pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lower Jurassic

The Lower Jurassic is the first geological epoch in the Jurassic that began 201.3 million years ago, and ended at 174.1 million years ago.
The Jurassic period is divided into Lower, Middle and Upper. The Lower Jurassic started after the end-Triassic extinction event at 201.3 million years ago (mya). Its rocks form in Europe the Lias group of marine strata consisting mostly of limestone, with some clays and siltstone. It was in this formation on the Dorset Jurassic Coast that Mary Anning did much of her work. The mudstones of the earliest Jurassic (Blue Lias) give way to carbonate rocks as the water deepens in the Middle Jurassic.
The Jurassic period was one of the time periods when dinosaurs were on the Earth. By this time, many groups of the Triassic period had become extinct.
Britain
At the start of the Jurassic, Britain was warm temperate to subtropical, between 30deg and 40deg north of the equator. Temperature would have been in the range of 12-29degC.
Shallow seas were over southern England; higher ground like the Mendip Hills were a string of islands stretching westwards South Wales.
North America
The Lower Jurassic in western North America is quite different. It is continental in origin, sandstones laid down in shifting streams and rivers. These sandstones were laid down over a long period from the later Permian to the Lower Jurassic.
Related pages
Blue Lias
Jurassic
Middle Jurassic
Upper Jurassic
References
Jurassic
Barbara Smoker

Barbara Smoker (2 June 1923 - 7 April 2020) was a British Humanist activist. She was also President of the National Secular Society from 1972 to 1996, Chair of the British Voluntary Euthanasia Society (now known as Dignity in Dying) from 1981 to 1985 and an Honorary Vice President of the Gay and Lesbian Humanist Association in the United Kingdom. Smoker was born in London.
Smoker died at a hospital in London on 7 April 2020, aged 96, after a long-illness.
References
1923 births
2020 deaths
Disease-related deaths in London
British activists
Writers from London
1922–23 Austrian Cup

The 1922-23 Austrian Cup was the nationwide cup competition in Austrian football. The competition started as Cup of the Lower Austrian Association and ended as the Vienna Cup after the associations of Vienna and Lower Austria separated in February 1923.
Third round
First round with teams from the Second League.
Fourth round
Replaymatch
Round of 32
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Replay match:
Final
References
Austrian Cup
1923 in Europe
Jean Gabin

Jean Gabin (; 17 May 190415 November 1976) was a French actor. He also sometimes was a singer. Gabin is considered one of the great stars of French cinema. He was made a member of the Legion d'honneur. A museum in Meriel contains his story and features, his war and film memorabilia.
At the age of 19, Gabin received a small role in a Folies Bergere production. He continued acting until he joined the military. After his military service he began acting again. He became part of a troupe that toured South America. After returning to France they worked at the Moulin Rouge.
Gabin gained notice and received roles in films. He became popular after being in films directed by Julien Duvivier. He had many offers to work in Hollywood. When Germany occupied France in World War II, he went to the United States. While there he had a romance with actress Marlene Dietrich. He was difficult to work with and did not have success with his career in Hollywood.
Jean Gabin joined General Charles de Gaulle's Free French Forces. He earned the Medaille militaire and a Croix de guerre for his wartime service in North Africa.
After the war Gabin returned to acting. For several years his films did not make much money. Then the 1954 film Touchez pas au grisbi (Don't Touch the Loot) was a very profitable international success. Over the next twenty years, Gabin made close to 50 more films.
Other websites
1904 births
1976 deaths
French actors
Cardoso's tree frog

The Cuzco Reserve tree frog or Cardoso's tree frog (Dendropsophus timbeba) is a frog that lives in Peru and Brazil. Scientists think it might also live in Bolivia.
References
Frogs of South America
Joe Pittman

Joseph Wayne Pittman (January 1, 1953 - June 13, 2014), nicknamed "Shoe" or "Shoes", was an American baseball player. He was backup infielder and outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball for the Houston Astros, San Diego Padres and San Francisco Giants in between the seasons of 1981 and 1984.
Pittman was born in Houston, Texas. He was African American.
Pittman died after collapsing at a construction job on June 12, 2014 in Freeport, Texas. He was 61.
References
Other websites
1953 births
2014 deaths
African-American baseball players
Houston Astros players
San Diego Padres players
San Francisco Giants players
Sportspeople from Houston
Kindness

Kindness is a type of behavior that shows generosity, thinking of another person, or concern for others, without wanting a reward. Kindness was one of the main topics in the Bible. Nietzsche considered kindness and love to be the "most curative herbs" for humans. Many believe that God is the same as kindness. Kindness can help to grow a bond with someone.
References
Emotions
Virtues
Human behavior
William Windham (rower)

William Ashe Dymoke Windham (2 April 1926 - 5 January 2021) was a British rower. He competed for Great Britain in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Biggleswade, Bedfordshire.
He died on 5 January 2021 at the age of 94.
References
1926 births
2021 deaths
British Olympians
British rowers
Sportspeople from Bedfordshire
The Picture of Dorian Gray

The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only published book written by Oscar Wilde. It was first published in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine on June 20, 1890. Later, Wilde was asked to edit this version, and it was published again in April 1891. The story is often incorrectly called The Portrait of Dorian Gray.
Plot
The Picture of Dorian Gray tells about a young man named Dorian Gray who has a portrait painted of himself. The artist, Basil Hallward, thinks Dorian Gray is very beautiful, and becomes obsessed with Dorian. One day in Basil's garden, Dorian Gray meets a man named Lord Henry Wotton. Lord Henry Wotton makes Dorian Gray believe that the only thing important in life is beauty. However, Dorian realizes that he will become less beautiful as he grows older. He wishes the portrait Basil painted would become old in his place. Dorian then sells his soul so he can be beautiful forever, but not on purpose.
Dorian's wish comes true. However, every time Dorian does something evil, mean, or selfish, his picture ages. For 18 years, Dorian does not age. He does many bad things, while his portrait becomes more aged with each bad deed. Later on, Dorian decides to stop doing bad things in the hopes that this will make his portrait become beautiful again, but it only makes it worse. Dorian thinks that only a full confession will make the portrait beautiful again. However, he does not feel guilty for anything he has done. So Dorian picks up a knife and destroys the portrait.
When his servants hear a scream from the room Dorian is in, they call the police. The police find Dorian's body on the floor with a stab wound in his heart. His body has become very aged. However, the portrait has returned to the way it was when it was first painted.
References
1890 books
British novels
Horror novels
English-language novels
Pat Dye

Patrick Fain Dye (November 6, 1939 - June 1, 2020) was an American football player, coach, writer and college athletics administrator. He was the head football coach at East Carolina University (1974-1979), the University of Wyoming (1980), and Auburn University (1981-1992). He was the Athletic Director at Auburn from 1981 to 1991.
From 1961 to 1962, he played for the Edmonton Eskimos.
He was added into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2005. On November 19, 2005 the playing field in the stadium at Auburn University was named 'Pat Dye Field' in his honor.
Dye was born in Blythe, Georgia. He studied at the University of Georgia. Dye wrote two autobiographies and a children's book. He lived in Auburn, Alabama.
On May 21, 2020 Dye was hospitalized in Atlanta for kidney-related problems. He was later diagnosed with COVID-19. He died under hospice care of liver failure and kidney failure in Auburn on June 1, 2020 at the age of 80.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
American football coaches
American football linebackers
American autobiographers
American children's writers
Edmonton Elks players
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Ripley, Oklahoma

Ripley is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.
Cities in Oklahoma
Franklin's lost expedition

Franklin's Lost Expedition was a trip to find the Northwest Passage. During the trip, everyone in the crew got lost or died.
Search and Discovery
Many people have tried to look for Franklin and what has happened to his crew, but they were not found until later on. Later on bodies of the three explores John Torrington, John Hartnell, and William Braine were discovered.
Then HMS Erebus was found in 2014 of September South of King William Island in Canada
References
Geography of Canada
History of Canada
Kaxholmen

Kaxholmen is a locality in Jonkoping Municipality in Jonkoping County, Sweden. In 2010, 1,458 people lived there. Kaxholmen is near lake Landsjon. The lake is well known for its bird habitats.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Jonkoping County
Huancayo

Huancayo is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Junin Region.
Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Molecule

A molecule is the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist. If a molecule were split into smaller pieces, it would be a different substance.
Molecules are made up of atoms that are stuck together in a particular shape or form. Not all combinations of atoms are equally possible; atoms make certain shapes in preference to others. Also, they have different valency. For example, oxygen atoms always have two bonds with other atoms, carbon atoms always have four bonds with other atoms, and nitrogen atoms always have three bonds with other atoms.
In the kinetic theory of gases, the term molecule is often used for any gaseous particle regardless of its composition. According to this definition, noble gas atoms are considered molecules as they are in fact monoatomic molecules.
In gases like air, the molecules are just flying around. In liquids like water, the molecules are stuck together but they can still move. In solids like sugar, the molecules can only vibrate. In the fourth state of matter known as plasma, the atoms are ionized and cannot form molecules.
With a molecular formula, you can write down the numbers of all atoms in a molecule. For example, the molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6. That means that one molecule of glucose is made up of six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms.
Bonding
For a molecule to exist, atoms have to stick together. This happens when two atoms share electrons. Instead of circling just one atom, the electron now circles around two. This is called a covalent bond. Sometimes, more than one electron is shared. The more electrons are shared, the stronger the bond gets and the stronger the atoms stick together.
Bonds can also be broken apart. Since most bonds require energy to form, they also give off energy when they are broken. But before most bonds break, the molecule has to be heated. Then the atoms start to move, and when they move too much, the bond breaks. Molecules that require less energy to break than they give off when broken are called fuels. For example, a candle will just sit there and nothing happens. But when you use a match to light it, it will burn for a long time. The match brings the energy to break the first bonds, which release enough energy to break the bonds below them, until the candle has burned down. There are also ionic bonds.
References
Other websites
Molecule of the Month - School of Chemistry, University of Bristol
Antibody Molecule - The National Health Museum
Data Book of Molecules - Home Page for Learning Environmental Chemistry
Chemistry
Mixture

In chemistry, a mixture is a substance that is made up of two or more simpler substances. These substances can be chemical elements or compounds. A mixture can be made of liquids, solids, or gases.
Characteristics
A mixture is not the same as a compound which is made of two or more atoms connected together. For instance, a mixture of the gases hydrogen and nitrogen contains hydrogen and nitrogen, not the compound ammonia which is made of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms.
A mixture where the different parts can be distinguished easily is called heterogenous, one where this is not the case is called homogeneous. A third form is called colloid.
If one substance in a mixture dissolves in the other, it is called a solution. For example, if sugar is put in water it forms a mixture, then dissolves to make a solution. If it does not dissolve, it would be called a suspension.
Solids can be mixtures also. Alloys are mixtures. Many kinds of soil and rock are mixtures of different minerals. Thus, a mixture is made of two or more elements and/or compounds which are not chemically combined.
Gallery
References
Chemistry
Popayán

Popayan () is the capital of the Colombian department of Cauca.
References
Cities in Colombia
Capitals of Colombian departments
Cauca
Roquetaillade-et-Conilhac

Roquetaillade-et-Conilhac is a commune of 277 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Roquetaillade (the seat) and Conilhac-de-la-Montagne.
References
2019 establishments in France
Communes in Aude
Martin Halsall

Martin Halsall (born 25 December 1984 in Blackpool, England) is a rugby union player for Sale Sharks in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a prop.
Other websites
Sale Sharks profile
1984 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Sale Sharks rugby union players
People from Blackpool
Gaastra, Michigan

Gaastra is a city in Iron County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
Young Tom Edison

Young Tom Edison is a 1940 American biographical drama movie directed by Norman Taurog and starring Mickey Rooney, Fay Bainter, George Bancroft, Virginia Weidler, Eugene Pallette, Victor Kilian, Bobby Jordan, Spencer Tracy. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was followed up by 1940 Edison, the Man.
Other websites
1940 drama movies
1940s biographical movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Norman Taurog
Kenny Anthony

Kenny Davis Anthony (born 8 January 1951) is a Saint Lucian politician who was Prime Minister of Saint Lucia from 1997 to 2006 and again from 2011 to 2016.
References
1951 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Saint Lucia
Opposition leaders
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Lee Cheong-Gyeong

Lee Cheong-Gyeong (born 11 November 1958) is a former North Korean football player. He has played for Korea DPR national team.
References
1958 births
Living people
North Korean footballers
Southwest Florida International Airport

Southwest Florida International Airport (ICAO: KRSW, IATA: RSW) is a county-owned airport that serves the city of Fort Myers, Florida.
The following airlines serve Southwest Florida International:
Air Canada
American Airlines
Cape Air
Delta Air Lines
Frontier Airlines
JetBlue Airways
Silver Airways
Southwest Airlines
Spirit Airlines
Sun Country Airlines
Sunwing Airlines
Swift Air
United Airlines
WestJet
References
Airports in Florida
Le Mémont

Le Memont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Neerijnen

Neerijnen is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Gelderland. Since 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of West Betuwe.
References
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in Gelderland
Former municipalities of Gelderland
West Betuwe
Starburst (candy)

Starburst are a type of taffy made by The Wrigley Company. Pieces of Starburst come in small squares and are fruit flavored. It was first made in 1960 in England and were first called Opal Fruits.
Starburst were discontinued in New Zealand in April 2021 and in Australia in June 2022 because of rising costs and supply chain issues in those countries.
References
Other websites
Official website
Candy
Rügen

Rugen (lat. Rugia) is the biggest island in Germany. There are several cities on the island. These include : Putbus, Garz, Binz, Bergen auf Rugen, Sassnitz, Glowe, Trent, Schaprode and Gohren. The island has a 77,000 population (according to the 2006 census). The island is about 926 square kilometers (or 357 square miles). The island is in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Rugen is also one of the most famous places to go in Germany for vacation.
Geography
Rugen is in the northeast part of Germany in the Baltic Sea. The main landmass, Muttland, is surrounded my many peninsulas. There are also two national parks located on the island : Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park and Jasmund National Park.
Other websites
Biosphere reserves
Geography of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Islands of Germany
Tim Masthay

Tim Masthay (born March 16, 1987 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American football punter for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). Masthay was not drafted but started his football career in 2009 with the Indianapolis Colts when he was part of their practice squad. Masthay's father, Dr. Mark Masthay is a chairman of the chemistry department at the University of Dayton and his mother is the Executive Director of TriState Habitat for Humanity in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Other websites
Tim Masthay's profile at nfl.com
1975 births
Living people
Green Bay Packers players
American football punters
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
Mount Kintore

Mount Kintore is an inselberg in northwest South Australia. It is about above sea level. It is located about halfway between the remote communities of Amata and Watarru. The mountain is made up mostly of metamorphic beds of gneisses and quartzite, which are split with diorite dykes. The beds have been thrown into a series of simple folds. These can be clearly seen on the northern face of the mountain. The rock has been weathered into ridges, and heavy erosion can be seen along the folds. At the western end of the mountain, the gneiss is replaced by granite.
Mount Kintore is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara people. An important rock hole is located about to the west, called Kunamata.
References
Mountains of South Australia
Cyclo (movie)

Cyclo ( ) is a 1995 Vietnamese-Hong Kong-French crime drama movie directed by Tran Anh Hung and starring Le Van Loc, Tony Leung Chiu Wai, Tran Nu Yen Khe, Nguyen Nhu Quynh.
Other websites
1995 crime drama movies
Vietnamese movies
Hong Kong movies
French crime movies
French drama movies
Movies directed by Tran Anh Hung
Movies set in Vietnam
Free rider problem

In economics, the term free rider refers to someone who benefits from resources, goods, or services without paying for the cost of the benefit. The term "free rider" was first used in economic theory of public goods, but similar concepts have been applied in to other contexts, such as collective bargaining, antitrust law, psychology and political science. Free riding may be considered as a free rider problem when it leads to under-provision of goods or services, or when it leads to overuse or degradation of a common property resource.
Although the term originated in economic theory, similar concepts have been cited in political science, social psychology, and other disciplines. Some individuals in a team or community may reduce their contributions or performance if they believe that one or more other members of the group may free ride.
References
Market failure
Louis Giani

Louis Giani (August 18, 1934 - January 19, 2021) was an American wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle featherweight at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the National Wrestling Hall of Fame. He was born in New York City.
Giani died on January 19, 2021 in Huntington, New York at the age of 86.
References
1934 births
2021 deaths
American wrestlers
American Olympians
Sportspeople from New York City
George Henry Hoyt

George Henry Hoyt (November 25, 1837 - February 2, 1877) was an abolitionist and attorney for John Brown. During the American Civil War, he served as a Union cavalry officer and captain of the Kansas Red Leg scouts. He became a brevet brigadier general by war's end. Following the war, Hoyt served as the sixth Attorney General of Kansas.
Early life and John Brown's Trial
George Henry Hoyt was born in Athol, Massachusetts, on November 25, 1837. He was the only surviving son of Athol physician and abolitionist George Hoyt and his wife Avelina Witt Hoyt. In 1851, the Hoyts moved to Boston, where George studied law. Lysander Spooner, abolitionist anarchist and good friend of Dr. Hoyt, strongly influenced young George's views of abolition, as did radical orator Wendell Phillips.
Later life
Hoyt died in Athol on February 2, 1877, aged 39.
References
Other websites
7th Regiment Kansas Cavalry from Cutler's History of the State of Kansas
15th Regiment Kansas Cavalry from Cutler's History of the State of Kansas
1837 births
1877 deaths
Kansas Republicans
19th-century American politicians
Massachusetts Republicans
American abolitionists
Breckenridge, Missouri

Breckenridge is a city in Caldwell County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Maria Altmann

Maria Altmann (February 18, 1916 - February 7, 2011) was a Jewish refugee from Nazi Austria to the United States. She was an art collector. Altmann's family owned five paintings painted by Gustav Klimt. They were stolen by Nazis during World War II. She was successful in getting back those five paintings, which included two portraits of her aunt, Adele Bloch-Bauer.
Altmann was born in Vienna, Austria. She died at age 94.
The movie Woman in Gold is based on Altmann's life.
References
1916 births
2011 deaths
American Jews
Austrian Jews
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Vienna
Ashton, Idaho

Ashton is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan

The Football Federation of Azerbaijan (AFFA) () is the governing body of football in Azerbaijan. It organizes the football league, Azerbaijani Premier League, and the Azerbaijani national football team. It is based in Baku.
Other websites
Football Federation of Azerbaijan
Football in Azerbaijan
1992 establishments in Azerbaijan
Sports organizations of Azerbaijan
Association football governing bodies in Europe
Narazuke

Narazuke (naraduke, Nai Liang Zi ) is a type of traditional pickle produced in Nara Prefecture, Japan. Making pickles using the byproduct of alcohol was first widely used in the Korean Peninsula during the time of Three Kingdoms. It was then spread to Japan, which later evolved into the current form of pickles produced in Nara Prefecture.
It is a pickle made from fresh fruit or vegetables that are soaked in salt and sake-no-kasu. Sake-no-kasu is a kind of waste from making sake, so that sake itself is not used. Making good quality narazuke takes a very long time. Some certain expert say it take at least 3 to 4 years.
References
Japanese food
Saint-Gabriel-Brécy

Saint-Gabriel-Brecy is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Creully sur Seulles.
References
Former communes in Calvados
George Lopez

George Edward Lopez (born April 23, 1961) is an American comedian, actor, and talk show host. He is mostly known for starring in his self-produced ABC sitcom George Lopez.
His stand-up comedy examines race and ethnic relations, including Mexican-American culture. He was the host of the late-night talk show Lopez Tonight on TBS until its cancellation on August 12, 2011.
Personal life
Lopez was born in Mission Hills, Los Angeles, California. Lopez was married to Ann Serrano from 1993 until they divorced in 2011, and had one child.
Influences
Lopez stated comedians like Freddie Prinze, Chris Rock, Eddie Murphy, Richard Pryor, Bill Cosby, Katt Williams, Cheech & Chong and Paul Mooney as influences.
Political views
On December 21, 2010, Lopez announced on Good Day L.A. that he would run for mayor of Los Angeles in the upcoming years.
In an interview with Piers Morgan, Lopez stated that if Sarah Palin ever becomes the President of the United States, he would emigrate to Canada. In December 2015, Lopez announced his support for Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election.
Filmography
References
Other websites
1961 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
Organ transplant recipients
Comedians from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Therapy dog

Therapy dogs are dogs used to comfort people who are ill, disabled, overall wellbeing, or just casual people who go to therapy and feel comfort around dog. They sometimes visit people who are in hospitals or nursing homes.
Working dogs
Service animals
36

36 is a year in the 1st century. It was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Allenius and Plautius.
Events
Pontius Pilate is called back to Rome. He had stopped a Samaritan uprising.
L. Vitellius defeated Artabanus of Parthia in support of another clamaint to the throne, Tiridates III.
Herod Antipas is remarried.
Marcellus becomes governor of Judaea and Samaria.
In MesoAmerica, last calendar monument created for about a century and a half.
Births
Deaths
Thrasyllus of Mendes
Jesus (according to some theories)
30s
Crassula ovata

Crassula ovata is a plant from Mozambique, and South Africa. It is commonly known as Jade plant, money tree or money plant. It is a succulent. Usually, it grows to be a small tree. It has green fleshy leaves. When it grows bigger, it spreads easily through branches breaking off. These branches will then develop roots, and a new plant will grow from them (that is a clone of the old one).
It is also grown as a houseplant, worldwide.
Usually, the plant has small white flowers, which appear in the cooler season (in South Africa: July and August). In other parts of the world, the plant may flower when the days are short, and the temperatures are betweeen 5 and 10 degrees Centigrade.
Saxifragales
Yuri Vechkasov

Yuri Ivanovich Vechkasov (; 6 June 1948 - 17 March 2022) was a Russian politician. He was in the Federation Council from 1996 to 2001.
Vechkasov died in Penza, Russia on 17 March 2022 at the age of 73.
References
1948 births
2022 deaths
Russian politicians
Obfuscation

Obfuscation means making something harder to understand, usually by complicating sentences. Weasel words are a form of obfuscation. Obfuscation is usually used when people either do not know what they are talking about or wish to hide what they really mean.
Some people say that when doctors use difficult medical words to hide unpleasant things from patients, they are using obfuscation.
Technical term: Obfuscation is sometimes used to make source code much harder to read and reverse engineer. This can be a significant problem for technology like Python and JavaScript that require source code to be exposed in order to function.
Vocabulary
Vasili Arkhipov

Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov (, 30 January 1926 - 19 August 1998) was a Soviet Navy officer. He is known for casting the single vote that prevented a Soviet nuclear strike (and, presumably, all-out nuclear war) during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Such an attack likely would have caused a major global thermonuclear response.
Noam Chomsky said Arkhipov saved the world for his decision. He was a flotilla commander and second-in-command of the diesel powered submarine .
Arkhipov refused to authorize the captain's use of nuclear torpedoes against the United States Navy, a decision requiring the agreement of all three senior officers aboard. In 2002 Thomas Blanton, who was then director of the US National Security Archive, said that Arkhipov "saved the world".
Arkhipov died of kidney cancer on 19 August 1998 in Zheleznodorozhny, Moscow Oblast at the age of 72.
References
1926 births
1998 deaths
Cancer deaths in Russia
Deaths from kidney cancer
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Nelle Wilson Reagan

Nelle Clyde Wilson Reagan (July 24, 1883 - July 25, 1962) was the mother of United States President Ronald Reagan and his older brother Neil "Moon" Reagan.
Nelle was of Scots-English ancestry. She met Jack Reagan in a farming town on the prairie of Illinois. The two were married in Fulton in November 1904. They had two children: Neil and Ronald Reagan. After the birth of her second son, Nelle was told not to have any more children. The Reagan family moved from Tampico to Chicago and many small towns in Illinois. Where they lived depended on where Jack was working.
Nelle died from complications of Alzheimer's disease. She died on July 25, 1962, aged 79. Her son, Ronald, would die of the same disease.
References
Other websites
1883 births
1962 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Reagan family
People from Illinois
The Brahma Diamond

The Brahma Diamond is a 1909 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Harry Solter, George Gebhardt, and Florence Lawrence.
Actors
Harry Solter as A Tourist
George Gebhardt as A Guard
Florence Lawrence as The Guard's Sweetheart
David Miles as The Guard's Sweetheart's Father
Charles Inslee as An Unscrupulous Hindu
Arthur V. Johnson as Executioner
John R. Cumpson as Tourist
Edward Dillon
Robert Harron as Native Servant
Anita Hendrie as Tourist
Marion Leonard as Dancer (unconfirmed)
Owen Moore
Barry O'Moore as Tourist (as Herbert Yost)
Mack Sennett as A Guard / A Servant / Hotel Manager
Dorothy West as Tourist
References
Other websites
American movies
1909 movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Rogério Ceni

Rogerio Mucke Ceni (born 22 January 1973) better known as Rogerio Ceni, is a retired Brazilian football player. He was a goalkeeper. He played for the football team Sao Paulo from 1990 to 2015. Ceni had been the holder of his position since 1997. He retired in December 2015.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992||rowspan="19"|Sao Paulo||rowspan="19"|Serie A||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1994||5||0||0||0||8||0||13||0
|-
|1995||3||0||4||0||0||0||7||0
|-
|1996||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||25||1||4||0||11||0||40||1
|-
|1998||22||0||6||0||5||0||33||0
|-
|1999||18||2||3||0||8||1||29||3
|-
|2000||22||3||12||1||5||0||39||4
|-
|2001||21||0||6||0||4||0||31||0
|-
|2002||19||1||8||1||0||0||27||2
|-
|2003||40||2||6||0||8||0||54||2
|-
|2004||44||3||0||0||16||2||60||5
|-
|2005||38||10||0||0||16||5||54||15
|-
|2006||29||8||0||0||13||3||41||11
|-
|2007||35||7||0||0||13||0||48||7
|-
|2008||35||4||0||0||11||0||46||4
|-
|2009||16||2||0||0||3||0||19||2
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
373||43||49||2||121||11||543||56
373||43||49||2||121||11||543||56
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||2||0
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
|2001||4||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
!Total||15||0
|}
Other websites
Official Site
IFFHS Top Division goal scorer ranking among Goalkeepers
References
1973 births
Living people
Brazilian association football goalkeepers
Brazilian football managers
Sonian Forest

The Sonian Forest (, ) is a large forest in the south-eastern part of Brussels, Belgium.
The forest is in the Flemish parts of Sint-Genesius-Rode, Hoeilaart, Overijse and Tervuren, Uccle , Watermael-Boitsfort, Auderghem and Woluwe-Saint-Pierre in the Brussels-Capitale Region and in the Walloon towns of La Hulpe and Waterloo. Thus it stretches out over the three Belgian Regions. It used to be connected with Bois de la Cambre and Hallerbos (Blue Forest in Belgium) but they split up in 1900.
It is maintained by Flanders (56%), the Brussels-Capitale Region (38%) and Wallonia (6%). There are some parts of the forest privately held forest and the Kapucijnenbos, the "Capuchin Wood", which belongs to the Royal Trust.
Arts
Auguste Rodin went to the forest while living in Brussels in the 1870s. He made several paintings of the forest during this time.
Other websites
Forests of Belgium
Brussels
Flanders
Wallonia
Flemish Brabant
Walloon Brabant
Alan Arkin

Alan Wolf Arkin (March 26, 1934 June 29, 2023) was an American actor, director, musician, and singer. He is known for his Academy Award winning role as Edwin Hoover in Little Miss Sunshine (2006) and for his award-nominated role as Lester Siegel in Argo (2012).
Arkin appeared in small roles or cameo appearances including The Muppets (2011). He won a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Genie Award, a Drama Desk Award, and a Tony Award.
In 2019, he was in the Disney movie Dumbo as the voice of J. Griffin Remington.
Arkin was born in Brooklyn, New York City on March 26, 1934. He was educated at Bennington College. He was a member of The Second City.
Arkin was married to Jeremy Yaffe from 1955 until they divorced in 1961. He married Barbara Dana in 1964. They divorced during the 1990s. He married Suzanne Newlander in 1996. He has two sons with Yaffe including actor Adam Arkin, and 1 with Dana. He lived in Carlsbad, California from 2007.
Arkin died on June 29, 2023 at his home in San Marcos, California at the age of 89. He had a history of heart problems.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2023 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American movie directors
American television actors
American stage actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Drama Desk Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Jewish American actors
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
Tony Award winning actors
Halfway Home (TV series)

Halfway Home is a comedy television series that premiered on Wednesday, March 14, 2007, at 10:30 p.m. on Comedy Central. As described on its official website, Halfway Home is an "improvised half-hour series featuring the daily exploits of five ex-cons living together in a residential rehab facility."
Characters
Carly Barzac (played by Jessica Makinson) - Ex-convict in for drug trafficking. She has been shown to have a bad relationship with her parents (she even had to hire fake parents for parents day.) She also came very close to setting a world record for pogo-sticking.
Kenny Carlisle (played by Kevin Ruf) - The house supervisor
Serenity Johnson (played by Octavia Spencer) - Ex-convict in for armed robbery
Eulogio Pla (played by Oscar Nunez) - Ex-convict in for prostitution, described as "[using] sex to get what he wants."
Alan Shepard (played by Regan Burns) - Ex-convict in for arson, described as "the house narc who has an uncontrollable obsession with fire."
Sebastian "C-Bass" Yates (played by Jordan Black) - Ex-convict in for internet fraud, described as a "wanna-be terrorist who's really just a rich kid from California."
Comedy television series
2007 television series debuts
English-language television programs
The Soul Sessions

The Soul Sessions is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 16 September 2003 by S-Curve Records and EMI/Virgin Records.
Background
When The Soul Sessions was released on 16 September 2003. At the time Stone was just 16 years old. The album took four days to record. The songs on the album are cover versions of classic soul songs.
Reviews
The Soul Sessions received positive reviews from music critics.
Track listing
Certifications
References
2003 albums
Debut albums
Joss Stone albums
Blues albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Virgin Records albums
Rettenberg

Rettenberg is a municipality in the district of Oberallgau in Bavaria in Germany. Rettenberg is twinned with the village La Frenaye in Northern France (close to Le Havre). Rettenberg is the southernmost village with breweries (Engelbrau and Zotlerbrauerei) in Germany.
References
Oberallgau
Andrea Dworkin

Andrea Rita Dworkin (September 26, 1946 - April 9, 2005) was an American radical feminist and writer. Dworkin wrote ten books about radical feminism. She was most famous for saying that pornography hurts the women who participate in it and makes men who watch it believe harmful things about women. Her two most well known books are Pornography: Men Possessing Women (1981) and Intercourse (1987). In 1986, Dworkin's first novel Ice and Fire was published.
Early life
Dworkin was born in Camden, New Jersey. She was raised in a Jewish household. In sixth grade she started writing poetry. In 1965 Dworkin was arrested during an anti-Vietnam War protest at the United States Mission to the United Nations. She was sent to the New York Women's House of Detention.
Career
Dworkin's first feminist book Woman Hating was published in 1974. Our Blood: Prophesies and Discourses on Sexual Politics was published in 1976. In 2000 Scapegoat: The Jews, Israel And Women's Liberation was published. The book was inspired by a visit Dworkin made to Israel in 1988. The book compares the oppression of Jews to the oppression of women. In the book Dworkin says that women should have their own homeland like Jews have Israel.
Personal life
Dworkin was a lesbian. Dworkin married Cornelius (Iwan) Dirk de Bruin in 1967. In 1971 they divorced. In 1998 she married John Stoltenberg. Stoltenberg is openly gay. In 1999 Dworkin was raped in Paris. Dworkin died in Washington, D.C. when she was 58 from myocarditis.
References
1946 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from myocarditis
American activists
American crime victims
American feminist writers
American radical feminists
Anti-pornography activists
Jewish activists
Jewish American LGBT people
Jewish American writers
Jewish feminists
Lesbian feminists
Lesbian Jews
LGBT people from New Jersey
LGBT writers
Writers from Camden, New Jersey
Ryan Newman (racing driver)

Ryan Joseph Newman (born December 8, 1977) is an American racecar driver who drives the No. 51 Ford Mustang for Rick Ware Racing. Newman used to drive the No. 39 Chevrolet Impala for Stewart Haas Racing, and the No. 12 Dodge for Team Penske. Newman won the 2008 Daytona 500.
References
NASCAR drivers
1977 births
Daytona 500 winners
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Indiana
People from South Bend, Indiana
Living people
Kyosuke Tagawa

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Tagawa was born in Kagoshima Prefecture on February 11, 1999. He joined J1 League club Sagan Tosu from their youth team in 2017. He played many matches from first season. In 2019, he moved to FC Tokyo.
In 2017, Tagawa was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2017 U-20 World Cup. In 2019, he also played at 2019 U-20 World Cup. In December 2019, he was selected the Japan national team for 2019 E-1 Football Championship. At this tournament, he debuted against China on December 10.
Statistics
|-
|2017||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J1 League||24||4||2||2||4||0||colspan="2"|-||30||6
|-
|2018||23||2||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||29||2
|-
|2019||rowspan="3"|FC Tokyo||rowspan="3"|J1 League||11||1||1||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|2020||21||2||colspan="2"|-||0||0||4||0||25||2
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|2019||FC Tokyo U-23||J3 League||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0
85||11||5||2||13||1||4||0||107||14
85||11||5||2||13||1||4||0||107||14
|}
|-
|2019||2||1
|-
!Total||2||1
|}
References
Other websites
1999 births
Living people
Footballers from Kagoshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J3 League players
Sagan Tosu players
FC Tokyo players
FC Tokyo U-23 players
Fire Country

Fire Country is an American drama television series created by Max Thieriot that is set to air on CBS on October 7, 2022. The series is produced by CBS Studios and Universal Television, with Thieriot, Tony Phelan, and Joan Rater serving as executive producers.
Summary
In Fire Country, seeking redemption and a shortened prison sentence, young convict Bode Donovan (Thieriot) joins a firefighting program that returns him to his small Northern California hometown, where he and other inmates work alongside elite firefighters to extinguish massive blazes across the region.
Cast
Max Thieriot as Bode Donovan
Billy Burke as Vince
Kevin Alejandro as Manny
Diane Farr as Cheryl
Jordan Calloway as Jake
Stephanie Arcila as Arabella
Jules Latimer as Everly
Production
Development
Fire Country was created by Max Thieriot. On November 15, 2021, the show was put into development at CBS, with Thieriot serving as executive producer. Tony Phelan and Joan Rater were also announced as executive producers. On February 4, 2022, it was officially ordered to pilot. Shooting for the pilot took place from March to April 2022, in Vancouver, Canada. It was directed by James Strong.
On May 12, 2022, Fire Country was officially picked up to series.
Casting
Casting for the main cast started in February 2022 with Max Thieriot, and ended with Jules Latimer.
Episodes
Other websites
Fire Country Wiki on Fandom
Fire Country on Twitter
CBS network shows
2022 American television series debuts
Anderson County, Kansas

Anderson County (county code AN) is a county in East Central Kansas, in the Central United States. In 2010, 8,102 lived there. Its county seat is Garnett. Garnett is also the biggest city in Anderson County.
History
In 1855, Anderson County was created. It was named after Joseph C. Anderson.
In 1887, the first photograph of a tornado was taken in Anderson county.
Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.7%) is water.
Major highways
Sources: National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
U.S. Route 59
U.S. Route 169
Kansas Highway 31
Kansas Highway 52
Kansas Highway 58
People
Government
Presidential elections
Education
Unified school districts
Garnett USD 365
Anderson County High School
Crest USD 479
Crest High School
Communities
Cities
Colony
Garnett
Greeley
Kincaid
Lone Elm
Westphalia
References
More reading
Plat Book of Anderson County, Kansas; Northwest Publishing Company; 41 pages; 1901.
The History Of Anderson County, Kansas, From Its First Settlement To The Fourth Of July, 1876; W.A. Johnson; Kauffman & Iler; 289 pages; 1877.
Other websites
County
Anderson County - Directory of Public Officials
Anderson County - Development Agency
Historical
Anderson County - History, Kansas State Historical Society
Poster from Ninth Annual Anderson County Fair from September 25-28, 1891
Maps
Anderson County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Kesha Wizzart

Kesha Wizzart (22 October 1988 - 12 July 2007) was an English singer. She was a contestant on the television programme Stars In Their Eyes. She was born in Manchester.
Wizzart was murdered on 12 July 2007, along with her mother Beverley and brother Fred. It happened in their home in Manchester. The investigators found injuries to their heads. The next day, a search for the suspect Pierre Williams was started. He was arrested on 14 July, convicted and received three life sentences.
References
Other websites
TV show teenager is victim of triple murder - Retrieved from Sky News
1988 births
2007 crimes
2007 deaths
Black British musicians
British child singers
English murder victims
Musicians from Manchester
People murdered in England
English musicians
Allonnes, Sarthe

Allonnes is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the north west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood

Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary; 25 April 1897 - 28 March 1965), was the only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary.
She was the sister of kings Edward VIII and George VI, and aunt of Queen Elizabeth II. In the First World War, she performed charity work in support of servicemen and their families. She married Henry Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles (later the 6th Earl of Harewood), in 1922. Mary was given the title of Princess Royal in 1932. During the Second World War, she was Controller Commandant of the Auxiliary Territorial Service. The Princess Royal and the Earl of Harewood had two sons, George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, and The Honourable Gerald Lascelles.
References
External links
External links
Rubén Iván Martínez

Ruben Ivan Martinez (born 22 June 1984) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Cartagena.
Club career statistics
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Barcelona||rowspan="3"|La Liga||2||0
|-
|2005/06||0||0
|-
|2006/07||0||0
|-
|2007/08||Racing Ferrol||Segunda Division||0||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Cartagena||Segunda Division B||||
|-
|2009/10||Segunda Division||||
2||0
2||0
1984 births
Living people
Spanish association football goalkeepers
FC Barcelona players
Volkswagen emissions scandal

The 2016 Volkswagen's Dieselgate scandal involves the car brand Volkswagen. The United States Environmental Protection Agency found a program which was intentionally put in Volkswagen vehicles that made their Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) engines to activate emissions controls only during laboratory emissions testing, which caused the vehicle to meet US standards only during testing. The vehicles ended up emitting 40 times more emissions in real world driving conditions than in the lab. This caused Volkswagen (and it's sub-brands such as Audi and Skoda), to recall 11 million cars altogether worldwide which were produced within the years of 2009-2015 that had their Diesel engines equipped.
Volkswagen
Relative density

Relative density is the ratio of the densities of two materials. The term specific gravity is similar but not the same. In specific gravity, the reference material is water. Mathematically, relative density is found with:
Other websites
Weight Per Cubic Foot And Specific Gravity
Basic physics ideas
Emmanuel Niyonkuru

Emmanuel Niyonkuru (20 July 1962 - 1 January 2017) was a Burundian politician. He was appointed to the Government of Burundi as Minister of Water and Environment in 2015, after having been elected as a senator for the district of Muramvya. He was born in the Commune of Rutegama, Burundi.
Niyonkuru was assassinated by gunshot in the capital city of Bujumbura on 1 January 2016, aged 54. A woman was reportedly arrested.
References
1962 births
2017 deaths
Deaths by firearm
Burundian politicians
Assassinated people
African businesspeople
Kirengeshoma

Kirengeshoma is a genus containing two species of plants in the hydrangea family.
The genus name is Japanese, ki-rengeshoma (Huang Lian Hua Sheng Ma ); ki means 'yellow' and rengeshoma is a somewhat similar plant, the false anemone (Anemonopsis).
Species
References
Asterids