pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Scarlett Johansson

Scarlett Johansson (born November 22, 1984) is an American actress, model and singer. She is best known for her roles in the movies The Avengers, Lost in Translation, Girl With a Pearl Earring, Match Point, and The Prestige.
Early life
Scarlett Johansson was born in New York City, New York on November 22, 1984. Her father, Karsten Johansson, is a Danish-born architect originally from Copenhagen, and her paternal grandfather, Ejner Johansson, was a screenwriter and director. Her mother, Melanie Sloan, a producer, comes from an Ashkenazi Jewish family from the Bronx. Melanie's ancestors emigrated to New York from Minsk, Tsarist Russia. She has an older sister, Vanessa, also an actress; an older brother, Adrian; a twin brother, Hunter (who appeared with her in the film Manny & Lo); and an older half-brother, Christian, from her father's first marriage.
Personal life
Politics
Johansson is registered as an independent and campaigned for Democratic candidate John Kerry in the 2004 United States presidential election. About George W. Bush's 2004 reelection, she said, "[I am] disappointed. I think it was a disappointment for a large percentage of the population." Johansson also campaigned for Democratic candidate Barack Obama: Her efforts included appearances in Iowa during January 2008, where her efforts were targeted at younger voters; an appearance at Cornell College; and a speaking engagement at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota on Super Tuesday, 2008. Johansson appeared in the 2008 music video for The Black Eyed Peas front man will.i.am's song, "Yes We Can", directed by Jesse Dylan, a song inspired by Obama's speech following the 2008 New Hampshire primary. On February 7, 2012, Johansson and Anna Wintour hosted a fashion launch of pro-Obama clothing, bags and accessories, with proceeds going to the President's re-election campaign. She addressed voters at the Democratic National Convention on September 6, 2012, calling for President Obama's reelection and for more engagement from young voters.
References
Other websites
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Jewish American musicians
Models from New York City
Singers from New York City
1984 births
Living people
Reading Rainbow

Reading Rainbow is an American children's television series. It aired on PBS Kids from June 6, 1983 until November 10, 2006. It encouraged children to read. In 2012, an iPad and Kindle Fire educational interactive book was launched with the Reading Rainbow name.
The public television series won over 200 broadcast awards, including a Peabody Award and 26 Emmy Awards. Eleven of those awards were in the "Outstanding Children's Series" category.
When the show was canceled in 2006, reruns ran until August 28, 2009.
The original team included Lynne Brenner Ganek, Ellen Schecter, and LeVar Burton.
References
PBS Kids shows
American children's television series
1983 American television series debuts
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2006 American television series endings
Emmy Award winning programs
Peabody Award winners
English-language television programs
Bell AH-1 Cobra

The Bell AH-1 Cobra is an American military helicopter. It is an attack helicopter. It is made by Bell Helicopter company. It has one engine. Its first flight was on 7 September 1967. The United States Army don't use the AH-1 any more, and replaced it with the AH-64 Apache. The single-engine AH-1 Cobra is still active in some other countries like Israel and Iran. The United States Marine Corps still use the two-engine Bell AH-1 SuperCobra. The Cobra's weapons are:
two 7.62 mm multi-barrel miniguns or two M129 Grenade launchers
Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket
M61 Vulcan
Operational History
United States
Tet Offensive in 1968 and through the end of the Vietnam War. In this war it was used for attacking enemy ground forces, escorting transport helicopters and other roles.
Operation Urgent Fury, 1983 Invasion of Grenada. In this operation it was used for flying close-support and helicopter escort missions.
Operation Just Cause, 1989 Invasion of Panama.
Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm in the Gulf War (1990-91).
Operation Restore Hope in Somalia in 1993.
1994 Invasion of Haiti.
Iran
Iran-Iraq War
Israel
The first combat mission of AH-1 Cobra in Israel was on 9 May 1979. From this time on it was used in many operations against the Lebanese anti-Israeli groups. One of its important operations was in 1982 Lebanon war.
Pakistan
Balochistan conflict
It was used in some operations against Taliban and al-Qaeda and the tribes, that helped them.
References
Helicopters
AH-1
United States military aircraft
Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui

"Ia Ora 'o Tahiti Nui" (; ; "Long Live Tahiti Nui") is the anthem of French Polynesia. At official occasions, it is played alongside the French national anthem, "La Marseillaise".
Lyrics
References
Oceanian anthems
French Polynesia
French anthems
Monk parakeet

The Monk parakeet, Quaker parrot, or Seatowerian Budgerigar (binomial name Myiopsitta monachus) is a species of parrot of the true parrots family. It lives in Argentina and the countries around South America. The bird is also known for passing one of its tail feathers through its bill to reconnect the barbules. This locking process is similar to pressing Velcro strips together.
Description
The parakeet is on average 29 cm long, with a 48 cm wingspan, and weighs 100 g. Females tend to be 10-20% smaller, but it is hard to tell the sexes apart, unless they test the feather or blood DNA. It has bright green upperparts. The forehead and breast are pale grey. The bill is orange, and when it calls, it makes a loud and throaty chape(-yee) or quak quaki quak-wi quarr. Sometimes, it also screeches, skveet.
Domestic kinds of Monk parakeets may have different colors such as white, blue, and yellow instead of green.
As pets
Monk parakeets are very intelligent and social birds. When they are kept as pets, they can memorize large vocabularies. They are also able to learn many words and phrases.
References
Further reading
Johnson, Steve A. & Sam Logue 2009: Florida's introduced birds: Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus). University of Florida/IFAS
(2004): Parrots in the city: one bird's struggle for a place on the planet . Quaker Parakeet Society, Framingham, Mass.
(2002): Field guide to the Birds of North America. National Geographic, Washington DC.
2000: The Sibley Guide to Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Parakeets
Birds of South America
Taxa described in 1783
Valley Falls, Kansas

Valley Falls is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 1,192 people lived there.
History
Valley Falls was first called Grasshopper Falls. It was named after the falls in the Grasshopper River (now known as the Delaware River). The first settlement was made there in 1854, and the town was platted in 1855. Many of the town's streets were named after women pioneer settlers.
Geography
Valley Falls is at (39.342936, -95.460584). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.
Climate
Valley Falls has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Valley Falls has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
People
Valley Falls is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,192 people, 444 households, and 290 families living in Valley Falls.
Famous people
Puella Dornblaser, temperance activist, lived in Valley Falls and edited at a newspaper in Oskaloosa
Fred Marsh, professional baseball player, born in Valley Falls in 1924.
King O'Malley, member of the Australian House of Representatives in the early 20th century, although he also claimed he was born in Quebec, Canada
George Stafford, former chairman for the Interstate Commerce Commission was born and schooled in Valley Falls
References
Other websites
City
City of Valley Falls
Valley Falls - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 338, local school district
Maps
Valley Falls City Map, KDOT
Cities in Kansas
1854 establishments in Kansas Territory
La Llorona

La Llorona is a well known Mexican folk tale that originated in the 1800s to early 1900s.(The La Llorona tale actually dates back to the conquistadors and is thought to have originated in prehispanic times.)
Although several variations exist, the most basic story tells of a beautiful woman by the name of Maria who drowns her children in the river out of rage because her husband left her for a younger woman. She soon comes to her senses and regrets her decision to kill her children, so she drowns herself in a river in Latin America. She then becomes stuck between the physical and spiritual world on an eternal search for her children, not permitted to enter heaven without them. Her incessant weeping throughout the night gives her the title "La Llorona" (The Weeping Woman).
Parents often use this story to prevent their children from wandering out at night. In some versions of this tale and legend, La Llorona will kidnap wandering children who resemble her missing children, asking her children for forgiveness and drowning these other children to take their place but they never forgive her yet still she keeps trying.
People who claim to have seen her say she appears at night, or in the late evenings from rivers or lakes throughout Latin America. Some believe that those who hear the wails of La Llorona are marked for death. She is said to cry,"!Ay, mis hijos!" (Oh, my children!).
People saw her in the city of Los Angeles in the small town of Watts.
A movie about the folk tale titled The Curse of La Llorona was released in April 2019.
Related pages
La Llorona (song)
References
Folklore
Mexican culture
Hyperpower

A hyperpower is a country that is more powerful than every other country in every aspect. It is more powerful than a superpower.
The United States was considered (but doesn't seem to match the qualities of a previous named hyperpower). The US was thought to be a hyperpower by some after the Cold War because it was the only superpower after the collapse of the Soviet Union . People also believe the United States of America has had a big influence in politics, science, culture and military. It also influenced the balance of power and made a new world order.
Some say that the United States is still a hyperpower because it is the only uncontested superpower (some say that China is/will be a superpower and some say it isn't/will not).
According to the Asia Power Index 2020, the United States still has the lead on the military capacity, cultural influence, resilience and defense networks, but falls behind China in economic and future resources, economic relationships and diplomatic influence. This index ranks power and influence only in Asia Pacific.
It is easy to see areas where the United States is no longer so dominant. Its economy is weakened by manufacturing abroad; internal social conflicts are greater. However, it is still by far the top country on military capability, though not on size of its army. Perhaps the world no longer has a hyperpower.
Related pages
Great power
Superpower
References
Countries
Politics by issue
Ytternäs och Vreta

Ytternas och Vreta is a locality in Uppsala Municipality in Uppsala County in Sweden. In 2010, 636 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Uppsala County
Electra Heart (album)

Electra Heart is an album released by Marina and the Diamonds on 27 February 2012. It was met with average reviews, scoring 57/100 on Metacritic.
Marina has released a series of seven videos on YouTube surrounding the release of Electra Heart. Part 2, 4, 6 and 7 are music videos to singles released from the album.
The album entered at number one in the United Kingdom (selling 21,358 copies) and Ireland. It also peaked at number 2 on the US Dance/Electronic Albums chart, whilst reaching the top twenty in three other countries. It also reached number 31 on the US Billboard 200.
Singles
Radioactive was released as a 'teaser' single on 23 September 2011. It reached number 25 in the United Kingdom. The single was later not included in the released version of Electra Heart but is included on the deluxe version.
Homewrecker was released as a free track for signing up to Marina's mailing list.
Primadonna was released as the lead single on 20 March 2012. It reached the top 10 in six countries. It gave Marina her most successful single. It reached number eleven in the UK and three in Ireland.
How to be a Heartbreaker was released as a worldwide single on 16 December 2012. The single is not included in the UK edition of Electra Heart.
Power & Control was released in the UK as a second single in July 2012.
2012 albums
Villar Pellice

Villar Pellice is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Settlements in Piedmont
The Sword of Truth

The Sword of Truth is a series of thirteen epic fantasy novels written by Terry Goodkind. The book tells the story of Richard Rahl, Kahlan Amnell and Zeddicus Zu'l Zorander.
The series is published in more than 20 languages.
Books
There is two prequels:
The First Confessor: The Legend of Magda Searus, where the story takes place several hundred years before the main series.
Debt of Bones, where the story takes place before the events related by the main series.
The main series is composed of:
Wizard's First Rule
Stone of Tears
Blood of the Fold
Temple of the Winds
Soul of the Fire
Faith of the Fallen
The Pillars of Creation
Naked Empire
Chainfire
Phantom
Confessor
A second series, which is the suite of the first (events in the series take place directly after the end of Confessor):
The Omen Machine
The Third Kingdom
References
Other websites
Terry Goodkind -- official website of the author
Quivières

Quivieres is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Kuntaur (Gambia)

Kuntaur is one of eight Local Government Areas in the Gambia.
The town of Kuntaur is the last inland port for large ships. It had about 3,000 people living there in 2013.
Local Government Areas of the Gambia
Cities in the Gambia
Grézillac

Grezillac is a commune. It is in the region of Aquitaine in the Gironde department. This is in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Bokermannohyla ravida

The Bokermannohyla ravida is a frog that lives in Brazil. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place, 947 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of South America
Juggling

Juggling is a skill where a person (the juggler) keeps objects (props) moving for a long time, using their hands or other parts of their body. The most common props are balls (or beanbags), clubs and rings. Some jugglers use more dangerous objects such as knives, fire torches and chainsaws. There are other kinds of juggling prop such as diabolos, yo-yos, poi, devil sticks, cigar boxes, foot bags and hats. Some jugglers use bouncing objects.
Juggling can be for entertainment, art or sport.
References
More reading
Other websites
Entertainment
Performing arts
Saint-Aubin-de-Cadelech

Saint-Aubin-de-Cadelech is a commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Dordogne department in southwest France.
Communes in Dordogne
Bento Rodrigues dam disaster

The Bento Reodrigues dam disaster happened on 5 November 2015, when a dam at a Germano iron ore mine broke. The disaster is also known as Mariana dam disaster, or Samarco dam disaster. It happened in a mine near Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The flooding devastated the downstream villages of Bento Rodrigues and Paracatu de Baixo, from Bento Rodrigues, killing 19 people. The damage caused by the tailings dam collapse is the largest ever recorded with pollutants spread along of watercourses.
The failure of the dam released 43.7 million cubic metres of mine tailings into the Doce River. A toxic brown mudflow polluted the river and beaches near the mouth when it reached the Atlantic Ocean 17 days later. The disaster created a humanitarian crisis as hundreds were displaced and cities along the Doce River suffered water shortages when their water supplies were polluted.
The total impact of the disaster, including the reason for failure and the environmental consequences, are officially under investigation and remain unclear. The owner of the Bento Rodrigues dam, Samarco, was subject to extensive litigation and government sanctions. In 2016, charges of manslaughter and environmental damage were filed against 21 executives, including Samarco's former CEO and representatives from Samarco's owners, Vale and BHP Billiton, on its board of directors. Controversy over the investigation grew after a 2013 report, indicating structural issues in the dam, was leaked.
References
2010s disasters in South America
2010s in Brazil
2015 in South America
Nina Trofimova

Nina Petrovna Trofimova (Nina Petrovna Trofimova; born 1944) is a former Soviet track and road cyclist.
She competed at the eight UCI Road World Championships between 1966 and 1973 and won the bronze medal in the 1969 women's road race event.
She became both on the road as on the track multiple times medalist at Soviet national championships.
References
1944 births
Soviet cyclists
Diane, Duchess of Württemberg

Diane, Dowager Duchess of Wurttemberg (nee Princess Diane Francoise Maria da Gloria d'Orleans; born 24 March 1940) is a French-German painter, sculptor, writer and philanthropist. She was the wife of Carl, Duke of Wurttemberg, head of the House of Wurttemberg.
She is the fourth daughter and sixth child of Henri, Count of Paris and his wife, Princess Isabelle of Orleans-Braganza.
References
1940 births
Living people
French royalty
Dukes and duchesses
French painters
French sculptors
French writers
French philanthropists
German painters
German sculptors
German writers
German philanthropists
Penza Oblast

Penza Oblast (, Penzenskaya oblast) is a administrative division of Russia.
Geography
Penza Oblast has over 3000 rivers; the overall length is 15,458 km. In the waters of the Oblast, there are about 50 species of fish.
History
The regional center of Penza was built in 1663 as a Russian fortress.
Economy
Penza Oblast is a part of the Volga economic region.
People
Population of this oblast: 1,386,186 (2010).
Ethnic composition (2010):
Russians - 86.8%
Tatars - 6.4%
others - 6.8%
Notable people
Aristarkh Lentulov, avant-garde artist
Victor Skumin, philosopher, writer, psychologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and medical doctor.
Related pages
Russia
References
Other websites
People born in Penza Oblast
Oblasts of Russia
Encarnação (Lisbon Metro)

Encarnacao is a station on the Red Line of the Lisbon Metro. The station is located in the parish of Encarnacao.
Lisbon Metro stations
Thirteen-lined ground squirrel

The Thirteen-lined ground squirrel is a kind of Squirrel. It lives in North America from Alberta, Canada to Ohio and Texas, USA.
Squirrels
Mammals of North America
Grateful Dead

The Grateful Dead was a rock band that formed in Palo Alto, California, United States in the 1965. They are known for their concerts, and devoted followers called "Deadheads". The band and their music are sometimes associated with the hippie and drug cultures. Their music style is psychedelic rock combined with other kinds of music like blues, country, folk, and bluegrass. They are also known for their artwork and logos, which include skeletons and dancing bears.
They were named number 57 on Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. They have sold more than 35 million records worldwide and they have played for 25 million people, more than any other band.
The group were together from 1965 to 1995, when Jerry Garcia, the group's lead guitarist and singer, who was seen by many people as the group's leader, died. The other members were Bob Weir (guitar and singing), Phil Lesh (bass guitar), Ron "Pigpen" McKernan (keyboards, harmonica, and singing) and Bill Kreutzmann (drums). All of these members were in the group the entire time, they were together, except for McKernan who died in 1973. Other main members of the band were Mickey Hart (drums 1967 to 1971 and 1974 to 1995), Keith Godchaux (keyboards 1971 to 1979), his wife Donna Godchaux (singing 1972 to 1979), Brent Mydland (keyboards 1979 to 1990), and Vince Welnick (keyboards 1990 to 1995).
The group was known for their stage shows, which included improvising or "jamming" with their song and instruments, some Deadheads have recorded and collected many of these shows on tape.
Musical groups from San Francisco
American rock bands
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s music groups
1990s American music groups
Warner Bros. Records artists
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
Sendets, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Sendets, Pyrenees-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
References
Sendets, Pyrenees-Atlantiques
Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives

Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Ibrahim Afellay

Ibrahim Afellay (born 2 April 1986 in Utrecht, Netherlands) is a Moroccan-Dutch footballer. He plays for Stoke City and the Netherlands national team.
References
1986 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Utrecht (city)
Grigory Barenblatt

Grigory Isaakovich Barenblatt (; July 10, 1927 - June 21, 2018) was a Russian mathematician. He was born in Moscow. He was an emeritus Professor in Residence at the Department of Mathematics of the University of California, Berkeley and Mathematician at Department of Mathematics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Barenblatt died on June 21, 2018 at the age of 90.
References
Other websites
Applied mechanics: an age old science perpetually in rebirth (pdf). The Timoshenko Medal acceptance speech by Grigory Barenblatt (to be published by ASME in summer 2006).
1927 births
2018 deaths
Russian mathematicians
Writers from Moscow
Pimp

A pimp is a person who makes money from other people prostituting themselves. Usually, the prostitutes make money for themselves, but the pimp takes a percentage of the money in exchange for providing them with security and other services. Pimps has gotten connected to a special look, often a male with fancy and colorful clothes with gold accessories.
Pimps has been portrayed in many movies, such as Taxi Driver where the pimp is called "sport"
References
Prostitution
United States Department of Commerce

The United States Department of Commerce is the Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic development. It was originally created as the United States Department of Commerce and Labor on February 14, 1903. It was subsequently renamed to the Department of Commerce on March 4, 1913, and its bureaus and agencies specializing in labor were transferred to the new Department of Labor.
References
1913 establishments in the United States
To Save a Life

To Save a Life is a 2009 Christian drama movie directed by Brian Baugh. Actors in the movie include Randy Wayne, Deja Kreutzberg, Robert Bailey Jr., Steven Crowder and Sean Michael Afable. The movie was released in theaters in the United States on January 22, 2010. The movie was written by Jim Britts. The movie was #3 on Fandango's most requested tickets going into the weekend. The movie fell 53.6% in its second weekend to $733,457, and -63.2% to $269,684 in its third. The total sales accumulated $3,777,210.
Cast
Randy Wayne as Jacob "Jake" Taylor
Deja Kreutzberg as Amanda "Amy" Briggs
Joshua Weigel as Christopher "Chris" Vaughn
Sean Michael Afable as Jonathan "Jonny" Garcia
Robert Bailey Jr. as Roger Dawson
Steven Crowder as Douglas "Doug" Moore
D. David Morin as Marcus "Mark" Rivers
Kim Hidalgo as Andrea Stevens
Arjay Smith as Matt McQueen
Bubba Lewis as Daniel "Danny" Rivers
References
Other websites
To Save a Life
2009 drama movies
2000s American drama movies
Texola, Oklahoma

Texola is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Towns in Oklahoma
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is an initiative by the Government of India. It plans affordable housing for the urban poor. The target is to build 20 million affordable houses by 31 March 2022.
The total number of funded houses approved so far is 39,25,240 in urban areas. Five million rural houses will be built by March 2018 and 10 million rural houses by March 2019.
References
Politics of India
Housing
No Boundaries (song)

"No Boundaries" is a song originally written for season 8 American Idol winner Kris Allen. The song was covered by Allen in 2009 for the finale and winning of season 8. The song was officially released by Kris Allen on May 20, 2009.
The song was written by Kara DioGuardi, Cathy Dennis, and Mitch Allen. Kris Allen's version of this single was produced by independent producer Emanuel Kiriakou.
Adam Lambert, runner-up of American Idol's 8th season, covered the song in late May. He released it as his own on June 9, 2009. Lambert's version was going to be featured on his first studio album, but it was replaced by his soon to be released single "Time for Miracles".
2009 songs
Adam Lambert songs
Tha Tha Thabungton

Tha Tha Thabungton (; ) is an old Meitei-language bedtime song.
It is one of the Meitei folk songs sung by parents, usually mothers. It is about taking care of children. It is more than the biological mother child relationship. It is about the pleasing music of caring the child. It also influences on the child's life and health.
In Meitei culture, mothers usually carry their children on their backs or shoulders. They sing the "Tha Tha Thabungton" cradle song. In the song, mothers talk about the "Thaa" () and the "Heibong" ().
Word origin
The word "thabungton" () is a short word for "tha mapung maton" () (morphologically, "moon-full-top", which is "full moon").
Text
The Meitei language word "Morambi" () is translated as "darling child" in the publication of the "Oriental Institute of Cultural and Social Research". But the same word "Morambi" () is defined as "a figure of baby, usu made of cloth" in a publication of the University of Chicago.
In popular culture
The lullaby "Tha, Tha Thabungton" () was shown in the 1972 Meitei language feature film Matamgi Manipur ().
The lullaby "Tha Tha Thabungton..." () was shown in a stage play "Heyang Athouba". It was shown as a part of the "Rhythm of Manipur's 3rd Opera Production". It was organised at the JN Manipur Dance Akademi, Imphal on the 28th of July 2013.
Similar lullabies
"Der Mond ist aufgegangen" - a German language lullaby
"Northeastern Cradle Song" - a Chinese language lullaby
Related articles
Lairembigee Eshei
Shakuhachi meets Pena
Nura Pakhang (Eu e Tu)
Notes
References
Other websites
Tha Tha Thabungton at
Meitei folklore
Meitei literature
MP3 player

An MP3 player is a portable audio device people can use to listen to songs saved in the MP3 format. They can use USB cords or Wi-Fi to connect the device to computers, so that computer files can be transferred to players internal memory.
MP3s are audio files that have been made smaller by removing sounds that the human ear cannot hear. Many newer MP3 players can also be used to view images or movies, or play games, and can also play other formats, such as FLAC and MPEG-4 AAC. The most well-known MP3 player is the iPod. MP3 players can also be built-into a car or home stereo.
They were popular around the early 2000 but slowly lost popularity to the introduction to smartphones and apps like Spotify. Even with this loss in popularity, you can still get one today that can even connect to Spotify.
Electronics
Audio technology
Lucchese 1905

A.S. Lucchese Libertas 1905 is a football club which plays in Italy.
Name
1905-1924 Lucca FC
1924-2008 US Lucchese-Libertas
2008-2009 SSD Sporting Lucchese
2009-present AS Lucchese Libertas 1905
References
1905 establishments in Italy
Italian football clubs
Lucca
Scottish Parliament (Constituencies) Act 2004

The Scottish Parliament (Constituencies) Act 2004 (c 13) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that amends the Scotland Act 1998. The 1998 Act originally created the Scottish Parliament.
Notes
Politics of Scotland
Ichthyosaurus

Ichthyosaurus was an extinct marine reptile from the Lower Jurassic. It was the first member of the order Ichthyosauria to be discovered. The first complete skeleton was discovered in the early 19th century (1810/11) by Mary Anning in the Dorset Jurassic Coast. Many more specimens were found in Europe, especially from the limestone quarries in Holzmaden, southern Germany.
Ichthyosaurus lived from about 199 to 189 million years ago (mya).
This sleek animal could perhaps swim at speeds up to 25 mph (40 kph).
Mode of life
Live birth
Ichthyosaurus bore live young. This we know from fossil evidence. It was thought at first that Ichthyosaurus laid eggs on land, but fossil evidence shows that the females gave birth to live young. Because they did, their life habit could be entirely aquatic. They were well-adapted to life as fully pelagic organisms because they never needed to come onto land. The babies were born tail first to prevent them from drowning in the water.
Hundreds of well-preserved, fossilised skeletons have been found in Jurassic rock at Holzmaden. Some of the bones were still articulated. Some fossils still had baby specimens inside them, indicating that Ichthyosaurus was viviparous. Similar finds in the related Stenopterygius also show this.
Fins
The German fossils also featured the outline of Ichthyosaurus skin, showing it had a fleshy dorsal fin on its back and a large caudal fin. Other ichthyosaur fossils proved this feature was not limited to Ichthyosaurus.
Sense organs
Ichthyosaurus ear bones were solid, probably transferring water vibrations to the inner ear. Still, hunting by sight was the creature's main feeding activity; it had huge, sensitive eyes, protected by bony shields.
Feeding
Coprolites (fosillized excreta) of Ichthyosaurus show its diet consisted of fish and squid.
References
Ichthyosaurs
Hypodermic needle model

The hypodermic needle model (also known as the magic bullet theory or the direct effects model) is an early theory of mass communications. The theory stated that the mass media had direct influence over audiences by injecting their minds with information. According to this theory media messages are powerful forces and audiences are powerless to resist them. The theory was popular during the 1940s and 1950s. Ideas about the power of the mass media were based on historical events. One was the role played by the Hearst Newspapers in getting public support for the Spanish-American War. Another was the powerful Nazi propaganda campaigns by Joseph Goebbels in World War II. Still another was the idea of a powerful Madison Avenue advertising influence on consumer buying and voting. Later researchers determined the theory was just too simple and too general to be accurate.
Most modern media scholars think the theory is mostly false. However, many Americans still believe the mass media has unlimited power to control people's minds. In effect they believe the myth that if the mass media tells people to jump, the only question will be how high.
References
Media in the United States
Schagen

Schagen is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 46,553 people lived there.
The city is between Alkmaar and Den Helder. It received city rights in 1415.
Since 2013, Harenkarspel and Zijpe have been part of the municipality of Schagen.
References
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in North Holland
Cheriton, Virginia

Cheriton is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Sources
Towns in Virginia
Mawlid an-Nabi

Mawlid an-Nabi is a special day in Islamic calendar to remember the birth of Prophet Muhammad. The day falls on the 12th day of Rabiul Awal of Islamic lunar calendar every year. Every year, Muslims around the world celebrate the day by large street processions, distributing food and charity and talks and sermons about the life of the prophet.
The day is recognised as a public holiday in most Muslim countries with the exception of Saudi Arabia.
Islamic festivals
Chigi Palace

The Palazzo Chigi ( ) is a historic palace located in the center of Rome, Italy, Since 1961, it has been the seat of the Italian Government and the residence of the Prime Minister of Italy.
Other websites
History of Palazzo Chigi, Website of the Italian government
A look at Palazzo Chigi, Website of the Italian government
Palaces in Italy
Ben Bradshaw

Benjamin Peter James Bradshaw (born 30 August 1960) is an English politician and the Member of Parliament for the Exeter constituency in the United Kingdom. He was elected in the 1997 general election.
He was a Minister of State in the Department of Health, a Minister for the South West and Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. He holds no posts in the current shadow government.
He is a member of the Labour Party.
1960 births
Living people
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Ryusuke Ofuchi

Ryusuke Ofuchi (born 1 October 1956) is a former Japanese football player.
References
1956 births
Living people
Footballers from Kumamoto Prefecture
Johnny Carson

John William "Johnny" Carson (October 23, 1925 - January 23, 2005) was an American television host and comedian, known for thirty years as host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962-1992).
Early life and career
Carson was born in Corning, Iowa, in 1925, to Homer Lloyd "Kit" Carson, a power company manager, and Ruth (Hook) Carson, who was of Irish ancestry. He grew up in the nearby towns of Avoca, Clarinda, and Red Oak in southwest Iowa before moving to Norfolk, Nebraska, at the age of eight. At the age of twelve, Carson found a book on magic at a friend's house and immediately purchased a mail-order magician's kit. He debuted as "The Great Carsoni" at age 14 and he was paid US$3; many other performances at local picnics and country fairs followed.
Carson joined the U.S. Navy on June 8, 1943, received V-12 officer training at Columbia University and Millsaps College, and continued to perform magic.
Death
Carson died in West Hollywood, California from respiratory failure caused by emphysema, aged 79.
References
Other websites
Official website for The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson
at Salon
at The New Republic
Tynan, Kenneth. 1978 profile, The New Yorker
The Johnny Carson Show, USA Today
Martin, Steve. Posthumous Letter to Carson, The New York Times
Watch on line either clips from or entire program Johnny Carson King of Late Night - Watch The Full Documentary pbs.org Includes a page on the making of the documentary.
Episodes and highlights of the Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson are available on DVD at http://JohnnyCarson.com, on iTunes at http://itunes.com/JohnnyCarson, and on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/JohnnyCarson
Follow Johnny Carson on Twitter at https://twitter.com/JohnnyCarson and Facebook at http://facebook.com/JohnnyCarson.
Obituaries
Obituary at CNN
Obituary at MSNBC
Wolcott, James. Obituary , Vanity Fair
1925 births
2005 deaths
Actors from Iowa
American television actors
American television talk show hosts
Comedians from Iowa
Deaths from emphysema
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Kennedy Center honorees
Emmy Award winners
Peabody Award winners
Lanarkshire

Lanarkshire (Siorrachd Lannraig in Gaelic), also called the County of Lanark, is a county of Scotland.
Towns
Airdrie
Bellshill
Biggar
Blantyre
Bothwell
Bishopbriggs
Cambuslang
Carluke
Coatbridge
East Kilbride
Glasgow
Hamilton
Lanark
Larkhall
Lesmahagow
Motherwell
Rutherglen
Shotts
Uddingston
Wishaw
Rivers
North Medwin River
South Medwin River
River Clyde
Related pages
North Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire
Gareth Southgate

Gareth Southgate (born 3 September 1970) is an English professional football manager and former player. He is currently managing the England men's national football team. As a player, he played as defender.
Managerial statistics
References
1970 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
England national football team managers
Association football defenders
Sportspeople from Hertfordshire
People from Watford
Aston Villa F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Jill Knight

Joan Christabel Jill Knight, Baroness Knight of Collingtree, (; 9 July 1923 - 6 April 2022) was a British politician. She was a member of the Conservative Party. She was a Member of Parliament from 1966 to 1997. She was later a member of the House of Lords from 1997 until 2016. She was appointed an MBE in 1964 and DBE in 1985. Knight was born in Bristol, England.
Knight died on 6 April 2022, aged 98.
References
1923 births
2022 deaths
People from Bristol
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
UK MPs 1966-1970
UK MPs 1970-1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974-1979
UK MPs 1979-1983
UK MPs 1983-1987
UK MPs 1987-1992
UK MPs 1992-1997
Pechora River

The Pechora is a river in northern Russia. It is over long, and navigable for most of its length. Most of the time, an ice sheet covers it. Most of it is inside Komi Republic. It is its most important river. A part of it is in Nenets autonomous okrug.The Pechora is the sixth-longest river in Europe. By discharge, it is third, after the Volga and the Danube. Bigger cities on the river are Pechora and Naryan-Mar. Naryan-Mar is about from the estuary of the river. The part of the Barents Sea the river flows into is known as Pechora Sea.
Rivers of Russia
Guam's at-large congressional district

Guam's at-large congressional district is a congressional district of the United States. It covers all of Guam. It has elected a non-voting delegate since 1972.
Election results
References
At-large United States congressional districts
Forks, Washington

Forks is a city in Clallam County of the state of Washington in the United States.
References
Cities in Washington (state)
Verdelais

Verdelais is a commune. It is in Aquitaine in the Gironde department in southwest France.
Related pages
Communes of the Gironde department
References
Other websites
Official site
Communes in Gironde
Marigné-Peuton

Marigne-Peuton is a commune of 487 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
Esino

The Esino () is a river in the Marche region of central Italy. It is one of the most important rivers in the region because the size of its drainage basin.
There is another river, but smaller, in the Province of Lecco, Lombardy.
Geography
The Esino river has a length of about and a drainage basin with an area of .
Course
The source of the Esino is in the sides of the Monte Caffagio, comune of Esanatoglia (province of Macerata) near the border with the province of Ancona, at an altitude of about .
The river flows east past Esanatoglia and curves north by Matelica before crossing the border into the province of Ancona near Cerreto d'Esi. The river continues flowing north before curving northeast near Genga. It then flows near Serra San Quirico, Maiolati Spontini, Castelplanio, Castelbellino, Jesi, Chiaravalle and Montemarciano.
Finally, it flows into the Adriatic Sea in the Fiumesino near Falconara Marittima.
Its drainage basin is mainly in the province of Ancona but it also covers part of the province of Macerata and a small part of the province of Perugia (Umbria).
Main tributaries
The main tributaries of Ensino river are:
Giano (24 km long), that begins in the Fabriano comune and flows into the Ensino in Borgo Tufico, part of Fabriano
Sentino, that begins in Umbria
Esinante
Related pages
List of rivers of Italy
References
Marche
Rivers of Italy
Alison Sherwood

Alison Sherwood is an American journalist. She won a 2011 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting. She works for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
She studied at the University of Missouri. In 2016, she participated in the Journalists in the Community program, sponsored by the Wisconsin Humanities Council.
References
Other websites
knights-of-the-golden-quill
kathleen-gallagher-and-mark-johnson, nieman reports
American journalists
Pulitzer Prize winners
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Kildare, Oklahoma

Kildare is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Towns in Oklahoma
George Stevens

George Cooper Stevens (December 18, 1904 - March 8, 1975) was an American movie director, producer, screenwriter and cinematographer. His best known works are A Place in the Sun (1951), Shane (1953), Giant (1956), and The Diary of Anne Frank (1959).
References
Other websites
Academy Award winning directors
1904 births
1975 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American cinematographers
American military personnel of World War II
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Writers from Oakland, California
Businesspeople from Oakland, California
King's Privy Council for Canada

The King's Privy Council for Canada (KPC; ; called the Queen's Privy Council for Canada when there is a queen), sometimes called just the Privy Council, is a group of people that help the monarch (king or queen) of Canada. They give advice to the monarch on events related to the government. The monarch or the person that represents them (the Governor General) must follow the advice of a group of people in the Privy Council, called the cabinet, who are usually part of the government and are usually Members of Parliament (MPs). Those who are part of the Privy Council are called "Privy Councillors".
When people join the Privy Council, they become members of it for the rest of their lives. They are chosen by the Governor General based on who the Prime Minister says should be in the council. That causes many of the Privy Councillors to be ex-members of the cabinet. Other Privy Councillors might be people that have important roles, like being the Leader of the Opposition.
References
Other websites
Hurricane Gonzalo

Hurricane Gonzalo was a Category 4 hurricane. The storm threatened Bermuda. The hurricane struck the northern Leeward Islands, killing one person. Gonzalo formed on October 12, 2014. On October 14, hurricane notices were put up for Bermuda when the storm began heading their direction.
References
2014 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
Voiced uvular plosive

The voiced uvular stop is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
Judith Anderson

Dame Judith Anderson AC DBE (10 February 1897 - 3 January 1992) was an Australian actress. She lived in the United States and performed on stage, television and movies. She received two Emmy Awards and a Tony Award for her acting. Her Hollywood movies included the Academy Award-nominated movie Rebecca, Laura in 1944 and The Diary of a Chambermaid in 1946. Anderson was born in Adelaide, South Australia, although she later relocated to Santa Barbara, California. Anderson died of pneumonia at 94.
References
1897 births
1992 deaths
Actors from Adelaide
Australian television actors
Australian movie actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Emmy Award winning actors
Infectious disease deaths in California
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Tony Award winning actors
Danny Carey

Daniel Carey (born May 10, 1961) is an American musician and songwriter. He is the drummer for Tool. He has also played music with other musicians, such as the Melvins, Zaum, Green Jello and Pigface. He has been called one of the best drummers of all time by Rolling Stone. Many other magazines have also said this.
Life
Carey was born in Lawrence, Kansas. He started playing the snare drum when he was ten years old. When he was twelve, he started playing the drums with a drum set. When he lived in Paola, Kansas, Carey was in his high school's jazz band. Playing jazz music affected how he played rock music later. Carey went to college at the University of Missouri in Kansas City. He started learning about the occult. When he was in college, he still played jazz music.
After college, one of Carey's friends got him to move to Portland, Oregon. He played in many bands for a short time, and then moved to Los Angeles. He played the drums for other bands before meeting Maynard James Keenan and Adam Jones. He joined their band named Tool. Since then, he has played the drums for the band.
References
1961 births
Living people
Musicians from Kansas
American drummers
Tool (band)
Joe Kittinger

Joseph William Kittinger II (born July 27, 1928) is a retired Colonel in the United States Air Force and a USAF Command Pilot. He was born in Tampa, Florida. He set a world record for the longest skydive from a height more than . He was also the first man to cross the Atlantic Ocean, alone, in a hot air balloon.
He was a fighter pilot in the Vietnam War and was a prisoner of war in a North Vietnamese prison.
References
1928 births
Living people
American aviators
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
American colonels
Military people from Florida
People from Tampa, Florida
Prisoners of war
Brown pelican

The brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is a large bird that lives along the coasts of the Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico in North and South America.
Brown pelicans are carnivores (meat-eaters) and hunt during the day (they are diurnal). They eat mostly fish and some amphibians and crustaceans.
Birds of North America
Birds of South America
Pelecaniformes
National symbols of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Marriage (1936 movie)

Marriage () is a 1936 Soviet comedy movie directed by Erast Garin and Khesya Lokshina. The movie is based on eponymous play by Nikolay Gogol. It stars Erast Garin, Stepan Kayukov, and Aleksei Matov.
Actors
Erast Garin as Podkolesin
Stepan Kayukov as Kochkaryov
Aleksei Matov as Anuchkin
A. Chekayevsky as Starikov
Nina Latonina as Agafya
Zoya Fyodorova as Dunyasha
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1936 movies
Soviet comedy movies
San Ysidro McDonald's massacre

The San Ysidro McDonald's massacre was an act of mass murder which happened at a McDonald's restaurant in the San Ysidro neighborhood of San Diego, California, on July 18, 1984. The shooter, 41-year-old James Huberty, fatally shot 21 people and wounded 19 others before being killed by a police sniper about 77 minutes after the shooting began.
At the time, the massacre was the deadliest mass shooting by a lone gunman in U.S. history.
Huberty was a conspiracy theorist and survivalist, who believed the Cold War was going to end the world and that president Jimmy Carter and, later, Ronald Reagan and the United States government were working against him.
References
1980s murders in the United States
1984 in California
Mass murder in California
Mass murder in the 1980s
Mass shootings in California
History of San Diego, California
Chuck Harmon

Charles Byron Harmon (April 23, 1924 - March 19, 2019) was an American professional baseball utility player in Major League Baseball. He was born in Washington, Indiana. Harmon played for the Cincinnati Redlegs (1954-1956), St. Louis Cardinals (1956-1957) and Philadelphia Phillies (1957). He batted and threw right-handed.
Harmon died on March 19, 2019 in Golf Manor, Ohio at the age of 94.
References
Sources
Chuck Harmon Official Site
Baseball Library
Center for Negro League Baseball Research
Cincinnati Historical Society Library
Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame
1924 births
2019 deaths
Cincinnati Reds players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Sportspeople from Indiana
Sportspeople from Ohio
Von Miller

Vonnie B'VSean Miller (born March 26, 1989) is an American football outside linebacker for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). Miller played college football at Texas A&M. There he earned an All-American award and the Butkus Award. He was selected by the Denver Broncos second overall in the 2011 NFL Draft.
NFL career statistics
Regular season
Postseason
References
1989 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
American football linebackers
Buffalo Bills players
Denver Broncos players
Los Angeles Rams players
Sportspeople from Texas
Hot Rod (movie)

Hot Rod is a 2007 American comedy movie directed by the first time director Akiva Schaffer and starring Andy Samberg, Jorma Taccone, Bill Hader, Danny R. McBride, Isla Fisher, Sissy Spacek, Ian McShane, Will Arnett. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
2007 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Akiva Schaffer
Movies set in British Columbia