pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Stingray

The stingrays are a large suborder of the rays. They are cartilaginous fish related to sharks. They are in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes, which consists of nine families.
Most stingrays have one or more barbed stings on the tail, which is used only for self-defence. The sting may reach about 35 cm, and its underside has two grooves with venom glands. The sting is covered with a thin layer of skin, the sheath, in which the venom is held. A few members of the suborder, such as the manta rays and the porcupine ray, do not have stings.
Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world. There are species in warm temperate oceans, and some found in the ocean. Some live in fresh water. Most stingrays live at or near the bottom of the water, but some are pelagic.
Lifestyle
Stingrays settle on the bottom while feeding, often leaving only their eyes and tail visible. Coral reefs are favorite feeding grounds and are usually shared with sharks during high tide.
The flattened bodies of stingrays allow them to hide themselves. Stingrays agitate the sand and hide beneath it. Their eyes are on top of their bodies and their mouths on the undersides. Stingrays use smell and electro-receptors (like those of sharks) to find their prey.
Stingrays feed mostly on molluscs, crustaceans, and occasionally on small fish. Some stingrays' mouths have two powerful, shell-crushing plates, while other species have sucking mouthparts that bring in the plankton.
Reproduction
Stingrays are ovoviviparous, bearing live young in 'litters' of five to thirteen. The female holds the embryos in the womb without a placenta. Instead, the embryos absorb nutrients from a yolk sac, and after the sac is depleted, the mother provides uterine 'milk'.
At the Sea Life London Aquarium two female stingrays have delivered seven baby stingrays, although the mothers have not been near a male for two years. "Rays have been known to store sperm and not give birth until they decide the timing is right".
Like all fish, stingrays get little parasites (such as flukes or copepods) on their gills or body. A cleaner fish helps the stingrays by eating the parasites it can get at.
Families
There are eight families in the stingray group. They are:
Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray),
Plesiobatidae (deep water stingray),
Urolophidae (stingarees),
Urotrygonidae (round rays),
Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays),
Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays),
Gymnuridae (butterfly rays), and
Myliobatidae (eagle rays).
References
Rays
Venomous animals
The Way, Way Back

The Way, Way Back is a 2013 American comedy movie directed by Nat Faxon and Jim Rash. It was produced by Sycamore Pictures and Odd Lot Entertainment.
References
Other websites
2013 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
English-language movies
American independent movies
Samgyetang

Samgyetang is Korean ginseng chicken soup. It's a food commonly eaten during the summer, especially on the three days called 'bok day's.
Samgyetang is made of a whole young chicken stuffed with sticky rice, ginseng, jujube, garlic, and ginger. The chicken is "closed" shut and cooked in a soup. The richness of the broth depends on the style of the cook, as is the added ingredients that may be added. Some Samgyetang broths are cooked for hours. This broth is added to the chicken cooking separately to create a very rich soup. Other broths are lighter and clear.
Samgyetang is usually served with salt and pepper, which is put in a small separate dish to dip the meat. Some people like to add the seasoning directly into the soup. It is usually served with kkakdugi (radish kimchi) and some restaurants will offer regular kimchi as well.
Korean food
Soups
Shrine Parishioner Registration

The Regulations for Shrine Parishioner Registration were rules made by the Council of State (Dajokan) in Japan. They were in place for two years from 1871 to 1873. The rules required everyone to register at shinto shrines. This was similar to an earlier system called the which did the same for Buddhist temples.
The official name of the law is .
Overview
The law had seven parts. The first part said that when a baby was born, the parents had to tell the village head. Then, they had to take the baby to the local shrine to get a special amulet. This amulet had to stay with the baby. If someone did not have this amulet, they had to tell the village head their name, birthdate, where they were born, and their father's name. The village head would then get an amulet for them. The village head would check the amulets every six years when they did a registration exercise. If someone died, their amulet had to go back to the shrine priest.
Another set of rules was made at the same time called Regulations for Rural District Shrines. This set of rules said that each district had to have one rural district shrine responsible for overseeing registration. These rules were supposed to register all newborn babies. Some people think that these rules were also supposed to make shrines like temples from earlier times in Japan. These rules only lasted for two years, but the rules for district shrines lasted until after World War II. The Shrine Consolidation Policy merged shrines together for this purpose.
Other pages
Shrine Consolidation Policy
References
State Shinto
John Brown's Body (epic poem)

John Brown's Body is an epic poem by American poet Stephen Vincent Benet.
History
In 1925 Stephen Vincent Benet decided to write a long poem. With this proposal he approached the Guggenheim Foundation. He asked for 2 500 dollars and got it. Then he went to France. He settled in Paris and began to write. The poem was published in 1928. At once it became very popular. No American poem gained such popularity earlier. Ever Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's works were not so widely read. 130 000 copies of the book were sold during two years. For this poem the poet received the Pulitzer Prize in 1929. Many years later he got the second Pulitzer Prize for the poem Western Star.
Form
The poem in written in many measures. The poet employs both regular blank verse, free verse and different stanzas. This fragment is an example of classical blank verse.
Jack Ellyat had been out all day alone,
Except for his new gun and Ned, the setter,
The old wise dog with Autumn in his eyes,
Who stepped the fallen leaves so delicately
They barely rustled. Ellyat trampled them down
Crackling, like cast-off skins of fairy snakes.
He'd meant to hunt, but he had let the gun
Rest on his shoulder.
From time to time the poet uses alliteration.
Where the skyscrapers lift their foggy plumes
Of stranded smoke out of a stony mouth
You are that high stone and its arrogant fumes,
And you are ruined gardens in the '''South''
The story told
John Brown's Body is a poem about Civil War in America. The story begins with John Brown and his deeds. It ends with general Lee's surrender at Appomattox. In this work historical and fictional persons are presented together. In 1953 Charles Laughton turned the poem into a play. It was performed in many theatres in America.
References
Bibliography
Project Gutenberg: John Brown's Body (1928) (full text)
John Brown's Body by Stephen Vincent Benet, 1928.
Epic poems
1928 works
20th-century American poems
Willi Koslowski

Willi Koslowski (born 17 February, 1937) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1960-61||rowspan="5"|Schalke||rowspan="3"|Oberliga||18||2
|-
|1961-62||29||14
|-
|1962-63||29||9
|-
|1963-64||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||23||5
|-
|1964-65||16||7
|-
|1965-66||rowspan="2"|Rot-Weiss Essen||Regionalliga||0||0
|-
|1966-67||Bundesliga||25||3
140||40
140||40
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1962||3||1
|-
!Total||3||1
|}
References
1937 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Gelsenkirchen
Tuyên Quang province

Tuyen Quang is a province of Vietnam. Its capital is Tuyen Quang.
Provinces of Vietnam
Carolyn Maloney

Carolyn Bosher Maloney (nee Carolyn Jane Bosher, February 19, 1946) is an American politician. She was the U.S. Representative from 1993 to 2023. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
On October 17, 2019, Maloney was chosen by Speaker Nancy Pelosi to become acting chair of the House Oversight Committee after the death of Elijah Cummings, and won the election to become chair on November 20.
In August 2022, Maloney lost re-nomination to U.S. Representative Jerry Nadler.
References
1946 births
Living people
United States representatives from New York (state)
Politicians from North Carolina
People from Greensboro, North Carolina
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Michel Camdessus

Michel Camdessus (born 1 May 1933) is a French economist and administrator. He was Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 16 January 1987 to 14 February 2000.
Camdessus is also a member of the Fondation Chirac's board of directors, ever since the foundation was launched in 2008 by former French president Jacques Chirac.
References
Other websites
Biographical Information (IMF)
Biography on Africa Progress panel website
1933 births
Living people
French economists
Managing Directors of the International Monetary Fund
York

York is a historic walled city in North Yorkshire, England. The Romans called it Eboracum, and it was the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior. The Vikings called it Jorvik.
About 154,000 people live in York. It was the traditional county town of Yorkshire but it is no longer. It is now a "unitary authority". Whatever it is called, York is still the most important city in the NorthEast of England.
The city is one of 15 in England to have a Lord Mayor
History
The city has been important in many political events in its two millennia of existence. The city offers many historical attractions, of which York Minster is the most well-known. For many centuries before the railway, the distance to London meant that York acted as the capital city of the North. Only later did Liverpool on the West become as important, with the growth of sea trading across the Atlantic.
Eboracum
The city was founded by the Romans as Eboracum in 71 AD.
Its position where the rivers Ouse and Fosse converge was likely one of the reasons the site was chosen.
It was later the capital of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern province of the Church of England,
The centre of York is medieval. It has famous old streets and a cathedral called York Minster. To the west of York is Leeds, Wetherby and Harrogate. To the south of York is Selby, and to the east of York is Scarborough.
Archbishop of York
York is home to the Archbishop of York, a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England who is second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The current Archbishop of York is Stephen Cottrell, who has held the post since July 2020.
There are many cultural and sporting activities making it a popular tourist destination for millions.
Gallery
Unitary authorities
Xabier Arzalluz

Javier Arzalluz Antia (24 August 1932 - 28 February 2019) was a Spanish politician. He was leader of the Basque Nationalist Party from 1979 until 2004. He was a nationalist and a Christian Democrat. He was born in Azcoitia, Basque Country.
Besides his political role, he had also been a professor of Constitutional Law (in the Basque language) at the University of Deusto in Bilbao until 1999.
References
1932 births
2019 deaths
Spanish politicians
Spanish Roman Catholics
Sherilyn Fenn

Sheryl Ann "Sherilyn" Fenn (born February 1, 1965, Detroit) is an American actress. She has acted in many television programs and movies throughout her acting career. She was married to actor Johnny Depp for a brief time period.
Selected roles
Twin Peaks (TV series) (1990-1991), Audrey Horne
Of Mice and Men (1992), Curley's Wife
Liz: The Elizabeth Taylor Story (1995 TV movie), Elizabeth Taylor
Other websites
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Detroit
1965 births
Living people
Saint-Brieuc

Saint-Brieuc is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Cotes-d'Armor department in Brittany.
Born in Saint-Brieuc
Emile Durand (1830-1903), music theorist and teacher
Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam (1838-1889), symbolist writer
Louis Auguste Harel de La Noe (1852-1931), engineer
Celestin Bougle (1870-1940), philosopher
Octave-Louis Aubert (1870-1950), editor
Louis Guilloux (1899-1980), writer
Henri Nomy (1899-1971), admiral
Maryvonne Dupureur (1937-2008), athlete, Olympic 800m silver medallist
Patrick Dewaere (1947-1982), actor
Anne-Marie Idrac (1951- ), politician
Kevin Theophile-Catherine, footballer
Mamadou Wague, footballer
Yelle (Julie Budet) 1983 - present, musician
Sister cities
Saint-Brieuc prefecture of the Cotes-d'Armor is twinned with :
Alsdorf, Germany, since 1970
Aberystwyth, Wales, since 1973
Agia Paraskevi, Greece, since 1991
Related pages
Stade Briochin
Communes in Cotes-d'Armor
Departmental capitals in France
Sí (album)

Si ("Yes") is the third album by the Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas. She co-produced the album with Cachorro Lopez and Coti Sorokin.
Si (Edicion Especial)
Singles
Andar Conmigo (2003)
Lento (2004)
Algo Esta Cambiando (2004)
Oleada (2005)
Personnel
Julieta Venegas - Vocals, vocals (bckgr), accordion, drum machine, keyboards, guitar (acoustic), guitar (electric), wurlitzer
Coti Sorokin - Guitar (acoustic), guitar (electric), bass, vocals (bckgr)
Adrian Schinoff - Keyboards, programming
Matias Sorolin - Slide guitar, vocals (bckgr)
Juan Blas Caballero - Programming, keyboards, scratches
Sebastian Schon - Guitar (electric), keyboards
Cachorro Lopez - Bass
Javier Casalla - Violin
Production
Producers: Cachorro Lopez, Coti Sorokin
Co-producer: Julieta Venegas
Engineers: Cachorro Lopez, Coti Sorokin
Mixing: Cesar Sogbe
Assistant mixing: Sebastian Schon
Mastering: Don Tyler
A&R direction: Guillermo Guitierrez
A&R coordination: Gilda Oropeza
Photography: Eduardo Marti
Design: Ros
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Certifications
Awards
Latin Grammy Award
Premios Oye!
Grammy Award
Release history
References
2003 albums
Julieta Venegas albums
Spanish-language albums
Shirali Muslimov

Shirail Muslimov (March 26, 1805-September 2, 1973) claimed to be the oldest person who ever lived. He died at the alleged age of 168. This was 46 years older than Jeanne Calment, a French supercentenarian. She has been confirmed as being the oldest person who ever lived. Muslimov got pneumonia in 1972 and died in 1973. As the only evidence of his age Muslimov had a passport issued in 1939. It showed him to have been born in the village of Barzavu in 1805. He claims to have five generations of descendants.
Life
According to legend, Muslimov worked hard every day, up to 167 years. He did not smoke or drink. He ate fruits, vegetables, wholemeal bread, chicken broth, cheese and yogurt. He had several wives through his lifetime. Muslimov became ill with pneumonia between 1972 and 1973, but survived only to die later in 1973. Muslimov's story was picked up in 1973 by National Geographic Magazine. The article told that on the occasion he still rode horses and tended an orchard planted in the 1870s. National Geographic later recanted on the claim. The same story was told by the Guinness Book of World Records, stated as unconfirmed along with other similar claims. According to National Geographic, he had an 120-year-old wife whom he had married 102 years earlier. However according to his obituary, published by Time magazine, he was survived by his 107-year-old third wife.
Fame
The case of Muslimov became known in 1963. This is when a young photojournalist of TASS, Kalman Kaspiev, went to Barzavu to interview the centenarian. The story was picked up by the Soviet press, by the National Geographic, and by the Dannon company, which for promotional reasons suggested that the long life of Muslimov was linked to a diet of yogurt.
Some Gerontologists doubt his and other similar claims of extreme old age that come from this area. Analysis of Soviet census records show the lifespan in this area is no more than the expected 115 years for all other populations. Muslimov is one of several men to claim extreme longevity. There are twice as many super-long-lived men as women in this area. This is the opposite of all other populations where women usually outlive men. While there are no accurate records to prove his age, his story captured public attention.
References
Other websites
A lesson in longevity
New York Times obituary (bottom of page)
"Azerbaijan's Legendary Centenarian", a 1996 article detailing the story behind Muslimov's claims of incredible longevity
1805 births
1973 deaths
Ravi Town

Ravi () is an administrative town (tehsil) in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The town is named after the Ravi River.
Neighbourhoods
References
Towns in Lahore
Wherstead

Wherstead is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2011, there were 342 people living in Wherstead.
References
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Gyude Bryant

Charles Gyude Bryant (17 January 1949 - 16 April 2014) was a Liberian politician and businessman. He was the Chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia. He served as chairman from 2003 to 2006. He was a member of the Liberian Action Party.
Bryant died at the John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Monrovia, aged 65.
References
Other websites
1949 births
2014 deaths
Presidents of Liberia
Saul Kripke

Saul Kripke (November 13, 1940 - September 15, 2022) is an American philosopher and logician. The work he is best known for is Naming and Necessity (1980). Much of his best known work deal with the logic and language. Kripke was born in Bay Shore, New York.
Kripke died of pancreatic cancer on September 15, 2022, in Plainsboro, New Jersey, at the age of 81.
References
American philosophers
Writers from New York (state)
1940 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Beecher City, Illinois

Beecher City is a village of Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Burkina Faso at the Olympics

Burkina Faso has been in every Summer Olympic Games held since 1988. Under its old name of Upper Volta, the country also was at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Burkina Faso has never won an Olympic medal. No athletes from Burkina Faso have been at the Winter Olympic Games.
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
References
Other websites
Burkina Faso profile at London2012.com
Burkina Faso at SportsReference.com
Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Burkina Faso
Crown of Ireland Act 1542

The Crown of Ireland Act 1542 (33 Henry 8 c.1) was an act passed by the Irish Parliament during the reign of Henry VIII, King of England and Lord of Ireland that elevated the island from a lordship to the status of a kingdom.
References
History of Ireland
1542
1540s in Europe
History of the United Kingdom
Politics of Northern Ireland
Bastogne

Bastogne is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 14386 people lived there.
It is at .
In World War II, Bastogne was the site of the Battle of Bastogne.
References
Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Carl Wilson

Carl Dean Wilson (December 21, 1946 - February 6, 1998) was an American musician and singer-songwriter. He co-founded the Beach Boys. He is best known as their lead guitarist, as the youngest brother of band-mates Brian and Dennis Wilson, and as the group's leader in the early 1970s.
He died, aged 51, of lung cancer in 1998.
References
1946 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
American rock singers
American rock guitarists
American pop singers
American pop musicians
Musicians from California
Singer-songwriters from California
Nedumudi Venu

Kesavan Venugopal (22 May 1948 - 11 October 2021), known by his stage name Nedumudi Venu, was an Indian actor. He acted in more than 500 movies. He was born in Nedumudi, Travancore, India. His career began in 1978. His best known roles were in Aaravam, Thakara and Manjil Virinja Pookkal.
Venugopal died on 11 October 2021 at a hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, India from liver failure caused by COVID-19, aged 73.
References
1948 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Indian stage actors
Indian voice actors
Actors from Kerala
Deaths from liver failure
Floating island

A floating island is a large mass of organic particles that float on the surface of a water body. Floating islands occur naturally, but some are artificial. Naturally occurring floating islands include icebergs and pumice rafts. Their thickness varies from a few centimetres to a few metres. Floating islands are generally found on marshlands, lakes, and similar wetland locations, and can be many hectares in size.
Islands
Tikendrajit Singh

Tikendrajit Singh, also known as the "Tiger of Manipur", is the crown prince of Manipur kingdom during the modern era. Besides, he was a commander of the Manipuri Army and was the person behind the outbreak of the Anglo-Manipur War of 1891 AD.
References
People from Manipur
History of Manipur
1856 births
1891 deaths
Rhadamistus

Rhadamistus (other names Ghadam or Radamisto) was an Iberian prince who reigned in Armenia from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55 CE.
Monarchs of Armenia
Loches-sur-Ource

Loches-sur-Ource is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
References
Communes in Aube
Vellore

Vellore is an important city in Tamil Nadu, India. It is the headquarters of Vellore district. It is located on the banks of Palar River.The area of Vellore covers about 87km2.The total population of Vellore city is 423,425 as per 2001 census.Vellore is the base place where two of India's top 10 educational institutions located.They are:Christian Medical College Hospital and VIT University.
Vellore region is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products.
Vellore Fort, Science Park, Vainu Bappu Observatory, Amirthi Zoological Park, Religious places such as Jalakandeswarar Temple, Srilakshmi Golden Temple, Big Mosque and St. John's Church and Yelagiri Hill station are the top tourist attractions in and around Vellore.
Reference
Vellore district
Cities in Tamil Nadu
Electoral district of Wyong

Wyong is an electoral district of New South Wales. It was created in 1962, abolished in 1973 and recreated in 1988.
Wyong is on the Central Coast.
Election results
References
Wyong
Erick Morillo

Erick Morillo (March 26, 1971 - September 1, 2020) was a Colombian-American disc jockey, music producer, and record label owner. Morillo was best known for his international work in house music for the label Strictly Rhythm. He helped produce the 1993 hit "I Like to Move It".
He won the Muzik magazine "Remixer of the Year" award in 1999.
On August 6, 2020, Morillo was arrested and charged with sexual battery upon a woman.
Morillo was found dead at his home in Miami Beach, Florida from a possible suicide on September 1, 2020 at the age of 49.
References
1971 births
2020 deaths
People who committed suicide
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Colombian musicians
American DJs
Record producers
Musicians from Miami
Steve Farmer (musician)

Steven O. Farmer (December 31, 1948 - April 7, 2020) was an American guitarist, composer and singer-songwriter. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. Farmer was best known for his works with Ted Nugent in 1968. His best known song was "Journey to the Center of the Mind". He also worked with The Amboy Dukes.
Farmer died on April 7, 2020 in Redford, Michigan, aged 71.
References
1948 births
2020 deaths
American singer-songwriters
American rock singers
American rock guitarists
American composers
Singers from Detroit
Musicians from Detroit
Writers from Detroit
Jafri dialect

Jafri dialect is a variety of Saraiki spoken in the Musakhel District of Balochistan province of Pakistan. It's intelligibility with Dogri is 80%.
References
Languages of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Philip Roth

Philip Milton Roth (March 19, 1933 - May 22, 2018) was an American novelist from Newark, New Jersey. His books include Goodbye, Columbus and The Human Stain.
Roth has won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, the National Book Award, and several other awards. He studied at the University of Chicago.
Roth died at a Manhattan hospital of congestive heart failure on May 22, 2018 at the age of 85.
References
1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Jewish American writers
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
Pulitzer Prize winners
Kevin Bieksa

Kevin Francesco Bieksa (born June 16, 1981 in Grimsby, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). After playing junior hockey in Ontario, Bieksa was awarded a scholarship to Bowling Green University, where he spent four years. While at university, Bieksa was selected by the Canucks in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft, and joined their minor league partner, the Manitoba Moose of the American Hockey League (AHL), after graduating. After spending time with the Moose, he joined the Canucks. A physical defenceman, Bieksa has increased his scoring totals in each of the full seasons he has played in the NHL.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
References
Other websites
1981 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Vancouver Canucks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
American Hockey League players
Deus Ex (video game)

Deus Ex is a video game available on the personal computer. It is a first person shooter. The game is about a conspiracy in the future that involves the Illuminati and artificial intelligence.
The player plays as J.C. Denton, a cyborg who has to deal with problems like robots, men, and bombs. Denton has a brother and many employers. He has skills in the game that increase when goals are completed. For instance, if he needs to sneak up on men in the Army, the player might use a ventilation shaft and gain extra points, which can then be used like money to buy better aim with a pistol.
Deus Ex came out in 2000. It tried to say things about philosophy, knowledge, terrorism, and other things, much like The Matrix. It is widely regarded as one of the best computer games and video games of all time.
Other websites
Official page on Eidos site
2000 video games
Shooter video games
Kaiser Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche

The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (in German: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedachtniskirche, but mostly just known as Gedachtniskirche ), known in English as the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, is a ruined church in Berlin. It belongs to the Protestant Evangelical Church in Germany
It is on the Breitscheidplatz, at the end of the Kurfurstendamm.
The old church was built between 1891 and 1895 according to plans by Franz Schwechten.
Emperor Wilhelm II ordered the building of the church to honour his grandfather Wilhelm I. The neo-romanesque style is a reminder of the many Romanesque churches in the Rhineland like Bonn Minster.
Mosaics inside the church showed the life and work of Emperor Wilhelm I. During World War II, the church was destroyed during a British RAF bombing raid in 1943. The only remainder of the old building is the ruin of the belfry, which is also called ("the hollow tooth").
After the war, from 1951 to 1961, a new church was built right next to the site of the old one. the new church was designed by Egon Eiermann.
The new church has a cross made of nails from the old Coventry Cathedral, destroyed by German Luftwaffe bomb attacks in what was called the Coventry Blitz. It was consecrated on May 25, 1962, the same day as the new Coventry Cathedral. Both churches were built next to the ruins of the old building, which were kept as reminders of the horrors of war.
As well as the Coventry cross, the Gedachtniskirche has a cross of the Russian Orthodox Church and a design known as the Stalingrad Madonna by Lieutenant Kurt Reuber, created in December 1942 in Stalingrad (now Volgograd), as symbols of peace between the three countries that were once at war.
In December 2007, Charles Jeffrey Gray, a former British pilot who carried out World War II bombing raids over Germany, joined a campaign to rescue the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church from decay. After reading about the condition of the Church, Gray contacted Wolfgang Kuhla, the chairman of the church's advisory board, asking for its tower be restored. A fund was launched to help raise the costs of its repair.
Related pages
Battle of Berlin (air)
RAF Bomber Command
Bombing of Berlin in World War II
Coventry Blitz
Other websites
Google Maps Aerial View
Stalingrad Madonna history by Heinz Schroeter
Stalingrad Madonna Sermon
Protestant churches in Germany
Buildings and structures in Berlin
Buildings and structures completed in the 19th century
Pawling (village), New York

The Village of Pawling is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Villages in New York (state)
Dutchess County, New York
Polyamory

Polyamory is the practice of being in a romantic or sexual relationship with more than one partner at once. People who are polyamorous may be in an open relationship (where everyone involved can have romance and sex with whoever they want) or may be in a closed group where the partners are expected to be romantic and sexual only with each other. Being in a closed polyamorous group is also known as polyfidelity. The word polyamory can be used as an umbrella term for relationships that are not monogamous, have multiple partners, or are non-exclusive.
Practice of polyamory
Polyamory can take many different forms, depending on the preferences of the people consenting.
Relationships
Jalatunda

Jalatunda is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia.
Villages in Central Java
Tony Madigan

Antony Morgan "Tony" Madigan (4 February 1930 - 29 October 2017) was an Australian boxer and rugby player. He competed in boxing at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympics and finished in fifth, fifth and third place.
In 1960 Madigan lost his semifinal to Muhammad Ali. He also won medals at three Commonwealth Games in the light-heavyweight division - a silver in 1954 and gold in 1958 and 1962.
Madigan was the 2010 addition for the Australian National Boxing Hall of Fame Veterans category.
Madigan died in France on 29 October 2017 of complications from pneumonia at the age of 87.
References
Other websites
Australian Olympic Committee Biography
Madigan - The Man Who Fought Ali Twice, and Lived to Tell the Tale by Robert Messenger, 2016
Tony Madigan Boxing Results
1930 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in France
Australian rugby league players
Australian boxers
Australian Olympic medalists
Sportspeople from Sydney
Embroidery

Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials with designs stitched in strands of thread or yarn using a needle. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as metal strips, pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. Sewing machines can be used to create machine embroidery.
Qualifications
City and Guilds qualification in Embroidery allows embroiderers to become recognized for their skill. This qualification also gives them the credibility to teach. For example, the notable textiles artist, Kathleen Laurel Sage, began her teaching career by getting the City and Guilds Embroidery 1 and 2 qualifications. She has now gone on to write a book on the subject.
References
Other websites
The Crimson Thread of Kinship at the National Museum of Australia
Needlework
Oakland Charter Township, Michigan

The Charter Township of Oakland is a charter township on the north Oakland County outskirts of Metro Detroit, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 16,779 at the 2010 census.
References
Townships in Michigan
Zaire Province

Zaire is one of the 18 provinces of Angola. It is in the north west of the country. There are about 600,000 people. M'Banza Kongo is the capital of the province.
Provinces of Angola
Rachel Dawes

Rachel Dawes was a fictional Batman character who is good friends with Bruce Wayne and is one of the few people who knows Batman's secret identity. She was the love life of Harvey Dent until she was killed in a mass explosion causes by The Joker.
She was played by Katie Holmes in Batman Begins and the tie-in video game and by Maggie Gyllenhaal in The Dark Knight.
Other websites
Rachel Dawes at dc. wikia
Fictional characters introduced in 2005
The Dark Knight Trilogy characters
Medicine man

A medicine man is a traditional Native American healer. Healing was only part of their function. Another part of their role was as guardian of their belief system, and their rituals.
A very similar role was played in many other mesolithic and neolithic societies, such as pre-modern Africa and New Guinea. This person, man or woman, might help cure physical, mental, or spiritual health problems. A term such as shaman or witch doctor reflects the supernatural element in such roles.
References
Native Americans
Religious people
Healthcare
Engelbrekt Church

The Engelbrekt Church () is a protected church building. It is located at Larkstaden in the town of Stockholm in Sweden. The church was designed in the National Romantic style by architect Lars Israel Wahlman. In 1914, it was completed. It has 1,400 seats. The seating capacity makes it one of the larger churches in Stockholm.
The church was named after 15th century rebel Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson. The naming followed the spirit of romantic nationalism. The church built atop a hill in the years 1910-1914, after an design competition held in 1906. Most of the rock where the church stands was left mostly intact. That was in accordance to the urban planning ideals at the time. It gave the church a naturally elevated position in town.
The building has some features common to Byzantine architecture. It has a cruciform architectural plan with a high nave, The nave is the highest in Scandinavia. The church has been internationally appreciated in architectural circles. The church has not underwent any major changes since its inauguration. The church is regarded as a paragon of the Swedish Art Nouveau era and of the National Romantic style.
References
Other websites
Panorama of the interior
Churches in Stockholm
Church of Sweden churches
Maywood Park, Oregon

Maywood Park is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States.
Cities in Oregon
Rockport, Massachusetts

Rockport is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,952 at the 2010 census. Rockport is located near northeast of Boston.
References
Towns in Massachusetts
Hewing

In woodworking, hewing is the use of an axe to make a log into lumber. It is a very old way of making lumber, and was used in ancient times. Before the industrial era it was the normal way to make wood beams. Today it has mostly been replaced by sawmills, but is in some use.
Definitions
Hew is a word that means to strike, blow, chop, or gash with a tool such as an axe or sword. It is used in warfare, stone and wood cutting, and coal and salt mining. This is the root word for hewing.
Hewing wood is to shape a log with a sharp item such as an axe with the goal to flatten one or more sides.
Methods
As hewing has been used since ancient times, more than one way has been made to do each step. But in general, there are four steps in the process.
Prepare log
The first step is to prepare the log (or tree trunk). After a tree is selected and cut down, hewing can be done at the place where the log landed. Or the log can be moved out of the woods to a work site. The log is then usually placed across two smaller logs. It is kept steady by notching the support logs or by a long bar of iron with a tooth on either end. Then the person doing the hewing measures where to cut and marks lines along the log. These are usually done with a chalk line.
Scoring
The next step is to make notches every foot or two of the log. These are made almost as deep as the marked line. This is called scoring. There are at least three methods that can be used in scoring.
Standing on the log and swinging an axe to make the notches.
In Germany a method is used that includes two carpenters standing on the ground. This requires the log to be on trestles. They can then swing downward to make the scores.
A chainsaw can be used to notch the log.
Joggling or juggling
The next step is know as either joggling or juggling. In this step the pieces of wood between the notches are knocked off with an axe. The result is a rough surface cut down almost to the marked line. The steps to this point remove a much wood and make the last step hewing easier.
Hewing
The last step is called hewing. (The entire process is called hewing as well). This step is done on the sides of the log using a broadaxe. Hewing is started from the bottom of the trem stem upwards toward what was the top of the tree. This reduces the risk of broken fibers that may move inwards toward the beam.
It is also possible to use an adze to hew the top surface of a log. In the past, shipbuilders often used adzes to shape ship timbers. The choice of tool (either axe or adze) was made based on the position of the log to hew. The sides are best hewn with an axe and the top best hewn with an adze.
After the hewing is done, other tools are used to make the surface smooth. This can be done with a hand plane, drawknife, or yariganna.
Modern uses
Some people still used hand-hewn beams in modern building, but it is very rare. A more common use is the re-use of old hand-hewn beams taken from old buildings. They are also popular as decor in some buildings.
References
Other websites
Video of the German method of hewing
Video of scoring a log
Woodworking
Forestry
Cadu (footballer, born 1974)

Ricardo Frederico Rodrigues Antunes (born January 1, 1974) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club statistics
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References
1974 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
The Money Pit

The Money Pit is a 1986 American comedy movie directed by Richard Benjamin. The movie is a remake of Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House, a 1948 Cary Grant comedy. The Money Pit stars Tom Hanks and Shelley Long as a couple who try to fix a recently purchased house.
It was filmed in New York City and Lattingtown, New York, and was co-executive produced by Steven Spielberg.
References
1986 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movie remakes
Movies directed by Richard Benjamin
František Hadaš

Frantisek Hadas is an archer from Czechoslovakia. He was born on 22 March 1941. Hadas competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
References
Other websites
1941 births
Living people
Czech archers
Czech Olympians
Pessac-sur-Dordogne

Pessac-sur-Dordogne is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Amanda Righetti

Amanda Righetti (born April 4, 1983) is an American actress. She appeared in television programs, among them being The O.C.. She was also in several movies. Righetti was born in St. George, Utah.
References
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Utah
1983 births
Living people
Ian McElhinney

Ian McElhinney (born 19 August 1948) is a Northern Irish actor and director. He has appeared in many television series. He is known for his role as Barristan Selmy in Game of Thrones, and as General Dodonna in Rogue One.
References
Other websites
1948 births
Living people
Actors from Belfast
Movie actors
Television actors
Radio actors
Movie directors
Kitty Kallen

Kitty Kallen (born Katherine Kalinsky; May 25, 1921 - January 7, 2016) was an American popular singer whose career spanned from the 1930s to the 1960s--to include the Swing era of the Big Band years. She was best known for her 1954 solo recording '"Little Things Mean a Lot".
Kallen died on January 7, 2016 at her home in Cuernavaca, Mexico at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
Profile, discogs.com
Profile, artistdirect.com
1921 births
2016 deaths
American movie actors
Singers from Pennsylvania
Actors from Philadelphia
Vlissingen

Vlissingen, Zeelandic: Vlissienge, English: Flushing, is a city, municipality and seaport in the province of Zeeland, the Netherlands.
The city has about 33,000 people. The municipality has about 44,000 (2016). It has been an important harbor for centuries. Most of the Royal Netherlands Navy ships are built in Vlissingen.
References
Other websites
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Zeeland
Municipalities of Zeeland
Stan Cornyn

Stan Cornyn (July 8, 1933 - May 11, 2015) was an American record label executive. He was the author of Exploding: The Highs, Hits, Hype, Heroes, and Hustlers of the Warner Music Group (). He also wrote three privately published family genealogy books (all in the Library of Congress).
He was cousins with United States senator John Cornyn.
Cornyn died on May 11, 2015 at his home in Carpinteria, California at the age of 81.
References
Other websites
Brad Bigelow, "King of Liner Notes," Space Age Pop
dabelly.com Interview with Cornyn
1933 births
2015 deaths
Musicians from California
People from Oxnard, California
People from Ventura County, California
Writers from California
Memorial for the Yeshuv volunteers in World War II

The Memorial for the Yeshuv volunteers in World War II is a central memorial dedicated to the Jews from the British Army of British Mandate of Palestine that served in the British Army and who are not buried in Israel. Some of them were a part of the Jewish Infantry Brigade Group under the British army in Palestine. The memorial is located in the National Military and Police Cemetery in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. On the black wall of the memorial are the names of the 572 fallen soldiers by the units of the British army in the World War II and there symbols. Under the wall is a stone with a sign of the Star of David with the word "Remember". The memorial was built in 1973 by the architect Dr. Asher Hirem that was planned the national military and police cemetery in Mount Herzl.
Other websites
Palestine Jewish Volunteers movement during WW2 in the site of the Jewish Soldiers Museum in the World War 2
Mandatory Palestine
Monuments and memorials in Mount Herzl
World War II memorials in Israel
Eric the Victorious

Eric the Victorious (Old Norse: Eirikr inn sigrsaeli; Swedish: Erik Segersall) was the first Kingdom of Sweden. There is debate about whether or not he was actually the first king.
He is sometimes called Eric V or Eric VI. He is called this by people who count back from Eric XIV (1560-68).
Eric the Victorious originally controlled the area around Uppland. His kingdom may have extended down to Blekinge. He got the name "victorious," because of his victory in the Battle of Fyrisvellir.
According to Adam of Bremen, he was also the King of Denmark after the defeat of Sweyn Forkbeard. He probably also founded the town of Sigtuna, 38 km northeast from downtown Stockholm.
Adam also dated Eric the Victorious's death as between 992 and 995. He is remembered as a war-like and successful ruler.
References
Other websites
Carl L. Thunberg (2012): Slaget pa Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fyrisvellir in a New Interpretation)
Kings and Queens of Sweden
Old Saybrook, Connecticut

Old Saybrook is a town in Connecticut. It is in Middlesex County. There were 10,481 people living in Old Saybrook in 2020. The incorporated borough of Fenwick is in Old Saybrook. The census-designated places of Old Saybrook Center and Saybrook Manor are also part of the town.
Saybrook, Illinois is named after Old Saybrook.
National Register of Historic Places in Old Saybrook
Black Horse Tavern, added December 1, 1978
Elisha Bushnell House, added November 29, 1978
Connecticut Valley Railroad Roundhouse and Turntable Site, added April 28, 1994
Jedidiah Dudley House, added April 12, 1982
Samuel Eliot House, added November 9, 1972
General William Hart House, added November 9, 1972
James Pharmacy, added August 5, 1994
Lynde Point Lighthouse, added May 29, 1990
Old Saybrook South Green, added September 3, 1976
Parker House, added November 29, 1978
Humphrey Pratt Tavern, added November 7, 1972
Saybrook Breakwater Lighthouse, added May 29, 1990
William Tully House, added March 15, 1982
Ambrose Whittlesey House, added August 23, 1985
John Whittlesey Jr. House, added October 26, 1984
References
Other websites
Town government Web site
Towns in Connecticut
1854 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Connecticut
Nelson Eddy

Nelson Ackerman Eddy (June 29, 1901 - March 6, 1967) was an American singer, baritone and actor. He appeared in 19 musical movies during the 1930s and 1940s. He was born in Providence, Rhode Island.
From 1939 to 1967, he was married to Ann Denitz Franklin. However, he was in a domestic partnership with Jeanette MacDonald at the same time.
He starred with MacDonald in Naughty Marietta, Rose-Marie, and Maytime.
Eddy died on March 6, 1967 in Palm Beach, Florida after having a cerebral hemorrhage while performing at a club, aged 65.
References
Other websites
Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy Home Page
Nelson Eddy: The Baritone
Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy Interactive Biography
Photographs and literature
1901 births
1967 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American silent movie actors
Singers from Rhode Island
Actors from Providence, Rhode Island
Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson OM PC FRS (30 August 1871 - 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand-born British scientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his work on nuclear physics, and for his theory of the structure of the atom.
Career
Rutherford was one of the first researchers in nuclear physics, after the discovery of radiation by the French physicist Henri Becquerel in 1896. Rutherford discovered the radioactive half-life, and the three parts of radiation which he named Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. He also discovered that alpha particles were the nuclei of Helium. Rutherford's Geiger-Marsden experiment led to what we know today about the atomic structure, where the atom is a nucleus and electrons orbit around it.
In 1919, Rutherford made the world's first artificial nuclear reaction, where he put alpha particles with nitrogen gas and created particles of oxygen isotopes and protons. This was nuclear transmutation, changing nitrogen gas into oxygen gas.
Rutherford was the leader of the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. He proved the existence of the nucleus and that is was composed of protons and neutrons. In 1932 James Chadwick made an experiment at the Cavendish Lab that showed Rutherford was right.
Rutherford College, a school in Auckland, New Zealand, was named after him.
Related pages
List of scientists from Oceania
Other websites
The Rutherford Museum
Rutherford Scientist Supreme
Ernest Rutherford @ nobel.se
"Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937". A Science Odyssey, pbs.org.
1871 births
1937 deaths
New Zealand chemists
British chemists
British nuclear physicists
People buried in Westminster Abbey
Order of Merit
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom Barons
Fellows of the Royal Society
Presidents of the Royal Society
New Zealand Nobel Prize winners
New Zealand physicists
Barry Diamond

Barry Diamond (born November 14, 1951) is an American comedian. He was born in the Bronx, New York City. He released Fighter Pilot, on IRS Records in 1983. He is also a stand up comedian.
He has also acted in some films and television sitcoms.
References
Other websites
IMDB
Official website
1951 births
Living people
American stand-up comedians
Comedians from New York City
Indus Valley Bullfrog

The Indus Valley Bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) is a large species of frog found in Pakistan and the Republic of India.
Related pages
Frogs
Other websites
Frogs of Asia
Melon-headed whale

The Melon-headed Whale (Peponocephala electra) is a mammal of the oceanic dolphin family.
It is closely related to the Pygmy Killer Whale and the Pilot Whale. These dolphin species are known by the common name "Blackfish". The Melon-headed Whale is widespread throughout the world's tropical waters, although it is not often seen by humans because it prefers to live in deep water.
Oceanic dolphins
Mammals of Pakistan
Gas gangrene

Gas gangrene is a bacterial problem. It produces gas over tissues where there is gangrene. This condition is an medical emergency. Sepsis can happen with this condition.
Health problems