Galápagos Islands

The Galapagos Islands (Archipielago de Colon in Spanish) are a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean which now belongs to Ecuador. The islands are famous for having many native animals, including giant tortoises, that are found nowhere else on Earth. These animals helped Charles Darwin towards his theory of evolution by natural selection after he visited the islands in 1835.
97% of the islands are a national park, all except the inhabited parts. The Galapagos National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1978), a marine reserve (1980), and a biosphere reserve (1986).
Place
The Galapagos Islands are on the equator, 973 km (604 miles) from Ecuador in South America. There are 19 islands with a total of 8,010 square km (3,093 sq. miles) of land. The islands were made from volcanoes, and volcanoes are still making the islands of Isabela and Fernandina today. The most recent volcanic eruption was Cerro Azul in May 2008 on Isabela Island.
People
2001, about 18,000 people lived in the Galapagos Islands. Most people have come from mainland Ecuador to live in the islands within recent years (about 3500 people lived on the islands in 1972). Most people are from the Mestizo ethnic group, which are the descendants of Spanish and Native American peoples.
People live on only 5 of the 19 islands of the Galapagos: Baltra, Floreana, Isabela, San Cristobal and Santa Cruz. Puerto Ayora is the biggest town, where about 10,000 people live. Puerto Ayora is on Santa Cruz Island. The second biggest town is Puerto Baquerizo Moreno on San Cristobal with about 5,600 people. Puerto Villamil is the town of Isabela Island, where about 2,000 people live. There are approximately 30,000 people living in the Galapagos as of 2012.
Tourism has steadily grown over the last two decades; in 2012 it is estimated that 200,000 tourists will visit the Galapagos Islands.
Galapagos Province
The islands are one of the 24 provinces of Ecuador. The capital of the province is Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, a town with 5,600 people.
There are three cantons in the province. Each canton has a seat, which is a town like a capital. All of the islands of the province are in one of the three cantons.
Related pages
List of World Heritage Sites in Ecuador
Noteworthy species
Noteworthy species include:
Iguanas
Galapagos land iguanas, Conolophus spp.
Marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, the only iguana that feeds in the sea
Chelonia
Galapagos tortoise (Galapagos giant tortoise), Geochelone elephantopus, known as galapago in Spanish, it gave the name to the islands
Galapagos green turtle, Chelonia mydas agassisi, a subspecies of the green turtle
Birds
Flightless cormorant, Phalacrocorax harrisi
Great frigatebird and magnificent frigatebird
Blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii, popular among visitors for their large blue feet which they show off in courtship
Galapagos penguin, Spheniscus mendiculus, the only living tropical penguin
Waved albatross, Phoebastria irrorata, the only living tropical albatross
Galapagos hawk, Buteo galapagoensis, the islands' main scavenger and "environmental police"
Four endemic species of Galapagos mockingbirds, Nesomimus, the first species Darwin noticed to vary from island to island
Thirteen endemic species of tanagers, popularly called Darwin's finches. Among them is the Sharp-beaked ground finch Geospiza difficilis septentrionalis which is sometimes called the "vampire finch" for its blood-sucking habits, and the tool-using woodpecker finch, Camarhynchus pallidus
Mammals
Galapagos sea lions, Zalophus wollebaeki, closely related to the California sea lion, but smaller
Echinoderms
Sea cucumbers, the cause of environmental battles with fishermen over quotas of this expensive Asian delicacy
References
Other websites
World Heritage Sites in South America