pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sverigetopplistan

Sverigetopplistan, also known as Topplistan and Hitlistan, is since October 2007 the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from Swedish Recording Industry Association. Since late 2006 the chart has included legal downloads.
The following charts are included:
Singles Top 60
Albums Top 60
DVDs Top 20
Ringtones Top 20
1976-2006 the sales chart was broadcast on Sveriges Radio P3. From 2007, P3 only presents sales data for digital downloads (DigiListan), tracked by Nielsen SoundScan.
Other websites
Sverigetopplistan
The archive
Swedish music
Record charts
Stockholm Cathedral

The Stockholm Cathedral () is a cathedral in the town of Stockholm in Sweden. It belongs to the Stockholm Cathedral Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church building serves the Diocese of Stockholm. It has been around since the 12th century.
Other websites
Church of Sweden cathedrals
12th-century buildings and structures
Buildings and structures in Stockholm
Russellville, Alabama

Russellville is a city in Franklin County in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 8,971. The city is the county seat of Franklin County.
References
County seats in Alabama
Cities in Alabama
Elektra (character)

Elektra Natchios is a fictional character. She appears in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
Cast
Jennifer Garner portrayed Elektra in the films Daredevil (2003) and Elektra (2005). Elodie Yung portrayed the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Daredevil and The Defenders.
Marvel Comics characters
Minnesota Twins

The Minnesota Twins are a Major League Baseball team in Minneapolis, Minnesota. They began in 1901 as the Washington Senators, based in Washington, D.C. They moved to the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area in 1961. That area is often called the "Twin Cities", so the team was renamed the "Twins". They have often worn a "TC" emblem on their uniforms and caps.
As the Senators, they were not very successful overall. They had some strong teams in the 1920s and 1930s, but most years they played poorly. As the Twins, they have had much better success, with two World Series championships, in 1987 and 1991, and many other post-season games.
They first played at Metropolitan Stadium in the suburb of Bloomington, Minnesota. They moved to the Metrodome in 1982, and then to Target Field in 2010.
References
Other websites
Official Website
1960s establishments in Minnesota
1894 establishments in the United States
Sports in Minneapolis
Robin Hood (roller coaster)

Robin Hood is a wooden roller coaster at Walibi Holland in the Netherlands.
Information
Robin Hood was designed by Stand Company and built by Vekoma in 2000. It has a capacity of 815 people per hour. The coaster has 2 trains, both having 4 cars with 6 seats (per train 24 people). A ride takes about 2.5 minutes and the coaster is about 1 kilometer long. The ride will close in 2018 for an RMC make-over.
References
Roller coasters in the Netherlands
Roller coasters by name
2000 establishments in the Netherlands
Everton, Arkansas

Everton is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Towns in Arkansas
Azerbaijan Railways

"Azerbaijan Railways" Closed Joint-Stock Company () is the national state-owned rail transport company in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The total length of the rail network is , with a rail gauge which is electrified at 3 kV (3,000 V) DC. The headquarters of the Azerbaijan Railways is in the capital Baku.
The Azerbaijan Railways was made from the Soviet Railways. The Soviet Railways itself came after the Russian Imperial Railways.
After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, its railway system broke up into national railway systems of many countries which used to be in the Soviet Union. The Republic of Azerbaijan became independent the same year and the Azerbaijan Railways was made.
The first railway line in Azerbaijan was laid in 1878 and was opened in 1880 in the suburbs outside Baku.
There are kilometers of railway tracks out of which 72% or kilometers are single railway tracks and 28% or kilometers are double railway tracks which are laid next to each other.
Of the total length of the railway routes 43% or are electrified.
About 38% of the length of the railway routes or has full automatic railway signaling systems and 16% or are supported by the communications and repair employees who are responsible for getting and giving the right and trustworthy messages to the train drivers and railway stations on time, and following and repairing the trains and railway equipment.
The railway has 176 railway stations, 2 of which Bil@c@ri (in Baku) and Sirvan are completely automatic, 12 stations have extra places in railway storage areas for cargo containers with adapted mechanisms and machines, 3 stations - Kesl@ (in Baku), G@nc@ and Xirdalan are able to supply many cargo containers.
Of the total length of the railway routes 72% or are for public transport and does not include railway routes for freight rail transport.
A lot of the railway track and trains have to be repaired or replaced. However, with the Kars-Tbilisi-Baku railway, a regional rail link project that directly connects Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan, which was completed and opened in 2017, the railway lines are getting more modern in Azerbaijan with the newest technology and new and fast trains. These will replace the old trains which are still being used. The freight market share of the railways are also expected to rise quickly with the completion of the Kars-Tbilisi-Baku railway in 2017.
The total length of the Azerbaijan Railways ranks 57th in length among the countries in the world.
International railway links with neighboring countries
Russia - gauge.
Georgia - gauge - also standard gauge link to Turkey since 2017.
Iran - change of gauge - .
Turkey - no direct link - change of gauge - standard gauge via Georgia since 2017.
Armenia - gauge - closed for political reasons.
References
Other websites
Azerbaijan Railways Official Site
Gallery and Information of the Electric Locomotives of the Azerbaijan Railways
Schematic Map of the Azerbaijan Railway Network
Gallery and Information of the Electric Locomotives of the Azerbaijan Railways
Rail transport in Azerbaijan
Railway companies
1991 establishments in Azerbaijan
Companies of Azerbaijan
Barbados national football team

Barbados national football team is the national football team of Barbados.
References
Caribbean national football teams
National sports teams of Barbados
Eutaw, Alabama

Eutaw is a city in Greene County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 2,937. The city is the county seat of Greene County and was named after the Revolutionary War battle of Eutaw Springs, South Carolina. It is part of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.
References
Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Harold Denton

Harold Ray Denton (February 24, 1936 - February 13, 2017) was an American civil servant. He served as the Director of the Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation at the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) from 1988 until his retirement in 1998. He is best known for his role as President Jimmy Carter's personal adviser for the Three Mile Island (TMI) accident.
Denton was born in Rocky Mountain, North Carolina. He died at his home in Knoxville, Tennessee from complications of Alzheimer's disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 80.
References
1936 births
2017 deaths
American civil servants
People from North Carolina
Kim Yong-chun

Kim Yong-chun (4 March 1936 - 16 August 2018) was a North Korean soldier and politician. He was a leader of the North Korean military. He held the North Korean military rank Chasu (Vice Marshal), was Vice Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea, and was Minister of People's Armed Forces. He held a minor post within the Workers Party.
Kim died on 16 August 2018 in Pyongyang from a heart attack at the age of 82.
References
1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
North Korean military people
North Korean politicians
Leslie Orgel

Leslie Eleazer Orgel FRS (12 January 1927 - 27 October 2007) was a British chemist.
Born in London, Orgel received his B.A. and Ph.D in chemistry at Magdalen College, Oxford University.
He was one of the first people to see, in April 1953, Crick and Watson's model of DNA: at the time he worked at Oxford University's Chemistry Department.
In 1964 Orgel was appointed Senior Fellow and Research Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, where he directed the Chemical Evolution Laboratory. He was also an adjunct professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego, and he was one of five principal investigators in the NASA-sponsored NSCORT program in exobiology. Orgel also participated in NASA's Viking Mars Lander Program as a member of the Molecular Analysis Team that designed the gas chromatography mass spectrometer instrument that robots took to the planet Mars.
Orgel's lab came across an economical way to make cytarabine, a compound that is one of today's most commonly used anti-cancer agents.
During the 1970s, Orgel suggested reconsidering the panspermia hypothesis, according to which the earliest forms of life on earth did not originate here, but arrived from outer space with meteorites.
Together with Stanley Miller, Orgel also suggested that peptide nucleic acids - rather than ribonucleic acids - constituted the first pre-biotic systems capable of self-replication on early Earth.
His name is popularly known because of Orgel's rules, credited to him, particularly Orgel's Second Rule: "Evolution is cleverer than you are".
In his book The Origins of Life, Orgel coined the concept of specified complexity, to describe the criterion by which living organisms are distinguished from non-living matter. He published over three hundred articles in his research areas.
Orgel died of cancer on 27 October 2007 at the San Diego Hospice & Palliative Care in San Diego, California.
Awards
Fellow of the Royal Society
National Academy of Sciences
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Publications
Leslie E. Orgel, An introduction to transition-metal chemistry: the ligand field theory. 1961
Leslie E. Orgel, The origins of life: molecules and natural selection. 1973
Leslie E. Orgel and Stanley L. Miller, The origins of life on the Earth. 1974
References
1927 births
2007 deaths
English chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Jewish British academics
Jewish British scientists
Year as Long as Life

Year as Long as Life () is a 1966 Soviet drama movie directed by Grigori Roshal. It stars Igor Kvasha, Andrey Mironov, and Rufina Nifontova.
Actors
Igor Kvasha as Karl Marx
Andrey Mironov as Friedrich Engels
Rufina Nifontova
Anatoliy Solovyov
Aleksey Alekseev
Vasiliy Livanov
References
Other websites
1966 drama movies
Soviet drama movies
Movies directed by Grigori Roshal
Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri

Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri ( 'Izzat Ibrahim ad-Duri; 1 July 1942 - 26 October 2020) was an Iraqi general and a commander of the Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order. He was an Iraqi military commander and was vice chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council until the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. He was second in command of Iraq after Saddam's sons.
Between 1979 to 2003, he was the Vice President of Iraq during the Saddam Hussein regime.
Douri was born in Ad-Dawr, Saladin Province. He was a Sufi Muslim.
Douri was apparently killed in a car bombing on 17 April 2015 in Tikrit, aged 72 but DNA tests failed to confirm his death. A year later, he appeared in a video sent to the press.
Douri died on 26 October 2020 in Iraq from leukemia, aged 78.
References
Other websites
1942 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Asian Sufis
Vice presidents of Iraq
Iraqi generals
Iraqi Muslims
Gruffudd ap Cynan

Gruffudd ap Cynan (1054 - 1137) was King of Gwynedd from 1081 until 1137, He three times gained the throne of Gwynedd and then lost it again, before regaining it once more in 1099 and this time keeping power until his death.
1054 births
1137 deaths
Ice core

An ice core is a long piece of ice taken from a glacier. The ice is drilled very deep, so that the ice core goes back to old ice at the bottom of the glacier. Usually, ice cores are taken from Antarctica, Greenland or very high mountains.
Snow falls on ground and accumulates (gets deeper). As more snow falls, the bottom layers get compacted (thinner) because of the weight on top. In the end, only ice remains, and all air goes away. The deeper the ice, the older it is. Ice cores can be dated by looking at the layers: often every season can be seen in the ice core because it forms a layer. At other times it is more difficult to find out how old the ice is. Other methods can be used, like measuring conductivity or making mathematical models.
Scientists study ice cores to find out how the climate was in the past. The ice keeps information like gases, particles, ash from volcanoes. The type of water that forms the ice can be used to calculate the temperature of Earth.
Ice cores help us know what the temperature was on the planet in the past 800 thousand years. We know more about ice ages that happen periodically. This is a helpful addition to our knowledge about global warming.
References
Climate change
Egesheim

Egesheim is a municipality in Tuttlingen in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany.
References
Other websites
Tuttlingen
Stanisław Tym

Stanislaw Tym born 17 July 1937) is a Polish movie director, screenwriter, dramatist and actor. Tym has directed one movie Rys in 2007. He is best known for his role Ryszard Ochodzki in cult polish movie Teddy Bear and two sequels: Controlled Conversations and Rys.
Tym was born in Malkinia Gorna, Poland.
References
Other websites
1937 births
Living people
Polish movie directors
Polish screenwriters
Polish movie actors
Polish playwrights
Minor (law)

In the law, a minor is someone who has not yet reached the age of majority. In many countries, a person becomes an adult at age 18, therefore, a minor is a person who is 17 years old or younger.
"Minor" can also mean a person who is not old enough to do a particular activity, for example, while 18 is the age of majority in the United States, the minimum age to buy alcoholic beverages (such as beer, wine, and liquor) in the United States is 21 so in this context, a minor is a person who is 20 years old or younger.
Legal terms
Childhood
Taejo of Joseon

Taejo of Joseon (4 November 1335 - 27 June 1408) was the first king of the Joseon dynasty. His given name was Yi Seong-gye (). He changed his name to Yi Dan () after he became king. He ruled Korea from 1392 to 1398. He was a general of the Goryeo dynasty before he became king.
References
1335 births
1408 deaths
Kings of Joseon
Korean generals
Clermont-Pouyguillès

Clermont-Pouyguilles is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Related pages
Communes of the Gers department
Communes in Gers
Saskia Bartusiak

Saskia Bartusiak (born 9 September 1982) is a German footballer. She plays as a centre back position for 1. FFC Frankfurt.
Career
Club
Bartusiak began her career at FV 09 Eschersheim. In 1996, she left the club to join FSV Frankfurt where she made her Bundesliga debut. After five years, she transferred to local rivals 1. FFC Frankfurt in 2005. Playing in central defence, Bartusiak has been an important player for FFC Frankfurt's success in the following years. She won two Bundesliga championships and three German Cup titles at the club. In the 2005-06 and 2007-08 season she also won the UEFA Women's Cup with Frankfurt.
International
Bartusiak made her debut in the German national team in a friendly against the Netherlands in April 2007. She was part of Germany's winning team at the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, appearing in one match, the opening game against Argentina. Bartusiak has since been called up for all major tournaments for Germany. She again was a reserve player at the 2008 Summer Olympics, where she won a bronze medal. At the 2009 European Championship, Bartusiak became a regular starter for Germany, winning her first European title. She has been called up for Germany's 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup squad.
She was named captain of the German team on 17 September 2015.
She announced her retirement from the national team in August 2016 after leading Germany to its first Olympic gold medal in women's football.
International goals
Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first:
Source:
Honours
Club
1. FFC Frankfurt
UEFA Women's Cup: Winner 2005-06, 2007-08, 2014-15
Bundesliga: Winner 2006-07, 2007-08
German Cup: Winner 2006-07, 2007-08, 2010-11, 2013-14
International
FIFA World Cup: Winner 2007
UEFA European Football Championship: Winner 2009, 2013
Summer Olympic Games: Bronze medal, 2008, Gold medal, 2016
UEFA U-18 Women's Championship: Winner 2000
Algarve Cup: Winner 2012
Individual
Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2007, 2016
UEFA Women's Championship All-Star Team: 2013
FIFA Women's World Cup All Star Team: 2011
References
Other websites
Official fansite
Profile at DFB
Player German domestic football stats at DFB
1982 births
Living people
Germany women's international footballers
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
German Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Frankfurt
Olympic medalists in football
2011 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Frauen-Bundesliga players
Soapbox

A soapbox is a temporary platform used to give a speech. During the 19th century, soap was transported in wooden boxes. When a person had new or unusual ideas, and wanted to talk to a crowd about them, sometimes he or she would stand on an empty soapbox so that everyone could see and hear the talk well.
People sometimes use the word "soapbox" to mean a place to say new or unusual things.
References
Human communication
Vince McMahon

Vincent Kennedy McMahon, better known as Vince McMahon or Mr. McMahon (born August 24, 1945) is an American businessman, wrestling promoter, professional wrestler, and movie producer. He is the Chairman of the board and main owner of WWE, Inc.. McMahon has been both the ECW World Champion and the WWE Champion.
Forbes estimates his net worth to be around $2 billion.
Career
McMahon started his wrestling career in 1971 as an announcer. He worked for the "World Wide Wrestling Federation" (WWWF) which later changed its name to "World Wrestling Federation" (WWF). The name was changed again to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). The company was originally owned by his father, Vince J. McMahon. McMahon bought the company from his father in 1984. McMahon took the business from a local promotion in the north eastern part of the United States and made it a global company.
McMahon played the role of an evil boss for many years.
Personal life
McMahon married his wife, Linda McMahon, on August 26, 1966 in New Bern, North Carolina. They have two children: Shane and Stephanie. In 2016, President-elect of the United States nominated McMahon's wife Linda as Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
References
Other websites
WWE Corporate Bio
1945 births
Businesspeople from North Carolina
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional Wrestling broadcasters
Sportspeople from North Carolina
WWE people
Chevy Chase (town), Maryland

Chevy Chase is a town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States.
Towns in Montgomery County, Maryland
Relja Bašić

Relja Basic (14 February 1930 - 7 April 2017) was a Croatian actor and politician. He was one of the most well known Croatian actors with a career which lasted for more than half a century. He was best remembered role is Mr. Fulir in 1970 cult musical comedy Tko pjeva zlo ne misli.
Basic was born on 14 February 1930 in Zagreb, at the time of Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He was born to a Jewish mother Elly (nee Lerch) Basic.
During 1992 parliamentary elections he appeared as that party's candidate in one of Zagreb constituencies.
In 1995, President Tudman awarded him with the Order of Danica Hrvatska. Basic also acted as a UNESCO Artist for Peace.
Basic suffered from a femur fracture years before his death. Basic died on 7 April 2017 in Zagreb, Croatia, aged 87.
References
Other websites
Basic's best remembered role is Mr. Fulir in 1970 cult musical comedy Tko pjeva zlo ne misli (One Song a Day Takes Mischief Away)
1930 births
2017 deaths
Politicians from Zagreb
Actors from Zagreb
Croatian movie actors
Garfield, Minnesota

Garfield is a city in Douglas County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Al-Fatiha Foundation

The Al-Fatiha Foundation is an organization which advances the cause of gay, lesbian, and transgender Muslims. It was founded in 1997 by Faisal Alam, a Pakistani American, and is registered as a nonprofit organization in the United States. Imam Daayiee Abdullah is also a board member of the Al-Fatiha Foundation.
History
The organization grew out of an internet listserve that brought together many gay, lesbian, and questioning Muslims from 25 countries, and by 1998 had developed numerous in-person chapters. Al-Fatiha has 14 chapters in the United States, as well as offices in England, Canada, Spain, Turkey, and South Africa.
The name means "the Opening" and is shared with Al-Fatiha or the first surah of the Qur'an. In the beginning of that surah, Allah is described as compassionate and merciful; the organization's founders believe that these attributes characterize Islam, rather than hatred and homophobia.
Each year, Al-Fatiha hosts an international membership retreat and conference. Early conferences took place in Boston, New York, and London in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and focused on issues such as the reconciliation of religion and sexual orientation.
References
1997 establishments in the United States
Islamic organizations based in the United States
LGBT in the United States
LGBT rights
Communist Party of Byelorussia

The Communist Party of Byelorussia (CPB; ; ) was the ruling communist party of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, a republic of the Soviet Union from 1922, that existed from 1917 to 1993.
The party was founded in 1917 as the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia following the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was part of the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks) led by Vladimir Lenin on December 30-31, 1918 with 17,800 members.
It was important in creating the Byelorussian Soviet Republic in January 1919. It was renamed to the Communist Party of Byelorussia in 1952.
References
Communist parties in Europe
Klingnau

Klingnau is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Cities in Switzerland
Tamara Tchinarova

Tamara Tchinarova Finch (also tr. Chinarova; born Tamara Rekemchuk, July 18, 1919 - August 31, 2017) was a Romanian ballet dancer and writer. She was born in Cetatea Alba, Kingdom of Romania.
During the 1940s, Tchinarova worked significantly to the development of Australian dance companies, including the Kirsova Ballet and the Borovansky Ballet. After retiring from dancing, she worked as a Russian/English interpreter for touring ballet companies, including the Australian Ballet, and as a dance writer.
Tchinarova was married to Australian actor Peter Finch from 1943 until they divorced in 1959.
Tchinarova died on August 31, 2017 at her home in Malaga, Spain of pneumonia at the age of 98.
References
1919 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Spain
Romanian writers
Ballet dancers
Jeff Robinson (starting pitcher)

Jeffrey Mark Robinson (December 14, 1961 - October 26, 2014) was an American professional baseball player. He played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1987 to 1992. Robinson pitched for the Baltimore Orioles, Pittsburgh Pirates, Texas Rangers and Detroit Tigers.
Robinson died in Overland Park, Kansas from a short-illness, aged 52.
References
1961 births
2014 deaths
American baseball players
Baltimore Orioles players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Texas Rangers players
Detroit Tigers players
Sportspeople from California
Australian Antarctic Territory

The Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT) is the part of Antarctica claimed by Australia and is the largest part of Antarctica claimed by any nation. The area is about 6.119.818 km2. Only the staff of research stations live in the territory.
History
Victoria Land was first claimed for Britain on 9 January 1841 and Britain claimed Enderby Land in 1930. In 1933, a British imperial order transferred territory south of 60deg S and between meridians 160 E and 45 E to Australia. On 13 February 1954 , Mawson Station was set up. It was the first Australian station on the continent proper.
Australia's claim to sovereignty over the Australian Antarctic Territory is recognised by the United Kingdom, New Zealand, France and Norway . As Australia is part of the Antarctic Treaty System, which accommodates differences of opinions over the status of Antarctic territorial claims which pre-dated the 1959 Antarctic Treaty - effectively placing claims in abeyance - Australia only exercises its sovereignty in ways that in its view are consistent with good relations under the Antarctic Treaty.
Postage stamps
Australia issues postage stamps for the Australian Antarctic Territory. The first issues came in 1957, and sporadically thereafter, settling into a pattern of an annual issue by the 1990s. All have been Antarctic-themed, and all are valid for postage in Australia, so in practice they are just Australian stamps with a different inscription.
Telephone connections
Assigned the country calling code +672, four Antarctic bases operated by Australia can be reached by direct calling from anywhere in the world. The area codes are 10-6 for Davis, 11-7 for Mawson, 12-8 for Casey and 13-9 for Macquarie Island, in each case followed by three additional digits.
Other websites
Australian Antarctic Division
PDF-Map of the AAT
Australian Antarctic Gazetteer
Russian stations
Commonwealth dependent states
States and territories of Australia
Antarctic territorial claims
Postage stamps
Lindsey Graham

Lindsey Olin Graham (born July 9, 1955) is an American politician who serves as the senior United States Senator from South Carolina, serving in office since 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party. He ran for President in 2016.
Early life
Graham was born on July 9, 1955 in Central, South Carolina. his parents were Millie and Florence James "F.J." Graham. He studied at the University of South Carolina.
U.S. senator (2003-present)
In 2002, Graham ran for the U.S. Senate after eight-term Republican incumbent Strom Thurmond announced his retirement. Graham won the primary unopposed and defeated Democratic opponent Alex Sanders in the general election.
Graham was re-elected to a second term in 2008, defeating Bob Conley. He won a third term in 2014, defeating Democrat Brad Hutto and Independent Thomas Ravenel.
Graham is known in the Senate for his support for a strong national defense, his support of the military, and as an advocate of strong United States leadership in world affairs. He is also known for his willingness to be bipartisan and work with Democrats on issues like global warming, tax reform and immigration reform and his belief that judicial nominees should not be opposed solely on their philosophical positions. He is also a critic of the Tea Party movement.
During his political career, Graham never lost an election.
2016 presidential campaign
On May 18, 2015, Graham informally announced his candidacy for President of the United States; he made a formal announcement on June 1 in his hometown of Central, South Carolina. After low polling numbers, Graham withdrew from the race on December 21, 2015. He later announced his support for Jeb Bush for president.
Personal life
Graham has never been married and has no children. He was close friends with the late Arizona senator John McCain.
References
Other websites
United States Senator Lindsey Graham official U.S. Senate site
Lindsey Graham for U.S. Senate official campaign site
Profile at SourceWatch
"Swing Conservative: The perilous bipartisanship of Lindsey Graham." Washington Monthly, April 2005
"The American Ghosts of Abu Ghraib", Sam Provance, Consortium News, March 27, 2007
1955 births
Living people
American Baptists
Lawyers from South Carolina
American colonels
2016 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from South Carolina
United States senators from South Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
South Carolina Republicans
Aranmula

Aranmula is a town in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India.
Demographics
Malayalam is the native language of Aranmula.
Politics
Aranmula is the part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency.
Climate
The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year.
Transportation
The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC).
References
Villages in Pathanamthitta district
Bouddi National Park

The Bouddi National Park is a national park in New South Wales, 44 kilometres northeast of Sydney on the shores of the Pacific Ocean. It is near Broken Bay, the mouth of the Hawkesbury River. Part of this national park also includes the adjacent coastal waters, so that a contiguous habitat on land, on the coast and in the sea is protected. The park also includes Fletchers Glen, one of the last remaining temperate rainforests on the central stretch of the New South Wales coast.
Originally the park was called Bouddi Natural Park. It got its name at the second Park Association meeting in 1936. Other names that were under discussion were Maitland Bay Park, Cape Three Points Reserve, and Gerrinbombi Park . The reason for the choice of the name was the fact that Bouddi was documented as an Aboriginal name for this area, since it appeared in maps from 1828. The park association was formed the year before to administer the park and had members from the NSW Federation of Bushwalking Clubs and the Erina Shire Council.
In 1967 the then 530 hectare park was rededicated as a national park and renamed Bouddi State Park, according to the legislation that had just come into force. Management passed to the NSW National Park and Wildlife Service and shortly thereafter the parks association was transformed into an advisory committee. On the 1st January 1974 the National Park and Wildlife Act dropped the State Park category and the park was renamed Bouddi National Park.
References
Other websites
Bouddi National Park . NSW Environment & Heritage Office
National parks in Australia
IPod

The iPod is a discontinued range of portable music players designed by the company Apple Inc. in California. The iPod comes with computer cables so that the user can put music from their computer onto the iPod, and play music from it using headphones. Newer iPods allow a user to play games, view pictures, watch videos and use the internet, too.
The first iPod was named the iPod Classic. This iPod was released on October 23, 2001. Apple Inc. made the iPod like this until September 9, 2014.
Apple made a smaller iPod called the iPod mini. It was much smaller than the iPod Classic, but did not hold as many songs. It used flash memory, a special kind of memory for very small electronics, instead of a hard drive. It was replaced by a version of the iPod called the iPod nano.
Another type of iPod, called the iPod shuffle, was very small, and it used flash memory, like the iPod mini but it had no screen. It was the least expensive iPod.
The most expensive iPod is called the iPod touch. It has a touch screen, like the iPhone. It's very similar to the IPhone, but it's not a smartphone. The first generation of iPod touch was released on September 5, 2007 and was discontinued on May 10, 2022.
iPods often contain songs downloaded from an online music store, using a program called iTunes. (The name of Apple's music and video store is the iTunes Store.) Songs are sold in AAC file format, not MP3 or WMA. These are popular formats for compressing (making smaller) music until it does not take up much space and can easily be put on a media player such as the iPod.
The App Store is an online shop that is run by Apple Inc. where people can buy software for their iPhone or iPod Touch. It opened on July 11, 2008. Over 2 million applications (or apps for short) are available for people to buy. Some apps are available for free.
Models
Timeline
References
Other websites
Apple iPod--Official website
Apple's 21st century Walkman--Brent Schlender, Fortune, October 2001
iPod Nation--Steven Levy, Newsweek, July 2004
Behind the Music--Ken Aaron, Cornell Engineering, 2005
The Perfect Thing--Steven Levy, Wired, November 2006
IPod
Richard Gleeson

Richard James Gleeson is a cricketer from England. Gleeson plays for the England cricket team. He was born on December 2, 1987.
References
Other websites
1987 births
Living people
English cricketers
Sportspeople from Lancashire
People from Blackpool
No Way Out (2003)

No Way Out was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on February 23, 2003 at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec. It was the 4th No Way Out event. Eight matches were scheduled on the event's card.
Background
Matches
Other websites
The Official No Way Out Website
No Way Out at In Demand.com
2003 in professional wrestling
Sport in Montreal
WWE No Way Out
2003 in Canada
2000s in Montreal
es:WWE No Way Out#2003
Leilani Leeane

Leilani Leeane (born October 1, 1992) is the stage name of an African-American model and pornographic actress.
Awards and nominations
References
Other websites
Leilani Leeanne at the Internet Adult Film Database
Leilani Leeanne at the Adult Film Database
Leilani Leeane on Model Mayhem
1992 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
African American actors
African-American sex industry people
American adult models
American LGBT sex industry people
American pornographic actors
LGBT pornographic actors
Models from California
George Eastman

George Eastman (July 12, 1854 - March 14, 1932) was an American inventor and businessman.
Eastman was born in Waterville, New York. He founded the Eastman Kodak Company and invented roll film. This made photography popular and led to other men inventing film stock. His Kodak company still runs today, but more focused on printers and printing.
Eastman shot himself dead in Rochester, New York.
References
American inventors
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Suicides by firearm in the United States
1854 births
1932 deaths
Electron neutrino

The electron neutrino ( n ) is an elementary particle which has zero electric charge and a spin of 1/2. Together with the electron, it forms the first generation of leptons. It was first guessed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930. It was accounted for missing momentum and missing energy in beta decay. Later it was discovered in 1956 by a team led by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines (see Cowan-Reines neutrino experiment).
Elementary particles
PhpBB

phpBB is a commonly used, free computer software for forums. As the name suggests, phpBB is written in PHP, with the use of one of SQL compatible databases.
References
Other websites
Official website
Software
Free software
Old Japanese

Old Japanese (Shang Dai Ri Ben Yu , Jodai nihongo) is the oldest known form of the Japanese language.
It is difficult to give a precise date when Old Japanese started. The date when the Old Japanese period is said to have finished is 794. It was the start of the Heian period.
The Japanese writing system came from the Chinese. Wooden tablets have been found with writing on. The oldest extended piece of writing we know of dates from 712. This is the start of the Nara period (710-794).
The earliest texts found in Japan are written in classical Chinese. However, some of them show the influences of Japanese grammar (e.g. word order). Sometimes bits of Chinese characters are used to make the sound of the small Japanese words called "particles". This helps us to make some guesses about how it used to be pronounced.
Many changes in the Japanese language took place over the centuries. The spoken form of Japanese changed much more quickly than the written form.
Related pages
Late Old Japanese
References
Notes
Japanese language
Schoppernau

Schoppernau is a municipality in the district Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.
References
Settlements in Vorarlberg
Spring Valley, Illinois

Spring Valley is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
Enterotype

An enterotype is a classification of gut flora. It is based on the ecosystem in the human intestinal system. The classification is done by identifying the bacteria and protists which live there. This is called the "human gut biome".
Research shows there are three distinct ecosystems in the guts of people. People can be classified into one of three groups based on the bacteria in their intestines. The enterotype of each person is set while the person is an infant.
The enterotype affects how well a person can digest food or absorb drugs. Chimpanzees have enterotypes that look similar to human enterotypes.
Type 1 has high levels of Bacteroides. Prevotella are common in Type 2. Type 3 has high levels of Ruminococcus.
References
Microbiology
Son Myung-soon

Son Myung-soon (Hangul:sonmyeongsun, Hanja:Sun Ming Shun ) (also transliterated as Sohn Myung Soon) (born 16 January 1929) is a South Korean socialite. She was the widow of South Korean President Kim Young-sam. She was the first lady when Kim Young-sam was in office, from 1993 to 1998.
References
1929 births
Living people
First Ladies of South Korea
Magdalena Ribbing

Magdalena Ribbing (30 July 1940 - 29 September 2017) was a Swedish writer, journalist, etiquette expert and lecturer. She married radio journalist Thomas Hempel in 1981. She was born in Stockholm, Sweden.
Between 1970 and 2000 Ribbing worked as a political reporter for Dagens Nyheter, and from 1993 until 1999 she was the editor in chief of the Namn & nytt department of the paper. Ribbing was a "Sommarpratare" (Summer Presenter) on the Sveriges Radio show Sommar i P1 twice, on 13 June 1994 and 21 June 2000.
On 29 September 2017, Ribbing died after a fall in her home in Stockholm at the age of 77.
References
1940 births
2017 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Swedish educators
Swedish journalists
Writers from Stockholm
Ronnie Drew

Joseph Ronald "Ronnie" Dunam Drew (16 September, 1934 - 16 August, 2008) was an Irish folk singer and country singer. He was born in Londonderry, Ireland in 1934. Ronnie was best known for his long beard and voice, he was also named the Irish Santa Clause by friends. And Celtic Clause to others.
1934 births
2008 deaths
Irish musicians
Folk singers
Maristes Valldemia

The Maristes Valldemia school (aka: Col*legi Maristes Valldemia, Col*legi Valldemia or Valldemia), is in Mataro, Province of Barcelona - Catalonia (Spain). It is a Catholic school run by Marist Brothers. It is dedicated to Our Lady the Virgin of the Candle. Fundacio Champagnat, Fundacio Privada owns the school.
The school was founded in 1855 by three Piarists related persons: the priest Ermengol Coll de Valldemia, Pelegri Ferrer and Ramon Cuspinera. Its first name was "Colegio de Cataluna", and it was on the land of a traditional Catalan manor named Can Miralpeix. The school's aim was to provide a modern and Christian education. After 1858, the school was known as "" (in Catalan) or "" (in Spanish). In 1888 the school was given to the Marist Brothers to run.
From 2012 the official name is Maristes Valldemia.
The main building was designed by the architect Jeroni Boada, and later improved in 1911 by Josep Goday i Casals (who used to be an student at the school, and founder member of the Alumni Association).
The school received its first international recognition at the Paris Exposition of 1900, a Gold Medal in recognition of quality education. During the convulsive years that marked the Spanish Civil War, Valldemia was converted into a hospital and blood bank.
Today, the school has 1200 students from ages 3 to 18, who are taught by a staff of 90 teachers.
Alumni
Josep Goday i Casals - Architect linked to Noucentisme
Joan Pujol Garcia - WW2 British double agent aka "Garbo"
References
Other websites
Schools
Buildings and structures in Catalonia
Bierne

Bierne is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,801 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
St. Albans, Maine

St. Albans is a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Lamp

A lamp is a device that makes light and heat. Lamps usually work with electricity, using a lightbulb. In the United States, a lamp is usually considered a desk lamp or floor lamp. Other sources of light are called 'lights', such as streetlights, flashlights, and headlights, which in some countries are called streetlamps, torches and headlamps.
Before electric lamps were invented, gas lamps, oil lamps or candles were used.
Related pages
Compact fluorescent lamp
Gas discharge lamp
Lava lamp (mostly used for decoration rather than lighting a room)
References
Furniture
Lamps
Draper, Utah

Draper is a city in Salt Lake and Utah counties in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 census, 51,017 people live in Draper.
References
Cities in Utah
Birman

A Birman cat is a domestic cat breed with long hair and deep blue eyes. It is known for its big brown spot near the face and has white on the rest of the body. Birman cats have been associated with many clubs and organizations.
Relationship
For fellow families or individuals, a birman cat is a perfect match ideal to being an affectionate, loving companion to stay by your side awaiting for their owner to play with them. They can adapt to any environment if their owners are willingly responsible enough to provide them a passionate and loving home.
Diet
Blueberries, bananas, eggs, salmon are good examples to feed your cat Birman, as they can be quite the picky eaters. It is advised to feed your Birman: dental grade cat biscuits, raw chicken bones, cooked fish and chicken. High quality of canned foods can be fed to the cat regularly but you might want to be careful because you need to consist healthy proteins and cooked foods to make sure your Birman's needs have been met.
Health
Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common problem seen in cats, and is a threat to Birman cats too. The Birman breed also has problems with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a disease that causes heart failure and cardiac arrest. Their average lifespan is about 9-15 years.
History
Birman cats are said to have originated in Burma, and there was treated like a sacred cat. A story was made, "Originally, the guardians of the Temple of LaoTsun were yellow-eyed white cats with long hair. The golden goddess of the temple, Tsun-Kyan-Kse, had deep blue eyes. The head priest, Mun-Ha, had as his companion a beautiful cat named Sinh. One day the temple was attacked and Mun-Ha was killed. At the moment of his death, Sinh placed his feet on his master. The cat's white fur took on a golden cast; his eyes turned as blue as the eyes of the goddess, and his face, legs and tail became the color of earth. However, his paws, where they touched the priest, remained white as a symbol of purity. All the other temple cats became similarly colored. Seven days later, Sinh died, taking the soul of Mun-Ha to paradise."
References
Cat breeds
Humboldt Hill, California

Humboldt Hill is a census-designated place (CDP) in Humboldt County, California.
References
Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Humboldt County, California
Gary Gerould

Gary Gerould is a sportscaster currently with the Sacramento Kings and a motorsport pit reporter for ABC and ESPN. He has worked as a pit reporter for NHRA, Indy Racing League, CART/Champ Car, and NASCAR. He also called college football games for ABC. Before working for ABC and ESPN, Gerould worked at NBC Sports covering the 1988 Summer Olympics and called some NFL games for NBC in the 1980s.
People from Midland, Michigan
Living people
Motorsports broadcasters
Olympic Games broadcasters
College football broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
Year of birth missing (living people)
Magda al-Sabahi

Magda al-Sabahi (; 6 May 1931 - 16 January 2020) or Magda, was an Egyptian movie actress. She was known for her roles from 1949 to 1994. She was born in Tanta, Egypt. Her best known role was Jamila in Djamila l'Algerienne (1958).
al-Sabahi died on 16 January 2020 in Cairo at the age of 88.
Movies
El Naseh (1949)
Ayna Omry (1957)
Djamila l'Algerienne (1958)
Hegret El Rasoul (1964)
EL Omr Lahza (1978)
References
1931 births
2020 deaths
Egyptian actors
Marko Orlandić

Marko Orlandic (Serbian Cyrillic: Marko Orlanditsh) (28 September 1930 - 20 December 2019) was a Montenegrin politician active during the 1970s and 1980s. In two terms, 1969-1971 and 1971-1974, he was a member of the Federal Executive Council. He was the Prime Minister from May 1974 to May 1978 and President of Montenegro from May 1983 to May 1984.
From 1979 to 1982, he served as Ambassador of SFRY in Soviet Union (USSR). He was one of the figures who called for Montenegro's independence.
Orlandic died in Podgorica on 20 December 2019 at the age of 89.
References
1930 births
2019 deaths
Presidents of Montenegro
Prime Ministers of Montenegro
Dickson Wamwiri

Dickson Wamwiri Wanjiku (December 24, 1984 - September 6, 2020) was a Kenyan taekwondo practitioner. Wamwiri qualified for the men's 58 kg class at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, after winning the championship title from the African Qualification Tournament in Tripoli, Libya.
Wamwiri died on September 6, 2020 from cardiac arrest in Nairobi at the age of 35.
References
1984 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Kenyan Olympians
Taekwondo practitioners
Amazonas

Amazonas is the name of four places in South American nations:
Amazonas (Brazil), a state in Brazil
Amazonas Department, Colombia
Amazonas Region, Peru
Amazonas (Venezuela), a state in Venezuela
Related pages
Amazon
Anchorite

An anchorite (female: anchoress) from "one who has retired from the world", is someone who, for religious reasons, withdraws from secular society so as to be able to lead an intensely prayer-filled, ascetic life. Anchorites are often considered to be a type of religious hermit, unlike hermits, anchorites had to make a promise to God to stay in one place, which was a very small room, either attached to, or within the wall of, a local church.
The anchoritic life is one of the earliest forms of being a Christian monk. From the 12th to the 16th centuries, female anchorites consistently outnumbered their male equivalents, sometimes by as many as four to one (in the 13th century), dropping eventually to two to one (in the 15th century). The sex of a high number of anchorites, however, is not recorded for these periods.
Notable people
Julian of Norwich
Related pages
Asceticism
Nazirite
Sadhu
References
Other websites
Christian terminology
Christian religious occupations
Deventer

Deventer is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 101,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies both in Salland and IJsselvallei regions, alongside the eastern bank of the IJssel river.
Deventer was founded by Lebuinus around 768. He built a wooden church there.
A Catholic community called the Brethren of the Common Life was founded by priest Geert Groote in this city late 14th century. This community was connected with a Catholic reform movement called the Devotio Moderna, which was largely based on Groote and founded the same time.
Deventer is well known for its cake, the so-called Deventer Koek.
References
Plaatsengids.nl
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Overijssel
Municipalities of Overijssel
IJsselvallei (Overijssel)
Salland