pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Savitaipale

Savitaipale is a Finnish municipality in the South Karelia region. As of January 2014, more than 3,700 people lived in Savitaipale.
Savitaipale has an area of 690.78 km2. 151.63 km2 of it is water. The municipality is on the coast of the Lake Kuolimo. Helsinki is 220 km away. Neighbouring municipalities are Kouvola, Lemi, Luumaki, Mikkeli, Mantyharju, Puumala and Taipalsaari. The municipality was established in 1639.
Villages
Havola, Hyrkkala, Jokeinmaa, Kaihtula, Karhula, Kaskeinkyla, Kaulio (Kauliala), Kokkola, Korhola, Korpela, Koskeinkyla, Kuivanen, Kunttula, Kurhila (Jarvia), Kylliala, Karpanen, Laksiainen, Lamminpaa, Luotola, Luotolahti, Lyytikkala, Marttila, Monola, Niinimaki, Paukkula, Peltoinlahti, Pettila, Purtoismaki, Pontyla, Rahikkala, Rantala, Ratasalo, Savitaipale, Solkeinkyla, Susivuori, Saanjarvi, Tukiala, Uiminniemi, Valkolanmaki, Virmajarvi, Valijoki
Other websites
The official Savitaipale page
Municipalities of South Karelia
Fribourg (city)

Fribourg is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg. Both sides of the river Saane/Sarine run through Fribourg. As of December 2011, 36,633 people lived there.
References
Other websites
Capital cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Fribourg
Imperial free cities
Teuschnitz

Teuschnitz () is a town in Kronach, in Bavaria, Germany. It is in the Frankenwald, 19 km north of Kronach, and 15 km east of Sonneberg.
References
Kronach (district)
Chuandongocoelurus

Chuandongocoelurus is a tetanuran theropod dinosaur from the Jurassic of China.
Discovery and naming
The type species Chuandongocoelurus primitivus was first described and named by Chinese paleontologist He Xinlu in 1984.
Chuandongocoelurus was based on two partial skeletons. The holotype, a thighbone, is part of specimen CCG 20010. Vertebrae, pelvic bones and hindlimb elements, also catalogued under this inventory number, may belong to the same individual. Chaundongocoelurus was a close relative of Elaphrosaurus
The thighbone of C. primitivus has a length of 20.1 cm.
References
Other websites
Details on Chuandongocoelurus, from the Dinosaur Mailing List (includes full redescription)
Tetanurans
Rock and Roll Over

Rock and Roll Over is the fifth studio album and sixth album overall by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on November 11, 1976.
Track listing
I Want You
Take Me
Calling Dr. Love
Ladies Room
Baby Driver
Love 'Em and Leave 'Em
Mr. Speed
See You in Your Dreams
Hard Luck Woman
Makin' Love
Kiss (band) albums
1976 albums
Hard rock albums
Heavy metal albums
North Little Rock, Arkansas

North Little Rock is a city in the U.S. state of Arkansas.
Cities in Pulaski County, Arkansas
Thermodynamic potential

In thermodynamics, thermodynamic potentials are parameters associated with a thermodynamic system and have the dimensions of energy. They are called "potentials" because in a sense, they describe the amount of potential energy in a thermodynamic system when it is subjected to certain constraints. The different potentials correspond to different constraints to which the system may be subjected. The four most common thermodynamic potentials are:
where T = temperature, S = entropy, p = pressure, V = volume. The Helmholtz free energy is often denoted by the symbol F, but the use of A is preferred by IUPAC (See Alberty, 2001). is the number of particles of type i in the system. For the sake of completeness, the set of all are also included as natural variables, although they are sometimes ignored.
Description and interpretation
Thermodynamic potentials are very useful when calculating the equilibrium results of a chemical reaction, or when measuring the properties of materials in a chemical reaction. The chemical reactions usually take place under some simple constraints such as constant pressure and temperature, or constant entropy and volume, and when this is true, there is a corresponding thermodynamic potential which comes into play. Just as in mechanics, the system will tend towards lower values of potential and at equilibrium, under these constraints, the potential will take on an unchanging minimum value. The thermodynamic potentials can also be used to estimate the total amount of energy available from a thermodynamic system under the appropriate constraint.
References
Other websites
Thermodynamic Potentials - Georgia State University
Chemical Potential Energy: The 'Characteristic' vs the Concentration-Dependent Kind
Thermodynamics
Skien

Skien is a city and a municipality in Telemark, Norway. Skien is the capital of Vestfold og Telemark county. Skien has a population of 55 079.
Geography
Skien is located in the South-East of Telemark. The closest city to Skien is Porsgrunn. Together Skien and Porsgrunn is the seventh largest urban area in Norway. Skienselva is a river flowing through the city, dividing Skien in half.
Notable people
Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), Norwegian author.
Bard Tufte Johansen (born 1969), Norwegian comedian.
References
Cities in Norway
Municipalities of Norway
Giant huntsman spider

The giant huntsman spider (, from , meaning "the largest") is a spider of the Heteropoda genus. It is found in Laos, where it was discovered in 2001. The spider lives in caves.
In December 2008, a World Wide Fund for Nature report states that it is "the world's largest huntsman spider".
Appearance
This spider is yellowish-brown with many dark spots on the rear half, in no order. The legs have wide dark bands before the first bend. Like all huntsman spiders, the legs of the giant huntsman spider are long compared to the body, and twist forward in a crab-like way.
It is the largest member of the Sparassidae, with a 30 centimeter (12 inches) leg-span, and 4.6 centimeter body-length. The largest known member of the Sparassidae known prior to the discovery of H. maxima was the Australian Beregama aurea (L. Koch, 1875) with a body length of about 4 centimeters.
References
Sparassidae
Nurhaci

Taizu Emperor (, 1559 - 1626) was the founding father of the Qing Dynasty. His name was Nurhaci and Aisin Gioro was his surname. The reign name was Tian Ming. Nurhaci was Manchurian. He was also the creator of the Manchu alphabet.
Life
In 1580, Nurhaci became the Jianzhou general of the Ming Dynasty. He unified the Manchu tribe and organised the Eight Banners.
In 1616, Nurhaci declared himself Khan (King) and founded the Jin Dynasty in Liaoning.
In 1618, in order to encourage people to against the Ming Dynasty. Nurhaci wrote an article called the Seven Great Vexations and sent it to the public.
Form 1618 until 1622, Nurhaci led armies to against the Ming Dynasty. He successfully occupied 70 cities in the north-eastern part of China. The capital was changed to Liao Yang after several battles.
In 1622, Nurhaci's armies captured Guangning.
In 1626, Nurhaci led armies to attack the Ningyuan city. Unluckily, Nurhaci was wounded by Yuan Chonghuan's Portuguese cannon and he died 2 days later at a little town called De-A Man.
Emperors of Qing Dynasty
1559 births
1626 deaths
17th century in China
Submarine

A submarine (or sub) is a vessel that goes underwater. Most large submarines are war vessels. Some small ones are used for scientific or business purposes. These are often called "submersibles" and cannot go far or stay long away from base. Some people buy their own to explore under the sea. A submarine is a boat, not a ship.
History
Early submarines were often powered by hand. This is because boat engines had not been invented yet. They were almost always made for war. Submarines would try to sink enemy ships by crude methods. These included drilling screws into their wooden hulls. Some tried to blow up a ship. This often destroyed the submarine, too. At the end of the 19th century, the Whitehead torpedo and electrical systems allowed much better submarines.
These better submarines were much used during the First and Second World Wars. Many of these better submarines were created by Germany, called U-boats. The submarines were powered by a diesel-electric system. A diesel motor would be used to turn a generator. The generator would charge a large battery while the submarine was on the surface. The power in the battery was then used by the submarine when it went underwater. These submarines were dangerous to enemies. They were difficult to see while underwater but it was easy to attack them when they surfaced to recharge. Many modern boats still use this diesel-electric propulsion system.
The First Battle of the Atlantic was the first major battle that was mainly fought between submarines and their enemies. As in later wars, the main jobs of submarines were to enforce a blockade and to sink enemy warships. They usually attacked freighters at night, shooting with their deck guns and then hiding under the water. Sometimes they used their torpedoes, which they could fire while underwater, especially against larger ships and warships. During World War II The US Navy lost around 52 submarines due to combat and non-combat causes.
After World War II better sonar helped the enemies of submarines to find and destroy them. New subs were more streamlined and had no deck guns because water dragging against the guns made noise underwater and slowed the subs.
Modern submarines
Most large modern military submarines are powered by nuclear reactors. These submarines often have a system which can get air from the seawater. These two things allow them to stay underwater for long periods of time. Their most important uses are attacking ships or launching missiles. These include cruise missiles and nuclear missiles. There are two main kinds of subs. Attack submarines are small and fast. They attack other subs and surface ships with torpedos. Missile subs are larger and slower. They are built to shoot missiles at far-away targets on land.
Other websites
Submarine -Citizendium
Warships
Saint-Urbain, Finistère

Saint-Urbain () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
References
Communes in Finistere
Floydada, Texas

Floydada is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Floyd County.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Beaufou

Beaufou is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Communes in Vendee
2 States (2014 movie)

2 States is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film based on Chetan Bhagat's 2009 novel 2 States: The Story of My Marriage and written by Abhishek Varman and Bhagat. Directed by Varman in his directorial debut, the film was jointly produced by Karan Johar and Sajid Nadiadwala. It stars Arjun Kapoor and Alia Bhatt in lead roles and Ronit Roy, Revathi, Amrita Singh and Shiv Kumar Subramaniam in supporting roles.
It was released on 18 April 2014 to positive reviews and became a huge critical and commercial success. Everyone loved the music, cast performances, story and direction, and as a result, the film earned in worldwide markets.
Cast
Alia Bhatt as Ananya Krish Malhotra (nee Swaminathan), Krish's wife, Shiv and Radha's daughter.
Arjun Kapoor as Krish Malhotra, Ananya's husband, Kavita and Vikram's son.
Amrita Singh as Kavita Malhotra (Krish's mother)
Ronit Roy as Vikram Malhotra (Krish's father)
Revathi as Radha Swaminathan (Ananya's mother)
Shiv Kumar Subramaniam as Shiv Swaminathan (Ananya's father)
Sharang Natrajan as Manju Swaminathan (Ananya's brother)
Amit Bhargav as Harish (Ananya's proposed husband)
Achint Kaur as Shipra Mehra (Krish's aunt)
Dilip Merala as Mohit Oberoi (Krish's classmate)
Aru Krishansh Verma as Duke
Bikramjeet Kanwarpal as Rajji Mama
Neil Shah as Ramanuj
Madhu Anand Chandhock as Duke's Mother
References
Other websites
Slum

A slum is a part of a city or a town where many poor people live. It is a place where people may not have basic needs, such as running water, electricity, toilets, telephones, etc. Some of these people may also have social disadvantages, such as unemployment, no access to education, no access to health care, no municipal services, etc. There are slums in most of the big cities of developing countries and least developed countries (which are also labelled as the "Third World"). They may not be called slum, however; see shanty town.
Victorian London
Charles Dickens was a great author of Victorian London. His account of the St Giles rookery was:
"Wretched houses with broken windows patched with rags and paper; every room let out to a different family, and in many instances to two or even three - fruit and 'sweetstuff' manufacturers in the cellars, barbers and red-herring vendors in the front parlours, cobblers in the back; a bird-fancier in the first floor, three families on the second, starvation in the attics, Irishmen in the passage, a 'musician' in the front kitchen, a charwoman and five hungry children in the back one - filth everywhere - a gutter before the houses, and a drain behind - clothes drying, and slops emptying from the windows; (...) men and women, in every variety of scanty and dirty apparel, lounging, scolding, drinking, smoking, squabbling, fighting, and swearing".
Dickens, Sketches by Boz, 1839.
Sources
Mike Davis, Planet of Slums, 2006
Elizabeth Blum/ Peter Neitzke Favela Metropolis 2004
Other websites
http://skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=131517
South Africa slum dwellers' movement
Slums of Victorian London
Slums of New Delhi, India
Every third person will be a slum dweller within 30 years, UN agency warns; John Vidal; The Guardian; October 4, 2003.
Mute Magazine Vol 2#3, Naked Cities - Struggle in the Global Slums
Shanty towns
Persona non grata

In diplomacy, a (Latin: "person not welcome", plural: ) is a status sometimes given by a host country to foreign diplomats to remove their protection by diplomatic immunity from arrest and other normal kinds of prosecution.
References
Latin phrases
WildBrain

WildBrain (formerly known as DHX Media) is a Canadian production company and animation studio. WildBrain produces children's television programming. The company is best known for producing My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, Franny's Feet, Strawberry Shortcake, Sonic Prime, Ella the Elephant and Johnny Test.
References
Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye

The Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a well-known hospital in the Poissy and Saint-Germain-en-Laye, close to Paris. It was created in 1997.
It is partner of the Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.
References
Further reading
CHIPS
1997 establishments in France
Hospitals in France
Yvelines
San Germano Chisone

San Germano Chisone is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Settlements in Piedmont
Licypriya Kangujam

Licypriya Kangujam (born 2 October 2011) is a child environmental activist from Manipur, India. She belongs to the Meitei ethnicity of Manipur. She is one of the youngest global climate activists that has addressed world leaders at the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2019 to take immediate climate actions. Licypriya has been campaigning for climate action in India since 2018. Her campaigns were to pass new laws to change India's high pollution levels. She also campaigned to make climate-change literacy mandatory in schools.
She has been called as "India's Greta Thunberg". However, she does not like the usage of this term.
Activities
Licypriya started working against climate change in July 2018. She was inspired by the climate activist Greta Thunberg. On 21 June 2019, Licypriya started spending a week outside the Indian Parliament House to draw the attention of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to pass a climate change law in India. On 31 August 2019, Licypriya received the "World Children Peace Prize 2019". It was given by Mr. Charles Allen, Director of Partnerships of Global Peace Index - Institute of Economics & Peace (IEP), Australia. She received the award in an event organized by the Regional Alliance of Fostering Youth and Ministry of Youth Sports and Community Empowerment, Government of Maldives. She was also honored with the title "Rising Star" by the Earth Day Network, Washington, D.C., USA.
On 19 November 2019, she was given the "SDGs Ambassador Award 2019" at Chandigarh University by Dainik Bhaskar and NITI Aayog, Government of India. Licypriya also received the "Global Child Prodigy Award 2020" on 3 January 2020 in New Delhi by Lieutenant Governor of Pondicherry Kiran Bedi.
On 18 February 2020, she addressed the TEDxSBSC held in University of Delhi, New Delhi, India. On 23 February 2020, she addressed the TEDxGateway held in Mumbai and received a standing ovation for her speech. She addressed TEDx talks for the six times by the time she was nine years old.
References
Meitei people
2009 births
Living people
Climate activists
Youth activists
Andrew Kishore

Andrew Kishore (4 November 1955 - 6 July 2020) was a Bangladeshi playback folk singer. He was known as the king of Dhallywood. Kishore was born in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
His notable songs include "Jiboner Golpo Achhe Baki Olpo", "Dak Diyachhen Doyal Amare", "Haire Manush Rongin Fanush", "Amar Shara Deho Kheyo Go Mati", "Amar Buker Moddhe Khane", "Amar Babar Mukhe Prothom Jedin Shunechilam Gan", "Bhengeche Pinjor Meleche Dana", and "Shobai To Bhalobasha Chae".
Kishore won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer eight times for the movies Boro Bhalo Lok Chhilo (1982), Surrender (1987), Khotipuron (1989), Padma Meghna Jamuna (1991), Kabul (1996), Aaj Gaye Holud (2000), Saajghor (2007) and Ki Jadu Korila (2008).
Kishore died on 6 July 2020 at a hospital in Rajshahi, Bangladesh from Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, aged 64.
References
1955 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Bangladeshi singers
Folk singers
Window (computing)

In computing, a window is an area on a computer screen. This area usually shows an application or folder. Windows can be made bigger or smaller, and can be opened or closed. They can also be minimized. They are usually in the shape of a rectangle.
Windows are very obvious in graphical user interfaces as they are the main means of displaying information to users. The most famous of these is the appropriately named "Windows" operating system made by Microsoft.
References
Computer terminology
You See the Trouble with Me

"You See the Trouble with Me" is a 1976 song by American soul singer Barry White. It is from his fifth studio album, Let the Music Play. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom, number 14 in Germany, number 15 in Ireland, number 19 in the Netherlands and number 23 in Canada. It was covered by Italian musical group Black Legend in 2000 where it topped the charts in the United Kingdom.
Track listing
European 7-inch single (1976)
"You See The Trouble With Me" - 3:18
"I'm So Blue And You Are Too" - 4:21
References
1976 songs
Barry White songs
Boycott

A boycott is a protest where the protesters do not buy a product or give money to a company. Instead of buying a certain product, they might also buy another, very similar product from a different company.
The word was made during the Irish Land War'. It comes from the name of Captain Charles Boycott. Boycott was in charge of looking after the land of a landlord in County Mayo, Ireland. In 1880, the tenants (those who rented) wanted their rent lowered. Boycott refused, and threw them out of the land they had rented. The Irish Land League then proposed that instead of becoming violent, everyone in the community should stop doing business with Captain Boycott. The captain was soon isolated. No one helped him with the harvest, no one worked in his stables or his house. Local businessmen no longer traded with him, the postman no longer delivered his post.
To get his harvest done, he had to hire 50 people from other counties, the counties Cavan and Monaghan. They were escorted to and from their work by 1000 policemen. Of course, this cost far more than what the harvest was worth.
Other websites
boycott resources
List of boycotts at EthicalConsumer.org
Economics
Protests
Elizabeth Ashley

Elizabeth Cole (better known as Elizabeth Ashley; August 30 1939) is an American stage, television series and movie actress. She received the Tony Award for "Best Featured Actress in a Play". She has performed in many Broadway plays and movies. She was in the television sitcom Evening Shade in the 1990s. She is originally from Ocala, Florida.
References
Other websites
American movie actors
Tony Award winning actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Florida
1939 births
Living people
Sundbyberg Municipality

Sundbyberg Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Sundbyberg.
References
Other websites
Sundbyberg Municipality
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Diana Dadabaeva

Diana Dadabaeva (born 29 July 1991) is an Uzbekistani female water polo player. She was a member of the Uzbekistan women's national water polo team.
She was a part of the team at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships, 2010 Asian Games, 2011 World Aquatics Championships, and 2013 World Aquatics Championships.
References
Other websites
Sze Wai Yeung, Diana Dadabaeva - Asian Games zimbio
Uzbekistan's Diana Dadabaeva (L) throw getty
1991 births
Living people
Uzbekistani water polo players
Barbara C. Harris

Barbara Clementine Harris (June 12, 1930 - March 13, 2020) was an American bishop of the Episcopal Church. She was the first woman ordained a bishop in the Anglican Communion. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
From 1989 to 2003, she was the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts. From 2003 to 2007, Harris was Bishop in the Episcopal Diocese of Washington.
In February 2020, Harris was hospitalized for "serious gastrointestinal problems" and had surgery. She died at the hospital on March 13, 2020 in Lincoln, Massachusetts from surgery-related problems, aged 89.
References
Other websites
Barbara C. Harris Camp & Conference Center website
Harris' oral history video excerpts at the National Visionary Leadership Project
"The Right Reverend Barbara C. Harris, 1930-", Leadership Gallery, The Church Awakens.
1930 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Episcopalian bishops
African-American people
People from Philadelphia
Neyveli

Neyveli is a town in Cuddalore district, Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town was developed in 1956 after the establishment (construction) of Neyveli Lignite Corporation.
History
In 1935, the presence of black particles was discovered. It was found that the particles are Lignite. The Neyveli Lignite Corporation was formed by the Government of India in 1956. The mining of lignite was started in 1962. Later thermal power station was started in 1962 with the co-operation of U.S.S.R.
Population
As per 2011 census, population of Neyveli is 105,687.The male and female population are 53,442 and 52,245 respectively. Average literacy rate of Neyveli city is 90.98%. The sex ratio is 978 females per 1000 males.
Reference
Cuddalore district
Kata Tjuta

Kata Tjuta, sometimes written Tjuta (Kata Joota), and also known as Mount Olga or The Olgas), is a group of large rock formations in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located about southwest of Alice Springs. Kata Tjuta and Uluru, to the east, make up the two focus points of the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park. The rock is conglomerate, a sedimentary rock made up of clusters of different types of rock (including granite and basalt), covered in sandstone. There are 36 domes covering an area of . The highest point, Mount Olga, is above sea level. It is about above the ground around it. It is about higher than Uluru.
References
Mountains of the Northern Territory
World Heritage Sites in Australia
Pitjantjatjara
Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris

Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris, commonly named Sup'Biotech, is a French private, non-profit university establishment. It is in Villejuif (close to Paris), and in Lyon, France. The school was created in 2003. Sup'Biotech specialises in Biotechnology. The school is part of IONIS Education Group.
Bibliography
Biotechnologies. Les promesses du vivant., Villejuif, FYP Editions, 2015, 256 p. ()
Planete biotech - 2030 : la vie avec les biotechnologies, Villejuif, FYP Editions, 2023, 254 p. ()
References
2003 establishments in Europe
Technical colleges and universities in France
2000s establishments in France
Campbell Newman

Campbell Kevin Thomas Newman (born 12 August 1963) was the 38th Premier of Queensland. He is from the Liberal National Party of Queensland. He became Premier on 26 March 2012 after his party won the state election. Prior to that he was the 15th Lord Mayor of Brisbane from 2004 to 2011. At the Queensland state election on Saturday 31 January 2015, Newman lost his seat of Ashgrove to his predecessor Kate Jones. Newman will retire from politics after he lost his own parliamentary seat and on 14 February 2015, Annastacia Palaszczuk was sworn in as Premier.
References
1963 births
Living people
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Lord Mayors of Brisbane
Politicians from Brisbane
People from Canberra
Premiers of Queensland
Danny Goldman

Daniel Goldman (October 30, 1939 - April 12, 2020) was an American actor and casting director. He was known as the voice of Brainy Smurf in Hanna-Barbera's The Smurfs (1981-1989) and as the medical student in the opening scene of Young Frankenstein (1974). Goldman was born in New York City.
Goldman died on April 12, 2020 in Los Angeles from problems caused by multiple strokes, aged 80.
References
Other websites
1939 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Gilching

Gilching is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Upper Bavaria in Germany.
Twin towns
Gilching is twinned with:
Cecina, Italy, since 1989
References
Other websites
Official website of the municipality of Gilching
Starnberg (district)
Archie Roach

Archibald William Roach (8 January 1956 - 30 July 2022) was an aboriginal-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist. Roach was born in Mooroopna, Victoria, Australia. His songs are popular in the Australian Aboriginal community.
Early Life
At the age of three or four, Roach was taken from his family by the Australian government. His two sisters were also taken away. After spending time in an orphanage, he was raised in Melbourne, Australia, by a white family, who had moved to Melbourne from Scotland.
As a teenager, Roach ran away from home to look for his biological parents. After running away, while homeless and abusing alcohol, Roach met his wife, musician Ruby Hunter. During the late 1980s, Roach and Hunter created a band named "Altogether" with other Aboriginal musicians.
Health and death
In mid-2011, Roach was diagnosed with early lung cancer, and had one of his lungs removed. While recovering, he released his hit album "Into the Bloodstream."
Roach died on July 30, 2022 in Warrnambool, Victoria from a long-illness, aged 66.
Awards and achievements
His album Charcoal Lane won an ARIA Award as the Best Indigenous Album of the Year. He was given an ARIA Award as the Best New Talent. The Rolling Stone Magazine listed it in the Top 50 Albums of 1992. Looking for the Butter Boy won three ARIA Awards in 1998.
In 2013, Roach won a Deadly Award for Album of the Year. He has also won two ARIA awards and a national Human Rights Award for his songs "Took the Child Away" and "Charcoal Lane." Many of his songs talk about his experiences and the difficulties he has faced as an Aboriginal Australian.
In 2015 Roach was made a member of the Order of Australia.
Discography
Koorie (with Ruby Hunter) (1989)
Charcoal Lane (1990)
Jamu Dreaming (1993)
Searching for the Butter Boy (1997)
Sensual Being (2002)
The Tracker (Movie soundtrack 2002)
Journey (2007)
Into the Bloodstream (2012)
References
Other websites
http://www.murundakdocumentary.com/artists/archie-roach/
http://www.archieroach.com.au/#!/page_More
http://trove.nla.gov.au/people/594496
http://www.theglobalmail.org/feature/stolen-lost-and-found/446/
Indigenous Australian musicians
Order of Australia
1956 births
2022 deaths
Australian rock singers
Australian rock musicians
Australian guitarists
Australian singer-songwriters
Musicians from Victoria (Australia)
Writers from Victoria (Australia)
Reno, Nevada

Reno is a city in the American state of Nevada. It is the county seat of Washoe County. As of 2020, there were 264,165 people living in Reno. Charles Fuller built the first log cabin in 1859 and was named Lakes Crossing in 1861.
References
Other websites
Cities in Nevada
County seats in Nevada
Steve Soto

Steve Soto (August 23, 1963 - June 27, 2018) was an American punk guitarist. Soto was once part of California punk rock band Agent Orange, and started Adolescents in 1980 performing on bass guitar in both bands. He was born in California.
Soto died on June 27, 2018 at the age of 54.
References
1963 births
2018 deaths
American punk musicians
American guitarists
Musicians from California
Homeland

A homeland (rel. country of origin and native land) is the concept of the territory (cultural geography) to which an ethnic group holds a long history and a deep cultural association with. It's the country in which a particular national identity began.
Cultural geography
Nationalism
Ethnicity
Rodney Bickerstaffe

Rodney Kevan Bickerstaffe (6 April 1945 - 3 October 2017) was a British trade unionist. He served as President of the United Kingdom National Pensioners Convention. He was leader of Britain's largest trade union, UNISON until 2001. He was born in Hammersmith, London, England.
Bickerstaffe died in London on 3 October 2017 at the age of 72.
References
Other websites
National Pensioners Convention website
Ken Gill Memorial Fund
1945 births
2017 deaths
British activists
People from London
Sandrine Doucet

Sandrine Doucet (10 September 1959 - 4 February 2019) was a French politician. She was a member of the Socialist Party. Doucet was a Deputy between 2012 and 2017 representing Gironde's 1st constituency. Doucet did not seek re-election in 2017.
Doucet died of cancer at age 59 on 4 February 2019.
References
1959 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in France
French politicians
Berrieux

Berrieux is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Amiens

Amiens is a city in Somme in the former province of Picardy in northern France. About 145,000 people live there. The Treaty of Amiens was signed there.
Other websites
This town at the Historical Association for Joan of Arc Studies
Departmental capitals in France
Former regional capitals in France
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sweden

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sweden () is part of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has been around in Sweden since 1850. It's headquarters are the Stockholm Sweden Temple. The Stockholm Sweden Temple is located in Vasterhaninge.
References
Other websites
Official website
1850 establishments in Europe
Mormonism
Protestantism in Sweden
19th-century establishments in Sweden
Ryutaro Hashimoto

was a Japanese politician. He was the 82nd and 83rd Prime Minister of Japan from 11 January 1996 to 30 July 1998. He was the leader of one of the largest factions within the ruling LDP.
Hashimoto died on 1 July 2006 in Tokyo, Japan from complication after abdominal surgery, aged 68.
References
Other websites
Reuters. (July 1, 2006). Former Japan PM Hashimoto dies at 68. In Chinadaily.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2006.
Water Voices from Around The World. (October 17, 2007). Hashimoto's letter addressed To People of the World.
Junichiro Koizumi. August 8, 2006. Memorial Address at the Joint Memorial Service by the Cabinet and Liberal Democratic Party for the Late Ryutaro Hashimoto. Retrieved on February 9, 2007.
1937 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Prime Ministers of Japan
People from Okayama Prefecture
Deputy Prime Ministers of Japan
Keio University alumni
John List

John Emil List (September 17, 1925 - March 21, 2008) was an American murderer.
Murders and trial
On November 9, 1971, List killed his wife, mother, and three children at their home in Westfield, New Jersey. He then disappeared. A month after the murder, police discovered the dead bodies.
List created a new identity, remarried, and was not arrested for nearly 18 years. He was finally arrested in Virginia on June 1, 1989, after the story of his murders was broadcast on the television program America's Most Wanted. He was convicted on five counts of murders and sentenced to life in prison.
He was known as "The Boogeyman of Westfield."
Death
List died in prison in Trenton, New Jersey on March 21, 2008 from pneumonia at the age of 82.
References
Other websites
Transcript of the five-page letter penned by List to his pastor following the murders of his family
Newspaper articles on John List
John List, famous murder - The Crime Library
1925 births
2008 deaths
American murderers
American people convicted of murder
Criminals from Michigan
Deaths from pneumonia
People from Trenton, New Jersey
Accountants
People who died in prison custody in the United States
Stiff-tailed duck

The stiff-tailed ducks are part of the Oxyurinae subfamily of ducks. All have, as their name implies, long stiff tail feathers, which are erect when the bird is at rest. All have relatively large swollen bills.
These are freshwater diving ducks. Their legs are set far back, making them awkward on land, so they rarely leave the water.
Their unusual displays involve drumming noises from inflatable throat-sacs, head throwing, and erecting short crest.
Feather sequences are complicated, and it is hard to tell how old one of these ducks is. Feathers are vital for survival because of this animals tendency to spend time in the water. Without feathers this duck would die of hypothermia because it could not regulate its body temperature.
Ducks
Caramelization

Caramelization is a process when sugars go brown when heated. It also gives sugar a more nutty taste. Caramelans (C24H36O18), caramelens (C36H50O25), and caramelins (C125H188O80) are responsible for the brown color.
Uses in food
Caramelization is used to in several foods:
Caramel sauce, a sauce made with caramel
Confiture de lait and Dulce de leche, caramelized, sweetened milk
Caramel candies
Creme Caramel, and the similar Creme Brulee, a custard dish topped with sugar caramelized with a blowtorch
Caramelized onions, which are used in dishes like French onion soup. Onions require 30 to 45 minutes of cooking to caramelize.
Caramelized potatoes
Caramelized pears
Cola, of which some brands use caramelized sugar in small amounts for color
Note that many caramelized foods also uses the Maillard reaction; particularly recipes having protein.
References
Cooking methods
Nederweert

Nederweert is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 17,001 people lived there.
Settlements in Limburg (Netherlands)
Municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Cambron

Cambron is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Olympe de Gouges

Olympe de Gouges (; born Marie Gouze; 7 May 17483 November 1793) was a French activist, feminist, playwright, and political writer.
She was born in Montauban, France. De Gouges never went to school. She had strong opinions about politics, and she liked to write about her opinions.
In 1765, when de Gouges was 17, she married a French officer, named Louis Aubrey, who was older than her. They had one child together. Three years later, Louis died in a flood. De Gouges was relieved, and never married again.
De Gouges wanted to be a writer. So, she moved to Paris, and left her son behind. She made a writer name out of her parents names mixed together.
She used high ranking men to gain power. When she started writing, she wrote plays, political documents, and novels. Some of her work was: Le Mariage inattendu de Cheacute;rubin and Zamore et Mirza ou l'Heureux naufrage.
She started to write documents about human rights, mostly for women. At the time, France was divided about rights. De Gouges may not have saved her country, but she did give her opinion to this debate.
References
1748 births
1793 deaths
Abolitionists
Executed French people
Feminist writers
French feminists
French playwrights
People executed by decapitation
Daniel Berrigan

Daniel Joseph Berrigan, S.J. (May 9, 1921 - April 30, 2016), was an American Jesuit priest, anti-war activist, and poet. He moved to Syracuse, New York at age five. He was known for protesting against the Vietnam War during the 1970s. It also landed him on the FBI's "most wanted list", on the cover of TIME magazine, and in prison. In 1980, he founded the Plowshares Movement, an anti-nuclear protest group, that put him back into the national spotlight.
Berrigan died on April 30, 2016 in The Bronx, New York City after a long-illness, aged 94.
References
1921 births
2016 deaths
American activists
Educators from Minnesota
American poets
People from Syracuse, New York
Writers from Minnesota
Writers from New York (state)
Senatobia, Mississippi

Senatobia is the county seat of Tate County, Mississippi, United States.
Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Mary Ann Mobley

Mary Ann Mobley (February 17, 1939 - December 9, 2014) was an American television and movie actress. She appeared in the sitcoms Designing Women and Diff'rent Strokes, and in other television programs. She was Miss America 1959. She was married to actor Gary Collins until his death in 2012.
Mobley died at her home in Beverly Hills, California from breast cancer, aged 75.
References
Other websites
Mary Ann Mobley Official Website
The Girl from U.N.C.L.E.
1939 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Mississippi
Miss America winners
People from Biloxi, Mississippi
Hubert Hughes

Hubert Benjamin Hughes (15 October 1933 - 7 May 2021) was an Anguillian politician. He was the island territory's Chief Minister from 16 March 1994 to 6 March 2000, and again between February 2010 and April 2015.
Hughes died on 7 May 2021, aged 87.
References
1933 births
2021 deaths
Chief Ministers of Anguilla
Mohali

Mohali is a city in the Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district, Punjab, India. It is the headquarters of Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district. It was officially named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh as SAS Nagar ("The City of Sahibzada Ajit Singh"). He was the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh. It is still known popularly as 'Mohali'.
Demographics
As per 2011 census Mohali had a population of 176,170. In this males were 92,301 and females were 83,869. The literacy rate was 91.96% per cent. The sex ratio of Mohali is 909 females per 1000 males. Sikhism is the majority religion in Mohali. About 51.53% of the people are Sikhs. Hinduism is the second most followed religion here. 45.5% people in Mohali are Hindus. Minority religions here are Muslims, Christians, Buddhists and Jains.
Religious places
Gurdwara Singh Shaheedan
Shri Thakur Dwara Mandir (Hanuman Mandir)
Mandir Mata Raj Rajeshwari, located near the Khadhi Bhandaar office
Shiv Mandir
Jamia Masjid
Badri Narayan Mandir
Gurdwara Akal Ashram
Sri Guru Harkrishan Sahib Gurdwara
Sohana Hospital
Sai Mandir
Jamia-e-Ali Masjid
Sahib Ganj Masjid
Durga Mata Mandir
Sri Hanuman Mandir
References
Cities in Punjab, India
Fearless Leader

Fearless Leader is the main antagonist in the 1959-1964 The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. In the show, he employs fellow main villains Boris Badenov and Natasha Fatale. He was originally voiced by Bill Scott and currently by Maddie Taylor.
Fictional characters introduced in the 1950s
Television characters
Mame Madior Boye

Mame Madior Boye (born 1940) is a Senegalese politician. He was Prime Minister of Senegal from 2001 to 2002. She was the first female holder of that position.
References
1940 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Senegal
Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum

The Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum (also called The National Israeli Museum of the Sea) is a museum in Haifa. It covers the history of Israel at sea, starting with clandestine immigration during the British Mandate of Palestine. It also includes the history of the Israeli navy.
Other websites
The Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum on IMuseum
Museums in Haifa
Taishō period

The , also known as the Taisho era, was a after Meiji and before Showa. This period started on July 30, 1912 and it ended on December 25, 1926. During this time, the emperor was .
The nengo Taisho means "Great Justice" or "Great Righteousness".
Events of the Taisho period
The years in which Taisho was the Japanese monarch comprise this period or era.
1920 (Taisho 9): First census of Japan, population 77 million
1921 (Taisho 10): Prince Hirohito was made regent (sessho)
1923 (Taisho 12): Great Kanto earthquake;
1925 (Taisho 14): The Emperor accepts the principle of the right to vote for everyone
Politics
1912 (Taisho 1): Emperor Meiji died; and Saionji Kinmochi was the Prime Minister during the time of transition.
1912 (Taisho 1): Katsura Taro became 15th Prime Minister of Japan
1913 (Taisho 2): Yamamoto Gonbee became 16th Prime Minister
1914 (Taisho 3): Okuma Shigenobu became 17th Prime Minister
1916 (Taisho 5): Terauchi Masatake became 18th Prime Minister
1918 (Taisho 7): Hara Takashi became 19th Prime Minister
1921 (Taisho 10): Takahashi Korekiyo became 20th Prime Minister
1922 (Taisho 11): Kato Tomosaburo became 21st Prime Minister
1923 (Taisho 12): Yamamoto became 22nd Prime Minister
1924 (Taisho 13): Kiyoura Keigo became 23rd Prime Minister
1924 (Taisho 13): Kato Takaaki became 24th Prime Minister
1926 (Taisho 15):Wakatsuki Reijiro became 25th Prime Minister
Gallery
Related pages
List of emperors of Japan
Japanese era name
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
1912 establishments in Asia
1910s establishments in Japan
1926 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in Japan
1920s disestablishments in Asia
Destiny (1921 movie)

Destiny (: ein deutsches volkslied in 6 versen (Weary Death: A German Folk Story in Six Verses); originally released in the United States as Behind the Wall) is a 1921 German romantic fantasy movie directed by Fritz Lang and starring Lil Dagover, Walter Janssen, Bernhard Goetzke, Hans Sternberg, Max Adelbert, Wilhelm Diegelman, Karl Platen, Max Pfeiffer, Grete Berger.
Other websites
1921 romance movies
1920s fantasy movies
German fantasy movies
German romance movies
German silent movies
Movies directed by Fritz Lang
Chaleins

Chaleins is a commune. It is in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region in the Ain department in the east of France.
References
Communes in Ain
O. Panneerselvam

O.Panneerselvam is an Indian politician. He is the 6th Chief Minister And 2th Deputy Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu. Panneerselvam is a senior leader of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.
Living people
Tamil Nadu politicians
1951 births
Liberty Mutual

Liberty Mutual Group, normally known as Liberty Mutual, is a worldwide insurance company. It was started in 1912. The head office is based in Boston, Massachusetts. It employs over 45,000 people in over 900 offices around the world.
They are the third largest property and casualty insurer in the United States based on 2010 written premium. Liberty Mutual rank 77th on the Fortune 100 list of largest corporations in the U.S. based on 2019 revenue. As of December 31, 2019, they had $43.2 billion in annual consolidated revenue.
The company sells a lot of different insurance products, like car insurance, home insurance and business insurance. It also owns other insurance companies (completely or partly) in countries like Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China (including Hong Kong), Colombia, India, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
The current head of the business (CEO) is Edmund (Ted) F. Kelly. He was appointed CEO in 1998.
History
Liberty Mutual started in 1912 under the name "Massachusetts Employees' Insurance Association" (MEIA). The name was changed in 1917 to the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, and through partnerships with other companies, they started to sell full cover car policies.
In 1964 Liberty Mutual began offering life insurance through its Liberty Life Assurance part of the business.
Over the years, Liberty Mutual has bought a number of other large companies. As an example, in 2008 they bought the Safeco Corporation. Liberty Mutual agreed to buy all outstanding shares of Safeco for $68.25 per share, for a total price of approximately $6.2 billion.
Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety
In 1954, the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety was started. It studies safety and health of people at work. Its work has helped to specify machine safeguarding guidelines (how to work safely with machines), the Cornell-Liberty Survival Car, and ergonomic guidelines. They helped to form the basis for national and international safety standards.
The Institute's scientists do field and laboratory experiments on the main causes of work-related injury and disability. They publish their findings in scientific literature. The findings are the basis for safety programs, advice and software. They are used by Liberty Mutual loss control consultants to help policyholders improve worker safety. The Institute's work is available to the public.
References
Other websites
LibertyMutual.com
LibertyMutualGroup.com
Insurance companies of the United States
20th-century establishments in Massachusetts
1912 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Boston
Schwarzhäusern

Schwarzhausern is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Bern
Chaumont, Haute-Marne

Chaumont is a commune of France, and the capital (or prefecture) of the Haute-Marne department in the Grand Est region.
Geography
The city of Chaumont is on the Langres plateau on the geographical centre of the Haute-Marne department in northeast France. It is along the Marne (river) river.
It has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The commune of Chaumont is surrounded by the communes Condes, Treix, Chamarandes-Choignes, Laville-aux-Bois, Biesles, Verbiesles, Neuilly-sur-Suize, Richebourg, Semoutiers-Montsaon, Villiers-le-Sec and Jonchery.
Two rivers flow through the city: the Suize to the west and the Marne to the east.
Climate
The climate of Chaumont, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Chaumont are known, in French, as Chaumontais (women: Chaumontaises).
The city of Chaumont has a population, in 2014, of 22,674; its population density is of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Chaumont
Chaumont forms with Chamarandes-Choignes the urban area of Chaumont with a population of 23,716 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Chaumont, formed by 65 communes, with a population of 42,594 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .
Administration
Chaumont is the prefecture of the Haute-Marne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Chaumont and the administrative centre () of three cantons:
Chaumont-1 formed by 6 communes and part of Chaumont, with 10,816 inhabitants (2014).
Chaumont-2 formed by 4 communes and part of Chaumont, with 8,534 inhabitants (2014).
Chaumont-3 formed by 5 communes and part of Chaumont, with 10,609 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Chaumont, du Bassin Nogentais et du Bassin de Bologne Vignory Froncles ().
Twinned and partner towns
Chaumont is twinned with:
Ashton-under-Lyne, England, since 1956.
Ivree, Italy, since 1983.
Bad Nauheim, Germany, since 1992.
Oostkamp, Belgium, since 2004.
Gallery
Related pages
Arrondissement of Chaumont
Communes of the Haute-Marne department
References
Other websites
Site officiel de la ville de Chaumont
Office de Tourisme du Pays de Chaumont en Champagne
Communes in Haute-Marne
Departmental capitals in France
The Cyrkle

The Cyrkle are an American band. They opened for The Beatles. They are known for their songs Red Rubber Ball and Turn Down Day.
Musical groups from Pennsylvania