pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Thirteenth Amendment was an amendment to the United States Constitution, meaning that it was a change to the basic and most important laws that govern the United States. It abolished slavery in the United States. It was passed in December 6, 1865, at the end of the Civil War with only a handful of Democrats supporting the Amendment in both Chambers of Congress. It was one of the Reconstruction Amendments. It repealed Article Four, Section 2, of the Constitution; the Fugitive Slave Clause.
Text
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
History
Prior to the Civil War, Constitution allowed slavery. However, many groups sought to end slavery in the United States. The groups became the Republican Party in 1856, and gained power in 1860 with the election of Abraham Lincoln.
In 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves only in certain parts of the United States, and did not actually make slavery illegal.
Near the end of the Civil War, Republicans, who controlled Congress, introduced an amendment to make slavery illegal (against the law) in every part of the United States. (In order for an amendment to happen, it first must be passed by both the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, and then passed by three-quarters of the states' legislatures.) The amendment was passed by three-quarters of the states, and became law in late 1865.
Photo gallery
Sources
13
1865 in the United States
Niğde

Nigde is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2013, 201,597 people lived there.
Cities in Turkey
Central Anatolia Region
Yoshiki Okamura

Yoshiki Okamura (born 21 March 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
Playing career
Okamura was born in Nagasaki Prefecture on March 21, 1977. He graduated from Kansai University. He joined J1 League club Gamba Osaka in 1999. On May 24, 2000, he started as a midfielder against Consadole Sapporo in J.League Cup. However he did not play much until 2001. In 2002, he moved to Sagawa Express Osaka, who were recently promoted to Japan Football League. He played many matches in 3 seasons. He retired at the end of the 2004 season.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0||1||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2001||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Sagawa Express Osaka||rowspan="3"|Football League||16||3||||||colspan="2"|-||16||3
|-
|2003||28||7||||||colspan="2"|-||28||7
|-
|2004||15||2||||||colspan="2"|-||15||2
59||12||1||0||1||0||61||12
59||12||1||0||1||0||61||12
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Cugand

Cugand is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Communes in Vendee
Dark Rainbow

Dark Rainbow is an Indian Bollywood Movie, Directed by Abhik Bhanu. Starring Sara Khan And Mayur Mehta, it was scheduled to be released mid-2014.
It's official launch was on 15 December 2011 with Ekta Kapoor in attendance.
Plot
Dark Rainbow is a musical love story.
The central character Ruhi (played by Sara Khan) is in love with a talented musician, Ranbir (played by Mayur Mehta). Rann has a band called Rainbow.
Cast
Sara Khan as Ruhi
Mayur Mehta as Ranbir
Aditya Vikram as Aditya
Kritika Sharma as Wendy
Vikas Pahwa as Joy
Bosky Seth as Bosky
Zainab K as Koyal
Vaibhav Singhvi as Rehman
Masaroor S as Manoj
Pramodh Morhu as Ruhi's Father.
other websites
2010s Indian movies
Cessac

Cessac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
References
Communes in Gironde
Jacinto City, Texas

Jacinto City is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States.
Cities in Harris County, Texas
Philip Sheridan

Philip Sheridan (March 6, 1831 - August 5, 1888) was a general in the Union army during the American Civil War. He was born in 1831 in New York and grew up in Ohio. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1853.
He started in the Western Theater in the Civil War. He commanded a brigade during the summer of 1862. By October 1862 he was in command of a division. In April 1864 he was transferred to the Army of the Potomac to command the cavalry corps.
After the war, Sheridan commanded the army during the American Indian Wars. He died in 1888 in Massachusetts.
Sheridan, Philip
Sheridan, Philip
Sheridan, Philip
Military people from Ohio
List of mountain peaks by prominence

see also: List of highest mountains
This is a list of the 125 most prominent mountain peaks. Topographic prominence of a peak is the independence of the summit from whatever is around it. It is "the elevation difference between the summit and the lowest contour line encircling it and no higher summit".
List
Related pages
List of highest mountains
List of Ultras of Canada
List of Ultras of Mexico
List of Ultras of the United States
Summit
Elevation
Topographic prominence
Ultra-prominent peak
References
Other websites
Map of the top 50 by Ken Jones
Lists and maps for all peaks in the world with or more of prominence. Compiled by Aaron Maizlish.
Mountain peaks by prominence
Mountains
Earwax

Earwax is a sticky yellow or grey substance like wax produced by the ears. The earwax sticks to dust that gets in the ears to keep them clean. It also protects the skin of ear and protects ear from insects, water, fungi and bacteria. Some people try to remove earwax, which may damage the eardrum. The movement of jaws helps to clean the earwax naturally.
Hearing problems
Pancho Segura

Pancho "Segoo" Segura (Francisco Olegario Segura; June 20, 1921 - November 18, 2017) was a leading Ecuadorian-American tennis player of the 1940s and 1950s. In 1950 and 1952, as a professional, he was the World Co-No. 1 player. He was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador, but moved to the United States in the late 1930s. He was the only player to have won the US Pro title on three different surfaces (which he did consecutively from 1950 to 1952).
In later years, Segura became a tennis coach and was known for coaching Jimmy Connors.
Segura died on November 18, 2017 at the age of 96 at his home in Carlsbad, California from complications of Parkinson's disease.
References
1921 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in California
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American tennis players
Sportspeople from California
Sportspeople from Guayaquil
Suzan DelBene

Suzan DelBene (born February 17, 1962) is an American politician.
Early life
DelBene worked at Microsoft before she was a politician.
Political career
DelBene has been a member of the United States House of Representatives since 2012.
She first tried to be elected as a Representative in 2010 but lost.
She won the 2012 Representative elections. She also won the race to finish Jay Inslee's term in the House. Jay Inslee decided to leave early. She is a member of the Democratic Party, and she represents part of Washington state.
Personal life
DelBene was born in Selma, Alabama. She went to college at Reed University. Later, she went to the University of Washington.
DelBene lives in Medina, Washington. Medina is part of the area that she represents in Congress.
References
United States representatives from Washington
1962 births
Living people
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Microsoft people
Politicians from Alabama
People from Selma, Alabama
Faction

Faction or factionalism can refer to:
Political faction, a group of people connected by a shared belief or opinion within a larger group
Faction (literature), a type of historical novel rooted in fact
Faction (Planescape), political factions in the game, Planescape
Guild Wars: Factions, a computer game developed by ArenaNet.
FACTION 28, a music channel on SIRIUS Satellite Radio
Faction (musical project), a British/Israeli electronic music project
The Faction, a Punk rock band
Mohammed Barkindo

Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (20 April 1959 - 5 July 2022) was a Nigerian politician. From 1 August 2016 until his death, he was the Secretary General of OPEC.
Barkindo died on 5 July 2022 in Abuja, Nigeria from a heart attack at the age of 63.
References
1959 births
2022 deaths
Secretaries General of OPEC
Nigerian politicians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Beaulieu-sur-Oudon

Beaulieu-sur-Oudon is a commune of 401 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
Taquería

Taqueria (sometimes misspelled as taquiria) is a Spanish word meaning taco shop. In some places, means a restaurant specializing in burritos, although tacos and other Mexican dishes are often served as well. The first taquerias were people in stalls on the streets, but now many taquerias have moved into buildings and become restaurants.
Spanish language
European restaurants
Tab key

The tab key (short for tabulator key or tabular key) is a key on a computer keyboard, found right above the caps lock key on the far left. It is used to take the cursor to the next tab stop.
In word processor applications, the tab key usually moves the cursor to the next tab stop. In most other graphical applications, the tab key shifts the focus to the next control or widget.
Related pages
Indent style
References
Other websites
Tabs versus Spaces: An Eternal Holy War by Jamie Zawinski
Why I prefer no tabs in source code by Adam Spiers
Why I love having tabs in source code
Elastic tabstops - the solution to the tabs-versus-spaces issue
Computer keyboard
Control characters
The Sun Also Rises (1957 movie)

The Sun Also Rises is a 1957 American drama movie directed by Henry King and based on the novel of the same name by Ernest Hemingway. It stars Tyrone Power, Ava Gardner, Mel Ferrer, Errol Flynn, Eddie Albert, Henry Daniell, Juliette Greco and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1957 drama movies
1950s American drama movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Henry King
Vercourt

Vercourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
İzmit

Kocaeli is a city in northwestern Turkey. The city is in the Marmara Region. In 2013, 1,676,202 people lived there. The city was badly damaged and many people died in the 1999 Izmit earthquake.
Cities in Turkey
Kocaeli Province
Wilton Manors, Florida

Wilton Manors is a city of Florida in the United States.
Cities in Florida
Ivana Martinčić

Ivana Martincic (born 28 July 1985) is a Croatian international football referee. She has been an international football since 2014. Martincic is referee in the Prva nogometna liga and also in the Hrvatska nogometna liga, the top division association football league in Croatia.
In September 2021 she became the first female referee of a Croatian football first division league match. Later the year she became the first Croatian female referee of a men's senior international match.
Martincic was a referee at the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 in England.
References
Croatian footballers
Sportswomen
Living people
1985 births
Football referees
Takeshi Hamada

Takeshi Hamada (born 21 December 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokushima Vortis.
Club career statistics
|-
|2001||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||0||0||5||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2002||J. League 2||14||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||13||0||3||1||1||0||17||1
|-
|2004||18||1||1||0||3||0||22||1
|-
|2005||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||12||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||14||1
|-
|2006||41||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||42||4
|-
|2007||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||36||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|-
|2008||19||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||21||0
|-
|2009||34||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||34||2
|-
|2010||Tokushima Vortis||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
188||8||17||1||4||0||209||9
188||8||17||1||4||0||209||9
|}
References
Tokushima Vortis
1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Union, Missouri

Union is the county seat of Franklin County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
County seats in Missouri
Xenocide

Xenocide (1991) is a science fiction book that is third in the Ender's Game series. It was written by Orson Scott Card and was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1992. It was followed by Children of the Mind.
Other websites
About the novel Xenocide from Card's website
1991 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
Lau Pa Sat

Lau Pa Sat (), also known as Telok Ayer Market (; ), is a historic building in Singapore. At first, it was located near the waterfront, where it was built as a fish market, in 1824. It was later rebuilt at a different location, again to serve as a market. It currently is a food court.
Buildings and structures in Singapore
Davey Boy Smith

David Smith (27 November 1962 - 18 May 2002) was an English professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under the ring names, (The) British Bulldog and Davey Boy Smith. He had a close relationship with the Hart family and was trained in The Hart Dugeon by Stu Hart. Smith died of a heart attack.
Championships
Smith held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
All Japan Pro Wrestling
January 2nd Korakuen Hall Heavyweight Battle Royal Winner in 1989
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Match of the Year in 1992 vs. Bret Hart at SummerSlam
PWI ranked him #15 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1993.
PWI ranked him #5 of the 100 best tag teams of the PWI Years in 2003 with The Dynamite Kid
PWI ranked him 53 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
Stampede Wrestling
NWA Stampede International Tag Team Championship (Calgary version) (two times) with Bruce Hart
Stampede British Commonwealth Mid-Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship (two times) with The Dynamite Kid
Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship (two times)
Stampede World Mid-Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame
World Wrestling Federation
WWF European Championship (two times)
WWF Hardcore Championship (two times)
WWF Intercontinental Championship (one time)
WWF World Tag Team Championship (two times) with The Dynamite Kid (one) and Owen Hart (one)
Battle Royal at the Royal Albert Hall Winner
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Best Wrestling Maneuver in 1984 Power clean dropkick
Feud of the Year in 1997 with Bret Hart, Owen Hart, Jim Neidhart, and Brian Pillman vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin
Tag Team of the Year in 1985 with The Dynamite Kid
References
1962 births
2002 deaths
English professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
WWE Hall of Fame
Sportspeople from Lancashire
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in British Columbia
Snowpiercer

Snowpiercer () is a 2013 science fiction action movie based on the French graphic novel Le Transperceneige by Jacques Lob, Benjamin Legrand and Jean-Marc Rochette. The movie was directed by Bong Joon-ho.
The movie stars Chris Evans, Song Kang-ho, Tilda Swinton, Jamie Bell, Octavia Spencer, Go Ah-sung, John Hurt, and Ed Harris.
Snowpiercer received positive reviews after being released on 29 July 2013.
References
2013 action movies
2013 science fiction movies
Movies based on books
American science fiction movies
American action movies
South Korean movies
Czech movies
Post-apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
Movies directed by Bong Joon-ho
Fatalism

Fatalism is an idea in philosophy. It can mean one of two things. First, it can be the idea that people do not have free will to make their own choices, that everything has already been decided in advance. This is called fate. There are a few reasons people think this. For example, some people think free will can't exist if God knows the future. and believing in determinism, that certain starting things cause other things later. For example, geographic determinism is the idea that the part of the world where a person lives determines certain things about his or her later life. The second idea is that people, when faced with something that they don't think they can stop, accept the event rather than try to stop it. The first idea is related to determinism and religion. The second idea is related to psychology.
References
Psychology
Philosophy
Leticia Lee

Leticia Lee See-yin (, 17 August 1964 - 16 December 2020) was a Hong Kong political activist. She was pro-China. Lee ran unsuccessfully in the 2016 Hong Kong legislative election. In 2018, Lee was accused of corruption. She had conservative views and her views of anti-LGBT rights made her controversial.
Lee died on 16 December 2020 at a Hong Kong hospital at the age of 56. She tested positive for COVID-19 in the simple test before she died but it's still not confirmed that she died from COVID-19.
References
1964 births
2020 deaths
Hong Kong activists
Chinese politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic
Silley-Amancey

Silley-Amancey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Christine King Farris

Christine King Farris (born Willie Christine King; September 11, 1927 - June 29, 2023) was the oldest child of Martin Luther King, Sr. and the sister of Martin Luther King, Jr..
She taught at Spelman College and was the author of several books and a public speaker on many topics. For many years, she was the Vice Chair and Treasurer of the King Center and has been active for several years in the International Reading Association, and many church and civic organizations, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
King Farris held a tenure professorship at Spelman College for 48 years before her retirement in 2014. She died on June 29, 2023.
References
Other websites
Young MLK The Tavis Smiley Show, January 15, 2003
Education Update Interview with Christine King Farris
Honoring Willie Christine King Farris' 80th Birthday
1927 births
2023 deaths
Educators from Atlanta
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Martin Luther King Jr.
Writers from Atlanta
Spelman College alumni
Ninad Rathva

Ninad Rathva (born 10 March 1999) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Baroda cricket team in the 2017-18 Ranji Trophy on 17 November 2017, where he scored a century in the first innings. He made his Twenty20 debut for Baroda in the 2017-18 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 21 January 2018. He made his List A debut for Baroda in the 2017-18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 14 February 2018.
References
Indian cricketers
1999 births
Living people
MindFreedom International

MindFreedom International is an international coalition of over one hundred groups and thousands of individual members from fourteen nations. Based in the USA, it was founded in 1990 to protest against forced medication, medical restraints, and involuntary electroconvulsive therapy in psychiatry. It protects the rights of people who have been labeled with psychiatric disorders. MindFreedom has been recognized by the United Nations Economic and Social Council as a human rights NGO. David Oaks is the founder and executive director of MindFreedom International.
References
Other websites and References
MindFreedom.org - MindFreedom International homepage
Utne.com - "Freeing Your Mind", Keith Goetzman, Utne (May/June, 2006)
PsychiatryOnline.org - 'Evolution of the Antipsychiatry Movement Into Mental Health Consumerism', Psychiatric Services, Rissmiller and Rissmiller, 57 (6): 863 (2006)
IndyStar.com - 'Eli Lilly to bolster Zyprexa warning', John Russell, Indianapolis Star (October 6, 2007)
RegisterGuard.com - 'Rights group up against Eli Lilly', Susan Palmer, The Register Guard, (January 15, 2007)
Oaks, David W. (2007). 'MindFreedom International: Activism for Human Rights as the Basis for a Nonviolent Revolution in the Mental Health System'. In Peter Stastny & Peter Lehmann (Eds.), Alternatives Beyond Psychiatry (pp. 328-336). Berlin / Eugene / Shrewsbury: Peter Lehmann Publishing. (UK), (USA).
Oaks, David W. (2007). 'MindFreedom International - Engagement fur Menschenrechte als Grundlage einer gewaltfreien Revolution im psychosozialen System'. In Peter Lehmann & Peter Stastny (Eds.), Statt Psychiatrie 2 (pp. 344-352). Berlin / Eugene / Shrewsbury: Antipsychiatrieverlag. .
1990 establishments in the United States
Psychiatry
Medical and health organizations in the United States
Human rights organizations in the United States
Eugene, Oregon
Embassy of Israel, London

The Embassy of Israel in London is the head of diplomacy of Israel in the United Kingdom. It is located in the South Kensington area on Kensington Palace Gardens near the road on Kensington High Street. The Grade II* listed building has both the Embassy of Israel and the Israeli Consulate, which is available using another door at 15a Old Court Place.
Location
The Embassy is at 2 Palace Green, the southern area of Kensington Palace Gardens, which is home to Kensington Palace itself as well as a number of other diplomatic missions and embassies, and is part of the Crown Estate. The security of the embassy is very strong, with many guards.
Building
The Embassy has a house first built in 1860-62 for the author William Makepeace Thackeray, made in red brick as he wanted. It was given Grade II* listed status in 1969.
References
foreign relations of the United Kingdom
Government of Israel
Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years

Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years (also referred to as just, Kamp Koral in its title) is the first spin-off series based on SpongeBob SquarePants. It was confirmed by Nickelodeon on June 4, 2019. It is executive produced by Marc Ceccarelli and Vincent Waller.
The spin-off uses designs and elements from The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run. It features SpongeBob and his pals spending the summer "building underwater campfires, catching wild jellyfish, and swimming in Lake Yuckymuck at the craziest camp in the kelp forest, Kamp Koral."
The series premiered on Paramount+ on March 4, 2021. It aired on Nickelodeon on April 2, 2021 (with The Barbarian and the Troll premiering right after).
It was announced that the show will have 13 additional episodes with the second season having 13 episodes.
Characters
SpongeBob SquarePants
Patrick Star
Squidward Tentacles
Mr. Krabs
Pearl Krabs
Sandy Cheeks
Mrs. Puff
Sheldon J. Plankton
Karen Plankton
Gary the Snail
Episodes
References
Nickelodeon television series
2020s American comedy television series
English-language television programs
SpongeBob SquarePants
2021 television series debuts
Sostegno

Sostegno is a comune in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont region in Italy. The economy is based on the production of apples and wine.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Settimo Torinese

Settimo Torinese is an Italian city in Piedmont. About 47,000 people live there.
Cities in Piedmont
Liège–Bastogne–Liège

Liege-Bastogne-Liege is one of the five 'Monuments' of the European professional road cycling calendar. It is often called La Doyenne which means "the oldest". It is run in the Ardennes region of Belgium. The race is from Liege to Bastogne and back to Liege.
Winners by nationality
Riders with more than one win
Still active are in italic.
References
1892 establishments in Europe
Sport in Belgium
Wallonia
Luxembourg (Belgium)
Liege (province)
Liege
1890s establishments in Belgium
Cycle races
Frequency distribution

In statistics, a frequency distribution is a list of the values that a variable takes in a sample. It is usually a list, ordered by quantity. It will show the number of times each value appears. For example, if 100 people rate a five-point Likert scale assessing their agreement with a statement on a scale on which 1 denotes strong agreement and 5 strong disagreement, the frequency distribution of their responses might look like:
This simple table has two drawbacks. When a variable can take continuous values instead of discrete values or when the number of possible values is too large, the table construction is difficult, if it is not impossible. A slightly different scheme based on the range of values is used in such cases. For example, if we consider the heights of the students in a class, the frequency table might look like below.
Applications
Managing and operating on frequency tabulated data is much simpler than operation on raw data. There are simple algorithms to calculate median, mean (statistics), standard deviation etc. from these tables.
Statistical hypothesis testing is based on the assessment of differences and similarities between frequency distributions. This assessment involves measures of central tendency or averages, such as the mean and median, and measures of variability or statistical dispersion, such as the standard deviation or variance.
A frequency distribution is said to be skewed when its mean and median are different. The kurtosis of a frequency distribution is the concentration of scores at the mean, or how peaked the distribution appears if depicted graphically--for example, in a histogram. If the distribution is more peaked than the normal distribution it is said to be leptokurtic; if less peaked it is said to be platykurtic.
Frequency distributions are also used in frequency analysis to crack codes and refer to the relative frequency of letters in different languages.
Statistics
Jarosław Biernat

Jaroslaw Biernat (6 September 1960 - 20 April 2019) was a Polish footballer. He played as a midfielder.
Biernat was born in Szczecin. He played professionally from 1982 to 1992. He played for Polish sides Pogon Szczecin and Legia Warsaw. He later played for German clubs Eintracht Frankfurt, SG Union Solingen, SpVgg Bayreuth and SG Duren 99. He died after a long illness in 2019, at the age of 58.
References
Other websites
1960 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from disease
Polish footballers
Fonters-du-Razès

Fonters-du-Razes is a commune of 79 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
References
Communes in Aude
Disinfectant

Disinfectant is a liquid used to destroy and kill unwanted germs and parasites. It is often used in the activity of cleaning, especially in bathrooms and kitchens, as they are the areas most likely to be contaminated with dangerous microorganisms. Disinfectants are dangerous liquids and should be used carefully because they can be deadly to humans and animals when in large amounts; it is also different to antiseptics for this reason - disinfectants can only be used on non-living things, while antiseptics are not strong enough to combat the germs disinfectant fights.
Types of Disinfectant
Disinfectant types are classified based on various types of applications.
Different disinfectants are used differently.
Four types of disinfectant:
Air Disinfectant - These types of disinfectants are applicable in hospitals.
Phenols - These are household types of disinfectants.
Alcohol - These are surface disinfection type.
Oxidizing Agents - These are water treatment types of disinfectants.
Healthy lifestyle
Hygiene
Mick Thomson

Mickael Gordon Thomson (born November 3, 1973), also known as Mick, is an American musician. He is best known as the lead guitarist for Slipknot, a heavy metal band. He joined the band in 1996. Thomson joined Slipknot after being in a death metal band named Body Pit. He met Donnie Steele, Paul Gray, and Anders Colsefni in Body Pit. All of them were later in Slipknot.
Thomson has worked with many different bands, such as Malevolent Creation, Necrophagia, and Lupara.
References
1973 births
American guitarists
American heavy metal musicians
Grammy Award winners
Living people
musicians from Iowa
Teacup

A teacup is a porcelain cup that is used to hold liquid for drinking. It is usually used for drinking tea. It is also used for drinking coffee or some other hot drink. A teacup has a handle on the side that stays cool when the rest of the cup is too hot to hold. It also has its own small plate to sit on, called a saucer.
These can be made from ceramic, clay, glass or even plastic. Usually, teacups are ceramic (made of porcelain) because it is safer. Teacups can also be made for decoration. If they are made for decoration, their owners might keep them on display and not actually use them.
Teacups are often decorated with patterns or pictures. Those painted by hand can be expensive. Some people collect decorated teacups as a hobby.
Related pages
Mug
Containers
Kitchenware
Tea
Nobuhisa Kobayashi

Nobuhisa Kobayashi (born 11 April 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagawa Printing.
Club career statistics
|-
|2006||rowspan="4"|Omiya Ardija||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2010||Sagawa Printing||Football League||||||||||||||||
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}
References
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Tochigi Prefecture
Moses of Chorene

Moses of Chorene () is known as the author of the most important mediaeval Armenian history. He is known as the first Armenian historian.
Armenian historians
490s deaths
5th-century births
Tamsui–Xinyi line

Tamsui-Xinyi Line is a line of the Taipei Metro in Taipei and New Taipei, Taiwan. This line is also called the Red Line. The line connects Xiangshan to Tamsui. You can transfer to the Wenhu Line at Daan, to the Bannan Line at Taipei Main Station, to the Songshan-Xindian Line at Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall or Zhongshan, or you can transfer to the Zhonghe-Xinlu Line at Dongmen or Minquan West Road. When Phase 1 of the Wanda-Zhonghe-Shulin Line (Light Green Line) is completed in 2025, passengers will be able to transfer to the Wanda-Zhonghe-Shulin Line at Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall metro station. When Phase 2 of the CIrcular Line has been completed, transfers to the Circular Line can be made at Shilin station.
The line currently consists of 28 stations with station codes from R02 to R28. Station R01 is still under construction, and R22A (Xinbeitou) is located on the branch line from R22 (Beitou.)
Stations
Guangci/Fengtian Temple R01 (opening 2022)
Xiangshan R02
Taipei 101/World Trade Center R03
Xinyi Anhe R04
Daan R05 (transfer to Wenhu line)
Daan Park R06
Dongmen R07 (transfer to Zhonghe-Xinlu line)
Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall R08 (transfer to Songshan-Xindian line and future transfer to Wanda-Zhonghe-Shulin line)
NTU Hospital R09
Taipei Main Station R10 (transfer to Bannan line)
Zhongshan R11 (transfer to Songshan-Xindian line)
Shuanglian R12
Minquan West Road R13 (transfer to Zhonghe-Xinlu line)
Yuanshan R14
Jiantan R15
Shilin R16 (future transfer to Circular line)
Zhishan R17
Mingde R18
Shipai R19
Qilian R20
Qiyan R21
Beitou R22 (transfer for Xinbeitou)
Fuxinggang R23
Zhongyi R24
Guandu R25
Zhuwei R26
Hongshulin R27
Tamsui R28
Xinbeitou branch line
Beitou R22 (transfer to Tamsui-Xinyi line)
Xinbeitou R22A (terminal station)
Taipei
Railway stations
Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi

Major General Johnson Thomas Umunnakwe Aguiyi-Ironsi MVO, MBE (3 March 1924 - 29 July 1966) was the first Military Head of State of Nigeria. He took control of Nigeria during the 15 January 1966 military coup.
He ruled Nigeria from 16 January 1966 until his assassination on 29 July 1966 by military officials.
References
1924 births
1966 deaths
Presidents of Nigeria
Former dictators
Assassinated people
Nigerian military people
Takuma Koga

Takuma Koga (born 30 April 1969) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Yamaha Motors||rowspan="2"|Football League||15||2||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||2
|-
|1993||14||0||0||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||19||1
|-
|1994||rowspan="6"|Jubilo Iwata||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||37||1||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||42||1
|-
|1995||40||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||41||1
|-
|1996||24||0||0||0||10||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|-
|1997||26||0||2||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||37||0
|-
|1998||30||2||3||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||38||2
|-
|1999||8||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="3"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||9||0||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|2001||27||0||5||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||1
|-
|2002||16||0||1||0||6||0||1||0||24||0
|-
|2003||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||16||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
262||6||15||1||47||1||1||0||325||8
262||6||15||1||47||1||1||0||325||8
|}
References
Cerezo Osaka
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Halifax Town Hall

Halifax Town Hall is a grade II listed, 19th century town hall in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. It is notable for its design and interiors by Charles Barry and his son, Edward Middleton Barry, and for its sculptures by John Thomas.
References
Other websites
Halifax Town Online: Address and phone number of Town Hall.
Hathi Trust: Building News and Engineering Journal vol 5, 28 January 1859, p.82, "The new town hall at Halifax"
1861 architecture
Things Fall Apart

Things Fall Apart is a novel that was written by Chinua Achebe. It came out in 1958. The story talks about life in Nigeria before colonialism and the Europeans came to Africa in the 19th century. The main character in the book is a man named Okonkwo. He is an Igbo man that lives in a fictional clan in Nigeria called Umuofia. There are three main parts of the story. The first part talks about Okonkwo's personal life and the Igbo culture and traditions. The second and third parts talk about the British colonialists and Christian missionaries.
Things Fall Apart is a very important book. Many people see it as an archetype (something that other works have been based on) for other African novels. The book has been sold over 20 million times. Time magazine said it was one of the best 100 English-language books from 1923 to 2005.
Story
Part 1
Okonkwo is a wrestling champion and a hardworking man. He was born in a poor family because his father was lazy and was in a lot of debt. This makes him hate his father. He tries to be the opposite of everything his father was.
Part 2
In this part of the novel, Okonkwo and his family are away. Meanwhile, white men come to Umuofia and introduce their religion, Christianity. Okonkwo's son Nwoye becomes a Christian.
Part 3
The village destroys the church because a convert disrespected an elder during a ritual. Because of that event, Okonkwo and other leaders go to jail.
Okonkwo kills a messenger. However, the other ones escape. He realizes that the village will not fight back.
Okonkwo kills himself to avoid being tried in court. Suicide is not acceptable to the Igbo and so Okonkwo loses his good name.
Characters
Okonkwo is the main character. He has 3 wives and 10 kids. He tries very hard to not be like his father, who was considered an abomination (a terrible thing) because he died of swelling. However, he ends up as an abomination himself because suicide is not allowed in Igbo culture.
References
1958 books
English-language novels
Nigerian culture
Suicide in fiction
Waiphot Phetsuphan

Phan Sakulnee (; 7 March 1942 - 12 January 2022), best known by the stage name Waiphot Phetsuphan (), was a Thai luk thung and Phleng Lae () singer. He was the National Artist of Thailand in 1997. His best known songs were "Keaw Roe Phee" (aekwr`phii) and "Countryside Singer" (nakr`ngbaann`k/Nak Rong Baan Nork). Phetsuphan was born in Suphan Buri Province, Thailand.
Phetsuphan died in Bangkok on 12 January 2022, at the age of 79.
References
1942 births
2022 deaths
Thai singers
Fritz the Cat

Fritz the Cat is a 1972 animated movie directed by Ralph Bakshi. It led to strong controversy upon its release. This movie was the first animated movie to be marked X by the MPAA, although that rating was later surrendered and the movie was released without any actual rating.
Obscenity
1972 movies
Animated movies
Multilingual movies
American independent movies
Movies directed by Ralph Bakshi
Skipton

Skipton is a town in North Yorkshire, England. In 2001, 14,313 people lived in Skipton.
References
Towns in North Yorkshire
Noah Segan

Noah Gideon Segan (born October 5, 1983) is an American actor. He is best known for his work in the movies Looper, Brick, and Deadgirl. He is known for his many collaborations with filmmaker Rian Johnson. Segan was born in New York City. He is the grandson of American photographer Arthur Rothstein, the nephew of musician Rob Stoner.
References
Other websites
1983 births
Living people
actors from New York City
Richard T. Schulze

Richard Taylor "Dick" Schulze (born August 7, 1929) is a Republican politician. He served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1993.
Other websites
Stennis Center for Public Service
The Political Graveyard
1929 births
Living people
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Politicians from Philadelphia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Voice recorder

A voice recorder or a dictation machine is a device to record speech or other sounds, and then play it back. Starting in the early 20th century they were much used in business. Usually a typist played the recording and transcribed it. In the late 20th century dictation machines used microcassettes. Today, smartphones can do their job.
Audio technology
Flag of India

The modern Flag of The Republic of India has three colours, which are placed horizontally. At the top is saffron, which signifies sacrifice and patriotism. In the middle is white, which stands for truth in word and actions and purity in our thoughts. At the bottom is green, which stands for life and prosperity. In the middle of the white is a blue wheel, which is called the Ashoka Chakra. It has 24 spokes and it stands for progress.The Chakra or the wheel also symbolizes the Power of the State governed by Dharma. It is also called the tiranga or tricolour. The flag was discovered by Venkayya Pingali. Moirang in Manipur is the first place in India where the National Flag of India was first hoisted. It was in this place where the INA War Museum and the INA Martyrs' Memorial Complex were developed to commemorate the contributions of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and his Indian National Army to the Indian Independence Movement.
Gandhi first in 1921, Congress spoke of their flag. The flag Pingali Venkayya, who had designed. There were two colours, red for the Hindus, and green for Muslims. Was in the middle of a cycle. For the other religions in the white paint was added. A few days before Independence, the Constituent Assembly national modified. The spinning wheel replaced by the Ashok Chakra Lee. The new flag of the country's second President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan explained again.
The national flag of India the top band of Saffron color, indicating the strength and courage of the country. The strip between the white is a symbol of peace and truth with Dharma Chakra. The lower green stripe fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land exhibits. Built on the white strip cycle menstrual cycle says. Wheel of Dharma wheel of the law that says the third century BC Mauryan Emperor Ashoka built the Sarnath Temple was taken from. The Chakra intends to show that this is life in movement and death in stagnation.
Are estimated using the following transfer in Indian flag colors. In flag saffron, white, green and blue colors that HTML Arljilbi and Web colors in the (hexadecimal notation); CMYK equivalent; Dye color and Penton equal number.
References
.
.
Trevor Royle, The Last Days of the Raj, Cornet Books, Hodder and Stoughton, London, pg. 217)
Notes
Other websites
Additional References
India
National symbols of India
Lee Tockar

Lee William Tockar (born February 11, 1969) is a Canadian voice actor and visual artist.
Works
He works for several studios in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He is also a writer of children's literature, a musician, sculptor, illustrator and collected painter. Tockar is best known for his work on My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, Eugene "Bling Bling Boy" Hamilton in Johnny Test, George in George of the Jungle, Doktor Frogg on League of Super Evil, the titular character of Yakkity Yak, the evil Makuta Teridax in the Bionicle films and Fidgel from 3-2-1 Penguins!. He also founded FanBuilt.com.
Other websites
Living people
Canadian Christians
Canadian voice actors
Canadian screenwriters
Canadian television writers
1969 births
Dagobert III

Dagobert III (698 - December 715) was King of the Franks from 711 until 715. Like many kings of the time, not much is known of him.
690s births
715 deaths
Frankish kings
Zenobia (plant)

Zenobia is a genus of small shrubs in the family Ericaceae. There is only one species in this genus -- Zenobia pulverulenta from bogs of south-east of USA. The common English name of this plant is Honeycup. It is an evergreen plant with blue-green leaves and small white flowers in the shape of bells. The genus was named in honour of Zenobia Septimia (240 -- after 274), Queen of Palmira.
Honeycup is cultivated as a garden plant.
References
Other websites
Germplasm Resources Information Network: Zenobia (plant)
Germplasm Resources Information Network: Zenobia pulverulenta
ITIS: Zenobia (plant)
NCBI: Zenobia (plant)
USDA Plants Profile: Zenobia pulverulenta
Ericaceae
Shrubs
Nippon Sport Science University Fields Yokohama

is a Japanese women's football team which plays in Nadeshiko League.
Club name
Nippon Sport Science University LSC : 1985 - 2014
Nippon Sport Science University SC Yokohama : 2015
Nippon Sport Science University Fields Yokohama : 2015 - Present
Results
Other websites
1985 establishments in Japan
Japanese football clubs
Kanagawa Prefecture
Catfish

Catfish are an order of teleost fish, the Siluriformes. There are about 40 families in the order.
They are called catfish because their barbels look like the whiskers of a cat. They are very diverse. The heaviest is the Mekong giant catfish, up to 350 kg (770 lb). The longest is the wels catfish, up to 4 m (13 ft). There are also detrivores in the group. There are some tiny parasitic catfish called candiru. Some catfish are grown for food, in fish farms. Some catfish can be kept in aquaria.
Special lifestyles
Most catfish do not harm people, but some of them can cause problems. It is said that the candiru can enter the human urethra, where they stay as parasites. In normal life they are parasites on fish gills.
The Malapteruridae are a family of electric catfish. Several species of the family can produce an electric shock of up to 350 volts using electroplaques of an electric organ.
References
Edible fish
Gianluigi Donnarumma

Gianluigi Donnarumma (born 25 February 1999 in Naples) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Paris Saint-Germain and the Italian national team. He also played for AC Milan from 2015 until 2020.
On 1 September 2016, he became the youngest goalkeeper to ever play for the senior Italy national team. He played in the UEFA Euro 2020 Final, and helped Italy win the tournament after a penalty shootout. He was named the player of the tournament by UEFA.
References
Other websites
Gianluigi Donnarumma at Soccerway
Gianluigi Donnarumma at FICG.it
Living people
1999 births
Italian association football goalkeepers
Footballers from Naples
A.C. Milan players
Psychological abuse

Psychological abuse may also be called psychological violence, emotional abuse or mental abuse.
It is when a person puts another person under abuse which may result in psychological trauma. The abuse may result in anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. This kind of behaviour is an extreme kind of bullying.
This abuse happens most often when one person has power over another.
It may result in narcissism, depression, anxiety, and other disorders.
The term does not mean physical abuse. The most common thing to happen is verbal abuse. Blaming, shaming, and name calling are signs of verbal abuse which can affect a victim emotionally.
References
Abuse
Caldera

A caldera is a volcanic feature formed by the collapse of land surface after a gigantic volcanic eruption. In such an eruption the volcano's magma chamber is empty enough for the ground above it to drop.
A caldera may look like a volcanic crater except that a crater is made by blasting outward, not by collapsing inward. The word caldera comes from the Portuguese language, meaning "cauldron". Some complex features are made by both processes.
When Yellowstone Caldera last erupted some 650,000 years ago, it released about 1,000 km3 of material, covering much of North America in debris up to two metres thick. By comparison, when Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980, it released 1000 times less material.
The ecological effects of the eruption of a large caldera can be seen in the record of the Lake Toba eruption in Indonesia.
About 75,000 years ago, the Toba catastrophe released about 2,800 km3 of ejecta. This was the largest known explosive eruption within the last 25 million years. In the late 1990s, anthropologist Stanley Ambrose suggested that a volcanic winter induced by this eruption reduced the human population to about 2,000 20,000, resulting in a population bottleneck. Others suggested that the human race was reduced to about five to ten thousand people.
However, there is no direct evidence that the theory is correct and some evidence that it is not.
Larger calderas
Eruptions forming even larger calderas are known. At La Garita Caldera in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado, the 5,000 km3 Fish Canyon Tuff was blasted out in a single major eruption about 27.8 million years ago.
At some points in time, rhyolitic calderas have appeared in distinct clusters. The remnants of such clusters may be found in places such as the San Juan Mountains of Colorado (formed during the Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene periods) or the Saint Francois Mountain Range of Missouri (erupted during the Proterozoic).
Ngorongoro is a caldera.
The Hawaiian Islands are formed by a caldera
References
Kamaboko

, also known as surimi' is a cured, processed seafood product of Japan. It is made of pureed white fish, formed into different shapes including semi-cylinder loafs, and steamed until it becomes firm. Some kamaboko known as narutomaki is made with a swirl pattern in the center of each slice, named after the famous tidal whirlpool in the Japanese city Naruto. Outside of Japan, kamaboko is often referred to as fish cake.
Kamaboko has been made in Japan since the 14th century CE and has become commonly available in many other countries. One example that can be found in the West is kanikama (also known as kani kamaboko), or imitation crab. This variation of surimi is quite common in the West as it is a cheap substitute for real crab meat.
In Japan, kamaboko can often be seen served as a topping over ramen or udon. It is also commonly sold at convenience stores as chikama (kamaboko and cheese).
Japanese food
Seafood
Daveed Diggs

Daveed Daniele Diggs (born January 24, 1982) is an American actor, rapper and hip hop singer-songwriter. He is the vocalist of the experimental hip hop group Clipping. In 2015, Diggs was the first actor to play the roles of Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson in the musical Hamilton, for which he won both a Grammy Award and Tony Award.
References
Tony Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
1982 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Rappers from California
American hip hop musicians
American singer-songwriters
Actors from Oakland, California
Singers from Oakland, California
Writers from Oakland, California
Musicians from Oakland, California
List of Danish painters

This is a list of noted or famous Danish painters. (The list is sorted by when they died; those who are alive, are farther down the list.)
Carl Bloch (d. 1890)
Camille Pissarro (d. 1903), Danish-French
Jens Adolf Jerichau (d. 1916)
Lili Elbe (d. 1931)
Carl-Henning Pedersen (d. 2007)
Arne Haugen Sorensen (1932-)
References
Danish painters
Lists of painters
painter
Cerami

Cerami is a comune in the Province of Enna in the Sicily region in southern Italy. About 2,000 people live there.
Settlements in Sicily