pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chinese Taipei at the Olympics

Chinese Taipei has been in many Olympic Games. The country first competed with the Chinese National Olympic Committee. From 1960 to now the country now takes part as the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee
Medalists
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
References
Other websites
Taipei (Chinese Taipei) profile at London2012.com
Nations at the Olympics
National sports teams of Taiwan
Tadao Takayama

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Takayama was born in Tokyo Metropolis on June 24, 1904. He played for Kobe Icchu Club which was consisted of his alma mater high school players and graduates. At the club, he won the 1927 Emperor's Cup with Takeo Wakabayashi and so on.
In May 1930, when Takayama was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. On May 29, he also played and scored a goal against Republic of China. He played 2 games and scored 1 goals for Japan in 1930.
After retirement, Takayama worked at Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. He also served as a professor at Hamamatsu College of Technology and Mukogawa Women's University.
July 1, 1980, Takayama died in Tokyo Metropolis at the age of 76.
Statistics
|-
|1930||2||1
|-
!Total||2||1
|}
References
Other websites
1904 births
1980 deaths
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Hexameter

Hexameter is a metrical line of verse. It is usually made of six parts, called feet. It is the standard verse form used in Ancient Greek and Latin literature. The Iliad and Aeneid use it, and so do Ovid's Metamorphoses. English poetry rarely uses hexameter.
Dactylic hexameter
The meter consists of lines made from six ("hex") feet. In strict dactylic hexameter, each of these feet would be a dactyl, but classical meter allows for the substitution of a spondee (two long syllables) in place of a dactyl in most positions. Specifically, the first four feet can either be dactyls or spondees more or less freely. The fifth foot is frequently a dactyl (around 95% of the time in Homer).
Because of the strong pause at the end of the line, it is traditionally regarded as a spondee. Thus the dactylic line most normally looks as follows:
-- U | -- U | -- U | -- U | -- u u | -- X
(note that -- is a long syllable, u a short syllable and U either one long or two shorts and X anceps syllable)
As in all classical verse forms, the last syllable can actually be short or long.
Poetry
Wedding in Malinovka

Wedding in Malinovka () is a 1967 Soviet comedy movie directed by Andrey Tutyshkin. It stars Vladimir Samoilov, Lyudmila Alfimova, and Valentina Lysenko. The movie is based on an operetta by Boris Aleksandrov adapted by Leonid Yukhvid.
Actors
Vladimir Samoilov as Nazar Duma, Red squadron commander
Lyudmila Alfimova as Sofya (vocals -- Valentina Levko)
Valentina Lysenko as Yarinka
Yevgeni Lebedev as Nechipor
Zoya Fyodorova as Gorpina Dormidontovna
Heliy Sysoyev as Andreyka (vocal -- Mikhail Egorov)
Mikhail Pugovkin as Yashka the Gunner
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1967 musical movies
1967 comedy movies
Russian comedy movies
Movies directed by Andrey Tutyshkin
Movies set in Russia
Flagey-Rigney

Flagey-Rigney is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Don L. Lind

Don Leslie Lind (May 18, 1930 - August 30, 2022), (Cmdr, USNR, Ret.), was an American scientist, naval officer, aviator, and NASA astronaut. He was born in Midvale, Utah.
He helped to develop the Apollo 11 EVA activities, and served as CAPCOM for the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. Lind was then assigned as backup Pilot for Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 and nearly flew on the proposed Skylab Rescue mission.
Lind died on August 30, 2022 in Logan, Utah at the age of 92.
References
Other websites
Don Lind's speech to Utah School Children
Lind's Utah State biography
1930 births
2022 deaths
American astronauts
American aviators
Military people from Utah
Scientists from Utah
Saint George's Cross

The Saint George's Cross, also called the Cross of Saint George, is a red cross on a white background. In the middle ages, it became associated with Saint George.
It was first used during the crusades.
Nowadays, it is famous for being used as the flag of England but has been used in Northern Italy for many centuries and is the symbol of the cities of Bologna, Padua, Reggio Emilia, Mantua, Vercelli, Alessandria and Milan.
It is also a symbol of Catalonia, a region of Spain.
Use in other flags
Flags of the United Kingdom
Flags of North America
Travis Tritt

James Travis Tritt (born February 9, 1963 in Marietta, GA) is an American country music singer. He is best known for his bluesy, rock-and-roll country songs. In the 1990s he had three number one hits and a string of platinum albums.
Discography
Studio albums
Country Club (1990)
It's All About to Change (1991)
T-R-O-U-B-L-E (1992)
Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof (1994)
The Restless Kind (1996)
No More Looking over My Shoulder (1998)
Down the Road I Go (2000)
Strong Enough (2002)
My Honky Tonk History (2004)
The Storm (2007)
The Calm After... (2013)
Singles
"It's a Great Day to Be Alive" (2000)
References
1963 births
Living people
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S state)
People from Marietta, Georgia
Warner Bros. Records artists
Gambarana

Gambarana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about 60 km southwest of Milan and about 35 km southwest of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, 267 people lived there. It has an area of 11.78 km2.
Gambarana is next to these municipalities: Bassignana, Frascarolo, Isola Sant'Antonio, Mede, Pieve del Cairo, Suardi.
Demographic change
References
Other websites
Settlements in Lombardy
Linda's tree frog

{{Speciesbox
| image =
| status =
| status_ref =
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| taxon = Hyloscirtus lindae
| authority = (Duellman and Altig, 1978)
| range_map =
|synonyms=*Hyla lindae Duellman and Altig, 1978
Hyloscirtus lindae Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005
Boana lindae Wiens, Fetzner, Parkinson, and Reeder, 2005
Colomascirtus lindae Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016
| synonyms_ref=
}}
Linda's tree frog (Hyloscirtus lindae'') is a frog. It lives in Colombia and Ecuador between 2000 and 2500 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog is 61.12-64.50 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 64.8 mm long. The skin on the frog's back looks almost like metal. The skin of the belly and legs is black in color. This frog has disks on its toes for climbing. The disks are orange in color. The iris of the eye is blue-gray with black marks.
This frog moves at night. It lives in forests, but scientists have seen it in other places too.
Scientists named this frog after frog scientist Linda Trueb.
References
Frogs of South America
In This Room

In This Room is the third and final studio album by The 3rd and the Mortal. The album was released on March 21, 1997.
References
1997 albums
Hampshire County, West Virginia

Hampshire County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 23,093. The county seat is Romney.
References
West Virginia counties
Donovan Richards

Donovan Richards is an American politician. In December 2020, he became the Borough President of Queens. He was a New York City Council member representing the 31st District of the New York City Council. He is a Democrat.
References
Living people
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
21st-century American politicians
African American politicians
1983 births
Borough Presidents
Tiësto

Tijs Michiel Verwest, also called Tiesto, is a Dutch musician. He was born on January 17, 1969 in the Netherlands.
Discography
Albums
2001r. In My Memory
2004r. Just Be
2007r. Elements of Life
2009r. Kaleidoscope
2014r. A Town Called Paradise
1969 births
Living people
Dutch DJs
Musicians from North Brabant
People from Breda
DZDP-TV

DZDP-TV, channel 28, is a commercial television station of Philippine television network GTV.
It is owned by Citynet Network Marketing and Productions, a subsidiary of GMA Network Inc. This was formerly affiliated to Q and GMA News TV. Its transmitters are located at GMA Broadcast Complex, Barangay Concepcion Pequena Naga, Camarines Sur.
Digital television
DZDP-TV's feed is broadcast on DWAI-TV digital subchannel operates on UHF channel 38 (617.143 MHz) and broadcasts on the following subchannels:
Related pages
GTV
DWAI-TV
Barangay FM 101.5 Naga
List of GTV stations
Television stations
1992 establishments in Asia
Aline Chrétien

Aline Chretien (nee Chaine; May 14, 1936September 12, 2020) was a Canadian socialite. She was the wife of Canada's 20th prime minister, Jean Chretien. In her later life, she was a trained pianist with The Royal Conservatory of Music. He was born in Shawinigan, Quebec. Between 1993 to 2003, she was the Spouse of the Canadian Prime Minister.
Chretien died on September 12, 2020 in Shawinigan, Quebec from Alzheimer's disease-related problems, aged 84.
References
1936 births
2020 deaths
Canadian models
Spouses of Prime Ministers of Canada
People from Quebec
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Bissone

Bissone is a municipality of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Ticino
Ar-Raqqah

Ar-Raqqah ( / ALA-LC: ar-Raqqah), also spelled Rakka, is a city in north central Syria. It is the capital of the Ar-Raqqah Governorate.
References
Cities in Syria
3rd-century BC establishments
Establishments in Syria
Sevier County, Utah

Sevier County is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 21,522. The county seat is Richfield.
References
Utah counties
Saud bin Faisal

Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (), also known as Saud Al Faisal (; 2 January 1940 - 9 July 2015), was a Saudi diplomat and statesman. He served as Saudi Arabia's foreign minister from 1975 to 2015.
By the time of his retirement, he was the world's longest-serving foreign minister. He was a member of the Saudi royal family.
Saud died on 9 July 2015 from complications from Parkinson's disease after going through surgery in Los Angeles, California at the age of 75.
References
Other websites
1940 births
2015 deaths
Diplomats
Saudi Arabian politicians
Roadster

A roadster is a type of automobile. Like a convertible, a roadster has the soft top of a car with two doors. Roadsters were first made popular by Ford with the Model A.
Automobile body styles
2016–17 FC Augsburg season

The 2016-17 FC Augsburg season was the 110th season in the club's history and 6th consecutive and overall season in the Bundesliga. This was the 8th season in which Augsburg played at the WWK Arena, located in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany. The season covers a period from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.
Players
Squad
Transfers
In
Out
Friendly matches
Competitions
Overview
Bundesliga
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
DFB-Pokal
Statistics
Appearances and goals
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Goalkeepers
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Players transferred out during the season
Goalscorers
Last updated: 13 May 2017
Clean sheets
Last updated: 20 May 2017
Disciplinary record
Last updated: 20 May 2017
References
Other websites
FC Augsburg seasons
2016 in association football
2017 in association football
Even the Nights Are Better

"Even the Nights Are Better" is a 1982 song by Australian soft rock duo Air Supply. It is from their seventh studio album Now and Forever. It went to number 5 in the United States, number 7 in Canada, number 9 in Ireland, number 35 in Australia, number 37 in New Zealand and number 44 in the United Kingdom. It was covered by Anne Murray.
References
1982 songs
1980s ballads
Air Supply songs
Anne Murray songs
Soft rock songs
First Leicester

First Leicester is the trading name of Leicester Citybus Ltd., a bus company owned by the First Group. It runs buses in the city of Leicester England.
Depot
In 2007,a new depot opened on Abbey Lane replacing the former premises on Abbey Park Road which go back to the company's municipal heritage. This site is now derelict pending redevelopment as apartments.
Other websites
First Leicester website
First Leicester network map
Star Trak - Real-Time bus information
The Leicester Transport Heritage Trust
British bus companies
Popular Force

Popular Force (, FP) is a Peruvian political party with a national scope, founded on March 9, 2010 by Keiko Fujimori, daughter of former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori who ran for President of the Republic in Peru's 2011 general elections, obtaining second place, with Rafael Rey and Jaime Yoshiyama as vice presidential candidates. She tried again in the general elections of Peru in 2016, together with Jose Chlimper and Vladimiro Huaroc as vice presidents, obtaining second place again with 49.88% of valid votes.
Electoral history
Presidential elections
Elections to the Congress of the Republic
References
Political parties in South America
Conservative parties
Organizations based in Peru
Jim Hood

James Matthew Hood (born May 15, 1962) is an American lawyer. He was the 39th Attorney General of Mississippi. He is a Democrat. He was elected in 2003 and left office in 2020.
He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Mississippi in 2019. He lost the election to Tate Reeves.
References
1962 births
Living people
Lawyers from Mississippi
Politicians from Mississippi
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Bertie Auld

Robert Auld (23 March 1938 - 14 November 2021) was a Scottish football player and manager. He was a member of Celtic's Lisbon Lions.
He made more than 200 appearances in the Scottish League playing for Celtic, Dumbarton and Hibernian, and more than 100 in the Football League in England with Birmingham City. He also played for Scotland three times in 1959.
He was also well known as manager at Partick Thistle.
Auld died on 14 November 2021 from dementia-related problems in Glasgow, aged 83.
References
1938 births
2021 deaths
Scottish football managers
Footballers from Glasgow
Tracy Edwards

Tracy Edwards is a sailboat racer. In 1989 she organized an 12-woman crew to participate in the Whitbread Round the World Race. It was rare for women to sail in those days. The duration of this race was nine months.
A documentary called Maiden was made about the race.
References
1962 births
Living people
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Battle of Aqaba

The Battle of Aqaba was a major battle during World War I. It was fought on July 6, 1917 between the Ottoman Empire and Arab Revolt, who part of the Central Powers and Allied Powers in the same order. The city of Aqaba, Jordan was an important coastal city and port controlled by the Ottomans. Even though the city was heavily defended on the coast, there was little defense inland. This was because the Ottomans thought the Arabian Desert outside the city was impossible to cross. Led by Arab chief Auda Abu Tayi and British officer T. E. Laurence, the Arab Revolt marched across the Arabian Desert to Aqaba. This surprised the Ottomans and the Arab Revolt captured the city.
World War I
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold I (Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician; ; 9 June 1640 - 5 May 1705) was the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia.
1640 births
1705 deaths
Holy Roman Emperors
17th century in Germany
18th century in Germany
Gesneriaceae

Gesneriaceae is a one of 23 families in the order Lamiales of flowering plant, consisting of 147 genera and about 3,200 species of mostly tropical and subtropical herbaceous or slightly woody plants. Many are of economic importance as horticultural ornamentals. Among these are the African violets and gloxinias.
Lamiales
Plant families
Robert Brom

Robert Henry Brom (September 18, 1938 - May 9, 2022) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was bishop of the Diocese of Duluth from 1983 to 1989. He later was bishop of the Diocese of San Diego in Southern California from 1990 to 2013. Brom was born in Arcadia, Wisconsin.
Brom died on May 9, 2022 in San Diego, California at the age of 83.
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
American Roman Catholic bishops
People from Duluth, Minnesota
People from San Diego, California
People from Wisconsin
Loiyumpa Silyel

The Loiyumpa Silyel (Modern Meitei: "Loiyumba Sinyen"), also termed as the Loyumpa Silyel (Modern Meitei: "Loyumba Sinyen") or the Loiyumpa Shilyel (Modern Meitei: "Loiyumba Shinyen") or the Loyumpa Shilyel (Modern Meitei: "Loyumba Shinyen") or the Loyamba Sinyen (), is an 11th-12th century written constitution, regulated in the Manipur kingdom during the regime of King Loiyumba (1074-1122 CE). A promulgation of the proto-constitution in 429 CE by King Naophangba was reduced to a final format in 1110 CE. Historically, it is the first written constitution, and one of the well recorded antique manuscripts of the kingdom. Its Constitutionalism was replaced by the Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947, that was functional until Manipur was merged into India on October 15, 1949.
It includes the accounts of the distribution of the duties to the subjects of the king. Its rules and regulations remains to be an authoritative work in the Meitei social system till the present day Manipur.
Religious duties
The following is the list of Meitei families who were given the duties of serving particular pantheons of gods and goddesses of the ancient Meitei religion.
Related pages
Cyrus the Great
Hammurabi
Magna Carta
References
Other websites
Loiyumpa Silyel at English Wiktionary
Meitei culture
History of Manipur
Constitutions
Juan de Fuca

Ioannis Phokas, better known by his Spanish name Juan de Fuca, was a Greek maritime pilot for the Spanish Empire.
Voyages to the north
According to de Fuca himself, he went on two voyages after being told to do so by the leader of New Spain, Luis de Velasco. Both voyages were meant to find the supposed Strait of Anian, which was believed to be a Northwest Passage. The first voyage saw 200 soldiers and three small ships under the overall command of a Spanish captain (with de Fuca as pilot and captain) told the crew to find the Strait of Anian and to fortify and protect it in case the English wanted to take it.
The first expedition failed. Allegedly due to the captain's wrongdoing, the soldiers rose up against him and returned home to California.
In 1592, on his second voyage, de Fuca was far more successful than his previous voyage. He returned to Acapulco and claimed to have found the strait, with a large island at its opening. However, despite the promises of Velasco, de Fuca never got any of the rewards that he was supposed to get for his service.
Legacy
When the English captain Charles William Barkley discovered the strait de Fuca had written about, he renamed it the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
His discoveries in the Western Hemisphere led to the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate being named after him.
Juan de Fuca Provincial Park on Vancouver Island's West Coast is named for the strait, as is the hiking trail of the same name.
References
Greek people
People from Veneto
1536 births
1602 deaths
Explorers
Rossinière

Rossiniere is a municipality in the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Rossiniere official website
Municipalities of Vaud
Ranveer Singh

Ranveer Singh Bhavnani, professionally known as Ranveer Singh, is an Indian actor who mainly is known for his work in Hindi movies. He made his acting debut with a leading role in romantic comedy film Band Baaja Baaraat (2010) and for which won Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. Although he was seen as a lead role in the many commercially successful movies, some of which highest-grossing releases came including Bajirao Mastani (2015), Padmaavat (2018), Simmba (2018), and Gully Boy (2019). In 2021 and 2022, he starred in these three films: Sooryavanshi (2021), 83 (2021), and Jayeshbhai Jordaar (2022) and Cirkus (2022).
Upcoming films
His next film is Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahani.
References
1985 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Minoru Ueda

Minoru Ueda (born 20 June 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Per Mertesacker

Per Mertesacker (born 29 September 1984 in Hanover, West Germany) is a German football player. Before that, he played for Hannover. He played for the German national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Hannover||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||13||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|2004/05||31||2||4||1||colspan="2"|-||35||3
|-
|2005/06||30||5||3||0||colspan="2"|-||33||5
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||25||2||0||0||10||2||35||4
|-
|2007/08||32||1||3||0||9||0||44||1
|-
|2008/09||23||2||3||1||13||1||39||4
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
154||12||14||2||32||3||200||17
154||12||14||2||32||3||200||17
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
|2005||14||1
|-
|2006||11||0
|-
|2007||10||0
|-
|2008||13||0
|-
|2009||7||0
|-
|2010||14||0
|-
|2011||6||0
|-
|2012||6||1
|-
|2013||10||2
|-
|2014||9||0
|-
!Total||104||4
|}
References
1984 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Hanover
New England Patriots

The New England Patriots is an American football team in the National Football League or the NFL. They are in the American Football Conference or the AFC. Their starting quarterback is Mac Jones. Cody Kessler plays the second string quarterback. The Patriots play in Gillette Stadium on Foxborough, midway between Boston, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island.
In the 2007 season, the Patriots have won all 16 games and became the first team with 16 wins and no losses. They would win 2 more playoff games and enter the Super Bowl at 18-0. However, they did not complete a historic 19-0 season, because they lost to the Giants. The Giants scored 17 points when David Tyree made a helmet catch and the Patriots scored 14 points.
The New England Patriots won the Super Bowl in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016, and 2018. They play in Foxboro, Massachusetts. They lost to the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLVI on February 5, 2012 in a rematch of Super Bowl XLII which their perfect season got spoiled. This time, the Giants scored 21 points and the Patriots scored 17 points.
The Patriots also won Super Bowl XLIX against the Seattle Seahawks when Russell Wilson threw an interception on the final play. The Patriots scored 28 points and the Seahawks scored 24 points.
The Patriots were originally called the "Boston Patriots", and played in Fenway Park. Their name comes from the city of Boston's importance in the American Revolution.
Players of note
Patriots All-Decade teams
2000s
On March 16, 2010, the Patriots Hall of Fame group selected an all-decade team for the 2000s:
Bold indicates those elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
2010s
On April 29, 2020, the Patriots Hall of Fame group selected an all-decade team for the 2010s:
Patriots Anniversary teams
The Patriots Hall of Fame group will select an anniversary team to celebrate the greatest members of the team at every position up to the year of the selection.
35th Anniversary team (1994)
In 1994, a group of local media selected a 35th anniversary team:
Bold indicates those elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
50th Anniversary team (2009)
In 2009, the Patriots Hall of Fame group selected a 50th anniversary team:
Bold indicates those elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Avalonia

Avalonia was a microcontinent in the Palaeozoic era. Parts of this old microcontinent lie under south-west Great Britain, southern Ireland, and the eastern coast of North America. Bits of it are in Europe, Canada, and parts of the East coast of the United States. Avalonia is named after the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland.
Avalonia started as a chain of volcanoes on the northern margin of Gondwana. It became a drifting microcontinent. The Iapetus Ocean in front of it slowly shrank.
Avalonia collided with other continents. It ended up in the middle of Pangaea. When Pangaea broke up, Avalonia's remains were divided by the rift which became the Atlantic Ocean.
That is how it came to be part in western Europe, and part in eastern North America.
Continents
Geology
Palaeozoic
Seed fern

The term seed ferns (Pteridospermatophyta) are several groups of extinct seed plants (spermatophytes).
The oldest fossil evidence of plants of this type is from Upper Devonian strata. They flourished during the Carboniferous and Permian periods.
Pteridosperms declined during the Mesozoic Era and had mostly disappeared by the end of the Cretaceous. Some fossil pteridosperm-like plants seem to have survived into Eocene times in Tasmania.
History of the term
The concept of the pteridosperms goes back to the late 19th century. Palaeobotanists saw that many Carboniferous fossils which looked like ferns had anatomical features like cycads.
British palaeobotanists made the discovery that some of these fronds were associated with seeds, and concluded that the fronds and seeds belonged to the same plants.
Initially it was still thought that they were intermediate between the ferns and cycads. In the English-speaking world they were referred to as "seed ferns" or "pteridosperms". Today, most palaeobotanists regard them as being only distantly related to ferns and that these names are misleading. The names have nevertheless stuck.
Later during the 20th century, the concept of pteridosperms was expanded to include various Mesozoic groups of seed plants with fern-like fronds. Some palaeobotanists also included seed plant groups with entire leaves such as Glossopteris and its relatives, which was clearly stretching the concept.
The seed ferns were by far the earliest seed plants, and must have included the ancestors of the later plants. They are spread across a number of clades, so many palaeobotanists today regard pteridosperms as little more than a paraphyletic 'grade-group'.
Does the concept of pteridosperms have any value today? Many palaeobotanists still use the term in an informal sense for the seed plants that are not angiosperms, coniferoids (conifers or cordaites), ginkgophytes or cycadophytes (cycads or bennettites).
This is useful for extinct seed plant groups, whose relationships are unknown. We can call them" pteridosperms" with no suggestion of their being a clade. Also, for curators or collectors, the term 'pteridosperm' is a useful shorthand for describing fern-like fronds probably produced by seed plants, which are often found in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic fossil floras.
References
Seed plants
Fossil plants
Extinct plants
Zoltan Istvan

Zoltan Istvan Gyurko, professionally known as Zoltan Istvan (born 1973), is an American transhumanist, journalist, entrepreneur and Libertarian futurist.
Formerly a reporter for the National Geographic Channel. He wrote for Vice's Motherboard, Wired, The Huffington Post, TechCrunch and Newsweek.
In late 2014, Istvan announced his plans to run for President of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. In 2017, Istvan announced his plans to run for Governor of California in the 2018 election as a member of the Libertarian Party.
In November 2017, Istvan announced his plans to run for President of the United States in the 2020 presidential election for the Libertarian Party. In January 2019, he announced that he withdrew from the Libertarian primary.
In November 2019, Istvan announced his candidacy for the Republican Party's nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election, hoping to win the GOP nomination against President Donald Trump.
References
Other websites
Zoltan Istvan's personal site
Transhumanist Party's website
2020 United States presidential candidates
2016 United States presidential candidates
1973 births
Living people
American novelists
American journalists
American philosophers
Educators from Los Angeles
American activists
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Politicians from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Libertarian Party (United States) politicians
G-Eazy

Gerald Earl Gillum (born May 24, 1989), better known by his stage name G-Eazy, is an American rapper and record producer from Oakland, California. His debut major album, These Things Happen, was released on June 23, 2014. His second album, When It's Dark Out was released on December 4, 2015. It included the single "Me, Myself & I" which was at the top of the US Billboard Hot 100.
1989 births
Living people
Rappers from California
American record producers
Musicians from Oakland, California
Pop rappers
Saw V

Saw V is a 2008 American horror movie directed by David Hackl and written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan. It stars Tobin Bell, Costas Mandylor, Scott Patterson, Betsy Russell, Mark Rolston, Julie Benz, Carlo Rota, and Meagan Good.
It is the fifth installment in the Saw franchise, and was released in North America on October 24, 2008.
References
2008 horror movies
Saw movies
Lionsgate movies
Viola Smith

Viola Smith (nee Schmitz; November 29, 1912 - October 21, 2020) was an American drummer. She was best known for her work in orchestras, swing bands, and popular music from the 1920s until 1975. She was one of the first professional female drummers. She was born in Mount Calvary, Wisconsin.
Smith died on October 21, 2020 in Costa Mesa, California at the age of 107. The cause of death was problems caused by Alzheimer's disease.
References
1912 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American centenarians
American jazz musicians
American drummers
Musicians from Wisconsin
Trait theory

In psychology, trait theory is a the study of human personality. Trait theorists are interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behaviour, thought, and emotion.
References
Psychology
Robert M. Young

Robert Milton Young, usually known as Robert M. Young (born November 22, 1924) is an American screenwriter, director, cinematographer and producer. In 1985, he was a member of the jury at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival.
Young has frequently cast Edward James Olmos in his movies, directing him in Alambrista! (1977), Saving Grace (1986), Triumph of the Spirit (1989), Talent for the Game (1991), Roosters (1993), Slave of Dreams (1995) and Caught (1996). He produced Olmos's directorial debut, American Me (1992).
References
Other websites
"Robert M. Young Filmography" , Fandango
A Tribute to Robert M. Young at Cinequest
Robert M. Young at the Cannes Festival
Emmy Award winners
1924 births
Living people
American cinematographers
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Stupid (Sarah McLachlan song)

"Stupid" is a song written by Sarah McLachlan and produced by Pierre Marchand for McLachlan's eighth album Afterglow (2003). It was released as the album's second single in Australia and the United States in mid-2004.
The music video features McLachlan in different time periods and was directed by Sophie Muller.
The song became McLachlan's highest-charting single release in Australia, debuting at number thirty-seven in early June 2004. It spent seven weeks on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, two of which were in the top fifty.
A remix of the song, titled "The Mark Bell Mix" was featured on So You Think You Can Dance.
Track listing
CD single
"Stupid" -- 3:26
"Stupid" (Hyper remix) -- 3:26
"World on Fire" (Junkie XL club mix) -- 12:21
Enhanced with "Stupid" music video
Charts
Release history
Notes
2004 songs
Sarah McLachlan songs
Stuart McCall

Andrew Stuart Murray McCall (born 10 June 1964), usually known as Stuart McCall, is a former footballer who played in central midfield. He played a total of 763 league games during his career, the 13th highest of all British footballers. He is now a football manager, managing Scottish Premier League side Motherwell.
McCall started his professional career with Bradford City, where he made his senior debut in 1982. He played six seasons at Valley Parade, during which time he won the Division Three championship, a title which was overshadowed by a fire at Bradford's stadium when 56 people died and his father Andy was injured. After missing out on promotion in 1987-88, McCall moved to Everton, for whom he scored twice but finished on the losing side in the 1989 FA Cup Final. In 1991, he moved to Rangers, with whom he spent seven seasons and won six league titles, three Scottish Cups and two Scottish League Cups. McCall returned to Bradford City as captain to take them into the top division of English football for the first time in 77 years. After four seasons he moved to Sheffield United, where he retired as a player in 2005.
Despite being born in Leeds, England, McCall qualified to play for Scotland through his Scottish father. He won 40 caps for his country and scored one goal in the 1990 World Cup in Italy. He also played in two European Championships but his international career ended after he was left out of the 1998 World Cup squad.
McCall was part of the coaching staff during his second spell at Bradford City, briefly serving as caretaker-player manager in 2000. He continued his coaching at Sheffield United and was assistant manager to Neil Warnock until May 2007, when he returned to Bradford City for a third time, this time as manager. He spent two-and-a-half seasons in charge of Bradford City, leaving in February 2010. Just before the end of the year, he took over as Motherwell manager.
English footballers
English football managers
1964 births
Living people
Premier League players
Rimbach-près-Masevaux

Rimbach-pres-Masevaux is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
The villages of Basse Bers, Ermensbach, Grossenberg, Haute Bers, Horben, Johannesberg, Langmatt, Neuerbet, Riedelsbourg, Riesenwald and Ruchberg are in this commune.
Related pages
Communes of the Haut-Rhin department
References
INSEE commune file
Other websites
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Snow White and the Three Stooges

Snow White and the Three Stooges is a 1961 American fantasy movie directed by Walter Lang and Frank Tashlin. It stars Moe Howard, Larry Fine, Joe DeRita, Carol Heiss, Edson Stroll, Patricia Medina, Guy Rolfe, Buddy Baer, Edgar Barrier and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1961 fantasy movies
American fantasy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Walter Lang
Movies directed by Frank Tashlin
Ham, Somme

Ham is a commune in the Somme department and Hauts-de-France region in northern France.
Geography
The Ham commune is very close to the department border with Aisne.
Transport
Road
The D198, D930 and D937 roads pass through the commune of Ham. The D435 and D67 roads end just outside Ham in the Aisne department and the D932 and D186 roads end just outside Ham.
Rail
Ham has a train station on the outskirts of the commune.
References
Communes in Somme
Silver nitrate

Silver nitrate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AgNO3. It contains silver in its +1 oxidation state as an ion. It also has nitrate.
Properties
Silver nitrate is a colorless crystalline solid. It dissolves in water. Most silver compounds do not dissolve in water. It can get dark if light shines on it. It is an oxidizing agent. Most of the time the silver ion is reduced, but sometimes the nitrate ion is reduced. It reacts with copper to make silver crystals and copper(II) nitrate. It turns into silver, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen when it is heated. It is the least expensive silver compound. It reacts with bases to make dark brown silver(I) oxide.
Preparation
It is made by dissolving silver in nitric acid. This produces nitrogen dioxide, so it should be done where the person can get fresh air.
Uses
It was used to separate silver and gold. Gold does not dissolve in nitric acid. It is used to make other silver compounds. It reacts with chloride, bromide, and iodides to make white, cream, and yellow-colored solids. It is also used as an oxidizing agent. It can also be used to kill germs.
Safety
Silver nitrate is an oxidizing agent and should be kept away from chemicals that can burn. It can burn and stain skin. If too much is eaten, it can turn the skin blue.
Related pages
Silver bromide
Silver iodide
Silver chloride
Silver(II) fluoride
Silver compounds
Nitrogen compounds
Cushing, Oklahoma

Cushing (Pawnee: Tuhkiicahihtu` ) is a city in Payne County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 7,826 at the 2010 census, a decline of 6.5 percent from 8,371 at the 2000 census.
References
Cities in Oklahoma
Pattada

Pattada (Patada) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 3,084 people lived there. Its area is 164.88 km2. It is 794 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Samhain

Samhain is the Gaelic celebration at the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. It is pronounced SOW-in. This festival is also celebrated in Paganism and Wicca. It is now known as Halloween or All Hallows' Eve and celebrated on the 31st of October.
Legends
A common legend on Samhain is that it is easy to talk to the dead. One way to do this is by using a Ouija board, a wooden board with numbers and letters on it.
Festivals
Diving duck

The diving ducks, commonly called pochards or scaups, are a tribe of duck which feed by diving underwater. They are part of Anatidae, the very large family that includes ducks, geese, and swans.
Ducks
Bryggen

Bryggen (Norwegian for the Wharf), also known as Tyskebryggen (the German Wharf), is a series of Hanseatic commercial buildings found on the eastern side of the fjord coming into Bergen, Norway. Bryggen is on the UNESCO list for World Heritage sites. The name has the same origin as the Flemish city of Brugge.
World Heritage Sites in Europe
Buildings and structures in Norway
Firmin Abauzit

Firmin Abauzit (1679 - 1767) was a French scientist who is well known because he read and corrected Issac Newtons work on gravity.
King of England William III asked Abauzit if he would like to stay in England, but he declined and returned to Geneva, where he took a role as librarian. He lived in Geneva for the next 40 years until his death at age 87 in 1767.
1679 births
1767 deaths
British Rail Class 379

The Class 379 Electrostar is a type of electric multiple unit. It was ordered by National Express East Anglia to run their Stansted Express services. The Class 379 units feature 2+2 seating and wi-fi internet installed. The units were built at Bombardier's plant at Derby.
References
Other websites
Bombardier
378
Bombardier multiple units
Future British rail vehicles
1989–90 NHL season

The 1989-90 NHL season was the 73rd season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-one teams each played 80 games. The Stanley Cup winners were the Edmonton Oilers, who won the best of seven series 4-1 against the Boston Bruins.The championship was the Oilers' fifth Stanley Cup in the past four years.
This also marked the first time that all three New York City metro area teams made the playoffs in the same season.
Regular season
Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes
Prince of Wales Conference
Clarence Campbell Conference
Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes
Stanley Cup playoffs
Note: All dates in 1990
Division semi-finals
Wales Conference
Campbell Conference
Division finals
Conference finals
Finals
NHL awards
All-Star teams
First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1989-90 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark debut in playoffs):
Wes Walz, Boston Bruins
Alexander Mogilny, Buffalo Sabres
Rob Ray, Buffalo Sabres
Donald Audette*, Buffalo Sabres
Sergei Makarov, Calgary Flames
Rob Blake, Los Angeles Kings
Helmut Balderis, Minnesota North Stars
Andrew Cassels, Montreal Canadiens
Lyle Odelein, Montreal Canadiens
Vyacheslav Fetisov, New Jersey Devils
Alexei Kasatonov, New Jersey Devils
Murray Baron, Philadelphia Flyers
Curtis Joseph, St. Louis Blues
Tie Domi, Toronto Maple Leafs
Vladimir Krutov, Vancouver Canucks
Igor Larionov, Vancouver Canucks
Olaf Kolzig, Washington Capitals
Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1989-90 (listed with their last team):
Reed Larson, Buffalo Sabres
Al Secord, Chicago Blackhawks
Bob Murray, Chicago Blackhawks
Duane Sutter, Chicago Blackhawks
Bernie Federko, Detroit Red Wings
Borje Salming, Detroit Red Wings
Reijo Ruotsalainen, Edmonton Oilers
Barry Beck, Los Angeles Kings
Helmut Balderis, Minnesota North Stars
Curt Fraser, Minnesota North Stars
Mark Johnson, New Jersey Devils
Ron Greschner, New York Rangers
Vladimir Krutov, Vancouver Canucks
Paul Reinhart, Vancouver Canucks
Doug Wickenheiser, Washington Capitals
References
Hockey Database
NHL.com
National Hockey League seasons
Merry-Sec

Merry-Sec is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Danny Gruen

Daniel Patrick Gruen (born June 26, 1952 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. His career included 49 games in the National Hockey League and 181 games in the World Hockey Association, during which he played with the Colorado Rockies, Detroit Red Wings, Michigan Stags, Winnipeg Jets, Cleveland Crusaders, Calgary Cowboys, and Minnesota Fighting Saints.
References
1952 births
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Colorado Rockies (NHL) players
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
World Hockey Association players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945-2001) players
Central Professional Hockey League players
Juan Carlos Valerón

Juan Carlos Valeron (born 17 June 1975) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Deportivo La Coruna.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Las Palmas||Segunda Division B||27||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||29||1
|-
|1996/97||Segunda Division||27||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||28||2
|-
|1997/98||Mallorca||La Liga||36||3||11||1||colspan="2"|-||47||4
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Atletico Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||30||3|||5||0||5||0||40||3
|-
|1999/00||35||4||6||0||6||0||47||4
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="10"|Deportivo La Coruna||rowspan="10"|La Liga||31||4||2||0|||8||0||41||4
|-
|2001/02||36||3||4||0||13||3||53||6
|-
|2002/03||23||2||1||0||5||0||29||2
|-
|2003/04||34||3||1||0||14||3||49||6
|-
|2004/05||38||1||1||0||8||0||47||1
|-
|2005/06||20||4||3||1||colspan="2"|-||23||5
|-
|2006/07||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2007/08||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2008/09||22||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|2009/10|||||||||||||||||
366||29||41||3||59||6||466||38
366||29||41||3||59||6||466||38
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||6||0
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
|2001||4||0
|-
|2002||9||2
|-
|2003||10||1
|-
|2004||8||2
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
!Total||46||5
|}
References
1975 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Finch

Finches are passerine songbirds in the family Fringillidae. They are mostly seed-eaters. The scientific name Fringillidae comes from the Latin word fringilla for the Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), which is common in Europe.
Most species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, but one subfamily is endemic to the Neotropics, one to the Hawaiian Islands, and one genus is found only in the Palaearctic (Eurasia and north Africa).
Many birds in other families are also commonly called "finches" They include
* some species in the very similar-looking waxbills (family Passeridae, of the Old World tropics and Australia;
* several groups of the bunting and American sparrow family (Emberizidae);
* Darwin's 'finches' of the Galapagos Islands, which provided evidence of natural selection. They are now recognized to be peculiar tanagers (Thraupidae).
Some species are being imported or smuggled into other countries and sold as exotic pets.
Sub-families
Fringillinae: Fringilla
Carduelinae:
Grosbeaks
American rosefinches
Bullfinches
Arid-zone clade
Asian rosefinches
Goldfinch-canary-crossbill clade
Drepanidinae: Hawaiian honeycreepers
Euphoniinae: Euphonious finches
References
Kim Ok-suk

Kim Ok-suk (Hangul: gimogsug, Hanja: Jin Yu Shu ) (born 8 September 1935) is the widow of South Korean President Roh Tae-woo. She was the first lady when Roh Tae-woo was in office, from 1988 to 1993.
References
1935 births
Living people
First Ladies of South Korea
Union territory

A Union Territory is an administrative division of India. Unlike the states of India, union territories are ruled directly by the federal government. The President of India appoints an Administrator or Lieutenant-Governor for each territory.
References
Government of India
Valcour Island

Valcour Island lies in Lake Champlain, forming a strait against the New York mainland. On October 11, 1776, a naval engagement known as the Battle of Valcour Island was fought in that strait between British and United States naval forces.
Other websites
Valcour Island information
Battle of Valcour Island
Islands of New York (state)
Kiko Seike

is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Seike was born in Tokyo Metropolis on August 8, 1996. In 2014, she joined Nadeshiko League club Urawa Reds from their youth team. In 2015, she was selected Best Young Player Award.
In December 2019, Seike was selected by the Japan national team for the EAFF E-1 Championship. At this tournament, she debuted and scored a goal against Chinese Taipei on December 11.
Statistics
References
Other websites
Japan Football Association
1996 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
Urawa Red Diamonds Ladies players
2020 United States Senate election in Virginia

An election happened on November 3, 2020, to elect a Senator from the U.S. state of Virginia. The two candidates were Senator Mark Warner (Democratic Party) and Lieutenant colonel Daniel Gade (Republican Party). Mark Warner won the election and a third term in the Senate.
There was a primary election for the Republican Party. There were three people in the Republican primary and Daniel Gade won. There was no Democratic Party primary because no one ran against Mark Warner.
Democratic Party primary
Nobody in the Democratic Party went against Mark Warner in the primary, so no election happened.
Republican Party primary
Results
References
2020 United States Senate elections
Virginia elections
Cat Island, Bahamas

Cat Island is in the central Bahamas. It is one of the Districts of the Bahamas. Mount Alvernia is the country's highest point.
The first European settlers were Loyalists who fled the American Revolution. They arrived in 1783. The island may have been named after Arthur Catt, a pirate, or the name may be for the one-time large population of feral cats.
Historically, the island gained wealth from cotton plantations. Now slash and burn farming is the main way of life for Cat Islanders. An economic crop is cascarilla bark. It is gathered and shipped to Italy. There it becomes a main ingredient in medicines, scents and Campari.
New Bight Airport and Arthur's Town Airport serve the island.
Other websites
Islands of the Bahamas
Districts of the Bahamas
1999 establishments in the Bahamas
Elim, Alaska

Elim is a town in Alaska, United States.
References
Cities in Alaska
1970 establishments in Alaska