pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Russell Bannock

Russell William Bannock (born Bahnuk; November 1, 1919 - January 4, 2020) was a Canadian Air Force fighter ace during the Second World War. He was a chief test pilot for de Havilland Canada. He was born in Edmonton, Alberta.
In 2011, he was made a member of the Order of Ontario "for his contributions to the aerospace industry".
Bannock died on January 4, 2020 at the age of 100.
References
Other websites
Russ Bannock at acesofww2.com
Hall of Fame site
1919 births
2020 deaths
Autobiographers
Aviators
Canadian centenarians
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Canadian writers
People from Edmonton
Larissa

Larissa () is the capital city of the Thessaly periphery of Greece, and capital of the Larissa Prefecture. Larissa is found in the north of the Thessaly plain near at the foot of the mountain Olympus. Its population is 131,496 inhabitants. Larissa is crossed by Pineios river. The most interest sight in Larissa is the ancient theater which is located in the center of the city.
Cities in Greece
Force play

In baseball, any player from the team that is trying to score who is on one of the bases (a runner) can not be safe on that base anymore if there is another player from their team who has become unsafe at the previous base in the same way; the runner is then said to be forced to run. The batter can be considered as no longer being safe at home base (which can be thought of as the base that comes "before" first base) when he has hit the ball into the fair part of the field. A forceout occurs when a player on the fielding team touches a base while holding the ball and a runner at the previous base was made unsafe in this way; that runner is then out.
In other words, a runner is forced to run to the next base, with the risk of being out if an opponent holding the ball touches the next base before them, in only the following two situations:
The batter must always run to first base when they are allowed to run.
Regardless of any runners on other bases, if there are runner(s) on first base, or the first two bases (first base and second base), or the first three bases (first base, second base, and third base), then each of these runner(s) is forced to run to the next base if the batter is allowed to run.
If, during the play, a runner is gotten out, and there are other runners who are not out and currently forced to run, then any of those runners that reached a base that came after the base(s) touched by the runner that got out is no longer forced to run. This is called "removing the force".
References
Baseball rules
Sports words
Attje Kuiken

Attje Harma Kuiken (born 27 October 1977) is a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA).
Kuiken was born in Groningen and worked at the Ministry of Internal Affairs. She has been an MP since 30 November 2006 (except from January to May 2010). She succeeded Lilianne Ploumen as parliamentary group leader on 22 April 2022.
References
Bio Parlement.com
1977 births
Living people
Dutch civil servants
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Politicians from Groningen (city)
Lenin Rajendran

Lenin Rajendran (; 1951 - 14 January 2019) was an Indian movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Trivandrum, Kerala. He worked in Malayalam cinema. He was a member of the Kerala State Film Development Corporation from 2016 to January 2019. A director, he was known for his works Venal, Puravrutham and Mazha.
Rajendran died of complications from a liver transplant on 14 January 2019 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu at the age of 67.
References
1951 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Organ transplant recipients
Indian movie directors
Indian screenwriters
Alabama's 7th congressional district

Alabama's 7th congressional district is a United States congressional district in the state of Alabama that elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. The district includes the counties of Choctaw, Dallas, Greene, Hale, Lowndes, Marengo, Pickens, Perry, Sumter and Wilcox. Parts of Clarke, Jefferson, Montgomery and Tuscaloosa counties are in the district. The district also has parts of the cities of Birmingham, Montgomery and Tuscaloosa/Northport city areas.
The 7th congressional district is the only congressional district in Alabama to be represented by a Democrat. The representative is Terri Sewell. The district was created in 1843 and has only been represented by a Republican for 6 years. When the districts were being drawn again in 2010 the Republicans in Alabama drew the district to have many of the Democratic Party counties in Alabama so there would only be one Democratic congressional district in Alabama. This is called gerrymandering.
Election history
References
07
2011–12 FC Augsburg season

The 2011-12 FC Augsburg season was the 105th season in the football club's history and the club's first season in the Bundesliga. The season started on 30 July against Rot-Weiss Oberhausen in the DFB-Pokal. Promotion to the 2011-12 Bundesliga was the peak of a decade-long process started by clothing magnate Walther Seinisch.
Review and events
2011-12 season was the club's debut season in the Bundesliga.
Competitions
Bundesliga
League table
Matches
DFB-Pokal
Player information
Roster and statistics
Transfers
In
Out
Sources
FC Augsburg seasons
2011 in association football
2012 in association football
Football in Germany
Bloods

The Bloods are a street gang. They were founded in 1972 in Los Angeles, California. They are rivals with the Crips, another street gang. Bloods members are known for wearing mostly red colors which is their gang color.
During their rivalry with the Crips in the 1970s, a faction of the Crips called the Pirus street gang broke away from the Crips and joined other smaller gangs to make a gang which would later on become known as the Bloods. Some notable Bloods are rappers Game and Suge Knight.
References
Other websites
Bloods gang profile
1972 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in California
Gangs
People from Los Angeles
Arno van der Heyden

Arno van der Heyden (30 July 1961 - 20 January 2023) was a Dutch comedian, singer, presenter and actor.
Biography
Van der Heyden was born in Groningen in 1961. He spent his youth in Groningen, Apeldoorn, Rosmalen, 's-Hertogenbosch, Malden and Winschoten. In Winschoten he graduated from the Gymnasium in 1980. He moved to Southern Europe where he worked as a musician, grape picker and catering worker. From 1989 to 1994 he was an actor and musician at .
In 1992 Arno won the audience and personality prize at festival in Rotterdam. He then worked for TROS, KRO, VARA and RTV Noord. He had his own comedian shows and recorded multiple CDs. In 2022 he received the Haide Bliksem Award.
Van der Heyden was diagnosed with cancer in 2019. After the treatment he had voice problems due to, among other scar tissue. However, the cancer returned and died from it in Groningen on 20 January 2023, at the age of 61.
References
Dutch actors
Dutch comedians
Dutch singers
1961 births
2023 deaths
People from Groningen (city)
Pinon, Aisne

Pinon, Aisne is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Pidavoor

Pidavoor is a village in Kollam district, Kerala, India. Pidavoor is near the Pathanapuram town. Pidavoor is a part of Thalavoor Grama Panchayat.
Politics
Pidavoor is the part of Pathanapuram legislative assembly in Mavelikara Lok Sabha constituency. Shri. Kodikkunnil Suresh is the present member of parliament. Shri. K. B. Ganesh Kumar is the current MLA of Pathanapuram.
Demographics
India census, Pidavoor had a population of 10087 with 4858 males and 5229 females.
References
Villages in Kollam district
Escurolles

Escurolles is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Argegno

Argegno is a comune in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Glasgow Corporation Tramways

Glasgow Corporation Tramways were formerly one of the largest urban tramway systems in Europe. Over 1000 municipally-owned trams served the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The system closed in 1962 and was the last city tramway in Great Britain (prior to the construction of new systems in the 1990s).
Transport in Scotland
Tram transport in the United Kingdom
Annie Payson Call

Annie Payson Call (1853-1940) was an American writer. She wrote a few books and published articles in The Ladies' Home Journal. She liked to write about mental health issues.
Books written
Source: New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors
Regeneration Of The Body (1888)
As A Matter Of Course (1894)
The Freedom Of Life (1905)
Man Of The World (1905)
Every Day Living (1906)
How To Live Quietly (1914)
Power Through Repose (1891)
Nerves And Common Sense (1909)
Brain Power For Business Men (1911)
Nerves And The War (1918)
Other websites
More information about some works at Spiritual Freedom Library
1853 births
1940 deaths
Writers from Massachusetts
Kozue Ando

is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Ando was born in Utsunomiya on 9 July 1982. In 2002, when she was a University of Tsukuba student, she left university club and joined Saitama Reinas FC (later Urawa Reds). In 2002 season, she scored 10 goals and she was selected Young Player awards. She became top scorer and she was selected MVP awards in 2004 and 2009. She was also selected Best Eleven 6 times. From 2010, she played for German Bundesliga club Duisburg, Frankfurt and Essen. At Frankfurt, she won UEFA Champions League in 2014-15 season. In June 2017, she returned to Japan and joined Urawa Reds.
In June 1999, when Ando was 16 years old, she was selected for the Japan national team for the 1999 World Cup. At this competition, on 26 June, she debuted against Norway. She played in the World Cup four times and in the Summer Olympics three times. She was a member of the team that defeated the United States in a penalty shootout in the final to win the 2011 World Cup; Ando started the final. She was also part of the Japanese team which won the silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics and second place at the 2015 World Cup. At the 2015 World Cup, in the first match against Switzerland, she got a penalty kick, but she fractured her left ankle at that moment. This match was her last as part of the Japan national team. She played 126 games and scored 19 goals for Japan by 2015.
Statistics
References
Other websites
Japan Football Association
1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Tochigi Prefecture
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
Urawa Red Diamonds Ladies players
Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
1999 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2007 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2011 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2006 AFC Women's Asian Cup players
2008 AFC Women's Asian Cup players
2010 AFC Women's Asian Cup players
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Olympic medalists in football
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
FIFA Women's World Cup-winning players
Asian Games medalists in football
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Jean Racine

Jean Racine (December 22, 1639 - April 21, 1699) was a French playwright. He was one of the most famous of the 17th century in France (with Moliere and Corneille). Racine was mostly a tragedian, even though he did write one comedy.
Works
La Thebaide (1664)
Alexandre le Grand (1665)
Andromaque (1667)
Les Plaideurs (1668)
Britannicus (1669)
Berenice (1670)
Bajazet (1672)
Mithridate (1673)
Iphigenie (1674)
Phedre (1677)
Esther (drama) (1689)
Athalie (1691)
French playwrights
1639 births
1699 deaths
Spin (physics)

In physics, spin is the constant rotation of an object.
For large visible objects like the Earth, spin is the angular momentum of the turning of the Earth around its axis. This tells the amount of rotation that it has. Angular momentum changes with the mass and shape of the object, and with how fast it is turning.
Spin in quantum theory
Experiments such as the Stern-Gerlach experiment have shown that sub-atomic particles, such as electrons, seem to have a north pole and a south pole much like magnets do. Scientists once thought that this was caused by the particle spinning on its axis like a planet.
Later, it was shown that the electron would have to be spinning faster than the speed of light to do this. This is why scientists no longer believe that the electron is actually spinning like a planet. Scientists do, however, continue to refer to the magnetic properties of particles as "spin".
Spin, whatever it is, seems to follow some of the laws of angular momentum, but not all of them. A "spinning" electron (or any other sub-atomic particle with spin) can only have certain values of angular momentum. Electrons can also align themselves against a magnetic field in ways that would be impossible in the everyday world.
Spin is considered a fundamental property of any particle.
Related pages
Dirac equation
Basic physics ideas
Nuclear physics
Wayland, Missouri

Wayland is a city in Clark County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
We Baby Bears

We Baby Bears is an American animated television series created by Manny Hernandez for Cartoon Network. It is a spin-off prequel of the animated series We Bare Bears, which was created by Daniel Chong. It premiered on January 1, 2022. On January 31, 2022, the series was renewed for a second season.
Premise
We Baby Bears follows Grizz, Panda, and Ice Bear as babies searching for a new home in a magical teleporting box.
Voice cast
Connor Andrade & Luxton Handspiker (for the shorts) as Baby Grizz
Amari McCoy & Mia SwamiNathan (in season 3 for the new voice & shorts) as Baby Panda
Max Mitchell & Rain Janjua (for the shorts) as Baby Ice Bear
Demetri Martin as the Narrator of Ice Bear's dad
Celebrity guest stars include: Anjali Bhimani, Rhys Darby, Janeane Garofalo, Young M.A., Jason Mantzoukas, Stephen Oyoung, Willow Smith, and Bernardo Velasco.
Episodes
References
Works cited
"Ep." is shortened form for episode and refers to an episode number of the We Baby Bears television series.
Other references
Other websites
We Bare Bears
2022 American television series debuts
2020s American animated television series
American children's television series
Grumman F11F Tiger

Grumman F11F Tiger is an American fighter jet. It was used by the US Navy, in particular by the Blue Angels. After September 1962 it was called F-11 Tiger.
None were sold to foreign countries.
United States Navy aircraft
Vietnam War aircraft
F11F
Peter F. Schabarum

Peter Frank Schabarum (January 9, 1929 - August 1, 2021) was an American politician. He was a member of the California State Assembly from 1967 until 1972. He was a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors from 1972 until 1991. Schabarum was born in Los Angeles. He was a member of the Republican Party.
In the 1950s, he played for the San Francisco 49ers.
Schabarum died on August 1, 2021 in Los Angeles at the age of 92.
References
1929 births
2021 deaths
San Francisco 49ers players
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Los Angeles
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Fresh Meadows, Queens

Fresh Meadows is a neighborhood in northeastern part of the borough of Queens in New York City, which is bordered to the east by Francis Lewis Boulevard, to the south by Union Turnpike, to the north by Kissena Park, and to the west by Utopia Parkway and Fresh Meadows Lane.
Fresh Meadows is also the name of a housing development (housing estate) in the neighborhood, along 188th Street. The Fresh Meadows buildings were built in the late 1940s and were for lower middle & middle-class people. It is one of three housing areas built by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company after World War II, the others are Stuyvesant Town in Manhattan and Parkchester in the Bronx.
The Long Island Expressway runs through the neighborhood. Main streets are 188th Street, Horace Harding Expressway, 73rd Avenue, Utopia Parkway, and Fresh Meadows Lane.
The 107th Precinct of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) covers this neighborhood.
Kissena Park and Cunningham Park are both located next to Fresh Meadows.
Fresh Meadows is also home to St. Francis Preparatory School, the largest Catholic high school in the United States. Francis Lewis High School, P.S. 26 (Rufus King school), M.S. 216 (George J. Ryan Middle School), and P.S. 173 (The Fresh Meadows School) are other schools in the neighborhood.
Queens (New York City)
1940s establishments in New York (state)
Neighborhoods of New York City
Farmer

A farmer is a person who grows crops and raises animals to be used as food. This has been a common job for people since the beginning of civilization.
What farmers do
The word farmer usually refers to a person who has a field, orchard, vineyard, or garden where food is grown. This food is eaten or sold after it is harvested. Farmers may also grow raw materials for industrial purposes. Some examples of raw materials that are used in this way are:
cereals for alcoholic beverages
hides (animal skin) for leather
maize/corn for plastics or fuel
wool or cotton for yarns and making cloth
Some farmers also raise animals to be used for meat, milk, eggs or other things.
Related pages
Agriculture
Agricultural occupations
The Hush Sound

The Hush Sound is an indie rock band originally known as The Hush. They changed their name when they found out that there was a rapper called "The Hush."
The Hush Sound has released three albums. Their first album, So Sudden, was released in 2005. Their second album was released in 2006, titled Like Vines. Goodbye Blues, their third and latest album, and was recorded in released in March 2008.
The Hush Sound is currently on a break.
Foundation
By the start of 2005, the band had formed properly with all its members. They had decided that piano and drums were not enough and looked for bass and guitar.
Pete Wentz from Fall Out Boy came across the band's music and liked what he heard. He expressed interest in signing them onto his record label.
Touring
The Hush Sound had their first major tour in 2006. It was called Black Clouds and Underdogs. Other bands included Fall Out Boy and Hawthorne Heights.
Other websites
Official Website
Official Fansite
2000s American music groups
Rudi Faßnacht

Rudolf "Rudi" Fassnacht (28 December 1934 in Neu-Ulm in Bavaria - 25 July 2000 in Gonesse) was a German football manager.
Fassnacht coached MSV Duisburg. They finished 7th place in the 1970-71 Bundesliga.
Fassnacht died along with his wife on board Air France Flight 4590, the Concorde which crashed in Gonesse, near Paris, on 25 July 2000.
Related pages
Air France Flight 4590
References
Other websites
1934 births
2000 deaths
German footballers
German football managers
MSV Duisburg managers
Arminia Bielefeld managers
Association football defenders
SC Preussen Munster managers
Tennis Borussia Berlin managers
Mike Stratton

David Michael Stratton (April 10, 1941 - March 25, 2020) was an American professional football player. He was a linebacker in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL) for 12 seasons. He played professionally for the Buffalo Bills and San Diego Chargers. He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers.
Stratton was born in Vonore, Tennessee. He studied at the University of Tennessee. Stratton died on March 25, 2020 of a heart attack caused by a fall at the age of 78.
References
1941 births
2020 deaths
American football linebackers
Buffalo Bills players
San Diego Chargers players
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Natasha

Natasha [ nuh-tah-shuh ] is a Russian female name. It is short for Natalia, which indicates "Natal Day". Natasha is a lovely name that boasts a range of interpretations. It can signify "born on Christmas day" or "birthday." This name is widely used for girls and is particularly prevalent in English-speaking nations. With a rich history, Natasha remains a favored choice for parents of baby girls, owing to its beauty and popularity. Celebrities and famous people include singer Natasha Bedingfield, Natasha Richardson and actress Natasha Lyonne. This name was ranked #905 on the US Popular Names in 2021.
People
Natasha Chandel, Canadian actress
Natasha Richardson, British actress (1963-2009)
Natasha Bedingfield, English singer and songwriter
Natasha Zvereva, Soviet / Belarussian tennis player
References
Given names
Invitation to the Dance

"Invitation to the Dance" is a piece of music for solo piano written by Carl Maria von Weber in 1819. It is written in D-flat major in rondo form. It was the first concert waltz. This means it was meant to be listened to rather than danced to.
In 1841, Hector Berlioz made an arrangement for orchestra. In 1911, the Berlioz version was used for a short ballet called Le Spectre de la rose. This ballet starred Nijinsky and Karsavina. It became very well known.
Compositions by Carl Maria von Weber
Solo piano pieces
Leland, Iowa

Leland is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Blood eagle

The Blood Eagle is a torture method where a person is cut by the ribs from the spine, breaking the victims ribs so they resembled blood-stained wings, and having their lungs pulled out. Salt was also sometimes sprinkled in the wounds. The torture method was mostly mentioned in Norse saga literature. King AElla of Northumbria, Halfdan son of King Haraldr Harfagri of Norway, King Edmund, King Maelgualai of Munster, and possibly Archbishop AElfheah of Canterbury are all believed to have been victims of the torture method.
References
Torture
Asphalt (1929 movie)

Asphalt is a 1929 German silent drama movie directed by Joe May and starring Albert Steinruck, Else Heller, Gustav Frohlich, Betty Amann, Rosa Valetti, Kurt Vespermann.
Other websites
1929 drama movies
German drama movies
German silent movies
Movies directed by Joe May
Selsoviet

Seloviet, a portmanteau of the Russian words "selo" (meaning "village") and "soviet" (meaning "council"), refers to a distinct model of local governance in Russia. Seloviet is characterized by its grassroots democratic structure, where rural communities actively participate in decision-making processes, ensuring local autonomy and representation.
Government of Russia
Government of Belarus
Four Freedoms Monument

The Four Freedoms Monument is a sculpture by Walter Russell. It was in New York City at first and later moved to Florida.
Background
The monument is a symbol for the Four Freedoms human beings everywhere in the world should have. This part of his speech has therefore been named the Four Freedoms Speech as well. This was before the American participation at World War II. The Four Freedoms of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt are the following:
Freedom of speech
Freedom of worship
Freedom from want
Freedom from fear
Roosevelt had the monument built with the idea to inspire a greater public for his four freedoms.
The monument was first presented in 1943 in Madison Square Garden in New York City, with the presence of 60,000 people. It was presented in the honor of Colin Kelly, one of the first Americans to be named an American hero of the Second World War. On June 14, 1944, the monument was moved to the former home of Kelly in Madison, Florida.
Other websites
Buildings and structures in Florida
Monuments and memorials in the United States
1943 establishments in the United States
1940s establishments in New York (state)
1940s establishments in Florida
Hamilton Smith

Hamilton Othanel Smith (born August 23, 1931) is an American microbiologist and a Nobel prize winner. He was jointly awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He is a leader in the field of genomics.
Hamilton Smith was, with Craig Venter, a leader in the Celera corporation's bid to analyse and sell information about the human genome. The basic idea was to find ways to make DNA sequencing cheaper so that everyone could have their DNA analysed. Then the information could be used for medical purposes.
Smith's award was for the discovery of restriction enzymes. These are enzymes that cut DNA at specific places. Such enzymes, found in bacteria and archaea, probably evolved to provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses. Inside a bacterial host, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up foreign DNA. Host DNA is modified so it does not get cut up. Together, these two processes are called the restriction modification system. To cut the DNA, a restriction enzyme makes two cuts, once through each sugar-phosphate backbone (i.e. each strand) of the DNA double helix.
References
1931 births
Living people
American Nobel Prize winners
American microbiologists
Thomas Hodgkin

Thomas Hodgkin (17 August 1798 - 5 April 1866) was an English physician. He was born in Pentonville, Middlesex. He researched many kinds of diseases and discovered Hodgkin's disease. He died of dysentery in Jaffa, Ottoman Syria.
1798 births
1866 deaths
English physicians
People from Middlesex
Deaths from dysentery
Great Oakley

Great Oakley is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1012 people living in Great Oakley.
References
Other websites
http://www.great-oakley.co.uk/
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Sikhism in Pakistan

Sikhism is a very small minority religion in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan but has many cultural, historical and political ties to the country, and to the historical region of the Punjab.
Today, Pakistan, a nation of over 170 million, is 97% Muslim, with Christians and Hindus making up the largest minority faiths, each absorbing about 1.5% of the population. Sikhs, Zoroastrians, Buddhists, members of heterodox (according to Pakistani law) Islamic faiths and some adherents to animist religions make up the remainder. Information is scarce on minority adherents. According to the CIA Fact File, there are no more than 20,000 Sikhs in Pakistan now. To put this in perspective had there not been a partition in 1947 then the region that is called Pakistan to day would have had around 13 million Sikhs.
References
religion in Pakistan
Sikhism
Savior

Savior (or Saviour) refers to a someone who has saved another from danger. It can also refer to someone who has helped people achieve Salvation. Many religions have a Savior, though the way they use the idea varies.
Christianity's savior is Jesus, the Christ.(Gospel of Matthew 1:21) In Judaism, Jesus is not considered a savior. They believe that the Messiah, their own concept of a savior, has not yet come. In Islam, their savior is Mahdi. In Hinduism, Shiva, Vishnu, and Devi are referred to as saviors.
Theology
Norio Kaifu

was a Japanese astronomer. He served as the director-general of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) from 2000 to 2006. He was later president of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) from 2012 to 2015. He was a researcher of radio astronomy, extraglactic astronomy, cosmic magnetic fields, non-stable stars and infrared astronomy.
Kaifu died of pancreatic cancer on 13 April 2019, at the age of 75. Toshiki Kaifu, a politician and Matoko Kobayashi, physicist were his brother.
References
Other websites
Norio Kaifu at IAU.org
1943 births
2019 deaths
Astronomers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Japanese scientists
Jigsaw (Saw character)

John Kramer--known as The Jigsaw Killer or simply Jigsaw--is a fictional character who appears in the Saw franchise as the main antagonist.
Jigsaw made his appearance in the first movie of the series, Saw, and he later appeared in Saw II, Saw III, Saw IV, Saw V, Saw VI, Saw 3D and, eventually, Jigsaw. He is played by American actor Tobin Bell.
Jigsaw ranks No. 30 in Empire magazine's "100 Greatest Movie Characters" list.
Background
In the series' narrative, Kramer is a former civil engineer dying from an inoperable frontal lobe tumor that had developed from colon cancer. After a failed suicide attempt, Kramer found a new appreciation for his life, and went to dedicate the rest of his life to inspiring the same appreciation in others by testing their will to live.
Tests
His methods include forcing his subjects through deadly scenarios, which he referred to as "games" or "tests", in which they were forced to inflict pain upon themselves or others in order to escape. These tests were typically symbolic of what Jigsaw perceived as a flaw in each person's moral character or life. The Jigsaw name was given to him by the media for his practice of cutting a puzzle piece shape of flesh from those who fail.
His videos are recorded with a cheap homemade camera with Billy the Puppet instructing the subjects what to do to live.
References
Other websites
Jigsaw character description in the Saw video game
Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 2004
Fictional murderers
Movie characters
Saw (franchise)
Vocaloid

Vocaloid is a music software that's used to make vocals for music. It was created by Yamaha, a company that sells musical instruments, as well as other products. The user can type in lyrics and a melody and it will synthesize singing. Voicebanks for Vocaloid are made by recording samples of singers.
Vocaloid was developed partially through a research project led by Kenmochi Hideki. The people involved in this project later created the company Voctro Labs. Vocaloid was originally not supposed to be a commercial product, but with the help of Yamaha, became the program we know today.
Vocaloid originally only had an English version available, with two English voicebanks, Leon and Lola, being released for it. This changed later on with the release of Kaito and Meiko, which were both Japanese voicebanks.
Vocaloid is meant both for professional and amateur music makers, since Vocaloid is easy to use, so the only limit is the user's skill. Music groups like Livetune and Supercell have made music using Vocaloid voicebanks.
Technology
Vocaloid works by taking samples of singers and separating them into parts. These parts are used to form words. Vocaloid voices can be made to sound more realistic by using vibrato and changing things like how breathy a voice sounds.
History
Vocaloid
Yamaha started working on Vocaloid in 2000. They announced it at a German music festival. Vocaloid was originally nicknamed "Daisy" as a reference to the song "Daisy Bell", but eventually they got rid of that name and decided to use "Vocaloid" instead.
Vocaloid 2
Vocaloid 2 was announced in 2007. The way vocals were synthesized was changed, and so was the way the program looked.
Vocaloid 3
Vocaloid 3 was released on October 21st, 2011. A lot of companies that made voicebanks for Vocaloid 2 upgraded their voicebanks to Vocaloid 3 because it sounded better.
Vocaloid 4
Vocaloid 4 was released in 2015, and added a feature which let voicebanks made specifically for Vocaloid 4 sound like they were growling.
Vocaloid 5
Vocaloid 5 was released in 2018, with an overhauled user interface and substantial engine improvements.
References
Other websites
Official website
Official website (in English)
Unofficial wiki
Music software
Rototuna

Rototuna is a suburb of Hamilton. It is situated east of Flagstaff and the Waikato River. It is one of the fastest growing suburbs of Hamilton since the late 1990s. It has three shopping centres and has two primary schools, two high schools and a Christian school located in the suburb. It was once a small village until the late 1990s when rapid growth started pouring into the suburb.
References
Hamilton, New Zealand
Alveolar ejective affricate

The alveolar ejective affricate is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
Chicago State University

Chicago State University (CSU) is a Predominantly Black, public university in Chicago, Illinois. It was founded in 1867 as the Cook County Normal School.
References
Colleges and universities in Chicago
1867 establishments in Illinois
Takao Orii

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He managed for Japan women's national team.
Biography
In October 1984, Japan women's national team was formed for the first time in three years for a China expedition, and Japan Football Association appointed Orii as Japan national team manager. Japan played 3 matches against Italy and Australia in Xi'an. However Japan lost in all matches.
Result
References
Living people
Japanese footballers
Japan women's national football team managers
1949 births
Japan national football team managers
Laurence Mancuso

Laurence Mancuso (born June 30, 1934 - died June 10, 2007) was the founding abbot of the New Skete Eastern Orthodox monastic community in upstate New York.
1934 births
2007 deaths
American Eastern Orthodox Christians
Christian religious leaders
Monks
People from New York (state)
Martin Luther, Heretic (1983 movie)

Martin Luther, Heretic was a movie made in 1983, the 500th anniversary of the birth of Martin Luther. The movie starred Jonathan Pryce as Luther and Maurice Denham as Johann von Staupitz.
Plot
The movie begins in the year 1506, while Luther was a monk. The movie ends in the year 1522, when Luther returns from his exile at Wartburg Castle to Wittenberg.
Related pages
Luther film
Other websites
1983 movies
1980s biographical movies
1980s historical movies
British biographical movies
Movies about Martin Luther
1980s English-language movies
Ligron

Ligron is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Kasana

Kasana, Kushana kusana,Kisana or kusane is a Royal Gurjar clan. They mostly live in Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan.An important subcaste of Gurjar or Gujjar clan that are mostly found in (Indian and Pakistani) Punjab.
Kasana (ksaannaa) derived from Kushan(kussaann) )[1] [2] [3] also known as kushane(kusaanne) are a Gujjar clan of Agnivanshi kshatriya lineage.Kasana is also used by Muslim and Sikh gujjars. The believer of the myth, that Gurjars are foreigners, like Sir James Campbell, General Crook, Colonel Todd, Mr. forbs, Dr. Bhagwan Lal Inder Ji and all other has agree that present Kasana gotra of Gurjars are successors of great Kushans .
References
Ethnic groups in Asia
Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
Ethnic groups in India
Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Collective unconscious

Collective unconscious refers to the things in the unconscious mind that are shared between beings of the same species. The term was made by Carl Jung. He said that the human collective unconscious is made up of instincts and archetypes. An archetype is a universal symbol. Some of the archetypes that Carl Jung talked about were The Great Mother, the Wise Old Man, the Shadow, Water, and the Tree of Life. He argued that the collective unconscious had a big influence on people's lives. Critics of the idea say that it is unscientific, fatalistic, or very hard to test scientifically.
Related pages
Blank state
Evolutionary psychology
References
Psychology
Bedford Park, Illinois

Bedford Park is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Loren Dean

Loren Dean (born July 31, 1969) is an American actor. He was born in Las Vegas, Nevada. His career began in 1988. His best known movies are Apollo 13 (1995), How to Make an American Quilt (1995), Gattaca (1997), Enemy of the State (1998) and Space Cowboys (2000).
References
1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Las Vegas
David Yewdall

David Lewis Yewdall (October 30, 1950 - July 4, 2017) was an American production sound mixer. He was born in Springfield, Missouri. He worked with Roger Corman on Battle Beyond the Stars and as the co-supervising sound editor on Talvisota. He published a book about the profession in 2007, Practical art of motion picture sound, which was called a "must-read for all students of film."
In 1996, he became a member of the board of NightPro Technologies Inc (NTI), a sound production company from Provo, Utah. He taught editing and sound at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts until June 2016.
His best known works are The Thing, The Fifth Element and Escape From New York.
Yewdall died on July 4, 2017 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina from pancreatic cancer, aged 66.
References
Other websites
1950 births
2017 deaths
Educators from North Carolina
Writers from Missouri
People from Springfield, Missouri
Wayne Maunder

Wayne E. Maunder (December 19, 1937 - November 11, 2018) was an American actor. He was born in Four Falls, New Brunswick, but raised in Bangor, Maine. He was known for his roles in The Seven Minutes, Porky's, Lancer, Custer and in Chase.
Maunder died of a heart attack on November 11, 2018 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 80.
References
Other websites
1937 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
People from New Brunswick
Actors from Maine
People from Bangor, Maine
Hannelore Elsner

Hannelore Elsner (born Hannelore Elstner; 26 July 1942 - 21 April 2019) was a German actress. She is best known for her lead role as Inspector Lea Sommer in the detective TV series Die Kommissarin (1994-2006). She also appeared in Student of the Bedroom and The Black Forest Clinic. She was born in Burghausen, Bavaria.
Elsner died of breast cancer on 21 April 2019 in Munich. She was 76.
References
Other websites
1942 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Actors from Bavaria
Cancer deaths in Germany
German movie actors
German television actors
A.S.D. Mantova F.C.

A.S.D. Mantova F.C. is a football club which plays in Italy.
Name
1911-1918 A. Mantovana del Calcio
1918-1956 A.C. Mantova
1956-1960 Ozo Mantova
1960-1983 A.C. Mantova
1983-1994 Nuova AC Mantova
1994-2003 Mantova Calcio 1994
2003-2010 A.C. Mantova 1911
2010-present A.S.D. Mantova F.C.
Italian football clubs
Mantua
1911 establishments in Italy
2010s in Italy
Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)

Symphony No. 6 in F major, Op. 68 (Pastorale) is a symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. The composer began making sketches for the symphony in 1806. The symphony was completed in 1808 in the village of Heiligenstadt northwest of Vienna. It was first performed in Vienna, Austria on 22 December 1808 in the Theater an der Wien with the premieres of the Symphony No. 5 in C minor, the Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major, the "Choral" Fantasy, "Ah! perfido!" (a concert aria composed in 1796), and excerpts from the Mass in C major of 1807.
There are five movements in the symphony. The movements in order are allegro ma non troppo ("Joyful Feelings Upon Arriving in the Country"), andante molto mosso ("By the Brook"), allegro ("Peasant Merrymaking"), allegro ("The Thunderstorm"), and allegretto ("The Shepherd's Song After the Storm"). The first movement is in sonata form. It is placid and cheerful. It depicts the composer's feelings as he arrives in the country. The second movement is in sonata form. Beethoven helpfully identified the bird species in the score: nightingale (flute), quail (oboe) and cuckoo (clarinet). The third movement is the scherzo movement of the symphony. It depicts the country folk dancing and it ends unexpectedly when the country folk notice that raindrops are starting to fall. The fourth movement depicts a violent thunderstorm, starting with just a few drops of rain and building to a climax. There is, of course, thunder, as well as lightning, high winds, and sheets of rain. The finale is in sonata rondo form. The first eight bars form a continuation of the introduction of which the storm was the main part; the finale proper begins in the ninth bar.
References
Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. All Music Guide to Classical Music. Backbeat Books. p. 103. .
Symphony 06
Lewis Carroll

Lewis Carroll was the pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Daresbury, Cheshire, 27 January 1832 - Guildford, Surrey, 14 January 1898). Dodgson was an Oxford don, a logician (mathematics expert), a writer, a poet, an Anglican clergyman, and a photographer. He is most famous for his story Alice's Adventures in Wonderland which he told to a young friend, Alice Liddell, when he took the girl and two sisters on a boat trip. Alice enjoyed the story and asked Dodgson to write it down. Carroll then wrote a second story about Alice called Through the Looking-Glass. Both stories are still popular all over the world.
Dodgson was a Fellow of Christ Church, Oxford, specialising in logic and mathematics. He wrote a number of books and pamphlets on the subject. He died of pneumonia in Guildford, Surrey.
Works
Literary works
La Guida di Bragia, a ballad opera for the marionette theatre (around 1850)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)
Phantasmagoria, and other poems (1869). A collection of poems.
Through the Looking-Glass, and what Alice found there (includes "Jabberwocky" and "The Walrus and the Carpenter") (1871)
Pillow Problems
The Hunting of the Snark (1876)
Rhyme? and Reason? (1883) A collection of poems, including Phantasmagoria and The Hunting of the Snark
A Tangled Tale (1886)
Sylvie and Bruno (1889)
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded (1893)
Three Sunsets and other poems
What the Tortoise said to Achilles (1895)
Mathematical works
A syllabus of Plane Algebraic Geometry (1860)
The Fifth Book of Euclid treated algebraically (1858 and 1868)
The Alphabet Cipher.
An elementary treatise on determinants, with their application to simultaneous linear equations and algebraic equations
Euclid and his modern rivals (1879), both literary and mathematical in style
Symbolic Logic Part I
Symbolic Logic Part II (published posthumously)
The Game of Logic
Some popular fallacies about vivisection
Curiosa Mathematica I (1888)
Curiosa Mathematica II (1892)
The Theory of Committees and Elections, collected, edited, analyzed, and published in 1958, by Duncan Black
Further reading
Bowman, Isa 1899. The Story of Lewis Carroll, told by the real Alice in Wonderland. Dent, London
Cohen, Morton N. 1995. Lewis Carroll: a biography. London: Macmillan.
Clark, Ann 1979. Lewis Carroll: a biography. London: J.M. Dent)
Collingwood, Stuart Dodgson 1898. The Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll. London: T. Fisher Unwin
De La Mare, Walter 1932. Lewis Carroll. Faber & Faber, London.
Dodgson, Charles L. The Pamphlets of Lewis Carroll, v.1 The Oxford Pamphlets (1993) ; v.2 The Mathematical Pamphlets (1994) ; v.3 The Political Pamphlets (2001) ; v.4 The Logic Pamphlets (2010)
Lennon, Florence Becker 1947. Lewis Carroll: a biography. Cassell, London.
Williams et al 1979. The Lewis Carroll handbook. Dawson, Kent. List of literature by and about Dodgson.
References
1832 births
1898 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Deaths from pneumonia
English Anglicans
English children's writers
English mathematicians
English novelists
English photographers
English poets
Infectious disease deaths in England
Pen names
People educated at Westminster School, London
Writers from Cheshire
Licinius

Flavius Galerius Valerius Licinianus Licinius (c. 250 - 325) was Roman emperor from 308 AD to 324 AD.
Licinius went with his close friend the Emperor Galerius on the Persian expedition in 297. After the death of Flavius Valerius Severus, Galerius declared Licinius emperor honorific in the West in 308.
On the death of Galerius, in May 311, Licinius shared the entire empire with Maximinus Daia. The Hellespont and the Bosporus were the dividing line.
In 313 he married Flavia Julia Constantia, half-sister of Constantine, at Mediolanum (now Milan). Together with Constantine he issued the "Edict of Milan" that allowed Christianity to be professed in the empire.
On April 30, Licinius won against Maximinus at the Battle of Tzirallum. So he became master of the East, while his brother-in-law, Constantine, was master in the West.
In 314, a civil war began between Licinius and Constantine. Constantine won at Cibalae in Pannonia and again 2 years later in Thrace. Then followed a period during which they worked together. But in 324 Constantine attacked him again and Licinius had to give up. Because his wife, Constantine's sister, asked for his survival he was not killed immediately. In 325 Constantine accused him of starting a conspiracy with the barbarians and had him killed.
References
Other websites
De Imperatoribus Romanis website: Licinius
Socrates Scholasticus account of Licinius' end
250 births
325 deaths
4th-century Roman emperors
Qingpu District

Qingpu District (Chinese: Qing Pu Qu ), western suburban district of Shanghai.
Shanghai
Takehito Suzuki

Takehito Suzuki (born 11 June 1971) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992||rowspan="7"|Yokohama Marinos||rowspan="7"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||2||0||0||0||5||0||7||0
|-
|1994||22||1||4||0||3||0||29||1
|-
|1995||27||3||2||1||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|1996||24||3||1||0||14||1||39||4
|-
|1997||22||1||0||0||0||0||22||1
|-
|1998||13||0||0||0||4||0||17||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||8||1||2||0||0||0||10||1
|-
|1999||29||0||2||0||4||0||35||0
|-
|2000||Gamba Osaka||J. League 1||12||0||4||0||2||0||18||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||21||2||1||0||4||0||26||2
|-
|2002||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||15||0||0||0||0||0||15||0
|-
|2003||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
195||11||16||1||36||1||247||13
195||11||16||1||36||1||247||13
|}
References
1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
ISO 3166-2:AW

ISO 3166-2:AW is the entry for Aruba in ISO 3166-2, it is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which makes codes for the names of the subdivisions (like, provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
ISO 3166
Aruba
Palu

Palu is a chartered city on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, at the mouth of the Palu River. It is the capital of the province of Central Sulawesi.
References
Cities in Indonesia
Kangaroo rat

Kangaroo rats are small rodents from North and Central America. They got their name because they look like small kangaroos when standing upright. But they are not related to kangaroos, except that they are mammals. The genus of the kangaroo rats is called Dipodomys.
Currently, there are 22 species in that genus. They vary in size from 10cm to 20cm, and they weigh between 35 and 180 grams for adult animals.
Kangaroo rats live in dry climates. They can live in deserts also, like the Thar Desert. This means that they have developed traits from other species that live in such climates, but are not related to them. Some of those species are the jerboas, which can be found in the deserts of Africa and Asia, and the hopping mice of the Australian Outback.
All of those species have highly developed hind legs. They also live in deep burrows that protect them from the worst heat of the day. Water may be difficult to find in such climates. Therefore, they only rarely need to drink water. Instead, they have a very efficient metabolism. Their kidneys are much more efficient than human kidneys. They can also chemically split off water from the food they eat.
Kangaroo mice are found in areas of the United States and Mexico, where there is some grass or vegetation left, but which have a rather dry climate. Scientists call those areas arid and semi-arid. The animals live on seeds, leaves, nuts and other fruit they can find. They also catch insects. They are also known for stockpiling (keeping) some food in their burrows, for bad times.
Usually, the animals have a color that blends in nicely with the sandy surroundings. Most often they are a tone of dark yellow to deep brown.
They are nocturnal which means that they are active during the night.
Other websites
Geomyoid rodents
Mammals of North America
Sufferin' Cats

Sufferin' Cats! is a 1943 American animated short movie, and is the 10th Tom & Jerry short. First released to theaters in January 16, 1943 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
1943 movies
English-language movies
Tom and Jerry