pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Guo Zhenqian

Guo Zhenqian (; February 1933 - 13 August 2019) was a Chinese Communists politician and banker. He was Governor of Hubei Province from 1985 to 1990, Vice Governor of the People's Bank of China from 1990 to 1993 and Auditor-General of the National Audit Office from 1994 to 1998. Guo was born in Luoning County, Henan.
Guo died on 13 August 2019 in Beijing at the age of 86.
References
1933 births
2019 deaths
Chinese communist politicians
Politicians from Hubei
Muharraq Governorate

The Muharraq Governorate is one of the five governorates of Bahrain. It is together with the municipality of Al Muharraq and with Muharraq Island and with outlying islets. It includes the former municipality of Al Hadd at the southern end of that island.
Muharraq is Bahrain's second largest city and is also called the "Place of Ashes".
Governorates of Bahrain
Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign

Bernie Sanders announced his 2020 United States presidential campaign via email on February 19, 2019. He made the announcement on Vermont Public Radio. This is his second run for the Democratic nomination, following his campaign in the 2016 primaries. He also announced his campaign in an email to his supporters on the same day.
He entered into the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries as one of the front-runner candidates, as compared to his prior 2016 underdog campaign. His 2020 race has more advantages as his policy ideas accepted into the Democratic mainstream.
In a crowded field of primary candidates, Sanders both leads in polling and has the largest fan base than his competition. Policies from his last campaign, such as single-payer healthcare and tuition-free public colleges, had since entered mainstream Democratic thought.
In October 2019, the Bernie Sanders 2020 campaign gained the support of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez.
Some of the main issues the campaign supports are:
Medicare for All - Guaranteed healthcare to all people as a right.
Green New Deal - Invest in renewable energy and create new jobs.
College for All - Make colleges and universities tuition free, and cancel all student debt.
Get Corporate Money Out of Politics - Such as by banning political donations from federal lobbyists and corporations.
A Responsible, Comprehensive Foreign Policy - Implement a foreign policy which focuses on democracy, human rights, diplomacy and peace, and economic fairness.
Jobs for All - enact a federal jobs guarantee.
On April 8, 2020 one day after the Wisconsin primary, Sanders ended his campaign after failing to beat Biden in many primary contests after Super Tuesday. On April 13, Sanders formally endorsed Biden for the Democratic nomination.
References
Bernie Sanders
Sanders
Kongkham

Kongkham is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Other websites
http://www.mychildnames.com/mobile/similar-surname.aspx?surname=Kongkham
http://www.indiachildnames.com/mobile/similarfamilyname.aspx?surname=Kongkham
References
Meitei surnames
Hillsborough disaster

The Hillsborough disaster happened on 15 April 1989. It happened at the Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. A stampede of people in the stadiums caused the deaths of 97 people (all Liverpool supporters). Another 766 people were injured. It happened during the FA Cup semi-final match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest football clubs.
After the disaster, it was believed to be caused by the football fans. However, this turned out not to be true. A later investigation saw that the police were to blame. Ambulances were not able to reach the pitch where the stampede happened, which helped increase the number of people who died. There is a memorial at Hillsborough Stadium in memory of the people who died.
It is the worst disaster in British sporting history.
The newspaper The Sun made an untrue headline, days after the disaster. In February 2017, Liverpool F.C. put a ban on The Sun journalists from entering their grounds in response to the coverage of Hillsborough by the newspaper.
References
1989 disasters
1980s disasters in the United Kingdom
1980s in England
April 1989 events
Football in England
Police misconduct
Sheffield
Think It Over (The Cars song)

"Think It Over" is a song by American new wave band The Cars, featured on their fourth studio album, Shake It Up. It was written by Ric Ocasek.
Release
"Think It Over" was first released on the 1984 album Shake It Up, but following the album's release the song was released as a single in Britain and Australia. Backed with "I'm Not the One" (which later became a hit in its own right) the single made no dent on the charts. The single was not released in America, as the song "Victim of Love" (also from Shake It Up) received the single release instead.
Reception
AllMusic reviewer Greg Prato cited the track as a highlight from Shake It Up, describing it as "almost entirely synth-oriented" and called it one of the "many lesser-known album tracks [on Shake It Up that] prove[d] to be [a] highlight[.]"
References
Other websites
1982 songs
The Cars songs
Volatility

In economics, the term volatility is used to measure how much the price or value of an economic good or service changes over time. Goods or services where the price changes a lot are said to have a high volatility, those that don't have a low volatility. The word come from the Latin verb "volare" meaning "to fly".
In the securities markets, volatility is often associated with big swings in either direction. For example, when the stock market rises and falls more than one percent over a sustained period of time, it is called a "volatile" market. An asset's volatility is a key factor when pricing options contracts. In statistical terms, volatility is the standard deviation of a market or security's annualised returns over a given period - essentially the rate at which its price increases or decreases. Historical volatility is calculated using a series of past market prices, while implied volatility looks at expected future volatility, using the market price of a market-traded derivative like an option.
Causes of volatility
Market volatility is caused by a host of several factors
Political and economic factors
Industry and sector factors
Company performance
Volatility overseas
References
Finance
Storyboard

A storyboard is a way of planning animated films, movies, or television shows. A storyboard shows examples of what the artist wants to make before they are animated. It also lets artists organize their stories before they start to make the animation. Storyboarding, in the form it is known today, was developed at Walt Disney Productions. It was first used in the 1928 animated short film, Plane Crazy." The 1939 movie Gone with the Wind was the first to be completely storyboarded.
References
Other websites
Storyboard from the Movie Gone With the Wind
Storyboards from Ten Popular Films
Movies
Animation
Graphics
Giannina Braschi

Giannina Braschi (San Juan, Puerto Rico, 5 February 1953) is a Puerto Rican poet, novelist, and scholar. Her best-known books are Empire of Dreams, Yo-Yo Boing!, and United States of Banana.
Life
Giannina Braschi was a model, singer, and tennis champion in her childhood. Her family imported cars to Puerto Rico. She studied literature and philosophy in Madrid, Rome, London, Paris, and New York. She has a Ph.D. in Hispanic Literature. She taught at Rutgers University. Her life's work is the subject of the book "Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi".
She is also an activist. She advocates for the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States.
She lives in New York City.
Works
Giannina Braschi writes in Spanish, Spanglish, and English. She writes about love, creativity, immigration, and liberty. She is "one of the most revolutionary" writers in Latin America today." The word "revolutionary" means to her style is very creative. She also writes about revolution.
She wrote the poetry epic Empire of Dreams (1988) about New York City. Her poetry is humorours. She wrote the first Spanglish novel Yo-Yo Boing! (1998). Spanglish is a mix of the English and Spanish languages. She wrote the novel United States of Banana (2011) about terrorism and the collapse of the United States. The novel opens with the fall of the World Trade Center in 2001, and ends with the liberation of Puerto Rico.
Her books have been turned into art books, photography, painting, and sculpture. There is a comic book of United States of Banana (2017) by the Swedish cartoonist Joakim Lindengren. The same book was turned into a play.
Awards
She has won awards from National Endowment for the Arts, New York Foundation for the Arts, Ford Foundation, Danforth, and Reed Foundations, Puerto Rican Institute of Culture, and PEN American Center, among others.
Related pages
Puerto Rican literature
Puerto Rican poetry
Julia de Burgos
Victor Hernandez Cruz
Caribbean poetry
References
American novelists
American playwrights
American essayists
Puerto Rican poets
Puerto Rican educators
List of United States senators from Kansas

This is a list of United States senators from Kansas.
Class 3
Notes
Kansas
United States senators
Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign

The 2016 presidential campaign of Marco Rubio, the junior United States Senator from Florida, and former Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives, was formally announced on April 13, 2015, at an event at the Freedom Tower in Downtown Miami.
Background
Having been considered a potential candidate for Vice President by Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney in 2012, Rubio has been seen as a candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016 since at least the end of the 2012 election. He suspended his campaign on March 15, 2016.
Announcement
On March 30, 2015 Rubio announced on Fox News and through social media that he would be making a "Big Announcement" on April 13 in Miami, Florida. While he did not specify whether the announcement pertained to his reelection as a United States Senator or for the Presidency, most media consensus was that Rubio would be announcing his presidential run. He made the announcement at the Freedom Tower in Downtown Miami.
Fundraising
Rubio raised about $1.25 million online the day after his announcement. By the three-month mark of his campaign - July 13 - Rubio had raised over $12 million.
References
Rubio
Praça da Liberdade

Praca da Liberdade () is a public square in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Other websites
Belo Horizonte
Town squares in Brazil
Patachou

Henriette Ragon (10 June 1918 - 30 April 2015), better known by her stage name Patachou, was a French actress and singer. She appeared on stage, television and movies between 1953 and 2006. She also wrote at least twenty songs. On 1 January 2009, she was awarded the Legion of Honour.
Patachou was born in Paris. Her son, Pierre Billon (born 1946), is a songwriter.
Patachou died on 30 April 2015 in Paris, aged 96.
References
Other websites
1918 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Paris
French movie actors
French stage actors
French television actors
Legion of Honour
Singers from Paris
Saint-Floris

Saint-Floris is a commune. It is in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department. This in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Antalya Province

Antalya Province is on the Mediterranean coast of south-west Turkey, between the Taurus Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea.
Antalya Province is the centre of Turkey's tourism industry. 30% of foreign tourists who come to Turkey comehere . Its capital city, Antalya was the world's third most visited city by number of international arrivals in 2011.
Antalya Province
Naohiro Tamura

is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="3"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||22||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|2003||6||0||||||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2004||Ehime||Football League||6||1||||||colspan="2"|-||6||1
34||1||3||0||0||0||37||1
34||1||3||0||0||0||37||1
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokushima Prefecture
Approximation theory

Approximation theory is a field of mathematics which is concerned with approximating the values of a function. Usually, the approximation is only needed for a range of values or domain. A good approximation will only have a small error in the domain of interest.
There are different ways in which this approximation is done: common ones are using a combination of simpler functions or using polynomials.
Related pages
Curve fitting
Taylor series
Further reading
Trefethen, L. N. (2019). Approximation theory and approximation practice. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Mathematical approximation
Rorschwihr

Rorschwihr is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department east France. In 2015, 382 people lived there.
Rorschwihr is at the bottom of Vosges Mountains, between Selestat and Ribeauville.
Population
Related pages
Communes of the Haut-Rhin department
References
INSEE commune file
Other websites
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Errol Barrow

Errol Walton Barrow, PC, Queen's Counsel (21 January 1920 - 1 June 1987) was a Barbadian politician and statesman and was the nations and country's first Prime Minister of Barbados. He served as the first Prime Minister of Barbados from 30 November 1966 - 8 September 1976 for his first term and again from 29 May 1986 - 1 June 1987 as his second term. He served twice as Head of government of Barbados. He also served as the third Premier of Barbados from 4 December 1961 - 30 November 1966 under British rule until independence on 30 November 1966 and as the nation's and Country's first Prime minister after Independence that same year of 1966. He is considered to have been the principal architect of Barbadian Independence. Today he is referred by many as the ''Father of the Barbadian Nation'' and the ''National Hero of Barbados''. Barrow effectively dominated Barbadian politics from 1961 until his death on 1 June 1987, serving as the nation's and Country Head of government under various titles for most of that period as Premier of Barbados and then Prime Minister of Barbados. Born into a family of political and civic activists in the parish of Saint Lucy, Barbados. He was also known and nicknamed as "Dipper Barrow" within the country and Nation itself because of the great work that he has done and devoted to the country of Barbados itself.
Biography
Born on 21 January 1920 in the Parish of Saint Lucy, Barbados , his parents names are unknown. Errol Walton Barrow was the youngest among his sibling of his Sister Nita Barrow. He had one Sister only. At the age of 7 in 1927, Barrow traveled abroad for his Primary education and Secondary education to the United Kingdom on the advice of his parents because education was weak in Barbados then in the 1920s and his family wanted him to presue his education abroad to become a successful person in the future. So when he and his family reached the United Kingdom In 1927 when Barrow was 7 years old and Nita Barrow was 11 years old.
1920 births
1987 deaths
Prime Ministers of Barbados
North American politicians
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Lawyers
Military personnel of World War II
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Barbadian King's Counsel
Exosphere

The exosphere is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planet or natural satellite. Its molecules are gravitationally bound to that body. The density is so low that the molecules are essentially collisionless. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer,
The lightest atmospheric gases such as hydrogen and helium exist throughout the exosphere. Heavier ones like carbon dioxide and atomic oxygen are near the base. There are two borders to the exosphere; the lower boundary and the upper boundary. The lower boundary is about 500-800 km (300-500 miles) above the surface and is called the exobase. It is also called the thermopause because it is in between the exosphere and the thermosphere. The molecules are moving very fast, so the temperature in this zone is thought to be thousands of degrees celsius.
References
Layers of Earth's atmosphere
Ralph Metzner

Ralph Metzner (May 18, 1936 - March 14, 2019) was an American psychologist, and writer. He was born in 1936, in Germany. With Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert he was involved in a series of tests done at Harvard University, in the 1960s. These tests involved psychedelic drugs.
In the 1960s, professors Timothy Leary, Ralph Metzner and Richard Alpert collaborated on a book titled The Psychedelic Experience, which adapted portions of the Tibetan Book of the Dead as a guide for use in LSD experiences. They hoped to give users of LSD a simulation of death and rebirth, to "liberate" them from past problems or mistakes in their lives.
References
American psychologists
1936 births
2019 deaths
Harvard University faculty
María Eugenia Suárez

Maria Eugenia Suarez Riveiro (Born, March 9, 1992) also known as Eugenia Suarez or China Suarez is an Argentine actress, singer, model and fashion designer.
Biography
She was born on March 9, 1992 in the city of Buenos Aires, the daughter of Guillermo Suarez and Marcela Riveiro Mitsumori. She has an older brother, Agustin. On the paternal side of her family, she has Spanish ancestry, from Galicia and Catalonia, while on her maternal side she has Japanese ancestry, from the Prefecture of Kochi, since her maternal grandmother, Marta Mitsumori, is the daughter of Japanese immigrants born in Argentina.
It is because of her Japanese roots that she is affectionately called "China", because according to Suarez herself, "Japonesa" was a very long nickname for her.
In July 2013, she gave birth to her first daughter, Rufina Cabre Suarez, with her partner at the time, the Argentine actor Nicolas Cabre, In November 2013, she separated from the actor.
In February 2018 she had her second daughter, Magnolia Vicuna Suarez, with Chilean actor Benjamin Vicuna. In July 2020 her third child was born, and second with Benjamin Vicuna, Amancio Vicuna Suarez. In August In 2021, Suarez broke off her relationship with the actor after six years.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
Other websites
https://www.twitter.com/chinasuarez
Pataskala, Ohio

Pataskala is a city in Ohio in the United States.
Cities in Ohio
Podkarpackie (European Parliament constituency)

Subcaparthian (), officially called Poland's 9th European Parliament constituency (), is a European Parliament constituency in Poland. It represents the Subcaparthian Voivodeship. It was created in 2004.
Election results
References
European Parliament constituencies in Poland
St. Anger

St. Anger is the 8th studio album by American thrash metal band Metallica. It was released on June 5, 2003. It was their last album released by Elektra Records. Four singles were released from the album. In 2004, the album's lead single, "St. Anger", won a Grammy Award for "Best Metal Performance". A lot of people did not like the style of this album and the way the drums sounded. It also has a free DVD that has the band playing the entire album in a studio.
Track listing
Metallica albums
2003 albums
Buckshot Hoffner

Sebastian Fabian Hoffner, known by his nickname Buckshot Hoffner (January 20, 1924 - December 17, 2015), was an American politician. He was a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives and North Dakota State Senate for 18 years in total.
He was born and raised in Esmond, North Dakota. He was a veteran of World War II. Hoffner served as a Democrat in three separate stints in the House of Representatives: from 1962 to 1966, 1968 to 1972 and 1983 to 1984 in addition to serving as the House's minority leader in the 1971 session. During his eight years in the Senate from 1972 to 1980, he was its minority leader from 1975 to 1980.
Hoffner died on December 17, 2015 in Bismarck, North Dakota from heart failure, aged 91.
References
1924 births
2015 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from heart failure
Politicians from North Dakota
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Military people from North Dakota
Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)

The Minister of Foreign Affairs is a senior member of the New Zealand Government heading the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. They are responsible for relations with foreign countries.
The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Nanaia Mahuta.
References
Government of New Zealand
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was a rally held on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. on 28 August 1963. It was where Martin Luther King, Jr gave his famous I Have a Dream speech. After the march, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the National Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed. There were over 200,000 people there, both black and white.
Organization and planning
The march was first planned by A. Philip Randolph, who was the president of the Negro American Labor Council, and vice president of the AFL-CIO. He had planned another civil rights march in 1941, but it never happened. However, the threat of the march was a big reason why President Roosevelt wrote Executive Order 8802. This forced equal opportunity in the defense industry, which meant that all workers had to be treated the same, no matter what their race was.
Other leaders of civil rights movement helped Randolph plan the march and spread the word to their members. Some of the most important were James Farmer, (president of the Congress of Racial Equality), John Lewis (president of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), Martin Luther King, Jr. (president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference), Roy Wilkins (president of the NAACP), and Whitney Young (president of the National Urban League)..
Protection
Many people were worried for the marchers' safety. Black nationalist leader Malcolm X sent an open telegram to George Lincoln Rockwell, the leader of the Nazi Party in the United States. Malcolm wrote:
The Washington DC Police department looked for black police officers from around the country to protect King during the march and speeches. They thought the presence of black officers would be more calming if trouble broke out.
References
Other websites
Official program for the March on Washington
Witnesses to History, 50 Years Later
1960s in Washington, D.C.
Martin Luther King Jr.
1963 in the United States
August events
NGC 704

NGC 704 is a lenticular galaxy in the Andromeda constellation. It is about 218 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Lenticular galaxies
Agent Cody Banks

'''Agent Cody Banks''' is an American film set in 2002.
Synopsis
Cody Banks is a 15-year-old who is bullied 11th grader. He has to fight bullies and throw them in the water.
References
Movies about bullying
Missouri Valley, Iowa

Missouri Valley is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Coad's riffle minnow

Coad's riffle minnow (scientific name: Alburnoides coadi) is a type of freshwater fish.
References
Freshwater fish
Cypriniformes
Ptyctodontida

The Ptyctodontida are an order of Devonian chimaera-like placoderms containing the family Ptyctodontidae. They are the only placoderms to be sexually dimorphic. Some paleontologists believe that they may have been an early ancestor of modern-day sharks.
According to The Content Authority, they are cartilaginous fishes, but this is not commonly accepted by many people because we believe they are placoderms. It means "folded teeth" in Latin. Like today's cartilaginous fish, they had the possession of claspers.
Genera
Eczematolepis
Main article: Eczematolepis
Ctenurella
Main article: Ctenurella
Materpiscis
Main article: Materpiscis
Materpiscis (Latin for "mother fish") is a genus of ptyctodontid placoderm from the late Devonian period, about 380 million years ago.
Campbellodus
Main article: Campbellodus
Ptyctodus
Main article: Ptyctodus
Ptyctodus is the type genus of this order and family.
Kimbryanodus
Main article: Kimbryanodus
Description
Ptyctodontids resembled the modern-day chimaeras of the Holocephali, like the acanthothoracids. They had big heads, big eyes, reduced armor and long bodies.
Campbellodus
Campbellodus resembled a scaly cardboard box with the tail of a halosaur. It did not resemble a holocephalian at all, but it is still a ptyctodont.
Kimbryanodus
Kimbryanodus resembled an arthrodire, again with a halosaur's tail. The fossils occur as small three dimensional isolated plates.
Related pages
Acanthothoraci, another chimaera-like placoderm group
Phyllolepida
Antiarchi
Stensioella
Brindabellaspis
Galeaspida
Rolfosteus
References
Long, John A. (1996): The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. ISBN 0-8018-5438-5
Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Placodermi entry)" . Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
Other websites
Ptyctodontida on English Wikipedia
Ptyctodontid vs Ptyctodontida: Meaning And Differences
Extinct fish
Placoderms
Devonian
Speed badminton

Speed Badminton (or "Speedminton") is a form of badminton played without a net. It is faster than ordinary badminton. It combines rules from different sports like badminton, squash and tennis. Today, Speedminton is played all around the world. There are about 3,000 registered players that compete internationally and about 2 million players around the world.
There is no net in between players. There is also no firm rules about where it is played. It can be played on tennis courts, streets, beaches, fields or gyms. The court is two squares of 5.50-metre (18 ft) length. They are fixed opposite to each other at a distance of 12.8 m (42 ft).
There are tournaments all over the world. Tournaments are organized into a growing number of clubs. In some countries, associations are already established, for example the German Speed Badminton Association (DSBV) and the Swiss Speed Badminton (SSB). On August 25, 2011 the international Speed Badminton Organization (ISBO) was founded in Berlin.
Badminton
Martin Brill

Martin Leonard Brill is a retired fencer from New Zealand. Martin competed at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on April 7, 1956.
References
Other websites
1956 births
Living people
New Zealand Olympians
Fencers
Sportspeople from Staffordshire
People from Stoke-on-Trent
Bay St. Louis, Mississippi

Bay Saint Louis is a city in Hancock County, Mississippi. It is part of the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, 8,209 people lived there. It is the county seat of Hancock County. Like several other upper Gulf Coast cities, Bay Saint Louis was devastated by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005.
References
County seats in Mississippi
Cities in Mississippi
Aneby

Aneby is an urban area in the county of Jonkoping in Sweden. It is the seat of Aneby Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Jonkoping County
Ribozyme

A ribozyme (ribonucleic acid enzyme) is an RNA molecule that can help certain biochemical reactions. similar to the action of protein enzymes.
Also called catalytic RNA, ribozymes work in the ribosome to link amino acids during protein synthesis. They also take part in RNA splicing, viral replication, and transfer RNA biosynthesis.
The 1981 discovery of ribozymes showed RNA can be both genetic material (like DNA) and a biological catalyst (like enzymes). This led to the RNA world hypothesis, in which RNA acts in the evolution of prebiotic self-replicating systems.
Investigators studying the origin of life have produced ribozymes in the laboratory that can catalyze their own synthesis under certain conditions, such as an RNA polymerase ribozyme. Improved variants of the "Round-18" polymerase ribozyme have been developed. "B6.61" is able to add up to 20 nucleotides to a primer template in 24 hours, until it decomposes by cleavage of its phosphodiester bonds. The "tC19Z" ribozyme can add up to 95 nucleotides with great accuracy.
Some ribozymes may play an important role as therapeutic agents, as enzymes which target defined RNA sequences for cleavage, as biosensors, and for applications in genomics and gene discovery.
History
In 1967, Carl Woese, Francis Crick, and Leslie Orgel suggested that RNA could act as a catalyst. It was discovered that RNA can form complex secondary structures.
The first ribozymes were discovered in the 1980s. In 1989, Thomas Cech and Sidney Altman won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their "discovery of catalytic properties of RNA".
References
RNA
Enzymes
Two Captains (movie)

Two Captains () is a 1955 Soviet adventure movie directed by Vladimir Vengerov. It stars Aleksandr Mikhaylov, Olga Zabotkina, and Anatoly Adoskin.
Actors
Aleksandr Mikhaylov as Sanya Grigoryev
Olga Zabotkina as Katya Tatarinova
Anatoly Adoskin as Valya Zhukov
Yevgeni Lebedev as Romashov
Borya Belyayev as Sanya Grigoryev in childhood
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1955 movies
Soviet adventure movies
Severan dynasty

|The Severan Tondo, showing Septimius Severus and his sons
The Severan dynasty was a Berbers imperial dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 193 and 235. The dynasty was founded by the Roman general Septimius Severus, who rose to power during the civil war of 193, known as the Year of the Five Emperors.
Although Septimius Severus successfully restored peace following the upheaval of the late 2nd century, the dynasty was disturbed by unstable family relationships, and constant political turmoil. It foreshadowed the coming Crisis of the Third Century. It was the last lineage of the Principate founded by Augustus.
Sequence
Dates represent status of Augustus.
Septimius Severus (193-211)
Caracalla (198-217): eldest son. Cruel and treacherous; murdered his brother. It is said that 20,000 people were killed or proscribed (declared 'enemies of the state') by him.
Geta (209-211) younger son; junior co-emperor on his father's death. He was murdered by Caracalla.
Macrinus (217-218): Not a relative; he was the Praetorian Prefect who assassinated Caracalla.
Elagabalus (Varius Avitus Bassianus, 218-222): a relative, and a teenager (b. ~203/205), rumoured to be transgender and bisexual. Murdered by the Praetorian Guard.
Alexander Severus (222-235): cousin of Elagabalus; also a teenager. The best of the later Severids, ruled well with the help of his able mother. Mismanaged a war against Germans invading Gaul, and was overthrown by the soldiers.
The end of the Severids marked the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
References
2nd-century Roman emperors
3rd-century Roman emperors
Marc Houalla

Marc Houalla (born 10 February 1961 at Rueil-Malmaison) is a French aerospace engineer.
From the 28th of November 2008 to October 2017, he is the head of the French Civil Aviation University.
Graduate from the ENAC (IENAC L82) and having a MBA from HEC Paris (1990), he has done different jobs in air transport such as director of SEFA before being joining the French Civil Aviation University.
From November 2017 to February 2018, Marc Houalla is head of the Orly Airport and honorary President of ENAC Alumni. Since February 2018, he is head of the Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport. Since March 2018, he is also head of ENAC Alumni.
Award
Chevalier of the Ordre National du Merite
References
Further reading
Academie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les francais du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()
1961 births
Living people
Alumni of the Ecole nationale de l'aviation civile
Alumni of HEC Paris
French aviators
Heads of the French Civil Aviation University
Jacksboro, Texas

Jacksboro is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Jack County. Downtown Jacksboro has two major highways that pass through; U.S. Highway 281, and U.S. Highway 380. On the east side of Jacksboro lies Lake Jacksboro, which consists of a natural lake and a man-made lake, separated by a dam. The town has 4,209 people living in it, according to Google.
History
19th Century
Jacksboro was settled in 1850 by settlers that were attracted by land offers made by the Texas Emigration & Land Office. Jacksboro was originally called Mesquiteville. The town began around Lost Creek, a stream near downtown Jacksboro that emptied into Lake Jacksboro. Jacksboro became the county seat of Jack County in 1859, and was renamed to Jacksboro, in honor of William and Patrick Jack, who fought in the Texas Revolution.
Jacksboro was one of the only towns to vote against leaving the United States and joining the Confederacy. Native American raids continued until 1870, after Fort Richardson was built to protect Jacksboro.
Jacksboro got national attention in 1871 when the Kiowa chiefs Satana and Big Tree were tried in the Jack County courthouse, the first time any Native American was tried under the United States law.
20th & 21st Century
Jacksboro may have formed the first Texas state 4H club, that was claimed to be formed in the 1910's.
On March 24, 2023, an EF3 tornado passed through Jacksboro, causing damage to estimately 80 homes or more and damaging the Elementary and High schools.
References
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Suzanne Crough

Suzanne J. Crough (March 6, 1963 - April 27, 2015) was an American actress best known for her role as Tracy Partridge, from the hit television sitcom The Partridge Family, which ran from September 25, 1970 until March 23, 1974.
Crough was born in Fullerton, California. She was married and had two daughters.
Crough died on April 27, 2015 at her home in Laughlin, Nevada from cardiomyopathy, aged 52.
References
Other websites
1963 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cardiomyopathy
Actors from Orange County, California
American child actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Disease-related deaths in Nevada
The Bulls and the Lion

The Bulls and the Lion is one of Aesop's Fables. It teaches that friends should stick together against enemies.
A lion saw some bulls in a field. He wanted to eat them. But he knew they would fight back together. So the lion made the bulls angry at each other. The bulls stopped being friends.
The lion killed the bulls one by one. None of the bulls could fight the lion alone.
The story teaches that enemies will try to break up friendships. Friends should not listen to people trying to make them argue. They should work together against enemies. Some versions tell leaders to keep their people united. Then enemies cannot defeat them.
The fable has been translated into many languages. Artists have made many pictures to go with the story. Poets have written longer versions to teach the message. One poem in the 1700s used 13 bulls, like the 13 American colonies. It said they should unite against Britain, their enemy.
The fable shows why friends and allies should cooperate against enemies, instead of arguing amongst themselves.
Lesson
Friends and allies should stick together against enemies. Do not let outsiders cause fights between you.
Sources
Aesop's Fables by Aesop
The Fables of Aesop by Joseph Jacobs (1894)
Aesop's Fables
Baitadi District

Baitadi District ( ) is a district of Nepal. It is in the Sudurpashchim Province. Baitadi is the headquarters of this district.
Related pages
Zones of Nepal
Districts of Nepal
References
Other websites
Districts of Nepal
Shogi

is also known as Japanese chess. It is a two-player board game in the same family as International chess, and Chinese Xiangqi. Shogi is the most popular of a family of chess variants, and is native to Japan. Shogi means general's (sho) boardgame (gi). In early years, however, shogi was written Xiang Qi (the same as Xiangqi, "elephant chess").
The earliest predecessors of the game, chaturanga, originated in India in the 6th century AD, and spread from China to Japan, where it spawned a number of variants. Shogi in its present form was played as early as the 16th century, while a direct ancestor without the "drop rule" was recorded from 1210 in a historical document Nichureki, which is an edited copy of Shochureki and Kaichureki from the late Heian period (~1120).
According to ChessVariants.com, "Perhaps the enduring popularity of Shogi can be attributed to its 'drop rule'; it was the first chess variant wherein captured pieces could be returned to the board to be used as one's own. This has the consequence that few games are drawn, which is a weakness of international chess. David Pritchard credits the drop rule to the practice of 16th century mercenaries (ronin) who switched loyalties when captured--no doubt as an alternative to execution".
History of chess
Famous players
Hiroe Nakai, Ichiyo Shimizu, Kana Satomi - One of the strongest women shogi players in Japan
References
Chess variants
Sport in Japan
Laurent Gbagbo

Koudou Laurent Gbagbo (Gagnoa Bete: ; ; born 31 May 1945) is an Ivorian politician who was the President of Cote d'Ivoire from 2000 until his arrest in April 2011.
Notes
References
1945 births
Living people
Presidents of Ivory Coast
Criminals
Vincent Gardenia

Vincent Gardenia (January 7, 1920 - December 9, 1992) was an Italian-American actor. He was born in Ercolano, Italy. In 1955, Gardenia was in Gunsmoke. Vincent Gardenia played Frank Lorenzo in the famous 1970s sitcom All in the Family. In 1990, Vincent won the Outstanding Supporting Actor award.
Gardenia died on December 9, 1992 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the age of 72.
Other websites
1920 births
1992 deaths
American television actors
Italian television actors
Paris, Idaho

Paris is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
County seats in Idaho
Fitou

Fitou is a commune of 1,060 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Deuteragonist

In fiction a deuteragonist is the second most important character after the protagonist.
Fictional characters
Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)

Celebrity Big Brother is an American reality television series which is based on the show Big Brother. It follows the same format. A group of celebrities live in a house together and are watched by cameras. They must complete challenges and must vote each other out until one remains as the winner. It airs on CBS and is hosted by Julie Chen Moonves.
Overview
Season 1
The first season aired in 2018. It began on February 7 2018 and ended on February 25. The contestants were revealed during a live pre-show of the 2018 Grammy Awards.
Season 2
Season 2 aired in 2019. There were 11 contestants. However, Anthony Scaramucci was a guest in the house until Day 6.
Season 3
Season 3 aired in 2022.
Big Brother seasons
Big Brother
Yoichiro Kakitani

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kakitani was born in Osaka on January 3, 1990. He joined J1 League club Cerezo Osaka from their youth team in 2006. However Cerezo was relegated to J2 League end of the 2006 season. He played many matches from 2007. In June 2009, he moved to Tokushima Vortis on loan. He played as regular player until the 2011 season. In 2012, he returned to Cerezo which playing in J1. In 2013, he scored 21 goals and was selected Best Eleven award. In July 2014, he moved to Swiss Super League club Basel. In January 2016, he returned to Cerezo which playing in J2. Cerezo was promoted to J1 from 2017. In 2017, Cerezo won the champions in the J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup. In 2021, he moved to Nagoya Grampus.
In July 2013, Kakitani was selected the Japan national team for 2013 East Asian Cup. At this tournament, he debuted and scored a goal against China on July 21. In 2014, he also played at 2014 World Cup. He played 18 games and scored 5 goals for Japan until 2014.
Statistics
|-
|2006||rowspan="4"|Cerezo Osaka||J1 League||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|J2 League||21||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||2
|-
|2008||24||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|-
|2009||6||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||2
|-
|2009||rowspan="3"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="3"|J2 League||27||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||4
|-
|2010||34||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||36||4
|-
|2011||36||6||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||37||6
|-
|2012||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="3"|J1 League||30||11||3||1||7||5||colspan="2"|-||40||17
|-
|2013||34||21||0||0||8||3||colspan="2"|-||42||24
|-
|2014||14||1||0||0||0||0||8||4||22||5
|-
|2014/15||rowspan="2"|Basel||rowspan="2"|Super League||14||3||3||4||colspan="2"|-||3||0||20||7
|-
|2015/16||4||1||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||9||1
|-
|2016||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||J2 League||20||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||5
|-
|2017||rowspan="4"|J1 League||34||6||3||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||42||8
|-
|2018||21||4||2||0||2||0||3||1||28||5
|-
|2019||23||3||3||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||30||4
|-
|2020||24||1||colspan="2"|-||4||1||colspan="2"|-||28||2
|-
|2019||Cerezo Osaka U-23||J3 League||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2021||Nagoya Grampus||J1 League||||||||||||||||||||
350||70||16||3||30||10||11||5||407||88
18||4||8||4||colspan="2"|-||3||0||29||8
368||74||24||7||30||10||14||5||436||96
|}
|-
|2013||9||4
|-
|2014||9||1
|-
!Total||18||5
|}
References
Other websites
1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Cerezo Osaka players
Cerezo Osaka U-23 players
Tokushima Vortis players
Nagoya Grampus players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Cambria, Illinois

Cambria is a village of Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Garbagna Novarese

Garbagna Novarese is a comune in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Écoust-Saint-Mein

Ecoust-Saint-Mein is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
My Old School (song)

"My Old School" is a 1973 song by Steely Dan and is the second single from their second studio album Countdown to Ecstasy. It went to number 63 in the United States and tells the story of the May 1969 drug bust at Bard School.
References
1973 songs
Steely Dan songs
Pop rock songs
Jazz pop songs
Jazz rock songs
Hirvensalmi

Hirvensalmi is a municipality in Southern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 2,350 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Joutsa, Kangasniemi, Mikkeli, Mantyharju and Pertunmaa.
The municipality was established in 1656.
Villages
Hirvenlahti, Hirvensalmi (urban area), Hurrila, Hameenmaki, Kekkola, Kilkki, Kissakoski, Kotkatvesi, Kuitula, Lahnaniemi, Lelkola, Malvaniemi, Merrasmaki, Monikkala, Noitti, Parkkola, Puukonsaari, Pyornila, Paaskynsaari, Poyry (Hirvensalmi), Ripatti, Suonsalmi, Syvasmaki, Tuukkala, Vahvamaki, Vahvaselka and Vaisalansaari.
Other websites
The official Hirvensalmi page
Municipalities of South Savo
1656 establishments
1650s establishments in Europe
17th-century establishments in Finland
Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine

Philippe of Lorraine (1643 - 8 December 1702), known as the Chevalier de Lorraine, was a French nobleman and member of the House of Guise, cadet of the Ducal House of Lorraine. He was the renowned lover of Philippe of France, Duke of Orleans, Monsieur, only brother of Louis XIV. Even though he never married, he is said to have had illegitimate children.
LGBT people
1643 births
1702 deaths
Noblemen from France
University of Kashmir

The University of Kashmir (also known as Kashmir University and abbreviated as KU) is a university located in Srinagar, in the Indian Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Talat Ahmad was appointed as the Vice Chancelor of the KU in August 2018.
References
1940s establishments in India
1948 establishments in Asia
Colleges and universities in India
Jammu and Kashmir
Harry Duynhoven

Harry James Duynhoven (born 1955) is a New Zealand politician and member of the New Zealand Labour Party. He was the mayor of the city of New Plymouth from 2010 until 2013. He was a Member of Parliament for the New Plymouth electorate from 1987-1990, from 1993-2003, and again from 2003-2008.
Duynhoven was elected as Mayor of New Plymouth in October 2010.
References
1955 births
Living people
New Zealand politicians
Circinus galaxy

The Circinus galaxy (ESO 97-G13) is a Seyfert galaxy, very bright and emitting huge amounts of electromagnetic radiation.
Circinus is in a constellation of the same name, Circinus (constellation). It is one of the closest and nearest galaxies to the Milky Way. It is probably slightly further away than Centaurus A.
The galaxy just 4 degrees below the galactic plane and 13 million light years from our galaxy. Its outer ring is 700 light years from the galaxy's centre, and the inner ring just 130 light years from the centre. You can see the galaxy with a small telescope.
The galaxy was not noticed until 1977 because it lies close to the plane of the Milky Way and is obscured by galactic dust.
References
Other websites
Active Galaxy Circinus-ESA/HUBBLE
The Circinus Galaxy-ESO
Galaxies
Grandma Lee

Frances Lee Strong (May 29, 1934 - April 24, 2020), better known by her stage name Grandma Lee, was an American stand-up comedian. Lee was a contestant on the fourth season of America's Got Talent. She was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
In 2009, she participated on the reality series America's Got Talent. Although she made it to the top 10, she was in the bottom 5 and was eliminated from the competition in the finale on September 16, 2009. She told People, "[My] material is based on the truth. I won't say a cuss word or anything to jeopardize [myself]. I can do clean or edgy."
Strong died on April 24, 2020 at an assisted living facility in Jacksonville, Florida from problems caused by a broken hip, aged 85.
References
1934 births
2020 deaths
Comedians from Oklahoma
People from Oklahoma City
Deaths from fractured hip
Heinz F. Dressel

Heinz Friedrich Dressel (28 September 1929 - 4 August 2017) was a German theologian and writer. He was born in Marktredwitz, Germany. His work focused on human rights and the history of Brazil. He wrote many books about the history of Latin America and views of Christianity.
Dressel died on 4 August 2017 in Nuremberg, Germany at the age of 87.
References
Other websites
1929 births
2017 deaths
German theologians
German historians
Writers from Bavaria
Ian McShane

Ian David McShane (born September 29, 1942) is an English movie, television, stage, voice actor, movie director, movie producer, and comedian. He is known for his roles as Lovejoy in the series of the same name, Tai Lung in Kung Fu Panda, and Blackbeard in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides. He has won a TCA Award and a Golden Globe Award.
McShane was born on September 29, 1942 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England. He studied at Stretford Grammar School. He was married to Suzan Farmer from 1965 until they divorced in 1968. Then he was married to Ruth Post from 1970 until they divorced in 1976. He has been married to Gwen Humble since 1980. He was partners with Sylvia Kristel from 1977 until they split up in 1982. He has two children by Post.
References
Other websites
1942 births
Living people
Actors from Lancashire
English movie actors
English movie directors
English movie producers
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors