pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Norris Winslow

Norris M. Winslow (May 19, 1835 - May 10, 1900) was an American banker and politician. He built almost 100 buildings in Watertown, New York.
Early life and career
Norris Winslow was born on May 19, 1835 in Watertown, New York as the son of John Winslow and Betsey Collins Winslow. He attended public schools in Fields Settlement, New York. He also studied at Falley Seminary and Watertown High School. He graduated in 1854, and he became a clerk in a department store owned by Truman Keeler in Watertown, and he was paid $2 a week. After about two years, he bought the stores stock, and became a merchant.
In 1866, he opened the Merchants' Bank of Watertown. In April 1870, the bank was incorporated as a stock company, and he became chief executive officer of the company. In 1869, he bought a cotton factory in Factory Square in Watertown, and he started to heavily improve the square. The Carthage, Watertown and Sackets Harbor Railroad started to be built in 1872, and Winslow was one of the directors. In 1873, he built the Winslow Block, a building in the Public Square in Watertown. He built almost 100 buildings in the southeastern part of Watertown.
Winslow was also the chief executive officer of the Watertown Fire Insurance Company, and he was a shareholder of the Davis Sewing Machine Company. The Watertown Spring Wagon Company was started because of him. He was a member of the New York State Senate (18th D.) from 1870 to 1873, in the 93rd, 94th, 95th and 96th New York State Legislatures as a Republican. He was a special agent in the U.S. Treasury Department from 1882 to 1890, but he quit because he was ill.
Personal life and death
He married Julia Elizabeth Eddy on April 16, 1862. They had two children, Harry Eddy Winslow, who was born on June 17, 1863, and Jenny Louise Winslow, who was born on February 21, 1865.
Winslow died on May 10, 1900, and he was buried at Brookside Cemetery in Watertown, New York.
References
Sources
Related pages
Bradley Winslow, brother of Norris Winslow
Other websites
1834 births
1900 deaths
19th-century American politicians
American bankers
KRL Commuterline

KRL Commuter Line is an Public transport operated on Jakarta.
Route
Trainsets
Ex-Japan
Tokyo Metro
Operated
Tokyo Metro 6000 series
Tokyo Metro 7000 series
Tokyo Metro 05 series
Retired
Tokyo Metro 5000 series
JR-East
Operated
203 series
205 series
Retired
103 series
Future
E217 series
Toei
Retired
Toei 6000 series
Toyo Rapid
Retired
Toyo Rapid 1000 series
Local Build
Operated
KRL KfW i9000 (Jogja-Solo)
Retired
KRLI Prajayana
Trains
Trutnov

Trutnov is a city in the Hradec Kralove Region of the Czech Republic.
Trutnov
Hradec Kralove Region
Nucourt

Nucourt is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Swiftweasel

Swiftweasel is a free and fully open source build of Mozilla Firefox.
Other websites
Swiftweasel site
Swiftweasel on Softpedia
Swiftweasel on Freshmeat
Geektank Review
Web browsers
Mozilla
Ontario Highway 400

Ontario Highway 400, also called King's Highway 400, is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It runs mostly north and south and is 226 kilometers (140 miles) long. It goes between Toronto and Carling.
References
Roads in Ontario
Weather with You

"Weather with You" is a 1992 song by Crowded House. It is from their third studio album Woodface. It went to number 7 in the United Kingdom, number 8 in Switzerland, number 9 in New Zealand and Belgium, number 10 in the Netherlands, number 19 in Ireland and did not chart in the United States.
Track listings
UK 7-inch vinyl and cassette
"Weather with You" (single edit) - 4:17
"Into Temptation" - 4:35
Australian and UK CD
Live tracks recorded with Roger McGuinn at The Pantages Theater, Los Angeles, 7 April 1989, previously released on "I feel possessed" cd and 12" single.
"Weather with You" (single edit) - 4:17
"Mr. Tambourine Man" (Bob Dylan) (live) - 2:35
"Eight Miles High" (Gene Clark, Jim McGuinn and David Crosby) (live) - 4:50
"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star" (Jim McGuinn, Chris Hillman) (live) - 2:49
Australian and UK alternative CD Live tracks recorded at The Town & Country Club, London, 9-10 November-1991, exclusive to this release
"Weather with You" (radio edit) - 3:46
"Fall at Your Feet" (live) - 6:59
"When You Come" (live) - 6:22
"Walking on the Spot" (live) - 3:23
Belgian "Rock Torhout Werchter" CD
Limited edition. Live tracks recorded at Ancienne Belgique, Brussels, Belgium, 24 February 1992, exclusive to this release.
"Weather with You" (single edit) - 4:17
"Into Temptation" (live) - 4:43
"Don't Dream It's Over" (live) - 4:27
"Recurring Dream" (original Version) - 2:59
Dutch "Outlaw Remixes" CD
The "Outlaw Remixes", mixed at Platinum Studios, Melbourne. Produced and remixed by The Outlaw.
"Weather with You" (Remix full version)
"Weather with You" (Remix full version without Tim Finn)
"Weather with You" (Single mix. No breakdown)
"Weather with You" (Neil Finn's Edit)
Japanese CD
"Walking on the Spot" recorded at The Town & Country Club, London, 10 November 1991 (previously unreleased in Japan); "Don't Dream It's Over" recorded at The Roxy, Los Angeles, 26 February 1987; "Something So Strong" recorded at The Trocadero, Philadelphia, 24 March 1987; "Mr. Tambourine Man" recorded with Roger McGuinn at The Pantages Theater, Los Angeles, 7 April 1989 (however label indicates 7 July 1989 incorrectly).
"Weather with You" - 4:02
"Walking on the Spot" (live) - 4:13
"Don't Dream It's Over" (live) - 5:53
"Something So Strong" (live) - 4:02
"Mr. Tambourine Man" (live) - 2:35
US CD single
All live tracks recorded at The Town & Country Club, London, England, 9-10 November 1991."Walking on the Spot" was previously unreleased in the US.
"Weather with You" (Radio Edit) - 3:46
"Walking on the Spot" (live)
"Don't Dream It's Over" (live)
"Better Be Home Soon" (live)
"World Where You Live" (live)
References
1992 songs
1990s ballads
Crowded House songs
Jimmy Buffett songs
38628 Huya

38628 Huya, previously known by its provisional designation ) is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO). It was found in March 2000 by Ignacio Ferrin and announced on October 24, 2000. It was given the name Huya, after Juya, the Wayuu rain god, in August 2003 by the International Astronomical Union.
Size
At the time when it was found, Huya was the biggest and brightest TNO yet found. It was found using data collected by at the CIDA Observatory in Venezuela. Astronomers think it's about 530 km in diameter.
Surface
The object has a red-sloped reflectance spectrum, saying that the surface could be rich in organic material such as tholins.
Orbit
Given the long orbit that TNOs have around the sun, Huya comes to opposition in early May of each year at an apparent magnitude of 19.3.
References
Other websites
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris
37th DPS: Albedos, Diameters (and a Density) of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects
Planet 10? Tiny 'Plutino' Almost Qualifies
Discovery of a bright Trans-Neptunian Object (Yale)
From the Rain Forest to Planet Huya
Possible dwarf planets
Kuiper belt objects
Zenzizenzizenzic

Zenzizenzizenzic is the eighth power of a number. Robert Recorde in The Whetstone of Witte, published in 1557. Although his spelling had the last letter of the word as k.
This word is not used any more in math except as a curiosity. The Oxford English Dictionary has only one citation for it. It survives because it is unusual.
The root word, is the Italian censo, meaning squared.
Zenzizenzizenzic is from a time when there was no easy way of writing the powers of numbers except as squares and cubes. The fourth power was represented by the square of a square. Zenzizenzic is a condensed form of the Italian censo di censo, used by Leonardo of Pisa in his famous book Liber Abaci of 1202.
The eighth power is by extension zenzizenzizenzic. Similarly the sixth power would be zenzicube, the square of a cube.
Zenzizenzizenzic has more Z's than any other word in English.
References
.
.
.
.
.
Other websites
Entry at Weird Words
Mathematical notation
Matej

Matej is a given name that originates from the Slavic nations of Eastern Europe. It is one of the most common male names in both Slovakia and Slovenia. It is also common in Croatia and Ukraine and less common in the Czech Republic. The name is originally derived from the evangelist disciple St. Matthew. Foreign versions of the name include Matthew in English, Mathaus in German, Matei in Romania and Matteo in Italian. Matej, being a Biblical name (see Acts 1:23) can be easily cross-referenced with the corresponding name in other languages. The Slavic pronunciation of the name consists of Matej with a soft "j". Matej in Ukraine and Russia is Matviy, and in Poland it is Maciej. The Hebrew version of the name is Mattithyahu or Matisyahu which translate to "Gift of Yahweh" in Standard Hebrew and Tiberian Hebrew. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
People
Matej Marin, Slovenian cyclist
References
Given names
Odensbacken

Odensbacken is a locality in Orebro Municipality in Orebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,374 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Orebro County
Thomas Tallis

Thomas Tallis (born c.1505; died Greenwich November 23 1585) was the most important English composer of his generation.
We know very little about Tallis's youth. He may have started his career as organist at Dover and then Waltham Abbey. After the Dissolution of the monasteries he had a job at Canterbury Cathedral for a short time. He was soon made a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal. He had a job in the royal household until his death. He worked for four monarchs: Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary Tudor and Elizabeth I.
Tallis was an organist and composer. He had to write music for the royal chapels. He was given the lease of a big house in Kent and a salary of PS91 12s a year (12s is 60p in modern money). That was a very good salary in those days. In 1575, Queen Elizabeth I gave Tallis and William Byrd a licence which meant they were the only people allowed to print and publish music in England (music printing was a very new invention at the time). Tallis owned a house in Greenwich where he died in 1585.
In the early 16th century church music was often very polyphonic. Voices imitated one another and sang different things at the same time. Tallis wrote church music which was much simpler. In a lot of his music the choir sing homophonic music instead of using the older polyphony. For a short time, during the reign of the Catholic Mary Tudor, polyphonic music was in fashion again. This was the time when Tallis wrote an antiphon "Gaude gloriosa Dei mater" and a mass musical setting|mass "Puer natus est nobis". These two works are once more very complicated polyphonic works. After that his works become simpler once more, but he was always keen to try out new ideas from the continent of Europe. He wrote some very fine anthems. Many of his works are settings of Latin words, but he also made settings of English texts.
One of his works is called Spem in Alium. The choir divide into forty parts i.e. the choir need at least 40 people to sing it, and each person sings a different line. It is possible that he wrote it for Queen Elizabeth I's 40th birthday in 1573, but we cannot be sure.
His Diliges Dominum is a collection of contrapuntal exercises which includes a very famous canon often simply called "Tallis's canon".
English composers
Renaissance composers
English organists
1505 births
1585 deaths
Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal
Snickerdoodle

A snickerdoodle is a type of cookie made with flour, butter or oil, sugar, salt, and rolled in cinnamon sugar. Eggs are sometimes used, with cream of tartar and baking soda added to leaven the dough. They are characterized by a cracked surface, and can be crispy or soft.
Snickerdoodles are sometimes called "sugar cookies". But, sugar cookies are rolled in white sugar while snickerdoodles are rolled in a mixture of white sugar and cinnamon.
Cookies
Disposable product

A disposable (also called disposable product) is a product designed to be used only once, and then it would be recycled or is thrown away as solid waste. The word often implies cheapness and short-term convenience instead of something that will last for a long time. The term is also sometimes used for products that may last several months (e.g. disposable air filters) to distinguish from similar things that last forever (e.g. washable air filters).
Word meaning
"Disposable" is an adjective meaning "something not reuseable but is disposed of after use". Many people now use the word as a noun or substantive (i.e. "a disposable") but it is still an adjective. This is because the noun (product, nappy, etc.) is implied.
Other websites
How disposable chopsticks are made (video).
Pollution
23rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)

23rd Street is a local station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 23rd Street and Park Avenue South in Gramercy Park and Flatiron District, Manhattan. It is served by the 6 train.
After this station, the next stations will be 28th Street and 14th Street Union Square.
References
Notes
Accessible New York City Subway stations
Terry Buck

Terrence William "Terry" Buck was an Australian swimmer and coach. He represented Australia at the 1964 Summer Olympics in the 400m individual medley and placed eighth. He was the first Australian swimmer to participate at the Olympics as both an athlete and a coach. He was head coach in the 1984 Summer Olympics, and team manager in 1992 and 1996. Buck was also a surf lifesaver and a life member of the Clovelly Surf Club in New South Wales. He died in a tractor accident on his farm, leaving behind his wife, Laraine and three daughters.
In 2003, Greg Rogers filed a civil lawsuit against Buck. He claimed that Buck had sexually abused him from 1960 when Rogers was 11 and Buck was 16. He also said that his younger brother, Neil, was sexually abused from when he was eight. This was settled outside court. After Buck died, the Telegraph published an interview with an anonymous "Olympic and Commonwealth medalist" who said that he had been abused by Buck as a child. The person who was interviewed was not named, but many knew it was Rogers. Police had begun private investigations into the matter in 1998, but stopped the investigation in 2001, saying that it did not have enough proof. His wife said that the stories were all untrue. She said that she had "trusted" Rogers, who had been the godfather of their late daughter, Sarah, and that having "looked at it from every angle, I can say with certainty in my they are lies."
References
Accidental deaths in Australia
Sportspeople from Sydney
1943 births
2005 deaths
French kiss

French kisses are kisses in which tongues touch. These kisses are usually romantic. French kisses are usually reserved for those in love.
The Petit Robert 2014 French dictionary, released in 2013, added the French verb "se galocher" as slang for kissing with tongues. The informal English term "frenching" also means French kissing, as does the Quebec French term "frencher".
References
Human sexuality
Templeton, New Zealand

Templeton is a small town on the outskirts of Christchurch and borders the Selwyn District. It situated near Ruapuna Park and Paparua to north and has Christchurch men's and women's prisons. There is a primary school that caters for years 1 to 8 and is near Hornby High School to the northeast.
References
Towns in New Zealand
Christchurch
Selwyn District
If

If is a word to describe a statement where one thing depends on something else.
For example:
We can call this true if there is proof.
We will play outside if it does not rain.
If -- is a poem written by Rudyard Kipling. It appeared in the Brother Square Toes chapter of Kipling's book Rewards and Fairies. In a 1995 BBC opinion poll, it was voted Britain's favourite poem. It is arguably Kipling's most famous poem.
Basic English 850 words
Lim Su-kyung

Lim Su-kyung (Hangul: imsugyeong; Hanja: Lin Xiu Qing ; born 6 November, 1968) is a South Korean politician.
References
imsugyeong bangbug sageon
imsugyeongpyeongyangcugjeoncamgasageon
imsugyeong magmal nonran... baegyoseb "talbug daehagsaenge hataegyeong byeonjeoljaXX naesoneuro" pogeon
1968 births
South Korean politicians
Living people
Norman conquest of England

The Norman conquest of England was a military invasion of England by William the Conqueror in 1066.
William was Duke of Normandy, a country on the other side of the English Channel, now a region in France. He invaded England after the death of King Edward the Confessor because he believed he had the most right to be King of England, but King Harold II had himself crowned king instead. King Harold, with his Saxon army, and Duke William fought at the Battle of Hastings on October 14, 1066. King Harold was killed in the battle and his army left. On December 25, 1066 William was crowned the new King of England.
The Norman conquest was an important change in English history. The conquest linked England more closely with Continental Europe, and made Scandinavian influence less important. It created one of the most powerful monarchies in Europe. The conquest changed the English language and culture, and set the stage for rivalry with France, which would continue (with a few breaks) until the 19th century.
England has never been successfully invaded since the Norman invasion nearly 1000 years ago.
Related pages
Spanish Armada
Jacobitism
Operation Sea Lion
Other websites
Essential Norman Conquest , multimedia resources by Osprey Publishing.
The Effect of 1066 on the English Language
Collection of source material on the Norman conquest of England
Wars involving England
Normandy
1066 in England
11th-century conflicts
11th century in Europe
Magnum Force

Magnum Force is a 1973 American action movie directed by Ted Post. It stars Clint Eastwood, Hal Holbrook, and Mitchell Ryan. It is the first sequel to Dirty Harry. It was released to positive reviews on December 25, 1973.
Other websites
1973 crime movies
American action movies
American crime movies
American serial killer movies
Movies set in San Francisco
Sequel movies
1973 action movies
Movies directed by Ted Post
Wool

Wool is the hair of certain mammals. Most wool comes from sheep and goats, but wool is also taken from camels, llamas, and special rabbits. Wool is a natural material. People use wool fiber to make clothing, blankets, and other things to keep warm. It is usually used to make outer clothing but is also used to make blankets, socks, sweaters and fine clothing. Rabbit wool is called angora wool. Cashmere and mohair come from goats, qiviut from musk oxen, and other types of wool from camelids.
Wool has several qualities that distinguish it from hair or fur: it is crimped and elastic. Wool fabrics clean easily. Wool also absorbs moisture and insulates against heat and cold.
Wool can be spun or made into yarn. Wool is usually carded before it is spun. Carding is a way of making the wool straighter, using two brushes. The yarn is used to weave fabric or material. The yarn of wool can also be knitted or crocheted into fabric or clothing like jumpers. Alpaca, mohair, angora, camel, cashmere and vicuna are all separate types of wool.
Wool can also be made into felt after it is boiled in hot water and rubbed together. Felt is a kind of fabric that is not woven. Wool can also be needle felted. Felt can be used to make clothes to keep warm in cold weather.
Rag is a sturdy wool fiber made into yarn and used in many rugged applications such as gloves. Worsted is a strong, long-staple, combed wool yarn with a hard surface. Woolen is a soft, short-staple, carded wool yarn typically used for knitting
Production
Australia is the world's largest producer of raw wool, growing about 30 percent of the total world supply. Less wool is produced than in the middle 20th century, because people use more synthetic fibers.
Sheep were domesticated (tamed) in southwestern Asia about 11,000 years ago and now about 1 billion are now widely bred around the world.
Wool is produced by follicles which are small cells located in the skin. These follicles are located in the upper layer of the skin called the epidermis and push down into the second skin layer called the dermis as the wool fibers grow. Follicles can be classed as either primary or secondary follicles. Primary follicles produce three types of fiber, Kemp (wool), medullated fibers and true wool fibers. Secondary follicles only produce true wool fibers. Medullated fibers share nearly identical characteristics to hair and are long but lack crimp and elasticity. Kemp fibers are very coarse and shed out.
Fibers
Basic English 850 words
Cloth
Invisible Children

Invisible Children is an organization that aims to help child soldiers in Africa. It was founded in 2004. It specifically focuses on the activities of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and its leader, Joseph Kony. It wants to stop the LRA from kidnapping children and forcing them to serve as soldiers.
It was established after a movie was made about forcing children to fight in wars.
Human rights organizations
2004 establishments
Non-profit organizations of California
Gupta

Gupta are a Gotra or Sub-Caste of Yadavas found in indian state Bihar
References
Yadav
People from Bihar
Predictive Failure Analysis

Predicive failure analysis is a technology developed by IBM to monitor the likelihood of a hard disk failure. Today, it is part of S.M.A.R.T.
Computer science
Televisa

Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. () is a Mexican multimedia mass media company and the largest in Hispanic America and the Spanish-speaking world. and in the Spanish-speaking world. It is a major international entertainment business, with much of its programming airing in the United States on Univision, with which it has an exclusive contract.
Channels
Las Estrellas
Foro TV
El Canal 5*
Nueve (Mexican TV network)
Other channels
Tiin
Golden
Golden Edge
Golden Premier
Ritmoson Latino
Telehit
TLNovelas
Noticieros Televisa
Noticieros Televisa is the news division of Grupo Televisa, which produces national and local news for Televisa's TV channels and local stations across Mexico.
It is headed by Leopoldo Gomez, the Vice President of News for Televisa.
Other websites
Televisa.com
References
Mass media
Entertainment companies
Companies of Mexico
Tomb Raider (video game)

Tomb Raider is a video game made by Core Design and published by Eidos Interactive. It was came out in 1996 for the Sega Saturn, PC, PlayStation. Tomb Raider was also released in the US PlayStation Network in 2009, and will be released on the EU PlayStation Network, September 1. Tomb Raider is about the adventures of Lara Croft, an English female archaeologist in search of ancient treasures. The game was very popular.
References
1996 video games
Sega Saturn games
PlayStation games
Action video games
PlayStation Network games
San Francisco (disambiguation)

San Francisco is a combined city/county in the U.S. state of California.
San Francisco may also refer to:
Related to San Francisco, California
San Francisco Bay
San Francisco Bay Area, the metropolitan area
San Francisco Peninsula, the peninsula where the city is located
University of San Francisco, a Jesuit university located in the city
San Francisco Giants, the professional baseball team which plays in the city
San Francisco 49ers, the professional American football team which plays in Santa Clara, but retains the name San Francisco, having played in the city from 1946 to 2013
Place names
Chile
San Francisco de Mostazal, Chile
Dominican Republic
San Francisco de Macoris
Ecuador
San Francisco de Quito, formal name of the capital city
Related pages
Sao Francisco (disambiguation), the Portuguese equivalent of San Francisco
Taurus Mountains

For the Taurus Mountains on the moon, see Montes Taurus. For Mount Taurus outside Cold Spring, New York, see Bull Hill.
Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Daglari) are a mountain range in Turkey, from which the Euphrates (Turkish: Firat) and Tigris (Turkish: Dicle) descend into Syria and Iraq. The Manavgat River comes from its southern slopes.
The mountain range extends along a curve from Lake Egirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris in the east. It has many peaks rising above 10,000-12,000 ft (3,000-3,700 m), with the Demirkazik summit in the region known as Aladaglar, at 3,756 meters (12,322 ft.) as the highest point. Another important peak is Medetsiz (3,524 m/11,561 ft) in the Bolkar Daglari section.
This mountain range divides the Mediterranean region of southern Turkey from the central plateau.
Limestone has eroded to form karstic landscapes of waterfalls, underground rivers, and the largest caves of Asia.
At Kestel is a Bronze Age archaeological site where early evidence of tin mining was found.
References
Other websites
NASA satellite view of the Taurus Mountains
Information about Taurus Mountains in English
Livius.org: Taurus
Mountains of Turkey
Mountain ranges of Asia
Etchika Choureau

Etchika Choureau (19 November 1929 - 25 January 2022) was a French actress. She was known for her relationship with Hassan II of Morocco from 1958 until 1961. Her best known roles were in Children of Love, A Girl from Paris and Darby's Rangers.
Choureau died on 25 January 2022, at the age of 92.
References
1929 births
2022 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
Actors from Paris
Gordon Hunt

Gordon Edwynn Hunt (April 26, 1929 - December 17, 2016) was an American actor, voice actor, director of stage, movie, and voiceover and casting director.
He has directed such animated productions such as The Jetsons, Scooby-Doo, Super Friends, The Pirates of Dark Water, Droopy, Master Detective, Pound Puppies, The Richie Rich Show, The Smurfs and many more.
Other websites
Official Website
1929 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American voice actors
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Karl Duncker

Karl Duncker (Leipzig, 2 February 1903 23 February 1940) was a German psychologist.
Until 1935 he was a student and assistant of the founders of Gestalt psychology in Berlin: Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka.
In 1935, exiled by the Nazis, he got an assistantship at Cambridge University with Frederic Bartlett. Later he emigrated to the USA where he was again an assistant of Kohler's at Swarthmore College. He committed suicide in 1940 at 37 years of age. He had been suffering from depression for some time and had received professional treatment.
Achievements
Duncker coined the term functional fixedness in visual perception and problem solving. This describes the difficulties arising from a part of a problem which normally has a fixed function. In the problem, the fixed function must be changed to reach the perception or solution.
In his "candle problem" the situation was defined by the objects: a box of candles, a box of thumb-tacks and a book of matches. The task was to fix the candles on the wall without any additional elements. The difficulty of this problem arises from the functional fixedness of the candle box. It is a container in the problem but must be used as a shelf in the solution.
Other examples of this type of problem are:
an electromagnet must be used as part of a pendulum
a branch of a tree must be used as a tool
a brick must be used a paper weight
another meaning of a word must be found that is different from the meaning within the context of the sentence
References
Duncker, Karl 1945. On problem solving. APA Psychological Monographs 58
1903 births
1940 deaths
German psychologists
People who committed suicide
First Lady of the United States

The first lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is the title and role held by hostess of the White House and usually the wife of the president of the United States, during the president's term in office.
Jill Biden is the current first lady of the United States, in role since January 2021 as the wife of President Joe Biden.
Origins and role
The first lady is not elected by the people of the United States. There are no official jobs she is officially required to perform and she is not paid for being the first lady, but she is often involved in political campaigns, managements of the White House, participating in social causes and representing the president at official and ceremonial occasions and accompanying the president on foreign summits and events.
Office of the First Lady
The Office of the First Lady of the United States helps the first lady carry out her duties as the official hostess of the White House, and is also in charge of all social and ceremonial events of the White House.
The first lady has her own staff that includes a chief of staff, press secretary, White House Social Secretary, and Chief Floral Designer. The Office of the First Lady is located in the East Wing of the White House.
Causes and Initiatives
Since the 1920s, many first ladies have become public speakers, to promote public initiatives. A staff supports her agenda.
Eleanor Roosevelt; Women's rights, civil rights, and humanitarian efforts
Jacqueline Kennedy; White House restoration and the Arts
Lady Bird Johnson; Environmental protection and Beautification
Pat Nixon; Philanthropy
Betty Ford; Women's rights, Substance abuse
Rosalynn Carter; Mental health
Nancy Reagan; Just Say No, drug awareness
Barbara Bush; Childhood literacy
Hillary Clinton; Healthcare in the United States
Laura Bush; Childhood literacy
Michelle Obama; Let's Move!; reducing childhood obesity & Let Girls Learn; increasing education for girls
Melania Trump; Be Best; cyberbullying awareness
Jill Biden; Joining Forces; supporting military families and veterans
Fashion influence
Some first ladies have had an inspirational fashion style such as Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, Dolley Madison, Elizabeth Monroe, Mary Todd Lincoln, Grace Coolidge, Eleanor Roosevelt, Mamie Eisenhower, Jacqueline Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Pat Nixon, Betty Ford, Nancy Reagan, Barbara Bush, Hillary Clinton, Laura Bush, Michelle Obama, Melania Trump, and Jill Biden.
List of living former first ladies of the United States
As of 2023, there are five living former first ladies.
List of first ladies of the United States
References
Politics of the United States
Suzanne Cleary

Suzanne Cleary is an American poet. She was born in Binghamton, New York. She grew up there. She has an M.A. in Writing from Washington University, and a Ph.D. in Literature and Criticism from Indiana University of Pennsylvania. She is Professor of English at State University of New York at Rockland.
Quotation
"I love to read poems where I think the poet includes something that may not work or almost doesn't work. To me that's an exciting kind of risk."
Awards
Winner of the 2012 John Ciardi Prize for Poetry from the University of Missouri, Kansas City
Winner of the 2012 Emerging Writer Fellowship for Poetry from The Writer's Center, Bethesda, Maryland
a Pushcart Prize (2005)
the Cecil Hemley Memorial Award of the Poetry Society of America
Julia Peterkin Award of Converse College
Eugene Paul Nassar Poetry Prize
Patterson Award for Literary Excellence
Books
Keeping Time (2002)
Trick Pear (2007)
Beauty Mark (2013)
Crude Angel (2018)
Critical writing
Cleary, Suzanne. "Be Still and Know: Silence in the Poetry of Jean Valentine," in Laurel Review 40.2. (2006)
Cleary, Suzanne. "A Control Room inside of Me," Georgia Review September 25, 2014.
References
Other websites
Poet's page
American poets
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Binghamton, New York
State University of New York faculty
Jiaozuo

Jiaozuo () is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, China. In 2010, 3,540,101 people lived there.
Administration
Jiaozuo administers 4 districts, 2 county-level cities and 4 counties.
Jiefang District (Jie Fang Qu )
Shanyang District (Shan Yang Qu )
Zhongzhan District (Zhong Zhan Qu )
Macun District (Ma Cun Qu )
Qinyang City (Qin Yang Shi )
Mengzhou City (Meng Zhou Shi )
Xiuwu County (Xiu Wu Xian )
Wuzhi County (Wu Zhi Xian )
Wen County (Wen Xian )
Bo'ai County (Bo Ai Xian )
Other websites
Government website of Jiaozuo (in Simplified Chinese)
Jiaozuo Travel Bureau (in English)
Cities in China
Henan
Chancellor of Austria

The Federal Chancellor is the head of government and chief executive of Austria. His or her deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the office was the same as Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is the de facto highest office in the state government.
The Chancellor is chosen by the President of Austria. The current Chancellor is Karl Nehammer since 2021.
References
Government of Austria
Claremont Colleges

The Claremont Colleges are a group of private colleges and universities in Claremont, California, near Los Angeles. They include:
Pomona College
Claremont Graduate University
Scripps College
Claremont McKenna College
Harvey Mudd College
Pitzer College
Keck Graduate Institute
Put together, they have about 8500 students.
References
Colleges and universities in California
Los Angeles County, California
Blackpink

Blackpink (Korean: beulraegpingkeu; commonly stylized as BLACKPINK or BLLOKPIIK) is a South Korean girl group that debuted on 8 August 2016. The group consists of members Jisoo, Jennie, Rose, and Lisa.
They are the highest-charting female K-pop act on both Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200. They are also the first and only K-pop girl group to enter and top the Billboard's Emerging Artists chart. In addition, BLACKPINK are also the first female K-pop group to have four number-one singles on Billboard's World Digital Song Sales chart. Their 2018 song "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" was the most-viewed Korean music video in the first 24 hours on YouTube. In January 2019, it became the most viewed music video by a K-pop group on YouTube. They are currently the most subscribed music act, K-pop group and female artist on YouTube. (80 million subscribers on youtube) BLACKPINK was also the first female K-pop group to perform at Coachella.
In 2018, Jennie was the first member to debut with solo material, titled SOLO. Rose and Lisa released their solo single albums in 2021, titled -R- and LALISA.
Discography
Single Albums
Square One (2016)
Square Two (2017)
Studio Albums
Blackpink in Your Area (2018)
The Album (2020)
Born Pink (2022)
Live Albums
Blackpink Arena Tour 2018: "Special Final in Kyocera Dome Osaka" (2019)
Extended Plays
Blackpink (2017)
Square Up (2018)
Kill This Love (2019)
Most viewed songs
DDU-DU DDU-DU (2B views)
Kill This Love (1.7B views)
BOOMBAYAH (1.5B views)
AS IF IT IS YOUR LAST (1.3B views)
How You Like That (1.2B views)
Concerts and tours
Headlining Tours
Blackpink Arena Tour (2018)
In Your Area Tour (2018-2022)
Born Pink World Tour (2022-2023)
Headlining Concerts
Blackpink Japan Premium Debut Showcase (2017)
Livestream Concert: The Show (2021)
References
Other websites
2016 establishments in South Korea
South Korean girl groups
K-pop music groups
Musical quartets
They are the most followed girl group on spotify
Jacques Kyabula Katwe

Jacques Kyabula Katwe was born on 13 March 1976 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the likasi city. He is the governor of the Haut-Katanga Province since 10 April 2019.
References
1976 births
Living people
Democratic Republic of the Congo politicians
Cambridge Science Park

The Cambridge Science Park is a group of science and technology-related businesses started by Trinity College, Cambridge in 1970. It is the oldest science park in the United Kingdom. It has many science and technology related businesses, and has strong links with the nearby University of Cambridge.
Other websites
Cambridge Science Park
1970 establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Cambridgeshire
Guinecourt

Guinecourt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Egerkingen

Egerkingen is a municipality in the district Gau in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Little Secrets (2006 movie)

Little Secrets (Perl oder Pica) is a 2006 Luxembourgian Austrian drama movie directed by Pol Cruchten and starring Ben Hoscheit, Anouk Wagener, Thierry van Werveke, Andre Jung.
Other websites
2006 drama movies
2000s Luxembourgian movies
Austrian drama movies
Movies directed by Pol Cruchten
Lucas Neill

Lucas Neill (born 9 March 1978) is an Australian football player. He plays for Galatasaray and Australia national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="7"|Millwall||First Division||13||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||13||0
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="5"|Second Division||39||4||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||42||4
|-
|1997/98||6||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|1998/99||33||6||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||36||6
|-
|1999/00||33||1||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||36||1
|-
|2000/01||24||2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||24||2
|-
|2001/02||First Division||4||1||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="6"|Blackburn Rovers||rowspan="6"|Premier League||31||1||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||35||1
|-
|2002/03||34||0||3||0||4||0||4||0||45||0
|-
|2003/04||32||2||1||0||1||0||1||0||35||2
|-
|2004/05||36||1||7||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||44||1
|-
|2005/06||35||1||2||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||42||3
|-
|2006/07||20||0||0||0||1||0||5||1||26||1
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|West Ham United||rowspan="3"|Premier League||11||0||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2007/08||34||0||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||40||0
|-
|2008/09||34||1||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||37||1
|-
|2009/10||Everton||Premier League||12||0||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2009/10||Galatasaray||Super Lig||||||||||||||||||||
431||20||27||1||25||1||10||1||493||23
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
431||20||27||1||25||1||10||1||493||23
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||11||0
|-
|2006||9||0
|-
|2007||8||0
|-
|2008||7||0
|-
|2009||7||0
|-
!Total||52||0
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Sportspeople from Sydney
Gessopalena

Gessopalena is a comune in the Province of Chieti in the Italian region of Abruzzo.
Twin towns
Gessopalena is twinned with:
Porto San Giorgio, Italy
Cupramontana, Italy
Sambreville, Belgium
References
Settlements in Abruzzo
Lugaggia

Lugaggia was a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 20 April 2008, the former municipalities of Bidogno, Corticiasca and Lugaggia joined together and became the municipality of Capriasca.
References
Other websites
Former municipalities of Ticino
Otaku

Otaku is a Japanese slang word, deriving from the honorific "oZhai " (otaku), meaning "your house", that has come to mean someone who obsessively exerts time, money, and energy into a hobby. Otaku have a deep, complex knowledge around a particular subject or area of study, and is oftentimes (esp. in the West) used to refer to avid consumers of anime and manga. The term can also be compared with Hikikomori.
In Japan, otaku is generally regarded as an offensive word, due to the negative cultural perception of withdrawal from society. However, the otaku philosophy of living has gained traction among Japanese youth and adolescents, likely as a reaction to the established culture of intense work and academic studies. Under 30's have developed a neo-otaku identity with more positive associations of being a geek or nerd. In the West, the word usually describes an anime or manga "fanatic" and is not typically perceived as derogatory.
References
Slang
Anime and manga terms
Yuri Alekseevich Ryzhov

Yuri Alekseevich Ryzhov (; October 28, 1930 - July 29, 2017) was a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of fluid dynamics, political and social activist. He was born in Moscow. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Academician since 1987; Corresponding Member since 1981). He served as Russian Ambassador to France from 1992 through 1998.[1]
Ryzhov died on July 29, 2017 in Moscow at the age of 86.
References
Other websites
Biography on the website of the Russian Pugwash Committee at the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1930 births
2017 deaths
Scientists from Moscow
Ambassadors of Russia
Politicians from Moscow
Soviet politicians
Sabana Cruz, Elías Piña

Sabana Cruz (in English, "Savanna [of the] Cross") is a Dominican municipal district of Banica in the Elias Pina Province. It has a total area of 66.0 km2.
Sabana Cruz is on the southwest of the municipality of Banica, on the border with Haiti.
Population
In the last national census (2002), the population of Sabana Cruz was of 2,081 persons. The population density was 31.5 persons/km2.
Economy
The main economic activity of the municipality is agriculture.
References
Settlements in the Dominican Republic
Trub

Trub is a municipality of the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
The mountain Napf is in the municipality.
References
Other websites
Official website of Trub
Municipalities of Bern
Shimpei Sayama

Shimpei Sayama (born 4 May 1987) is a Japanese football player. He has played for Sagawa Express Chugoku.
Club career statistics
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||Tokushima Vortis||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||Sagawa Printing||Football League||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2010||Sagawa Express Chugoku||Regional Leagues||||||||||||
0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0
|}
References
1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
People from Hiroshima
Hendrik Lorentz

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 - 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist. In 1902, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He also derived the transformation equations that were later used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time.
Biography
Early life
Hendrik Lorentz was born in Arnhem, Gelderland (The Netherlands), the son of Gerrit Frederik Lorentz (1822-1893). In 1862, after his mother's death, his father married Luberta Hupkes.
Career
Lorentz and special relativity
In 1905, Einstein would use many of the concepts to write his paper entitled "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", known today as the theory of special relativity. Because Lorentz laid the fundamentals for the work by Einstein, this theory was originally called the Lorentz-Einstein theory.
Lorentz and general relativity
Lorentz was one of few scientists who supported Einstein's search for general relativity from the beginning - he wrote several research papers and discussed with Einstein personally and by letter. For instance, he attempted to combine Einstein's formalism with Hamilton's principle (1915).
Death
In January 1928, Lorentz became seriously ill, and died shortly after on February 4.
Related pages
Lorentz force
References
Other websites
in the Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Amsterdam
1853 births
1928 deaths
Dutch academics
Dutch Nobel Prize winners
People from Arnhem
Dutch theoretical physicists
Hornswoggle

Dylan Mark Postl (born May 29, 1986) is an American midget professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring name Hornswoggle. Postl is currently working for the WWE. He was the last WWE Cruiserweight Champion ever. Postl originally wrestled under the name of "The World's Sexiest Midget" Shortstack.
Career
Prior to working on SmackDown!, Postl was best known for his work with NWA Wisconsin where he won its X Division Championship.
World Wrestling Entertainment
Postl signed with World Wrestling Entertainment in May 2007. He is the fourth wrestler from NWA Wisconsin to sign with WWE. The others were Daivari, Ken Kennedy and CM Punk.
Postl first showed up as the leprechaun partner of the Irish wrestler Finlay on SmackDown! during the May 26 episode. After Finlay's victory over Paul Burchill, a little man (Postl) crawled out from under the ring and jumped on Burchill. Finlay pulled him off, only to slam him back down onto Burchill again. For the next few weeks the as-yet unnamed man continued to appear from under the ring after matches.
Eventually, SmackDown! commentator Michael Cole began calling him the Little Bastard. The name became popular and became his "official" name. Commentator JBL refused to call him "Little Bastard". JBL said, "he might have parents". He instead called him a leprechaun. This was confirmed in one edition of SmackDown! by Finlay.
Little Bastard soon became meaner. He started attacking during Finlay's matches even though it upset Finlay. Many times, Finlay either physically shoved Little Bastard back under the ring or was forced to tackle him before he could hit the person he was wrestling. At one point, Little Bastard attacked Finlay, biting Finlay when Finlay tried to stop him from attacking Gunner Scott.
Little Bastard was an important part of Finlay winning the United States Championship when he tossed him a shillelagh to knock out champion Lashley to win the match.
On February 23, his name was changed to Hornswoggle on WWE's website and all references to the name "Little Bastard" were removed. The name change became official on the March 2 episode of SmackDown!. Postl attacked JBL and Michael Cole. Afterwards, Finlay told Cole that Little Bastard's name is Hornswoggle. Despite this, Cole continues to occasionally refer to Hornswoggle as "Little Bastard".
On July 22, 2007 at The Great American Bash Hornswoggle won the WWE Cruiserweight Championship. The other people in the match and commentators did not know that he was a participant in the match until the pin and he was given the belt. This made him the first person with dwarfism to win a Championship in WWE history. Hornswoggle is both the lightest and the shortest wrestler to win the Cruiserweight Championship in WWE history. He is also the smallest wrestler to win any title in WWE.
Postl was drafted to ECW on June 25, 2008 as part of the 2008 WWE Supplemental Draft.
Championships and Accomplishments
World Wrestling Entertainment
WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1 time, last)
Notes and references
Other websites
WWE Profile
1986 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
People with dwarfism
Sigve Tjøtta

Sigve Tjotta (born 1 March 1930) is a Norwegian mathematician.
Early life
Tjotta was born in Klepp, Norway. He studied at the University of Oslo, Brown University and at the Max Planck Institute.
Career
He was appointed docent at the University of Bergen in 1960, and was promoted to professor in 1963. He replaced Oddvar Bjorgum, and had the job for the university's education in applied mathematics.
His fields of research include plasma, nonlinear acoustics, hydroacoustics and acoustic streaming. He was also the dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences from 1975 to 1977, and has held positions in NAVF, NTVF, and in the national committee of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. He has also been a visiting scholar at the University of Texas at Austin.
Personal life
Tjotta married Jacqueline Naze, a colleague, in 1964. They lived in Oslo. Naze died in March 2017.
References
1930 births
Living people
Norwegian academics
Norwegian scientists
Norwegian mathematicians
Arachnocampa

Arachnocampa is a family of flies. They are also called Fungus gnats. They occur in Australia and New Zealand. Their larvae are glowworms.
They were called Bolitphila (mushroom-lovers) until 1924. Then people found out that their larvae use silk threads to catch prey. Their current name means spider-grub.
Flies
Ansouis

Ansouis is a commune of 1,105 people (2006). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Communes in Vaucluse