pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tiger Woods

Eldrick Tont "Tiger" Woods (born December 30, 1975) is an American professional golfer. His achievements, which include winning 70 tournaments on the PGA Tour, including 14 major championships, make him the best golfer of all time.
Early life
Woods was born in Cypress, California. His parents Kultida (Tida) (born 1944) and Earl Woods (1932-2006). He is the only child of their marriage. He does have two half-brothers, Earl Jr. (born 1955) and Kevin (born 1957) and a half-sister, Royce (born 1958) from the 18-year marriage of Earl Woods and his first wife, Barbara Woods Gray. Earl, a retired lieutenant colonel and Vietnam War veteran, was of mostly African-American, as well as Caucasian and possible Native American and Chinese ancestry. Kultida (nee Punsawad), originally from Thailand (where Earl had met her on a tour of duty in 1968), is of mixed Dutch, Chinese and Thai ancestry. He refers to his ethnic make-up as "Cablinasian" (a syllabic abbreviation he coined from Caucasian, Black, American Indian and Asian).
Personal life
He is brought up as a Buddhist from childhood.
On February 23, 2021, Woods was involved in a serious car accident in Rancho Palos Verdes, California. He suffered from multiple leg injuries and had surgery for non-life threatening injuries.
Notes
References
Other websites
Official site
African-American golfers
People from Orange County, California
Sportspeople from California
1975 births
Living people
Metamorphism

Metamorphism, in geology, is the change of the structure, texture, or composition of rocks. (an aggregation of solid matter composed of one or more of the minerals forming the earth's crust).
The scientific study of rocks is called petrology.
Rocks are commonly divided, according to their origin, into three major classes--Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. They are caused by the effects of heat, deforming pressure, shearing stress, hot/chemically active fluids, or a combination of these. All of these changes occur while the rock remains essentially in the solid state. In theory, rocks are formed when the things surrounding them are in equilibrium with ambient physical conditions. If the conditions are changed by movements in the earth's crust or by igneous activity, metamorphism occurs to reestablish equilibrium and changes the physical character of the rock mass.
Geology
Field Spaniel

The Field Spaniel is a mid-sized spaniel dog. They were first developed to be show dogs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries because they were not as good at hunting as their cousins the English Springer Spaniels and Cocker Spaniels. Later in the 20th century they were bred to have longer legs and became good gun dogs.
Colour
They are coloured either brown or black and might have white marks on their chest.
Temper
They can make good family pets and are usually good at being around children.
Numbers
They are now (2021) thought to be a rare breed but their numbers are starting to grow.
References
Spaniels
Metz-en-Couture

Metz-en-Couture is a commune. It is in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department. This in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Sandra Bullock

Sandra Annette Bullock (; born July 26, 1964) is an American-German movie actress. She became famous in the 1990s, after roles in successful movies, including Speed and While You Were Sleeping. After that, she became a very respected actress, especially after 2004 movie Crash. She is the 14th richest female celebrity with a fortune of around $85 million. She filed for divorce from her husband in April 2010 after reports of unfaithfulness by him.
Early life
Sandra Annette Bullock was born in Arlington, Virginia, which is a suburb of Washington, D.C. Her parents are called John Bullock and Helga Meyer, and she has a sister called Gesine. Sandra's mother was German, and Sandra spent lots of time in Germany when she was a child. She went to Washington-Lee High School and was a cheerleader. She went to East Carolina University. She then moved to New York City to try to become an actress.
Acting
Sandra Bullock first appeared in some TV movies, such as "Hangmen" and "Bionic Showdown". She also appeared in the movies "Love Potion No. 9" and "Demolition Man", which were quite successful movies. She then appeared in "Speed" and "While You Were Sleeping", which made her famous. She then starred more successful movies like "Miss Congeniality", "Two Weeks Notice", "Crash" and "The Lake House". Recently, she starred in the movies "The Proposal" and "The Blind Side". She received an Academy Award for her role in "The Blind Side".
Personal life
Sandra Bullock has been in relationships with Tate Donovan, Matthew McConaughey and Ryan Gosling. She then married Jesse James in 2005, but divorced him in 2010 after reports that he cheated on her.
Bullock has one son, a boy named Louis Bardo Bullock. She adopted him in 2010.
Filmography
References
Other websites
1964 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Arlington County, Virginia
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Rajneesh K. Mishra

Dr. R. K. Mishra is a laparoscopic and robotic surgeon from India. He is commonly known as Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Mishra. Mishra has authored and co-authored many scientific publications. In his publications, he has highlighted innovative surgical approaches, advancements, and outcomes in Minimal Access Surgery. He is a member of the Society of Gastrointestinal Laparoscopic Surgeons (SAGES). He is also the president of the International College of Robotic Surgeons. Also, he is the chief editor of the World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery. Mishra is also a founding member of the (CRSA) Clinical Robotic Surgery Association's Indian chapter.
Works published
Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for the treatment of acute appendicitis
Optimum shadow-casting illumination for endoscopic task performance
The Impact of the learning curve in laparoscopic surgery
Role of OT table height on the task performance of minimal access surgery
History of minimal access surgery
Changing role of laparoscopy in the management of patients with cirrhosis
Critical view of safety technique during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in prevention of biliary injuries
Laparoscopic tissue approximation techniques
Complications of laparoscopic surgery
Minimal Access Surgery Educational Needs of Trainees from Africa: Perspectives from an Asian Training Institution.
Different techniques of tissue retrieval from abdominal cavity during minimal access surgery
Study of port site complications in laparoscopic surgeries
Minimally invasive surgical techniques vs open myomectomy for treatment of uterine fibroids
Laparoscopic Hernia Repair
Textbook of practical laparoscopic surgery
Textbook of Laparoscopy for Surgeons and Gynecologists
Is There an Ideal Port Position for Laparoscopic Urological Procedures?
Comparison of PMAT camera holder with human camera holder
Comparison between Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and mini-gastric bypass in patients of developing countries
Comparing extracorporeal knots in laparoscopy using knot and loop securities
Utilization of Laparoscopic Surgery in Cirrhosis of the Liver
Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) inguinal hernia repair-recent clinical experiences of this novel technique.
Review of the Effectiveness of Composite Barrier Mesh Used for Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair
Role of indocyanine green in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Efficacy of near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography using indocyanine green in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
References
Other links
Google scholar profile
Living people
Surgeons
Indian physicians
Johannes de Villiers Graaff

Johannes de Villiers Graaff (also known as Jan de Van Graaff or Jannie Graaff; 19 February 1928 - 6 January 2015) was a South African neoclassical welfare economist. He was a former chairman of Nedbank. Graaff was known for his work on optimal savings rates and contributions to the creation of the social welfare function.
Graaff graduated from the University of Cape Town and then went on to complete his PhD in economics at St John's College, Cambridge in 1950.
On 30 June 1951, he married Lillian Clare Thomson, daughter of Sir George Paget Thomson. They had six children.
He was the youngest son of Sir David Graaff, 1st Baronet. His eldest brother is Sir De Villiers Graaff, 2nd Baronet.
Graaff was one of South Africa's most active and accomplished mountaineers, pioneering mountain climbing routes in East Africa and the Himalayas.
He died on the 6 January 2015 in Kenilworth, Cape Town, aged 86.
References
Other websites
The History of Economic Thought - Jan de Van Graaff homepage
Theoretical Welfare Economics: A Comment, M. W. Reder, 5 MAY 2007
1928 births
2015 deaths
Afrikaner people
Economists
People from Cape Town
South African scientists
South African writers
Magstadt

Magstadt is a municipality in Boblingen in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. It is between Renningen and Sindelfingen.
References
Boblingen (district)
Tanning bed

A tanning bed is a device that emits ultraviolet radiation to give people a tan (make their skin darker). Like the sun, a tanning bed can also cause a sunburn if the person stays in too long. There are many kinds of tanning beds, but most look like the one in the photo.
History
Tanning beds became popular in Europe and America because of the work of Friedrich Wolff around 1979. He patented his design and charged others to use his ideas. His company, "Wolff Systems" does not build the tanning beds, they research and design for the tanning lamp. Some of the early adopters of the Wolff technology include ETS, Inc., SCA, Sun Industries, Inc., Montego Bay, Sunal. Later, Friedrich sold Wolff Systems to his brother Jorg Wolff, who was the founder of Cosmedico, Ltd., another pioneer in the tanning industry.
Design
Tanning beds use a special fluorescent lamps (16 to 32 per tanning bed) that creates visible light and ultraviolet light. Like all fluorescent lights, they use a ballast system to limit the electricity going to each lamp, which is most often 100 watts per lamp. The tanning beds use a special acrylic, or clear shield over the lamps. Most clear plastics will block ultraviolet, but this special type of plastic lets most of the ultraviolet light pass through. Most tanning beds also have a cooling fan system, to cool the electronics inside the tanning bed and keep it from getting too hot. All tanning beds have a timer, a device to limit the amount of time the person is exposed to the ultraviolet light. After a few minutes, the timer makes the bed turn off.
Benefits and risks
Unlike the sun, tanning beds do not help the body produce vitamin D as their bulbs emit mostly UVA light. The human body needs UVB light to produce vitamin D. Both the sun and tanning beds can damage your skin if you stay exposed for too long. Getting too much UV, or many sunburns can cause skin cancer, including melanoma, which can be deadly. There is a lot of controversy due to the risks. Most countries have many laws and rules that regulate tanning beds.
References
Electromagnetic radiation
Skin
Phoksundo Lake

Phoksundo Lake is a fresh water lake in Nepal. It is located in Shey Phoksundo National Park of Nepal. It is at the height of above sea level. The size of this lake is and it holds water.
References
Lakes of Nepal
Ion Plus

Ion Plus is an American TV network owned by Ion Media. It operated as a network available through an antenna or cable TV until February 28, 2021. The network originally launched in 2007 as Ion Life. The network featured home decoration, health, cooking, and travel shows. In 2019, Ion Media converted the network into a general entertainment format that matched that of parent network Ion Television, mainly showing crime drama shows. It then became Ion Life.
Under new ownership by the E. W. Scripps Company, the channel stopped being broadcast on February 28, 2021, as the new company preferred to bring over networks it already owned. Ion Plus and Qubo continues but is only available through smart TV services on television sets made by Vizio and Samsung and other free streaming services like The Roku Channel and Amazon Freevee.
Other websites
American television channels
2021 disestablishments in the United States
Henk ten Cate

Henk ten Cate (born 9 December 1954) is a former Dutch football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1979/80||Go Ahead Eagles||Eredivisie||27||4
|-
|1980||Edmonton Drillers||NASL||21||5
|-
|1980/81||rowspan="2"|Go Ahead Eagles||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||19||3
|-
|1981/82||1||0
|-
|1981/82||Telstar||Eerste Divisie||30||7
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="3"|Go Ahead Eagles||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||31||10
|-
|1983/84||24||2
|-
|1984/85||30||2
|-
|1985/86||Heracles||Eredivisie||19||1
181||29
21||5
202||34
|}
References
1954 births
Living people
Dutch football managers
Footballers from Amsterdam
Eredivisie managers
KFC Uerdingen 05 managers
AFC Ajax managers
Indigo

Indigo is a shade of blue, more specifically, purplish blue or dark blue.
Isaac Newton named and defined indigo as a spectrum color when he divided up the spectrum into the seven colors of the rainbow. The spectral range of indigo is between 450 and 420 nanometers.
The name of the color indigo originally came from the indigo plant. Indigo is a dye made from the indigo plant, used to dye cloth. Indigo dye also is used to dye denim cloth, which is used to make what are called blue jeans (they should really be called indigo jeans). This shade of indigo is called indigo dye.
The indigo plant originally came from the nation of India. The Ancient Greek language word for the dye is indikon. The Romans used the term indicum, which passed into Italian dialect and eventually into English as the word indigo.
These things are colored indigo:
some grapes
night sky in the mid-evening
blueberries
some small clams
some eggplants
Jenna Rose's jeans
Meaning of indigo
Indigo represents religion, spirituality, sorcery and intuition.
In the Hindu religion, indigo represents the sixth chakra.
Indigo was also the name of a character from the famous toy line, Rainbow Brite.
Comparison of blue, indigo, violet and purple
Tones of indigo color comparison chart
Related pages
List of colors
Navy blue
Prussian blue
References
Artres

Artres () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,051 people lived there.
References
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Ab urbe condita

Ab urbe condita is a way to measure time.
Origin
The phrase is Latin. It literally means from when the city was founded. The city talked about is the city of Rome. This way of measuring time was not used in Classical antiquity. The first to have used it was the historian Orosius, about 400 AD.
History
Marcus Terentius Varro found out that the city of Rome was founded 440 years after the fall of Troy. Romulus and Remus founded it. Varro thought that was in the spring of 753 BC.
Marcus Porcius Cato Censorius thought that Rome was founded one year after the 7th Olympic Games. That would have been in 752 BC.
Other works
Ab urbe condita is also the main work of Titus Livius, a Roman historian.
Calendars
Laventie

Laventie is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Twin towns
Iserlohn, Germany, since 1967
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Discovery Kids (Canadian TV channel)

Discovery Kids was a Canadian English language specialty television channel owned by Corus Entertainment and Discovery Communications.
It was a Canadian version of the U.S. channel of the same name (now known as Discovery Family), which aired children's programming oriented towards nature, science, and technology subjects. It was aimed at kids aged four to eight.
Related pages
Public broadcasting
Animated series
Media
Documentary film
News broadcasting
Commercial broadcasting
Tablet phone
Television set
Boombox
Radio receiver
Video game console
Desktop computer
Government
Grand Theft Auto clone
Racing game
Vehicle simulation game
Legislature broadcaster
List of programs broadcast by Discovery Kids
Columbia Broadcasting System
Canadian television channels
2001 establishments in Canada
2009 disestablishments in North America
Tha Carter II

Tha Carter II is Lil Wayne's fifth solo album.
The album has been certified Platinum by the RIAA in the U.S. with sales of 1 million copies.
Songs
It contains these tracks:
Tha Mobb
Fly In
Money on my Mind
Fireman
Mo Fire
On Tha Block #1
Best Rapper Alive
Lock and Load
Oh No
Grown Man
On Tha Block #2
Hit Em Up
Carter II
Hustler Musik
Receipt
Shooter
Weezy Baby
On Tha Block #3
I'm A Dboy
Feel Me
Get Over
Fly Out
2005 albums
Lil Wayne albums
Mole Attack

Mole Attack is a video game version of the mechanical arcade game Whac-A-Mole. Commodore published it in 1981 for the Commodore VIC-20 and the PC-8001.
Gameplay
Moles appear from 9 holes. The player has 60 seconds to hit as many moles as they can with a hammer. A joystick or the keyboard can be used.
Reception
In a 1983 review for Electronic Games, Charlene Komar said: "Mole Attack will probably be a favorite among younger arcaders. Even though the eye-catching graphics combine well with the time-limit excitement, adults will probably find the game too simple and repetitive to get too many repeat plays."
References
Other websites
1984 Software Encyclopedia from Electronic Games
The official PasocomMini PC-8001 website ; the PC-8001 version is included
1981 video games
Boyd Holbrook

Robert Boyd Holbrook (born September 1, 1981) is an American actor and fashion model. He is known for his roles in Milk, Out of the Furnace, Run All Night, A Walk Among the Tombstones, and Gone Girl, and starred as DEA Agent Steve Murphy in Netflix series Narcos.
References
Other websites
1981 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Models from Kentucky
Actors from Kentucky
Buckley

Buckley ( ) is a town and community in Flintshire, north-east Wales, from the county town of Mold.
Buckley is the second largest town in Flintshire in terms of population. At the 2011 Census, its community had a population of 15,665. When the contiguous Argoed community is included, Buckley has a population of 21,502.
References
Towns in Flintshire
Prime Minister of France

The Prime Minister of France is the person who controls the government of France day-to-day. They are appointed by the President of France.
The current Prime Minister of France is Elisabeth Borne. She was given the job by President Emmanuel Macron on 16 May 2022.
Prime ministers since 1958
Political parties
References
Gosei (competition)

For other uses, see Gosei.
The is a Japanese competition event for expert players of Go. It is also the title which is earned by the winner of the competition.
References
Sport in Japan
Romanian Television

Televiziunea Romana (TVR) is the national television system of Romania. It is made up of many channels (important channels of TVR : TVR1, TVR2, TVR3, TVR Cultural and TVR Info). It broadcasts most official and important international events. It started in the year 1956.
References
Other websites
TVR official website
Six TVR journalists accuse censorship (Ziua, 8 December 2004)
1956 establishments in Europe
Television networks
20th-century establishments in Romania
Organizations based in Romania
Easton, Massachusetts

Easton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Maui Taylor

Maui Ann Taylor (born June 28, 1983) is Filipino actress, YouTuber, model, and celebrity influencer. She was a member of Viva Hot Babes, a sexy all-girls group created by Viva Entertainment in the 2000's.
Family life
Maui has been together with her partner, Anton Sabarre, for more than a decade now. They have two children together: Antoine and Mateo Sabarre.
References
Other Websites
http://www.facebook.com/therealmauitaylor
http://www.instagram.com/therealmauitaylor
1983 births
Living people
Filipino actors
YouTubers
Bitlis

Bitlis is a city in eastern Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2020, 70,344 people lived there.
References
Cities in Turkey
Central Anatolia Region
Jason Epstein

Jason Wolkow Epstein (August 25, 1928 - February 4, 2022) was an American editor and publisher. In 1950, he began working for Doubleday. In 1958 Epstein left Doubleday to join Random House where he was editorial director until his retirement in 1999. In 2004, he co-founded On Demand Books.
Epstein died on February 4, 2022, at his home in Sag Harbor, New York from congestive heart failure at the age of 93.
References
1928 births
2022 deaths
American editors
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Writers from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from New York City
Writers from New York City
Deaths from congestive heart failure
People from Cambridge, Massachusetts
Jay McGraw

Jay Phillip McGraw (born September 12, 1979) is an American writer and television producer. He has written books for young people and is president and CEO of Stage 29 Productions. He is the son of Dr. Phil McGraw and is the executive producer of his father's television show Dr. Phil.
Early life
Jay McGraw was born in Wichita County, Texas on September 12, 1979, to Dr. Phil McGraw and his wife Robin.
Career
McGraw is president and CEO of Stage 29 Productions in Los Angeles, a company he started with his father. He is the host of Renovate My Family, which aired on Fox. He is executive producer of the television series The Doctors.
Personal life
McGraw married Playboy model Erica Dahm at his parents' home in Beverly Hills on August 12, 2006.
Bibliography
Closing The Gap: A Strategy for Bringing Parents and Teens Together (2001)
Life Strategies For Teens (2000)
Life Strategies For Teens Workbook
Daily Life Strategies for Teens (2001)
The Ultimate Weight Solution for Teens (co-authored with Dr. Phil) (2003)
References
Other websites
1979 births
Living people
American television talk show hosts
American chief executives
American aviators
Sir David's long-beaked echidna

Sir David's long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus attenboroughi), also known as the cyclops long-beaked echidna, is one of three species of the genus Zaglossus. All of them are found in New Guinea. It is named after Sir David Attenborough. It lives in the Cyclops mountains in Papua province of Indonesia near the cities of Sentani, Jayapura.
The species was described from a single damaged animal, which was collected in the Dutch colonial era (c. 1961). It has not been collected since that time. The Cyclops mountain forest habitat has been disturbed recently. This has raised concern that Z. attenboroughi populations may already be endangered or even locally extinct. However, many parts of the mountains are covered in thick jungle and have not been searched since 1961. It is possible that the animal still exists there or in nearby mountain ranges. In 2007 scientists found holes which they believe were made by the echidna poking its nose into the dirt while looking for earthworms.
It is the smallest member of the genus. It is closer in size to the short-beaked echidna than other members of the genus. It has five claws on its fore and hind feet. It has dense short fur.
References
Monotremes
Mammals of Oceania
Saint-Martin-de-Crau

Saint-Martin-de-Crau is a commune. It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
References
Communes in Bouches-du-Rhone
Gylfi Einarsson

Gylfi Einarsson (born 27 October 1978, in Reykjavik) is an Icelandic football player.
References
1978 births
Living people
Icelandic footballers
Association football midfielders
People from Reykjavik
Rich Hill, Missouri

Rich Hill is a city in Bates County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Verneil-le-Chétif

Verneil-le-Chetif is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
References
Communes in Sarthe
Phoenix Hong Kong Channel

Phoenix Hong Kong Channel is one of the six channels that Phoenix Television operates. It was launched on 28 March 2011.
Programmes
Info Stream
Phoenix Afternoon News
Phoenix News On 6
Medi App
Speak Out Hong Kong
News Decoder
Related pages
Phoenix Chinese Channel
Phoenix InfoNews Channel
Phoenix Chinese News and Entertainment Channel
Phoenix Movies Channel
References
Other websites
Official Site
Television networks
2011 establishments in Asia
Trey, Vaud

Trey is a municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Vaud
Epistle to the Galatians

The Epistle to the Galatians (or Galatians) is the forty-eighth book in the Bible (and ninth in the New Testament), written by the Apostle Paul. The book was written to the people of Galatia, a part of modern day Turkey, with whom Paul had earlier preached and founded the congregation in their area.
It is not known for sure, but most believe that the book was written around 57 A.D. One of the curious verses in the letter is where Paul says "See with what large letters I am writing this in my own hand". (Chapter 6, verse 11). This is understood to mean that normally Paul used a secretary to write down as he spoke his letters. However he wanted the Galatians to be sure it was he himself that was the author of the letter they would receive so he wrote a few lines himself. Some believe he had poor eyesight and so had to write with "large letters".
Content
Paul's letter is to settle an important question of that day. It is if the gentile Christians must first join the Jewish religion and keep the Law of Moses. Paul says that the gentile Galatians do not need to keep the old Laws such as the need for circumcision, which is the removal of some skin around the male sex organ, done by Jews and Muslims as an act of religious obedience to God. Paul says that this is no longer important since Jesus has come. Paul says it is not good that the community has turned from the gospel (Chapter 1, verses 6-10) He says there is only one gospel and one way of being saved through faith in Christ and that adding to that makes it another gospel. He talks about his early life as a Jew, (Chapter 1, verses 13-14), how he met Christ, often called the conversion of Paul, (Chapter 1, verses 15-16), and his early work (Chapter 1 verses 17-24). He tells about meeting with the other Christian leaders in Jerusalem as reported in Acts chapter 15, verses 2:1-10. He says that they agreed with him that the gentiles did not need to be become practicing Jews first. In Chapter 2 he tells about a meeting with Peter where he told Peter that he was not acting properly towards the gentile Christians by not eating with them. Then he says that Jews, like Gentiles, are not made right with God by keeping the old Law but by trusting in what Jesus did for them when He died on the cross. Later in the book he tells that the Law was given to show us how sinful we are so that we would see the need for forgiveness. He says that when we love others we have fulfilled the true meaning of the Law. He writes that when we have faith, God sends the Holy Spirit who helps us live a good life and keep from bad things. He gives a list of those bad and good actions. (Chapter 5)
Importance
The Epistle to the Galatians has been very important in the history of Christianity, the development of Christian theology, and the study of the apostle Paul.
The book contains some of the most known Bible teachings, such as that all have need of salvation (Galatians 3:28-29), and the Fruits of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23).
References
Other websites
Galatians (KJV)
Galatians (NIV)
Pauline epistles
New Testament books
We Are Number One

"We Are Number One" is a 2014 song from the Icelandic children's television series LazyTown. It was composed by Mani Svavarsson. The song was seen in the twelfth episode of the show's fourth season. The episode was called "Robbie's Dream Team", which is the 103rd episode overall.
The song gained popularity in September 2016, when a remix was uploaded onto the YouTube channel SiIvaGunner, where many memes and parody videos have been uploaded since.
The song also became popular in the aftermath of Stefan Stefansson having announced that he had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
The official music video has over 47 million views on YouTube as of 22 August 2018. It is the most viewed video of the LazyTown YouTube channel.
A petition was set up to have Stefansson perform the song to represent Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest, receiving over 12,000 signatures. The petition wanted him to participate in the 2017 edition.
References
2014 songs
Music memes
Mithridates VI Eupator

Mithridates VI Eupator (135-63 BC) (Greek: Mithradates) was king of Pontus during the Mithridatic dynasty. The Hellenistic kingdom was based in ancient Anatolia. He is known as Mithridates the Great or Mithridates the Poison king.
He reigned from 120 BC to 63 BC.
References
History of Greece
Charles Umpherston Aitchison

Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison (1832 - 1896), was a British Indian administrator. He was Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab from 1882 to 1887. He was of Scottish origins.
He is specially remembered today for founding the Aitchison College, Lahore (now in Pakistan) in 1886. He also played an important role in supporting the earlier establishment of the University of the Punjab in 1882, on the recommendation of Dr Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner.
Aitchison later also was Chief Commissioner of the British Crown Colony of Burma from 1878 to 1880.
1832 births
1896 deaths
People of British India
Entropy

The entropy of an object is a measure of the amount of energy which is unavailable to do work. Entropy is also a measure of the number of possible arrangements the atoms in a system can have. In this sense, entropy is a measure of uncertainty or randomness. The higher the entropy of an object, the more uncertain we are about the states of the atoms making up that object because there are more states to decide from. A law of physics says that it takes work to make the entropy of an object or system smaller; without work, entropy can never become smaller - you could say that everything slowly goes to disorder (higher entropy).
The word entropy came from the study of heat and energy in the period 1850 to 1900. Some very useful mathematical ideas about probability calculations emerged from the study of entropy. These ideas are now used in information theory, statistical mechanics, chemistry and other areas of study.
Entropy is simply a quantitative measure of what the second law of thermodynamics describes: the spreading of energy until it is evenly spread. The meaning of entropy is different in different fields. It can mean:
Information entropy, which is a measure of information communicated by systems that are affected by data noise.
Thermodynamic entropy is part of the science of heat energy. It is a measure of how organized or disorganized energy is in a system of atoms or molecules.
Thermodynamics
Basic physics ideas
The Red Girl

The Red Girl is a 1908 American silent western movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Florence Lawrence, Charles Inslee, and Linda Arvidson.
Actors
Florence Lawrence as The Red Girl
Charles Inslee as The Red Girl's Husband
Linda Arvidson as Woman in Second Bar
Clara T. Bracy
George Gebhardt as Indian / Man in First Bar / Man in Second Bar
D. W. Griffith as Man on Footpath
Arthur V. Johnson
Anthony O'Sullivan
Mack Sennett as Man in First Bar / Man in Second Bar
Harry Solter as Bartender
Marion Sunshine
References
Other websites
American movies
1908 movies
American silent movies
American Western (genre) movies
Clyde Tombaugh

Clyde William Tombaugh (February 4, 1906January 17, 1997) was an American astronomer known for discovering Pluto in 1930.
Biography
Tombaugh was born in Streator, Illinois. After his family moved to Burdett, Kansas, Tombaugh planned to attend college. After a hailstorm ruined his family's farm crops, he no longer had money for the expense of college.
After he discovered Pluto, he went to college at the University of Kansas and graduated with two degrees in astronomy.
References
Sources
Falk, Dan, "More than a one-hit wonder", Astronomy, February 2006, 40-45.
David H. Levy Clyde Tombaugh: Discoverer of the Planet Pluto (Tucson, Ariz.: University of Arizona Press, 1991). ; also Sky Publishing Corporation, March 2006
Other websites
Many biographical articles on Clyde Tombaugh
Quote from Tombaugh on UFOs
UFO activities of Tombaugh
Academic paper on Tombaugh's UFO activities and near-earth satellite search
Illinois proposes a Pluto Day and reinstate Pluto as a Planet in honor of C. Tombaugh: Illinois General Assembly, Senate Resolution SR0046 2/26/2009
1906 births
1997 deaths
American astronomers
Scientists from Illinois
Winterrieden

Winterrieden is a municipality in Unterallgau in Bavaria, Germany. The municipality has a municipal association with Babenhausen.
References
Unterallgau
Filippo Reef

Filippo Reef is a coral reef in the Pacific Ocean. It is located at , east of Starbuck Island in the Line Islands. The reef was reported by the master of the Italian barque Filippo who saw it on 28 June 1886. From an unidentified report of breakers dated 1926, it was estimated to have a water depth of only , and appeared to be about long northwest to southeast, and less in width.
The only sighting referenced shows a date of 1926. The topographic data supplied by the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), however, shows a sea depth of . It is therefore likely that this 1926 report is an error, and that Filippo Reef is a phantom island. Maps showing the reef rely on the report of 1926, and are likely in error.
Nevertheless, it is marked in the 2005 edition of the National Geographic Atlas of the World.
References
Phantom islands
Pailharès

Pailhares is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Litoria viranula

Litoria viranula is a frog from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. It is related to Litoria bicolor.
The male adult frog is about 23.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the females is about 26.4 mm long. Its head is longer than it is wide and its pupils open up and down. The front feet usually have almost no webbing and the back feet have lots of webbing. It is bright green with a bronze stripe on its back. It has darker patches on its legs and middle.
It lives in forests near the Digul River and Fly River.
They lay eggs in flowing water and in temporarily flooded places.
The Latin name of this species viranula is a combination of viridis and ranula for green and frog.
First paper
References
Frogs of Oceania
Castelviel

Castelviel is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Supply-side economics

Supply-side economics or trickle-down economics is a theory that if taxes were cut on the richest people in society, rich people would use their extra money to invest in the economy, but if taxes were increased, the wealthy would leave the country and invest somewhere else where the tax rates are lower. People who support supply-side economics believe that taxes punished productivity and if they were lowered, people would produce more goods and services. Many supporters of supply-side economics also support things such as limited government spending, low inflation, and regulating the economy less.
Economist Arthur Laffer supported supply-side economics with a theory called a Laffer Curve. The theory stated that government will get no money if taxes were too high--nobody would pay them--and that the government would not get enough money if taxes were too low. The theory also stated that if taxes were too high, the economy would be less productive and it would give the government less money and that if taxes were low, the economy would be productive and the government would get more money.
Supply-side economics was used while Ronald Reagan was president during the 1980's. Income taxes on the wealthiest Americans were cut from 70% to 50% to 28% during his two terms. Also, capital gains taxes were cut. Supporters of supply-side economics mention that those tax cuts have resulted in economic recovery during the 1980's and the strong economic boom in the 1990's and first decade of the 21st century.
Critics of supply-side economics say that the wealthy gain a lot of money in the hope that a very small amount of it will trickle down to the poor, and they call it voodoo economics. Many critics say that supply-side economic policies are bad because they result in a bigger gap between the rich and the poor. They also criticize that the reduction in taxes results in the cutting of programs for the poor people who need it. Other critics point out that large supply-cuts tax cuts, in combination with increases in military spending, has resulted in the government being in a large amount of debt.
Economic policy
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Tuatara

Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) are a species of reptiles which look like lizards. However, they are the only surviving member of an order of reptiles which flourished 200 million years ago.
There is now only the genus Sphenodon, with two species of Tuatara. Both are endemic to (only live in) New Zealand. Lizards and snakes are the closest living relatives of the tuatara.
Tuatara are green-brown, and measure up to 80 cm from head to the end of their tail. They have a spiny crest along the back: the Maori word tuatara refers to this.
The crest is more pronounced in males. Tuatara are special in many ways. One of these is the pattern of their teeth. They have two rows of teeth in the upper jaw overlap one row on the lower jaw. This is unique among living species.
Sense organs
Third 'eye'
Tuatara are also unusual because they have a third 'eye'. They have two normal eyes. The third eye is on top of their head, in between their other eyes. It does not see like a normal eye. The parietal eye, as it is called, is only visible in hatchlings. They have a translucent patch at the top centre of the skull. After four to six months this becomes covered with opaque scales and pigment.
The function of the parietal eye is unknown, but it may be useful in absorbing ultraviolet rays to manufacture vitamin D. It may also do other things. Of all living tetrapods, the parietal eye is most obvious in this animal. The parietal eye is part of the pineal system. The animal's pineal gland secretes melatonin at night. Some salamanders use their pineal body to perceive polarised light, which helps navigation. Unlike lizards they have no eardrums or external male sexual organ.
Hearing
Tuataras do not have ears, but they can hear. They have a number of unique features in their skeleton (bones), some of them shared through common descent with fish.
Endangered species
The tuatara has been classified as an endangered species since 1895. The second species, S. guntheri, was not discovered until 1989.
Tuatara, like many of New Zealand's native animals, are threatened by habitat loss and the introduced Polynesian Rat Rattus exulans. They were extinct on the mainland, with the remaining populations confined to 32 offshore islands, until the first mainland release into the heavily fenced and monitored Karori Wildlife Sanctuary in 2005.
References
Scaled reptiles
Living fossils
Animals of New Zealand
Xavi Simons

Xavier Quentin Shay Simons (born 21 April 2003) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain.
Born in Amsterdam, Simons is the son of Dutch former footballer Regillio Simons. Simons is of Surinamese descent through his father and of Dutch descent through his mother. His brother Faustino, who also played football, shares the same birthday as him.
2003 births
Living people
Footballers from Amsterdam
Donald Davidson

Donald Davidson was an American philosopher. He taught philosophy during several years at the American universities.
Education
Davidson majored in English and comparative literature on William Shakespeare at Harvard University and switched it to philosophy.
career
He taught Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley and also held teaching appointments several other universities such as Stanford University, Rockefeller University, Princeton University, and the University of Chicago.
Works
Here is the list of some of his works in philosophy:
"Truth and Meaning," Synthese, 17, 1967. (Reprinted in Davidson, 2001b.)
"Mental Events," in Experience and Theory, Foster and Swanson (eds.). London: Duckworth. 1970. (Reprinted in Davidson, 2001a).
"Agency," in Agent, Action, and Reason, Binkley, Bronaugh, and Marras (eds.), Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1971. (Reprinted in Davidson, 2001a.)
Essays on Actions and Events, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001a.
Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001b.
Problems of Rationality, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2004.
Truth, Language, and History: Philosophical Essays, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005.
Truth and Predication. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005.
Notes
References
Lepore, Ernest and Kirk Ludwig. Donald Davidson: Meaning, Truth, Language and Reality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005.
Ludwig, Kirk (ed.). Donald Davidson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003.
Mou, Bo (ed.). Davidson's Philosophy and Chinese Philosophy: Constructive Engagement. Leiden & Boston: Brill. 2006.
Kotatko, Petr, Peter Pagin and Gabriel Segal (eds.). Interpreting Davidson. Stanford: CSLI Publications. 2001.
Evnine, Simon. Donald Davidson. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1991.
Other websites
"Donald Davidson" - by Jeff Malpas, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2005.
"Donald Davidson (1917-2003)" by Vladimir Kalugin, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2006.
Donald Davidson on the academic senate website
1917 births
2003 deaths
American philosophers
Analytic philosophers
University of California, Berkeley faculty
BBC News (TV channel)

BBC News is a free news channel, broadcast by BBC. It began on 9th November 1997 as BBC News 24 until it was rebranded to its current name on 21st April 2008. The BBC's website, bbc.co.uk, also features a section called BBC News. This section contains news articles and videos of broadcasts from the news channel.
Other websites
BBC News at TV ARK
The BBC News Styleguide
1997 establishments in the United Kingdom
News
News
Fame (musical)

Fame - The Musical is a musical. Jose Fernandez wrote the book. Jacques Levy wrote the lyrics. Steve Margoshes wrote the music. The musical is based on Fame, a 1980 movie.
The musical premiered in 1980 in Miami, Florida. It opened on the West End in 1995. It played Off-Broadway between 2003 and 2004. The story tells of students in a high school for the performing arts.
Other websites
Extensive information from the MTI website
Information from StageAgent.com
Historical production information
Information on UK productions
Information on NL productions
Information on NL (language) productions
'I'm Gonna Live Forever' - a new version from Fame Forever
Musicals based on movies
West End musicals
1980s musicals
1980 works
Timofei Moșneaga

Timofei Mosneaga (6 March 1932 - 1 June 2014) was a Moldovan physician and politician.
In 1960, at the age of 27, he was appointed Director of Republican Clinical Hospital. Timofei Mosneaga held this position for over four decades and brought an essential contribution to the development of the institution.
In 1989, Timofei Mosneaga was elected People's Deputy of the Soviet Union and was member of the Supreme Soviet Committee on Foreign Affairs.
In 1994, he was elected Member of the Moldovan Parliament.
In the period 1994-1997, Timofei Mosneaga held the office of Minister of Health of Moldova.
He passed away on 1 June 2014 in Chisinau.
For outstanding merits in his professional activity, Timofei Mosneaga received high state distinctions, among which the Order of the Republic.
His bust stands on the Alley of Brilliant Scientists and Doctors in Chisinau.
As of 19 July 2017, per the Moldovan Cabinet's decision, the Republican Clinical Hospital is named after Timofei Mosneaga.
Bibliography
2014 deaths
Chris Sununu

Christopher T. "Chris" Sununu (born November 5, 1974) is the 82nd Governor of New Hampshire. Sununu was a Republican member of the New Hampshire Executive Council from 2011 to 2017.
Sununu was born in Salem, New Hampshire.
He also serves as chief executive officer of the Waterville Valley Ski Resort in Waterville Valley, New Hampshire. He earned a bachelor's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sununu is a son of former New Hampshire Governor John H. Sununu and brother of former U.S. Senator John E. Sununu.
On July 19, 2023, Sununu announced that he would not run for a fifth term as governor.
References
Other websites
Chris Sununu for Governor
New Hampshire bio of Sununu
ABC News article on Sununu
1974 births
Living people
Governors of New Hampshire
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Emmingen-Liptingen

Emmingen-Liptingen is a municipality of the district of Tuttlingen in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany.
History
Emmingen was first mentioned in 820, Liptingen in 761. The municipalities were joined together in 1975.
References
Other websites
Official website
Tuttlingen
List of BitTorrent clients

A BitTorrent client is a program that downloads files using the BitTorrent protocol.
The first client, known as BitTorrent, was created by Bram Cohen in the summer of 2002. Most of the other clients are based in part on BitTorrent. Programs that use BitTorrent protocol are:
ABC
Acquisition
Anatomic P2P
Arctic Torrent
aria2
Azureus
BiglyBT
BitComet
BitFlu
BitLet
BitLord
BitPump
BitTornado
BitTorrent 5 / Mainline
BitTorrent 6
BitSpirit
Bits on Wheels
BitTyrant
Blizzard Downloader
Blog Torrent
BTPD
BTSharp (library)
burst!
CTorrent
Deluge
FlashGet
Folx
freeloader
G3 Torrent
Gnome BitTorrent
Halite
KTorrent
MLDonkey
MonoTorrent (client library)
MooPolice
Opera
QTorrent
Qbittorrent
rTorrent
Rufus
Shareaza
sharktorrent
SymTorrent
Torrent Swapper
TorrentVolve
Transmission
Turbo Torrent
TorrentSpy Rufus
uTorrent
XTorrent
ZipTorrent
Related pages
Comparison of file sharing applications
BitTorrent
BitTorrent tracker
Comparison of BitTorrent clients
Software
Computer-related lists
30,000 Pounds of Bananas

"30,000 Pounds of Bananas" is a song by Harry Chapin. It is from his 1974 Verities & Balderdash album.
The song tells the story of real-life truck accident which happened on March 18, 1965, in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
References
1974 songs
Scranton, Pennsylvania
Momijigari

is the Japanese tradition of visiting areas where leaves have turned red in the autumn. The word comes from the two Japanese words meaning "red leaves" or "maple tree" and , "hunting". It is also called . "Koyo" is another pronunciation of the characters for "momiji". In Hokkaido another word for it is .
Many people in Japan do this. The cities of Nikko, Tochigi and Kyoto are very popular. The tradition started in the Heian era.
Related pages
Hanami
References
Other websites
"Momijigari" , Japanese events calendar
Japanese customs
Dying Fetus

Dying Fetus is an American death metal band from Upper Marlboro, Maryland. Dying Fetus has three members in the band; the current band members are John Gallagher, Sean Beasley and Trey Williams. The band was formed in 1991 by the band member John Gallagher and former band member Jason Netherton. They released their debut album, Purification Through Violence, in 1996 and shortly afterwards left Pulverizer Records. They are currently signed to Relapse Records.
Band members
Current
John Gallagher - vocals, guitar (1991-present), drums (1991-1993)
Sean Beasley - vocals, bass guitar (2001-present)
Trey Williams - drums (2007-present)
Former
Jason Netherton - bass, vocals (1991-2000)
Nick Speleos - guitar, vocals (1991-1993)
Rob Belton - drums (1993-1996)
Brian Latta - guitar (1994-1998)
Casey Buckler - drums (1995-1996)
Eric Sayenga - drums (1996-1997, 2001-2005)
Kevin Talley - drums (1997-2001)
John "Sparky" Voyles - guitar (1999-2001)
Vince Matthews - vocals (2001-2005)
Duane Timlin - drums (2006-2007)
Mike Kimball- guitar (2003-2007)
Discography
Albums
Purification Through Violence (1996)
Killing on Adrenaline (1998)
Destroy the Opposition (2000)
Stop at Nothing (2003)
War of Attrition (2007)
Descend into Depravity (2009)
Reign Supreme (2012)
References
Other websites
Official website
American heavy metal bands
Death metal bands
Hardcore punk
Musical groups from Maryland
Musical groups established in 1991
1991 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Maryland