pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Westvoorne

Westvoorne is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2022, 14,960 people lived there.
On 1 January 2023, it was merged with the former municipalities of Brielle and Hellevoetsluis to form the new municipality of Voorne aan Zee.
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Voorne and Zee
List of cities in Denmark

This is a list of cities in Denmark.
1 = All cities with a population of 20,000 or more.
2 = Olstykke-Stenlose is a new city, created by conurbation between Olstykke and Stenlose on 2010-01-01.
3 = The city Horsholm is a part of several municipalities.
a = Part of the Urban Copenhagen (da: Hovedstadsomradet).
b = Part of the Aalborg urban area.
References
Denmark
Denmark
city
Saint-Genis, Hautes-Alpes

Saint-Genis is a former commune in the Hautes-Alpes department. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Garde-Colombe.
References
Former communes in Hautes-Alpes
Visalia, California

Visalia ( ) is a city in the agricultural San Joaquin Valley of California. The city is the county seat of Tulare County.
Visalia is about southeast of San Francisco, north of Los Angeles, west of Sequoia National Park and south of Fresno. The population was 141,384 at the 2020 census.
References
Cities in California
County seats in California
Settlements in Tulare County, California
Alpamysh

Alpamysh, also spelled as Alpamish or Alpamis, is a Turkic epic poem. It is one of the most notable examples of Turkic oral literature.
References
Epic poems
Turkish culture
Eric Cunningham

Eric Gordon Cunningham (April 14, 1949 - January 1, 2015) was a Canadian politician. He was a Liberal Ontario MPP for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1975 until 1984.
Cunningham was born in Hamilton, Ontario. Aside from politics, he was an advertising executive.
Cunningham died in his sleep on January 1, 2015 in Huntsville, Ontario, aged 65.
References
Other websites
Eric Cunningham at the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
1949 births
2015 deaths
Canadian businesspeople
People from Hamilton
Politicians from Ontario
Carlo Strenger

Carlo Strenger (; July 16, 1958 - October 25, 2019) was a Swiss-Israeli psychologist, philosopher, existential psychoanalyst and public intellectual. He was professor of psychology and philosophy at Tel Aviv University. He was a senior research fellow at the Center for the Study of Terrorism at John Jay College. He was a columnist for Haaretz and for Neue Zurcher Zeitung.
References
1958 births
2019 deaths
Israeli psychologists
Swiss psychologists
Israeli philosophers
Beast of the Yellow Night

Beast of the Yellow Night is a 1971 Filipino American horror movie directed by Eddie Romero and John Ashley, Mary Charlotte Wilcox, Leopoldo Salcedo, Eddie Garcia, Andreas Centenera, Joonee Gamboa, Vic Diaz.
Other websites
1971 horror movies
Filipino movies
American horror movies
Movies directed by Eddie Romero
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. It is a relatively new field of study that seeks to understand the behavior of complex systems, such as living organisms, fluids, and gases, which are constantly changing and evolving over time.
In traditional thermodynamics, the focus is on systems that are in thermal equilibrium, meaning that they are at a uniform temperature throughout and there is no net heat flow. However, many real-world systems are not in thermal equilibrium, and this is where non-equilibrium thermodynamics comes into play.
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is concerned with the flow of energy and matter through systems that are not in thermal equilibrium. It aims to understand how these systems behave and how they can be manipulated to achieve specific outcomes. Some of the key concepts in non-equilibrium thermodynamics include entropy production, irreversible processes, and dissipative structures.
Entropy production is a measure of the rate at which disorder increases in a system. In a system that is not in thermal equilibrium, entropy production is always positive, meaning that the system is becoming more disordered over time. Irreversible processes are processes that cannot be reversed, meaning that they lead to a permanent change in the system. Dissipative structures are complex systems that are able to maintain their organization and structure, despite the constant flow of energy and matter through them.
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics has many practical applications, particularly in the fields of biology, chemistry, and engineering. For example, it is used to study the behavior of living organisms, such as the way in which cells maintain their structure and function, and the way in which biological systems evolve over time. It is also used to understand the behavior of materials and fluids under different conditions, such as in the development of new materials and the design of more efficient energy systems.
In summary, non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a fascinating field of study that seeks to understand the behavior of complex systems that are not in thermal equilibrium. It has many practical applications in a variety of fields, and it continues to be an area of active research and development. As we continue to explore the complex behavior of non-equilibrium systems, we are sure to discover many new and exciting phenomena that will help us to better understand the world around us.
Thermodynamics
422

422 (CDXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Events
Roman Empire
End of the Roman-Sassanid War: Emperor Theodosius II signs a 100-year peace treaty with Persia after 2 years of war. Both give freedom of religion in their territories.
March 3 - Theodosius II issues a law to form provisions in peacetime. Theodosius pays an annual tribute of 350 pounds of gold to the Huns to buy peace.
Theodosius II receives a statue at Hebdomon. On its base (fragments are now in the Istanbul Archaeology Museum), writing praises him as "everywhere and forever victorius."
The walls of Rome's Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum) crack during an earthquake.
Europe
The Roman army invade Gaul. They capture and execute the Frankish king Theudemeres with his family.
Asia
Shao Di, age 16, eldest son of Wu Di succeeds his father as emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty (China).
By topic
Art
Petrus, bishop of Illyria, starts construction of Church of Santa Sabina (approximate date).
Religion
September 4 - Pope Boniface I dies after a 4-year reign. His time was interrupted for 15 weeks by the faction of the antipope Eulalius. He is succeeded by Celestine I as the 43rd pope.
Births
Casper, ruler of the Maya city of Palenque
Genevieve, patron saint (approximate date)
Licinia Eudoxia, Roman empress (d. 462)
Deaths
Abraham of Cyrrhus, Syrian hermit and bishop
Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk and traveler (approximate date)
September 4 - Pope Boniface I
Theudemeres, king of the Franks (approximate date)
Wu Di, emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty (b. 363)
References
420s
Arabian wolf

The Arabian wolf (Canis lupus arabs) is a subspecies of grey wolf. It was once found throughout the Arabian Peninsula, but now only lives in small areas in Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Iraq, and southern Israel, Jordan and the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.
Wolves
Mammals of Asia
Securitas depot robbery

The Securitas depot robbery was the largest cash robbery in British history. It took place on 21-22 February 2006. Several men kidnapped and threatened the family of the manager, tied up 14 staff members and stole over PS53 million in banknotes from a Securitas depot in Tonbridge, Kent, England.
References
2006 crimes
2006 in the United Kingdom
2000s crimes in the United Kingdom
2000s in England
Crime in England
February 2006 events
Kent
Kidnapping
Robberies
Experimental physics

Experimental physics is a type of physics which is based around observations of experiments.
Other websites
Physics experiments
Giorgi Ugulava

Giorgi "Gigi" Ugulava (; born 15 August 1975) is a Georgian politician. He was Mayor of Tbilisi (2005-2013). He was one of the leader of the United National Movement (UNM) party. Since 2017 he is one of the leaders of European Georgia.
Mayor of Tbilisi
He was first eleted Mayor of Tbilisi.
References
1975 births
Writers from Georgia (country)
Mayors
Journalists from Georgia (country)
Politicians from Tbilisi
Living people
Water politics

Water politics are the politics related to whether people have enough fresh drinking water (see water scarcity). There is less fresh water available for many reasons. One reason is that some industries use huge amounts of water. Another problem is water pollution, which occurs when dangerous chemicals or human waste gets into the water. Currently, 40% of the people in the world do not have enough fresh water. More than 2.2 million people died in 2000 from diseases that were caused by drinking polluted, dirty water or drought.
Politics
Environmental issues
Lagan Valley (UK Parliament constituency)

Lagan Valley () is a constituency of the United Kingdom. It is in Northern Ireland.
Election results
This seat saw a swing towards the Alliance Party of over 17%, and the largest decrease in vote share for the DUP at the 2019 general election.
References
Westminster Parliamentary constituencies in Northern Ireland
Cross-platform interchange

A cross-platform interchange is a type of interchange between different lines in a railway system.
Rail transport
Okhtyrka

Okhtyrka (; also known by its Russian name Akhtyrka ) is a small city in Sumy Oblast in Ukraine. Okhtyrka is the administrative center of Okhtyrka Raion.
Clashes have been ongoing in Okhtyrka between the Ukrainian Armed Forces and the invading Russian Armed Forces in the city since 24 February, 2022. On February 28, Russian forces used a vacuum bomb on the city.
References
Cities in Sumy Oblast
Awake

Being Awake is a daily brain state. It is being in a state of consciousness where one is conscious about the surroundings. The person (or animal) can respond to these surroundings by communicating, walking, eating, and more.
Being awake is the opposite of being asleep. When you are asleep most responses to your surroundings are turned off, and you are unconscious of what is happening around you.
Animals are awake for some hours each day or night. Animals which are awake during the day are called diurnal. Animals which are awake during the night are called nocturnal.
Diurnal animals include humans. They wake up in the morning and are awake during the day. When they are awake they can eat and move.
Basic English 850 words
Hockley County, Texas

Hockley County is a county in the state of Texas in the United States. In 2020, 21,537 people lived there. The county seat is Levelland. The county was named for George Washington Hockley, who was Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas.
References
Texas counties
Love Is on the Air

Love Is on the Air is an American crime drama movie. It is directed by Nick Grinde. It was Ronald Reagan's first movie. The movie also stars June Travis, Hal B. Wallis, and Jack L. Warner. It was released on October 2, 1937.
1937 drama movies
1930s American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Nick Grinde
Haut-de-Bosdarros

Haut-de-Bosdarros is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Haut-de-Bosdarros
Lana Conceição

Lana Conceicao (born 8 January 1996) is a Brazilian volleyball player. She played for the Brazilian women's national volleyball team. She participated at the 2015 FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship, 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship, 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League, and 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
She played for Esporte Clube Pinheiros and Minas Tenis Clube.
References
1996 births
Living people
Brazilian volleyball players
Orphan

An orphan is a child who has lost both parents. Their parents are either dead or didn't want the child. Some orphans end up in a house called an orphanage. This is where children with no parents live. Many children that live in an orphanage get fostered or adopted by a person or a couple. Some people are called other names as in todays day and age it may be offensive.
Causes
Sometimes parents get sick and die while their child or children are still young, and if no close relatives take care of them, if they cannot or will not do so, they are normally raised in an orphanage. When several children, brothers or sisters are left orphaned they are sometimes split up; one child going to one family or one child going to a foster family while another may stay in the orphanage or foster home.
Sometimes parents may not have jobs or money and abandon their children because they cannot afford to bring them up. The parents may feel that if someone else brings them up they may have a better future in the long run.
Orphan care
In many developing countries orphans are often seen wandering about begging for money and food; many may not be going to school. Not much organised help exists for them in poor countries.
But in richer countries many orphanage, organisations and institutions help the orphans and work to help parents when they are sick or very poor so they do not abandon their children. Organisations such as churches and community services sometimes will assist them.
Orphans in history
Many characters of books and movies have been orphans, such as Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Annie, Heidi, Batman, and Harry Potter.
Notes and references
Family
Iguaçu Falls

Iguacu Falls are a series of massive waterfalls that lie on the border of Argentina 80% and Brazil 20%. It is fed by the Iguacu River, which flows into the Parana River. 275 individual waterfalls side by side, some as tall as , make up the falls, though most are around . The falls divide the river into the upper and lower Iguacu. It is one of the largest and most famous waterfalls in the world, receiving thousands of visitors each year.
Waterfalls
Bodies of water of South America
Geography of Argentina
Geography of Brazil
List of counties in South Carolina

The U.S. state of South Carolina is made up of 46 counties. This is the maximum allowable by state law.
History
In the colonial period, the land around the coast was divided into parishes. The parishes matched the Church of England. There were also several counties that had judicial and electoral functions. As people settled the backcountry, judicial districts and additional counties were formed. This structure continued and grew after the Revolutionary War. In 1800, all counties were renamed as districts. In 1868, the districts were changed back to counties. The South Carolina Department of Archives and History has maps that show the boundaries of counties, districts, and parishes starting in 1682.
Alphabetical list
|}
Former parishes, counties and districts
Parishes
St. Luke's Parish formed by the Colonial Assembly on 23 May 1767, located on Hilton Head Island and the adjacent mainland.
Counties
Craven County formed in 1682 by the Lords Proprietors
Granville County formed in 1686 by the Lords Proprietors
Orange County (1785-1791)
Lewisburg County (1785-1791)
Winton County is present-day Barnwell County
Liberty County is present-day Marion County
Winyah County is the former name of Georgetown County
Claremont County
Salem County
Districts
Cheraw District formed in 1769
Camden District formed in 1769
Ninety-Six District formed in 1769
Pinckney District (1791-1798)
Washington District (1785-1798)
Pendleton District formed in 1789 from Cherokee lands
References
South Carolina
U.S. Bank Stadium

U.S. Bank Stadium is an enclosed stadium located in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota. Built on the former site of the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, the indoor stadium opened in 2016 and is the home of the Minnesota Vikings (NFL); it also hosts early season college baseball games of the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers.
National Football League venues
Sports buildings in Minneapolis
21st-century establishments in Minnesota
2016 establishments in the United States
Football stadiums in the United States
Buildings and structures in Minnesota
Marián Hossa

Marian Hossa (born 12 January 1979, in Stara Lubovna, Czechoslovakia, now Slovakia) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey right winger. He played a total of 19 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Ottawa Senators, Atlanta Thrashers, Pittsburgh Penguins, Detroit Red Wings, and Chicago Blackhawks. He played in attack, preferably in right-wing. He was considered as one of the fastest skating players of the sport. He wore number 81 on his jersey.
After the 2007-2008 season when his team, the Pittsburgh Penguins, lost to the Detroit Red Wings in the Stanley Cup he switched teams to the Detroit Red Wings because he felt he had a better chance of winning the Stanley Cup with them. When the Penguins again met the Red Wings in the Stanley Cup after the 2008-2009 season, Hossa was once again on the losing team as the Penguins won in 7 games.
Hossa signed a 12-year contract with the Chicago Blackhawks that's worth 62.8 million dollars.
After losing two straight Stanley Cup finals with the Pittsburgh Penguins and Detroit Red Wings, He finally won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2010. On June 24, 2013, He won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.
Before the 2017-18 season, it was announced that Hossa would miss the entire season because of eczema.
On April 7, 2022, Hossa signed a one-day contract with the Blackhawks and retired from professional ice hockey. On November 20, 2022, the Blackhawks retired Hossa's jersey number #81.
Career statistics
International
All-Star Games
References
Other websites
1979 births
Atlanta Thrashers players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Living people
Ottawa Senators players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Portland Winterhawks players
Slovak ice hockey players
Stanley Cup champions
Memorial Cup winners
Swedish Hockey League players
Sock puppet

A Sock puppet is a simple type of hand puppet made with an sock. Most sock puppets have some fabric or plastic facial features added to the sock, such as eyes or a mouth. Some sock puppets may also have accessories such as a hat or clothing. Sock puppets are operated by putting a person's hand inside the sock.
Uses of sock puppets
Sock puppets are often used for entertaining people, especially children. People often present them on special stages that show sock puppets without showing the puppeteers (the people who use sock puppets) themselves.
Well-known sock puppets
In Canada, Ed the Sock is a sock puppet who has appeared on Canadian television shows since 1987. Ed the Sock appears in a weekly Toronto television series called Ed's Night Party!. In the 1950s, comedian Soupy Sales made two sock puppets famous; 'White Fang' and 'Black Tooth'. Ventriloquist and puppeteer Shari Lewis delighted children with her lovable sock puppets 'Lamb Chop', 'Charlie Horse' and 'Hush Puppy'. They appeared on TV and in person for over four decades. 1950s TV sock puppets 'Kukla' and 'Ollie' appeared with a real person, Fran, who appeared in front of the stage in the long-running program Kukla, Fran and Ollie.
References
Puppets
Gilles Corey

Giles Corey ( August 1611 - September 19, 1692) was accused of witchcraft along with his wife Martha Corey during the Salem Witch Trials. After being arrested for witchcraft, Corey refused to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. As a result he was pressed to death.
References
Salem Witch Trials
1611 births
1692 deaths
Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepines are organic chemical substances, made of two carbon rings. Certain benzodiazepines can be used as drugs that increase the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA. The resulting drug has sedative effects. Depending on the drug, the effect may be stronger or weaker. The first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium), was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955, and made available in 1960 by the medicine company Hoffmann-La Roche.
In general taking benzodiazepines is safe and effective in the short term. Longer term use is controversial: In the long term, the drug may become less effective and problems of dependency may show.
Benzodiazepines may not be safe to be taken during pregnancy. They are not teratogens, which cause birth defects, but they may cause cleft palate in a small number of babies. Benzodiazepines can be taken in overdoses and can cause dangerous deep unconsciousness. However, they are much less toxic than the drugs they replaced, the barbiturates. Death rarely results when a benzodiazepine is the only drug taken. When combined with other central nervous system depressants such as alcohol and opiates, the potential for toxicity increases. Benzodiazepines are commonly misused and taken in combination with other drugs of abuse.
Benzodiazepine effects & withdrawal symptoms
Benzodiazepines affect the central nervous system, increasing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter known as GABA. This results in a person experiencing a sensation of calmness and sedation, resulting in feeling more relaxed, less anxious, and increased drowsiness. When people use benzodiazepines, even under a doctor's care, they can develop a tolerance, which means that they will require increasingly larger doses to achieve the desired effects. With escalating use and at higher doses, a person may find that they require the drug to feel and function normally. This indicates the development of dependence which, once established, may result in a person experiencing symptoms of withdrawal.
Long-term, compulsive, or otherwise problematic use of benzodiazepines can lead to significant physical dependence and a higher risk of experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms, which may include seizures and hallucinations. Supervised medical treatment is usually recommended for people who are undergoing benzodiazepine withdrawal after a period of consistent use.
Related pages
Psychoactive drugs
Rohypnol
References
Drugs used in psychiatry
Organonitrogen compounds
Woodstock, Vermont

Woodstock is the shire town (county seat) of Windsor County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 3,048.
References
County seats in Vermont
Towns in Vermont
Gaya Department

Gaya is a department of the Dosso Region in Niger. Its capital is the city of Gaya. As of 2011, 349,794 people lived there.
References
Departments of Niger
Mikhail Nenashev

Mikhail Petrovich Nenashev (18 March 1960 - 29 August 2021) was a Russian politician. He was born in the Ternovsky District, Russia. Nenashev was a member of the Party of Business. Between 2007 until 2011, Nenashev was a member of the State Durma.
Nenashev died on 29 August 2021 from cardiac arrest in Moscow, aged 61.
References
1960 births
2021 deaths
Russian politicians
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Burns, Oregon

Burns is a city and the county seat of Harney County, Oregon. At the 2010 census, 2,806 people lived there. The town lies 1,264 meters above sea-level.
Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Harney County, Oregon
Bagley, Wisconsin

Bagley is a village in Grant County, Wisconsin, USA. As of the 2014 the population was 366.
References
Villages in Wisconsin
Grant County, Wisconsin
Marina, California

Marina is a city in Monterey County, California, United States.
References
Cities in California
Settlements in Monterey County, California
Welshpool

Welshpool (Welsh: Y Trallwng) is a small town and community in the unitary authority of Powys, Wales. It is the fourth largest town in Powys, with a population of 6,664. It lies on the banks of the River Severn and is in the historic county of Montgomeryshire. It is known for its Georgian architecture.
The town is situated around 4 miles (6.4 km) from the border with Shropshire in England. Its name in the Welsh language, Y Trallwng, means "the marshy or sinking land". In English, it was initially known as Pool but its name was changed to Welshpool in 1835 to differentiate it from the Dorset town of Poole.
It served briefly as the capital of Powys Wenwynwyn after its prince was forced to flee the traditional Welsh royal site at Mathrafal in 1212, by the prince of Gwynedd. Assistance from the English crown (the enemies of the Gwynedd prince) restored the Wenwynwyn dynasty to their lands.
The town has a mainline railway station on the Cambrian Line between Shrewsbury and Aberystwyth. Managed and served by Transport for Wales, trains run roughly two-hourly each way.
Gallery
Towns in Powys
Flanimals

Flanimals is a children's and adults' book written by comedian Ricky Gervais. The book was illustrated by Rob Steen. It has 35 different characters described as species of animal which form an imaginary world.
Other websites
Official site
Pictures from the book in the BBC website
Flanimals on Ricky Gervais's site
Flanimals on Rob Steen's site
Faber and Faber - UK publisher of all the 'Flanimals' books
Flanimals on MySpace
2004 books
Children's books
Eindhoven

Eindhoven is a city in the south of the Netherlands. It is in the Noord-Brabant province. It has about 236,000 inhabitants (2021) and a well-known football team called P.S.V. Eindhoven.
Other websites
The official international site of the city of Eindhoven
The city of Eindhoven on the Internet
InternetGemeentegids Eindhoven over 1450 links
Photo history: Eindhoven in the 20th century
Eindhoven-in-Beeld
Regional Historical Centre RHC-eindhoven
The Van Abbe Museum of Modern Art
Eindhoven University of Technology
Eindhoven-eertijds.tk
The City Stage
The Concert Hall
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in North Brabant
Jon Heidenreich

Jon Heidenreich is an American retired wrestler. He is best known for his time with World Wrestling Entertainment.
Prior to professional wrestling, Heidenreich played American football. He played in the Canadian Football League for the Shreveport Pirates. He also played for the Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europa in 1997.
References
1969 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
American football players
S. I. Padmavati

Dr. Padmavati Sivaramakrishna Iyer (20 June 1917 - 29 August 2020), commonly known as Dr. S. I. Padmavati or Dr. S. Padmavati, was a Burmese-born Indian cardiologist.
She was director of the National Heart Institute, Delhi and the founder president of the All India Heart Foundation.
Padmavati was awarded India's second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan in 1992.
Padmavati was an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences. She was the first woman cardiologist in India in 1954.
Padmavati died on 29 August 2020 from COVID-19 in New Delhi at the age of 103.
References
1917 births
2020 deaths
Indian centenarians
People from New Delhi
Indian physicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Burmese people
Cardiology
Giulio Questi

Giulio Questi (18 March 1924 - 3 December 2014) was an Italian movie director and screenwriter. He was known for his roles in La morte ha fatto l'uovo and Django Kill! (If You Live Shoot!). Questi was born in Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.
Questi died in Rome, Italy, aged 90.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2014 deaths
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
People from Bergamo
Arlington, New York

Arlington is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Hamlets in New York (state)
Dutchess County, New York
Alice Lake

Alice Lake (September 12, 1895 - November 15, 1967) was an American movie actress. She was particularly popular in the silent era. She played A Fair Customer in the movie The Waiters' Ball in 1916. She also played Jean Oliver in The Hole in the Wall.
Lake was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died of a heart attack in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California at age 71.
Other websites
American movie actors
Actors from New York (state)
1895 births
1967 deaths
Glamondans

Glamondans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Les noces

Les Noces () is a ballet in four scenes, originally for the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev. The ballet was choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska and the music and words were written by Igor Stravinsky. The music is written for voices, four pianos, and percussion.
The ballet was first presented on 13 June 1923 at the Theatre Gaite-Lyrique in Paris. The ballet is sometimes called a "dance cantata", and the music is sometimes performed as a concert piece.
Background
In 1915 ballet producer Sergei Diaghilev wanted to create a ballet called La Liturgie. Its background would be the Greek Orthodox Church. Stravinsky was a strong Christian, and did not want to write this ballet. He turned instead to Russian folk songs for Les Noces. He had started to think about this in 1913. Michel Fokine started the choreography but Vaslav Nijinsky took over. Leonide Massine stepped in for Nijinsky. When Massine left, Bronislava Nijinska designed the dancing.
Design for the ballet (sets and clothing) was done by Natalia Goncharova. Goncharova, an outstanding artist, made two complete designs before her third was accepted. The first two designs were rejected because they did not suit either the dancing or the musical score. The ballet, though based on a folk tale, was modernist in style: Stravinsky and Nijinska thought it was important for its design to be in sympathy with this.
Story
The bride, Nastasia, is having her hair done. She complains that it hurts when pulled. The choir sing to her about how beautiful her life will be with her husband, Fetis. The nightingales will sing to them in the garden. The choir sings to the Virgin Mary. They sing about the husband-to-be and his fair hair. They ask for a blessing for the young couple. The actual marriage ceremony is not seen. In the last of the four scenes, we see the wedding feast. The people are happy and start to get drunk. The husband and wife are led to the bedroom.
Revivals
The ballet is still in the repertoires of some major ballet companies, such as the Royal Ballet. It was performed in 1936 by Colonel de Basil's Ballets Russes, one of the successor companies to that of Diaghilev. Its post-WWII revival in London (1966) was personally supervised by Nijinska. Because of this, the ballet is still danced to its original choreography. It was also performed at Stuttgart (1974) and Paris (1976). Jerome Robbins choreographed it in the American Ballet Theatre version of 1965.
Sources
References
Compositions by Igor Stravinsky
Ballets Russes productions
Marlton, New Jersey

Marlton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Evesham Township, in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, Marlton's population was 10,133.
References
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
Census-designated places in New Jersey
Breasta

Breasta is a commune in Dolj County, Romania.
References
Communes in Dolj County
Soumaïla Cissé

Soumaila Cisse (20 December 1949 - 25 December 2020) was a Malian politician. He served as the nation's Minister of Finance from 1993 to 2000. He stood three times as a presidential candidate, in 2002, 2013 and 2018. He was defeated in a second round of voting each time. He became president of the Union for the Republic and Democracy, a political party, in 2014.
Cisse was born in Nianfuke, near Timbuktu. He married Astan Traore in 1978. On 26 March 2020, Cisse was taken hostage in the Tombouctou Region by Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin, a militant Islamist group. He was released on 6 October 2020.
In late 2020, Cisse was taken to France for treatment of COVID-19. He died in Paris on 25 December 2020 at the age of 71.
References
1949 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
Disease-related deaths in Paris
Kidnapped people
Malian politicians
Gros Morne National Park

Gros Morne National Park is a national park on the west coast of Newfoundland, Canada. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. It has been a national park since 2005, and a national reserve since 1973. It has an area of , making it the second largest national park in Atlantic Canada. The park takes its name from a mountain in the area. Its name means "large mountain standing alone" in French.
References
World Heritage Sites in Canada
National parks in Canada
1973 establishments in Canada
Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador
SABMiller

SABMiller plc was a multinational brewing and beverage company headquartered in London, England. It is the world's second-largest brewer measured by revenues (after the Belgian-Brazilian-American Anheuser-Busch InBev) and is also a major bottler of Coca-Cola. Its brands include Fosters, Grolsch, Miller, Peroni and Pilsner Urquell. It has operations in 80 countries world-wide and in 2009 sold around 21 billion litres of beverages.
SABMiller's origins date back to the foundation of South African Breweries in 1895 as to serve a growing market of miners and prospectors in and around Johannesburg. Two years later, it became the first industrial company to list on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. From the early 1990s onwards, the company increasingly expanded internationally, making several acquisitions in both emerging and developed markets. In 1999, it formed a new UK-based holding company, SAB plc, and moved its primary listing to London. In May 2002, SAB plc acquired Miller Brewing, forming SABMiller plc.
SABMiller has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a market capitalisation of approximately PS42 billion as of 24 October 2015, the 6th-largest of any company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.
In October 2015, Anheuser-Busch InBev announced plans to acquire SABMiller for PS69 billion ($104 billion).
Other websites
Official website
1895 establishments in the United Kingdom
2016 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
Beer
Companies based in London
Frasnoy

Frasnoy is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 376 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Nida Fazli

Muqtida Hasan Nida Fazli, known as Nida Fazli (; 12 October 1938 - 8 February 2016), was an Indian Hindi and Urdu poet. He was born in Gwalior, British Raj. He wrote essays critical of poets of the 1960s in his book Mulaqatein. This book made many poets angry, including Sahir Ludhianvi, Ali Sardar Jafri and Kaifi Azmi. As a result, he was boycotted in some poetic sessions. He recently wrote columns for the BBC Hindi website on various contemporary issues and literature.
Fazli died of a heart attack in Mumbai on 8 February 2016. He was aged 77.
References
1938 births
2014 deaths
Indian poets
Urdu poets
Victor Garland

Sir Ransley Victor Garland KBE (5 May 1934 - 1 January 2022), usually known as Vic Garland, was an Australian politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1969 to 1981. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1983.
Garland died on 1 January 2022, at the age of 87.
References
1934 births
2022 deaths
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Politicians from Perth, Western Australia
Ambassadors of Australia
Montross, Virginia

Montross, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
County seats in Virginia
My Cousin Vinny

My Cousin Vinny is a 1992 American criminal comedy movie. Joe Pesci and Marisa Tomei star. The subject of the movie is two young New Yorkers traveling across rural Alabama. They are put on trial for a murder they did not commit. Tomei plays Mona Lisa. Pesci plays Vincent ("Vinny" for short). This comedy movie was released in March 1992 in the United States. It received positive reviews from the critics.
1992 comedy movies
1992 crime movies
1990s criminal comedy movies
1990s legal movies
20th Century Fox movies
American criminal comedy movies
American legal movies
English-language movies
Movies about families
Movies set in Alabama
Murder in movies
Works about cousins
Movies directed by Jonathan Lynn
Kensington

Kensington is a district of West London, England in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It is west of Charing Cross.
Other websites
The Kensington District, by Geraldine Edith Mitton, 1903, from Project Gutenberg
Areas of London
Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
ADC Airdisco

The ADC Airdisco is a British V-8 airplane engine that was first used in 1925.
Applications
Avro 548A
Cierva Parnall Gyroplane
de Havilland DH.51
Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5A
Aircraft engines
Canton of Lucerne

Lucerne (German: Luzern, Swiss German: Lozarn, French: Lucerne, Italian: Lucerna, Romansh: Lucerna) is a canton of Switzerland. It can be found in the centre of Switzerland. As of 31 December 2018, the canton has 409,557 people lived there. The capital is Lucerne.
Districts
The Canton of Lucerne has six districts:
Entlebuch
Hochdorf
Lucerne-Land
Lucerne-Stadt
Sursee
Willisau
Municipalities
The Canton of Lucerne has 82 municipalities ():
References
Other websites
Official Site
Public Records Office / State Archive
Official Statistics
Geoportal GIS
Orange Free State

The Orange Free State () was a country in southern Africa. It was ruled by the Afrikaners. It was defeated by the British Empire and its colonies, the British Cape Colony and the Natal Colony, in the Second Boer War. It became the Orange River Colony and later joined with other colonies to make the Union of South Africa.
References
1852 establishments
19th-century establishments in South Africa
1900s disestablishments in Africa
1850s establishments in Africa
1902 disestablishments
Former countries in Africa
Stillwater, Oklahoma

Stillwater is the county seat of Payne County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 39,065 at the 2000 census.
Stillwater is also the home of Oklahoma State University.
References
County seats in Oklahoma
Cities in Oklahoma
Laayoune

Laayoune (or El Aaiun) is a city in northern Western Sahara. It is the capital. About 200,000 people live in El Aaiun.
Settlements in Western Sahara
National capitals in Africa
Palpatine

Darth Sidious (born as Sheev Palpatine and also known as the Emperor) is a fictional character from the Star Wars universe. He is the main villain of the Star Wars movies. His most famous power, seen only once, is force lightning seen in the last episode Return of the Jedi which is forked to spread the damage even further and is blueish purple.
He is played by Ian McDiarmid. He is seen in Episode V for the first time. Darth Sidious is regarded as the true villain of the Star Wars films because he was the one who caused Anakin Skywalker to join the Dark Side of the Force.
Character biography
In Episode I, The Phantom Menace, he is a Senator from the planet of Naboo. He is also secretly a Sith Lord, Darth Sidious. Sidious pulls the strings behind the scenes to cause unrest and dispute in the corrupt Galactic Senate, hence the films' title. His apprentice during this time is Darth Maul, who is slain in battle by Obi-Wan Kenobi. At the end of Episode I, he has risen to the office of Supreme Chancellor and begins his rise to power.
In Episode II, Attack of the Clones, Sidious secretly continues to bring the galaxy to civil war. He has a new apprentice, Count Dooku, who leads the Separatist Droid Army and goes by the name 'Darth Tyranus'. Dooku is slain by Anakin Skywalker on a rescue mission to free the Chancellor in Episode III, Revenge of the Sith.
Sidious rose to complete power in Episode III, when he sent Anakin to lead an attack on the Jedi Temple and ordered the Clone Troopers to execute Order 66, killing many Jedi in the process. Sidious battled Yoda in a duel which would decide the fate of the Galaxy. He narrowly defeated Yoda, and was able to form a new order upon the fallen Republic. He created the first Galactic Empire. In the time frame from his creation of the Empire and his death, Sidious was a cold, merciless Emperor. He ruled through fear. His evil was staggering as he dominated the galaxy with his ruthless enforcer, Darth Vader.
Darth Sidious ruled the galaxy for 23 years, when in the end he was killed by his own apprentice, Darth Vader. He later cloned himself and had a granddaughter named Rey.
Pop culture
Since the initial theatrical run of Return of the Jedi, Sidious has become a widely recognized symbol of evil in popular culture, and since the prequel films, also one of sinister deception and the subversion of democracy.
Fictional characters introduced in 1980
Galactic emperors
Internet memes
Star Wars characters
Supervillains
Fred Hubbell

Fred Hubbell (born April 25, 1951) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Iowa in the 2018 Governors' election.
Before running for office, Hubbell was the chairman of the Younkers department stores in the 1980s. He was also President of Equitable of Iowa.
On July 17, 2017, Hubbell declared his candidacy for the Governor of Iowa. On November 14, 2017, the Iowa Starting Line released a poll showing Fred Hubbell leading the Democratic primary.
Hubbell got 55% of the vote in the Democratic primary to become the party's nominee for Governor of Iowa. However, he lost the general election to Kim Reynolds.
Fred Hubbell was born in Des Moines, Iowa.
References
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Des Moines, Iowa
Businesspeople from Iowa
1951 births
Living people
Estrella Morente

Estrella de la Aurora Morente Carbonell, (born August 14, 1980 in Las Gabias, Granada, Andalusia) is a Spanish flamenco singer. She is the daughter of flamenco singer Enrique Morente and dancer Aurora Carbonell.
She has performed with her father since age seven. She released her first album in 2001, Mi Cante Y Un Poema (My Songs and A Poem). This was followed the same year by Calle del Aire. It was well received by critics and flamenco fans. She released her third album, Mujeres (Women) in 2006, which her father produced. On December 14, 2001 she married bullfighter Javier Conde in Nuestra Senora de las Angustias basilica in Granada. They have two children, Curro (2002) and Estrella (2005).
Discography
Mi cante y un poema (2001)
Calle del Aire (2001)
Mujeres (2006), Mute Records
Casacueva y escenario (2007) (DVD)
Autorretrato (2012)
Amar En Paz (con la guitarra de Nino Josele) (2014)
Notes
Other websites
Official Site
People from Granada
1980 births
Living people
Spanish singers
Artemio Franchi

Artemio Franchi (8 January 1922 - 12 August 1983) was an Italian football administrator. He was the 3rd President of UEFA from 15 March 1973 until 12 August 1983.
1922 births
1983 deaths
Presidents of UEFA
Road accident deaths
People from Florence
Brown

Brown is a color. There are many ways to make the color brown - it can be a mixture of orange and black, of red, blue and yellow, of red and green, of blue and orange, of yellow and purple or of red, yellow and black paint.
Brown is the color of:
Some chocolate
Wood
Toast
Some hair
Coffee
Tree bark
Tones of brown color comparison chart
Related pages
List of colors
Basic English 850 words
Guild

A guild is an association of craftspeople or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a town.
Many groups of people started as guilds, including scholars, and religious guilds. Many modern organisations, like universities, started as guilds. However, the basic idea of a guild was to control the training and practice of a trade or business. In Europe, guilds were given authority by the monarch. New young members had to serve as apprentices to a master for a certain length of time (such as seven years). At the end they became full members of the guild, and could set up on their own, and take apprentices of their own. That is the way the European world worked up to and including the first part of the 20th century.
There were guilds of weavers and dyers in the wool trade, of masons and architects in the building trade. There were guilds of painters, blacksmiths, bakers, butchers, and so on. The Corporation of the City of London includes the "livery companies". These companies were originally guilds. The senior members of the livery companies choose the Lord Mayor of London, the sheriffs and certain other officers.
Guilds were common in the cities of the Middle Ages. After that, around 1700 to 1800 their influence lessened somewhat. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith were much opposed to the idea of guilds. They believed that guilds hindered economic development and free trade.
References
Middle Ages
Organizations by type
System administrator

A system administrator is a person hired by a company or organization to control technical stuff. For example, a system administrator takes care of servers to ensure they always stay online.
A system administrator also takes care of any technical products that the company or organisation purchases. They do maintenance on computers of the company that break.
Related pages
System operator
Technology
Georg Christoph Biller

Georg Christoph Biller (20 September 1955 - 27 January 2022) was a German choral conductor. He conducted the Thomanerchor as the sixteenth Thomaskantor from 1992 to 2015.
Biller died on 27 January 2022 in Leipzig, Germany from problems caused by motor neurone disease, aged 66.
References
1955 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
German academics
German conductors
Musicians from Leipzig
20th-century German composers
21st-century German composers
Nation state

The nation state is a form of state that rules mainly one nation. The state is a political entity (the government, etc.); the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity. The term "nation state" means that both are on the same territory, which distinguishes the nation state from the other types of states that have existed.
Examples
Clear examples of nation states include:
Iceland: although the inhabitants of Iceland are ethnically related to other Scandinavian groups, the national culture and language are found only in Iceland. There are no cross-border minorities since the nearest land is too far away.
Japan: Traditionally seen as a good example of a nation-state, Japan includes minorities of ethnically distinct Ryukyu peoples, Koreans; Chinese; and, on the northern island of Hokkaido, the indigenous Ainu minority. See also Japanese Demographics .
Portugal: although surrounded by other lands and people, the Portuguese nation has occupied the same territory for almost 900 years. A long time ago, Portugal was formed from groups of people that were previously separate. They all passed through and settled in the area that later became Portugal. They included native Iberian peoples, Celts, ancient Mediterraneans (Greeks, Phoenicians, Romans), Germanic peoples like the Suebi and the Visigoths, the later invading Berbers and Arabs, and Jews.
Before nation-states
In Europe, in the 18th century, the classic non-national states were empires of many ethnicities, (Austria-Hungary, the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the French Empire and the British Empire).
Characteristics
Nation states have a different attitude to their territory from dynastic monarchies. No nation would swap territory with other states simply, for example, because the king's daughter got married.
They have a different type of border that is mostly defined by where the cultural/ethnic (nation) group settles, but many nation states have also had borders based on geography like rivers and mountain ranges.
The most noticeable characteristic is how much nation states use the state as an instrument of national unity in economic, social and cultural life.
References
Further reading
Hobsbawm, Eric J. (1992). Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. .
White, Philip L. (2006). "Globalization and the Mythology of the Nation State," In A.G.Hopkins, ed. Global History: Interactions Between the Universal and the Local Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 257-284.
Related pages
City-state
Ethnic group
Nation
Nationalism
Secession
Sovereignty
State
Other websites
From Paris to Cairo: Resistance of the Unacculturated (Identity and the Nation state)
Political geography
Nationalism
Holstein Kiel

Holstein Kiel is a German football team and sports club based in the city of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein.
1900 establishments in Germany
German football clubs
Schleswig-Holstein