pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Concert of Europe

The Concert of Europe was a group of countries in Europe who worked together and agreed on policies to maintain a steady balance of power which included alliances between the great powers in 1814 and 1914. The member countries were the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia, France (from 1815), Prussia (Germany from 1871) and Italy (from 1871).
It started as a quadruple alliance. After Napoleon, ruler of France, was no longer in power, France joined the Concert of Europe. Its importance diminished with the revolutions of 1848 and subsequent wars between the big powers. Otto von Bismarck re-established the Concert of Europe after the unifications of Germany and Italy. The Concert definitively collapsed with World War I.
Leaders
The leaders of this concert include:
British Foreign Secretary - Lord Castlereagh
Austrian Chancellor - Prince Klemenz von Metternich
Russian Czar - Alexander I
The Concert was also known as the Congress System, where leaders would meet and reach decisions by mutual agreement.
Goals
Important goals of the Concert:
Control France after many years of war
Develop a "balance of power" among the nations of Europe
Uphold the agreements set by the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)
Prevent another dictator from gaining too much power (like Napoleon)
Benefits:
Helped Greece and Belgium gain independence
Helped end the eight-year Egyptian control of Syria
Decline:
Fell apart after years of disagreement between the countries
Mainly between Great Britain (England) and the other conservative countries in the Concert
Finally fell after the following wars: Crimean War, Italian War for Independence, Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War.
19th-century treaties
Diplomacy
History of international relations
sl:Metternichov absolutizem
Key schedule

In cryptography, the so-called product ciphers are a certain kind of ciphers, where the decryption of data is done in "rounds". The general setup of each round is the same, except for some hard-coded parameters and a part of the cipher key, called a subkey. A key schedule is an algorithm that, given the key, calculates the subkeys for these rounds.
Some types of key schedules
Some ciphers have simple key schedules. For example, the block cipher TEA simply splits the 128-bit key into four 32-bit pieces and uses them repeatedly in successive rounds.
DES uses a key schedule where the 56 bit key is divided into two 28-bit halves then each half is treated separately. In successive rounds, both halves are rotated left by one or two bits (specified for each round), and then 48 subkey bits are selected by Permuted Choice 2 (PC-2) -- 24 bits from the left half, and 24 from the right. The rotations mean that a different set of bits is used in each subkey; each bit is used in approximately 14 out of the 16 subkeys.
In an effort to avoid simple relationships between the cipher key and the subkeys, to resist such forms of cryptanalysis as related-key attacks and slide attacks, many modern ciphers use much more complex key schedules, such as algorithms that use a one-way function to generate an "expanded key" from which subkeys are drawn. Some ciphers, such as Rijndael (AES) and Blowfish, use parts of the cipher algorithm itself for this key expansion, sometimes initialized with some "nothing up my sleeve numbers". Other ciphers, such as RC5, expand keys with functions that are somewhat or completely different from the encryption functions.
Notes
Knudsen and Mathiassen (2004) give some experimental evidence that indicate that the key schedule plays a part in providing strength against linear and differential cryptanalysis. For toy Feistel ciphers, it was observed that those with complex and well-designed key schedules can reach a uniform distribution for the probabilities of differentials and linear hulls faster than those with poorly-designed key schedules.
References
Lars R. Knudsen and John Erik Mathiassen, On the Role of Key Schedules in Attacks on Iterated Ciphers, ESORICS 2004, pp322-334.
Cryptography
Lovebug Starski

Kevin Smith (May 16, 1960 - February 8, 2018), best known by his stage name Lovebug Starski, was an American MC, musician, and record producer. He was born in The Bronx, New York.
Starski began his career as a record boy in 1971 as hip-hop. He eventually became a DJ at the Disco Fever club in 1978. He was one of two people who may have come up with the term "hip-hop".
Starski died of a heart attack in Las Vegas, Nevada on February 8, 2018 at the age of 57.
References
Other websites
1960 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American DJs
Rappers from New York (state)
American hip hop musicians
American record producers
Musicians from New York City
Wolfenschiessen

Wolfenschiessen is a municipality of the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.
The main sights of Wolfenschiessen are: the parish church St. Maria, the chapel St. Joder in Altzellen, the mansions Hechhuis, and the Grossitz mansion.
References
Other websites
Official Website of Wolfenschiessen
Municipalities of Nidwalden
Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham (15 February 1748 - 6 June 1832) was an English, jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer. He is best known as one of the first people to be for utilitarianism, animal rights and gay rights.
Bentham was one of the most influential (classical) liberals, partially through his writings but particularly through his students all around the world, including John Stuart Mill and several political leaders (and Robert Owen, who later started the idea of socialism). He is believed to be the innovator of classical liberalism, a term first coined in the 19th century. After he died, his body was preserved and is on public display at University College London to this day
Refences
1748 births
1832 deaths
Bentham, Jeremy
Rodrigo Borja Cevallos

Rodrigo Borja Cevallos (born 19 June 1935) is an Ecuadorian politician. He was President of Ecuador from 10 August 1988 to 10 August 1992.
He focused on Ecuador's economic problems during his presidency, and he increased collaboration with other countries in the Americas.
Cevallos was born on 19 June 1935 in Quito, Ecuador. He is a direct descendant of Pope Alexander VI.
References
1935 births
Living people
Presidents of Ecuador
Politicians from Quito
Conduit current collection

Conduit current collection is a system of electric current collection used by electric trams. The power supply is in a channel under the roadway, rather than in overhead wires.
Related pages
Ground-level power supply
Kingsway tramway subway
Railway electrification system
Tramway tracks
Third rail
Other websites
Article on NYC conduits
Illustrated articles on London's conduits and the Kingsway Tram Subway.
Description on the underground conduit system - as of December 2006 link appears to no longer be valid.
Information, photographs and some sound clips about the ground level power supply system currently being used in Bordeaux, France.
Electric rail transport
Tram technology
The Wolf Among Us

The Wolf Among Us is an episodic graphic adventure video game developed and published by Telltale Games. It is based on the Fables comic book series by Bill Willingham. It is set as a prequel to the comic book and is canon with the comic book universe.
The first season for the game consists of five episodes. The first episode was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows and the Xbox 360 on October 11, 2013, for OS X worldwide on October 14, 2013, for PlayStation 3 on October 15, 2013, in North America and on October 16, 2013, in both Europe and Australia, for iOS worldwide on December 4, 2013, and PlayStation Vita before the end of 2014. The retail versions of the game for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One consoles are expected to be released later in 2014.
In the game, the player controls Bigby Wolf, formerly the Big Bad Wolf. Bigby is the sheriff of Fabletown and works at the "Business Office" under interim mayor Ichabod Crane. He is aided by Snow White and her Magic Mirror during his investigation along with the help of Bufkin the winged monkey who manages the records of Fabletown. Bigby saves a young prostitute from a drunk Woodsman. He leads her to safety and she tells him that he is not as bad as everyone says he is. The next day, Bigby is shocked to find that the woman's head had been left on the Woodlands doorstep. Clues that were left with her head identify her as Faith, a Fable from Allerleirauh. Ichabod Crane then orders that Bigby and Snow White investigate her death.
References
Other websites
Official website
2013 video games
Adventure games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation Vita games
Point-and-click adventure games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
Xbox One games
Dinant

Dinant is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 13143 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 15 North, 04deg 54 East.
Sisters cities
Dinan, France
Caldas da Rainha, Portugal
Hoddesdon, England
Chios, Greece
Cagayan de Oro, Philippines
References
Municipalities of Namur
Autogyro

An autogyro, also known as a gyroplane, is a type of rotorcraft that uses an unpowered rotor to fly. The autogyro's rotor must have air flowing across the rotor disc to create rotation, and the air flows upwards through the rotor disc and not down. Only one or two people can be on an autogyro.
The autogyro was invented by Spanish engineer Juan de la Cierva to create an aircraft that could fly safely at low speeds. He first flew one on 9 January 1923 in Madrid. Cierva's autogyro is thought to be the predecessor of the modern helicopter.
References
Aircraft
Rockcastle County, Kentucky

Rockcastle County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,056. Its county seat is Mount Vernon. The county formed in 1810 and named for the Rockcastle River which runs through it.
References
1810s establishments in Kentucky
1810 establishments in the United States
Kentucky counties
Senate of Chile

The Senate of Chile is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress established in the Chilean constitution.
Related pages
President of the Senate of Chile
National Congress of Chile
Chamber of Deputies of Chile
Other websites
The Official website of the Chilean Senate
Government of Chile
Chile
Rojak

Rojak is a local food of mixed vegetables and fruits with sweet and sour sauce. Rojak is commonly found in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia but it is popular in Singapore because the dish combines ingredients from the region and different ethnic groups, and reflects Singapore's cultural diversity. Usually, rojak is served as a side dish but it can also be served as a main dish.
References
Salads
Praga NDO

The Praga NDO was a bus made by the Czech automaker Praga from 1938 to 1948. The Praga NDO had 80.9-91.9 kW (108.5-123.2 hp) engines and a 5-speed gearbox.
Buses
Campo nell'Elba

Campo nell'Elba is a comune (municipality) on the island of Elba, in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region of Tuscany.
References
Settlements in Tuscany
Heartbreak on Hold

Heartbreak on Hold is the second studio album by British recording artist Alexandra Burke. It was released digitally on 1 June 2012 through Syco and RCA Records, and a physical version was issued three days later. The album marks her final record with both record labels, parting between 2012 and the following year. Burke started working on the album in late 2010, and worked with Cutfather, Erick Morillo, Autumn Rowe, and Ben Adams, as well as other producers and writers. Burke had also worked with RedOne, who previously produced a most of her debut album Overcome (2009), but none of their music that they made together were included on the album.
Critical reception
Heartbreak on Hold received mixed reviews from music critics.
Track listing
Notes
"Oh La La" interpolates portions of the composition entitled "Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)" by Crystal Waters.
"Devil in Me" interpolates portions of the composition entitled "Love Sensation" by Loleatta Holloway.
Charts
Release history
References
2012 albums
Alexandra Burke albums
Pop albums
Dance albums
R&B albums
Bert Jansch

Herbert "Bert" Jansch (3 November 1943--5 October 2011) was a Scottish singer-songwriter regarded as one of Britain's great folk guitarists. He was born in Glasgow, but his parents were German. After his father left the family they moved to Edinburgh. Jansch made his own guitar by the age of 12. After leaving school he began playing guitar, mainly blues, at various music clubs in Scotland and England.
His first album, Bert Jansch, was made in 1965 and quickly became successful. The song "Needle of Death" about drug addiction, created a lot of interest as this was a subject that was not talked about very much at that time. His second album, It Don't Bother Me, featured his friend John Renbourn, another great guitar player. The two players became very popular as a duo, and made the very successful album, Jack Orion, in 1966. This album had some traditional folk songs, including a version of "Blackwaterside", played in a jazz style. The rock band Led Zepplin later recorded his arrangement of the song.
Jansch and Renbourn made another duo recording in 1966 called Bert and John. They started playing with other musicians they met in London, and finally formed a band, Pentangle, with bass player Danny Thompson, drummer Terry Cox, and vocalist Jacqui McShee. Pentangle was instantly successful. Jansch did not enjoy fame, and left the band in 1973. He continued to play and make albums.
Jansch often played on other people's recordings, including the Babyshambles album Shotter's Nation (2007). In 2010, despite being ill with lung cancer, he went on tour in the US with American musician, Neil Young. Jansch died of lung cancer in Hampstead, London.
Recordings
Jansch has made many albums including:
Bert Jansch (1965)
It Don't Bother Me (1965)
Jack Orion (1966) with John Renbourn
Bert and John (1966) with John Renbourn
Nicola (1967)
The Pentangle (1968) with Pentangle
Sweet Child (1968) with Pentangle
Birthday Blues (1969)
Basket of Light (1969) with Pentangle
Cruel Sister (1970) with Pentangle
Reflection (1971) with Pentangle
Rosemary Lane (1971)
Solomon's Seal (1972) with Pentangle
Moonshine (1973)
LA Turnaround (1974)
Santa Barbara Honeymoon (1975)
A Rare Conundrum (1977)
Avocet (1979)
Thirteen Down (1980)
Heartbreak (1982)
From The Outside (1985)
Leather Launderette (1989)
Sketches (1990)
The Ornament Tree (1990)
Live At The 12 Bar (1996)
When the Circus Comes to Town (1995)
Toy Ballon (1998)
Crimson Moon (2000)
Downunder: Live In Australia (2001)
Dazzling Stranger: The Bert Jansch Anthology (2000)
Edge Of A Dream (2002)
The Black Swan (2006)
References
Other websites
Official website
1943 births
2011 deaths
British folk musicians
British guitarists
Musicians from Edinburgh
Scottish singer-songwriters
Philip Larkin

Philip Arthur Larkin CH, CBE, FRSL (9 August 1922 - 2 December 1985) was a English poet and novelist.
Larkin was born and raised in Coventry, Warwickshire, where he attended primary and secondary school. He graduated from St John's College, Oxford with a double first in English language and literature.
Larkin spent the latter years of his life in Hull, where he was a librarian at the University of Hull. Larkin died in Hull, Humberside, of oesophageal cancer.
References
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from esophageal cancer
English novelists
English poets
People from Coventry
1922 births
1985 deaths
American Enterprise Institute

The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, also known as the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), is a think tank in Washington, D.C. that researches government, politics, economics, and social welfare. AEI is an independent nonprofit organization supported mostly by grants and donations from foundations, corporations, and people.
It was created in 1938. AEI's stated goal is "to defend the principles and improve the institutions of American freedom and democratic capitalism--limited government, private enterprise, individual liberty and responsibility, vigilant and effective defense and foreign policies, political accountability, and open debate". AEI mostly believes in conservatism and neoconservatism, although it is officially non-partisan (does not officially support any political party).
AEI is governed by a Board of Trustees that has 28 members. It is made up of executives and former executives from various corporations. Approximately 185 authors are associated with AEI.
References
Other websites
Organizational Profile - National Center for Charitable Statistics (Urban Institute)
EDIRC listing (provided by RePEc)
Christopher DeMuth, "Think-Tank Confidential: What I learned during two decades as head of America's most influential policy shop", The Wall Street Journal, October 11, 2007
Think tanks based in the United States
Non-profit organizations of Washington, D.C.
Gina Rinehart

Gina Rinehart (born 9 February 1954) is an Australian mining company owner and billionaire. She is among the world's richest women.
Early life
Georgina Hancock was born in Perth, Western Australia. She is the only child of Lang Hancock (1909-1992).
Career
She is the head of Hancock Prospecting.
She inherited the company from her father.
References
1954 births
Living people
Australian businesspeople
Australian billionaires
People from Perth, Western Australia
Book of Baruch

The Book of Baruch, sometimes called 1 Baruch, is a deuterocanonical or apocryphal book of the Bible, meaning it is considered part of the Bible by Catholics and members of the Orthodox Church but generally not by Protestants. Even though it is not in the Hebrew Bible, it is in the Septuagint and in the Vulgate Bible, and also in Theodotion's version of the Bible. The Book claims to be have been written by the secretary of the prophet Jeremiah called Baruch in the sixth century BC, which might be true, but the Book was likely only completed in the first century BC. A manuscript of Baruch was found at the Caves of Qumran. The Book of Baruch contains prayer, a request for forgiveness, a recommendation to learn wisdom, a call to be hopeful in the face of Jerusalem's destruction, as well as a reminder to avoid worshiping idols.
Catholic Bibles also add the Letter of Jeremiah to the Book of Baruch as a sixth chapter.
References
Other websites
Jewish Encyclopedia: Baruch
N.A.B. Introduction to Baruch
Prophecy of Baruch Full Text by chapter
Latin Vulgate with Douay-Rheims freeware with bookmarking, search, and other features
The Book of Baruch Full text from http://St-Takla.org (also available in Arabic)
World Wide Study Bible: Baruch
Encyclopedia Britannica: Baruch
Books of the Bible
Sonic the Hedgehog (TV series)

Sonic the Hedgehog is the name of a cartoon series, starring Sonic the Hedgehog. It is more popularly known as "SatAM Sonic", especially to distinguish itself from other similarly named animated shows that also star Sonic.
This series was made by DiC Entertainment, and originally ran on ABC from September 18, 1993 to June 3, 1995, and had a total of 26 episodes, at 13 episodes per season.
The show starred Sonic the Hedgehog, and the Knothole Freedom Fighters, a group of woodland animals united to fight the evil Doctor Robotnik, who has taken over the entire planet.
References
Animated television series
English-language television programs
CCH Pounder

Carol Christine Hilaria Pounder (born 25 December 1952) is a Guyanese-American actress. On television, she is known for roles such as Angela Hicks in the medical drama series ER (1994-1997), Claudette Wyms in the police drama series The Shield (2002-2008), Amanda Waller in the animated series Justice League Unlimited (2004-2006), Tyne Patterson in the crime drama series Sons of Anarchy (2013-2014) and Loretta Wade in the police drama series NCIS: New Orleans (2014-present).
Pounder's first acting role was in the movie All That Jazz (1979). Her other movie credits include Prizzi's Honor (1985), Bagdad Cafe (1987), Postcards from the Edge (1990), Psycho IV: The Beginning (1990), Benny & Joon (1993), Demon Knight (1995), Face/Off (1997), End of Days (1999), Orphan (2009), Avatar (2009), The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones (2013) and Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019).
Pounder was born in Georgetown, British Guiana (now Guyana). She went to a boarding school in England. She moved to the United States in 1970.
References
Other websites
1952 births
Living people
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
People from Georgetown, Guyana
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Darryl McDaniels

Darryl Matthews McDaniels (born May 31, 1964), better known by his stage name DMC, is an American rapper. He was a member of the hip hop group Run-D.M.C.
Discography
Solo albums
Checks Thugs and Rock n Roll (2006)
Back from the Dead EP (2017)
References
1964 births
Living people
American adoptees
American hip hop musicians
Rappers from New Jersey
Rappers from New York (state)
20th-century American rappers
21st-century American rappers
People from Harlem
Under My Thumb

"Under My Thumb" is a song by The Rolling Stones. It is the fourth track from their 1966 studio album Aftermath. Although it was not released in the English-language countries. It has become one of the band's biggest hits of the 1960s and appears on their greatest hits albums such as Hot Licks 1964-1971. It has been covered by Del Shannon, The Who and Tina Turner.
References
1966 songs
The Rolling Stones songs
The Who songs
Tina Turner songs
Del Shannon songs
Montaione

Montaione is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Settlements in Tuscany
Pierina Legnani

Pierina Legnani (1863-1930) was an Italian ballerina who introduced the 32 fouettes en tournant to the ballet world in 1893. She was born on 30 September 1863 in Milan, Italy. From 1893 until 1901, she was Prima Ballerina Assoluta at the Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg. Legnani trained at La Scala.
Legnani danced Odette/Odile in the 1895 revised version of Swan Lake. Her last performance was in Petipa's La Camargo on 28 January 1901. She retired to her villa at Lake Como. She was on the examining board of La Scala Ballet School until four months before her death. She died on 15 November 1930.
References
Notes
Ballerinas
1863 births
1930 deaths
Italian people
Orion (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Orion is a giant hunter. When he goes hunting, his dogs Sirius and Procycon accompany him. He lived in Boeotia and Crete. People do not agree about his parents: Sometimes he is said to be the son of Poseidon and the gorgon Euryale, at other times, he is said to have three fathers, Poseidon, Zeus and either Hermes or Ares. All three mixed their sperm in a bag of animal hide. Zeus gave him his craving for erotic adventures, from Poseidon, he got the ability to walk on water.
He is married to Side, but Hera cast his wife into the Tartaros, because Side was too proud of her own beauty.
In Greek literature he first appears as a great hunter in Homer's epic the Odyssey, where Odysseus sees his shade in the underworld. The bare bones of his story are told by the Hellenistic and Roman collectors of myths, but there is no literary version of his adventures. Other heroes' stories are told, for example Jason in Apollonius of Rhodes' Argonautica or Euripides' Medea. The entry in Ovid's Fasti for May 11 is a poem on the birth of Orion, but that is one version of a single story. The surviving fragments of legend have provided a fertile field for speculation about Greek prehistory and myth.
Orion served several roles in ancient Greek culture. The story of the adventures of Orion, the hunter, is the one on which we have the most evidence (and even on that not very much); he is also the personification of the constellation of the same name; he was venerated as a hero, in the Greek sense, in the region of Boeotia; and there is one etiological passage which says that Orion was responsible for the present shape of the Straits of Sicily.
People in Greek mythology
Desmond Mason

Desmond Mason is a retired basketball player. He was born on October 11, 1977 in Waxahachie, Texas. He went to Oklahoma State University. In 2000 and 2001 he was named All Rookie award in second place.
Other websites
Basketball-Reference
Milwaukee Brewers players
Living people
1977 births
People from Waxahachie, Texas
Seattle SuperSonics players
New Orleans Hornets players
Sacramento Kings players
Oklahoma City Thunder players
Sportspeople from Texas
Grand Cane, Louisiana

Grand Cane is a village in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Villages in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana
Ark-La-Tex
Merlion

Merlion is a national icon of Singapore that can be found at Merlion Park. This icon possess the head of a lion and the body of a fish which have their own meaning. The head of the lion symbolizes Singapore's original city name based on the history of the Srivijaya prince from Palembang who have spied a strange creature identified as a lion when he landed near the mouth of Singapore River. Meanwhile, the body of the fish represent the fishing village as Singapore's origins, known as Temasek.
References
National symbols of Singapore
Tony Hawk

Anthony Frank Hawk (born May 12, 1968) is an American retired professional skateboarder and actor. He is credited with being the first recorded skater to land the 900, which consists of two-and-a-half rotations (900deg) in the air before landing back on the pipe during the televised June 27, 1999 X Games, for which he received an enormous amount of attention. He is also known for his Tony Hawk's video game series.
In July 2021, Hawk briefly ended his competitive retirement to participate in the Vert Best Trick event at that year's X Games, finishing in fourth place out of nine competitors.
References
Other websites
Official website
1968 births
Actors from San Diego, California
American movie actors
Philanthropists from California
American skateboarders
American television actors
Businesspeople from California
Living people
Sportspeople from San Diego, California
Ulysses (1967 movie)

Ulysses is a 1967 British-American drama movie loosely based on James Joyce's novel Ulysses. It concerns the meeting of two Irishmen, Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus, in the Dublin of 1904.
It starred Milo O'Shea as Leopold Bloom, Barbara Jefford as Molly Bloom, Maurice Roeves as Stephen Dedalus, T. P. McKenna as Buck Mulligan and Sheila O'Sullivan as May Golding Dedalus. It was adapted by Fred Haines and Joseph Strick. It was directed by Strick. Haines and Strick shared an Oscar nomination for the screenplay.
References
Other websites
1967 drama movies
1960s British drama movies
1960s American drama movies
Irish drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Joseph Strick
Movies set in Dublin
Lucius Fox

Lucius Fox is a fictional Batman character who helps Batman with equipment and is the manager of Wayne Enterprises. He gives Batman all of the equipment or his financing operations that he needs. He is one of the few people to known Batman's secret identity. He is one of the well known African-American comics characters in DC Comics.
He was played by Morgan Freeman in Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, and in The Dark Knight Rises. Brock Peters was his voice actor in Batman: The Animated Series. Kevin Michael Richardson also makes his voice in some animated movies.
References
Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Eric Djemba-Djemba

Eric Djemba-Djemba (born 4 May 1981) is a Cameroonian football player. He plays for Odense and Cameroon national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Nantes Atlantique||Division 1||14||0
|-
|2002/03||Ligue 1||28||1
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Manchester United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||15||0
|-
|2004/05||5||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Aston Villa||rowspan="3"|Premier League||6||0
|-
|2005/06||4||0
|-
|2006/07||1||0
|-
|2006/07||Burnley||League Championship||15||0
|-
|2007/08||Qatar||Stars League||26||3
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Odense||rowspan="2"|Superliga||30||2
|-
|2009/10||||
42||1
46||0
26||3
30||2
144||6
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2002||8||0
|-
|2003||7||0
|-
|2004||8||0
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||2||0
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
!Total||32||0
|}
References
1981 births
Living people
Cameroonian footballers
Mellotron

The Mellotron is a musical instrument, which appeared in the 1960s. It was the world's second sampled keyboard after the Chamberlin. Mellotrons contained strips made from the sounds of other musical instruments. Instead of sounding exactly like the original instruments, the Mellotron had a unique sound.
Mellotrons did not travel well, and had to be carefully set up every time they were moved. They became popular in recording studios, and with musicians who could leave them in one location.
The Beatles liked the sound of the Mellotron, and used it in many of their songs, like "Strawberry Fields Forever". John Lennon, a member of the Beatles, owned a Mellotron that he kept in his home studio. Paul McCartney and George Harrison, also members of the band, owned Mellotrons and used them in their solo recordings. Harry Nilsson also used a Mellotron on some of his recordings.
Mellotrons are largely obsolete but are still being made in small quantities. Today, digital instruments have mostly taken their place. Digital keyboards are portable, and can be used to make similar sounds anywhere. While digital keyboards have been used since the 1980's to replicate the sounds of many other instruments, they cannot accurately replicate the nuances and idiosyncrasies of the Mellotron because of complex physics involved in the tape playback system. This acknowledged drawback has led to the production of new Mellotrons since 1999.
Keyboard instruments
Motorbike frog

The motorbike frog, also called Moore's frog, western green and golden bell frog, and bull frog (Litoria moorei), is a frog from southwestern Australia.
These frogs can be up to 7.8 cm long. They can come in different colors from brown to green and parts of their skin turn yellow if they sit in the sunlight. They have light green or light brown bellies. They have a stripe over each eyelid that goes past the ear to the top of the front leg.
They lay their eggs in bunches stuck to plants under water. The tadpoles can be 8 cm long and are dark brown. They grow into frogs in March and April, late summer. Some tadpoles stay tadpoles longer, for 14 months and can grow to be 14 cm long before turning into frogs.
The tadpoles eat algae and the adults eat arthropods, such as insects, and sometimes young motorbike frogs.
Although this frog can climb trees, it mostly lives on the ground, so not all scientists call it a tree frog.
References
Frogs of Australia
Tafilah Governorate

The Tafilah Governorate () is one of the 12 governorates in Jordan. The capital of the governorate is the city of Tafilah.
Governorates of Jordan
Sal Rocca

Sal Rocca (October 29, 1946 - December 13, 2020) was an Italian-born American politician and real estate developer. He was born in Casalvieri, Italy. He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1975 to 1980, 1983 to 1994, and 2001 to 2004.
Before 1992, he was a member of the Democratic Party. Afterwards, Rocca was a Republican. Rocca was raised in Detroit, Michigan.
Rocca died of COVID-19 in Troy, Michigan on December 13, 2020 at the age of 74.
References
1946 births
2020 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Italian politicians
Italian businesspeople
State legislators of the United States
Businesspeople from Detroit
Politicians from Detroit
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Nouméa

Noumea is the capital city of New Caledonia.
References
Capital cities in Oceania
Communes in France
New Caledonia
Asian Fencing Championships

Asian Fencing Championships is the fencing zonal championship organized by the Asian Fencing Confederation for the Asia-Oceania zone. The first Asian Fencing Championships was held in 1973 in Tehran, however, fencing in the continent did not proceed actively enough. The tournament restarted in 1989 and it has been held annually since 2007. It awards points for the Fencing World Cup.
Medal Table (2004-2019)
Related pages
Fencing at the Summer Olympics
World Fencing Championships
other zone championships: African Fencing Championships, European Fencing Championships, Pan American Fencing Championships
References
1989 establishments in Asia
Asian championships
Fencing
Numerical analysis

Numerical analysis studies different algorithms to get approximations for problems of mathematical analysis. Approximations are used for the following reasons:
There are no known ways to solve a problem using calculus. Examples for such problems are the Navier-Stokes equations or the Three-body problem
There is a way to solve a problem using calculus. Getting an exact solution is impractical though, because it requires a long time, or many resources. An example for this is calculating Power series.
One of the earliest known uses of numerical analysis is a Babylonian clay tablet, which approximates the square root of 2. In a unit square, the diagonal has this length. Being able to compute the sides of a triangle is extremely important, for instance, in carpentry and construction.
Numerical analysis continues this long tradition of practical mathematical calculations. Much like the Babylonian approximation of , modern numerical analysis does not seek exact answers, because exact answers are often impossible to obtain in practice. Instead, much of numerical analysis is concerned with obtaining approximate solutions while maintaining reasonable bounds on errors.
Numerical analysis naturally finds applications in all fields of engineering and the physical sciences, but in the 21st century, the life sciences and even the arts have adopted elements of scientific computations. Ordinary differential equations appear in star movement; optimization occurs in portfolio management; numerical linear algebra is important for data analysis; stochastic differential equations and Markov chains are essential in simulating living cells for medicine and biology.
Computers greatly helped this task. Before there were computers, numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in large printed tables. Since the mid 20th century, computers calculate the required functions instead. These same interpolation formulas nevertheless continue to be used as part of the software algorithms for solving differential equations.
Famous numerical software
In order to support numerical analysts, many kinds of numerical software has been created:
MATLAB - made by MathWorks
GNU Octave, Scilab - open source versions of MATLAB
SageMath
SciPy
Wolfram Mathematica - made by Wolfram Research
References
Researchers
Related pages
Further reading
Christchurch Central

Christ church Central is an electorate of the New Zealand House of Representatives. It is in Christchurch.
Election results
References
New Zealand electorates
Adventures of a Dentist

Adventures of a Dentist () is a 1965 Soviet comedy-drama movie directed by Elem Klimov. It stars Andrey Myagkov, Vera Vasilyeva, and Alisa Freindlich.
Actors
Andrey Myagkov as Sergey Petrovich Chesnokov
Vera Vasilyeva as Lyudmila Ivanovna Lastochkina
Alisa Freindlich as Masha
Panteleymon Krymov as father of Masha
Olga Gobzeva as Tanya
References
Other websites
1965 comedy-drama movies
Soviet drama movies
Soviet comedy movies
Movies directed by Elem Klimov
George Shrinks

George Shrinks is a Canadian-Chinese-French-American animated television series. It is based on the children's book by William Joyce. The show is about a ten to fifteen-year-old boy named George. After a dream one night, he wakes up and is only three inches tall. He has adventures with his friends and family. He also drives mini machines that he made with his father. Co-produced By Nelvana and Jade Animation In Association With Treehouse TV and Canal+ Family
The series started on 29 September 2000 on PBS Kids.
Content
Because of George's very small size, everyday activities, such as working around the house or playing outside, often become exciting adventures. He mostly uses the Zooper Car to travel. It can change into a submarine or a helicopter.
The show has a retro-1940s look, with simple animation and colors. Most of the background music is jazz.
Characters
George Shrinks -- George is the main character of the series. George wakes up from a dream to discover he is small. He is voiced by Tracey Moore.
Junior Shrinks -- George's baby brother. Junior helps George with things that are too difficult for him. He is voiced by Robbi Jay Thuet.
Becky Lopez -- George's best friend and neighbor. She goes on many of George's adventures. She is voiced by Bryn McAuley.
Perdita "Mom" Shrinks -- Mom is a sculptor. She is voiced by Kathleen Laskey.
Harold "Dad" Shrinks -- Dad is an inventor and a musician in a jazz band. He makes musical instruments and vehicles. He is voiced by Paul O'Sullivan.
Broadcast
TVO SCN Tele-Quebec Treehouse Knowledge Network TFO and Access (Canada) PBS Kids Disney Channel and Disney XD (United States)
Other websites
George Shrinks Episode Guide at Big Cartoon DataBase
Retrojunk: George Shrinks
References
2000 American television series debuts
Canadian animated television series
2000s Canadian television series debuts
PBS Kids shows
English-language television programs
Three Cities

The Three Cities is a description of the three cities of Birgu, Senglea and Cospicua in Malta. The oldest of the Three Cities is Birgu, which has existed since the Middle Ages. The other two cities, Senglea and Cospicua, were both founded by the Order of Saint John in the 16th and 17th centuries. They are surrounded by the Cottonera Lines.
Together, the Three Cities have a total population of 10,808 people as of March 2014.
References
Geography of Malta
Wilkin County, Minnesota

Wilkin County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 6,506 people lived there. The county seat is Breckenridge.
References
Minnesota counties
Lucky Pulpit

Lucky Pulpit (foaled February 10, 2001 - February 13, 2017) was an American Thoroughbred stallion. He stood at Harris Farms in Coalinga, California.
Lucky Pulpit was a son of the Blue Grass Stakes winner Pulpit, who in turn is a son of 1992 United States Horse of the Year A.P. Indy. Lucky Pulpit was the sire of the 2014 Kentucky Derby and 2014 Preakness Stakes winner and subsequent 2014 Horse of the Year, California Chrome.
Lucky Pulpit died of a heart attack in Arcadia, California on February 13, 2017, aged 16.
References
2001 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Thoroughbred racehorses
C-pop

C-pop is short for Chinese popular music (). Most of today's C-pop artists are from Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China, as well as from other countries where Mandarin or Cantonese languages are used, such as Singapore and Malaysia. However, Taiwanese music has some origins from the Japanese enka so Taiwanese pop is sometimes said to be a different genre from C-Pop.
Cantonese pop
Cantonese pop, or colloquially known as Cantopop, is a subgenre of C-pop, sung in Cantonese language. Most Hong Kong-born singers start off as Cantonese pop singers before starting a career as a Mandarin pop singer. Cantonese pop artists include:
Aaron Kwok
Andy Lau
Candy Lo
CoCo Lee
Jacky Cheung
Leon Lai
Alan Tam
Leslie Cheung
Samuel Hui
Priscilla Chan
Joseph Koo
The Four Heavenly Kings
"The Four Heavenly Kings" of Cantonese pop are Leon Lai, Andy Lau, Aaron Kwok and Jacky Cheung.
In the early 1990s, many major Cantonese pop stars (such as Alan Tam, Leslie Cheung, Samuel Hui, Priscilla Chan and Joseph Koo) decided to retire because of the protests in China in 1989. Cantonese pop needed new talent to fill the gaps left by these retired stars, this led to the beginning of "the Four Heavenly Kings" or "Si Da Tian Wang " (lit. Four Great Kings of Heaven): Jacky Jeung, Andy Lau, Aaron Kwok and Leon Lai. They were dominating the media in all forms, from magazines, TV, cinema to music.
Mandarin pop
Mandarin pop () is a subgenre of C-pop. Also known as Mandopop and Mandapop, Mandarin pop songs are performed in Mandarin. Most Cantonese pop stars also expand their music career into the Mandarin pop scene.
Other websites
Chinese Music Blog - Chinese music online community providing Chinese music discussion, album review, lyrics translation and romanization for non-Chinese speakers.
C-Pop Fantasie - Online resource for c-pop, providing lyrics, downloads, video shows, and more.
Publix

Publix Super Markets, Inc., known as Publix, is an American supermarket that is based in Lakeland, Florida.
Other websites
Official website
20th-century establishments in Florida
1930 establishments in the United States
Supermarkets of the United States
Companies based in Florida
Julian calendar

The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 46 BCE (708 AUC), was a reform of the Roman calendar. It was first used in 1 January 45 BCE. It was the main calendar in most of the world, until Pope Gregory replaced that with the Gregorian calendar in 4 October 1582.
During the 20th and 21st centuries, the date according to the Julian calendar is 13 days behind the Gregorian date.
Year length; leap years
The Julian calendar has two types of year: common years of 365 days and leap years of 366 days. There is a simple cycle of three common years followed by a leap year and this pattern repeats forever. However, the rule was not followed in the first years after the of the reform in 45 BCE. Due to a counting error, every 3rd year was a leap year instead of the 4th. The leap years were:
45 BCE (709 AUC)
42 BCE (712 AUC)
39 BCE (715 AUC)
36 BCE (718 AUC)
33 BCE (721 AUC)
30 BCE (724 AUC)
27 BCE (727 AUC)
24 BCE (730 AUC)
21 BCE (733 AUC)
18 BCE (736 AUC)
15 BCE (739 AUC)
12 BCE (742 AUC)
9 BCE (745 AUC)
However, in 8 BCE (746 AUC), emperor Augustus Caesar corrected the problem. The next leap year was 7 CE (160 AUC).
Criticism
With the simple cycle, the length of the Julian year is exactly 365.25 days (365 days and 6 hours), but the actual time it takes for the Earth to go around the Sun once is closer to 365.2422 days (about 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds). This difference is about 365.25 - 365.2422 = 0.0078 days (11 minutes and 14 seconds) each year, although Greek astronomers knew that. This made the seasons get out of track, since the real first day of spring in western Europe (the equinox - day and night the same length) was happening earlier and earlier before the traditional 21 March as the centuries went by. By the 1500s, it was starting around 11 March, ten days 'too early' according to the calendar.
Reform
From Roman calendar
The first step of the reform was to realign the 25 December with the Winter solstice by making 46 BCE (708 AUC) 445 days long. In ordinary Roman calendar, the common year had 355 days and the leap year (one year after the common year) had 378 days. The 46 BCE was a leap year, according to the calendar. Julius Caesar added 67 more days by adding two extra months (those are called Prior and Posterior in letters of Cicero) between November and December.
References
Calendars
Coubeyrac

Coubeyrac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Saint-Momelin

Saint-Momelin is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 425 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Execution Tracks

Execution Tracks is the fourth studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.
1998 albums
Funker Vogt albums
Mung bean

The Mung bean (or mungo bean) is a legume, which is mostly grown in Asia. It is mostly used for cooking.
References
Beans
Dan Calichman

Dan Calichman (born February 21, 1968) is a former American soccer player. He has played for the United States national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Mazda||JSL Division 2||26||1||||||3||1||29||2
|-
|1991/92||JSL Division 1||11||0||||||0||0||11||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||6||1||6||1
|-
|1993||13||0||0||0||1||0||14||0
|-
|1995||New York Centaurs||A-League||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Los Angeles Galaxy||rowspan="3"|Major League Soccer||28||0||||||||||28||0
|-
|1997||32||0||||||||||32||0
|-
|1998||8||0||||||||||8||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|New England Revolution||rowspan="2"|Major League Soccer||25||0||||||||||25||0
|-
|2000||4||0||||||||||4||0
|-
|2000||San Jose Earthquakes||Major League Soccer||16||0||||||||||16||0
|-
|2001||Charleston Battery||USL A-League||30||1||||||||||30||1
50||1||0||0||10||2||60||3
143||1||||||||||143||1
193||2||0||0||10||2||203||4
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1997||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}
Other websites
National Football Teams
1968 births
Living people
American soccer players
Reward

A reward is getting something good for doing a given task. It needs someone who has the power to give the good thing. It is the opposite of punishment.
Ideas like risk and reward, reward and punishment are based on the idea that people do things, or avoid doing things, to get rewards. In psychology there is another idea that this is not true. This other idea says that training (conditioning) and emotions (affective factors) are much more important than the rewards or punishments given by others.
In trying to catch criminals and other bad people, the government often offers money to people. This money is given to people who may capture the criminal, or give information that helps the police catch them. For example, after the Eureka Stockade rebellion in Ballarat, Victoria in 1854, the government offered a big reward of 400 pounds for the capture of the people who had started it.
In 2001, the US government offered a big reward of 2.5 million dollars for help in capturing the person who had sent anthrax in letters to a newspaper journalist and 2 senators. Anthrax is a disease which can kill people.
Related pages
Carrot and Stick
References
Basic English 850 words
Dayton, Virginia

Dayton is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
Almuth Schult

Almuth Schult (; born 9 February 1991) is a German footballer. She currently plays for VfL Wolfsburg and the German national team as a goalkeeper.
Career
Club
At the age of five, Schult began her career at her local football club FC SG Gartow, before moving to Hamburger SV in 2007. She joined Magdeburger FFC in 2008, where she played in the third-tier Regionalliga. At Magdeburg Schult became a regular starter and achieved promotion with her team to the second Bundesliga, where she played two full seasons. In 2011, Schult signed a three-year contract with Bundesliga side SC 07 Bad Neuenahr. In 2013, she signed a two years contract with Bundesliga and UEFA Champions League champions VfL Wolfsburg.
International
Schult reached third-place with Germany at the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, appearing in two matches. Two years later, she was Germany's first choice goalkeeper at the 2010 U-20 Women's World Cup, which the team won. The tournament was played on home soil in Germany. Schult was called up as third goalkeeper for Germany's 2011 Women's World Cup squad. Her first team debut was on 15 February 2012 against Turkey.
After the retirement of Nadine Angerer, Schult's first major tournament as the starting goalkeeper for Germany came at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where she played every minute and earned Germany their first ever gold medal in women's Olympic football.
Honours
Domestic
Bundesliga: Winner 2013-14, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19
DFB-Pokal: Winner 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19
International
UEFA Women's Champions League: Winner 2014
UEFA Women's Championship: Winner 2013
FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup: Winner 2010
FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup: Third-place 2008
Summer Olympic Games: Gold medal, 2016
Algarve Cup: Winner 2012, 2014
Individual
IFFHS World's Best Woman Goalkeeper: 2014
References
Other websites
Profile at DFB
Player German domestic football stats at DFB
1991 births
Living people
German women's footballers
2011 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players
VfL Wolfsburg (women) players
Germany women's international footballers
Women's association football goalkeepers
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
German Olympic gold medalists
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in football
Frauen-Bundesliga players
2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players