents while muggle-borns have two non-magical parents. Voldemort wants rid of all wizards who are not pure-bloods.
Dumbledore and Harry look into Professor Slughorn's memories and find out that Slughorn taught Voldemort when he was at school. Slughorn told Voldemort about Horcruxes, objects which an evil wizard can put his soul inside of so he can be immortality. Dumbledore realises that Voldemort has been using Horcruxes to survive after death. Two of them have already been destroyed.
Harry and Dumbledore go on a mission to retrieve another Horcrux. They are successful and return to Hogwarts. Draco Malfoy uses a magical cabinet to let a group of Death Eaters into the school. Draco and the Death Eaters corner Dumbledore but Draco cannot kill him. Snape arrives and kills Dumbledore. Snape reveals to Harry that he is the Half-Blood Prince. Harry, Ron and Hermione agree to leave Hogwarts to search for the remaining Horcruxes.
References
2009 fantasy movies
Harry Potter 6
Movies based on books
Harry Potter 6
Movies composed by John Williams
Ficus benghalensis

Ficus benghalensis, commonly known as the banyan, banyan fig and Indian banyan, is a tree that grows in India and Bangladesh. Some Indian banyan trees are among the largest trees in the world. It is recognized as the National trees of both the countries of the Indian subcontinent. It is the largest canopy-holder tree of the world. It can spread up to 2000 feet of land. It is said by its scientific name that, this mammoth tree is native and endemic to the Great Bengal Region (both Bangladesh and West Bengal of India). In Buddhism the banyan's habit of supplanting its host tree is likened to the manner in which humans are overcome by sensual desire. Interestingly, the name 'banyan' came about when early Portuguese travellers to India noted that traders, or banias, set up shop in the shade of these enormous trees. Eventually the Gujarati word for 'merchant' became the name of the tree itself. When traveling in the fascinating country of Bangladesh, be sure to take note of the most unusual banyan tree.
References
Other websites
Plants of Asia
National symbols of India
National symbols of Bangladesh
Moraceae
Banks Island

Banks Island () is one of the bigger members of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is separated from Victoria Island to its east by the Prince of Wales Strait and from the mainland by Amundsen Gulf to its south. The Beaufort Sea lies to its west. To the northeast, McClure Strait separates the island from Prince Patrick Island and Melville Island.
History
It was named "Banks Island" in 1820 by Sir William Parry in honour of Sir Joseph Banks. However, during the exploration of the area by Robert McClure (1850-1854) the island was marked on their maps as "Baring Island".
The only permanent Inuvialuit settlement on the island, Sachs Harbour or Ikhuak, is on the southwest coast. Two federal Migratory Bird Sanctuaries were founded on the island in 1961. The island does not have any trees, with the tallest plant, the arctic willow, sometimes growing to about the height of a person's knee but usually standing no taller than 10 cm.
Banks Island covers an area 70,028 km2 (27,038 sq mi) and it is the world's 24th biggest island and Canada's fifth biggest island.
Islands of Canada
Arctic islands
Euarchontoglires

Euarchontoglires (synonymous with Supraprimates) is a taxonomic superorder, within Placentalia. It includes the rodents and the primates.
Placentalia (Eutheria)
Afrotheria
Exafroplacentalia
Xenarthra
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Euarchontoglires
Orders
Glires
Rodentia - rodents
Lagomorpha - rabbits, hares and pikas
Euarchonta
Dermoptera - colugos
Primatomorpha
Scandentia - treeshrews
Primates - monkeys, apes and humans
Mammals
Alec Martinez

Alec Martinez (born July 26, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman. He currently plays for the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League. He previoulsy played for the Los Angeles Kings. He was selected by the Boston Bruins with the 95th overall pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft after playing for Miami University for 3 seasons. He has won the Stanley Cup with the Kings in 2012 and 2014.
In 2014, in double overtime in Game 5, he scored the Stanley Cup winning goal against the New York Rangers after he had previously scored the series winner in the Western Conference finals against the Chicago Blackhawks in Game 7.
Awards and honors
References
Los Angeles Kings players
Vegas Golden Knights players
1987 births
American ice hockey defensemen
Living people
Sportspeople from Michigan
People from Rochester Hills, Michigan
American Hockey League players
ECHL players
United States Hockey League players
Jack Greene

Jack Greene (January 7, 1930 - March 14, 2013) was an American country musician. His nickname was the "Jolly Green Giant" because of his height and deep voice. Greene was a long-time member of the Grand Ole Opry. He was nominated for three Grammy Awards.
Greene was born on January 7, 1930, in Maryville, Tennessee, he learned to play guitar at age ten. He was married to Barbara Stidham the mother of his 5 children, Wayne Greene, Lynn Greene (deceased), Tony Greene, Jan Greene & Marty Greene. Greene died on March 14, 2013 in his home in Nashville, Tennessee from Alzheimer's disease, aged 83.
References
Other websites
Official website
Profile at the Grand Ole Opry
1930 births
2013 deaths
Country musicians from Tennessee
American singer-songwriters
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Bison, Kansas

Bison is a city in Rush County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 255 people lived there.
History
Bison was platted in 1888 by the railroad. It was named after the American bison, which once ate there.
Bison was a station on the Missouri Pacific Railroad.
The first post office in Bison was created in May 1888.
Geography
Bison is at (38.520718, -99.197528). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Weather
Bison has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Bison has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 255 people, 104 households, and 72 families living in Bison.
Education
Bison is part of USD 403 Otis-Bison. The Otis-Bison High School mascot is Cougars.
References
Other websites
City
Bison - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 403, local school district
Historical
History of Cities in Rush County
Bison Info, Legends of Kansas
Maps
Rush County Map, KDOT
Cities in Rush County, Kansas
Berthez

Berthez is a commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Gironde department in southwest France.
Communes in Gironde
Spaghetti squash

The spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepo) is an oblong seed-bearing variety of winter squash. The fruit can range either from ivory to yellow or orange in color. The orange varieties have a higher carotene content. Its center contains many large seeds. Its flesh is bright yellow or orange. When raw, the flesh is solid and similar to other raw squash; when cooked, the flesh falls away from the fruit in ribbons or strands like spaghetti.
Nutrition
It is a superfood that contains lots of nutrients, including folic acid, potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C, It is low in calories, averaging at least 42 calories per 1-cup (155 grams) serving.
Sources
Vegetables
Cucurbitaceae
Julian Draxler

Julian Draxler (born 20 September 1993) is a German association football attacking midfielder. He plays for the Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and the Germany national football team.
He made his first national appearance in a loss against Switzerland. He scored his first national goal against the United States on 2 June 2013. He also made his first FIFA World Cup appearance in 2014, when he came on as a substitute in Germany's 7-1 victory against Brazil. Since 2011, Draxler has made more than 100 appearances for Schalke 04.
In January 2014, he was named by The Guardian as one of the ten most promising young players in Europe.
References
1993 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Timothée Chalamet

Timothee Hal Chalamet (born December 27, 1995) is an American actor. He starred in Christopher Nolan's science-fiction movie Interstellar. Chalamet was born in New York City.
In 2017, Chalamet starred in the romantic drama Call Me by Your Name. He also starred in Hot Summer Nights and Lady Bird.
He starred as a drug-addicted teenager in the drama Beautiful Boy (2018), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. In 2019, Chalamet starred in The King and Little Women.
References
1995 births
Living people
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American child actors
Actors from New York City
Tectonics

Tectonics is the study of the earth's structural features, especially the folding and faulting (cracking) of the Earth's crust.
Tectonics (from Latin, meaning "building") is a field within geology. It includes structures in the lithosphere of the Earth and the forces and movements that have operated to create these structures.
Tectonics is concerned with orogenies (mountain building) and major land features. This includes the earthquake and volcanic regions which affect certain parts of the world. This is discussed further in plate tectonics.
Tectonic studies are also important for understanding erosion patterns in geomorphology and as guides for the economic geologist searching for petroleum and metallic ores.
References
Plate tectonics
John Caspar Wild

John Caspar Wild (1804 - August 12, 1846) was an American painter and lithographer. He was also called J.C. Wild. He was born in Switzerland. He moved to Paris, France. In 1832 he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He painted and printed landscapes. He painted a lot of cities in the United States. He painted pictures of Philadelphia, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Davenport, Iowa. His artwork is owned by the Library Company of Pennsylvania.
References
1804 births
1846 deaths
American painters
American printmakers
Swiss painters
People from Philadelphia
Warendorf

Warendorf is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and capital of Warendorf District.
References
Warendorf (district)
Arthur Saint-Léon

Arthur Saint-Leon (September 17, 1821 - September 2, 1870) was born in Paris, France. He was Ballet Master of the St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet from 1859 until 1869. He is best known for choreographing Coppelia.
1821 births
1870 deaths
French choreographers
Iman (model)

Iman Mohamed Abdulmajid (born July 25, 1955), known as Iman, is a Somali-American supermodel. In 1992, she played a queen in Michael Jackson's music video "Remember the Time".
Early life
Iman was born in Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia. She went to high school in Egypt. Iman then studied political science at the University of Nairobi in Kenya.
Career
Modeling
Photographer Peter Beard saw her on a street in Nairobi and asked if she had even been photographed. When he said he would pay her she asked if he would give her $8,000 and he said yes. That day he took photographs of her. He then took them back to New York. Iman was signed to the modeling agency Wilhelmina.
Business
In 1994 Iman started Iman Cosmetics. Iman Cosmetics makes makeup for women with dark skin.
Writing
Iman's first book, I Am Iman, was published in 2001.
Personal life
In 1978, Iman married American basketball player Spencer Haywood. She had a daughter with him called Zulekha. She works for Iman's cosmetics company. Iman divorced Haywood in 1987. In 1992, Iman married David Bowie. In 2000, she gave birth to their daughter Alexandria Zahra Jones. Iman and Bowie stayed together until his death on January 10, 2016.
References
Other websites
Official website
1955 births
Living people
David Bowie
American models
People from Mogadishu
Cyrano (musical)

Cyrano is a musical with a book and lyrics by Anthony Burgess and music by Michael J. Lewis.
It is based on Edmond Rostand's classic 1897 play of the same name. It is about a love triangle involving the large-nosed poetic Cyrano de Bergerac, his beautiful cousin Roxana and handsome friend Christian de Neuvillette.
The cast included Christopher Plummer as Cyrano, Leigh Beery as Roxana, and Mark Lamos as Christian, with Tovah Feldshuh making her Broadway debut in two small supporting roles.
Other websites
Internet Broadway Database listing
Time magazine review
Cyrano at the Music Theatre International website
Musicals
Welcome to Hard Times

Welcome to Hard Times is a 1967 American western movie. It was directed by Burt Kennedy. The movie was based on the book with the same name by E. L. Doctorow. Actors include Henry Fonda, Warren Oates, Janis Paige, Keenan Wynn, Lon Chaney Jr., Aldo Ray, and Janice Rule. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Other websites
1967 movies
1960s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Burt Kennedy