pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Heartbreaker (song)

"Heartbreaker" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. The song was released on September 21, 1999 in North America as the lead single to her seventh studio album Rainbow (1999). The song samples the 1982 R&B song "Attack of the Name Game" under Stacy Lattisaw. "Heartbreaker" is about a relationship from a female perspective; the protagonist returns to her lover. But her lover constantly cheats on her.
"Heartbreaker" received mixed music reviews from critics. A number of critics felt the song wasn't original in terms of a creative step forward. However, it hit #1 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 and the Canadian Singles Chart.
In the video, Carey played two women: herself and a woman named Bianca. There was a physical fight between these two women in a movie theater.
References
1999 songs
Mariah Carey songs
Jay-Z songs
Hip hop songs
R&B songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Julian Beale

Julian Howard Beale (10 October 1934 - 3 August 2021) was an Australian businessman and politician. He was born in Sydney. He was a member of the Liberal Party. Beale was a member of the House of Representatives from 1984 until 1996.
Beale died on 3 August 2021 at the age of 86.
References
1934 births
2021 deaths
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Politicians from Sydney
Homestead, Pennsylvania

Homestead is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is near the Monongahela River valley. It is southeast of downtown Pittsburgh. The population of Homestead was 3,165 at the 2010 census.
References
Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Machair (TV series)

Machair was a Scottish Gaelic television soap opera produced by Scottish Television Enterprises between January 1993 and April 1999.
Machair was written in English and translated into Gaelic, then given English subtitles and broadcast during primetime. At first, critics thought this process would not work, but when the show aired it got lots of praise from reviewers. Kenneth Roy, television critic of Scotland on Sunday, described it as "A credit to the company (Scottish Television) and a smack in the face to those of us who were doubtful" and after a few episodes said "It is even better than it looked at first glance quite simply the best thing to have happened to television in Scotland for a long time." Audiences liked the show too. Machair got 30% audience share and made it into the Top Ten of programmes viewed in Scotland, even though fewer than 2% of the Scottish population can speak Gaelic. It was nominated for awards for production and writing from The Celtic Film Festival and Writers Guild of Great Britain.
References
Other websites
1993 British television series debuts
1999 television series endings
British soap operas
Scotland in fiction
1999 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1990s establishments in Scotland
Sodium chlorate

Sodium chlorate is a chemical compound. It is a crystalline solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Its chemical formula is NaClO3. It contains sodium and chlorate ions. It is made by electrolysis of a hot sodium chloride solution. It is used as a herbicide. It is toxic because of its oxidizing properties. It is mostly known to be used as non-selective herbicide.
Related pages
Potassium chlorate
Perchlorate
Chlorate
Sodium compounds
Chlorine compounds
Wilbur Brotherton

Wilbur Vernon "Sandy" Brotherton (July 6, 1922 - January 15, 2021) was an American politician. He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1975 to 1988. Brotherton was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Brotherton died on January 15, 2021 in Farmington Hills, Michigan at the age of 98.
References
1922 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Chicago
Politicians from Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Talala, Oklahoma

Talala is a town of Oklahoma in the United States.
Towns in Oklahoma
Seen (Winterthur)

Seen is a district in the city of Winterthur in Switzerland. It is District number 3.
The district has these quarters: Waser, Buelwiesen, Waldegg, Ganzenbuhl, Sonnenberg, Ricketwil, Oberseen, Gotzenwil, Eidberg, Iberg and Sennhof.
Until 1922 it was a municipality on its own. Then it became part of Winterthur.
Former municipalities of Zurich
Winterthur
Darren Fletcher

Darren Fletcher (born 1 February 1984) is a Scottish football player. He plays for Manchester United and Scotland national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="8"|Manchester United||rowspan="8"|Premier League||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||2||0
|-
|2003/04||22||0||5||0||2||0||6||0||35||0
|-
|2004/05||18||3||3||0||3||0||5||0||29||3
|-
|2005/06||27||1||3||0||4||0||7||0||41||1
|-
|2006/07||24||3||6||0||1||0||9||0||40||3
|-
|2007/08||16||0||1||2||0||0||6||0||23||2
|-
|2008/09||26||3||3||0||1||0||8||0||38||3
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
133||10||21||2||11||0||43||0||208||12
133||10||21||2||11||0||43||0||208||12
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2003||4||1
|-
|2004||9||1
|-
|2005||7||1
|-
|2006||7||1
|-
|2007||7||0
|-
|2008||6||0
|-
|2009||6||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||46||4
|}
References
1984 births
Living people
Scottish footballers
People from Midlothian
Lightspeed (company)

Lightspeed POS Inc is a Montreal-based Canadian technology company. Lightspeed sells software to restaurants and small retail businesses. It is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. It has more than seven hundred employees and fourteen international offices. It sells software in about one hundred countries. It was founded in 2005 by Dax da Silva
Dax Dasilva, who is a son of Goan-Ugandan refugees, is the founder and chief executive officer. Dasilva is a strong advocate of diversity in the workplace.
It provides services to 23,000 businesses worldwide, including Adidas, Harman Kardon, Frank And Oak, Roll: Bicycles, and STORY. The company is backed by iNovia Capital and Accel Partners.
History
Lightspeed was founded in 2005, with its headquarters in Montreal. In 2014, the company expanded its customer base to include the hospitality industry.
Lightspeed Payments rolled out on January 30, 2019. In March, the company went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol LSPD.
In 2014, Lightspeed has over 700 employees in Montreal, Toronto, Ghent, Amsterdam, Olympia, London, and New York.
The company generates revenue of $120.6 million with 478.4 million assets in 2020.
On January 7, 2020 Lightspeed POS Inc. Announces the Acquisition of Gastrofix.
On March 12, 2021, a company Vend, New Zealand cloud-based retail software, was bought by Lightspeed POS Inc. for US$350 million.
Awards
Lightspeed won the 5th Annual Innovative Award in August 2012. Lightspeed was ranked by Profit number 61 on its list of "Canada's 200 fastest growing companies.
References
Other websites
Official website
2005 establishments in Canada
Technology companies of Canada
Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
Montreal
Nikita Dragun

Nikita Nguyen (born January 31, 1996) known professionally as Nikita Dragun, is an American YouTuber, make-up artist, and model.
Life
Nikita Dragun was born in Belgium and went to high school in Virginia. She is of Vietnamese and Mexican descent. She came out as a trans woman when she was a teenager. In several of Dragun's YouTube videos, she has spoken openly about her transition.
References
1996 births
Living people
American YouTubers
American models
Entertainers from Virginia
American LGBT people
LGBT models
Transgender people
LGBT businesspeople
Businesspeople from Virginia
Annie (movie)

Annie is a 1982 musical movie based on the Broadway musical play of the same name and Harold Gray's 1924 comic strip characters and concepts. The movie stars Aileen Quinn as Annie, Albert Finney as Daddy Warbucks, Tim Curry, Bernadette Peters, and Carol Burnett. The movie received mixed reviews. Annie (franchise).
Release Dates
Other websites
Movies based on comic book characters
1982 movies
Movies based on plays
1980s family movies
1980s musical movies
American family movies
American musical movies
English-language movies
Movies about child abuse
Movies about abduction
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Movies directed by John Huston
Prince Charles Maurice, Count of Valentinois

Prince Charles Maurice, Count of Valentinois (14 May 1727 - 18 January 1798) was a Monegasque prince and member of the House of Grimaldi. He was known by his title Count of Valentinois. He had a fairly importanmt military career and was also a Grandee of Spain. He is also sometimes referred to as Prince Charles Maurice of Monaco.
Life
Born at the "Hotel Matignon" in Paris, he was the eighth child of the reigning Princess Louise Hippolyte of Monaco and her husband Prince Jacques I. His father was the Duke of Valentinois but the title was given to Charles Maurice to be used as a Count.
His older brother Honore III would later become the next Prince of Monacao when their father died in 1751.
Marriage
Married on 10 November 1749 to Marie Christine de Rouvroy the couple were married in Paris with the express permission of Louis XV of France. They separated in 1766 having had no children together.
Military career
At the age of 18 he partook in the Battle of Fontenoy For his military abilities he was awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece.
References
1727 births
1798 deaths
Earls and countesses
European military people
House of Grimaldi
People from Paris
Reuss (river)

The Reuss is a river in Switzerland. The length is . The drainage basin is . It is the fourth largest river in Switzerland (after the Rhine, Aare and Rhone).
The upper Reuss forms the main valley of the canton of Uri. The course of the lower Reuss runs from Lake Lucerne to where it connects with the Aare at Brugg.
References
Rivers of Switzerland
Valcour Bay

Valcour Bay is a strait between the New York mainland and Valcour Island. It is four miles south from Plattsburgh, New York. The bay was where the Battle of Valcour Island had happened during the American Revolutionary War. On October 11, 1776, the presence of an American fleet on the west shore of Lake Champlain, at Valcour Bay, hampered the British and allowed an American victory at Saratoga a year later, a turning point in the Revolutionary War. In 1961 Valcour Bay was declared a National Historic Landmark.
References
American Revolutionary War
Straits
Geography of New York (state)
John Randolph (actor)

Emanuel Hirsch Cohen, better known by the stage name John Randolph (June 1, 1915 - February 24, 2004) was an American movie, television and stage actor. He was born in New York City, New York.
Randolph died in Hollywood, California from natural causes, aged 88.
1915 births
2004 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Färgelanda

Fargelanda is an urban area in the county of Vastra Gotaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Fargelanda Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Daiki Wakamatsu

Daiki Wakamatsu (born 2 August 1976) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995||Cosmo Oil||Football League||17||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|-
|1996||Cosmo Oil Yokkaichi||Football League||23||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="2"|Football League||29||5||3||2||colspan="2"|-||32||7
|-
|1998||30||6||4||0||colspan="2"|-||34||6
|-
|1998||Shimizu S-Pulse||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="5"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||25||3||1||0||2||0||28||3
|-
|2000||29||2||3||0||1||0||33||2
|-
|2001||8||1||3||0||0||0||11||1
|-
|2002||35||3||2||0||colspan="2"|-||37||3
|-
|2003||J. League 1||14||0||1||0||3||0||18||0
|-
|2004||Omiya Ardija||J. League 2||27||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||28||0
237||21||21||2||6||0||264||23
237||21||21||2||6||0||264||23
1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Aichi Prefecture
Port Edwards, Wisconsin

Port Edwards is a village in Wood County, Wisconsin in the United States.
Villages in Wisconsin
Wood County, Wisconsin
Red Willow County, Nebraska

Red Willow County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 11,055 people lived there. The county seat is McCook. It was founded in 1873.
Geography
The county has a total area of .
Bordering counties
Furnas County, Nebraska (east)
Decatur County, Kansas (south)
Rawlins County, Kansas (southwest)
Hitchcock County, Nebraska (west)
Frontier County, Nebraska (north)
Communities
Bartley
Danbury
Indianola
Lebanon
Marion
McCook (county seat)
Perry
Shippee
References
Other websites
1873 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones made in our adrenal glands. They bind to cell receptors. Glucocorticoids regulate glucose metabolism.
GCs are part of the feedback system for the immune system. They do things like reducing inflammation. They stimulate the creation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbons, such as proteins.
They are important in foetal development, promoting the maturing of the lungs, and are essential for brain development.
More details
Glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor on cells. The newly formed complex moves into the cell nucleus, where it binds to a region on the target genes. This regulates gene expression. This process is referred to as transcriptional activation, or transactivation.
The proteins encoded by these up-regulated genes have a wide range of effects, including, for example:
immunological: anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation or swelling)
metabolic: makes more glucose
A variety of synthetic glucocortisoids have been developed for medical use. In addition to the above two purposes, glucocorticoids play important roles in foetal development, and body fluid homeostasis.
References
Steroid hormones
Angola

Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in southern Africa. It shares borders with Namibia in the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the north, and Zambia in the east. Its west border touches the Atlantic Ocean. Its coastline is 1600 kilometers. Angola's capital is Luanda. The country has many natural resources. Angola is the seventh largest country in Africa. The capital and most populated city of Angola is Luanda.
Angola is a member state of the African Union, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the Latin Union, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone and the Southern African Development Community.
History
Portugal built up its power in Angola from the late 15th to the middle 20th century.
After independence there was a civil war from 1975 to 2002. Cuba and the Soviet Bloc supported the ruling People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). South Africa supported the insurgent National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) until the end of apartheid. The war ended after the rebel leader Jonas Savimbi was killed.
Geography
Angola is the world's twenty-third largest country. Angola is bordered by Namibia to the south, Zambia to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north-east, the Republic of the Congo via the exclave of Cabinda, and the South Atlantic Ocean to the west.
Climate
Angola's average temperature on the coast is in the winter and in the summer. It has two seasons; dry (May to October) and hot rainy (November to April).
Demographics
Angola had a population of 25,789,024 in 2014.
Provinces
Angola is divided into eighteen provinces.
See List of settlements in Angola for the cities and towns in the country.
Related pages
Angola at the Olympics
Angola national football team
List of rivers of Angola
References
Other websites
Portuguese-speaking countries
Least developed countries
1975 establishments in Africa
Cortandone

Cortandone is a comune in the Province of Asti in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
The Year of Living Dangerously (movie)

The Year of Living Dangerously is a 1983 Australian American romantic drama movie. It was based on the novel of the same name by Christopher Koch. It is about a journalist Guy Hamilton (Mel Gibson), who arrives in Jakarta, Indonesia, He has difficulty making contacts. He forms a friendship with dwarf photographer Billy Kwan (Linda Hunt), through whom he meets British diplomat Jill Bryant (Sigourney Weaver). Bryant falls for Hamilton, and she gives him key information about an approaching Communist uprising. As the city becomes more dangerous, Hamilton stays to pursue the story. However, he faces more threats as he gets closer to the government.
1980s war movies
Australian drama movies
Australian romance movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies about journalists
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies set in Australia
Movies set in Indonesia
Movies directed by Peter Weir
Movies composed by Maurice Jarre
1983 romantic drama movies
Unna

Unna is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on an ancient salt-trading route, the Hellweg road.
References
Other websites
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Unna Rural District
Military campaign

A military campaign is a series of battles or operations in a particular area within a certain period of time. Usually, one army is trying to capture the area from another army. A war may have several campaigns.
Campaign
Campaign
Yi Gi

Yi Gi (, hanja:, October 26, 1476 - April 28, 1552) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and writer of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His other name was Gyungjae (gyeongjae, Jing Zhai ), and his Chinese style name was Munjung (munjung, Wen Zhong ). He came from the Deoksu Lee clan (Hangul: deogsuissi, Hanja: De Shui Li Shi ).
nephew of Seong Dam su (seongdamsu) and Seong Dam-nyun (seongdamnyeon). One of the members of Saengyukshin (saengyugsin), and first cousin once removed of Seong Sam-mun (seongsammun). He was one of the members of Sayukshin. He was grand uncle of Yulgok Yi I (yulgog ii). Prime minister of Joseon Dynastys 1549 to 1551.
Other websites
http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=125504
http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=541493
1476 births
1552 deaths
Korean educators
Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Dean of Invention

Dean of Invention is a TV show on Planet Green. The presenters, Dean Kamen and Joanne Colan investigate new inventions.
References
Science and culture
American television series
Gadoni

Gadoni (Adoni) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 795 people lived there. Its area is 43.44 km2. It is 696 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Pike County, Illinois

Pike County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 14,739. The county seat is Pittsfield.
History
Pike County was founded on January 31, 1821 out of Madison County. It was named in honor of Zebulon Pike, leader of the Pike expedition in 1806 to map out the south and west parts of the Louisiana Purchase. Pike served at the Battle of Tippecanoe, and was killed in 1813 in the War of 1812.
References
1821 establishments in Illinois
Illinois counties
Segar Bastard

Segar Richard Bastard (25 January 1854 - 20 March 1921) was an amateur English football player and referee. He played football for Upton Park F.C. and Trojans F.C.. He refereed a number of important matches, including FA Cup finals and Home Nations international matches.
Sources
1854 births
1921 deaths
English footballers
Gordon Williams (footballer)

Gordon Williams (born 22 February 1929) is an English former footballer. He was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
Williams played as a centre forward in the Football League for Sheffield United and Darlington. He made five league appearances for each club and scored once, for Darlington, on 4 November 1950 in a 3-2 home win against Scunthorpe United in the Third Division North.
References
1929 births
Living people
English footballers
John Landis

John Landis (born August 3, 1950) is an American movie director. Landis was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in Los Angeles, California. He started his career working as a mailboy at 20th Century Fox.
Some of his movies are:
The Kentucky Fried Movie
National Lampoon's Animal House
The Blues Brothers
An American Werewolf in London
Trading Places
Into the Night
He directed the music videos for Michael Jackson's "Thriller" and "Black or White". Thriller won the Video Vanguard Award for The Greatest Video in the History of the World.
Other websites
1950 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie directors from Chicago
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Movie producers from Chicago
Screenwriters from Chicago
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Johnny Apollo (movie)

Johnny Apollo is a 1940 American crime drama movie directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Tyrone Power, Dorothy Lamour, Edward Arnold, Lloyd Nolan. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1940 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies directed by Henry Hathaway
20th Century Fox movies
Takanori Nunobe

Takanori Nunobe (born 23 September 1973) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|1996||8||0||2||0||11||5||21||5
|-
|1997||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||Jubilo Iwata||J. League 1||11||2||2||0||4||0||17||2
|-
|1998||rowspan="4"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||31||2||2||1||4||0||37||3
|-
|1999||29||2||1||0||2||1||32||3
|-
|2000||30||6||4||0||4||2||38||8
|-
|2001||15||1||0||0||4||2||19||3
|-
|2001||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||7||0||1||0||0||0||8||0
|-
|2002||J. League 2||34||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||26||3||5||0||4||1||35||4
|-
|2004||28||0||1||0||5||0||34||0
|-
|2005||24||1||2||0||7||0||33||1
|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 1||22||3||0||0||4||0||26||3
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||44||7||2||0||colspan="2"|-||46||7
|-
|2008||32||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||1
344||28||27||1||49||11||420||40
344||28||27||1||49||11||420||40
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
New York State Legislature

The New York State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of New York. It is made up of two houses: the New York State Assembly (lower house) and the New York State Senate (upper house). It meets at the New York State Capitol in Albany, New York.
Session laws passed by the Legislature are published in the official Laws of New York.
The Democratic Party currently controls both houses of the legislature.
References
Government of New York (state)
State legislatures of the United States
Bicameral legislatures
Women in the American Revolution

Women had many roles in the American Revolution.
Some were "Camp followers" equivalent to Military service Units (food, nursing, repairing clothing, etc). Many helped organize boycotts of British goods.
Others took a more active role:
Ann Hennis Trotter Bailey
Margaret Corbin
Nancy Hart
Sybil Ludington
Molly Pitcher
Deborah Sampson
American Revolutionary War
Women
Frontenac, Missouri

Frontenac is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Reactivity (chemistry)

Reactivity is a measure of how much a substance tends to react with other things. Some substances are more reactive, and others are less reactive. Reactivity is set by several factors:
the range of circumstances (conditions that include temperature, pressure, or presence of catalysts) in which the substance reacts,
the range of substances that will react with it,
the equilibrium point of the reaction (that is, the extent to which all of it reacts), or
the speed of the reaction.
Reactivity involves both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the particular chemical reaction. A reaction will be more reactive if the total energy of the products is less than the total energy of the reactants. A reaction will be more reactive if the energy of its transition is low.
Lithium reacts with water and air. Gold does not react with water or air. Gold is unreactive, thus low on the reactivity series. Lithium is reactive. There are several ways to measure reactivity. Some are reducing agents, and others can be oxidizing agents. Some absorb water easily. Some break down easily.
References
Chemistry
Untrasried

Untrasried is a municipality in Ostallgau in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Ostallgau
Laholm Municipality

Laholm Municipality () is a municipality in Halland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Laholm.
References
Other websites
Laholm Municipality
Municipalities of Halland County
Coal burner

A coal burner is a device that burns fine coal which has been ground into smaller particles.
Use
Annealing
Boiler heat provider
Cement kiln
Furnace
Hot mix asphalt plant
Quenching furnace
Related pages
Burner
Oil burner
Gas burner
Boiler
Heater
Engineering
Billy Cox

Billy Cox is a bassist, best known for playing with guitarist Jimi Hendrix. He was born in West Virginia.
Billy first met Hendrix in the early part of the 1960s, when they were both in the United States Army. Cox played with Hendrix in an R&B band called the King Kasuals. The two played at clubs in Nashville, Tennessee. While in England, Hendrix asked Cox to join him in a new band; Cox said no. The spot instead went to Noel Redding.
They met again in 1969, when Hendrix asked on Cox to play bass in the experimental band "Band of Gypsys".
Billy Cox also played at Woodstock.
In 1971 Cox released his album Nitro Function.
Other websites
Billy Cox
Biography
1941 births
Living people
Military people from West Virginia
American guitarists
Musicians from West Virginia
Bassists
Spread spectrum

Spread spectrum is a method in radio and other kinds of telecommunication. Its purpose is to overcome interference, noise and jamming of signals.
Sending radio wave signals through the air became possible in the later 19th century with wireless telegraphy. The fact that signals were affected by natural interference was soon discovered. By the early 1900s, wireless telegraphy could cross the Atlantic. Intercepting the enemy's radio communications and interfering with their transmission was important in World War II. Messages in code were intercepted and recorded for decryption and translation. Not only can radio signals be detected, but those listening can be detected, since radio receivers also emit a signal.
Above all, since radio direction-finding is widely used in civil and military aviation, ways are needed to reduce interference with these transmissions. The main method is spread spectrum. Spread spectrum systems transmit the message using a bandwidth that is wider than the bandwidth actually needed by the message signal. This spreading of the transmitted signal over a large bandwidth make the resulting wideband signal appear as a noise signal. This resists intentional and unintentional interference with the transmitted signal.
Direct-sequence spread spectrum transmits the messages and adds chips of noise to the message. The sequence of chips produced by the transmitter is already known by the receiver. The receiver uses the same pseudonoise (PN) sequence to reconstruct the information signal. Benefits:
It resists intended or unintended jamming
It shares a single channel among multiple users
It reduces the signal/background-noise level: this hampers interception
Determines the relative timing between transmitter and receiver
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum transmits radio signals by rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency channels. It uses a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter and receiver. Its benefits are:
Spread-spectrum signals can resist narrowband interference.
Spread-spectrum signals are difficult to intercept. A spread-spectrum signal may simply look like an increase in the background noise to a narrowband receiver.
Spread-spectrum transmissions can share a frequency band with many types of conventional transmissions with little interference.
Military users can generate the channel sequence with a transmission security key (TRANSEC) that the sender and receiver share in advance. For such critical uses, spread spectrum methods alone do not give enough security.
References
Radio technology
Jerry Stackhouse

Jerry Stackhouse (born November 5, 1974) is a NBA basketball player who is currently playing for the Atlanta Hawks. Before that, he played with the Philadelphia 76ers, Detroit Pistons, Washington Wizards, Dallas Mavericks, Milwaukee Bucks and Miami Heat. He went to the University of North Carolina. His jersey number is 42. He plays the forward guard position. He is 6'6 and weighs 218 pounds. He is a 15 year pro in the NBA. In the 2000-01 season, when he played for the Pistons, he scored more points than anyone else in the league.
Other websites
NBA profile
Career stats
1974 births
Living people
Atlanta Hawks players
Dallas Mavericks players
Detroit Pistons players
Miami Heat players
Milwaukee Bucks players
Philadelphia 76ers players
Washington Wizards players
Sportspeople from North Carolina
Torcy-le-Petit, Aube

Torcy-le-Petit is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
Communes in Aube
Crown colony

A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire. Crown, or royal colonies were ruled by a governor which is decided by the Monarch. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the Sovereign appointed royal governors on the advice of the Secretary of State for the Colonies. Under the name of "royal colony", the first of what would later become known as Crown colonies was the English Colony of Virginia. This happened in 1624 after the Crown removed the Royal Charter it had given to the Virginia Company.
Until the mid-nineteenth century, the term "Crown Colony" was only used to refer to those colonies which had been obtain through wars. Examples were Trinidad and Tobago, British Guiana, and the colonies of settlement, such as The Canadas, Newfoundland, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, and New Zealand, later to become the Dominions. The term continued to be used up until 1981, when the British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified the remaining British colonies as "British Dependent Territories". From 2002 they have been known as British Overseas Territories.
List of Crown colonies
Related pages
Crown dependency
British overseas territories
British Empire
Notes
References
Colonialism
Watts riots

The Watts riots was a race riot which lasted 6 days in August 1965 in Watts part of Los Angeles, California. 34 people died, 1,032 were hurt, and 3,438 went to jail. It was the worst riot in Los Angeles history until the 1992 Los Angeles riots.
More reading
Cohen, Jerry and William S. Murphy, Burn, Baby, Burn! The Los Angeles Race Riot, August 1965, New York: Dutton, 1966.
Conot, Robert, Rivers of Blood, Years of Darkness, New York: Bantam, 1967.
Guy Debord, Decline and Fall of the Spectacle-Commodity Economy, 1965. A situationist interpretation of the riots
Horne, Gerald, Fire This
Violence in the City--An End or a Beginning?, A Report by the Governor's Commission on the Los Angeles Riots, 1965, John McCone, Chairman, Warren M. Christopher, Vice Chairman. Official Report online David O' Sears The politics of violence: The new urban Blacks and the Watts riot Clayton D. Clingan Watts Riots Paul Bullock Watts: The Aftermath New York: Grove Press, Inc., 1969
Johny Otis Listen to the Lambs''. New York: W.W. Norton and Co.. 1968
Other websites
https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/times/times_watts.html
1965 in the United States
1960s in Los Angeles, California
1960s riots
African-American history
Civil rights
Crime in California
Riots in the United States
August events
Walter Korpi

Walter Korpi (Koutojarvi, Sweden, 1934 ) is a Swedish sociologist. Together with the Swedish politician and sociologist Joakim Palme, they wrote the work "The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality", wich has some detractors about its principles.
Education
He entered Stockholm University in 1958 and received a degree in philosophy from Stockholm University four years later. He also studied at the University of Colorado at Boulder between 1955 and 1956.
Academic and professional career
From 1959 to 1964 he worked as a sociologist at the Militarpsykologiska institutet (Institute of Military Psychology) and from 1965 to 1966 at the Swedish Metalworkers Union. He then worked as an associate professor in the Department of Sociology at Stockholm University (1966-1968). He then worked as a professor of sociology at Umea University until 1969 until he returned to the previous university as a professor of sociology until 1972. Since 1972 he became a professor of social policy and continues to do so until then.
At the beginning, als anys siixanta, Korpi who was at the Institute of Military Psychology is going to focus above all on the attitudes and the welfare of the exercit. The publication Social Pressures and Attitudes in Military Training stands out, the thesis that is going to present what it is worth to license in 1962 in sociology. From the anys setanta, it is going to focus mainly on labor disputes and classes and, to a lesser extent, assistance research.
Publications
The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality and Poverty in the Western Countries "(with Joakim Palme). American Sociological Review, 63 (661-687), 1998
The Working Class in Welfare Capitalism. Work, Unions and Politics in Sweden. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978.
Korpi, W. (1980) 'Social Policy and Distributional Conflict in the Capitalist Democracies. A Preliminary Comparative Framework ', West European Politics, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 296-316.
Awards
Some of the most outstanding awards or recognitions:
1978 C. Wright Mills Award for The Working Class in Welfare Capitalism: Work, Unions and Politics in Sweden
1990 Statistical Award from the Swedish Statistical Association for the article Sweden is left behind? The economic growth of Suencia 1820-1990 in a comparative perspective. (originally, in Swedish; Halkar Sverige efter? Sveriges ekonomiska tillvaxt 18201990 and jamforande belysning
Doctor Honoris Causa 2000 from the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Turku, Finland .
References
Living people
European sociologists
Swedish academics
1934 births
Ghilarza

Ghilarza (Ilartzi) is a town and a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 4,481 people lived there. Its area is 55.46 km2. It is 290 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That

The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! is a Canadian/British/American TV show. It airs on PBS Kids. It first aired on August 7, 2010 in the United States. It aired its final episode on November 3, 2018. It is based on the The Cat in the Hat books.
References
PBS Kids shows
2010 American television series debuts
2018 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Buner District

Buner District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The major language spoken in the region is Pashto. Most people are Muslim who follow Islam.
Tehsils of Bunner
Bunner Tehsil
Daggar Tehsil
Gadezai Tehsil
Gagra Tehsil
Chagharzai Tehsil
Chamla Tehsil
Totalai Tehsil
Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Charmoy, Yonne

Charmoy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Woodham Mortimer

Woodham Mortimer is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 502 people living in Woodham Mortimer.
References
GENUKI
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Nowthen, Minnesota

Nowthen is a city in Anoka County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Wharton, Texas

Wharton is a city in and the county seat of Wharton County, Texas, United States. This city is southwest of Houston. The population was 8,832 at the 2010 census.
References
County seats in Texas
Cities in Texas
Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that studies the relations between, heat, temperature, and energy. A branch of math called statistics is often used in thermodynamics to look at the motion of particles.
Thermodynamics is useful because it helps us understand how the world of the very small atoms connects to the large scale world we see everyday.
Thermodynamics also has two main branches called classical thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics. An important idea in thermodynamics is that of a thermodynamic system.
An example of a thermodynamic system is a brick. A brick is made up of many atoms which all have their own properties. All thermodynamic systems have two kinds of properties, extensive and intensive. For the brick, the extensive properties are the ones you get by adding up all the atoms. Things like the volume, energy, mass, and charge are extensive because two of the same brick put together have twice as much mass as one brick. The intensive properties of the brick are the ones you get by looking at the average over all atoms. Things like temperature, pressure, and density are intensive because two of the same brick still has the same temperature as one brick alone.
Laws of thermodynamics
There are four laws of thermodynamics that say how energy can be moved between two objects in the form of heat. The laws of Thermodynamics point out how the energy in a system changes and if the system can work well with its surroundings.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
If two systems have equal heat flow back and forth and one of the two systems has equal heat flow back and forth with another system, all three systems have equal heat flow with each other.
First law of thermodynamics
An increase in energy in a system is the same as the energy given to a system in the form of heat or work. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed. The amount of energy given to a system is the same amount of energy taken from the surroundings.
Second law of thermodynamics
Given a pair of systems touching with different temperatures, heat will flow from hot to cold until the temperature of the systems becomes equal.
Third law of thermodynamics
When a system has a temperature of 0 kelvin, absolute zero (the lowest temperature), the entropy (energy that cannot be used to do work) is at 0.
Uses of thermodynamics
Earlier, thermodynamics was studied to make steam engines work better. Now, ideas from thermodynamics are used in everything from making engines to studying black holes.
Scientists use thermodynamics for many reasons. One is to make better engines and refrigerators. Another is to understand the properties of everyday materials so that they can make them stronger in the future. Thermodynamics is also used in chemistry to explain which reactions will work and which will not (this study is known as chemical kinetics). Thermodynamics is powerful because simple models for atoms work well in explaining the properties of large systems like bricks.
References
Related pages
Physics
Richard Fulton

Richard Harmon "Dick" Fulton (January 27, 1927 - November 28, 2018) was a Democratic politician. He served as a member of the Tennessee State Senate and of the United States House of Representatives, and the second mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville, Tennessee.
Fulton died on November 28, 2018 under hospice care in Nashville at the age of 91.
References
Other websites
1927 births
2018 deaths
United States representatives from Tennessee
Mayors of Nashville, Tennessee
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Software Development Kit

A software development kit (SDK or "devkit") is usually a set of development tools that allows a software developer to create applications for a certain software package, software framework, hardware platform, computer system, video game console, operating system, or similar platform.
SDKs vary greatly between a simple application programming interface to hardware used to simulate a system.
Software
Jean Cottard

Jean Cottard (14 July 1926 - 1 December 2020) was a French fencer. He earned his Master of Arms at Fort Carre in 1949. He became the first National Technical Director of France in 1964. He was a member of the French Federation of Fencing from 1988 until his death. Cottard was born in Paris.
Cottard died on 1 December 2020 in Antibes, France at the age of 94.
References
1926 births
2020 deaths
Fencers
Sportspeople from Paris
Superman III

Superman III is a 1983 superhero movie directed by Richard Lester from a screenplay by David Newman and Leslie Newman. It is based on the DC Comics character Superman. It is the third movie in the Superman movie series. It stars Christopher Reeve, Richard Pryor, Jackie Cooper, Marc McClure, Annette O'Toole, Annie Ross, Pamela Stephenson, Robert Vaughn, and Margot Kidder.
A sequel, Superman IV: The Quest for Peace, was released in July 1987.
References
Superman movies
Swae Lee

Khalif Malik Ibn Shaman Brown (born June 7, 1993), known professionally as Swae Lee, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. A nominee of five Grammy Awards, he is one half of the hip hop duo Rae Sremmurd.
1993 births
Living people
Pop rappers
African-American rappers
Singers from California
Rappers from California
Trap musicians
Saïd Bouhadja

Said Bouhadja (22 April 1938 - 25 November 2020) was an Algerian politician. He was a member of the National Liberation Front. He was born in Skikda, Algeria. From 2017 until his death, he was a member of the People's National Assembly from 2017 until his death. He was the president of the assembly from 2017 until 2018.
He unsuccessfully ran for President of Algeria in 2019.
Bouhadja died on 25 November 2020 in Algiers, aged 82.
References
1938 births
2020 deaths
Algerian politicians
Hanshan County

Hanshan is a county in the province of Anhui in China. It has a population of 440,000 people.
counties of China
Anhui
Hazel Ouwehand

Vanessa Hazel Ouwehand is a swimmer from New Zealand. Vanessa competed at the 2018 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m).
References
Other websites
1999 births
Living people
New Zealand swimmers
Henry Coke Morgan Jr.

Henry Coke Morgan Jr. (February 8, 1935 - May 1, 2022) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia from 1992 until his death. Morgan Jr. was born in Norfolk, Virginia. In 1991, he was nominated to the court by President George H. W. Bush.
Morgan Jr. died on May 1, 2022 in Virginia Beach, Virginia at the age of 87.
References
1935 births
2022 deaths
Lawyers from Virginia
Politicians from Virginia
American judges
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Luis Raymond Villafuerte

Luis Raymond Villafuerte is a politician from the Philippines. He is the son of former governor Luis Villafuerte Sr.
1968 births
Living people
Filipino politicians
People from Quezon City
Telehit Música

Telehit Musica (formerly Ritmoson, shortened for branding purposes to RMS, and Telehit Urbano) is a Spanish American music video channel. It is a part of Televisa Networks, owned by Televisa.They are the world's largest Spanish language broadcaster. In addition to its broadcast channel, RMS hosted the Orgullosamente Latino Awards. As with most of Televisa's networks, it is distributed in the United States by Univision Communications.
References
Economy of Mexico
Television channels in North America
Bermicourt

Bermicourt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Hatch, New Mexico

Hatch is a village in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,648 at the 2010 census.
References
Other websites
Village of Hatch official website
Villages in New Mexico
Dyke (slang)

The term dyke is a slang term. It is used as a noun for lesbians. It is also used as an adjective for things related to lesbianism. It began as a homophobic and misogynistic term on par with the word faggot, Dyke means a masculine or manly girl or woman.
The origin of the term dyke is obscure. Many theories have come out. Most theories tell that dyke comes off the word bulldyke, which has a similar meaning.
From the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, dike had been American slang for the well-dressed man. Diked out and out on the dike meant a young man was in his best clothes.
The word dyke was used in the 1950s as a derogatory term for lesbians by straight people. But it was also used by lesbians of higher social status to mean crude and rough-bar lesbians.
Facebook controversy
Facebook censored use of the word dyke as "abusive content" in June 2017 on its website. The decision triggered a Change.org protest petition created by the Listening 2 Lesbians collective. It was signed by 7,247 supporters.
Dyke Marches have become popular gay pride events in the United States and Canada. They also happen in Europe, including London and Berlin, as well as across Mexico.
References
LGBT in the United States
LGBT in the United Kingdom
Gay slang
Pejoratives
English profanity
Homophobia
Slurs
Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a hormone. It is a steroid which is made in the body under the right conditions. To make it, the body needs sunlight, which acts on the lower layers of the skin.
However, if the body does not make enough, it can be found from food sources in tiny amounts. In fact, many countries add it automatically to certain foods like milk. Supplements can be easily found in most developed countries.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient. This means that any portion not used immediately is stored in fat tissue for future use.
What it does
As a hormone, Vitamin D does many things in the body. It was first discovered as the substance which could prevent and cure rickets. It controls the levels of calcium ions and phosphates in the blood, as well as calcium and magnesium absorption in the intestines. It helps bones grow and form. It is also good for the immune system.
Different kinds
In total, there are 5 different forms, D1 to D5. The most common ones are D2 and D3 (see images).
D3 (also called cholecalciferol) is the kind produced by the body. It is also found naturally in marine oils and in lanolin (oil from sheep's wool), the most common source for supplements.
D2 (also called ergocalciferol) is produced by fungi. It is similar to D3, but not exactly the same.
Getting enough
D3 is made in the skin from cholesterol, and changed into a more active form by the liver. However, the skin will not make it unless enough ultraviolet light shines on it. As sunlight contains ultraviolet light, getting enough sun is one way of getting enough D3.
Many things can keep the skin from making enough D3. Winter sunlight may be too weak. Melanin, which protects skin from damage, also keeps it from making D3, which is why people with darker skin are more prone to deficiency. Older people are also prone, because aging skin makes less D3, even with enough sunlight. Clothing, glass, sunscreens and sunblocks also shield the skin from getting enough ultraviolet light to make D3.
It is hard to know how much supplemental Vitamin D, if any, is needed. Less than 25 micrograms (1000 IU) per day, but up to 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day is considered safe. A recent panel of Vitamin D researchers concluded that at least 20-25 mcg (800-1000 IU) per day would help most adults.
Few foods naturally contain much D3. Fish do, especially oily ones, such as salmon, sardine and mackerel. Many kinds of edible mushrooms contain some D2, like shiitake. Mushrooms grown in full sunlight tend to have more.
References
Other websites
Benefits and sources of Vitamin D
Benefits of Vitamin D
Factsheet on Vitamin D
FDA takes Vitamin D drugs and feeds them to prisoners
Fat-soluble vitamins
Steroid hormones
Daria Nicolodi

Daria Nicolodi (19 June 1950 - 26 November 2020) was an Italian actress, producer and screenwriter. She was born in Florence, Italy. Her career began in 1970.
Her best known roles were in Deep Red (1975), Inferno (1980), Tenebrae (1982), Phenomena (1985), and Opera (1987).
From 1974 until 1985, she was in a relationship with Dario Argento. They had two children; including actress Asia Argento.
Nicolodi died on 26 November 2020 in Rome at the age of 70.
References
1950 births
2020 deaths
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian stage actors
Italian screenwriters
Italian movie producers
Actors from Florence