pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Blackletter

Blackletter or Gothic script is an old way to write. Blackletter in writing or print was used in Western Europe from about 1150 to the 17th century. It was used for printing in Germany until the 20th century.
Letter shapes in printing were copied from letter shapes in a style of handwriting. So, the Gothic script of northern Europe and the Latin script used in Italy were both copied into print typography.
The name Gothic script
Some people call blackletter Old English. This is not right, because Old English is a language, not a script, and many centuries older. Also Gothic script has nothing to do with the Goths. They lived in central Europe from the 3rd to 6th century and wrote in runes. Blackletter must not be confused either with the ancient Gothic alphabet or with the sans-serif typefaces that are also sometimes called Gothic.
The term Gothic was first used to describe this script in fifteenth century Italy, in the midst of the Renaissance. Scholars thought it was a barbaric script: Gothic was a synonym for barbaric.
Not only were blackletter forms called Gothic script, but any other seemingly barbarian script was also labeled "Gothic". In contrast, the humanists preferred the Carolingian minuscule, a highly legible script. They called it littera antiqua, "the ancient letter", believing that it was the script used by the Romans. But actually it was invented in the reign of Charlemagne.
Origins
Carolingian minuscule was the direct and linear ancestor of blackletter. Blackletter came from Carolingian when Europe in the twelfth century needed new books in many different subjects when more and more people learned to read. New universities were founded, each writing books for business, law, grammar, history, and other topics, not only religious books, where earlier scripts were used.
These books needed to be produced quickly to keep up with demand. Carolingian, though legible, was time-consuming and labour-intensive to produce. It was large and wide and took up a lot of space on a manuscript in a time when writing materials were very costly. As early as the eleventh century, different forms of Carolingian were already being used, and by the mid-twelfth century, a clearly distinguishable form, able to be written more quickly to meet the demand for new books, was being used in north-eastern France and the Low Countries.
Sources
Bernhard Bischoff, Latin Palaeography: Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Middle Ages
Typography
Writing
God of War (2018 video game)

God of War is an action-adventure video game. It was released on April 20, 2018. The game was released for PlayStation 4. This game is based on Norse mythology instead of Greek mythology what was is used by previous games of this franchise.
God of War is the sequel of God of War III.
Plot
After the Kratos' defeat of the Olympic gods, Kratos lives with his son in Midgard. Kratos bury his wife and after that he and his son begin their journey to the nine realms. It was for scattering of ashes of Kratos' wife. During the journey, Kratos teach his son to survive and fight monsters, such as trolls or draug.
God of War (franchise)
2018 video games
Wickham Market

Wickham Market is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 2,204 people living in Wickham Market.
References
Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Suffolk Coastal
Keiji Ishizuka

Keiji Ishizuka (born 26 August 1974) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1993||rowspan="5"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|1994||7||1||2||1||0||0||9||2
|-
|1995||15||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1996||0||0||1||0||2||1||3||1
|-
|1997||7||1||0||0||5||1||12||2
|-
|1997||Consadole Sapporo||Football League||10||2||3||1||2||0||15||3
|-
|1998||rowspan="3"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||10||1||0||0||0||0||10||1
|-
|1999||17||3||4||2||1||0||22||5
|-
|2000||29||6||2||1||6||0||37||7
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||13||3||3||0||1||0||17||3
|-
|2002||5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2003||Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2003||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
116||17||17||5||18||2||151||24
116||17||17||5||18||2||151||24
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Kyoto
Upper Dir District

Upper Dir is one of the 26 districts in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the north-western part of the province and has an area of 3,699 km square kilometers. Dir is the district headquarters.
It used to be one district named Dir but in 1996 it was divided into two, Upper Dir and Lower Dir District.
History
At the time of Pakistan's independence in 1947, Dir was a princely state ruled by Nawab Shah Jehan Khan. It was merged in Pakistan in 1969 and later on declared a district in 1970. Later on in 1996 it was divided.
Administration
National assembly
Provincial assembly
The district is represented by three elected MPAs in the provincial assembly.
PK-91 (Upper Dir-I)
PK-92 (Upper Dir-II)
PK-93 (Upper Dir-III)
Related pages
Lower Dir
Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Hitchhiking

Hitchhiking is a way to end travel from place to place in someone else's car or lorry. Usually, a hitchhiker (a person who hitchhikes) will stand at the side of a road and hold his or her thumb in the air waiting for a passerby to come and pick her or him up. This is a sign that he or she wants to go somewhere else.
It was a very common way of traveling in Europe in the 1970s until people started to go missing. It is common for people to encounter rapists or lunatics while hitchiking, it is not always clear when being picked up if a person is dangerous, and this make it very dangerous and has made it less popular.
Because of this, hitchhiking is illegal or restricted in many country's and states of America.
Other websites
The Hitchhiker's Guide to Hitchhiking - a wiki project to collect information about hitchhiking
Anhalterfreunde - Information all about hitchhiking (English and German language)
Liftershalte.info - a worldmap with hitching places.
hitchbase.com - Database with hitchhing places
Abgefahren e.V. - the first German Autostop Society; ideas, tips, projects,..
Transport
Oscar Cruz

Oscar V. Cruz (November 17, 1934 - August 26, 2020) was a Filipino Roman Catholic prelate. He was archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines. He was the Archbishop Emeritus of Lingayen-Dagupan in Pangasinan, Philippines, from 1991 to 2009. He was born in Balanga, Bataan, Philippine Islands.
Cruz died on August 26, 2020 in San Juan, Philippines from COVID-19, aged 85.
References
1934 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines
People from Manila
Filipino Roman Catholic bishops
Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia

Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia (born 17 July 1945), is the head of the House of Karadordevic, the former royal house of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and its predecessor the Kingdom of Serbia.
Family and personal life
Alexander is the only child of King Peter II and his wife, Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark. He was the crown prince of Yugoslavia for the first four-and-a-half months of his life, until the monarchy was abolished.
Born and raised in the United Kingdom, he enjoys close relationships with his relatives in the British royal family. His godparents were King George VI and his daughter, the then-Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II).
Through his father, Alexander is a direct descendant of Queen Victoria, through his great-great-grandfather Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Victoria's second eldest son. Maternally, he is also a direct descendant of Queen Victoria, through his great-great-grandmother Victoria, German Empress, Victoria's eldest daughter.
Political views
Alexander is known for his humanitarian work. He is also known for supporting the idea that Serbia should become a monarchy again, with himself as the king. Numerous political parties also support this idea, as does the Serbian Orthodox Church. Public surveys in Serbia show that many people would also support the monarchy.
1945 births
Living people
Ray Fosse

Raymond Earl Fosse (April 4, 1947 - October 13, 2021) was an American professional baseball player and television sports color commentator. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher from 1967 to 1979. He won the World Series two times with the Oakland Athletics.
Fosse died of cancer on October 13, 2021, at the age of 74.
References
1947 births
2021 deaths
Cancer deaths in the United States
Cleveland Indians players
Oakland Athletics players
Seattle Mariners players
Milwaukee Brewers players
Sportspeople from Illinois
American sports commentators
Don Alden Adams

Don Alden Adams (January 16, 1925 - December 30, 2019) was an American Jehovah's Witnesses leader. He was president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania from 2000 to 2014. The organization is the main legal body used around the world by Jehovah's Witnesses. Adams was born in Oak Park, Illinois.
Adams died in December 2019, at the age of 94.
References
1925 births
2019 deaths
American Christians
Christian religious leaders
Jehovah's Witnesses people
People from Oak Park, Illinois
British Rail Class 501

The British Rail Class 501 electric multiple units were built in 1957/58 for use on the former LNWR/LMS suburban electric network of the London Midland Region. A total of 57 three-car units were built.
501
Khomein County

Khomein County () is a county of the Markazi Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Khomein.
Counties of Iran
Markazi Province
Duroplast

Duroplast is a resin plastic made up mixing formica and bakelite reinforced with fibres (either cotton or wool) or glass fibres.
Uses
Duroplast was used by Eastern European automobile manufacturer VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau to produce the body of the popular Trabant motor car, toilet seats, and parts for the BMW X3.
Duroplast was first used in the body of the IFA F8 and later also the AWZ P70 or Zwickau P70 and later used in the body of the Trabant. Apart from the use in cars duroplast was also used to make suitcases.
Properties
Duroplast is light, flexible, and strong. It was also made of recycled material, cotton waste from Russia and phenol resins from the East German dye industry making the Trabant the first car with a body made of recycled material . Because it can be made in a press similar to shaping steel, it's easy to produce.
Critics
Duroplast cannot be completely recycled, and burning it produces toxic fumes, so disposing of the bodies of old Trabants is a problem. There are stories of pigs, sheep or other domestic farm animals consuming duroplast.
A Berlin biotechnology company claims that it has developed a solution to the duroplast problem: a bacterium that will eat a Trabant in 20 days and leave only compost.
In the last years the Duroplast was smashed and put cement blocks for pavement construction.
East Germany
ja:He Cheng Shu Zhi #Re Ying Hua Xing Shu Zhi
Synthetic materials
Goshen, Connecticut

Goshen is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 3,150 at the 2020 census.
References
Towns in Connecticut
Amnesic shellfish poisoning

Amnesic shellfish poisoning is an illness caused by poisoning with a particular toxin called domoic acid.
At times, some diatoms produce domoic acid in ocean water. Shellfish accumulate this poison, and when they are eaten by people, the people get poisoned. The symptoms may be very severe: they include permanent memory loss, brain damage, and vomiting.
This disease was discovered in 1987 in eastern Canada when many people got poisoned after eating shellfish in a restaurant. Several people died of this disease then.
Birds can get this disease too when they eat poisoned shellfish. Such birds lose the coordination ability, and may crash into car and house windows.
Scientists found that the incidents of this disease occur more frequently in the recent years.
In the United States it is illegal to catch and sell shellfish without a license. Caught shellfish have to be frequently tested. When this toxin is found in the shellfish, government bans fishing and selling it in the area.
In the UK, all shellfish caught for restaurants or sale to the public are put in clean water for at least two days before being brought to market. This is the standard way to protect from poisoning.
References
Toxicology
Protista
Patrick Dempsey

Patrick Galen Dempsey (born January 13, 1966) is an American actor. He is best known for his work on the television series Grey's Anatomy as Doctor Derek Shepherd. He has won a Screen Actors Guild Award as a cast member of Grey's Anatomy. He has also been nominated for the Emmy and Golden Globe Awards. He has been in the many movies. These include Transformers: Dark of the Moon, Valentine's Day, Sweet Home Alabama, Brother Bear 2 and Enchanted.
References
Other websites
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Maine
1966 births
Living people
People from Malibu, California
People from Lewiston, Maine
Ingrida Šimonytė

Ingrida Simonyte (born 15 November 1974) is a Lithuanian politician and economist. She has been the Prime Minister of Lithuania since 25 November 2020. She is the second woman to hold the office. She has been a member of the Seimas for the Antakalnis constituency since 2016.
She was minister of finance in the second Kubilius cabinet from 2009 until 2012. She was a candidate in the 2019 presidential election.
References
1974 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Lithuania
Economists
Valentina Tereshkova

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (; born 6 March 1937), is a Soviet retired cosmonaut.
She was the first woman to fly in space, aboard Vostok 6 (one of Vostok rocket) on 16 June 1963. She and four others were chosen out of more than 400 other women to fly in space.
Social activity
In 2011, she was elected to the State Duma of Russia from the United Russia party on the Yaroslavl regional list. Tereshkova, together with Elena Mizulina, Irina Yarovaya and Andrey Skoch, is a member of an inter-factional deputy group for the protection of Christian values; in this capacity, she supported the introduction of amendments to the Russian Constitution, according to which, "Orthodoxy is the basis of the national and cultural identity of Russia." Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Federal Structure and Local Self-Government since December 21, 2011.
References
1937 births
Living people
Cosmonauts
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Bridget of Sweden

Bridget of Sweden, or Birgitta Birgersdotter (1303-1373), was a mystic and saint, and founder of the Bridgettines nuns and monks.
A few months before she was born, her mother was in a shipwreck. Many people died, but her mother was saved by the king's brother. In a dream the night after her rescue, she was told that she was saved because the child in her womb was very special, and was a gift from God. After Bridget was born, she wanted to live her life as a holy woman, but it was hard, because she was one of only two surviving children in her family. When she was 14 years old, she was forced to marry 18-year-old Ulf Gudmarsson. This was hard for her because she believed that staying a virgin would be the closest state to God.
After Ulf died, God sent a message to tell Bridget to come to Rome. That same year, Bridget packed up her bags and headed off to Rome, never to return to her hometown again. In 1370, Pope Urban V made her religious group official. She eventually became famous for helping to restoring the papacy in Rome.
Related pages
Patron saint
Christian saints
Christian mystics
1303 births
1373 deaths
Maya Jribi

Maya Jribi (January 29, 1960 - May 19, 2018) was a Tunisian politician. From 2006 to 2012, she was the leader of the Progressive Democratic Party (PDP). From the PDP merged into the Republican Party in April 2012, until her resignation in 2017, she was the Secretary-General of the centrist party.
Jribi died on 19 May 2018 in Tunis of pancreatic cancer at the age of 58.
References
1960 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Tunisian politicians
D. L. Menard

Doris Leon "D. L." Menard (April 14, 1932 - July 27, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist in contemporary Cajun music. He was called the "Cajun Hank Williams." He was born in Erath, Louisiana. In 2010, his album Happy Go Lucky was nominated for a Grammy Award in the Best Zydeco or Cajun music album category.
Menard died on July 27, 2017 in Scott, Louisiana of a heart attack at the age of 85.
References
Other websites
1932 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American singer-songwriters
American guitarists
Musicians from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
Writers from Louisiana
Rage

Rage is an emotion. It is an outward expression of great anger. In Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions he showed that many emotions are shown the same way in many different societies. The expressions of these emotions is largely genetic, and inherited. Rage can be confused with Anger and have similar causes but Rage is more severe.
Emotions
Lloyds Banking Group

Lloyds Bank plc is a British retail and commercial bank with branches across England and Wales. It has traditionally been considered one of the "Big Four" clearing banks. The bank was founded in Birmingham in 1765. It expanded during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and took over a number of smaller banking companies. In 1995 it merged with the Trustee Savings Bank and traded as Lloyds TSB Bank plc between 1999 and 2013.
Recent history
The bank is the principal subsidiary of Lloyds Banking Group, which was formed in January 2009 by the acquisition of HBOS by the then-Lloyds TSB Group. That year, following the UK bank rescue package, the British Government took a 43.4% stake in Lloyds Banking Group. As a condition imposed by the European Commission regarding state aid, the group later announced that it would create a new standalone retail banking business, made up of a number of Lloyds TSB branches and those of Cheltenham & Gloucester. The new business began operations on 9 September 2013 under the TSB brand. Lloyds TSB was subsequently renamed Lloyds Bank on 23 September 2013. On 17 March 2017, the British Government confirmed its remaining shares in Lloyds Banking Group had been sold.
Business
Lloyds Bank is the largest retail bank in Britain, and has an extensive network of branches and ATM in England and Wales (as well as an arrangement for its customers to be serviced by Bank of Scotland branches in Scotland, Halifax branches in Northern Ireland and vice versa) and offers 24-hour telephone and online banking services. As of 2012 it has 16 million personal customers and small business accounts.
It has its operational Headquarters in London and other offices in Wales and Scotland. It also operates a number of office complex, brand headquarters and data centres in Yorkshire including Leeds, Sheffield and Halifax.
1765 establishments
Banks of the United Kingdom
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Wallis and Futuna

Wallis and Futuna, officially called the Territory of Wallis and Futuna Islands ( or Territoire des iles Wallis et Futuna), is a group of three volcanic tropical islands Wallis (Uvea), Futuna, and Alofi with fringing reefs. They are in the South Pacific Ocean between Fiji and Samoa. One of the islands in the group is named after Cornish explorer Samuel Wallis.
References
Native speaker

A native speaker is someone who learned to speak a language as part of their childhood development. A native speaker's language is usually the language their parents speak and/or the language of their country of origin. It is the only language of a monolingual person, and likely the first language of a multilingual person which is acquired naturally in their native environment. It may serve as the basis for their sociolinguistic identity.
A native speaker of a language has the following traits:
The speaker learnt the language in childhood,
mastery of idiomatic forms of the language,
comprehension of regional and social variance,
fluent, spontaneous production and comprehension of discourse.
Mastery of the grammar and vocabulary of the language tacitly.
Many employers of language teachers prefer native speakers.
Further reading
Davies, A. (2004). The native speaker in applied linguistics. In A.Davies & C. Elder (Eds.), The handbook of applied linguistics (pp. 431-450). Oxford, UK: Blackwell
References
Language
Kimberly Hart-Simpson

Kimberly Hart-Simpson (born 28 May 1987) is a British actress. She is best known for portraying the role of Nicky Wheatley in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2020, 2022). She also appeared as Chantelle in the Sky One comedy-drama Mount Pleasant (2016).
Early life
Hart-Simpson was born in Rhyl, North Wales. She has appeared in Hollyoaks twice; two episodes as Davinia, in 2017 and one episode as Beverley, in 2020.
She trained on the BA (Hons) Acting course at Italia Conti and was in the same year as actors Jessica Ellis (best known for playing Tegan Lomax in Hollyoaks), Fiona Skinner (DS Abney in Coronation Street), and Karla Crome.
Hart-Simpson is bisexual.
References
Other websites
1987 births
Living people
British television actors
Welsh television actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
Morien

Morien is a character from Arthurian legend. He is the main character of Morien (or Moriaen), a 13th-century Arthurian romance in Middle Dutch. He is the son of one of the Knights of the Round Table, whose name was Aglovale.
Arthurian legend
Characters in written fiction
Finchingfield

Finchingfield is a village and civil parish in Braintree, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1348 people living in Finchingfield.
References
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Montfort, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Montfort, Pyrenees-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Montfort, Pyrenees-Atlantiques
Passonfontaine

Passonfontaine is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Maidstone

Maidstone is a town in Kent, in England. It stands on the River Medway. Maidstone is the county town of Kent, meaning the local government is based there. Its name means "stone of the maidens". The town of Maidstone is within the borough of Maidstone, which also includes several surrounding villages. In 2001, 75,070 people lived in the town of Maidstone, and there were 138,959 in the whole of the Borough.
History
During the Civil War a battle took place in 1648, which was won by Oliver Cromwell's soldiers. A year later, Andrew Broughton, who was then Mayor of Maidstone (and also Clerk to the High Court of Justice) gave the death sentence to Charles I. Today there is a plaque in Maidstone Town Centre describing Andrew as 'Mayor and Regicide' (a killer of kings).
Maidstone used to be an industrial area, with paper making and brewing being two of the most important industries, although both have mainly died out in recent years. Until 1998, Sharps Toffee factory was where Bassets liquorice allsorts and other sweets were made. Most of the heavy industry has now been replaced by light and service industries.
Today
Today, Maidstone is one of the top five shopping centres in the south east of England, with more than one million square feet of retail space. Most of this is in two shopping areas, Fremlin Walk, which was built on the site of one of the old breweries, is , and The Mall Maidstone provides another . Both include multi-story car parks.
Towns in Kent
Aleppo

Aleppo ( ['halab], , ) is a city in northern Syria. From 2012 to 2016 it was a battlefield in the Syrian civil war.
In 2010 it had an official population of 4.6 million. Then, Aleppo was the largest Syrian city. After 2010, however, Aleppo is probably the second-largest city in Syria after the capital Damascus.
Aleppo is one of the oldest continuously lived in (lived in all the time) cities in the world. People may have arrived in the 6th millennium BC.
There was a large earthquake near Aleppo in 1138.
References
Grantsville, West Virginia

Grantsville is a town in and the county seat of Calhoun County, West Virginia, United States. As of 2010, 561 people live in Grantsville.
Towns in West Virginia
County seats in West Virginia
Windows Update

Windows Update is a feature found in Microsoft Windows (after Windows 98) that lets the user update their copy of Windows. The Windows Update website can only be used with Internet Explorer.
It also allows updates to the definitions file of Windows Defender and to the Junk Mail filter in Windows Mail.
Microsoft Update
Microsoft Update is a feature in Windows Update that provides updates not only for Windows but also other Microsoft software (such as Microsoft Office).
History
Windows Update first became part of windows with the launch of Windows 98. Since then the Windows Update site has gone through many updates.
With the release of Windows Me a feature called Automatic Updates was added; this meant updates could be installed in the background.
In Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7, instead of using a Windows Update website you now use a application to receive your updates in Windows.
Microsoft software
Kelvin Droegemeier

Kelvin Kay Droegemeier (born September 23, 1958) is an American research meteorologist. He was the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy from February 2019 to January 2021.
Droegemeier is known for his research in predicting the development of extreme weather events, and was Oklahoma Secretary of Science and Technology and the Vice President for Research at the University of Oklahoma.
References
1958 births
American meteorologists
Directors of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
Living people
Scientists from Kansas
Scientists from Oklahoma
The Rivieras

The Rivieras was a US rock and roll group. They mostly became famous for their hit song "California Sun".
References
1960s American music groups
Musical groups established in 1962
1962 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Indiana
1966 disestablishments in the United States
Homo habilis

Homo habilis (Latin: "handy man") is one of the early ancestors of modern man who used primitive stone tools. Their remains have been found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. They are believed to be about 2 million years old. The flat face and large molars of the Homo habilis resemble the Australopithecus lineage. The brain size of the Homo habilis is about 700 cc (larger than the Australopithecus). An "apelike" (long arms and a small body) body structure was characteristic of the Homo habilis. They are believed to have been about 1.3 metres tall, and weigh about 37 kilograms. There is still a lot of argument between scientists about the species. They can not all agree on the characteristics, or whether it is even a separate species at all.
References
Related pages
Human evolution
Hominins
Prehistoric Africa
Doric Greek

Doric or Dorian () was a Hellenic language. It was a dialect of Ancient Greek. It was spoken in Western Greece and some parts of Southern Italy and Sicily.
References
Hellenic languages
1992 Republican National Convention

The 1992 National Convention of the Republican Party (GOP) of the United States was held in the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, from August 17 to August 20, 1992. The convention nominated President George H. W. Bush, and Vice President Dan Quayle for reelection. Former president Ronald Reagan made one of his last speeches at the convention.
1992 in the United States
Republican Party (United States)
United States presidential nominating conventions
20th century in Houston
1990s in Texas
August 1992 events
Neuvireuil

Neuvireuil is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Marion Tournon-Branly

Marion Tournon-Branly (23 September 1924 - 15 May 2016) was a French architect. She was born in Paris. His father was architect Paul Tournon and mother was painter Elisabeth Branly. She studied at the Ecole nationale superieure des Beaux-Arts. She worked with her father and Auguste Perret.
She designed villas, elementary schools, buildings for the Fleury Abbey and the modern church of the Fontenelle Abbey.
Tournon-Branly died in Paris on 15 May 2016, aged 91.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2016 deaths
French architects
People from Paris
Antoine Rufenacht

Antoine Rufenacht (11 May 1939 - 5 September 2020) was a French right-wing The Republicans politician. He was the Mayor of Le Havre between 23 June 1995 to 24 October 2010. He was replaced by future Prime Minister Edouard Philippe. He was born in Le Havre.
In 2007, he was seen as a possible Prime Minister pick for President Nicolas Sarkozy.
Rufenacht died on 5 September 2020, aged 81.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
French mayors
Saint-Ouen-en-Champagne

Saint-Ouen-en-Champagne is a commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in west France.
Communes in Sarthe
Don Hewitt

Donald Shepard "Don" Hewitt (December 14, 1922 - August 19, 2009) was an American television producer. He was known for creating 60 Minutes. He also produced the first televised presidential debate in 1960.
Hewitt was born on December 14, 1922 in New York City, New York. He was raised in New York, New York. He studied at Rochelle High School and New York University.
He was married to Mary Weaver from 1945 until they divorced in 1963. Then he was married to Frankie Hewitt from 1963 until they divorced in 1974. Then he was married to Mariyln Berger from 1979 until his death in 2009. They have three children and one is adopted.
Hewitt died on August 19, 2009 from pancreatic cancer in his home in Bridgehampton, New York, aged 86.
References
Other websites
Don Hewitt - Daily Telegraph obituary
1922 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
American television producers
People from New York City
Emmy Award winners
Hercules vs. the Moon Men

Hercules Against the Moon Men is a 1964 Italian/French movie. It was directed by Giacomo Gentilomo. It stars Alan Steel (real name Sergio Ciani). The movie blends (mixes) elements from Roman, Greek, Cretan and Egyptian mythologies. In the original Italian language version, the hero was not Hercules. The hero was Maciste. Maciste was a hero in Italian silent movies. Its original Italian title was Maciste e la regina di Samar (Maciste and the Queen of Samar). Its French title was Maciste contre les hommes de pierre (Maciste Against the Men of Stone). The English distributors dubbed the hero Hercules, because Maciste was not well known to American audiences.
Story
A race of evil moon men land on Earth. For years, they have terrorized the city of Samar. They have made the people of Samar give them children to be sacrifices. Now, the queen of Samar has made an pact with the moon men to take control of the world. She wants to become the most powerful woman alive. The people of Samar do not like all the chaos. They cheer when the mighty Hercules shows up to end it all.
1960s science fiction movies
Peplum movies
Movies based on Greek and Roman mythology
1960s fantasy movies
1960s epic movies
Italian movies
French movies
1964 movies
Italian-language movies
Bent Larsen

Jorgen Bent Larsen (4 March 1935-9 September 2010) was a Danish chess Grandmaster. He was a six-time Danish champion, and a candidate for the World Chess Championship on four occasions: 1965, 1968, 1971, and 1977. He won three Interzonal tournaments: Amsterdam 1964, Sousse 1967, and Biel 1976. Larsen won several dozen major international tournaments during his career, and was awarded the first Chess Oscar in 1967. At his best he was rated (FIDE rating list) fourth in the world.
Larsen was the strongest chess player born in Denmark, and the strongest Scandinavian until the emergence of Magnus Carlsen. From the early 1970s, he lived for part of the year in Las Palmas, and in Buenos Aires, with his Argentinian-born wife.
Olympiad performances
Bent represented Denmark six times in Chess Olympiads, always on first board, and compiled an aggregate score of 75/109 (+61 =28 -20), for 68.8%, according to olimpbase.org. He always played a very high number of games, almost all of the rounds, and won three board medals, one gold and two bronze.
Amsterdam 1954, board one, 13 1/2/19 (+11 =5 -3), board bronze medal;
Moscow 1956, board one, 14/18 (+11 =6 -1), board gold medal;
Munich 1958, board one, 13/19 (+11 =4 -4);
Havana 1966, board one, 11/18 (+9 =4 -5);
Lugano 1968, board one, 10 1/2/18 (+8 =5 -5);
Siegen 1970, board one, 13/17 (+11 =4 -2), board bronze medal.
Disaster in Denver
The worst result of his career was his 6-0 defeat by Bobby Fischer in the semi-finals of the Candidates matches in 1971. The match was played in Denver, Colorado. Larsen later claimed in a Kasparov.com interview (1998) that his one-sided loss to Fischer was due in part to his condition during the match: "The organizers chose the wrong time for this match. I was languid with the heat and Fischer was better prepared for such exceptional circumstances... I saw chess pieces through a mist and, thus, my level of playing was not good". Fischer was the great player of the day, and went on to beat Spassky in 1972 for the World Championship.
Bent Larsen 1970. Larsen's selected games of chess. Bell, London.
Other websites
Lubomir Kavalek: Chess great Bent Larsen dies
References
1935 births
2010 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Danish sportspeople
Andrej Hryc

Andrej Hryc (30 November 1949 - 31 January 2021) was a Slovak actor. He appeared in more than fifty movies from 1976 until his death. He was born in Bratislava, Slovakia. He was known for his roles in Rivers of Babylon, Habermann, Pribeh kmotra and Colette.
Hryc died on 31 January 2021 in Bratislava from leukaemia, aged 71.
References
1949 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
People from Bratislava
Movie actors
Bird Box (movie)

Bird Box is a 2018 American horror thriller movie. It was directed by Susanne Bier. The movie is based on a novel of the same name by Josh Malerman.
The movie is about a woman, played by Sandra Bullock. Together with other people she hides from supernatural creatures. If a human sees such a creature, he kills himself. Later the woman must make it through a forest and river. She has a pair of children with her. Most of the time they are blindfolded to avoid the sight of the creatures.
Other actors in the movie are Trevante Rhodes, Jacki Weaver, Rosa Salazar, Danielle Macdonald, Lil Rel Howery, Tom Hollander, BD Wong, Sarah Paulson, Colson Baker and John Malkovich.
Bird Box had its world premiere at AFI Fest on November 12, 2018. The movie began a limited release on December 14. Starting December 21, 2018 the movie was streamed worldwide on Netflix.
References
2018 thriller movies
Movies based on books
American thriller movies
Netflix movies
Post-apocalyptic movies
Movies directed by Susanne Bier
Nightswimming (Awake)

"Nightswimming" is the eighth episode of the American crime fantasy television series Awake, that first aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) on April 19, 2012. Leonard Chang and co-executive producer Davey Holmes wrote "Nightswimming". 2.80 million watched it when it was first broadcast on television in the United States. Executive producer Jeffrey Reiner directed the episode, and critics liked the episode.
Awake's main character is Michael Britten (Jason Isaacs), a detective living in two different realities after a car crash. In one reality, where he wears a red wristband, his wife Hannah Britten (Laura Allen) survived the accident, and in another reality, where he wears a green wristband, his son Rex Britten (Dylan Minnette) survived. In the "green reality", Michael helps Accountant Marcus Ananyev (Elijah Alexander) and his wife Alina (Ayelet Zurer) start a new life in the Witness Protection Program after a gang member tried to kill Marcus. In the "red reality", Michael and Hannah prepare for a new life in Oregon after deciding to move there. They go swimming at a college pool because they love each other.
Many reviewers praised the story of the "red reality", but did not enjoy the arcs of the "green reality". This episode marked the first time Rex had not appeared in an episode of the series, the show's two therapists: Dr. Jonathan Lee (BD Wong) and Dr. Judith Evans (Cherry Jones) also did not appear in it. Even though it was the eighth episode, it was supposed to be the fifth episode. The music featured in it was "Pain in My Heart" by Otis Redding. Michael is seen shirtless in two scenes of the episode, one of those scenes were filmed at an actual campus swimming pool. During filming, a woman saw Isaacs naked and questioned it. Many critics commented on the themes of "Nightswimming". It was filmed in Los Angeles, California, and eight guest actors were in it.
References
Other websites
"Nightswimming" at NBC.com
2012 television episodes
Grimentz

Grimentz is a village and former municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Grimentz, Ayer, Chandolin, Saint-Jean, Saint-Luc and Vissoie merged into the new municipality of Anniviers.
Villages in Valais
Former municipalities of Valais
Yoxford

Yoxford is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 695 people living in Yoxford.
References
Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Aldeburgh Festival

The Aldeburgh Festival is an English arts festival where classical music concerts take place during the summer. Aldeburgh is in Suffolk in the south-east of England. It is where the composer Benjamin Britten lived with his friend the tenor Peter Pears. A lot of Britten's music is played at the festival, but music by many other composers can be heard as well. Most of the concerts take place in the Maltings, a concert hall in the village of Snape, not far away from Aldeburgh.
History of the Aldeburgh Festival
The Festival was started in 1948 by Benjamin Britten, Peter Pears and the librettist Eric Crozier. They started the festival so that the English Opera Group would have a place to perform their operas, but soon the festival became bigger. There were poetry readings, drama performances, lectures and art exhibitions. The first festival was mostly held in Aldeburgh Jubilee Hall, a few doors away from Britten's house in Crabbe Street. His opera Albert Herring was performed, as well as his St Nicolas Cantata.
Over the years the festival grew. Some of the performances took place in the church, or in churches or other halls in nearby villages and small towns such as Orford and Framlingham. However, the festival needed a large concert hall. In the 1960s the old malthouse (where barley used to be made) in Snape was changed into a concert hall. It was opened by the Queen on 2 June 1967, at the start of the twentieth Aldeburgh Festival.
Two years later, on the first night of the 1969 Festival, the concert hall was destroyed by fire. Only the main walls remained. For that year the Festival was moved to other local places, but by the next year the hall had been rebuilt and once again it was opened by the Queen, this time at the start of the 1970 Festival.
The Festival today
The festival is now organized by Aldeburgh Music, which also runs the Britten-Pears Young Artist Programme which gives young musicians a chance to learn from famous music teachers and perform in concerts.
The festival has a nice atmosphere because it is in the country near the sea and marshes. New music is often performed. In the past there have been first performances of several works by Britten: (A Midsummer Night's Dream in 1960; Death in Venice in 1973) and also Harrison Birtwistle's Punch and Judy in 1968.
The Festival's Artistic Director is now the composer Thomas Ades, who was appointed in 1999.
Classical music festivals
Music festivals in England
1948 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in England
Organisations based in Suffolk
Banana plug

A banana plug is a type of electrical connector used for joining wires to equipment.
Other websites
Electrical connectors
Church Stretton

Church Stretton, or simply Stretton, is a small market town in the county of Shropshire, England. It is situated 13 miles (21 km) south of Shrewsbury and 15 miles (24 km) north of Ludlow. The population of the town in 2011 was 4,671.
It is located in the Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The town was nicknamed "Little Switzerland" in the late Victorian and Edwardian period for its landscape, and became a health resort.
The town has a railway station that provides direct trains to Shrewsbury, Manchester, North Wales and South Wales.
Gallery
Market towns in Shropshire
Civil parishes in Shropshire
Black swan

For the movie, see Black Swan (movie).
The black swan (Cygnus atratus) is a large waterbird that mostly breeds in the southeast and southwest areas of Australia. It is different from other swans because it is mostly black, though its flight feathers are white.
Birds of Australia
Swans
ReShonda Young

ReShonda Young is an American entrepreneur who founded the first Black-owned bank in the United States in over twenty years. She started and franchised a popcorn business, Popcorn Heaven. In 2020, Young won a lawsuit against the United States Government. She claimed that the government's Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was not following the law to help end discrimination against women-owned and Black-owned businesses. Young is also the director of an organization that supports Black business owners in Waterloo, Iowa, United States.
References
Paul Fannin

Paul Jones Fannin (January 29, 1907January 13, 2002) was an American businessman and politician. He was a Republican. He was a U.S. Senator from Arizona from 1965 to 1977. He was the 11th Governor of Arizona from 1959 to 1965.
Fannin died of a stroke in Phoenix, Arizona on January 13, 2002 at the age of 94.
References
1907 births
2002 deaths
Arizona Republicans
Deaths from stroke
Governors of Arizona
United States senators from Arizona
Businesspeople from Kentucky
Businesspeople from Arizona
Politicians from Kentucky
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Teddy Kollek

Theodor "Teddy" Kollek (; 27 May 1911 - 2 January 2007) was a Hungarian-born Israeli Labor politician. He was the mayor of Jerusalem from 1965 to 1993. He was the founder of the Jerusalem Foundation. Kollek was re-elected five times, in 1969, 1973, 1978, 1983 and 1989. He lost his re-election in 1993 to Likud candidate and future Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Olmert.
During his time as mayor, Jerusalem became a modern city, especially after its reunification in 1967. He was once called "the greatest builder of Jerusalem since Herod." Teddy Stadium is named after him.
Kollek was born in Nagyvazsony, Hungary. In 1935, shortly before Nazis took power of Austria, his family moved to Jerusalem. Kollek died on 2 January 2007 in Jerusalem at the age of 95.
References
1911 births
2007 deaths
Austrian Jews
HaAvoda politicians
Hungarian Jews
Israeli civil servants
Israeli mayors
Jewish Israeli politicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Jerusalem
Refugees from Nazism
Goodell, Iowa

Goodell is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Ningali Lawford

Ningali Josie Lawford (1967 - 11 August 2019) was an Australian actress. She was known for her roles in the movies Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002), Bran Nue Dae (2009), and Last Cab to Darwin (2015). In 2016, she was nominated for the AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. Lawford was born in Wangkatjungka, Western Australia.
Lawford died while on tour in Edinburgh, Scotland on 11 August 2019 when she suffered an asthma attack. She was 52.
References
Other websites
1967 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from asthma
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Australian stage actors
Actors from Western Australia
Lytton, Iowa

Lytton is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Theodore J. Lowi

Theodore J. "Ted" Lowi (July 9, 1931 - February 17, 2017) was an American political scientist. He was the John L. Senior Professor of American Institutions teaching in the Government Department at Cornell University. His area of research was the American government and public policy. He was the president of the International Political Science Association from 1997 to 2000.
Lowi was born in Gadsden, Alabama. He was married to Angele until her death in 2015. They had two children, Anna and Jason.
Lowi died on February 17, 2017 in Ithaca, New York, at the age of 85.
References
1931 births
2017 deaths
Cornell University faculty
American political scientists
Scientists from Alabama
People from Gadsden, Alabama
WrestleMania 32

WrestleMania 32 was the thirty-second yearly WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by WWE. It happened on April 3, 2016 at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. It was the third WrestleMania to take place in Texas. WWE also hoped that WrestleMania 32 would break the record for people to show up at a wrestling event, aiming for 100,000 people at AT&T Stadium. At the event they said 101,763 people showed up at WrestleMania 32, breaking 1987's WrestleMania III's record of 93,173. However, wrestling expert Dave Meltzer said only 93,730 people showed up. This still would break WrestleMania III's record. But Meltzer adds that he believes the record was actually held by SummerSlam's (1992) 79,127 while only 78,000 actually showed up for WrestleMania III. Meltzer has also written that WWE would have said the attendance was higher than it actually was because they didn't want to let their fans down.
Twelve matches took place at this event and at least two made history. Charlotte went into her match as the WWE Divas Champion, but became WWE Women's Champion at the end of the match and the Divas title has not existed since. After The Rock defeated Erick Rowan, ring announcer Lilian Garcia said that the match ended in six seconds, a WrestleMania record. The previous record was Kane versus Chavo Guerrero, Jr. from WrestleMania XXIV which lasted eleven seconds.
Matches
Fandango, Damien Sandow, Shaquille O'Neil, Big Show, Viktor, Diamond Dallas Page, Konnor, Tatanka, Jack Swagger, R-Truth, Goldust, Curtis Axel, Adam Rose, Heath Slater, Tyler Breeze, Mark Henry, Bo Dallas and Darren Young were also in the Andre the Giant memorial battle royal and they were eliminated in that order.
Related pages
List of WWE pay-per-view events
References
Other websites
Wrestlemania on WWE.com
2016 in sports
2016 in Texas
April 2016 events
Arlington, Texas
Sports in Texas
WrestleMania
Entertainer

An entertainer is a person who is employed to bring joy, relaxation or happiness.
Features
An entertainer can perform on stage or television or simply entertain children at parties.
Examples
Examples of entertainers include:
Clowns
Magicians
Actors
Comedians
Musicians
Entertainment occupations
Braddock, Pennsylvania

Braddock is a borough in the eastern suburbs of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 10 miles (16 km) from the Monongahela River. The population was 2,159 at the 2010 census. The town is named for General Edward Braddock (1695-1755). Current Lieutenant Governor Democrat John Fetterman was mayor from 2005 to 2019.
References
Boroughs in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Antonov An-148

Antonov An-148 (Ukrainian: Antonov An-148) is a regional jet designed by Antonov.
Aircraft
Afzal Ahsan Randhawa

Muhammad Afzal Ahsan Randhawa (, 1 September 1937 - 18 September 2017) was a Pakistani Punjabi language writer, poet, translator, playwright and a politician. He authored several short stories and novels in the Punjabi language including Sooraj Grehan and Doaba. He received the Pride of Performance and Kamal-e-Fun awards for his literary work.
On the evening of 18 September 2017, Randhawa died at the age of 80 in Faisalabad, Pakistan.
References
1937 births
2017 deaths
Pakistani writers
Politicians from Punjab, Pakistan
Playwrights
Pakistani poets
Translators
Quartucciu

Quartucciu (Cuattucciu) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 13,261 people lived there. Its area is 27.93 km2. It is 16 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia