pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Zimbabwe at the Olympics

Zimbabwe was first at the Olympic Games in 1980. They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then. They first attended the Winter Olympic Games in 2014.
The National Olympic Committee for Zimbabwe was formed in 1934 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1980.
Medalists
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
Rhodesia at the Olympics
References
Other websites
Zimbabwe profile at London2012.com
Sport in Zimbabwe
Nations at the Olympics
Monticello

Monticello was the home of President Thomas Jefferson. It is near Charlottesville, Virginia. It is now a National Historic Landmark.
It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
History
Jefferson designed the house based on the principles of Andrea Palladio. Construction began in 1768. Jefferson moved in two years later. He remodelled the house after picking up ideas in Europe. The house is located on a peak in the Southwest Mountains. Its name is Italian for "Little Mountain". Slave quarters were located 300 feet south of the house on Mulberry Row. These quarters were occupied by slaves working in the house. The slaves working in the fields lived in another place. A cabin on Mulberry Row was once the home of Sally Hemings. She was a slave who had a long relationship with Jefferson after his wife died. She gave birth to six of his children. An image of the house has appeared on the United States nickel and on the two-dollar bill. Monticello became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. It has been owned and operated by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation since 1923.
Gallery
Panoramas
Related pages
List of World Heritage Sites in the United States
References
Other websites
Thomas Jefferson's Monticello, official site
The Monticello Explorer, an interactive multimedia look at the house
Thomas Jefferson Wiki
Monticello Association, private lineage society of Jefferson descendants
Tour Experience of Monticello
Jefferson's Dome at Monticello
A photographic collection of Thomas Jefferson's architecture
"Thomas Jefferson Lived Here." Popular Mechanics, August 1954, pp. 97-103/212.
"Life Portrait of Thomas Jefferson", broadcast from Monticello
Presidential homes in the United States
World Heritage Sites in the United States
1772 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Virginia
Júlio Chaves

Julio Chaves (28 December 1944 - 10 August 2021) was a Brazilian voice actor. He was known for voice dubbing many actors in Portuguese such as Rowan Atkinson, Andy Garcia, Mel Gibson, Dustin Hoffman, Jeremy Irons, and Tommy Lee Jones. He was the Brazilian voice of Marlin in the Pixar movies Finding Nemo (2003) and its sequel, Finding Dory (2016).
Chaves died from COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro on 10 August 2021, at the age of 76.
References
Other websites
1944 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Brazilian actors
Brazilian voice actors
José Arraño

Jose Santos Arrano Acevedo (14 October 1921 - 24 November 2009) was a famous writer and historian from Pichilemu, mostly known for his books on the history of the city.
Biography
Life
Arrano was one of the 12 sons of Jose Luis Arrano Ortiz and Maria Soledad Acevedo Caro.
During his childhood he lived in Pichilemu, and he later went to study in Los Hermanos Maristas School in San Fernando and the Pontifical Seminary of Santiago.
He was a collaborator of the Santiago's press through articles devoted to Pichilemu and Colchagua, publishing in newspapers such as Las Ultimas Noticias or La Epoca and in dozens of other regional newspapers, taking Arrano Acevedo as the most important historian of Pichilemu and the most dedicated to promote Pichilemu's tourism. All his articles were included in two books: Pichilemu y Sus Alrededores Turisticos and Hombres y Cosas de Pichilemu. He habitually read his articles in his radial program, that was broadcasted for almost a decade, La Hora de Jose Arrano Acevedo.
During this time, one of his quotes became famous:
Death
On November 21, 2009 he was taken to Pichilemu Hospital, and died three days later of pneumonia at the age of 88.
His funeral was held in Pichilemu's Inmaculada Concepcion Parish, from November 24 until November 25, 2009, and he was buried November 25, 2009 in the Pichilemu cemetery.
Books
Pichilemu y Sus Alrededores Turisticos, 1999.
Hombres y Cosas de Pichilemu, 2003.
Related pages
List of historians by continent
References
1921 births
2009 deaths
Chilean historians
People from Pichilemu
Bolívar (state)

Bolivar is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital city is Ciudad Bolivar.
States of Venezuela
Mark Spitz

Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10, 1950) is an American retired swimmer of Jewish descent. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. That achievement was only passed by Michael Phelps who won eight golds at the 2008 Olympics.
References
Other websites
1950 births
Living people
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
American swimmers
Jewish American sportspeople
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from California
Martha Gunn

Martha Gunn (1726-1815) was a famous dipper in Brighton, England. She was a favourite of the then Prince of Wales, the future George IV.
Career
Martha's work as a dipper or bather involved running a bathing machine. She would have pushed this type of machine in and out of the sea. She would have also been responsible for helping the bather who is using the machine to get into and out of the water. It involved a lot physical activity. Her job was something that suited her large build. Martha was a dipper for around 70 years. She was forced to retire through ill-health in 1814.
Fame
Martha was famous in Brighton and throughout the country. In one of the national newspapers she was addressed as, "The Venerable Priestess of the Bath". She appeared in a a number of engravings, one of which showed her repelling a French invasion with a mop.
In another engraving, Martha is seen with the future George IV and his companion Maria Fitzherbet. She was a favourite of the future King, so much so that she had free access to the royal kitchens at the Pavilion. A portrait by John Russell of Martha is displayed in the Brighton Royal Pavilion's tea-room.
Personal life
Martha lived at 36 East Street in Brighton. The house still stands. Martha died in 1815 and is buried in the cemetery of Brighton's oldest church, St. Nicholas' Church. Her burial plot has a guarded headstone.
References
1726 births
1815 deaths
People from Brighton
Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park

The Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park is a protected area in Central Georgia. It is southwest of Georgia's capital, Tblisi.
It is one of the largest national parks in Georgia. It includes 6 municipalities - Borjomi, Kharagauli, Akhaltsikhe, Adigeni, Khashuri and Baghdati.
National parks
Geography of Georgia (country)
Adair, Oklahoma

Adair is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Neil Karnik

Neil Anant Karnik is a Singaporean cricketer. Neil plays for the Singapore cricket team.
References
Other websites
2004 births
Living people
Manuel Esquivel

Sir Manuel Amadeo Esquivel, KCMG, PC (2 May 1940 - 10 February 2022) is a Belizean politician. He was the leader of the United Democratic Party from 1983 to 30 August 1998. As Leader of the United Democratic Party, Esquivel was Prime Minister of Belize first from 17 December 1984 to 7 September 1989, and then again from 3 July 1993 to 30 August 1998.
He died on 10 February 2022, aged 81.
References
1940 births
2022 deaths
Prime Ministers of Belize
Abdullah Abdullah

Abdullah Abdullah (born 5 September 1960) is an Afghan politician. He served as Foreign Minister of Afghanistan from October 2001 to April 2005. He unsuccessfully ran for President of Afghanistan in 2019.
Following the collapse of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, on 17 August 2021, leader of the Taliban-affiliated Hezb-e-Islami party Gulbuddin Hekmatyar met with both Abdullah and Karzai in Doha wanting to form a government. Former President Ashraf Ghani said that he supported such negotiations.
References
1960 births
Living people
Afghan politicians
People from Kabul
X (Kylie Minogue album)

X is the tenth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. It is her first album released since the compilation Ultimate Kylie (2004), and her first studio album since Body Language (2003). The album was released on 21 November 2007 by Parlophone Records.
Track listing
Other websites
X on Kylie Minogue's official website
2007 albums
Kylie Minogue albums
Dance-pop albums
El Mercurio de Valparaíso

El Mercurio de Valparaiso is the oldest newspaper of Chile, and the oldest one in the world in Spanish language that is still being published -the first newspaper in Chile was La Aurora de Chile. It is from Valparaiso, and it was founded in 1827 by typographers Thomas G. Wells, Ignacio Silva Medina and Pedro Felix Vicuna. The first edition was published in September 12, 1827.
It is claimed that newspaper El Peruano is the oldest one in Spanish language.
References
Other websites
El Mercurio de Valparaiso homepage
Newspapers in South America
Spanish-language newspapers
Valparaiso
1827 establishments
19th-century establishments in Chile
1820s establishments in South America
John Brodie

John Riley Brodie (born August 14, 1935) is a former American football player, a quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) for seventeen seasons. He had a second career as a Senior PGA Tour professional golfer, and was a television broadcaster for both sports.
References
Other websites
Sports Reference - collegiate statistics - John Brodie
1935 births
Living people
San Francisco 49ers players
American golfers
American television presenters
Sportspeople from California
People from Menlo Park, California
Electoral district of Pumicestone

Pumicestone is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 2001.
Pumicestone is in Brisbane.
Election results
References
Pumicestone
Molly Bobak

Molly Bobak (born Molly Lamb; February 25, 1919 - March 2, 2014) was a Canadian teacher, writer, printmaker and painter. During World War II, she was the first Canadian woman artist into be sent to a battlefield to see Canada's war effort.
Bobak was born Molly Lamb in Vancouver, British Columbia. She studied at Vancouver School of Art. Bobak died in Fredericton, New Brunswick from natural causes, aged 95.
References
1919 births
2014 deaths
Canadian painters
People from Vancouver
Chung Sye-kyun

Chung Sye-kyun () is a South Korean politician. He was the 42nd Prime Minister of South Korea from January 2020 until April 2021. From 2016 to 2018, he was Speaker of the National Assembly of South Korea.
References
1950 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of South Korea
Speakers of the National Assembly (South Korea)
Tamaki Uchiyama

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Uchiyama was born in Hyogo Prefecture on December 13, 1972. She played for Tasaki Kobe (1989-1991) and Prima Ham FC Kunoichi (1992-1999). At Prima Ham FC Kunoichi, the club won the Nadeshiko League championship 2 times in 1995 and 1999. She was also selected Best Eleven 2 times (1995 and 1999).
In May 1991, when Uchiyama was 18 years old, she was selected the Japan national team for 1991 AFC Championship in Fukuoka. At this competition, on May 26, she debuted against North Korea. She also played at 1994, 1998 Asian Games, 1995, 1997 and 1999 AFC Championship. She was also a member of Japan for 1991, 1995, 1999 World Cup and 1996 Summer Olympics. She played 58 games and scored 26 goals for Japan until 1999.
Statistics
References
Other websites
1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Hyogo Prefecture
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
Tasaki Perule FC players
Iga FC Kunoichi Mie players
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
1991 FIFA Women's World Cup players
1995 FIFA Women's World Cup players
1999 FIFA Women's World Cup players
1991 AFC Women's Championship players
1995 AFC Women's Championship players
1997 AFC Women's Championship players
1999 AFC Women's Championship players
Footballers at the 1994 Asian Games
Footballers at the 1998 Asian Games
Asian Games medalists in football
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
UK City of Culture

UK City of Culture is a national award given every four years to a city in the United Kingdom. It recognises outstanding celebrations of culture. Past winners include Coventry and Hull. The award has been given since 2009. It was started by the Culture Secretary of the UK at the time, Andy Burnham Several cities are nominated in each competition, then they compete to show why they should win the award.
References
Other websites
Coventry City of Culture
British awards
Oman national football team

Oman national football team is the national football team of Oman.
References
Asian national football teams
Sport in Oman
Single-camera setup

The single-camera setup, or single-camera mode of production, also known as Portable Single camera is a method of filmmaking and video production.
The single-camera setup originally developed during the birth of the Classic Hollywood Cinema in the 1910s and has remained the standard mode of production for cinema; in television, both single cameras and multiple-camera productions are common.
Movies
Waldo, Maine

Waldo is a town in Waldo County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Heart of Glass (song)

"Heart of Glass" is a 1979 song by American band Blondie. It was their third single from their third studio album Parallel Lines. It topped the single charts in Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, New Zealand, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2015.
Track listings and formats
UK 7" (CHS 2275)
"Heart of Glass" (Debbie Harry, Chris Stein) - 4:12
"Rifle Range" (Stein, Ronnie Toast) - 3:37
UK 12" (CHS 12 2275)
"Heart of Glass" (Disco Version) (Harry, Stein) - 5:50
"Heart of Glass" (Instrumental) (Harry, Stein) - 5:17
"Rifle Range" (Stein, Toast) - 3:37
Italy 12" (9198 107)
"Heart of Glass" (Long Disco-Version) (Harry, Stein - edited by R. Thorpe) - 9:00
"Heart of Glass" (Vocal) (Harry, Stein) - 5:50
"Heart of Glass" (Instrumental) (Harry, Stein) - 5:20
US 7" (CHS 2295)
"Heart of Glass" (Harry, Stein) - 3:22
"11:59" (Jimmy Destri) - 3:20
US 12" (CDS 2275)
"Heart of Glass" (Disco Version) (Harry, Stein) - 5:50
"Heart of Glass" (Instrumental) (Harry, Stein) - 5:17
US 1995 Remix CD (7243 858387 2 9)
"Heart of Glass" (Diddy's Remix Edit) - 3:57 *
"Heart of Glass" (Original Single Version) - 4:12
"Heart of Glass" (MK 12" Mix) - 7:16
"Heart of Glass" (Richie Jones Club Mix) - 8:42
"Heart of Glass" (Diddy's Adorable Illusion Mix) - 7:33
UK 1995 Remix CD (7243 882236 2 1)
"Heart of Glass" (Diddy's Adorable Edit) - 3:57
"Heart of Glass" (Diddy's Adorable Illusion Mix) - 7:33
"Heart of Glass" (Richie Jones Club Mix) - 8:42
"Heart of Glass" (MK 12" Mix) - 7:16
"Heart of Glass" (Original 12" Mix) - 5:50 **
This mix is identical to the UK Diddy's Adorable Edit.
This is the original 1979 Disco Version.
Miley Cyrus version
In 2020, Miley Cyrus covered Heart of Glass for a digital single and is the A-side to Midnight Sky. It went to number 17 in Ireland and number 38 in the United Kingdom.
Track listing and formats
References
1979 songs
Blondie (band) songs
Miley Cyrus songs
Disco songs
Laura Prepon

Laura Prepon (born March 7, 1980) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Donna Pinciotti on the Fox television series That '70s Show and as Hannah Daniels on the ABC television series October Road. She plays Alex in Orange Is the New Black.
Other websites
Biography from the That '70s Show website
1980 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from New Jersey
Scientologists
Student's t-test

A t-test is a statistical hypothesis test. People use it when they want to compare a mean (average) of a measurement from one group A to some theoretical, expected value. People also use it when they want to compare the mean (average) of a measurement of two groups A and B. They want to decide if the mean in group A is different to the theoretical value or to the mean in group B.
Example
For example, pretend there are two groups of people. One group exercises a lot and the other doesn't. Do the people who exercise tend to live longer than those who don't? Then the property of interest is the average life time. Is the average life time of people who exercise different to the average life time of people who don't? A t-test can help answer this question.
When this is used
The t-test is used when the property's variance in the groups is unknown. When people want to do the t-test they have to calculate the variance from the sample (the collection of data). This calculated variance is almost always different to the true variance in the group. The t-test was created to care about this difference.
Statistical tests
Tests
Lierval

Lierval is a commune. It is found in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Music from the Edge of Heaven

Music from the Edge of Heaven is the third and final studio album by English pop duo Wham! and was released on June 27, 1986 through Columbia Records. It went to number 9 in Canada and Japan and number 10 in the United States.
Track listing
References
1986 albums
Wham! albums
Seal of Wisconsin

The Great Seal of the State of Wisconsin is the state seal of the U.S. state of Wisconsin.
Description
The seal has the words "Great Seal of the State of Wisconsin" at its top. At the bottom, it has a cornucopia alongside bars of lead, above 13 stars, one for each of the original 13 states. Also at the top is Forward, the state motto, and a badger. There are a sailor and a miner to represent mining and shipping, which were major industries when Wisconsin was established. On the four corners of the shield are a plough, a pick and shovel, an arm and hammer, and an anchor. In the center of the shield is the United States shield with the motto E Pluribus Unum.
The state flag features the state seal on a blue background.
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
Green Army

The Green Army was an organisation of militias in Ukraine during the Russian Civil War. The militias occupied small parts of land but rarely launched actual campaings against any side. They never achieved their goal of gaining Ukrainian independance and dissolved in 1922 after the Soviet Union had been established.
20th century in Ukraine
Palm Harbor, Florida

Palm Harbor is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. It had a population of 60,236 in 2018.
References
Census-designated places in Florida
Unincorporated communities in Florida
Stephanie Courtney

Stephanie Courtney (born February 8, 1970) is an American actress and comedian. She acts in television and radio commercials. She played Flo in commercials for Progressive Insurance. She also played Diane on the ABC comedy series Caveman.
Courtney was born in Stony Point, New York.
References
Actors from New York (state)
American movie actors
American radio actors
American television actors
Comedians from New York (state)
1970 births
Living people
Blarians

Blarians is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Janet Moreau

Janet Teresa Moreau Stone (October 26, 1927 - June 30, 2021) was an American track and field athlete. She competed mainly in the 100 meters. She competed for the United States in the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland in the 4 x 100 meters where she won the gold medal.
Stone died in Barrington, Rhode Island on June 30, 2021, at age 93.
References
1927 births
2021 deaths
American sprinters
American Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Rhode Island
People from Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Belmont University

Belmont University is a private, coeducational university in Nashville, Tennessee. The university has about 5,936 students. It was founded in 1890. The current president of the university is Robert Fisher.
Sports
The athletics teams of the university, called the Bruins, mostly play in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC). The men's tennis team plays in the Horizon League because the MVC sponsors tennis only for women.
Other websites
Belmont University's Official website
Belmont Bruins Official athletics website
Missouri Valley Conference
Colleges and universities in Nashville, Tennessee
1890 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Tennessee
List of elevation extremes by country

The following sortable table lists land surface elevation extremes by country.
Table
References
CIA World Factbook 2006 (items marked * have been amended, see for supporting documentation).
World Tops and Bottoms, by Grant Hutchison, 1996, TACit Press,
Data supplied by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission.
Lists of countries
Hilarie Burton

Hilarie Burton (born July 1, 1982) is an American actress. She works mostly on television. She played Lauren in Grey's Anatomy. She played Sara Ellis in the television show White Collar. She has also been in movies. Burton was born in Sterling, Virginia.
American television actors
American movie actors
1982 births
Living people
Actors from Virginia
Wild card (sports)

The word wild card mostly means a tournament or playoff berth given to a person or team that did not make that playoff or tournament through normal play.
Sports words
Memorandum opinion

In law, a memorandum opinion is usually an unpublished legal opinion that cannot be cited as precedent. It is formally defined as: "[1] unanimous appellate opinion that succinctly states the decision of the court; an opinion that briefly reports the court's conclusion, usu. without elaboration because the decision follows a well-established legal principle or does not relate to any point of law." There is no elaboration or explanation because the decision either follows a well-known legal principle or it does not relate to a point of law. A memorandum opinion is also not subject to appeal.
Generally, memorandum opinions follow ordinary rules, including the application of precedent and the rule of stare decisis.
References
Legal terms
1682

Year 1682 was a common year that started on a Thursday when using the Gregorian calendar.
Events
March 11 - Chelsea hospital for soldiers is founded in England.
April 7 - Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, exploring rivers in America, reaches the mouth of the Mississippi River.
April 9 - At the mouth of the Mississippi River, near modern Venice, Louisiana, Robert de La Salle buries an engraved plate and a cross, claiming the territory as "La Louisiane" for France.
May 6 - Louis XIV of France moves his court to Versailles.
May 7 - Official beginning of the reign of Peter the Great.
May 11 - Moscow Uprising of 1682: a mob takes over the Kremlin and lynches the leading boyars and military commanders.
July 19 - Iyasus succeeds his father Yohannes I as Emperor of Ethiopia.
August 12 - Vesuvius begins a period of volcanic activity lasting for ten days.
September - Halley's comet makes an appearance, and is observed by Edmond Halley himself.
September 14 - Bishop Gore School in Swansea, Wales is founded.
October 27 - The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded by William Penn.
October 31 - The city of Bideford, England two men and one woman were some of the last to be executed for witchcraft in England. They were accused of speaking in unknown languages as well as practicing knowledge beyond their natural abilities, and acting in peculiar manners. The woman, Guenevere Damascus, as well as her lover (name unknown) and their spiritual mentor were burned at the stake.
Undated
The first black slaves arrive in Germany.
The Richard Wall House is built in Pennsylvania.
Births
February 25 - Giovanni Battista Morgagni, Italian anatomist (died 1771)
April 16 - John Hadley, inventor (died 1744)
June 27 - King Charles XII of Sweden (died 1718)
July 10 - Roger Cotes, English mathematician (died 1716)
August 16 - Louis, duc de Bourgogne, heir to the throne of France (died 1712)
October 29 - Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix, French historian (died 1761)
Deaths
February 25 - Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (born 1644)
March 14 - Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruysdael, Dutch painter (born c.1628)
April 1 - Franz Egon of Furstenberg, Bishop of Strassburg (born 1625)
April 3 - Bartolome Esteban Murillo, Spanish painter (born 1618)
May 7 - Tsar Feodor III of Russia (born 1661)
July 12 - Jean Picard, French astronomer (born 1620)
September 8 - Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Spanish writer (born 1606)
October 19 - Sir Thomas Browne English writer, physician, and philosopher (born 1605)
November 19 - Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Royalist commander in the English Civil War (born 1619)
November 23 - Claude Lorrain French painter (born c.1600)
date unknown Yohannes I, Emperor of Ethiopia
date unknown Turhan Hatice, regent of the Ottoman Empire (born 1627)
Gibloux

Gibloux is a new municipality of the district of Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2016, when the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glebe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form Gibloux.
References
2016 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Fribourg
Carl's Jr.

Carl's Jr. Restaurants LLC is an American fast food restaurant chain. CKE Restaurant Holdings (CKE stands for Carl Karcher Enterprises) is the operator of this chain and its related restaurant business Hardee's. The business is operated in North America, Oceania, Europe, Africa, Asia and South America.
Carl's Jr. sells French fries, chicken sandwiches/strips, hamburgers, cheeseburgers and breakfast food materials (until 10:30 a.m. each day). Breakfast items include orange juice, frosted cinnamon rolls, hash browns, milk, eggs and biscuits.
The business chain was started in Los Angeles in the early 1940s by Margaret Karcher and her husband Carl.
In 1988, Carl Karcher and several others related to him--one of them was chain president Donald F. Karcher--were accused by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission of insider trading. However, the only charge was e against the head accountant. In summer the following year, they settled their case by paying a fine.
References
Companies based in California
American fast food restaurants
1940s establishments in California
1941 establishments in the United States
20th century in Los Angeles, California
Naiad (moon)

Naiad or Neptune III is the closest moon to Neptune named after the Naiads of Greek legend. It was found sometime before mid-September, 1989 from the images taken by the Voyager 2 probe. The last moon to be discovered during the flyby, it was designated S/1989 N 6. Naiad is not a sphere and probably has not been changed by any internal geological processes after its formation. It orbits about 23,500 km above Neptune's cloud tops.
Since the Voyager 2 flyby, the Neptune system has been studied a lot from ground-based observatories and the Hubble Space Telescope as well. In 2002-03, Keck telescope looked at the system using adaptive optics and detected easily the biggest four closer satellites. Thalassa was found with some image processing, but Naiad was not located.
Other websites
Naiad Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
Neptune's moons
Sinj

Sinj is a town in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. In 2011, 24,826 people lived there.
References
Towns in Europe
Settlements in Croatia
Split-Dalmatia County
Stadio Renato Dall'Ara

Stadio Renato Dall'Ara is a multi-purpose stadium in Bologna, Italy. It is mostly for football matches. It is the home stadium of Bologna F.C. 1909. The stadium was built in 1927. It has a capacity of 38,279. It has also been known as the Stadio Littoriale and the Stadio Comunale. The stadium is named after Renato Dall'Ara, who was a former president of Bologna. The stadium hosted matches at the 1934 FIFA World Cup and the 1990 FIFA World Cup.
FIFA World Cup
The Stadio Renato Dall'Ara has been a venue at 2 FIFA World Cup tournaments.
1934 FIFA World Cup
The stadium was used for two matches at the 1934 FIFA World Cup. It hosted the following matches:
1990 FIFA World Cup
The stadium was one of the stadiums used at the 1990 FIFA World Cup. It hosted the following matches:
Other National Team Matches
The stadium is one of the stadiums used by the Italian national team. It has hosted the following matches:
References
Other websites
World Stadiums Article
Stadium Guide Article
Stadium Journey Article
Sports buildings in Italy
Football in Italy
Football stadiums in Europe
Bologna
1920s establishments in Italy
1927 establishments in Europe
Christian VII of Denmark

Christian VII of Denmark (29 January 1749 - 13 March 1808) was the King of Denmark and Norway from 1766 to 1808, and the duke of Schleswig and Holstein. He was the son of King Frederick V of Denmark and Louise of Great Britain.
Early life
He lost his mother at the age of three. His stepmother, Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, did not take an interest in him, and preferred her own son, Frederik. Christian suffered from epileptic seizures. His educator, Count Detlev of Reventlow, educated him very severely, locking him up in dark chambers for hours at times. Starting at an early age, Christian showed signs of mental illness. At age 17, he was married to his cousin, Caroline Matilda of Great Britain. Caroline Matilde bore a son, the future King Frederick VI of Denmark.
Court life
When he became king, his cabinet ruled, much like in his father's time. The cabinet was led by Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff. When he toured Europe, he met Johann Friedrich Struensee, a medical doctor, who was influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment. Struensee soon gained influence at the court. Struensee initiated a number of liberal reforms. He also became the lover of queen Louise, who Christan neglected. In the year 1771, Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark was born. People think that Struensee was probably her father. Struensee was executed on 28 April 1772 outside the gates of Copenhagen. The queen was banned from the court. One of the last decrees of Struensee was to create the town of Christiansfeld, where people from the Moravian Church found shelter.
After the execution, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg led the kingdom, supported by Queen Juliane and her son. Many of Struensee's reforms were undone. Andreas Peter Bernstorff stepped down in 1780. In the year 1784, Christian's son Frederick took power, reigning in the place of his father. Frederick was influenced by Enligtenment, and made a number of reforms; for example, the abolition of serfdom. Ernst Heinrich von Schimmelmann was made minister of finances. Together with Christian Ditlev Reventlow they boosted trade. Von Bernstorff returned to power in 1784, and was a strong supporter of the neutrality of Denmark. There was an economic boom.
Death
Christian VII died in 1808 as a result of a stroke.
Kings and Queens of Denmark
Dukes and duchesses
1749 births
1808 deaths
Georges Méliès

Georges Melies (8 December 1861 - 21 January 1938) was a French moviemaker. He led the way in the use of special effects, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour in his work. His movies include Conquest of the Pole, A Trip to the Moon, and The Impossible Voyage. These movies involve strange, surreal voyages, like those in Jules Verne's books. These movies are among the most important early science fiction movies. Melies's The Haunted Castle is an early horror movie.
Life and work
Melies was born in Paris, France in 1861. He liked drawing and playing with a puppet theater as a child. He went to the theater often as a young man. About 1888, Melies bought the Theatre Robert-Houdin and worked there as a magician. He became obsessed with moviemaking after seeing a movie by Antoine Lumiere in 1895. In May 1896, he acquired his own movie camera and set up a movie studio. At the end of 1896, he formed a new company, Star Film.
Melies began making movies that were three to nine minute long. He wrote, designed, filmed, and acted in nearly all of his movies. He liked putting magic tricks into his movies. While filming a street scene one day, the camera stopped briefly. When Melies looked at the movie later, he noticed that at the moment of the break, the bus he had been filming suddenly disappeared and new vehicles replaced it. Making items appear and disappear by stopping and starting the camera would become one of his most commonly used movie tricks.
In 1902, Melies produced his first masterpiece, A Trip to the Moon. It was inspired by several works of the time that speculated about life on the moon. H.G. Wells and Jules Verne wrote about space travel, for instance, and Offenbach composed an opera about a trip to the moon. Trip was a huge success in France. Melies hoped to make a fortune showing it in the United States. Thomas Edison and other moviemakers made copies of Trip however, and made money on Melies's work.
Gallery
References
Musser, Charles. History of the American Cinema: Volume 1, The Emergence of Cinema. Charles Scribner's Sons, Inc. 1990.
Other websites
Georges Melies: A Brief Biography
Encyclopedia of World Biography: Georges Melies
1861 births
1938 deaths
Movie directors from Paris
Burials at Pere Lachaise Cemetery
116

Events
Roman Emperor Trajan completes his invasion of Parthia by capturing the cities of Seleucia, Babylon, Ctesiphon and Susa, marking the high-water mark of the Roman Empire's eastern expansion.
Trajan removes Osroes I as king of Parthia, and appoints his son Parthamaspates in his place. Parthamaspates Romanizes his name to Parthicus.
A Jewish uprising against Rome fails.
Births
Empress Liang Na
Raymore, Missouri

Raymore is a city in Cass County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Glenn Hoddle

Glenn Hoddle (born 27 October 1957) is a former English football player. He has played for England national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1975/76||rowspan="12"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="2"|First Division||7||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||1
|-
|1976/77||39||4||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||42||5
|-
|1977/78||Second Division||41||12||2||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||45||13
|-
|1978/79||rowspan="9"|First Division||35||7||5||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||42||9
|-
|1979/80||41||19||6||2||2||1||colspan="2"|-||49||22
|-
|1980/81||38||12||9||2||6||1||colspan="2"|-||53||15
|-
|1981/82||34||10||7||3||8||1||8||1||57||15
|-
|1982/83||24||1||1||0||3||0||1||0||29||1
|-
|1983/84||24||4||3||0||3||1||6||0||36||5
|-
|1984/85||28||8||3||0||3||0||6||0||40||8
|-
|1985/86||31||7||5||1||5||0||colspan="2"|-||41||8
|-
|1986/87||35||3||6||1||8||4||colspan="2"|-||49||8
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="4"|Monaco||rowspan="4"|Division 1||34||8||||||||||||||34||8
|-
|1988/89||32||18||||||||||||||32||18
|-
|1989/90||3||1||||||||||||||3||1
|-
|1990/91||0||0||||||||||||||0||0
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Swindon Town||Second Division||22||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|1992/93||First Division||42||1||1||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||46||2
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|Chelsea||rowspan="2"|Premier League||19||1||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||24||1
|-
|1994/95||12||0||0||0||0||0||3||0||15||0
472||90||51||11||53||11||24||1||600||113
69||27||||||||||||||69||27
541||117||51||11||53||11||24||1||669||140
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1979||1||1
|-
|1980||3||1
|-
|1981||4||1
|-
|1982||6||2
|-
|1983||4||1
|-
|1984||1||0
|-
|1985||9||1
|-
|1986||13||1
|-
|1987||6||0
|-
|1988||6||0
|-
!Total||53||8
|}
References
1957 births
Living people
Chelsea F.C. players
Footballers from London
English football managers
England national football team managers
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Premier League players
Herman Boerhaave

Herman Boerhaave (1 December 1668 - 23 September 1738) was a Dutch botanist, chemist, Christian humanist, and physician of European fame.
He is regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital and is sometimes referred to as "the father of physiology," along with Venetian physician Santorio Santorio (1561-1636).
References
1668 births
1738 deaths
Dutch chemists
Carnaby's black cockatoo

Carnaby's black Cockatoo (binomial name Zanda latirostris) are a species of cockatoo. They are near extinction. The species is only found in south-west Australia
References
Cockatoos
Birds of Australia
Taxa described in 1948
Buckingham County, Virginia

Buckingham County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 16,824 people lived there. Its county seat is Buckingham.
References
Virginia counties
Gerhard Weinberg

Gerhard Ludwig Weinberg (born 1 January 1928) is a German-born American diplomatic and military historian. He is known for his studies in the history of World War II. He was born in Hanover, Germany. He is known for his book A World at Arms : A Global History of World War II.
Weinberg currently is the William Rand Kenan, Jr. Professor Emeritus of History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has been a member of the history faculty at UNC-Chapel Hill since 1974. Previously he served on the faculties of the University of Michigan (1959-1974) and the University of Kentucky (1957-1959).
References
Other websites
Dr. Gerhard Weinberg: World War II Scholar and Teacher (Metro Magazine, January 2006)
Revealed: The Amazing Story behind Hitler's Second Book
Over There, and There, and There Review of A World In Arms
He Meant What He Said: Review of Zweites Buch
Review of Germany, Hitler, and World War II: Essays in Modern German and World History
Pritzker Architecture Prize winners
1928 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
German historians
American historians
Academics from Michigan
Writers from Hanover
Academics from North Carolina
Academics from Kentucky
Robert Whittaker

Robert Harding Whittaker (December 27, 1920 - October 20, 1980) was a distinguished American plant ecologist
In 1969 Whittaker proposed a "five kingdom" system in which three kingdoms were added to the animals and plants: Monera, Protista, and Fungi. Whittaker defined the kingdoms by a number of special characteristics.
References
1920 births
1980 deaths
Scientists from Wichita, Kansas
Deaths from lung cancer
American botanists
Microsoft Small Basic

Microsoft Small Basic is a programming language made by Microsoft. It is a simplified version of the BASIC programming language. It was first released in 2008. Small Basic was designed by Microsoft DevLabs. The language has only 14 keywords, and the interface is simple.
Other websites
Official website
Category:Microsoft Small Basic Tasks realised in Microsoft Small Basic on rosettacode.org
Programming languages
Alan Nolet

Alan Nolet is a gymnast from Canada. Nolet competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics. He was born on 17 December 1967.
References
Other websites
1967 births
Living people
Canadian gymnasts
Canadian Olympians
Sportspeople from Toronto
Mike Marriott

Mike Marriott (born 1949 in Essex) is a British singer-songwriter, folk-musician and street-artist. Marriott travels all over Europe. He mainly lives now in Belgium and Austria. As a street artist, he plays the guitar and different harps, carrying a bass drum with a Hi-hat on his bag and different percussion instrument on his feet. In his earlier years he published at least three LPs.
References
Other websites
Mike Mariott at ReverbNation, Biography, music and videos
1949 births
Living people
Folk musicians
People from Essex
Crystal oscillator

A crystal oscillator, or system crystal, is a part of a computer. The computer uses it like a clock to keep track of time. It makes use of the mechanical resonance of the vibrating crystal, which has piezoelectric properties, in order to obtain an electric signal with a high-precision frequency. Crystal oscillators are considered superior to ceramic resonators as they have higher stability, higher quality, lower cost and are smaller in size.
These oscillators are usually made of Quartz crystal, even though other substances like Rochelle salt and Tourmaline exhibit the piezoelectric effect because, quartz is inexpensive, naturally-available and mechanically-strong when compared to others.
References
Computer hardware
Electronic circuits
Electronic components
Peter the Great (1910 movie)

Peter the Great () is a 1910 Russian silent movie directed by Vasili Goncharov and Kai Hansen. It stars Pyotr Voinov, Ye. Trubetskaya, and A. Gorbachevskiy. The movie shows the main events in the life of Peter the Great.
Actors
Pyotr Voinov as Pyotr I, Peter the Great
Ye. Trubetskaya as Yekaterina
A. Gorbachevskiy as Boyar Latyshkin
Vladimir Karin as Lakot
A. Slavin as Boyar Poltev
References
Other websites
Russian silent movies
1910 movies
1910s historical movies
Movies directed by Vasili Goncharov
Kissimmee, Florida

Kissimmee is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Osceola County.
Cities in Florida
County seats in Florida
Gauss-Bonnet theorem

The Gauss-Bonnet theorem is a theorem that connects the geometry of a shape with its topology. It is named after the two mathematicians Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) and Pierre Ossian Bonnet (1812-1872) who both found it, independently of one another. The Curvature of the shape is used, as well as its Euler characteristic.
Mathematical theorems
Differential geometry
Topology
Gessertshausen

Gessertshausen (Swabian: Gessertshouse) is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany. It is on the river Schmutter.
References
Augsburg (district)
Housing in the United States

Housing is an important part of the US economy. It is about 15% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Housing contributes to both the private investment component of the GDP as well as the consumption component.
Private investment housing component
This is the part of the GDP that comes from construction, renovation, and home purchase fees. In 2000 it contributed $425 billion or 4% to the GDP (25% to the private investment component)
Personal consumption component
This is the part of the GDP comes from real estate rentals. In 2000 it contributed $959 billion, or 10% to the GDP (14% of the personal consumption component).
Affordable housing
Homes in 2019 in the United States were least affordable to purchase compared to any other year in the last ten last years. This is because home prices are increasing much faster than wages. According to USA Today, cities with large universities were a good choice for university students after they graduate. For example, Madison in Wisconsin, which has a large University called the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has very affordable housing.
References
United States
Housing
Robert C. Weaver

Robert C. Weaver was the first United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. He was also the first African American appointed to a cabinet position.
Other websites
United States Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
African American politicians
Carol Leigh

Carol Leigh, The Scarlot Harlot (January 11, 1951 - November 16, 2022) was an American artist, author, film maker, and sex workers' rights activist. She is credited with coining the term "sex worker". She chaired the Sex Worker Film and Arts Festival and was the director of BAYSWAN, the Bay Area Sex Worker Advocacy Network.
Works
Books
Film appearances
As listed by WorldCat.
Annie Sprinkle's amazing world of orgasm (2004)
Annie Sprinkle's Herstory of porn : reel to real
Dr. Annie Sprinkle's How to be a sex goddess in 101 easy steps (1992)
Mutantes : feminisme porno punk = Punk porn feminism (2011) (in French)
Mutantes : punk porn feminism (2011)
Our bodies, our minds (2005)
Released : 5 short videos about women and prison (2001)
Sphinxes without secrets : women performance artists speak out (1991)
Straight for the money : interviews with queer sex workers (1994)
Videos produced
As listed by Western Connecticut State University.
Die Yuppie Scum (1989) 30 min
Outlaw Poverty, Not Prostitutes (1989) 21 min
Safe Sex Slut (1987) 30 min
Spiritual Warfare: The G.H.O.S.T.* Campaign (1990) 28 min
Taking Back the Night (1990) 28 min
Whores and Healers (1990) 28 min
Yes Means Yes, No Means No (1990) 8 min
Whore in the Gulf (1991) 30 min
References
Bibliography
Other websites
San Francisco Sex Worker Film and Arts Festival
Sex Worker Media Library
1951 births
2022 deaths
American activists
Bisexual people
LGBT writers
American prostitutes
Writers from New York City
Writers from San Francisco
Boston University alumni
Sévery

Severy is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Municipalities of Vaud
Mike Dirnt

Mike Dirnt (born Ryan Pritchard on May 4, 1972, in Berkeley, California) is the bass guitar player from the punk rock band Green Day, he also sings back up vocals.
Personal life
Dirnt was adopted. His adoptive parents divorced when he was 7, and both are now remarried. Dirnt owns a restaurant in California called "Rudy's Can't Fail Cafe". He married his long time girlfriend Anastasia in 1996 and their daughter, Estella-Desiree, "Stella", was born in April 1997. He recently was remarried in 2004, however his wife left him because he spent too much time in the studio recording American Idiot. Dirnt lives in Oakland, California.
1972 births
Living people
Bassists
Green Day members
Businesspeople from Berkeley, California
Businesspeople from San Diego, California
Musicians from Berkeley, California
Musicians from San Diego, California
Ray Jackson (Aboriginal activist)

Ray Jackson (1941 - 23 April 2015) was an Australian Aboriginal activist and Wiradjuri elder. He was President of the Indigenous Social Justice Association (ISJA). He was a notable campaigner for the rights of Indigenous Australians. He was a member of the Stolen Generations.
Jackson died on 23 April 2015 in the suburb of Sydney of Waterloo, New South Wales. He was 74.
References
1941 births
2015 deaths
Australian human rights activists
Indigenous Australian activists
People from Sydney
Adam Baumann

Adam Baumann (27 March 1948 - 6 September 2021) was a Polish actor. He was born in Grudziadz, Poland. His career began in 1967. His best known movie roles were in Smierc jak kromka chleba (1994), Wojaczek (1999) and Destined for Blues (2005).
Baumann died on 6 September 2021 in Katowice, Poland at the age of 73.
References
1948 births
2021 deaths
Polish movie actors
Polish television actors
Polish stage actors
Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle

Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle (, abbreviation USK) is the official computer games rating organization in Germany. All ratings by USK are official and fall under law, so you must appreciate them. You have to show the seller your passport if you fall under age restrictions: USK ensures that computer games are only sold to children and young people if the contents of the games have been approved as OK for them.
History
The USK has been founded in 1994 and has it headquarters in Berlin, Germany. Around 30,000 video games have been checked for approval since the beginning; every year more than 1,000 games are submitted by publishers. USK defines itself as "the strictest age classification rules in the world". The game is not allowed to be sold in Germany if there is no USK verification.
Ratings
Rating procedure
Publisher submits game
Testers play through the game completely
Tester presents the game to the classification committee
Game is being discussed
Voting of the committee
Permanent representater is making a decision
Game is being rated and submitted to the publisher
Publisher accepts or declines (if he declines, game is not being published in Germany)
References
USK official website
1994 establishments in Germany
Censorship
Video game ratings
Cultural organizations
Entertainment in Germany
Organizations based in Berlin
Santiago Rusiñol

Santiago Rusinol i Prats (, ; Barcelona 25 February 1861 - Aranjuez 13 June 1931) was a Catalan naturalist painter, author, and playwright.
He was born in Barcelona in 1861, and died in Aranjuez in 1931 while painting its famous gardens.
He influenced Pablo Picasso as a modern artist, and also left a lot of modernist buildings in Sitges, a town from Catalonia very influenced by that artist.
He was a modernist artist and there is a street in Sant Cugat del Valles, a town near Barcelona, with his name.
1861 births
1931 deaths
Spanish painters
Spanish writers