pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
2045

2045 (MMXLV) will be .
Predicted and scheduled events
August 12 - A solar eclipse will occur from northern California to Florida.
October 24 - 100th anniversary of the United Nations
Date unknown
Futurist Ray Kurzweil predicts a technological singularity for 2045, i.e. a runaway cycle of self-improvement by intelligent machines, resulting in explosive technological development.
Based on Ray Kurzweil's ideas, Time magazine predicts humans will be immortal by this year.
Demographic projections "foresee the population of Egypt overtaking that of Russia by 2045," according to Niall Ferguson.
Two of Japan's largest cities - Tokyo and Osaka - will be connected by a direct high-speed maglev route.
The United Kingdom is set to overtake Germany as Europe's leading economy.
In fiction
In the novel 2045: A Story of Our Future, Peter Seidel portrays what the world could be like in 2045, if current trends in environmental destruction, population growth, and economic inequality continue.
Beginning of Corporation War in Ace Combat 3: Electrosphere
In South Africa white minority rule comes to an end as most of the whites are massacred in an uprising, in John Wyndham's The Outward Urge.
The American Dad character Klaus has a body again and a grandson.
The events portrayed in the movie Critters 4 take place in 2045.
Time in History where Command & Conquer: Tiberium Wars, the 3rd Tiberium War takes place.
In Macross 7, The main events of the series take place in this year.
Doomsday in Angels & Airwaves movie L)VE (LOVE)
References
2045
Mami Kaneda

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kaneda was born on March 9, 1968. She played for Shimizudaihachi SC and Nissan FC.
On October 22, 1984, when Kaneda was 16 years old, she debuted for the Japan national team against Australia. She played 3 games for Japan until 1986.
Statistics
References
1968 births
Living people
Japanese footballers
Japan women's international footballers
Shimizudaihachi Pleiades players
Nissan FC Ladies players
B. D. Mishra

Brigadier B. D. Mishra (born 20 July 1939) is an Indian politician and former brigadier of the Indian Army. In October 2017, Governor of Arunachal Pradesh.
References
1939 births
Living people
Governors of Arunachal Pradesh
Order of Brothers of the Sword

The Order of the Brothers of the Sword (German: Schwertbruderorden , officially the Brothers of the Military Service of Christ in Livonia) was a Catholic military order of knights founded in 1202 by the priest Theoderich or possibly Bishop Albert of Riga.
The army of the order was defeated at the battle of Saule in 1236. In 1237 it joined with the Teutonic Knights and was called the Order of Livonia.
Christian religious orders
History of Latvia
1200s establishments in Europe
Collins, Iowa

Collins is a city in Iowa in the United States.
References
Cities in Iowa
Pit bull

Pit bull is a word used to describe several breeds of dog. This includes the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully and Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and dogs with a mix of these breeds. In some locations, the modern American Bulldog and Bull Terrier are described as a "pit bull-type dog". Pit bull can also mean dogs that were known as "bull terriers" before the development of the modern Bull Terrier in the early 20th century.
These dogs were bred by crossing bulldog breeds and terriers. Pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight. They were also bred for dog fighting. The place where such dogs fought was called a pit. As such dogs can be dangerous, very often a special permit is needed to breed or to own them. Some places or countries may have forbidden their use.
Some disagree that Pitbulls were bred for fighting and as such are dangerous, but rather were bred as nanny dogs and are excellent guardians of children and small animals. Raised properly they are loyal, highly intelligent, loving, playful and very obedient pets. Unfortunately, their unusual strength and stamina made them easy targets for exploitation.
Terriers
Saldus

Saldus is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917.
Towns in Latvia
1917 establishments in Latvia
Miño de San Esteban

Mino de San Esteban is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
Bernie Geoffrion

Joseph Bernard Andre Geoffrion (February 14, 1931 - March 11, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. His nickname was Boom Boom.
Geoffrion was considered an innovator of the slapshot. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1972. He played for the Montreal Canadiens and New York Rangers in the National Hockey League. In 2017 Geoffrion was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.
Awards
Calder Memorial Trophy - 1952
NHL All-Star Game - 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963
NHL Second All-Star Team - 1955, 1960
Art Ross Trophy - 1955, 1961
Stanley Cup champion - 1953, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960
Hart Memorial Trophy - 1961
NHL First All-Star Team - 1961
His number 5 was retired by the Montreal Canadiens on March 11, 2006
In 1998, he was ranked number 42 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players
In 2017, Geoffrion was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history
References
1931 births
2006 deaths
New York Rangers players
Montreal Canadiens players
Calder Trophy winners
Art Ross Trophy winners
Ice hockey coaches
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Stanley Cup champions
Sportspeople from Montreal
Cancer deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
Duje Bonačić

Duje Bonacic (10 April 1929 - 24 January 2020) was a Croatian rower. He won a gold medal in the coxless four event at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Bonacic was born in Split.
Bonacic died in Split on 24 January 2020 after a short illness, aged 90.
References
1929 births
2020 deaths
Sportspeople from Split
Yugoslavian Olympic gold medalists
Rowers
Jardins de Marqueyssac

The Marqueyssac gardens are located in the town of Vezac, in the French department of Dordogne, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. They are on the list of remarkable gardens in France.
Nineteen hectares form a site classified for its "picturesque and historical interest" since the ministerial decree of December 16, 1969.
Laid out on a rocky outcrop 130 meters above the river, the park offers a view of the valley, castles and neighboring villages, including Beynac-et-Cazenac, Fayrac, Castelnaud, La Roque-Gageac and Domme.
References
Dordogne
Gardens
Ontario Highway 144

Ontario Highway 144 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts at Highway 17/TheTrans Canada Highway in Sudbury. North through Northern Ontario. It ends near Timmins at Ontario Highway 101. It is long. It travels through mostly unpopulated areas.
114
Josef Bertalan

Josef Bertalan (born 29 September 1934) is an Austrian former footballer.
Career
Bertalan started his career with his local club ATSV Fischamend where he played in the first team when he was only 17 years old. 1952 he went to SK Rapid Wien. From 1952 till 1963 he played for this club. He ended his career at 1. Simmeringer SC.
On 1 May 1960 he played his only match for the Austrian national football team versus Czechoslowakia.
Honours
Austrian champion: 1956, 1957, 1960
Austrian Cup: 1961
European Champions Cup Semifinals: 1961
Other websites
Ballesterer.at: Interview with Josef Bertalan (German)
References
1934 births
Living people
Association football forwards
Austrian footballers
SK Rapid Wien players
Austrian football forwards
Bill Wendell

Bill Wendell (William Joseph Wenzel, Jr.; March 22, 1924 - April 14, 1999) was an American NBC television announcer. He was the announcer for the Late Show with David Letterman from 1993 until he retired in 1995.
Wendell was born on March 22, 1924 in New York City, New York. He studied at Fordham University. Wendell died on April 14, 1999 in Boca Raton, Florida from cancer, aged 75.
References
Other websites
Obituary in The New York Times, April 15, 1999.
Obituary in Variety, May 25, 1999.
1924 births
1999 deaths
Cancer deaths in Florida
American television presenters
Television personalities from New York City
Boca Raton, Florida
UEFA Euro 2016 squads

These are the twenty-four national teams who played at Euro 2016 in France. Every national association must present before the UEFA a list of 23 footballers (which three of them must be goalkeepers) in ten days before the first match, that means: 31th May, 2016.
A footballer can be replaced by another one if he is injured or sick, although must be certified by the UEFA's Medical Committee and by the medical staff of his football club.
These dispositions are applied according art. 44 of Euro 2016's regulations.
Teams
Group A
Albany
France
Romania
Switzerland
Group B
England
Russia
Slovakia
Wales
Group C
Germany
Ireland, Northern
Poland
Ukraine
Group D
Croatia
Czech Republic
Spain
Turkey
Group E
Belgium
Ireland (Eire)
Italy
Sweden
Group F
Austria
Hungary
Portugal
References
Other websites
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Agave americana

Agave americana, common names century plant, maguey, or American aloe, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to Mexico and the United States in Texas. It is cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant, and has been naturalized in many regions, including parts of the Caribbean, South America, Mediterranean Sea, Africa, Canary Islands, India, China, Thailand, and Australia.
Agavaceae
Choy Mow Thim

Choy Mow Thim is a retired cyclist from Malaysia. Thim competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born on 29 May 1947.
References
Other websites
1947 births
Living people
Malaysian cyclists
Malaysian Olympians
Saint-Sulpice-et-Cameyrac

Saint-Sulpice-et-Cameyrac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
No Child of Mine

No Child of Mine is a February 1997 British documentary-drama and domestic violence television movie. It is about the true case of a 13-year-old girl named Kerry (played by Brooke Kinsella). Kerry was sexually abused and bullied at several times by her abusive mother, Linda (played by Sharon Small), and her father, Jim (played by Bill Geraghty).
References
1997 movies
Television movies
British drama movies
Boing

Boing is an Italian TV channel marketed at children and teenagers, produced and broadcast in Italy by Time Warner on its DVB-T frequencies.
Cartoons/Anime
The Smurfs (I Puffi) (USA/Belgium)
Police Academy (Scuola di polizia) (USA)
Tazmania (USA)
Ed, Edd n Eddy (Ed, Edd & Eddy) (USA)
Justice League (USA)
Dexter's Laboratory (Il laboratorio di Dexter) (USA)
Johnny Bravo (USA)
Camp Lazlo (USA)
Pokemon (USA)
Animaniacs (USA)
Tiny Toons (I favolosi Tiny) (USA)
Television channels in Italy
Pettis County, Missouri

Pettis County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Sedalia. In 2020, 42,980 people lived there.
References
1833 establishments in Missouri
Missouri counties
Kemetism

Kemetism (also called Kemeticism, Neterism, or Egyptian neopaganism) is a new religious movement that wants to revive the Ancient Egyptian religion. The movement started in the 1970s; most of its followers live in the United States, in France or in the Czech Republic.
Paganism
New religious movements
Great Saling

Great Saling is a village and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 261 people living in Great Saling.
References
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Jack Bannon

John James "Jack" Bannon (June 14, 1940 - October 25, 2017) was an American television actor. He may be best known for his role as Art Donovan on Lou Grant, a role he played from 1977-82. In 1963, Bannon appeared in the Season 1 episode "Kate's Recipe For Hot Rhubarb" of Petticoat Junction as Roger. In 1969, Bannon appeared again on Petticoat Junction (after his mother died in 1968) appearing as "Buck". He was born in Los Angeles, California.
Bannon was married to actress Ellen Travolta, a retired actress and elder sister of John Travolta, from 1983 until his death in 2017.
Bannon died on October 25, 2017 at his home in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho at the age of 77.
References
Other websites
1940 births
2017 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Idaho
Actors from Los Angeles
Jodi Balfour

Jodi Balfour (born 29 October 1987) is a South African actress. She is known for her role as Gladys Witham in the Canadian television drama series Bomb Girls. In 2019, she starred in the Apple TV+ space drama series For All Mankind.
Balfour is openly queer.
References
Other websites
1987 births
Living people
South African actors
People from Cape Town
LGBT actors
Queer people
Ice cube

Ice cubes are small pieces of ice that are often cubes. These pieces are sometimes used to cool drinks. Ice cubes are used in mixed drinks, when the drink has the words "on the rocks."
Ice cubes are made by filling a tray with water and putting it in a freezer. Many freezers also have an icemaker. Icemakers make ice cubes and put them in a bin. After that, they can be put in a glass.
Ice cubes are also made commercially and sold in large amounts. These ice cubes are usually cylindrical, and might have holes through the center. Commercially made ice cubes are very clear, as the water doesn't have much air dissolved in it.
Ice cubes can also be crushed into different-shaped flakes, which some people think makes some kinds of cocktails look better. Crushed ice is also used to cool a drink or other liquid quickly because the speed of cooling depends on the amount and average radius of the ice particles.
First artificial ice cubes
American physician and humanitarian John Gorrie built a refrigerator in 1844 to be able to cool air. His refrigerator made ice, which he hung from the ceiling in a basin. Gorrie is the creator of ice cubes, even though he was not trying to cool drinks. Instead, he used the ice to cool the room's temperature. During that time, people thought that bad air quality made people sick. So, to help treat sickness, he advocated for the draining of swamps and the cooling of sickrooms.
Ice cube tray
Ice cube trays are designed to be filled with water, then put in a freezer until the water freezes to ice, thus creating ice cubes. Trays are often flexible, so the ice cubes can be removed easily by flexing the tray. Another design is an aluminum tray with a lever that raises the ice cubes up, releasing them from the tray. A motorized kind of this is in most automatic ice-making freezers.
Even though ice cubes are usually shaped like cubes, there are trays that make spherical or cylindrical shapes. These are sometimes called ice tubes. Some novelty trays make blocks of ice in seasonal, festive, or other shapes.
The first flexible, stainless steel, all-metal ice cube tray was made by Guy L. Tinkham in 1933. The tray bent sideways to remove the ice cubes.
The first rubber ice cube tray was made by Lloyd Groff Copeman. One day in 1928, while walking through some woods getting sap for maple syrup, Copeman saw that slush and ice came off of his rubber boots instead of sticking to them. After talking about it with his patent attorney at lunch, he did experiments using rubber cups. Later, he made and patented several kinds of tray: a metal tray with rubber separators, a metal tray with individual rubber cups, and a tray made of only rubber.
References
Water
Alvey A. Adee

Alvey Augustus Adee (November 27, 1842 - July 4, 1924) was an American politicians and diplomat. He was a long-time official with the United States Department of State. He served as the acting Secretary of State in 1898 during the Spanish-American War.
References
Mellander, Gustavo A.(1971) The United States in Panamanian Politics: The Intriguing Formative Years. Daville, Ill.:Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568.
Mellander, Gustavo A.; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Years. Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. . OCLC 42970390.
An Appreciation of Alvey Adee
Other websites
1842 births
1924 deaths
United States Secretaries of State
American diplomats
Politicians from New York (state)
Cashmere wool

Cashmere wool is a kind of fiber which is produced from the wool of cashmere goats. Most cashmere wool is produced in China, Mongolia, Iran, and the Asiatic highlands known as Pamir. Large farms can also be found in Australia, New Zealand and Scotland. Cashmere wool is among the most valuable kinds of natural fiber. For this reason, textiles are often mixed with merino wool.
Natural materials
Mézidon Vallée d'Auge

Mezidon Vallee d'Auge is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Mezidon-Canon (the seat), Les Authieux-Papion, Coupesarte, Crevecoeur-en-Auge, Croissanville, Grandchamp-le-Chateau, Lecaude, Magny-la-Campagne, Magny-le-Freule, Le Mesnil-Mauger, Monteille, Percy-en-Auge, Saint-Julien-le-Faucon and Vieux-Fume.
References
2017 establishments in France
Communes in Calvados
Fingringhoe

Fingringhoe is a village and civil parish in Colchester borough, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 783 people living in Fingringhoe.
References
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Limón

Puerto Limon is the capital city of Limon Province in Costa Rica. It is also a major Costa Rican port for exporting and importing. A part of the community has its roots in Jamaican laborers. They worked on the nineteenth-century railroad project. The railroad connected San Jose to Puerto Limon. Other parts of the population have their roots in the Nicaraguan, Panamanian, and Colombian turtle-hunters who settled in the city.
Puerto Limon suffered the 1991 Limon Earthquake. This earthquake affected the city and the coastline.
History
Pirates
The pirates Edward Mansvelt and his vice admiral Henry Morgan arrived at Portete in 1666. Portete is a small bay between Limon and Moin. They moved toward Cartago. It was the capital of Costa Rica at the time. The pirates were driven away by the inhabitants of Turrialba on 15 April. This pirate army left on 16 April and arrived in Portete on 23 April. They left Costa Rica and did not return again.
Founding
The town was officially created in 1854 by Philipp J. J. Valentini. He had the government's help.
Climate
Limon has a tropical rainforest climate (Koppen's climate classification). Average temperatures are very constant all the year. The average is 25 degrees Celsius. Limon has no dry season. The driest month is September. It has an average of 160 mm of rain. The wettest month is December. It has an average of 400 mm of rain. Limon has 3,400 mm of rain annually.
Gallery
References
Limon Province
Cities in Costa Rica
1870 establishments in North America
19th-century establishments in Costa Rica
Mallorca Zeitung

Mallorca Zeitung is a weekly German-language newspaper. It is published in Palma. About 20.000 copies are printed. It is published by Editorial Prensa Iberica, who also publishes the Spanish-language local newspaper Diario de Mallorca. The new edition usually appears on Thursday.
Newspapers published in Spain
German-language newspapers
Seattle Thunderbirds

The Seattle Thunderbirds are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1977. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Kent, Washington, south of Seattle, at the ShoWare Center. They were known as the Vancouver Nats from 1971 to 73, the Kamloops Chiefs from 1973 to 77, and the Seattle Breakers from 1977 to 85.
Other websites
Official website
1976 establishments in the United States
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Western Hockey League
Sports in Seattle
1970s establishments in Canada
Essunga Municipality

Essunga Municipality () is a municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Nossebro.
References
Other websites
Essunga Municipality
Municipalities of Vastra Gotaland County
Kata-vari dialect

Kata-vari is a variety of Kamkata-viri spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan (Chitral District). It has two dialects, Eastern Kata-vari or Shekhani and Western Kata-vari. It is spoken by 40,000 people.
References
Languages of Afghanistan
Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Indo-Iranian languages
Punch-Out (disambiguation)

Punch-Out may refer to:
Video games
Punch-Out!! (series), a series of boxing video games
Punch-Out!! (arcade game), a 1984 boxing arcade game made by Nintendo
Punch-Out!! (NES), a 1987 video game for the NES originally known as Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!!
Punch-Out!! (Wii), a 2009 video game for the Wii
Other
Punch-out (boxing slang), a slang term in boxing referring to a boxer who boasts and taunts his opponent but can not hold his own in the ring
Punch-out (baseball), another name for a strike out, mainly if the third strike is a called third strike.
Punch Out (Ugly Betty episode), the nineteenth episode from the dramedy series Ugly Betty
Punchout (comics), a mutant in the Marvel Comics universe
A slang term for ejection
Procurement PunchOut, a concept in electronic sales
Related pages
Knockout
Super Punch-Out!! (arcade game)
Super Punch-Out!! (Super NES)
Moderate Women

The Moderate Women () is a women's faction of the Moderate Party in Sweden. It was established in 1912. That was following women had been allowing to vote in municipal elections from 1910.
References
Other websites
Official website
1912 establishments in Sweden
Organizations based in Stockholm
Political parties in Sweden
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia

Charles Emmanuel IV (Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria; 24 May 1751 - 6 October 1819) was King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802. He abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I. He was the brother-in-law of Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X of France.
Biography
Carlo Emanuele was born at the Royal Palace of Turin, the eldest son of Victor Amadeus, "Duke of Savoy" and Maria Antonia of Spain. From his birth till his succession he was styled "Prince of Piedmont". He was named after his grandfather Charles Emmanuel III and baptised Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria.
In 1775 Charles Emmanuel married Marie Clotilde of France, the daughter of Louis, Dauphin of France and Marie Josephe of Saxony, and sister of Louis XVI. Although the union was arranged for political reasons, Charles Emmanuel and his wife became devoted to each other. Their attempts to have children, however, were unsuccessful.
He became king at the death of his father on 14 October 1796. In December 1798, the French occupied Turin and forced Charles Emmanuel to abdicate all his territories on the Italian mainland and to withdraw to the island of Sardinia. The following year he tried unsuccessfully to regain Piedmont. He and his wife lived in Rome and in Naples as guests of the rich Colonna family.
On 7 March 1802 Charles Emmanuel's wife Marie Clothilde died. He was so moved by her death that he decided to abdicate on 4 June 1802 in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel. Charles Emmanuel retained the personal title of King.
He died at the Palazzo Colonna in Rome and was buried in the Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale.
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
24 May 1751 - 16 October 1796 His Royal Highness The Prince of Piedmont
16 October 1796 - 4 June 1802 His Majesty The King of Sardinia
4 June 1802 - 6 October 1819 His Majesty King Charles Emmanuel
Other websites
1751 births
1819 deaths
People from Turin
Princes and Princesses of Piedmont
Kings and Queens of Sardinia
House of Savoy
Jacobite pretenders
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
Kedarnath Singh

Kedarnath Singh (7 July 1934 - 19 March 2018) was an Indian poet. He was one of the most known modern poets writing in Hindi. He was also a critic and essayist. He was awarded the Jnanpith Award (2013), Sahitya Akademi Award (1989) in Hindi for his poetry collection, Akaal Mein Saras (Cranes in Drought).
References
Other websites
Kedarnath Singh at Kavita Kosh (Hindi)
1934 births
2018 deaths
Indian poets
Indian critics
Indian essayists
People from Uttar Pradesh
Villeneuve-sur-Conie

Villeneuve-sur-Conie is a French commune. It is in the Loiret department.
Communes in Loiret
2010 US Open – Men's Doubles

Lukas Dlouhy and Leander Paes were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Martin Damm and Filip Polasek 6-7(7), 6-3, 6-4.
Bob and Mike Bryan won in the final 7-6(5), 7-6(4), against Rohan Bopanna and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi.
Seeds
Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan (Champions)
Daniel Nestor / Nenad Zimonjic (Third Round)
Lukas Dlouhy / Leander Paes (First Round)
Mahesh Bhupathi / Max Mirnyi (Second Round)
Lukasz Kubot / Oliver Marach (Quarterfinals)
Frantisek Cermak / Michal Mertinak (First Round)
Jurgen Melzer / Philipp Petzschner (First Round)
Julian Knowle / Andy Ram (First Round)
<li> Mariusz Fyrstenberg / Marcin Matkowski (Quarterfinals)
<li> Wesley Moodie / Dick Norman (Quarterfinals)
<li> Julien Benneteau / Michael Llodra (Second Round, withdrew due to both players' injuries in their single matches against Tommy Robredo)
<li> Marcel Granollers / Tommy Robredo (Semifinals)
<li> Robert Lindstedt / Horia Tecau (Third Round)
<li> Simon Aspelin / Paul Hanley (Quarterfinals)
<li> Mardy Fish / Mark Knowles (Third Round)
<li> Rohan Bopanna / Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi (Final)
Draw
Finals
Top Half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom Half
Section 3
Section 4
Other websites
Official site of US Open
Men's Doubles
Royal Proclamation of 1763

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III after Great Britain gained French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. The purpose of the Proclamation was to organize Britain's large North American empire, and to make relations with Native Americans better and more stable by controlling trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier. Parliament also wished to gain trust from the natives so they could place forts there.
The war had brought large new western territories to the British Empire but the Proclamation stated that American colonists could not settle or buy land west of a line along the Appalachian Mountains. This angered colonists. Settlers continued to flow into the Ohio River Valley, and Great Britain was unable to provide adequate protection for them. Also, the Proclamation gave Great Britain a monopoly in land bought from Native Americans. The later Quebec Act, 1774 extended the rights of French Catholics, thus further angering English Protestant settlers.
Opposition to the Proclamation
French
Boundaries of Quebec were very limited.
Catholics not permitted to run for office.
Did not think the proposed assembly would represent the views of the population.
Were concerned about the future of the Roman Catholic Church.
Could not fur trade outside the proclaimed boundaries.
British
Did not like the restrictions placed on fur trade.
Colonists wanted to continue going west. Many veterans of the war against France had been given land beyond the line, and the Proclamation took it away.
Were not satisfied by the proposal for an elected assembly.
They did not have a say in it.
References
1760s in the Thirteen Colonies
1763
Resistance to the British Empire
1760s in Great Britain
Rivera Department

The Rivera department () is a department of Uruguay. The capital is the city of Rivera.
Its ISO 3166-2 code is UY-RV.
Name
The department and its capital city are named after Fructuoso Rivera (1784-1854), first president of Uruguay.
Geography
The Rivera department is in the northern part of the country. It has an area of , the 11th largest in the country. It is the eighth department with more people living in it, with a population of 103,493 inhabitants (2011 census) for a population density of .
There are three chains of low and rounded hills in the department. These chains of are known as cuchillas in the country. At the northwest end of the department is the Cuchilla de Haedo, one of the most important cuchilla of the country, coming from the south; it meets the Cuchilla Negra that comes from the north. Between these two hill ranges is the Cerro de los Peludos hill. Along the borders with Brazil, to the north, runs the Cuchilla de Santa Ana.
In the middle of the department is the hill Cerro de la Cruz, while on its eastern end are the hills Cerro del Hospital and Cerro Bonito.
Limits
To the north: Brazil
To the east: Brazil, and Cerro Largo department separated by the Rio Negro river.
To the south: Tacuarembo department separated by the Rio Tacuarembo river.
To the west: Tacuarembo and Salto department.
Rivers
Along the eastern borders of the department with Cerro Largo Department flows the Rio Negro river, with its tributaries flowing through the easternmost part of the department.
The western part of its southern border with the Tacuarembo Department is formed by the Tacuarembo river (a tributary of the Rio Negro river, with its tributaries flowing through most of the department.
Climate
The Koppen climate classification type for the climate at Rivera is a "Humid subtropical climate" and of the subtype Cfa.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Rivera is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is June with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Rivera is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is June, with an average temperature of .
Demographics
The inhabitants of the Rivera department (and of the city of Rivera) are known, in Spanish, as Riverenses.
Evolution of the population in Rivera
Rural population
According to the 2011 census, the Rivera department has a rural population of 7,602.
Main towns
Gallery
Related pages
Departments of Uruguay
ISO 3166-2:UY
References
Other websites
Intendencia Departamental de Rivera website
Statoids - Departments of Uruguay
Enciclopedia Geografica del Uruguay: Rivera
Rivera
1884 establishments
19th-century establishments in Uruguay
Rupperswil

Rupperswil is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Square yard

A square yard (sometimes written yd2 ) is the United States and British unit of measurement for area. It is the area inside a square that has each side equal to one yard (3 feet or 36 inches). This measurement can be found by squaring the measure of one side of the square.
It was formerly used in most of the English-speaking world, but now is generally replaced by the square metre. However, it is still used in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Pakistan and India.
Imperial units
Units of area
Boboli's Garden

Boboli's Garden is a historical park in Florence, Italy near Porta Romana, joined with Pitti Palace and Forte di Belvedere. The garden is visited every year by 800.000 tourists. It is really famous for the beauty flowers and for the very old sculptures.
Related pages
List of botanical gardens
Botanical gardens in Europe
Buildings and structures in Florence
Moshe Gafni

Moshe Gafni, Hebrew: mSHh gpny , (born May 5, 1952 in Bnei Brak) is an Israeli rabbi and politician of Yahadut HaTorah HaMeuhedet ("United Torah Judaism", shortened UTJ). He is political leader of Degel HaTorah ("Banner of the Torah"), one of the two branches of UTJ. He belongs to the Misnagdim movement of Haredi Judaism.
Before entering into politics Gafni was leading a kollel.
He has been a Member of Knesset since 1988, with interruptions from 1992 to 1994 and from 1998 to 1999, due to rotations with Agudat Yisrael politicians of UTJ.
From 1990 to 1992 he was also deputy minister of religious affairs in the Fourth Shamir Government.
References
Bio at Knesset Website
1952 births
Living people
Deputy government ministers of Israel
Israeli political leaders
Israeli rabbis
Jewish Israeli politicians
Members of the Knesset
Ahmed Qurei

Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei (or Qureia; , ), also known by his Arabic kunya Abu Alaa (, ) (March 26, 1937 - February 22, 2023) was a former Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. He was speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council. He was a senior leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
References
1937 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of the Palestinian National Authority
Rebecca Romijn

Rebecca Alie O'Connell (nee Romijn, born November 6, 1972) is an American movie and television series actress. She played Mystique in the X-men movies and Alexis Meade in the television sitcom Ugly Betty. Romijn was born in Berkeley, California. Her father is Dutch.
References
Other websites
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Berkeley, California
1972 births
Living people
Knowth

Knowth is the name given to a number of passage graves, in the Boyne valley in Ireland. It consists of a bigger tumulus with two passages, and of 20 smaller ones. Of the smaller graves, 17 remain, 3 have been destroyed. Knowth is approximately 1 km west of Newgrange. It is probably older than Newgrange, which has been dated to about 3.150 BCE, but not as old as Dowth. The main tumulus is one of the biggest to be found in Ireland.
County Meath
Climbing plant

Climbing plants are plants which climb up trees and other tall objects. Many of them are vines whose stems twine round trees and branches. There are quite a number of other methods of climbing.
The climbing habit has evolved many times. In most cases the climbing plants were more diverse (had more species) than their non-climbing sister groups.
It is a key innovation which has been very successful. Over 130 plant families include climbers. Vine species may represent more than 40% of species diversity in tropical forests.
It has evolved independently in several plant families, using many different climbing methods: Botanists generally divide climbing plants into two broad groups:
Bines, which twine their stems around a support. Many bines have rough stems or downward-pointing bristles to aid their grip.
Hops (used in flavoring beer) are a commercially important bine.
Morning glory, Ipomoea species.
Honeysuckle
Vines which use tendrils, suckers and other methods.
twining petioles (e.g., Clematis species)
using tendrils, which may be specialized shoots (Vitaceae), leaves (Bignoniaceae), or even inflorescences (Passiflora)
using tendrils which have adhesive pads at the end. The pads attach themselves quite strongly to the support, (Parthenocissus: Virginia creeper)
using thorns (e.g. climbing rose) or other hooked structures, such as hooked branches (e.g. Artabotrys hexapetalus)
by clinging roots (e.g., ivy, Hedera species)
The climbing fetterbush (Pieris phillyreifolia) has a strange habit. It is a woody shrub vine which climbs without clinging roots, tendrils, or thorns. Its stem goes into a crack in the bark of fibrous barked trees (such as bald cypress). The stem flattens and grows up the tree underneath the host tree's outer bark. The fetterbush then sends out branches that emerge near the top of the tree.
Most vines are flowering plants. These may be divided into woody vines or lianas, such as wisteria, kiwifruit, and common ivy, and herbaceous (nonwoody) vines, such as morning glory.
One odd group of climbing plants is the fern genus Lygodium, called "climbing ferns". The stem does not climb, but rather the fronds (leaves) do. The fronds unroll from the tip, and theoretically never stop growing; they can form thickets as they unroll over other plants, rock faces, and fences.
Examples
Bougainvillea
Calabash
Campsis
Chayote
Clematis
Common ivy
Cucumber
Cyclamen
Grape
Honeysuckle
Hydrangea
Kudzu
Luffa
Lygodium
Morning glory
Nepenthes
Passionfruit
Poison ivy
Solanum
Sweet pea
Virginia creeper
Vitis
Wild grape
Wisteria
References
Types of plants
ISO 639-1

This page contains the languages listed as ISO 639-1.
ISO 639
la:ISO 639#ISO 639-1
nl:ISO 639#ISO 639-1
Kolo Touré

Kolo Toure (born 19 March 1981) is a Cote d'Ivoire football player. He plays for Liverpool and Cote d'Ivoire national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="7"|Arsenal||rowspan="7"|Premier League||26||3
|-
|2003/04||34||1
|-
|2004/05||35||0
|-
|2005/06||33||0
|-
|2006/07||35||3
|-
|2007/08||30||2
|-
|2008/09||29||1
|-
|2009/10||Manchester City||Premier League||||
222||10
222||10
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||5||0
|-
|2003||4||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||9||0
|-
|2006||11||1
|-
|2007||8||0
|-
|2008||11||0
|-
|2009||7||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||71||1
|}
References
1981 births
Living people
Ivorian footballers
Manchester City F.C. players
Argetoaia

Argetoaia is a commune in Dolj County, Romania.
References
Communes in Dolj County
Nobuo Kishi

is a Japanese politician. He is a member of the House of Representatives since 2012. He was also the Minister of Defense from 2020 to 2022. Kishi is the younger brother of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, the son of former Japanese Foreign Minister Shintaro Abe and the grandson of former Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi.
References
1959 births
Living people
Politicians from Tokyo
Shinzo Abe
Soil classification

Soil classification means that one finds categories of soils that are based on general characteristics as well as criteria that decide about the use that is possible.
Soil classification can be approached from both the perspective of pedogenesis and from soil morphology. But in both cases interpretations do not vary widely.
Further reading
Eswaran, H., Rice, T., Ahrens, R., & Stewart, B. A. (Eds.). (2002). Soil classification : a global desk reference. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press.
McBratney, A. B., & de Gruijter, J. J. (1992). A continuum approach to soil classification by modified fuzzy k-means with extragrades. Journal of Soil Science, 43(1), 159-175.
Other websites
A Compendium of On-Line Soil Survey Information - Soil Classification for Soil Survey by D. G. Rossiter
Engineering soil description and classification
Engineering
Soil
1946 South American Championship

The nineteenth edition of the South American Championship in football was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 12 January to 10 February. This tournament, an extra edition with no trophy handed to the winners, is considered official by CONMEBOL.
The participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru withdrew from the tournament.
Venues
Squads
Final round
Each team played against each of the other teams. Two points were awarded for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a defeat.
Result
Goal scorers
7 Goals
Jose M. Medina
5 goals
Angel Labruna
Norberto Mendez
Zizinho
4 goals
Juan Villalba
3 goals
Heleno
Araya
Atilio Cremaschi
2 goals
Adolfo Pedernera
Juan C. Salvini
Miguel Peredo
Chico
Jair
1 goal
Vicente De la Mata
Felix Loustau
Rinaldo Martino
Zenon Gonzalez
Norival
Juan Alcantara
Santiago Salfate
Delfin Benitez Caceres
Alejandrino Genes
Albino Rodriguez
Porfirio Rolon
Jose Garcia
Jose A. Vazquez
Juan P. Riephoff
Raul Schiaffino
Own goal
Doroteo Coronel (for Bolivia)
Other websites
South American Championship 1946 at RSSSF
1946
1946
1946
1940s in sports
Paul Schneider (actor)

Paul Andrew Schneider (born March 16, 1976) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Mark Brendanawicz on the first two seasons of the NBC television show Parks and Recreation. He also plays Dick Liddil in The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards and nominations
References
1976 births
American movie actors
American television actors
Living people
Actors from North Carolina
People from Asheville, North Carolina
Yanis Varoufakis

Ioannis Georgiou "Yanis" Varoufakis (, ; born 24 March 1961) is a Greek economist, academic and politician. He was the Greek Minister of Finance from January to July 2015, when he resigned. Varoufakis was a Syriza member of the Hellenic Parliament (MP) for Athens B from January to September 2015.
References
1961 births
Living people
Greek politicians
Greek economists
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Phil Niekro

Philip Henry Niekro ( ; April 1, 1939 - December 26, 2020), nicknamed "Knucksie", was an American baseball pitcher. He played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves. He played with New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians and Toronto Blue Jays.
Niekro was honored into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997. He was born in Blaine, Ohio.
Niekro died of cancer on December 26, 2020 in Flowery Branch, Georgia at the age of 81.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
Atlanta Braves players
New York Yankees players
Cleveland Indians players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Sportspeople from Ohio
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
Zebibyte

A zebibyte (ZiB) is a large unit of measurement for computers of the future. Zebibytes hold 1024 exbibytes (EiB).
1024 zebibytes make 1 yobibyte.
Units of information
Rexpoëde

Rexpoede is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,977 people lived there.
It is southeast of Dunkirk, near the Belgian border.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Boone's Lick Road

The Boone's Lick Road or Boonslick Trail was an early 1800s transportation route. It went from eastern to central Missouri in the United States. It went east-west on the North side. It went along the Missouri River. The trail started in the river port of St. Charles. The trail was important in the westward expansion of the United States and the development of Missouri becoming a state. The trail ended at Franklin. Franklin was the start of the better-known Santa Fe Trail. First mapped by the sons of Daniel Boone, the path ended at a salt lick in Howard County used by the pair to manufacture salt. Today the lick is maintained as Boone's Lick State Historic Site.
Towns created along the trail include Franklin, Smithton, Columbia, Fulton, Williamsburg, and Warrenton and others.
References
Other websites
Boone's Lick Road Association
Boonslick Historical Society
History of Missouri
Difference

Difference can mean more than one thing.
A difference is something that two or more things do not have in common. That is, it is something that is not the same about two things.
In mathematics, the difference between two numbers is how much bigger one is than the other. Difference is the result of subtraction.
Basic English 850 words
Francis Colburn Adams

Francis Colburn Adams was an American writer. He used to live in Charleston, South Carolina. He wrote under many different names.
Bibliography
Manuel Pereiera; or, The Sovereign Rule of South Carolina: with Views of Southern Laws, Life, and Hospitality, Washington, 1853,
Uncle Tom at Home, &c, Phila., 1853.
Our World; or, The Democrat's Rule. By Justia, a Know-Nothing. Lon.,1855,
Justice in the By-Ways: a Tale of Life, 1856,
Life and Adventures of Major Roger Sherman Potter. By Pheleg Van Truesdale. N. York, 1858.
An Outcast: a Novel, N. York, 1861,
The Story of a Trooper; with much concerning the Campaign on the Peninsula, (1861-1862,) N. York, 1865,
Siege of Washington for Little People. Illust. Plila., 1867,
The Von Toodleburgs: or, The Memoirs of a Very Distinguished Family. Illust. Phila., 1868,
The Washers and Scrubbers. The Men Who Robbed Them. Washington, D. C.; Judd & Detweiler, 1878.
References
1850 births
Writers from South Carolina
1891 deaths
People from Charleston, South Carolina
Westland

Westland is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 108,603 people lived there.
Municipalities of South Holland
Ranchy

Ranchy is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Hollow Creek, Kentucky

Hollow Creek is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Frido Croes

Francisco Walfrido "Frido" Croes (3 December 1957 - 9 October 2020) was an Aruban politician and schoolteacher. He held the office of Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba from 2005 to 2009. Prior to that, he was a member of parliament from 1989 to 1994, and as its chairman from 2001 to 2004. He also served as minister of education from 2004 to 2005.
Croes died on 9 October 2020 at the age of 62.
References
1957 births
2020 deaths
Aruba
South American politicians
Ion Andoni Goikoetxea

Ion Andoni Goikoetxea (born 21 October 1965) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1985/86||rowspan="3"|Osasuna||rowspan="3"|La Liga||20||1
|-
|1986/87||38||7
|-
|1987/88||36||11
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||38||6
|-
|1989/90||36||4
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="4"|Real Sociedad||rowspan="4"|La Liga||37||3
|-
|1991/92||32||0
|-
|1992/93||29||3
|-
|1993/94||28||0
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="3"|Athletic Bilbao||rowspan="3"|La Liga||28||1
|-
|1995/96||33||0
|-
|1996/97||31||0
|-
|1997||Yokohama Marinos||J. League 1||23||0
386||36
23||0
409||36
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1990||4||0
|-
|1991||5||0
|-
|1992||5||0
|-
|1993||5||0
|-
|1994||11||3
|-
|1995||5||1
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
!Total||36||4
|}
References
1965 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
People from Pamplona
FC Barcelona players
Neftchala District

Neftchala (Neftcala) is a raion in Azerbaijan. It is on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Its name is Persian Naft-Chala and means oil trench.
Famous people from Neftchala
Tabriz Abdullayev, painter
Khalil Rza Uluturk, writer
Districts of Azerbaijan
Aran Economic Region
Castle of Tolcinasco

Tolcinasco Castle () is a medieval defensive castle in the ancient village of Tolcinasco, a locality in the municipality of Opera near the Prada Foundation, inside the Mirasole Oasis.
History
The Tolcinasco Castle was built by the D'Adda family in the sixteenth century. It is a rare example of an agricultural fortress to protect the surrounding countryside and the food supplies contained within it.
The castle, with the surrounding land, has become the seat of a golf course, started by Arnold Palmer. In 2018, after restoration, the castle was reopened to visitors.
Structure
The castle is a large block structure, with four towers on the sides that defended the granary inside. The ground floor, less than three meters high, was originally a food store, and was accessible from the wagons directly from the outside for loading and unloading. Access to the main floor of the building was by outdoor stairways. Around the castle today there are the large farmhouses where the farmers who worked for the estate lived, together with the stables for farmed animals.
Related pages
Castle of Macconago
Castle of Cassino Scanasio
Notes and references
Castles in Italy
Buildings and structures in Milan
Rognonas

Rognonas is a commune of 3,623 people (2005). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Communes in Bouches-du-Rhone
Natsume Sōseki

, born , was a Japanese novelist. He is well known around the world for some of the novels he wrote, like Kokoro, Botchan and I Am a Cat. He was born in Tokyo, Japan. Natsume Soseki graduated from the University of Tokyo, and he was to become a school teacher. Also he was a master of Ryunosuke Akutagawa.
In Japan, many people think he was the greatest writer in recent Japanese history.
References
Other websites
Works by Natsume Soseki - Project Gutenberg
1867 births
1916 deaths
Japanese novelists
Writers from Tokyo
List of Bodo religions

This is a list of religions of the Bodo people of Assam in Northeastern India.
Bathou
Brahma
Christian
Joiguru
Religion in India
Bodo
Bodo
Intercom

An intercom is a two-way communication apparatus for use within a localized area, such as inside a single building or compound.
Communication