pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jasper, Arkansas

Jasper is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Flag of East Turkestan

The flag of East Turkestan (), also known as the Kokbayraq ("sky flag"), was the national flag of the First East Turkestan Republic (1933-1934). The East Turkestan Flag has a white crescent (young waning moon) with a five pointed star on blue background, it was adopted on 12 November 1933 as the national flag of East Turkestan during Declaration of the Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan. With the exception of the blue background, the flag is identical to the Flag of Turkey.
Usage
In modern times it is popularly used as a symbol of the East Turkestan independence movement and used by the East Turkistan Government in Exile as the national flag of East Turkestan. It is actively used by Uyghur / East Turkistani activists in protests against China's genocide of Uyghurs and the re-education camp system in Xinjiang.
The light blue colour (background) is taken from the colour of the sky and is a predominant colour in Turkic culture that represents the sky, essentially the blue represents Turkic peoples. The crescent represents the notion of being victorious (un-defeatable) and is not necessarily an Islamic symbol, in-fact it was the Turks that introduced the crescent into the Islamic world. The star represents the Turkic nation, it is also found on the flag of the White Hun (Hephthalite) Empire and various other Turkic empires and states.
Related pages
East Turkestan independence movement
Flag of Pakistan
Flag of Afghanistan
Flag of Turkey
References
East Turkestan independence movement
Turkestan
Xinjiang
Saint-Jammes

Saint-Jammes is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Other websites
Town hall website
Saint-Jammes
Cytosine

Cytosine is one of the 5 main nucleobases used in storing and transporting genetic information within a cell in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.
In DNA and RNA, cytosine is paired with guanine. However, it is unstable, and can change into uracil. This can lead to a point mutation if not repaired. The DNA repair enzymes, such as uracil glycosylase, cuts uracil in DNA.
Cytosine is the centre of modern genetic research into epigenetics. Methyl groups added to cytosine change the action of genes during lifetime. These changes are not inherited.
References
Other websites
Computational Chemistry Wiki
Organonitrogen compounds
DNA
Epigenetics
John Konesky

John S. Konesky (born November 19, 1980) is an American guitarist, record producer, and occasional actor.
Other websites
Tenacious D Official website
Trainwreck Official website
Trainwreck on Myspace
An interview with John Spiker and John Konesky (under the pseudonyms of Boy Johnny and John Bartholomew Shredman)
1980 births
Living people
American rock guitarists
Musicians from Columbus, Ohio
Christina Schwenkel

Christina Schwenkel is an American anthropologist and historian. She is an associate professor at University of California, Riverside. She is co-editor of Journal of Vietnamese Studies. She won a Berlin Prize.
Her work appeared in Sense.
Works
The American War in Contemporary Vietnam: Transnational Remembrance and Representation Indiana University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-253-22076-9
References
American anthropologists
American editors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Edsbyn

Edsbyn is an urban area in the county of Gavleborg in Sweden. It is in the Ovanaker Municipality. Edsbyn is the home of the sports club Edsbyns IF, which has won several Swedish national men's bandy championship titles.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Gavleborg County
White Shadow (movie)

White Shadow is a 2013 drama movie. It was written, made, and directed by Noaz Deshe. The people working on the movie were in Germany, Italy and Tanzania. The movie was first shown during Critics' Week at the 70th Venice International Film Festival on September 2, 2013. It won a prize called the Lion of the Future Award at that festival. It is about an albino.
Other websites
Official website
Official website
2013 drama movies
German drama movies
Italian drama movies
Whitewash

Whitewash, also called calcimine, kalsomine, calsomine, or lime paint, is a type of paint.
Whitewash is made of slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and chalk (calcium carbonate). It is used to make surfaces white. It protects and presents a clean surface. Whitewash may be used to paint the outsides and the insides of homes and other buildings.
Other things may be added to whitewash, such as water glass (sodium silicate), glue, egg white, Portland cement, salt, soap, milk, flour, and soil. To change the colour of whitewash, people used different materials. For example, pig's blood was used to make whitewash pink, and blue laundry dye was used to make whitewash blue.
Paints
Kumbakonam

Kumbakonam is a town in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, India. This town is the headquarters of the Kumbakonam taluk of Thanjavur district. The town is surrounded by two rivers, the Kaveri River to the north and Arasalar River to the south. Kumbakonam is known as a "temple town". This is because more numbers of Hindu Temples are built in Kumbakonam. The Mahamaham festival held (celebrated) in this town is famous throughout the country. In history, Kumbakonam was ruled by the Early Cholas, Pallavas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks and the Thanjavur Marathas. This town served as a capital of the Medieval Cholas.
Population
According to 2011 census, Kumbakonam had a population of 140,156. This town has a sex-ratio of 1,021 females for every 1,000 males. The average literacy of the town is 83.21%.
Kumbakonam has a strong Hindu majority. But it too has Muslim and Christian populations.
References
Further reading
References
Other websites
Thanjavur district
Towns in India
In Through the Out Door

In Through the Out Door is the eighth studio album by English heavy metal band Led Zeppelin through Atlantic Records.
1979 albums
Sleeping Bag (song)

"Sleeping Bag" is a 1985 song by ZZ Top and is the leading single from their ninth studio album Afterburner. It went to number 8 in the United States, number 14 in Ireland, number 36 in Australia, number 18 in Canada, number 13 in both New Zealand and Sweden and number 40 in Germany. It was featured in the 2017 movie I, Tonya.
Track listing
7" single
"Sleeping Bag" - 4:02
"Party on the Patio" - 2:48
12" maxi-single
"Sleeping Bag (Extended Mix)" - 6:12
"Party on the Patio" - 2:48
References
1985 songs
ZZ Top songs
Rock songs
Synth rock songs
Hourglass tree frog

The hourglass tree frog (Dendropsophus ebraccatus) is a frog that lives in Mexico, Colombia, Belize and Nicaragua. Scientists have seen it as high as 1600 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog is 23.63 to 26.75 mm long from nose to rear end and the largest adult female frogs are 36.5 mm long. Frogs that live high up in the hills are larger than frogs that live low and close to the ocean. This frog's head is wider than its body. It has yellow skin and a brown pattern on its back that look like an hourglass.
Male frogs sing for females after it rains. The rain creates pools of water that are not there during the dry season. The males sit on plants high above the pools and sing so the females will come to them. There are also "sneaker males" who sit between the pools and the singing males so the females will meet them first.
The females lay 180 to 300 eggs at a time. Most frogs can lay eggs either on land or in water but not both. However, the hourglass tree frog can lay eggs on both. If the pool is in the sun, the female frog will lay her eggs on a piece of plant under the surface of the water so that they don't dry out. If the pool is in the shade, she will lay her eggs near the water so that the tadpoles fall into it after they hatch. For example, she may lay her eggs on a leaf on a branch hanging over the water. If she lays eggs in the water, fish might eat them. If she lays eggs on a leaf, wasps, ants or spiders might eat them.
The tadpoles can be 6.72 to 7.47 mm long when they first hatch and they can grow to 2.9 cm. They eat algae and hide in underwater plants.
The nematode worm parasite Cosmocerca parva can infect this frog.
This frog does not get very sick from the chytridiomycosis fungal disease the way many other frogs do. Scientists found that the microbiota of hourglass tree frogs, which is all the bacteria and other microorganisms that live on and in the frog's body, is different from the microbiota of other frogs. Scientists think this might protect the hourglass tree frog from chytridiomycosis but they are not sure.
Scientists and students use the hourglass tree frog as a test animal because it is not endangered and because it can lay eggs on land or in water. Humans also keep these frogs as pets.
References
Frogs of South America
Rocky Mount, Virginia

Rocky Mount, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
County seats in Virginia
List of mathematical symbols

The list below has some of the most common symbols in mathematics. However, these symbols can have other meanings in different contexts other than math.
Related page
Mathematical constant
Other websites
Mathematical Symbols -- Math Vault
Math Symbols List -- RapidTables
Symbols
Symbols
Mathematical notation
Sean Casten

Sean Casten (born November 23, 1971) is an American scientist, clean energy entrepreneur, and politician. He is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 6th district since January 3, 2019.
He was the Democratic Party's nominee for the House of Representatives for Illinois' 6th District in the 2018 election, and won the election on November 6, 2018.
References
1971 births
Living people
United States representatives from Illinois
Scientists from Illinois
Businesspeople from Illinois
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Daniel Llambrich Gabriel

Daniel Llambrich Gabriel (born March 14, 1975 in Barcelona) is a swimmer from Spain. He has a disability: he has vision problems and is an S12/B2 type swimmer. His job in 2008 was working as a coupon seller. He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the 4 x 100 meter 49 points medley relay. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.
References
Spanish swimmers
Living people
1975 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Sportspeople from Barcelona
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Pays-d'Enhaut District

The Pays-d'Enhaut District was a district of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The seat of the district was the municipality of Chateau-d'OEx.
As of 2006 it is part of the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District.
Cercle de Chateau-d'OEx
Chateau-d'OEx
Cercle de Rougemont
Rossiniere
Rougemont
Former districts of Vaud
Steele Hall

Raymond Steele Hall (born 30 November 1928) is an Australian politician. He was the 36th Premier of South Australia from 1968 to 1970. He also was a senator for South Australia from 1974 to 1977, and federal member for the Division of Boothby from 1981 to 1996.
References
Felicia: The Political Memoirs of Don Dunstan, D. Dunstan (1981), MacMillan, South Melbourne.
The Flinders history of South Australia. Political history, ed. D. Jaensch, 1986, Wakefield Press, Netley, South Australia.
Playford's South Australia : essays on the history of South Australia, 1933-1968, ed. B. O'Neil, J. Raftery & K. Round. 1996, Association of Professional Historians, Adelaide.
Other websites
Parliament Profile
1928 births
Living people
Premiers of South Australia
Leptin

Leptin is a hormone made by cells in fat tissue that reduces hunger. That helps the energy balance in the body.
Leptin is opposed by the actions of the hormone ghrelin, the "hunger hormone". Both hormones act on receptors in the hypothalamus. They adjust appetite to get energy homeostasis.
In obesity, a decreased sensitivity to leptin comes up. This leads to a feeling of hunger, despite high energy stores.
Although regulation of fat stores is the primary function of leptin, it also plays a role in other physiological processes. These additional functions are still being studied.
Leptin was recently discovered in 1994 by Jeffrey M. Friedman and colleagues at Rockefeller University. Its discovery is important in the study of obesity which has become a problem in western society. The importance of leptin was discovered through experiments done on mice in a laboratory. Scientists found that mice who had more leptin in their bodies were thinner and didn't need to eat as much. Leptin levels can be increased by reducing stress and having quality or restful sleep.
Related pages
Peptide hormone
References
Hormones
Proteins
Pomarance

Pomarance is a comune in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region of Tuscany.
References
Settlements in Tuscany
Star Pravah

Star Pravah is an Indian pay television GEC that was launched on 24 November 2008 by Star India and wholly owned by The Walt Disney Company India. On 1 May 2016, the high-definition feed of the channel named Star Pravah HD was launched.
Programming
Lagnachi Bedi - Mon-Sat 1 pm
Muramba - Mon-Sat 1.30 pm
Shubhvivah - Mon-Sat 2 pm
Man Dhaga Dhaga Jodate Nava - Mon-Sat 6.30 pm
Kunya Rajachi Ga Tu Rani - Mon-Sat 7 pm
Aai Kuthe Kay Karte! - Mon-Sat 7.30 pm
Premachi Goshta - Mon-Sat 8 pm
Tharla Tar Mag! - Mon-Sat 8.30 pm
Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe - Mon-Fri 9 pm
Me Honar Superstar Chhote Ustad 2 - Sat-Sun 9 pm
Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta! - Mon-Fri 9.30 pm
Thipkyanchi Rangoli - Mon-Sat 10 pm
Aboli - Mon-Sat 10.30 pm
Pinkicha Vijay Aso! - Mon-Sat 11 pm
Former Programming
Rang Majha Vegla
Sahakutumb Sahaparivar
Phulala Sugandh Maticha
Mulgi Zali Ho
Sang Tu Aahes Ka?
Swabhiman - Shodh Astitvacha
References
Television channels in India
2008 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in India
Donald L. Tucker

Donald Leonard Tucker (July 23, 1935 - September 24, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Tallahassee, Florida. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives between 1966 through 1978 and between 1975 through 1978, he was Speaker of the House. Tucker was a member of the Democratic Party.
Tucker died on September 24, 2019 at his Tallahassee home of cancer at the age of 84.
References
1935 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in Florida
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Florida
People from Tallahassee, Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Sota Kasahara

Sota Kasahara (born 9 May 1976) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||Otsuka Pharmaceuticals||Football League||18||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||30||3
|-
|2001||0||0
48||3
48||3
|}
1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Gunma Prefecture
Jacqueline White

Jacqueline Jane White (born November 27, 1922) is an American actress. She is best known her appearances in Crossfire and The Narrow Margin. She worked for both MGM and RKO in the 1940s and 1950s.
References
1922 births
Living people
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from Beverly Hills, California
Sign

A sign is something you see (or hear) which means something. A sign may be natural or man-made.
A natural sign shows something significant. Leaves turn brown and fall off deciduous trees in the autumn. Temperatures drop, daylight hours shorten. It suggests winter is coming. Many birds migrate and some mammals hibernate in response to natural signs like these. Humans, as usual, are a bit different. They make their own signs.
A man-made sign is called a signal or symbol. It is an artificial thing, which people decide means something in their society. For example, the stop sign on the road tells the person that they must stop their car there. So does a red traffic light. They are signals with a legal meaning, and people learn what these meanings are.
Sometimes a person may not know what a sign means. Feeling a cold wind could be a sign that someone left a door or window open.
In medicine, a sign is something seen, whereas a symptom is something felt, like a pain. A sign might be something like high blood pressure, which can be measured.
Road signs
A road sign or traffic sign is something that gives information by means of a symbol, or in only 1 or 2 words. It helps people in their vehicles on the road. Some signs include: Give way, Stop, Keep left, No U-turn, no parking, Zebra crossing and much more. Signs are very useful. Without signs and traffic lights there would be many accidents and arguments on the road.
References
Basic English 850 words
Human communication
Semiotics
Malone (village), New York

Malone is a village in, and the county seat of, Franklin County, New York, United States. Its population was 5,911 at the 2010 census. The village is in the town of Malone. It is home to a campus of North Country Community College.
References
Villages in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
John van Vliet

Johannes "John" van Vliet was a Dutch professional boxer from Overschie. He competed in the heavyweight category and was 85 kg. He competed at professional international competitions in Europe between 1929 and 1932.
Career
Van Vliet made his debut on 15 June 1929 in Chatelineau against Gustave Limousin. He lost as a result of corner retirement. The same year he also lost from the later German Olympian Ernst Pistulla in Bockbrauerei.
In 1930 he fought against Paul Hofman (in Rotterdam), Canadian Larry Gains (in Leicester) and Emil Stich (in Saarbruecken).
Van Vliet had a fight in 22 April 1931 in the Royal Albert Hall in London (UK). He lost the 10-rounds fight against the British John Pettifer. The referee stopped the fight in the third round because the eye of Van Vliet was serious injured. The revenue of the fight was for war blind people.
On 13 May 1931, Van Vliet had a fight in Aken against the German Hans Blaschek. It was a fight of three thirty seconds rounds. Van Vliet was stonger during the fight. In the second round Blaschek was down for nine seconds, in the second round twice and in the last round three times nine seconds. However, 20 seconds before the end of the fight his eye injury opened again and started blooding (the injury from the fight against Pettifer) and the referee had to stop the fight.
Van Vliet had a fight on 29 September 1931 in Antwerp (Belgium). He lost this fight from Berr Melsow on points.
On 25 January 1932 he went knock out in a fight against French Maurice Griselle. On 7 November 1932 there was a scheduled fight of Van Vliet against Belgian Harry Staal during the international boxing competition in Rotterdam. However, the fight didn't take place because Van Vliet retired from boxing.
References
Dutch boxers
Sportspeople from South Holland
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Driver and Vehicle Agency

The Driver & Vehicle Agency (DVA), also known as Driver and Vehicle Licensing Northern Ireland (DVLNI) is the organisation that holds the registers of drivers and vehicles for Northern Ireland. The DVA head office is in Coleraine in Northern Ireland. They are an agency of the Northern Ireland government.
Related pages
Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency, the agency for Great Britain (the other part of the United Kingdom).
References
Government agencies of the United Kingdom
Transport in Northern Ireland
Organisations based in Northern Ireland
1992 attack on Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires

The Attack on the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires was a suicide bombing attack happened on Tuesday, March 17, 1992, causing 22 deaths and 242 injuries. The attack completely destroyed the headquarters of the embassy and the consulate, located at numbers 910 and 916 Arroyo Street in the city of Buenos Aires. The attack was investigated by the Supreme Court of Justice, without identifying any suspect and without the case being brought to trial until 2022.
Attack
On 17 March 1992, at 2:42 pm (UTC-3), a pick-up truck driven by a suicide bomber and loaded with explosives smashed into the front of the Israeli Embassy at the corner of Arroyo and Suipacha, and detonated. The embassy, a Catholic church, and a nearby school building were destroyed. Four Israelis died, but most of the victims were Argentine civilians, many of them were children. The blast killed 29 and wounded 242. It was Argentina's deadliest terror attack until the 1994 AMIA bombing. It remains the deadliest attack on an Israeli diplomatic mission.
The attackers are believed to have entered the country through the so-called triple border region, the area where the borders of Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil meet.
Two years later, on July 18, 1994, a car bomb exploded in front of AMIA, the most important Jewish mutual organization in the country, also in Buenos Aires, resulting in the death of 85 people.
Connection with Argentine foreign policy
In 2004, Carlos Menem, who was the president of Argentina between 1989 and 1999, declared in an interview that the fact of having been the only Argentine president to visit Israel could have been what offended these terrorist organizations. And then he added: "The other thing that could be is the sending of Argentine ships to the Gulf on the occasion of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait."
The sending of two warships to the Gulf, in 1991, to reinforce the coalition led by the United States against Iraq, was a major event in Argentine foreign policies during the Menem presidency.
Various official hypotheses
Initially, expertise was carried out by the Federal Police and Gendarmerie. Both agreed that it had been a car bomb, but disagreed on the explosive used: trotyl and pentrite, for the police; hexogen with some kind of initiator, for the Gendarmerie.
In 1996, the Supreme Court changed the hypothesis and reported that based on the results of the expertise carried out by the National Academy of Engineering, it could be established "with a certain degree of certainty" that the attack was the result of an explosion that occurred inside the building.
In 1999, by the agreement issued on December 23, the Court changed its hypothesis again and held that the attack had been carried out with a car bomb, specifying that it could have been a Ford F-100 truck.
References
1992
20th century in Argentina
20th century in Israel
Arab-Israeli conflict
Buenos Aires
Building bombings
Islamic terrorist attacks
Suicide car and truck bombings
Unsolved murders
Ethnic flag

A ethnic flag is a flag that represents a ethnic group.
Ethnic flags
Flags
France Rode

France Rode (November 20, 1934 - June 7, 2017) was a Slovenian engineer and inventor. He was best known for his work on the HP-35 pocket calculator. He was one of the four lead engineers at Hewlett-Packard assigned to this project. Rode also invented and created the first workable RFID products: workplace entry cards, for which he holds several patents. He was born in Nozice, Slovenia.
Rode died on June 7, 2017 at the age of 82.
References
1934 births
2017 deaths
Slovenian scientists
Inventors
Yugoslavian engineers
Saint-Josse-ten-Noode

Saint-Josse-ten-Node (; usually shortened to Saint-Josse) or Sint-Joost-ten-Node () is a municipality in the Brussels-Capital Region in Belgium. It is the smallest municipality by area in Belgium.
In 2007, 23,785 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 51 North, 04deg 22 East.
References
Other websites
Saint-Josse-ten-Noode
Municipalities of Brussels-Capital Region
Phillip E. Johnson

Phillip E. Johnson (June 18, 1940 - November 2, 2019) was an American writer and law professor. He was the UC Berkeley law professor and co-founder of the pseudo-scientific intelligent design movement. He was an author of the "Wedge strategy" and co-founder of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture (CSC) .
He said of himself "the father of the intelligent design movement".
Johnson died on November 2, 2019 at his Berkeley, California home at the age of 79.
References
1940 births
2019 deaths
Lawyers from Illinois
People from Aurora, Illinois
Writers from Illinois
Lawyers from Berkeley, California
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Waitangi, Northland

Waitangi ( or , ) is a locality in the Bay of Islands on the North Island of New Zealand. It is close to the town of Paihia, 60 kilometres north of Whangarei. "Waitangi" is a Maori-language name meaning "weeping waters".
References
Settlements in New Zealand
Far North District
Bay of Islands
Ray Galton

Raymond Percy "Ray" Galton, OBE (17 July 1930 - 5 October 2018) was an English scriptwriter.
Galton was best known for the Galton and Simpson comedy writing partnership with Alan Simpson. He, along with Simpson, wrote the BBC sitcom Steptoe and Son (1962-1974), Hancock's Half Hour (1954-1961) and Comedy Playhouse (1961-1975).
Galton died on 5 October 2018 at his Paddington, London home from dementia, aged 88.
References
Other websites
1930 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from dementia
English television writers
Screenwriters from London
Tynwald

Tynwald (), or more formally, the High Court of Tynwald () or Tynwald Court, is claimed to be the oldest parliament in continuous existence in the world, dating back over 1000 years.
Overview
It rules the Isle of Man, and while the island is a Crown dependency, this ancient form of government enjoys a large amount of political power.
Tynwald is separated into 2 houses (this is called a "Bicameral" parliament, meaning it has 2 chambers) - the House of Keys, which is elected by the people of the Isle of Man, and the Legislative Council, which is not directly elected - instead, other members of the Legislative Council elect members of the House of Keys (MHK's) to sit on it.
Both houses of Tynwald sit at the same time on Tynwald day, at the site of the original parliament - Tynwald Hill - in St. John's, a small village near Peel, and once a month at Parliament House in the Island's capital, Douglas. The rest of the time, they sit separately at Parliament House, with the House of Keys making most of the laws, and the Legislative Council doing most of the work of changing and revising them.
King Charles III is acknowledged as the Lord of Mann.
Tynwald can trace its descent from the Viking and Norse that first colonized the Isle of Man.
Isle of Man
Parliaments
Devolved legislatures in the United Kingdom
Bicameral legislatures
Positron emission tomography

Positron Emission Tomography (often called PET) is a medical imaging technique. A specially constructed device can show the path and distribution of a weakly radioactive substance. This substance is called tracer. The tracer dissolves in the blood, which will carry it the brain. There, it concentrates around brain structures that are particularly active. A PET scan detects the radioactivity and converts it into a digital image of the brain, highlighting the active areas. PET scans are often used to detect tumors. Different tracers are used for different kinds of scans. Very often, the tracers are similar to sugar, or are sugars which have been specially modified for the purpose.
The machinery which can detect these substances is expensive. The tracers have a half-life of around 30-60 minutes, Producing the tracer is difficult, and expensive. Because of different factors, the tracers need to be prepared for the event, they cannot be mass-produced.
Medical imaging
2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine

On February 20, 2023, the President of the United States, Joe Biden, visited Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It was his first visit since the 2022 Russian invasion started. Mostly because of security concerns, he did not tell the public before his arrival. Only two journalists went with him.
This was the first time in modern history that a current U.S. President has traveled to an active war zone not controlled by the American military. It was the closest a president had come to a combat zone since Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War.
The Pentagon and the Secret Service did not want Biden to visit Kyiv. Some people thought he might meet Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy near the Polish border or in Lviv, Western Ukraine. The visit came when US poll numbers began to drop about supporting Ukraine in the war.
During his visit, Biden announced more military aid for Ukraine, worth US$500 million and including ammunition for a rocket launcher system.
Reactions to the visit were mixed, with some Republicans criticizing it and many Democrats supporting it. Many Russian politicians and military experts, such as former President Dmitry Medvedev, criticized Biden. Polish President Andrzej Duda said the trip was important for the Ukrainian soldiers.
References
February 2023 events
Joe Biden
2020s in Kyiv
2023 in the United States
2023 in Europe
2020s in international relations
Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2010

The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2010 was the eighth edition of Junior Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Minsk, Belarus on 20 November 2010.
The contest was won by Vladimir Arzumanyan of Armenia with the song "Mama". This gave Armenia its first win at Junior Eurovision and its first win in any Eurovision contest, even though Sweden had been the betting favourite.
Final
Each country gave votes. Half of the votes were cast by a jury, while the other half came from the public who voted via telephone and text messages. The voters decided their top ten songs using the points 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1.
The rules stated that the participants must sing in one of their national languages, however they were permitted to have a few lines in a different language, as seen in some entries.
This was the first time since 2000 that the Maltese language is used in a Eurovision event since "Desire" by Claudette Pace, the Maltese entry for the 2000 contest.
Returning artists
Score sheet
12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points received:
All countries were given 12 points at the start of voting. This is so no country gets zero points.
As a joke, the Executive Supervisor of the contest, Svante Stockselius, was given 12 points before the voting. This probably because he was scheduled to resign at the end of the year.
International broadcasts
Commentators
- Kristien Maes & Tom De Cock (VRT)
- Olga Shelest (Russia 1)
- Gohar Gasparyan (ARMTV)
- Timur Miroshnichenko (Pershiy)
- Valters Fridenbergs (Latvijas Televizija)
- Duska Vucinic-Lucic (RTS 2)
- Sipke Jan Bousema
- Eileen Montesin
Spokespersons
- Bernadras Garbaciauskas
- Paula Paraschiv
- Bram
- Maja Mazic
- Elizabeth Arfush
- Robin Ridell
- Philip Mazurov
- Ralfs Eliands
- Laura Omloop
- Nadia Sargsyan
- Francesca Zarb
- Anastasiya Butyugina
- Giorgi Toradze
- Sara Marakovska
References
Other websites
Junior Eurovision Official Website
Junior Eurovision pages at BTRC website
Junior Eurovision pages at ESCKaz
Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2010 on the official website of the Republic of Belarus
2010 in music
History of Belarus
Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Minsk
After school special

An after school special is a type of American television program intended to be viewed by adolescents when they return home from school, usually at about 4:00 pm. It was started by the American Broadcasting Company in 1972. Its rival, CBS, also put out an after school special show titled Schoolbreak Specials in 1984.
Television programs
Cordillera central tree frog

The Cordillera Central tree frog (Hyloscirtus larinopygion) is a frog. It lives in Colombia and Ecuador on the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Occidental. Scientists have seen it between 1950 and 3100 meters above sea level.
One female frog was 53.7 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin on the frog's back is brown. There are no stripes or spots on the back. Parts of the sides and legs are blue with black marks. There is a little webbed skin on the front feet and more on the back feet. This frog's head is as wide as its body.
There are fewer of these frogs than there were in the past. Human beings change the places where the frog lives. Humans cut down trees for wood and to make farms or places for animals to eat grass. Chemicals that people use to kill pests can also kill this frog.
This frog's name comes from the Greek words "larinos," whch is "fat," and "pygos," which means "buttocks." Together, the name means "frog with the swollen rear end."
References
Frogs of South America
Israfil Alam

Israfil Alam (13 March 1966 - 27 July 2020) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician. He was a member of the Jatiya Sangsad from 2009 until his death. He was born in Naogaon, Pakistan.
Alam died on 27 July 2020 at a hospital in Dhaka from COVID-19, aged 54.
References
1966 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Bangladeshi politicians
Bangladeshi Muslims
Belmont, Gers

Belmont is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Related pages
Communes of the Gers department
References
Communes in Gers
Loupiac-de-la-Réole

Loupiac-de-la-Reole is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Sporting Cristal

Club Sporting Cristal is a Peruvian football team based in the Rimac district, department of Lima, Peru. It was started December 13th, 1955. Sporting Cristal plays in the Peruvian First Division. It has won 16 league titles.
Honours
National
Peruvian Primera Division: 16
Winners (16): 1956, 1961, 1968, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2002, 2005, 2012.
Runner-up (11): 1962, 1963, 1967, 1973, 1977, 1989, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2004.
Torneo Apertura: 1
Winners (2): 1994, 2003.
Runner-up (2): 2001, 2006.
Torneo Clausura: 4
Winners (4): 1998, 2002, 2004, 2005.
Runner-up (1): 2000.
Torneo Regional: 4
Winners (4): 1988, 1989-I, 1991-I, 1991-II.
Torneo Interzonal: 1
Winners (1): 1982.
International
Copa Libertadores: 30 appearances
Runner-up (1): 1997
References
Peruvian football clubs
1955 establishments
20th-century establishments in Peru
Liz Kendall

Elizabeth Louise Kendall (born 1971) has been the MP for Leicester West since 2010. She is a member of the Labour party.
Labour Party (UK) MPs
1971 births
Living people
SUNY Downstate Medical Center

The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn (also called SUNY Downstate Medical Center), is a medical center in the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City. It teaches medical students and has a teaching hospital.
Other websites
Official Site
Brooklyn College B.A.-M.D. Program
Colleges and universities in New York City
Hospitals in the United States
Buildings and structures in New York City
Brooklyn
List of impact craters in Australia

This list includes all 27 confirmed impact craters in Australia as listed in the Earth Impact Database.
Impact craters - confirmed
References
Australia-related lists
Cowden, Illinois

Cowden is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Hairy woodpecker

The hairy woodpecker (Leuconotopicus villosus) is a medium-sized woodpecker. It is found over a large area of North America.
Subspecies
Seventeen subspecies are recognised:
L. v. septentrionalis (Nuttall, 1840) - west North America from south Alaska to Ontario to New Mexico
L. v. picoideus (Osgood, 1901) - Queen Charlotte Island (off British Columbia, Canada)
L. v. harrisi (Audubon, 1838) - southeast Alaska to north California
L. v. terraenovae (Batchelder, 1908) - Newfoundland
L. v. villosus (Linnaeus, 1766) - southeast Canada, north central and northeast USA
L. v. orius (Oberholser, 1911) - south central British Columbia to southeast California and southwest Utah
L. v. monticola (Anthony, 1898) - central British Columbia to north New Mexico
L. v. leucothorectis (Oberholser, 1911) - southeast California to west Texas
L. v. audubonii (Swainson, 1832) - southeast USA
L. v. hyloscopus (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) - west and south California, north Baja California (Mexico)
L. v. icastus (Oberholser, 1911) - southeast Arizona, southwest New Mexico to west Mexico
L. v. intermedius (Nelson, 1900) - east Mexico
L. v. jardinii Malherbe, 1845 - south central and east central Mexico
L. v. sanctorum (Nelson, 1897) - southeast Mexico to northwest Nicaragua
L. v. extimus (Bangs, 1902) - north central Costa Rica to west Panama
L. v. piger (Allen, GM, 1905) - north Bahamas
L. v. maynardi'' (Ridgway, 1887) - south Bahamas
Gallery
Related pages
Downy woodpecker - A smaller but very similar-looking species.
References
Other websites
Hairy woodpecker - Picoides villosus - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
Hairy woodpecker Species Account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
Hairy woodpecker sound at Florida Museum of Natural History
Birds of Central America
Birds of North America
Articles containing video clips
Piciformes
Cunene Province

Cunene is a province of Angola. There are about 200,000 to 300,000 people. Ondjiva is the capital. It is the only city in this province. Cunene is north of the Cunene River.
Provinces of Angola
Colleges and universities in Mississippi

This is a list of colleges and universities in Mississippi:
Public
Private
References
Lists of colleges and universities
Eddie Tonks

Edward James Tonks ( - 18 October 2020) was a New Zealand businessman and sports administrator. He was chair of the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU) between 1990 and 1995. He also chaired the International Rugby Board (IRB).
Tonks died at his home in Wellington on 18 October 2020, aged 85.
References
1935 births
2020 deaths
New Zealand businesspeople
New Zealand sportspeople
Sports executives and administrators
Saxony-Anhalt

Saxony-Anhalt (, (; Low German: ) is a Bundesland (state) in Germany. It has an area of . 2,580,626 people live there. The capital is Magdeburg.
Some big cities and towns in Saxony-Anhalt are:
Bitterfeld-Wolfen
Dessau
Halberstadt
Halle
Wittenberg
Magdeburg (capital)
Merseburg
Naumburg (Saale)
Quedlinburg
Stendal
Weissenfels
References
Percidae

Percidae is a family of ray-finned fish. They are endemic to freshwater environments around the world. They live in rivers and lakes.
Systematics
Subfamily Percinae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Perca Linnaeus, 1758
Subfamily Luciopercinae Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Genus Sander Oken, 1817
Subfamily Etheostomatinae Agassiz, 1850
Genus Ammocrypta Jordan, 1877
Genus Etheostoma Rafinesque, 1817
Genus Nothonotus Putnam, 1863
Genus Percina Haldeman, 1842
Subfamily Percarininae Gill, 1861
Genus Percarina Nordmann, 1840
References
Freshwater fish
Perciformes
Dieter Krause

Dieter Krause (18 January 1936 - 23 August 2020) was a German sprint canoeist. He competed from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s. He won a gold medal in the K-1 4x500 m event at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.
Krause also won four medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships.
References
1936 births
2020 deaths
East German Olympic gold medalists
Canoeists
The Promised Land (1973 movie)

The Promised Land () is a 1973 Chilean Cuban drama movie directed by Miguel Littin and starring Nelson Villagra, Marcelo Gaete, Rafael Benavente, Shenda Roman, Pedro Manuel Alvarez.
Other websites
1973 drama movies
Chilean movies
Cuban movies
Movies directed by Miguel Littin
Carl Epting Mundy Jr.

Carl Epting Mundy Jr. (July 16, 1935 - April 2, 2014) was a United States Marine Corps General. He was the 30th Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from July 1, 1991 until his retirement on June 30, 1995. He was also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia.
Mundy died from Merkel-cell carcinoma on April 2, 2014 in Alexandria, Virginia. He was 78. He was outlived by his daughter, Elizabeth Gunter.
References
Other websites
Carl Epting Mundy Jr. at Washington Times
1935 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Merkel-cell carcinoma
Military people from Georgia (U.S. state)
Cancer deaths in Virginia
People from Atlanta
United States Marine Corps personnel
Supercoppa Italiana

The Supercoppa Italiana () is an annual football competition. It is usually held the week before the Serie A season begins in Italy, or more recently in other countries during the winter. It is contested by the winners of the Serie A and the Coppa Italia in the previous season, as a curtain-raiser to the new season. If the same team wins both the Serie A and Coppa Italia titles in the previous season, the Supercoppa is contested by the Serie A winner and the Coppa Italia runner-up.
History
Created in 1988, 18 of the first 21 Supercoppa Italiana contested were played at the home of the Serie A champions, the exceptions being in 1993 and 2003, when it was held in the United States cities of Washington, D.C., and East Rutherford, New Jersey, and in 2002 when the game was played in the Libyan capital Tripoli. Since 2009, the venues chosen have mostly been outside of Italy.
Of the 32 finals played to date, the venues have been as follows:
19 times at the home of the Serie A champion
4 times in China
twice in the United States
twice in Doha, Qatar
twice at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome acting as a "neutral venue" (where it was not the home ground of the Serie A champion).
twice in Saudi Arabia
once in Tripoli, Libya
Since the game was first established, the Serie A scudetto and Coppa Italia have been won by the same team eight times, thus making the Coppa Italia runner-up the second participant in the subsequent Supercoppa. This occurred in the following years: 1995, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 (Juventus), 2000 (Lazio), 2006 and 2010 (Internazionale).
In 2018, the Serie A entered into a contract with the General Sports Authority, under which Saudi Arabia will host three out of the next five Supercoppa events.
Winners
Performance by club
Performance by representative
All-time top goalscorers
References
Other websites
Supercoppa Italiana on RSSSF
1980s establishments in Italy
1988 establishments in Europe
1988 in association football
Football competitions in Europe
Football in Italy
Hochstatt

Hochstatt is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Antigua

Antigua (IPA: /aen'ti:g@//an-tee-gah) is an island in the West Indies, Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region, the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. It is also known as Wadadli, which means approximately "our own". The island's circumference is about 87 kilometres (54 miles) and its area is 281 km2 (108 square miles). About 69,000 people lived there as of July 2006. It is the largest of the Leeward Islands, and has a busy economy based on tourism, internet gambling, and education, including two medical schools.
Indigenous peoples like the Ciboney, Taino, and Kalinago had lived on and around the island for a long time. But in 1493, Christopher Columbus became the first European to visit, and he renamed it Antigua after Mary, the mother of Jesus. The British came in 1632 and colonized the island. They brought slaves to the island from Africa who were forced to grow sugar cane. The slaves were legally freed in 1834.
The island stopped being a part of Britain in 1981. It is now a country with Barbuda.
References
Other websites
Government of Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua Barbuda Department of Tourism
Caribbean islands
Geography of Antigua and Barbuda
Elsie Tu

Elsie Tu, GBM, CBE (nee Hume; ; 2 June 1913 - 8 December 2015), was an English-born Hong Kong social activist. She was born in Newcastle upon Tyne. She was an elected member of the Urban Council of Hong Kong, and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. She became known for her strong opposition of colonialism and corruption.
References
1913 births
2015 deaths
British centenarians
English activists
English politicians
Hong Kong activists
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Crystal Pepsi

Crystal Pepsi was a soft drink made by Pepsi sold from 1992 to 1993. It was colorless and had no caffeine in it. It started being sold on April 14, 1992. It failed due to low sales. It was later sold as a citrus drink called "Crystal From Pepsi," which also lasted a short time before Pepsi stopped selling it.
References
Soft drinks
The War of the Worlds

The War of the Worlds is an 1898 science fiction book by H. G. Wells. It is about Martians attacking Earth. A 1938 radio broadcast version by Orson Welles frightened many people.
1890s books
Science fiction books
Books by H. G. Wells
Yurt (newspaper)

Yurt (English: The Homeland) is a Turkish nationwide daily newspaper based in Istanbul. It was founded on January 29, 2012 by Republican People's Party politician Durdu Ozbolat. Editor of the Yurt is Merdan Yanardag.
Yurt supports Kemalism and secularism, especially Republican People's Party politics.
Related pages
List of newspapers in Turkey
References
Other websites
Official website
Newspapers published in Turkey
Turkish-language newspapers
Istanbul
2012 establishments in Asia
Indiana Jones

Dr. Henry "Indiana" Jones, Jr. is a fictional American professor, archaeologist, and adventurer.
He originally appeared in a series of movies produced by George Lucas and directed by Steven Spielberg in the 1980s, 2008, and 2023, in which he was played by actor Harrison Ford.
Indiana Jones is noted for his trademark bullwhip, his fedora hat, and his great fear of snakes.
Indiana Jones is also the general name given to the series as a whole, which has five movies, a TV series, novels, comics, video games, and other media.
Movies
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023)
Video games
Raiders of the Lost Ark - (Atari 2600)
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom arcade - (Atari System 1)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade: The Action Game - (C64, NES, Amiga, Macintosh, PC)
Indiana Jones' Greatest Adventures - (SNES)
Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis: The Graphic Adventure - (PC, Amiga, Macintosh)
Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine - (PC, Nintendo 64, Nintendo Game Boy Color)
Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb - (PC, PlayStation 2, Microsoft Xbox)
Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings - (Wii, Nintendo DS, PSP, PlayStation 2)
Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine - (PC, Nintendo 64, Gameboy Color)
Indiana Jones and His Desktop Adventures - (PC, Macintosh)
The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles - (NES)
LEGO Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures (PC, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, Macintosh)
LEGO Indiana Jones 2: The Adventures Continues (PC, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii)
Indiana Jones Adventure World - (Facebook)
Other websites
Official Indiana Jones site
Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 1981
Movie characters
Orchies

Orchies is a French town and commune in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, Nord department, in the Douai district and Orchies canton.
The town is in the arrondissement of Douai in the Nord department. For the election of the deputies, it is part since 1986 of the sixth constituency of the North.
Further reading
mapcarta.com - Orchies
map-france.com (Orchies, 59310)
References
Communes in Nord
Leif Haraldseth

Leif Haraldseth (30 November 1929 - 8 April 2019) was a Norwegian trade unionist and politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He served as the Minister of Local Government from 1986 to 1987. He was also head of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1987 to 1989. He was born in Drammen.
Haraldseth died on 8 April 2019 in Drammen. He was 89.
References
1929 births
2019 deaths
Norwegian politicians
Trade unionists
People from Drammen