pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
List of medical abbreviations

Medical abbreviations are a shorthand way of writing and talking by medical professionals (people who work to help sick people) to hurry explanation of diseases (sickness), patients, or medicines (drugs).
This shorthand can include shortening (making less lengthy) of longer disease names, by cutting the word down to its base (the Latin or Greek part that makes it). Medical professionals also create (make) words that mean something. An example of this is "stat", used to indicate (show) that something needs to be hurried (done faster). It is from the Latin "base word" statim, meaning quick. A very commonly (often) used shorthand is shortening things on order forms for patients. An example is, "pre-op" meaning |pre-operation| (patient who is being prepared for surgery). These can be very complicated and extensive (meaning there is a lot of them).
Despite the fact that this shorthand might make it difficult for new Interns (new doctors) or recently trained nurses to get used to this unofficial language, it has been shown to improve (make better) the speed of treatment in hospitals.
Medical authorities in the United Kingdom and elsewhere have questioned the use of medical shorthand; believing that it can lead to mistakes being made due to less clear communication and have advised doctors to avoid its use.
Medications
How to take medications
Medications can be given in different ways (routes). Abbreviations for the most common routes are:
When to take medications
Doctors use many different abbreviations to say when to take a medication. It is helpful to remember that doctors use the letter "q" to stand for "every. For example, "qAM" stands for "every AM" (morning).
Here are some of the most common:
Drugs & medications
Some drugs and medications have common abbreviations. Here are some examples:
About the body
Common abbreviations that have to do with the human body include:
Medical specialties
There are many different kinds of medical specialties. These are kinds of doctors that treat people with certain kinds of problems. Abbreviations for medical specialties include:
Health problems
Many health problems have common abbreviations. For example:
Infections
Common abbreviations for infections include:
Mental health problems
Common abbreviations for mental health problems include:
Tests & treatments
Doctors often talk about common medical tests and treatments by using abbreviations. Examples of these abbreviations include:
Other abbreviations
Other abbreviations used in medicine include:
References
Medicine
Science-related lists
Glossaries
Linstead

Linstead is a town in Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica.
It had about 14,000 people in 1991.
Towns in Jamaica
Nuffield College, Oxford

Nuffield College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1937. It is a graduate college only. It does not have any undergraduate students.
Colleges of the University of Oxford
1937 establishments in England
Xavier Suárez

Xavier Louis Suarez (born May 21, 1949) is an American politician. He was the first Cuban-born Mayor of Miami. He is currently a Miami-Dade county commissioner. Suarez was first elected Mayor in 1985. He was re-elected in 1987 and again in 1989 for a four-year term. Suarez was highly popular as Mayor of Miami.
He became known in the 1990s for refusing to accept Nelson Mandela in Miami due to Mandela's support of Fidel Castro.
His son, Francis X. Suarez is Mayor of the City of Miami.
References
1948 births
Living people
Mayors of Miami
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Cynthia Spencer, Countess Spencer

Cynthia Ellinor Beatrix Spencer, Countess Spencer (nee Hamilton; 16 August 1897 - 4 December 1972) was a British peeress and the paternal grandmother of Diana, Princess of Wales.
1897 births
1972 deaths
People from London
Earls and countesses
English nobility
One Magic Christmas

One Magic Christmas is a 1985 Christmas movie released by Walt Disney Pictures, starring Harry Dean Stanton and Mary Steenburgen. The other cast is Gany Basaraba, Elisabeth Harnois, Arthur Hill, Wayne Robson, Elias Koteas, Michelle Meyrink, Sarah Polley.
The genre of this movie is family, drama, fantasy movie. The director is Phillip Borsos.
1985 movies
1980s family movies
Disney movies
Christmas movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Phillip Borsos
Accountancy (constituency)

The Accountancy is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1988. The constituency is composed of certified public accountants.
References
Functional constituencies of Hong Kong
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor

Saint Henry II (972 - 13 July 1024), called the Holy or the Saint, was the fifth and last Holy Roman Emperor of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty.
972 births
1024 deaths
Holy Roman Emperors
Christian saints
Ottonian dynasty
German Roman Catholics
11th century in Germany
Deimos

Deimos (; - "dread" or "terror") is the god of terror in Greek mythology. He is one of the sons of Ares and Aphrodite. He is the twin brother of Phobos, god of fear. He and his brother would often go with their father as he rode into battle in his chariot. Deimos, the smaller of Mars' two moons, is named after him.
Greek gods and goddesses
Lachapelle-sous-Chaux

Lachapelle-sous-Chaux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Territoire de Belfort
Glasgow, West Virginia

Glasgow is a town of West Virginia in the United States.
Towns in West Virginia
Ray McKinley

Ray McKinley (June 18, 1910 - May 7, 1995) was an American jazz drummer, singer, and bandleader.
Early career
McKinley started working with local bands in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, before joining Smith Ballew in 1929, when he met Glenn Miller. The two formed a friendship that lasted from 1929 until Miller's death in 1944. McKinley and Miller joined the Dorsey Brothers in 1934. Miller left for Ray Noble in December 1934, while McKinley remained.
After Dorsey brothers
The Dorsey brothers split in 1935. McKinley remained with Jimmy Dorsey until 1939, when he joined Will Bradley, becoming co-leader. McKinley's biggest hit with Bradley, as a singer, was "Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar", which he recorded early in the year 1940 (and for which he got partial songwriting credit under his wife's maiden name Eleanore Sheehy). McKinley is referred to as "Eight Beat Mack" in the lyrics to the song "Down the Road a Piece," which he recorded as a trio with Will Bradley and Freddie Slack in 1940. This was the earliest recording of the song, which was written specifically for Bradley's band by Don Raye.
McKinley and Bradley split in 1942 and McKinley formed his own band, which recorded for Capitol Records. The McKinley band was short-lived. When McKinley broke up the band, he joined Glenn Miller's Army Air Force band, which he co-led with arranger Jerry Gray after Miller's disappearance in December 1944. Upon being discharged at the end of the following year, McKinley formed an excellent, remarkably modern big band that featured a book of original material by legendary arranger Eddie Sauter (along with a helping of novelty vocals by the leader). Sam Butera, later of the back-up band for Louis Prima was also a member.
But with the business in decline, by 1950 that band was history and McKinley began evolving into a part-time leader and sometime radio and TV personality.
McKinley and Bradley split in 1942 and McKinley formed his own band, which recorded for Capitol Records. The McKinley band was short-lived. When McKinley broke up the band, he joined Glenn Miller's Army Air Force band, which he co-led with arranger Jerry Gray after Miller's disappearance in December 1944. Upon being discharged at the end of the following year, McKinley formed an excellent, remarkably modern big band that featured a book of original material by legendary arranger Eddie Sauter (along with a helping of novelty vocals by the leader). Sam Butera, later of the back-up band for Louis Prima was also a member.
Ray McKinley's last recording session was in 1977 for Chirascuro records.
References
Other websites
1910 births
1995 deaths
American jazz singers
Singers from Texas
Musicians from Fort Worth, Texas
Narragansett people

The Narragansett people are a Native American tribe from present-day Rhode Island. They are part of the Northeastern Woodlands cultures. Their language is part of the Algonquian language group. There were eight groups. Each group had a chief (sachem). They had subsistence farming. They farmed corn, did fishing and hunting. The Narragansett was an important tribe in New England. Narragansett did not die from European diseases. The English Puritan Roger Williams got land from the Narragansett. He created Providence Plantations. The Narragansett allied with the New England colonists during the Pequot War. They fought against colonists during King Philips War (1675-1676). Ninigret was the chief of Narragansett during King Philip's War. Many Narragansetts were killed. Many remaining Narragansett settled in Canada and New York. In Carcieri v. Salazar, the Supreme Court did not give the Natives any land in Rhode Island. Today, the US government recognizes the people as the Narragansett Indian Tribe.
References
Native Americans
Oud-Beijerland

Oud-Beijerland is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. On 1 January 2019, it was merged with the former municipalities of Binnenmaas, Cromstrijen, Korendijk, and Strijen to form the new municipality of Hoeksche Waard.
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Hoeksche Waard
Alternative Press

Alternative Press (also abbreviated as AP) is an American music magazine based in Cleveland, Ohio.
Music magazines
Cleveland
Euronext Paris

Euronext Paris is a French stock market. It used to be called the Paris Bourse. It merged with the Amsterdam, Lisbon and Brussels exchanges in September 2000 to form Euronext NV. In 2022, the 795 companies listed had a combined market value of over US$4.58 trillion. Euronext Paris, the French branch of Euronext is Europe's largest stock exchange market. In November 2022, it became Europe's largest stock exchange, overtaking the London Stock Exchange, the first time since 2003.
In 1986, the Paris Bourse started to implement an electronic trading platform. Before that it was an open outcry exchange. The dealers shouted and waved. By 1989 it was all electronic.
It runs the CAC 40 stock market index. It is updated every 15 seconds. It tracks the 40 most significant stocks.
References
Stock exchanges in Europe
Organizations based in Paris
Sylvain Garant

Sylvain Garant was a French racecar driver. He was born on June 29, 1925 in Palaiseau, and died June 6, 1993 in Clearwater, Florida in the United States. He raced in rallies and on circuits for sports cars in the Grand Tourism type, by profession tour operator (OTOM agency).
He raced in the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1972 in the Porsche belonging to Mickael Keyser in Grand Touring class for Louis Meznarie team, then finishing 13th, notably being associated with the future winner of the event Jurgen Barth their 911S 2.5L Flat- 6 was then first in the GTS -3L. Category, and the only one to finish the race.
References
French racecar drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
1925 births
1993 deaths
Padmasambhava

Padmasambhava is the person who brought Buddhism to Tibet in the 8th century. The name is in the Sanskrit language and means "born from a lotus flower". In Bhutan and Tibet he is better known as Guru Rinpoche ("Precious Master") or Lopon Rinpoche, where followers of the Nyingma school regard him as the second Buddha.
The mantra of Padmasambhva is "Om Ah Hum Vajra Guru Padma Siddhi Hum" and is called the Vajra Guru mantra. There is also a prayer called "The Seven Line Prayer" which is devoted to him.
Related pages
Lama
Rinpoche
Yeshe Tsogyal
References
Other websites
The Seven Line Prayer: Text and commentary
Tibetan Buddhism
Kool-Aid

Kool-Aid is an American brand of flavored drink mix. The product is owned by Kraft Foods.
History
Kool-Aid was invented by Edwin Perkins in Hastings, Nebraska. Before Kool-Aid, there was a liquid drink called Fruit Smack. To cut down shipping costs, Perkins found a way to remove the liquid from Fruit Smack and leave only a powder. The powder was called "Kool-Aid".
Perkins moved his production to Chicago in 1931. Kool-Aid was sold to General Foods in 1953.
Kool-Aid is usually sold in powder form, in packets and small tubs. The actual beverage is made by mixing the substance with water and sugar. But there are some sugar-free varieties. The drink is usually served with ice or refrigerated and then served chilled.
The Kool-Aid Man is associated with Kool-Aid. He was created in the 1950s. He was made over in 2013.
References
Soft drinks
History of Chicago
Roy Clark

Roy Linwood Clark (April 15, 1933 - November 15, 2018) was an American country singer-songwriter, actor, guitarist and television presenter. He was best known for having hosted Hee Haw from 1969 to 1997. He also guest hosted for Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show. His best known song was "Yesterday, When I Was Young".
He was a member of the Grand Ole Opry from 1987 until his death, and, in 2009, was added into the Country Music Hall of Fame. Clark was born in Meherrin, Virginia.
Clark died on November 15, 2018 in Tulsa, Oklahoma from complications of pneumonia at the age of 85.
Related pages
List of country musicians from Virginia
References
Other websites
at the Grand Ole Opry
Roy Clark Elementary School
Voices of Oklahoma interview with Roy Clark. First person interview conducted on August 15, 2011, with Roy Clark.
1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Disease-related deaths in Oklahoma
American country guitarists
American country singers
American television presenters
American television actors
American movie actors
American television personalities
Actors from Virginia
Writers from Virginia
Singers from Virginia
Musicians from Virginia
Actors from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Writers from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Singers from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Musicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Jaroslav Plašil

Jaroslav Plasil (born 5 January 1982) is a Czech football player. He plays for Girondins Bordeaux and Czech Republic national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Hradec Kralove||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||1||0
|-
|1999/00||3||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Monaco||rowspan="3"|Division 1||0||0
|-
|2000/01||0||0
|-
|2001/02||4||0
|-
|2002/03||Ligue 1||4||0
|-
|2002/03||Creteil-Lusitanos||Ligue 2||14||0
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="5"|Monaco||rowspan="5"|Ligue 1||34||2
|-
|2004/05||24||1
|-
|2005/06||21||1
|-
|2006/07||30||1
|-
|2007/08||4||0
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Osasuna||rowspan="2"|La Liga||34||4
|-
|2008/09||32||4
|-
|2009/10||Girondins Bordeaux||Ligue 1||||
4||0
135||5
66||8
205||13
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2004||4||1
|-
|2005||6||0
|-
|2006||13||0
|-
|2007||10||1
|-
|2008||11||1
|-
|2009||8||1
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||52||4
|}
References
1982 births
Living people
Czech footballers
Soybean oil

Soybean oil is a type of cooking oil extracted from soybean seeds. It is known that a lot people eat it. It is also been used for oil paints. This oil is prone to oxidation.
References
Cooking oils
The Clash (Album)

The Clash is the first album-length recording made by the English punk band The Clash. It was released twice. Both releases are still in print: the original version in 1977 and the changed U.S. version in 1979 (with several post-1977 single sides added to the album).
Track listing
All tracks were written by Joe Strummer and Mick Jones, except where noted.
Side one
"Janie Jones" - 2:08
"Remote Control " - 3:03
"I'm So Bored with the USA" - 2:24
"White Riot" - 1:56
"Hate and War" - 2:06
"What's My Name?" (Jones, Keith Levine, Strummer) - 1:41
"Deny" - 3:06
"London's Burning" - 2:12
Tracks 1, 3-4, 6-8 are sung by Joe Strummer. Tracks 2 and 5 are sung by Joe Strummer and Mick Jones.
Side two
"Career Opportunities" - 1:54
"Cheat" - 2:06
"Protex Blue" - 1:47
"Police and Thieves" (Junior Murvin, Lee "Scratch" Perry) - 6:03
"48 Hours" - 1:36
"Garageland" - 3:12
References
1977 albums
The Clash albums
Punk albums
Charles A. Johns

Charles A. Johns (June 25, 1857 - January 11, 1932) was an American lawyer, jurist and politician. He served as the 47th Associate Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court.
References
1857 births
1932 deaths
Lawyers from Oregon
Politicians from Oregon
Hubert Green

Hubert Myatt Green (December 28, 1946 - June 19, 2018) was an American professional golfer. He was born in Birmingham, Alabama. He won 29 professional golf tournaments, including two major championships: the 1977 U.S. Open and the 1985 PGA Championship. He was added into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2007.
Green died on June 19, 2018 from throat cancer in Florida, aged 71.
References
Other websites
World Golf Hall of Fame profile
1946 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from throat cancer
Cancer deaths in Florida
American golfers
Sportspeople from Florida
Sportspeople from Birmingham, Alabama
Flag of the Solomon Islands

The flag of the Solomon Islands was created in 1977.
Appearance
It is a thin yellow narrow diagonal stripe divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner to the upper fly-side corner: the upper triangle is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an "X" pattern and the lower triangle is green.
Other websites
References
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands
Right Livelihood Award

The Right Livelihood Award, widely known as the Alternative Nobel Prize, is a major international award to honour those "working on practical and exemplary solutions to the most urgent challenges facing the world today". The prize was started in 1980 by Jakob von Uexkull, and is presented each year in early December. An international jury, invited by the five regular Right Livelihood Award board members, decides the awards in such fields as environmental protection, human rights, sustainable development, health, education, and peace. The prize money is shared among the winners, usually numbering four, and is EUR 200,000.
The prize has been awarded to a diverse group of people and organisations, including Mycle Schneider, Amory Lovins, Astrid Lindgren, Bianca Jagger, Memorial, Mordechai Vanunu, and Petra Kelly.
References
Awards
Booza

Booza (, also called: Arabic ice cream) is an ice cream that is dense and elastic. It is made with "sahlab (Arabic: saHlab) or salep" with mastic, and its texture allows it to hold shapes and causes it to melt more slowly. this type is most common in the Eastern Mediteranean. There are ice cream sellers who show tourists where they grind the "mastic resin" with a mortar and pestle while singing and playing. The preparation of the ice cream is a real art when the sellers prepare ice cream in deep containers and when the texture becomes hard preparation is done with big Mortar made of wood while drumming and playing on the ice cream until the ice cream is ready
Related pages
Bakdash
Dondurma
Other websites
Recipe for Arabic Ice Cream
Mastic ice creams
Hannah

Hannah (meaning grace of God) is a woman in the Bible, in the book of 1 Samuel chapters 1 and 2. She was the wife of Elkanah and the Mother of Samuel. After she begged God for a child, she gave birth to Samuel. Samuel became a prophet of God (a voice for God in Israel). When Samuel was a young child, she took him to live in the temple (as she had promised God), to be an apprentice of Eli the priest.
References
Old Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
11th-century BC people
Annois

Annois is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Heung Yee Kuk (constituency)

The Heung Yee Kuk, is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1991. The constituency is composed of the Chairman and Vice-Chairmen of the Heung Yee Kuk and the Ex Officio, Special and Co-opted Councillors of the Full Council of the Kuk.
References
Functional constituencies of Hong Kong
Rhythm guitar

The term rhythm guitar refers to the style of playing guitar chords, and sometimes playing repeated riffs instead of using the guitar to play melody lines or solos (this kind of playing is called lead guitar). Rhythm guitarists add to the sound of a band, whether they play rock and roll, or other kinds of music.
John Lennon of The Beatles usually played rhythm guitar for the band, with George Harrison playing lead guitar. However, Lennon sometimes played keyboards, and once in a while took the lead guitar role, as he did in the songs "You Can't Do That" and "Get Back".
Sheet music for rhythm guitar is usually written above the classical notes. It is written in Guitar chord format.
References
String instruments
Charles Brenton Huggins

Charles Brenton Huggins (September 22, 1901 - January 12, 1997) was a Canadian-born American physician, physiologist, and cancer researcher at the University of Chicago specializing in prostate cancer. He was awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that hormones could be used to control the spread of some cancers.
Huggins was born on September 22, 1901 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He studied at Acadia University and at Harvard University. Huggins died on January 22, 1997 in Chicago, Illinois from natural causes, aged 95.
Other websites
Nobel biography
Prostate Cancer
Ben May Department for Cancer Research
1901 births
1997 deaths
Canadian physicians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American physicians
Medical researchers
Scientists from Chicago
People from Halifax, Nova Scotia
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
Canadian Nobel Prize winners
American Nobel Prize winners
Võru County

Voru County is a county in Estonia. The capital city is also named Voru.
There is 1 urban and 4 rural municipalities:
References
Counties of Estonia
Division of Hume

The Division of Hume is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. It was one of the 75 divisions set up for the first Federal election in 1901. It was named after Hamilton Hume, one of the first Europeans to travel through the area.
Location
The Division is in the central part of the state, north of the Australian Capital Territory. The Division covers a predominantly rural area, with agriculture and coal mining the main industries. It includes Bargo, Binalong, Boorowa, Bundanoon, Buxton, Caragabal, Colo Vale, Cootamundra, Cowra, Crookwell, Gooloogong, Goulburn, Grenfell, Gundaroo, Gunning, Harden/Murrumburrah, High Range, Hill Top, Joadja, Jugiong, Marulan, Murrumbateman, Oakdale, Picton, Quandialla, Stockinbingal, Sutton, Tahmoor, Tarago, The Oaks, Thirlmere, Wallendbeen, Wilton, Yass and Young.
Members
Election results
References
Other websites
Division of Hume - Australian Electoral Commission
Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
Martim Pires Machado

Martim Machado Pires was an alcaide and noble of the Kingdom of Portugal. He was born in 1200.
References
Other websites
1200 births
Tuskegee Airmen

The Tuskegee Airmen is the popular name for a group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bomber) who fought in World War II. Formally, they formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces. The name also applies to the crew members and support personnel. Their units were all black and all segregated. They had an outstanding record. As fighter escorts they had the reputation that not a single bomber was lost to enemy action while being escorted by Tuskegee airmen.
The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African-American military aviators in the United States Armed Forces. During World War II, Black Americans in many U.S. states were still subject to the Jim Crow laws. Most Tuskegee pilots were trained at Tuskegee Army Airfield in Tuskegee, Alabama. Training bomber crews took longer than training fighter pilots and the war was won before they finished. Navigators and other crew members trained at various army based in the US.
References
United States Army
1940 establishments in the United States
1950s disestablishments in the United States
1952 disestablishments
Comicsgate

Comicsgate is a campaign led by graphic novelist Doug TenNapel against diversity and progressivism in North American superhero comic book industry, believing that these have led to a decline in both quality and sales. It is similar to Gamergate, which is related to video games. It is part of the alt-right movement and a harassment campaign. It has been blamed by critics for the vandalism of one store and threats of violence.
Analog Devolved of Kiwi Farms is part of the Comicsgate movement.
References
2017
Internet culture
Saint-Aignan-sur-Roë

Saint-Aignan-sur-Roe is a commune of 926 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
1386

1386 was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
Elizabeta Kotromanic, the mother of the overthrown Queen Mary of Hungary and Croatia, arranges the assassination of Charles of Durazzo, the ruler of Hungary, Naples, Achaea and Croatia.
Mary is reinstated as Queen of Hungary and Croatia.
Charles' son, Ladislas, becomes King of Naples.
A period of interregnum begins in Achaea, lasting until 1396. Rule of Achaea is sought by numerous pretenders, none of whom can be considered to have reigned.
July 9 - Battle of Sempach: The Swiss safeguard independence from Habsburg rule.
Queen Jadwiga of Poland marries Grand Duke Jagiello of Lithuania, unifying their two countries.
Abu al-Abbas is reinstated as ruler of the Marinid dynasty in present-day Morocco.
John of Gaunt leaves England to make good his claim to the throne of Castile by right of his second marriage to Constanza of Castile in 1371.
The Timurid Empire raids Georgia and takes King Bagrat V prisoner. Bagrat is subsequently freed by an army led by his son, George.
Hundred Years' War - Battle of Margate: The English defeat an invading French and Castilian naval force.
Dan I of Wallachia (now southern Romania) is killed in battle against the Bulgarians and is succeeded by Mircea the Old.
May 9 - King John I of Portugal and King Richard II of England ratified the Treaty of Windsor.
May 20 - First mention of the city of Pitesti, now in Romania.
Founding of Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, the oldest university in Germany.
The Venetians take control of the island of Corfu.
The Brancacci Chapel begins to be built in Florence.
Rozhdestvensky monastery is built in Muscovy.
Births
March 12 - Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shogun (died 1428)
June 24 - Giovanni da Capistrano, Italian saint (died 1456)
Donatello, Italian artist (died 1466)
Niccolo Piccinino, Italian mercenary (died 1444)
Deaths
July 9 - Duke Leopold III of Austria (killed in battle) (born 1351)
James Audley, English knight
William Langland, English poet (born 1332)
Love Yourself

"Love Yourself" is a 2015 song by Canadian singer Justin Bieber and is taken from his fourth studio album Purpose. It topped the single charts in many countries around the world.
References
2015 songs
Justin Bieber songs
Karnah Tehsil

Karnah () is an administrative tehsil of the Kupwara district in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It has 58 villages and is away from the main town of Kupwara.
Demographics
Karnah tehsil has a total population of 60,129 as per the Census 2011, of which 34,471 are males while 25,658 are females, giving a sex ration of 744 females per 1,000 males. In 2011 there were total 11,422 families residing in Karnah Tehsil. Paharis form a majority population in the tehsil. As per Census 2011 out of total population, 25.8% live in urban areas while 74.2% live in rural areas. The average literacy rate in urban areas is 68.4% while that in the rural areas is 58.9%. Also the sex ratio of urban areas in the tehsil is 587 while that of rural areas is 807.
References
Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Luciano Galletti

Luciano Galletti (born 9 April 1980) is an Argentine retired football player. He used to play for Olympiacos.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Estudiantes La Plata||rowspan="2"|Primera Division||12||1
|-
|1998/99||24||1
|-
|1999/00||Napoli||Serie B||11||2
|-
|2000/01||Estudiantes La Plata||Primera Division||28||9
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Real Zaragoza||La Liga||27||2
|-
|2002/03||Segunda Division||37||8
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|La Liga||34||3
|-
|2004/05||37||2
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Atletico Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||26||1
|-
|2006/07||36||4
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Olympiacos||rowspan="3"|Super League||34||3
|-
|2008/09||27||14
|-
|2009/10||||
64||11
11||2
197||20
51||17
323||50
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||7||1
|-
!Total||13||1
|}
References
1980 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Second derivative

In physics and mathematics (particularly in differential calculus), the second derivative is the derivative of the derivative of a function, say . The second derivative has many real-life applications, especially in the study of mathematical optimization and acceleration. Second derivatives can be notated in several ways, some of which are
, or
Other notations are used, but the above two are the most commonly used.
Power Rule for Finding the Second Derivative
If we have a function , then the second derivative of the function can be found using the power rule for second derivatives. That is,
Related pages
Second derivative test
References
Calculus
Lewis Millett

Lewis Lee Millett Sr. (December 15, 1920 - November 14, 2009) was an American military person. He was a United States Army officer who received the Medal of Honor during the Korean War for leading the last major American bayonet charge. Millett was born in Mechanic Falls, Maine. He later served in the Vietnam War as well. He retired from the Army in 1973.
Millett died in Loma Linda, California from congestive heart failure at the age of 88. He was buried with full military honors in Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California.
References
Other websites
1920 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Military people from Maine
Chemical database

A chemical database is a database specifically designed to store chemical information. This information is about chemical and crystal structures, spectra, reactions and syntheses, and thermophysical data.
Chemical structures
Chemical structures are usually shown using lines (that indicate chemical bonds between atoms) and drawn on paper. Computer search algorithm and storage cannot use this method. Small molecules or ligands, are usually represented using lists of atoms and their connections. Large molecules like protein are shown using their building blocks, amino acids and the order of these.
Large chemical databases for structures allow users to store and search for millions of molecules. Therefore, they take up terabytes of memory.
Literature
Chemical literature connect structures or properties of chemicals to academic papers or patents related to them. Examples of this type are STN, Scifinder, and Reaxys.
Crystallography
Crystallography databases store x-ray crystal structure data. Common examples include Protein Data Bank, Cambridge Structural Database, and COD+ Database .
NMR spectra
NMR spectroscopy databases provide information to relate structure and NMR data. They have information on FTIR and mass spectrometry which help in characterization.
Reactions
Most chemical databases store information on stable molecules. In some databases, information about reaction intermediates and temporarily created products are also stored. Reaction databases contain information about products, educts, and reaction mechanisms.
Thermophysical
Thermophysical data are information about
phase equilibria such as vapor-liquid equilibrium, solubility of gases in liquids, liquids in solids (SLE), heats of mixing, vaporization, and fusion.
caloric data like heat capacity, heat of formation and combustion,
transport properties like viscosity and thermal conductivity
References
Computational chemistry
Cheminformatics
Databases
Gordon Spice

Gordon Spice (18 April 1940 - 10 September 2021) was a British racing driver. He competed in both sports cars and Touring Car racing in the 1960s and 1970s. An engineer, he also created the company Spice Engineering, where he designed and built cars. He was born in London.
Spice died of cancer on 10 September 2021 in London, aged 81.
References
1940 births
2021 deaths
British racecar drivers
British mechanical engineers
Sportspeople from London
Businesspeople from London
Les MacFarlane

John Leslie Stuart MacFarlane (26 March 1919 - 15 January 1986) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Country Liberal Party. He served as a member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly for Elsey from 1974 to 1983. He was also the assembly's speaker from 1975 to 1984.
MacFarlane was born in Sydney, New South Wales. On 15 January 1986, MacFarlane died at the age of 66.
References
1919 births
1986 deaths
Politicians from Sydney
Politicians from the Northern Territory
Saturn (mythology)

Saturn (Latin: Saturnus) was a Roman god of agriculture and harvest. He was the father of Ceres, Jupiter, Veritas and others. He was associated with wealth, liberation, and time. He was identified with the Greek titan Kronos, whose reign (often referred to as the Golden Age) was regarded as a time of abundance and peace.
The Temple of Saturn situated within the Roman Forum housed the state treasury. In December, the festival of Saturnalia, perhaps the most famous of all the Roman festivals, was held in his honor -- it largely consisted of a public banquet, role reversals, private gift-giving and revelry. The planet Saturn is named after him and the modern English weekday Saturday (Latin dies Saturni - "Day of Saturn") bears his name.
Roman gods and goddesses
Time and fate gods
Rothbach

Rothbach is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
S. O. Davies

Stephen Owen Davies (1886 or 1887 - 25 February 1972) was a Welsh miner, trade union official and politician. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Merthyr Tydfil from 1950 to 1972, and previously Merthyr from 1934 to 1950. He was a member of the Labour Party.
Davies was born in Abercwmboi, Glamorgan. In 1972, he died in Merthyr Tydfil at the age of 85.
References
1880s births
1972 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Politicians from Glamorgan
UK MPs 1931-1935
UK MPs 1935-1945
UK MPs 1945-1950
UK MPs 1950-1951
UK MPs 1951-1955
UK MPs 1955-1959
UK MPs 1959-1964
UK MPs 1964-1966
UK MPs 1966-1970
UK MPs 1970-1974
Dauphin County, Pennsylvania

Dauphin County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 286,401. The county seat and the largest city is Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's state capital and tenth largest city. The county was created on March 4, 1785.
References
1780s establishments in Pennsylvania
1785 establishments in the United States
Pennsylvania counties
Flatulence

Flatulence or farting is when gas leaves the anus. This often happens with a sound that can be embarrassing to some people, but in some cultures it is treated like humor. The word flatulence comes from the Latin word flatus, which means blowing or breath, but people today usually call it farting.
In mammals like humans, the gases come from two sources: swallowed air (for example, while eating, talking or drinking) and gases naturally created by bacteria in the body during digestion. Of the gases that come out during flatulence, most of it is nitrogen (which has the chemical formula N2 and makes up between 21% to 89% of all the gases), followed by hydrogen (H), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) and methane (CH4).
References
Other websites
7 Easy Ways to Tame Excessive Gas
Digestive system
Robert Wall

Robert Wall (August 2, 1939 - January 30, 2022) was an American actor and martial artist. He was born in San Jose, California.
Wall studied Okinawan martial arts. He appeared in three movies with Bruce Lee: the 1972 movie Way of the Dragon, as O'Harra in Enter the Dragon in 1973 and Game of Death in 1978. He has small roles in Chuck Norris movies, such as Code of Silence (1985), Firewalker (1986), and Hero and the Terror (1988).
Wall died in Los Angeles, California on January 30, 2022, at the age of 82.
References
1939 births
2022 deaths
American martial artists
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from San Jose, California
IPad Mini 3

The third-generation iPad Mini 3 (stylized and marketed as iPad mini 3) is a tablet computer that is made and sold by Apple Inc. It was released on October 22, 2014. It was discontinued on September 9, 2015 when the iPad Mini 4 was released.
The iPad Mini 3 is the first iPad Mini to have a Touch ID fingerprint scanner that can be used alongside a passcode to make sure nobody you don't want to accesses your device.
Storage options
16 GB
64 GB
128 GB
References
IPad
Tablets released in 2010s
Apple products released in 2014
Apple hardware
Alan Rabinowitz

Alan Robert Rabinowitz (December 31, 1953 - August 5, 2018) was an American zoologist. He was the chief scientist at Panthera Corporation, a nonprofit conservation organization devoted to protecting the world's 40 wild cat species. He was called the "Indiana Jones of Wildlife Protection" by Time. He studied jaguars, clouded leopards, Asiatic leopards, tigers, Sumatran rhinos, bears, leopard cats, raccoons, and civets.
On August 5, 2018, Rabinowitz died from leukemia in Manhattan, aged 64.
References
2018 deaths
American zoologists
1953 births
American Jews
People from Brooklyn
Scientists from New York City
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from leukemia
West Attica

West Attica () is a regional unit of Greece. It is part of Attica. The capital is the town Eleusis.
Other websites
Official website
News and info
Subdivisions of Greece
Attica
Hervé de Charette

Herve de Charette (born 30 July 1938) is a French politician. He was born in Paris. He is a member of the Union for French Democracy (UDF).
He was elected deputy for the first time in 1986 as representative of the Maine-et-Loire departement. He was Minister of Civil Service, then from 1993 to 1995, he was Minister of Housing In the UDF.
He supported the winning candidacy of Jacques Chirac in the 1995 presidential election and not that of Prime Minister Edouard Balladur. He found and led the Popular Party for French Democracy (PPDF).
He was Minister of Foreign Affairs until the 1997 legislative election. In 2002, he joined the Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un mouvement populaire or UMP). In December 2009, he left this party for the Nouveau Centre.
References
1938 births
Living people
French politicians
Bogdan Tuszyński

Bogdan Romuald Tuszynski (4 July 1932 - 1 January 2017) was a Polish sports journalist, reporter and historian. He was best known for his sports report Studio S-13 of the Polskie Radio, beginning in 1970. He started his job as an editor of Przeglad Sportowy (1951-1952). He later moved to Polskie Radio in 1953, leaving them in 1981. He also reported on the Peace Race every year. He published about thirty books between 1975 and 2009.
Tuszynski was born in Lodz. His daughter, Agata Tuszynska (born 1957), also became a journalist.
Tuszynski died after a long illness on 1 January 2017 in Warsaw. He was 84.
References
1932 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Poland
Polish historians
Polish journalists
People from Lodz
Polish writers
Tomokatsu Kitagawa

was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was a member of the House of Representatives. He was born in Neyagawa, Osaka. He was an MP from 2003 to 2009 and again from 2012 until his death 2018.
Kitagawa died on December 26, 2018 in Osaka of complications from peritonitis, aged 67.
References
Other websites
Official website in Japanese.
1951 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from peritonitis
Japanese politicians
Spechbach-le-Haut

Spechbach-le-Haut was a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new commune Spechbach.
References
Former communes in Haut-Rhin
Bosnian War

The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina or Bosnian War is the generally accepted name for an international military conflict in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which lasted from April 6th 1992 to December 14th 1995, between Serbia and Montenegro, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Croatia. This war is often appointed and as The aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina and Civil War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina formally indicted Serbia and Montenegro for genocide before the International Court of Justice. The Court 21st February 2007 published a judgment in which he concluded that the war had an international character.
It was estimated that in the nearly 4 year war killed 100,000 - 200,000 people, while over 2,000,000 people had to leave their homes. According to more recent reports, the war killed around 94,000 inhabitants, and displaced about 1,800,000 people. The war was caused by a complex combination of the general political, social and security crisis in the country, which followed the end of the Cold War and the fall of the socialist system in Yugoslavia. The war ended with the signing Peace Agreement in Dayton, Ohio on 21 November 1995.
References
Wars involving Europe
1990s in Bosnia and Herzegovina
1990s conflicts
Premier of Prince Edward Island

The Premier of Prince Edward Island is the first minister for the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. They are the province's head of government and de facto chief executive.
The current Premier of Prince Edward Island is Dennis King, since May 19, 2019.
References
Other websites
Premier of PEI Official Site
Adam Pascal

Adam Pascal (born October 25, 1970) is an American actor, singer, and musician. He is known for his role as Roger Davis in the original cast of Jonathan Larson's musical Rent on Broadway, the 2005 film version of the musical, and the Broadway Tour of 1996 musical Rent in 2009.
He is also known for the role of Radames in Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida and for playing the Emcee from the 1998 Cabaret revival. He most recently appeared as Huey Calhoun in the Broadway Company of Memphis.
Early life and stage works
Pascal was born in The Bronx, New York, and grew up in Woodbury, Nassau County, New York, with his mother, Wendy (nee Frishman), and stepfather, Mel Seamon. He was raised Jewish. He graduated from Syosset High School. Before his interest in music, he was a personal trainer. Although he started out as a rock musician playing in various bands (such as Mute) formed with his schoolmates, Pascal was drawn to the musical theatre. A friend of his from high school mentioned Rent to him.
On a whim, he auditioned and was cast as the HIV positive rock guitarist Roger Davis. His powerful tenor voice and his performance in Rent earned him a Tony nomination, a Theater World Award and an Obie Award. He left the show on November 2, 1997, but returned to play Roger when Rent opened in London.
References
1970 births
American movie actors
American rock singers
Jewish American musicians
Living people
Musicians from the Bronx
Actors from the Bronx
Singers from New York City
Supersolid

In condensed matter physics, a supersolid is a solid material with superfluid properties. A supersolid is a special state of matter where particles form a solid, but also flow with zero viscosity.
References
States of matter
Żebbuġ

Zebbug, also known by its title Citta Rohan, is a city in the Southern Region of Malta. It is one of the oldest cities in the country, and its population is 11,903 as of March 2014.
References
Cities in Malta
Ken Morrison

Sir Kenneth Duncan "Ken" Morrison CBE (20 October 1931 - 1 February 2017) was an English businessman. He was the Life President and former chairman of Morrisons (Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC), the fourth largest supermarket group in the United Kingdom since 1956.
Morrison died on 1 February 2017 from a short-illness at his home in Myton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire, aged 85.
References
Other websites
Morrisons
Leeds University
1931 births
2017 deaths
English businesspeople
People from Yorkshire
Nigel Boocock

Nigel Boocock (17 September 1937 - 3 April 2015) was a British speedway rider. He appeared in eight Speedway World Championship finals and was a reserve in one other (1962). Boocock was born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.
Boocock died on 3 April 2015 in Queensland, Australia, aged 77.
References
1937 births
2015 deaths
Speedway riders
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
Wakefield
British motorcycle racers
Yu Hasegawa

Yu Hasegawa (born 5 June 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Montedio Yamagata.
Club career statistics
|-
|2006||Kashiwa Reysol||J. League 2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2006||Gifu||Regional Leagues||4||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||1
|-
|2007||Kashiwa Reysol||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 2||9||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Montedio Yamagata||J. League 2||39||13||2||0||colspan="2"|-||41||13
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||31||10||1||0||5||0||37||10
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
84||24||3||0||5||0||92||24
84||24||3||0||5||0||92||24
|}
References
Montedio Yamagata
1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Yamanashi Prefecture
Grythyttan

Grythyttan is a locality in Hallefors Municipality in Orebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 891 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Orebro County
Ichneumon

The Ichneumonoidea are parasitoid wasps. They are a superfamily in the suborder Apocrita.
The superfamily is made up of the ichneumon wasps, (family Ichneumonidae), and the braconids (family Braconidae). The superfamily contains well over 80,000 different species. Members of the family Ichneumonidae are usually larger than members of the Braconidae, and the family has three times as many species as the braconids. The two families are distinguished mainly by details of wing venation.
Almost all are solitary insects, and most are parasitoids--the larvae feeding on or in another insect which finally dies. Being in the same order, ichneumonoids are closely related to other hymenoptera such as ants and bees. Many species in both families use polydnaviruses (with double strand DNA) to suppress the immune system of the host insect.
Some species use many different insects as hosts, others are very specific in host choice. Various ichneumons are used successfully as biological control agents in controlling pests such as flies or beetles.
Ichneumon wasp species are highly varied, ranging from to long. Most are slender, with the females of many species (particularly in the genus Megarhyssa) having an extremely long ovipositor for laying eggs. The female finds a host and lays an egg on, near, or inside the host's body. Upon hatching, the larval ichneumon feeds either externally or internally, killing the host when they themselves are ready to pupate. Despite looking formidable, the ovipositor does not deliver a sting like many wasps or bees. It can be used by the wasps to bore through rotten wood, and lay eggs in grubs hiding under the wood.
Other websites
Reference large-format photos of 15 different species of Ichneumonidae
An interesting account of an observer's encounter with Ichneumons.
University of Florida Department of Entomology & Nematology page about Ichneumons
BugGuide page: Family Ichneumonidae - Ichneumon Wasps
References
Parasitoids
Wasps
Phototroph

Phototrophs (photo = light, troph = nutrition) or photoautotrophs are organisms which carry out photosynthesis.
With their plastids and the help of energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are converted into sugar by photosynthesis. Sugar is then converted into other organic molecules which can be used in cellular functions. Such a function might be, for example, respiration.
Botany