pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mount Pleasant, New York

Mount Pleasant is a town in Westchester County, New York. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 43,724.
The John D. Rockefeller Estate, located here, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 as a National Historic Landmark.
Mount Pleasant is located about 27 miles north of Manhattan. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 15.26%, is water.
References
Towns in New York (state)
Sodium vapor lamp

A sodium vapor lamp is a kind of gas discharge lamp. Streetlights are a major use. There are two types; the high pressure lamp and the low pressure lamp. The older low pressure one gives yellow light. It is still used where the ability to show different colors is not very important. The newer high pressure sodium vapor light emits a broader spectrum, often appearing orange but letting people see different colors.
These lights contain sodium metal in them. They operate by a spark through a tube that contains the sodium. The sodium emits a yellow color, which produces the light. Because the lamp contains highly flammable sodium as well as toxic mercury, it should not be placed in the trash and must be disposed of properly at the end of its life.
Related pages
Mercury-vapor lamp
Lamps
COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada

The COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada is part of the ongoing global viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was confirmed to have reached Grenada on March 22, 2020. Despite lockdowns and social distancing protocols, it appeared to have reached the level of community spread within one month.
On 22 March, the country's first case ("Patient Zero") was announced, a 50-year-old female patient who returned from the United Kingdom on March 16 and became sick on March 17, and was officially diagnosed on March 21.
On 25 March, the government pushed a policy of restricted movement and nightly curfew.
On 1 April, one new case announced--a 58-year-old male who arrived on a flight from New York City on March 19
On 6 April, government renewed curfew/lockdown for another two weeks (through April 20). Tests were now being done at St. George's University.
References
History of Grenada
Grenada
List of districts of Karnataka

The Indian State of Karnataka is divided into 30 districts and 4 administrative divisions. The state is geographically consisted of 4 principal regions: the coastal region of Karavali, the hilly Malenadu region comprising the Western Ghats, Are Malnadu region of Kolar, Bengaluru and Tumakuru and the Bayaluseeme region comprising the plains of the Deccan plateau.
Administrative divisions
Alphabetical listing of districts
References
Amritsar district

Amritsar district (Doabi:taalukaa aNmritsr) is one of 19 districts in the state of Punjab in West India. It has a population over 3,000,000 and covers an area of 5075 km2. The city of Amritsar is headquarters of this district.
History
During British Rule Amritsar was part of Lahore Division and was subdivided into 3 tehsils, there were - Amritsar taluka, Tarn Taran taluka and Ajnala taluka. However, as part of the partition of India in 1947 Amritsar district was separated from the rest of the division and given to India. During the partition period, the Muslim population of the district, some 46%, left for Pakistan while Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan settled in the district.
As the British said, regarding Sikh Jats of Manjha (Majha), Jat Sikh is strong, tall, and muscular, with well shaped limbs, erect carriage, and strongly marked and handsome features. They are good cultivators and make fine soldiers.
The Muhammadan Jats are poor cultivators. And to mention that Muhammadan Jats were mainly numerous in the Ajnala Riverside area only.
Jat population of Amritsar District year 1891 census
Jat Sikh 174,448 (72%) Tarn Taran Amritsar areas.
Jat Muslim 50,424 (21%) mainly Ajnala Riverside area.
Jat Hindu 15,863 (7%) along side Batala Amritsar borders.
Total Jat population 240,735
References
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105589/mode/1up
Districts of Punjab, India
Consultant

A consultant (from the Latin consultare meaning "to discuss" also the basis of words such as consul and counsel) is a professional who provides expert advice in a particular area of expertise. Various consultants offer advice in management, accountancy, the environment, entertainment, technology, law (tax law, in particular), human resources, marketing, emergency management, food production, medicine, finance, statistics, software, life management, economics, public affairs, communication, engineering, sound system design, graphic design, or waste management.
A consultant is usually an expert or a professional, in a specific field, who also has a wide knowledge of the subject matter. A consultant usually works for a consultancy firm or is self-employed, and engages with multiple and changing clients. Thus, clients have access to deeper levels of expertise than would be feasible for them to retain in-house, and may purchase only as much service from the outside consultant as desired.
'Consultant' is also the term used to denote the most senior medical position in the United Kingdom, Australia and Ireland (e.g., a consultant surgeon).
Ways in which consultants work
Some consultants are employed by a consult staffing company, a company that provides consultants to clients. This is particularly common in the technology sector. Consultants are often called contractors in the technology sector in reference to their employment contract.
Strategy consultants are common in upper management in many industries. There are also independent consultants who act as interim executives with decision-making power under corporate policies or statutes. They may sit on specially constituted boards or committees.
Consultants work at client places on behalf of a consultancy or Billing company.
References
Occupations
Dyer County, Tennessee

Dyer County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 36,801 people lived there. The county seat is Dyersburg.
References
Tennessee counties
Fairbank, Iowa

Fairbank is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Karl-Heinz Schnellinger

Karl-Heinz Schnellinger (born 31 March, 1939) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1963-64||Mantova||Serie A||33||2
|-
|1964-65||Roma||Serie A||29||1
|-
|1965-66||rowspan="9"|Milan||rowspan="9"|Serie A||25||0
|-
|1966-67||28||0
|-
|1967-68||27||0
|-
|1968-69||20||0
|-
|1969-70||26||0
|-
|1970-71||29||0
|-
|1971-72||26||0
|-
|1972-73||28||0
|-
|1973-74||13||0
|-
|1974-75||Tennis Borussia Berlin||Bundesliga||19||0
284||3
19||0
303||3
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1958||6||0
|-
|1959||2||0
|-
|1960||6||0
|-
|1961||4||0
|-
|1962||8||0
|-
|1963||1||0
|-
|1964||1||0
|-
|1965||1||0
|-
|1966||8||0
|-
|1967||0||0
|-
|1968||0||0
|-
|1969||1||0
|-
|1970||8||1
|-
|1971||1||0
|-
!Total||47||1
|}
References
1939 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Chairperson

A chairperson is a person who presides over meetings, such as a board of directors for a corporation, or any other meeting. The chairman of a corporation is not the chief executive officer, and only conducts the meetings in most companies.
Although "chairman" has been used for both men and women, some prefer to use the terms "chairperson", "madame chairman" or "chairwoman." The conduct of meetings is governed by the organization's by-laws or charter, or, more formally, Parliamentary procedure for government organizations or large meetings generally. Rarely the chairperson is called the "chair," though in educational institutions a "chair" indicates a specific endowed position on a faculty.
References
Business occupations
Prague (disambiguation)

Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic.
Prague can also be any of the following:
Praha, Slovakia, a village
Prague, Nebraska
Prague, Oklahoma
New Prague, Minnesota
Praha, Texas
2017 New Zealand general election

The 2017 New Zealand general election took place on Saturday 23 September 2017 to elect the membership of the 52nd New Zealand Parliament along with the Prime Minister of New Zealand. The last parliament was elected on 20 September 2014 and officially ended on 22 August 2017.
Jacinda Ardern became New Zealand's third female Prime Minister, and Winston Peters again became Deputy Prime Minister, a role he had first held in 1996-98. This ended nine years under the National Party Government. Ardern became Prime Minister after the Labour Party agreed to create a coalition with Peters's New Zealand First party, thus making him Deputy Prime Minister. Their shared votes were larger than that of English, thus defeating him.
About
Voters elected 120 members to the House of Representatives under New Zealand's mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting system, a system in which 71 members were elected from single-member electorates and 49 members were elected from closed party lists.
Around 3.57 million people were registered to vote in the election, with 2.63 million (79.8%) turning out. Advance voting proved popular, with 1.24 million votes cast before election day, more than the previous two elections combined.
Candidates
The centre-right National Party, led by Prime Minister Bill English, had governed since 2008 in a minority government. It was the first election for English as incumbent Prime Minister, having replaced John Key on 12 December 2016 and the first since 1975 where both major parties had leadership changes. The main opposition parties to the National government were Labour (the official opposition), led by Jacinda Ardern, the Green Party, and New Zealand First.
Opinion polling
Results
References
September 2017 events
2017 elections in New Zealand
General elections
Tylos

Bahrain was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos. It was the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. From the 6th to 3rd century BC Bahrain was in the Persian Empire. The Greek historian, Theophrastus, states that much of the islands were covered in cotton trees. Tylos was famous for selling walking canes that were carried in Babylon.
It is not known whether Bahrain was part of the Seleucid Empire. Alexander planned to settle the eastern shores of the Persian Gulf with Greek colonists. The upper classes spoke Greek. Tylos became a site of Greek athletic contests.
With the lessening of Greek power, Tylos was added into Characene or Mesenian. From the third century BC to the arrival of Islam in the seventh AD, Bahrain was controlled by two other Iranian dynasties of Parthians and Sassanids.
References
History of Bahrain
Noah Hawley

Noah Hawley (born ) is an American television writer and producer, screenwriter, and bestselling author. He created and wrote the FX television series Fargo (2014-present) and Legion (2017-2019).
References
1967 births
Living people
American television writers
American television producers
Screenwriters from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
American novelists
Manchester Monarchs

The Manchester Monarchs were an American professional ice hockey team that played between 2001 and 2015. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL. They play their home games in Manchester, New Hampshire at the Verizon Wireless Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Ontario Reign. They have won two regular season titles.
Other websites
Manchester Monarchs' Official Site
2001 establishments in the United States
21st-century establishments in New Hampshire
American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Manchester, New Hampshire
Allahpundit

Nick Catoggio better known as Allahpundit is a blogger and political commentator. He used to work as an editor at the website "Hot Air". He now works for The Dispatch.
Blog
In 2003, Nick Catoggio started a blog called "Allah is in the House" using the name Allah pundit. In 2004, Allahpundit and some other people proved that Dan Rather was wrong when Rather said that the documents he found proved George W. Bush had run away from the military in the 1970s. Allahpundit proved that the documents were actually forgeries. In 2006, Allahpundit started writing for Michelle Malkin's website "Hot Air". In 2010, Malkin sold Hot Air to the Salem Media Group. In 2022, Catoggio left Hot Air to work for The Dispatch.
Opinions
Allahpundit supports homosexual marriage and opposes giving American citizenship to illegal immigrants. In 2021, Allahpundit praised Bill Maher for criticizing Donald Trump for saying that the 2020 election was rigged.
American bloggers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
1970s births
American atheists
American political writers
Plats

Plats is a commune in the Ardeche departement in the southern part of France.
Communes in Ardeche
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom

Maumoon Abdul Gayoom ('al'usthaath ma'umoon 'abdhul qa'yoom; born December 29, 1937) is a Maldivian politician and an Islamic scholar. He was the President of Maldives from 1978 to 2008.
Gayoom was arrested on 5 February 2018, for allegedly conspiring to overthrow the government along his son-in-law Mohamed Nadheem.
References
1937 births
Presidents of the Maldives
Living people
Breckerfeld

Breckerfeld is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, (Germany). It is in the southeastern part of the Ruhr area in northern Sauerland.
References
Other websites
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai

Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai () is a 2000 Indian Hindi-language musical romantic thriller movie, directed and written by Rakesh Roshan. The music was composed by Rajesh Roshan. This film stars his son Hrithik Roshan and Ameesha Patel in both of their debuts.
Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai released on January 14, 2000 and it received positive reviews and became a blockbuster at the box office. It was also the most successful Bollywood movie of the year 2000. As a result, this movie made Hrithik become famous and an overnight superstar. His victorious debut was dubbed as "Hrithik Mania" and he has been known as the Millennial Superstar ever since this film got released.
Summary
This film is about a man named Rohit with a singing talent from a lower-class family who meets a girl named Sonia from a middle-class family and they start becoming friends. They even fall in love on an island after being separated from a cruise ship, but Sonia's father, who rescues both of them from the island, is not satisfied with their love due to their class differences. However, Rohit convinces Sonia's father that he will become successful and marry his daughter. However, just before Rohit meets his goal, he gets killed in a bike accident by drowning, causing Sonia to be depressed. She is later sent to New Zealand, where she meets a man named Raj, who is a twin of Rohit, and gets scared and constantly runs away whenever she sees him thinking that Rohit came back to life. She later comes to the realization that it is not the real Rohit. Raj, still in love with Sonia, pursues her to India and gets shot by a police officer that he doesn't know of and both Raj and Sonia realize that Rohit was murdered. Will they be able to find out who killed Rohit?
Cast
Hrithik Roshan as Rohit (Sonia's love interest who dies in accident) / Raj Chopra (Sonia's love interest and wife)
Ameesha Patel as Sonia Saxena (Rohit's love interest) / Sonia Raj Chopra (married name)
Anupam Kher as Mr. Saxena / Sirjee (Sonia's father)
Dalip Tahil as Shakti Malik
Mohnish Behl as Inspector Dilip Kadam
Ashish Vidyarthi as Inspector Satish Shinde
Satish Shah as Anthony Rodriques Uncle
Farida Jalal as Lily Anthony Rodriques Aunty
Rajesh Tandon as Atul Malik
Asha Patel as Mrs. Chopra
Tannaz Irani as Neeta Saxena
Vrajesh Hirjee as Tony
Abhishek Sharma actor as Amit
Johnny Lever as Inspector Parab
Ram Mohan as Police Commissioner
Payal Malhotra as Shobhna
Soundtrack
The film's music was composed by Rajesh Roshan with lyrics by Ibrahim Ashk, Saawan Kumar Tak and Vijay Akela. The film's soundtrack album became the second best-selling Bollywood soundtrack of the year, selling about 10 million units.
References
Other websites
2000 movies
2000s romance movies
2000 thriller movies
2000s Hindi-language movies
2000s Indian movies
2000s musical movies
Movies directed by Rakesh Roshan
Ty Hardin

Orton or Orison Whipple Hungerford Jr., known as Ty Hardin (January 1, 1930 - August 3, 2017) was a former American actor. He was born in New York City. Hardin was best known as the star of the 1958 to 1962 ABC/Warner Brothers western television series Bronco.
Hardin died in Dallas, Texas on August 3, 2017 at the age of 87.
References
Other websites
Ty Hardin official website
Ty Hardin at Brian's Drive-In Theater
Ty Hardin interview with Joe Krein
Riptide Australian TV series
1930 births
2017 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
Ruth Asawa

Ruth Asawa (January 27, 1926 - August 5, 2013) was an American sculptor.
Asawa was born in Norwalk, California and was the fourth child out of seven. She attended Rohwer High School in Desha County, Arkansas as she had to evacuate from California due to World War II. Rohwer was a Japanese-American concentration camp at the time. She went to the University of Wisconsin but could not get a degree because of where she was from. After that, she went to Black Mountain College. Ever since she was a young girl, she showed an interest in art. She even drew in the mud when she was a child. Ruth is famous for making sculptures out of metal wire. "Meandering lines and patterns, explorative variations of the same form or subject, and the most economical way to convey an image and characterize her work." She helped to found SCRAP, a recycling art program. This quote is saying that trying out different patterns and lines is the best way for her to make her work different from other people's work. Asawa also created the San Francisco School of Arts. Ruth believed that anybody who wanted to could do art and everyone had a part of them which was artistic. "Art is for everyone. It is not something that you should have to go to the museums in order to see and enjoy."said Asawa.
References
1926 births
2013 deaths
People from California
American sculptors
Paissy

Paissy is a commune found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Fakir Musafar

Roland Loomis (August 10, 1930 - August 1, 2018), known professionally as Fakir Musafar, was an American performance artist and early artist of the modern primitive movement. He worked with and taught body modification techniques such as body piercing, tightlacing, scarification, tattooing, and flesh hook suspension.
In May 2018, Musafar announced on his website that he was suffering from terminal lung cancer. He died from the disease on August 1, 2018 in Menlo Park, California, aged 87.
References
Other websites
National Geographic documentary Taboo
Biography
Body Modification E-zine interview
Excerpt of interview - Discusses modern primitives, from RE/Search
1930 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in California
People from Aberdeen, South Dakota
Artists from San Francisco
Degree of unsaturation

Degree of unsaturation (DOU) is a way to figure out how many rings or double bonds are in a molecule.
Calculation
Determine the number of hydrogens that should be present if it was completely single bonded. In other words use the formula 2n+2 (with n = the number of carbons present.
Subtract the total from above from the number of hydrogens actually present.
Take that number and divide it by two. This number is your DOU.
Each degree either equals one ring structure or pi bond. A double bond would have one DOU. A triple bond would have a DOU of two (triple bond is one sigma bond with two pi bonds).
Non-hydrocarbons
For the below, use the same rules as above, using the definitions below.
Silicon counts as a carbon
Boron, nitrogen and phosphorus each count as a "half a carbon"
Halogens (Group 7) count as a hydrogen
Oxygen, sulfur and selenium (Group 6) can be ignored
Organic chemistry
AKM

The AKM is a Soviet assault rifle that was designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov in the 1950s and adopted in 1959 by the Soviet army to replace the AK-47. The difference between the AK-47 and the AKM is that the AK-47 is short and the AKM is long and the other difference is that the AK-47 has a regular muzzle and the AKM has a sharp muzzle.
Users
References
Other websites
Assault rifles
Cherami Leigh

Chemari Leigh is an American voice actress. She is best known for voicing Lucy in Fairy Tail, Sailor Venus in Sailor Moon, Asuna in Sword Art Online, Honey and Coco in Bluey and Rachel BeautySleep in Through The Unbearable Woods.
Living people
American voice actors
Ravenden, Arkansas

Ravenden is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Yalu River

The Yalu River one of the two rivers that make up the China-North Korea border. It is also one of the two rivers that comes from Mount Paektu, the mountain on the China-North Korea border, and it empties into Korea Bay. The origin of the name is unknown. Linguists believe yalu either comes from Manchu meaning "between two places" or from Mandarin meaning "duck green".
Since the easiest way to leave North Korea is through the China-North Korea border, many North Korean defectors have crossed this river to escape North Korea. However, it has become more difficult to escape the country since the government has sent more guards, more electric fences, and more traps on its borders.
Rivers of China
Geography of North Korea
Tettau

Tettau is a municipality in Kronach, Bavaria in Germany.
References
Kronach (district)
Difference of two squares

In mathematics, the difference of two squares is a squared (multiplied by itself) number subtracted from another squared number. Every difference of squares may be factored according to the identity
in elementary algebra.
Proof
Starting from the left-hand side, use the distributive law to get
By the commutative law, the middle two terms cancel:
leaving
The result is one of the most commonly used identities in mathematics. Among other many uses, it gives simple proof of the AM-GM inequality in two variables.
The proof holds in any commutative ring.
However, if this identity holds in a ring R for all pairs of elements a and b. This means R is commutative. To see this, use the distributive law on the right-hand side of the equation and get
For this equation to be equal to , we must have
for all pairs a, and b. So that R is commutative.
Algebra
Catherine Ashton

Catherine Margaret Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland, (born 20 March 1956 at Upholland, Lancashire) is a British Labour politician. She was born in Upholland, Lancashire, England. In November 2009, she was appointed to be the first European Foreign Minister.
References
Other websites
Ashton's profile on the European Commission web site
1956 births
Living people
European Union politicians
Politicians from Lancashire
Fluid statics

Fluid statics (also called hydrostatics) is the science of fluids at rest, and is a sub-field within fluid mechanics. The term usually refers to the mathematical treatment of the subject. It embraces the study of the conditions under which fluids are at rest in stable equilibrium. The use of fluid to do work is called hydraulics, and the science of fluids in motion is fluid dynamics. Hydrostatic pressure is pressure that a fluid exerts when pushing against the sides of a vessel.
Related pages
Fluid dynamics
Fluid mechanics
Hydraulics
Fluid mechanics
Shkodran Mustafi

Shkodran Mustafi (born April 17, 1992 in Bad Hersfeld) is a German association football defender (football) of Albanian descent. He plays for Valencia in Spain and for the Germany national football team. He made two appearances in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which his team won.
1992 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Sportspeople from Hesse
List of counties in Indiana

The U.S. state of Indiana has 92 counties. Each county is the local level of government within its borders. County government in Indiana consists of two bodies, the county council and the commissioners.
List of counties
|}
References
Indiana
Bettingen

Bettingen (Swiss German: Bettige) is a municipality in the canton of Basel-Stadt in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website of Bettingen
Municipalities of Basel-Stadt
First constituency for French residents overseas

The first constituency for French residents overseas () is an overseas constituency of France. It represents northern part of North America, called Northern America (which includes the United States and Canada).
Election results
|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
References
Constituencies for French residents overseas
Max and Moritz

Max and Moritz (German: Max und Moritz) are two naughty little boys in a story by Wilhelm Busch. The stories were written in 1865 and are still extremely popular in Germany.
Wilhelm Busch was an artist as well as a writer. He wrote a lot of stories in rhyme and made drawings to go with them. Max and Moritz are stories like these. The two boys get up to lots of naughty pranks. There are seven stories (seven pranks). In the final prank they are caught and come to a sad end. In the 19th century writers had to show that bad behaviour would be punished in the end. The seven stories are stories with a moral.
The seven stories
In the first story the boys tie pieces of bread onto pieces of string and put it down where an old woman, Widow Bolte, keeps her hens. The hens each try to swallow a piece of bread, which sticks in their throats and they end up hanging in the tree and die.
In the second story Widow Bolte, who is still crying, decides she might as well roast the hens. The boys take fishing rods, climb onto the roof and pull the frying chickens up with their rods. Widow Bolte finds the chickens gone, thinks her little dog has eaten them, and gives the poor dog a beating.
In the third story they take a saw and make a hole in the tiny wooden bridge outside the tailor's house. They shout at the tailor, calling him names. He is furious and comes running out, the bridge breaks and he falls into the stream. Two flying geese save him. He has a terrible tummy ache but his wife puts a hot iron on his tummy and he feels better.
In the fourth story the boys put gunpowder in the pipe of the schoolmaster while he is in church. When he lights his pipe there is an explosion.
In the fifth story the boys collect beetles and put them under the mattress in their uncle's bed. In the middle of the night, when the uncle is asleep, the beetles creep up on him. He wakes up and fights with them until he has killed them all.
In the sixth story the boys try to steal some pretzels (German rolls) from the bakery, but they fall into the tub of dough. The baker comes in and finds them. He bakes them in the oven, but when they are taken out they eat their way through the dough and escape.
In the seventh story the boys cut a hole in the farmer's sacks. When the miller picks one of these sacks up he realizes the grain is spilling. He sees the boys, puts them in the sack and takes them to the mill, where the miller grinds them into corn and feeds them to his ducks.
Comics
Fictional characters
Conrad Roland

Conrad Roland (born Konrad Roland Lehmann; 1934 - 26 September 2020) was a German architect. He was an important person in the construction of spacenets (tensile structures), which primarily are to be found as rope climbing frames on playgrounds.
In 1978 he designed and constructed the biggest spacenet of the world until today, the Super Four Mast Spacenet, for the Federal Horticultural Show (BUGA).
He studied architecture in Chicago. Roland died on 26 September 2020, aged 86.
References
1937 births
2020 deaths
German architects
Hyponatremia

Hyponatremia (British English: hyponatraemia) is when a human body does not have enough salt (sodium) in its blood. It is mostly caused by the presence of too much water.
Hyponatremia is most often a complication of other medical illnesses in which excess water collects in the body faster than can be excreted (for example in congestive heart failure, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), or polydipsia). Some runners who drink a lot of water before running a marathon also suffer this illness. Drinking too much water can impair the ability of marathon runners.
References
Blood disorders
Taiko

means simply "drum" in Japanese. Outside Japan, the word is used to refer to any of the different kinds of Japanese drums (, wadaiko, "Japanese drum" in Japanese) and to the more or less new art of taiko drumming bands (sometimes better called, "kumi-daiko", ). The taiko drum originated in the country of Japan. This drum was created by Daihachi Oguchi in 1951. The taiko drum makes a very loud, deep sound.
In a traditional Japanese village the odaiko (big drum) defined the extent of the village land. In modern Japan, wadaiko has become more of a performance art, seen only during festivals or in concert. The most famous Wadaiko performance group are 'Kodo' (meaning heart-beat). They are not only the worlds most respected Japanese drumming group, they also maintain many traditional art forms. They group lives on the island 'Sado Higashima' and live together as a community in a traditional way. Many other cultures have adopted this style of drumming, from Germany and the United States to Australia.
References
Other websites
Taiko history
Taiko drums
Taiko
Japanese music
Drums
Ronald Paris

Ronald Paris (12 August 1933 - 17 September 2021) was a German painter and graphic artist. Between 1993 and 1999, Paris was a professor at the Burg Giebichenstein Arts Academy in Halle.
Paris died on 17 September 2021 at the age of 88.
References
1933 births
2021 deaths
German painters
Red ribbon

The red ribbon is used as a symbol of awareness and solidarity of people living with HIV/AIDS. Several organisations, such as the Red Ribbon Foundation, use the red ribbon as a symbol of the fight against AIDS.
References
Other websites
Red Ribbon Foundation
Symbols
HIV/AIDS
Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro

Francesco Maria de' Medici (12 November 1660 - 3 February 1711) was an Italian political leader, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro.
Early life
Medici was born in Florence. He was the second son of Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
In 1683 he was made governor of Siena.
Cardinal
In 1686, Pope Innocent XII made him a cardinal. In 1709, he was permitted to give up his role as cardinal on 14 July 1709 the same year.
Duke
In March 1694, he inherited to the Duchies of Rovere and Montefeltro.
In 1709, he married Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga.
Medici died at the Bagno a Ripoli in 1711.
Titles and styles
12 November 1660 - 6 March 1694: His Highness Prince Francesco Maria de' Medici.
6 March 1694 - 3 February 1711: His Highness The Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro.
2 September 1686 - 19 June 1709: His Eminence Cardinal Francesco Maria de' Medici.
References
Other websites
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Medici, Francesco Maria de'
Catholic-Hierarchy, (Layman) Francesco Maria de' Medici
1660 births
1711 deaths
Italian cardinals
House of Medici
People from Florence
Tuscan princes and princesses
Donald Keith Duncan

Donald Keith "D.K." Duncan, CD, (1940 - September 17, 2020) was a Jamaican dental surgeon and politician. He was a member of the People's National Party (PNP). He was Minister of National Mobilization & Human Resource Development between 1977 to 1980. Duncan was born in St. Ann, Jamaica. He was a member of the Parliament of Jamaica between 1976 to 1983 and again from 2007 to 2016.
Duncan died on September 17, 2020 from COVID-19, aged 80.
References
1940 births
2020 deaths
Jamaican politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica
Peach County, Georgia

Peach County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,981. Its county seat is Fort Valley.
References
1920s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1924 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
The Butler

Lee Daniels' The Butler is a 2013 American historical drama movie directed by Lee Daniels. It is based on Eugene Allen, who was a White House butler during eight American presidencies from 1952 to 1986. It was the last movie produced by Laura Ziskin.
Synopsis
The fictional Cecil Gaines is based on Eugene Allen who worked at the White House during eight presidential terms from 1952 to 1986. He started as a "pantry man," was promoted to butler, and then Maitre d'hotel.
Cast
Forest Whitaker as Cecil Gaines. Aml Ameen portrays a young Cecil Gaines
Oprah Winfrey as Gloria Gaines
Cuba Gooding, Jr. as Carter Wilson
Terrence Howard as Howard
David Oyelowo as Louis Gaines
Vanessa Redgrave as Annabeth Westfall
Alex Pettyfer as Thomas Westfall
Mariah Carey as Hattie Pearl
Yaya DaCosta as Carol Hammie
Colman Domingo as Freddie Fallows
Clarence Williams III as Maynard
Historical figures
Robin Williams as President Dwight D. Eisenhower
Melissa Leo as First Lady Mamie Eisenhower (scenes deleted)
James Marsden as President John F. Kennedy
Minka Kelly as First Lady Jackie Kennedy
Liev Schreiber as President Lyndon B. Johnson
Wanda Leigh as First Lady Lady Bird Johnson (scenes deleted)
John Cusack as President Richard Nixon
Alan Rickman as President Ronald Reagan
Jane Fonda as First Lady Nancy Reagan
Nelsan Ellis as Martin Luther King, Jr.
Alex Manette as White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman
Lenny Kravitz as James Holloway
Marco St. John as Chief Justice Warren E. Burger
Jesse Williams as civil rights activist James Lawson
Ray Gaspard as Pat Buchanan
Orlando Eric Street as President Barack Obama (scenes deleted)
Awards
References
Other websites
2013 movies
American drama movies
2010s historical movies
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Movies set in Louisiana
Movies set in California
Movies about John F. Kennedy
Movies about Ronald Reagan
Dean Jones (cricketer)

Dean Mervyn Jones (24 March 1961 - 24 September 2020) was an Australian cricket commentator, coach and former cricketer. He played Tests and One Day Internationals for Australia. In 2019 Jones was added into the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame. He was born near Melbourne, Victoria. He played for Victoria, Derbyshire and the national team. He worked for The Sydney Morning Herald.
Jones died of cardiac arrest caused by a stroke at a Mumbai hospital on 24 September 2020 at the age of 59.
References
Sportspeople from Melbourne
1961 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Australian cricketers
Australian sports commentators
Sheikh Anwarul Haq

Chief Justice Sheikh Anwarul Haq ( ; 11 May 1917 - 3 March 1995), was a Pakistani jurist and an academic. He was the 9th Chief Justice of Pakistan from 23 September 1977 until resigning on 25 March 1981. Between 1973 to 1978, he was the Acting (and is sometime referred to as the 20th) President of Pakistan.
References
1917 births
1995 deaths
Chief Justices of Pakistan
Presidents of Pakistan
Politicians from Lahore
Masaki Yokotani

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Yokotani was born in Kyoto Prefecture on May 10, 1952. After graduating from Hosei University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Hitachi in 1975. The club won 1975 Emperor's Cup and 1976 JSL Cup. He moved to Division 2 club All Nippon Airways in 1984. In 1984, the club was promoted to Division 1. He retired in 1986.
On July 23, 1974, when Yokotani was a Hosei University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Romania. He also played at 1976 Asian Cup qualification and 1978 World Cup qualification. He played 20 games for Japan until 1977.
Statistics
|-
|1975||rowspan="9"|Hitachi||rowspan="9"|JSL Division 1||18||1
|-
|1976||18||0
|-
|1977||18||0
|-
|1978||15||1
|-
|1979||17||0
|-
|1980||0||0
|-
|1981||14||0
|-
|1982||15||0
|-
|1983||9||0
|-
|1984||rowspan="2"|All Nippon Airways||JSL Division 2||||
|-
|1985/86||JSL Division 1||1||0
125+||2+
125+||2+
|}
|-
|1974||1||0
|-
|1975||10||0
|-
|1976||6||0
|-
|1977||3||0
|-
!Total||20||0
|}
References
Other websites
1952 births
Living people
Footballers from Kyoto Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Yokohama Flugels players
Rusudan Gotsiridze

Rusudan Gotsiridze ( born 8 February 1975) is a bishop of the Evangelical Baptist Church of Georgia. She is a political activist for women's rights. In 2014, Gotsiridze received the International Women of Courage Award.
Gotsiridze was the first female Baptist bishop in Georgia. She supports a policy of women's equality. Gotsiridze has spoken out against the use of physical force to harm women. She started a series of discussions between religious groups in order to prevent disagreements and to help minority religions. She was also one of the first members of the religious community in Georgia to publicly support the rights of the LGBT community. Gotsiridze spoke at the sixth United Nations Forum on Minority Issues about religious minorities in Georgia.
References
Other websites
Cup of Tea Theology: Bishop Rusudan Gotsiridze's talk at TEDxTbilisi
Bishop Gotsiridze's Twitter account
2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
1975 births
Living people
Feminists
Christian clergy from Georgia (country)
Baptist ministers
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Bishops
Peter J. Ratcliffe

Sir Peter John Ratcliffe, FRS, FMedSci (born 14 May 1954) is a British physician and scientist. He is trained as a nephrologist. He was a practicing clinician at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine and head of the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford from 2004 to 2016.
In 2016 he became Clinical Research Director at the Francis Crick Institute, retaining a position at Oxford as member of the Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research and Director of the Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford.
Ratcliffe was born in Morecambe, Lancashire.
Ratcliffe is best known for his work on cellular reactions to hypoxia, for which he shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William Kaelin Jr. and Gregg L. Semenza.
References
1954 births
Living people
People from Lancashire
English physicians
Clamecy, Nièvre

Clamecy is a commune. It is in the Nievre department in central France.
Communes in Nievre
Subprefectures in France
De-Stalinization

De-Stalinization is the way that the Soviet Union tried to undo Joseph Stalin's politics and the heroic image he created of himself using propaganda.
After Stalin died, a group led the Soviet Union for a while. Georgi Malenkov was the Premier of the Soviet Union; Lavrentiy Beria, head of the Ministry of the Interior; and Nikita Khrushchev was First Secretary of the Central Committee.
Because Stalin had so prominent a control over the Soviet Union, he was placed on a pedestal both at home and among communists abroad. In the years 1953-1955, a period of "silent de-Stalinization" took place, as the revision of Stalin's policies was done in secret, and often with no explanation.
Revisionism
In 1954, Nikita Khrushchev became the leader of the Soviet Union. He attempted to reform the Soviet government and change how socialism in the country should be ran. In order to do this, he had to change the way the public thought of Stalin, this is called revisionism. He removed Stalin's corpse out of the mausoleum in Red Square and he changed the name of Stalingrad (which was named after Stalin) to Volgograd. Some people disliked Khrushchev's reform and those who oppose revisionism are called anti-revisionist.
References
1950s in the Soviet Union
1960s
Politics of Russia
Kenneth W. Dam

Kenneth W. Dam (born August 10, 1932) served as Deputy Secretary of the Treasury (the second highest official in the United States Department of the Treasury) from 2001 to 2003. He worked in international economic development.
Dam is a senior fellow of the Brookings Institution and a professor emeritus and senior lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School.
Other websites
University of Chicago law school biography of Kenneth Dam
Brookings Institution announcement on Kenneth Dam's appointment as senior fellow
Speech by Kenneth Dam on economic growth in Latin America
1932 births
Living people
United States Deputy Secretaries of State
Politicians from Kansas
Pig

Pigs or domestic pigs are mammals in the genus Sus. Pigs are in the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates.
Related, but outside the genus, are the babirusa and the warthog. Pigs, like all suids, are native to the Old World. Baby pigs are called piglets or pups. Pigs are omnivores and are very social and intelligent animals. Its ancestor is the common Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa).
The pig has stout, barrel-shaped bodies, with short legs.
The flesh of domestic pigs is eaten as food and is called pork. The Jewish and Muslim religions, and some Christian denominations, believe eating pork is wrong. Pig farmers take care that the animals do not get diseases or parasites which might harm humans.
Domestic pigs come in different colours, shapes and sizes. They are usually pink, but little pigs kept as pets (pot-bellied pigs) are sometimes other colours. Pigs roll in mud to protect themselves from sunlight. Many people think that pigs are dirty and smell. In fact, they roll around in the mud to keep bugs and ticks away from their skin. This also helps to keep their skin moist and lower their body temperature on hot days. They are omnivores, which means that they eat both plants and animals.
Pigs are smart animals. They are even able to learn how to play video games.
Pigs are commonly used as working animals. They are used to hunt for truffles, pull carts and sniff out landmines. Pig races exist.
Care
Pigs need a warm, clean area under a roof to sleep, and they should not be crowded. They need to be checked for sickness regularly. Pigs need lots of water. Over half their body weight is made up of water. Pigs should be given all the feed they will eat, which is usually four to five pounds a day for adult pigs. Corn is a good food for pigs, but they should also have protein supplements as well.
Pigs can be found throughout the world living on farms and in the wild, and they are also popular pets. Pigs are kept and slaughtered for their flesh, pork.
References
Pigs
Domesticated animals
Samul nori

Samul nori is a Korean traditional musical performance, which is performed with four percussion instruments: Jing, Janggu, Buk (the drum in Korean), Kkwaenggwari. The performance includes dancing. Specifically, in Samul, sa means "four", and mul means "object" in Korean, and nori means "to play". Considering the meaning of Samul nori, this is one kind of playful and casual art performance done in public. In the past, Korean people usually play Samul nori when they work in agricultural area to relax after working.
Nowadays, some Korean people who play Korean traditional music try to boost Samul nori. Famous samul-nori performances are Kim duk soo Samul nori and Namsadang nori. Namsadang Nori was chosen as a UNESCO Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. In addition, some Koreans are trying to transform Samul nori to modern styles by mixing this with other modern performances. For example, there were TV shows where Samul nori performers were dancing with pop singers or DJs.
Furthermore, other than mixing Samul nori with modern performances, some Korean people try to create new performance inspired by Samul nori. For example, Nanta, a performance of sounds made by hitting everyday objects, is inspired by Samul nori. Also, there is Nori dan, social enterprise in Korea, which play recycled garbage as musical instruments by hitting them.
Korean music
State Pension (United Kingdom)

The State Pension is a United Kingdom Social Security benefit, also known as Retirement Pension. To get it people have to pay National Insurance Contributions.
Pensions were introduced for poor people over 70 in 1908. The Widows', Orphans' and Old Age Contributory Pensions Act in 1925 started the first state pension scheme, paid for by both the employee and employer. In 1940 the Old Age and Widows' Pension Act improved the benefits available to women.
The Basic State Pension was introduced in 1948.
In 1978 the State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme and the Guaranteed Minimum Pensions started.
In 1995 the law was changed so that the women's pension age would be made equal with men. After 2007 the age people could claim a pension was gradually raised because people were living longer. By 2027 the State Pension age will be 67. The new State Pension was introduced for people reaching State Pension Age from 6 April 2016.
In 2023/4 the full rate of New State Pension is PS203.85.
In February 2022 there were 12,496,000 people getting State Pension.
Since October 2020 the minimum State Pension Age has been 66 years.
References
Social security in the United Kingdom
Old age
Irregular bone

The irregular bones are bones that from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone.
Irregular bones serve some special purpose in the body:
(1) protection of nervous tissue (such as the vertebrae protect the spinal cord),
(2) affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone).
The irregular bones are: the vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid.
Reference
Bones
Manuel Quintas de Almeida

Manuel Quintas de Almeida (1957 - 26 December 2006) was a lieutenant in the military of Sao Tome and Principe. He led a coup against the democratically elected government of President Miguel Trovoada on 15 August 1995.
He died on 26 December 2006, aged 52.
References
Heads of state of Sao Tome and Principe
1957 births
2006 deaths
Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company

The Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company (BRC&W) was a railway locomotive and carriage builder, founded in Birmingham, England. For most of its existence, it was at nearby Smethwick, with the factory divided by the boundary between the two places. The company was established in 1854.
References
British rail vehicles manufacturers
Organisations based in Birmingham
Ragnar Granit

Ragnar Arthur Granit (30 October 1900 - 12 March 1991) was a Finnish-Swedish doctor and scientist. He won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the eye.
History
His father was a forester, Arthur Wilhelm Granit, and his mother was Albertina Helena Malmberg Granit. Ragnar Granit married Baroness Marguerite Emma Bruun ("Daisy") in 1929.
For his research into the internal electrical impulses that take place as the eye processes vision, Ragnar Granit was given the 1967 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology.
Granit received Swedish citizenship during World War II, and once said that his Nobel Prize "belongs fifty-fifty to Finland and Sweden".
Education
High School: Swedish Normallyceum, Helsinki (1919)
University: Abo Akademi University (1919)
University: BS Medicine, University of Helsinki (1924)
University: BS Philosophy, University of Helsinki (1924)
Medical School: MD, University of Helsinki (1927)
Scholar: Oxford University (1927-28)
Scholar: Physiology, University of Helsinki (1929, 1932-33)
Scholar: Medical Physics, University of Pennsylvania (1929-31)
Professor: Physiology, University of Helsinki (1935-40)
Professor: Physiology, Rockefeller University (1956-66)
Scholar: Royal Caroline Institute, Stockholm (1940-46)
Professor: Neurophysiology, Royal Caroline Institute, Stockholm (1946-67)
References
1900 births
1990 deaths
Finnish scientists
Swedish neuroscientists
Swedish physicians
Finnish Nobel Prize winners
Swedish Nobel Prize winners
Rockefeller University faculty
Finsbury Park Mosque

The Finsbury Park Mosque, also known as the North London Central Mosque, in Finsbury Park, London, is a mosque that was built in the 1990s to serve the large Muslim population in the area.
References
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Islington
Mosques