pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Time in Morocco

Morocco uses Central European Time (CET) (UTC+01:00) all year round since 26 October 2018. The country used to observe daylight saving time (DST).
Daylight saving time
Morocco first used DST in 1939 and 1940 and again in 1950. It returned in 1967 but was abandoned after that and returned in 1974 and was observed until 1978. After that, Morocco used Western European Time (WET) (UTC+00:00) all year round. In 1984, Morocco changed to Central European Time (CET) (UTC+01:00) and returned to WET in 1986.
In 2008, Morocco once again started using daylight saving time. DST in 2008 started on Sunday 1 June and ended on Monday 1 September. In 2009, it started on Monday 1 June and ended on Friday 21 August. In 2010, DST started on 2 May and ended on 8 August, and in 2011 it started on Sunday 3 April and ended on Sunday 31 July.
In 2012, Morocco changed the rules for DST as it started on the last Sunday in April with a pause during Ramadan, and ending on the last Sunday in September. In 2013, the end of DST shifted to the last Sunday of October and adopted the European daylight saving schedule.
In 2018, Morocco stopped using summer time and moved to Central European Time (CET) (UTC+01:00) all year round. This is the first time Morocco has used CET since 1984.
References
Morocco
Morocco
Psychiatric hospital

A psychiatric hospital is a place where mentally ill people are kept so they can be treated.
Doctors who work at psychiatric hospitals are called psychiatrists. On some occasions people choose to be in a psychiatric hospital due to their emotional or physical health, though sometimes psychiatrists can put people in hospitals who do not want to be there, because they think the people are dangerous to themselves or other people. A halfway house or group home is a place for patients who have left the psychiatric hospital and are slowly being released into society.
History
Psychiatric hospitals used to be called lunatic asylums. Earlier asylums like the old Bethlem Royal Hospital in London (nicknamed "Bedlam") were like prisons. Patients received no treatment and were often imprisoned and chained. In the 19th century, new asylums were built. These were designed to be pleasant places with gardens and airy rooms, and later became known as psychiatric hospitals. Although they no longer looked like prisons, patients still had little freedom or hope of leaving. The term institutionalisation means when someone has lived in a hospital (or some other place like a prison) for so long that they cannot cope with living outside of it.
In the middle of the 20th century, new drugs were invented that made it easier to treat mental illness. Governments began to look for ways to care for patients outside of hospitals. They believed it would lead to better care for patients and save money. This is known as deinstitutionalisation. Since the 1970s, many countries have closed large numbers of psychiatric hospitals. Mentally ill patients are now also cared for in local hospitals, small clinics and in their own homes.
Psychiatry
Hospitals
Shahdon Winchester

Shahdon Shane Andre Winchester (8 January 1992 - 19 December 2019) was a Trinidadian professional footballer. He played as a winger for the Trinidad and Tobago national team from 2010 through 2017.
Winchester was one of four people killed in a car crash on 19 December 2019 in Gasparillo, catching on fire, aged 27.
References
1992 births
2019 deaths
Road accident deaths
Trinidad and Tobago footballers
Ron Paul

Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American Libertarian. He was formerly a Congressman from the state of Texas. He is retired but still travels around giving speeches about his beliefs.
Career
He ran for President of the United States in 1988, 2008, and 2012 but he was defeated all three times. He has called himself a lifetime member of the Libertarian Party.
He is for reducing or removing most taxes and removing many government rules about how people may live and spend their money. He does not want the United States military going into or attacking other countries, but instead wants it to only stop others from attacking the United States. He also believes that the United States currency should not be controlled by the Federal Reserve, which is the central bank of the United States. He wants people to be allowed to use any currency they want when buying and selling.
Family
His son Rand Paul is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and 2016 presidential candidate.
Health
In September 2020, Paul was hospitalized after having a minor stroke while livestreaming online in Texas.
References
Other websites
Presidential Campaign Website
U.S. House of Representatives Office of Ron Paul
1935 births
Living people
American Baptists
Politicians from Pittsburgh
2008 United States presidential candidates
2012 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from Texas
Libertarian Party (United States) politicians
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Libertarians
Grand Island, Nebraska

Grand Island is a city in Nebraska in the United States. It is the county seat of Hall County.
Cities in Nebraska
County seats in Nebraska
385 BC

Year 385 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Capitolinus, Cornelius, Capitolinus, Papirius, Capitolinus and Fidenas
Events
By place
Greece
Jason of Pherae becomes tyrant of Thessaly.
Dionysius I of Syracuse attempts to restore Alcetas I of Epirus to the throne.
Bardyllis becomes king of Illyria and the Dardani and forms the Bardyllian Dynasty.
By topic
Education
Plato forms his Academy, teaching mathematics, astronomy and other sciences as well as philosophy. It is dedicated to the Attic hero Academus. Philanthropists pay all costs; students pay no fees.
Astronomy
Democritus announces that the Milky Way is composed of many stars.
References
The Nightmare Before Christmas: The Pumpkin King

The Nightmare Before Christmas: The Pumpkin King is a 2005 video game that is a prequel to The Nightmare Before Christmas. It was released by Capcom for the Game Boy Advance.
Gameplay
Jack Skellington attack enemies with Frog's Breath.
Plot
Oogie Boogie of the forgotten holiday Bug Day wants to bring wrath to Jack Skellington for making people forget his holiday.
2005 video games
Capcom games
The Nightmare Before Christmas
Game Boy Advance games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Video game prequels
Brinicle

A brinicle is a column of ice that forms in seawater. The name is a combination of the words "brine", which means saltwater, and "icicle". A brinicle starts forming from the top of the water down. A brinicle freezes everything in its way as it forms. It can reach the bottom of the ocean, where it can also form ice on the seabed. It is dangerous to sea stars and sea urchins living on the bottom of the ocean. They move too slowly to get out of the way. They are very rare and only occur in places where it is very cold, such as Antarctica.
References
Other websites
Brinicle- Sinking Brine; YouTube
Oceans
German Moreno

German Molina Moreno (4 October 1933 - 8 January 2016), also known as Kuya Germs or the Master Showman, was a Filipino television host, actor, comedian and talent manager. He was most popular during the 1980s. He was known for formerly hosting GMA Supershow.
Moreno was born in Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines. He died in Quezon City, Philippines from cardiac arrest due to a stroke he had on 7 January 2016.
References
Other websites
1933 births
2016 deaths
Filipino actors
Filipino comedians
Filipino television presenters
Television producers
People from Manila
Pentling

Pentling is a municipality in Regensburg in Bavaria in Germany. It is on the river Danube.
References
Regensburg (district)
The Vision of Escaflowne

The Vision of Escaflowne is a Japanese anime television show that aired in Japan on April 2, 1996. It is called Tenkuu no Escaflowne in Japanese which means Escaflowne of the Heavens. It was made by Sunrise and directed by Kazuki Akane. Escaflowne has 26 episodes.
Escaflowne has two mangas based on it, a videogame that was made for Playstation, and a movie.
Characters
Kanzaki Hitomi
Van Fanel
Allen Schezar
Dilandou Albatou
Folken Fanel
Merle
Dornkirk
Balgus
Millerna Sarah Aston
Dryden Fassa
Naria
Eriya
Jajuka
Susumu Amano
Uchida Yukari
Countries and Places
Gaea
Earth (Mystic Moon)
Fanelia
Asturia
Zaibach
Freid
Atlantis
Episode List
Episode 1 Faiteful Confession
Episode 2 The Girl From the Mystic Moon
Episode 3 A Gallant Swordsman
Episode 4 The Diabolical Adonis
Episode 5 Seal of the Brothers
Episode 6 City of Intrigue
Episode 7 Unexpected Partings
Episode 8 The Day the Angel Flew
Episode 9 Memories of a Feather
Episode 10 The Blue Eyed Prince
Episode 11 Prophecy of Death
Episode 12 The Secret Door
Episode 13 Red Destiny
Episode 14 Dangerous Wounds
Episode 15 Paradise Lost
Episode 16 The Guided Ones
Episode 17 The Edge of the World
Episode 18 Gravity of Destiny
Episode 19 Operation: Golden Rule of Love
Episode 20 False Vows
Episode 21 Reaction of Fortune
Episode 22 The Black Winged Angel
Episode 23 Storm Premonition
Episode 24 Fateful Decision
Episode 25 The Zone of Absolute Fortune
Episode 26 Eternal Love
References
Anime
M83

M83 is a French electronic music band. They formed in 2001. The band is named after a spiral galaxy. They have released eight albums. Their seventh album is the soundtrack to the science fiction movie Oblivion.
Other websites
Official website
2001 establishments in France
2000s music groups
Electronic music bands
French musical groups
Infantry gun

Infantry guns are artillery weapons for the use of infantry units. The designs usually have short barrels which fire a low speed shell. They are lightly built so they are easy to moved around on the battlefield. Very few infantry guns are still used by infantry units. They have been replaced by grenade launchers, light anti-tank weapons and heavier wire-guided missiles. Pack guns are similar to an infantry gun, but mean those guns that are meant to be taken apart for movement. Mountain guns are infantry guns designed for use during mountain combat. Airborne guns are those designed for use by paratroopers. They are easy to move and lighter weight when compared to field guns.
History
Infantry guns were the first type of artillery used by armed forces, first in China, and later brought to Europe by the Mongol invasion. At first they were simple cast barrels called pots de fer in French, or vasi in Italian. These weapons were small, immobile, and fired large bolts or quarrels. As the barrels became longer, a way had to be found to move the guns. This led to two different solutions. One was the very light hand-gun, which became the arquebus. The other was to place the gun on wheeled carriages, such as the 2-pounder Culvern moyane, the 1-pounder Falcon, and the 3/4-pounder Falconet. These lighter Renaissance pieces led to the development of the 3-pounder and 4-pounder regimental guns of the 17th century, notably in the army of Gustavus Adolphus. The light field guns of the 17th century, known as a drake in England, came in almost 100 different calibres. Each had its own name, some of which were:
5 pound, 3 1/2 inch saker, weighing 1 ton
4 pound, 3 inch minion, weighing 3/4 ton
2 pound, 2 3/4 inch falcon, weighing 1/4 ton
1 pound, 2 inch falconet, weighing 200lbs
3/4 pound, 1/4 inch robinet, weighing 100lbs
The saker and falcon had ranges of 360 and 320 yards if fired straight at the target, and 2,170 and 1,920 yards if fired in an upward arc.
Although oxen were used to pull the heavier field and siege guns, some on wagons rather than limbers, they were too slow to keep up with the infantr. Horses were used to pull the lighter pieces, leading to the development of the artillery carriage and horse team that survived until the late 19th century.
Related pages
List of infantry guns
References
Artillery
Thomas Andrews

Thomas Andrews (7 February 1873 - 15 April 1912) was an Irish businessman. He designed the RMS Titanic. He was married and had a girl who was born in 1908. He died during the sinking of the Titanic in 1912. In the movie Titanic by James Cameron, he was portrayed by actor Victor Garber.
Mr. Thomas Andrews was enrolled into the Royal Belfast at age 11 and left at the age of 16 so that he could go and work for Harland and Wolf as a premium apprentice. At the end of his Apprentice he would be guaranteed a position at the shipyard. Mr. Andrews was made manager of the construction works in 1901; in 1901 he was awarded with the honor of being Manager Director. Andrews as a child had a rich home, good family and his parents were able to support him and his family very well. His father was a distinguished local politician and his mother Eliza was Lord William parries sister, his uncle was a high court judge and his brother who was to become Northern Irelands Prime Minister. Mr. Andrews was a first class passenger of the titanic and was born on February 7th 1873 and died on April 15th 1912 at sea. Mr. Andrews died while the ship was sinking; One of the most famous legends of the sinking of the Titanic is that he was last seen staring at the painting in the first class smoking room, making no attempt to save himself. But this story, which was published in a 1912 book (Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder) and therefore perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact did leave the ship in boat n. 15 at approximately 1:40 a.m.
There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment. It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts, then he continued assisting with the evacuation. Another reported sighting was of Andrews frantically throwing deck chairs into the ocean for passengers to use as floating devices. Andrews was then seen making his way to the bridge while carrying a lifebelt, possibly the same lifebelt Andrews had draped over a chair in the Smoke Room. Andrews was last seen leaving the ship at the last moment; his body was never recovered.
Newspaper accounts of the disaster labeled Andrews a hero. Mary Sloan, a stewardess on the ship, whom Andrews persuaded to enter a lifeboat, later wrote in a letter: "Mr. Andrews met his fate like a true hero, realizing the great danger, and gave up his life to save the women and children of the Titanic.
In January 1914 The Thomas Andrews Jr. Memorial Hall was opened in honor of the Very loved Thomas Andrews.
References
Irish businesspeople
Victims of the RMS Titanic
People from County Down
1873 births
1912 deaths
Misophonia

Misophonia (meaning "hatred of sound") is a rarely diagnosed mental disorder. It is a condition where certain sounds can cause someone to be angry or enraged. The sounds could be as simple as someone chewing food with their mouth open. Other examples include a ballpoint pen clicking (repeatedly), tapping, typing and other common sounds. The disorder has only been identified and named in the last 20 years. According to one sufferer, "It's like a fight-or-flight response: Your muscles get tense, you're on edge, your heart races, and you feel the urge to flee". Misophonia is often misdiagnosed as one of several psychological disorders. Sufferers often keep away from trigger sounds. There is no cure but it can be treated.
People with misophonia have different amounts of tolerance for triggering sounds. The presence of misophonia may be determined by specific diagnostic criteria. They all, however, result in anger and irritability. Many also have trouble focusing on normal activities while exposed to triggering sounds.
The cause of misophonia is not know. Some studies say that it affects more than 5% of the population.
Symptoms of Misophonia
Repulsion to Specific Sounds
Emotional Response
Physical Response
Avoidance
References
Mental illnesses
Pelycosaur

Pelycosaurs (meaning "basin lizards") were the earliest synapsids. They were not dinosaurs or reptiles. They are an informal group which were once called the "mammal-like reptiles".
The term is only used informally, if at all, in the modern scientific literature.
These tetrapods appeared during the Pennsylvanian and went extinct at the end of the Permian period. They were the dominant land animals for some 40 million years, and were almost wiped out by the P/Tr extinction event. A few survived until the lower Triassic to form the therapsids. The therapsids led to the mammals.
Because the term "Pelycosaur" does not include their descendants, it is not used much now.
The most notable of these land animals was Dimetrodon, the top predator of its time.
Characteristics
Pelycosaur fossils have been found mainly in Europe and North America, although some small, late-surviving forms are known from Russia and South Africa.
At least two pelycosaur clades independently evolved a tall sail of elongated vertebral spines. In life, this would have been covered by skin, and possibly was a thermoregulatory device and/or a mating display.
Unlike lepidosaurian reptiles, pelycosaurs lacked epidermal scales.
In 1940 the group was reviewed in detail and every species known at the time described (and many illustrated) in an important monograph. Well-known pelycosaurs include the genera Dimetrodon, Sphenacodon, Edaphosaurus, and Ophiacodon.
Classification
References
Synapsids
Brewster's Millions (1945 movie)

Brewster's Millions is a 1945 American comedy movie directed by Allan Dwan and is the fifth adaption of the 1902 novel of the same name by George Barr McCutcheon and the 1906 play of the same name. It stars Dennis O'Keefe, Helen Walker, June Havoc, Gail Patrick, Mischa Auer, Nana Bryant, John Litel, Joe Sawyer and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.
Other websites
1945 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies based on books
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Allan Dwan
Dari

Dari (Farsi-ye Dari) is a dialect of the Persian language. It is the Persian language as spoken in Afghanistan. It is the second official language of Afghanistan, and is widely used by the government and most media agencies. It is mainly spoken by the Tajiks and other minority groups. A small minority also exists in parts of Pakistan closest to these named regions. It is sometimes called Farsi. People in Afghanistan and Iran who speak Persian can understand each other. The name Dari was given to the Persian language at a very early date.
Historically, Dari was the court language of the Sassanids.
Related pages
Pashto language
Languages of Afghanistan
References
Persian language
Languages of Afghanistan
Languages of Iran
Languages of Pakistan
Ain't She Sweet

"Ain't She Sweet" is a 1927 song by Gene Austin and composed by Milton Ager. It became popular during the Roaring Twenties. A recording was done by The Beatles in June 1961 and was released as a single in 1964. It went to number 4 in Sweden, number 7 in Denmark, number 16 in Australia, number 19 in the United States, number 20 in Canada and number 29 in the United Kingdom.
References
1920s songs
The Beatles songs
Burrowing parakeet

The burrowing parakeet (binomial name Cyanoliseus patagonus), also known as the Patagonian conure or burrowing parrot. is a species of parrot in the Psittacidae family. It is found in Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and Uruguay. It lives in subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, and pastureland.
Other websites
Birds of Chile postage stamps
Parakeets
Birds of South America
Taxa described in 1818
Lakeport, California

Lakeport is an incorporated city and county seat of Lake County, California. This city is northwest of Sacramento. The population was 5,026 at the 2020 census.
References
Cities in California
County seats in California
Settlements in Lake County, California
Sam Houston

Samuel "Sam" Houston (March 2, 1793 - July 26, 1863) was an American statesman, politician, and soldier. He is best known for his leading role in bringing Texas into the United States. Houston, Texas and Sam Houston State University was named after him.
Shortly afterwards, he relocated to Coahuila y Tejas, then a Mexican state, and became a leader of the Texas Revolution. Sam Houston supported annexation by the United States. When he assumed the governorship of Texas in 1859, Houston became the only person to have become the governor of two different U.S. states through direct, popular election, as well as the only state governor to have been a foreign head of state.
Houston was born on March 2, 1793 in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was of an Irish-Scottish descent. Houston was married to Eliza Allen from 1829 until they divorced in 1837. Then he was married to Diana Rogers Gentry until they divorced. Then he was married to Margaret Moffette Lee from 1840 until his death in 1863. Houston had seven children. Houston died on July 26, 1863 in Huntsville, Texas from pneumonia, aged 70.
References
Other websites
Life of General Houston, 1793-1863 published 1891, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
Sam Houston ; David Crockett. published 1901, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
Sam Houston Memorial Museum
Sam Houston Memorial Museum Antiquities Collection From Texas Tides
Sam Houston's Obituary - The Tri Weekly Telegraph, Houston, Texas July 29, 1863 - TexasBob.com
Sam Houston Historic Schoolhouse in Maryville, TN USA
Documentary film on life of Sam Houston. Massive web site with many pictures, links, and educational tools.
Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture entry
Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of Governor Sam Houston, 1827-1829
Sam Houston Rode a Gray Horse
Houston Family Papers, 1836-1869 and undated, in the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library at Texas Tech University
Booknotes interview with Marshall DeBruhl on Sword of San Jacinto: The Life of Sam Houston, May 2, 1993.
1793 births
1863 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Governors of Texas
United States senators from Texas
Governors of Tennessee
United States representatives from Tennessee
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Huntsville, Texas
Politicians from Virginia
Graham Kavanagh

Graham Kavanagh (born 2 December 1973) is an Irish football player. He plays for Carlisle United F.C.
Club career statistics
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="3"|Middlesbrough||Second Division||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1992/93||Premier League||10||0||0||0||0||0||10||0
|-
|1993/94||First Division||11||2||0||0||0||0||11||2
|-
|1993/94||Darlington||Third Division||5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Middlesbrough||First Division||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
|-
|1995/96||Premier League||7||1||0||0||0||0||7||1
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="5"|Stoke City||rowspan="2"|First Division||38||4||1||0||1||0||40||4
|-
|1997/98||44||5||0||0||4||0||48||5
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Second Division||36||11||2||0||2||1||40||12
|-
|1999/00||47||7||1||0||4||1||52||8
|-
|2000/01||45||8||2||0||5||0||52||8
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Cardiff City||rowspan="2"|Second Division||45||13||4||2||1||0||50||15
|-
|2002/03||47||5||4||1||2||0||53||6
|-
|2003/04||First Division||27||7||1||0||1||0||29||7
|-
|2004/05||League Championship||28||3||2||0||3||0||33||3
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Wigan Athletic||League Championship||11||0||0||0||0||0||11||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Premier League||34||0||2||0||5||0||41||0
|-
|2006/07||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Sunderland||League Championship||14||1||0||0||0||0||14||1
|-
|2007/08||Premier League||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2007/08||Sheffield Wednesday||League Championship||23||2||0||0||1||0||24||2
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Carlisle United||rowspan="2"|League One||34||5||3||1||0||0||37||6
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
515||74||23||4||29||2||567||80
515||74||23||4||29||2||567||80
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||2||1
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
|2006||3||0
|-
!Total||16||1
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
Irish footballers
Sportspeople from Dublin
Michael McKevitt

Michael McKevitt (4 September 1949 - 2 January 2021) was an Irish republican paramilitary leader. He was the Provisional Irish Republican Army's Quartermaster General. In 1997, he created the Real Irish Republican Army, a splinter group, in protest at the PIRA's ceasefire that year. He was in charge of the RIRA during the Omagh bombing of 1998. In 2003 in Dublin, he was convicted of directing terrorism as its leader. He was also convicted of membership of an illegal organisation. He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. He was released in 2016.
McKevitt was born in County Louth, Republic of Ireland. He was married to Bernadette Sands McKevitt, a sister of furniture shop bomber, hunger striker and member of parliament Bobby Sands. McKevitt died on 2 January 2021 from cancer, aged 71.
References
1949 births
2021 deaths
Irish Republican Army
People from County Louth
Provisional Irish Republican Army
NGC 718

NGC 718 is a barred spiral galaxy in the Pisces constellation. It is about 80 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Barred spiral galaxies
Auvernier

Auvernier was a municipality and village in the district of Boudry. It is in the canton of Neuchatel in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, former municipalities of Auvernier, Bole, and Colombier joined together. They became the new municipality of Milvignes.
References
Other websites
Former municipalities of Neuchatel
Villages in Neuchatel
Shaolin Soccer

Shaolin Soccer is a 2001 Hong Kong comedy movie. It was co-written and directed by Stephen Chow. He also stars in the lead role. The movie is about a former Shaolin monk. He reunites his five brothers, years after their master's death. They apply their superhuman martial arts skills to play soccer and bring Shaolin kung fu to the masses.
Cast
Stephen Chow as Sing (Steel Leg)
Zhao Wei as Mui
Lam Chi Chung as Light Weight Vest
Danny Chan as Empty hand
Tin Kai Man as Iron Shirt
Mok Mei Lam as Hooking Leg
Patrick Tse as Hung
Ng Man Tat as Fung
Wong Yat Fei as Iron Head
References
2001 movies
2001 science fiction movies
Superhero movies
Nose-picking

Nose-picking is the act of sticking a finger into the nose and digging inside. It is a taboo subject in most countries. It is considered to be very gross and disgusting despite being a very common habit. Nose-picking can also cause nose bleeds. Some people also eat boogers, which can be even more disgusting. If someone is seen picking their nose, it can be very embarrassing.
Other websites
BBC home: The Truth About Nose-picking
Toddlers and Nose Picking
(In fact) Nose-picking favorite occupation of the Dutch (March 2007) Translated version
Another article on same topic (August 2008) Translated version
For an elaborate spoof, see "Nose-picking in the Pongidae and Its Implication for Human Evolution", said to be from the American Journal of Nasal Anatomy, (1987)
Habits
Our Lady of Lourdes

Our Lady of Lourdes is a name for the Virgin Mary. She is believed to have appeared near Lourdes, France. The first appearance was on 11 February 1858. It was seen by Bernadette Soubirous, a 14 year old peasant. Seventeen more appearances were reported that year.
Roman Catholicism
Christian symbols
Marian apparitions
Religion in France
Innu

The Innu (or Montagnais) are an Indigenous people group who live in Quebec and Newfoundland.
They lived as hunter-gatherers. Then the Canadian government moved them away from their homeland and forced them to practice Western lifestyles.
Lands
The Innu call the territory they live in Nitassinan ("Our Land").
History
The Canadian government forced the Innu to live in permanent communities instead of letting them practice their nomadic lifestyle. They also forced them to go to schools run by churches. In those schools, the Innu were not allowed to practice their religion or speak their language. Because of all the wrong things done to the Innu, they have a lot of social problems. On one hand, they lost a lot of knowledge about their traditional ways. On the other hand, the schools did not prepare them well enough to live in Western society and they still faced racism because they were Indigenous.
Ethnic groups in Canada
Quebec
Newfoundland
Native Americans
First Nations
John Gurdon

Sir John Bertrand Gurdon (JBG) FRS (born 2 October 1933) is a British developmental biologist. He is best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation, and cloning.
Nuclear transplantation means taking the nucleus out of cells in tissue culture and putting them into other cells whose nucleus has been removed. It is called somatic cell nuclear transfer. In this way, specialised cells can be "reprogrammed" to become like stem cells.
Honours and awards
Gurdon was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1971, and was knighted in 1995. In 2004, the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Institute for Cell Biology and Cancer was renamed the Gurdon Institute in his honour. He has also received numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees. He has been awarded the 2009 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research award.
Nobel Prize
In 2012 Gurdon was awarded, jointly with Shinya Yamanaka, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent". "Pluripotent" cells are stem cells.
Research
Nuclear transfer
In 1958, Gurdon, then at the University of Oxford, successfully cloned a frog using intact nuclei from the somatic cells of a Xenopus tadpole. This was an important extension of work of Briggs and King in 1952 on transplanting nuclei from embryonic blastula cells.
Gurdon's experiments captured the attention of the scientific community and the tools and techniques he developed for nuclear transfer are still used today.
At that time he could not conclusively show that the transplanted nuclei derived from a fully differentiated cell. This was finally shown in 1975 by a group working at the Basel Institute for Immunology in Switzerland. They transplanted a nucleus from an antibody-producing lymphocyte (proof that it was fully differentiated) into an enucleated egg and got living tadpoles.
Gurdon's experiments captured the attention of the scientific community and the tools and techniques he developed for nuclear transfer are still used today. The term 'clone' (from the ancient Greek word klon klon = "twig") was already in use since the beginning of the 20th century in reference to plants. In 1963 the British biologist J.B.S. Haldane, in describing Gurdon's results, became one of the first to use the word "clone" in reference to animals.
He was awarded the Lasker Award in 2009 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012.
Messenger RNA expression
Gurdon and colleagues also pioneered the use of Xenopus eggs to translate microinjected messenger RNA molecules. This technique has been widely used to identify the proteins encoded, and to study their function.
Recent research
Gurdon's recent research has focused on analysing intercellular signalling factors involved in cell differentiation, and on elucidating the mechanisms involved in reprogramming the nucleus in transplantation experiments, including demethylation of the transplanted DNA.
References
1933 births
Living people
Agnostics
British Nobel Prize winners
Developmental biologists
English biologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Bachelor
Wolf Prize winners
Academics of the University of Oxford
Bakrani

Bakrani () is a town in Larkana District, Sindh province of Pakistan. This town is 12 km south of Larkana city on the Larkana-Mohenjo-daro road. It has an altitude of 53 metres and is the headquarters of Bakrani Taluka.
References
Larkana District
Le Pouliguen

Le Pouliguen is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Alessandro Tambellini

Alessandro Tambellini (born 30 April 1955) is an Italian politician and professor. Tambellini was born in Lucca, Italy. He is member of the Democratic Party. Tambellini was elected Mayor of Lucca on 20 May 2012 and re-elected for the second term on 25 June 2017.
On 10 March 2020 he announced he had tested positive for COVID-19.
References
Living people
1955 births
Italian mayors
Italian politicians
People from Lucca
Heptachlor

Heptachlor is an insecticide. It was used against ants, termites, against mosquitos of the genus Anopheles, that can spread malaria and as a general pesticide. In humans, heptachlor damages the liver, and the central nervous system. It may cause cancer. It is sold as a powder. The Diels-Alder reaction is used to produce it. The compound is very stable and can stay in the environment for decades.
Hepltachlor is one of the substances listed in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
Chemical compounds
Giorgio Chinaglia

Giorgio Chinaglia (born 24 January 1947 - 1 April 2012) was an Italian football player. He played for Italy's national team
Chinaglia moved to Cardiff, Wales in 1955. He died of a heart attack in Naples, Florida.
Club career statistics
|-
|1965-66||Swansea City||Third Division||5||1
|-
|1966-67||Massese||Serie C||32||5
|-
|1967-68||rowspan="2"|Internapoli Camaldoli||rowspan="2"|Serie C||31||10
|-
|1968-69||35||14
|-
|1969-70||rowspan="7"|Lazio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||28||12
|-
|1970-71||30||9
|-
|1971-72||Serie B||34||21
|-
|1972-73||rowspan="4"|Serie A||30||10
|-
|1973-74||30||24
|-
|1974-75||30||14
|-
|1975-76||27||8
|-
|1976||rowspan="8"|New York Cosmos||rowspan="8"|NASL||19||19
|-
|1977||24||15
|-
|1978||30||34
|-
|1979||27||26
|-
|1980||32||32
|-
|1981||32||29
|-
|1982||32||20
|-
|1983||17||18
5||1
307||127
213||193
525||321
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1972||4||3
|-
|1973||3||0
|-
|1974||4||0
|-
|1975||3||1
|-
!Total||14||4
|}
References
1947 births
2012 deaths
1974 FIFA World Cup players
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Italian footballers
Sportspeople from Cardiff
Sportspeople from Tuscany
People from Carrara
Chetan Bhagat

Chetan Prakash Bhagat (born 22 April 1974) is an Indian author, columnist, Bollywood screenwriter, He honoured as Time magazine's list of World's 100 Most Influential People in 2010.
References
Indian writers
Columnists
Indian screenwriters
Canary

The canary (Serinus canaria), also called the island canary, Atlantic canary or common canary, is a small passerine bird. It belongs to the genus Serinus in the finch family. It is native to the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Madeira. Wild birds are mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back. The species is common in captivity. Different colour varieties have been bred. Canaries are domestic birds. They are popular pets.
Nesting
Canary nests are small and cup-shaped, and the birds build them several feet off the ground in a shrub or a tree. Both members of the pair build the nest, usually with a variety of twigs, sticks, grasses, and more. Females lay an average of three or four eggs per clutch.
Finches
Grand Blanc, Michigan

Grand Blanc is a city in Genesee County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
Motivation

Motivation is an important part of psychology. It is the driving force by which people (or animals) get what they want. A motive is the reason for an action taken.
Motivation arouses a person to act towards a desired goal. It is a driving force which promotes action. For example, hunger is a motivation which causes a desire to eat. "Motivation is an energizer of behavior". It is the purpose or psychological cause of an action.
With animals, motivation is caused by basic needs: needs for food, water, warmth, safety, mating, protecting the young, defending territory, needs to escape pain and threats... The drive to do these things is instinctive, inborn, and triggered by circumstance.
With humans, whose mental life is much more complex, motivation is more complicated. Obviously, humans feel the need for food and water, avoid pain and so on. But they are also capable of having long-term plans which are more difficult to understand.
Drives
A drive or desire is a deficiency or need that activates behaviour aimed at a goal or an incentive.
Drives may arise inside or outside an organism. External drives for humans are rewards and punishments, and can be quite subtle: a frown or a smile may be sufficient for a young person.
Drives often occur within the individual and may not need external stimuli to encourage the behaviour. An example is the sexual drive which is driven by our hormone system. The desire for sex is wired deep into the brain of all human beings as glands secrete hormones that travel through the blood to the brain and stimulates the onset of sexual desire. The process is started by the brain's hypothalamus, which releases pulses of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). This starts a whole chain of reactions which we call "puberty". Longer term, the hormone supporting male sex drive is testosterone, and for women testosterone and oestrogen.
By contrast, outside rewards and stimuli are used in training animals by giving them treats when they perform a trick correctly. The treat motivates the animals to perform the trick consistently, even later when the treat is removed from the process. Children are motivated to learn by approval of friendly adults, and by their own pleasure at success.
Emotions and unconscious motivation
Motivation and emotion are intertwined: "Emotional states tend to have motivational properties".
Not all motivated behaviour is the result of conscious decisions. Freudian psychology suggests that much behaviour is motivated by "unconscious factors, working through a network of defence mechanisms, symbolic disguises and psychological cloaks".
References
5. Motivation is the world of energy, power and positive vibes.
Psychology
Roy Rogers (basketball)

Roy Lee Rogers, Jr. (born August 19, 1973) is an American retired professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played a total of 137 games in the NBA from 1996 until 2000. He played for the Vancouver Grizzlies, Boston Celtics, Toronto Raptors, and the Denver Nuggets. After retiring, Rogers became an assistant coach. He currently serves as an assistant coach for the Washington Wizards of the NBA.
College
Rogers played college basketball for the University of Alabama. He played college basketball with the Crimson Tide from 1992 until 1996.
NBA career
Rogers was drafted by the Vancouver Grizzlies in the first round with the 22nd overall pick in the 1996 NBA Draft. He played a total of 82 games and started 50 games with the Grizzlies. He scored a total of 543 points during his time in Vancouver. On October 28, 1997, the Grizzlies traded Rogers to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Tony Massenburg and a 2nd-round pick in the 1999 NBA draft.
He only played nine games with the Celtics. He scored seven points with them. On February 18, 1998, the Celtics traded Roger along with Chauncey Billups, Dee Brown and John Thomas to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for Kenny Anderson, Popeye Jones and Zan Tabak.
With the Raptors, Rogers played in six games and scored a total of 13 points. On June 9, 1998, the Raptors traded Rogers along with a two 1st-round picks in the 1998 NBA draft to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Kevin Willis.
Rogers did not play for the Rockets and played most of the 1998 season in Italy. On January 22, 1999, the Rockets traded Rogers along with a 2nd-round pick in the 2000 NBA draft to the Chicago Bulls in exchange for Scottie Pippen. Rogers never played a game for the Bulls and they waived him on February 1, 1999.
On October 1, 1999, he signed a contract with the Denver Nuggets. He played 40 games with them. He retired from playing professional basketball in 2004.
After retiring, Rogers joined the Brooklyn Nets as an assistant coach in 2013. He left the next year and joined the Washington Wizards as their assistant coach.
References
Other websites
Player file @ NBA.com
College & NBA stats @ basketballreference.com
1973 births
African-American basketball players
Boston Celtics players
Denver Nuggets players
Living people
Sportspeople from Alabama
Toronto Raptors players
Vancouver Grizzlies players
American basketball players
Hybrid vigour

Hybrid vigour (or hybrid vigor) is the improved activity and survival of hybrid offspring. The technical term in genetics is heterosis.
Inbreeding in a normal population leads to the offspring getting worse, less fit, less fertile and usually not living as long as the parents. The opposite, outbreeding, leads to fit, healthy, fertile offspring. This effect has been known for a long time. Animal breeders have known it since the 18th century, and Darwin investigated it in detail with plants.
On the other hand, when two parents are from widely different populations, such as different subspecies, this usually does not apply. In that case it is more usual for the hybrids to have lower fitness. Mules are usually not fertile, and that automatically makes them of lower fitness, as that term is used in biology. They are very hardy animals, but they leave few offspring. The puzzle for scientists has been to explain these facts.
Genetic theories
When a population is small or inbred, it tends to lose genetic diversity. The loss of fitness is due to loss of genetic diversity. Inbred strains tend to be homozygous for recessive alleles. Recessive alleles tend to be mildly harmful. Heterosis or hybrid vigor, on the other hand, is the tendency of outbred strains to exceed both inbred parents in fitness.
In the early 20th century, after Mendel's laws came to be understood and accepted, two explanations were proposed.
Dominance hypothesis. Undesirable recessive alleles from one parent are suppressed by dominant alleles from the other. Inbred strains lose genetic diversity, because they become homozygous at many loci.
Overdominance hypothesis. Certain combinations of alleles that can be obtained by crossing two inbred strains are advantageous in the heterozygote. Cases such as sickle-cell anaemia show this at one gene locus, and overdominance is explained by this happening at many loci.
Present status
At present, the first idea seems to fit the facts best. "The current view ... is that the dominance hypothesis is the major explanation of inbreeding decline and the high yield of hybrids".
An epigenetic effect heterosis has been found in plants, and also in animals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which repress the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) or degrade mRNAs. The miRNAs may also have an effect on hybrid vigour.
References
Hybrids
51 Pegasi

51 Pegasi is a star that is like our Sun and can be found 15.4 parsecs (50.1 light-years) away from the Earth in the constellation Pegasus. It was the first Sun-like star, other than the Sun, found to have a planet orbiting it, this discovery was first made public in 1995.
The exoplanet's discovery was made public on October 6, 1995 by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz. The discovery was made using the radial velocity method at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, using a tool called the ELODIE spectrograph that is used to find planets that are outside our Solar System.
The star itself has an apparent brightness of 5.49, and because of this it is able to be seen from the Earth with binoculars, or with the naked eye if it is dark outside. 51 Pegasi is a yellow dwarf star that is thought to be around 7.5 billion years old, which is somewhat older than our Sun. 51 Pegasi is also 4-6% more massive than our Sun with more metal content. However, it is running low on hydrogen.
In 1996 astronomers Baliunas, Sokoloff, and Soon calculated that it takes 51 Pegasi b 37 days to orbit 51 Pegasi.
Planetary system
After the announcement, on October 12, 1995, more proof that this star did exist came from Dr. Geoffrey Marcy from San Francisco State University and Dr. R. Paul Butler from the University of California, Berkeley using the Hamilton Spectrograph at the Lick Observatory near San Jose in California.
51 Pegasi b is the first discovered planet of its parent star, 51 Pegasi. If any more are discovered they will be named 51 Pegasi c, 51 Pegasi d, and so on. The planet has been informally named Bellerophon. After its discovery, many teams proved its existence and continued to find out more about its properties, including the fact that it orbits very close to the star, has estimated temperatures around 1200 Celsius, and has a minimum mass about half that of Jupiter.
References
Other websites
Extrasolar Visions: 51 Pegasi
51 Pegasi at SolStation.com.
nStars database entry
David Darling's encyclopedia
Stars
So Far So Good (Bryan Adams album)

So Far So Good is a compilation album by Bryan Adams, released by A&M Records in November 1993. The album reached number six on the Billboard 200 charts in 1993.
The album contains hits from between "Cuts Like a Knife" (1983) and Waking Up the Neighbours (1991), and a new single, "Please Forgive Me". The only song on the album that has never been released as a single is "Kids Wanna Rock" from Reckless (1984).
Originally the song "So Far So Good" was going to be included on the album so the album started and finished with a new song but it was dropped. The song was included on disc two of Anthology.
Track listing
Chart positions
1993 albums
Bryan Adams albums
Greatest hits albums
A&M Records albums
Maggie De Block

Maggie Celine Louise De Block (born 28 April 1962) is a Belgian politician. She is a member of the Flemish liberal party Open Vld. She is the Minister of Social Affairs and Health since 2014 serving under the Charles Michel government.
Critics have said that she does not set the right example as Health Minister due to her obesity and contracting type two diabetes, and she has answered that "I know I'm not a model but you have to see what's inside, not the packaging."
References
Other websites
1962 births
Living people
Government ministers of Belgium
Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten politicians
People from Flemish Brabant
Solar eclipse of July 16, 2186

A total solar eclipse will happen on July 16, 2186. It will pass over the southern Galapagos Islands (with a maximum eclipse of 4 minutes occurring over the southern tip of Espanola Island), northern South America (Ecuador including Bogota for 4 minutes and 50 seconds), central Venezuela, and northern Guyana (with a maximum eclipse of 7 minutes 4 seconds just north of Anna Regina).
This will be the longest total solar eclipse between the dates of 4000 BC and 6000 AD. It will last a maximum of 7 minutes, 29 seconds. The longest historical total eclipse lasted 7 minutes 28 seconds on June 15, 744BC.
References
Other websites
NASA Solar eclipses: 2101 to 2200
Besselian Elements
NASA googlemap of eclipse path
2186 July 16
Future events
2100s
Borgo Maggiore

Borgo Maggiore is one of the 9 communes or "castelli" of San Marino. 6,631 live there (October 2013). It the second largest town of San Marino, after Dogana.
It is next to the San Marino municipalities Serravalle, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, San Marino, and Acquaviva and the Italian municipality Verucchio. It is at the foot of Monte Titano.
References
Municipalities of San Marino
The Mummy and the Hummingbird

The Mummy and the Hummingbird is a lost 1915 American silent drama movie directed by James Durkin and starring Charles Cherry, Arthur Hoops, Lillian Tucker, Claire Zobelle, Nina Lindsey. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
1915 drama movies
American silent movies
American drama movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Separate Vocations

"Separate Vocations" is the 18th episode of the 3th season of The Simpsons. It was first shown on television on February 27, 1992.
Other websites
1992 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 3) episodes
Ivan Gel

Ivan Gel (July 17, 1937, Klitsko (today Lviv Raion) - March 16, 2011) is a Ukrainian politician and dissident. He was a cofounder and a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. Gel was an active participant in public and political life. He is an author of the book "Faces of Culture" about Ukrainian culture under the Russian occupation.
1937 births
2011 deaths
Ukrainian politicians
Division of Gilmore

The Division of Gilmore is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was set up in 1984 and is named for Dame Mary Gilmore, the poet and author. It includes the Budawang and Morton National Parks. The division includes Berry, Bomaderry, Culburra Beach, Gerringong, Kangaroo Valley, Kiama, Milton, Minnamurra, Nowra, Shellharbour, Shell Cove, Sussex Inlet, Ulladulla and Warilla.
Members
Election results
References
Other websites
Division of Gilmore - Australian Electoral Commission
Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1984 establishments in Australia