pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Institut Le Rosey

Institut Le Rosey, commonly known simply as Le Rosey, is a boarding school in Rolle, Switzerland. It has ~400 students aged 7 to 18.
It was started by Paul-Emile Carnal in 1880 and is Switzerland's oldest private school. Royalty from around the world have been students. No more than 10% of the students come from any one country. Students applying to be seniors must be able to work in English and French. Fees: ~ $136,000 per annum.
This is a school for the rich international set. Before the introduction of the 10% quota (where no more than 10% of the student body may come from one country) different nationalities made up the majority of students at Le Rosey.
In the 1950s and 1960s, most students were Americans, Italians, and Greeks. In the 1970s came the Arabs and Iranians. In the 1980s came Japanese and Koreans, and in the 1990s came the Russians. During the 1990s, came the children of Russian oligarchs, who made up a third of the student body. They "terrorized" other students, which resulted in the withdrawal of at least one non-Russian student.
Since then, quotas have been applied.
Music
The school has three orchestras and two choirs.
January to March the school moves to Gstaad. There they do winter sports like skiing every day. For junior boarders it costs CHF 78,300 a year ($85855). It has been called the world's most expensive school. All subjects are taught in English and French.
References
Schools in Switzerland
1880 establishments in Europe
Chief of Government of Buenos Aires

The Government Headquarters of the City of Buenos Aires is the form of government adopted by the Executive Power of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires since 1996, after the declaration of autonomy of this city, capital of the Argentine Republic.
This form of government is exercised by a Head of Government elected by popular vote, whose duration in office is four years and with the possibility of consecutive re-election for a single period. Along with the Head of Government there is also the figure of the Deputy Head of Government, who is also elected by popular vote with the same periods as the Head of Government and whose function is to temporarily assume command of the Executive Power in case of absence, or definitively in case of acephaly.
The figure of the Head of Government of the City of Buenos Aires replaced the previous figure of the Mayor of the City of Buenos Aires, who was appointed by the President in office, with the agreement of the Senate of Argentina.
Before 1996, the position of Chief of Government was known as Mayor of Buenos Aires. Back then, you were appointed mayor not elected. After a 1994 referendum, the title changed to Chief of Government and it became an elected position.
Chiefs of government (1996-present)
Other websites
Official website of Buenos Aires City
Busytown Mysteries

Busytown Mysteries is a 2007-10 Canadian animated children's educational television series. It was produced by Cookie Jar Group with Kids CBC.
Canadian animated television series
Reinforcement learning

Reinforcement learning (RL) is teaching a software agent how to behave in an environment by telling it how well it's doing. It is an area of machine learning inspired by behaviorist psychology.
Reinforcement learning is different from supervised learning because the correct inputs and outputs are never shown. Also, reinforcement learning usually learns as it goes (online learning) unlike supervised learning. This means an agent has to choose between exploring and sticking with what it knows best.
Introduction
A reinforcement learning system is made of a policy (), a reward function (), a value function (), and an optional model of the environment.
A policy tells the agent what to do in a certain situation. It can be a simple table of rules, or a complicated search for the correct action. Policies can even be stochastic, which means instead of rules the policy assigns probabilities to each action. A policy by itself can make an agent do things, but it can't learn on its own.
A reward function defines the goal for an agent. It takes in a state (or a state and the action taken at that state) and gives back a number called the reward, which tells the agent how good it is to be in that state. The agent's job is to get the biggest amount of reward it possibly can in the long run. If an action yields a low reward, the agent will probably take a better action in the future. Biology uses reward signals like pleasure or pain to make sure organisms stay alive to reproduce. Reward signals can also be stochastic, like a slot machine at a casino, where sometimes they pay and sometimes they don't.
A value function tells an agent how much reward it will get following a policy starting from state . It represents how desirable it is to be in a certain state. Since the value function isn't given to the agent directly, it needs to come up with a good guess or estimate based on the reward it's gotten so far. Value function estimation is the most important part of most reinforcement learning algorithms.
A model is the agent's mental copy of the environment. It's used to plan future actions.
Knowing this, we can talk about the main loop for a reinforcement learning episode. The agent interacts with the environment in discrete time steps. Think of it like the "tick-tock" of a clock. With discrete time, things only happen during the "ticks" and the "tocks", and not in between. At each time , the agent observes the environment's state and picks an action based on a policy . The next time step, the agent receives a reward signal and a new observation . The value function is updated using the reward. This continues until a terminal state is reached.
Related pages
The biology behind Reinforcement learning can be found at:
Operant conditioning
Reward
References
Artificial intelligence
Learning
Kenya African National Union

The Kenya African National Union is a Kenyan political party. It ruled for nearly 40 years after Kenya's independence from British colonial rule in 1963 until 2002. It was called Kenya African Union from 1944 but due to pressure from the colonial government it changed its name to Kenya African Study Union mainly because all political parties were banned in 1939 following the start of the Second World War. In 1946 it called itself Kenya African Union after Harry Thuku resigned as president due to internal differences between the moderates who wanted peaceful negotiations and the militants who wanted to use force. The militants formed The forty Group, which later became the Mau Mau. The president was then James Gichuru. After him was Jomo Kenyatta in 1947. The organisation was banned by the colonial government from 1952 to 1960. It was set up again by James Gichuru in 1960 and renamed KANU on 14 May 1960 when it joined with Tom Mboya's Kenya Independence Movement.
References
Political parties in Kenya
Ripollet

Ripollet is a municipality of 39,179 people (2020). It is in the province of Barcelona in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain.
Cities in Catalonia
Municipalities in Catalonia
Emma Lazarus

Emma Lazarus (22 July 1849 - 19 November 1887) was an American poet and playwright of Jewish origin.
Lazarus was one of seven children of Moses and Esther Nathan Lazarus. Her father's family came from Portugal. She became interested in Jewish tradition after reading Daniel Deronda by George Eliot. She never married, although she was considered a pretty woman. Emma Lazarus died of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Lazarus wrote many lyric poems. She used classic forms like rhyme royal and ottava rima (in the cycle named Epochs). She was especially good at writing sonnets. Her best known work is the sonnet The New Colossus. It was placed at The Statue of Liberty in New York. She also translated into English poems by romantic German poet Henrich Heine. As a journalist she always protested against any kind of discrimination.
References
Bibliography
Bette Roth Young, Emma Lazarus in Her World: Life and Letters. With a Foreword by Francine Klagsburn, The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 1995.
Other websites
The Poems of Emma Lazarus, Vol. I.
''The Poems of Emma Lazarus, Vol. II.
''Poems and Ballads of Heinrich Heine. Translated by Emma Lazarus.
1849 births
1887 deaths
Deaths from Hodgkin's lymphoma
American poets
American playwrights
American Jews
Pickford's House Museum

Pickford's House Museum of Georgian Life and Costume, No 41 Friar Gate Derby, is a nice Georgian house built by the great architect Joseph Pickford in 1770 for his own family. Pickford had a number of notable customers. One of them was a painter Joseph Wright, whose works can be found in local Derby Museum. The Pickford's museum that was set up in 1988 shows the housing of a late Georgian professional person. The ground floor is furnished as it might have been in Pickford's time together with displays of eighteenth and nineteenth century costume. It is owned and run by the Derby City Council.
"Pickford's House" was intended to showcase his work, with the intention of securing new contacts. It was also his residence. At the rear of the property Pickford had his builder's yard, access being by a driveway to the right of the property.
References
Article contains a text transported from Pickford's House Museum on the English Wikipedia.
Pickford's House Museum
Museums in Derby
Sarah McLachlan

Sarah Ann McLachlan (born January 28, 1968) is a Canadian singer-songwriter who is known for her emotional music. She was adopted and raised in Halifax, Nova Scotia. She went to the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, then moved to Vancouver, British Columbia.
Her recording company, Nettwerk, released her first album in 1988. After recording several albums, she organized the all-female music festival Lilith Fair in 1997, 1998, and 1999. Some of the money made from these concerts went to women's charities. McLachlan received the Elizabeth Cady Stanton Visionary Award in 1998 for helping women's music.
She married her drummer, Ashwin Sood, in 1997. They have a daughter, India, born in 2002.
McLachlan has been written about in magazines such as Rolling Stone, Time, and Entertainment Weekly. She has won Grammy and Juno awards for her music.
She funds a Vancouver program that helps poor children learn music. She has played at charity concerts, such as for victims of the December 26, 2004 tsunami and at the 2005 Live 8 concert in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Some of McLachlan's best-known songs include "The Path of Thorns", "Into the Fire", "Possession", "Building a Mystery", "Sweet Surrender", "Adia", "Angel", and "World on Fire".
Influences
McLachlan stated music artists like Cowboy Junkies, Kate Bush, Tom Waits, 10,000 Maniacs, Sinead O'Connor, Joni Mitchell, Peter Gabriel, Cocteau Twins, Daniel Lanois, Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Laura Nyro, Sandy Denny, Suzanne Vega, U2, Rickie Lee Jones, Stevie Nicks, Anne Murray, Jane Siberry and Bruce Cockburn as influences.
Albums
Albums with only new songs:
Touch (1988)
Solace (1991)
Fumbling Towards Ecstacy (1993)
Surfacing (1997)
Afterglow (2003)
Live albums
Mirrorball (1999)
Afterglow Live (2004)
Live EPs (shorter albums) were released in 1992 and 2004.
Other albums
The Freedom Sessions (1994)
Rarities, B-Sides and Other Stuff (1996)
Albums called Murmers were released only for her fan club every year from 1995 to 2001.
Two remix albums were released, in 2001 and 2005.
1968 births
Canadian adoptees
Canadian pop singers
Canadian singer-songwriters
Grammy Award winners
People from Halifax, Nova Scotia
Living people
Entertainers from Nova Scotia
Popstars

Popstars is a reality show where a number of people audition of a spot in a new popgroup. The concept has been sold to most parts of the world.
Also solo artists has been searched for in this show, Girls Aloud are one of the most famous groups coming out from the reality show also Nicole Scherzinger from Pussycat Dolls audition for a spot on Edens Crush on American Popstars.
Reality television series
Christopher Eccleston

Christopher Eccleston (born 16 February 1964) is an English actor. He played the Ninth Doctor on Doctor Who in 2005. Before playing the doctor, he played the Son of God in The Second Coming. He has acted in movies, such as Let Him Have It, Shallow Grave, and Gone in 60 Seconds.
Eccleston is an atheist.
References
Other websites
Fan site
Actors from Greater Manchester
Actors from Lancashire
English atheists
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
1964 births
Living people
Dorking

Dorking is a town on the A24 road in Surrey, England. It is the setting of the 1871 novel, The Battle of Dorking.
References
Towns in Surrey
Leissigen

Leissigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Bern
Anne Wood

Anne Wood CBE (born December 1, 1937) is a British children's television producer. Her independent production company, "Ragdoll Productions", was founded in 1984 and specialises in making original programming for children 10 and under. Ragdoll is based in Stratford-upon-Avon, UK and has produced Pob, Brum, Rosie and Jim, Tots TV, Teletubbies, Boohbah and most recently In the Night Garden.
She has won a BAFTA.
Notable TV guest appearances
Good Morning Australia playing "Herself" 10 February 2004
Other websites
Teletubbies
Living people
1937 births
British television producers
Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory

The Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory is the apex court of the Australian Capital Territory.
References
Australian Capital Territory
Kathryn Janeway

Kathryn Janeway is a character in the American TV series Star Trek: Voyager. She is the captain of the starship Voyager.
Star Trek: Voyager characters
1854

Events
January 6 - The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is born.
March 20 -The Boston Public Library opens to the public.
June 24 - Franz Liszt shows Franz Schubert's opera Alfonso und Estrella in Weimar. This was thirty-two years after it was composed.
August 9 -Johann succeeds to the throne of Saxony on the death of his brother.
October 6 -The great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead in England
November 5 -Crimean War - Battle of Inkerman: The Russians are defeated.
December 3 - Eureka Stockade miner's rebellion, Ballarat, Australia
The French fashion label Louis Vuitton is founded.
Births
January 1 - James George Frazer, Scottish social anthropologist (d. 1941)
March 15 - Emil von Behring, German physiologist, 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1917)
April 29 -Henri Poincare, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1912)
June 26 -Robert Borden, 8th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1937)
July 27 -Takahashi Korekiyo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936)
October 3 -William C. Gorgas, American physician and Surgeon General (d. 1920)
October 16 - Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (d. 1900)
November 17 -Hubert Lyautey, Marshal of France (d. 1934)
December 23 -Victoriano Huerta, President of Mexico (d. 1916)
Deaths
February 17 -John Martin, English painter (b. 1789)
April 11 -Karl Adolph von Basedow, German physician (b. 1799)
June 7 - Charles Baudin, French admiral (b. 1784)
July 6 -Georg Ohm, German physicist (b. 1789)
August 21 -Thomas Clayton, American lawyer and politician (b. 1777)
September 8 -Angelo Mai, Italian cardinal and philologist (b. 1782)
October 26 -Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, queen consort of Bavaria (b. 1792)
November 25 -John Gibson Lockhart, Scottish writer (b. 1794)
December 9 -Almeida Garrett, Portuguese writer (b. 1799)
December 15 -Kamehameha III, King of Hawaii (b. c. 1814)
New books
Charles Dickens - Hard Times
Fanny Fern - Ruth Hall
Nathaniel Hawthorne - Mosses from an Old Manse
Caroline Lee Hentz - The Planter's Northern Bride
Alfred Tennyson - "The Charge of the Light Brigade"
Henry David Thoreau - Walden, or Life in the Woods
Leo Tolstoy - Boyhood
Barbara the Fair with the Silken Hair

Barbara the Fair with the Silken Hair () is a 1970 Soviet fantasy movie directed by Alexander Rou. It stars Mikhail Pugovkin, Georgy Millyar, and Anatoly Kubatsky.
Actors
Mikhail Pugovkin as tsar Yeremei (the king)
Georgy Millyar as Chudo-Yudo (slavic monster, the underwater king)
Anatoly Kubatsky as Afonya, dyak
Aleksei Katyshev as Andrey, son of a fisherman
Sergei Nikolaev as Andrey, the tsar's son
Tatiana Klyueva as Varvara-beauty, daughter of Chudo-Yudo
Varvara Popova as Stepanida, nanny
References
Other websites
1970 fantasy movies
Soviet fantasy movies
Movies set in palaces
Movies directed by Aleksandr Rou
The Carpenters

The Carpenters were an American musical duo. The members were Richard Carpenter and his sister Karen. Starting in 1969, the duo had many popular songs including "We've Only Just Begun", "Close to You", "Sing", "Rainy Days and Mondays", "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft" and others. They continued until Karen's death in 1983 of bulimia in Downey, California. They sold over 100 million albums.
Albums
Offering/Ticket to Ride (1969)
Close to You (1970)
Carpenters (1971)
A Song for You (1972)
Now & Then (1973)
Horizon (1975)
A Kind of Hush (1976)
Passage (1977)
Christmas Portrait (1978)
Made in America (1981)
Posthumous releases
Voice of the Heart (1983)
An Old-Fashioned Christmas (1984)
Lovelines (1989)
As Time Goes By (2004)
Other websites
Official site
1969 establishments in the United States
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
American pop music groups
American rock bands
Musical duos
Musical groups disestablished in 1983
Musical groups established in 1969
Musical groups from Los Angeles
People from Downey, California
1983 disestablishments in the United States
1960s establishments in California
1980s disestablishments in California
Pope

This article is about Popes in general. For the current Pope, see Pope Francis.
The Pope is the head of the Catholic Church.
Popes are elected by Cardinals of the Catholic Church. Once they are elected they hold the position until they die or resign. Usually they do not resign, though; Pope Benedict XVI is the only Pope to resign in the last 500 years. A newly elected Pope chooses a regnal name. Everyone is told this new name when the Habemus Papam is read out. The current pope (Francis) was called Jorge Bergoglio before he became a pope.
The name Pope comes from the Greek word pappas, meaning "father". Catholics believe that when making statements ex cathedra, that is official statements teaching about faith and morals, the Pope is infallible - which means God will not allow his followers to be misled by allowing their leader to make a wrong statement. Only two of any Pope's statements have been ex cathedra.
Popes today travel to many countries around the world preaching. The Pope is the only person in the world who both leads the church and government. Like other bishops he wears a big hat called a mitre and holds a staff called a crosier.
Recent popes
Some recent Popes, and the time they were Pope:
Pope John XXIII, 1958-1963
Pope Paul VI, 1963-1978
Pope John Paul I, 1978
Pope John Paul II, 1978-2005
Pope Benedict XVI, 2005-2013
Pope Francis, current pope
The Popes in Avignon
During parts of the Middle Ages, the French kings had a lot of influence in Europe. For this reason, seven popes (and two anti-popes) lived in Avignon, rather than Rome. The Avignon Papacy was from 1309 to 1377. During that time, the popes were known for their greed and corruption. These popes were allies of France; the enemies of France were also their enemies.
The Bishops of Rome who lived in Avignon were:
Pope Clement V: 1305-1314
Pope John XXII: 1316-1334
Pope Benedict XII: 1334-1342
Pope Clement VI: 1342-1352
Pope Innocent VI: 1352-1362
Pope Urban V: 1362-1370
Pope Gregory XI: 1370-1378
Two antipopes were based in Avignon as well:
Clement VII: 1378-1394
Benedict XIII: 1394-1423 (expelled from Avignon in 1403)
Antipopes were people that were elected by small groups who did not like the official choice.
Catherine of Siena convinced pope Gregory XI to move back to Rome. Unfortunately, he died shortly after moving. The cardinals then elected Urban VI to be the next pope. The French cardinals did not recognise this election as legitimate. They declared the papal see as vacant; which led to the Western Schism. The schism lasted until the Council of Constance in 1417. During this time, there was a pope in Rome, an Antipope in Avignon, and for some time, a second antipope. Each of the three was recognised as legitimate pope by different European powers. This led to a big split in the church as a whole. The council elected Pope Martin V as a new pope, recognised by all parties.
Related pages
List of popes
Abdication
Habemus Papam
Papal name
References
Other websites
Christian religious occupations
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Natal is a Brazilian city, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It has about 780,000 inhabitants and an area of 170 km2.
Cities in Rio Grande do Norte
Capitals of Brazilian states
College Station, Arkansas

College Station is a census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Arkansas.
References
Census-designated places in Pulaski County, Arkansas
AVN Award for Male Performer of the Year

The AVN Award for Male Performer of the Year is an award that has been given annually by sex industry company AVN since the award's creation in 1993.
First person awarded was Rocco Siffredi, they was awarded at 10th AVN Awards in 1993. As of 2023, Manuel Ferrara is the most honored pornographic actor with six awards
Winners and nominees
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Related pages
AVN Award for Male Foreign Performer of the Year
AVN Award for Best Actor
AVN Award for Best Supporting Actor
AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year
AVN Award for Female Foreign Performer of the Year
AVN Award for Transsexual Performer of the Year
References
Other websites
Movie awards
Pendleton Ward

Pendleton "Pen" Ward (born July 8, 1982) is an American animator, musician, screenwriter and producer who works for Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. He created the three-time Emmy-nominated Adventure Time (2010).
Ward was born on July 8, 1982 in Los Angeles, California. He studied at CalArts.
Television
References
Other wbesites
Adventure Time
1982 births
Living people
American animators
American screenwriters
American musicians
American television producers
American voice actors
Musicians from Los Angeles
Musicians from San Antonio, Texas
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from San Antonio, Texas
Writers from Los Angeles
Writers from San Antonio, Texas
Java ME

Java ME (Java, Platorm, Micro, Edition) is a Linux-based platform designed for running dedicated applets. For example, your smart TV might run Java ME, your car's media player might run Java ME. it is also compatible with the internet of things.
Linux
Marsha Thomason

Marsha Thomason (born January 19, 1976 ) is an English actress. She acted on the television series Las Vegas.
References
Other websites
1976 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Manchester
Occipital bone

The occipital bone is a bone at the lower back of the skull. At the base of the skull (and the occipital bone) there's a large opening, called foramen magnum, where the spinal chord passes into the skull.
Bones of the skull
La Liga

The Campeonato Nacional de Liga de Primera Division, commonly known as Primera Division, or La Liga, and officially known as LALIGA EA SPORTS (stylized as all caps) for sponsorship reasons, is the men's top professional football league of the Spanish football league system. It is contested by 20 teams.
2023-2024 clubs
Real Madrid CF
FC Barcelona
Atletico Madrid
Real Sociedad
Villarreal CF
Real Betis
Athletic Bilbao
Sevilla F.C.
Valencia CF
RC Celta de Vigo
C.A. Osasuna
Getafe CF
R.C.D. Mallorca
Girona FC
Union Deportiva Almeria
Rayo Vallecano
Cadiz CF
Granada C.F.
UD Las Palmas
Deportivo Alaves
Champions
Former champions
Related pages
Segunda Division
Segunda Division B
1929 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Spain
Alburnoides bipunctatus

Alburnoides bipunctatus is a species of small fish that lives in freshwater. It is also known as the schneider, the spirlin, the bleak, and the riffle minnow. It lives in very calm waters.
References
Freshwater fish
Cypriniformes
Jane Leeves

Jane Elizabeth Leeves (born 18 April 1961) is an English actress. She played Daphne Moon on the NBC television sitcom Frasier from 1993 until 2004. She is also known for her role as Joy Scroggs on TV Land's sitcom Hot in Cleveland.
References
1961 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
Actors from Essex
Vallan

Vallan is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Dieterich, Illinois

Dieterich is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Monee, Illinois

Monee is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States. The population was 5,148 at the 2010 census.
References
Villages in Illinois
Willie & Phil

Willie & Phil is a 1980 American comedy drama movie directed by Paul Mazursky and starring Michael Ontkean, Margot Kidder, Ray Sharkey, Jan Miner, Kathleen Maguire, Jerry Hall. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1980 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies directed by Paul Mazursky
John Holt (singer)

John Kenneth Holt (11 July 1945 - 19 October 2014) was a Jamaican reggae singer and songwriter. He first found fame as a member of the Paragons, before establishing himself as a solo artist.
Holt died on 19 October 2014 in a London hospital, aged 69.
References
Other websites
[ John Holt biography] at Allmusic website
Riddimguide information
Biography at Jamuzik
John Holt at Roots Archives
"Veteran reggae singer John Holt dies aged 69", Guardian music, 20 October 2014.
1945 births
2014 deaths
Jamaican singers
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
Uri (constituency)

Uri is a constituency of Switzerland.
Election results
References
Constituencies of Switzerland
Ole Thestrup

Ole Svane Thestrup (12 March 1948 - 2 February 2018) was a Danish actor. He appeared in many Danish movies, mainly by those directed by Anders Thomas Jensen. He had a recurring role in the political drama series Borgen. He was born in Nibe, Denmark.
Thestrup's early television roles included the comedy series Een stor familie (1982-1983) and the 1986 Christmas calendar show Jul pa Slottet. He retired in April 2017.
Suffering from alcoholism, Thestrup was arrested and later imprisoned in Canada for boarding a plane drunk.
Thestrup died on 2 February 2018, in his home in Tuse Naes, Denmark from lung cancer at the age of 69.
References
Other websites
1948 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Danish movie actors
Danish television actors
Danish stage actors
Oviya (TV series)

Oviya () is an 2018 Indian Tamil language drama airing on Colors Tamil which is directed by Sai Maruthu and starring Surendar Shanmugam, Gomathi Priya and Harshala in lead roles. The plot of the series is the remake of a Hindi language television series Uttaran which aired on COLORS TV.
The series is airing on Colors Tamil from November 26, 2018 on Monday to Saturday at 18:30 (IST) time slot. The story is about friends Oviya (Gomathi Priya) and Gayathri (Harshala) and how that friendship is tested by their love interests over Surendar.
Cast
Main cast
Gomathi Priya as Oviya
is from a financially poor background but believes in sticking to her ideologies, she is much-liked by people around her, appreciating her kind heart and sincerity.
Punitha/Harshala Honey as Gayathri
is from a financially rich background. She is manipulative and is willing to go to any extreme to attain her goals.
Surendar Shanmugam as Surya (oviya's lover)
Supporting cast
Oviya Family:
Sindhu Shyam as Anbarasi alias anbu (oviya's mother)
Divya Banu as Arivazhagi 'Arivu' (oviya's friend)
Gayathri Family:
Arvind Kathare as selvam (gayathri's uncle)
Jeeva Ravi as Ravi Varma (gayathri's father)
Premi Venkat as Thilagavathi alias thilaga (gayathri's mother)
Surya Family:
Ashwin as Guna(Surya Brother)
Kannan as Saravanan (Surya Young Brother)
References
Other websites
Colors Tamil Official Facebook in Tamil
Colors Tamil Official Youtube Channel in Tamil
Tamil-language television series
2018 television series debuts
Neila Tavares

Neila Tavares (18 September 1948 - 4 June 2022) was a Brazilian actress, television presenter and journalist. She was born in Niteroi, Brazil. Tavares began her career in 1968. She was known for her roles in telenovelas such as Anjo Mau and Gabriela. She retired from acting in 2013. She also worked as a presenter for Rede Manchete and TVE Brasil.
Tavares died from emphysema on 4 June 2022 in Rio das Ostras, Brazil at the age of 73.
References
Other websites
1948 births
2022 deaths
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
Brazilian stage actors
Actors from Rio de Janeiro
Deaths from emphysema
Television news anchors
Brazilian journalists
Writers from Rio de Janeiro
Sandro da Silva

Sandro Andre da Silva (born March 5, 1974) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club statistics
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References
J. League
1974 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Vestal Virgin

The Vestals or Vestal Virgins were a group of priestesses of the Roman goddess Vesta, in Ancient Rome.
The Vestals were a part of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum). They were responsible for looking after the "sacred fire" of Vesta, which was not allowed to go out. Unlike most other women in Roman society, the Vestals were forbidden to marry or bear children, and took a vow of chastity when they joined the priesthood, which lasted for a minimum of 30 years.
They were daughters chosen before puberty from a number of suitable candidates, from two living parents who both had to be free-born residents (not slaves or freed slaves) of Rome. Before the 3rd century BC, candidates for Vestal priesthoods had to be of patrician birth. Membership was opened to plebeians in the 3rd century BC.
They retired when their term of service ended after 30 years. Vestals who retired, typically in their late 30's to early 40s, were allowed to marry, but were often too old to bear children.
Vestal Virgins who broke their vow of chastity, were ritually killed by being buried alive.
Religion in ancient Rome
Roman people
Irsta

Irsta is a locality in Vasteras Municipality in Vastmanland County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,717 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Vastmanland County
Ronald Senator

Ronald Senator (17 April 1926 - 30 April 2015) was a British composer. He was best known for Holocaust Requiem, for which he was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. He had concerts in New York (1990, 1998, 2001), London (1989, 1997), Sydney (1978), Moscow (1993), and St. Petersburg (1991).
Senator studied at Oxford University (1944-1947) with Austrian-born British composer Egon Wellesz. He was Jewish and married to Miriam Brickman. He lived in London and New York, United States.
Senator and his 81-year-old wife died in a fire on 30 April 2015 at their home in Yonkers, New York. He was 89.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from fire
Accidental deaths in the United States
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British composers
British Jews
Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster

Robert Temple Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster, (30 March 1927 - 3 April 2020) was a British Lord Temporal and former civil servant. From 1970 to 1975 he was the Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister. He was knighted in 1978. From 1979 to 1987, he served as Cabinet Secretary under Margaret Thatcher.
References
1927 births
2020 deaths
Members of the House of Lords
Chiesanuova, Piedmont

Chiesanuova is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Bethel, Vermont

Bethel is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek was a Chinese nationalist politician and military leader who was President of the Republic of China, born in Xikou on October 31, 1887. His father was a merchant who died when Chiang was eight years old. Chiang became an officer in the army of the Manchu empire, but supported the Chinese Xinhai Revolution of 1911 that converted China into a republic.
He led the Republic of China from 1930 to 1949 on mainland China until he was overthrown by Mao Zedong in the Chinese Civil War. He fled to Taiwan where he ruled from 1950 until his death in 1975, although his government was still officially called the Republic of China.
Military career
After his father died, Chiang joined the army. At first, he went to Baoding in northern China to study military science. Later, he went to Japan to learn more about the military. On October 10, 1911, Chiang Kai-Shek came back to China.
In 1918, he joined the Nationalist Party of Sun Yat-sen. Sun Yat-sen helped Jiang Kai-Shek make a military academic school called Huangpu Military School. In 1926 and 1927 he led the Northern Expedition to conquer local warlords and unify China. After Sun Yat-sen died, he pushed out the Communists in 1927. In 1928, he made a new government in Nanjing, and became head of the state. He focused on fighting the Communists and the Empire of Japan. In 1937, Japan began to invade China, and Chiang was in charge of the Nationalist Chinese Army, until the war ended in 1945. Chiang ruled China until 1949, when Mao Zedong, who led the Communist Party of China, attacked Chiang and his officials, and they were forced to flee to Taiwan.
References
Other websites
Chiang Kai-shek, Citizendium
1887 births
1975 deaths
Anti-communists
Chinese generals
Methodists
Presidents of the Republic of China
Former dictators
Prime ministers
Taiwanese military people
Time People of the Year
World War II political leaders
Politicians from Zhejiang
Prime Minister of North Macedonia

The Prime Minister of North Macedonia, officially the President of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia (; ), is the head of government of North Macedonia. The first Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia) was Nikola Kljusev from 27 January 1991 to 17 August 1992.
The current Prime Minister of North Macedonia is Dimitar Kovacevski.
List of prime ministers of Macedonia
Socialist Republic of Macedonia
Party
Republic of Macedonia / North Macedonia
Parties
Status
References
North Macedonia
Pudding Mill Lane DLR station

Pudding Mill Lane is a Docklands Light Railway (DLR) station in Stratford, London, England. The station is located on the DLR's Stratford branch, between Bow Church and Stratford stations and is on the boundary between Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3.
History
The station opened in 1996 on the road of the same name. This was once a light industrial area of Stratford, but it was redeveloped into a housing development called Pudding Mill Lane. It was next to the Olympic Park but it was closed for the duration of the 2012 Olympic Games and reopened on 12 September 2012. The original island platform station was permanently closed on 18 April 2014 to allow for the construction of a ramp from the new Crossrail portal nearby. A new larger station, built a short distance to the south, opened on 28 April 2014.
References
Docklands Light Railway stations in the London Borough of Newham
Greensboro sit-ins

The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of peaceful protests that happened in Greensboro, North Carolina. They happened from February 1 to July 25, 1960. Many of them happened at the F. W. Woolworth Company store (a convenience store).
There were four men influenced by non-violent protest. Ralph Johns helped put there protest together. The four men were inspired by Mahatma Gandhi. They were inspired by the freedom riders. They planned their protest very carefully. By February 8, 500 people joined the protest. They sat at the table. They wanted to be served, but did not get served. The owners didn't want the black people to sit there because they did not like the color of their skin. They sat at the counter because they didn't care for there rules and the men wanted their food. The four men were students at the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University. At Woolworth's you could only sit on the stools if you were white. This started because these four men wanted to prove a point about segregation.
References
Civil disobedience
1960s protests
Gustine, California

Gustine is a city of Merced County, in the U.S. state of California. It is found west of Merced. In 2020, 6,110 people lived there.
References
Cities in California
Settlements in Merced County, California
F. Sherwood Rowland

Frank Sherwood "Sherry" Rowland (June 28, 1927 - March 10, 2012) was an American Nobel Prize-winning chemist. He was a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. His research was on atmospheric chemistry and chemical kinetics.
His best-known work was the discovery that chlorofluorocarbons role in ozone depletion.
He won the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Mario Molina and Paul J. Crutzen. Rowland worked as a professor at the University of California, Irvine.
Rowland died on March 10, 2012 in Newport Beach, California from problems caused by Parkinson's disease, aged 84.
References
1927 births
2012 deaths
American chemists
Scientists from Ohio
Scientists from California
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Scalar (physics)

In physics, a scalar or scalar quantities are the physical quantity which are expressed only by their magnitude without detection. The contrary notion is vector.
Basic physics ideas
Paul McNulty

Paul McNulty (born 1953 in Houston, Texas) is a piano builder specialising in historical pianos. He creates replicas of fortepianos after makers such as Silbermann, Stein, Walter, Graf etc.
Education
McNulty studied classical guitar and lute at the Peabody Conservatory in 1976. In 1978 he continued his studies at the New England School of Stringed Keyboard Instrument Technology. After attending a seminar at the Steinway factory in New York he was accepted for a technician position there, but chose a career of a fortepiano builder instead.
Life and career
In 1986 McNulty moved to Amsterdam and then later to the Czech Republic. Since 1995 he has been living and working as a piano builder in Divisov. His fortepiano replicas are suitable for performing works of Chopin, Liszt, Brahms, Mozart and Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. Classical musicians such as Paul Badura-Skoda, Kristian Bezuidenhout, Ronald Brautigam, Alexei Lubimov that are known for their performances and recordings on period instruments used McNulty's replicas in their concerts or purchased instruments for their own collections.
Paul McNulty was described by the New Grove Dictionary as "famous for the high standards of [his] instruments".
References
Other websites
Paul McNulty's official website
Ronald Brautigam on historical pianos made by Paul McNulty
1953 births
Living people
Piano makers
Johann Pesser

Johann Erik Pesser (7 November 1911 - 12 August 1986) was an Austrian football striker and coach.
Career
From 1930 to 1942 Pesser played SK Rapid Vienna. During this time he played in 146 league matches and scored 44 goals. He played four games for the OFB Cup. Because Austria was occupied in 1938 by Nazi-Germany he played twelve games in the Tschammerpokal and in eleven final round games for the German championship.
International career
He played 8 caps and scored 3 goals for the Austria national football team. After the annexation of Austria by Germany, he earned 12 caps and scored 2 goals for the Germany national football team. He participated in the 1938 FIFA World Cup. and later also managed the team, and also briefly managed the Austria national team.
Manager career
He had a successfull time as coach from 1945 to 1966 . Between 1945 and 1953 he was coach of SK Rapid Wien. He won four championships and one national and one Zentropacup. From 1953 to 1960 he was manager of Wiener Sport-Club. He won two championships. Then he was manager of of SK Admira Wien. During this time he won a championship and two national cups.
He was assistant coachfor the Austrian national team in the 1946/47 season (under Eduard Bauer), 1953/54 (under Walter Nausch) and 1957/58 (under Josef Argauer). During the 1954 World Cup he was assistant coach with Eduard Fruhwirth under Walter Nausch.
Honours
as player
Rapid Wien(4 x Austrian Champion 1935, 1938, 1940, 1941; German Cup 1938; German Champion 1941)
as coach
Rapid Wien(1945-53: 4 x Austrian Champion, 1 x Austrian Cup, 1x Zentropacup)
Wiener Sportklub (1953-1960: 2 x Austrian Champion)
Admira (1 x Austrian Champion, 2 x Austrian Cup)
References
1911 births
1986 deaths
Association football forwards
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
German footballers
SK Rapid Wien players
Austrian football managers
SK Rapid Wien managers
Austria national football team managers
Austrian football forwards
Yambem

Yambem is a Meitei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India. Members of this family have contributed in different fields and development of the state. They belong to the Khuman clan or yek of Meitei people.
References
Meitei surnames
Liga MX

Liga MX, known as the Primera Division de Mexico before the 2012-13 season, is the top football league in Mexico.
Like most football leagues in Latin America, Liga MX divides its season into two phases--Apertura and Clausura (Spanish for "opening" and "closing"), with different champions in each phase. The Apertura is held in the Northern Hemisphere fall (autumn), and the Clausura in spring.
2014-15 Clubs
References
1943 establishments in North America
1940s establishments in Mexico
Football leagues in Mexico
Hugh Morrow (footballer)

Hugh "Hughie" Morrow (9 July 1930 - 28 October 2020) was a Northern Irish footballer and manager. He played in the Football League for West Bromwich Albion and Northampton Town, and in non-league football for Nuneaton Borough, Lockheed Leamington and Kettering Town. He was born in Larne, Northern Ireland.
Morrow died on 27th October 2020 at the age of 90.
References
2020 deaths
1930 births
Northern Irish footballers
Northern Irish football managers
Jared Bernstein

Jared Bernstein (born 1955) is an American economist and politician who has been 31st Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers since 2023. He was a senior fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
From 2009 to 2011, Bernstein was the chief economist and economic adviser to Vice President Joe Biden. In 2021, President Biden picked him to be a Member of the Council of Economic Advisers.
In February 2023, President Biden nominated Bernstein to serve as Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers. On June 13, 2023, the United States Senate invoked cloture on Bernstein's nomination by a 50-49 vote. He was confirmed later that day by a 50-49 vote.
References
1955 births
Living people
American economists
Educators from New York City
Writers from New York City
Politicians from New York City
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
United States Council of Economic Advisers
Regis Pitbull

Regis Fernandes Silva (born 22 September 1976), also known by the nickname Regis or Regis Pitbull, is a Brazilian professional athlete. He is best known as a football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 1||21||4||0||0||4||3||25||7
21||4||0||0||4||3||25||7
21||4||0||0||4||3||25||7
|}
References
Other websites
Sambafoot.com, Regis Pitbull
K-League, http://kleague.com/matchcenter/record_player.aspx?team_id=K10&player_id=2006139
1976 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
La Bazouge-de-Chemeré

La Bazouge-de-Chemere is a commune of 504 people (2006). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
Nikola Pokrivač

Nikola Pokrivac (born 26 November 1985 in Cakovec, Croatia) is a Croatian footballer who plays as defensive midfielder for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.
Career
Pokrivac started to play football with Bratstvo Jurovec, near his hometown. His youthteams were also Cakovec and Varteks Varazdin .In Varazdin he started his professional career which brought him over Dinamo Zagreb, AS Monaco to Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.In this team he plays not regularly, in the 2010/11 season he played eight matches.
International career
Pokrivac has played for the Croatian under-21 national team and has also played at under-17 and under-19 levels. He played 39 matches and scored three goals for all Croatian youth national teams between 2001 and 2006.
On 5 May 2008he became member of the team for the UEFA Euro 2008 finals in Austria and Switzerland, where he only played in the last group match against Poland. His debut was on 24 May 2008 in a friendly match against Moldova in Rijeka, coming forbstitute for Niko Kovac in the 59th minute. Another five matches he played in the qualifying round for the FIFA World Cup 2010.
Honours
Austrian Champion 2010 with Red Bull Salzburg
Croatian Champion 2007 with Dinamo Zagreb
Croatian Cup 2007 with Dinamo Zagreb
References
Other websites
Players profile FC Red Bull Salzburg homepage (German)
Players profile Austrian Soccer Board (German)
Croatian footballers
1985 births
Living people
Croatia at UEFA Euro 2008
Becky Ruehl

Becky Ruehl is a retired diver from USA. Ruehl competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She was born on 23 December 1977.
References
Other websites
1977 births
Living people
American divers
American Olympians
Sportspeople from Kentucky
Ernolsheim-Bruche

Ernolsheim-Bruche is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Masaki Saito

Masaki Saito (born 23 June 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagamihara.
Club career statistics
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Shizuoka||rowspan="3"|Regional Leagues||||||||||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2004||||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2005||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||29||7||0||0||2||0||31||7
|-
|2007||5||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2008||Okinawa Kariyushi||Regional Leagues||10||8||3||3||colspan="2"|-||13||11
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Sagamihara||rowspan="2"|Prefectural Leagues||||||||||||||||
|-
|2009||||||||||||||||
44||15||5||3||2||0||51||18
44||15||5||3||2||0||51||18
|}
References
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
King Lear (1971 USSR movie)

King Lear () is a 1971 Soviet drama movie directed by Grigori Kozintsev. It stars Juri Jarvet, Elza Radzina, and Galina Volchek. The movie is based on William Shakespeare's play King Lear.
Actors
Juri Jarvet as King Lear (voiced by Zinovy Gerdt)
Elza Radzina as Goneril (voiced by Nina Nikitina)
Galina Volchek as Regan
Valentina Shendrikova as Cordelia
Oleg Dahl as Fool
References
Other websites
1971 drama movies
Soviet drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Grigori Kozintsev
Peoria Rivermen

The Peoria Rivermen were an American professional ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey League from 2005 to 2013. They play in Peoria, Illinois at the Carver Arena.
The AHL announced that on June 14, 2013, the Rivermen franchise would relocate to Utica, New York and be known as the Utica Comets for the 2013-14 AHL season.
References
Other websites
Peoria Rivermen Official Site
American Hockey League teams
Defunct American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
St. Louis Blues
2005 establishments in Illinois
2013 disestablishments in the United States
21st-century disestablishments in Illinois
Berthe's mouse lemur

Berthe's mouse lemur or Madame Berthe's mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae) is the smallest mouse lemur and the smallest primate in the world. Its average body length is and seasonal weight is around .
This primate was found in 1992 in the dry Kirindy Forest in western Madagascar. After its discovery genetic studies showed it was as a new species, M. berthae.
This lemur is named after the conservationist and primatologist Berthe Rakotosamimanana of Madagascar, who was the Secretary General of the Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherche des Primates (GERP) from its founding until her death in 2005.
References
Lemuriformes
Mammals of Africa