pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are large molecules where genetic information is stored. There are two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA and ribonucleic acid, better known as RNA.
The nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made of a nitrogenous base, sugar with five carbon atoms and a phosphate group.
Nucleic acids allow organisms to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next. When a cell divides, its DNA is copied and passed from one cell generation to the next generation.
DNA is organized into chromosomes and found within the nucleus of our cells. Its function in any cell is to carry the sequence of bases which will be transcribed into RNA. The function of RNA is much more difficult to explain. One well-known function is for messenger RNA to be translated into proteins, mainly enzymes. But there are other types of RNA, and these are called non-coding RNAs.
Molecular biology
Piode

Piode is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Bill Bullard Jr.

William Bullard Jr. (July 12, 1943 - December 18, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1983 to 1996. He also was a member of the Michigan Senate from 1996 until 2002.
Bullard Jr. died on December 18, 2020 in Pontiac, Michigan from cancer and COVID-19 at the age of 77.
References
1943 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan
Cancer deaths in Michigan
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Detroit
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Péruwelz

Peruwelz is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 16826 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 30 North, 03deg 35 East.
References
Municipalities of Hainaut
Ocean gyre

A gyre is a large system of ocean currents moving in a circle. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis effect. Because the Earth is rotating, ocean currents in the northern hemisphere tend to move in a clockwise direction and currents in the southern hemisphere move in an anti-clockwise direction.
The Coriolis force acts most strongly on the wind, and the wind then creates a torque that tends to spin the ocean currents.
The Earth rotates from the west towards the east, and the Coriolis effect becomes more intense toward the poles. Because of this, gyres form strong currents on the western side of oceans, so they are pushed against the eastern coast of continents. The vorticity (the strength of the torque force) is balanced out by frictional surface currents, which normally act against the spin of the water. However, in the middle of the ocean, the effects of friction are very weak.
The term gyre can be used to mean any type of vortex in the air or the sea, but it is most used in oceanography for the major ocean current systems.
Major gyres
These are the five largest gyres:
Indian Ocean Gyre
North Atlantic Gyre
North Pacific Gyre
South Atlantic Gyre
South Pacific Gyre
Other gyres
Tropical gyres
Tropical gyres tend to be mostly east-west with minor north-south extent.
Atlantic Equatorial Current System
Pacific Equatorial Current System
Indian Monsoon Gyres
Subtropical gyres
The centre of a subtropical gyre is a high pressure area, which the ocean moves around. The high pressure in the centre is due to the westerly winds on the northern side of the gyre and easterly winds on the southern side of the gyre. These cause frictional surface currents towards the latitude at the centre of the gyre.
Subpolar gyres
Subpolar gyres form at high latitudes (around 60deg). The ocean moves around a low pressure area. Surface currents generally move outward from the centre of the system.
Related pages
Cyclone and Anticyclone
Fluid dynamics
Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Whirlpool
References
Other websites
Wind-driven surface currents: Gyres
Physical Geography - Surface and subsurface ocean currents
Oceanography
Tom Parker Bowles

Thomas Henry Charles Parker Bowles (/boUlz/; born 18 December 1974) is a British food writer and food critic.
Work, family and life
Parker Bowles is the author of seven cookbooks and won the Food Writers Guild Award in 2010 for his work on British food.
He is known for being a judge on numerous TV food series and reviewing UK and overseas restaurant dining for GQ, Esquire and The Mail on Sundays.
He is the sibling of Laura Lopes, son of Andrew Parker Bowles and Camilla, Queen Consort and godchild and stepchild of King Charles III.
Living people
1974 births
Writers from London
Martinsburg, Missouri

Martinsburg is a city in Audrain County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Chak Malook

Chak Malook is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32deg58'0N 72deg57'0E.
References
Union Councils of Chakwal District
Joan Mondale

Joan Adams Mondale (nee Adams; August 8, 1930 - February 3, 2014) was the wife of Walter Mondale, the 42nd Vice President of the United States, Presidential candidate, and United States Ambassador to Japan. She was the Second Lady of the United States from 1977 to 1981. She was an advocate for arts and has had the name 'Joan of Art'. She had studied kinds of art, such as Japanese art.
Early life and education
Mondale was born to John Maxwell Adams and Eleanor Jane Hall. She was one of the three daughters in her family. She attended schools in Wallingford, Pennsylvania.
Death
On February 2, 2014, the Mondale family announced that she had entered hospice care for Alzheimer's disease. She died at the hospice from the disease in Minneapolis the following day, surrounded by members of her family.
References
1930 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
People from Eugene, Oregon
People from Minnesota
Second Ladies of the United States
National Anthem of the Republic of China

The national anthem of the Republic of China, also unofficially known as San Min Zhuyi ('The Tridemism'), was originally created by a Sun Yixian speech in 1924 and was set to music by Cheng Maoyun a few years later when the Guomindang adopted new a new flag and emblem. The anthem was later adopted for the Republic of China in 1937, then officially in 1943. A bit later, when the Japanese surrendered, this song became official in the island of Taiwan. When the communists took control of the mainland in 1949, repelling the nationalists to Taiwan, this anthem became banned in the mainland but continues to be in use in Taiwan to this day alongside the national banner anthem.
Lyrics
Official English translation
San Min Chu-i,
Our aim shall be:
To found a free land,
World peace, be our stand.
Lead on, comrades,
Vanguards ye are.
Hold fast your aim,
By sun and star.
Be earnest and brave,
.Your country to save,
One heart, one soul,
One mind, one goal...
References
John Profumo

John Dennis Profumo, CBE (30 January 1915 - 9 March 2006), always known as Jack Profumo, was a British soldier and politician. A scandal, known as the Profumo affair, led to his resignation and withdrawal from politics. It may have damaged the Conservative government of Harold Macmillan. Profumo spent his later life working for charities.
Profumo died of a stroke in London, aged 91.
Life
Profumo's father was a barrister, though the Profumo family's money was in insurance. The family sold the Provident Life Association for PS6 million in the 1980s. Profumo was educated at Harrow and Brasenose College, Oxford. He joined the Army when war was declared, and in 1940 he became the youngest Member of Parliament. His military career is described:
"Profumo had a distinguished military career, being mentioned in dispatches during the North Africa campaign, and being appointed OBE (military) while serving on Field Marshal Alexander's staff in Italy. He was present at the surrender of the German forces in Italy and was later appointed Brigadier and Chief of Staff to the British Liaison Mission to General MacArthur in Japan. He also landed in Normandy on D-Day with an armoured brigade, and took part in the fierce fighting at Caen and in Operation Goodwood".
Affair
Profumo's political career was ruined by a combination of events. He and his wife accepted an invitation from Lord Astor to spend a weekend at his country estate, Clivedon. During that weekend he saw Christine Keeler get out of the swimming pool naked. Profumo asked for her phone number, and they became lovers. Unfortunately for Profumo, she was also having an affair with the Russian naval attache and spy, Yevgeny Ivanov. When MI5 discovered this from a tip-off, Profumo ended the affair. Rumours circulated, and he was directly challenged about his relationship in the House of Commons. In a personal statement to the House of Commons, Profumo denied the accusation. This was perhaps his biggest mistake. He eventually confessed his affair, and resigned from the government and from Parliament.
Profumo was later (1975) awarded the CBE for services to charity.
References
Other websites
Daily Telegraph: Obituary of John Profumo
The Times: Obituary of John Profumo
The Guardian: The Profumo Affair
FBI file on John Profumo
BBC - Former Tory minister Profumo dies
Daily Telegraph: Extracts from Bringing the House Down by David Profumo (son)
1915 births
2006 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British military personnel of World War II
Deaths from stroke
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
People educated at Harrow School
Politicians from London
UK MPs 1950-1951
UK MPs 1951-1955
UK MPs 1955-1959
UK MPs 1959-1964
Air draft

Air draft (or air draught) is the distance from the surface of the water to the highest point on a vessel (a ship or boat).
Ship building
Sharptown, Maryland

Sharptown is a town in Wicomico County, Maryland, United States.
Towns in Maryland
Jacques Fornier

Jacques Fornier (6 November 1926 - 14 November 2020) was a French theatrical actor and director. He founded the Theatre de Bourgogne and led it for 15 years. He also directed the National Theatre of Strasbourg. He was born in Paris. In 1993, he was honored as Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.
Fornier died 14 November 2020 in Paris, aged 94.
References
1926 births
2020 deaths
French theatre directors
French stage actors
Actors from Paris
Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger

Dorothy Marie "Dottie" Metcalf-Lindenburger (born on May 2, 1975 in Colorado Springs, Colorado) is an American astronaut. She works for NASA.
She is married to Jason Metcalf-Lindenburger, who was a 7th grade school teacher at the time.
NASA experience
Metcalf-Lindenburger was selected by NASA in May 2004 and began training. Astronaut Candidate Training includes tours, many scientific and technical meetings, much learning about the Shuttle and International Space Station systems, physiological training, T-38 flight training, and water and wilderness survival training.
She successfully finished this training in February 2006. This qualified her as a NASA Astronaut.
Education
Fort Collins High School, Fort Collins, Colorado.
Bachelor of Arts, Geology with honors and cum laude, Whitman College, Washington, 1997.
Organization
Phi Beta Kappa
National Education Association
Honors
1999 Outstanding Teacher Preparation Candidate at Central Washington University.
1997 Whitman College Leed's Geology Award
1997 Whitman College Order of the Waiilaptu
1996 GSA Field Camp Award
1995-1996 NAIA Academic All-American in Cross Country and Track
1996 NAIA Conference Champion in the 10K.
References
1975 births
Living people
American astronauts
People from Colorado Springs, Colorado
PetSmart

PetSmart Inc. is an American pet supply company. They sell pet supplies and services like grooming and dog training in the United States and Canada. The name PetSmart was made as a pun.
Other websites
Official website
1986 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Arizona
Pets
Mauro Silva

Mauro Silva (born 12 January 1968) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1987||rowspan="3"|Guarani||rowspan="3"|Serie A||0||0
|-
|1988||1||0
|-
|1989||0||0
|-
|1990||rowspan="3"|Bragantino||rowspan="3"|Serie A||18||0
|-
|1991||21||0
|-
|1992||22||0
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="13"|Deportivo La Coruna||rowspan="13"|La Liga||37||0
|-
|1993/94||35||1
|-
|1994/95||6||0
|-
|1995/96||22||0
|-
|1996/97||32||0
|-
|1997/98||31||0
|-
|1998/99||36||0
|-
|1999/00||33||0
|-
|2000/01||31||0
|-
|2001/02||27||0
|-
|2002/03||32||0
|-
|2003/04||27||0
|-
|2004/05||20||0
62||0
369||1
431||1
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1991||13||0
|-
|1992||7||0
|-
|1993||11||0
|-
|1994||11||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||10||0
|-
|1998||4||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
!Total||59||0
|}
References
1968 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson

Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson (11 August 1852 - 2 December 1928) was a British aristocrat. He served as the second Governor-General of Australia from January 1903 to January 1904. Before this, he served as the Governor of South Australia from April 1899 to July 1902.
Tennyson was born in Twickenham, Surrey. His parents were Emily (nee Sellwood) and Alfred Tennyson. He was twice married, and had three sons (two of which died during World War I). He died at Farringford, Freshwater, Isle of Wight, at the age 76.
References
1852 births
1928 deaths
Governors-General of Australia
Governors of South Australia
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
People from Surrey
United Kingdom Barons
Woman (Doja Cat song)

Woman is an Afrobeats/Pop/R&B/Reggae song by American rapper Doja Cat, released on October 1, 2021. The lyrics speak of femininity and feminism. It is a sleeper success, spending several months on the charts until peeking to the top 10 and 5, as it entered in the top 10 in 12 countries, mainly in Europe.
References
Doja Cat songs
Pop songs
R&B songs
Reggae songs
Magnetosphere

A magnetosphere is a region around an astronomical object, such as a planet. It is the region where charged particles are affected by the object's magnetic field. The magnetosphere of the Sun is called the heliosphere. Ions and electrons of the solar wind are deflected by the heliosphere.
Since a magnetosphere is magnetic, it is invisible. However, the Earth's magnetosphere makes the Aurora Borealis. This is what causes the "Northern Lights" that shimmer in the night sky near the North Pole.
The border between magnetospheres is called a magnetopause.
References
Astrophysics
Solar System
National Lampoon's Vacation

National Lampoon's Vacation is a 1983 American comedy movie directed by Harold Ramis and written by John Hughes. It stars Chevy Chase, Beverly D'Angelo, Randy Quaid, John Candy, Anthony Michael Hall, Christie Brinkley, Jane Krakowski and distributed by Warner Bros. and spawned four sequels.
Other websites
1983 comedy movies
1980s road movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Harold Ramis
Warner Bros. movies
Gun turret

A turret is a type of armored weapon used in the military. Like in a Humvee, tanks and many more. A turret is used in many types of tanks.
Weapons
Heineken

Heineken is a Dutch beer (5% abv pale lager) which has been brewed by Heineken International since 1873. It is the flagship product of the Heineken company and is made of processed, impure water, sometimes advertised as purified water, malted barley, hops, and yeast. In 1886 H. Elion finished the development of the Heineken A-yeast, which is still used in the brewing process today. The beer is force carbonated. It is popular worldwide.
Awards
May 1875 -- Medaille d'Or (Gold Medal) at the International Maritime Exhibition in Paris
1883 -- Diplome d'Honneurs (Honorary Diploma) at the International Colonial and Export Exhibition in Amsterdam
1889 -- Grand Prix (Grand Prize) at the Exposition Universelle in Paris
1900 -- Hors Concours Membre du Jury in Paris
References
Beer in Europe
Companies of the Netherlands
Baar, Switzerland

Baar is a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Zug
Cities in Switzerland
Stutzheim-Offenheim

Stutzheim-Offenheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Kotli

Kotli () is the largest town of the Kotli District in Azad Kashmir.
Tehsils of Azad Kashmir
The Last Man on Earth (1964 movie)

The Last Man On Earth is a 1964 post-apocalyptic movie. It is based on the 1954 novel I Am Legend. The Last Man on Earth is in the public domain.
References
1964 horror movies
1960s science fiction movies
American science fiction horror movies
Italian science fiction movies
Italian horror movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Sidney Salkow
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies about viral outbreaks
Movies about solitude
Isono Shrine

Isono Shrine, also known as Isono Shrine, is a Shinto shrine located in Nakano, Saijo City, Ehime Prefecture. The Engishiki Jinmyocho ranked it as a Myojin Taisha, and now it's a Beppyo shrine under the Association of Shinto Shrines. The shrine's emblem is "Goshoguruma" (Yu Suo Che ).
The shrine is famous for dedicating the largest Matsuri floats during the Saijo Festival (Xi Tiao Ji ri). This festival is known for its splendor and takes place in the area. The shrine was formerly known as 'Isonomiya' in the olden days.
Beppyo shrines
Kokuhei Chusha
Myojin Taisha
Coordinates on Wikidata
Iván Hurtado

Ivan Hurtado (born 16 August 1974) is an Ecuadorian football player. He plays for Deportivo Quito and Ecuador national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992||rowspan="4"|Emelec||rowspan="4"|Serie A||28||1
|-
|1993||13||2
|-
|1994||37||5
|-
|1995||24||2
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="4"|Celaya||rowspan="4"|Primera Division||16||1
|-
|1996/97||29||0
|-
|1997/98||31||0
|-
|1998/99||13||1
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Universitario Nuevo Leon||rowspan="3"|Primera Division||14||0
|-
|1999/00||34||0
|-
|2000/01||31||0
|-
|2001||Emelec||Serie A||18||0
|-
|2001/02||Queretaro||Primera Division||14||1
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|Serie A||22||0
|-
|2003||35||2
|-
|2003/04||Real Murcia||La Liga||15||0
|-
|2004/05||Pachuca||Primera Division||26||0
|-
|2005/06||Al-Arabi Doha||Stars League||13||3
|-
|2006/07||Al-Ahli Doha||Stars League||0||0
|-
|2007||Atletico Nacional||Professional Football||38||1
|-
|2008||Barcelona||Serie A||17||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Los Millonarios||rowspan="2"|Professional Football||11||1
|-
|2009||15||1
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Deportivo Quito||rowspan="2"|Serie A||17||0
|-
|2010||||
211||12
208||3
15||0
13||3
64||3
511||21
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1992||5||1
|-
|1993||13||0
|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||10||1
|-
|1996||7||0
|-
|1997||10||1
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||12||0
|-
|2000||11||0
|-
|2001||14||0
|-
|2002||14||1
|-
|2003||10||1
|-
|2004||11||0
|-
|2005||9||0
|-
|2006||7||0
|-
|2007||12||0
|-
|2008||11||0
|-
|2009||8||0
|-
!Total||165||5
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Ecuadorian footballers
Sportspeople from Quito
Branko Lustig

Branko Lustig (10 June 1932 - 14 November 2019) was a Croatian movie producer. He was best known for winning Academy Awards for Best Picture for Schindler's List and Gladiator. He is the only Croatian to win two Academy Awards.
He was a Holocaust survivor and was imprisoned at the Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen camps during World War II as a child.
Lusting died in Zagreb, Croatia of heart failure on 14 November 2019 at the age of 87.
References
Other websites
Academy Award winning producers
1932 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Holocaust survivors
Croatian movie producers
Blaine County, Oklahoma

Blaine County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 11,976 people lived there. Its county seat is Watonga.
Geography
The county has a total area of 939 square miles.
Oklahoma counties
1890 establishments in Oklahoma Territory
Jumper

Jumper was a pop group in Kristinehamn, Sweden. The group active between 1996 and 2001. The group scored single chart successes in Sweden with songs like Nar hela varlden star utanfor, Tapetklister, Valkommen hit and Miljonar.
The band won a 1996 Rockbjornen award in the category "Swedish group of the year".
Members
Niklas Hillbom - song and guitar
Preben Rydin - guitar and chorus
Martin Andersson - bass and chorus
Jonas Moberg - drums
Jan "Linda" Lindstrom - guitar, piano, organ and chorus
References
2001 disestablishments in Europe
Musical groups established in 1996
Swedish pop music groups
Rebecca

Rebecca [ ri-bek-uh ] is a female name. It is the name of Isaac's wife in the Book of Genesis. (Chapter 24). Rebecca is a moniker that has enjoyed widespread popularity for centuries and boasts a fascinating backstory and significance. Its Hebrew roots give it the meaning of "to tie, to bind, to snare," stemming from the term "Ribqah," which signifies "to bind firmly." Additionally, the name is linked to the biblical figure of Rebecca, who was Isaac's spouse and the mother of Jacob and Esau. It is a popular name for girls in English speaking countries. Nicknames include Becky, Becca, Beck, And Bex/Becks.
The name Rebecca is the English translation Of the name rbkh (Rivka). This name was ranked #304 on the US Popular Names in 2021.
People
Rebecca Black, American singer
Rebecca De Mornay, American actress
Rebecca Hall, British actress
Rebecca Quin, real name of American professional wrestler Becky Lynch
Rebecca Romijn, American actress
Rebecca Sealfon, American writer
Rebecca St. James, Australian singer
Rebecca, a film directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Rebecca Ferguson, Swedish actress
Rebecca Shelley, American pacifist
References
Given names
Dexter (TV series)

Dexter is an American television series that was shown on Showtime network. It is based on the book Darkly Dreaming Dexter written by Jeff Lindsay. The show tells a story about a serial killer, Dexter Morgan, who works as a forensics analyst for the police in Miami. The main actor of the show is Michael C. Hall.
Other websites
Dexter French website
Dexter at the EPisodeWorld
2006 American television series debuts
2013 American television series endings
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American crime drama television series
Miami in fiction
Police television series
Television series set in Florida
English-language television programs
Levittown, Pennsylvania

Levittown is a census-designated place (CDP) and planned community in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States, within the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The population was 52,983 at the 2010 census.
References
Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Kupferhof Bauschenberg

The Kupferhof Bauschenberg was a brass producing factory built in the 17th century in the German city of Stolberg. It had a great influence on the brass industry which made Stolberg world leader in brass production for more than a century.
Due to the excellent conditions for the production of the alloy brass there could hardly be a better place to choose than Stolberg. Located near the small river Vichtbach the water wheels could easily be powerded. Calamine was delivered by the oar mines from nearby Breinigerberg and wood for firing the furnaces had been available in adequate quantities in the forests of the Eifel. This must be the reason why Gottfried Schardinel, one of the richest persons at that time in the region of Stolberg built the Kupferhof Bauschenberg.
Later the three factories Kupferhof Bauschenberg, Dollartshammer as well as Strassburger Hof fusionated to create the company Prym.
Literature
Karl Schleicher: Geschichte der Stolberger Messingindustrie. (=Beitrage zur Stolberger Geschichte und Heimatkunde, Heft 6, 1956, hsg. von der Stadtbucherei Stolberg (Rhld.)) {de}
Companies of Germany
17th-century establishments in Germany
La Riba de Escalote

La Riba de Escalote is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
Jun Enomoto

is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Tokyo||J. League 2||8||0||||||||||||
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||||||||||||
|-
|2001||1||0||||||||||||
10||1||||||||||||
10||1||||||||||||
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Invasion (2014 movie)

Invasion () is a 2014 Panamanian Argentine documentary movie directed by Abner Benaim. It is based on the invasion of Panama in 1989.
Other websites
2014 movies
2010s documentary movies
Panamanian movies
2010s Argentine movies
NARAL Pro-Choice America

NARAL Pro-Choice America, or just NARAL, is an American non-profit organization. It is a 501(c)(4) group. It engages in lobbying and political action. It also works to go against restrictions on abortion and expand access to it, birth control, paid parental leave and pregnancy discriminations.
NARAL is associated with the NARAL Pro-Choice America Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization. They're also associated with the NARAL Pro-Choice America PAC, a political action committee.
NARAL was founded in 1969. It is the oldest abortion rights advocacy group in the United States.
References
Non-profit organizations of the United States
1969 establishments in the United States
David Niven

David Niven (March 1, 1910 - July 29, 1983) was an English actor. He won the Academy Award for "Best Actor" for his role in the movie Separate Tables in 1958. Originally, he was the actor who was to play the first James Bond, but the producers later decided to give the role to Sean Connery instead. Some of the movies that he was in include The Pink Panther, Around the World in 80 Days, The Guns of Navarone, and Casino Royale.
Niven started his career as an extra. He died of motor neurone disease.
Other websites
1910 births
1983 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from London
Actors who played James Bond
Actors who played M
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Disease-related deaths in Switzerland
English movie actors
English television actors
Extras
Golden Globe Award winning actors
British Rail Class 87

The British Rail Class 87 is a type of electric locomotive built from 1973 to 1975 by British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL). 36 of these locomotives were built to work passenger services over the West Coast Main Line (WCML). They were the flagships of British Rail's electric locomotive fleet until the late 1980s, when the Class 90s started to come onstream. The privatisation of British Rail saw all but one of the fleet transferred to Virgin Trains; they continued their duties until the advent of the new Pendolino trains, when they were transferred to other operators or withdrawn. The last Class 87 in UK mainline use was withdrawn from service on 31 December 2007. Most have now been sold for reuse in Bulgaria.
87
BREL locomotives
Lincolnville, Maine

Lincolnville is a town in Waldo County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Emmanuel Rakotovahiny

Emmanuel Rakotovahiny (16 August 1938 - 1 July 2020) was a Malagasy politician. He was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1995 to 1996. He was a close ally of Albert Zafy. He was the President of the National Union for Democracy and Development (UNDD).
On 6 October 2009, he was designated to become Vice-President of Madagascar as part of an agreement intended to resolve the 2009 political crisis.
Rakotovahiny died on 1 July 2020 from heart disease, aged 81.
References
2020 deaths
1938 births
Deaths from heart disease
Prime Ministers of Madagascar
Salvador (ship)

The Salvador was a ship that sank in the Sea of Marmara on 12 December 1940. It was carrying Jewish emigrants from Bulgaria. The ship sank next to the beach of Silivri, Turkey. There were 238 Jews, 3 crew members, and 2 volunteers on board -204 passengers {including 66 children} were lost. Of 123 survivors-63 were sent back of Bulgaria; the rest resided in Istanbul and were on the immigrant ship Darien II which was intercepted by the British March 29, 1941; the emigrants were interred in Atlit for a year and half. In 1964, the 223 bodies were buried in the National Civil Cemetery of the State of Israel at Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. Twenty-one of the bodies were not identified. A memorial for all of the victims was built beside the graves.
Other websites
The story of the Salvador at zionism-israel.com
1940
Bulgaria
Burials at Mount Herzl
Disasters in the 1940s
1940s in Israel
Shipwrecks
December events
Television

A television set (also known as a television receiver or televisor or simply a television, TV set, TV receiver or TV) is a machine with a screen or set of lenses. Televisions receive broadcasting signals and change them into pictures and sound. The word "television" comes from the words tele (Greek for far away) and vision (sight).
Sometimes a television can look like a box. Older TVs had a large cathode ray tube in a large wooden frame and sat on the floor like furniture. Newer TVs are much lighter and flatter.
A TV can show pictures from many television networks. Computers and mobile devices also can be used for watching television programs.
The television was invented in the 1920s but the equipment was expensive and the pictures were poor. By the 1950s, these problems had been fixed and TVs became widespread.
At first, all televisions used an antenna (or aerial). This would pick up television programmes from broadcasting stations. A TV station could be many miles or kilometers away, and still be received. TVs can also show movies from VCD and DVD players or VCRs. Cable TV and Satellite television can provide more programs at once than broadcast can. Video game consoles connect to most modern TVs. Some computers can also use a TV as a computer monitor.
All TVs have screens where the picture is viewed. Before the 1950s these were usually "black and white", which made everything look grey, but all modern TVs show colors. Most 20th century screens also had rounded corners. That is because television screens were cathode ray tubes. These are like heavy glass jars with one side bulging out to form the screen.
Today flat panel displays are the usual kind. These are usually flat rectangles with straight edges. This long rectangle looks more like the shape of a movie theatre screen. This is called widescreen. If a widescreen set was 30 cm tall, it would be 53 cm wide. For this to work best, TV shows also need to be made in widescreen. Widescreen sets can still be any size, but they have the same widescreen shape.
The early 21st century is also when digital television transmission became more common than analog television.
Home appliances
George H. Kerr

George H. Kerr (November 7, 1911 - August 27, 1992), also known in Taiwan as Ge Chao Zhi (or Ke Qiao Zhi ), was an American diplomat, author and academic.
Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Kerr, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 270 works in 870+ publications in 11 languages and 12,800+ library holdings.
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Du Pont romance, a reminiscent narrative of E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and company, 1938
Ryukyu Kingdom and Province before 1945, 1953
Okinawa, the history of an island people, 1958
Formosa betrayed, 1965
Formosa: licensed revolution and the home rule movement, 1895-1945, 1974
Bibliography of the Ryukyus, 1961
Liu Qiu Wen Xian Mu Lu (Bibliography of the Ryukyus), 1962
The Taiwan confrontation crisis, 1985
Notes
Other websites
George H. Kerr Papers at the Online archive of California
Formosa Betrayed full text in PDF
1911 births
1992 deaths
American diplomats
American historians
Ribose

Ribose is a five-carbon sugar. It is found in RNA (ribonucleic acid).
D-Ribose is taken as a herbal supplement. Victims of fibromyalgia often report reduced pain and increased energy with little or no side effects.
Monosaccharides
Isabelle Weingarten

Isabelle Weingarten (18 April 1950 - 3 August 2020) was a French actress, model, and photographer. She was born in Paris. Her first movie role was in Four Nights of a Dreamer.
She also starred in The Mother and the Whore in 1973. She began working for Cahiers du Cinema in 1986. In 2008, she began studying the works of her father, Romain Weingarten, poet and playwright.
Wiengarten was married to Benjamin Baltimore from 1968 to 1978. She then married Wim Wenders, who she divorced in 1983. Lastly, she was married to Olivier Assayas until their divorce in 1996.
Weingarten died on 3 August 2020 at the age of 70.
References
1950 births
2020 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
French photographers
French models
Actors from Paris
Busy, Doubs

Busy is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Bakerloo line

The Bakerloo line () is a line of the London Underground. It is coloured brown on the Tube map. It runs partly on the surface and partly at deep level, from Elephant & Castle in south-east to Wealdstone in north-west of London. The lines serves 25 stations of which 15 are underground. The line is around long.
The line gets its name because it goes through the stations Baker Street tube station and Waterloo tube station. North of Queens Park, the line runs next to the West Coast Main Line.
Stations
Note: For the former Stanmore branch of the Bakerloo line, see the Jubilee line article.
Extension to Camberwell
The extension to Camberwell was a plan to extend the Bakerloo Line. The project was to start at the late 1940s, but they cancelled it for an unknown reason. Then in the 21st century, they revised the extension plan and proposed it again. So far, nothing has been agreed. The 1940s version of the extension had two stations. One rumour of why they cancelled the project was because Camberwell was quite a bad location to do further extensions.
Former Stations
Watford Branch
Between 1917 and 1982, Bakerloo line trains continued along the DC line past Harrow & Wealdstone to Watford Junction. These stations continue to be served by London Overground.
Stanmore branch
The Stanmore branch was originally constructed by the Metropolitan Railway (now the Metropolitan line) and was transferred to the Bakerloo line in 1939. It was transferred to the Jubilee line on 1 May 1979. It connected to the main line at Baker Street.
Stanmore
Canons Park
Queensbury
Kingsbury
Wembley Park
Neasden
Dollis Hill
Willesden Green
Kilburn
West Hampstead
Finchley Road
Swiss Cottage
St. John's Wood
Map
The TFL line diagram is available online
References
London Underground lines
1906 establishments in England
Transport in the London Borough of Southwark
Transport in the London Borough of Lambeth
Transport in the City of Westminster
Transport in the London Borough of Brent
Transport in the London Borough of Harrow
Glencoe, Oklahoma

Glencoe is a town of Oklahoma in the United States.
Towns in Oklahoma
Nicolás de Ovando

Nicolas de Ovando (Brozas, 1460 - Seville, 1511) was a Spanish soldier from a noble family and a knight of the Order of Alcantara. He was governor of Hispaniola from 1502 until 1509.
Early life
Nicolas de Ovando was born in 1460 in the town of Brozas, in Extremadura, Spain. His family was very religious and, when young, he joined the military religious Order of Alcantara where, in 1478, he was named Comendador de Lares (Commander of Lares), a very important position in the Order.
Governor of Hispaniola
As Commander of Lares, he was very appreciated by the Spanish Catholic Kings and, in particular, by Queen Isabella. On 3 September 1501 (Oviedo said in 1502), he was named as Governor of Hispaniola and of all lands discovered in America.
On 13 February, 1502 he went out of the port of Sanlucar de Barrameda, Spain to go to the Hispaniola island with a fleet of 32 ships. On the fleet, there were 2,500 people, including priests, soldiers and colonists (some of them with their families), who were going to live in the Hispaniola. Among those colonists was Bartolome de las Casas, later known as the Protector of the Indians, and also Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Inca Empire.
The plan of Ovando was to develop the West Indies economically and expand the Spanish influence in the region.
Ovando got in Santo Domingo on 15 April 1502.
Administration
The administration of Ovando in Hispaniola was one of great cruelty toward the Taino Indians. When the Spaniards came to the island in 1492, the native population was 400,000 (estimated) but in 1508 there were only 60,000 Indians.
Because the new colonists needed more workers for the gold mines and farms, they brought, as slaves, Indians from the Lucayas (now, the Bahamas) islands. Then they brought slaves from Spain (Ladinos, that is, of Africa origin but born in Spain); those were the first African slaves brought to America.
Ovando founded several cities (or ordered their foundations) on Hispaniola, among them: Compostela de Azua (or Azua de Compostela), Santa Maria de la Vera Paz, Bayaja (today, Fort Liberte, in Haiti), Salvatierra de la Sabana (today, Les Cayes, in Haiti), Salvaleon de Higuey, Cotui, Puerto Plata, Santa Cruz de Hicayagua (today, Santa Cruz del Seibo, Dominican Republic).
Ovando sent Andres Morales to explore completely the Hispaniola island. Morales made the most complete map of the island. Sebastian de Ocampo was sent to find out if Cuba was an island or part of the continent; after 8 or 10 months, Ocampo came back with the information that Cuba was an island. In 1508, Juan Ponce de Leon was sent with 50 men to conquer the island of San Juan (now the island of Puerto Rico).
In 1509, Ovando went back to Spain where he was made Comendador Mayor ("Head Commander") of the Order of Alcantara. During a meeting of the Order in Seville, Spain, he died on 29 May 1511 (Oviedo said in 1518). He was buried in the Church of San Benito, in the city of Alcantara, Extremadura, Spain.
References
1460 births
1511 deaths
History of the Dominican Republic
16th century in Spain
People from Extremadura
Spanish military people
History of Haiti
Gelderland

Gelderland or Guelders is a province in the east of the Netherlands. The capital city is Arnhem, but Nijmegen and Apeldoorn are bigger. Other important cities are Zutphen, Doetinchem, Harderwijk and Tiel. About 2,097,000 people are living in Gelderland (2021).
It is surrounded by the provinces of Limburg, North Brabant, South Holland, Utrecht, Flevoland and Overijssel and the German federal state North Rhine-Westphalia.
The most important rivers are the Rhine (Rijn), the Waal, the IJssel and the Maas (border with North Brabant). The border with Flevoland is formed by the so-called randmeer ("border lake") of the Flevopolder.
History
In the 11th century, Guelders was a county. It was called Gelre in Dutch and Geldern in German. In 1339, it became a duchy. At first, it existed of the surroundings of the city of Geldern (now in Germany). By the end of the 14th century, it included most of the modern province of Gelderland and parts of the province of Limburg and of the German District of Cleves. It became part of the Habsburg Netherlands in 1543, one of the Seventeen Provinces.
Other websites
interactive province map
another map, more up-to-date, but the map is not interactive
Detailed map
Check on It

"Check on It" is an R&B song written by Beyonce Knowles, Kasseem Dean, Sean Garrett, Angela Beyince, and Stayve Thomas for the soundtrack to the 2006 movie The Pink Panther, in which Beyonce co-stars. Although not included on its soundtrack album (because it only contains the movies scores), the song is included on Destiny's Child's greatest hits album #1's and on selected non-U.S. versions of Knowles' second studio album, B'Day. It was produced by Knowles and Swizz Beatz.
Formats and track listing
CD single
Album version - 3:34
Instrumental - 3:31
Bama Boyz After Dark remix - 4:15
Bama Boyz remix - 3:54
Grizz remix - 3:19
Gantman Juke mix - 4:21
Music video
When demand was growing for the song, Knowles shot a music video serving as promotion for both #1's and The Pink Panther. The video was directed by Hype Williams, and was premiered on December 16 2005. The remix of the song in the music video features a remix of "The Pink Panther Theme" and a rap from Bun B. The video has a pink theme, with Knowles shown in mostly all pink (to fit in with The Pink Panther), and the dancers wear pink PVC jackets and dance around rippling pink satin sheets. The video cuts to Knowles wearing a pink polka dot corset against a hot magenta polka dot wall. Where black bars normally appear on a 4:3 (full screen) television showing a widescreen production, footage is displayed of pink curtains moving in the background.
"Check on It" won the 2006 MTV Video Music Award for "Best R&B Video" on August 31, 2006.
Charts
References
Destiny's Child songs
Beyonce songs
2005 songs
Alexander Imich

Alexander Imich (February 4, 1903 - June 8, 2014) PhD, was a Polish-born American chemist, parapsychologist, and supercentenarian. He was the president of the Anomalous Phenomena Research Center in New York City. He was born in Czestochowa, Poland (then a part of Russian Empire) in 1903. He was of Jewish descent.
At age 111, Imich was the world's oldest living man since the death of Arturo Licata on April 24, 2014. He was one of the few supercentenarians known for reasons other than longevity.
He died on June 8, 2014 peacefully at 9:03 AM from natural causes at the age of 111.
References
1903 births
2014 deaths
American chemists
American supercentenarians
Jewish American scientists
Jewish supercentenarians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American parapsychologists
Polish Jews
Polish scientists
Refugees from Nazism
C. N. R. Rao

Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao, (born 30 June 1934), is an Indian chemist. He has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry. He has written around 1,774 research publications and 56 books. He seen as a scientist who had won all possible awards in his field except the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
References
1934 births
Living people
Indian scientists
Indian writers
Indian educators
Chemists
Walleye

Walleye (Sander vitreus) is a freshwater perciform fish native to most of Canada and to the northern United States.
It is a North American close relative of the European pikeperch.
The walleye is sometimes also called the yellow walleye to distinguish it from the blue walleye, which is an extinct subspecies formerly found in the southern Great Lakes.
References
Boyd Huppert (December 7, 2004). "Walleye or Zander? What are you really eating?" KARE.
FishBase information on Walleye
Other websites
Nativefish.org article about the blue walleye
Information about Sander vitreus from the University of Minnesota
Edible fish
Perciformes
Freshwater fish
Hyperion (moon)

Hyperion is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered on September 16, 1848 by William Cranch Bond, George Phillips Bond and William Lassell. It is irregular in shape, and has a sponge-like appearance. It is the second largest irregular (i.e. not spherical) moon in the Solar System, the largest being Proteus. It was the first non-spherical moon discovered. Its rotation is chaotic, meaning its axis of rotation wobbles, unlike how the Earth and the Moon rotate, or any other moon in the Solar System.
Saturn's moons
Voulpaix

Voulpaix is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Ronsecco

Ronsecco is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam

The Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam (MULTA) is an Islamist extremist organization founded around 1996 in the North-east Indian state of Assam. MULTA wants Muslims to be represented is the state government legislature. It has about 1000 members who have declared a jihad against the Indian Government.
References
Islamic organizations
Islamic terrorism
Islam in India
Organizations based in Assam
Logan Square, Chicago

Logan Square is an official community area, historical neighborhood, and public square. It is in northwest Chicago. The Logan Square community area is one of the 77 community areas.
The Logan Square neighborhood, within the Logan Square community area, is centered on the public square with the same name at the three-way intersection of Milwaukee Avenue, Logan Boulevard and Kedzie Boulevard.
The area is has well known historical boulevards, stately greystones and large bungalow-style homes.
Other websites
Bucktown Community Organization
The Northwest Chicago Historical Society's history of Bucktown
Logan Square Preservation
Logan Square Chamber of Commerce
Logan Square Neighborhood Association
Wicker Park & Bucktown Chamber of Commerce
Palmer Square
Community areas of Chicago
Rights of Englishmen

The Rights of Englishmen is an assumed group of rights that had its roots in the basic rights granted in the Magna Carta. The idea reached its peak during the British settlement of North America. By this time colonial Englishmen felt they were entitled to certain additional rights and liberties. These were over and above those already granted them by the English Monarchy. One of these perceived rights was the idea of no taxation without representation. This was a grievance of British colonists who believed that they were not directly represented in the British Parliament. They believed that any laws it passed affecting the colonists (such as the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act) were illegal under the Bill of Rights 1689, and were a denial of their rights as Englishmen. This led to the American Revolution and is expressed in the Declaration of Independence as "certain unalienable rights". They stopped thinking of themselves as Englishman and became Americans.
References
Human rights
Colonial Americans
Torteron

Torteron is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. About 793 people lived there in January 2019.
Population
References
Communes in Cher