pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Irving Berlin

Irving Berlin (May 11, 1888 - September 22, 1989), born Israel Baline in Imperial Russia, was a Jewish-American songwriter.
Selected works
Berlin's first popular success was "Alexander's Ragtime Band."
In 1938, Kate Smith made "God Bless America" a popular hit.
In 1942, Berlin won the Academy Award for the best original song in the movie "Holiday Inn". The song was "White Christmas.". Bing Crosby recorded the song. This became "the best-selling record of all time."
Broadway musicals written by Berlin included "Annie Get Your Gun" and "Call me Madam."
References
Other websites
Irving Berlin Music Company
PBS page on Irving Berlin , part of their Great Performances series
If Irving Berlin could not read or write music, how did he compose? (from The Straight Dope)
Liner notes for The Vintage Irving Berlin, New World Records NW 238
Irving Berlin collection of non-commercial sound recordings, at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
The Judy Room "Easter Parade" section
Daniel K. Elder "Remarkable Sergeants: Ten Vignettes of Noteworthy NCOs," http://ncohistory.com/files/RemarkableSgts.pdf
1888 births
1989 deaths
American centenarians
American composers
American Jews
American movie score composers
American pianists
American songwriters
Entertainers from New York City
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Kastl, Upper Bavaria

Kastl is a municipality in Altotting, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
References
Altotting (district)
CS1 German-language sources (de)
Coordinates on Wikidata
Wrabel

Stephen Wrabel (born 7 January 1989), better known as just Wrabel, is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. He is based in Los Angeles and is signed to Epic Records. Wrabel was invited by Afrojack to perform a song live during Afrojack's show. The track featured Wrabel's vocals and piano playing titled "Ten Feet Tall" and resulted in an international hit. The song was also premiered in the United States with the Bud Light commercial that aired during the 2014 Super Bowl XLVlll and was viewed by around 100 million viewers. This is Wrabel's first big charting hit. He released his debut album on Island Records in 2014.
Discography
Singles
2014: "Ten Feet Tall"
American pop singers
American songwriters
Living people
1989 births
RC2

In cryptography, RC2 is a symmetric-key block cipher. Designed by Ronald Rivest in 1987. "RC" stands for "Rivest Cipher", or alternatively, "Ron's Code".
RC2 is a 64-bit block cipher with a variable key size and using 18 rounds.
Rounds are arranged as a source-heavy feistel network, with 16 rounds of one type called "mixing rounds" interleaved by two rounds of another type called "mashing rounds".
The 18 rounds are performed using the following interleaved sequence:
perform 5 mixing rounds.
perform 1 mashing round.
perform 6 mixing rounds.
perform 1 mashing round.
perform 5 mixing rounds.
RC2 uses key-expansion algorithm by which an expanded key consisting of 64 (16-bit words) is produces depending in a complicated way on every bit of the supplied "variable-length" input key. A mixing round consists of four applications of the "mix-up" transformation, as shown in the diagram. A round is "mashed" by adding to it one of the 16-bit words of the expanded key (RFC 2268).
RC2 is susceptible to a related-key attack using 234 chosen-plaintext attacks (Kelsey et al., 1997).
The development of RC2 was sponsored by Lotus, who were seeking a custom cipher be exported as part of their Lotus Notes software, after evaluation by the NSA. The NSA suggested a couple of changes, which Ronald Rivest incorporated. After further negotiations, the cipher was approved for export in 1989.
Along with RC4, RC2 with a 40-bit key size was treated under US export regulations for cryptography. Now all 40-bit encryption algorithms are obsolete because they are dangerously susceptible to brute force attacks.
Initially, the details of the algorithm were kept secret -- proprietary to RSA Security -- but on 29 January 1996, source code for RC2 was anonymously posted to the Internet on the Usenet forum, sci.crypt. A similar post had occurred earlier with RC4. It is unclear whether the poster had access to the specifications or whether it had been reverse engineered.
References
Steven Levy, Crypto: How the Code Rebels Beat the Government -- Saving Privacy in the Digital Age, , 2001.
Lars R. Knudsen, Vincent Rijmen, Ronald L. Rivest, Matthew J. B. Robshaw: On the Design and Security of RC2. Fast Software Encryption 1998: 206-221
John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, David Wagner: Related-key cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA. ICICS 1997: 233-246
Other websites
RFC 2268 - A Description of the RC2(r) Encryption Algorithm
RSA FAQ: What is RC2?
sci.crypt posting revealing the RC2 algorithm
Cryptography
Piano six hands

Music described as piano six hands is for three pianists at one piano, as distinct from piano duet which is music for two pianists at one piano, and from piano trio which is music for piano, violin and cello. Not much music has been written for this combination, although there are several arrangements of music originally written for other forces.
Examples
Compositions include 5 pieces by Percy Grainger, Sergei Rachmaninoff's Romance and Valse, Alfred Schnittke's Hommage, Carl Czerny's op.17 and 741, Jean Cras's "Ames d'enfants", Paul Robinson (composer)'s "Pensees" and "Monmartre", various pieces by German composer Armin Fuchs, Bulgarian composer Tomislav Baynov's "Metrorhythmia 1", John Pitts's "Are You Going?", Greek composer Dionysis Boukouvalas's "Fantasy on a theme by Steve Reich", Canadian composer Paul Frehner's "Slowdown" and Italian composer Fabio Mengozzi's "Promenade".
References
Musical terminology
Piano
Day of judgment

In the Christian religion, The Day of Judgment is the day in the future when all people who are living or dead will be judged by God. It is often known as the Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday, or sometimes it is called The Day of the Lord.
Beliefs of the early Christians
In the Torah the prophets had said that one day God would send His son to forgive people for the wrong things they had done and to save their souls. In the early years of the Christian church people thought that, although Jesus Christ had now visited the world and died for us on the cross, salvation will only be completed when the world ends and all people alive or dead will face God who will judge them.
References to the Day of Judgment in the Bible
The Day of the Lord is mentioned several times in the Old Testament (e.g. Book of Ezekiel chapter 13 v.5 and Isaiah chapter 2 v.12). In the New Testament the coming of Christ as Judge of the world is mentioned very often. In Paul's letters and in the Revelation to John, then Christians who are saved by their faith in Jesus will reign with Christ. When Christ comes, His arrival will be announced by a trumpet call. He will come down from heaven. All the people who are alive will stay alive, and all the people who are dead will become alive again.
Christ's Second Coming is talked about in the ancient creeds. In the Apostles' Creed it says: "He ascended into heaven...From thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead". In the Nicene Creed it says: "He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead".
The Day of Judgment in art
This belief about the Day of Judgment has inspired many painters throughout the ages to draw or paint the Second Coming of Christ. One of the most famous is Michelangelo's painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
References
Related pages
Eschatology
Further reading
New Encyclopaedia Britannica vol 16 p. 369
Christian eschatology
Judaism
Bible
Afterlife
Bathroom cabinet

A bathroom cabinet (or medicine cabinet) is a cabinet in a bathroom. Most of the time it is located above bathroom sink. The main role of bathroom cabinet is to be place to keep drugs, hygienic equipment and toiletries like toothbrush and perfumes. Having a bathroom cabinet saves a space (it is located above sink which usually is unused space), helps to organize belongings in case of broken pipe or other kind of flooding in the bathroom.
References
Furniture
Trafford Park

Trafford Park is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. It is opposite Salford Quays on the southern side of the Manchester Ship Canal. It is 3.4 miles (5.5 km) southwest of Manchester city centre and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) north of Stretford. From about 1200 until the late 19th century, it was the home of the de Trafford family. They sold it to financier Ernest Terah Hooley in 1896. It is 4.7 square miles (12 km2). It was the first planned industrial estate in the world. It is still the largest in Europe.
In the Second World War it was where the Avro Manchester and Avro Lancaster heavy bombers, and the Rolls-Royce Merlin engines used to power the Spitfire, Hurricane, Mosquito and the Lancaster were made. It was bombed by the Luftwaffe, particularly during the Manchester Blitz of December 1940.
In 1945 about 75,000 people worked there. In 2023 about 35,000 worked there.
The Imperial War Museum North opened on 5 July 2002. It is in Trafford Wharf, on the southern edge of the ship canal looking over towards Salford Quays.
Manchester Metrolink's Trafford Park Line from Pomona to the Trafford Centre opened in March 2020. It goes through the park.
References
Trafford
Sidney Rittenberg

Sidney Rittenberg (; August 14, 1921 - August 24, 2019) was an American journalist, educator, and Chinese linguist. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He lived in China from 1944 to 1980. He worked closely with Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, and other leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the Chinese Communist Revolution.
He was imprisoned in solitary confinement, twice, for a total of 16 years. He was the first American citizen to join the CCP.
Rittenberg died on August 24, 2019 in Scottsdale, Arizona at the age of 98.
References
Other websites
Video interview with Sidney Rittenberg
Website for feature documentary on Sidney Rittenberg's life in China
Interview from 2015
1921 births
2019 deaths
Educators from South Carolina
American political activists
American political writers
American communists
American journalists
Writers from South Carolina
People from Charleston, South Carolina
Helena Modjeska

Helena Modrzejewska (; born Jadwiga Benda, (12 October 1840 - 8 April 1909), known professionally as Helena Modjeska, was a Polish actress. She was known for performing many Shakespearean plays. Modjeska was born in Krakow, Poland.
Modjeska died on 8 April 1909 in Newport Beach, California from Bright's disease at the age of 68.
References
Other websites
Guide to the Helena Modjeska Collection. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.
Madam Modjeska scrapbooks, 1877-1898, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Heroines of the Modern Stage p. 52 by Forrest Izard c.1915
1840 births
1909 deaths
Deaths from Bright's disease
Polish stage actors
People from Krakow
British princess

A British princess is a princess who has the title of a Princess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In Britain, the title "Princess" and the use of the style "Royal Highness" can only be used for these persons:
the legitimate daughters of a British sovereign,
the legitimate male line granddaughters of a British sovereign,
the wife of a British prince.
Queen Elizabeth II issued Letters Patent dated 21 August 1996 stating that any woman divorced from a Prince of the United Kingdom would no longer be entitled to the style "Royal Highness". This has so far applied to Diana, Princess of Wales, and Sarah, Duchess of York.
List of princesses by birth since 1714
List of princesses by marriage since 1714
References
Lists of British people
Chippenham

Chippenham is a market town in Wiltshire, South West England. It is east of Bath and west of London. In the 2001 census, the population was 28,065. In 2009, Councils estimated the population at 42,060. It is a great place to live.
References
Chippenham
First Lieutenant

First lieutenant is a military rank in many armed forces. They are considered commissioned officers and in some militaries an appointment.
The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations. In the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior (first lieutenant) and junior (second lieutenant) rank. In navies it may relate to a particular post rather than a rank.
U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force
In the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, a first lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer. It is just above the rank of second lieutenant and just below the rank of captain. It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant (junior grade) in the other uniformed services.
U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard
In the U.S. Navy and Coast Guard, first lieutenant is a position title, instead of a rank. It is held by the officer in command of the deck department. On smaller ships, the first lieutenant holds the rank of lieutenant, junior grade or ensign. On larger vessels, the position is held by a lieutenant or, in the case of extremely large warships such as aircraft carriers, a lieutenant commander or even commander. However, on submarines, where the deck department may only have a few junior sailors, the first lieutenant may be a senior enlisted member, such as a first-class petty officer or chief petty officer.
References
Military ranks
Ashleigh Gardner

Ashleigh Katherine Gardner is a cricketer from Australia. Ashleigh plays for the national women's team. She was born on April 15, 1997.
References
Other websites
1997 births
Living people
Australian cricketers
Sportspeople from New South Wales
Common Chinese tree frog

The common Chinese tree frog or Chinese tree toad (Hyla chinensis) is a tree frog from China. People have seen it in the middle of China and in parts of Taiwan and Vietnam. It lives between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level.
The adult frog is 25 to 33 cm long from nose to rear end. The female frogs are larger than the male frogs. This frog has a wide head. This frog is dark green on the back with a yellow belly and a brown mouth. It has a black stripe near each eye and black spots on its sides. Adult frogs sit in trees, smaller plants, and rice fields, sometimes in groups.
Scientists say this frog is related to Hyla arborea.
References
Frogs of Asia
Square rig

Square rig refers to a type of sail and rigging where the sails are mounted on horizontal spars. The number of masts, the square sails and how the yards (spars) are set out distinguishes a square-rigged ship. The classic example of a square-rig is a three masted fully rigged ship. The square-rigger descends from the lateen-rig. Its angled sails became square sails. The full-rigged ship is a ship with square-rigged sails on all its masts. The square rig with all its sails and rigging is hard to handle when tacking or "coming about". In the trade winds, square-rigged ships have an advantage, especially in deep water.
References
Other websites
How to sail a Full-Rigged-Ship - The Sorlandet Part 1
Star of India tacking and wearing: YouTube
Sailing
Bart Gets Hit by a Car

"Bart Gets Hit by a Car" is the tenth episode of The Simpsons second season. The episode first started on January 10, 1991.
This episode has the first appearance of "Dr. Nick Riviera", "Lionel Hutz", and the "Blue-Haired Lawyer". Also, recurring (appearing in several episodes) guest star Phil Hartman and the show's then-script supervisor Doris Grau made their first episode in the show.
References
Other websites
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
1991 television episodes
Luminiferous aether

Luminiferous aether is a substance once believed to fill the Universe and explain how the transmission of waves of light can happen. People believed that light was a kind of wave. Waves travel over the surface of water in a pond, through the air in a room, etc. All waves that people had studied before had travelled through a medium. The speed of sound through steel is much higher than through air, so people imagined that light must travel through a similar medium too. Since light travels faster than anything else, light should travel through something more rigid (like steel) faster than anything else. But at the same time this substance must have a very low viscosity so that it would not slow down the movements of planets and cause them to eventually fall into their suns. The people coming before Albert Einstein believed this substance to exist, and they called it the "Luminiferous aether."
If an observer was to travel on a boat moving through an ocean current, then they could observe changes in the rate that waves appeared to travel depending on the relationship of the observer to the current.
Physicists conducted experiments to attempt to make this question become clear. The Michelson-Morley Experiment showed that there was no medium through which light travelled. It showed that there is no Luminiferous aether.
The easiest way to see the general idea is to imagine a very fast spaceship moving at one half the speed of light from one star to another. The spaceship has two light-speed meters, one pointing backward and one pointing forward. Since the spaceship is moving away from the photons given off by the yellow star, and running toward the photons given off by the blue star, our ordinary experience leads us to expect that we would measure the speed of the yellow photons as 150,000 kilometres per second, and the speed of the blue photons as 450,000 kilometres per second. However both photons are measured at 300,000 km/sec. Thereby this result indicates that speeds do not change relative to the movement of the spaceship.
Recent research
A recent study is much more precise than the one by Michelson and Morley, but it still shows that the speed of light is constant no matter which direction one is moving in.
References
Physics
History of science
Warrenton, Georgia

Warrenton is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Warren County.
References
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
An An (giant panda)

An An (; 1986 - 21 July 2022) was a male giant panda. He lived in Hong Kong Ocean Park. He was a gift from the Central People's Government of China to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 1999. He was the longest-living male giant panda in the world under human care before his death in 2022.
An An was euthanised at aged 35 on 21 July 2022 at Hong Kong Ocean Park after being sick for the last three weeks.
References
1986 births
2022 deaths
Individual animals
Bears
George Reeves

George Reeves (January 5, 1914 - June 16, 1959) was an American actor.
Biography
Reeves was born with the name of George Keefer Brewer in Woolstock, Iowa, U.S., son of Don Brewer and Helen Lescher. He moved to California at a young age with his mother Helen. Reeves started acting in high school and then continued to serve on student productions. In 1943, 17 months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Reeves enrolled in aviation until the end of World War II, putting his acting career on hold.
After a successful career, Reeves died on June 16, 1959. However, the manner of death is controversial. He was officially found to have committed suicide, but some people think he was murdered or a shooting victim.
Career
He began his career playing small roles in short movies and movies as Ride, Cowboy, Ride (1939 short). In the classic movie starring Clark Gable, Gone with the Wind (1939), Reeves played of role Stuart Tarleton. In the 1940 Reeves continued to make appearances in movies such as Blood and Sand (1941) with Tyrone Power, So Proudly We Hail! (1943), Winged Victory (1944), Samson and Delilah (1949), and the Western starring by William Boyd Border Patrol (1943), Colt Comrades (1943), Bar 20 (1943). George Reeves got his first starring role in 1948 movie Jungle Goddess (1948), as Mike Patton, an explorer rescuing a young woman who has been kidnapped by an African tribe. He also accompanied Johnny Weissmuller in the Tarzan saga Jungle Jim (1948).
In the 1950s Reeves starred in several movies including Rancho Notorious (1952) with Marlene Dietrich - Arthur Kennedy and directed by Fritz Lang, Bugles in the Afternoon (1952) with Ray Milland, The Blue Gardenia (1953) by Fritz Lang, and without being listed in the credits had a role in Fred Zinnemann movie, From Here to Eternity (1953) with Burt Lancaster, Reeves as Sgt. Maylon Stark.
Superman
He started work in television in 1948, and in 1952 he was hired to play the double character of Superman and Clark Kent in Adventures of Superman. The series was a success without precedent in American television and made Reeves famous. George Reeves played Superman for 102 episodes broadcast between 1952 and 1958.
Television work
Reeves had guest appearances in television series such as Kraft Television Theatre (1949-1952), Believe It or Not (1950), The Ford Television Theatre (1952), Fireside Theatre (1952), and I Love Lucy (1957) playing Superman.
References
Other websites
1914 births
1959 deaths
Actors from Iowa
Actors who committed suicide
American movie actors
American television actors
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Bidirectional search

In computer science, bidirectional search is a method used for finding the shortest path between two items in a graph. It runs two simultaneous searches starting from the two items.
Implementation
The example below uses two simultaneous breadth-first searches.
void bidirectionalSearch(Item a, Item b) {
Queue qA = new Queue();
Queue qB = new Queue();
qA.enqueue(a);
qB.enqueue(b);
while (!qA.isEmpty() && !qB.isEmpty()) {
if (!qA.isEmpty()) {
Item v = qA.dequeue();
if (aItem.found) return true;
for (Item neighbor : v.neighbors()) {
if (!neighbor.found) {
neighbor.found = true;
qA.enqueue(neighbor);
}
}
}
if (!qB.isEmpty()) {
Item v = qB.dequeue();
if (v.found) return true;
for (Item neighbor : v.neighbors()) {
if (!neighbor.found) {
neighbor.found = true;
qB.enqueue(neighbor);
}
}
}
}
return false;
}
Related pages
Breadth-first search
References
Searching and sorting algorithms
Rupert Brooke

Rupert Chawner Brooke (3 August 1887 - 23 April 1915) was an English poet. He is known for his war sonnets written during the First World War. His best known work is "The Soldier". Irish poet W. B. Yeats described him as "the handsomest young man in England".
References
English poets
Writers from Warwickshire
Deaths from sepsis
1887 births
1915 deaths
Yerupajá

Yerupaja is a mountain in the Andes range, in Peru. It is the 11th highest mountain in the Andes.
Mountains of Peru
Andes
Ouargla Province

Ouargla or Warqla is a province in eastern Algeria. Its capital is Ouargla. Other important towns are Temacine, Touggourt, and Hassi Messaoud. It contains the Issaouane Erg desert.
Divisions
The province has 10 districts and 21 communes or municipalities.
Districts
El Borma
El Hadjira
Hassi Messaoud
Megarine
N'Goussa
Ouargla
Sidi Khouiled
Taibet
Temacine
Touggourt
References
Provinces of Algeria
Hiroyuki Takahashi

is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||||||||||||
|-
|2003||0||0||||||||||||
1||0||||||||||||
1||0||||||||||||
|}
Other websites
www.j-league.or.jp (Japanese)
j-league (Japanese)
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Chiba Prefecture
Tate Donovan

Tate Buckley Donovan (born September 25, 1963) is an American actor and director. He is known for playing Tom Shayes in Damages, Jimmy Cooper in The O.C., and the voice of Hercules in the Disney animated movie Hercules, the animated television series of the same name and in a few Kingdom Hearts video games.
Filmography
References
1963 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American video game actors
American television directors
Actors from New Jersey
Buster Posey

Gerald Dempsey "Buster" Posey III (born March 27, 1987) is an American professional baseball catcher and first baseman for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. He stands and weighs . He bats and throws right-handed.
Posey grew up in Leesburg, Georgia. He played four sports in high school; when playing baseball, he was very good at hitting and pitching. He attended Florida State University, where he began playing the catcher position.
He won the Golden Spikes Award in 2008 and was selected by the Giants with the fifth overall pick in the 2008 Major League Baseball Draft. Posey made his major league start on September 11, 2009. After beginning the 2010 season in the minor leagues, he was called back up to the major leagues in May. He played first base when he came up, but became the Giants' regular catcher at the end of June.
References
Other websites
Florida State Seminoles bio
Living people
San Francisco Giants players
1987 births
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
National League All-Stars
Florida State University alumni
College of the Holy Cross

College of the Holy Cross is a Jesuit university in Worcester, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1843.
References
Other websites
Official website
Official Athletics website
Unofficial Athletics website
The Advocate
The Crusader
Colleges and universities in Massachusetts
1843 establishments in the United States
Patriot League
Worcester, Massachusetts
1840s establishments in Massachusetts
Alaska Range

The Alaska Range is a series of mountains in Alaska, in the United States. The mountain range stretches about from northwest to southeast. The United States' highest mountain, Denali (20,320' or 6,194 m) is in the Alaska Range.
Many glaciers are in the Alaska Range, including the Canwell, Castner, Black Rapids, Susitna, Yanert, Muldrow, Eldridge, Ruth, Tokositna, and Kahiltna Glaciers.
Through the Alaska Range runs four major rivers, which are the Delta, Nenana, Nabesna, and Chisna Rivers. The Nenana River is a popular destination for whitewater rafting in Alaska.
Related pages
Brooks Range
Mountain ranges of Alaska
Folk hero

A folk hero is a person, who may or may not have existed, and is famous and well liked by people, or people of a certain country. Usually it is someone who helped the common people or fought against the authorities, such as a bad king. People tells stories about folk heroes, most of their stories have been passed down orally, and changed to fit the situations. They usually have a special skill or trait of some sort (Paul Bunyan is very tall).
Some famous folk heroes are:
Robin Hood (England), who stole from the rich and gave it to the poor people
William Tell (Switzerland), who killed a tyrant (a lord terrorizing the people)
Carmine Crocco (Italy), controversial figure of the Italian unification but considered by many a folk hero
Johnny Appleseed
George Washington, First President of the United States
Natty Bumppo
Paul Bunyan
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, First President of Turkey
Gandhi
Nelson Mandela, First President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist
Simon Bolivar
John Henry
Pecos Bill
Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States during the American Civil War
Davy Crockett, famous American folk hero who died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Jim Bowie, famous for his Bowie knife, died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Paul Revere
Qutb Shah, supposed Arab-Afghan who conquered large parts of Northern India and sired many tribes.
Dulla Bhatti who was a popular resistance hero against the Mughal Empire.
Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal who was a Punjabi freedom-fighter in 1857.
Folklore
Peasants' Revolt

The Peasants' Revolt was a rebellion of peasants in England, in 1381. It was the biggest rebellion of farmers in medieval England.
The Peasants' Revolt is also called Wat Tyler's Rebellion, after Wat Tyler, who was a local leader of the peasants in the rebellion. It has also been called the Great Rising.
The causes of the rebellion are unclear today, but there are different candidates:
There was a large epidemic of the Black Death, which lasted from 1347 to 1353. This reduced the number of workers and caused economic problems.
To finance Hundred Years' War, the English crown raised taxes several times within a short period of time.
The central government in London was weak at the time.
Life of peasants
There were two types of peasants: serfs and free peasants.
Serfs were tenant farmers who worked without pay for a lord. In exchange, they got permission to live on the lord's land. They also got protection from the knights living on the lord's manor. Under feudalism, serfs had many difficulties. They barely had enough food to live on, and they had few possessions. They were not slaves, but they were not completely free. Serfs had less than any of the other social classes in medieval society.
Though they had more freedoms than serfs, life was also difficult for free peasants. Even though they were "free," they were still controlled by the higher social classes. They had to pay rent to live "free." They had to pay for many other things too, like collecting water or getting married.
Most peasants lived in houses which also housed the animals of the village.
Timeline
May 30th: The peasants of Essex chase Thomas Bampton out of Fobbing.
June 1st: The revolt spreads through Essex, Hertfordshire, and Suffolk.
June 7th: Maidstone and Rochester castles surrender to the revolt.
June 10th: A new leader, Wat Tyler, appears. The rebels of Kent and Essex march on London to explain their grievances. However, Wat Tyler has a different plan: to attack London. King Richard II of England is completely surprised, and only has a few hundred troops in London.
June 13th: The peasants kill many lawyers under the command of Wat Tyler. Most of London is not destroyed. King Richard agrees to meet the rebels at Mile End.
June 14th: Richard meets with Tyler, and Tyler gives him the peasants' demands. The king agrees to all of these demands. Meanwhile, a group of peasants goes to the Tower of London and beheads some of their worst enemies. These include Simon Sudbury, Robert Hailes, and John Legge.
June 15th: Wat Tyler wants to meet with the king again to make more demands. When they meet, Tyler is killed. It is not clear what happened to cause Tyler's death. King Richard orders his troops to destroy the rebels; they kill over a thousand.
Fifty years later, most of Wat Tyler's demands were put into place by the king.
References
14th century in England
1381
Rebellions in Europe
Hirokazu Kanazawa

was a Japanese teacher. He taught Shotokan karate. He was the Chief instructor and President of the Shotokan Karate-Do International Federation, an organisation he founded after he left the Japan Karate Association (JKA). Kanazawa was ranked 10th dan in karate.
References
1931 births
2019 deaths
Japanese educators
Bridgeport, Alabama

Bridgeport is a small city in Jackson County, Alabama, United States. At the time of 2020 census, the population was 2,264. Bridgeport is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.
References
Cities in Alabama
Alles mit Gott und nichts ohn' ihn, BWV 1127

Alles mit Gott und nichts ohn' ihn, BWV 1127 is an aria written by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was written in October 1713 for Duke Wilhelm Ernst of Saxe-Weimar's birthday. The text was written by Johann Anton Mylius. It was discovered in 2005 in the Anna Amalia Library in Weimar.
History and background
Duke Wilhelm Ernst of Saxe-Weimar was born on 19 October 1662 (O.S.). He became co-ruler of Saxe-Weimar with his brother, Johan Ernst III in 1683. When Saxe-Weimar changed to using the Gregorian calendar, he chose 30 October to be his new birthday.
In July 1708, Bach became the court organist at Weimar. Johann Samuel Drese and his son Johann Wilhelm were the court composers at the time. As an organist, Bach did not have to write music.
Johann Anton Mylius was the superintendent of Buttstadt. He wrote an ode for Duke Wilhelm's birthday. It is based on the duke's motto. He asked Bach to write a melody for the ode.
Music
The aria is written for a soprano soloist, two violins, a viola, and basso continuo.
References
Other websites
Compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
Arias
Marion, Kentucky

Marion is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
António Topa

Antonio Andre da Silva Topa (2 September 1954 - 31 October 2021) was a Portuguese engineer and politician. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party. He was in the Assembly of the Republic from 2015 until his death.
Topa died in Lisbon, Portugal on 31 October 2021, aged 67.
References
1954 births
2021 deaths
Portuguese politicians
Portuguese engineers
President of South Africa

The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President.
The role as President of South Africa was originally founded to be different from being prime minister. The two roles were merged in the 1983 constitution which calls for a four-year term of office. The 1993 and later constitutions limit the president's time in office to two five-year terms. The first President to be elected under the new constitution was Nelson Mandela. The current president is Cyril Ramaphosa.
List of presidents of South Africa (1994 - present)
Nelson Mandela (10 May 1994 - 16 June 1999)
Thabo Mbeki (16 June 1999 - 24 September 2008)
Kgalema Motlanthe (25 September 2008 - 9 May 2009)
Jacob Zuma (9 May 2009 - 14 February 2018)
Cyril Ramaphosa (since 15 February 2018)
References
Other websites
Office of the Presidency
Moosleerau

Moosleerau is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Aargau
Melodic hardcore

Melodic hardcore is a subgenre of hardcore punk. Exploring melodies are an important part of melodic hardcore. Gunther "Puddinfoot" Crines described the style as "just so nice". It came out of L.A. hardcore with the Descendants. In 1985, the Descendents worked with two new singers, Dave Smalley of DYS and Dag Nasty. Bad Religion also worked in this style. Another well known melodic hardcore band is Pennywise.
References
Hardcore punk
Dayman big-eyed tree frog

Dayman big-eyed tree frog (Nyctimystes daymani) is a frog from southeastern Papua New Guinea. It lives in wetlands far from the ocean. Scientists have only ever seen it on Dayman Mountain in Milne Bay Province, and in Mafulu. It was found about 700 meters above sea level.
The male frog is about 42 mm long from nose to rear end. When dead and preserved, it is brown with darker brown patterns on its back and legs. It has vein patterns on its lower eyelids. When alive, this frog is light brown with a little orange and white spots. It has orange toes. Its belly is very white in color.
References
Frogs of Oceania
Duck Hill, Mississippi

Duck Hill is a town in Montgomery County, Mississippi, United States.
Towns in Mississippi
Circle MRT line

The 35.7-kilometre Circle MRT Line (CCL) is Singapore's fourth Mass Rapid Transit line, and the first medium capacity line. This underground line is long with 30 stations (excluding Bukit Brown) and is fully automatically operated. As the name implies, the line is an orbital line linking all radial lines leading to the city, and also covering many parts of the Central Area. It will also connect to Marina South via a branch line branching off from Promenade and ending at Marina Bay. Circle Line is not a full circle, and the Stage 6 will only merge the section from Marina Bay to HarbourFront, forming a loop. The line is colored yellow on the MRT Rail map.
The first part opened to the public from Bartley to Marymount on May 28, 2009. When finished, the line will connect all MRT lines, and will allow passengers to bypass the downtown area, so that the City Hall and Raffles Place interchange stations will be less crowded. The second part opened to the public from Bartley to Dhoby Ghaut on April 17, 2010 while the remaining parts will be opened in October 8, 2011. Circle Line Extension (CCLe) had been in operation since 14 January 2012.
Stations
References
2009 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in Singapore
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) lines
Albisrieden

Albisrieden is a quarter in district 9 of the city of Zurich in Switzerland. Until 1934 it was a municipality of its own. It was then incorporated into Zurich.
It has 17,226 people and its area is 4.6 km2.
Other websites
Former municipalities of Zurich
Quarters of Zurich
Stanisław Skrowaczewski

Stanislaw Pawel Stefan Jan Sebastian Skrowaczewski (; October 3, 1923 - February 21, 2017) was a Polish-American classical conductor and composer.
Skrowaczewski was born in Lwow (then in Poland, now in Ukraine). Between 1983 and 1992 he was principal conductor of the Halle Orchestra in Manchester. Between 1995 and 1997, Skrowaczewski served as artistic advisor to the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra. He received the Commander Order of the White Eagle.
Skrowaczewski died in Minneapolis, Minnesota on February 21, 2017, aged 93.
References
Other websites
Biography
Interview with Stanislaw Skrowaczewski by Bruce Duffie, June 27, 1987
Seeking the Infinite: The Musical Life of Stanislaw Skrowaczewski by Dr. Frederick Edward Harris Jr., publication date: August 31, 2011.
1923 births
2017 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Polish composers
American composers
American conductors
Writers from Minneapolis
Musicians from Minneapolis
International waters

International waters is a body of water that does not belong to any single country. "International waters" is not a defined term in international law. It is an informal term.
The Convention on the High Seas 1958 defined "high seas" to mean "all parts of the sea that are not included in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State" and "no State may validly... subject any part of them to its sovereignty".
Therefore "high seas" and "international waters" share a basic idea: that no country can own them.
References
Bodies of water
Law of the sea
Peanut butter sandwich

A peanut butter sandwich is a type of sandwich that has peanut butter, but no jelly. Like a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, it has bread. It has 327 calories (fat).
Ingredients
Bread
Peanut butter
Related pages
Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
References
Sandwiches
Mount Carmel, Illinois

Mount Carmel is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
County seats in Illinois
Jimmy Lydon

James J. Lydon (May 30, 1923 - March 9, 2022) was an American actor and television producer. He was known as a teenage actor during the 1930s.
In 1953, he was cast as Murray in the aviation adventure movie Island in the Sky, starring John Wayne. He also played Biffen Cardoza on the last six episodes of Rocky Jones, Space Ranger in 1954 and made appearances in Lux Video Theatre and The Christophers.
Lydon easily appeared roles in television. He played Chris Thayer on The First Hundred Years. The show was CBS' first daytime soap opera. It was performed live for three seasons of 300 episodes.
Lydon died on March 9, 2022 at his home in San Diego, California at the age of 98.
References
1923 births
2022 deaths
American television producers
American movie actors
American stage actors
American child actors
American television actors
Actors from New Jersey
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Heat Waves

"Heat Waves" is a song by English indie rock group Glass Animals, released as a single from their third studio album Dreamland on 29 June 2020. It was released alongside its music video.
A sleeper hit, "Heat Waves" is the group's most successful single ever. In addition to reaching number five on the UK Singles Chart and being a top-five hit in several other European countries, it reached number one in Australia, Canada, Lithuania, Switzerland and the United States, where it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 after a record-breaking 59 weeks on the chart. By September 2021, the song had been played more than one billion times on Spotify. At the 2022 Brit Awards "Heat Waves" was nominated for Best British Single.
References
2020 songs
Simlish

Simlish is a made-up language spoken in the Sims video games. It was created because changing the Sims' words into the players' language would cost a lot of money and would make the Sims say the same words all the time. Simlish is spoken by Sims, the characters in The Sims, The Sims 2, The Sims 3 and The Sims 4. Simlish is a language
Sentences in Simlish
All of these phrases are from The Sims.
Male Sims speaking - "Homina blastima."
Female Sims speaking - "Enama polap."
Child Sims speaking - "Sizzaza Za" and "The sungoos keekaf terweek."
Female Sims playing arcade games - "Itwack, itcack."
Adult Sims speaking on the telephone - "A beboo."
Child Sims getting on a bus - "Yabba doochia."
Adult male Sims saying goodbye - "Mal-Mal."
Written Simlish
Written Simlish is seen on The Sims 2, The Sims 3, and ''The Sims 4''. It looks similar to Zodiac symbols taken from the Wingdings font on a computer. Text such as the names of Sims, hints and tips and on-screen messages are all in the selected language (i.e. English, French, Spanish), and are usually written in the Comic Sans MS font.
Speaking Simlish
References
Other websites
The Sims official website
Fictional languages
National Organization for Women

The National Organization for Women (NOW) is the largest feminist organization in the United States. It was founded by Betty Friedan in 1966. About half a million people are members. It was one of the groups that wanted the Equal Rights Amendment and other ways to make women equal to men.
Presidents
The following women have led the National Organization for Women;
Betty Friedan (1966-1970)
Aileen Hernandez (1970-1971)
Wilma Scott Heide (1971-1974)
Karen DeCrow (1974-1977)
Eleanor Smeal (1977-1982)
Judy Goldsmith (1982-1985)
Eleanor Smeal (1985-1987)
Molly Yard (1987-1991)
Patricia Ireland (1991-2001)
Kim Gandy (2001-2009)
Terry O'Neill (2009-Present)
Opposition to equal rights
The National Organization for Women has opposed tries to make men and women equal in the law. One of the biggest things they have opposed is shared parenting.
Other websites
National Organization for Women, Official website
References
Feminism
1966 establishments in the United States
Human rights organizations in the United States
Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney

Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney is an adventure game made by Capcom for the Nintendo DS handheld. It's about a lawyer who has to defend his clients for murder.
Other websites
Official site
U.S Official site
Court Records, an Ace Attorney series fansite.
Apollo Justice English Demo , playable version of part of the first trial.
Ace Attorney
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
2007 video games
Visual novels
Nintendo 3DS games
IOS games
Android (operating system) games
Cheix-en-Retz

Cheix-en-Retz is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
References
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Ricardinho (footballer, born June 1976)

Ricardo Alexandre dos Santos (born 24 June 1976) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1994||rowspan="8"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="8"|Serie A||2||0||||||||||2||0
|-
|1995||10||0||||||||||10||0
|-
|1996||20||1||||||||||20||1
|-
|1997||21||3||||||||||21||3
|-
|1998||20||1||||||||||20||1
|-
|1999||17||3||||||||||17||3
|-
|2000||21||5||||||||||21||5
|-
|2001||22||3||||||||||22||3
|-
|2002||rowspan="4"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||11||1||1||0||1||0||13||1
|-
|2003||21||4||0||0||3||1||24||5
|-
|2004||11||0||0||0||2||0||13||0
|-
|2005||8||0||0||0||1||0||9||0
|-
|2005||Kashima Antlers||J. League 1||13||0||0||0||0||0||13||0
|-
|2006||Kashiwa Reysol||J. League 2||32||8||0||0||colspan="2"|-||32||8
|-
|2007||Cruzeiro||Serie A||5||0||||||||||5||0
|-
|2007||Corinthians Paulista||Serie A||8||0||||||||||8||0
146||16||||||||||146||16
96||13||1||0||7||1||104||14
242||29||1||0||7||1||250||30
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Topaz (1969 movie)

Topaz is a movie directed by Alfred Hitchcock in 1969. It stars Frederick Stafford, Dany Robin, Karin Dor, John Vernon, Claude Jade, Michel Subor, Michel Piccoli, Philippe Noiret and John Forsythe.
Topaz tells a Cold War espionage story set in 1962, just before the Cuban Missile Crisis.
A Russian defector informs the Americans that Soviet missiles are planned to be stationed in Cuba. Frenchman Andre Devereaux (Frederick Stafford) is tasked with finding out whether there are actually Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba.
Devereaux and his wife Nicole (Dany Robin) accompany their daughter Michele (Claude Jade) and son-in-law Francois Picard (Michel Subor) on their honeymoon to New York. Andre can gain initial insights in New York. These require further research in Cuba. He can collect evidence with the help of the Cuban Juanita (Karin Dor).
Now Andre is supposed to unmask the "Topas" spy ring. His son-in-law Francois and his daughter Michele support him. And his wife Nicole, who was jealous of Juanita, is having an affair with a friend of her husband's, Jacques Granville (Michel Piccoli)...
Other websites
1969 thriller movies
1960s spy movies
American spy movies
American thriller movies
British spy movies
British thriller movies
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Movies set in Cuba
Movies set in Denmark
Movies set in New York City
Universal Pictures movies
Panglao Island

Panglao is a small island in the north Bohol Sea, in the Central Visayas Region of the Visayas island group, in the south-central Philippines.
The island is an important touristic place because of the beaches found here and the presence of coral reefs near the island.
Geography
The island of Panglao has an area of . The island had a population, as of 2010, of 68,051, for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The island is in the northern part of the Bohol Sea (or Mindanao Sea), to the southwest of the island of Bohol and to the east of the island of Cebu. Panglao is separated from the Bohol island by a narrow strait, the Tagbilaran Strait, and two bridges connect the island with the city of Tagbilaran.
There are several smaller islands close to Panglao, such as Gak-ang, Pontod, and Balicasag.
Panglao has a terrain that range from plain, hilly to mountainous, composed by a limestone that is soluble and that causes the formation of caves and sinkholes. One interesting geological feature of the island is the Hinagdanan Cave which has an underground water source; because there no rivers or lakes in the island, the cave is an important water source.
Biodiversity
During the works of the Panglao Marine Biodiversity Project, about 250 new species of crustaceans and 1,500-2,500 new species of mollusks were found in the waters of Panglao and Balicasag. The project found that Panglao alone has more marine biodiversity than Japan and the Mediterranean sea.
Because of this biodiversity, the island was proposed in 2006 as a World Heritage Site by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines.
Administrative divisions
The island of Panglao is within the Bohol province, and is divided into 2 municipalties and 22 barangays (like neighbourhoods).
Related pages
Central Visayas
Bohol island
Bohol province
Notes
References
Other websites
Panglao - Tourism informations
Dauis - Tourism informations
Panglao Island Diving
Islands of the Philippines
Kesarakoni

Kesarakoni is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India.
Related pages
Bellary
Districts of Karnataka
References
Other websites
http://Bellary.nic.in/
Settlements in Karnataka
Villages in India
Hurstbourne, Kentucky

Hurstbourne is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Sylvia Earle

Sylvia Alice Earle (nee Reade; born August 30, 1935) is an American marine biologist, explorer, author, and educator. She is a National Geographic explorer.
Earle was the first female chief scientist of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and was named by Time Magazine as its first Hero for the Planet in 1998.
References
1935 births
Living people
American biologists
Academics from New Jersey
American environmentalists
Scientists from New Jersey
Marine biologists
Reggie and the Full Effect

Reggie and the Full Effect is an American rock band formed in 1998.
References
American musical groups