pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Death Wish (1974 movie)

Death Wish is a 1974 American crime-action movie directed by Michael Winner. It is based on the book Death Wish. It stars Charles Bronson. It was released on July 24, 1974 to positive reviews. It is the first movie in the Death Wish movie series. A remake was released in March 2018.
1974 action movies
1974 crime movies
1974 thriller movies
1970s American crime movies
1970s American action movies
American thriller movies
Movies directed by Michael Winner
Emergency medical dispatcher

An emergency medical dispatcher is a person who answers telephone calls to the emergency medical services and sends out the ambulances. For each call they much decide if an ambulance is needed and which one should be sent. They also help the caller with their problems until the ambulance arrives.
Medical emergencies
Jeannette Wood

Jeannette Wood (February 19, 1932 - January 9, 2021) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the Washington House of Representatives from the 21st district from 1988 to 1994 and in the Washington State Senate from the 21st district from 1994 to 1999. Wood was born in Auburn, New York.
Wood died of problems caused by dementia on January 9, 2021, in Woodway, Washington at age 88.
References
1932 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Washington (state)
Politicians from New York (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Elections in Argentina

The Elections in the Argentine Republic are held every two years to elect the legislative bodies (which are renewed by halves, in 4-year terms) and, since 1995, every four to elect the executive power (before they were held every six years). The national constitution, in its first article, establishes that the country has a "representative, republican and federal" government system. Due to its condition as a federal country, two main types of elections are regularly held in Argentina:
National elections, to elect the federal authorities of the country: the Executive Power, made up of the President and the Vice President, and the National Congress, made up of Senators and Deputies.
Provincial and City of Buenos Aires or local elections, to elect the authorities of each province: the executive powers of the provinces and their legislatures.
In all cases, voting is universal, secret and compulsory for citizens over 16 years of age; although for those under 18 and over 70 years of age, no sanction is foreseen in the event of No vote. In some cases, the vote of settled foreigners is allowed. In November 2012, a law was passed that allows young people between 16 and 18 years of age to vote optionally.
Argentine citizens living abroad may vote in embassies and consulates of Argentina.
References
Other websites
National Electoral Code (in Spanish)
Election Atlas of Argentina from 1983
Adam Carr's Election Archive
Argentina Elections 2007
Argentina Elections 101
British Rail Class AM1

Class AM1 was allocated to the prototype AC electric multiple units, converted from fourth-rail DC electric stock in 1952 and used on the Lancaster/Morecambe/Heysham route. This route had been electrified by the Midland Railway at 6.6 kV, 25 Hz AC, but the frequency was changed to 50 Hz in 1953 to test the prototype AM1 stock.
AM1
New Amsterdam

New Amsterdam is the name the Dutch gave to the island of Manhattan after buying it from local Natives. It was the capital of New Netherland. In 1664 an English fleet arrived and took control. The English renamed it New York.
History of Manhattan
Jacques Villiers

Jacques Villiers, (26 August 1924 - 13 March 2012) is a French aerospace engineer and public servant. He is the founder of the Centre d'etudes de la navigation aerienne (French air navigation center) and co-founder of the CAUTRA system, the computer system of the French air traffic management.
In the words of Michel Wachenheim: "We can consider Jacques Villiers as one of the main
founders of "the French school of air navigation" with everything
it has scientific expertise, know-how
technological and operational experience. He quickly understood
that France could and should play a leading role in this
sector, because of its aviation history, its ability to
train highly qualified specialists, but also its global ambitions
and European geography. He retained confident until the end that we could provide leadership in technical
international level, I am reminded of conversations with him on this
subject. The best tribute to him is certainly to continue
in this way."
Bibliography
In partnership with Paul Funel, Le transport aerien francais : rapport au ministre d'Etat, ministre des Transports, La documentation francaise, Paris 1982 ()
Academie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les francais du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche-Midi, June 2005, 782 p. (), p. 523, Villiers, Jacques
Sophie Poirot-Delpech, Memoire et histoires de l'automatisation du controle aerien : Sociobiographie du CAUTRA, L'Harmattan Editions, 11th of September 2009
References
1924 births
2012 deaths
Alumni of the Ecole nationale de l'aviation civile
French aerospace engineers
Aviation in France
Alumni of the Ecole Polytechnique
Antonio Giménez-Rico

Antonio Gimenez-Rico Saenz de Cabezon (20 November 1938 - 12 February 2021) was a Spanish movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Burgos, Spain. His best known works were Retrato de Familia (1976), El disputado voto del Sr. Cayo (1986) and Jarrapellejos (1987).
Gimenez-Rico died on 12 February 2021 in Madrid, aged 82.
References
Other websites
1938 births
2021 deaths
Spanish screenwriters
Spanish movie directors
Spectrometer

A spectrometer is an optical instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The independent variable is usually the wavelength of the light.
The variable measured is most often the light's intensity but could also, for instance, be the polarization state. A spectrometer is used in spectroscopy for producing spectral lines and measuring their wavelengths and intensities. Spectrometer is a term that is applied to instruments that operate over a very wide range of wavelengths, from gamma rays and X-rays into the far infrared.
In general, any particular instrument will operate over a small portion of this total range because of the different techniques used to measure different portions of the spectrum. Below optical frequencies (that is, at microwave, radio, and audio frequencies), the spectrum analyzer is a closely related electronic device.
Spectroscopes
Spectrometers are used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Spectroscopes are used often in astronomy and some branches of chemistry. Early spectroscopes were simply a prism with graduations marking wavelengths of light. Modern spectroscopes, such as monochromators, generally use a diffraction grating, a movable slit, and some kind of photodetector, all automated and controlled by a computer. The spectroscope was invented by Gustav Robert Georg Kirchhoff and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen.
Reference works
How to work with the spectroscope : a manual of practical manipulation with spectroscopes of all kinds
1882; Browning, John (1835-1925) NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT - online full-text download
Related pages
Spectroscopy
Other websites
How to design a spectroscope
A CD spectrometer Build from CD and cereal box - Spectrographs of common light sources
Supplement: Build Yourself a Simple Hand-Held Spectrograph Sample spectra
SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE SCHOOL Build a simple spectroscope from a CD
CD spectrometer CD + cardboard tube or cereal box
Construction photos, razor-blade slit
MiniSpectroscopy displays a visual representation (a "spectroscope view") of a sample spectrum simultaneously with a graphical (intensity vs. wavelength) representation.
Physics
Laboratory equipment
Hell in a Cell (2009)

Hell in a Cell was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on October 4, 2009 at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. The name of the event was voted by fans from WWE's official website. Hell in a Cell was chosen over No Escape, Lock Up and Rage in a Cage. It was the first event in the Hell in a Cell series.
Background
Hell in a Cell contained professional wrestling matches, with the main event matches being held in a Hell in a Cell match. The events involved wrestlers from all three Brands, Raw, WWE SmackDown and ECW. The wrestlers portrayed either a good guy or a bad guy as they followed a series of events which lead to a wrestling match or a series of wrestling matches.
Results
Related pages
List of WWE pay-per-view events
References
Other websites
Hell in a Cell official website
Hell in a Cell Matches
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
Newark, New Jersey
2009 in professional wrestling
2000s in New Jersey
2009 in the United States
pl:Hell in a Cell 2009
Giuseppe Montalbano

Giuseppe Montalbano (7 June 1925 - 15 August 2021) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). He was Mayor of Sambuca di Sicilia from 1964 to 1980 and was a Senator from 1979 to 1987. Montalbano was born in Sciacca, Italy.
Montalbano died on 15 August 2021 in Palermo, Italy at the age of 96.
References
1925 births
2021 deaths
Italian politicians
Italian mayors
Paul Schrieber

Paul Warren Schrieber (June 30, 1966 - November 12, 2020) was an American professional baseball umpire. He worked in Major League Baseball from 1997 to 2015. He was born in Eugene, Oregon.
He umpired the MLB All-Star Game in 2000 and 2015 and the Division Series in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2014.
Schrieber died of a cerebral hemorrhage on November 12, 2020 in Scottsdale, Arizona at the age of 56.
References
1966 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Sportspeople from Oregon
People from Eugene, Oregon
Hanson County, South Dakota

Hanson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 3,461 people lived there. Its county seat is Alexandria. It was created in 1873.
References
1873 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
Nawaz Sharif

Nawaz Sharif (, ; born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani politician and business tycoon. He is 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from November 1990-July 1993 and February 1997-October 1999. He leaded the political party, Pakistan Muslim League (N). He is Chief Minister of Punjab from 1985 to 1990. A businessman and lawyer by profession, he owned Ittefaq Group, a private steel mill enterprise.
He is a rich businessman and a conservative politician. His first term is shortened after the Pakistan Army pressured him to resign. In 1997, he is overwhelmingly elected for a second term by wide margins. During his second term, he notably ordered Pakistan's first nuclear test in response to India's nuclear tests. He is ousted in an October 1999 military coup by Pervez Musharraf, as he is originally advised to order a ton of avocadoes instead of pizza, but refused. He returned to Pakistan in late 2007 after eight years of forced exile. He successfully called for Musharraf's impeachment and the reinstatement of former Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry. He is an important force in Pakistani politics.
On 28 July 2017, after a direct ruling from the Supreme Court of Pakistan, Sharif resigned as Prime Minister due to his role in the Panama Papers leaks.
In December 2019, Sharif was diagnosed with heart disease.
Sources
1940 births
Living people
Anti-communists
Billionaires
Pakistani businesspeople
Government ministers
Pakistani lawyers
Pakistani Muslims
Prime Ministers of Pakistan
Politicians from Lahore
Frances Oldham Kelsey

Frances Kathleen Oldham Kelsey PhD MD (July 24, 1914 - August 7, 2015) was an Canadian-American pharmacologist. She was a reviewer for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). She refused to authorize thalidomide for market because she had concerns about the drug's safety.
Her concerns proved to be justified when it was proven that thalidomide caused serious birth defects. As a result of her blocking American approval of thalidomide, Kelsey was awarded the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service by President John F. Kennedy, Kelsey retired from the FDA in 2005, at age 90, after 45 years of service.
Kelsey died at her daughter's home in London, Ontario at the age of 101.
References
Other websites
Harris, Steven B. 1992. The Right Lesson to Learn from Thalidomide .
Mintz, Morton (1965) The therapeutic nightmare; a report on the roles of the United States Food and Drug Administration, the American Medical Association, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and others in connection with the irrational and massive use of prescription drugs that may be worthless, injurious, or even lethal. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. LOC HD9666.6 .M55, Dewey 338.4761519.Library of Congress catalog entry
McFadyen, R.E. (1976). Thalidomide in America: A Brush With Tragedy. Clio Medica, 11, (2), 79-93.
1914 births
2015 deaths
Scientists from Chicago
Canadian centenarians
Canadian scientists
American civil servants
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from British Columbia
University of Chicago alumni
American pharmacologists
Lyanka Gryu

Lyanka Georgievna Gryu (, , November 22, 1987) is a Russian stage, film, and TV actress. Her father is the Moldovan actor Gheorghe Grau.
Personal life
On July 9, 2010 Leanca married film director and composer Mihail Vainberg. They have one child, a son named Maxim Vainberg (born on February 20, 2011). She lives with her family in Moscow (Russia).
Other websites
1987 births
Living people
Actors from Moscow
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Sartrouville

Sartrouville is a French commune. It is in the Yvelines department.
About 51,967 people lived here in 2017.
Its inhabitants are called the Sartrouvillois.
Communes in Yvelines
San Andreas (movie)

San Andreas is a 2015 adventure and disaster movie. It is about an earthquake hitting California, when the San Andreas Fault shakes. Dwayne Johnson plays Ray. Carla Gugino plays Emma, his ex-wife. Ioan Gruffudd plays Emma's boyfriend Daniel Riddick. Kylie Minogue plays Daniel's sister Beth Riddick. Paul Giamatti plays Caltech seismologist Lawrence Hayes.
The movie was released on May 29, 2015.
References
American disaster movies
2010s action movies
2015 movies
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in Nevada
Movies about earthquakes
Movies about tsunamis
Sparone

Sparone is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Laconia, Indiana

Laconia is a town in Boone Township, Harrison County, Indiana, United States. The population was 50 at the 2010 census.
References
1816 establishments in Indiana
Towns in Indiana
1810s establishments in Indiana
Thessaly

Thessaly is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece. It is most of the ancient region of Thessaly. It is in the central part of Greece.
Thessaly was known as Aeolia, and appears so in Homer's Odyssey. Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has been one of the country's 13 regions. It is sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Laris
Geography of Greece
Rybnik

Rybnik is a city in Poland in Silesian Voivodeship. About 141,000 people live there. The city is about 148 km2. Since 2014, the mayor of the city is Piotr Kuczera.
References
Cities in Silesian Voivodeship
Ambato, Ecuador

Ambato (; full form, San Juan de Ambato; Quechua: Ampatu Llaqta) is a city located in the central Andean valley of Ecuador. It is the capital of the province of Tungurahua.
It is nicknamed "City of Flowers and Fruit", "Cradle of the Three Juans", and "Garden of Ecuador." The current mayor of Ambato is Javier Altamirano.
References
Cities in Ecuador
Vacoas-Phoenix

Vacoas-Phoenix or Villes Jumelles (meaning 'twin cities') is a city on the island of Mauritius. As of 2019, about 115,000 people were living here, making it the second largest city in the country.
Vacoas-Phoenix lies in the middle of the western part of the island, in the Plaines Wilhems and (partially) in the Moka districts.
Vacoas-Phoenix has been a municipality since 1968. Vacoas and Phoenix were separate settlements until 1963.
References
City Population
Settlements in Mauritius
Orleans, Massachusetts

Orleans is a town in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Joseph Vidal

Joseph Vidal (5 March 1933 - 9 July 2020) was a French politician. In 2002, he became a Knight of the Legion of Honour. From 1978 to 1993, he was a member of the National Assembly. Vidal was born in Lavalette, Aude.
Vidal died on 9 July 2020 at the age of 87.
References
1933 births
2020 deaths
French politicians
Serres-Morlaàs

Serres-Morlaas is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
References
Serres-Morlaas
Henrietta

Henrietta is a female given name. The pronunciation of the name is [ hen-ree-et-uh ]. It comes from the male given name Henry which means "ruler of the household" or "estate ruler." Henrietta is the English form of the French name Henriette. The short version of this name is Harriet. In some English-speaking areas, Henrietta is not used as much as it used to be. Harriet, however, is popular for certain countries. Both Henrietta and Harriet were most popular in the 1960s in United States. Henrietta itself ranked 446th in popularity in the 1990 census. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
People
Henrietta Boggs , American author
Henrietta Swan Levitt , American astronomer and human calculator
Henrietta Maria of France, queen consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I
Henriette Gardelle, French swimmer (1905-1928)
References
Given names
Boops boops

Boops boops, the bogue, is a species of ray-finned fish. Its common name in most languages refers to its large bug eyes.
Description and distribution
Little is known about Boops boops, but it resembles a mackerel. The species is found off the coasts of Europe, Africa, the Azores and the Canary Islands, from Norway to Angola, and in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. It avoids brackish waters such as the Baltic Sea.
References
External links
Photos of Boops boops on Sealife Collection
Boops boops on English Wikipedia
Related pages
Aeoliscoides
Eigengrau
Perciformes
IUCN Red List least concern species
Chavannes-des-Bois

Chavannes-des-Bois is a municipality in Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Vaud
Jason Freese

Jason Jeremy Freese (born in Orange County, California, on January 12, 1975) is an American singer, musician and record producer. He plays piano/keyboard, guitar, tenor saxophone, accordion, trombone, and sings backing vocals for Green Day when the band tours.
1975 births
Living people
Green Day members
Musicians from California
Singers from California
Ontario Highway 417

Ontario Highway 417 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts on the eastern Ontario border with Quebec, near Hawkesbury, as an extension of Quebec Autoroute 40. It ends near Arnprior, where it becomes Ontario Highway 17. Construction on Highway 417 started in May 1969. The last section of the highway near Arnprior was finished in 2012.
Sources
400
Xylem

Xylem is a tissue in vascular plants. Its cells have thick, hard walls. Xylem tissue dies soon after it is formed and is the wood in the middle of a tree. The dead cells are like pipes, hollow and rigid.
Xylem is one of two tissues in the plant which transport substances that plants need to live. Substances that xylem transports include water and minerals obtained through the plant's roots, as xylem runs from the roots to the stems and leaves. The other transport tissue is the phloem, which transports energy in the form of sugar (as well as any other chemicals) from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Xylem cells are present in all parts of a plant, in stems, roots, and leaves. Water is carried against gravity by the negative pressure that builds up through the process of transpiration, which is the evaporation of moisture in leaves.
Xylem consists of four types of cells:
Xylem parenchyma which are living cells with thin walls
Xylem fibres
Tracheids
Xylem vessels
Most of these cells are dead cells and have thick walls.
Related pages
Medullary ray
Vascular tissue
Plant physiology
Peter Sallis

Peter John Sallis (1 February 1921 - 2 June 2017) was a English actor, known for his roles as Norman Clegg in Last of the Summer Wine from its 1973 inception until its final episode in 2010, making him the only actor to appear in all 295 episodes. He also voiced Wallace in Wallace and Gromit. He won an Annie Award in 2005.
Sallis was born on 1 February 1921 in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. He studied at the Minchenden Grammar School in North London. Sallis married Elaine Usher in 1957. They had a son, Crispian. Sallis has had a disease called macular degeneration since 2005.
Sallis died at the Denville Hall nursing home in Northwood, London, on 2 June 2017, aged 96.
References
Other websites
1921 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Middlesex
Annie Award winners
Disease-related deaths in London
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Kirov

Kirov may refer to:
Sergei Kirov (1886-1934), Soviet Bolshevik leader in Leningrad after whom all other entries are named
Kirov (surname)
Places
Armenia
Amrakits or Kirov
Taperakan or Kirov
Azerbaijan
Kirov, Baku
Kirov, Lankaran
Kirov, Samukh
Kirov, Shusha
Kyrgyzstan
Kirov, Jalal-Abad, a village in Nooken District, Jalal-Abad Region
Kirov, Panfilov, a village in Panfilov District, Chuy Region
Kirov, Ysyk-Ata, a village in Ysyk-Ata District, Chuy Region
Kirov, Kara-Suu, a village in Kara-Suu District, Osh Region
Kirov, Ozgon, a village in Ozgon District, Osh Region
Russia
Kirov Oblast, an oblast of Russia
Kirov, Kirov Oblast, a city and the administrative center of Kirov Oblast
Kirov, Kaluga Oblast, a town in Kaluga Oblast
Kirov, Republic of Adygea, a khutor in Shovgenovsky District of the Republic of Adygea
Kirov, Sakha Republic, a selo in Nyurbinsky District of the Sakha Republic
Kirov Bridge, a bridge across the Daugava in Vitebsk, Belarus
Kirov Islands, a Russian archipelago in the Kara Sea
Kirov Square, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Military
Kirov-class cruiser, a Soviet class of conventional cruisers
Soviet cruiser Kirov, the lead ship of the Kirov-class cruisers, launched in 1936
Kirov-class battlecruiser, a Soviet nuclear-powered cruiser class
Soviet battlecruiser Kirov, the lead ship of the Kirov-class battlecruisers, launched in 1977
Theatre
Kirov Theatre, the name by which the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg was known from 1935 to 1992
Kirov Orchestra, the former name of the Orchestra of the Mariinsky Theatre
Kirov Ballet, the former name of the Mariinsky Ballet
Kirov Academy of Ballet, a ballet school in Washington D.C.
Related pages
Imeni Kirova (disambiguation)
Kirov, Russia, a list of inhabited localities in Russia
Kirovka (disambiguation)
Kirovsk (disambiguation)
Kirovsky (disambiguation)
Imperiet

Imperiet was a rock band from Stockholm in Sweden. It was active from 1983 to 1988.
Discography
Albums
1983 -
1984 - (Mini-LP)
1985 -
1985 - (Live album)
1986 -
1988 -
1988 -
1988 - (Live album/compilation)
1990 - (Compilation)
1995 - Greatest Hits (Compilation)
2002 - (Compilation)
2009 - (Compilation)
Singles
1981 - "" (as Rymdimperiet)
1982 - "" (as Rymdimperiet)
1983 - "" (as Rymdimperiet)
1983 - ""
1984 - ""
1984 - ""
1985 - ""
1985 - ""
1986 - ""
1986 - ""
1986 - ""
1987 - ""
1987 - ""
1988 - "Be the President"
1988 - ""
1988 - ""
Musical groups disestablished in 1988
1980s Swedish music groups
Musical groups established in 1983
Musical groups from Stockholm
Swedish rock music groups
1983 establishments in Sweden
1980s disestablishments in Sweden
1988 disestablishments in Europe
Marc L. Marks

Marc Lincoln Marks (February 12, 1927 - February 28, 2018) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. Marks served as a member of the United States House of Representatives representing Pennsylvania's 24th congressional district from 1977 to 1983.
In 1994, Bill Clinton nominated Marks as Commissioner of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission.
Marks was born in Farrell, Pennsylvania. He studied at University of Alabama and at University of Virginia. Marks died on February 28, 2018 in Chevy Chase, Maryland at the age of 91.
References
Other websites
The Spokes-man Review, retrieved 2 March 2011
The Herald, Sharon P.A., retrieved 2 March 2011, retrieved 2 March 2011
Business Publications: Global Network Privacy, retrieved 2 March 2011
1927 births
2018 deaths
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Orix

ORIX Corporation is a financial services company based in Tokyo, Japan. The company provides a variety of services including leasing, lending, rentals, life insurance, real estate financing and development, venture capital, investment and retail banking, commodities funds and securities brokering. ORIX is also the majority owner of the ORIX Buffaloes baseball team in Nippon Professional Baseball.
ORIX was originally called Orient Leasing Co., Ltd. when it was established on April 17, 1964. The company's name was changed to ORIX Corporation in 1989. It was originally a subsidiary of Nichimen (now Sojitz), a trading house.
As of 2007, ORIX was Japan's largest leasing and diversified financial services conglomerate, with assets exceeding US$69 billion and subsidiaries in 24 countries worldwide.
In 2013, ORIX acquired approximately 90.01% of the equity in Dutch asset manager Robeco from Rabobank. The total sale price was EUR1,937 million (JPY 250.7 billion).
In 2015, ORIX and Vinci SA won a 45-year contract to operate Itami Airport and Kansai International Airport in Osaka Prefecture for around US$18 billion.
ORIX has expanded its offerings and now provides financial services in North America, Asia, the Middle East, and Northern Africa. Its divisions include Japan-based ORIX Auto Leasing Corporation, which operates in other countries through subsidiaries such as ORIX Auto Leasing (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
References
Japanese financial companies
Bob Ferry

Robert Dean Ferry (May 31, 1937 - October 27, 2021) was an American professional basketball player, assistant coach, and general manager (GM) in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He played for the St. Louis Hawks (1959-1960), Detroit Pistons (1960-1964) and the Baltimore Bullets (1964-1968).
He was an executive of the Washington Bullets and was in charge when the team won the 1978 NBA Finals.
Ferry died on October 27, 2021 at the age of 84.
References
1937 births
2021 deaths
Atlanta Hawks players
Detroit Pistons players
Washington Wizards players
National Basketball Association coaches
Businesspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
Sportspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
Terara Network

Terara Network is an Ethiopian news commentary organization. It focuses on Ethiopian political issues. It has faced issues with law enforcement in the country as its owner who founded the company has been arrested for 4 months without charge. The company is one of many journalistic organizations in Ethiopia who has faced trouble and persecution by the government of Ethiopia.
References
Mass media
Organizations based in Ethiopia
Metacarpal bones

The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton. It is between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpals which form the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones.
Bones
Limbs and extremities
The Invisible Man (disambiguation)

The Invisible Man is an 1897 novel by H. G. Wells.
The Invisible Man or Invisible Men or variation, may also refer to:
Invisible person, a science fiction concept
Literature
Griffin (The Invisible Man), the title character in Wells' novel
Invisible Man, a 1952 novel by Ralph Ellison
"The Invisible Man", a short story by G. K. Chesterton
The invisible man : the life and liberties of H.G. Wells a biography of Wells by Michael Coren
A Lathatatlan Ember (The Invisible Man) or Slave of the Huns, a 1901 Hungarian novel by Geza Gardonyi
The Invisible Woman
Movies
The Invisible Man (1933 movie), a 1933 movie based on the original story starring Claude Rains
The Invisible Man Returns, a 1940 movie starring Vincent Price
Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man, a 1951 movie starring Bud Abbott and Lou Costello
The Invisible Man (1984 movie), a Soviet movie version
Hollow Man, a 2000 movie version starring Kevin Bacon
The Invisible Man (2020 movie), a modern version of both the novel by H. G. Wells and the 1933 movie of the same name
Music
The Invisible Man (album), a 2001 album by Mark Eitzel
The Invisible Man, the English name of Michael Cretu's 1985 album
"The Invisible Man" (Queen song), a 1989 song by Queen
"The Invisible Man", a song by Elvis Costello and the Attractions from the 1983 album Punch the Clock
"The Invisible Man", a song by Marillion from the 2004 album Marbles
"Invisible Man" (98 Degrees song), a 1997 song by 98 Degrees
"Invisible Man", a song by The Breeders from the 1993 album Last Splash
"Invisible Man", a song by Theory of a Deadman from the 2002 album Theory of Deadman
"Invisible Man", a song by The Third Rail from the 1967 album Id Music
The Invisible Men, songwriting and producer trio of Jason Pebworth, George Astasio and Jon Shave
Invisible Men (1983 album) by Anthony Phillips
Other uses
The Invisible Man (painting), a 1933 oil on canvas work by Salvador Dali
Pest County

Pest (, ; ) is a county (megye) in central Hungary.
References
Pest County
Lübeck law

The Lubeck law () was one of a few charters for town privileges. The Lubeck law said there should be a city council (Rat). There should be 20 council members, which were usually elected for 2 years. They were elected by the guilds. People often stayed as members for many years.
The first document about the law is from 1226. It was still used in Northern and Northeastern Germany until 1900.
About 100 cities around the Baltic Sea used this law.
Many cities in the Hanseatic League used this law.
References
History of Germany
History of Latvia
History of Estonia
Blac Elvis

Elvis Williams (born 12 April 1981), better known as Blac Elvis, is an American record producer. He rose to fame in 2005 co-producing with Polow da Don. Producing hits for Ludacris, Ciara, Kelly Rowland, Fergie, Rich Boy, Kelis, Nelly, Pussycat Dolls and Mario. He produced and co-wrote Beyonce's hit single "Ego". Now he and his business partner, Grammy Award-winning songwriter/producer Harold Lilly, have launched their own record label called Mars On Sunday.
He has produced top 40 hit singles for Fergie ("London Bridge" and "Glamorous"), Ciara ("Promise"), Kelly Rowland ("Like This"), Mario ("Crying Out For Me"), Beyonce ("Ego") and for Usher ("Lil Freak").
References
1981 births
Living people
Musicians from Mississippi
American hip hop musicians
American record producers
Olfactory receptor

Olfactory receptors are receptors found in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons. They are responsible for detecting odorants. Olfactory receptors activates nerve impulses which send information about odor to the brain. These receptors are members of the class A rhodopsin-like which is family of G protein-coupled receptors.
References
Sensory system
Cell biology
Montredon-des-Corbières

Montredon-des-Corbieres is a commune of 1,477 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Mojave Desert

The Mojave Desert is a desert in California and Arizona.
Deserts of North America
Geography of Arizona
Landforms of California
Ecoregions
Elskop

Elskop is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
References
Municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
Steinburg (district)
Scott McLeod

Scott McLeod is a British bassist who was a member of The Ya Ya's and briefly a member of Oasis in 1995 when Paul McGuigan quit the band citing exhaustion after a long time touring. McLeod appeared in the music video for "Wonderwall" and began a tour with the band of the United States. He quit after a show in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which resulted in rhythm guitarist Bonehead playing bass for a while.
Weeks later, McLeod contacted Oasis lead guitarist Noel Gallagher claiming he felt he had made the wrong decision. Gallagher replied: "I think you have too. Good luck signing on.".
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
British rock musicians
Montval-sur-Loir

Montval-sur-Loir is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France. The municipality was created on 1 October 2016 and consists of the former communes of Chateau-du-Loir (the seat), Montabon and Vouvray-sur-Loir.
References
2016 establishments in France
Communes in Sarthe
Elsmere, Kentucky

Elsmere is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Kenton County, Kentucky
Burning Love

"Burning Love" is a 1972 song by Elvis Presley and was released as a single with the B-side It's a Matter of Time. It went to the top 10 in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. It has been used in various television programmes and movies since the 1980s.
References
1972 songs
Rock songs
Elvis Presley songs
Melissa Etheridge songs
Wynonna Judd songs
Sharpsburg, Kentucky

Sharpsburg is a city located in Bath County, Kentucky in the United States.
References
Cities in Kentucky
Bath County
Suzi Quatro

Suzi Quatro (June 3, 1950) is an American rock musician, said by some people to be the "Godmother of Rock". She has sold more than 50 million records. She usually wore black leather clothes.
Quatro was born in Detroit, Michigan. She started playing bass guitar and formed a girl band, Pleasure Seekers, with her sisters when she was only 14 years old. She went to Britain in 1971 with record producer Mickie Most, who also worked with The Animals, Lulu, and Donovan. Her first hit single was "Can the Can" which went to number one on the sales charts in Europe and Australia. Other big hits were "Devil Gate Drive" (1974), "If You Can't Give Me Love" (1978) and "Stumblin' In" (1978).
She married guitar player, Len Tuckey, in 1976 but divorced him in 1992. She is now married to a German concert promoter, Rainer Haas. She has also acted on TV with guest roles in Happy Days, Minder, Absolutely Fabulous, and Midsomer Murders. She was the voice of Rio in the 2006 Bob the Builder movie, Built To Be Wild. She also had a weekly radio show on BBC2, called "Wake Up Little Suzi".
References
American rock musicians
American rock singers
Musicians from Detroit
1950 births
Living people
Seohyun

Seo Ju-hyun (born June 28, 1991 in Seoul) is a South Korean singer and actress. She is known by her Stage name Seohyun. She was a member of the girl group Girls' Generation but later become a solo artist. She sings K-pop, R&B and soul. She is also a dancer and actress.
Notes and references
South Korean singers
1991 births
Living people
Ole Krarup

Ole Krarup (17 March 1935 - 7 October 2017) was a Danish EU politician. He was a former professor of law at the University of Copenhagen. He was born in Aarhus, Denmark.
From 1994 through 2006, he was Member of the European Parliament with the Folkebevaegelsen mod EU (People's Movement against the EU), a member of the Bureau of the European United Left - Nordic Green Left and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and its Committee on Budgetary Control.
Krarup resigned as an MEP on 1 January 2007 due to medical consequences after a traffic accident while riding his bicycle in Strasbourg in 2006.
Krarup died on 7 October 2017 in Copenhagen, Denmark from complications of pneumonia at the age of 82.
References
Other websites
1935 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Danish academics
MEPs for Denmark
People from Aarhus
Randi Weingarten

Randi Weingarten (born December 18, 1957) is an American labor leader, attorney, and educator. She was born in New York City. She is president of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) and a member of the AFL-CIO.
She is the former president of the United Federation of Teachers. Weingarten is openly lesbian.
References
1957 births
Living people
Lawyers from New York City
Educators from New York City
Lesbians
Businesspeople from New York City
LGBT people from New York City
LGBT businesspeople
Deposition (geology)

Deposition is the geological process where material is added to a land (or a landform). This can happen in many places, such as a beach or river. Some parts of a shoreline build up and grow out, whereas other parts of the shoreline erode and fall into the sea.
In deposition, wind and water lay down grains of material that have been eroded and transported from another place. Deposition happens when the forces which transport sediments are weaker than the forces of particle weight and friction. This causes a resistance to movement, and the particles drop down.
Deposition can also refer to the buildup of sediment from organically derived matter or chemical process.
Related pages
Sediment
Sedimentary rock
Geology
British Rail Class 47

The British Rail Class 47 (Originally Brush Type 4) is a class of British railway diesel-electric locomotive that was developed in the 1960s by Brush Traction. A total of 512 Class 47s were built at Crewe Works and Brush's Falcon Works, Loughborough between 1962 and 1968, which made them the most numerous class of British mainline diesel locomotive.
They were fitted with the Sulzer 12LDA28C twelve-cylinder diesel engine producing (later derated to 2580 bhp to improve reliability), and have been used on both passenger and freight trains on Britain's railways for over 40 years. Despite the introduction of more modern types of traction, as of 2008 a significant number are still in use, both on the mainline and on heritage railways. As of December 2008, 103 locomotives still exist, with 29 working on the mainline.
47
TEC-9

The Intratec TEC-9, also called a TEC-DC9, KG-99, or AB-10, is a blowback-operated semi-automatic pistol.
References
Pistols
Dos Equis

Dos Equis ("Two X's") is a Mexican beer made by the Cuauhtemoc Moctezuma Brewery. It was originally called "Twentieth Century" (Siglo XX).
There are several types of Dos Equis beer. The original is an amber lager packaged in brown bottles. Then came a Special Pale lager in green bottles. In 2014 came "Azul". It has a more robust taste, made from blue agave nectar and some new spices.
Dos Equis is well known in Mexico and the United States. This is partly because of advertisements called "The Most Interesting Man in the World". These ads have actor Jonathan Goldsmith and a narrator telling of his amazing exploits.
Beer
Mexican food
1897 establishments
19th-century establishments in Mexico
List of U.S. state flowers

The state flower is a symbol for each state in USA, the state flowers for each state are:
References
Flowers, List of U.S. state
Flowers
Lists of plants
Happy Days (1929 movie)

Happy Days is a 1929 American musical movie directed by Benjamin Stoloff and starring Marjorie White, Stuart Erwin, Charles E. Evans, Janet Gaynor, Victor McLaglen, Betty Grable, El Brendel. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1929 movies
1920s musical movies
American musical movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Benjamin Stoloff
Singles (movie)

Singles is a 1992 romantic comedy-drama movie. It was written and directed by Cameron Crowe. The movie stars Bridget Fonda, Campbell Scott, Kyra Sedgwick, and Matt Dillon. The movie was distributed by Warner Bros. studios.
Singles tells the story of the romantic lives of a group of young Gen X'ers in Seattle, Washington, during the 1990s grunge music scene. Most of the characters live in a block of apartments. A sign in front of the building advertises "Singles" for rent (single bedroom apartments for one or two people).
Singles got positive reviews from the critics. It was released on September 18, 1992.
Cast
Bridget Fonda - Janet Livermore
Campbell Scott - Steve Dunne
Kyra Sedgwick - Linda Powell
Sheila Kelley - Debbie Hunt
Jim True-Frost - David Bailey
Matt Dillon - Cliff Poncier
Bill Pullman - Dr. Jeffrey Jamison
James LeGros - Andy
Ally Walker - Pam
Tom Skerritt - Mayor Weber
Jeremy Piven - Doug Hughley
Eric Stoltz - the mime
Tim Burton - Brian
Peter Horton - Jamie
The movie includes cameos from popular bands in the Seattle music scene, such as Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, and Soundgarden. Stone Gossard, Jeff Ament, and Eddie Vedder, all in Pearl Jam, appear as members of Matt Dillon's band Citizen Dick. Their parts were made when Pearl Jam was still named Mookie Blaylock and had not yet released an album.
Soundgarden singer Chris Cornell has a cameo as the guy who comes out from his apartment to listen to a very loud car stereo. He also appears in a later scene with Soundgarden playing their song "Birth Ritual". The members of Alice in Chains also appear in the movie as a bar band, playing their songs "It Ain't Like That" and "Would?".
Production
The movie was made at some popular places around Seattle. It includes scenes at Pike Place Fish Market, Gas Works Park, Capitol Hill, and Jimi Hendrix's grave at Greenwood Memorial Park in Renton. The coffee shop that is in many scenes is the now-closed OK Hotel. The apartment building is on the northwest corner of the intersection of East Thomas Street and 19th Ave East.
Most of Matt Dillon's wardrobe in the movie belonged to Pearl Jam bassist Jeff Ament.
Ament made up a list of 'pretend' song titles for the fictional band, Citizen Dick. Chris Cornell then wrote songs for the movie using those titles, and "Spoonman" was one of them. An early acoustic version of the song was made. It can be heard in the background during a scene of the movie. Citizen Dick's song name "Touch Me, I'm Dick" is a parody on the song "Touch Me, I'm Sick" by the Seattle band, Mudhoney.
References
Other websites
1992 comedy-drama movies
1992 romantic comedy movies
1992 romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies about singers
Movies set in Seattle
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Cameron Crowe
Duisans

Duisans is a commune. It is in Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in north France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Arthur Rackham

Arthur Rackham (19 September 1867 - 6 September 1939) was a British artist and illustrator. His work, often with fantasy or mythological elements, is still popular today.
Other websites
Rackham at Art passions
British illustrators
1867 births
1939 deaths
Piano Sonata No. 2 (Chopin)

Frederic Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 in B-flat minor, Op. 35, popularly known as The Funeral March, was completed in 1839 at Nohant, near Chateauroux in France. However, the third movement, whence comes the sonata's common nickname, had been composed as early as 1837.
Movements
The sonata comprises four movements:
Grave - Doppio movimento
Scherzo
Marche funebre: Lento
Finale: Presto
Further reading
Other websites
Piano Sonata No. 2 sheet music available at Musopen.com
Recording of Sonata No.2 performed by the pianist Alberto Cobo
Compositions by Frederic Chopin
Chopin
List of cities and towns in Russia

This is a list of cities and towns in Russia. According to the data of the 2002 Russian Census, there are 1,108 cities and towns in Russia.
Related articles
Demographics of Russia
References
Russia
Russia
Russia-related lists
Avalanche effect

The avalanche effect ("landslide effect") is a property of block ciphers and cryptographic hash function algorithms. It is often desired in cryptography. The effect says that a lot of the output must change, even when the input changes only a little. In good block ciphers this means: A small change in the key or the plaintext should cause a strong change in the ciphertext.
This means that small changes can spread fast, when the algorithm uses iterations. Thus, every bit of the output depends on every bit of the input.
The term avalanche effect was first used by Horst Feistel (Feistel 1973). Later, the concept was identified by Shannon's property of confusion.
If a block cipher or cryptographic hash function does not satisfy the avalanche effect to a significant degree, then it has poor randomization. Thus, a cryptanalyst can make forecasts about the input, if given only the output. This may be sufficient to partially or completely break (crack) the algorithm.
It is one of the primary design objectives when people create a strong cipher or cryptographic hash function. They try to build a good avalanche effect in it. Mathematically this uses the butterfly effect. This is why most block ciphers are product ciphers. It is also why hash functions have large data blocks.
Name
The name comes from landslides. A small rock can fall down, go along with some snow and make a destructive landslide. The rock was small, but was able to cause a lot of destruction. This is the same as what this effect does. A small change in the input (the rock) should change the output (the landscape).
Strict avalanche criterion
The Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC; a "strong landslide criterion") is a property of boolean functions. It is of importance to cryptography. It is satisfied if all output bits change with a probability of 50 percent, if a single input bit is changed.
The SAC was built on the concepts of evolution completeness and avalanche. It was introduced by Webster and Tavares in 1985. Nowadays it is a requirement for every modern cryptographic system. It was e.g. satisfied by all finalists of the AES competition.
Bit independence criterion
The Bit independence criterion (BIC; a criterion independent from the bit) is a criterion. It goes: When a single input bit is changed (inverted), two output bits should change independently of each other. This applies to all bits.
It would e.g. not be satisfied, if the one output bit only changes, when the other output bit also changes. They might only change, because the input bit changed. Otherwise, the output bits would depend on each other.
Related pages
Confusion and diffusion
References
A. F. Webster and Stafford E. Tavares, "On the design of S-boxes", Advances in Cryptology - Crypto '85 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), vol. 219, pp. 523-534, 1985.
Practical example (32 bits), taken from the extensive justification of the hash function HSH 11/13
Horst Feistel, "Cryptography and Computer Privacy." Scientific American, Vol. 228, No. 5, 1973. (JPEG format scanned)
Cryptography
Montferrand-le-Château

Montferrand-le-Chateau is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Lincoln D. Faurer

Lieutenant General Lincoln D. Faurer (February 7, 1928 - November 7, 2014) was an American lieutenant general. He served as the director of the National Security Agency and chief of the Central Security Service from 1981 to 1985.
Faurer died on November 7, 2014 in McLean, Virginia, aged 86.
References
1928 births
2014 deaths
American generals
Directors of the National Security Agency
Military people from Massachusetts
People from Medford, Massachusetts
Vauxrezis

Vauxrezis is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Victor Shem-Tov

Victor Shem-Tov (, ; 1 February 1915 - 8 March 2014) was an Israeli politician. He was minister without portfolio from 1969 to 1970, minister of health from 27 July 1970 to 20 June 1977, and also minister of welfare and social services from 3 June 1974 to 29 October 1974.
Shem-Tov was born in Samokov, Bulgaria and mostly lived in the capital Sofia. In 1939, at the age of 24, he made aliyah. The same year he joined Hashomer Hatzair.
Shem-Tov died on 8 March 2014. He was 99 years old.
References
Other websites
Bio at Knesset Website
1915 births
2014 deaths
Bulgarian Jews
Members of the Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
Jewish Israeli politicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Castleton, Vermont

Castleton is a town in Rutland County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont