pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Commonwealth Secretary-General

The Commonwealth Secretary-General is the head of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the central body which has served the Commonwealth of Nations since its establishment in 1965. They are responsible for representing the Commonwealth publicly.
The Commonwealth Secretary-General should not be confused with the Head of the Commonwealth, who is currently Elizabeth II.
List of Secretaries-General
References
Harold Holt

Harold Edward Holt (5 August 1908 - 17 December 1967) was the 17th Prime Minister of Australia. He became Prime Minister after the retirement of Robert Menzies. He supported the United States in the Vietnam War. He disappeared while swimming at a beach in Victoria in December 1967. His body was never found. Many urban Australian myths surround his disppearance.
On the day of his disappearance, the guards at the gate of Point Nepean told Percy Cenulty, who held a camp that day at Point Nepean, that Harold Holt wasn't in the car that went through the gate. Theories state that Harold never went to the beach that day. The second night, the Springvale Necropolis was surrounded by military For the whole night. This has not happened ever before and since.
Early life and education
Harold Edward was born on 5 August 1908 in Stanmore, Sydney. Holt completed his schooling from Nubba State School. After one year of schooling at Nubba State School he went to Abbotsholme College, a private school in Killara where he studied for three years. In 1920, Holt went to Wesley College, Melbourne. He won a scholarship in his final year and graduated second in his class.
Related pages
List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910-1990
References
.
Accidental deaths by drowning
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Missing people
Politicians from Sydney
Politicians from Victoria (Australia)
Prime Ministers of Australia
Treasurers of Australia
1908 births
1967 deaths
People declared dead in absentia
Flash flood

A flash flood is very quick flooding of low-lying land, usually without prior warning. It may be caused by heavy rain or water from melted ice or snow. Flash floods can also happen after the collapse of a dam. A tsunami causes similar problems but is not usually called a flash flood.
How does a flash flood happen:
Flash floods occur when heavy rainfall exceeds the ability of the ground to absorb it. They also occur when water fills normally dry creeks or streams or enough water accumulates for streams to overtop their banks, causing rapid rises of water in a short amount of time.
Why does a flash flood happen:
A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, or tropical storm, or by melt-water from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields.
What to Do in Case of Flash Flood: 7 Tips to Stay Safe:
1. Evacuate the Area Under no circumstances should you or your family remain in the area during a flash flood. ...
2. Be Aware of Your Surroundings ...
3. Prepare Beforehand ...
4. Flood Emergency Kit ...
5. Have a Family Disaster Plan ...
References
Floods
Ancient Moirang

Ancient Moirang, also known as Keke Moirang, was an ancient civilization that flourished in the southern plains of the present day Manipur, India. The Keke Kangla served as the capital city of the kingdom since time immemorial. The major body of accounts related to the history, literature, mythology of the kingdom are collectively called Moirang Kangleirol.
History
Contemporary periods
The contemporary periods of the kingdom had parallelism with the Chinese Golden Ages. The period started from 52 BC in Moirang and 208 BC in China.
Genealogy of ancient rulers
The Moirang Ningthourol (genealogy of the ancient rulers) were calculated with reference to many ancient texts, including the Cheitharol Kumpapa.
Government and Economy
Administration and Commerce
The Iwang Puriklai (ruler of Moirang) was the absolute monarch of the kingdom. For a smooth and sound administration, the kingdom was divided into eight leikais (wards or sectors). Along with this division, there were also nine organized marketplaces.
There were various institutions of the Phamnaiba Loishangs (Offices hold by Scholars), for smooth and proper conduct of the Thangjing Haraoba in the kingdom.
Culture
Religion
The ancient people worshipped Lord Thangjing, the presiding deity, as the progenitor of the kingdom.
Related pages
Moirang
Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang
Ancient Manipur
References
Ancient India
Meitei culture
History of Manipur
Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984 movie)

Nineteen Eighty-Four is a 1984 British science fiction directed by Michael Radford and was based on the 1949 novel of the same name by George Orwell. It stars John Hurt, Richard Burton, Cyril Cusack, Suzanna Hamilton, Gregor Fisher, Roger Lloyd-Peck, Shirley Stelfox, Stephen Yardley, Hugh Walters and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It features music by the Eurythmics.
Other websites
1984 science fiction movies
British science fiction movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Michael Radford
Movies set in London
Movies about freedom of expression
Movies about security and surveillance
Movies about censorship
Kuznetsk

Kuznetsk () is a town in Penza Oblast, Russia, located in the foothills of the Volga Upland, mainly on the left bank of the Truyov River. Population:
Twin towns and sister cities
Kuznetsk is twinned with:
Gyula, Hungary (1970)
Dimitrovgrad, Russia (1972)
References
Cities and towns in Penza Oblast
Saint-Andiol

Saint-Andiol is a commune of 3,138 people (2005). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Communes in Bouches-du-Rhone
Photo editing

Photo editing or image editing is the changing of images. These images can be digital photographs, illustrations, prints, or photographs on film). Traditional editing, such as airbrushing, is done by hand. Now photo editing is done by programs such as Photoshop, Gimp and Microsoft Paint.
Photo editing is done for many reasons. Many photos of models are edited to remove blemishes or make the model "better". This is usually called retouching, airbrushing or Photoshopping, even if Photoshop or airbrushes are not used. Other reasons to edit a photo include fixing errors (red eye, contrast, brightness, etc.), practical jokes, and to trick people. Photo editing is also used to make completely new images. Photo editing is sometimes called photo manipulation, a term which sounds negative.
History
The first known example of photo editing happened in the 1860s to a photo of President Abraham Lincoln. Before the invention of computers, people had to edit images by hand. Some editing was done by pasting photos together. People also used tools like ink, paint and airbrushes. Enlargers made bigger pictures, and allowed adjustments such as brightening or darkening different parts.
In the 1980s, photo editing computer programs for personal computers were made. The first version of Adobe Photoshop was released in 1987.
In 2011 the first photo editing mobile apps were released on App Store Other apps have been made for other mobile operating systems. These apps allow editing and photo sharing by smartphone and tablet computer.
References
Photography
John Oates

John William Oates (born April 7, 1948) is an American rock, R&B and soul guitarist, musician, songwriter and producer. He is best known as half of the rock and soul duo, Hall & Oates (with Daryl Hall).
References
Official John Oates website
Official website of Hall & Oates
1948 births
Living people
American guitarists
American singer-songwriters
Singers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Writers from New York City
1999 AFC Women's Championship

1999 AFC Women's Championship was held in Philippines from 7 to 21 November.
Results
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Knockout stage
Other websites
RSSSF
AFC Women's Asian Cup tournaments
1999 in association football
1999 in Asia
1990s in the Philippines
Football in the Philippines
November 1999 events
Chukwubuike Adamu

Chukwubuike Junior Adamu (born 6 June 2001) is a professional footballer. He plays as a forward for Austrian Bundesliga club Red Bull Salzburg. He is born in Nigeria but plays for the Austria national team.
Career
He started his career in the youth teams of GSV Wacker and GAK in Graz. From 2015 till 2019 he played in the Red Bull Salzburg Academy. In 2017 he was for the first time member of the FC Liefering team and made his professional debut against WSG Wattens in November 2018 as he came in for Karim Adeyemi.
In September 2020 he made his debut for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Cupmatch versus SW Bregenz when he came in for Masaya Okugawa. In February 2021 he went on loan to the Swiss team FC St. Gallen. Adamu scored his first goal for Red Bull Salzburg in a 1-0 league win over Admira on 14 August 2021. His first international match was versus Brondby in the first leg of the Champion League play-off round.
In June 2023 he went to SC Freiburg in the Bundesliga.
International career
He played for the Austrian U18, U19 and U21 national team. For the U21 he played 10 matches and scored 9 goals. His first senior match was in November 2021 when he came in in minute 89 for Marko Arnautovic in the WM qualifier versus Israel.
Honours
Austrian Champion: 2022
Austrian Cup: 2022
References
2001 births
Living people
Players of FC Liefering
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Players of the Austrian national football team
Nigerian footballers
Austrian footballers
Austrian football forwards
Titus Livius

Titus Livius (; 64/59 BC - AD 12/17), was a Roman historian. Today, he is best known for his work Ab Urbe Condita (From the foundation of the city [of Rome]). In it, he tells the history of Rome from the foundation of the city (753 BC) to the year 9 BC. Livius was born probably in 59 BC in the city that is now called Padua. He died there in either 12 AD or 17 AD. In English, he is also known as Livy. Unlike other historians of the time, Livius was not active in politics.
About a quarter of Ab Urbe Condita is known exactly. The rest is lost, but for some parts, it is known what they contained (because other people summarized his works).
When citing his works, his name is usually shortened to Liv.
Ancient Roman historians
60s BC births
10s deaths
People from Padua
Firth, Idaho

Firth is a city in Bingham County in the state of Idaho, United States. In 2007 there 424 people living in Firth.
References
Cities in Idaho
Link (movie)

Link is a 1986 British horror movie directed by Richard Franklin and starring Elisabeth Shue, Terence Stamp, Kevin Lloyd, David O'Hara, Linus Roache. It was distributed by Cannon Films.
Other websites
1986 horror movies
British horror movies
Movies directed by Richard Franklin
Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)

Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba (died 1517) was a Spanish conquistador, known to history mainly for the ill-fated expedition he led in 1517, in the course of which the first European accounts of the Yucatan Peninsula were compiled.
English-language references
; online English edition
Other websites
Discovery of Yucatan , on the Mexican web site redescolar.
Discovery of Yucatan , on Mexico desconocido.
1517 deaths
History of Mesoamerica
Spanish explorers
Year of birth unknown
WWE Capitol Punishment

Capitol Punishment was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by WWE. The event took place June 19, 2011 at the Verizon Center in Washington, D.C.. It was the first Capitol Punishment event. Eight matches overall took place, with all of them airing live on PPV.
Matches
References
Other websites
Official Capitol Punishment website
2011 in professional wrestling
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
2011 in the United States
2010s in Washington, D.C.
June 2011 events
Gene LeBell

Ivan Gene LeBell (October 9, 1932 - August 9, 2022) was an American martial artist, instructor, stunt performer, and professional wrestler. He was born in Los Angeles, California. LeBell also worked on over 1,000 movies and TV shows and authored 12 books. He was born in Los Angeles. As an instructor, some of his best known students were Chuck Norris, Karo Parisyan, Manny Gamburyan, Ronda Rousey, Roddy Piper and Bruce Lee.
LeBell was an inspiration for the character of Cliff Booth, played by Brad Pitt, in Quentin Tarantino's 2019 movie Once Upon a Time in Hollywood.
LeBell died on August 9, 2022 at the age of 89.
References
Other websites
USMAF Biography
1932 births
2022 deaths
Educators from Los Angeles
American professional wrestlers
American martial artists
Stuntmen
Entertainers from Los Angeles
Warp drive

Warp drive (also called warp technology) is a hypothetical technology created in science fiction. As far as we know, it does nor exist. Its invention allowed writing books and making television and film media.
If it takes centuries or thousands of years to get anywhere in space, then the limitations of human life becomes an obstacle. That's even assuming we could travel without humans being riddled with holes by radiation of various kinds. We are so protected on planet Earth that we forget what it's like in deep space, which is flooded with radiation.
So warp drive is invented, and so is its cousin wormholes in space. There are no wormholes, or if they exist, we don't know it.
Warp drive and wormholes are the inventions of smart guys who make media. It is a way of moving objects faster than the speed of light. There are many examples of how this idea is used. A well-known one is found in the Star Trek universe, where faster-than-light travel is needed to tell the story.
Current technology does not allow anything or anyone to go at, or faster than, the speed of light. Unless the current theories are proven wrong, this will always be true. However, warp technology as a fictional idea has been an interesting way of shaping the story line to let spaceships move at speeds greater than 186,000 miles per second (speed of light through a vacuum: the known limit of speed in the universe).
Warp technology, as the name implies, 'warps space' in effect bringing a destination closer by bending space rather than the traditional 'thruster' means of propelling a spacecraft at high speeds.
Warp technology allows ships to move at warp speed. In the Star Trek universe, for example, the measurement of the speed that the spaceship is moving is called the warp factor. However, thrusters and impulse power propel spaceships at sub-light speed. Warp factor 1 is equal to the speed of light. The speed ranges up to warp factor 9.99. In some circumstances Star Trek spaceships can go faster than warp 10, although rarely.
Most of that is pure science fiction, and no evidence has been produced of any "warp drive".
In the field of quantum mechanics physicists have produced tiny wormholes, but they don't warp space time in the same way the "warp drive" concept does, rather they connect two separate points of spacetime through quantum entanglement.
References
Science fiction
Hylonomus

Hylonomus is an extinct stem tetrapod which lived 312 million years ago (mya) during the Pennsylvanian.
The lack of skull openings behind the eyes makes it difficult to decide whether or not it is a sauropsid. Westlothiana is older, but may have been an amphibian, and Casineria is rather fragmentary.
Hylonomus was long (including the tail) and probably would have looked rather similar to modern lizards. It had small sharp teeth and likely ate small invertebrates such as millipedes or early insects.
Fossils of Hylonomus have been found in the remains of fossilized club moss stumps in Joggins Fossil Cliffs, Nova Scotia, Canada. The theory is that, after harsh weather, the club mosses would crash down. The stumps eventually hollow out. Small animals such as Hylonomus, seeking shelter, might enter and become trapped, starving to death. Fossils of the basal pelycosaur Archaeothyris and the basal diapsid Petrolacosaurus are also found in the same region of Nova Scotia, higher up, dated about 6 million years later.
Some fossilized footprints, from about 315 mya, have been found in New Brunswick. They are attributed to Hylonomus.
References
Stem tetrapods
Reptiles
Speculative execution

In computer science, speculative execution is the execution of code, before being sure if the result will be needed.
The technique is used in most high-performance microprocessors to execute a complete instructions or parts of instructions before being sure whether this execution is required
In the context of functional programming, the term "speculative evaluation" is used instead.
Other websites
"Speculative computation in Multilisp."
Computer science
2022 Sri Lankan presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Sri Lanka on 20 July 2022. President Gotabaya Rajapaksa left the country on 13 July 2022 instead of resigning as he promised. Ranil Wickremesinghe won the election and will serve a term of 2 years.
Candidates
Declared
United National Party (UNP)
Declared
Ranil Wickremesinghe, incumbent Acting President of Sri Lanka, incumbent Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka People's Front (SLPP)
Declared
Dullas Alahapperuma,Former former Minister of Mass Media (2021-2022), and Member of Parliament for Matara District (2015-Present)
National People's Power (NPP)
Declared
Anura Kumara Dissanayaka , Former Chief Opposition Whip (2015-2018), Member of Parliament from Colombo Electoral District (2015-present)
Withdrawn
Sri Lanka People's Front (SLPP)
Gotabaya Rajapaksa, former President of Sri Lanka (20192022)
United People's Power (SJB)
Sajith Premadasa, incumbent Leader of the Opposition (2020-present), Member of Parliament from Colombo Electoral District (2020-present) initially declared to run for presidency. On 19 July, the day of selecting nominees, he withdrew his candidacy and announced that he and his party decided to support Dullas Alahapperuma.
Declined
Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP)
Maithripala Sirisena, former President of Sri Lanka (2015-2019)
Results
References
2022 elections in Asia
July 2022 events
Presidential elections
2020s in Sri Lanka
It Just Comes Natural

It Just Comes Natural is the 24th studio album by George Strait. The album was released on October 3, 2006 through MCA Nashville Records. The song "Give It Away" from the album was Strait's 41st Number One for Billboard Hot Country Songs.
Chart positions
2006 albums
Country albums
Daniela Lavorini

Daniela Lavorini (born 15 August 1976) is a female water polo player from Italy.
She participated at the 1997 Women's European Water Polo Championship, 2003 Women's European Water Polo Championship, and 2009 World Aquatics Championships.
On the club level, she played for Fiorentina Waterpolo.
References
1976 births
Living people
Italian water polo players
Alexisonfire

Alexisonfire was a Canadian post-hardcore band from St. Catharines, Ontario. Alexisonfire had six members in the band; they were George Pettit, Chris Steele, Wade MacNeil, Dallas Green, Jesse Ingelevics and Jordan "Ratbeard" Hastings. The band was formed in 2001 by the band members from Condemning Salemn, Helicon Blue and Plan 9. They released their self-titled first album on September 9, 2002. Alexisonfire split up in 2011.
Band members
George Pettit - lead vocals (2001-2011)
Dallas Green - guitar, piano, vocals (2001-2010)
Wade MacNeil - guitar, vocals (2001-2011)
Chris Steele - bass guitar (2001-2011)
Jordan "Ratbeard" Hastings - drums, percussion (2005-2011)
Jesse Ingelevics - drums, percussion (2001-2005)
Discography
Alexisonfire released 4 studio albums:
Albums
Alexisonfire (2002)
Watch Out! (2004)
Crisis (2006)
Old Crows / Young Cardinals (2009)
References
Other websites
Official website
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian punk bands
Post-hardcore bands
Hardcore punk
Musical groups established in 2001
2001 establishments in Canada
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
2011 disestablishments in Canada
Rib

A rib is a bone that forms a structure around the thorax of vertebrates. This is known as the rib cage. Humans have 24 ribs, 12 on each side.
It is a common urban legend that male humans have one fewer pair of ribs than female humans. However, this is not true. This came from the Christian bible explaining the creation of Eve from the rib of Adam.
Other websites
Bones
Dromesnil

Dromesnil is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Somme department in the north of France. It is from Amiens and from Paris. In 2011, 102 people lived there.
References
Communes in Somme
Toccoa, Georgia

Toccoa is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Stephens County.
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Gloria Romero (actress)

Gloria Romero (; born Gloria Galla; December 16, 1933) is an American-born Filipina actress. She was called the "Queen of Philippine Cinema" in the 1950s. She acted in Tanging Yaman, Nagbabagang Luha and Dalagang Ilocana. She also played Imelda Marcos in the biopic movie Iginuhit ng Tadhana.
References
1933 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Filipino movie actors
Filipino television actors
Actors from Denver
Kingbird

The kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) is a large tyrant flycatcher. This bird breeds from southern Arizona in the United States to as far as south as central Argentina, western Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago. Birds from the northernmost and southern breeding areas migrate to warmer parts of the range after breeding.
Description and ecology
An adult tropical kingbird is long and weighs . Both male and female are similar, but young birds have pale buff edges on the wing coverts.
The call is a high-pitched twittering trill, tree-e-e-e-e-e-e, with a more complex version sung by the male at dawn.
Their breeding habitat is semi-open areas with trees and shrubs, including gardens and roadsides. Tropical kingbirds like to view their surroundings from an open perch, usually high in a tree. They take long flights to catch insects in mid-air, which is called hawking. They sometimes hover to pick food off of plants, which is called gleaning. They also eat some fruit.
These birds defend their territory against intruders, even much larger birds such as toucans, caracaras or hawks.
They make a flimsy cup nest in a tree. The eggs are cream-colored with reddish-brown marks. The female incubates the typical clutch of two or three eggs for 16 days. After they hatch, it is about 18-19 more days until fledging.
The tropical kingbird is not a threatened species of the IUCN. This is because this bird is very common and they adapt well to changes in their environment.
References
Other websites
Nesting Tyrannus melancholicus
Kingbird, Tropical
Kingbird, Tropical
Tyranni
Mo Sun-young

Mo Sun-Young (born 11 March 1973) is a South Korean taekwondo athlete. She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the finweight event. At the Asian Taekwondo Championships she became Asian Champion in 1992 after winning the bronze medal in 1990.
References
1973 births
South Korean martial artists
Yueju Opera

Yueju Opera (),is a Chinese opera popular in China. It originated in Shengxian County(namely Shengzhou). The word "Yue" in Chinese means Zhejiang province and the regions around it. "ju" means (Chinese) opera. At present, Yueju Opera is the second most popular opera in China, after the Beijing Opera.
Chinese culture
Zhejiang
Travis Barker

Travis Landon Barker (born November 14, 1975) is an American drummer. He is better known for being in the band Blink-182. He is also the drummer for +44 and has several side projects such as Box Car Racer, Transplants and Expensive Taste.
Plane crash
Just before midnight on September 19, 2008, Barker and Adam "DJ AM" Goldstein were involved in a plane crash. Barker and Goldstein survived but the pilot, Sarah Lemmon, the co-pilot, James Bland, Chris Baker and security guard, Charles "Che" Still all died in the crash. Barker suffered both second and third degree burns that covered around 1/3 of his body.
Personal life
In May 2022, Barker married Kourtney Kardashian.
References
Other websites
Official website
1975 births
Living people
American drummers
American rock musicians
American punk musicians
Musicians from California
Blink-182 members
1919 Florida Keys hurricane

The Florida Keys Hurricane of 1919 was a strong hurricane in September 1919. It killed more than 770 people. It moved through the Florida Keys and southern Texas. It was the first such storm to cause a lot of damage in Corpus Christi, Texas. This storm did $22 million in damage. In Texas alone, the official number of deaths was 286, but it may have been closer to 600. The winds were around Category 3 level between Brownsville and Corpus Christi. They were at Category 4 levels over the Florida Keys.
1919 in the United States
Hurricanes in the United States
1910s in Florida
1910s in Texas
Dholavira

Dholavira () is an archaeological site. It is at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka from the Kutch District. It is in the state of Gujarat in western India. It took its name from a modern-day village south of it. This village is from Radhanpur.
References
Other websites
Excavations at Dholavira in Archaeological Survey of India website
Dholavira Pictures by Archaeological Survey of India website
Jurassic Park: Forest officials stumble upon priceless discovery near Dholavira; Express news service; 8 Jan 2007; Indian Express Newspaper
ASI's effort to put Dholavira on World Heritage map hits the roadblock; by Hitarth Pandya; 13 Feb 2009; Indian Express Newspaper
ASI to take up excavation in Kutch's Khirasara; by Prashant Rupera, TNN; 2 November 2009; Times of India
World Heritage Sites in India
Derren Nesbitt

Derren Nesbitt (born Derren Michael Horwitz; 19 June 1935) is an English actor and writer. Nesbitt's movie career began in the late 1950s. He is well-remembered for his role as Major von Hapen in the 1968 movie Where Eagles Dare.
In January 1973, Nesbitt was charged with assault after hitting his first wife, Anne Aubrey, multiple times after discovering she was having an affair.
References
Other websites
1935 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
British people convicted of assault
Writers from London
Writers from Sussex
Actors from London
Actors from Sussex
Akihito Kondo

was a Japanese baseball player. He played as a pitcher. He played for the Taiyo Whales in Nippon Professional Baseball from 1960 to 1973. He was named the Japan Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1960. He was later manager of the Yokohama BayStars from 1993 to 1995 and the Chiba Lotte Marines in 1997 and 1998.
Kondo was born in Takamatsu, Kagawa. He died on 27 March 2019, at the age of 80.
References
Other websites
Akihito Kondo at Baseball-Reference.com
1938 births
2019 deaths
Japanese baseball players
Ronnie Ortiz-Magro

Ronald J. Ortiz-Magro Jr. (born December 4, 1985) is an American television personality. He is best known as one of the eight main cast members in the MTV reality series Jersey Shore. She was born in The Bronx, New York City.
In 2017, Ortiz-Magro appeared in the second season of the E! reality series Famously Single.
In 2018, Ronnie Ortiz-Magro became part of the main cast in the MTV reality television series Jersey Shore: Family Vacation.
References
Other websites
1985 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
Television personalities from New York City
COVID-19 misinformation

The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 has caused a large number of conspiracy theories and misinformation about where the pandemic started, how serious it is and the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Background
According to the World Health Organization, the pandemic was also an infodemic, with misinformation spreading like disease. This was because social media let information spread quickly, because celebrities sometimes repeated conspiracy theories, and because many people were locked down at home without much else to listen to. When doctors or government officials went on television to say these conspiracy theories were wrong, that only made people think the conspiracy theories were important enough for doctors and officials to talk about. One group of scientists said governments could use conspiracy theories to distract people from real problems.
Fake information has been spread through social media, text messages, and mass media, including the state media of countries such as China, Russia, Iran, and Turkmenistan.
It has been spread by celebrities, politicians (including leaders in countries such as the United States, Iran, and Brazil), and other important public figures. Commercial scams have claimed to offer at-home tests and "miracle" cures.
Other claims include that the virus is a bio-weapon with a patented vaccine, a population control scheme, or the result of a spy operation. Many theories say that there is a link between the virus and Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV). They believe that the virus escaped from the WIV by accident.
Origins of the virus
One survey by Pew Research showed 29% of Americans who answered thought SARS-CoV-2 could have been made in a lab on purpose and 23% thought it could have been made in a lab by accident.
In early May 2020, United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said there was "enormous evidence" that the virus was from a laboratory in Wuhan. but he said it could have been an accident. Intelligence officials and virus scientists said it was more likely that the virus had not come from a lab.
A survey of people in the United Kingdom showed many of them thought COVID-19 was caused by 5G wireless networks.
When the leader of Iran, Ayatollah Khamenei, said that he did not want the United States to help his country against coronavirus, he named the idea that Americans had made the virus on purpose to harm Iranians as one of his reasons: "I do not know how real this accusation is but when it exists, who in their right mind would trust you to bring them medication?"
Scientific studies on the origins of the virus
On March 17, 2020, scientists from Columbia University and other places published a paper in Nature Medicine showing that SARS-CoV-2 was almost surely not made by humans in a laboratory. They did this by comparing the genomes of different viruses to each other. The scientists saw that SARS-CoV-2 did not match any of the viral backbones that already exist for virologists to use. Within a few weeks, this became one of the most cited scientific papers in history, meaning other scientists were reading it and using its information.
References
COVID-19 pandemic
Cult of domesticity

The cult of domesticity, also known as the cult of true womanhood, is an ideology about the roles proper for white women in the 1800s. This way of thinking promoted the ideal that wealthy white women should stay at home and should not do any work outside of the home. This ideology promoted an ideal of separate spheres, in which women remained in the home and men led out in the world. Four ideals were held up for women to aspire to:
Be more religious than men (piety)
Be pure in heart, mind, and body (purity)
Be deferential to their husbands (submissiveness)
Act as keepers of home and hearth, concerned chiefly with household duties (domesticity)
The idea of this domesticity was practiced in 1820. However, the ideology was not recognized and truly followed until the 1840s and 1850. Some think that this domesticity came to an end only when the Civil War had ended (in 1865) due to some changes in beliefs about women's roles.
This ideology strongly discouraged women from obtaining an education. This ideology was thought to elevate the moral status of women and benefit them in ways such as living lives of higher material comfort. It made the roles of wife and mother important in society.
References
2. https://study.com/academy/lesson/cult-of-domesticity-definition-significance.html
3. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/117679/Bonventre.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Women
Maimun Zubair

Sheikh Kyai Hajji Maimun Zubair (Jawi: ; October 28, 1928 - August 6, 2019) was an Indonesian cleric. He was the murshid of Idrisiyya Shadhili in Sarang, Rembang Regency, Central Java. In 1967, Maimun created the Pondok Pesantren Al-Anwar in his home village, Karangmangu.
Zubair was a member of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of Rembang Regency from 1971 to 1978. He became a member of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia (MPR RI) from the Central Java envoy in 1987 and served until 1999.
Zubair was born in Rembang Regency, Central Java. He died on August 6, 2019 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia while performing a religious ceremony, aged 90.
References
1928 births
2019 deaths
Indonesian people
Religious leaders
Jefferson County, Wisconsin

Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 83,686. Its county seat is Jefferson.
References
Wisconsin counties
Laterina

Laterina was a comune in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany. On 1 January 2018, the former municipalities of Laterina and Pergine Valdarno merged to form the new municipality of Laterina Pergine Valdarno.
Former municipalities of Tuscany
Almond, Wisconsin

Almond is a village in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 459 people in 2000. The area of Almond is 1 square mile, thanks to the United States Census Bureau.
References
Villages in Wisconsin
Portage County, Wisconsin
Arrondissements of the Vienne department

There are 3 arrondissements in the Vienne department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.
If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.
Arrondissements are further divided into communes.
The arrondissements of Vienne are:
History
Since its creation, the Vienne department has had some changes:
1790 : creation of the Vienne department with six districts: Chatellerault, Civray, Loudun, Lusignan, Montmorillon and Poitiers. Poitiers was the capital of the department.
1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Chatellerault, Civray, Loudun, Montmorillon and Poitiers; Lusignan was left out.
1926 : the arrondissements Civray and Loudun were eliminated.
References
Related pages
Arrondissement of Chatellerault
Arrondissement of Montmorillon
Arrondissement of Poitiers
List of arrondissements of France
Vienne
Partial fraction decomposition

Partial fraction decomposition is taking a big algebra fraction and splitting it into a bunch of smaller fractions that are added together. Partial fractions are used to get the antiderivatives of algebra fractions.
In math writing, we're turning this:
Into this:
The denominators of all these fractions are factors of g(x).
Algebra
Fractions (mathematics)
Lu Yonggen

Lu Yonggen (; 2 December 1930 - 12 August 2019) was a Chinese agronomist, plant geneticist, educator, and philanthropist.
Lu was President of South China Agricultural University from 1983 to 1995. He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1993. He was named China's second most generous philanthropist in 2017 after donating his entire life savings of 8.8 million yuan (US$1.34 million) to his university.
Lu was born in Hong Kong. He died on 12 August 2019 in Guangzhou at the age of 88.
References
1930 births
2019 deaths
Chinese educators
Chinese scientists
Chinese philanthropists
Edwards Plateau

The Edwards Plateau is a region of west-central Texas which is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east, the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north, and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west. San Angelo, Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area. The eastern part of the plateau is known as the Texas Hill Country.
The Edwards Plateau has 41 counties.
References
Regions of the United States
Geography of Texas
Saint-Marcel-en-Murat

Saint-Marcel-en-Murat is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Emma Taylor-Isherwood

Emma-Rose Taylor-Isherwood (born April 27, 1987) is an American actress. She played the roles of Mona Parker in the TV series Mona the Vampire and Josie Trent in the science fiction program Strange Days at Blake Holsey High.
Biography
Taylor-Isherwood was born in Toronto. She began her career at the age of nine, with a voice role in the animated special Teddy Bears Rescue, before lending her voice for Miffy: Colors, Numbers & Shapes and Mona the Vampire. She has appeared in movie including Tales from the Neverending Story, The Shipping News and Who Gets The House.
Filmography
References
1987 births
Living people
Canadian actors
Mamie Till

Mamie Elizabeth Till-Mobley (born Mamie Elizabeth Carthan; November 23, 1921 - January 6, 2003) was an American educator and activist. She took part in the Civil Rights Movement. She was the mother of Emmett Till, who was killed at the age of 14 years old after allegedly offending a white woman. She insisted a open casket for her son for people to see what they had done to him.
References
1921 births
2003 deaths
Bert Newton

Albert Watson Newton (23 July 1938 - 30 October 2021) was an Australian media personality. He was a member of the Logie Hall of Fame as a four-time Gold Logie award-winning entertainer and radio, theatre and television presenter. He hosted shows such as In Melbourne Tonight, New Faces, Good Morning Australia, 20 to 1 and Bert's Family Feud.
Newton was born in Fitzroy, Victoria. He was married to Patti Newton (nee McGrath). The couple had two children, actor Matthew and TV personality Lauren.
Newton died on 30 October 2021, aged 83.
References
Other websites
1938 births
2021 deaths
Australian radio personalities
Australian television presenters
People from Melbourne
Mary L. Good

Mary Lowe Good (June 20, 1931 - November 20, 2019) was an American inorganic chemist. She worked academically, in industrial research and in government.
Good was known for her works in the understanding of catalysts such as ruthenium which activate or speed up chemical reactions.
From April 3, 1996 to April 12, 1996, Good was acting United States Secretary of Commerce until Mickey Kantor was sworn-in.
Good won many major awards including the Garvan-Olin Medal, the Othmer Gold Medal, the Priestley Medal, and the Vannevar Bush Award.
Good died at her home in Little Rock, Arkansas, on November 20, 2019, at the age of 88.
References
1931 births
2019 deaths
American chemists
United States Secretaries of Commerce
Scientists from Little Rock, Arkansas
Politicians from Fort Worth, Texas
Politicians from Little Rock, Arkansas
Scientists from Texas
People from Grapevine, Texas
Lester Crystal

Lester M. Crystal (September 13, 1934 - June 24, 2020) was an Emmy Award-winning American television news executive. He was born in Duluth, Minnesota. He was best known for being executive producer of the nation's first hour-long nightly newscast, The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour (now known as the PBS Newshour).
He joined the organization as executive producer in 1983 and was appointed president of MacNeil/Lehrer Productions in 2005. He retired from the NewsHour in 2010. He was president of NBC News from 1977 to 1979 and executive producer of NBC Nightly News.
Crystal died on June 24, 2020 in New York City from brain cancer, aged 85.
References
1934 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Emmy Award winners
American television producers
Journalists from Minnesota
Businesspeople from Minnesota
People from Duluth, Minnesota
Kim Novak

Kim Novak (born February 13, 1933) is an American actress. She was known for her roles in Vertigo (1958), Middle of the Night (1959), The Notorious Landlady (1962), Of Human Bondage (1964), and in Liebestraum (1991).
Novak was born on February 13, 1933 in Chicago, Illinois to parents of Czech descent. She studied at David Glasgow Farragut High School and at School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Novak was married to Richard Johnson from 1965 until they divorced in 1966. Then she was married to Robert Malloy since 1976. They now live in Eagle Point, Oregon. Novak was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2010. She had treatment and has recovered.
References
Other websites
Photographs and literature
1933 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Pack rat

The pack rat, also known as the wood rat or trade rat, is a rodent of one of several species in the genus Neotoma. Very often, people mean the bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea). Packrats are common in the deserts and highlands of the western United States and northern Mexico. They are smaller than a usual (Old World) rat, and usually have long, sometimes bushy tails. They are also not related to the rat, other than also being a rodent.
Rodents
Mammals of North America
Fortaleza Esporte Clube

Fortaleza Esporte Clube is a football club which plays in Brazil.
1918 establishments
1910s establishments in Brazil
Brazilian football clubs
Fortaleza
Seattle metropolitan area

The Seattle metropolitan area is an urban area in the U.S. state of Washington. It is made of Seattle and places around Seattle, such as satellite cities. It has the three counties in Washington with the most people in them. These are King, Snohomish, and Pierce counties. It is part of the Puget Sound region. The United States Census Bureau calls the Seattle metropolitan area the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA metropolitan statistical area. 3,979,845 live there . It is the 15th largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States. Over half of the people in Washington live there.
Geography of Seattle
Metropolitan areas of the United States
Rusk, Texas

Rusk is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Doutzen Kroes

Doutzen Kroes (Pronounced Dow-tsen Croos) (born 23 January 1985 in Eastermar, Friesland) is a Dutch-Frisian model who has become internationally famous. In the Netherlands she is not only famous as a model, but also for her support for the Frisian language which is her first language. She is married and has two children.
Life
After she had finished school Doutzen sent a few holiday photos to a model agency Paparazzi in Amsterdam. She hoped she would be able to earn a little extra money. To her amazement she was so successful that in two years she had become a top model.
In 2005, Kroes was selected as "Model of The Year" on Vogue.com by readers and was featured as a supermodel on the cover of the May 2007 issue. Along with several of these models, she appeared in the 2008 Pirelli calendar.
Doutzen appears in shows for Versace and Dolce & Gabbana and has a contract with the cosmetic firm L'Oreal. This contract made her the highest paid Dutch model ever. In November 2007 she became one of Victoria's Secret angels.
Doutzen's first language is Frisian. She is very active in the campaign "Praat mar Frysk" ("Let's speak Frisian") which helps to make the Frisian language popular. She earned a Frisian Press Prize for this work in December 2007.
In 2007 she was the 13th highest paid model in the world, having earned 3,8 million euro.
On 28 April 2008, Madame Tussauds added a wax model of Doutzen to the exhibition. The skirt she is wearing is said to be her favourite skirt. It is designed by Roberto Cavalli.
Doutzen spends most of her time in her apartment in New York.
In 2010 she married Sunnery James a DJ. Their first child, Phyllon, was born in January 2011. Their second child, a girl, was born in 2014.
References
Other websites
Profile at YES Model Management
1985 births
Living people
Dutch models
People from Friesland
Beachlands, New Zealand

Beachlands is an outer suburb of Auckland. It was established in the 1920s. The development has increased from the 1950s, which makes it a beach holiday destination. It has a primary school, and its nearest high school is at Howick College or Botany Downs Secondary College.
References
Auckland
Towns in New Zealand
Franklin Local Board Area
Sequence dance

Sequence dancing is a form of dance in which there is a preset pattern of movements, to music. The music is usually also preset. Sequence dancing may include dances of many different styles. The term may include ballroom dances, which move round the floor, as well as line, square and circle dances.
Sequence dancing in general is much older than modern ballroom dances. With the exception of the waltz, invented around 1800, all dances in ballrooms were sequence dances until the early 20th century. The quadrille was one example, the minuet another.
After modern ballroom dancing developed, in England, sequence dancing continued. It included so-called 'Old Time' dances and also adapted versions of the new ballroom dances, and then versions of Latin dances. Sequence dancing is a competitive sport as well as a social pastime.
The British Sequence Championships is the most famous annual sequence dance competition and is part of the Blackpool Sequence Dance Festival. This is held in the Empress Ballroom, Winter Gardens, Blackpool, England, since 1949.
References
Dance types
Octopoda

Octopoda is one of the largest orders which contain the common octopus and some other types. Fossila are rare, but they do have a fossil record starting in the later Carboniferous.
Octopods are put into two suborders. One, the Incirrina, is composed of the well-known Octopus of rocky shores and coral reefs and its relatives. The other suborder, the Cirrina, contains octopods whose tentacles are linked by an umbrella-like mantle, so their activity is rather different from the common octopus.
References
Cephalopods
Évry, Essonne

Evry was a former commune in the Essonne department in France. On 1 January 2019, it became part of the new commune, Evry-Courcouronnes.
The university Ecole nationale superieure d'informatique pour l'industrie et l'entreprise and le business school Institut Mines-Telecom Business School are in the city.
References
Former communes in France
Communes in Essonne
Departmental capitals in France
Nuclear DNA

Nuclear DNA is the DNA inside the cell nucleus of eukaryotic cells. This DNA is a double helix, with two strands wound around each other. This double helix structure was first described by Francis Crick and James D. Watson in 1953.
This DNA is different from the DNA in bacteria, mitochondria and plastids such as chloroplasts. Nuclear DNA is very long, and is bound up in chromosomes which, apart from the DNA, are protein structures. The second difference is that each eukaryote cell has two sets of DNA, one set from each parent: it is diploid. Mitochondrial and plastid DNA is relatively short, is in a circle, and there is only one set (haploid), not two. It is supposed that these organelles were once independent bacteria (see endosymbiosis).
The consequence of nuclear DNA being double is highly important. The genes in mitochondria and plastids only change when a mutation happens. Nuclear DNA gets shuffled by the cell division known as meiosis, part of sexual reproduction. This leads to a variety of offspring from any two parents.
Another feature of nuclear DNA is that it is regulated by proteins and RNA systems which control the rate of transcription into messenger RNA. In this way, most of the cell products are adjusted according to the circumstances.
References
DNA
Aberystwyth

Aberystwyth (Mouth of the River Ystwyth) is a historic market town, administrative centre and holiday resort. It is in the area of Ceredigion in West of Wales. Locals call the area 'Aber'.
The people who live there mostly speak English, though many are also fluent in the Welsh language. It is a university town. The small town of over 13,000 grows by another 10,000 in term time when the students are there. The nearby suburb of Llanbadarn Fawr has another 3,400 people.
Transport
Aberystwyth has a train station at the western end of the Cambrian Line from Shrewsbury.
Sister cities
Aberystwyth is twinned with :
Kronberg im Taunus, Germany, since 1997
Saint-Brieuc, France, since 1973
Esquel, Argentine Patagonia
Towns in Ceredigion