pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Slighting

Slighting is the deliberate damage of an important building. In the Middle Ages, castles were slighted during war. Rich and powerful people built and owned castles, and were proud of them. A king or queen could use slighting as a way to punish people who rebelled against them. Sometimes the owner feared they would lose the castle in an attack, and broke parts of the castle so that it would not be useful to other people. Occasionally, a king or queen might order someone to dismantle their own castle if they did not get permission to build it.
Castles were sometimes repaired after they were slighted, while others were abandoned. Many famous castles like Corfe or Kenilworth are ruins because they were slighted during the English Civil War.
Fortification
Dual polyhedron

In geometry, every polyhedron is related to a dual polyhedron. The vertices (points) of one polyhedron match with the faces (flat surfaces) of the other. The edges connecting vertices in one polyhedron match with the edges connecting faces of the other. Starting with any given polyhedron, the dual of its dual is the original polyhedron.
Of the five platonic polyhedra, only the tetrahedron is dual to itself. The cube and octahedron are dual, and the dodecahedron and icosahedron are dual.
References
.
Polyhedra
Boiry-Notre-Dame

Boiry-Notre-Dame is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Iwate Grulla Morioka

is a Japanese football club which plays in J3 League.
Club name
2003-2018; Grulla Morioka
2019-present; Iwate Grulla Morioka
League position
2014 : J3 League - 5th
2015 : J3 League - 11th
2016 : J3 League - 13th
2017 : J3 League - 15th
2018 : J3 League - 13th
2019 : J3 League - 18th
2020 : J3 League - 11th
Other websites
J.League
2003 establishments in Japan
Japanese football clubs
Iwate Prefecture
Tube map

The Tube Map, is a map that navigates passengers around London using the London Underground, London Overground, Docklands Light Railway, and Emirates Air-line. To make the map easier to read, the lines of the tunnels are made straight instead of the shape they really follow.
The Tube Map was the first map to use these simplifying techniques that are now used in transport maps across the world. Transport for London (TfL) continue to expand the Tube map as more stations, lines and methods of transport are added.
The Tube Map helps navigate over a billion journeys a year in the biggest city in Europe.
Rail transport in London
Douglas H. Ginsburg

Douglas Howard Ginsburg (born May 25, 1946) is a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He was appointed to this court at age forty in October 1986 by President Ronald Reagan, and served as its chief judge from July 2001 until February 2008.
Ginsburg was nominated by Reagan to fill a U.S. Supreme Court vacancy left by Lewis F. Powell, Jr. in October 1987, but soon withdrew from consideration after his earlier marijuana use created a controversy.
He is of Jewish descent.
References
1946 births
Living people
American Jews
American judges
Jewish judges
Politicians from Chicago
University of Chicago alumni
Caroline Aaron

Caroline Aaron (earlier: Caroline Sidney Abady; born August 7, 1952) is an American actress. She played the character of Martha Ingels in the 1992 movie This is My Life. She also played the part of Annie in 21 Jump Street (a 2012 action comedy). She has a number of other acting roles to her credit in both film and television.
Aaron was born in Richmond, Virginia.
Reference
American television actors
American movie actors
1952 births
Living people
American movie producers
American stage actors
Actors from Richmond, Virginia
Pseudonyms
Sienna Guillory

Sienna Tiggy Guillory (said like "Gil-ir-ee" (IPA: ['gIle:I])) (born 16 March 1975) is an English actress and she used to be a model. She is famous for acting as Jill Valentine in Resident Evil: Apocalypse and as Elf Arya Drottningu in Eragon.
She is daughter of Isaac Guillory, an Anglo-Cuban folk guitarist, and his first wife, Tina. Guillory has acted in many British movies, and later in American movies. Not long ago, she acted in a number of science-fiction and fantasy movies written for teenagers.
While working on the 1996 movie The Future Lasts A Long Time, Guillory met English actor Nick Moran, and she was married to Moran from July 1997 until 2000. Later, she married Enzo Cilenti, in 2002, and Guillory wore her grandmother's wedding gown. In 2007, they moved to Los Angeles, California, USA.
1975 births
Living people
English models
English movie actors
English television actors
Blockland

Blockland is a multiplayer computer game made on the Torque Game Engine, where people make things using blocks. Blockland has around 35,500 players. People could build up to 128,000 bricks on every server to keep the game running best.
In 2009, Lego were talking to Eric "Badspot" Hartman about selling Blockland. It has been talked about by The Screen Savers and Shack News. In 2005, when Blockland was in beta, Blockland was on an article on Globe and Mail in which Eric says 20,000 people downloaded Blockland in the ten days since it "became big". Right now, the full game costs $20.
References
Other websites
Blockland Official Website
2007 video games
Windows games
Miguel Ángel Tábet

Miguel Angel Tabet Balady (December 24, 1941 - April 7, 2020) was a Venezuelan theologian, Catholic priest, author, and exegete. He was born in Caracas, Venezuela. Tabet lived and worked in Rome, Italy. He was a professor of biblical hermeneutics, the study of the principles of the Bible, at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross in Rome.
Tabet died from COVID-19 during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic in Rome, Italy, on April 7, 2020, at the age of 78.
References
1941 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Venezuelan Roman Catholic priests
Christian theologians
Venezuelan academics
Greatest Hits (The Cars album)

Greatest Hits is a compilation album by the new wave band The Cars. It was released in October 1985 on Elektra Records. "Tonight She Comes," a previously unreleased song, was issued as a single in 1985 to support this greatest hits package. The album was a commercial success, going six times platinum.
Track listing
1985 albums
The Cars albums
Greatest hits albums
Kiltimagh

Kiltimagh () is a town in County Mayo, Ireland.
References
Towns in Ireland
County Mayo
C&P Telephone

The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company, usually known as C&P Telephone, is a company providing services to Washington, D.C., Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia.
Today, three of the companies are owned by Verizon Communications: The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company (DC), The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of Maryland, and The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of Virginia.
References
American telephone companies
Aukštojas

Aukstojs ( Lithuanian : Aukstojas or Aukstasis kalnas ) is the highest point in Lithuania . It is about 24 km southeast of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, near the border with Belarus. It is 293.84 metres above sea level.
References
Geography of Lithuania
Hills of Europe
Velletri

Velletri is an Italian city in Lazio. It has about 53,000 inhabitants.
Cities in Lazio
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton is a Roman Catholic archdiocese in Alberta. It was created in 1912. The archdiocese covers Central Alberta, Edmonton Capital Region, and the middle and upper half of the Alberta's Rockies region. It has 129 parishes. The archdiocese's cathedral is St. Joseph's Basilica in Edmonton.
The archdiocese has two suffragan dioceses, both located in Alberta: the Diocese of Calgary and the Diocese of Saint Paul.
The current archbishop of Edmonton is Richard William Smith, since 2008.
Religion in Canada
Alberta
1912 establishments
1910s establishments in Canada
TVA (Canadian TV network)

TVA is a Canadian French-language television network owned by Group TVA, a publicly traded subsidiary of Quebecor Media.
Canadian television networks
Astoria, Oregon

Astoria is a city in the American state of Oregon. It is named after John Jacob Astor, who started a fur trading post, there in 1811. Many movies have been filmed there like The Goonies, Kindergarten Cop, and Free Willy.
Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Kim Kielsen

Kim Kielsen (born 30 November 1966) is a Greenlandic politician. He is the Prime Minister of Greenland and the leader of the Siumut party since 2014.
References
1966 births
Living people
Current national leaders
Prime Ministers of Greenland
Chromosphere

A chromosphere ("sphere of color") is the second layer of a star's atmosphere. It is located above the photosphere and below the solar transition region and corona. The term usually refers to the Sun's chromosphere, but not only.
In the Sun's atmosphere, the chromosphere is about in height, or a little more than 1% of the Sun's radius at maximum thickness. It possesses a homogeneous layer at the border with the photosphere. Hair-like jets of plasma, called spicules, rise from this homogeneous area and through the chromosphere, extending up to into the corona above.
The chromosphere has a usual and expected red color due to electromagnetic emissions in the Ha spectral line. Information about the chromosphere is mostly received by analysis of its given-off electromagnetic radiation.
Chromospheres have also been followed on stars other than the Sun. On large stars, chromospheres sometimes make up a significant proportion of the whole star. For example, the chromosphere of supergiant star Antares has been found to be about 2.5 times larger in thickness than the star's radius.
References
Astronomy
No More Movement

The No More Movement is a global movement of Ethiopians advocating the stop of foreign interference inside of Ethiopia. The motto of the group is "Hands of Ethiopia." The movement has no central authority but has organization supporting and organizing rallies for the movement throughout countries as the United States, and Europe.
Protests
The No More movement had protests as notable places as the White House, the Canadian Parliament, and other high foreign government officials' offices.
America
Protests in America and specifically in Washington D.C were organized by the Peace and Unity for Ethiopian Association Washington Task Force. The protests occurred in The Washington D.C. metropolitan area, which boasts the largest population of Ethiopians in the United States. Some local experts estimate there are as many as 250,000 Ethiopian Americans here, including both immigrants and US-born descendants. Now, as fighting in Ethiopia intensifies, protesters both for and against the country's government are taking to the streets of Washington. The protests in Washington D.C and the rest of America emphasized that the U.S should have "Hands Off Ethiopia." The protest in Washington by Ethiopians had a message that the designated terrorist TPLF group should be denounced by foreign governments and not be helped in any shape or way.
Canada
Ethiopian people living in Canda had also demonstrated in the northmost region of North America. They participated in protesting on the grounds of Manitoba's legislative grounds on Sunday carrying Ethiopian flags and signs that said "No More." The protests also carried out to protest outside the U.S consulate in Calgary, Canada. Protests also carried out through Toronto and other parts of the country.
Support by Ethiopian Government
The movement was supported by the Ethiopian government and allowed huge contributors to the movement to be greeted and welcomed by officials at Bole International Airport.
References
Ethiopia
Joe Bugel

Joseph John Bugel (March 10, 1940 - June 28, 2020) was an American football coach and college player. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was twice a head coach in the National Football League (NFL). He was one of the great offensive line coaches in NFL history. He was known for coaching Phoenix Cardinals, San Diego Chargers, Oakland Raiders and Washington Redskins.
Bugel died on June 28, 2020 at the age of 80.
References
1940 births
2020 deaths
American football linebackers
American football coaches
College football coaches
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
Bit

Bit can have different meanings:
A digit in binary notation, either 0 or 1. This is like a light switch; either there is light or there is not.
A unit of measurement for the amount of data. This will be a multiple of 1 bit; only integers are allowed.
As a unit of measurement for information. In this context, 1 bit is the amount of information that is present in the selection of two equally probable options. In this meaning, real values as multiples are possible.
A small amount of anything either literal or theoretical.
Basic English 850 words
William R. Lucas

William Ronald Lucas (born March 1, 1922) is an American NASA official and chemist. He was the fourth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. He was director from June 15, 1974 to July 3, 1986. Lucas was born in Newbern, Tennessee.
References
1922 births
Living people
American chemists
Scientists from Tennessee
Underground (David Bowie song)

"Underground" is a 1986 song by David Bowie and taken from the 1986 movie Labyrinth. It went to number 6 in New Zealand and the Netherlands, number 7 in Finland, number 10 in Belgium, number 11 in Spain, number 14 in Switzerland, number 19 in Sweden, number 20 in Germany, number 21 in the United Kingdom, number 26 in Australia and number 73 in Canada.
Track listing
All tracks by Bowie
7" Commercial Single/12" Promo Single: EMI / EA 216 (UK)
"Underground (Edited version)" - 4:25
"Underground (Instrumental)" - 5:40
This is the only Instrumental version featuring the backing singers.
All other Instrumental versions are slightly longer, backing-tracks only except on the back of the promo 12-inch single.
12" Club Single: EMI / 12EA 216 (UK)
"Underground (Extended dance mix)" - 7:51
"Underground (Dub)" - 5:59
"Underground (Instrumental)" - 5:54
Additional production and Re-mix by Steve Thompson and Michael Barbiero.
7" Picture Disc: EMI / EAP 216 (UK)
"Underground (Edited version)" - 4:25
"Underground (Instrumental)" - 5:52
Download: EMI / iEA 216 (UK)
"Underground (Edited version)" - 4:25
"Underground (Extended dance mix)" - 7:51
"Underground (Instrumental of album version)" - 5:54
"Underground (Dub)" - 5:59
released in 2007
References
Books
1986 songs
David Bowie songs
The Wind (1959 movie)

The Wind () is a 1959 Soviet drama movie directed by Aleksandr Alov and Vladimir Naumov. It stars Eduard Bredun, Tamara Loginova, and Elza Lezhdey.
Actors
Eduard Bredun as Fedor
Tamara Loginova as Nastya
Elza Lezhdey as Mari
Aleksandr Demyanenko as Mitya
Aleksey Krychenkov
Ivan Aleksandrov
References
Other websites
Soviet drama movies
1959 drama movies
Movies directed by Vladimir Naumov
Movies directed by Aleksandr Alov
Ángel Faus Belau

Angel Faus Belau (9 February 1936 - 30 August 2020) was a Spanish journalist and educator. He was born in Villarreal, Province of Castellon. He was a communications professor at the University of Navarra. He was a well known expert of European radio communication. He was a member of the Academia Espanola de la Radio.
Faus Belau died on 30 August 2020 in Castellon de la Plana at the age of 84.
References
1936 births
2020 deaths
Spanish journalists
Spanish academics
Old English literature

Old English literature is poetry and prose written in Old English in early England, from the 7th century to the years after the Norman Conquest of 1066. This time is known as Anglo-Saxon England.
Caedmon's Hymn is often considered the oldest known poem in English. It was written in the 7th century.
By the 13th century the words of Old English had almost completely changed. This gave way to the Middle English literature.
References
S&M (song)

"S&M" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It is about BDSM. It is the third single off her studio album Loud (2010). Another version of the song featuring pop singer Britney Spears was released after Rihanna instructed fans to vote for an artist to be featured on the remix of the song. It has charted successfully in twelve countries. It hit number one in the United States, Canada, and Australia, while reaching the top three in the United Kingdom.
"S&M" was the 12th-best performing song of 2011 in the U.S. and UK and the 20th-best performing in Canada.
The genre of this song is Eurodance.
Music video
The music video was directed by Melanie Matsoukas, who has worked with other artists like Beyonce. The video was banned from YouTube because it was sexually explicit. However, it is available for users who are signed into their accounts and over the age of 18.
References
Other websites
2011 songs
BDSM-related media
Rihanna songs
Songs about sexuality
Eurodance songs
R&B songs
Polyamide

A polyamide is a polymer made of amides which are joined by peptide bonds. Examples for polyamides that occur naturally are proteins, such as wool and silk. It is also possible to artificially produce polyamides, one growth-step at a time. Examples for artificially-made polyamides are nylons, aramids and Sodium poly(aspartate).
Polymers
Hilliard, Ohio

Hilliard is a city of Franklin County in the state of Ohio, United States.
Cities in Ohio
Esther Herlitz

Esther Herlitz (, 9 October 1921 - 24 March 2016) was an Israeli diplomat and politician. She served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1973 and 1977 and again from 1979 until 1981. She was also Israel's first female ambassador, having been appointed as the country's ambassador to Denmark in 1966.
Herlitz died on 24 March 2016 in Tel Aviv at the age of 94.
References
1921 births
2016 deaths
Ambassadors of Israel
Members of the Knesset
German Jews
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish politicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Berlin
Greta Van Susteren

Greta Van Susteren (born June 11, 1954 near Appleton, Wisconsin) is an American news commentator and television personality on Fox News Network . She is the host of On the Record on Fox News Network. She is also a former criminal defense and civil trial lawyer. She co-hosted Burden of Proof along with Roger Cossack on Cable News Network(CNN) prior to switching to Fox. She received the American Bar Association's Presidential Award for "Excellence in Journalism" in 2001.
She married lawyer John P. Coale in 1988. They are members of the Church of Scientology.
References
Other websites
American journalists
Television personalities from Wisconsin
1954 births
Living people
People from Appleton, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin-Madison alumni
Loretta Ross

Loretta J. Ross (born August 16, 1953) is an activist, author and teacher who has taught at schools and led many activism organizations.
Ross is a visiting professor and during her career has taught at Smith College, Arizona State University and Hampshire College. She has taught classes on topics such as White Supremacy, Human Rights and Calling In The Calling Out Culture. Ross has also written multiple books and has a book that is soon to be released, called Calling In The Calling Out Culture. At Smith College, Ross teaches a class on her ideas about calling in the calling out culture. Ross also talks about calling people in during her TED talk that she gave in 2021. In addition, Ross hosts a podcast, called "Dred Feminist with Loretta J. Ross". Ross has worked at many human rights and activism organization, including the SisterSong Women Color Reproductive Justice Collective, the National Center for Human Rights Education and the National Black Women's Health Project.
References
1953 births
Living people
American activists
American writers
American teachers
Babcock Street (MBTA station)

Babcock Street is a station on the MBTA Green Line "B" Branch located in Boston, Massachusetts. The station is located on Commonwealth Avenue at Babcock Street. Babcock Street consists of two side platforms which serve the "B" Branch's two tracks. Babcock street is 24 minutes away from Park Street.
References
Other websites
MBTA - Babcock Street
Station from Google Maps Street View
Buildings and structures in Boston
Railway stations in the United States
Giebelstadt

Giebelstadt is a municipality in Wurzburg in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Wurzburg (district)
Tomohiko Ito

Tomohiko Ito (born 28 May 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Ventforet Kofu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||6||0||2||0||0||0||8||0
|-
|2000||38||0||4||0||2||0||44||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2002||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2004||23||0||1||0||4||0||28||0
|-
|2005||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="5"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||30||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2009||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2010||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
98||0||8||0||6||0||112||0
98||0||8||0||6||0||112||0
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japanese association football goalkeepers
People from Osaka
Ncuti Gatwa

Massaro Ncuti Gatwa (born 15 October 1992) is a Rwandan-born Scottish actor. He currently plays Eric Effiong in the Netflix series Sex Education (2019-present), which earned him a BAFTA Scotland Award for Best Actor in Television and three BAFTA Television Award nominations for Best Male Comedy Performance. He has been given a lot of praise for his performance of a gay black teen in Sex Education. In 2022, Gatwa was announced as the fourteenth incarnation of the Doctor on the BBC television series Doctor Who, making him the first black and gay actor in this role.
Life and Career
Gatwa was born in Nyarugenge, Kigali, Rwanda. He grew up in Scotland, mostly in Edinburgh and Dunfermline.
In May 2022, Gatwa was chosen as the fifteenth actor to play the Doctor in the television series Doctor Who. His first appearance as the Doctor is planned for 2023.
Filmography
Film
Television
Stage
Video games
References
Other websites
1992 births
Living people
Actors from Edinburgh
People from Fife
Rwandan people
Scottish movie actors
Scottish television actors
Sanborn's tree frog

Sanborn's tree frog (Dendropsophus sanborni) is a frog that lives in Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil.
References
Frogs of South America
Jason Priestley

Jason Priestley (born August 28, 1969) is a Canadian-American actor, producer and director who has acted in numerous television programs. He played Brandon Walsh in the television series Beverly Hills, 90210. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. He became an American citizen in 2007.
Other websites
Actors from Vancouver
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American voice actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian television directors
Canadian television producers
Canadian voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
1969 births
Living people
Coral Sea

The Coral Sea is a small sea off the north east coast of Australia. It has Queensland on its west side and the islands of Vanuatu and New Caledonia on its east. On the north edge is the Solomon Islands, and in the south it joins the Tasman Sea. The Great Barrier Reef is in the Coral Sea. It has a warm climate, it often rains and there are often tropical cyclones. It covers an area of about four times the size of Great Britain. The WWF describe the Coral Sea as being one of the last complete tropical wilderness areas on earth. It has beautiful coral reefs with many different sea creatures including grey and white tip reef sharks, hammerheads, manta rays, tuna, barracuda, turtles, whales and the rare nautilus.
Australia claims many of the islands as part of its 780,000 square kilometre Coral Sea Islands Territory. Most of them are small coral or sand islands, and only one has people living on it. It has a population of only four.
World War II
In World War II the Battle of the Coral Sea was the first aircraft carrier battle fought between the United States and Australia against Japan. The battle lasted from 4 May to 8 May 1942. During that time none of the ships saw each other or fired their guns at each other. All the fighting was done by aircraft from the carriers. It is the largest naval battle fought near Australia. It was important because it stopped the Japanese from invading Port Moresby, the capital city of New Guinea. Many people regarded it as the battle that saved Australia.
References
Seas of the Pacific Ocean
Bodies of water of Oceania
Sporosarcina

Sporosarcina is a genus of bacteria.
The cells of Sporosarcina are either shaped like a rod or like a bowl (coccoid). Most species are able to move (motile). All species of Sporosarcina are capable of aerobic respiration using oxygen. Some species have the enzyme urease and can break down urea. The species S. ureae is common in the soil where cattle live.
References
Gram-positive bacteria
Aluminum wiring

Aluminum wiring is electrical wiring made of aluminum, instead of the usual copper. It is widely and successfully used for electricity transmission and distribution. It is lighter and stronger than copper wire, which helps prevent the cables from sagging. It is also less expensive than copper wire. It has also been successfully used in aircraft wiring. In the 1960s, with the rising price of copper, electricians started to use it to wire homes and other buildings. Aluminum wiring was not successful in this application and it is a major safety problem. Because of the safety problems with aluminum wiring, it was discontinued for building wiring in the mid-1970s. Over time, aluminum wiring can separate from the screws on electrical outlets, switches, or lights, creating a poor connection, which causes the wire to heat up. The heat can cause the aluminum to oxidize, creating an even worse connection and more heat, which can eventually start a fire. Incorrect repairs to aluminum wiring, such as connecting aluminum wire to copper wire with twist-on wire connectors, can make the problem even worse. Even twist-on connectors designed to connect aluminum to copper can be dangerous. The only proper way to repair aluminum wiring is to connect it to copper "tails" (short pieces of copper wire) with crimped or screw-on connectors specifically designed for this purpose.
Aluminium
Electrical wiring
Kogi State

Kogi is one of the 36 states of Nigeria. The capital is Lokoja.
States of Nigeria
ABC Entertainment

ABC Entertainment is a television production company that was made in New York City in 1999. It was made by merging Buena Vista Television Productions with the ABC Television Network to produce television shows.
References
2000 establishments in the United States
Television producers
Cumberland, Iowa

Cumberland is a city in the state of Iowa in the United States.
Population
References
Cities in Iowa
Niigata Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Chubu region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Niigata.
History
Until after the Meiji Restoration, the area that is now Niigata Prefecture was divided into Echigo Province and Sado Province.
Geography
Niigata is next to Yamagata Prefecture, Toyama Prefecture, Nagano Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture and Fukushima prefecture.
Niigata is the fifth largest prefecture in Japan by area.
In winter, it snows a lot in Niigata, and winter sports are popular.
National Parks
National Parks are established in about 25% of the total land area of the prefecture. including
Bandai-Asahi National Park
Shrines and Temples
Yahiko-jinja, Kota-jinja, Amatsu-jinja and Watatsu-jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.
Related pages
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
Albirex Niigata
References
Other websites
Niigata Prefecture website
Konstantinos Zappas

Konstantinos Zappas (; 1814-1892) was a Greek businessman who together with his cousin, Evangelos Zappas, revived the modern Olympic Games.
Biography
Zappas was born to a Greek family in 1814 in the village of Labovo in the Ottoman Empire. After Evangelos Zappas died, Konstantinos took care of his cousin's legacy and the ongoing restoration of the Olympic Games. He was appointed manager of the Olympic Committee that organised the Zappas Olympics, the forerunner of the modern international Olympics.
Konstantinos donated to a number of Greek schools including female schools in Constantinople. Zappas died in 1892 in Mantes-la-Jolie, France. After he died, the Romanian government took all of his assets in Romania causing a noted international law case. The statues of Konstantinos and his cousin Evangelos are located in front of the Zappeion Culture and Exhibition Center in Athens, Greece.
References
Citations
Sources
Other websites
Testaments of Evangelis and Konstantinos Zappas. (Greek)
1814 births
1892 deaths
Greek people
Olympic Games
Walter Rodney

Walter Anthony Rodney (23 March 1942 - 13 June 1980) was a well-known Guyanese historian, political activist and academic. He was assassinated in 1980.
References
1942 births
1980 deaths
People from Georgetown, Guyana
Historians
Political activists
Academics
Assassinated people
University of the West Indies alumni
Guyanese writers
Utopia (book)

Utopia is the name of a book. Thomas More wrote it in 1516. He wrote it in Latin. Its original title is De Optimo Republicae Statu deque Nova Insula Utopia. This is usually translated to On the Best State of a Republic and on the New Island of Utopia.
The book is about an island with an imagined society. In the book, a visitor to this island tells about his trip there. According to him, Utopia has a system of laws that is perfect. Society there is also perfect. The political system is so good that nothing better can be thought out. Today, the word utopia is used to refer to a society that is unrealistic, and impossible to make.
There were several attempts to create such perfect societies (They did not work). The word utopia can also refer to a society of such an attempt.
Religious utopias
The ideas Christians, Jews and Muslims have of the Garden of Eden, and of Heaven can be seen as such utopias.
Other websites
Digitally reconstructed edition of the book
A newer critical approach as to how to see the book (pdf)
Novels
16th-century books
Agha Petros

Agha Petros (; born 1 April 1880, died 2 February 1932) was an Assyrian military leader during World War I. Petros was born in the Lower Baz village, Ottoman Empire.
Agha Petros defeated the Turks in Sauj Bulak and drove them back to Rowanduz.
Other websites
Bet Nahrain
1880 births
1932 deaths
Assyrian people
Tim Salmon

Timothy James Salmon (born August 24, 1968), is a former Major League Baseball player. He played for the California Angels from 1992 to 2004 and again, with the renamed Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in 2006. He won the World Series with the Angels in 2002. He hit 299 home runs in his career.
Living people
1968 births
California Angels players
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players
The Real Thing (Lisa Stansfield song)

"The Real Thing" is a 1997 song by Lisa Stansfield and is the leading single from their fourth studio album Lisa Stansfield and was used in the 1997 movie Money Talks. It went to number 9 in the United Kingdom, number 4 in Hungary, number 18 in Scotland, number 57 in Germany, number 61 in the Netherlands, number 32 in Iceland and number 124 in Australia.
Track listings
European CD single
"The Real Thing" (Radio Edit) - 4:01
"The Real Thing" (Mark!'s Radio Edit) - 3:56
Australian/European/Japanese/UK CD maxi-single
"The Real Thing" (Radio Edit) - 4:01
"The Real Thing" (Touch Mix) - 5:36
"The Real Thing" (Dirty Rotten Scoundrels's Vocal Mix) - 7:10
"People Hold On" (Jon Is The Don Mix) - 8:08
Australian/UK CD maxi-single #2
"The Real Thing" (Radio Edit) - 4:01
"The Real Thing" (Mark!'s Radio Edit) - 3:56
"The Real Thing" (Mark!'s Good Time Disco Vocal) - 11:25
"The Real Thing" (Mark!'s Shelter Vocal) - 9:48
"The Real Thing" (K-Klassic Mix) - 8:39
European/UK 12" single
"The Real Thing" (Mark!'s Good Time Disco Vocal) - 11:25
"The Real Thing" (K-Klassic Mix) - 8:39
"The Real Thing" (Dirty Rotten Scoundrel's Vocal Mix) - 7:38
Japanese promotional CD single
"The Real Thing" (Mega Pop Mix) - 4:32
"The Real Thing" (Hip Hop Mix) - 4:48
"The Real Thing" (Yutenji Mix) - 4:53
"The Real Thing" (Radio Edit) - 4:01
UK promotional 12" single
"The Real Thing" (Mark!'s Genuine Dub)
"The Real Thing" (Dirty Rotten Scoundrels Dub Mix)
"The Real Thing" (Bunker Dub)
UK promotional 12" single
"The Real Thing" (Touch Mix) - 5:36
"The Real Thing" (Touch Extended Mix) - 6:27
Other remixes
"The Real Thing" (K-Klass Mix) - 4:44
"The Real Thing" (Silk's Real House Thang) - 9:45
References
1997 songs
Lisa Stansfield songs
Dance-pop songs
LGBT songs
April 2015 Nepal earthquake

The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) killed more than 8,800 people and injured more than 23,000. It occurred at on 25 April. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8Mw. Its epicenter was east of the district of Lamjung. Its hypocenter was at a depth of about . It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake.
The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 19 people. This makes April 25, 2015 the deadliest day on the mountain in history. The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were reported missing.
Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless with entire villages destroyed. Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Kathmandu Valley. Experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a deadly earthquake.
Continued aftershocks occurred throughout Nepal within 15-20 minute intervals. One shock reached a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at 12:54:08 NST. The country also had a continued risk of landslides.
It created seven avalanches after. Many Nepalese counties were damaged by the quake.
References
2015 disasters in Asia
2010s earthquakes in Asia
April 2015 earthquake
April 2015 events
April 2015 earthquake
Snap Inc.

Snap Inc. is an American company that owns the Snapchat messenger, as well as other products: Spectacles smart glasses, Bitmoji and Zenly services. Founded on September 16, 2011 by Evan Spiegel and Bobby Murphy as Snapchat Inc., but rebranded on September 24, 2016 to its current name.
The founders own a combined 95% of voting shares.
It was founded by Evan Spiegel.
History
On March 2, 2017 Snap Inc. was listed on the New York Stock Exchange at a price of $17 per share.
At the start of trading, the company's valuation reached about $33 billion. It was the largest offering by a US tech company since Facebook's IPO.
In June, Snap acquired map location-sharing service Zenly for $250 million to $350 million.
References
American technology companies
Tony Boskovic

Anton "Tony" Boskovic (27 January 1933 - 16 June 2022) was a Croatian-born Australian soccer referee. He was born in Blato, Croatia. He refereed two matches in the FIFA World Cup, one in 1974 and one in 1982. He entered the Football Federation Australia Hall of Fame in 1999.
Boskovic died on 16 June 2022, aged 89.
References
1933 births
2022 deaths
Football referees
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Australian men's soccer players
Patriot Day

Patriot Day is a day of remembrance in the United States. It happens on September 11 of each year. It remembers the 2,977 killed in the September 11, 2001 attacks. Most Americans call this day "Nine-Eleven (9/11)," "September Eleventh," or something similar.
The day was officially created on October 25, 2001. The U.S. House of Representatives Joint Resolution 71 was approved by a vote of 407-0. The Resolution asked that the President would designate September 11 of each year as "Patriot Day." President George W. Bush signed the resolution into law on December 18, 2001 (as Public Law 107-89). On September 4, 2002, President Bush proclaimed September 11, 2002 as Patriot Day.
On this day, the American flag is to be flown at half-staff at individual American homes, at the White House, and on all U.S. government buildings, home and abroad. The President also asks Americans to observe a moment of silence beginning at 8:46 A.M. (Eastern Daylight Time). This is the time the first plane struck the North Tower of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.
Other websites
Text of the statute
Public Law 107-89
Archived version of 2001 proclamation
2002 proclamation, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 , 2010
The September 11 Digital Archive
Detailed information on the bill from THOMAS
Holidays of the United States
Aucaleuc

Aucaleuc is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Cotes-d'Armor department in the west of France.
Communes in Cotes-d'Armor
Växjö

Vaxjo (Swedish IPA: []) is a city in Smaland in southern Sweden. It has a population of 55,600 (2005). Vaxjo is the seat of Vaxjo Municipality and is the administrative, cultural and industrial centre of Kronoberg County. Furthermore, it is the seat of the Diocese of Vaxjo.
Famous people from Vaxjo
Karl-Birger Blomdahl, 20th century music composer
Carolina Kluft, track and field athlete and Olympic gold medalist in Athens 2004
Par Lagerkvist, author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, 1951
Otto Lindblad, 19th century music composer
Christina Nilsson, 19th century soprano celebrity
Joachim Bjorklund, Footballer
Carolus Linnaeus, Botanist, physician and zoologist
Mats Wilander, tennis player with seven Grand slam victories 1982-1988
Jonas Bjorkman, tennis player with 50 doubles titles including Grand Slams
References
Frontiersman

Frontiersmen and frontierswomen are people living on the frontier between settled and unsettled lands. The frontier was a place between civilization and the unknown wilderness. Frontiersmen often cleared the land, built shelters, raised children, and grew crops. Hunting and animal trapping were prime sources of meat. Animal furs and skins were made into clothing. Famous American frontiersmen include Davy Crockett, Daniel Boone, and Kit Carson. The United States, Canada, and Australia are countries In which frontiersmen and women have been found in large numbers.
References
American frontiersmen and women
Miles Taylor (security expert)

Miles Taylor is an American former government official in the Trump administration. He worked for the United States Department of Homeland Security from 2017 to 2019, including as Chief of Staff to former Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen and Acting Secretary Chad Wolf.
In August 2020, while on leave from his job at Google, he produced an ad for Republican Voters Against Trump, criticizing Trump and supporting Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election. Taylor was the first former senior Trump administration staffer to endorse Biden.
In October 2020, he revealed himself to be the anonymous writer of the essay "I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration" (2018) and the best-selling book A Warning (2019).
References
Living people
Politicians from Indiana
Republican Party (United States) politicians
American political writers
Writers from Indiana
1987 births
21st-century American people
Google people
Rivehaute

Rivehaute is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
References
Rivehaute
George Hainsworth

George Henry Hainsworth (June 26, 1895 - October 9, 1950) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Records
He is the all-time leader in professional shutouts with 104.
His 94 shutouts are third on the NHL's all-time list behind Martin Brodeur's 96 and Terry Sawchuk's 103.
Has the lowest career goals against average tied with Alex Connell.
Holds the single-season shutout record with 22 shutouts, a mark likely never to be touched.
Other websites
Hainsworth's statistics and bio at Hockeygoalies.org
1895 births
1950 deaths
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Montreal Canadiens players
Sportspeople from Toronto
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Vezina Trophy winners
Martigny-Courpierre

Martigny-Courpierre is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Disney Interactive Studios

Disney Interactive Studios is an American video game publisher and developer. It publishes video games based on Disney works. It was originally Walt Disney Computer Software. The company was formed in 1988.
American video game companies
The Walt Disney Company
1994 establishments in the United States
Limassol

Limassol is a city on the southern coast of Cyprus. It is the capital city of Limassol District. In 2011, about 184,000 people lived in the urban area.
Limassol Castle is one of the ten castles of Cyprus. It was built by the Byzantines around 1000 AD.
Notable residents
Adamos Adamou, member of European Parliament
Nicos Anastasiades, President of the Republic of Cyprus
Michael Cacoyannis, film director
Ismet Guney, the designer of the flag of the Republic of Cyprus
Pavlos Kontides, Olympic medalist
Spyros Kyprianou, former president
Marios Tokas, composer
References
Cities in Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus
Kumar Bhattacharyya, Baron Bhattacharyya

Sushanta Kumar Bhattacharyya, Baron Bhattacharyya, (6 June 1940 - 1 March 2019) was a British-Indian engineer, educator and government advisor.
In 1980, he became Professor of Manufacturing Systems at the University of Warwick and founded the Warwick Manufacturing Group. In 2004 he was made a Life Peer and became a member of the House of Lords.
Bhattacharyya died on 1 March 2019 following a short illness, aged 78.
References
1940 births
2019 deaths
Indian engineers
British engineers
People from Karnataka
United Kingdom Life Peers
Chemical relaxer

A chemical relaxer is used to straighten hair or loosen tight curls by use of chemicals to break the disulphide bonds the hair. It may have side effects such as burns and bald spots if used wrong.
Hair
Harry R. Truman

Harold R. "Harry" Truman (October 30, 1896 - May 18, 1980) was an American small business owner. He was a resident of the U.S. state of Washington who resided on Mount St. Helens.
He was the owner and caretaker of Mount St. Helens Lodge at Spirit Lake, at the foot of the mountain, he came to fame as a folk hero in the months following the volcano's 1980 eruption after he refused to leave his home despite evacuation orders.
Truman is thought to have been killed by a that overtook his lodge and buried the site under of volcanic debris.
Other websites
"Harry (Of Mount Saint Helens)" Recorded in 1982 by Penny Lew.
1896 births
1980 deaths
Deaths from natural disasters
American military personnel of World War I
Businesspeople from West Virginia
Businesspeople from Washington (state)
Military people from West Virginia
Halling railway station

Halling railway station is a railway station in Halling in Kent. The station is on the Medway Valley Line.
Railway stations in Medway
How Pop Can You Get?

How Pop Can You Get? was the first and only album by American band The Bats.
Members were Jon Brion, Bill Murphy and Don "Riff" Fertman.
It was recorded in New Haven and West Haven, Connecticut and released on the Gustav label (Gustav UA1001) in the fall of 1982.
Called "The Pop(ulist) album of the Year" by OP: The Lost Music network, the record received much critical acclaim and was even a Billboard magazine "Recommended LP" when reviewed in the October 2, 1982 issue. The album, however, ultimately failed to chart.
Track listing
All music and lyrics by The Bats (Jon Brion, Bill Murphy, Don Fertman)
"Chauve-Souris" - :45
"How Pop Can You Get?" - 2:42
"Not Easy For Me" - 3:33
"Will She ever Come Around?" - 3:15
"Mr. Peculiar" - 2:45
"Living In Alaska" - 3:05
"Not My Girl Anymore" - 3:15
"Something Ventured" - 3:26
"Hey Teen-Age" - 5:25
"Why Does Suzy Have Bad Dreams?" - 3:07
"Paranoid Schizophrenic" - 3:01
"Every Night" - 3:58
"Too Out Bottom of the Ninth" - 7:26
Other websites
-Download album at iTunes
Review-"Willfully Obscure"
Review-"Ex-Libris"
Review Mog.com
Nail Polish Soundtrack at IMDB
1982 albums
Pop albums
Kirit Parmar

Kirit Parmar is an Indian politician who is serving as Mayor and First Citizen of Ahmedabad from 10 March 2021. He also served as Councillor from 2010 to 2020.
References
Politicians from Gujarat
1966 births
José Ramírez Gamero

Jose Ramirez Gamero (12 June 1938 - 7 July 2022) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of Institutional Revolutionary Party. He was Governor of Durango from 1986 to 1992. From 1976 to 1979 and from 2000 to 2003, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. In 1976, he was the President of the Chamber of Deputies.
He was elected twice as Senator and twice represented Durango from 1982 to 1988 and from 1997 to 2000.
Ramirez Gamero died in Durango, Mexico on 7 July 2022, aged 84.
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Jackie Cruz

Jackie Cruz (born August 8, 1986) is a Dominican-American actress, singer and former model. She is known for her role as Marisol "Flaca" Gonzales on the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black.
References
Other websites
1986 births
Living people
Dominican Republic actors
Dominican Republic musicians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American pop singers
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
Towson University

Towson University (TU) is a public university in Towson, Maryland. The university has about 20,856 students. It was founded in 1866. The current president of the university is Dr. Kim Schatzel.
History
It started in Baltimore as State Norman School in 1866. TU moved to Towson in 1915. In 1935, the name was changed to State Teachers College at Towson because Maryland opened more colleges. In 1963, TU became Towson State College. In 1976 the name changed to Towson State University. Finally, in 1997, it became Towson University.
Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Tigers. They have 18 varsity teams and they compete in the Colonial Athletic Association.
References
Other websites
Towson University's Official website
Towson Tigers' Official athletics website
Colonial Athletic Association
Colleges and universities in Maryland
1866 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Maryland
Lithium 12-hydroxystearate

Lithium 12-hydroxystearate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is C18H35LiO3. It is classified as a lithium soap. In chemistry, "soap" refers to salts of fatty acids. Lithium 12-hydroxystearate is a white solid.
Uses
Most greases used today in vehicles, aircraft, and heavy machines contain lithium stearates, mainly lithium 12-hydroxystearate.
References
Lithium compounds
Wardrecques

Wardrecques is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
John Meyer (American football)

John Edwin Meyer (February 20, 1942 - November 4, 2020) was an American professional football player and coach. He played as a linebacker for the Houston Oilers in the American Football League (AFL) in 1966. He coached the New England Patriots, Detroit Lions and the Green Bay Packers from 1969 to 1983. Meyers was born in Chicago.
Meyer died on November 4, 2020 at the age of 78.
References
1942 births
2020 deaths
Sportspeople from Chicago
American football linebackers
American football coaches
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Tennessee Titans players