pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Close-mid front rounded vowel

The close-mid front rounded vowel is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English but is in German, where it is written with o.
Vowels
Alex Dreier

Alex Dreier (June 26, 1916 - March 11, 2000) was an American news reporter and commentator who worked with NBC Radio during the 1940s, and later with the ABC Information Radio network in the 1960s and early '70s. He won 7 Emmy Awards throughout his career.
Dreier was born on June 26, 1916 in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was married to Geraldine Izatt Hogan Penrith. They had no children. Dreier died on March 11, 2001 in Rancho Mirage, California from heart failure, aged 83.
References
Other websites
Reaction of children listening to Alex Dreier during WWII
1916 births
2000 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American radio personalities
Emmy Award winners
People from Honolulu
Stanford University alumni
Gary Austin

Gary Austin (October 18, 1941 - April 1, 2017) was an American improvisational theatre teacher, writer, and director. He wrote two solo shows, "Church" and "Oil," and performed them coast to coast. His most recent show was "Gary Austin in Word And Song". He directed the improvisational group The Groundlings.
Austin was born in Duncan, Oklahoma. He was raised in Dallas, Texas and in Santa Fe Springs, California. He studied at San Francisco State University. was married to Wenndy MacKenzie from 1990 until he died in 2017. They had one son together.
Austin died on April 1, 2017 of cancer in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 75.
References
Other websites
Gary Austin at AND Theatre Company
Gary Austin at The Groundlings
1941 births
2017 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Educators from San Francisco
American entertainers
Writers from Oklahoma
Writers from San Francisco
Writers from Dallas
Educators from Dallas
Naga National Council

The Naga National Council was a political organization of Naga people, active from the late 1940s to the early 1950s. Under the leadership of Angami Zapu Phizo in the 1940s, it unsuccessfully campaigned for the secession of the Naga territory from the Republic of India and creation for a sovereign Naga state.
Separatist movements of India
Nationalist organizations in India
Nagaland
Goldsby, Oklahoma

Goldsby is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Towns in Oklahoma
Joe Pepitone

Joseph Anthony Pepitone (October 9, 1940 - March 13, 2023) was a Major League Baseball first baseman and outfielder. His playing career lasted from 1962 until 1973. He was known for playing for the New York Yankees, Chicago Cubs, Houston Astros and the Atlanta Braves.
Pepitone died at his daughter's home in Kansas City, Missouri on March 13, 2023, at the age of 82.
References
Other websites
Joe Pepitone at Baseball Library
1940 births
2023 deaths
New York Yankees players
Houston Astros players
Chicago Cubs players
Atlanta Braves players
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
Kronstadt rebellion

The Kronstadt rebellion was a left-wing revolt which occurred in Russia from 7-17 March 1921. It was carried out by Communists who did not like the way the Bolsheviks made the Workers' Councils do what the new Russian state, the RSFSR told them to do.
Russian Revolution
1921 in Europe
Rebellions in Europe
20th-century rebellions
March events
Villedaigne

Villedaigne is a commune of 510 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Ely, Cambridgeshire

Ely (; IPA , rhyming with "freely") is a cathedral city in the East Cambridgeshire district of Cambridgeshire in the east of England and north north-east of Cambridge.
Ely has been called a city for a long time because it has a cathedral. However, the Royal Charter making it a city was only issued in 1974. Ely's population was 15,102 in 2001. This means Ely is the third smallest city in England. Only after Wells in Somerset and the City of London which are smaller.
The University of Cambridge rowing team has a boathouse on the bank of the river and train there for the annual Boat Race against the University of Oxford.
The 1944 Boat Race was raced on the River Great Ouse near Ely, the only time it has not been held on the River Thames. The race was won by Oxford despite Cambridge being ahead early in the contest.
Landscape
Ely is built on an clay which is one of the highest points in the Fens. This is very different to the West of Cambridgeshire which is made up of limestone. The river Great Ouse runs through the city, and is one of the longest rivers in the UK with many others flowing into it. The drainage area of the rivers that form the Great Ouse is around 6000 square miles (16,000 square kilometres). This is five times larger than the Fens itself The landscape was a large marsh until the 18th century, when much of the Fens was drained, making Ely no longer an island. Because of this, the ground around the city is very fertile and most of the region is used for farming. The marshes also had many different animals in them such as the Eel, which the city is named after.
Climate
Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties in Britain. It is protected from coastal wind from the east. It gets an average of 24 inches (600mm) of rain per year. Because of this, Cambridgeshire is warm in summer and cold and frosty in winter.
References
Settlements in Cambridgeshire
Cities in England
Víctor Valencia de los Santos

Victor Valencia de los Santos (6 April 1959 - 8 November 2020) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Between 2006 and 2008, he was a deputy in the Chamber of Deputies of Chihuahua. He was born in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua.
Valencia de los Santos died on 8 November 2020 in Mexico City from COVID-19, aged 61.
References
1959 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Mexican politicians
Oval tube station

Oval tube station in Kennington is a station on the Northern line of the London Underground. It is between Stockwell and Kennington stations. It is the only station on the Morden branch of the Northern line whose name begins with a vowel. Oval station is in Travelcard Zone 2. It is named for The Oval, which it serves.
References
Other websites
London Transport Museum Photographic Archive
Northern line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Lambeth
London Travelcard zone 2
Knowledge Graph

The Knowledge Graph (also known as Knowledge Panel) is a feature in the Google search engine. A Knowledge Graph (KG) is a model in which networks and knowledge structures can be mapped. By linking objects that are related to each other, data can be visualized easily and new knowledge can possibly be formed. It gets information from several sources, like the CIA World Factbook, Wikidata, and Wikipedia. It is used to show important information and pictures about a person, group, or subject. The Knowledge Graph was added to Google in 2012. After that, lots of Knowledge Graphs were created. Google says that Knowledge Graphs answer about one third of all Google searches. Some people do not like the Knowledge Graph because it does not cite any sources. Information from the Knowledge Graph is used to answer spoken questions in Google Assistant and Google Home voice queries.
References
Google
Search engines
Coca

Coca is a plant in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to north-western South America. The plant plays a significant role in traditional Andean culture. Coca leaves contain cocaine alkaloids, a basis for the drug cocaine, which is a powerful stimulant. Today the plant has many uses, including traditional use by Andean cultures to flavoring Coca-Cola products to use as an anesthetic.
History
Coca has been cultivated by Andean cultures for thousands of years. Traditionally people would chew the leaf or soak it in hot water to make tea in order to get a small energy boost. Coca was introduced to Europe in the 16th century. After its stimulating effects were described by a European doctor in the 19th century, people began to refine the leaves to get cocaine. As people began to learn more about cocaine it began to be banned in many countries. In 1961 the United Nations classified the coca leaf as a narcotic even though studies had shown the leaf itself was non-addictive. This has led the United States to pressure coca-growing countries such as Peru and Bolivia to stop growing coca entirely. These countries have responded by fighting the 1961 decision, trying to remove the coca plant from the list.
References
Malpighiales
Medicinal plants
Cultivar

A cultivar is a variant of a plant that has been selected for planting and sale because it has certain characteristics. It keeps its traits when it is propagated because they are inherited.
Usually, cultivars are given a name which is not related to their biological taxon. There is a system of naming run by the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (the ICNCP), commonly known as the Cultivated Plant Code.
Related pages
Domestication
Variety (botany)
Botany
Plant taxonomy
Blue Öyster Cult

Blue Oyster Cult is a psychedelic rock band that formed in Long Island, New York in 1971. They have many well-known songs like (Don't Fear) The Reaper, and Burnin' For You.
The group's best known songs are probably: The 1976 single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" from the album Agents of Fortune (featured in the movie Halloween, and in the TV movie The Stand based on Stephen King's novel of the same name, and in the credits of Peter Jackson's 1996 movie The Frighteners) and the 1981 single "Burnin' for You" from the album Fire of Unknown Origin and "Godzilla" (1977).
Lineup
Current members
The current members of the band are:
Eric Bloom (1971-present) - lead vocals, guitar
Buck Dharma (1971-present) - lead guitar, vocals
Richie Castellano (2004-present) - bass, vocals
Jules Rodino (2004-present) - drums
Rudy Sarzo (2008present) Bass guitar
Original members
The original lineup of the band was:
Eric Bloom - lead vocals, stun guitar
Buck Dharma - lead guitar, vocals
Allen Lanier - keyboards, guitar
Joe Bouchard - bass, vocals
Albert Bouchard - drums, vocals
Former Members
The former members of the band are as follows:
Bass
Joe Bouchard (1971-1986)
Jon Rogers (1987-1995)
Greg Smith (1995)
Danny Miranda (1995-2004)
Drums
Albert Bouchard (1971-1981, Feb 1985 - Californian tour)
Rick Downey (1981-1984)
Thommy Price (1985)
Jimmy Wilcox (1985-1987)
Ron Riddle (1987-1991)
Chuck Burgi (1991-1992, 1992-1995, 1996-1997)
John Miceli (1992, 1995 and some dates in 2003)
John O'Reilly (1995-1996)
Bobby Rondinelli (1997-2004)
Keyboards
Tommy Zvonchek (1985-1987)
Kasim Sultan (1998) - also guitar (filled in for Lanier during illness)
Al Pitrelli (1999) - also guitar (filled in for Lanier during illness)
Allen Lanier also guitar.
Discography
1972 Blue Oyster Cult
1973 Tyranny and Mutation
1974 Secret Treaties
1976 Agents of Fortune
1977 Spectres
1979 Mirrors
1980 Cultosaurus Erectus
1981 Fire of Unknown Origin
1983 The Revolution by Night
1985 Club Ninja
1988 Imaginos
1994 Cult Classic
1998 Heaven Forbid
2001 Curse of the Hidden Mirror
References
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
American hard rock bands
Musical groups from New York City
Musical groups established in 1971
1971 establishments in New York (state)
Soerjadi Soedirdja

Soerjadi Soedirdja (11 October 1938 - 3 August 2021) was an Indonesian politician. He was Governor of Jakarta from 1992 to 1997. He was born in Batavia, Dutch East Indies. He was also the Minister of Home Affairs between 1999 until 2001 during the Abdurrahman Wahid presidency.
Soedirdja died on 3 August 2021 in Jakarta, aged 82.
References
1938 births
2021 deaths
Indonesian politicians
Gyorin

Gyorin was a neutral Confucian term developed in Joseon Korea. It is used in historical contexts. The term is used as a descriptive label for diplomatic relations between Korea and all nations except Imperial China during the Joseon period and earlier.
Gyorin describes a foreign policy. It is about Korea's plans for establishing and maintaining good relations with neighboring countries.
History
The long-term, strategic gyorin policy played out in diplomacy and trade dealings with Jurchen, Japan, the Ryukyu Kingdom, Siam and others.
Gyorin was applied to a multi-national foreign policy.
Diplomatic relations with China established a context. At the same time, there were many gyorin contacts which developed independently between Korea and other nations, including
Diplomatic missions form the Ryukyu Kingdom which were received by Taejo of Joseon in 1392, 1394 and 1397.
Diplomatic missions from Siam which were received in Taejo's court in 1393.
Related pages
Sadae
Notes and references
Diplomacy
Korean culture
Hairy-eared dwarf lemur

The hairy-eared dwarf lemur (Allocebus trichotis), is a type of lemur. It is also called the hairy-eared mouse lemur. It is a nocturnal animal. It only lives in Madagascar. It is the only member of the genus Allocebus.
References
Lemuriformes
Mammals of Africa
Ensdorf, Bavaria

Ensdorf is a municipality in Amberg-Sulzbach, a district (Landkreis) in the Upper Palatinate.
References
Amberg-Sulzbach
Fayet, Aisne

Fayet, Aisne is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France. They also have many dairy farms in which they create some of the finer cheeses.
Communes in Aisne
Heart of Glass (movie)

Heart of Glass () is a 1976 West German drama movie directed by Werner Herzog and starring Josef Bierbichler, Stefan Guttler, Clemens Scheitz, Sonja Skiba. It was distributed by Werner Herzog Filmproduktion.
Other websites
1976 drama movies
German drama movies
German-language movies
Movies directed by Werner Herzog
Brigade of Gurkhas

The Brigade of Gurkhas are a specialised unit in the British Army. Members of the Brigade are recruited from Nepal to fight for the British Army. The brigade includes 2 infantry battalions, 1 engineer regiment, 1 communications regiment, 1 logistics regiment and 1 support regiment. As of 1st January 2023, the regiment was made up of 4,060 people. Gurkhas carry a Kukri for both tradition and combat and as a result it features on the cap badges of the brigade.
References
British Army
Presidential system

A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, with the title of president, is in charge of an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separation of powers. This head of government is in most cases also the head of state.
The first true presidential system was created during the United States Constitutional Convention in 1787.
References
Forms of government
Ingvar Kjellson

Ingvar Kjellson (20 May 1923 - 18 December 2014) was a Swedish stage and movie actor. Kjellson was born in Karna, Ostergotland County. He was known for his roles in Hedda Gabler, The Wild Duck, The Beggars' Opera and Twelfth Night.
Kjellson died at the age of 91 from pneumonia on 18 December 2014 in Stockholm, Sweden.
References
Other websites
Ingvar Kjellson , at Dramaten
1923 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in Sweden
Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors
Swedish stage actors
Galina Bob

Galina Dmitriyevna Bob (; born 4 November 1984) is a Russian movie, television and theatre actress. She is most famous for role of Maria "Bobylych" Bobylkina in the comedy television series Deffchonki, which she has been playing since 2012.
References
1984 births
Living people
Russian actors
Benidorm Fest

The Benidorm Fest is an annual Spanish song competition broadcast by Radiotelevision Espanola in collaboration with the Generalitat Valenciana. It is hosted in Benidorm and the winner goes on to represent Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest. It is based on the Benidorm International Song Festival.
Overview
The contest consists of two semi-finals, in which a number of candidates - soloists, duos, trios or groups - perform their songs live. Four entries from each semi-final progress into the finale, where the finalists perform again.
Voting
Points are given to each entry depending on how it ranked in three different votes. The votes are:
Expert jury (50%) - heads of delegation, artists, musicians and industry experts
Demoscopic panel (25%) - a statistically-selected sample of the Spanish population.
Public voting (25%) - via telephone and SMS
Winners
Benidorm Fest 2022
The Benidorm Fest 2022 was held between 26 and 29 January 2022. It was presented by Alaska, Ines Hernand and Maxim Huerta. Fourteen entries took part, seven in each semi-final and eight in the final.
Contestants
Benidorm Fest 2023
The show was held between 31 January and 4 February 2023, and was hosted by Monica Naranjo, Ines Hernand and Rodrigo Vazquez. There were nine entries in each semi-final, which then became eight finalists.
Music competitions
Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment

Warner-AmEx Satellite Entertainment was a media company is formed in New York City in 1974 as a joint venture between Time Warner and American Express to produce television networks including MTV, Nickelodeon, Showtime, and The Movie Channel. In 1983, it was sold to Viacom and Showtime and The Movie Channel merged to form Showtime/The Movie Channel and in 1985 it was sold again to Viacom and renamed MTV Networks.
1974 establishments in the United States
1983 disestablishments in the United States
1985 disestablishments in the United States
1987 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States
Viacom
Time Warner
Washburn, Maine

Washburn is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Phyllis George

Phyllis Ann George (June 25, 1949 - May 14, 2020) was an American businesswoman, former sportscaster and former Miss America. She was Miss America 1971. From 1979 to 1983 she was the First Lady of the U.S. state of Kentucky.
In August 1971, George traveled to Vietnam with several other contestants from the Miss America 1971 pageant. George and the other contestants participated in a 22-day United Service Organizations tour for American troops there.
In 1985, CBS chose George to be the permanent presenter for its morning news program, CBS Morning News. She interviewed a number of news makers, including then-First Lady Nancy Reagan.
In 2003, George created the company Phyllis George Beauty. The company markets a line of cosmetics and skincare products through the television network the Home Shopping Network. She appeared in the comedy movie Meet the Fockers.
George was born in Denton, Texas. She died of problems caused by a blood cancer in Lexington, Kentucky on May 14, 2020 at the age of 70.
References
Miss America winners
Models from Texas
American movie actors
Actors from Texas
Actors from Kentucky
Businesspeople from Kentucky
American sports commentators
American television news anchors
Businesspeople from Texas
1949 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from blood cancer
People from Denton, Texas
Titus Salt

Sir Titus Salt, first baronet (20 September 1803 - 29 December 1876), was born in Morley near Leeds. He was a manufacturer, politician and a phillanthropist in Bradford, West Yorkshire.
His father Daniel Salt was a dry salter and then he decided to become a farmer. His mother died when he was quite young. Titus Salt had 11 children.
Career
After working as a woolen stapler for two years at a mill near Wakefield he became his fathers business partner-Daniel Salt and son. The company used Russian Donskio wool, which was widely used in the woollens trade, but not in worsted cloth. Titus visited the millers in Bradford.
After working for two years as a wool-stapler in Wakefield he became his father's partner in the business of Daniel Salt and Son. He set up as a spinner and manufacturer.
In 1836, Titus came upon some bales of Alpaca wool in a warehouse in Liverpool and, after taking some samples away to experiment, came back and bought the consignment. Though he was not the first in England to work with the fibre, he was the creator of the lustrous and subsequently fashionable cloth called 'alpaca'. (The discovery was described by Charles Dickens in slightly fictionalised form in Household Words).
In 1833 he took over his father's business and within twenty years had expanded it to be the largest employer in Bradford. In 1848 Titus Salt became mayor of Bradford. Smoke and pollution came from mills and factory chimneys. Salt tried unsuccessfully to clean up the pollution using a device called the Rodda Smoke Burner.
Around 1850, he decided to build a mill large enough to consolidate his textile manufacture in one place, but he "did not like to be a party to increasing that already over-crowded borough". So he bought land three miles from the town in Shipley next to the River Aire, the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the Midland Railway and began building in 1851. He opened it with a grand banquet on his 50th birthday, 20 September 1853, and set about building houses, bathhouses, an institute, hospital, almshouses and churches, that make up the model village of Saltaire. He built the Congregational Church which is now Saltaire United Reformed Church, at his own expense in 1858-59, and donated the land on which the Wesleyan Chapel was built.
References
1803 births
1876 deaths
People from Bradford
British chief executives
Dakota County, Minnesota

Dakota County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 439,882 people lived there. The county seat is Hastings.
References
1849 establishments in Minnesota Territory
Minnesota counties
Amo Houghton

Amory "Amo" Houghton, Jr. (August 7, 1926 - March 4, 2020) was an American politician and businessman from the U.S. state of New York. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives serving from 1987 through 2005. He was a member of one of upstate New York's most well known families in business, the Houghton family. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Houghton was born in Corning, New York. He studied at Harvard University. He was married to Priscilla Dewey until her death in 2012. Houghton died on March 4, 2020 in Corning at the age of 93.
References
Other websites
Joyce K. Mcintyre, Harvard Crimson, New York State of Mind: After Running Family Business, Amory Houghton Serves as Renegade U.S. Representative, June 5, 2000
Jeffrey Smith, The Evening Tribune (Hornell, N.Y.), Wife of Former Congressman Amo Houghton Dies , July 10, 2012
1926 births
2020 deaths
United States representatives from New York (state)
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Doping in sport

In sport, doping is the use of a drug that athletes or competitors are not allowed to use. Certain drugs, such as steroids, are not allowed (or banned) in professional sports. This is because they can help a competitor's performance, by making them stronger or faster. This gives them an unfair advantage over other competitors. The drugs may be legal, but competitors will not be allowed to use them. Many sports make competitors take a drug test to prove that they are not using any drugs.
Related pages
Blood doping
List of chemicals in doping cases in sport
List of doping cases in athletics
List of doping cases in sport
Ahlefeld

Ahlefeld is a former municipality of the district Rendsburg-Eckernforde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. On 1 March 2008, it was merged with Bistensee to form the new municipality of Ahlefeld-Bistensee.
Former municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
White-tailed eagle

The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) -- also called the sea eagle, erne, and white-tailed sea-eagle -- is a large bird of prey.
It is in the family Accipitridae, which includes other raptors, such as hawks and kites. It is a close cousin of the bald eagle, but it lives in Eurasia.
Description
The white-tailed eagle is a very large bird. It measures in length with a wingspan. The wingspan averages about 7 feet. This is the largest of any eagle.
References
Birds of Europe
Birds of Asia
Accipitriformes
National symbols of Poland
Tom Carper

Thomas Richard "Tom" Carper (born January 23, 1947) is the senior United States Senator from Delaware, serving since 2001.
A member of the Democratic Party, Carper served in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 1993 and was the 71st Governor of Delaware from 1993 to 2001.
In May 2023, Carper announced that he would not run for re-election in the 2024 election.
References
Other websites
Senator Tom Carper official U.S. Senate site
Tom Carper for Senate
Profile at Delaware's Governors
Profile at The Political Graveyard
Board member profile at Jobs for America's Graduates
Military profile at Experiencing War, Library of Congress
1947 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Governors of Delaware
United States representatives from Delaware
United States senators from Delaware
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Military people from West Virginia
The Pride of the Yankees

The Pride of the Yankees is a 1942 American biographical drama movie directed by Sam Wood and starring Gary Cooper, Teresa Wright, Walter Brennan, Babe Ruth, Bill Dickey, Dan Duryea, Pierre Watkin, Hardie Albright, Addison Richards, Edward Fielding. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures and was nominated for 11 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1943.
References
Other websites
1942 drama movies
1940s biographical movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Sam Wood
The Mummy Returns

The Mummy Returns is a 2001 American fantasy adventure horror movie. It is a sequel to 1999's The Mummy.
Cast
Brendan Fraser as Richard "Rick" O'Connell
Rachel Weisz as Evelyn O'Connell / Nefertiri
John Hannah as Jonathan Carnahan
Arnold Vosloo as High Priest Imhotep
Oded Fehr as Ardeth Bey
Patricia Velasquez as Meela Nais / Anck-Su-Namun
Dwayne Johnson as The Scorpion King
Jonathan Hyde as Dr. Allen Chamberlain
References
Other websites
Official site
2001 adventure movies
2001 fantasy movies
2001 horror movies
American adventure movies
2000s American fantasy movies
American horror movies
Movies directed by Stephen Sommers
Movies set in Egypt
Movies set in deserts
Movies set in the 1930s
Multilingual movies
The Mummy
Universal Pictures movies
Screenplays by Stephen Sommers
Movies composed by Alan Silvestri
2000s monster movies
Rustum Ghazaleh

Rustum Ghazaleh () also transl. from Arabic as Rostom Ghazale, Rustom Ghazalah, Rustom Ghazali; 3 May 1953 - 24 April 2015) was a Syrian military and intelligence officer. On 24 July 2012, Ghazaleh was appointed chief of political security.
References
1953 births
2015 deaths
Syrian generals
Literature

Literature is a group of works of art that are made of words. Most are written, but some are shared by word of mouth. Literature usually means a work of poetry, theatre or narrative. There are many different kinds of literature, such as poetry, plays, or novels. They can also be put into groups by their language, historical time, place of origin, genre, and subject. The word "literature" comes from the Latin word "literatura," which means "writing formed with letters."
Most of the earliest works were epic poems. Epic poems are long stories or myths about adventures, such as the Epic of Gilgamesh from ancient Mesopotamia. Ramayana and Mahabharta, two Indian epics, are still read today. The Iliad and Odyssey are two famous Greek poems by Homer. They were shared over time through speaking and memory and were written down around the 9th or 8th century BCE.
Literature can also mean imaginative or creative writing, which is read for its artistic value.
Related pages
English literature
French literature
Italian literature
German literature
Japanese literature
American literature
Spanish literature
Modernist literature
References
Maurice Bidermann

Maurice Bidermann, real name Maurice Zylberberg, (4 April 1932 - 30 March 2020) was a Belgian-born French businessman. His company worked in the textile sector. He was a Knight of the French National Order of Merit in 1991. Bidermann was born in Anderlecht, Belgium. Bidermann was sentenced to three years in prison, two suspended, and fined one million euros.
Bidermann died on 30 March 2020 of COVID-19 in Paris.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
French businesspeople
Belgian businesspeople
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
Tomioka, Fukushima

is a Japanese town in Fukushima Prefecture on the island of Honshu.
History
Tomioka is close to Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The town is inside the 20 km exclusion zone which was created after the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011. Animals still live in the Tomioka "no-go zone".
The Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant is partly in Tomioka. The town government has moved temporarily to Koriyama since 17 March 2011.
Gallery
Related pages
Futaba, Fukushima
Kawauchi, Fukushima
Namie, Fukushima
Okuma, Fukushima
Tamura, Fukushima
References
Towns in Fukushima Prefecture
Pomy, Switzerland

Pomy is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Vaud
University of Indianapolis

The University of Indianapolis (UIndy) is a private university working together with the United Methodist Church in Indianapolis, Indiana. It has Associate, Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctoral degrees. It was made in 1902 as Indiana Central University and was changed and more known as Indiana Central College from 1921 to 1975. The name was changed to University of Indianapolis in 1986.
References
Colleges and universities in Indiana
Indianapolis
Charles Michel de Langlade

Charles Michel Mouet de Langlade (9 May 1729 - after 26 July 1801) was a fur trader and war chief in the Great Lakes. His mother was Ottawa and his father was French Canadian. He was fluent in Ottawa and French. At different times, he was allied with the French, British and Americans. He is famous for leading a raid against the village Pickawillany. He destroyed the Miami town. He defended Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh) against the British during the French and Indian War. After the French lost, he allied with the British. He led Natives against Americans colonies during the American Revolution. He is known as the "father of Wisconsin".
References
1729 births
1801 deaths
Native American people
Canadian people
First Nations people
ITA Airways

ITA Airways is an Italian airline and the flag carrier of that country. The airline is expected to take over the assets and routes of the former Italian flag carrier, Alitalia. ITA belongs to the SkyTeam alliance.
On September 30, 2021, ITA announced that the airline will work with Airbus as a "strategic partner" with the airline, this included the announcements of the future of the ITA fleet. The airline also announced a memorandum with Airbus for the purchase of 10 Airbus A330neo aircraft, 7 Airbus A220 and 11 Airbus A320neo, a total of 28 new aircraft; along with an agreement with Air Lease Corporation for the lease of an additional 31 new Airbus aircraft (this includes the lease of the Airbus A350-900).
References
Airlines of Italy
Roscoe Arbuckle

Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle (March 24, 1887 - June 29, 1933) was an American silent movie actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter. He helped Charlie Chaplin become an actor. He discovered Buster Keaton and Bob Hope.
Arbuckle was one of the most popular silent stars of the 1910s. He soon became one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood. He once signed a contract in 1921 with Paramount Pictures for US$1 million.
Arbuckle was accused of three counts of rape and for murdering actress Virginia Rappe. Arbuckle was later found not guilty and the jury gave Arbuckle a formal apology.
Arbuckle died in his sleep of a heart attack in 1933 at age 46.
References
Other websites
Crime Library on Roscoe Arbuckle
Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle Photos
Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle website: CallMeFatty.com
Contemporary press articles pertaining to Arbuckle
Literature on Roscoe Arbuckle
Banned Film Resurfaces 90 Years After San Francisco Scandal at sfgate.com
1887 births
1933 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American silent movie actors
American movie directors
American screenwriters
Comedians from Kansas
Actors from Kansas
Milow, Germany

Milow is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Districts
Milow has six districts (Ortsteil):
Deibow
Gornitz
Kastorf
Krinitz
Milow
Semmerin
References
Néstor Gorosito

Nestor Gorosito (born 14 April 1964) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1983||rowspan="7"|River Plate||rowspan="7"|Primera Division||7||0
|-
|1984||9||0
|-
|1985||10||0
|-
|1985/86||31||2
|-
|1986/87||32||5
|-
|1987/88||16||0
|-
|1988/89||4||1
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="2"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="2"|Primera Division||37||21
|-
|1989/90||6||4
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|Swarovski Tirol||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||||
|-
|1990/91||||
|-
|1991/92||||
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="3"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="3"|Primera Division||14||1
|-
|1992/93||34||6
|-
|1993/94||19||4
|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Universidad Catolica||rowspan="2"|Primera Division||30||7
|-
|1995||28||5
|-
|1996||Yokohama Marinos||J. League 1||6||3
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="3"|Primera Division||31||7
|-
|1997/98||36||8
|-
|1998/99||32||14
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Universidad Catolica||rowspan="2"|Primera Division||29||1
|-
|2000||10||0
318||73
||
97||13
6||3
421||89
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1989||5||0
|-
|1990||2||0
|-
|1991||0||0
|-
|1992||2||0
|-
|1993||8||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||2||1
|-
!Total||19||1
|}
References
1964 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Argentine football managers
Club Atletico River Plate managers
San Lorenzo de Almagro managers
Hita, Ōita

is a Japanese city in Oita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.
History
Hita was a castle town in the Edo period.
References
Other websites
Hita City website
Cities in Kyushu
Settlements in Oita Prefecture
Jeff Bell

Jeffrey Leonard Bell (December 13, 1943 - February 10, 2018) was an American Republican Party politician, political consultant, author and former presidential speechwriter for President Ronald Reagan.
Bell was the Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate from New Jersey in 1978, was a candidate for the Republican nomination for the Senate in 1982, and was the nominee against Democratic incumbent Cory Booker in 2014.
Bell was born in Washington, D.C.. He studied at Columbia University. Bell died in Leonia, New Jersey on February 10, 2018 of a suspected heart attack at the age of 74.
References
Other websites
Biographical information for Jeffrey Bell from The Political Graveyard
1943 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Politicians from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Ralph Bryans

Ralph Bryans (7 March 1941 - 6 August 2014) was a Northern Irish Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. In 1965, he won the 50 cc World Championship aboard a factory-sponsored Honda. He was born in Belfast.
After a short illness, Bryans died at his home in Scotland on 6 August 2014, aged 72.
References
1941 births
2014 deaths
British motorcycle racers
Sportspeople from Belfast
The Cherry Drops

The Cherry Drops is an American Power pop and Garage rock band that was formed in 2011 in Jacksonville, Florida. Band was founded by Vern Shank and Josh Cobb. It currently consists of lead singer Vern Shank, along with Josh Cobb, Jamie Markowski, and Jimmy Mason.
History
The band drew inspiration from 1960s and 1970s bands like Strawberry Alarm Clock, The Lemon Pipers, and Raspberries. They initially started by playing covers of first-generation garage rock songs, including popular tracks like "Little Girl" by the Syndicate Of Sound, "I Wanna Be With You" by Raspberries, and "Wig-Wam Bam" by The Sweet.
The band released their debut album, "Everything's Groovy," featuring original songs like "Pop, Pop ('Til You Drop)," "Outta Sight," and "Love Is A Groovy Thing," among others. Their music caught the attention of musician Van Zandt, and two of their songs, "Outta' Sight" and "Far Out," were featured on Little Steven's Underground Garage radio show.
Notable Additional Players
Tony Valentino
The Mighty Manfred
Steve Boone
Ron Dante
Dennis Tufano
Mark Dawson
Gary DeCarlo
Albums
Everything's Groovy
Life Is a Bowl of Cherry Drops
Good to the Last Drop
Singles
Grooviest Girl in the World
References
Other websites
Official Website
The Cherry Drops on Youtube
The Cherry Drops Facebook Page
The Cherry Drops Discogs profile
Daniel Johnston

Daniel Johnston (January 22, 1961 - September 11, 2019) was an American songwriter, singer, and artist who lived in Texas. Johnston has bipolar disorder. The movie The Devil and Daniel Johnston is about his life and music career.
Born in Sacramento, California, Johnston grew up in West Virginia in a Christian family. He became a Beatles fan when he was young, then went off to college but did not finish. He moved to Texas to live with his brother, and ended up joining a circus. He left the circus after another worker beat him up for taking too long in a restroom, and found a church in Austin, Texas that helped him find somewhere to live. Johnston's religious beliefs are mentioned in many of his songs, especially on his CD 1990.
Johnston's music career started in Austin in the 1980s. He made cassette tapes of songs he performed on a chord organ and gave many of them out for free to people he met. He started playing concerts and became very popular with music fans in Texas. Johnston appeared on MTV, and became even more popular when Nirvana singer Kurt Cobain wore a T-shirt with the cover art of one of Johnston's CDs.
Johnston released one CD on Atlantic Records, a major record label (a big company that helps make CDs and sells them around the world) called Fun in 1994. However, he was not able to make any more CDs with Atlantic Records because not enough people bought Fun. However, Johnston still writes songs, and his drawings appear on the covers of his CDs. His latest CD is Is and Always Was, which came out in 2009.
In 2010, movie director David Miller announced that he was writing the script for a new movie about Johnston that would be very different from The Devil and Daniel Johnston.
Johnston died of a suspected heart attack at his home in Waller, Texas on September 11, 2019. He was 58.
Albums released on CD
Yip/Jump Music (1983)
Hi, How Are You (1983)
Continued Story with Texas Instruments (1985)
A Texas Trip (1987)
1990 (1990)
Artistic Vice (1991)
Fun (1994)
Why Me? (2000)
Rejected Unknown (2001)
Fear Yourself (2003)
Freak Brain (2005)
Lost and Found (2006)
Is and Always Was (2009)
Other websites
Johnston's official website
References
American rock musicians
American rock singers
Singers from Sacramento, California
Singers from West Virginia
Musicians from California
Musicians from Texas
Musicians from West Virginia
Writers from Sacramento, California
People with bipolar disorder
Writers from Texas
Writers from West Virginia
Singers from Texas
Deaths from myocardial infarction
1961 births
2019 deaths
Igor Smirnov

Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov (, tr. Igor' Nikolayevich Smirnov; ; born 23 October 1941) is a Transnistrian politician. He was the first president (1991-2011) of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic. He supported Transnistria becoming part of Russia.
References
1941 births
Living people
Presidents of Transnistria
Ixelles Ponds

The Ixelles Ponds () or Elsene Ponds () are two ponds in the Brussels municipality of Ixelles. They are between the Abbey of La Cambre and Flagey Square.
With the surrounding park, the Ixelles Ponds reach from the Sonian Forest to the center of Brussels. The ponds are a very popular place for local residents. However, the water is polluted and signs are all around the ponds. The total lengths are 700 metres (2,200 feet), and widths are 50 metres (170 feet). The ponds are separated by land.
Other websites
Visitbrussels page about the ponds
Description of the ponds on the Belgian Tourism website
Ponds
Geography of Belgium
Brussels-Capital Region
Tooth Fairy (2010 movie)

Tooth Fairy is a 2010 American Canadian fantasy-comedy movie directed by Michael Lembeck and starring Dwayne Johnson, Ashley Judd, Julie Andrews, Stephen Merchant, Ryan Sheckler, Billy Crystal. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Release date
USA - January 22, 2010
UK - May 28, 2010 & February 8, 2013 (re-release)
Egypt - November 21, 2012
Other websites
2010 comedy movies
2010 fantasy movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
Canadian fantasy movies
Canadian comedy movies
Movies directed by Michael Lembeck
20th Century Fox movies
Hayal Pass

Hayal Pass (el. 4600 m.) is a high mountain pass to the north of Shani Peak in Naltar Valley, Pakistan. The pass lies in the west of Naltar Pass.
Mountain passes of Pakistan
Suchitra Bhattacharya

Suchitra Bhattacharya (10 January 1950 - 12 May 2015) was an Indian novelist. Over the past two decades, Suchitra had written about 24 novels and a large number of short stories in different leading Bengali literary magazines.
Bhattacharya died on 12 May 2015 from cardiac arrest at her home in Dhakuria, Kolkata, aged 65.
References
1950 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Indian writers
Bardiya National Park

The Bardiya National Park () is a national park in Nepal. In 1988, area was changed into this national park. Most of the part of this national park is covered by forest.
About 53 mammals which includes rhinoceros, wild elephant, Bengal tiger, swamp deer, and Gangetic dolphin live in this national park. It is also home to many species of birds and reptiles.
References
Other websites
National parks of Nepal
Aullville, Missouri

Aullville is a village in Lafayette County, Missouri, United States. In 2010, 100 people lived there.
Villages in Missouri
YNW Melly

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Jamell Maurice Demons (born May 1, 1999), better known as YNW Melly, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter. He was born in Gifford, Florida. He was best known for his songs "Murder on My Mind" and "Mixed Personalities" featuring Kanye West. He released his album, We All Shine, in January 2019.
In February 2019, Demons was charged with two counts of first-degree murder relating to a shooting that took place in October 2018. Jury selection for his trial took place on April 11, 2023. It will take place sometime in June 2023.
In April 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Demons tested positive for Covid-19 but was denied.
References
Other website
Official website
1999 births
Living people
African-American singers
Trap musicians
Rappers from Florida
Singers from Florida
American prisoners
American songwriters
Atlantic Records artists
Gangsta rappers
Pseudonyms
Rhêmes-Notre-Dame

Rhemes-Notre-Dame is a comune in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Valle d'Aosta
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat

Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat is a musical. It is based on a story from the Bible. The title character is Joseph, one of the twelve sons of the patriarch Jacob.
The lyrics were written by Tim Rice. The music was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber. It was first performed in England, on the West End in 1970, and in the USA on Broadway, New York City, in 1982.
1970s musicals
Musicals by Tim Rice
Musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber
1970 works
Baalveer 3

Baalveer 3 is a Indian fantasy television series. It premiered on 18 March 2023 on Sony SAB. It was produced by Vipul D. Shah under Optimystix Entertainment.
Cast
The series stars Dev Joshi and Aditi Sanwal.
Dev Joshi as Baal Veer
Aditi Sanwal as Kaashvi
Production
The series was announced on Sony SAB by Optimystix Entertainment. The shooting of the series started in February 2023, Dev Joshi as Baal Veer and Aditi Sanwal as Kaashvi were signed as the lead. The promo featuring Dev Joshi was released on February 2023.
References
Other websites
Baalveer S3 on SonyLIV
2023 Indian television series debuts
2020s Indian television series
Fantasy television series
Lincoln County, Missouri

Lincoln County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Troy. In 2020, 59,574 people lived there.
References
1818 establishments in Missouri Territory
Missouri counties
Saint-Ennemond

Saint-Ennemond is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Eunice Gayson

Eunice Gayson (17 March 1928, Croydon, Surrey - 8 June 2018) was an English actress. She was best known for playing Sylvia Trench, James Bond's girlfriend in the first two Bond movies (Dr. No and From Russia with Love). She was the first official Bond girl. Gayson was going to be cast as Miss Moneypenny, but that part went to Lois Maxwell instead.
Gayson died on 8 June 2018 in London, aged 90.
References
Other websites
Official website of Eunice Gayson
1928 births
2018 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
Actors from Surrey
Actresses who played Bond girls
FIFA 23

FIFA 23 is a 2022 association football simulation video game in Electronic Arts' FIFA series created by EA Vancouver and published by Electronic Arts. It was released for the Playstation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X and Series S, Nintendo Switch, Google Stadia and Microsoft Windows.
2022 video games
FIFA
Sports video games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 5 games
Xbox One games
Xbox Series X and Series S games
Nintendo Switch games
Windows games
FIFA video games
Yves Martin

Yves Martin (22 November 1929 - 23 February 2021) was a Canadian sociologist. He was the rector at the Universite de Sherbrooke and was one of the founders of the Institut de recherche Robert-Sauve en sante et en securite du travail.
Martin died on 23 February 2021 at the age of 91.
References
1929 births
2021 deaths
Canadian academics
Sociologists
People from Quebec
UNB (group)

UNB (Hangul: yuaenbi) is a South Korean boy band formed through the KBS reality show, The Unit. There are nine members in this group and they officially debut on 7 April 2018 with Boyhood mini album.
Members
Discography
Mini album
2018: Boyhood
References
Other websites
(Japan)
Social media: (Korea) (Japan) (Korea) (Japan)
Official pages:
YouTube playlists: KoreaJapan
Music pages:
K-pop music groups
South Korean boy bands
2018 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in South Korea
Electoral district of Morphett

Morphett is an electoral district of South Australia. It was created in 1977.
Morphett is in Adelaide.
Election results
References
Morphett