pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Port Penn, Delaware

Port Penn is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in New Castle County, Delaware, United States.
Census-designated places in New Castle County, Delaware
Asgard

Asgard (Old Norse: Asgardr - "Enclosure of the AEsir; Court of the As") is one of the Nine Realms in Norse mythology, home to the tribe of deities known as the AEsir. Asgard lies at the top of Yggdrasill's highest branches, and the only thing connecting Asgard to Midgard is the mystical rainbow bridge Bifrost.
At the center of Asgard lies the bountiful field of Idavollr; there the AEsir meet to feast, make revelry, and discuss important issues. The male gods meet in a hall called Gladsheimr, the goddesses in the hall Vingolf. *According to the poem Grimnismal (as found in the Poetic Edda), Gladsheimr is the field in which Valhalla was located.
Popular Culture
In the science fiction series Stargate SG-1 and its spinoff series, Stargate Atlantis, "Asgard" is the name of a highly advanced, fictional race of beings who are extraterrestrial in origin.
Asgard appears frequently in Marvel Comics. Similar to the original mythological location, it is one of the Nine Realms, home to a race of beings known as the Asgardians, whom the Germanic peoples (in particular Norsemen) once worshipped as gods. It is often seen and referenced in both film, and television shows.
Spellings
Other spellings: Asgard, Asegard, Asgardr, Asgardr, Asgarthr, Asgarth, Asgarth, Asgardhr
Common Swedish and Danish form: Asgard
Norwegian: Asgard (also Asgard, Asgaard)
Icelandic, Faroese: Asgardur
Norse mythology
Lizzie van Zyl

Elizabeth Cecilia van Zyl ( - ), was a Boer child who died in the Bloemfontein concentration camp from typhoid during the Second Boer War.
Life
Lizzie was a child of Hermanus Egbert Pieter van Zyl and Elizabeth Cecilia van Zyl. She and her mother Elizabeth were inmates of the Bloemfontein concentration camp. They were terribly starved there.
Anti-war activist Emily Hobhouse used her death as a example of the sufferings of the Boers in the concentration camps. Hobhouse visited Lizzie in the concentration camp and described that she was a "weak and frail child in desperate need of good care." Hobhouse also took a photograph of Lizzie during her visit. Initially, Hobhouse's reporters refused to show the photograph to the world.
She died in 1901, being seven years old.
See also
British concentration camps
References
1894 births
1901 deaths
Afrikaner people
Child deaths
Date of birth unknown
Place of birth missing
Zdeněk Svěrák

Zdenek Sverak (born 28th March 1936 in Prague) is best known as a Czech actor and writer. He is also a noted playwright and songwriter. He is the holder of 3 Magnesia Litera awards and 3 Czech Leo awards. He studied at the Pedagogic University and was a teacher. After 4 years as a teacher, he started to work in Czechoslovak radio. There he met musician Jaroslav Uhlir and since then he collaborated with him.
Zdenek Sverak and Ladislav Smoljak are creators of czech most famous entertaining genious person Jara Cimrman. They have made 13 theatre plays about him and his life. As actor he appears in czech classic movies as: Na samote u lesa, Marecku, podejte mi pero!, Trhak, Tri veterani, Obecna skola or Vratne Lahve. He founded the Theater of Jara Cimrman in 1966.
Zdenek's son, Jan Sverak (*1965), is czech film director and one of 4 Czechoslovakian/Czech men who won Oscar. In 1997, the Father and son team won an Oscar for their movie Kolja. Zdenek Sverak starred in the movie. In 2014 he was awarded the President's Prize for lifetime achievements ad the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival.
References
Other websites
Zdenek Sverak Biography at IMDb
1936 births
Living people
Czech screenwriters
The Palace and the Fortress

The Palace and the Fortress () is a 1924 Soviet silent drama movie directed by Aleksandr Ivanovsky. It stars Yevgeni Boronikhin, Yuri Korvin-Krukovsky, and Marina Yuryeva.
References
Other websites
Russian drama movies
Russian silent movies
1924 drama movies
1920s biographical movies
1920s historical movies
Movies set in palaces
Movies directed by Aleksandr Ivanovsky
Stillwater, Minnesota

Stillwater is a city in Washington County, Minnesota. It is on the St. Croix River directly across from the state of Wisconsin. The population was 18,225 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat. Stillwater is part of the Twin Cities Metro Area.
History
Treaties
On July 29 and September 29, 1837, treaties were signed between the US government and the local Ojibwa and Dakota nations. They allowed settlement in the St. Croix River Valley. The town was founded by settlers drawn by the area's then-abundant lumber and river traffic. It is one of Minnesota's oldest towns, preceding Minneapolis by several years. Stillwater was officially incorporated as a city on March 4, 1854 (the same day as St. Paul). The city was named for the calm waters of the St. Croix River.
Territorial convention
Stillwater is often called the birthplace of Minnesota. In 1848, a territorial convention that began the process of establishing Minnesota as a state was held in Stillwater. The convention selected three leading Minnesota cities as locations for three important public institutions. Minneapolis got the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul became the capital, and Stillwater was chosen as the site of the territory's first prison. The Minnesota Territorial Prison was opened in 1853.
Lumbering era
Lumbering was the main industry in the St. Croix River Valley in the second half of the nineteenth century. For many years logs were sent down the St. Croix river, collected at the St. Croix Boom Site two miles upstream of Stillwater, and processed in Stillwater's many sawmills. Steamboats were used most widely from 1860 to 1890, and a few are still used for entertainment today.
Civil war
Stillwater sent men of the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Company B and the 8th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment Company C to fight during the American Civil War.
References
Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
1854 establishments in the United States
Food photography

Food photography is art made by taking photos of food. These photos are sometimes used for menus in restaurants, but they can also be used for advertising, or in a cookbook. System catering also needs images of their food. There are a number of techniques that are used when taking pictures of food, for example, when taking pictures of soft drinks, fake ice cubes are put in the drink instead of real ones, because real ice cubes would melt quickly.
Photography
Food and drink
FaceTime

FaceTime is video conferencing software created by Apple Inc. for use on the iPhone, iPad and computers running Mac OS X. To call people, you type in their email address or phone number. FaceTime supports high definition video.
FaceTime was first announced by Steve Jobs on 7 June 2010 at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference. Video is sent using H.264 and audio is compressed with AAC. With Facetime, people can talk to people that are far away face to face.
FaceTime Audio
An audio-version of FaceTime was announced during Apple's annual keynote speech on June 10, 2013, and later released on September 18, 2013. The service provides high-quality audio. Initially, FaceTime audio was only usable on a Wi-Fi network, but since has been updated to work over 3G and LTE data connections. Currently, FaceTime audio is only available between Apple devices.
Other websites
Apple FaceTime site
Apple software
Japanese knotweed

Japanese knotweed (Persicaria japonica) is a perennial herbaceous plant. It lives in Asian countries including Taiwan, Japan and southern China.
References
Plants of Asia
Polygonaceae
Beast (comics)

Hank McCoy (also known as Beast) is a fictional character, a Marvel Comics superhero created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby. The character first appeared in X-Men #1 in November 1963. He has been adapted into motion pictures and is played by Kelsey Grammer and Nicholas Hoult.
Characters created by Stan Lee
Fictional characters introduced in 1963
X-Men characters
Avengers (comics) characters
Jenny Saléns

Jenny Salens is a dansband from Sweden. The band has scored successes at the Swedish album chart. It was formed in May 2003. Its saxophonist Niklas Adamsson won the "Wind musician of the Year" award at the 2007 Guldklaven awards. Bandmember Niklas Adamsson was chosen as "Cultural Award Winner of the Year" in Hylte Municipality later in 2007.
Jenny Salens released their live album Var egen brollopsdag on 5 January 2008. It contains 15 songs recorded during a dancing event at Malarsalen in Stockholm in November 2007.
The band participated at Dansbandskampen in 2008.
Discography
Albums
Var egen brollopsdag - 2008
Nu bubblar blodet - 2012
Mot nya mal - 2013
For alltid - 2015
Singles
"Karlekens laga" - 2003
"Aldrig mer" - 2004
"Tack for karleken" - 2006
"Var egen melodi" - 2006
"Lovar du mer" - 2006
"Mot karlekens land" - 2007
"Handen pa hjartat" - 2007
"The Best" - 2009
"Kom hem" - 2009
Members
Jenny Salen - vocals and accordion
Niklas Adamsson - saxophone, guitar, vocals
Nicklas Mork - drums
Robert Juth - guitar, vocals
References
Other websites
Official website
Facebook
YouTube
Musical groups established in 2003
Dansbands
Swedish musical groups
Daniel Menaker

Robert Daniel Menaker (September 17, 1941 - October 26, 2020) was an American fiction writer and editor. He worked with the MFA program at Stony Brook Southampton and as a consultant for Barnes & Noble Bookstores. Menaker was a fiction editor at The New Yorker for twenty years. Menaker was born in New York City.
Menaker died on October 26, 2020 from pancreatic cancer at his home in New Marlborough, Massachusetts at the age of 79.
References
1941 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
American novelists
American editors
Journalists from New York City
Meditation in Venice (Rotta)

Meditation in Venice (also known as Meditazione a Venezia) is a 19th-century oval oil painting by Antonio Rotta, in 1845, in Venice, Italy, exhibited at the Revoltella Museum in Trieste, Italy.
Related pages
Genre painting
The Hopeless Case (Rotta)
The Retarded Child (Antonio Rotta)
Bibliographie
La pittura nel Veneto: L'Ottocento, vol. 2, p. 887, 2003.
Notes
Paintings by Antonio Rotta
1840s paintings
Laguna Niguel, California

Laguna Niguel is a suburban city in Orange County, California in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,355.
Laguna Niguel has a median household income 31 percent above the Orange County average and nearly double the U.S. average. It is known for its mild coastal climate and very low crime rate.
References
Other websites
Cities in California
Settlements in Orange County, California
Artillery (band)

Artillery is a thrash metal band from Denmark. They started in 1982 and have split up and reformed twice.
Discography
So far, as of 2012, Artillery has released six studio albums, which include:
Fear of Tomorrow (1985)
Terror Squad (1987)
By Inheritance (1990)
B.A.C.K. (1999)
When Death Comes (2009)
My Blood (2011)
Legions (2013)
Penalty by Perception (2016)
The Face of Fear (2018)
X (2021)
1980s music groups
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Danish heavy metal bands
Thrash metal bands
Joe Hall

Joseph Henry "Bad Joe" Hall (May 3, 1881 - April 5, 1919) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Hall played senior and professional hockey from 1902 to 1919, when he died as a result of the influenza epidemic of 1918. He won the Stanley Cup twice with the Quebec Bulldogs and once with the Kenora Thistles.
Playing career
Hall was born in Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom and grew up in Brandon, Manitoba. Nicknamed "Bad Joe" for his aggressiveness on the ice, he played in the Manitoba Hockey Association with the Brandon Wheat Kings, Winnipeg Rowing Club and the Kenora Thistles, and in the National Hockey Association as a member of the Quebec Bulldogs. He played for the Montreal Canadiens in their first two seasons in the National Hockey League from 1917-1919.
Hall won the Stanley Cup with the Kenora Thistles in 1907, for which he received a "loving cup" which is on display in the Hockey Hall of Fame. He won the Cup with the Quebec Bulldogs in 1912 and 1913. He also challenged for the Stanley Cup in 1904 with the Winnipeg Rowing Club.
1919 Stanley Cup Final
In 1919, Hall was part of the Montreal Canadiens team that made it to the Stanley Cup Finals. The Finals were interrupted and eventually cancelled due to an outbreak of Spanish influenza. The flu was contracted by several players on both the Canadiens and their opponents, the Seattle Metropolitans. Hall would eventually succumb to pneumonia, related to his influenza, in a hospital in Seattle, Washington just four days after the Stanley Cup Final series was abandoned.
He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961.
Career statistics
Awards and achievements
IHL First Team All-Star (1906)
Stanley Cup Championships (1907 - Kenora, 1912 & 1913 - Quebec)
Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961
"Honoured Member" of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
In fiction
In Roy MacGregor's The Ghost of the Stanley Cup in his The Screech Owls series of hockey books, "Bad" Joe Hall is named as the haunting spirit.
Other websites
Joe Hall's biography at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
1881 births
1919 deaths
Deaths from influenza
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Montreal Canadiens players
Montreal Wanderers players
People from Manitoba
Stanley Cup champions
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA) players
Old Rauma

Old Rauma (, ) is a wooden city centre. It is located in the town of Rauma, Finland. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The area of Old Rauma is about 0.3 km2. It has approximately six hundred buildings (including both proper houses and smaller buildings like sheds). About 800 people live in the area.
The town of Rauma expanded outside Old Rauma only in the early 19th century. The oldest currently standing buildings were built in the 18th century, because two fires in 1640 and 1682 destroyed the town. Most buildings are currently inhabited and owned by private individuals. The two main streets and area around the town square are mainly in business use.
References
Other websites
Old Rauma as a VRML model
Old Rauma information in English
World Heritage Sites in Europe
History of Finland
City-state

A city-state is a city that has its own sovereignty, meaning that it is its own country. There were many important city-states in ancient Greece. Nowadays, cities may have differing degrees of self-governance. In order to be considered a city-state, a city must govern itself independently, by regulating its own taxes, or having independent representation at the United Nations.
Antiquity
In Ancient Greece a polis was a city-state
Athens
Sparta
Corinth
Thebes
Modern city states
Sorted in order of area size.
Singapore was a British colony till 1959. In 1959, it achieved autonomy in internal matters. Between 1963 and 1965, it was part of Malaysia. Singapore was removed from Malaysia on 9 August 1965 and became independent.
The second smallest country in the world, Monaco is entirely urban, because all its territory of only 2 square kilometers is built-up.
The smallest country in the world was created in 1929. The Vatican City is an enclave completely surrounded by the city of Rome, Italy, and is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church.
Political geography
Afton (village), New York

Afton is a village in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 822 at the 2010 census.
References
Villages in New York (state)
1469

1469 was a common year.
Events
March 20 - The Battle of Nibley Green in England is the last battle fought between the private armies of feudal lords.
July 26 - War of the Roses - Battle of Edgecote Moor: the House of Lancaster defeats the House of York.
October 17 - Prince Ferdinand of Aragon weds Princess Isabella of Castile. This event would lead to a unified Spain in 1516.
Sigismund of Austria sells upper-Elsass (Alsace) to the Charles the Bold in exchange for help in a war against the Swiss.
Uzun Hassa wins in Persia and defeats Abu Said.
Lorenzo de' Medici takes power in Florence.
Moctezuma I, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, dies and is succeeded by Axayacatl.
James III of Scotland acquires Orkney and Shetland Islands from Denmark.
Births
April 15 - Nanak Dev
May 3 - Niccolo Machiavelli
Deaths
December 2 - Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (b. 1416)
Moctezuma I, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan
Jersey Shore (TV series)

Jersey Shore is an MTV reality series that features eight housemates who spend their summers in New Jersey and partying in their beach house and working at a store. Season 1 was shot in Seaside Heights, New Jersey and season 2 was shot in Miami, Florida. The cast later returned to Seaside Heights for Season 3 with a new cast member Deena. MTV has later reported that Season 4 of Jersey Shore will be filmed in Italy during spring and summer 2011. Also, cast members Snooki and JWoww have a spinoff show. The show has brought a lot of controversy about its use of the slang word "guido/guidette" and how they portray Italian American stereotypes. Despite this, the show has brought record high ratings for MTV, making it the network's most viewed reality show ever. MTV announced that they were going to cancel the series after 6 seasons.
Cast members
Angelina "Jolie" Pivarnick (Season 1-2), a New York City bartender
Jenni "JWoww" Farley (Season 1-6), graphic designer and club promoter from Franklin Square, New York
Michael "The Situation" Sorrentino (Season 1-6), assistant manager of a fitness center in Staten Island, New York
Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi (Season 1-6), aspiring veterinary technician from Marlboro, New York
Paul "DJ Pauly D" DelVecchio (Season 1-6), disc jockey from Johnston, Rhode Island
Ronnie Ortiz-Magro (Season 1-6), tries not to fall in love at the Jersey Shore
Sammi "Sweetheart" Giancola (Season 1-6), entered for the sole intent of having fun
Vinny Guadagnino (Season 1-6), entered to enjoy his first summer as a 21-year-old
Deena Nicole Cortese (Season 3-6), a friend of Polizzi's from New Egypt, New Jersey, who auditioned for Season 1, but did not make it until Season 3.
References
Other websites
Jersey Shore's Official MTV website
2009 American television series debuts
2012 American television series endings
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American reality television series
Television series set in New Jersey
English-language television programs
Cashew

The cashew is a tropical tree in the flowering plant. The plant is native to northeastern Brazil. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts (see below) and cashew apples.
Cashew nut
Cashew nuts are a popular snack and food source. Cashews, unlike other oily tree nuts, contain starch to about 10% of their weight. This makes them more effective than other nuts in thickening water-based dishes such as soups, meat stews, and some Indian milk-based desserts. Many southeast Asian and south Asian cuisines use cashews for this unusual characteristic, rather than other nuts.
Cashews can also be used to make cashew butter.
Because the shell of the cashew nut is toxic, it is removed before it is sold to consumers.
References
Trees
Anacardiaceae
Edible nuts and seeds
Richard C. Blum

Richard Charles Blum (July 31, 1935 - February 27, 2022) was an American investor. He was the husband of United States Senator Dianne Feinstein. He was the chairman and president of Blum Capital, an equity investment management firm.
Blum was on the boards of directors of many companies. He worked for CB Richard Ellis, until May 2009. He was the chairman of that board. He was a regent of the University of California from 2002 until his death.
Blum died on February 27, 2022 in San Francisco, California from lung cancer, aged 86.
References
1935 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Businesspeople from San Francisco
2020–21 Austrian Cup

The 2020-21 Austrian Cup was the 90st edition of the national cup in Austrian football. Red Bull Salzburg were the defending champions.
Round dates
The competition was held as follows.
First round
Thirty-two first round matches were played between 28 and 30 August 2021.
Second round
Sixteen second round matches were played between 16 and 18 October 2020 .
Third round
Eight third round matches were played between 3 and 5 November 2020 . Due to COVID-19 pandemic no spectators were allowed.
Quarter-finals
The four quarter-finals were played between 5 and 7 February 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic no spectators were allowed.
Semi-finals
The two semi-final matches were played on 2 and 3 March 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic no spectators were allowed.
Final
The final was played on 1 May 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic no spectators were allowed.
Top goalscorers
References
Other websites
Austrian Cup on soccerway
Austrian Cup
2020 in Austria
2020 in European sport
2021 in Austria
Emil Adolf von Behring

Emil von Behring (Emil Adolf von Behring), born Emil Adolf Behring (15 March 1854 - 31 March 1917), was a German doctor. He won the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for making a serum to stop people getting the disease diphtheria
References
1854 births
1917 deaths
German academics
German doctors
German Nobel Prize winners
People from former German territories
Prussian scientists
Naphthalene

Naphthalene is a crystalline, white hydrocarbon, with a strong smell. It is best known as the main ingredient in mothballs, urinal deodorizer blocks, and can be used as an antiseptic. In mothballs, it is used as an insecticide or pesticide.
Naphthalene is toxic. In humans, being exposed to naphthalene can destroy red blood cells. Naphthalene may also cause cancer.
History
In the early 1820s, two different papers are published on something that matches the description of Naphthalene. Both groups made it by distilling coal tar. In 1821 John Kidd cited both reports, and condensed their results to accurately describe the properties of naphthalene, and how to make it. Kidd named it naphthalene because "naphtha" means any explosive hydrocarbon mixture. By 1826, Michael Faraday discovered the formula for it. Emil Erlenmeyer proposes that it is two fused benzene rings in 1866, and Carl Grabe confirms this three years later.
References
Other websites
Naphthalene (PIM 363) - mostly on toxicity of naphthalene
Hydrocarbons
Warren (domestic)

A domestic warren is a man-made, enclosed establishment of animal husbandry that is used for the raising of domestic rabbits for meat and fur.
There was a clear distinction between free warren and domestic warren. But today that is nearly gone. One even speaks of a prairie dog warren.
Other websites
Description of mounds, etc.
References
Domesticated animals
Animal enclosures
National Library of Malaysia

The National Library of Malaysia is in Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia. It is the country's national library. It was founded in 1956.
Other websites
Library of Malaysia
National libraries in Asia
1956 establishments in Asia
Buildings and structures in Kuala Lumpur
20th-century establishments in Malaysia
Tennison Cooray

Merengnnakuge Tennison Cooray (Sinhalese: siNhl:ttenisn kuree) (30 April 1952 - 28 September 2020) was a Sri Lankan comedian and actor. He was born in Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. Cooray was known for his roles as Miguel in the Re Daniel Dawal Migel movie series, his small roles in the Cheriyo movie series and as Bean in Somy Boys.
Cooray died on 28 September 2020 in Colombo, Sri Lanka from a heart attack, aged 68.
References
1952 births
2020 deaths
Sri Lankan movie actors
Sri Lankan comedians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
New Day

"New Day" is a song recorded by English band Take That for their eighth studio album, Wonderland (2017). It was written by Gary Barlow, Howard Donald, Mark Owen, Jamie Norton, and Ben Mark, while the production was done by Mark Ralph. It was released as the lead single from Wonderland on 5 May 2017 through Polydor Records.
References
2017 songs
Surrey Quays railway station

Surrey Quays is a station on the East London line branch of the London Overground.
Background
It is located in Rotherhithe, which is part of London Borough of Southwark. It is in Travelcard Zone 2 and the next station to the north is . To the south, the railway splits into two branches. One goes to . The other goes to New Cross, Crystal Palace and West Croydon. The station was closed in late 2007 for refurbishment. It re-opened on 27 April 2010 as part of the London Overground network.
References
London Overground stations
2007 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2000s disestablishments in England
2010 establishments in England
Petropedetidae

Petropedetinae are a subfamily of frogs.
They are placed in the true frog family (Ranidae) by many authors. Some think at least part of this group are a distinct family Petropedetidae. The Cacosterninae and Phrynobatrachinae are then separated as subfamilies. They may even be distinct families Cacosternidae and Phrynobatrachidae. Most members of this subfamily are in the genus Phrynobatrachus.
These frogs mostly live in sub-Saharan Africa.
This group of frogs is made up from the following genera:
Anhydrophryne - Hogsback Frog (1 species)
Arthroleptella - moss frogs (8 species)
Arthroleptides - African torrent frogs (3 species)
Cacosternum - cacos (10 species)
Dimorphognathus (1 species)
Ericabatrachus (1 species)
Microbatrachella - Micro Frog (1 species)
Natalobatrachus (1 species)
Nothophryne (1 species)
Petropedetes (7 species)
Phrynobatrachus - dwarf puddle frogs or African puddle frogs (70+ species)
Phrynodon (1 species)
Poyntonia (1 species)
References
(2006): Amphibian Species of the World Version 3 - Petropedetidae Noble, 1931. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Retrieved 2006-AUG-05.
Frogs
Hunting Formation

The Hunting Formation is a stratigraphic unit on Somerset Island (Nunavut) in the far north of Canada. It includes fossils of simple eukaryotic algae that reproduced sexually. They date to the end of the Ectasian and start of the Stenian period, about 1,200 million years ago.
References
Mesoproterozoic
Lake Iseo

Lake Iseo or Lago d'Iseo or Sebino is the fourth largest lake in Lombardy, Italy. Water flows into it from the Oglio river.
Lakes of Italy
1177

1177 was a common year.
Events
November 25 -- Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Chatillon beat Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard.
During the third year of the Angen era in Japan, a fire devastates Kyoto.
Benedictus Abbas becomes abbot of Peterborough.
Byland Abbey is started in Yorkshire by the Cistercians.
Casimir II becomes duke of Poland.
The Cham sack the Khmer capital of Angkor Wat.
Roger de Moulins becomes Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller.
Moscow is burned down.
Puigcerda is founded by Alfonso II of Aragon.
Leopold V becomes Duke of Austria.
September 27 -- Pope Alexander III sends a letter to Prester John, believing he is real.
Treaty of Venice -- Frederick I Barbarossa accepts Alexander III as Pope
Estonians attack Pskov during winter.
Births
Baldwin V, king of Jerusalem (d. 1186)
Robert de Ros, English baron (d. 1226)
Philip of Swabia, enemy of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1208)
Deaths
January 13 -- Henry II of Austria (b. 1107)
William of Montferrat, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, father of Baldwin V of Jerusalem (b. early 1140s)
Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk (b. 1095)
Heads of State
England -- Henry II (reigned 1154-1189)
France -- Louis VII (reigned 1137-1180)
Byzantine Empire -- Manuel I Comnenus (reigned 1143-1180)
Pope -- Alexander III (pope 1159-1181)
Song China - Song Xiaozong (Song Xiao Zong ) (reigned 1162-1189)
Staining

Staining is used in microscopy to make cells and tissues easier to see and understand.
This is a way to improve contrast in the microscopic image. Stains and dyes are often used in biology and medicine to highlight structures in biological tissues, often with the aid of different microscopes.
Staining can be done on living tissues (in vivo) or on dead tissues (in vitro).
Preparation
Dead tissue needs to be "fixed" so it does not decay. The fixative keeps the structure as it is. After fixation a tissue may be cut into thin slices, and put on a series of glass microscope slides. Occasionally, it is necessary to dissolve cell membranes so large dye molecules can get into the cells. Standards are published in the Biotechnic & Histochemistry journal.
Staining
The simplest way is to dip the slide plus specimen into a solution of dye, then rinse it and examine. The stains used are certified stains, tested by the Biological Stain Commission.
Staining bacteria
Gram staining is used to classify bacteria. It is based on the composition of their cell wall. Gram staining uses crystal violet to stain cell walls, iodine as a mordant, and a counterstain which marks all bacteria.
Gram-positive bacteria stain dark blue or violet. Their cell wall lacks the secondary membrane and lipopolysaccharide layer found in Gram-negative bacteria.
On most Gram-stained preparations, Gram-negative organisms are red or pink from the counterstain.
Staining tissues
Haematoxylin and eosin staining is often used in histology for thin sections of tissue. Haematoxylin stains cell nuclei blue, while eosin stains cytoplasm, connective tissue and other extracellular substances pink or red.
Eosin is strongly absorbed by red blood cells, colouring them bright red. In a skilfully made H & E preparation the red blood cells are almost orange, and collagen and cytoplasm (especially muscle) go different shades of pink. Hematoxylin stains the cell nucleus and other acidic structures (such as RNA-rich portions of the cytoplasm and the matrix of hyaline cartilage) blue. In contrast, eosin stains the cytoplasm and collagen pink.
A quick and simple stain used on blood smears, and human cheek cells is methylene blue, which stains the nuclei. There are many other specialist stains, some fluorescent under special light.
References
Cells
Laboratory techniques
Types of tennis match

Traditionally, tennis is played between two people in a Singles match, or four players in a Doubles match. However, popular variations allowing play between three players (of which two or three are on the court at any one time) have emerged.
Singlesin tennis is the body of competition that features individual players competing one-on-one. There are separate singles competitions for men and women. The singles competition exists in counterdistinction to doubles.
Doublesone team of two players on each side (four players in total). In this version, gender does not matter. Doubles utilizes a wider court than singles matches.
Mixed doubles similar to the doubles game, but this version requires one man and one woman to be a team.
American doubles(from the UK) is generally used in training, and plays one player (playing with a singles court layout) versus two players (playing with a doubles court layout). Often the court rotates game by game taking it in turns to play on your own.
Jordache tennisis a game played between three players. A normal tennis game takes place between two of the three contestants. Players are awarded 5 points for a game win and the loser is awarded points based on the score achieved: 3 for deuce, 2 for 30 and 1 for 15. The winner remains in. The player replacing the loser gets to choose who serves. The first to 50 wins. Scoring is calculated continuously, so if a player is currently on 49 points at the start of a game they only have to win one point for the game to end. There is a variation invented in 2005, called "mini-Jordache", where the winner is the first to 25.
Wheelchair tennishas the same thing as both singles and doubles, however, the ball may bounce twice before hitting it, the second bounce may even be outside the field.
Australian Doublesis played when one player is significantly better than 2 others. Two players on one side hitting into the singles court while the better player is alone hitting into the doubles court.
Canadian Doubles is similar to Australian Doubles, however the single player does not have to be significantly better than the double team.
Other websites
http://www.sportsofworld.com/tennis/
http://www.ballsport2u.com/tennis-games.html
Tennis
Perryville, Kentucky

Perryville is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Tony Morphett

Anthony David Morphett (10 March 1938 - 2 June 2018) was an Australian screenwriter. He created or co-created many Australian television series, including Dynasty, Certain Women. Sky Trackers, Blue Heelers, Water Rats, Above the Law and Rain Shadow.
Morphett died in Katoomba, New South Wales of a heart attack on 2 June 2018 at the age of 80.
References
Other websites
Tony Morphett's web site
1938 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Australian screenwriters
Television writers
People from New South Wales
RTVI

RTVI (Russian Television International), more recently stylized as RTVi, is a privately-owned international Russian-language television network. Its primary audiences are the Russian-speaking communities of Israel, Germany and the US. RTVI does not broadcast in Russia, but is available to the Russian audience online.
The channel studios are based in New York City, Tel Aviv, Berlin and Riga. Additional news bureaus of RTVi are located in Washington, D.C., London, Moscow, Kyiv, Tbilisi, Yerevan and Chisinau. The channel launched on 1 January 1997 as NTV International, before rebranding as RTVi in 2002.
It has special programs focused on Israeli politics and the Russian-speaking communities (for example, "This Week in Israel") in Israel and also Germany (with the program "This Week in Germany").
References
Other websites
www.rtvi.tv
www.rtvi.com
http://www.runyweb.com/articles/leisure/tv-radio-press/rtvi-presented-the-new-leadership-in-new-york-the-updated-concept-of-the-channel.html
1997 establishments
Television networks
Plomb du Cantal

Plomb du Cantal is a French mountain, the highest summit of Mounts of Cantal in the Massif Central, France. It is part of the Regional Natural Park of the Volcanoes of Auvergne ().
It is the highest mountain of the Cantal department and the second highest in the Massif Central, after Puy de Sancy that is high.
Geography
Plomb du Cantal is in the Mounts of Cantal, a chain of volcanic mountains in the Massif Central, in the centre of the Cantal department. It is at about to the northeast of Aurillac, the capital of the Cantal department.
The summit is on the border between the communes of Saint-Jacques-des-Blats to the west and Albepierre-Bredons to the east.
Many rivers start on the slopes of the mountain; they flow through three main drainage basins:
to the west, on the side of Saint-Jacques-des-Blats, is the drainage basin of the Cere river that flows to the Dordogne river;
to the south, on the side of the commune of Brezons, is the drainage basin of the Brezons river that flows to the Garonne river; and
to the northeast, on the side of Albepierre-Bredons, is the drainage basin of the Alagnon river that flows to the Loire river.
The Plomb du Cantal, with other near mountains, is part of the stratovolcano of Cantal, the largest French stratovolcano and one of the most important of Europe with an area of almost . It had, 4 millions of years ago, an elevation of or higher.
Because its importance for the movement of migratory birds, the Plomb du Cantal together with the Mounts of Cantal are part of a Special Protection Area since 2005: FR8310066 - Monts et Plomb du Cantal.
Ski resorts
There are two main ski stations (places where people go to practice skiing) on the slopes of Plomb du Cantal or near it: Le Lioran, also known as Super Lioran, and Prat-de-Bouc.
Climbing
To get to the summit, there are three climbing routes:
By cable car to the Lioran station followed by hiking during about 10 minutes;
Hiking to the Lioran station and then to the mountain during about 1 hour and a half; and
Hiking from the Prat-de-Bouc parking lot during about 2 hours.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Plomb du Cantal et Puy du Rocher par le col de Prat de Bouc - Altituderando
Plomb du Cantal - peakery
Le Lioran
Mountains of France
Cantal
1900

1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian Calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday in the Julian Calendar. It was the last year of the 19th century.
Art, music, theatre, literature
May 17 - The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum is published.
Events
February 9 - The Boers defeat the British at Ladysmith, South Africa.
The Olympic Games took place in Paris.
Births
January
January 1 - Mieczyslaw Batsch, Polish footballer (d. 1977)
January 1 - Paola Borboni, Italian actress (d. 1995)
February
February 22 - Luis Bunuel, Spanish director (d. 1983)
March
March 29 - John McEwen, 18th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)
April
April 5 - Spencer Tracy, American actor (d. 1967)
April 26 - Charles Richter, American geophysicist and inventor (d. 1985)
May
May 11 - Pridi Banomyong, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 1983)
June
June 17 - Martin Bormann, Nazi-German politician (d. 1945)
July
July 19 - Arno Breker, German sculptor (d. 1991)
August
August 4 - Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, queen of George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 2002)
September
September 3 - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (d. 1986)
October
October 7 - Heinrich Himmler, German Nazi politician (d. 1945)
October 17 - Jean Arthur, American actress (d. 1991)
October 20 - Ismail al-Azhari, President of Sudan (d. 1969)
October 21 - Srinagarindra, Queen Mother of Thailand (d. 1995)
October 26 - Ibrahim Abboud, President of Sudan (d. 1983)
November
November 14 - Aaron Copland, American composer (d. 1990)
December
December 6 - Agnes Moorehead, American actress (d. 1974)
Deaths
June 5 - Stephen Crane, American writer (b. 1871)
August 25 - Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher and writer (b. 1844)
November 22 - Sir Arthur Sullivan. English composer (b. 1842)
November 30 - Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (b. 1854)
1790s

The 1790s was a decade that began on 1 January 1790 and ended on 31 December 1799.
Events
French Revolution
Supreme Court of the United States meets for first time.
Whiskey Rebellion in the United States.
First State of the Union Address
World leaders
King Louis XVI (France)
Maximilien Robespierre (France)
King George III (Great Britain)
Emperor Leopold II (Holy Roman Empire)
Emperor Francis II (Holy Roman Empire)
Frederick William II of Prussia, King of Prussia
Emperor Kangxi (China)
Pope Pius VI
Empress Catherine II (Russia)
Emperor Paul (Russia)
King Charles IV (Spain)
President George Washington (United States)
President John Adams (United States)
Shahs of Persia (Zand dynasty and Qajar dynasty)
Lotf Ali Khan, 1789-1794
Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, 1796-1797
Fath Ali Shah, 1797-1834
Births
Jean-Francois Champollion, French Egyptologist (1790)
Samuel Morse, American inventor (1791)
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, Mexican general and President of Mexico (1794)
Deaths
Benjamin Franklin, American scientist and statesman (1790)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (1791)
George Washington, first President of the United States (1799)
Noble gas

The noble gases are a group of elements that are all gases. These elements are all in group 18 of the periodic table. All of them are monoatomic, meaning each molecule is a single atom. They almost never react with other elements. This is because they have a full 8 electrons outer electron shell. There are six noble gases:
helium
neon
argon
krypton
xenon
radon
All of these gases are found in air. They make up around 0.96% of the atmosphere. Noble gas compounds can be formed from noble gases.
When the noble gases are used in cold cathode tubes to produce light, each of them has a different colour. Since Radon is radioactive, it is usually not used for lighting. Here are pictures of what the others look like:
Oganesson (element 118) is probably the next noble gas after Radon because it is the next box down in the same group. However it has a half life of 0.89 ms, after which it decays to Livermorium (Element 116). This means its use is probably limited.
Noble gases were discovered by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay. Rayleigh won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904 for his work on noble gas. Ramsay won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 for his work with noble gas.
References
Harrier

Harriers are species of diurnal hawks. They are birds of prey. Harriers usually hunt by flying low over open ground, feeding on small mammals, reptiles, or birds. The young of the species are sometimes referred to as ring-tail harriers.
Details
Most harriers are placed in the genus Circus. This scientific name comes from the circling movements the birds make when courting.
Two other harriers are in the genus Polyboroides, the harrier-hawks, which are allopatric (geographically separated) and restricted to the Afrotropic ecozone. The remaining single species forms the genus Geranospiza.
Ring-tails
Ring-tail is an informal term used by birders for the juveniles and females of several harrier species. If seen in the field the exact species usually cannot be known. Ring-tail harriers include the juveniles and females of Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus); Northern or hen harrier (Circus cyaneus); and pallid harrier (Circus macrourus).
References
Other websites
Harrier videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Harrier videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Accipitriformes
Plaistow, New Hampshire

Plaistow is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States.
Towns in New Hampshire
Taupo Volcano

The Taupo Volcano is a supervolcano in New Zealand. Its caldera, which is filled with a large body of water, is named Lake Taupo. This supervolcano is the cause of two of the most violent volcanic eruptions in recent times. These eruptions ranked high on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, with the Oruanui eruption ranking at an 8, and the Hatepe eruption ranking at an 7.
Volcanoes of New Zealand
VEI-8 volcanoes
Geography of New Zealand
Population control in Singapore

Population control in Singapore had two distinct phases. First, to slow and reverse the boom in births that started after World War II. Second, from the 1980s, to encourage parents to have more children because numbers had fallen below replacement levels.
In the 1960s and 1970s, The Family Planning and Population Board (FPPB) was set up. At first it favoured small families, and later ran the Stop at Two programme. This pushed for small two-children families and promoted sterilisation.
As birthrates fell, so the government introduced a policy that encouraged having three or more children.
References
Related pages
Family planning
Contraception
Overpopulation
Singapore
Contraception
Population
Fiat 500

The Fiat 500 is an Italian car produced by Italian car manufacturer Fiat over 2 generations.
1st gen
The first generation 500 was produced from 1957 to 1975. It is about 2.9 metres long, uses rear wheel drive, and comes in multiple body styles, usually hatchback.
2nd gen
Revealed in 2007, the second generation 500 comes in convertible and hatchback body styles. It grew about 0.6 metres longer, now 3.5m long. It is now only front wheel drive, and comes in less body styles
1950s automobiles
1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
2020s automobiles
Hatchbacks
Leyland Motors

Leyland Motors Limited (later known as the Leyland Motor Corporation) started in the town of Leyland, Lancashire, England. It started as a bus manufacturing company but soon started to make trucks too. The factory locations included Spurrier Works in Leyland. A new factory was opened in Workington where the Leyland National Bus was produced from 1972 to 1985.
References
Jack, Doug (1984). The Leyland Bus Mk2, UK: Transport Publishing Company.
Other websites
The British Commercial Vehicle Museum, Leyland
Leyland Motors clock - Kendal, Cumbria
1896 establishments in England
1968 disestablishments in England
British transport companies
Lancashire
Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
Cathode

A cathode is a type of electrode through which electrons move. Electrodes are an electrical conductor (usually a metal) that is connected to something that is not a metal. Electric current is a flow of charges through a conductor. There are two theories; one theory is conventional current flow and the other is actual current flow. The anode delivers conventional (or customary) current (which travels in the opposite direction as electrons) and the cathode receives that current. This means that electrons come out of the anode and electrons go into the cathode.
This lets an electric current go into an electrical device such as a battery or other electrical cell. It can also end in a vacuum, like in a cathode ray tube. In this case, the electrons may go into open space.
In other words, a cathode is a positive electrode on a battery and a negative electrode on an electrolytic cell. Electric current is perceived as flowing in the opposite direction that the electrons are flowing. So electrons go into the + (positive) terminal of a battery, but electric current goes out. Electrons go into the + (positive) terminal of an electrolytic cell, but electric current goes out.
An electrode through which electrons flows out of the device is termed a cathode because it is negatively charged. A cathode is a negative electrode on a battery and a negative electrode on an electrolytic cell.
Related pages
Photocathode
Cold cathode
References
How to Define Anode and Cathode
Electronic components
Elmswell

Elmswell is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 3,359 people living in Elmswell.
References
Mid Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Josef Šural

Josef Sural (30 May 1990 - 29 April 2019) was a Czech footballer. He played as a forward.
Sural was born in Hustopece. He played for Czech sides Brno, Slovan Liberec and Sparta Praha. At the time of his death, he was playing for Turkish club Alanyaspor since early 2019. He played for the Czech Republic from 2013 until his death in 2019. He played for his country 20 times, scoring once. He also played for the Czech Republic at the UEFA Euro 2016.
On 29 April 2019, Sural team's minibus overturned near the Turkish coastal town of Alanya. Sural was taken to hospital where he died. Seven other players were injured.
References
Other websites
1990 births
2019 deaths
Czech footballers
Road accident deaths
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Wolfville

Wolfville is a Canadian town in the Annapolis Valley, Kings County, Nova Scotia, located about northwest of the provincial capital, Halifax.
Notable people
Joseph Barss, privateer
Alex Colville, (1920-2013) WWII artist
Arthur Chute McGill, (1926-1980) theologian and philosopher
Mona Louise Parsons, (1901-1976) member of the Dutch resistance, WW2
Eddy (M) Melanson was born in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, on July 25, 1938.
Gilbert Lafayette Foster, 6th Canadian Surgeon General
References
Other websites
Town of Wolfville Municipal Web Site
Towns in Nova Scotia
Howard Engel

Howard Engel CM (April 2, 1931 - July 17, 2019) was a Canadian mystery writer and CBC producer. He was well known for his novel series of Benny Cooperman detective novels. Engel was a founder of Crime Writers of Canada. He was born in St. Catharines, Ontario.
Engel died of pneumonia on July 17, 2019 in Toronto at the age of 88.
References
1931 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Television producers
Writers from Ontario
Cloud Number Nine

"Cloud Number Nine" is a 1999 song by Bryan Adams and is the third single from his eighth studio album On a Day Like Today. It went to number 6 in the United Kingdom, number 2 in Czech Republic, number 5 in Scotland, number 67 in Australia, number 7 in Canada and Hungary and number 16 in Ireland.
Track listings
UK CD1
"Cloud #9" (Chicane Mix)
"Let's Talk About Love"
"When You're Gone" (acoustic version featuring Melanie C)
UK CD2
"Cloud #9" (Chicane Mix)
"Cloud #9" (Bascombe Mix)
Snippets ("C'mon C'mon"/"Inside Out"/"Where Angels Fear to Tread")
European CD single
"Cloud #9" (Chicane Mix)
"Let's Talk About Love"
Australian CD single
"Cloud #9" (Chicane Mix)
"Let's Talk About Love"
"When You're Gone" (acoustic version)
Snippets ("C'mon C'mon"/"Inside Out"/"Where Angels Fear to Tread")
References
1999 songs
Bryan Adams songs
Soft rock songs