pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Thuringia

Thuringia (German: Thuringen) is a Bundesland of Germany. It lies in central Germany and has an area of . This means Thuringia is the sixth smallest state in Germany by area. It has 2.1 million inhabitants, so it is the fifth smallest state in Germany by population. The capital is Erfurt.
History
1920 the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar, the Duchies of Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Gotha (part of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) and the Principalities of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Greiz and Gera united to make the Free State of Thuringia.
1949 Thuringia and Erfurt became a new state of the DDR
1952 It became divided in three Districts Bezirke (Erfurt, Gera and Suhl)
1990 Thuringia became a Bundesland in the reunited Germany.
Geography
Thuringia borders on the German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony, Bavaria and Hesse.
The most conspicuous geographical feature of Thuringia is the Thuringia Forest (Thuringer Wald). In the northwest Thuringia includes a small part of the Harz mountains. The Saale river runs through Jena.
The biggest mountain in Thuringia is with 982m the Grosser Beerberg in the
Thuringia Forest.
List of Minister-Presidents of Thuringia
1945: Hermann Brill
1945 - 1947: Rudolf Paul
1947 - 1952: Werner Eggerath
1990 - 1992: Josef Duchac
1992 - 2003: Bernhard Vogel (CDU)
2003 - 2009: Dieter Althaus (CDU)
2009 - 2014: Christine Lieberknecht (CDU)
since 2014: Bodo Ramelow (Die Linke)
Cities in Thuringia
Erfurt
Gera
Jena
Weimar
Suhl
Eisenach
Gotha
References
Valipe

Valipe is a village in Puhalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
Villages in Hiiu County
Orientation

Orientation may refer to:
Orientation (mental), a function of the mind
Orientation (movie), a 1996 short movie produced by the Church of Scientology
Orientation of churches is the custom of having the front of churches on their east side (Latin: oriens)
Orientation (housing), the position of a building with respect to the sun, a concept in building design
Student orientation, the first week of a university year in several countries
Coin orientation and Medallic orientation, a description of the orientation of opposite faces of a coin with respect to one another
Sexual orientation, the direction of an individual's sexuality relative to the sex of the persons the individual finds sexually attractive
Map orientation, the relationship between directions on a map and compass directions
Orientation (EP), a 2001 album by Sonata Arctica
Page orientation, whether the long or short side of a rectangular page is the bottom for normal viewing
Television
"Orientation" (Lost), a 2005 episode of American television series Lost
Orientacion, an episode of the American television series Prison Break
"Orientation" (Heroes), a 2009 episode of American television series Heroes
Mathematics
Orientation (computer vision), an image processing concept related to one-dimensional characterization of a local image
Orientation (geometry), placement of an object in a rotational coordinate system with respect to a fixed point and a reference position
Orientation (vector space), a concept in linear algebra
Curve orientation, a property of a planar simple closed curve
Orientability, a property of surfaces in Euclidean space measuring whether or not it is possible to make a consistent choice of surface normal vector at every point
Orientation character, group homomorphism in surgery theory
Related pages
Orientability, a concept in topology
Orientation tensor, a tool in geology/earth science
Orienteering, a sport involving map orientation
Orientation and mobility
Tatnet

Tatnet (short for "Tatar Internet") is the name Tatar-speaking Internet users commonly use for the "segment of the Internet" about the Tatar people or Tatarstan. It includes webpages and websites in many languages.
The first e-mail message in Tatar was probably sent and received in 1991 when employees of the Tatar-Bashkir Service of Radio Liberty/Radio Free Europe Inc. started using the Internet and electronic communication on a regular basis. In 1994, a Tatar-language mailing list (TMG, standing for Tatar Mailing Group) was established and this year is commonly regarded as the birthyear of the Tatar Internet. Since approximately 2000, Tatnet has been developing explosively, with many web pages and web sites added to it annually. The existence of Tatnet continues to contribute tremendously to the cohesion and consolidation of the Tatar people, a significant achievement because Tatars are despersed all over the world and a substantial majority of Tatars live outside their ethnic homeland, Tatarstan. Tatar Internet users employ Latin and Cyrillic scripts with the former gradually becoming more dominant.
Internet
Tatars
Tatarstan
Dateline NBC

Dateline NBC is an American news magazine. It looks at true crime, though occasionally it looks at other topics. The program began on March 31, 1992 on NBC.
The show has been nominated for five Emmy Awards.
Dateline NBC has also been the focus of some controversy. On November 17, 1992, the show aired an hour-long report titled Waiting to Explode. That was about certain pickup trucks from General Motors, particularly Chevrolet, blowing up on impact in truck crashes due to poor design. This especially applied to pickups between 1973 and 1987.
Past correspondents and anchors are Maria Shriver, Ann Curry and Jane Pauley.
References
NBC network shows
1992 television series debuts
1990s television series
2000s television series
2010s television series
Breia

Breia is a frazione of Cellio con Breia in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont.
References
Former municipalities of Piedmont
Muchesh

Muchesh (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,950, in 769 families.
References
Cities in Iran
Kurdistan Province
Radian

A radian is a unit of measuring angles. It is shown by the symbol "rad" or, less often, c (for circular measure). The radian was once an SI supplementary unit, but was changed to a derived unit in 1995. A radians arc length is equal to the radii from the circle it is part of.
Usage
Most people who do mathematics or physics use radians, rather than degrees, because some kinds of calculations, mostly in trigonometry and calculus, are simpler when using radians rather than degrees. Thus, most calculations related to angular frequency (such as angular velocity) use radians per second.
People who look through a telescope or sniper scope often use milliradians to describe distances as seen through it.
Conversion
1 radian is equal to about 57.3deg. There are 2p radians (about 6.28 radians) in a full circle. The formula for turning radians to degrees and vice versa is:
or:
we can also say that:
.
Related pages
Steradian
Tau, the measure of a full circle in radian
Unit circle
References
Angles
SI derived units
Orthonormality

Two vectors in an inner product space are orthonormal if and only if they are orthogonal (perpendicular) and unit vectors.
Linear algebra
Functions and mappings
Evita Arago

Maria Evita "Ivy" Arago (born 6 August 1975, San Pablo, Laguna, Philippine) she is the Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Laguna's 3rd district from 30 June 2007 to 30 June 2013.
Personal life
Arago born in San Pablo, Laguna, Philippines in 6 August 1975.
She is a filipina politician and doctor.
References
1975 births
Living people
Physicians
Filipino politicians
Tainara Santos

Tainara Lemes Santos (born 9 March 2000) is a Brazilian volleyball player. She played for the Brazilian women's national volleyball team. She participated at the 2017 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship, 2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship, 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship, and 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League.
References
2000 births
Living people
Brazilian volleyball players
Abfaltersbach

Abfaltersbach is a municipality of the district Lienz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Walter Kasper

Walter Kasper (born 5 March 1933) is a German Roman Catholic Cardinal and theologian. He is President Emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity. He was its president from 2001 to 2010. Kasper was born in Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany. In 2001, he was made a cardinal by Pope John Paul II.
References
Other websites
Kasper's biography at catholic-pages.com
Kasper's views on Dominus Iesus
"Islam is a Different Culture". SPIEGEL ONLINE: Interview with Cardinal Walter Kasper, 18 September 2006.
1933 births
Living people
German cardinals
Mustafa Al-Kadhimi

Mustafa Al-Kadhimi (; born 5 July 1967 as Mustafa Abdul-Latif Mishatat ), alternatively spelt Mustafa Al-Kadhimiy, is an Iraqi politician. He became the Prime Minister of Iraq on 6 May 2020. Kadhimi is also the 43rd Prime Minister since the country's independence in 1932 and the fourth overall under the 2005 constitution.
He is also a former director of the Iraqi National Intelligence Service, originally appointed in June 2016.
He worked as journalist, documentalist and human rights and democracy activist in the 2000s after fall of Saddam in 2003.
In the early hours of 7 November 2021, he survived an assassination attempt when an explosive drone targeted his home in Baghdad.
References
1967 births
Living people
Current national leaders
People from Baghdad
Prime Ministers of Iraq
The Emigrant (1994 movie)

The Emigrant (, translit. Al Mohager) is a 1994 Egyptian French drama movie directed by Youssef Chahine and starring Hanan Tork, Khaled El Nabawy, Mahmoud Hemida, Yousra, Safia El Emari.
Other websites
1994 drama movies
Egyptian movies
French drama movies
Movies directed by Youssef Chahine
Mötschwil

Motschwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Bern
Eugene I. Gordon

Eugene Irving Gordon (September 14, 1930 - September 15, 2014) was an American physicist. He was Director of the Lightwave Devices Laboratory of Bell Labs.
Gordon was born on September 14, 1930 in New York City. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1952 with a B.S. in physics, and completed his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1957.
He became director of the Lightwave Devices Laboratory of Bell Labs. He married Renate Albrecht on December 31, 1991. He died on September 15, 2014 in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, aged 84.
References
1930 births
2014 deaths
American physicists
Scientists from New York City
Ponta Grossa

Ponta Grossa is a Brazilian city, in the southern region of the country, in the state of Parana. With a population of over 300,000 inhabitants, it is the 4th most populated city of Parana.
The city is home town of the Parque Estadual da Vila Velha ("State Park of Old Town"), a park made up of rocky formations formed over millions of years.
Other attraction of the city is the Munchenfest - A National Stout Festival with national and international concerts that lasts a whole week and occurs at late November and the beginning of December.
Cities in Parana State
Park Geun-hye

Park Geunhye (born February 2, 1952) is a South Korean politician. She served as the President of South Korea from 2013 until her impeachment in 2017. She is the second daughter of Park Chung-hee, former President of South Korea. On December 19, 2012, she was elected president of
the country. She was the first woman president of South Korea, having taken office on February 25, 2013.
In 2013 and 2014, Park was named the world's 11th most powerful woman and the most powerful woman in East Asia by Forbes magazine.
Park was impeached on 10 March 2017 and was replaced by Prime Minister of South Korea Hwang Kyo-ahn.
Impeachment and suspension
On 9 December 2016, Park was impeached by the National Assembly on charges related to influence peddling by a top aide. Her presidential powers and duties have been suspended since the ratification of the impeachment proposal, and Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn has assumed those powers and duties as Acting President. She was officially removed from office on 10 March 2017.
On 6 April 2018, a three-judge panel of the Central District Court in Seoul sentenced Park to 24 years in prison and a fine of W18,000,000,000 (US$16,798,683). The panel said she was guilty of 16 out of 18 charges brought against her.
References
Other websites
Park Geunhye
Park Geunhye
Park Geunhye
Park Geunhye:facebook
Living people
1952 births
Anti-communists
First Ladies of South Korea
Presidents of South Korea
Kazunori Yoshimoto

Kazunori Yoshimoto (born 24 April 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gifu.
Club career statistics
|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|Tokyo||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2008||2||1||0||0||2||0||4||1
|-
|2009||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Gifu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||11||2||4||2||colspan="2"|-||15||4
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
14||3||4||2||3||0||21||5
14||3||4||2||3||0||21||5
|}
References
Gifu
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Acute (medicine)

In medicine, an acute disease or condition either happens for a short time, as in acute infection, or doesn't last long. The word acute may often be confused by the general public to mean 'severe'. This is different: something can be acute but not severe.
The word acute is in the name of many diseases, for example, severe acute respiratory syndrome or acute leukemia.
Acute hospitals are hospitals which are meant for short-term medical and/or surgical treatment and care. The related medical speciality is called acute medicine.
Subacute is described as between acute and chronic. An example is subacute fever symptoms or subacute endocarditis.
Related pages
Chronic
medicine
Sigtuna

Sigtuna is an urban area in the county of Stockholm in Sweden. It is in Sigtuna Municipality. Sigtuna is famous for the Sigtuna boarding school.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Stockholm County
The Golden Voyage of Sinbad

The Golden Voyage of Sinbad is a fantasy movie released in 1974. It stars John Phillip Law as Sinbad. It includes a score by composer Miklos Rozsa. It is known mostly for the stop-motion effects by Ray Harryhausen. The movie is the second of three Sinbad movies that Harryhausen made for Columbia. The others are The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958) and Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger (1977).
It won the first Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film.
Cast
John Phillip Law as Sinbad, the main protagonist.
Tom Baker as Koura, the main antagonist of the movie. (Christopher Lee was a front-runner to play Koura.) Baker's performance helped him get the lead role in the TV series Doctor Who, as the show's producers were impressed with his performance.
Takis Emmanuel as Achmed. Emmanuel was dubbed by Robert Rietty.
Caroline Munro as Margiana. Munro was well known at the time for being featured in advertisements for Lamb's Navy Rum.
Douglas Wilmer as The Vizier
Kurt Christian as Haroun
Martin Shaw as Rachid
Robert Shaw as the Oracle of All Knowledge (uncredited)
Other websites
1974 fantasy movies
British fantasy movies
American fantasy movies
Movies directed by Gordon Hessler
Menu

A menu is a list of dishes to be served at a meal. Menus have been around in Europe since the 18th century. There is a special need for them in Chinese cuisine because of the wide range of dishes on offer. Menus have been discovered from the Song Dynasty in China. In the larger cities of the time, the variety of cuisine from different regions led caterers to create a list for their patrons.
In restaurants, the modern menu, with dishes in a set order of courses, was invented by the great French chef Escoffier. Usually there are two types of menu at a good restaurant:
table d'hote: a set menu at a fixed price (prix fixee).
a la carte: a wider choice of items, each with its own price.
Lesser establishments might offer a chalkboard, with the advantage that items can be rubbed out or added on at short notice. Fish restaurants in particular depend on daily catches being supplied or bought in the early morning. They usually list fish freshly bought (as opposed to frozen).
In American restaurant management, "menu engineering" has become a branch of marketing.
References
Restaurants
Written communication
Vedas

The Vedas are the four holiest books of the by mankind to the next, perhaps over thousands of years.
Each book has four major kinds of text - the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Brahmanas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (texts discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). The Vedas are written inVedic Sanskrit.
Later types of Hinduism that are very different from the types of Hinduism that follow the Vedas respect them.
The four Vedas are:
the Rigveda
the Yajurveda
the Samaveda
the Atharvaveda
Rigveda
Rigveda is the first of the four Vedas. Rigveda means a Veda of praise. This Veda has several verses (hymns). This Veda is also the oldest Hindu holy book.
Yajurveda
Yajurveda is the second of the four Vedas. Yajurveda means the Veda of the Yajus. Yajus were mantras sung during religious activities. Yajurveda is divided into two parts. The name of the first part is Black Yajurveda, called Taittiriya.The Taittiriya Upanishad is a Vedic era Sanskrit text, embedded as three chapters of the Yajurveda. It is a mukhya Upanishad, and likely composed about 6th century BC. The Taittiriya Upanishad is associated with the Taittiriya school of the Yajurveda, attributed to the pupils of sage Tittiri. The name of the second part is White Yajurveda,is called Vajasaneyi.
Samaveda
Samaveda is the third Veda of the four Vedas. Samaveda means the Veda of sacred songs. This Veda also has many hymns. They were sung by the Hindu priests and other Hindus during religious activities.
Atharvaveda
Atharvaveda is the fourth of the four Vedas. Atharvaveda means the Veda of knowledge.
The Atharvaveda holds key for the massive vedic knowledge on the sciences like medicine, sorcery and has many facts that the present generation is still trying to crack.
References
Flood, Gavin. An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1996. .
Michaels, Axel. Hinduism: Past and Present. Princeton University Press: 2004. .
Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli; and Moore, Charles A. A Source Book in Indian Philosophy. Princeton University Press, 1957; Princeton paperback 12th edition, 1989. .
Walker, Benjamin Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism, (Two Volumes), Allen & Unwin, London, 1968; Praeger, New York, 1968; Munshiram Manohar Lal, New Delhi, 1983; Harper Collins, New Delhi, 1985; Rupa, New Delhi, 2005, .
Winternitz, Moriz. History of Indian Literature. Vol. 1 (of two volumes), p. 1. (Calcutta 1926)
Bibliography
.
Other websites
A translation of Rig Veda
The Vedas at sacred-texts.com
Vedas: Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Artharva
Hindu texts
Vedas
County Dublin

County Dublin is a historical county of Ireland, containing Dublin, the capital of the Republic of Ireland. It is now divided into the counties of Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, and South Dublin, and the city of Dublin.
References
County Dublin
The Lost Patrol (1934 movie)

The Lost Patrol is a 1934 American World War I movie directed by John Ford and is the second adaption of the 1927 novel Patrol by Philip MacDonald. It stars Victor McLaglen, Boris Karloff, Wallace Ford, Reginald Denny, Alan Hale Sr., Billy Bevan, Brandon Hurst and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1935.
Other websites
1934 movies
1930s war movies
American war movies
Movies based on books
World War I movies
Movies directed by John Ford
National memorial

A national memorial is a designation in a country or a nation for an officially recognized area that memorializes a historic person or certain event respectively.
Architecture
National symbols
Anne Belden

Anne Elizabeth Belden (born April 18, 1987 in Newport Beach, California) is an American water polo player. She was a member of the United States women's national water polo team. She played at the 2010 FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup.
She played for University of California, Los Angeles's women's water polo team.
References
1987 births
American water polo players
Living people
Sportspeople from California
People from Newport Beach, California
Red-collared lorikeet

The red-collared lorikeet (Trichoglossus rubritorquis) is a species of lorikeet. It was a subspecies of the rainbow lorikeet, but now they are regarded as separate species. The bird is found living in northern Australia.
Habitat
The red-collared lorikeet is found in Northern Australia, as far west as Broome, Western Australia, right through the Kimberley region, across the top of the Northern Territory to the bottom of the Cape York Peninsula.
Description
It is about long with brightly colored feathers. It is the largest of the Australian lorikeets. The head and the face are blue, and it has an orange to red chest which narrows to a thin colored band around the neck, like a collar. Its wings and tail are green, with some yellow tips on the feathers. The feathers on its abdomen are dark blue to black. It has a red beak, and grey to brown legs and feet. The female is the same as the male but smaller. They can live up to 15 years.
How they live
The bird is nomadic and moves about in large flocks. They feed on eucalyptus flowers, as well as nectar from other flowering plants such as grevilleas, and seeds from grass trees. It is described as being a restless and noisy bird, making a shrill shrieking noise when flying.
Breeding
It builds nests in hollows in eucalyptus trees, usually near a creek. They lay two dull white eggs in the breeding season from August and January or March to June or May to December.
Other websites
Red-collared lorikeet photos
References
Birds of Australia
Lorikeets
Devbhumi Dwarka district

Devbhumi Dwarka District is a district of India on the southern coast of the Gulf of Kutch in the state of Gujarat. Its headquarters are located in the city of Jamkhambhaliya. The district was created on August 15, 2013 from Jamnagar district.
References
Districts of Gujarat
Southwest Airlines Flight 1380

Southwest Airlines Flight 1380 was a Southwest Airlines flight operated by a Boeing 737-700, which suffered contained engine failure of its left engine about twenty minutes after takeoff from New York-LaGuardia Airport on April 17, 2018. The wreckage of the damaged engine struck the fuselage of the aircraft and a side window, which blew out, causing rapid depressurization of the aircraft. A female passenger died after being partially ejected from the failed window. Seven other people were injured.
Aircraft
The aircraft, N772SW, a Boeing 737-7H4, was subsequently flown to Boeing in Everett on April 30, 2018 for repairs. The plane was moved into storage at Victorville on June 7, 2018. The aircraft remains there and has not made a scheduled revenue flight since. It has had its Southwest titles removed but remains in the basic Southwest livery.
Similar accident
On July 19, 1989, United Airlines Flight 232 made an emergency landing at Sioux-City Airport. The inside of the plane's number 2 engine exploded and the plane was uncontrollable, only turning to the right. The DC-10 took off from Denver, Colorado and its destination was the city of Chicago, Illinois.
References
Other websites
Southwest Airlines press room with releases about the accident
NTSB investigation docket
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2018
2018 disasters in the United States
The Art of Self Defense (1941 movie)

The Art of Self Defense is a cartoon made by the Walt Disney Company in 1941, featuring Goofy.
Production
The cartoon was one of the first to feature many replicas of Goofy at one time. The end of the short uses the Tarzan yell on the soundtrack.
Voice cast
Goofy: George Johnson
Narrator: John McLeish
Home media
The short was released on December 2, 2002, on Walt Disney Treasures: The Complete Goofy.
References
Other websites
American sports movies
Short movies
Terah

According to the Bible, Terah was the son of Nahor and the father of Abraham, Nahor II, and Haran. He died at the age of 205 in the city of Haran. He and his children were from the Sumerian city of Ur.
Old Testament people
Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin, or Erythropoetin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneys. Epoetin is a synthetic version.
Erythropoietin acts on the bone marrow so that it makes more red blood cells. It is used to treat some kinds of anemia. Anemia can happen in kidney failure, or from chemotherapy to treat cancer. The man-made hormone is made with cell cultures. The hormone can be used for blood doping in endurance sports although this is illegal in all athletic competitions.
It is also responsible for inhibiting the body process "Gluconeogenesis" (a process in your body which makes glucose from products other than carbohydrates), thus contributing to cure of type2 diabetes, glucose intolerance.
Related pages
List of chemicals in doping cases in sport
Hormones
Savage Islands

The Savage Islands or Selvagens Islands are a small Portuguese island group in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is south of Madeira, and north of the Canary Islands.
Geography
The Savage Islands are part of Macaronesia (island groups of the North Atlantic Ocean, near Europe and off the coast of Morocco in North Africa). The islands is about from Madeira, and from the Canary Islands. The island group includes two most important islands, Selvagem Grande and Selvagem Pequena, which are both surrounded by reefs, with the total area of 2.73 km2. The islands are administered as part of the Portuguese municipality of Funchal, belongs to the Madeiran civil parish of Se.
It was designated a natural reserve in 1971, it is an important nesting point for species of birds. Since then, the bird populations and nearby waters have been protected by the Portuguese government. The islands are remote and is largely uninhabited.
References
Islands of Europe
The Amity Affliction

The Amity Affliction is an Australian metalcore band from Gympie, Queensland, Australia. The band was formed in 2003.
Band members
Current members
Ahren Stringer - vocals, keyboard (2003-present), bass (2007-present); guitar (2003-2007)
Joel Birch - unclean vocals (2004-present)
Ryan Burt - drums, percussion (2008-present)
Dan Brown - guitar (2013-present)
Former members
Garth Buchanan - bass (2003-2007)
Lachlan Faulkner - drums, percussion (2003-2007)
Troels Thomasen - drums, percussion (2007-2008)
Chris Burt - guitar (2007-2009); bass (2007)
Clint Owen Ellis (Splattering) - guitar (2009-2011)
Trad Nathan - keyboard (2006-2011)
Imran Siddiqi - guitar (2011-2012)
Troy Brady - guitar (2003-2014)
Discography
Studio albums
Severed Ties (2008)
Youngbloods (2010)
Chasing Ghosts (2012)
Let the Ocean Take Me (2014)
Other websites
Official website
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Metalcore bands
Musical groups from Queensland
William Wilfred Campbell

William Wilfred Campbell (1 June 1860 - 1 January 1918) was a Canadian poet. He is one of the Confederation Poets, a group of poets born during Canada's Confederation (in 1860s). By the end of the 19th century, he was thought as the "unofficial poet laureate of Canada."
William Wilfred Campbell Poetry Festival
William Wilfred Campbell Poetry Festival is an Arts festival founded and directed by Paul Kastner in 2014 in Wiarton, Ontario. This festival is held every year in his respect.
Other websites
References
1860 births
1918 deaths
Writers from Ontario
People from Newmarket, Ontario
Canadian poets
Kyle Chipchura

Kyle Douglas Glen Chipchura (born February 19, 1986) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Montreal Canadiens and Anaheim Ducks.
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Chipchura played 4 seasons with the Prince Albert Raiders of the Western Hockey League (WHL).
Chipchura was drafted with the 18th overall pick by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Canadiens on October 10, 2007 in a 3-2 win against the Pittsburgh Penguins. He scored his first NHL goal in a 4-2 win against the Buffalo Sabres on October 20, 2007. On December 2, 2009, the Canadiens traded Chipchura to the Anaheim Ducks for a fourth-round pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. He played 2 seasons with the Ducks before he was released by the Ducks. On July 19, 2011, he signed a one-year contract with the Phoenix Coyotes.
References
Other websites
1986 births
American Hockey League players
Anaheim Ducks players
Arizona Coyotes players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Artigues, Aude

Artigues is a commune of 73 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Arc-sous-Cicon

Arc-sous-Cicon is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Don't Start Now

"Don't Start Now" is a song performed by English singer Dua Lipa. It was released on October 31, 2019, as the first single from her second studio album, Future Nostalgia (2020). The song was written by Lipa, Caroline Ailin, Emily Warren, and its producer, Ian Kirkpatrick.
The song has been successful on record charts, reaching number two in the UK and the US, where it outperformed her previous single, "New Rules", which reached number six there.
References
Other websites
2019 songs
Disco songs
Dua Lipa songs
Ira, Vermont

Ira is a town in Rutland County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Yisrael Moshe Friedman

Rabbi Yisrael Moshe Friedman (23 July 1955 - 10 August 2020) was an American-Israeli rabbi. He was the sixth Rebbe of the Sadigura chasidus. He led his court from Bnei Brak, Israel. He was the sixth rebbe between 2013 until his death. He was born in New York City.
Friedman died on 10 August 2020 in Ramat Gan, Israel at the age of 65.
References
1955 births
2020 deaths
American rabbis
Israeli rabbis
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Writers from New York City
Laval (Mayenne)

Laval is a commune and the prefecture of the French department of Mayenne. The people that live there are called Lavallois.
History
Laval is a medieval city and was first mentioned during the 11th century.
Education
Ecole superieure d'informatique, electronique, automatique
Sister cities
Laval is twinned with:
Boston, United Kingdom, since 1958
Modesto, USA
Chalkidiki, Greece.
Gandia, Spain, since 1978
Garango, Burkina Faso
Laval, Canada
Mettmann, Germany, since 1974
Vatava, Romania, since 1990
Communes in Mayenne
Departmental capitals in France
John H. Gibbons (scientist)

John Howard "Jack" Gibbons (January 15, 1929 - July 17, 2015) was an American scientist, nuclear physicist, and internationally recognized expert in technologies for energy efficiency and energy resource conservation. He served as the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy under President Bill Clinton from 1993-1998.
References
Other websites
Dr. John H. Gibbons Home Page
Dr. John H. Gibbons Curriculum Vita
Dr. John H. Gibbons Biography - Short
White House Biography
1929 births
2015 deaths
Directors of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
American physicists
Scientists from Virginia
Emma Ugolee

Emmanuel Chinenye Ugolee (born October 4, 1975), is a Nigerian media personality, TV producer, Voice over artist and an author.
Early life and education
Ugolee was born in Jos. He holds Bachelor of Economics from the Enugu State University of Science and Technology.
References
Red Bud, Illinois

Red Bud is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
An Awful Moment

An Awful Moment is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars George Gebhardt, Marion Leonard, and Harry Solter.
Actors
George Gebhardt as Matteo Rettazzi / Policeman
Marion Leonard as Fiammetta, Matteo's Wife
Harry Solter as Judge Mowbray
Florence Lawrence as Mrs. Mowbray
Gladys Egan as The Mowbrays' Daughter
Linda Arvidson as The Maid
Florence Barker
Dorothy Bernard
Kate Bruce
Charles Gorman
Gertrude Robinson as Woman in Court
Mack Sennett as Policeman / Man in Court
Dorothy West
References
Other websites
American movies
1908 movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Godsmack

Godsmack is a hard rock/metal music band from Boston, Massachusetts. They did some music for wrestlers in the World Wrestling Entertainment business. In 1997 they released All Wound Up. They are under Universal's contract. Godsmack has played at Ozzfest. Just this year they released their 5th full album called, The Oracle. They also have a released copy of their greatest hits album, called 10 years of Godsmack. They have won four Grammy Awards.
References
Other websites
American heavy metal bands
American hard rock bands
Pyramid of the Sun

The Pyramid of the Sun is the largest pyramid in the ancient city of Teotihuacan. Teotihuacan is about north of the modern-day Mexico City. The Aztecs named the building Pyramid of the Sun, when they entered the abandoned city of Teotihuacan. The original name of the building is unknown.
Description
The pyramid has a base length of about , and its current height is . This makes it the second largest pyramid in pre-Columbian America, after the Great Pyramid of Cholula. Inside Teotihuacan, the pyramid is located between the Pyramid of the Moon and the Ciudadela, on what is called the Avenue of the Dead. It is near a mountain called Cerro Gordo. The pyramid is part of large complex, which is in the middle of the city.
Construction
The pyramid was constructed in two phases. After completion of the first phase, about 100 AD, the pyramid had reached almost its current height. The second phase consisted in adding an altar and a big statue at the top. Neither the altar nor the statue survive.
Originally, the pyramid was covered with plates made of calcite, which showed images of animals, such as jaguars, but these plates did not survive.
The pyramid probably served as a temple to one of the deities of Teotihuacan; but the name of the deity, and the nature of the cult are unknown today.
Graves of children have been found in the pyramid. It is believed that the children were sacrificed to consecrate the building.
Pyramids
Archaeological sites in Mexico
Mexico (state)
Buildings and structures in Mexico
2nd-century buildings and structures
Marie Josephine Gaudette

Marie-Josephine Clarice Gaudette (25 March 1902 - 13 July 2017) was an American-born Italian supercentenarian. She was the oldest living person in Italy from the death of Emma Morano, who was the oldest living person in the world and the oldest Italian person ever on 15 April 2017 until her own death three months later.
Gaudette was born in Manchester, New Hampshire, United States, and was the oldest living person born in the United States from the death of Susannah Mushatt Jones on 12 May 2016 and the oldest emigrant from the U.S. ever.
A nun known as Mother Cecilia, she lived in the Italian convent from 1958 until her death and was considered "the world's oldest nun". She lived in Canada and France before settling in Italy. Gaudette died on 13 July 2017, aged 115 years, 110 days.
Related pages
List of American supercentenarians
References
1902 births
2017 deaths
American supercentenarians
Italian people
People from Manchester, New Hampshire
Learning by teaching

In professional education, learning by teaching means a method that trains pupils and students to prepare and to teach lessons, or parts of lessons. This method is designed to teach them better understanding than any method where the teacher talks to the pupils and gives them work they have to prepare.
Learning by teaching should not be confused with presentations or lectures by students, because they have to do much more. They have to choose their own methods and didactic approaches in teaching classmates that subject. And it is something else than tutoring, because the teacher gives continuous support when they prepare teaching.
References
Alan Gartner, Mary Conway Kohler, Frank Riessman: Children teach children. Learning by teaching. Harper & Row, New York u.a. 1971, .
Jean-Pol Martin: Zum Aufbau didaktischer Teilkompetenzen beim Schuler. Fremdsprachenunterricht auf der lerntheoretischen Basis des Informationsverarbeitungsansatzes. Narr Verlag, Tubingen 1985, . (zugl. Dissertation, Universitat Giessen 1985)
Jean-Pol Martin: Vorschlag eines anthropologisch begrundeten Curriculums fur den Fremdsprachenunterricht. Narr Verlag, Tubingen 1994, . (zugl. Habilitations-Schrift, Universitat Eichstatt 1992)
Other websites
Videoclip LdL in English
Learning by teaching - by Jody Skinner
LdL in theory and practice (University Munster 2005/2006)
Learning By Teaching: The Didactic Model LdL in University Classes - by Joachim Grzega
Students teach literature (LdL) by Rosmarie Frick - 2005
Psychology
Education
Chord

A chord in music is when two or more notes are played together (some text books say that it is when three or more notes are played).
A chord which is built up of the 1st, 3rd and 5th notes of a scale is called a "tonic triad". If it is made from a major scale, it is a major chord. If it is made from a minor scale it is a minor chord. However, any combination of notes played simultaneously is considered a chord.
When only two notes are played together, it's more often called "double stops" (referring to the different banks of pipes on a pipe organ, controlled by valves called "stops").
Chords can be played on instruments such as piano, keyboard, organ, harp, guitar, harmonica, ukulele and xylophone. Chords with two notes can be played on string instruments by bowing on two strings together. By bowing on two strings and then quickly on the other two strings a violinist can sound as if he is playing a four-part chord. Some players of wind instruments are able to make chords by playing two or more harmonics together.
Related pages
Harmony
Interval (music)
Music theory
Flat

Flat might mean:
Something that does not curve in any direction
An apartment
In music "flat" can have two (related) meanings:
A flat is a note that has been lowered a semitone (see note (music))
Flat can mean a note that is not in tune: The pitch is too low (see intonation).
Basic English 850 words
Rhododendron ponticum

Rhododendron ponticum, called common rhododendron or pontic rhododendron, is a species of rhododendron. It is native to southern Europe and Asia. It is the state flower of Kashmir. It has become an Invasive species in North America. It is a dense,suckering, shrub or small Tree that usually grows to 5 meters tall,or rarely 8 meters.
Plants and animals of Kashmir
Rhododendron
Torgny Melins

Torgny Melins is a dansband in Saffle, Sweden. The band scored chart successes in Sweden by the mid-late 2000's. In 2006, the band played at the Hultsfred Festival. It meant they became the first dansband since Sven-Ingvars in 1991 to do so. The band has also played at the at the Arvika Festival. The band has also recorded Teddybears Stockholm songs on the 2006 album Dansbander. Tehy also recorded soundtrack music for the 2007 film "Snart ar det lordag igen".
In May 2007, TV4 aired a documentary series about the band, Torgny Melins - fran Saffle till Stureplan. In 2007, the band also recorded a duet with Kikki Danielsson, "Ska du ga din vag" , on the albm Allting som vi har.
The band also participated at Dansbandskampen 2009. There, they were one of the finalists.
In March 2011, the band annoucned they would take a break.
Discography
Albums
Torgny Melins - 1996
Torgny Melins 15 ar - 1999
Dansbander - 2006
Allting som vi har - 2007
Dansbandsnatt - 2010
Singles
Bortom allt - 2008
References
Dansbands
Musical groups established in 1983
Frida

Frida is a 2002 American biographical drama movie directed by Julie Taymor. It is about the life of the surrealist Mexican artist Frida Kahlo.
It stars Salma Hayek in an Academy Award-nominated portrayal as Kahlo and Alfred Molina as her husband, Diego Rivera.
Frida received generally positive reviews from critics, and won two Academy Awards for Best Makeup and Best Original Score among six nominations.
References
2000s biographical movies
2002 drama movies
2000s LGBT movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
American LGBT movies
Canadian biographical movies
Canadian drama movies
Canadian LGBT movies
Mexican drama movies
Mexican biographical movies
Mexican LGBT movies
Movies set in the 1920s
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies set in the 1950s
Movies set in Mexico
Movies about communism
Walther Flemming

Walther Flemming (21 April 1843 - 4 August 1905) was a German biologist and a founder of cytogenetics.
Making use of dyes he was able to find a structure which he named chromatin. He identified that chromatin was correlated to threadlike structures in the cell nucleus- the chromosomes (meaning coloured body). Edouard Van Beneden (1846-1910) had also observed them, independently.
Flemming investigated the process of cell division and the distribution of chromosomes to the daughter nuclei, a process he called mitosis from the Greek word for thread. However, he did not see the splitting into identical halves, the daughter chromatids. He studied mitosis, both in life and in stained preparations, using as the source of biological material the fins and gills of salamanders. These results were published first in 1878 and in 1882 in the seminal book Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung (1882; Cell substance, nucleus and cell division). On the basis of his discoveries, Flemming surmised for the first time that all cell nuclei came from another predecessor nucleus (he coined the phrase omnis nucleus e nucleo, after Virchow's omnis cellula e cellula).
Flemming was unaware of Gregor Mendel's (1822-1884) work on heredity, so he did not make the connection between his observations and genetic inheritance. Two decades would pass before the significance of Flemming's work was truly realized with the rediscovery of Mendel's rules. His discovery of mitosis and chromosomes is considered one of the 100 most important scientific discoveries of all times, and one of the 10 most important discoveries in cell biology.
References
1843 births
1905 deaths
Cell biologists
German geneticists
Susan Smith

Susan Leigh Vaughan Smith (born September 26, 1971) is an American murderess. She was born in Union, South Carolina, and was a former student of the University of South Carolina Union. She was sentenced to life in prison on July 22, 1995 for killing her two sons on October 25, 1994.
The sons were 3-year-old Michael Daniel Smith, born October 10, 1991, and 14-month-old Alexander Tyler Smith, born August 5, 1993. At the time of the murders, Smith was estranged from her husband and had a boyfriend who did not want children in his life. She believed that by killing her children, her boyfriend would want a long-term relationship with her.
Case
The case gained worldwide attention after it was broadcast live. Smith told police that an African American man carjacked, and kidnapped her sons. Several weeks later, she confessed that she drove her car into a nearby lake. She got out of the car, and watched her sons drown inside the car. Smith later said that she suffered from mental illnesses, which made her kill her sons.
Smith's defense psychiatrist diagnosed her with dependent personality disorder and depression.
According to the South Carolina Department of Corrections, Smith will be eligible for parole on November 4, 2024, after serving at least of thirty years. She is currently at South Carolina's Leath Correctional Institution, near Greenwood.
In 2010, Deadly Women told the story of what happened that night, focusing on Smith's case and other parents that have killed their children.
References
See also
Charles Smith, an American criminal who killed his wife using an axe in 1916 in Dubois, Idaho.
Books
Other websites
U.S. News Year in Review - Susan Smith Trial - Dec. 28, 1995 - CNN
Michael & Alexander Smith memorial at Findagrave
1971 births
Living people
American murderers
American prisoners
Hoaxes
People from South Carolina
People with personality disorders
Sampzon

Sampzon is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Magdalena Forsberg

Magdalena "Magda" Forsberg (born 25 July 1967 in Ullanger, Sweden as Magdalena Wallin) is a Swedish former cross country skier and biathlete. She won the overall Biathlon World Cup for six years straight between the seasons of 1996-1997 and 2001/2002. She also won several Biathlon World Championships titles. She also participated in the Cross-Country Skiing World Cup between the seasons of 1987/1988 and 1995/1996. Her best results at the Winter Olympics were in Albertville in 1992 where she finished seventh in the 4 x 5 km relay and 26th in the 15 km event.
References
Other websites
1967 births
Living people
Swedish skiers
Watch Dogs

Watch Dogs (written as Watch_Dogs) is an action-adventure video game that was developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. The game was released on 27 May 2014. The game is available on Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One and Wii U.
It was revealed during Ubisoft's press conference at E3 2012. They announced that PC is the lead platform for the game.
It was chosen as Best PC Game, Biggest Surprise and Best New Franchise of E3 2012 by IGN. It also won People's Choice Most Exciting Game of E3 2013 by GameSpot.
The game tells the story of Aiden Pearce, a hacker who searches the city of Chicago for information in order to find out who hired the men who killed his six-year-old niece, Lena, when they tried and failed to kill Aiden.
References
Other websites
Official website
2014 video games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Wii U games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Ubisoft games
Uster

Uster is a city and capital of the district of Uster in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
It is the third-largest city in the canton of Zurich. About 30,000 people lived there in 2015. It is one of the twenty largest cities in Switzerland. It is located next to lake Greifensee.
The city of Uster received the Wakker Prize in 2001.
History
In 1099, the House of Rapperswil gave the city St. Andreas Church.
Villages
Kirchuster, Freudwil, Nanikon, Niederuster, Nossikon, Oberuster, Riedikon, Sulzbach, Wermatswil, Werrikon, Winikon-Gschwader and Uster
Gallery
References
Other websites
Official website of the city of Uster
Map of Uster
Municipalities of Zurich
Cities in Switzerland
Takeyoshi Tanuma

was a Japanese photographer. He was born in Tokyo, Japan. He taught at Tokyo Polytechnic University. He was also the chairman of the Japan Photographic Copyright Association and Japan Professional Photographers Society.
In 2019, the Japanese government honoured him with the Order of Culture.
Tanuma died on June 1, 2022 at his Tokyo home, aged 93.
References
1929 births
2022 deaths
Japanese academics
Japanese photographers
People from Tokyo