pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sofia Albertina Church

Sofia Albertina Church () a church building in Landskrona in Sweden. It belongs to the Landskrona Parish of the Church of Sweden. It was opened in 1788. However the two towers were not completed until 1816.
References
Other websites
Church of Sweden churches
18th-century buildings and structures
Luigi Lombardi

Luigi Lombardi (18 September 1853 - June 23, 1940) was an Italian painter from Lombardy. He was much influenced by Francesco Filippini.
Museum
Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo
Art prize
Legato Brozzoni
Silver Medal of Brera Academy, 1876
Silver Medal of Brera Academy, 1877
Premio Brozzoni, 1882
Art exhibition
Milano, 1893 (Paesaggio invernale)
1920-1921, Esposizione del paesaggio italiano sul Garda, a Villa Alba di Gardone R.
Art works
Nel mio orto (1879)
Case (1884)
Spiaggia con ulivi
Capodiponte sotto la pioggia (1887)
Paesaggio d'inverno (1893)
Predore sotto la neve (1887)
Lago d'Iseo
Verliebtes Bauernpaar
Heimkehr vom Markt
Contadina nella neve
In laguna
La casa di campagna
Borgo di pescatori sul Tirreno in Maremma
Barca in secca
Spadaccino
Impressioni a Darfo
Paesaggio collinare con lago
Senza titolo
Barche con figure
Veduta di Capo di Ponte.
Related pages
Francesco Filippini
List of Italian painters
1853 births
1940 deaths
Italian painters
People from Brescia
Drapetomania

Drapetomania was a supposed mental illness that American physician Samuel A. Cartwright hypothesized as the cause of black slaves running away in 1851. It has since been debunked as pseudoscience and part of scientific racism.
Etymology
The term derives from the Greek drapetes (drapetes, "a runaway [slave]") and mania (mania, "madness, frenzy").
Description
In Diseases and Peculiarities of the Negro Race, Cartwright points out that the Bible calls for a slave to obey his master, and that if he does, the slave won't want to run away.
He claimed that the disease happened when masters "made themselves too familiar with [slaves], treating them as equals".
References
Sources
Samuel A. Cartwright, "Report on the Diseases and Physical Peculiarities of the Negro Race", The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal 1851:691-715 (May).
Reprinted in DeBow's Review XI (1851). Available at Google Books and excerpted at PBS.org.
Reprinted in Arthur Caplan, H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., and James McCartney, eds, Concepts of Health and Disease in Medicine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1980).
Reprinted in Arthur L. Caplan, James J. McCartney, Dominic A. Sisti, eds, Health, Disease, and Illness: Concepts in Medicine (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2004)
Scientific racism
Moreton

Moreton is a village and civil parish in Epping Forest, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 366 people living in Moreton.
References
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Falling in Love

Falling in Love is a 1984 American romantic drama movie set in New York City. It stars Meryl Streep, Robert De Niro and Harvey Keitel. This movie was released in autumn 1984 in the United States.
1984 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
1980s English-language movies
Movies set in New York City
Paramount Pictures movies
McCartney (album)

McCartney is Paul McCartney's first solo album. Paul McCartney was part of the famous band The Beatles. Apple Records released it on 17 April 1970. McCartney recorded it in secret. He mostly used home-recording equipment at his house in St John's Wood. Professional London studios did some of the mixing and recording. It has loosely arranged performances. McCartney decided to be different from the Beatles' past records: He did not want a polished, precise sound. Instead, he used a lo-fi style. Apart from some contributions by his wife, Linda, McCartney performed the entire album alone by overdubbing on four-track tape.
McCartney recorded the album when he had depression and felt confused. This was shortly after John Lennon left the Beatles in September 1969. Conflict over the release of McCartney's album made it harder for McCartney to be friends with his bandmates. He refused to wait to release the album so that the Beatles' album Let It Be could go first. A press release in the form of a self-interview supplied with UK promotional copies of McCartney led to the Beatles' break-up.
Track listing
Side one
"The Lovely Linda" - 0:43
"That Would Be Something" - 2:38
"Valentine Day" - 1:39
"Every Night" - 2:31
"Hot as Sun/Glasses" - 2:07
"Junk" - 1:54
"Man We Was Lonely" - 2:56
Side two
"Oo You" - 2:48
"Momma Miss America" - 4:04
"Teddy Boy" - 2:22
"Singalong Junk" - 2:34
"Maybe I'm Amazed" - 3:53
"Kreen-Akrore" - 4:15
References
1970 albums
Canary damsel

The Canary damsel (Similiparma lurida) is a species of marine fish of the family Pomacentridae. It lives mostly in shallow, subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and is sometimes also known as the Cape Verde gregory, which is also a common name of Stegastes imbricatus.
Description
Each fish has large eyes, with coloring that is black to brownish black with blue on the fins, and lighter colors on the bottom part of the body. Juveniles may have side stripes on their bodies as well. During their mating season, adults exhibit sexual dimorphism.
Distribution and habitat
Canary damsels are commonly associated with reefs in subtropical areas, where individuals grow to around 15 cm in length, and feed mostly on algae and small invertebrates. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, specifically near Macaronesia (Madeira, Azores, Savage Islands Canary Islands, Cape Verde) and Senegal at depths to about .
Canary damsels live in rocky areas, where they lay eggs that are defended by males. The young can be found along the coast, especially in tide pools.
Relationship with humans
The Canary damsel is sometimes harvested for use in saltwater aquaria on a very small scale. Its total population size is unknown and it faces no known threats from humans. It is also found in many marine protected regions. This fact, together with a non-fragmented range, and no evidence of population decline, has led the IUCN to classify the Canary damsel as "Least Concern."
References
Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
Mothra

Mothra is a kaiju, a type of fictional monster who first appeared in the book series The Luminous Fairies and Mothra by Takehiko Fukunaga, Shinichiro Nakamura, and Yoshie Hotta. The first movie she appeared in was Mothra.
Movie appearances
Mothra (1961)
Mothra vs. Godzilla (1964)
Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster (1964)
Godzilla vs. the Sea Monster (1966)
Destroy All Monsters (1968)
Godzilla vs. Gigan (1972) (stock footage)
Godzilla vs. Mothra (1992)
Monster Planet Of Godzilla (1994)
Godzilla vs. Space Godzilla (1994; also as "Fairy Mothra")
Rebirth of Mothra (1996; also as "Mothra Leo")
Godzilla Island (1997)
Rebirth of Mothra II (1997; as "Mothra Leo", "Rainbow Mothra", and "Aqua Mothra")
Rebirth of Mothra III (1998; as "Rainbow Mothra", "Light Speed Mothra", "Armor Mothra", and "Eternal Mothra")
Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack (2001)
Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla (2002) (stock footage)
Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. (2003)
Godzilla: Final Wars (2004)
''Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019)
Monsters
Fictional characters introduced in 1961
Godzilla
Miguel Induráin

Miguel Angel Indurain Larraya (born July 16, 1964) is a Spanish retired road racing cyclist. He was a professional cyclist from 1985 to 1996. He was the first person to win the Tour de France five times in a row from 1991 to 1995. He also won the Giro d'Italia two times, in 1992 and 1993. In 1994, he cycled 53.040 kilometres in one hour, which was a new hour record. He also won the Olympic Gold medal for the time trial in 1996.
Indurain was very good at time trials. In the five Tours de France that he won, he only won two stages that were not time trials. He finished time trials much quicker than other cyclists, so he did not need to attack in mountain stages. In the 1996 Tour de France, he had a bad cold and he could not win. He retired later in 1997.
Achievements
Tour de France finishings
1985: Withdrew, 4th stage
1986: Withdrew, 8th stage
1987: 97th
1988: 47th
1989: 17th
1990: 10th
1991: 1st
1992: 1st
1993: 1st
1994: 1st
1995: 1st
1996: 11th
Giro d'Italia finishings
1992: 1st
1993: 1st
1994: 3rd
Vuelta a Espana finishings
1985: 84th
1986: 92nd
1987: Withdrew
1988: Withdrew
1989: Withdrew
1990: 7th
1991: 2nd
1996: Withdrew, 12th stage
Major results
World Time-Trial Championship (1995)
Summer Olympics Men's Individual Time Trial (1996)
Dauphine Libere (1995, 1996)
Paris-Nice (1989, 1990)
Clasica de San Sebastian (1990)
Criterium International (1989)
Grand prix du Midi Libre (1995)
Volta a Catalunya (1988, 1991, 1992)
Tour de l'Avenir (1986)
Accolades ya boi emilio
French Legion d'honneur
Prince of Asturias Awards: Sports (1992)
Active member - Laureus World Sports Academy
1995 ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year
1964 births
Giro d'Italia winners
Living people
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
People from Navarre
Spanish cyclists
Spanish Olympic gold medalists
Spanish Roman Catholics
Tour de France cyclists
Tour de France winners
Simon Cziommer

Simon Cziommer (born 6 November 1980 in Nordhorn) is a German footballer. He plays for the Dutch club Vitesse.
Career
He started his career in his local football club FC Schuttdorf 09. Soon he went to the Netherlands where he played for Twente Enschede, AZ Alkmaar, and FC Utrecht. 2003- 2006 he played for Schalke 04 in the German Bundesliga. Since 2009 he plays for F. C. Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. He also played for the German U20-team.
Honours
Champions League player with Schalke 04
Austrian Champion with Red Bull Salzburg 2010
Other websites
Players profile Official Homepage FC Red Bull Salzburg(German)
Players profile Austrian Soccer Board(German)
1980 births
Living people
German footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Sportspeople from Lower Saxony
Jerry Williams (singer)

Jerry Williams, real name Sven Erik Fernstrom (15 April 1942 - 25 March 2018) was a Swedish singer and actor. He was known early in his career as the lead singer of The Violents he then launched a solo career.
Early life
Williams likes playing football and was very interested in sports, ice hockey and was engaged in cycle sport who was also a member of a boxing club called Narva BK. While his father is taking care of him and his brother.
Career
In 1962, Williams and the Violents released a version of "Darling Nelly Grey" as a single, which became a major hit in Sweden.
Williams was also an actor appearing as Frasse in the 1985 movie On the Loose. He also voice dubbed a few characters in the Disney movie Rock-a-Doodle.
In 1989, Williams released the song "Did I Tell You" which became his biggest hit song and the record "JW" which led to him being discovered by a new generation.
During the Eurovision Song Contest 1989 he was a part of the choir for the song En Dag which was performed by Tommy Nilsson representing Sweden.
In 2013, Williams co-operated with opera singer Malena Ernman on the latter's album called I decembertid. He sang "Counting Miracles", the opening track of the album as a duet with Ernman. The song charted at Svensktoppen, and placed as number one on 6 April 2014.
Personal life
Williams was a lifelong communist. Off stage he led a very private life with his family, dogs and training who was also an AIK supporter.
Williams lived in Taby at the time of his death. Williams died from cancer in Taby on 25 March 2018, aged 75.
References
Other websites
1942 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Swedish movie actors
Swedish voice actors
Swedish rock singers
Featherfoot

A featherfoot or Kadiatcha man is a sorcerer in Australian Aboriginal spirituality. A featherfoot is usually a bad spirit who kills people. In most traditional Aboriginal beliefs, there is no such thing as a natural death. Every death is caused by evil spirits or spells. It is usually because of an enemy, who wants revenge for something.
A featherfoot is so named because they are believed to have supernatural powers, including the ability to fly and move inter-dimensionaly when threatened as means of escape. He wears special shoes made of feathers (usually emu) and hair, stuck together with human blood. Scholars say that the shoes leave no tracks (footprints).
The Kadiatcha uphold tribal law. They do not kill random people only those who have transgressed traditional customs. They use a pointing bone a form of Spiritual weapon and when someone has had the bone pointed it weakens them and the Kadiatcha will then track that person down until the transgression has been dealt with.
South-West of Western Australia, which includes the Noongar people, have a local scary story to tell at night. When the featherfoot is hunting you, it waits till you're alone or in a small group, at night walking to a destination. The person or the group will start to get a sense of foreboding, followed by a strong sense they are being followed. The featherfoot is close behind, following. Its steps are silent and leave not tracks. The only way to survive a feathfoot attack is to never look behind you until you get back to a light source. Keep walking and don't look back, it's when the person looks behind them, is when it attacks. Often the reason the spirit will follow and attack someone is because they have committed a crime, or something as heinous or evil.
All that is left behind after an attack, is a single large unknown bird feather and a small amount of the victims blood.
One has been witnessed to live in the Western Australian, Albany Narrikup region, where many animal remains are also found near it's lair in bushland. It is threatened by dogs.
References
Indigenous Australian culture
Australian mythology
Parts of speech

Parts of speech are types of word in grammar. There are many different word categories: they are called 'lexical categories'. The most common are these:
Open and closed classes
Verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and interjections are called open classes because they are parts of speech that can easily add new words. On the other hand, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions are closed classes because new words cannot be added easily. For example, since pronouns are a closed class, there are fairly few pronouns: I, me, my, mine, myself, you, your, yours, yourself, he, him, his, his, himself, she, her, her, hers, herself, it, it, its, its, itself, we, us, our, ours, ourselves, they, them, their, theirs, themselves. Since pronouns are used to replace whole noun phrases, there is no need to have many kinds of pronouns. Instead of saying "The Earl of Sandwich introduced the Earl of Sandwich's favorite food, the sandwich", one uses the pronoun his to replace "the Earl of Sandwich's" to make the sentence not repeat itself when it doesn't have to, thus the sentence becomes "The Earl of Sandwich introduced his favorite food, the sandwich". New nouns, on the other hand, can easily be made, and are constantly being added into the English language.
References
(Retrieved 17/03/2023)
Mazaruni tree frog

The Mazaruni tree frog (Dendropsophus grandisonae) is a frog that lives in Guyana. Scientists have only seen it in one place. It does not live high in the hills.
References
Frogs of South America
Alta Vista, Iowa

Alta Vista is a city in Iowa in the United States.
References
Cities in Iowa
Bruno Iwuoha

Chief Bruno Obinna Iwuoha (6 October 1952 -- 10 April 2021) was a Nigerian actor. He won the Best Supporting Actor award at the 3rd Africa Movie Academy Awards for his performance in the movie "Sins of the Flesh".
Filmography
World Apart
Magic Cap
Keeping Close
Another Bondage
Faces Of Love
Days Of Hatred
Two Bad Boys
Double Mind
Eagle's Bride
Forever Yours
Jealous Lovers
My Own Share
My Portfolio
Occultic Battle
The Prince and The Princess
Sins Of The Flesh
References
Other websites
Nigerian actors
Movie actors
Award winning actors
Year of birth missing
1952 births
2021 deaths
Packy (elephant)

Packy (April 14, 1962 - February 9, 2017) was an Asian elephant at the Oregon Zoo in Portland, Oregon, United States. He was famous for having been the first elephant born in the Western Hemisphere in 44 years.
Packy was euthanized after suffering from tuberculosis at the Oregon Zoo on February 9, 2017, at the age of 54.
References
1962 births
2017 deaths
Deaths by euthanasia
Portland, Oregon
Individual elephants
Thrombocythemia

Thrombocythemia is a condition of high platelet (thrombocyte) count in the blood. Normal count is in the range of 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microlitre of blood.
When the cause is unknown, the term thrombocythemia is used, as either primary thrombocythyemia or essential thrombocythemia. This is caused by problems found in the bone marrow, cells that overproduce the platelets. The cause of these problems is unknown.
References
Blood disorders
NES Classic Edition

The NES Classic Edition (also known as NES Mini) is a smaller version of the Nintendo Entertainment System with 30 games pre-installed. It is also known as the Famicom Mini in Japan. It was released in North America and Europe on November 11, 2016, in Japan and Australia on November 10, 2016,
and November 23, 2016 in Russia. The console comes with one controller. The cable of the controller is 0.7 meter long.
The Super NES Classic Edition, released in 2017, is the successor to the NES Classic Edition.
Hardware
The console features a 720p HDMI display output and controllers that are similar to the original NES controller. The console also includes an emulation engine developed by Nintendo European Research and Development.
Games
The NES Mini comes with 30 games. Each game can be saved. There are 4 save states for each game.
All versions of the console (no matter what region) include the following games:
Balloon Fight
Castlevania
Donkey Kong
Double Dragon II: The Revenge
Dr. Mario
Excitebike
Galaga
Ghosts 'n Goblins
Gradius
Ice Climber
Kirby's Adventure
Mario Bros.
Mega Man 2
Metroid
Ninja Gaiden
Pac-Man
Super C
Super Mario Bros.
Super Mario Bros. 2
Super Mario Bros. 3
The Legend of Zelda
Zelda II: The Adventure of Link
The North American, European, and Australian versions have the following exclusive games:
Bubble Bobble
Castlevania II: Simon's Quest
Donkey Kong Jr.
Final Fantasy
Kid Icarus
Punch-Out!! Featuring Mr. Dream
StarTropics
Tecmo Bowl
The Japanese "Famicom" version has the following exclusive games:
Atlantis no Nazo
Downtown Nekketsu Koshinkyoku: Soreyuke Daiundokai
Downtown Nekketsu Monogatari
Final Fantasy III
NES Open Tournament Golf
Solomon's Key
Tsuppari Ozumo
Yie Ar Kung-Fu
Reception
Some people think that the cables of the controllers of the NES Mini are too short.
Sales
The NES and SNES Classic editions sold more than 10 million units by September 30, 2018.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Nintendo video game consoles
Life vest

A life vest (also called Personal flotation device, lifejacket, or cork jacket) is a special type of clothing. The vest makes people float in water. It also keeps their head out of the water so that they can breathe. There are different categories of life vests. They are mainly different in how much flotation they provide. Some life vests inflate all by themselves, others need to be filled with air manually.
A life vest has one very important property: The part of keeping the head outside the water works even if the persion is unconscious, or unable to do anything. A swimming aid will simply help the person in the water, and make swimming easier. It will not work on its own.
People doing watersports, for example sailing, usually wear life vests.
Types
There are two broad categories of life vests:
Those that are worn all the time, sometimes over clothing. Here, the design goal is also that wearing them is moderately comfortable. Example users are sailors, and people doing certain water sports. This use is called preventative.
Those that are only worn on occasion: For example, those on planes, or on passenger ferrries. Usuallly they are designed so that they are easy to use (and quick to put on). This use is called interventative.
Life vests are also classified by the minimum and maximum supported weight, which is usually printed on the vest. For this reason, there are special life vests for children. Also note, that the simplest types of life vest usually do not support the person wearing it becoming unconscious (and still guarantee that the person is in the right position, and the head is outside the water).
To be safe even for unconscious people, these vests must bring the wearers to lie on their back. For adults, this means that they must have a flotation of at least 230 Newton. Note that even with such vests, this can usually not be guaranteed: The wrong angle of hiting the water surface, or the position of arms and legs can prevent it.
Protective clothing
Sailing
Knittelfeld District

The Knittelfeld District is a former district in the state of Styria in Austria. Knittelfeld merged with the district of Judenburg to form the new district of Murtal on 1 January 2012.
Municipalities
Suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.
Apfelberg
Landschach
Feistritz bei Knittelfeld
Altendorf, Moos
Flatschach
Gaal
Bischoffeld, Gaalgraben, Graden, Ingering II, Puchschachen, Schattenberg
Grosslobming
Kleinlobming
Mitterlobming
Knittelfeld
Kobenz
Hautzenbichl, Neuhautzenbichl, Oberfarrach, Rassnitz, Reifersdorf, Unterfarrach
Rachau
Glein, Mitterbach
Sankt Lorenzen bei Knittelfeld
Fotschach, Gottsbach, Leistach, Pichl, Preg, Preggraben, Ritzendorf, Sankt Benedikten, Schutt, Untermur
Sankt Marein bei Knittelfeld
Feistritzgraben, Fentsch, Fressenberg, Greith, Hof, Laas, Mitterfeld, Prankh, Sankt Martha, Wasserleith, Kniepass
Sankt Margarethen bei Knittelfeld
Gobernitz, Kroisbach, Obermur, Ugendorf
Seckau
Durnberg, Seckau, Neuhofen, Sonnwenddorf
Spielberg
Einhorn, Ingering I, Laing, Lind, Massweg, Pausendorf, Sachendorf, Schonberg, Spielberg, Weyern
1946 establishments in Europe
2012 disestablishments in Europe
Former districts of Austria
2002 FIFA World Cup

The 2002 FIFA World Cup was a football sporting event that was held in South Korea and Japan from May 31 to June 30, 2002. 32 teams took part from many countries. Brazil won the trophy after beating Germany in the final by a score of 2-0. 69,029 people were at the finals at International Stadium, Yokohama.
Participants
Africa
Senegal (SEN) * Squad
South Africa (RSA) * Squad
Tunisia (TUN) * Squad
Asia
China PR (CHN) * Squad
Japan (JPN) * Squad
South Korea (KOR) * Squad
Saudi Arabia (KSA) * Squad
Europe
Belgium (BEL) * Squad
Croatia (CRO) * Squad
Denmark (DEN) * Squad
England (ENG) * Squad
France (FRA) * Squad
Germany (GER) * Squad
Italy (ITA) * Squad
Poland (POL) * Squad
Portugal (POR) * Squad
Republic of Ireland (IRL) * Squad
Russia (RUS) * Squad
Slovenia (SVN) * Squad
Spain (ESP) * Squad
Sweden (SWE) * Squad
Turkey (TUR) * Squad
North and Central America
Costa Rica (CRC) * Squad
Mexico (MEX) * Squad
United States (USA) * Squad
South America
Argentina (ARG) * Squad
Brazil (BRA) * Squad
Ecuador (ECU) * Squad
Paraguay (PAR) * Squad
Uruguay (URU) * Squad
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Group G
Group H
Knockout stage
Third place play-off
Final
Goalscorers
3 goals
Miroslav Klose
2 goals
John Dahl Tomasson
1 goal
Papa Bouba Diop
Patrick M'Boma
Matt Holland
Dario Rodriguez
Michael Ballack
Carsten Jancker
Thomas Linke
Oliver Bierhoff
Bernd Schneider
Gabriel Batistuta
Roque Santa Cruz
Francisco Arce
Teboho Mokoena
Quinton Fortune
Sol Campbell
Niclas Alexandersson
Raul
Juan Carlos Valeron
Fernando Hierro
Sebastjan Cimirotic
References
FIFA
|
FIFA World Cup tournaments
FIFA World Cup
2000s in Japan
2002 in South Korea
Football in Japan
Football in South Korea
May 2002 events
June events
Leithiinae

Leithiinae is a subfamily of dormice.
References
Holden, M. E.. 2005. Family Gliridae. Pp. 819-841 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Dormice
Julymar Otero

Julymar Otero (born 31 October 1996, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico) is a female volleyball player. She is a member of the Puerto Rico women's national volleyball team. She was part of the Puerto Rican National Team at the 2013 U18 Youth Pan American Cup, and 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.
She played for College of Central Florida, and Towson University.
References
1996 births
Volleyball players
West

West is one of the 4 main directions on a compass. West is normally to the left on most maps. For example: (Germany is located to the west of Poland, which is itself located to the west of Lithuania). When "The West" is used in everyday speech: it usually refers to the nations of Europe (Especially from Croatia Westward) and its daughter states in the Americas and Australasia. The sun and moon also set in the west.
Basic English 850 words
Compass directions
Black Hole of Calcutta

Black Hole of Calcutta was a dungeon in old Fort William, Calcutta, India. It was 18 feet (5.5 metres) long and 14 feet (4 metres) wide, and had two small windows.
The fort was built by the British to defend their trading interests in Calcutta. During hostilities in 1756, the fort was captured by the army of the Nawab of Bengal on 20 June. John Zephaniah Holwell, a British eyewitness, reported that those taken in the capture of the fort, numbering 146, were confined to the dungeon, and that only 23 survived. The story was told by John Zephaniah Holwell, a survivor. However, 146 people could not have fit in a room of 24 x 18 feet. Today most concede that Holwell greatly exaggerated the number of captives.
The British captured and killed the Nawab. An obelisk was later raised in memory of those who died in the Black Hole. Holwell's account of the incident has been challenged by modern historians and scholars.
References
Further reading
Holwell, John Zephaniah. A Genuine Narrative of the Deplorable Deaths of the English Gentlemen and others who were suffocated in the Black Hole. London, 1758.
Prisons in Asia
18th century in India
Kolkata
1756
Max Cleland

Joseph Maxwell Cleland (August 24, 1942 - November 9, 2021) was an American politician. Cleland, a Democrat, was a disabled US Army veteran of the Vietnam War. He was the United States Senator from Georgia from 1997 through 2003.
From 2003 to 2007, he was on the Board of Directors of the Export-Import Bank of the United States. From 2009 to 2017, he was Secretary of the American Battle Monuments Commission.
He lost serval limbs when he was blown by a grenade during his service in the Vietnam War.
Cleland died on November 9, 2021 at his home in Atlanta, Georgia from heart failure, aged 79.
References
1942 births
2021 deaths
United States senators from Georgia
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Politicians from Atlanta
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Deaths from heart failure
Emory University alumni
Military people from Georgia (U.S. state)
Bikini

A bikini is a type of swimsuit for women. It consists of two parts; pants and a bra top, leaving an uncovered area between the two. The bikini is an ancient invention, reinvented after the Second World War.
The bikini is perhaps the most popular female beachwear around the globe.
By the mid-2000s bikinis had become a US $811 million business annually, according to the NPD Group, a consumer and retail information company. The bikini has boosted spin-off services like bikini waxing and the sun tanning industries.
History
Predecessors of the bikini date back to antiquity, in Catalhoyuk and the Greco-Roman world. Artwork dating back to the Diocletian period (286-305 AD) in Villa Romana del Casale, Sicily depicts women in garments resembling bikinis in mosaics on the floor. The images of ten women, dubbed the "Bikini Girls", exercising in clothing that would pass as bikinis today, are the most replicated mosaic among the 37 million colored tiles at the site. Archeological finds, especially in Pompeii, show the Roman goddess Venus wearing a bikini. A statue of Venus in a bikini was found in a cupboard in the southwest corner in Casa della Venere; others were found in the front hall.
By the early 1940s two-piece swimsuits were frequent on American beaches. Hollywood stars like Ava Gardner, Rita Hayworth and Lana Turner tried similar swimwear or beachwear.
The modern bikini was introduced by French engineer Louis Reard and fashion designer Jacques Heim in Paris in 1946. Reard was a car engineer but by 1946 he was running his mother's lingerie boutique near Les Folies Bergeres in Paris. Heim was working on a new kind of beach costume. It comprised two pieces, the bottom large enough to cover its wearer's navel. Reard named his swimsuit the "bikini", taking the name from the Bikini atoll, one of a series of islands in the South Pacific where testing on the new atomic bomb was occurring that summer. He promoted it with the slogan "le bikini, la premiere bombe an-atomique". This is a play on words: "anatomique" means "relating to anatomy". Reard could not find a model to wear his design. He ended up hiring Micheline Bernardini, a nude dancer from the Casino de Paris. That bikini, with a g-string back, had of cloth with newspaper type printed across. It introduced on July 5 at Piscine Molitor, a public pool in Paris. Heim's design was the first worn on the beach, but the clothing was given its name by Reard. The bikini became increasingly popular throughout the 1960s and 70s.
Images
Other websites
"David Dodge and the Art of the Bikini"
"A Brief History of the Bikini: How the tiny swimsuit conquered America", Slate Magazine, July 5, 2006.
Bikini Science
References
Swimwear
Ammonium dichromate

Ammonium dichromate is a chemical compound. It is composed of ammonium and dichromate ions. Its chemical formula is (NH4)2Cr2O7. It is a reddish crystalline solid. It is a weak acid. It is a strong oxidizing agent and can explode when heated in a closed container. This is because ammonium is a weak reducing agent, making a redox reaction. It is used in volcano demonstrations. It is poisonous because it contains dichromate, which is similar to chromate. It is a carcinogen. It is used in oxidation reactions. It is made by reacting chromic acid and ammonium hydroxide.
Related pages
Potassium dichromate
Potassium chromate
Chromium
Nitrogen compounds
Luna (given name)

Luna, is a given name meaning "moon".It is a feminine name that is associated with the night sky, the moon, and the stars. Luna is a name that is often associated with mystery, beauty, and femininity. It is a name that is often associated with the goddess of the moon, Selene. This name was ranked #11 on the US Popular Names in 2021.
People named Luna
Luna Celeste (born 1963), American voice actress
Luna Leopold (1915-2006), American scientist
Luna Vachon (1962-2010), Canadian professional wrestler
Luna Shamsuddoha, Bangladeshi Women entrepreneur
Fictional
Luna Lovegood, in the Harry Potter series
Luna Inverse, oldest sister of Lina Inverse of the series Slayers
Luna Moody, a minor character in One Life to Live
Luna Platz, a character in Mega Man Star Force
Mrs Luna, in the Henry James book The Bostonians
Princess Luna, a character in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic
References
Given names
The Kentuckian (1908 movie)

The Kentuckian is a 1908 American silent western movie directed by Wallace McCutcheon Sr. and stars Edward Dillon, Florence Auer, and D. W. Griffith. The movie is about an intermarriage between Indians and white people.
Actors
Edward Dillon as Ward Fatherly
Florence Auer
D. W. Griffith as Card Sharp
George Gebhardt
Harry Solter
Mack Sennett
Anthony O'Sullivan
John G. Adolfi
Wallace McCutcheon Jr.
Robert G. Vignola
References
Other websites
American movies
1908 movies
American silent movies
American Western (genre) movies
Glen Rock, New Jersey

Glen Rock is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 census, the borough had a population of 11,601.
References
Boroughs in New Jersey
Ananke (mythology)

Ananke means personification of fate in Greek mythology.
References
Greek mythology
Darren Daulton

Darren Arthur Daulton (January 3, 1962 - August 6, 2017), nicknamed Dutch, was an American professional baseball player who played catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB). He was a three-time MLB All-Star with the Philadelphia Phillies, and won a World Series with the Florida Marlins in 1997.
Daulton died from brain cancer on August 6, 2017 in Clearwater, Florida at the age of 55.
References
Other websites
1962 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Cancer deaths in Florida
Philadelphia Phillies players
Florida Marlins players
Sportspeople from Kansas
Writers from Kansas
Ronneby

Ronneby is a town in the county of Blekinge in Sweden. It is the seat of Ronneby Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Blekinge County
Neve, Gliz and Aster

Neve and Gliz were the official mascots of the 2006 Winter Olympics and Aster was the official mascot of the 2006 Winter Paralympics, both held in Turin, Italy.
Neve and Gliz in Turin and Italy -- about the size of a elephant -- that make up the legs They stamp their small cube feet, that this is the size of mouse and rat, Neve and Gliz that are extremely nervous. When they are surprised, they freeze immediately, and then run away in a zig-zag through the forest. nothing -- size the warthog.
Sports mascots
2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Paralympics
Fictional races
MODOK

MODOK (also written as M.O.D.O.K.; an acronym for Mental/Mobile/Mechanized Organism Designed Only for Killing) is a fictional character. It appears in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Tales of Suspense #93 (September 1967). A creation of the villainous society known as A.I.M., he used to be a A.I.M. scientist named George Tarleton but was forcibly mutated into a grotesque and horrific monster/machine both in appearance and attitude. A.I.M. origanally wanted to use him as their weapon but he took them over instead.
He became a major reccurring antagonist for both Captain America, agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., The Hulk, agent Sharon Carter, and even some villains such as Doctor Doom.
Reviews
IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time ranked MODOK as #100.
Portrayal
Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, MODOK has appeared in over four decades of Marvel continuity, and starred in the miniseries Super-Villain Team-Up: MODOK's 11 #1-5 (Sept.-Dec. 2008), the self-titled one-shot MODOK: Reign Delay #1 (Nov. 2009) and the miniseries MODOK: Head Games #1-4 (Dec. 2020-April 2021), the last of which was released as a promotion for the self-titled animated series M.O.D.O.K. (2021), in which MODOK (and his younger alternate self, the Anomaly) was voiced by Patton Oswalt.
Several original incarnations of MODOK have been adapted to the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) multimedia franchise: Darren Cross (portrayed by Corey Stoll); Anton Ivanov / the Superior, portrayed by Zach McGowan; Ernest Vigman, portrayed by Keith David; and Aldrich Killian, voiced by Nick Sullivan.
Marvel Comics characters
Wyoming's at-large congressional district

Wyoming's at-large congressional district is a single congressional district in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It contains all of Wyoming including the big cities such as Cheyenne.
References
At-large United States congressional districts
United States congressional districts by state
Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within

Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within is a 2001 computer animated movie based on the Final Fantasy franchise.
Cast
Ming-Na Wen as Dr. Aki Ross
Alec Baldwin
Ving Rhames
James Woods
Steve Buscemi
Production
Aki Ross was made as a digital actor voiced by Ming-Na Wen who was supposed to appear in multiple movies. She appeared on a 2001 cover of Maxim.
Reception
The movie flopped at the box office and had mixed reviews, particularly the motion capture animation for characters such as Aki Ross.
2001 computer-animated movies
2001 fantasy movies
2001 science fiction movies
American animated movies
2000s American fantasy movies
American science fiction movies
Japanese movies
Final Fantasy
Movies set in the future
Qajar dynasty

The Qajar dynasty (Persian: slslh qjr), was an Iranian dynasty that originated from the Turkmen Qajar tribe. It ruled Iran from 1789 to 1925.
Qajar Shahs of Iran
References
Sources
Notes
History of Iran
Royal dynasties
1781 establishments
1925 disestablishments
18th-century establishments in Iran
1920s disestablishments in Asia
1780s establishments in Asia
Teublitz

Teublitz () is a town in Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Naab, 12 km south of Schwandorf, and 23 km north of Regensburg.
Twin cities
Baborow, Opole Voivodeship, Poland
Blovice, Plzen Region, Czech Republic
References
Schwandorf (district)
Dzifa Attivor

Dzifa Aku Attivor (22 February 1956 - 15 November 2021) was a Ghanaian politician and businesswoman. She was Minister for Transport in Ghana until her resignation in December 2015. She was appointed in February 2013 by President John Mahama.
Attivor died on 15 November 2021 in Accra, Ghana at the age of 65.
References
1956 births
2021 deaths
Ghanaian politicians
African businesspeople
Béthancourt-en-Vaux

Bethancourt-en-Vaux is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Gurzelen

Gurzelen is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Bern
Wieluń

Wielun is a city in the central part of Poland in Lodz Voivodeship. Around 27,000 people live here. The city was started in 1283.
Twin towns
Wielun is twinned with:
Adelebsen, Germany
Osterburg, Germany
Ochtrup, Germany
Letterkenny, Ireland
Other websites
Official city webpage
Cities in Poland
Sapito Rugoso Del Marahuaka

The Sapito Rugoso Del Marahuaka (Metaphryniscus sosae) is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family. It is the only species in the genus Metaphryniscus. It lives in Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
References
La Marca, E. & Senaris, C. 2004. Metaphryniscus sosae. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 July 2007.
Toads
Frogs of South America
Nanny McPhee

Nanny McPhee is a 2005 British fantasy movie. It was directed by Kirk Jones. The stars of Nanny McPhee are Emma Thompson and Colin Firth. Thompson also wrote the script for the movie. The script is based on Christianna Brand's Nurse Matilda books.
Plot
Nanny McPhee is about a nanny called who had magic, and used it to help naughty children be good. The family in this movie has seven children, and all of them are naughty. Nanny McPhee taught them 5 lessons. The first lesson was to 'sleep when they should sleep'. The second was to 'get up when they are told', the third lesson was 'to get dress when they are told', the fourth lesson was 'to listen' and the fifth and final lesson was to 'completely obey parents' commands'.
Cedric Brown (Colin Firth)'s wife died, leaving behind seven children. Cedric was very busy at work and he had to take care of his children when he went home. Therefore, Cedric had already found 16 nannies. However, none could cope with the children.
A woman who looked extremely ugly appeared on his doorstep. The woman told Cedric that her name is Nanny
McPhee, and she would like to be the children's nanny. McPhee had magical powers. The children become nicer day by day, and Cedric's situation is improved a lot.
Cast
Emma Thompson as Nanny McPhee
Colin Firth as Cedric Brown
Kelly Macdonald as Evangeline
Angela Lansbury as Great Aunt Adelaide
Celia Imrie as Mrs. Selma Quickly
Imelda Staunton as Mrs. Blatherwick
Derek Jacobi as Mr. Wheen
Patrick Barlow as Mr. Jowls
Thomas Sangster as Simon Brown
Eliza Bennett as Tora Brown
Jennifer Rae Daykin as Lily Brown
Raphael Coleman as Eric Brown
Samuel Honywood as Sebastian Brown
Holly Gibbs as Christianna Brown
Hebe and Zinnia Barnes as Agatha (Aggie) Brown
Other websites
2005 fantasy movies
British family movies
British fantasy movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Kirk Jones
Universal Pictures movies
1410

1410 was a common year.
Events of 1410
March 29 - The Aragonese capture Oristano, capital of the giudicato di Arborea in Sardinia
July 15 - Battle of Grunwald (also known as Tannenberg or Zalgiris). Polish and Lithuanian forces under the cousins Wladyslaw Jagiello of Poland and Vytautas the Great decisively defeat the forces of the Teutonic Knights, whose power is broken
Jan Hus is excommunicated by the Archbishop of Prague.
Antipope John XXIII is elected.
Start of the building of Castle Woerden.
Births
date unknown
Masuccio Salernitano, Italian poet (died 1475)
William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness (died 1484)
probable
Johannes Ockeghem, Dutch composer (died 1497)
Conrad Paumann, German organist and composer (died 1473)
Vecchietta, Sienese painter, sculptor and architect (died 1480)
Deaths
March 5 - Matthew of Krakow, Polish reformer (born 1335)
March 16 - John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset
May 3 - Pope Alexander V
May 18 - Rupert of Germany, Count Palatine of the Rhine (born 1352)
May 31 - King Martin I of Aragon (born 1356)
July 15
Ulrich von Jungingen, German Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (killed in battle) (born 1360)
Friedrich von Wallenrode, komtur of Ryna, (killed in battle)
September 13 - Isabella of Valois, queen consort of England (born 1387)
date unknown
Beatrice, Queen of Portugal in the 1383-1385 crisis and Queen-consort of John I of Castile (born 1372)
John Badby, English martyr
Louis II, Duke of Bourbon (born 1337)
John Gower, English poet (born 1330)
Suffolk Coastal

Suffolk Coastal is a local government district in Suffolk, England. Its council is based in Woodbridge. Other towns include Felixstowe. It was organized on April 1, 1974.
1974 establishments in England
Osvaldo Hurtado

Luis Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea (born June 26, 1939) is an Ecuadorian author and politician. He served as President of Ecuador from 1981 to 1984.
Hurtado was born on June 26, 1939 in Chambo, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. He was married to Margarita Perez. Hurtado studied at Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador.
References
Other websites
Short Curriculum at EcuadorOnline
1939 births
Living people
Presidents of Ecuador
Vice presidents of Ecuador
Aligarh

Aligarh is a city in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh state. This city is famous for lock industries and Aligarh Muslim University. Aligarh is one of the largest cities of the state. It is also the 55th largest city of the nation.
The Battle of Aligarh was fought on 1 September 1803 during the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805) at Aligarh Fort. Aligarh district is divided into five tehsils, namely Kol Tehsil, Khair Tehsil, Atrauli, Gabhana and Iglas. These tehsils are further divided into 12 blocks.2011 census showed the Aligarh urban area with a population of .
References
Other websites
Cities in Uttar Pradesh
Dzintars Jaundžeikars

Dzintars Jaundzeikars (14 February 1956 - 16 March 2022) was a Latvian politician. He was a member of the LPP/LC and a deputy from 2002 until 2010. Jaundzeikars was also Minister of the Interior of Latvia from 3 November 2005 to 7 November 2006.
Jaundzeikars died on 16 March 2022 at the age of 66.
References
1956 births
2022 deaths
Latvian politicians
Peterhof

Peterhof (or Petergof), meaning "Peter's Court" is a town in Saint Petersburg on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. It has a population of about 65,000. It hosts one of two campuses of Saint Petersburg State University. A series of palaces and gardens, laid out on the orders of Peter the Great, and sometimes called the "Russian Versailles", is also there. The palace-ensemble along with the city center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In the time of Peter the Great, the sea floor just north of the Petergof site and to the east toward St. Petersburg was too shallow for commercial ships or warships. But to the west of Petergof, the sea floor dropped off to be deep enough for sea vessels. Accordingly, when Peter the Great decided to build St. Petersburg at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland, he built the commercial harbor for St. Petersburg and the Kronstadt fort across the 20 kilometers (12 miles) of shallow sea to supply and defend his Navy.
Saint Petersburg
A Great Space Voyage

A Great Space Voyage () is a 1975 Soviet science fiction movie directed by Valentin Selivanov. It stars Ludmila Berlinskaya, Sergei Obrazov, and Igor Sakharov.
Actors
Ludmila Berlinskaya -- Sveta Ishenova
Sergei Obrazov -- Fedya Druzhinin
Igor Sakharov -- Sasha Ivanenko
Lyusyena Ovchinnikova -- Fedya's mother
Pavel Ivanov -- Egor Kalinovsky, ship commander
Ninel Myshkova -- Katerina, employee of the airplane control department
Zinaida Sorochinskaya -- doctor and boy's mother
Alexei Leonov -- cameo
References
Other websites
1975 science fiction movies
Soviet science fiction movies
Christine Taylor

Christine Joan Taylor (born July 30, 1971 in Allentown, Pennsylvania) is an American actress and comedian. She played the character Marcia in The Brady Bunch Movie and A Very Brady Sequel. She also starred in Party Girl, a television program based on the 1995 comedy of the same name.
Taylor dated actor Matthew Lillard in 1995.
Taylor married actor Ben Stiller in 2000.
References
American movie actors
American television actors
1971 births
Living people
Actors from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Genzano di Roma

Genzano di Roma is an Italian city in Lazio. It is about southeast of Rome. About 23,700 people live there.
Cities in Lazio
Journans

Journans is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Communes in Ain
Feeling Myself

"Feeling Myself" is a hip-hop song by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. It also features American singer-songwriter Beyonce. It was released on December 15, 2014. It was also recorded in the same year the song was released (2014). It is from Minaj's third studio album, The Pinkprint. It was written by Minaj, SZA, Beyonce, and Hit-Boy. It spent 20 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 making it a world record for the longest charting non-single by a female rapper. The song's lyrics are intense, and brag about the two musicians.
References
Nicki Minaj songs
Beyonce songs
Hip hop songs
2014 songs
Frank Lovejoy

Frank Andrew Lovejoy Jr. (March 28, 1912 - October 2, 1962) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles in The Hitch-Hiker and for starring in the radio drama Night Beat.
Other websites
1912 births
1962 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American television actors
Actors from New York City
Knock on Any Door

Knock on Any Door is a 1949 Brazilian American courtroom drama movie directed by Nicholas Ray and was based on the 1947 novel of the same name by Willard Motley. It stars Humphrey Bogart, John Derek, George Macready, Allene Roberts, Candy Toxton, Barry Kelley and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Other websites
1949 drama movies
Brazilian movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Nicholas Ray
Columbia Pictures movies
Diponegoro

Diponegoro was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch rule in Indonesia. He was the eldest son of Sultan
Hamengkubowono III. Diponegoro was born at Yogyakarta in 1785 and died at Makassar in 1855. During the Dutch rule, a ruler like his father had lost many rights such as the ability to lease land. Instead, he was paid by the Dutch to keep peace. This was an indignity to his father. This led to an open battle headed by Diponegoro himself using guerrilla tactics, which was called the Java War. It lasted for five years, from 1825 until 1830. During that period Diponegoro had successfully led battles, ambushing Dutch camps and raiding food supplies. Over the period of five years, more than 200,000 people were dead because of the war. In 1830, he was sent away by the Dutch to Manado, then moved to Ujungpandang, and he spent the rest of his life there. After being held by the Dutch in Fort Rotterdam in Ujungpandang for 25 years, he died there in 1855.
References
Other websites
Cache Coins Indonesian web page translated here into English
TokohIndonesia Another Indonesian web page translated into simple English
Indonesian people