pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Östhammar

Osthammar is an urban area in the county of Uppsala in Sweden. It is the seat of Osthammar Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Uppsala County
Joan Seccombe, Baroness Seccombe

Joan Anna Dalziel Seccombe, Baroness Seccombe, DBE (born 3 May 1930, nee Owen) is a British Conservative Party politician. She was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 1984 Birthday Honours.
From 1997 to 2001 she was Opposition Whip. Since 2006 she is the Opposition Spokesperson for Constitutional and Legal Affairs/Justice.
References
Other websites
"The Papers of Enoch Powell"
Extract from Hansard
1930 births
Living people
Members of the House of Lords
Atlas (moon)

Atlas is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered by Richard Terrile from photos taken by Voyager 1 in 1980. It was named after the Atlas in Greek mythology. It orbits just outside Saturn's A ring.
Saturn's moons
Nateby, Cumbria

Nateby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 110 people living in Nateby.
References
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Villages in Cumbria
Eden
Vernonia, Oregon

Vernonia is a city in Columbia County, Oregon, United States.
Cities in Oregon
Bitter Sweet

Bitter Sweet is a 1940 American musical movie directed by W. S. Van Dyke and is the second adaption of the 1929 operetta of the same name by Noel Coward. It stars Jeanette MacDonald, Nelson Eddy, George Sanders, Felix Bressart, Diana Lewis, Fay Holden, Edward Ashley, Lynne Carver and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1941.
References
Other websites
1940 musical movies
American musical movies
Movies directed by W. S. Van Dyke
Transcaucasian spirlin

The Transcaucasian spirlin (scientific name: Alburnoides fasciatus) is a type of freshwater fish that lives in Turkey.
References
Freshwater fish
Animals of Turkey
Cypriniformes
Kevin Kampl

Kevin Kampl (born 9 October 1990 in Solingen) is a football player from Slovenia. He plays as a midfielder for RB Leipzig in the Bundesliga.
Club career
Before he was born, Kampl's parents moved from Maribor to Solingen, where he started his career with VfB Solingen. From 1997 he went on to Bayer 04 Leverkusen. In 2010 he signed his first contract. Because he did not play much he went on loan to SpVgg Greuther Furth. After he came back he was still part of the squad but still played seldomly. He went to VfL Osnabruck in the 3rd league. The next club was VfR Aalen, where he only played two months. Then he signed for FC Red Bull Salzburg. It is said that Salzburg payed EUR3 million for Kampl. Within a short time he became an important player. In his first season he scored four goals and gave 9 assists.
On January 1st he went on to Borussia Dortmund for EUR12 million. Then he went on to Bayer Leverkusen and 2017 to RB Leipzig for EUR 20 millions.
National team
He played 17 matches for the Under-21 team of Slovenia. His first match for the team was on October 12, 2012 versus Cyprus. 2018 he retired from the team. He played 28 matches and scored two goals.
References
1990 births
Living people
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
People from Solingen
Slovenian footballers
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
RB Leipzig players
Janice Kawaye

Janice Kawaye is a American voice actress. She voices Jenny in My Life as a Teenage Robot, Bonko in Codename: Kids Next Door and Matilda / Lovely Platformer in Kingdom Gamers.
Living people
American voice actors
Schwarzach, Vorarlberg

Schwarzach is a municipality in Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.
References
Settlements in Vorarlberg
Auburn, Kentucky

Auburn is a city of Kentucky in the United States. Auburn was originally called Federal Grove, during the 1860s they changed their name to honour Auburn, New York.
References
Cities in Kentucky
Villers-la-Ville

Villers-la-Ville is a municipality in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant. In 2007, 9704 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 34 North, 04deg 31 East.
References
Municipalities of Walloon Brabant
Ely Culbertson

Ely Culbertson (July 22, 1891 - December 27, 1955) was an American contract bridge player, entrepreneur and personality. He was the dominant figure in the game in the 1930s. He played and publicized the new game. He was a great showman, and was widely regarded as "the man who made contract bridge". He became rich, was highly extravagant, and lost and gained fortunes several times over.
Culbertson was a brilliant publicist; he played several famous challenge matches and won them all. Two were played in the U.S., against teams led by Sidney Lenz in 1931-32 (the so-called "Bridge Battle of the Century") and by P. Hal Sims in 1935, the latter between the married couples Culbertson and Sims.
Four team matches were played in London. These matches had big publicity in newspapers, on radio and on cinema newsreels. The hands became the subject of intense discussion on bidding methods.
Culbertson was finally beaten in Budapest, June 1937, in the final match of the first world championship teams tournament, by the 6-man Austria team led by Dr. Paul Stern. It was his last appearance in a tournament or match.
Culbertson founded and edited The Bridge World magazine, which is still published today, and wrote many newspaper articles and books on bridge. He owned the first firm of playing card manufacturers to develop plastic cards, Kem Cards, and developed and owned a chain of bridge schools with teachers qualified in the Culbertson bidding system. He continued to play high-stakes rubber bridge for many years, but gave up tournament and match competition in 1938 to write and work for world peace.
Anglo-American matches after World War II, of which there were a number, did not involve Culbertson.
References
Contract bridge
Writers from Vermont
Romanian writers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
1891 births
1955 deaths
Undercroft

An undercroft is traditionally a cellar or storage room, often brick-lined and vaulted, and used for storage in buildings since medieval times.
References
Rooms
Juliana of the Netherlands

Juliana (Juliana Luise Emma Marie Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau; 30 April 1909 - 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, from her mother's abdication in 1948, to her own in 1980. She died of pneumonia caused by dementia on 20 March 2004, aged 94.
Ancestry
Other websites
Queen Juliana (1909-2004) at the Dutch Royal House website
Netherlands Coronation (1948), newsreel on the British Pathe YouTube Channel
Kings and Queens of the Netherlands
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from dementia
1909 births
2004 deaths
It Is Not Evening Yet

It Is Not Evening Yet () is a 1974 Soviet drama movie directed by Nikolai Rozantsev. It stars Inna Makarova, Kirill Lavrov, and Rita Gladunko.
Actors
Inna Makarova as Inna Kovalyova
Kirill Lavrov as Andrey Pavlov
Rita Gladunko as Tamara Shevyakova
Galina Galchenko as Sveta Pavlova
Rimma Markova as Zinaida Voronina
Olga Markina as Aleksandra Zhigalkina
Lyubov Malinovskaya as Polya
Anna Tveleneva as Lyuba (as Anna Tvelenyova)
Larisa Burkova as Valya
Liliya Gurova as Klava Semykina
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1974 movies
Soviet drama movies
Toru Oniki

Toru Oniki (born 20 April 1974) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1993||rowspan="5"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1995||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|1996||11||0||2||0||3||1||16||1
|-
|1997||5||0||0||0||3||0||8||0
|-
|1998||Kawasaki Frontale||Football League||27||1||3||1||3||0||33||2
|-
|1999||Kashima Antlers||J. League 1||7||1||0||0||3||0||10||1
|-
|2000||rowspan="7"|Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 1||21||1||0||0||7||0||28||1
|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||40||0||5||0||3||0||48||0
|-
|2002||39||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||44||0
|-
|2003||13||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2004||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
187||3||17||1||23||1||227||5
187||3||17||1||23||1||227||5
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Chiba Prefecture
Alto Hospicio

Alto Hospicio is a city in Chile. It is in the province of Iquique, region of Tarapaca. It has 80,000 people. It was founded on April 12, 2004. Before that, it was part of Iquique.
Other websites
Municipality of Alto Hospicio
Cities in Chile
2004 establishments
21st-century establishments in Chile
Forcalqueiret

Forcalqueiret is a commune of 3,061 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
References
Communes in Var
Heteronym

A heteronym is a word, or rather several words, with different meanings. However, the words are spelt the same way. Usually they are pronounced differently.
Words
Banff, Alberta

Banff is a town within Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. It is located in Alberta's Rockies along the Trans-Canada Highway, approximately west of Calgary and east of Lake Louise. At above Banff is the community with the second highest elevation in Alberta, after Lake Louise.
Notable people
Karen Percy, double-bronze medal skier at the 1988 Winter Olympics
J. Jill Robinson, award-winning author of fiction and creative nonfiction
Kevin Smyth, former NHL player
Ryan Smyth, former NHL player
References
Other websites
Towns in Alberta
Ada Jafri

Ada Jafarey (22 August 1924 - 12 March 2015) was a Pakistani poet. She is thought to be as the first major Urdu poet who published as a woman. She had been called "The First Lady of Urdu Poetry". She had received awards including from the Government of Pakistan and literary societies of North America and Europe in recognition of her efforts.
Jafarey died in the evening of 12 March 2015 in a hospital in Karachi where she was being treated for a long-illness, at the age of 90.
References
Other websites
-- Download Ada Jafri's autobiography
1924 births
2015 deaths
Pakistani poets
Disease-related deaths in Pakistan
Soest, Netherlands

Soest is a municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht. In 2019, 46,194 people lived there.
Settlements in Utrecht (province)
Municipalities of Utrecht (province)
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (movie)

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is a 2008 British-American historical drama movie. It is based on the book of the same name by John Boyne. The movie is directed by Mark Herman and produced by David Heyman. It stars Asa Butterfield, Jack Scanlon, David Thewlis, Vera Farmiga, Amber Beattie, Richard Johnson and Rupert Friend.
The movie is about a boy whose father is a soldier during the World War II. They decided to move to a new house so that the father can work near the extermination camps. The son likes to explore and he comes to meet a Jewish boy who lives in the extermination camp. One day, he decides to go into the camp and accidentally enters a gas chamber and dies along with all prisoners.
References
2008 drama movies
2000s war movies
American drama movies
American war movies
British drama movies
British war movies
English-language movies
2000s historical movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Germany
Movies set in Hungary
Movies set in the 1940s
World War II movies
St. Vincent Island (Florida)

St. Vincent Island, Florida is one of a group of islands that is located in the Floridan Gulf Coast.
Other websites
St. Vincent Island at Green Nature
Forgotten Florida
Apalachee
Islands of Florida
The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy (video game)

The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy is a fighting video game made by High Voltage Software. It can be played on the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Game Boy Advance and Nintendo Wii. The game is based on the Cartoon Network show The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy.
Playable characters
Billy
Mandy
Grim
Irwin
Nergal
Fred Fredberger
Dracula
Boogey
Nergal Jr.
Jack O'Lantern
Eris
Hoss Delgado
Mogar
Lord Pain
General Skarr
2006 video games
Fighting games
Game Boy Advance games
The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy
Nintendo GameCube games
PlayStation 2 games
Wii games
Greenville, South Carolina

Greenville is a city in South Carolina, United States. Bob Jones University is in Greenville. Greenville is in the Blue Ridge region of the state and is the county seat of Greenville County. As of 2010, it had an urban population of 400,492.
References
Other websites
Greenville website
County seats in South Carolina
1831 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in South Carolina
Foreshadowing

Foreshadowing or guessing ahead is a literary device by which an author hints what is to come. It is used to avoid disappointment, and sometimes used to arouse readers.
Example
Foreshadowing is used in the works of John Steinbeck. In Of Mice and Men, Lennie accidentally kills a mouse, a puppy dog and finally Curley's Wife. This foreshadows his own death. When Carlson kills Candy's Dog, Candy told George, "I ought to of shot that dog myself" making George later chose to kill Lennie himself to save him from dying by the hands of a stranger. Doing it the way that Carlson did it was for the best because, "He won't even feel it."
References
Literary terms
Writing
Literature
Neoptera

Neoptera is a classification group that has almost all the winged insects, mostly those that can flex their wings over their abdomens. This is in contrast with the more basal orders of winged insects, which are not able to flex their wings in this way.
The Neoptera can be contrasted with the Palaeoptera, the 'ancient-winged' insects, which include the Odonata, the Ephemeroptera and extinct groups such as the Palaeodictyoptera.
Insects
L'Hôpital-du-Grosbois

L'Hopital-du-Grosbois is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Koch language

The Koch languages are a small family of Sino-tibetan languages. There are spoken in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and Tibet. About 35.000 people speak Koch, about 30.000 speak Rabha.
Languages of Bangladesh
Languages of India
Sino-Tibetan languages
Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament

2004 Football at the Summer Olympics was held in Greece from 11 to 26 August.
Results
Group stage
Group E
Group F
Group G
Knockout stage
Other websites
RSSSF
2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic football tournaments
2004 in association football
Himesh Reshammiya

Himesh Reshammiya is an Indian singer and Bollywood film composer. His first movie as an actor was in Aap Kaa Surroor which was released in 2007. Himesh started his career as a music director in the film Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya in 1998.
Early life
Before completely starting his career as a film composer, he was a television producer where he used to produce popular Daily Soaps, such as: Andaz, Ahha, Aman, Aashiqui, Amar Prem and Jaan for Zee TV.
Filmography
As an Actor
As Producer
Reshammiya, along with his father Vipin Reshammiya, has produced and distributed movies under the banner HR Musik Limited.
As Story Writer
References
Indian singers
Indian composers
Olonne-sur-Mer

Olonne-sur-Mer is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it became a part of the commune of Les Sables-d'Olonne.
References
Former communes in Vendee
Viels-Maisons

Viels-Maisons is a commune. It is in Picardie in the Aisne department in north France.
Communes in Aisne
Compiègne

Compiegne is a commune in the Oise department, in Picardy. It is also one of its sub-prefectures. The history of the city goes back to Roman times. In those times, there was a river crossing of the Oise River. The river was called Isara at the time. On the outskirts of the modern city, roman houses (villae) were found. Today, about 40.000 people live in the city and about 97.000 in its urban area.
Communes in Oise
Subprefectures in France
Mount Ayr, Iowa

Mount Ayr is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
County seats in Iowa
2020 Twitter bitcoin scam

The 2020 Twitter bitcoin scam was a large-scale hacking of Twitter accounts that started on July 15, 2020 at around 20:00 UTC. Many Twitter accounts, each with millions of followers, were hacked to promote a bitcoin scam.
Incident
The scam asked individuals to send bitcoin currency to a specific cryptocurrency wallet, with the promise that money sent would be doubled and returned.
The perpetrators had gained access to Twitter's administrative tools so that they could alter the accounts themselves and post the tweets directly, with the access gained either possibly through paying off Twitter employees to use the tool, or hacked an employee's account to access the tool directly.
The hacked accounts were those of: Barack Obama, Joe Biden, Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos, MrBeast, Michael Bloomberg, Warren Buffett, Floyd Mayweather Jr., Kim Kardashian, and Kanye West, as well as companies like Apple, Uber, and Cash App.
References
2020 crimes
July 2020 events
Cryptocurrency
Biedermeier

Biedermeier was a time in the arts, which occurred between 1815 and 1848. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna ended the Napoleonic Wars. In 1848, there were revolutions in many European Countries. Between 1815 and 1848, the middle class grew. During that time, the forces that had been active before the French Revolution rose to power again. Politically, the times were very hard, and there was a lot of repression. For this reason, most of the arts focused on apolitical life at home.
In painting, Biedermeier focused on landscapes, portraits, and perhaps still lifes, or genre paintings. There are almost no religious or historical paintings. Many painters wanted to copy or to resemble 17th century Dutch painters. Many paintings were realist, almost like a modern-day photograph. Interior portraits were typical for Biedermeier: there the idea was to show a fully furnished room, in all its details.
In music, there's no epoch called Biedermeier: the only thing that is perhaps worth mentioning that playing music at home, in the family became important, this is known as house concert.
In theatre, the main focus was entertainment, not like the Age of Enlightenment. Also in addition to the national theatres, a number of smaller theatres started to exist.
Art movements
LGBT rights in Bangladesh

LGBT human rights are not respected in the People's Republic of Bangladesh, and there appears to be no organized movement to advance such human rights. And such acts of homosexuality will lead to life in prison, or even face the death penalty.
Constitutional & Criminal Code
The Constitution has several provisions that could apply to LGBT citizens;
Part II Article 19 - Promises equal opportunity for all citizens.
Part III Article 27- Promises equality before the law for all citizens.
Freedom of religion and the press are both promised, but subject to restrictions based on "decency or morality".
A citizen is not eligible to be a member of Parliament if they are convicted of a "criminal offence involving moral turpitude."
According to Section 377 A of the British Indian penal code of BPC, adult homosexual sex acts are illegal and will be punished with deportation, fines and/or up to 10 years, sometimes life imprisonment. This legal prohibition extends to any sort of LGBT-human rights organization.
BPC Section - 377A. Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Explanation : " Penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse necessary to the offence described in this section.
Social status
Hijras are discriminated against a lot. Many hijras do sex work because people will not give them jobs. Since On the 11th of November in 2013, hijras in Bangladesh have been allowed to choose 'hijra' as a gender on their passports. Before this they had to choose 'male' or 'female'. Hijras have their own language called Hijra Farsi. It is also known as Koti. In 2000, Shabnam Mausi was the first hijra to be elected into Indian parliament.
Public opinion
According to a 2017 poll carried out by ILGA, a plurality of 47% of Bangladeshis agreed that gay, lesbian and bisexual people should enjoy the same rights as straight people, while 38% disagreed. Additionally, 50% agreed that they should be protected from workplace discrimination. 49% of Bangladeshis, however, said that people who are in same-sex relationships should be charged as criminals, while 38% disagreed. As for transgender people, 44% agreed that they should have the same rights, 50% believed they should be protected from employment discrimination and 40% believed they should be allowed to change their legal gender.
Additionally, according to that same poll, a third of Bangladeshis would try to "change" a neighbour's sexual orientation if they discovered he/she was gay.
Summary table
Related
Boys of Bangladesh
References
Politics of Bangladesh
Bangladesh
John Pandeni

John Alphons Pandeni (30 July 1950 - 14 March 2008) was a Namibian politician and trade unionist. He was a member of SWAPO and Minister of Regional and Local Government, Housing and Rural Development until his death in 2008.
Early Life
Pandeni was born in the village of Omundjalala in the Omusati Region of northern Namibia. After receiving military training in Tanzania and Angola, Pandeni was arrested in 1978 for anti-apartheid activities with People's Liberation Army of Namibia guerrilla movement. After his arrest, Pandeni was imprisoned on Robben Island until 1985. After his release, Pandeni became the founding Secretary of the Namibia Food and Allied Workers Union until 1992. In that year he entered politics, serving as Regional Councillor for Soweto constituency in Katutura, Windhoek. A year later he became the Khomas Regional Governor until 2005. He later entered President Hifikepunye Pohamba's first cabinet.
Legacy
Pandeni is buried alongside other former liberation leaders at Heroes' Acre, outside of Windhoek.
References
1950 births
2008 deaths
SWAPO politicians
Trade unionists
Virtual Console

Virtual Console (VC) is a service on Wii, Nintendo 3DS, and Wii U that lets users download older video games for Wii Points or real money. The games are from the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super NES, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Nintendo 64, Sega Master System, Sega Mega Drive, TurboGrafx-16, TurboGrafx-CD, Neo Geo AES, Commodore 64, and MSX (Japan only). The service is available in Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and South Korea.
Other websites
Official Virtual Console site
Wii
Nintendo 3DS
2004 establishments
Caliban (band)

Caliban is a metal band from Hattingen, Germany. They started in 1997. They play metalcore which is mixture of Hardcore and Heavy metal. The members are: Andreas Dorner (vocals), Denis Schmidt (guitar, vocals), Marc Gortz (guitar), Marco Schaller (bass, vocals) and Patrick Grun (drums).
Discography
Demo Tape (1997)
Caliban (EP) (1998)
A Small Boy and a Grey Heaven (1999)
The Split Program with Heaven Shall Burn (2000)
Vent (2001)
Shadow Hearts (2003)
The Opposite from Within (2004)
The Split Program II with Heaven Shall Burn (2005)
The Undying Darkness (2006)
The Awakening (2007)
Say Hello To Tragedy'' (2009)
Other websites
Official site
Caliban at MySpace
Caliban at Roadrunner Records
Caliban at Century Media Records
German heavy metal bands
Metalcore bands
Roadrunner Records
1997 establishments in Germany
Pujols, Gironde

Pujols, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Shimbashi Station

Shimbashi Station (Xin Qiao Yi ,shinbashieki) is a railway station of JR East, Tokyo Metro, Toei Subway, and Yurikamome in Tokyo.
Neighbors
JR East
Keihin-Tohoku Line
Rapid
pass
Local
Yurakucho - Shimbashi - Hamamatsucho
Yamanote Line
Yurakucho - Shimbashi - Hamamatsucho
Tokaido Line
Tokyo - Shimbashi - Shinagawa
Yokosuka Line
Tokyo - Shimbashi - Shinagawa
Tokyo Metro
Ginza Line
Toranomon (G 07) - Shimbashi (G 08) - Ginza (G 09)
Toei Subway
Toei Asakusa Line
Airport Expless
Daimon (A 09) - Shimbashi (A 10) - Nihombashi (A 13)
Local
Daimon (A 09) - Shimbashi (A 10) - Higashi-Ginza (A 11)
Yurikamome
Yurikamome Line
Shimbashi (U 01) - Shiodome (U 02)
Other websites
Railway stations in Tokyo
1909 establishments in Asia
1900s establishments in Japan
Bourgeoisie

Bourgeoisie means a social class of people who own the means of production, making them in the upper or merchant class. Hence, all employers are bourgeoisie. Their status or power comes from employment, education, assets, or wealth and not from aristocratic (political) origin, as a lowly cafe or factory owner is bourgeoisie.
The term is widely used in many non-English speaking countries as an approximate equivalent of middle class.
As the bourgeoisie are not its opposing counterpart proletariat, they don't have to be a labourer doing menial work for money. And if they do any work that gets them money, then it's only because of the many proletariat people beneath them, who generated their wealth through their labour, of which the higher up bourgeoisie person took a cut (commission).
History
Bourgeoisie is a French word that was borrowed directly into English in the sense that is explained above.
The French word bourgeois comes from the Old French word burgeis, meaning "an inhabitant of a town". (cf. Middle English burgeis, Middle Dutch burgher and German Burger). The Old French word burgeis comes from bourg, meaning a market town or medieval village, itself derived from Late Latin burgus, meaning "fortress"
Related pages
French Revolution
Elite
Aristocracy
Anarchism
Capitalism
Leninism
Marxism
Notes
References
Hal Draper, Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution, Vol. 2: The Politics of Social Classes. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1979.
Ralph Miliband, Class and class power in contemporary capitalism, in: Stanislaw Kozyr-Kowalski and Jacek Tittenbrun, On Social Differentiation. A Contribution to the Critique of Marxist Ideology, Part 2. Poznan: Adam Mickiewicz University Press, 1992, pp. 7-62.
Ernest Mandel, Social differentiation in capitalist and postcapitalist societies, in: Stanislaw Kozyr-Kowalski and Jacek Tittenbrun, On Social Differentiation. A Contribution to the Critique of Marxist Ideology, Part 2. Poznan: Adam Mickiewicz University Press, 1992, pp. 63-91.
Erik Olin Wright et al., The Debate on Classes. London: Verso, 1989.
Anthony Giddens, The Class Structure of the Advanced societies, 1981.
Other websites
The Democratic State - A Critique of Bourgeois Sovereignty
Social classes
Alexander Zhdanov

Alexander Zhdanov (; 25 January 1951 - 21 February 2021) was a Russian actor. He was a Merited Artist of the Russian Federation in 1995. He was known for his roles in The Wind of Travel, Pugachev and Russian Symphony.
Zhdanov died on 21 February 2021 in Saint Petersburg, Russia at the age of 70.
References
1951 births
2021 deaths
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Russian stage actors
Sei whale

The sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) is a dark-gray, stream-lined baleen whale that is found worldwide except in polar waters. It swims in small pods of 3-5 whales but larger groups may form at rich feeding grounds. It has very fine grey-black baleen that traps very small particles of food. It is a rorqual whale (a large baleen whale) that is similar to the Bryde's whales.
Description
The Sei whale is also called the Sardine whale, the Pollack whale, the Coalfish whale, the Japan Finner, and Rudolphi's rorqual. Large numbers of these whales were hunted until recently for their oil and meat. It is the fastest of the great whales and can swim at about 23 mph (20 knots) in short bursts.
Diet
Sei whales are carnivores that filter-feed plankton (tiny crustaceans like krill, copepods, etc.) and small fish from the water.
References
Baleen whales
U.S. Route 97

U.S. Route 97 (US 97) is a United States highway in the Pacific Northwest area of the United States. The highway goes north and south through the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. The highway is long.
There was once a plan for US 97 to go north to Alaska. In the 1960s, the Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities asked British Columbia and Yukon, both in Canada, to renumber their highways "97" to match the US numbering. British Columbia did renumber (British Columbia Highway 97), but Yukon did not.
References
U.S. Highways
Miryang gang rape

The Milyang Group Gang Rape was a sex crime that happened between January and November 2004 in South Korea. It happened it the city Miryang in South Gyeongsang province. A large group of at least 41 high-school boys kidnapped and gang-raped five middle- and high-school girls. a victims middle school and high school girl and lived in Ulsan, Changwon, park's Sisters and their cousin Lady Rho and other high school girls in Changwon. ather criminal check for an additional 70 male high school students, they lived in Milyang, Changwon. but the rapists were not punished, minors with a reason.
referens
Other websites
Outrage sparked by serial rape case
justice for miryang victims
Serial gang rapes in Miryang
Middle School Prostitution in Korea: A Survey of Students (Translation)
Too Cruel for School
<wageulwageul netsesang>milyang jibdanseongpoghaeng onghonyeo nonran
2004 crimes
Rape
South Korean criminals
Doug Walker (comedian)

Doug Walker (comedian) is an American comedian and YouTuber known for being the creator of The Nostalgia Critic. Walker also has videos where he reviews movies and television as himself.
American comedians
Living people
NPY Women's Council

The Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council (NPY Women's Council, or NPYWC) is a community-based organisation that serves women of the Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara communities in remote central Australia. It was formed in 1980, with its headquarters in Alice Springs. It provides a range of community, family, research and advocacy services, and represents the interests of women and their communities.
History
The idea for a women's organisation came during the late 1970s, when the Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara communities of northwestern South Australia were struggling for the rights to their land. During meetings about land rights, the women felt that their needs were not being met, so they decided to establish their own organisation. A women's meeting was held at Amata in 1980. It was chaired by Pitjantjatjara elder Nganyinytja, who had been a leader among women throughout the land-rights struggle. The formation of the NPY Women's Council is said to have been partly inspired by a speech Nganyinytja made at demonstration in Adelaide later in the year.
The first meeting of the Women's Council was held in December 1980, in Kanpi. It was organised by Mantatjara Wilson and Diana James, and attended by about 40 women. Tjunmutja Myra Watson was chosen to be the organisation's first chairperson, and Diana James was chosen as the secretary.
Region
The NPY Women Council's covers about 350,000 square kilometres of the remote area where the borders of Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory meet. The region has a total population of about 6000. The council serves women belonging to the three indigenous groups in this region: the Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara, who are closely related to one another. The area covered includes:
Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia
Ngaanyatjarra Lands (including the Shire of Ngaanyatjarraku and Kiwirrkura) in Western Australia
Imanpa, Mutitjulu, Kaltukatjara, Aputula and most of the Petermann Lands in the Northern Territory.
Recognition
The NPY Women's Council has achieved recognition for its work. Awards include:
Indigenous Governance Award (2012);
Deadly Awards were awarded to the Tjanpi Desert Weavers in 2012, and to the NPYWC Child Nutrition Program in 2011;
International Sigmund Freud Prize (2011), awarded to the (traditional healer) program;
National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award (2005), awarded to the Tjanpi Desert Weavers.
References
Other websites
Official website
Indigenous Australian politics
Organisations based in Australia
1980 establishments in Australia
Phineas Flynn

Phineas Flynn is a fictional character appearing in the animated television series Phineas and Ferb. Along with his stepbrother Ferb Fletcher, Phineas is the main protagonist. Phineas is known for the catchphrase "Ferb, I know what we're gonna do today".
Television characters
Weed

A weed is a plant that people think is bad, because it is growing in the wrong place. Only smaller plants are often called weeds.
A person may grow a plant because it has beautiful flowers, but other people may think that this plant is a weed for some reason. This may be for one of these reasons:
It has pollen that makes them sneeze,
It spreads seeds that will grow quickly,
The roots go too far under the ground and can cause damage to houses or pipes,
The roots spread quickly,
The plant has poisonous berries,
The plant has liquid (sap) in it that can hurt a person's skin,
If someone is farming a plant and it then moves outside the farm, the plant may then be called a weed.
Some plants are very hard to stop once they start growing. These are called invasive weeds.
Weed is also a name for any wild plant, one that people do not use for anything.
References
Types of plants
Bümpliz

Bumpliz is a quarter of the city of Bern in Switzerland.
List of famous People who grew up in Bumpliz:
Dennis Luthi
Until 1919 it was a municipality of its own. It was then incorporated into Bern.
Villages in Bern
Former municipalities of Bern
Bern
Melvin Van Peebles

Melvin Van Peebles (August 21, 1932 - September 22, 2021) was an American movie maker, actor, novelist and composer. He was the father of actor Mario Van Peebles.
Melvin Van Peebles created and acted in the blaxploitation movie Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song in 1971. He also acted in many other movies from the 1970s to the 2010s. His first Hollywood movie was Watermelon Man in 1970.
Van Peebles was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died on September 22, 2021 in New York City, aged 89.
References
Writers from Chicago
American stage actors
American movie actors
African American movie directors
Actors from Chicago
1932 births
2021 deaths
Movie directors from Chicago
2021 Semeru eruption

An eruption of Mount Semeru, a volcano in the East Java province of the Indonesian island of Java, began on 4 December 2021.
The eruption began after heavy rain caused the collapse of the lava dome at the summit.
Pyroclastic flows and lahars damaged at least 5,205 homes and several public buildings. At least 46 people were killed, 104 more are injured, while 9 are missing.
References
2021 disasters in Indonesia
December 2021 events
2020s in Java
Nigel Short

Nigel David Short MBE (born 1 June 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire) is often regarded as the strongest English chess player of the 20th century. He became a Grandmaster at age 19. He challenged for the World Chess Championship against Garry Kasparov at London 1993. Still active, Short continues to enjoy international success. He is also a chess columnist, coach and commentator.
Short's best achievement was in the World Candidates matches of 1992, when he beat world-class players Boris Gelfand, Anatoly Karpov and Jan Timman to reach the final. In the World Championship match, London 1993, he was decisively beaten by the reigning World Champion, Gary Kasparov. The match caused controversy because the two players broke away from FIDE, for reasons mostly to do with the prize money.
Short has played 21 times for England in Chess Olympiads, and European and World Team championships. He has been living in Greece with his wife and children for a number of years.
References
1965 births
Living people
British chess players
Chess grandmasters
Joey Ramone

Joey Ramone (born Jeffery Hyman, May 19, 1951 - April 15, 2001) was an American punk musician and founder member of the Ramones, in which he was lead singer, along with Dee Dee Ramone, Tommy Ramone, and Johnny Ramone.
Early life
Joey Ramone's mother encouraged both his and his brothers' interests in music. He was a fan of The Beatles, The Who, Iggy and The Stooges and David Bowie, among other bands. He was also a fan of Phil Spector produced records as well. He took up the drums at 13 and played throughout his teen years. He idolized Pete Townshend of the Who.
Death
Joey Ramone died at the age of 49 on April 15, 2001 of lymphoma.
1951 births
2001 deaths
American drummers
American punk musicians
American rock guitarists
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Deaths from lymphoma
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
Midland, Kansas

Midland is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. It is two miles north of Lawrence.
Geography
Climate
Midland has hot, humid summers and cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Midland has a humid subtropical climate.
Gallery
References
Unincorporated communities in Douglas County, Kansas
Lei, Sardinia

Lei (Lei) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2018, 499 people lived there. Its area is 19.11 km2. It is 456 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Temple, Maine

Temple is a town in Franklin County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Canton, Texas

Canton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Van Zandt County.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Sainte-Marguerite-des-Loges

Sainte-Marguerite-des-Loges is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Sergei Parajanov

Sergei Parajanov ( Sargis Hovsepi Parajanyan; Sergej Iosifovich Paradzhanov; also spelled Paradzhanov or Paradjanov), (January 9, 1924 - July 20 1990), is considered by many to be one of the most original and critically acclaimed filmmakers of the 20th century. His work reflected the ethnic diversity of the Caucasus where he was raised.
Early life
He was born to Armenian parents Iosif Paradjanyan and Siranush Bejanyan, in Tbilisi, Georgia. In 1945, Parajanov traveled to Moscow, enrolled in the directing department at VGIK, one of the oldest and highly respected film schools of Europe, and studied under the tutelage of directors Igor Savchenko and Aleksandr Dovzhenko.
Personal life
In 1950 Parajanov married his first wife, Nigyar Kerimova in Moscow. She came from a Muslim Tatar family and converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity to marry Parajanov, to terrible consequences: she was later murdered by her relatives in retaliation for her conversion. As a result of this tragic event Parajanov moved to Kyiv. There he produced several documentaries (Dumka, Golden Hands,
Natalia Uzhvy) and a handful of narrative films based on Ukrainian and Moldovan folktales, such as Andriesh, Ukrainian Rhapsody, and Flower on the Stone. He became fluent in Ukrainian, remarried (Svetlana Ivanovna Sherbatiuk in 1956) and had a son (Suren, 1958).
Filmography
1967: Sayat Nova
1984: SURAMI BERD
1986: ASHUGH GHARIB
1924 births
1990 deaths
Movie directors from Georgia (country)
Armenian movie directors
Tonian

The Tonian was the first geological period in the Neoproterozoic era. It lasted from 1000 million years ago (mya) to 720 mya. The supercontinent Rodinia began breaking in this period. Acritarchs radiated during the Tonian.
References
Neoproterozoic
George Weah

George Tawlon Manneh Oppong Ousman Weah (born 1 October 1966) is a Liberian politician and retired footballer. He is the 25th and current President of Liberia upon winning the 2017 general election in December 2017. He has played for Liberia national team.
In 1989, 1994 and 1995, he was named the African Footballer of the Year, and in 1996, he was named African Player of the Century.
After his football career with his high popularity, he ran unsuccessfully for president in the 2005 election, losing to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in the second round of voting. In the 2011 election, he ran for vice president on Winston Tubman's ticket. Running as a Congress for Democratic Change candidate, Weah was elected to the Senate in 2014.
Weah won the presidency while a candidate for President of Liberia in the 2017 general election against Vice President Joseph Boakai.
Career statistics
Club
Europe
Source:
International goals
Scores and results list Liberia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Liberia goal.
Honors
Club
Mighty Barrolle
Liberian Premier League: 1985-86
Liberian Cup: 1985-86
Invincible Eleven
Liberian Premier League: 1986-87
Monaco
Coupe de France: 1991
Paris Saint-Germain
Ligue 1: 1993-94
Coupe de France: 1992-93, 1994-95
Coupe de la Ligue: 1995
A.C. Milan
Serie A: 1995-96, 1998-99
Chelsea
FA Cup: 1999-2000
International
Liberia
CSSA Nations Cup runner-up: 1987
Individual
African Footballer of the Year: 1989, 1994, 1995
FIFA XI: 1991, 1996 (Reserve), 1997, 1998
French Division 1 Foreign Player of the Year: 1990-91
UEFA Champions League Top Scorer: 1994-95
BBC African Footballer of the Year: 1995
Onze d'Or: 1995
Ballon d'Or: 1995
FIFA World Player of the Year: 1995
ESM Team of the Year: 1995-96
Onze d'Argent: 1996
FIFA Fair Play Award: 1996
FIFA World Player of the Year - Silver award: 1996
IFFHS African Player of the Century: 1996
World Soccer's 100 Greatest Footballers of All Time: 1999
FIFA 100: 2004
Arthur Ashe Courage Award 2004
Golden Foot Legends Award: 2005
A.C. Milan Hall of Fame
IFFHS Legends
Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Cuttington University: 29 June 2018.
References
Other Websites
Player profile and statistics - www.liberiansoccer.com
Criticism of Weah's campaign for presidency
Biography on UNICEF's homepage
Italian Profile
1966 births
Living people
Liberian footballers
Monrovia
Presidents of Liberia
Current national leaders
Ballon d'Or winners
FIFA World Player of the Year winners
President of Suriname

The President of the Republic of Suriname () is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state and head of government of Suriname, and commander-in-chief of the Suriname National Army (SNL).
List of presidents
References
Presidents of Suriname
Arsenous acid

Arsenous acid, also known as arsenious acid, is a chemical compound. It is also an acid. Its chemical formula is As(OH)3. It has arsenic and hydroxide ions in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.
Properties
Arsenous acid is a colorless solution. It is a weak acid. It reacts with bases to make arsenite salts. It is highly toxic. It cannot be made in a crystalline form because it turns into arsenic trioxide and water again. It is similar to phosphorous acid, although it is not a strong reducing agent.
Preparation
It is made by dissolving arsenic trioxide or arsenic trichloride in water.
Related pages
Arsenic acid
Arsenic tribromide
Arsenic trisulfide
Nitrous acid
Acids
Arsenic compounds
Linda Christian

Linda Christian (November 13, 1923 - July 22, 2011) was a Mexican actress. She appeared in Mexican and Hollywood movies. She worked mostly in the 1940s and 1950s. She was the first Bond girl, appearing in the 1954 movie Casino Royale.
Christian was born Blanca Rose Welter in Tampico, Mexico. She died in Palm Desert, California at age eighty-seven.
1923 births
2011 deaths
Actresses who played Bond girls
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Klootschieten

Klootschieten ("Ball shooting" in English) is a sport played in the Netherlands and Frisia, Lower Saxony, Germany. In the game, players try to throw a ball (called a kloot) as far as they can. One version is played on frozen fields during the winter. A heavier ball is used when played on streets. A third version is played while standing still. The game is often played by teams of from three to five players. Two teams play at a time. Each team acts as the other's jury.
References
Other websites
Klootschieten in Ootmarsum; YouTube
Sport in Europe
Ingrid van der Benden

Ingrid van der Benden (born 1951) is a former Dutch Paralympic swimmer. . She won three gold medals and one silver medal at the 1968 Summer Paralympics . She won four gold medals at the 1972 Summer Paralympics in Heidelberg.
Biography
When Van de Bende was two, she moved with her partner from Indonesia to the Netherlands. Shortly before she arrived in the Netherlands, she had polio. For her rehabilitation she started swimming when she was four. At the time, she walked with suspenders and high shoes. During the swimming competitions of the 60th anniversary of the "Amsterdamse Specialisten Vereniging" in 1966 she swam very fast. Her performance was noticed and so she was able to compete the same year and the following year at the Stoke Mandeville Games, the annual competitions for athletes with disabilities in Great Britain. In both years she won three times.
She trained every Thursday night at the ZAR. She wanted to do some more sport, but since she didn't have time next to school and swimming, she focused on swimming. She was a member of the ISA swimming club in Amsterdam. She was selected to compete in the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv, in Israel. She has won two individual gold medals, a silver medal and a gold medal in the 3x 50m relay. After the Paralympics she was awarded in her school. It was a festive event, including a speech from the mayor. She received several gifts, including a swimming diploma:
At the 1969 Dutch National Championships she swam four world records. At the 1972 Dutch National Championships she swam two world records.
At the 1972 Summer Paralympics in Heidelberg she won three individual gold medals and another gold medal as part of the 4x 100m relay.
References
Other websites
De Nederlandse deelnemers aan de Olympische Spelen voor gehandicapten zijn vanavond op Schiphol teruggekeerd. Op de foto drie succesvolle deelnemers, v.I n.r. INGRID VAN DER BENDEN, PIET MAKKES en ARJA NOORDE
Dutch Paralympic gold medalists
1951 births
Living people
Samira Khalil

Samira Khalil () is an activist from the Homs region of Syria. She was in prison for four years, from 1987 to 1991, because she opposed the Bashar al-Assad government in Syria. She disappeared in the city of Douma on December 9, 2013, with activists Razan Zeitouneh, Wael Hamada, and Nazem Hammadi. They are called the "Douma 4".
Work
After prison, Khalil operated a publishing house. Then she worked with families of detainees. She wrote about detention in Syria. Before her kidnapping, she worked to help women in Douma to start small projects to make money. She stayed in Douma to start two centers for women.
Film
Khalil and her husband Yassin al-Haj Saleh were in a documentary film called Baladna Alraheeb (Our Terrible Country). The film was about the period in their lives before Khalil's kidnapping in 2013.
Awards
Khalil received the Petra Kelly Prize from the Heinrich Boll Foundation in 2014. This was for her work at the Center for Documentation of Violations in Syria.
References
Other websites
#Douma4 hashtag on Twitter
Missing people
Syrian activists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wii Fit

Wii Fit is an exercise video game made by Nintendo for the Wii video game console.
Two sequels were released for the game. Wii Fit Plus was released for the Wii in 2009. Wii Fit U was released for the Wii U in 2014.
Gameplay
The game requires players to use an object called the Wii Balance Board to play. There are many different exercises and games. These are split into four categories - yoga, strength training, aerobics, and balance games.
The Yoga and Strength Training modes have a character called the Wii Fit Trainer. This character guides the players through the exercises. The player can choose between a male or a female trainer.
They were later added to Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, as a fighter in those games.
Development
The game was released in Japan on December 1, 2007.
References
Wii-only games
2007 video games
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games