pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Camille Paglia

Camille Anna Paglia (/'pa:li@/; born April 2, 1947) is an American academic. Her dissertation Sexual Personae was published by Yale University Press in 1990. Paglia is a libertarian.
Early life
Paglia was born in Endicott, New York to Italian immigrants. In 1957 her family moved to Syracuse, New York.
Career
Sexual Personae was rejected by 7 publishers before Yale University Press published it in 1990. In 1992 Paglia's second book was published. In 2012 Paglia's most recent book Glittering Images was published.
--
1947 births
American feminists
Living people
People from Syracuse, New York
Writers from New York (state)
People from Endicott, New York
Tanja Fajon

Tanja Fajon (; born May 9, 1971) is a Slovenian politician. She was the leader of Social Democrats. She has served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of Prime Minister Robert Golob since 1 June 2022. She was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Slovenia from 2009 until 2022.
She is currently a head of the Slovenian delegation within the political group of Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats.
References
1971 births
Living people
People from Ljubljana
MEPs for Slovenia
Atlanta Motor Speedway

Atlanta Motor Speedway is a motorsports racing track in Hampton, Georgia. The speedway, opened in 1960, covers . It is south of Atlanta, Georgia. The races held at the track are the Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500, the Rinnai 250 and the Active Pest Control 200.
The speedway holds a NASCAR Cup Series race, NASCAR Xfinity Series race and Camping World Truck Series race annually, The track is banked fifth in the straightways, and twenty-fourth in the turns. It is the only racetrack to host these events.
References
Other websites
Auto racing
Sports in Atlanta
1960 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Letter of the 99

The letter of the 99 (in Russian: Pis'mo devianosta deviati) is a collective open letter signed in 1968 by several famous Soviet mathematicians in defense of their colleague Aleksander Yesenin-Volpin, who was forcibly committed to a psychiatric hospital in connection with his dissident activities. The letter became an important event in the history of both Soviet mathematics and the human rights movement.
References
History of mathematics
Bunraku

Bunraku, also known as Ningyo joruri, is a Japanese puppet theatre, founded in Osaka in the 17th century. It was mainly related to kabuki from Genroku period. Bunraku developed in Edo period combining puppet art with joruri. Bunraku has the narrator with puppets and the action is accompained by a game on the shamisen.
The most famous Japanese bunraku playwright is Chikamatsu Mozaemon. His most famous work is The Love Suicides at Sonezaki.
History
Originally the term bunraku referred to theatre founded in Osaka in 1805.
In Edo period, male pupeteers were hidden from the audience by the curtain while they held pupepts. The narrator and musician were also hidden. In 1703, pupeteers apperead in full view of the audience. In 1728, the narrator and musician were given their own stage.
Related pages
Kabuki
References
Entertainment in Japan
Puppets
Theatres
Hannah Murray

Tegan Lauren-Hannah Murray (born 1 July 1989) is an English actress. She is best known for playing the role of Cassie, a gentle, 'spacey' teen girl with an apparent eating disorder and unstated mental illness in E4's drama/comedy, Skins.
Murray attended North Bristol Post 16 Centre studying German.
Credits
Skins (2007-2008, 2013, TV series) - Cassie
Narrates the new Nokia 5300 advert (August/September 2007)
Reads in Lost for words campaign 2007.
Marple: Why Didn't They Ask Evans? (2009, TV movie) - Dorothy Savage
Clone (2010) - Monica
Chatroom (2010) - Emily
Wings (2011, short)
Dark Shadows (2012)
Little Glory (2012)
Game of Thrones (2012-2017, TV series) - Gilly
The Numbers Station (2013)
Lily & Kat (2013)
God Help the Girl (2013) - Cass
References
Other websites
Hannah Murray fansite
Channel 4 Skins site
Hannah Murray at Troikatalent.com
English stage actors
English television actors
1989 births
Living people
Cuthwine of Wessex

Cuthwine (5 September 565 -- 13 November 635) was a member of the House of Wessex. He was the son of King Ceawlin. As the son of a West Saxon king, he was the Crown Prince of Wessex. However, because Ceawlin was deposed by his nephew who was Cuthwine's cousin, Ceol, Cuthwine never made it to the throne.
Cuthwine and his father travelled all the way up to Dal Riata to live in exile as the king, Aedan, offered them a place to live in the capital, Dunadd. The following year in 593, Ceawlin died. Cuthwine left Dal Riata and sailed all the way down to France as he was offered a place in Paris by King Chlothar II.
Cuthwine continued to live in Paris for the rest of his life. He remained a strong leader of the Saxons and passing on the royal line through his three sons. In 635, Cuthwine died of a heart attack at the age of 70. His body was carried all the way back to his home in Wessex. Cuthwine's body was buried at Winchester Cathedral.
565 births
635 deaths
House of Wessex
Heirs to the West Saxon throne
6th century in England
7th century in England
Harding County, New Mexico

Harding County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 657. Its county seat is Mosquero. The county is named for United States President Warren G. Harding.
References
New Mexico counties
Surendra Singh Jeena

Surendra Singh Jeena (8 December 1969 - 12 November 2020) was an Indian politician. He was member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Jeena was a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from 2007 until his death.
Jeena died of COVID-19 on 12 November 2020, aged 50.
References
1969 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians
Politicians from Uttarakhand
Hamza Tahir

Hamza Tahir is a cricketer from Scotland. He plays for the Scotland national cricket team. He was born on November 9, 1995.
References
Other websites
1995 births
Living people
Scottish cricketers
Sportspeople from Paisley, Renfrewshire
St. Vartan Armenian Cathedral

St. Vartan Cathedral is the first cathedral of the Armenian Apostolic Church to be constructed in North America. It is located in New York City on the corner of Second Avenue and 34th Street. It was built to resemble the St. Hripsime Church in Etchmiadzin.
Cathedrals in the United States
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer

Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Folsom Street Fair

Folsom Street Fair is an event that is held every year in San Francisco. It is at the end of September. It was first held in 1984. It is named after Folsom Street, where it takes place. It is the last event of a fair called "Leather Pride Week". It is the largest street fair in California. It is the third-largest event in California. Up to 400.000 people participate. Many of them are either interested in BDSM, or they are homosexual. Like with other events, many simply come to watch. Usually, most of the revenue of the event is given to charity.
Gallery
BDSM
Stallikon

Stallikon is a municipality in Affoltern in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. About 3,438 people lived in Stallikon in 2015.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Zurich
19:03 Ueno Hatsu Yakou Ressha

19:03 Ueno Hatsu Yakou Ressha is an adventure game. It was developed and published by Visit. It was released in Japan on March 4, 1999. It was re-released on August 3, 2000 on the PlayStation.
Other websites
https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/ps/575073-1903-ueno-hatsu-yakou-ressha/images/114492
https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/ps/575073-1903-ueno-hatsu-yakou-ressha/images/114491
https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/ps/575073-1903-ueno-hatsu-yakou-ressha/videos
https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/ps/575073-1903-ueno-hatsu-yakou-ressha/images
https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/ps/575073-1903-ueno-hatsu-yakou-ressha/data
https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/ps/575073-1903-ueno-hatsu-yakou-ressha
PlayStation-only games
PlayStation games
1999 video games
2000 video games
Japan exclusive video games
Adventure games
Palacio de la Magdalena

The Palacio de la Magdalena (Spanish for Magdalena Palace) is an early 20th-century palace in Spain. It is on the Magdalena Peninsula of the city of Santander, Cantabria.
The Palacio de la Magdalena was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.
History
Construction of the palace was started in 1908 by the local government of Santander. The palace was built to be a place where the royal family of Spain would live for part of the year.
References
Other websites
Palacio de la Magdalena Official Web Site , with photographs, maps, and virtual tours
Buildings and structures in Spain
12 Treasures of Spain - Finalists
Cantabria
Former royal residences
20th-century establishments in Spain
Thüringerberg

Thuringerberg is a municipality in the district of Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.
References
Settlements in Vorarlberg
The Wikipedia Revolution

The Wikipedia Revolution: How A Bunch of Nobodies Created The World's Greatest Encyclopedia is a 2008 book by Andrew Lih. It is a book about the history of the internet encyclopedia Wikipedia. It covers the period from the start of Wikipedia in early 2000 to early 2008. It has biographies of Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger, and Ward Cunningham. Wales and Sanger started Wikipedia, while Cunningham started the first online wiki. It also talks about events in Wikipedia's history such as the Essjay controversy.
The book has a foreword (a short piece of writing found at the beginning of a book) by Wales, and an afterword (a short piece of writing found at the end of a book) by volunteers of an online wiki who talk about the problems and opportunities in Wikipedia's future.
References
Other websites
, official website
"Wikipedia: Exploring Fact City", Noam Cohen, New York Times, March 28, 2009
"Wikipedia's Old-Fashioned Revolution", L. Gordon Crovitz, The Wall Street Journal, April 6, 2009
"Like Boiling a Frog" , review by David Runciman in The London Review of Books, May 28, 2009
2008 books
Works about Wikipedia
Lain, Yonne

Lain is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Maid Marian

Maid Marian was the female companion of the outlaw Robin Hood. She appears in English folktales, though not in the oldest ones.
Other websites
, a book
Robin Hood
Fictional characters
Flandreau, South Dakota

Flandreau is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Moody County. It became a city in 1902, and 2,341 people lived there at the 2010 census.
References
Other websites
City of Flandreau website
County seats in South Dakota
Cities in South Dakota
1902 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in South Dakota
West Side, Chicago

The West Side is one of the three major sections of the city of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, along with the North Side and the South Side. The West Side consists of communities that are of historical, cultural, and ideological importance to the history and development of Chicago. On the municipal flag of Chicago, the West Side is represented by the central white stripe.
It is often seen by the media and residents as a largely poor, crime-ridden area of the city.
References
Neighborhoods in Chicago
Villy-le-Bois

Villy-le-Bois is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
References
Communes in Aube
Tjunti

Tjunti is a soakage site near Kaltukatjara, in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is where the Hull River cuts through the Petermann Ranges. It is about to the southeast of Kaltukatjara (41 km by road, along the Tjukaruru Road). Tjunti is the site where the famous gold prospector Harold B. Lasseter took refuge on his fatal search for Lasseter's Reef. An outstation was established here in 1977, and belongs to a Pitjantjatjara family.
The gap in the mountains is formed here by the Hull River, a sandy creek that is usually dry. It splits the Curdie Range in the south from the Mannanana Range in the north. There are several soaks and rockholes in the area.
The small cave where Lasseter took refuge is (now commonly called Lasseter's Cave in English). This is an opening in a rock formation in the Mannanana Range (). Lasseter took shelter here for about 25 days during January 1931. He was trying to find a rich gold deposit that he claimed to have discovered in the area on an earlier expedition. His camels ran away, and he was stranded in the desert without food. While taking shelter in the cave, Lasseter wrote about his journey in his diary. He was later found by a local Pitjantjatjara family, who gave him food and water. After this, Lasseter decided to leave the cave and tried to walk the to Kata Tjuta. He was weak from dehydration, malnutrition and exhaustion, and he died three days later, after walking about .
References
Other websites
Tjunti in the Northern Territory's Place Names Register
Caves of Australia
Geography of the Northern Territory
1977 establishments in Australia
Indigenous Australian communities
Waterholes of Australia
Nîmes Olympique

Nimes Olympique F.C. is a football club in France.
Name
1901-1937 Sporting Club Nimois
1937-present Nimes Olympique F.C.
French football clubs
1937 establishments in Europe
1930s establishments in France
Talking Book

Talking Book is the fifteenth album by Stevie Wonder. It was released on October 28, 1972 by Tamla. It was also his second album to be released in 1972 as Music of My Mind had been released just months before it. The album is also known for the hit "Superstition".
Track listing
Side one
"You Are The Sunshine Of My Life" (Wonder) - 2:58
Stevie Wonder - lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums
Jim Gilstrap - first lead vocal, background vocal
Lani Groves - second lead vocal, background vocal
Gloria Barley - background vocal
Scott Edwards - electric bass
Daniel Ben Zebulon - congas
"Maybe Your Baby" (Wonder) - 6:51
Stevie Wonder - lead vocal, background vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
Ray Parker Jr. - electric guitar
"You and I (We Can Conquer the World)" (Wonder) - 4:39
Stevie Wonder - lead vocal, piano, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
"Tuesday Heartbreak" (Wonder) - 3:02
Stevie Wonder - lead vocal, background vocal, Fender rhodes, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
David Sanborn - alto saxophone
Deniece Williams - background vocal
Shirley Brewer - background vocal
"You've Got It Bad Girl" (Wonder, Yvonne Wright) - 4:56
Stevie Wonder - lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
Jim Gilstrap - background vocal
Lani Groves - background vocal
Daniel Ben Zebulon - congas
Side two
"Superstition" (Wonder) - 4:26
Stevie Wonder - lead vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
Trevor Laurence - tenor saxophone
Steve Madaio - trumpet
"Big Brother" (Wonder) - 3:34
Stevie Wonder - lead vocals, Hohner clavinet, drums, harmonica, Moog bass
"Blame It On the Sun" (Wonder, Syreeta Wright) - 3:26
Stevie Wonder - lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
Jim Gilstrap - background vocal
Lani Groves - background vocal
Uncredited - guitar
"Lookin' for Another Pure Love" (Wonder, S. Wright) - 4:44
Stevie Wonder - lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass
Debra Wilson - background vocal
Shirley Brewer - background vocal
Loris Harvin (Delores Harvin) - background vocal
Jeff Beck - electric guitar
Buzz Feiten (Howard "Buzz" Feiten) - electric guitar
"I Believe (When I Fall in Love It Will Be Forever)" (Wonder, Y. Wright) - 4:51
Stevie Wonder - lead vocal, background vocal, piano, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
Personnel
Malcolm Cecil - Programming, Engineer, Associate Producer
Robert Margouleff - Engineer, Associate Producer, Photography
Austin Godsey - Engineer, Recording
Joan Decola - Recording
George Marino - Mastering
References
1972 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Stevie Wonder albums
Dead Ringer for Love

"Dead Ringer for Love" is a 1981 song by Meat Loaf featuring Cher. It was the leading single from his second studio album Dead Ringer. It went to number 2 in Ireland, number 5 in the United Kingdom, number 16 in Sweden, number 17 in Spain, number 39 in the Netherlands and number 65 in Australia. It was included on Meat Loaf's album Hits out of Hell and Cher's 1992 greatest hits album Greatest Hits: 1965-1992.
References
1981 songs
Meat Loaf songs
Cher songs
Heartland rock songs
Robert John Rose

Robert John Rose (February 28, 1930 - March 2, 2022) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Rose was the Bishop of the Diocese of Gaylord in Michigan from 1981 to 1989 and Bishop of the Diocese of Grand Rapids in Michigan from 1989 to 2003. Rose was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Rose died on March 2, 2022 at the age of 92.
References
1930 births
2022 deaths
American Roman Catholic bishops
People from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Garage punk (fusion genre)

Garage punk is a rock music genre. It combines the sounds of garage rock, punk rock, and other forms, that started in the indie rock underground between the late 1980s and early 1990s. Bands were influenced from stripped-down 1970s punk rock and Detroit proto-punk. They used many other styles in their sound, such as power pop, 1960s girl groups and garage rock, hardcore punk, early blues and R&B, and surf rock.
References
Rock music
Punk rock
Fusion music genres
Gaziza Abdinabiyeva

Gaziza Abdinabiyeva (Gaziza Abdinabieva; 3 January 1948 - 18 April 2021) was a Soviet and later Kazakhstani stage actress. She was awarded several orders including the Order of Kurmet and Order of Parasat.
Abdinabiyeva died on 18 April 2021, aged 73.
References
Kazakhstani people
1948 births
Stage actors
2021 deaths
East Ayrshire

East Ayrshire () is one of 32 council area of Scotland. It borders North Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire, South Ayrshire and Dumfries and Galloway. With South Ayrshire and the mainland areas of North Ayrshire, it formed the county of Ayrshire.
The area was formed in 1996, from the former Kilmarnock and Loudoun and Cumnock and Doon Valley districts.
Main Towns
Kilmarnock is the largest town. Other towns are New Cumnock and Cumnock.
HQ
The HQ for East Ayrshire Council is on London Road Kilmarnock
Twin towns (Kilmarnock)
Ales, France.
Herstal, Belgium.
Kulmbach, Germany.
Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
Sukhumi, Georgia.
Towns and villages
Places of interest
Loch Doon
Scottish Industrial Railway Centre
Sorn Castle
Stair House
Dean Castle
Education
Secondary Education
Auchinleck Academy
Kilmarnock Academy
Grange Academy
Loudoun Academy
Cumnock Academy
James Hamilton Academy
Doon Academy
St Josephs Academy
Stewarton Academy
Other websites
East Ayrshire Council
East Ayrshire Forums - Tenants Portal (not associated with East Ayrshire Council)
Mai Kyokawa

is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kyokawa was born in Omitama on December 28, 1993. After graduating from Tokiwagi Gakuen High School, she joined INAC Kobe Leonessa in 2012.
In 2010, Kyokawa was selected the Japan U-17 national team for 2010 U-17 World Cup. She played 6 games and scored 3 goals. Japan won the 2nd place. In February 2012, when she was 18 years old, she was selected the Japan national team for 2012 Algarve Cup. At this competition, on February 29, she debuted against Norway. She played 5 games for Japan until 2015.
Statistics
References
Other websites
Japan Football Association
1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Ibaraki Prefecture
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
INAC Kobe Leonessa players
2020 Taiwan presidential election

The 15th President and Vice President election of the Republic of China () took place in Taiwan on 11 January 2020. Voters re-elected President and Vice President.
The process of presidential primary elections and nominations were held during the last six months of 2019.
Current President Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), who was elected in 2016, won re-election. She is scheduled to be inaugurated on 20 May 2020.
Candidates
Democratic Progressive Party
Nominees
Candidates
Kuomintang
Nominees
Candidates
People First Party
Nominees
Other parties and independents
Withdrawn candidates
Chang San-cheng, President of the Executive Yuan (2016)
Yang Shih-kuang, Television presenter and New Party Youth Corps leader
Annette Lu, Vice President of the Republic of China (2000-2008)
Polling
References
2020 elections in Asia
January 2020 events
2020
Presidential elections
Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album)

Metamorphosis is the second album by Hilary Duff. It was released in 2003. The album became Duff's first number one album in the United States.
2003 albums
Yves Saint Laurent

Yves Saint Laurent (1 August 1936 - 1 June 2008) was a French fashion designer. Born Yves Henri Donat Mathieu Saint Laurent in Algeria, he was "one of the greatest figures in French fashion in the 20th century".
In 1985, in her book, Couture: the Great Fashion Designers, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, "The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited both with spurring couture's rise from its Sixties ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable".
Saint Laurent took over from Christian Dior as the chief designer of the House of Dior (now Christian Dior S.A.). Dior, who founded the company after the Second World War, died in 1957. Saint Laurent was promoted, and proved to be a brilliant choice. Saint Laurent completed six fashion collections before he was called up for military service in 1960.
Military service was a disaster for Saint Laurent, who was invalided out, suffering from mental illness. The House of Dior fired him, but he was able to set up his own fashion house with backing from an American millionaire. For the rest of his life the Yves Saint Laurent fashion house was at the top of Parisian couture.
Saint Laurent was openly gay. He and his partner Pierre Berge had an impressive art collection, which was sold by auction at Christie's in Paris, 2009. The proceeds, about 300 million euros, was used to set up a foundation for AIDS research.
Saint Laurent died of brain cancer in Paris, France, aged 71.
References
Cancer deaths in France
Deaths from brain cancer
French fashion designers
French LGBT people
Gay men
LGBT fashion designers
1936 births
2008 deaths
Hare

A hare (Lepus) is a mammal of the order Lagomorpha, in the same family as the rabbit. They are larger than rabbits and have black tipped ears. Their diet (the food they eat) resembles what rabbits eat; they eat ruttabaga and lettuce. They graze on grass and leafy weeds.
Hares are very fast-running animals. The European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) runs at speeds up to . The five species of jackrabbit found in central and western North America can run at , and can leap up to 3m (ten feet) at a time. They live solitarily or in pairs; a "drove" is the name for a group of hares.
Mating season
Normally a shy animal, they change their behaviour in spring, when hares chase one another around meadows. This may be competition between males to attain dominance (and hence more access to breeding females). During this spring frenzy, hares can be seen "boxing"; one hare striking another with its paws (probably the origin of the term "mad as a March hare"). For a long time, this was thought to be intermale competition, but closer observation has shown it is usually a female hitting a male to prevent copulation. When a doe is ready to mate, she runs across the countryside, starting a chase that tests the stamina of the following males. When only the fittest male remains, the female stops and allows him to copulate.
Snowshoe hare
This is a species of hare found in cold climates in North America. As with the Arctic fox, its hair is white in winter, and brown in the summer. These are different morphs. This ability gives it camouflage, which it needs because it is the favourite food of the Canadian lynx.
References
Lagomorphs
Juri Lotman

Juri M. Lotman (28 February 1922 - 28 October 1993) was a semiotician and a professor in Russian literature, semiotics of and history of culture in the University of Tartu.
He established the semiotics school in Tartu, Estonia.
1922 births
Semioticians
1993 deaths
Reptile

Reptile is the common name for one of the main groups of land vertebrates. It is not used so much by biologists, who use more accurate terms.
The name "reptile" comes from Latin and means "one who creeps". All living reptile species are cold blooded, have scaly skin, and lay cleidoic eggs. They excrete uric acid (instead of urea), and have a cloaca. A cloaca is a shared opening for the anus, urinary tract and reproductive ducts. Reptiles also share an arrangement of the heart and major blood vessels which is different from that of mammals. Birds have all of these features.
Many important groups of reptiles are now extinct, for example the mosasaurs. We used to say the dinosaurs were extinct, but they survive in the form of their feathered descendants (birds). Ancient reptiles that do survive include the turtles, the crocodiles and the Tuatara, the lone survivor of its group. The great majority of present-day reptiles are snakes and lizards.
The study of living reptiles is called herpetology.
Birds in relation to reptiles
Some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles. Crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards. Theropod dinosaurs are even more closely related, because birds evolved from them.
Cladistic writers prefer to put the birds (over 10,000 species) with what people usually call reptiles. (see Sauropsida)
Taxonomy
Reptilia is an evolutionary grade rather than a clade. The main reason is that the term 'reptile' does not include birds, the descendents of theropod dinosaurs. Another reason is that the word 'reptile' is misleading because many extinct types were very different from living reptiles.
So instead of Reptilia as a taxonomic class, today many experts use Class Sauropsida (which includes all reptiles and birds, living and extinct). Class Synapsida includes mammals and all their forebears. Reptile is still the usual informal term to describe living snakes and lizards. Mammals are a genuine clade, and so Mammalia is still the taxonomic term.
Since reptiles are not monophyletic, reclassifying them is one of the key aims of researchers. Some taxonomists, such as Benton, make Sauropsida and Synapsida class-level taxa. The two groups split in the Carboniferous, from stem-group Amniotes (the early tetrapods, which laid cleidoic eggs).
Eye feature
A membrane forms an inner eyelid in reptiles and birds. Whitish or translucent, it can be drawn across the eye to protect it from dust and keep it moist. It is called the nictitating membrane.
Size
Reptiles can live in large and small sizes. Their land sizes can be both bigger and smaller than mammals. Titanosaurs were the largest land reptiles, and the smallest land reptile is a chameleon 13.5mm long.
Living reptiles
Reptiles (living groups only)
Order Crocodilia (crocodiles, gavials, caimans, and alligators): 23 species
Order Sphenodontia (Tuatara from New Zealand): 2 species
Order Squamata (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenids ("worm-lizards"): about 7,000 species.
Order Testudines (turtles, tortoises, and terrapins): approximately 300 species
References
Frances Kinne

Frances Bartlett Kinne (May 23, 1917 - May 10, 2020) was an American educator, administrator and author. She served as president of Jacksonville University from 1979 to 1989. She was the first female university president to hold office in the state of Florida, and second in the United States. Her memoir, Iowa Girl: The President Wears a Skirt, was published in 2000.
Kinne was born in Story City, Iowa. She turned 100 in 2017. Kinne died on May 10, 2020 in Jacksonville, Florida at the age of 102.
References
1917 births
2020 deaths
Academics from Florida
American centenarians
Writers from Jacksonville, Florida
Writers from Iowa
Stanisław Kowalski

Stanislaw Kowalski (April 14, 1910 -- April 5, 2022) was a Polish Masters athlete. He was born in Torun, Poland. When he competed at the Polish Veterans Championships on June 28, 2015, in Torun he became the world's oldest athlete.
On that day, Kowalski ran the 100 metres in 34.50, threw the shot put 4.27 and the discus 7.50. By competing in those events, he surpassed the accomplishments of John Whittemore, who competed at 104 years 10 months. M100 world record holder Hidekichi Miyazaki turned 105 on September 22, 2015 and two days later joined Kowalski as the second competitor in the division though Kowalski was 77 days older when he competed.
Kowalski became the oldest living man in Poland after the death of 108 year old Jozef Zurek on 20 March 2018. He became a supercentenarian on 14 April 2020.
Kowalski died on April 5, 2022 in Swidnica, Poland nine days before his 112th birthday.
References
1910 births
2022 deaths
Supercentenarians
Polish sprinters
Shot putters
Discus throwers
Sainte-Gemmes-le-Robert

Sainte-Gemmes-le-Robert is a commune of 930 people (2004). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
White Oleander (movie)

White Oleander is a 2002 American drama movie set in California. It stars Alison Lohman, Michelle Pfeiffer, Robin Wright Penn and Renee Zellweger. It was directed by Peter Kosminsky and is based on the novel of the same name.
Plot
Ingrid (Pfeiffer) is a photographer who falls in love with a man named Barry Kolker (Billy Connolly). However he is not loyal to her and has sex with other women. Ingrid kills him. She goes to jail and is later found guilty for killing him and goes to prison for a long time. Her daughter, Astrid Magnussen (Lohman), is taken to a series of foster homes.
Her first foster home is with a woman named Starr Thomas (Penn), who has two children, a teenager named Carolee and a young boy named David. During this home, she falls in love with Starr's husband. During a fight, Carolee runs away from home. An angry Starr shoots Astrid in the arm after an argument with her husband.
For a brief time, she is put in a place called "Mac," which houses hundreds of children. During this time, she gets into a fight with a bunch of other girls. She cuts her hair off and threatens the other girls, saying that she will slit their throats in their sleep if they attack her again.
Her second foster home is with a woman named Claire Richards (Zellweger). She is very lonely since her husband Mark (Noah Wyle) is often away on business trips. Astrid likes her a lot and how she always is nice and happy towards her. When Claire and Astrid visit Ingrid, however, Ingrid tells Claire that Mark is cheating on her. Astrid warns her mother not to destroy this home, but Ingrid smiles and says that she would rather have her at the worst foster home ever over Claire. Afterwards, Claire fights with Mark and later kills herself by swallowing a lot of pills at once.
Astrid is put in another home. She is very upset and thinks that her mom caused Claire to kill herself. She chooses a home with a Russian mother named Rena, knowing that Rena will not love her like Claire did because she does not want to see this happen again. This new mother has her sell her nice clothes. Astrid dyes her own hair and starts wearing black clothing. When Ingrid meets Astrid again, she is shocked at how Astrid has turned herself.
During this time, there is a movement to free Ingrid. They believe the original decision of "guilty" of killing Barry was wrong and want a new trial. If Astrid lies and agrees to Ingrid's version of the story, Ingrid will be likely be freed. But if she tells the truth, Ingrid will be put in jail again. Astrid uses this new power to force Ingrid to tell her about her father. Ingrid is then put on trial, but Ingrid tells her lawyer not to call Astrid to the stand. Ingrid is found guilty again and is put in jail.
The movie ends with Astrid, living with her new boyfriend Paul Trout (Patrick Fugit) in New York, putting together a series of suitcases that stand for all of her experiences through foster homes. She has redyed her hair blonde.
Other websites
2002 drama movies
American teen drama movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in California
Ajana, Western Australia

Ajana is a small farming town in Western Australia. It is about 530 kilometres north east of Perth. The town was officially started in 1915. In 2006, there were 22 people living at Ajana. The name of the town might be from an Australian Aboriginal word, Ajano, used for the area nearby. It might also be from the word Ngajna, meaning mine, as a place where stone axes could be made.
References
Towns in Western Australia
Giessen (region)

Giessen is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany. It is in the middle of the state.
Other websites
Official website
Regions of Hesse
Delvinë District

The District of Delvine or District of Delvina is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is part of Vlore County. About 11,985 people live in the district. Many of them are Greek. The capital is Delvine.
References
Districts of Albania
Camila Morrone

Camila Rebecca Morrone Polak (born June 16, 1997) is an American model and actress. Her first movie role was in the James Franco movie Bukowski. She also appeared in the movies Death Wish and Never Goin' Back.
Morrone has been in a relationship with American actor Leonardo DiCaprio since 2017.
References
Other websites
1997 births
Living people
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Models from Los Angeles
Matsuko Deluxe

is a gay Japanese columnist, essayist, and a TV personality.
References
Other websites
Natural Eight profile
Biography on Goji ni Muchu!
1972 births
Japanese television personalities
Gay men
Living people
Hazlehurst, Mississippi

Hazlehurst is the county seat of Copiah County, Mississippi, United States.
Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Wayne Goss

Wayne Keith Goss (26 February 1951 - 10 November 2014) was an Australian politician. He was the Premier of Queensland from 7 December 1989 until 19 February 1996. Prior to entering politics, Goss was a solicitor. After leaving politics, Goss served as Chairman of the Queensland Art Gallery and Chairman of Deloitte Australia.
Goss battled a series of brain tumors for 17 years, undergoing four operations to remove them. He died at his home on 10 November 2014 from a brain tumor, aged 63.
References
1951 births
2014 deaths
Australian Labor Party politicians
Australian lawyers
Cancer deaths in Queensland
Deaths from brain cancer
Politicians from Queensland
Trachycephalus dibernardoi

Trachycephalus dibernardoi is a frog that lives in Brazil and Argentina. Scientists think it might also live in Paraguay.
Taxonomy
First scientific paper
Scientists wrote the first paper about this species in 2008. Herpetologists Axel Kwet and Mirco Sole wrote it.
First place found
Officially, scientists first found this species here: "Centro de Pesquisas e Conservacao da Natureza (CPCN) Pro Mata, at these map numbers: , at 950 meters above sea level, in the town of Sao Francisco de Paula in the state of Rio Grande del Sur, Brazil."
First frog looked at
Scientists wrote about the first sample this way: MCP 2422; an adult female frog that Kewt and Marcos Di Bernardo found on January 20, 1996. They put it in the PUCRS Museum of Science and Technology in Porto Alegre.
Name
The genus name Trachycephalus comes from the Greek word Trachy for "rough" and cephalus for "head." The species name dibernardoi is for the last name of the frog scientist Marcos Di Bernardo. The other scientists named the frog after him because he found so much knowledge about the frogs and other amphibians of Rio Grande del Sur. Di-Bernardo was a teacher of zoology at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). He and the other scientists caught the first sample frog. Together, they wrote the book Pro-Mata: Anfibios da Serra Gaucha, Sul do Brasil, or Amphibians of Serra Gaucha in English. In 2006, Di Bernardo died of skin cancer when he was 42 years old.
Characteristics
This frog is very large for a hylid. The adult male frog is 57.2 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 77.6 mm long. The iris of the frog's eye is yellow. It has black lines that make a pattern coming out from a circle. There are four clear marks that look like petals from a flower. The skin of its back looks brown or olive in color. It has a pattern of marks that look like eyes and other patches. There are black and white bands on its legs. Unlike T. imitatrix, it has a white parallelogram from each eye down its body.
Distribution and habitat
Within Brazil, scientists have seen this frog in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (towns of Sao Francisco de Paula, at 950 m, and Machadinho, at 760 m) and in the western part of the state of Santa Catarina (town of Seara, at 550 m).
It also lives in the most northeastern part of Argentina, in the province of Misiones, according to material from El Soberbio (departament of Guarani, at 190 m). In those papers, the frog is called Phrynohyas imitatrix.
Scientists think this frog lives in many places. It lives no lower than 150 meters above sea level and no higher than 1100 meters above sea level through all of the Sierra Geral mountains and places nearby. Scientists think it could also live in western Paraguay and in the state of Parana in Brazil.
Threats
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), says this species is "not in much danger of dying out" in its Red List of Endangered Species.
References
Frogs of South America
Ben Platt

Benjamin Schiff "Ben" Platt (born September 24, 1993) is an American actor and singer-songwriter. He is known for his main role in the Broadway musical Dear Evan Hansen (2015-2017). This role earned him a Tony, Emmy, and Grammy Award. At 23, Platt became the youngest individual winner of the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical. Platt played the role of Evan Hansen in 2021 movie version of the musical.
Platt is openly gay.
References
1993 births
Living people
Grammy Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
American pop singers
American pianists
Singer-songwriters from California
Singers from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
LGBT people from Los Angeles
Gay men
LGBT singers
LGBT songwriters
LGBT musicians
LGBT actors
Musicians from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
New Kids on the Block

New Kids on the Block are an American pop group who were formed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1984. They had many hit songs in the 1980s and 1990s. They disbanded in 1994 and regrouped in 2008.
Discography
Studio albums
New Kids on the Block (1986)
Hangin' Tough (1988)
Step by Step (1990)
Face the Music (1994)
The Block (2008)
10 (2013)
Members of the group
Donnie Wahlberg
Jonathan Knight
Danny Wood
Jordan Knight
Joey McIntyre
Other websites
Official website
1984 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American boy bands
American pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1984
Musical groups from Boston
Hercules Mulligan

Hercules Mulligan was a tailor who worked as a spy against the British in the American Revolution.
Uncategorized stubs
Baba and Bhit Islands

Baba Bhit Island () is the smallest neighbourhood of Kiamari Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It includes three small fishing islands which in the centre of the harbour of Karachi.
References
Islands of Pakistan
Fried egg

A fried egg is an egg fried as food. You can remove the yolk by rubbing garlic clove on your finger, and that will allow you to pick up the egg. It's pretty cool. I also don't like fried eggs, they taste nasty.
Egg dishes
Fried foods
Saint-Laurent-de-Condel

Saint-Laurent-de-Condel is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Billy Green Bush

William Warren Bush (born November 7, 1935) is an American actor, usually credited as Billy "Green" Bush and sometimes as Billy Greenbush.
His movie roles include The Savage Seven (1968), Five Easy Pieces (1970), Monte Walsh (1970), The Jesus Trip (1971), The Organization (1971), Welcome Home, Soldier Boys (1972), The Culpepper Cattle Co. (1972), 40 Carats (1973), Electra Glide in Blue (1973), Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974), Mackintosh and T.J. (1975), The Call of the Wild (1976), The Beasts Are on the Streets (1978), The Jericho Mile (1979), Tom Horn (1980), The River (1984), The Hitcher (1986), Critters (1986), Rampage (1987) and Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday (1993).
References
Other websites
Billy Green Bush at Rotten Tomatoes
Wm. Green Bush at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection
1935 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Montgomery, Alabama
Taps (movie)

Taps is a 1981 American drama movie directed by Harold Becker and based on the 1979 novel Father Sky by Devery Freeman. It stars George C. Scott, Timothy Hutton, Ronny Cox, Sean Penn, Tom Cruise, Evan Handler and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1981 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Harold Becker
Air France-KLM

Air France-KLM is a French airline company that made a megafusion in 2004 with the Dutch airline company, KLM. They are both worth US$20 billion together.
References
Other websites
Air France-KLM Financial page
Air France-KLM Group Company profile from Yahoo!
Airlines of France
Airlines of the Netherlands
Typhoon Hagupit (2014)

Typhoon Hagupit (called Typhoon Ruby in the Philippines) was a strong tropical cyclone in the western Pacific Ocean. The storm headed towards the Philippines.
Storm warnings and notices were up for the Philippines because of this typhoon.
Hagupit became a tropical storm on December 1, 2014. It became a typhoon the next day.
Hagupit
Pacific typhoons
2014 in weather
2014 in Asia
Shrek 2

Shrek 2 is a 2004 animated comedy movie and is the second movie in the Shrek movie series. It was directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad and stars Mike Myers as Shrek, Eddie Murphy as the Donkey, Cameron Diaz as Fiona, Antonio Banderas as Puss in Boots, Julie Andrews as Fiona's mother, Rupert Everett as Prince Charming, John Cleese as Fiona's father and Jennifer Saunders as Fairy Godmother. Like the first movie, this one is a parody of fairy tales. It was followed by Shrek the Third.
Soundtrack
Singer and songwriter Adam Duritz from Counting Crows said that his band's song, "Accidentally in Love", "fits into the movie because it's the story of people who fall in love who weren't supposed to fall in love." Composer James Horner operated the sound of the score on different levels which James said as "Fun". His score came out as an Eels song into a romantic scene with Shrek and Fiona, or a funny scene with Donkey. George Bruns did not compose the film score with Horner, due to a conflict.
References
2004 animated movies
2004 computer-animated movies
2004 comedy movies
Sequel movies
Shrek
American comedy movies
Movies about animals
DreamWorks Pictures movies
American animated movies
Movies set in castles
Movies composed by Harry Gregson-Williams
Movies composed by John Powell
Screenplays by Joe Stillman
Movies directed by Kelly Asbury
Indole

Indole (a blending of the terms indigo and oleum) is an organic compound. The chemical can be found in many places in nature. It can be produced by bacteria. At room temperature, indole is a solid.
Indole is found in some vegetables. They include broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage. It is also in human feces. It has a strong fecal odor. In low concentration indole has a flowery smell. Indole is in perfumes.
Related pages
Organic compound
Feces
References
General references
Other websites
Synthesis of indoles (overview of recent methods)
Synthesis and properties of indoles at chemsynthesis.com
Organonitrogen compounds
Source bias

Source bias is a term from psychology. It means that when people select sources from where to get their information, they are more likely to pick either those sources that confirm what they already believe, or those that are very negative. This will then create so-called echo chambers for them. In news reporting, source bias affects how news organizations do news gathering in whom they choose to talk, and in news analysis, what they imply in the way they arrange facts collected.
References
Bias
Media
Frank Glazer

Frank Glazer (February 19, 1915 - January 13, 2015) was an American pianist, composer and professor of music. In 1939 Glazer performed with the Boston Symphony Orchestra under Sergei Koussevitzky. Glazer served in the US Army as an interpreter from 1943 to 1945 in Germany and France. In 1980 Glazer left Eastman and became artist in residence at Bates College in Maine. In the 1960s he recorded the complete piano music of Erik Satie for the Vox label.
Glazer died in New York City, aged 99.
References
1915 births
2015 deaths
American pianists
Educators from Maine
American composers
Musicians from Wisconsin
Vanesa Ortega Godoy

Vanesa Ortega Godoy (born March 24, 1981 in Malaga) is a track and field athlete from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and a T12/B2 type athlete. She raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. She finished in second in 400 meter T12 race. She raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.
References
Spanish middle-distance runners
Living people
1981 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Greenwich, Kansas

Greenwich is an unincorporated community in Sedgwick County, Kansas.
History
Greenwich started because a railroad went through there.
The first post office in Greenwich was built in September 1874.
Climate
Greenwich has hot and humid summers. They also have somewhat cold winters. The Koppen climate classification says that Greenwich has a humid subtropical climate.
References
Other websites
Sedgwick County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Unincorporated communities in Sedgwick County, Kansas
Hansen, Idaho

Hansen is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Twin Falls County, Idaho
Farley Granger

Farley Granger (July 1, 1925 - March 27, 2011) was an American movie, theatre, and television actor. Two of the movies he was in were directed by Alfred Hitchcock: Rope and Strangers on a Train.
Granger was bisexual, and had relationships with both women and men. Some of the people he was involved with were Shelley Winters, Ava Gardner, Leonard Bernstein, and screenwriter Arthur Laurents. His longtime romantic partner was television producer Robert Calhoun.
Granger wrote an autobiography called Include Me Out: My Life From Goldwyn to Broadway. He died of natural causes.
Selected performances
Movies
Rope
Strangers On a Train
O. Henry's Full House''Hans Christian AndersenThe Girl in the Red Velvet Swing
TelevisionWagon Train, episode "The Charles Avery Story"Ironside, episode "Eat, Drink and Be Buried"Get Smart, episode "Supersonic Boom"Hawaii Five-O, episode "One for the Money"The Six Million Dollar Man, episode "The Midas Touch"The Edge of Night, two episodesAs the World Turns'', 14 episodes
Side Street- Ny setting about a man who steals money from a safe meant for blackmail
and gets caught up in the murders
References
Other websites
1925 births
2011 deaths
Actors from Santa Clara County, California
American autobiographers
LGBT people from California
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
LGBT actors
Actors from San Jose, California