pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Constable

A constable is a person doing a certain job, most commonly in law enforcement. The work and role of a constable can vary a lot in different countries.
Historically, the word constable comes from the Latin, comes stabuli, count of the stables. It came from the Eastern Roman Empire. Originally, the constable was the person who kept the horses of a lord or monarch. The title was later used in the monarchies of medieval Europe. In many countries, the constable became a high military rank and great officer of State such as, the Constable of France.
In modern times, constables are law enforcement officers. In the United Kingdom, Commonwealth of Nations and some European countries, a constable is the lowest rank of police officer. In the United States a constable is usually an elected peace officer, with less powers than a sheriff. However, in the Channel Islands a constable is an elected office-holder at the parish level.
Historically, a constable could also be someone in charge of the defence of a castle. Even today, there is a Constable of the Tower of London.
It is a similar position to Marshal, which comes from Old High German marah "horse" and schalh "servant", and originally meant "stable keeper", which has a similar etymology.
References
Law enforcement occupations
SpongeBob SquarePants (season 7)

The seventh season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants was created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg. The season was first broadcast on Nickelodeon in the United States from July 19, 2009, to June 11, 2011. It had 26 half-hour episodes and a miniseries named Legends of Bikini Bottom. The series is about the adventures of the title character and his friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.
Episodes
<onlyinclude>
2009 television seasons
2010 television seasons
2011 television seasons
SpongeBob SquarePants seasons
Remy Hii

Remy Hii (born 24 July 1986) is an Australian actor. In 2013, he starred as Van Tuong Nguyen in the four-part miniseries Better Man and as Hudson Walsh in the soap opera Neighbours. Other television appearances include Marco Polo, Harrow and Sisters. He appeared in the movies Crazy Rich Asians (2018) and Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019).
Hii was born in Malaysia. His father is Chinese-Malaysian and his British mother is from Manchester. He grew up in Papua New Guinea and Queensland.
References
Other websites
1986 births
Living people
Actors from Queensland
Australian movie actors
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Erin Heatherton

Erin Heather Bubley (born March 4, 1989) is an American model and actress. She is best known for her work for lingerie retailer Victoria's Secret. Heatherton was born in Skokie, Illinois. At the age of 17, Heatherton moved to New York City and signed with the Marilyn Agency.
As of December 2013 Heatherton is ranked No. 15 on Models.com top 25 sexiest models list. In 2013 it was announced that Heatherton had signed with IMG.
References
Other websites
1989 births
Living people
American movie actors
Models from Illinois
Actors from Skokie, Illinois
Grandmaster (1972 movie)

Grandmaster () is a 1972 Soviet drama movie directed by Sergey Mikaelyan. It stars Andrey Myagkov, Viktor Korchnoi, and Larisa Malevannaya.
Actors
Andrey Myagkov as Sergey Khlebnikov
Viktor Korchnoi as Khlebnikov's coach
Larisa Malevannaya as Elena Dontsova, Khlebnikov's wife
Emmanuil Vitorgan as Orlov
Lyudmila Kasatkina as Sergey's mother
Mikhail Kozakov as Vladimir
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1972 movies
Soviet drama movies
Kiyoshi Tomizawa

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Tomizawa was born in Fujieda on December 3, 1943. After graduating from Fujieda Higashi High School, he joined Yawata Steel (later Nippon Steel). In 1965, Yawata Steel joined new league Japan Soccer League. He retired in 1976, having played 164 games and scored 22 goals in the league.
In October 1964, Tomizawa was selected the Japan national team for 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. However, he did not play in the match. On March 14, 1965, he debuted for Japan against Hong Kong. In 1968, he was selected Japan for 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He played against Hungary in semifinal and Japan won Bronze Medal. In 2018, this team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. He also played at 1970 Asian Games. At 1972 Summer Olympics qualification in 1971, Japan's failure to qualify for 1972 Summer Olympics. This qualification was his last game for Japan. He played 9 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 1965.
Statistics
|-
|1965||2||0
|-
|1966||0||0
|-
|1967||1||0
|-
|1968||1||0
|-
|1969||0||0
|-
|1970||2||0
|-
|1971||3||2
|-
!Total||9||2
|}
References
Other websites
Japan Football Hall of Fame (Japan team at 1968 Olympics) at Japan Football Association
1943 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Nippon Steel Yawata SC players
Footballers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in football
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
They Were the First

They Were the First () is a 1956 Soviet war drama movie directed by Yuri Egorov. It stars Georgi Yumatov, Liliana Alyoshnikova, and Mark Bernes.
Actors
Georgi Yumatov as Stepan Barabash
Liliana Alyoshnikova as Glasha
Mark Bernes as Rodionov
Mikhail Ulyanov as Alexey Kolyvanov
Mikhail Derzhavin as Yevgeny Gorovskoy, student and poet
Nina Krachkovskaya as Yelena
Mikhail Kondratiev as Lenin
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1956 movies
Soviet drama movies
Soviet war movies
Württemberg-Baden

Wurttemberg-Baden was one of the original states of the Federal Republic of Germany.
In 1952 it joined with Baden and Wurttemberg-Hohenzollern to make the state of Baden-Wurttemberg.
Baden-Wurttemberg
Former states in Germany
1950s disestablishments in Germany
Houston County, Minnesota

Houston County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 18,843 people lived there. The county seat is Caledonia.
References
1850s establishments in Minnesota Territory
1854 establishments in the United States
Minnesota counties
Java virtual machine

A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a set of computer software programs and data structures which use a virtual machine model for the execution of other computer programs and scripts. The model used by a JVM accepts a form of computer intermediate language commonly referred to as Java bytecode.
Java virtual machines operate on Java bytecode, which is normally (but not necessarily) generated from Java source code; a JVM can also be used to implement programming languages other than Java.
The JVM is an important component of the Java Platform. Because JVMs are available for many hardware and software platforms, Java can be both middleware and a platform in its own right - hence the expression "write once, run anywhere." The use of the same bytecode for all platforms allows Java to be described as "compile once, run anywhere", as opposed to "write once, compile anywhere", which describes cross-platform compiled languages.
References
Clarifications and Amendments to the Java Virtual Machine Specification, Second Edition includes list of changes to be made to support J2SE 5.0 and JSR 45
JSR 45 - Specifies changes to the class file format to support source-level debugging of languages such as JSP and SQLJ that are translated to Java
Other websites
The Java Virtual Machine Specification
A decade after Java arrived, there have been improvements in the runtime performance of platform-independent virtual-machine based software.
Sun to build virtual machine for iPhone - ComputerWorld
Computer science
Virginia Dighero

Virginia Dighero (married Zolezzi, 24 December 1891 - 28 December 2005) was an Italian supercentenarian. On 14 September 2005, she became the longest-lived person of Italian descent ever, having surpassed Amalia Ruggieri Barone, who was an emigrant to the United States. Dighero-Zolezzi died of ischaemia on 28 December 2005.
Dighero became the oldest living person in Europe on 30 August 2005 following the death of Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper of the Netherlands.
At the time of her death, she was the oldest ever documented person from Italy at the age of 114 years, 4 days - a title she held for more than five years, until being surpassed by Venere Pizzinato on 28 November 2010.
References
1891 births
2005 deaths
Supercentenarians
Italian people
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Skoll (moon)

Skoll or Saturn XLVII (provisional designation S/2006 S 8) is non-spherical moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt and Jan Kleyna on June 26, 2006, from observations taken between January 5 and April 30, 2006.
Skoll is about 6 kilometres in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04), and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 17,600,000 km in 869 days, following a highly eccentric and inclined orbit.
It was named in April 2007 after Skoll, a giant wolf from Norse mythology, son of Fenrisulfr and twin brother of Hati.
Other websites
David Jewitt's pages
Saturn's moons
Anthony Cekada

Anthony J. Cekada (July 18, 1951 - September 11, 2020) was an American Sedevacantist priest and author. He taught Canon Law, Liturgy, and Scripture at Most Holy Trinity Seminary in Florida. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
In 1983 Cekada, along with eight other priests, broke with the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) over many theological issues and several years later formed the Society of St. Pius V (SSPV).
Cekada taught seminarians at St. Joseph's House of Studies, Armada, Michigan, and St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary, Ridgefield, Connecticut.
On September 2, 2020 Cekada was placed in hospice care in West Chester Township, Ohio after having a stroke. He died on September 11, 2020 at the age of 69.
References
1951 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Educators from Milwaukee
American Roman Catholic priests
Writers from Milwaukee
Kim Jong-suk

Kim Jong-suk(gimjeongsug, December 24, 1917 - September 22, 1949) was a Korean independence activist, and communist politician. She was the first wife of North Korean President Kim Il-sung, and the mother of Kim Jong-Il, North Korean Great Leader.
References
Other websites
"Kim Jong Suk Biography" (PDF)
rodongsinmun - gimjeongsug,jeonsegyenyeoseongdeulyi gwigam
13. hangilyi nyeoseongyeongung gimjeongsugnyeosaggeseo
1917 births
1949 deaths
North Korean politicians
Karlstad Municipality

Karlstad Municipality () is a municipality in Varmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Karlstad.
References
Other websites
Karlstad Municipality
Municipalities of Varmland County
Ministry of Health (Argentina)

The Ministry of Health () of Argentina is a ministry of the national executive power that oversees, elaborates and coordinates the Argentine national state's public health policy. The ministry is responsible for overseeing Argentina's highly decentralized universal health care system, which according to 2000 figures, serviced over half of the country's population.
References
Government ministries of Argentina
Node of Ranvier

Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath of a nerve cell's axon. They have multiple ion channels, allowing ions to move in or out of the axon at those points.
This means the gaps are not insulated from the spaces which surround them (the intracellular space). When impulses move along an axon, they will seem to "jump" from one node to the next along the axon. This is known as saltatory conduction (Latin saltare "to hop or leap").
Nervous system
Crepe myrtle

The common crepe mirtle was introduced in South Carolina by Andre Michaux.
This multistemmed shrub with crepe-like texture petals, and diverse colors is resistant to frosts.
The genus is dedicated to Magnus von Lagerstroem, who supplied Linnaeus plant he collected.
Taxonomy
Lagerstroemia indiana (L.)Pers.
Other websites
Flora of China 13, 277
The Craple myrtle
Myrtales
Shaw, Louisiana

Shaw is an unincorporated community in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Unincorporated communities in Concordia Parish, Louisiana
Jon Michelet

Jon Michelet (14 July 1944 - 14 April 2018) was a Norwegian novelist. He was born in Moss, Norway. He was well known for his action-thriller novel Orion's Belt (1977). He was the editor-in-chief of the Norwegian far-left daily Klassekampen from 1997 to 2002.
Michelet died of kidney cancer on 14 April 2018 in Oslo at the age of 73.
References
1944 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Norway
Deaths from kidney cancer
Norwegian writers
Norwegian novelists
Norwegian journalists
Likud

Likud ( - HaLikud, meaning The Consolidation, official name: HaLikud-National Liberal Movement, commonly called Likud), is an Israeli political party.
Its ideology is right-wing conservative, nationalist, and Zionist.
Political leader is Benjamin Netanyahu (Prime Minister of Israel, 1996-1999, 2009-2021, 2022-).
Likud was founded in 1973 as a a result of an alliance (and later on a merger in 1988) of six liberal and nationalist parties, like Gahal, Herut and the Liberal Party.
Founders were Menachem Begin and Yitzhak Shamir, who both became Prime Minister of Israel.
Number of seats in the 25th Knesset: 32 (+3).
Participating in the Fourth Netanyahu Government and the Netanyahu-Gantz Government.
References
Other websites
1973 establishments
1970s establishments in Israel
Political parties in Israel
Zionist parties
Conservative parties
Nationalist organizations in Israel
Desha County, Arkansas

Desha County is a county located in the southeast part of the U.S. state of Arkansas, with its eastern border the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,395. The county seat is Arkansas City. It was founded on December 12, 1838.
References
1838 establishments in Arkansas
Arkansas counties
Northlake, Texas

Northlake is a town in Denton County, Texas, United States.
Towns in Texas
Fürth

Furth (; East Franconian: []; ) is a city in the German state Bavaria, next to Nuremberg (Nurnberg).
It has about 118,000 inhabitants. The first German railway connection was between Nurnberg and Furth.
References
Other websites
Damson

A damson is a kind of plum. Like the plum, it comes from the Rosaceae family. Originally, the fruit comes from the Mediterranean. Damsons are thought to be members of the 'European Plum' family, which also includes greengage, mirabelle, quetsche, and Italian prune plums. The damson is generally less sweet than other kinds of plum and is used in jams, jellies, and liqueurs.
Plums
Bourrignon

Bourrignon is a municipality of the district of Delemont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Jura
Villepinte, Seine-Saint-Denis

Villepinte is a commune. It is found in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in France. In 2017, 36,830 people lived there.
Communes in Seine-Saint-Denis
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (also known as the Indian skipper frog or skittering frog) is a common frog found in South Asia. They are slimy and are often seen at the edge of bodies of water with their eyes above the water. They noisily move away from the shore when disturbed, giving them their common name. They are rarely seen outside water.
Frogs of Asia
Amphibians of Pakistan
Petri Kontiola

Petri Kontiola (born October 4, 1984 in Seinajoki, Finland) is a professional Finnish ice hockey center that currently plays in the Kontinental Hockey League for the Traktor Chelyabinsk. Kontiola also played in the NHL for a season with the Chicago Blackhawks. He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 196th pick in the 2004 NHL Draft.
Other websites
1984 births
Living people
Finnish ice hockey players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Toronto Marlies players
American Hockey League players
Ice hockey centres
Langa de Duero

Langa de Duero is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
References
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
Selkirkshire

Selkirkshire is a county in Scotland. It is next to Berwickshire, Peeblesshire and Midlothian. The whole of Selkirkshire is in the Scottish Borders council area. The shire is named after the town of Selkirk.
Selkirkshire's county town is the Royal Burgh of Selkirk.
Local government
Selkirkshire County Council, like all the County Councils in Scotland, was made in 1890. The Council met in Selkirk. Selkirkshire County Council was ended in 1975.
In 1975 a new Borders Region was made. Selkirkshire was made part of a district called Etterick and Lauderdale. Etterick and Lauderdale District Council was ended in 1996.
Selkirkshire is now all in the Scottish Borders Council Area.
Scottish Borders
Ska

Ska is a popular music from Jamaica that began in the 1950s. Ska music that was first played at a slower tempo then became reggae in the late 1960s.
Ska music bands include singers, electric guitars, electric bass guitar, piano, organ, saxophone, trumpet, and trombone. In ska, the electric guitar and piano normally play short chords on the off-beat. If you go "one and two and three and four", the off-beat is the "and".
A ska singer does a style of Jamaican singing called "toasting." When a singer is "toasting", they make sounds, repeat words, invent rhymes, and shout into the microphone. The Jamaican "toasting" style of singing and talking was adapted into rap music in the 1980s.
How Ska musicians dress
Musicians who play ska dress in hats and suits. Many ska bands wear clothes with a chessboard pattern of black and white squares. Doc Martens are a common type of shoe. This pattern symbolizes the way that ska music mixes of Black and White musicans and styles of music.There was a British genre of ska-punk influenced by The Specials, Madness and the English Beat, that began to dress in kilts.
1980s Ska Revival
Even though ska was developed in the 1950s, it became popular again in the 1980s in Britain. In the 1980s, ska bands such as The Specials, The Selecter, The Beat, UB40 and Madness played ska music.
1990s Ska mixed with punk rock
In the 1990s, some bands mixed ska music with Punk rock to make ska-punk. This kind of ska music is from England and the United States. Some pop-punk bands from the 1990s mixed pop-punk with ska-punk.
Ska bands and singers
No Doubt
The Mighty Mighty Bosstones
The Specials
The Selecter (British band)
The Beat (British band)
Madness (English band)
Sublime
Prince Buster (Jamaican singer)
Desmond Dekker (Jamaican singer)
The Bodysnatchers (female British band)
The Skatalites (Jamaican band)
Streetlight Manifesto (American band)
The Toasters (American band)
The Slackers (New York City band)
Rusted Root (American band)
Westbound Train (Boston band)
Reel Big Fish
Suburban Legends (American band)
Catch 22 (American band)
Less Than Jake
Lord Creator (Jamaican singer)
The King Blues (British band)
Related pages
Scat singing
References
Other websites
Going to a Ska Show? Here's What to Wear (LA Weekly)
Music genres
British culture
1950s establishments in North America
Jamaican culture
La Rivière, Gironde

La Riviere, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
References
Communes in Gironde
Cravanche

Cravanche is a commune. It is found in the region Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in the northeast of France.
References
Communes in Territoire de Belfort
Voorne aan Zee

Voorne aan Zee is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2023, 73,000 people lived there.
It was created on 1 January 2023 from the former municipalities of Brielle, Hellevoetsluis, and Westvoorne.
Other websites
Voorne aan Zee website
2020s establishments in the Netherlands
Maplewood, New Jersey

Maplewood is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the township population was 23,868.
Townships in New Jersey
Severian Yakymyshyn

Bishop Severian Stefan Yakymyshyn, O.S.B.M. (; 22 April 1930 - 6 September 2021) was a Canadian Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch. He was an Eparchial Bishop of Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of New Westminster from 5 January 1995 until his retirement 1 June 2007. He was born in Plain Lake, Alberta, Canada.
Yakymyshyn died on 6 September 2021 in Vancouver, British Columbia at the age of 91.
References
1930 births
2021 deaths
Eastern Catholic bishops
People from Alberta
People from Vancouver
Morgan

Morgan is a given name and a surname. It might also mean:
Morgan le Fay, a fictional character from the Arthurian legend
Morgan horse, a horse breed
People with the given name
Morgan De Sanctis, Italian football player
Morgan Fairchild, American actor
Morgan Freeman, American actor
Morgan Oey, Indonesian singer
Morgan Paull, American actor
People with the surname
Adams Morgan, American actor
C. Lloyd Morgan, British ethologist and psychologist
Dan Morgan (bushranger), Australian bushranger
Frank Morgan, American actor
Harry Morgan, American actor
J. P. Morgan, American banker and art collector
Lorrie Morgan, American singer
Matt Morgan, American professional wrestler
Michael Dennis Morgan
Piers Morgan, British journalist and television personality
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Trevor Morgan (footballer), British football player and coach
Vanessa Morgan, Canadian actress
Related pages
Morgan County, a disambiguation page
Amazon Prime

Amazon Prime is a paid subscription program from Amazon that gives users access to more services which are unavailable or available at a premium to regular Amazon customers.
Services include same, one or two-day delivery and streaming music and video. In January 2020, Amazon reported that Prime had more than 150 million subscribers worldwide.
References
2005 establishments in the United States
Amazon (company)
Steven Miles (politician)

Steven John Miles (born 15 November 1977) is an Australian politician for the Labor Party. He is the current Deputy Premier of Queensland, serving since May 2020. He has been the member for Murrumba in the Queensland Legislative Assembly since 2017, and formerly represented Mount Coot-tha from 2015 to 2017. He has also served as Queensland's Minister for Health and Ambulance Services since 2017.
Miles was born in Brisbane, Queensland. He is married to Kim and has three children. As of 2018, he lives in the Moreton Bay Region suburb of Mango Hill.
References
Other websites
1977 births
Living people
Australian Labor Party politicians
Politicians from Brisbane
Memorial

A memorial is an object which serves as a memory of something, usually a person who has died or a famous event. Statues are a popular type of memorial.
A memorial hall is a building which serves to remind people of something, again usually people who have died. Memorial halls in the United Kingdom and United States are usually about World War I or World War II. Memorial halls in Germany and Poland are often about the Holocaust, when Nazi Germany killed many Jewish people. Memorial halls in China are usually about the Japanese part of World War II. Among important memorial halls, there are the Nanjing Massacre Museum and the Yad Vashem.
Related pages
Monument
Architecture
Petrograd Soviet

The Petrograd Soviet is a group of workers founded by Soviets during the Russian revolution.
1917 establishments
1917 in Russia
1924 disestablishments
20th century in Russia
Politics of the Soviet Union
Russian Revolution
Armillaria gallica

Armillaria gallica (or A. bulbosa or A. lutea) is a species of honey mushroom in the order Agaricales.
The species is common and ecologically important. It decays wood. It can live as a saprophyte, or as an opportunistic parasite. In weakened trees it causes root rot.
It is found in temperate regions of Asia, North America, and Europe. The species forms the above-ground fruiting bodies "(mushrooms") in soil or rotting wood. The fungus has been accidentally introduced to South Africa.
Armillaria gallica is a largely underground fungus. The fungus develops underground root-like structures, called rhizomorphs. These help it to decompose dead wood in temperate broadleaf and mixed forests. Its ability to bioluminesce and to form large and long-lived colonies are especially interesting.
Humongous fungus
Armillaria gallica was found in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the early 1990s. In one forest, Armillaria-infected oak trees were harvested, and their stumps left to rot in the field. Later, when red pines were planted in the same location, the seedlings were killed by the fungus.
Using sequence analysis, the underground mycelia of one individual fungal colony covered , weighing over , with an estimated age of 1,500 years.
The authors noted: "This is the first report estimating the minimum size, mass, and age of an unambiguously defined fungal individual. Although the number of observations for plants and animals is much greater, members of the fungal kingdom should now be recognized as among the oldest and largest organisms on Earth".
After the Nature paper was published, media outlets from around the world visited the site where the specimens were found. As a result of this publicity, the individual acquired the common name "humongous fungus". There was afterward some scholarly debate as to whether the fungus qualified to be considered in the same category as other large organisms such as the blue whale or the giant redwood.
Gallery
References
Mushrooms
Wacissa, Florida

Wacissa is a small unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Florida, United States of America. It is in size. The population was 380 in 2010.
Unincorporated communities in Florida
Muzaffarabad

Muzaffarabad () is the capital city of Azad Kashmir. It is in Muzaffarabad District on the banks of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. It is very hilly and mountainous. Majority of the population speak Hindko and are Muslim and follow Islam.
The district is bounded by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west, by the Kupwara and Baramulla districts of the Indian Jammu and Kashmir in the east, and the Neelum District of Azad Kashmir in the north.
Other websites
Cities in Pakistan
Capital cities in Pakistan
Hill Stations in Pakistan
1994 Asian Games

The 1994 Asian Games, also known as the XII Asian Games, was a sports event in Hiroshima, Japan. It occurred from 2 October to 16 October, 1994. There were 337 events from 34 sports and disciplines.
1990s in Japan
Sport in Japan
Hiroshima
October events
Asian Games by year
Seiðr

Seid or Seidr is an Old Norse word for a kind of sorcery which was practised in Norse society. It is connected with Norse religion. No one knows where seid came from. It was practiced less with the spread of Christianity in Scandinavia. The practice was recorded in Norse stories (sagas) found by archeologists. Many scholars say that seid was like shamanism.
Both male and female Scandinavians practiced this form of magic. By doing so, they were often persecuted by society because they brought a taboo on themselves.
In pre-Christian Norse mythology, seid was associated with the god Odin, their god of war, poetry and sorcery. It was also associated with the goddess Freyja, who was their goddess of love and fertility.
Today, followers of modern paganism adopted forms of magic that they called seid. Their practices have since been studied by many researchers in the field of pagan studies.
More reading
Ch. 6.
Magic (paranormal)
Germanic mythology
Witchcraft
Gerald Freedman

Gerald Freedman (June 25, 1927 - March 17, 2020) was an American theatre director, librettist, and lyricist, and a college dean. He was born in Lorain, Ohio.
Freedman was leading artistic director (1960-1967) and artistic director (1967-1971) of Joseph Papp's New York Shakespeare Festival, artistic director of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio (1985-1997), and co-artistic director of John Houseman's The Acting Company (1974-1977).
He taught at Yale School of Drama and the Juilliard School.
He was Dean of the Drama School at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts (1991-2012). He was the first American ever invited to direct at the Globe Theatre in London. He was a member of the Kennedy Center New Play Committee and the College of Fellows of the American Theatre. He participated in the Oomoto Institute, Kameoka, Japan.
He died on March 17, 2020 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina of kidney failure, aged 92.
References
1927 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
American theatre directors
Educators from Ohio
Writers from Ohio
People from Lorain, Ohio
American Sniper

American Sniper is a 2014 American drama movie. It is directed by Clint Eastwood. It is based on a book by Chris Kyle called American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History. It stars Bradley Cooper in the leading role with Sienna Miller. It was released to positive reviews on December 25, 2014. The movie was nominated for six awards at the 2015 Oscars.
References
2014 drama movies
American drama movies
2010s English-language movies
Movies set in Iraq
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Clint Eastwood
Movies based on the September 11 attacks
Neuville-Saint-Vaast

Neuville-Saint-Vaast is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Balmaha

Balmaha (Gaelic: Baile MoThatha) is a small village on the eastern shore of Loch Lomond in the council area of Stirling, Scotland.
The village has a few shops. There is an inn called the Oak Tree Inn. There is also a village shop, selling gifts and food. There is also a visitor centre.
Villages in Stirling council
Warren Park, Indiana

Warren Park is a town in Warren Township, Marion County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,480 at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in Indiana
Torbjörntorp

Torbjorntorp is a locality in Falkoping Municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 475 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Controlled language

Controlled natural languages (CNLs) are artificial languages built by simplifying the grammar and reducing the number of words in the language to avoid ambiguity or complexity.
There are two types of controlled languages: some designed to help non-native speakers of a language, and some designed to enable automatic semantic analysis.
The first type of languages are often called "simplified" or "technical" languages. They are used by businesses or industries to improve the quality of technical writing. The standard terms simplify the semi-automatic translation to other languages. Examples are: the ASD Sim Technical English, Caterpillar Technical English, and IBM's Easy English.
Simplified (or technical) languages guide the writer by general rules such as "write short and simple sentences", "use the person's name ("John Smith" for example) instead of saying "him", and "talk about who is doing something, rather than what is being done, unless you need to say what is being done".
The second type of languages have well defined rules for writing and understanding. These rules can be matched to formal languages, such as first-order logic. The languages can be analysed by computer. They can be checked to see they are correct. They can be searched for information easily.
Languages
Existing controlled natural languages include:
Globish
Attempto Controlled English
Basic English
ClearTalk
Common Logic Controlled English
E-Prime
Gellish Formal English
ModeLang
Newspeak
Plain English
Processable English (PENG)
Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules
Special English
Related pages
Constructed language
Knowledge representation
Natural language processing
References
Other websites
Controlled Natural Languages (Macquarie University)
Overview of Controlled English and HyperSTE, customizable Controlled English checker
Simplus - Simplified English Checker
Freelance Translation
acrolinx®️ Information Quality Suite - Customizable controlled language checker for many authoring environments
PERMIS Policy Editor uses controlled English in its user interface
Akis, Jennifer Wells, and William R. Sisson. (2002) Improving Translatability: A Case Study at Sun Microsystems, Inc. Globalization Insider (Localization Industry Standards Association's e-magazine).
Kohl, John R. (2008) Language Quality-Assurance Software: Optimizing Your Documentation for a Global Audience.Intercom 55.5 (May), pp. 6-9.
Kohl, John R. (2007) Assisted Writing and Editing at SAS. ClientSideNews Magazine 7.8 (August): 7-10.
Constructed languages
New Zealand parrot

The Stringipoidea is a small superfamily of New Zealand parrots. It only has three genera: Nestor, the Kakapo Strigops and the fossil Nelepsittacus.
The genus Nestor consists of the Kea, and the Kaka, while the genus Strigops contains the iconic Kakapo. All living species are endemic to New Zealand. The modern common species names, Kea, Kaka and Kakapo, are the same as the original Maori names.
The nearby island species, the Norfolk Kaka and the Chatham Kaka, became extinct in recent times. The extinct species of the genus Nelepsittacus have been extinct for 16 million years. All living forms are threatened. Human activity caused the two extinctions and the decline of the other three species. Settlers introduced invasive species, such as pigs and possums, which eat the eggs of ground nesting birds. Also hunting for food, killing as agricultural pests, habitat loss, and introduced wasps have added to the problem.
The family diverged from the other parrots around 82 million years ago when New Zealand broke off from Gondwana, and the ancestors of the genera Nestor and Strigops diverged from each other between 60 and 80 million years ago.
References
Birds of New Zealand
Parrots
Big Jay McNeely

Cecil James McNeely (April 29, 1927 - September 16, 2018), better known as Big Jay McNeely, was an American rhythm and blues saxophonist. He was born in Los Angeles, California. McNeely's first hit was "The Deacon's Hop," an instrumental which was at the top of the Billboard R&B chart in early 1949. He was added into The Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame.
McNeely died on September 16, 2018 from prostate cancer in Moreno Valley, California at the age of 91.
References
Other websites
Official Website Big Jay McNeely
Big Jay McNeely MySpace page
Big Jay McNeely page at This is Vintage Now
Dozens of vintage photos and album covers
McNeely stage performance photograph at Soulpatrol.com
Big Jay McNeely and "Detroit" Gary Wiggins - Saxomania Tour Europe
NAMM (National Association of Music Merchants) Oral History Interview with Big Jay McNeely May 23, 2013
1927 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American saxophonists
American R&B musicians
American soul musicians
Musicians from Los Angeles
Herbert Köfer

Herbert Kofer (17 February 1921 - 24 July 2021) was a German actor and television presenter. He was born in Berlin. He starred in the 1963 movie Naked Among Wolves as Kluttig. He was also known for appearing in many comedy and crime movies through Polizeiruf 110.
Kofer turned 100 in February 2021. and died in Berlin on 24 July 2021, aged 100.
References
Other websites
Herbert Kofer at filmportal.de
Herbert Kofer at film-zeit.de
1921 births
2021 deaths
German centenarians
German comedians
German television presenters
German movie actors
German television actors
German stage actors
Actors from Berlin
Ilfis

The Ilfis (in the local dialect: []) is a Swiss river in the cantons of Berne and Lucerne. It runs through the Entlebuch and upper Emmental regions before joining the Emme river.
Rivers of Switzerland
Canton of Bern
Canton of Lucerne
2006–07 Austrian Cup

The 2006-07 Austrian Cup was the 73rd season of the nationwide cup competition in Austrian football. FK Austria Wien were the defending champions.
First round
Second round
Round of 16
Quarter finals
Semi-finals
Final
Top goalscorers
References
Austrian Cup
2007 in Europe
2007 in association football
2000s in Austria
Gazelle

Gazelles are a kind of antelope. They are in the genera Gazella, Eudorcas and Nanger.
Gazelles are mostly found in the grasslands and savannas of Africa, but they are also found in southwest Asia. Gazelles are known as fast animals. They can reach high speeds for long periods of time. They usually live in herds. They eat plants and leaves. They show a special way of running slowly and jumping high when they are chased by lions or cheetahs.
Gazelle comes from the Arabic ghazal ().
Taxonomy
Genus Gazella
Mountain gazelle, Gazella gazella
Speke's gazelle, Gazella spekei
Dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas
Saudi gazelle, Gazella saudiya+
Chinkara, Gazella bennettii
Cuvier's gazelle, Gazella cuvieri
Rhim gazelle, Gazella leptoceros
Goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa
Arabian gazelle, Gazella arabica+
Genus Eudorcas
Thomson's gazelle, Eudorcas thomsoni
Red-fronted gazelle, Eudorcas rufifrons
Red gazelle, Gazella rufina+
Genus Nanger
Dama gazelle, Nanger dama
Grant's gazelle, Nanger granti
Soemmerring's gazelle, Nanger soemmerringii
References
Bovids
Province of Siena

The Province of Siena () is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. The capital of the province is the city of Siena.
The province has an area of 3,821 km2 (1475 mile2) and a total population of 252,288 (2001). There are 36 comuni (singular: comune) in the province. At June 30, 2005, the main comuni by population are:
The province is divided into seven historical areas:
Alta Val d'Elsa
Chianti senese
The urban area of (Monteriggioni and Siena)
Val di Merse
Crete senesi Val d'Arbia
Val di Chiana senese
Val d'Orcia and Amiata
Other websites
Province homepage
S
Hertford College, Oxford

Hertford College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The full name of the college is the Principal, Fellows and Scholars of Hertford College in the University of Oxford. It is best-known for its bridge, called "The Bridge of Sighs".
Hertford was originally known as "Hart Hall". The land for Hart Hall was bought by Elias de Hertford in 1282. Hart Hall was a residence for students at other colleges in Oxford. In 1312, Hart Hall was purchased by Walter de Stapledon, who was the Bishop of Exeter. De Stapledon founded Exeter College and Hart Hall was controlled by Exeter College for many years.
In 1710, William Newton became the Principal of Hart Hall. In 1723, Newton formally proposed that Hart Hall be chartered as its own college. In 1740 a charter was granted for the new Hertford College. After Newton died, however, the college declined, and it was dissolved in 1816.
The grounds of the college was taken over by Magdalen Hall. Magdalen Hall began as a grammar school associated with Magdalen College in 1480. Magdalen Hall moved to the site of the former Hertford College in 1822. It grew at the new site, and in 1874, Magdalen Hall was given a charter as Hertford College. The new name was chosen so that it would not be confused with Magdalen College, and because it was on the location of the former Hertford College.
References
Colleges of the University of Oxford
1874 establishments in England
Meowingtons Hax Tour Trax

Meowingtons Hax Tour Trax is a studio album. It is by artists who are signed to Deadmau5's record label, Mau5trap. It was made to promote the artists and his Meowingtons Hax Tour, which was named after his cat, Professor Meowingtons. Despite the name, only one of the tracks on the album is by Deadmau5, and the rest are by other artists, including Skrillex, Moguai, Datsik and Feed Me.
Track listing
2011 albums
Deadmau5 albums
Virgin Records albums
Schlierbach, Haut-Rhin

Schlierbach is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Xinhai metro station

Xinhai is a metro station on the Wenhu Line in Taipei, Taiwan. The station code of this station is BR05.
Station layout information
The platforms are above ground level. Platform 1 is for Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center and Platform 2 is for Taipei Zoo.
Around the station
Xinhai Elementary School
Dunnan Linyin Community
Taipei Metro
Saint Mary's County, Maryland

Saint Mary's County is a county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 105,151. Its county seat is Leonardtown. The county was formed on January 24, 1637.
References
1630s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
1637 establishments
Maryland counties
Hurley, South Dakota

Hurley is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Turner County, and 415 people lived there at the 2010 census. Hurley became a city in 1883.
References
Cities in South Dakota
1883 establishments in Dakota Territory
Biohazzard Records

Biohazzard Records is a German based Independent record label. It was founded by music journalist Sascha Bahn and Alexander C.H. Lorenz (publisher of "MUMM" compilation). He has more as 20 years experience in management of bands. The label is distributed through "Alive!", edel.net (Digital Distribution) and DanseMacabre (Das Ich). They focus at Gothic, Gothic Metal and some kinds of Electro.
Releases
2000: Sinnflut - Vergessene Melodien
2001: Sinnflut - Wortlosigkeit
2003: Silence - The p/o/u/r letters
2003: Sinnflut - Gefuge (Part I & II)
2004: Sinnflut - Im Anblick meines Augenblicks
2006: Eisenfunk - Funkferngesteuert
2006: Sanity Obscure - Resurrection
2007: Silence - the badtime stories e.p.
2007: Eisenfunk - Eisenfunk
2007: adoptedCHILD - geliebt-getotet
Artists
Eisenfunk
PISCIDE
adoptedCHILD
Sanity Obscure
Silence
Sinnflut
Die Braut
Concrete/Rage
Agapesis
Scarelett
S.C. Inc
Other websites
Biohazzard Records
Biohazzard Records@myspace
Independent record labels
Entertainment in Germany
Companies of Germany
Departure of a Grand Old Man

Departure of a Grand Old Man () is a 1912 Russian silent drama movie directed by Yakov Protazanov and Elizaveta Thiman. It stars Olga Petrova, Vladimir Shaternikov, and Leo Tolstoy.
Actors
Olga Petrova as Sofia Tolstaya
Vladimir Shaternikov as Leo Tolstoy
Leo Tolstoy
Mikhail Tamarov as Vladimir Chertkov
Elizaveta Thiman as Alexandra Lvovna Tolstaya
References
Other websites
1912 drama movies
Russian drama movies
Russian silent movies
Movies directed by Yakov Protazanov
The World Factbook

The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a book that contains the Central Intelligence Agency's information about the world's countries. A new book is published every year. The Factbook provides a two- to three-page summary of the demographics, geography, communications, government, economy, and military of 272 countries, dependencies, and other areas in the world.
The World Factbook is designed to be used by people that work for the United States government, but it is also used by students, on websites, and in other publications that are not made by governments. Because the U.S. Government made it, it is in the public domain.
References
Other websites
Official website
Reference works
Central Intelligence Agency
BCS National Championship Game

The BCS National Championship is a game of American football, played each year by the best two college football teams in the United States. It is the final game of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS). The game happens in the beginning of January each year and the stadium changes each time. The winning team receives a trophy that looks like a glass football.
College football
Hugo Banzer

Hugo Banzer Suarez (May 10, 1926 - May 5, 2002) was a Bolivian politician, military general, and dictator. He was the President of Bolivia. He held the Bolivian presidency twice: from 1971 to 1978, as a dictator; and then again from 1997 to his resignation in 2001.
Banzer was born in Concepcion, Santa Cruz. He studied at the School of the Americas. Banzer died on May 5, 2002 in Santa Cruz, Bolivia from lung cancer, aged 75.
References
Other websites
On the crisis of December 1977 (video)
1926 births
2002 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Presidents of Bolivia
Former dictators
British Rail Class 139

Class 139 is the TOPS classification for PPM60 model lightweight railcar units built by Parry People Movers for use on the national rail network in Great Britain. The class were originally built in 2008 for operation on the Stourbridge Town Branch Line.
References
139
Marble (toy)

A marble is a small toy often made from glass, clay, steel, plastic, or agate. They have different sizes. Most often, they are about in diameter, but they may be less than to over , while some glass marbles for art are over wide. Marbles can be used for games called marbles. They are often collected, both for fun and for their colors. In the North of England, the toys and the game are called "taws", with larger taws being called bottle washers after the use of a marble in Codd-neck bottles, which were often found for play. These toys can be used to make marble runs, a form of art, or they can be used in marble races, a kind of race using marbles.
Toys
Lessebo

Lessebo is an urban area in the county of Kronoberg in Sweden. It is the seat of Lessebo Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Kronoberg County
Death marches during the Holocaust

During the Holocaust, death marches took place mostly in 1944-1945. Many Jewish prisoners were forced to walk to concentration camps, and more than 15,000 people died along the way. German Soldiers followed strict orders to shoot any prisoner who went too slow or fell down. Prisoners were brutally mistreated and killed while they marched forward.
The Holocaust
Luanshya

Luanshya is a town in Zambia, in the Copperbelt Province near Ndola. It has a population of 117,579 (2008 census).
Towns in Africa
Geography of Zambia
Great Commission

The Great Commission in Christian belief is something that Jesus told his followers. This happened after his resurrection. Jesus told his Twelve Apostles to go all over the world and tell everyone about Him. The most well known version of the Great Commission is in Matthew 28:16 to 20. Jesus meets his followers on a mountain in Galilee. He tells them to make disciples of and baptize everyone in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
Earlier Jesus had sent out 70 of his followers to preach and heal, but only to the Jews. However, Jesus himself had healed some non-Jewish people before. At the beginning of his public work, Jesus spoke to His own people. After rising from the dead, he made it clear that His message was for everyone. This "commission" is very important to missionaries who believe that God wants them to go to every country in the world and preach about Jesus.
Christianity
Jesus
Actinopterygii

The Actinopterygii is the class of ray-finned fishes.
The ray-finned fishes get their name from the fact their fins are webs of skin held by bony or horny spines ("rays"). This is different from the fleshy fins of the fish in the Sarcopterygii. Ray-finned fish first appeared in the Silurian period.
Actinopterygians are the largest class of vertebrates. There are nearly 25,000 species. They can be found in both fresh water and marine environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams.
Most of the living species are teleosts, which are late-comers to the fish domain. The first teleosts are in the Mesozoic era, yet now they make up 96% of all fish.
Taxonomy
Chondrostei (bichirs and sturgeons)
Neopterygii
Holostei (gars and bowfins)
Teleostei
Osteoglossomorpha
Elopomorpha (eels)
Clupeomorpha (herrings, anchovies)
Ostariophysi (goldfish, minnows, catfish, electric eels)
Protacanthopterygii (salmon, trout, pike)
Stenopterygii
Cyclosquamata
Scopelomorpha
Lampridiomorpha
Polymyxiomorpha
Paracanthopterygii (cod, anglerfish)
Acanthopterygii (mullets, flying fishes, sticklebacks, seahorses, flatfish, cichlids, mackerel, tuna, perch)
References
Anaphrodisiac

An anaphrodisiac is something that makes the one who uses it less aroused. This can be a medicine, a food or a procedure. It is sometimes used to treat hypersexuals. It is also used for an animal that is in heat. Pills that lower the libido are sometimes called antaphrodisiacs.
References
Sexuality
Anaphrodisiacs
Yakovlev Yak-3

The Yakovlev Yak-3 is a Soviet single-engine fighter aircraft. It was one of the main military aircraft used in USSR for World War II. The first flight was in 1941. It started being used in 1943. Some were used by French pilots of the Groupe Normandie-Niemen.
After the war, some were used in Poland and Yugoslavia. More than 4,800 were built.
World War II Soviet aircraft
Aurora, Nebraska

Aurora is a city in Nebraska in the United States. It is the county seat of Hamilton County.
Cities in Nebraska
County seats in Nebraska