pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chick-fil-A

Chick-fil-A is an American fast food restaurant chain. The franchise is based in Atlanta and has places in parts of the United States.
History
S. Truett Cathy opened a restaurant called the Dwarf Grill (now known as the Dwarf house) in Atlanta, in 1946. In 1961, he found a fryer that is quicker in frying the chicken. After the discovery, he changed the name to Chick-fil-A inc. The slogan, "We Didn't Invent the Chicken, Just the Chicken Sandwich" refers to their top menu item, the chicken sandwich.
The first Chick-fil-A opened in 1967, in the Greenbriar mall in Atlanta.
References
Other websites
Official website
American food companies
Credit union

A credit union is a cooperative financial institution that is owned and controlled by its members. Credit unions differ from banks and other financial institutions in that the members who have accounts in the credit union are the owners of the credit union - there are no external shareholders. Profits from the operations of a credit union are distributed to members in the form of dividends.
The basic services of a credit union are to offer savings accounts and loans to members.
Money
de:Genossenschaftsbank
he:bnkAvt kvAvprTybyt
Shingo Suzuki

Shingo Suzuki (born 20 March 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Oita Trinita.
Club career statistics
|-
|1996||Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Yokogawa Electric||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||||||||||||||||
|-
|1998||||||||||||||||
|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||30||8||3||0||2||0||35||8
|-
|2000||40||11||3||3||2||0||45||14
|-
|2001||42||16||3||0||2||0||47||16
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||30||7||5||0||6||3||41||10
|-
|2003||30||1||1||0||4||0||35||1
|-
|2004||rowspan="4"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||30||5||1||0||5||2||36||7
|-
|2005||29||4||1||0||6||0||36||4
|-
|2006||34||9||2||0||5||1||41||10
|-
|2007||17||0||0||0||4||0||21||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||15||3||2||0||0||0||18||3
|-
|2008||34||2||1||0||9||2||44||4
|-
|2009||21||0||0||0||1||0||22||0
|-
|2010||Kyoto Sanga||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
353||66||22||3||46||8||421||77
353||66||22||3||46||8||421||77
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Giravanz Kitakyushu players
Caunette-sur-Lauquet

Caunette-sur-Lauquet is a commune of 4 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Peat

Peat, or turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation. Peat forms in wetland bogs, moors, mires, and swamps.
Formation
Peat forms when plant material, usually in marshy areas, is inhibited from decaying fully by acidic and anaerobic conditions. It is composed mainly of marshland vegetation: trees, grasses, fungi, as well as other types of organic remains, such as insects, and animal remains. Under certain conditions, the decomposition of the latter (in the absence of oxygen) is inhibited.
Peat formed in very wet conditions accumulates faster, and is less decomposed, than that in drier places. This allows climatologists to use peat as an indicator of climatic change. The composition of peat can also be used to reconstruct ancient ecologies by examining the types and quantities of its organic constituents.
Under the proper conditions, peat is the earliest stage in the formation of coal. The coal measures of the Pennsylvanian period were laid down in a gigantic tropical river basin, and later squeezed and heated to form the metamorphic rock we call 'coal'.
Most modern peat bogs formed in high latitudes after the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the last ice age some 9,000 years ago. They usually grow slowly, at the rate of about a millimetre per year.
The peat in the world's peatlands has been forming for 360 million years and contains 550 Gigatonnes of carbon.
Uses
Peat is harvested as an important source of fuel in certain parts of the world. By volume, there are about 4 trillion m3 of peat in the world covering a total of around 2% of global land area (about 3 million km2), containing about 8 billion terajoules of energy.
Peat is soft and easily compressed. Under pressure, water in the peat is forced out. Upon drying, peat can be used as a fuel. It has industrial importance as a fuel in some countries, such as Ireland and Finland, where it is harvested on an industrial scale. In many countries, including Ireland and Scotland, where trees are often scarce, peat is traditionally used for cooking and domestic heating. Stacks of drying peat dug from the bogs can still be seen in some rural areas.
Peat's insulating properties make it of use to industry.
Peat fires are used to dry malted barley for use in Scotch whisky distillation. This gives Scotch whisky its distinctive smoky flavour, often called "peatiness".
Although peat has many uses for humans, it also presents problems. When dry, it can be a major fire hazard, as peat fires can burn almost indefinitely (or at least until the fuel is exhausted). Peat fires can even burn underground, reigniting after the winter, provided there is a source of oxygen. Peat deposits also pose major difficulties to builders of structures, roads, and railways, as they are highly compressible under even small loads. When the West Highland Line was built across Rannoch Moor in western Scotland, its builders had to float the tracks on a mattress of tree roots, brushwood and thousands of tons of earth and ashes.
References
Fuel
Sedimentary rocks
Ronnie and Donnie Galyon

Ronnie and Donnie Galyon (October 28, 1951 - July 4, 2020) were American conjoined twins. They held the record for the oldest conjoined twins in the world. They were on a reality show The World's Oldest Coinjoined Twins.
Ronnie and Donnie Galyon were born on October 28, 1951 in Dayton, Ohio. They share organs, so they can not be separated. They almost died when they suffered a blood clot. They lived in Dayton, Ohio.
Galyon died on July 4, 2020 under hospice care in Dayton from congestive heart failure, aged 68.
References
Other websites
"Galyon Twins Finally Enjoying Quiet Times. Dayton Daily News.
1951 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
People from Dayton, Ohio
Twin people from the United States
World record holders
Human microbiome

The human microbiome (or human microbiota) is the collection of microorganisms which live on us. They live on the skin, in the saliva and mouth, in the eyes, and in the gut and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. They include bacteria, archaea, fungi and single-celled eukaryotes ('protozoa'). Everyone carries around far more of these microbes than the number of human cells in the body. The human body has about 100 trillion cells, and carries about ten times as many microorganisms in the intestines alone.
The microbiome is "the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that literally share our body space". The term was originally coined by Joshua Lederberg. He thought the microorganisms living in the human body in health and disease were important. Many scientific articles distinguish "microbiome" and "microbiota" to describe either the collective genomes of the microorganisms that live in an environmental niche or the microorganisms themselves, respectively. However, by the original definitions these terms are largely synonymous.
Some of these organisms are useful for humans. However, most have no known effect. They are just symbionts: they live with us. Those which are expected to be present are members of the normal flora. Under normal circumstances they do not cause disease, but may even help our health. Studies in 2009 asked whether our health is damaged if we reduce this biota. This is certainly the case with gut flora.
Although "flora" refers to plants rather than bacteria, the term 'gut flora' is widely used and familiar to biologists. 'Biota' refers to the total collection of organisms in an ecosystem. The term 'microbiota' is best for bacteria and other microorganisms, but no doubt 'flora' will often be used.
The microbes being discussed are generally non-pathogenic (do not cause disease unless they grow abnormally); they exist in harmony and symbiotically with their hosts.
Researchers have learned that much of the population of microbes found in the human body are not bacteria but a very old class of single-celled organisms called archaea. They include methanogens which produce methane and may cause flatulence.
Related pages
Enterotype
References
Prokaryotes
Microbiology
Humans
Health
You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)

You Know My Name is a comedy song originally performed by The Beatles, and eventually released as the B-Side of Let it Be.
1970 songs
The Beatles songs
Yesterday (2004 movie)

Yesterday is a 2004 South African drama movie directed by Darrell Roodt and starring Kenneth Khambula, Leleti Khumalo, Harriet Lenabe, Lihle Mvelase. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 2005.
Other websites
2004 drama movies
South African movies
Movies set in South Africa
Movies directed by Darrell Roodt
The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009 movie)

The Taking of Pelham 123 is a 2009 American crime thriller movie. It was directed by Tony Scott and stars Denzel Washington and John Travolta. It is based on the novel of the same name written by Morton Freedgood (writing under the pseudonym John Godey) and 1974 movie The Taking of Pelham One Two Three. It is set in New York City.
Release Dates
Other websites
2009 crime thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
American movie remakes
2000s English-language movies
Heist movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Tony Scott
Movies set in New York City
Mango (singer)

Mango, stage name of Giuseppe ("Pino") Mango (November 6, 1954 - December 7, 2014), was an Italian singer-songwriter and musician. He was known for his style which fuses pop, folk, world music, the frequent use of odd time signatures and for his high vocal range.
On December 7, 2014 Mango suffered a heart attack while performing the song "Oro" during a concert in Policoro, province of Matera, aged 60.
References
Other websites
Official site
1954 births
2014 deaths
Basilicata
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Italian musicians
Italian singer-songwriters
Paul Murphy, Baron Murphy of Torfaen

Paul Peter Murphy, KCMCO, KSG (born November 25, 1948) is a Welsh politician and held several cabinet posts, including Secretary of State for Wales. He is the Member of Parliament for the Torfaen constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1987 general election.
He is a member of the Labour Party.
1948 births
Living people
Members of the British House of Commons for Welsh constituencies
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland
Secretaries of State for Wales
UK MPs 1987-1992
UK MPs 1992-1997
UK MPs 1997-2001
UK MPs 2001-2005
UK MPs 2005-2010
UK MPs 2010-2015
Lindsay Brown (accountant)

Lindsay John Brown ( - 6 August 2020) was a New Zealand accountant. He was chancellor of the University of Otago from 2004 to 2008.
Brown died in Dunedin, New Zealand on 6 August 2020, aged 76.
References
1940s births
2020 deaths
New Zealand educators
Adulterant

An adulterant is a chemical substance that should not be present in other substances, like food, drinks or fuels. Adulterants are often added to more expensive substances to increase the visible quantity. The word is used when the addition is unwanted by the recipient of the product. Chemical substances that are added to food or drinks for a purpose are called food additives. When substances are added to (illegal) drugs, these are often called cutting agents.
Foods
Kington St Michael

Kington St Michael is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It is located about north of Chippenham. It is about west of the A350 which links Chippenham with junction 17 of the M4 motorway; the village is about southwest of the junction.
Other websites
Village website.
Villages in Wiltshire
Civil parishes in England
Roffey, Yonne

Roffey is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Villeret, Switzerland

Villeret is a municipality of the administrative district Jura bernois of the Swiss canton of Bern.
References
Other websites
Official website of the municipality of Villeret
Municipalities of Bern
Conifer cone

A confier cone (or pine cone) is an organ on plants in the division Pinophyta (conifers) that contains the reproductive structures. It is the part of a tree that lets the tree reproduce. Its formal name in botany is strobilus, plural strobili.
The familiar woody cone is the female cone, which produces seeds. The male cones, which produce pollen, are usually smaller and much less conspicuous even at full maturity. The individual plates of a cone are known as scales.
The male cone (microstrobilus or pollen cone) is structurally similar across all conifers, differing only in small ways (mostly in scale arrangement) from species to species. Extending out from a central axis are microsporophylls (modified leaves). Under each microsporophyll is one or several microsporangia (pollen sacs).
Conifer cones and their seeds have been used for lots of different purposes. They are often used for decorations. Some seeds, for example, the seeds of pinyon pines, are used in prepared foods and baking.
Most mature cones are closed when wet and open when dry. In a few species, it takes fire to open the cones.
References
Conifers
Xin Zhui

Xin Zhui (213 BC-163 BC) also known as Lady Dai or the Diva Mummy is a 2,100-year-old mummy from the Western Han Dynasty. To date, she is the best preserved ancient human ever found. She was the wife of Li Cang, the marquis of Dai. She had gained fame more than 2,000 years after her death. This was when her tomb was discovered inside a hill in Hunan, China. She and her jewels are located at the Hunan Provincial Museum.
Mummy
In 1971, her mummified body was found. All her organs and blood vessels were still seen. They found out that she had Type A blood. Her skin was still elastic. Her joints could still be moved. She still had her eyelashes and hair in her nostrils. Lady Dai was overweight. She suffered from diabetes. She also had high blood pressure, clogged arteries and her heart was badly damaged.
Death
Xin died from a heart attack because of poor health conditions at the time. She also suffered internal parasites and had gallstones logged in her gall bladder. She had also suffered a lot of pain from a fused spinal disc.
References
Other websites
The 2,000 Year-Old Mummified Body of Lady Xin Zhui, Hunan Museum, Changsha, China; YouTube
Chinese royalty
Deaths from hypertension
People from Hunan
1st-millennium BC people
3rd-century BC births
160s BC deaths
2nd-century BC people
Cult of personality

Sometimes, governments create idealized images of people. Very often, these people are current or former leaders of the country. What will then result is a cult of personality, or cult of the leader. Techniques such as mass media, propaganda, fake news, spectacle, the arts and patriotism are used to create this image. The leader is shown as a hero, with few or no negative traits. Social engineering is also used very often, especially in sta in one-party states and dominant-party states. A cult of personality often accompanies the leader of a totalitarian or authoritarian countries. It can also be seen in some monarchies, theocracies, and failed democracies.
Politics
Hudson, Michigan

Hudson is a city in Lenawee County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
Alexis of Russia

Aleksey Mikhaylovich (; - ) was the Tsar of Russia from 1645 until his death in 1676.
References
1629 births
1676 deaths
Russian royalty
Bangs, Texas

Bangs is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Belleville, Michigan

Belleville is a city in Wayne County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
Ola Magnell

Nils Olaus Lennart Karl Magnell (20 January 1946 - 6 February 2020) was a Swedish pop-rock singer-songwriter and guitarist. His works were first put out by Metronome Records in the 1970s. He was born in Skalby gard, Sweden.
His best known works were "Patalaten", "Skurken", "Festen ar over", "Trasten", "Jag fryser (pa dej)", "Karlek", "Fan pa vaggen", "Malvina utan morker", "Opportunisten", "Ett hus" and "Johanna (i skuggan av Stockholm)".
Magnell died on 6 February 2020 of heart failure in Tunby, Sweden at the age of 74.
References
1946 births
2020 deaths
Swedish singers
Swedish writers
Swedish musicians
Swedish guitarists
Deaths from heart failure
Holzheim, Donau-Ries

Holzheim is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Robert Ruttmann.
References
Donau-Ries
Luther (2003 movie)

Luther is a 2003 biopic about the life of Martin Luther (1483-1546).
The movie starred Joseph Fiennes as Luther himself and Alfred Molina as Johann Tetzel.
Plot
The movie covers Luther's life from his becoming a monk in 1505 to the Diet of Augsburg in 1530.
Related pages
Martin Luther
Other websites
2003 movies
Movies about Martin Luther
Multilingual movies
Movies set in Rome
David C. Jewitt

David C. Jewitt is a Professor of astronomy at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy. He was born in 1958 in England, and graduated from the University of London in 1979.
1958 births
Living people
English astronomers
University of Hawai`i faculty
Israeli West Bank barrier

The Israel West Bank barrier is a wall built by the State of Israel to separate Palestinian territories from Israel. It is built mostly of fences and in some places it is built of high concrete walls. It is 708 kilometers (439 miles) long.
Construction
The barrier was built in the Second Intifada that began in September 2000. It is when the Israeli government argued that it necessary to stop the violence and suicide bombing attacks coming from the West Bank.
Arguments
There are many arguments about the barrier. People who want the barrier say it is needed to protect Israeli civilians from Palestinian terrorism. Since the barrier was built, the number of attacks has gone down, especially in areas where the barrier has been fully completed. Israel says that it is necessary for the country's security.
People who are against the barrier say that it is against international law because Israel and the Palestinians have not agreed where the border between them should be and have not reached a consensus. While the Palestinian Authority is in charge for water sources, the economic system, etc. in the West Bank, Palestinians who travel to Israel for medical, educational or work purposes have said that the barrier has negative effects on daily life and gives them less freedom (due to checkpoints).
Other websites
Q&A: What is the West Bank barrier? on the BBC website
The Security Barrier on the ADL website
Arab-Israeli conflict
Buildings and structures in Israel
Buildings and structures in Palestine
Politics of Palestine
Defensive walls
West Bank
Bernhard van Haersma Buma

Bernhardus "Bernhard" van Haersma Buma (23 March 1932 - 26 June 2020) was a Dutch politician and writer. He was a member of the Christian Historical Union (CHU) and later on of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He was mayor of Workum and Sneek. He was born in Stavoren, Netherlands.
Buma died from a heart attack on 26 June 2020 at a hospital in Leeuwarden, Netherlands at the age of 88.
Bernhard van Haersma Buma is the father of CDA politician Sybrand van Haersma Buma.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Christian Historical Union politicians
Dutch civil servants
Dutch historians
Dutch mayors
Politicians from Friesland
Writers from Friesland
Remember When (Alan Jackson song)

"Remember When" is a country-western song recorded by Alan Jackson. It was the second single released from the 2003 album Greatest Hits Volume II. "Remember When" reached number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs and number 29 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.
References
2003 songs
Alan Jackson songs
Dryden Township, Michigan

Dryden Township is a civil township in Lapeer County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,768 at the 2010 census.
References
Townships in Michigan
Dettmar Cramer

Dettmar Cramer (4 April 1925 - 17 September 2015) was a former German football manager. He coached Bayern Munich. He led them to the 1975 and 1976 European Cups. He was born in Dortmund.
Cramer died at the age of 90 at his home in Reit im Winkl, Germany.
References
1925 births
2015 deaths
German football managers
German footballers
German military personnel of World War II
People from Dortmund
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Eintracht Frankfurt managers
Digital distribution

Digital distribution (also named content delivery), is the delivery (through downloading) of any digital content, including audio, e-books, games, PDFs, pictures, software, and video. Digital distribution is handled through a digital distribution platform that's designed to stream the digital content or allow the content to be downloaded in full.
The primary behavior of online distribution is its direct nature of distribution.
Benefits
To make a commercially successful work, artists usually must enter their industry's publishing chain. Publishers help artists advertise, fund and distribute their work to retail outlets. In some industries, particularly video games, artists find themselves bound to publishers, and in many cases unable to make the content they want; the publisher might not think it will profit well. This can quickly lead to the standardization of the content and to the stifling of new, potentially risky ideas.
By opting for online distribution, an artist can get their work into the public sphere of interest easily with potentially minimum business overhead. This often leads to cheaper goods for the consumer, increased profits for the artists, as well as increased artistic freedom. Online distribution platforms typically contain or act as a form of digital rights management.
Online distribution also opens the door to new business models (e.g., the Open Music Model). For instance, an artist could release one track from an album or one chapter from a book at a time instead of waiting for them all to be completed. This either gives them a cash boost to help continue their projects or indicates that their work might not be financially viable. This is hopefully done before they have spent excessive money and time on a project deemed to remain unprofitable. Video games have increased flexibility in this area, demonstrated by micropayment models. A clear result of these new models is their accessibility to smaller artists or artist teams who do not have the time, funds, or expertise to make a new product in one go.
An example of this can be found in the music industry. Indie artists may access the same distribution channels as major record labels, with potentially fewer restrictions and manufacturing costs. There is a growing collection of 'Internet labels' that offer distribution to unsigned or independent artists directly to online music stores, and in some cases marketing and promotion services. Further, many bands are able to bypass this completely, and offer their music for sale via their own independently controlled websites.
An issue is the large number of incompatible formats in which content is delivered, restricting the devices that may be used, or making data conversion necessary.
File sharing
Movie distribution
Fallis, Oklahoma

Fallis is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 28 people, 13 households, and 7 families living in the town. The population density was 81.2 people per square mile (31.8/km2). There were 17 houses at an average density of 49.3 per square mile (19.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 92.86% White and 7.14% African American.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Crosby, Texas

Crosby is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Harris County, Texas, United States.
Census-designated places in Harris County, Texas
George Chakiris

George Chakiris (born September 16, 1932) is an American dancer, singer and actor. He is best known for his appearance in the movie version of West Side Story as Bernardo, the leader of the Sharks gang.
Other websites
Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1932 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American dancers
Actors from Ohio
Singers from Ohio
Dʿmt

D'mt was a kingdom in Ethiopia and Eritrea from the 10th to 5th centuries BC.
History of Ethiopia
History of Eritrea
Former monarchies of Africa
Sonia Kruger

Sonia Melissa Kruger (born 28 August 1965) is an Australian television presenter and actress from Queensland.
Kruger has been the host of multiple TV shows over the years including the Australian versions of Dancing with the Stars, The Voice and Big Brother Australia. She was also the host of the daytime television show Today Extra.
Kruger has attracted criticism for her comments about Muslim people and immigrants.
Sources
1965 births
Living people
Australian television presenters
Australian actors
Ascendancy (album)

Ascendancy is the second studio album by the American heavy metal band Trivium. The album was released in 2005. It was the first album to feature guitarist Corey Beaulieu and bassist Paolo Gregoletto.
Production
The album contained 4 singles, "Like Light to the Flies", "Pull Harder on the Strings of Your Martyr", "A Gunshot to the Head of Trepidation" and "Dying in Your Arms". A music video was made for each of these songs. Also, a promotional video was filmed for the song "Rain". A demo version of "The Deceived" was included in the re-release of Ember to Inferno, nearly a year before this album was released.
Sales
Ascendancy has sold over 500,000 copies worldwide, in the United States of America the album reached No. 4 on the Top Heatseekers charts, with over 140,000 units sold.
Reviews
When the album was released, it got very good reviews. Johnny Loftus of Allmusic had this to say about the album "Ascendancy aligns real-deal thrash with powerful modern influences. But at all times it's a platform for Trivium's own crazed talent." It also got 7/10 stars from PopMatters.
Track listing
Bonus DVD
Band members
Matt Heafy - vocals, guitars, production, art concept
Corey Beaulieu - lead guitar
Paolo Gregoletto - bass guitar
Travis Smith - drums, percussion, gang vocals (on Track 6)
References
Heavy metal albums
2005 albums
Roadrunner Records albums
Bambecque

Bambecque () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 806 people lived there.
References
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Joseph Paul Franklin

Joseph Paul Franklin (April 13, 1950 - November 20, 2013) was an American serial killer. He tried to kill Larry Flynt, a magazine publisher, in 1978 and Vernon Jordan, Jr., the civil rights activist, in 1980. He has been given six life sentences. He lived at Potosi Correctional Center on death row. On November 20, 2013 he was executed at 8:30am with Propofol, a lethal drug, for killing a Jewish man outside a synagogue.
He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Franklin said that he thought he deserved to die for his crimes. Larry Flynt wrote in an essay published in the Hollywood Reporter, "I do not want to see him die." Franklin was executed on November 20, 2013 by lethal injection.
References
1950 births
2013 deaths
Executed American serial killers
People executed by lethal injection
People from Mobile, Alabama
People with schizophrenia
Canada national rugby union team

The Canada national rugby union team () is a second tier rugby union from Canada. They were a mainstay at the Rugby World Cup from 1987 to 2019 and failed to qualify for the first time in 2023. They are currently ranked 23rd in the World Rankings as of July 2022.
National rugby union teams
National sports teams of Canada
Ringleader

A ringleader is a leader of a group of people.
Ringleader may also refer to:
Ringmaster (circus), the leader of a circus performance
Ringleader (comics), a fictional character from Marvel Comics
Ringleader of the Tormentors, an album by the singer Morrissey
Related pages
Ringmaster (disambiguation)
Football at the 1990 Asian Games – Men's tournament

1990 Football at the Asian Games was held in Beijing from 23 September to 6 October.
Results
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Knockout stage
References
Football at the Asian Games
1990 in association football
1990 Asian Games
1990 in China
Football in China
September events
October events
Wharton County, Texas

Wharton County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 41,570 people lived there. The county seat is Wharton.
References
Texas counties
Kampot province

Kampot is a province in Cambodia. The capital city is also named Kampot.
To its south it has a coastline of around 45 km on the Gulf of Thailand. Preah Monivong National Park is in the province.
There are 7 districts and 1 municipality:
Angkor Chey
Banteay Meas
Chhouk
Chum Kiri
Dang Tong
Kampong Trach
Kampot Municipality
Tuek Chhou
References
Provinces of Cambodia
Establishments in Cambodia
1923 establishments in Asia
Philip H. Hilder

Philip H. Hilder is an American criminal defense attorney and founder of the Houston law firm Hilder & Associates, P.C. He has represented whistle-blowers and other witnesses and defendants in several high-profile white-collar crime cases. He represented Sherron Watkins, the former Enron vice president who helped shed light on details of the company's collapse in 2001. Ms. Watkins was named one of Time magazine's three "Persons of the Year 2002." Hilder was interviewed and featured in the 2005 Oscar-nominated Alex Gibney documentary, Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room.
References
Living people
French-Azerbaijani University

The French-Azerbaijani University (, , UFAZ) was created in 2016 on the initiative of Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and French President Francois Hollande as a joint project led by the University of Strasbourg and the Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University (ASOIU).
The UFAZ campus is housed in a historical building at Nizami Street 183 in the city center of the Azerbaijani capital city Baku.
It has around 70 professors and other faculty members, and around 538 students.
Education
Teaching at UFAZ is in the English language, and the academic curriculum followed is the one of the University of Strasbourg, and the University of Rennes 1 for oil and gas engineering bachelor program.
To harmonize the 3-year undergraduate course in France with the 4-year bachelor program in Azerbaijan, the first year at UFAZ is a foundation year. The teaching staff consists of both French and Azerbaijani professors. Upon graduation, UFAZ graduates receive Azerbaijani (ASOIU) and French (University of Strasbourg or University of Rennes 1) national diplomas.
At present, the UFAZ counts 4 specialties at the bachelor level: chemical engineering, geophysical engineering, computer science, and oil and gas engineering.
Most UFAZ students, more than 80%, are scholarship holders who receive free education based on Azerbaijani government's financial support.
UFAZ will open new master's programs for the 2020/2021 academic year in the following areas: chemical engineering / physical chemistry, geosciences and applied computer sciences (big data and artificial intelligence).
Related pages
List of universities in Baku
References
Other websites
Official website
Technical colleges and universities in Azerbaijan
Buildings and structures in Baku
21st-century establishments in Azerbaijan
2016 establishments in Asia
2016 establishments in Europe
Siler City, North Carolina

Siler City is a town in western Chatham County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town's population was 7,887.
References
Towns in North Carolina
Bob Ptacek

Robert James "Bob" Ptacek, Jr. (born April 23, 1937) is a former professional American and Canadian football player. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He holds the CFL record for most fumble returns in a playoff season with three in 1963.
Ptacek played college football at the halfback and quarterback positions for the University of Michigan from 1956 to 1958. He later played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cleveland Browns in 1959 and in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the Saskatchewan Roughriders from 1960 to 1965.
References
1937 births
Living people
American football linebackers
American football quarterbacks
Cleveland Browns players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Sportspeople from Cleveland
Journeyman (TV series)

Journeyman was an American science-fiction television series on the NBC network. It started in September 2007.
Plot
The series is about a reporter, Dan Vasser, who finds that he can travel through time with no warning. He can change things in his own past, so he has to be careful not to change too much.
Other websites
Official NBC site
American science fiction television series
NBC network shows
American drama television series
English-language television programs
Herero language

The Herero language (Herero: Otjiherero) is a Bantu language of the Niger-Congo group. It is spoken by the Herero people in Namibia and Botswana. There are about 237,000 Herero speakers in both countries, 206,000 in Namibia and the rest in Botswana.
The language is spoken in an area called Hereroland. This area includes the regions of Omaheke, Otjozondjupa, and Kunene. The Himba people, who are related to the Herero people, speak a dialect that is very close to Herero. A large minority of people in Windhoek (the capital of Namibia) speak Herero.
The Herero language is written in the Latin alphabet. The first written work in Herero was a translation of the Bible by missionary Gottlieb Viehe (1839-1901). Father Peter Heinrich Brincker (1836-1904), another missionary, translated several religious works and songs into Herero.
Herero is taught in Namibian schools and at the University of Namibia. It is one of the six minority languages used in broadcasts by the Namibian State Radio (NBC). Gamsberg Macmillan, , has published the only dictionary in Herero.
Bibliography
Brincker, Peter Heinrich (1886, 1964). Worterbuch und kurzgefasste Grammatik des Otji-Herero. Leipzig (reprint 1964 Ridgwood, NJ: The Gregg Press).
Hahn, C. Hugo (1857). Grundzuge einer Grammatik des Herero. Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz.
Lutz, Marten (2006). "Locative inversion in Otjiherero: more on morpho-syntactic variation in Bantu." In: Laura Downing, Lutz Marten & Sabine Zerbian (eds.), Papers in Bantu Grammar, ZAS Papers in Linguistics 43, 97--122.
Marten, Lutz & Nancy C. Kula (2007). "Morphosyntactic co-variation in Bantu: two case studies." SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics 15.227-238.
Mohlig, Wilhelm, Lutz Marten & Jekura U. Kavari (2002). A Grammatical Sketch of Herero (Otjiherero). Koln: Koppe (Grammatische Analysen afrikanischer Sprachen; v.19).
References
Other websites
Bantu languages
Solly Hemus

Solomon Joseph "Solly" Hemus (April 17, 1923 - October 2, 2017) was an American professional baseball infielder, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball (MLB). Hemus was one of a select group of major league players to hold a role as a player-manager. He was born in Phoenix, Arizona. He played and managed for the St. Louis Cardinals and briefly played for the Philadelphia Phillies.
Hemus died on October 2, 2017 in Houston, Texas at the age of 94.
References
1923 births
2017 deaths
St. Louis Cardinals players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Sportspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
Alan Tudyk

Alan Wray Tudyk (born March 16, 1971) is an American actor. He played Hoban "Wash" Washburne in Firefly, Doc Potter in 3:10 to Yuma and as Dutch in Transformers: Dark of the Moon. On voice acting, he voiced Lenny in Ice Age and other Disney characters in each movies and television.
Tudyk was born in El Paso, Texas. Tudyk was raised in Plano, Texas. He studied at Plane Senior High School, Lon Morris High School, and at the Juilliard School.
References
Other websites
1971 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from El Paso, Texas
People from Plano, Texas
Endymion (Hyperion)

Endymion is the third science fiction book written by Dan Simmons in his Hyperion Cantos series. The novel was extremely successful-within a year of its release, the book had been reprinted five times. The novel was nominated for the 1996 British Fantasy Award.
References
1996 books
Hyperion
Santa Elena Province

The Province of Santa Elena () is a province of Ecuador in the coastal region. It was created in 2007 from territory that belonged to the Guayas Province. It is one of the two newest provinces of Ecuador, along with Santo Domingo de Los Tsachilas. Its capital city is Santa Elena.
Political division
The province is divided into three cantons. The following table lists each with its population at the 2001 census, its area in square kilometres (km2), and the name of the canton seat or capital.
References
Provinces of Ecuador
Camille Pissarro

Camille Pissarro (10 July 1830 - 12 November 1903) was a French Impressionist painter. He was born on Saint Tomas in the Virgin Islands. Pissarro died in Paris.
He was the only artist to exhibit in both Impressionism and Post-impressionism forms. Pissarro learnt from great forerunners, including Gustave Courbet and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot. He later studied and worked alongside Georges Seurat and Paul Signac when he took on the Neo-Impressionist style at the age of 54.
In 1873 he helped establish a society of fifteen aspiring artists, holding the group together and encouraging the other members. Art historian John Rewald called Pissarro the "dean of the Impressionist painters", not only because he was the oldest of the group, but also "by virtue of his wisdom and his balanced, kind, and warmhearted personality". Cezanne said "he was a father for me. A man to consult and a little like the good Lord". He was also one of Gauguin's mentors. Renoir referred to his work as "revolutionary", through his artistic portrayals of the common man. Pissarro insisted on painting individuals in natural settings without "artifice or grandeur".
Pissarro is the only artist to have shown his work at all eight Paris Impressionist exhibitions, from 1874 to 1886. He acted as a father figure to the Impressionists and, in varying degress, to all four of the major Post-impressionists including Georges Seurat, Paul Cezanne, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin.
The London years
The Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 compelled Pissarro to flee his home in September 1870; he returned in June 1871 to find that the house, and along with it many of his early paintings, had been destroyed by Prussian soldiers. By December 1870 he and his family had taken refuge in London and settled in Crystal Palace, southwest London.
Through the paintings Pissarro completed at this time, he records Sydenham and Norwood at a time when they were just recently connected by railways. One of the largest of these paintings is a view of St. Bartholomew's Church at Lawrie Park Avenue, commonly known as The Avenue, Sydenham, in the collection of the National Gallery, London.
Whilst in Upper Norwood Pissarro was introduced to the art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel, who bought two of his 'London' paintings. Durand-Ruel subsequently became the most important art dealer of the new school of French Impressionism.
Returning to France, in 1890 Pissarro again visited England and painted some ten scenes of central London. He came back again in 1892, painting in Kew Gardens and Kew Green, and also in 1897, when he produced several oils of Bedford Park, Chiswick.
Gallery
Related pages
List of French painters
List of Danish painters
References
French painters
1830 births
1903 deaths
Werner Heisenberg

Werner Karl Heisenberg (5 December 1901 1 February 1976) was a German physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of quantum mechanics. He discovered the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which shows there is a limit on how well position and velocity of a particle can be measured.
Early life
Heisenberg was born in Wuerzburg, Germany, the son of a professor of Byzantine history. He went to university to study physics in Munich. Arnold Sommerfeld was one of his teachers.
Heisenberg was a very good student and needed only three years to finish his studies. He then wrote a doctoral thesis about movements in the flows of liquids ("Uber Stabilitat und Turbulenz von Flussigkeitsstromen"--"On the stability and turbulence of liquid streams"). In 1924 he became assistant to Max Born at the University of Gottingen. In June 1925 he was recovering from hay fever on the island Helgoland, and while working alone made the decisive breakthrough to Quantum mechanics. Back in Gottingen, together with Max Born and Pascual Jordan, they wrote the basic paper which founded Quantum
mechanics.
In 1926/ 1927 Heisenberg worked with Niels Bohr at the University of Copenhagen. In February 1927, while Bohr was on extended skiing holidays, he invented the uncertainty principle and published the paper "Uber den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik"--"On the Visualizable Contents of the Quantum-theoretical Kinematics and Mechanics".
At the age of 26 Heisenberg became professor of theoretical physics at the University of Leipzig.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize when he was 31 years old.
In 1937 he married Elisabeth Schumacher. They had seven children, one of their sons is well known as a neurobiologist and geneticist, Martin Heisenberg.
War and later
During the Second World War, from 1939 to 1945 Werner Heisenberg was drafted to work on the German Uranium Project . This was aiming at a nuclear reactor, and did not result in any nuclear weapons, possibly because Heisenberg did not want it to. Some historians assume that there was a race between the minute German Uranium project and the huge American Manhattan project. Hans A. Bethe, the director of the theory division of the Manhattan project at Los Alamos, said this was not true. Edward Teller, the father of the American hydrogen bomb, said that Heisenberg sabotaged the German project.
After the war, he was held as a prisoner at Farm Hall in England from May 1945 to January, 1946, where the British and Americans kept ten German nuclear scientists.
Later he worked in elementary particle physics, mainly in West Germany and he helped the foundation of the European Laboratory for Elementary Particle Physics CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. In April 1957, he signed a declaration , together with 17 German physicists, that they would never participate in the construction of nuclear weapons. In 1958, his Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik was transferred from Gottingen to Munchen.
He died in Munich Germany, in 1976 at the age of 74.
1901 births
1976 deaths
German academics
German Nobel Prize winners
People from Wurzburg
German theoretical physicists
The Place Beyond the Pines

The Place Beyond the Pines is a 2012 American crime drama movie. It was directed by Derek Cianfrance and it was produced by Lynette Howell, Sidney Kimmel, Alex Orlovsky, and Jamie Patricof.
The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 80% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Kevin Jagernauth of Indiewire gave a positive review and said that it was a "ambitious epic that is cut from some of the same thematic tissue as Cianfrance's previous film, but expands the scope into a wondrously widescreen tale of fathers, sons and the legacy of sins that are passed down through the generations".
Cast
Ryan Gosling as Luke Glanton
Bradley Cooper as Avery Cross
Eva Mendes as Romina Gutierrez
Ray Liotta as Peter Deluca
Ben Mendelsohn as Robin Van Der Zee
Rose Byrne as Jennifer Cross
Mahershala Ali as Kofi
Bruce Greenwood as Bill Killcullen
Dane DeHaan as Jason Cankam
Emory Cohen as A. J. Cross
Harris Yulin as Al Cross
Robert Clohessy as Chief Weirzbowski
Olga Merediz as Malena
References
Other websites
2012 crime movies
2012 drama movies
2010s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies set in New York (state)
Movies set in the 1990s
Neoconservatism (Japan)

Neoconservatism in Japan refers to the new generation of Japanese conservatives.
They are nationalistic and think Japan is unique and special.
They think they are not responsible for Japan's conquests and wartime history, Japanese war crimes, the Nanjing Massacre, and the Japanese colonization of Korea.
They want to change the Japanese constitution and remove Article 9. After losing WW2, Japan wrote into its constitution that it is not allowed to wage war. This is Article 9. The USA helped write it because he wanted to prevent Japan from ever attacking the US or any other country like when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
However Japanese neoconservatives want to restore the military in that they want to use the Japanese "Self-Defense" Forces to for more than just "self-defense". But this is against Article 9.
Some like Shinzo Abe have visited the Yasukuni Shrine to honor Japanese soldiers who murdered and raped Koreans, Chinese, and other Asians.
They do not like China and refuse to apologize for Imperial Japan's war crimes.
They do not like Korea either, North or South. They do not think their relationship with Korea is special.
Some like Shintaro Ishihara want fewer immigrants. Some want to ban foreigners from voting, and only "Japanese nationals" should have the right.
References
Politics of Japan
Linstock

A linstock (or lintstock) is a rod or stick that supports a slow match, which was used to light cannons in the early days of artillery. The linstock allowed the gunner to stand farther from the cannon as it was dangerous applying the lighted match to the touch hole at the breech of the gun: not only could the charge flash back, but the recoil of the cannon might send the carriage toward the gunner. Linstocks also had a sharp point to drive into the ground when not in use or to use as a weapon to protect the cannon.
References
Artillery
Moonstruck

Moonstruck is a 1987 American romantic comedy movie directed by Norman Jewison and starring Cher, Olympia Dukakis, Vincent Gardenia, Nicolas Cage, Danny Aiello, John Mahoney, Louis Guss, Julie Bovasso, Anita Gillette. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 6 Oscars and won 3 Academy Awards in 1988.
Other websites
1987 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
MGM movies
Movies directed by Norman Jewison