pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bootleg recording

A bootleg recording is an audio or video recording of a performance or song by an artist which was not officially released by the artist. The process of distributing or making such recordings is called bootlegging.
Recordings may be copied and traded between fans of an artist without profit. But some bootleggers have sold recordings for profit. They sometimes add professional-quality sound engineering and/or packaging to the raw material.
Bootlegs are usually made of either unreleased studio recordings, live performances or interviews with a level of quality that can't be predicted.
Bootlegging dates back to the 16th and 17th centuries, around the time of William Shakespeare.
In the early 20th century, movie soundtracks were often bootlegged. One example was a bootleg of Judy Garland. She performed Annie Get Your Gun. That was before Betty Hutton replaced her early in production. It happened after a full soundtrack had been recorded.
Bootlegging increased between the 1960s and 2000s. One of the most praised bootlegs in the 1980s is Prince's studio album The Black Album. In December 1987, Prince ordered the album taken down because of a few advance copies being used to make bootlegs.
The rise in popularity of the video sharing website YouTube caused it to be a major carrier of bootleg recordings. Its owner, Google, believes that under the "safe harbor" rule of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), it cannot be held responsible for content. That allows bootleg media to be hosted on it without any fear of a lawsuit. In 2010 Youtube removed a 15-minute limit on videos. That allowed entire concerts to be uploaded by fans and bootleggers.
References
Property crimes
Copyright
Koko Taylor

Koko Taylor sometimes spelled KoKo Taylor (September 28, 1928 - June 3, 2009) was an American Chicago blues singer, popularly known as the "Queen of the Blues." She was known primarily for her rough, powerful vocals and traditional blues stylings.
Taylor was born on September 28, 1928 in Shelby County, Tennessee. She was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Taylor was married to Robert Taylor until they divorced in 1989. Then she was married to Hays Harris until her death in 2009. She had one daughter. Taylor died on June 3, 2009 in Chicago, Illinois from surgical complications, aged 80.
References
Other websites
Hoekstra, Dave. "Chicago legend and 'Queen of the Blues' Koko Taylor dead at 80," Chicago Sun-Times, Wednesday, June 3, 2009.
Co-host of "Blues you can use", FM radio station WGVE 88.7, Gary, Indiana
Interview with Koko Taylor on Centerstage Chicago (June 2007)
"Queen of the Blues: Koko Taylor Talks About Her Subjects", interview by James Plath, 1994
Wild Women Don't Have the Blues features interviews with Koko Taylor
Koko Taylor - Daily Telegraph obituary
1928 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
American blues musicians
American voice actors
American blues singers
Singers from Tennessee
Musicians from Tennessee
Actors from Tennessee
Singers from Chicago
Musicians from Chicago
Actors from Chicago
Macogny

Macogny is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Intel Core i9 10900K

Intel Core i9 10900K is a processor that was made by Intel. It has 10 cores and 3.7 GHz clock speed, which can be boosted to 5.3 GHz. It has 20 MB cache. It was released in second quarter of 2020.
References
Intel Core processors
Processors released in 2020s
Multi-core processors
Andrew Schally

Andrzej Wiktor Schally (also known as Andrew W. Schally, born November 30, 1926 in Wilno, Poland, now Vilnius, Lithuania) is a Polish-born American endocrinologist. In 1977, He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He is of Jewish descent.
Born in Poland, Andrew Schally received his education in Scotland and England. In 1952, he moved to Canada. He received his doctorate in endocrinology from McGill University in 1957. That same year he left for a research career in the United States where he has worked mainly at Tulane University. A Canadian citizen when he left Canada, Schally became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1962. He was affiliated with the Baylor College of Medicine for some years in Houston, Texas.
He developed a whole new realm of knowledge concerning the brain's control over the body chemistry. His works also addressed birth control methods and growth hormones. He - as well as Roger Guillemin- described the neurohormone GnRH that controls FSH and LH. He was awarded an honorary Doctoral Degree from Jagiellonian University at Krakow.
Books
Nicholas Wade (1981). The Nobel Duel, Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, NY.
References
1926 births
Living people
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Vilnius
Polish Jews
Refugees from Nazism
Academics from Louisiana
American biochemists
American physiologists
Canadian physicians
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
Polish Nobel Prize winners
Polish academics
Polish physicians
Maribyrnong River Viaduct

The Maribyrnong River Viaduct (also known as the Quarter Mile Bridge) is a railway bridge across the Maribyrnong River in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. It is near the E.J. Whitten Bridge, and is almost 400 metres long (hence the quarter mile name). The Albion-Jacana railway line uses the bridge, which is mainly used for freight. It also carries the Melbourne to Sydney CountryLink XPT. It is the second highest bridge in Victoria, only behind the West Gate Bridge (58 metres). At a height of 180 feet (54.86 m) above the water, it is even higher than the Sydney Harbour Bridge (52 metres). The bridge is 1257 feet (383.13 m) long
It was built in 1927-29 by the Victorian Railways Construction Branch, being the largest trestle bridge in Australia when completed in June, 1929. It is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and employed 200 people during construction, with one fatality.
References
City of Moonee Valley Gap Heritage Study
Other websites
Images from the construction of the bridge, 1928
Bridges in Australia
Buildings and structures in Melbourne
Rail transport in Australia
1929 establishments
1920s establishments in Australia
Wards of Japan

In Japan, a ward (Japanese: Qu , Ku) is one of the divisions of a large city.
Related pages
Municipalities in Japan
References
Other websites
; graphic shows wards compared with other Japanese city types at p. 1 [PDF 7 of 40]
Settlements in Japan
Alabama's 4th congressional district

Alabama's 4th congressional district is a congressional district from the state of Alabama which elects a representative for the United States House of Representatives. The district is in the counties of Franklin, Colbert, Marion, Lamar, Fayette, Walker, Winston, Cullman, Lawrence, Marshall, Etowah, and DeKalb. The district has been represented by Republican Robert Aderholt since 1997.
Election history
References
04
Cyprinus carpio

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish. It is also known as the Eurasian carp or just carp. You can find them in North America. In the USA, these cyprinids live in freshwater lakes.
Other names for common carp are freshwater carp, lake carp, Carpio lakefish, common cyprinus, common cyprinid, river carp, or the North American freshwater carp.
Cypriniformes
Freshwater fish
National symbols of Japan
Haribo

Haribo is a German candy company founded in 1920 by Johannes "Hans" Riegel Sr. It started in Kessenich, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia. The name is an acronym formed from Hans Riegel, Bonn. This is the name of the founder and the place he founded the company. Haribo created the first gummy candy in 1922 in the form of little gummy bears called Gummibarchen. The current headquarters is in Grafschaft, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Haribo's slogan in German is "Haribo macht Kinder froh - und Erwachsene ebenso" ("Haribo makes children happy - and adults as well").
Other websites
References
1920s establishments in Germany
1920 establishments in Europe
Food companies of Germany
Candy
Bonn
Rhineland-Palatinate
Scripture

Scripture means writing in Latin. The word is mostly used to refer to the Bible or books that are considered sacred to a certain religion, like the Qur'an or Hindu scripture.
Other websites
Daily Scripture
Jaya

Jaya, a stunning name with origins in Sanskrit, is widely used in India and other regions of the globe as a unisex name. The term "Jaya" is derived from the Sanskrit word "jay," which signifies triumph or accomplishment.The pronunciation of the name is / ('dZa:j@) /. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
People
Jaya samhita which was composed by Narada and Vyasa of 8800 shlokas.
Jaya-Vijaya, the door keepers of Vaikuntha, the realm of the god Vishnu in Hindu mythology.
Jaya, an island in Oda Eiichiro's manga and anime series One Piece
Jaya (insect), a genus of antlions
Jaya Prakash Reddy, Indian actor
References
Given names
Brian Pimental

Brian Pimental (born in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American veteran animator, storyboard artist, movie director and screenwriter. He's best known for directing the 2006 classic Bambi II.
Brian started his career at Walt Disney Animation Studios as a trainee in Oliver & Company. He became a story artist in Beauty and the Beast and Aladdin. Then, he became one of the screenwriters for A Goofy Movie. He got his first ASIFA award nomination. His second nomination was for Tarzan.
Pimental first time directing was on Bambi II. He won the ASIFA award for best non-theatrical movie. In the movie, he also made the voices for the Groundhog and Porcupine. Bambi II received mixed to positive reviews. It has a rating of 60% in Rotten Tomatoes and an overall rating of 6.5 out of 10 in IMDb.
Brian was born in Massachusetts. He earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree at the California Institute of the Arts.
References
Other websites
American animators
Living people
1960 births
People from Massachusetts
Kingdom of Essex

The Kingdom of the East Saxons (), was also called the Kingdom of Essex. It was one of the seven kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. Essex was founded in the 6th century. The kingdom of Essex covered the area of the modern English counties of Essex, Hertfordshire, Middlesex and (for a short while) Kent. Kings of Essex frequently found themselves under the control of other Anglo-Saxon overlords. The territory of the East Saxons included the two Roman provincial capitals of Colchester and, for a time, London. In the Tribal Hidage the East Saxons were listed at 7,000 hides.
History
When they arrived in England the Saxons, like the Angles, Jutes and Frisians, were Pagans. After the Saxons gained control of Kent they set themselves up in the territory of Essex. The first attempts to convert the East Saxons to Christianity came in 604 with the arrival of Bishop (later Saint) Mellitus in London. Athelberht (King of Kent was the overlord of southern England and helped in the conversion of King Saebert of Essex. Athelberht built and endowed St. Pauls in London, where St. Paul's Cathedral now stands. After the death of Saebert in 616, Mellitus was driven out and the kingdom reverted to paganism. King Oswi of Northumbria convinced King Sigebert of Essex to become Christian. Sigebert then invited Chad to become Bishop of London. By 874 the Great Heathen Army held much of Essex. They established bases from which they attacked other parts of England. In 825 the kingdom of the East Saxons became part of Wessex.
Kings of Essex
Aescwine (legendary king)
Sledda (legendary king)
Saebert (-) - Son of Sledda, nephew of Athelbert of Kent
Sexred (-623) - Son of Saebert, ruled jointly with his two brothers Saeward and Sexbald.
Saeward (-623)
Sexbald (-623)
Sigebert I (623-) - Probable son of Saeward
Sigebert II (-) - Possible cousin of Sigebert I
Swithelm (-663)
Sigehere (ruled Essex 663-688; Kent 687-688)
Sebbi (663-693)
Sigeheard (693-) - Son of Sebbi
Swaefred (689-) - Son of Sebbi
Offa (707-709) - Son of Sigehere
Saelred (-746) Co-king
Swebert (709-738) Co-king
Swithred (746-759)
Sigeric (759-798)
Sigered (798-825) last king of Essex; reduced in rank after 811 to an ealdorman.
Notes
References
Other websites
Kingdom of Essex
6th-century establishments in England
9th-century disestablishments in Europe
825 disestablishments
Anglo-Saxons
Disestablishments in England
Former monarchies of Europe
History of England
Bonner Springs, Kansas

Bonner Springs is a city in Wyandotte, Leavenworth, and Johnson counties, Kansas, United States. It is part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. In 2010, 7,314 people lived there. In 2016, the estimated amount of people was 7,665. Bonner Springs became a city on November 10, 1898.
Geography
Bonner Springs is at (39.0597260, -94.8835754), mostly north of the Kansas River. It is mainly in southwestern Wyandotte County. There are small parts of the city going west into Leavenworth County and south across the Kansas River into Johnson County. It is bordered to the north by Kansas City, Kansas, to the east by Edwardsville, and to the south across the Kansas River by Shawnee. Interstate 70, goes through the northern part of the city. I-70 goes east to Kansas City, Missouri, and west to Lawrence. US-73 goes north to Leavenworth, and K-7 goes south to Olathe. K-32 goes through the center of Bonner Springs close to the Kansas River. It goes east into Edwardsville and west to Linwood.
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, are land and , or 2.26%, are water.
Climate
Bonner Springs has a humid continental climate. They have hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 7,314 people, 2,810 households, and 1,917 families living in Bonner Springs.
Related pages
Great Flood of 1951
References
Other websites
City
City of Bonner Springs official website
Bonner Springs - Directory of Public Officials
Bonner Springs / Edwardsville Area Chamber of Commerce
Schools
USD 204, local school district
Maps
Bonner Springs City Map , BonnerSprings.org
Bonner Springs City Map, KDOT
Cities in Johnson County, Kansas
Cities in Leavenworth County, Kansas
Toru Yoshikawa

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Yoshikawa was born in Mie Prefecture on December 13, 1961. After graduating from Yokkaichi Chuo Technical High School, he joined Hitachi in 1980. In 1992, he moved to Kyoto Shiko Club (later Kyoto Purple Sanga). In 1995, he moved to Kyoiku Kenkyusya (later FC Kyoken). He retired in 2000.
On February 12, 1983, Yoshikawa debuted for the Japan national team against Syria.
Statistics
|-
|1983||1||0
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!Total||1||0
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References
Other websites
1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Mie Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Kyoto Sanga FC players
The Ghost of War

The Ghost of War () is a 1988 Nicaraguan drama movie directed by Ramiro Lacayo-Deshon and starring Elmer Macfield, Alenka Diaz, Manuel Poveda, Pilar Aguirre, Carlos Aleman Ocampo.
Other websites
1988 drama movies
Nicaraguan movies
Cuban movies
Mexican drama movies
Spanish drama movies
Denny Tamaki

Denny Tamaki (Yu Cheng deni, Tamaki Deni, born October 13, 1959) is the governor of Okinawa Prefecture.
Early life
He was born in the town of Uruma on Okinawa Island. He was born to a Chinese-American military father, whom Tamaki never saw, and an Okinawan mother.
Politics
He became governor in 2018 when he defeated Atsushi Sakima. Tamaki's campaign is mainly about the Futenma base relocation, which is something he's against. He has also criticized US military bases when there were coronavirus outbreaks in them.
References
1959 births
Ryukyuan people
People from Okinawa Prefecture
Japanese politicians
Living people
Household ammonia

Household ammonia is a marketed substance that consists of a dilute solution of ammonia in water. About 7% of the solution by weight is ammonia. It is used for cleaning. It can also be known as ammonium hydroxide, but it really exists in the form NH3 + H2O rather than NH4+ + OH-.
Related pages
Ammonium
Ammonia
Housecleaning
Cleaning tools
Nitrogen compounds
John Lyons (poet)

John Lyons (born October 1933) is a Trinidad-born poet, painter, illustrator, educator and curator. He has worked as a theatre designer, exhibition adviser and as a teacher both of visual art and creative writing.
As an art critic, he has written essays for catalogues, notably for Denzil Forrester's major touring exhibition Dub Transition, for Jouvert Print Exhibition and Tony Phillips' Jazz and The Twentieth Century. His works are held at Rochdale Art Gallery, Huddersfield Art Gallery, the Victoria and Albert Museum's Word & Image Print Collection and the Arts Council National Collection.
References
1933 births
Living people
Poets
Painters
Illustrators
Educators
Historians
People from Port of Spain
Volksmarine

The Volksmarine () was the navy of East Germany. It was a part of the National People's Army, established in 1956.
Navy
1956 establishments in Europe
German military organizations
Talagang Tehsil

Talagang District is a newly created District. It is separated from District Chakwal on 14 October 2022. The District, which is headquartered at the city of Talagang, is administratively subdivided into Two Tehsils (Talagang and Laws) 23 Union Councils. Talagang District is one of the smallest District in Punjab as it contains 102 villages. Some of the villages near Talagang town are Cheenji, Qaderpur Adhlaka, Jhatla, Lawa, Dhurnal, Pachnand, Mogla, Malakwal, Tamman, Akwal, Chowkhandi, Dhook Goria, Perha Fathial, and Dhook Kund.Qaderpur is very famous and people from all over the Punjab visit the shrine of Baba Shah and Amma Bb
References
Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)
The Nightmare Before Christmas

The Nightmare Before Christmas is a 1993 stop-motion animated dark fantasy movie directed by Henry Selick and produced/co-written by Tim Burton. It is a 31st movie. It tells the story of Jack Skellington, a skeleton from "Halloween Town" who opens a portal to "Christmas Town".This new town makes Jack realize he wants to do something different than Halloween every year. Jack tries Christmas out but soon realizes that Christmas may not be for him. Danny Elfman wrote the music to the movie and provided the singing voice of Jack, as well as other characters. Other voices in the movie include Chris Sarandon, Catherine O'Hara, William Hickey, Ken Page and Glen Shadix.
Cast
Chris Sarandon as Jack Skellington
Danny Elfman as Jack Skellington (singing voice) / Barrel / Clown with the Tearaway Face
Catherine O'Hara as Sally / Shock
William Hickey as Doctor Finkelstein
Glenn Shadix as Mayor of Halloweentown
Paul Reubens as Lock
Ken Page as Oogie Boogie
Ed Ivory as Santa Claus
References
Other websites
The Nightmare Before Christmas at The Tim Burton Collective
1993 movies
2000s 3D movies
American family movies
Disney animated movies
1990s American musical movies
Christmas movies
Movies composed by Danny Elfman
The Nightmare Before Christmas
3D re-releases
The Survivors (movie)

The Survivors is a 1983 American comedy movie directed by Michael Ritchie and starring Walter Matthau, Robin Williams, Jerry Reed, Kristen Vigard, John Goodman, Annie McEnroe, James Wainwright. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Other websites
1983 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Michael Ritchie
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in Vermont
Columbia Pictures movies
Dimitri Payet

Dimitri Payet (born 29 March 1987) is a Reunion-born French footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Ligue 1 club Olympique de Marseille and the France national team.
Career statistics
Club
As of match played 4 October 2020
International
International goals
As of match played 11 November 2016. France score listed first, score column indicates score after each Payet goal.
Honours
Club
AS Excelsior
Coupe de la Reunion: 2004, 2005
Marseille
UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2017-18
Individual
Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2012-13, 2014-15
Marseille Player of the Season: 2014-15
PFA Team of the Year: 2015-16 Premier League
London Player of the Year: 2015-16 Premier League
West Ham United Hammer of the Year: 2015-16
UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2016
FIFA FIFPro World XI 5th team: 2016
UEFA Europa League Top Assists: 2017-18
UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season: 2017-18
References
1987 births
Living people
French footballers
Association football midfielders
West Ham United F.C. players
Premier League players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Ryakuō

was a of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-cho period after Kemmu and before Koei. The period started in August 1338 and ended in April 1342. The pretender in Kyoto was . Komyo's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was .
Events of the Ryakuo era
28 August 1338 (Ryakuo 1, 13th day of the 7th month): Ashikaga forces burned Daikaku-ji.<ref>Richie, Donald. (1995). [https://books.google.com/books?id=spx_ZljTPn4C&dq=daikakuji&pg=PA62 Daikaku-ji,"] The Temples of Kyoto, p. 62.</ref>
19 September 1339 (Ryakuo 3, 16th day of the 8th month): Emperor Go-Daigo died.
1340 (Ryakuo 3''): Sightings of a "broom star" (comet) are recorded.
Southern Court nengo
Engen, 1336-1340
Kokoku, 1340-1346
Related pages
Muromachi period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
1338 establishments
1330s establishments in Japan
1342 disestablishments
1340s disestablishments in Japan
Geldermalsen

Geldermalsen is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Gelderland. Since 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of West Betuwe.
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in Gelderland
Former municipalities of Gelderland
West Betuwe
Sailly-sur-la-Lys

Sailly-sur-la-Lys is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
America's Next Top Model

America's Next Top Model is a reality television series created and hosted by supermodel Tyra Banks. It began in 2003 on UPN. It moved to The CW for its seventh cycle in 2006 when it replaced UPN. After 22 cycles, the show has been canceled with the last episode is going to be aired on December 4, 2015
Overview
A group of contestants are chosen to live together in the Top Model House and compete to become America's Next Top Model. Each week, one girl is asked to leave (called 'elimination') because she does not have the standard and ability to become a top model. The elimination is based on a photoshoot or a commercial and the reward challenge is different every week. The last few girls travel to another country (France, Italy, Japan, China, Thailand etc.) to continue the competition. Near the end, they will do a CoverGirl commercial. Then, the last girls appear in a final runway show against each other. The winner is then chosen by the group of judges that includes Tyra Banks and others.
Judges
Current Judges:
Tyra Banks - main judge, supermodel (Cycle 1 - 22)
Kelly Cutrone - PR maven (Cycle 18 - 22)
J. Alexander (Miss Jay) - male runway coach (Cycle 5 - 13, 21 - 22)
Previous Judges:
Kimora Lee Simmons - fashion company owner (Cycle 1)
Beau Quillian - fashion editor for Marie Claire (Cycle 1)
Janice Dickinson - (Cycle 1 - 4)
Eric Nicholson - fashion editor for Jane (Cycle 2)
Nigel Barker - a fashion photographer (Cycle 2 - 18)
Nole Marin - make-up artist (Cycle 3 - 4)
Twiggy - supermodel (Cycle 5 - 9)
Paulina Porizkova - top model ( Cycle 10 - 12)
Andre Leon Talley - fashion editor (cycle 14 - 17)
Rob Evans - male supermodel (Cycle 19 - 20)
Johnny Wujek - photoshoot creative director (Cycle 19 - 20)
Cycles
Spin-Offs
This show has many spin offs, some of them aren't produced anymore. Here are the most important:
Britain's and Ireland's Next Top Model
Australia's Next Top Model
Germany's Next Top Model
References
2003 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Occupational Safety and Health Administration

The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. It was created by Congress under the Occupational Safety and Health Act and was signed by President Richard M. Nixon, on December 29, 1970. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths by making and enforcing rules (called standards) for workplace safety and health. As of March 2006, the agency is headed by Assistant Secretary of Labor Edwin Foulke.
Related pages
Occupational Safety and Health
References and suggested reading
American National Standards Institute (1996); "Workshop on International Standardization of Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems: Is there a Need?" Workshop proceedings. Rosemont, Illinois, May 7-8, 1996.
American National Standards Institute (2005): "American National Standard - Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems." Draft document.
Adams, E. (1976) "Accident Causation and the Management System" in Professional Safety, October, pp 26-29.
Anton, T. (1979) Occupational Safety and Health Management, McGraw Hill, New York.
Other websites
OSHA website and public contact website.
Full text of the OSH Act
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
OSHA Office of Education and Training
Current 29 CFR Books in Digital Format
United States government agencies
United States Department of Labor
Medical and health organizations in the United States
1970 establishments in the United States
Jackie Healy-Rae

Jackie Healy-Rae (9 March 1931 - 5 December 2014) was an Irish politician. He served as an Independent Teachta Dala (TD) for the Kerry South constituency from 1997 to 2011.
Healy-Rae was born in County Kerry, Irish Free State. He died on 5 December 2014 at Kerry General Hospital in Tralee, County Kerry after a long illness, aged 83.
References
1931 births
2014 deaths
Irish politicians
People from the Republic of Ireland
Man'en

was a after Ansei and before Bunkyu. This period started in March 1860 and ended in February 1861. During this time, the emperor was .
The nengo Tenpo means "Ten Thousand Years Prolonged"
Events of the Man'en era
1860 (Man'en 1): First Western professional photographer to live in Japan was Orrin Freeman in Yokohama.
1860 (Man'en 1): First diplomatic mission from modern Japan to the United States.
Related pages
Edo period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" Link to historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
1860 establishments in Asia
1860s establishments in Japan
1861 disestablishments
1860s disestablishments in Japan
Synthetic fuel

A synthetic fuel (or synfuel) is a fuel in liquid or gas form that can be manufactured. Synfuels have long been made from coal. Oil extracted from shale or tar sands is also sometimes called synfuel. Fuels can also be made from non-food crops.
Tar sands are a combination of sand and a thick oil called bitumen. This, along with oil shale, which is a layer of rock riddled with hydrocarbons in the form of kerogen, can be heated with steam to remove the crude oil in the two substances. Like oil, it must be refined before being put to use.
Related pages
Biofuel
Fuel
Geology
Saint-Jean-de-Blaignac

Saint-Jean-de-Blaignac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Long Division

Long Division may refer to:
Long division, a method of dividing two numbers using multiplication and subtraction.
Long Division (Low album), 1995
Long Division (Rustic Overtones album), 1995
Fairfield County, Connecticut

Fairfield County is located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. State of Connecticut. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 957,419. The county has a total area of 2,168 km2 (837 mi2). 1,621 km2 (626 mi2) of it is land and 547 km2 (211 mi2) of it is water. The total area is 25.23% water.
Cities and Towns
Bethel
Bridgeport
Brookfield
Danbury
Darien
Easton
Fairfield
Georgetown
Greenwich
Monroe
New Canaan
New Fairfield
Newtown
Norwalk
Redding
Ridgefield
Shelton
Sherman
Stamford
Stratford
Trumbull
Weston
Westport
Wilton
References
Connecticut counties
1666 establishments in Connecticut
NHK Symphony Orchestra

Nippon Hoso Kyokai
The NHK Symphony Orchestra is a Japanese orchestra based in Tokyo, Japan. In Japanese it is written: NHKJiao Xiang Le Tuan , pronounced: Enueichikei Kokyo Gakudan. When the orchestra was started in 1926 it was called New Symphony Orchestra. It was the first large professional orchestra in Japan. Later, it changed its name to Japan Symphony Orchestra. In 1951 it started to get money from the Japanese radio station NHK (Nippon Hoso Kyokai), so it changed its name again to the name it has now. It is thought of as the best orchestra in Japan. They have played in many parts of the world, including at the BBC Proms in London.
Vladimir Ashkenazy is the orchestra's main conductor (music director) and Charles Dutoit is music director emeritus. Wolfgang Sawallisch is honorary conductor laureate.
Permanent Conductors, Music Directors and Principal Guest Conductors
Josef Konig (April 1927-April 1929)
Hidemaro Konoye (January 1926-February 1935)
Nicolai Schifferblatt (July 1929-July 1936)
Joseph Rosenstock (August 1936-September 1946 full-time conductor; March 1956-March 1957 Principal Conductor)
Hisatada Otaka (April 1942-February 1951 full-time conductor)
Kazuo Yamada (April 1942-July 1951 full-time conductor)
Shin'ichi Takata (April 1944-May 1951 full-time conductor)
Kurt Woss (September 1951-August 1954 Principal Conductor)
Niklaus Aeschbacher (August 1954-March 1956 Principal Conductor)
Wilhelm Loibner (March 1957-February 1959 Principal Conductor)
Wilhelm Schuchter (February 1959-March 1962 Principal Conductor)
Alexander Rumpf (August 1964-July 1965 Principal Conductor)
Hiroyuki Iwaki (February 1969-June 2006 Permanent Conductor)
Yuzo Toyama (February 1979- Permanent Conductor)
Tadashi Mori (February 1979-May 1987 Permanent Conductor)
Hiroshi Wakasugi (April 1995-July 2009 Permanent Conductor)
Charles Dutoit (September 1996-August 1998 Principal Conductor; September 1998-August 2003 Music Director)
Vladimir Ashkenazy (September 2004-August 2007 Music Director)
Andre Previn, KBE (September 2009- Principal Guest Conductor)
Tadaaki Otaka, CBE (January 2010- Permanent Conductor)
Honorary Conductors
Vladimir Ashkenazy (September 2007- Conductor Laureate)
Charles Dutoit (September 2003- Music Director Emeritus)
Herbert Blomstedt (January 1986-)
Horst Stein (March 1975-)
Otmar Suitner (January 1973-)
Wolfgang Sawallisch (January 1967-October 1994; November 1994- Honorary Conductor Laureate)
Lovro von Matacic (January 1967-January 1985)
Joseph Keilberth (January 1967-July 1968)
Joseph Rosenstock (August 1951-October 1985)
Other websites
Official Web site
Orchestras
Communes of the Landes department

The following is a list of the 331 communes of the Landes departement, in France.
(CAM) Communaute d'agglomeration du Marsan, created in 2002.
Landes
Internet Relay Chat

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a chat system on the Internet. People from around the world can use it to have conversations together. It can also be used for two people to chat privately.
The IRC chat rooms are also called IRC channels. These channels are on IRC servers, which you can connect to by finding that server's information. This information will often begin with "irc," then a period, the name of the server, then another period, and finally, .com .org or .net. An example would be 'irc.[Servername].org'
There are small IRC servers (for example, OperaNet) to medium IRC servers (freenode and DalNet, which have about 30,000 users) and big IRC servers (for example, EFNet, UnderNet, which have over 100,000 users).
Users of IRC need an IRC client. An IRC client is a computer program that works with IRC. There are many clients. Some of these clients run in the web browser. Other clients run as an application. Popular stand-alone clients include mIRC for Microsoft Windows, and XChat for Linux and Microsoft Windows. The Opera web browser has an IRC client built into the browser. ChatZilla is a chat client which is a plugin to Mozilla Firefox.
An IRC bot is a computer program that helps control and protect channels.
The name of an IRC channel usually begins with a hash (#).
Technical information
IRC is an open protocol that uses TCP and optionally TLS. An IRC server can connect to other IRC servers to expand the IRC network. Users access IRC networks by connecting a client to a server. There are many client and server programs. Most IRC servers do not require users to log in, but a user will have to set a nickname before being connected.
IRC was originally a plain text protocol (although later extended), which on request was assigned network port 194/TCP by IANA. However, most servers now run IRC on 6667/TCP and nearby port numbers (for example TCP ports 6112-6119) so that the server does not have to be run with root privileges.
IRC clients
This is a list of some programs which allow users to connect to IRC.
AmIRC
Bersirc
BitchX
BnIRC
ChatZilla
Colloquy
Coolsmile
EPIC
FlowChat
HexChat
HydraIRC
IceChat
Irssi
Jmirc
Konversation
KVIrc
Mibbit
mIRC
Pjirc
SeaMonkey
TinyIRC
XChat
Quassel
Weechat
Related pages
Internet Relay Chat commands
IRC bot
Internet Relay Chat operator
References
Other websites
IRC.org - Technical and Historical IRC6 information; articles on the history of IRC.
RFC 1459 - Technical Information about the IRC Protocol.
Internet communication
Anna Mercatelli

Anna Mercatelli (born early 20th-century) was an Italian track an field athlete from Rome. She competed mainly in high jump and sprint events. She was a member of Associazione Sportiva Roma and the Italian national team.
As a member of the Italian National Team she represented Italy at international tournaments, including at the 1930 Women's World Games. Here she was selected to compete in the 60 metres event and high jump events. She was in both events not able to reach the final. Later the year, at the 1930 Italian Athletics Championships she won the silver medal in the high jump behind Ondina Valla.
References
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Sportspeople from Rome
20th-century births
High jumpers
Italian sprinters
Mouliets-et-Villemartin

Mouliets-et-Villemartin is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Fontanezier

Fontanezier was a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the municipalities of Fontanezier, Romairon, Vaugondry and Villars-Burquin joined together to become the new municipality of Tevenon.
References
2011 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi

Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi is a political party in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The party's vote base is mainly concentrated in the Kongu Nadu region of Tamil Nadu. It was a splinter party of Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam.On 21 March 2013, E. R. Eswaran launched new Party Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi, he also became the General Secretary of new party. He contested the May 2009 Loksabha elections as a Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in the Coimbatore constituency and came third, securing more than one lakh votes. He also came third in the 2009 by election for Thondamuthur Assembly Constituency.
Reference
Political parties in Tamil Nadu
Épineau-les-Voves

Epineau-les-Voves is a commune that is in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Platinum

Platinum is a soft, heavy, white metal. It is a precious metal. It usually costs more than gold.
In chemistry, platinum is element number 78, and its atoms have an atomic weight of 195 a.m.u.. The symbol for platinum is Pt, from Spanish platina meaning "little silver".
Platinum is very malleable and ductile, which means it can be hammered into thin sheets and it can be pulled into wire. Platinum is very stable. Acids do not affect platinum.
The most common use of Platinum is in a vehicle's catalytic converter.
Transition metals
Dick Helling

Dick Helling (22 September 1950 - 30 December 2018) was a Dutch professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He was born in Zaandam, Netherlands. Helling began his career with Telstar, and also played for Ajax, before spending 8 seasons with Volendam, for whom he scored 48 goals in 218 games in all competitions.
Helling died on 30 December 2018 from a stroke in The Hague, aged 68.
References
1950 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Dutch footballers
People from Zaanstad
Sportspeople from North Holland
Akershus

Akershus is a former county in Norway. It was bordered by Hedmark, Oppland, Buskerud, Oslo and Ostfold; the area has a short border with Sweden. Akershus was the second largest county in population after Oslo. It has more than half a million people living in it. The county was named after Akershus Fortress. The county administration was in Oslo, which was not part of the county.
On 1 January 2020 the county merged with Buskerud and Ostfold to the current county of Viken.
Geography
Most of the county is in the districts Follo and Romerike. There are also the two smaller districts of Asker and Baerum which are west of Oslo. This happened when the municipality of Aker (surrounding Oslo) was moved from Akershus county to Oslo in 1948.
Akershus includes some of the lake Mjosa and some of the river Glomma. Because it includes many suburbs of Oslo, notably Baerum, Akershus has a large number of people living in a small area. The main national railway lines into Oslo run through Akershus with many stations such as Asker, Ullensaker, Ski and Lillestrom.
The county includes the historical place Eidsvoll, 48 km north of Oslo. This is where the National assembly voted the Norwegian constitution in 1814. South of Eidsvoll is the international airport of Oslo Airport at Gardermoen. The home of the crown prince is in Asker.
Buildings
The county has a major international airport, the Oslo Airport. It also has two university hospitals, Akershus University Hospital and Sunnaas Hospital.
History
Akershus became a fief in the 16th century. At that time it included the current counties of Hedmark, Oppland, Buskerud and Oslo. It also included municipalities of Askim, Eidsberg and Trogstad in the county of Ostfold. In 1685 Buskerud was separated from Akershus. In 1768 Hedmark and Oppland were also separated from Akershus. In 1842 Christiania (Oslo) was made separate as well. In 1948 Aker was transferred to the county of Oslo.
Origin
The county is named after Akershus Fortress. The fortress was built in 1299. Its name means "the (fortified) house of (the district) Aker".
Municipalities
Asker
Aurskog-Holand
Baerum
Eidsvoll
Enebakk
Fet
Frogn
Gjerdrum
Hurdal
Lorenskog
Nannestad
Nes
Nesodden
Nittedal
Oppegard
Raelingen
Skedsmo
Ski
Sorum
Ullensaker
Vestby
As
Other websites
Akershus county website
Former counties of Norway
NGC 740

NGC 740 is a barred spiral galaxy in the Triangulum constellation. It is about 212 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Barred spiral galaxies
Hypobromite

Hypobromite is an ion. Its chemical formula is BrO-. It contains bromine in its +1 oxidation state. It is an oxidizing agent. It is similar to hypochlorite. Hypobromites are the salts of hypobromous acid. Hypobromite is a disinfectant. Some white blood cells oxidize bromide to hypobromite with peroxide and use the hypobromite to kill germs. Bromides can be added to pools along with chlorine to make hypobromite, which disinfects the pools.
Hypobromites are made by dissolving bromine in a basic solution. Hypobromite disproportionates to bromate and bromide when heated.
Related pages
Bromite
Perbromate
Bromine compounds
Ions
Ordinary People (2009 movie)

Ordinary People is a 2009 French Serbian Dutch Swiss war drama movie directed by Vladimir Perisic and starring Relja Popovic, Boris Isakovic, Miroslav Stevanovic, Miroslav Isakovic.
Other websites
2009 drama movies
2000s war movies
French drama movies
Serbian movies
Dutch drama movies
Swiss movies
Afwaah

Afwaah is a hindi thriller movie, written and directed by Sudhir Mishra. It stars Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Bhumi Pednekar and Taapsee Pannu in lead roles, along with Sharib Hashmi, Sumit Kaul,Sumeet Vyas, Carl Zohan in supporting roles.
Cast
Nawazuddin Siddiqui
Bhumi Pednekar
Taapsee Pannu
Sharib Hashmi
Sumit Kaul
Sumeet Vyas
Carl Zohan
References
Other websites
Stabat mater

Stabat Mater Dolorosa, often referred to as Stabat Mater, is a 13th-century Catholic hymn to Mary. It has been attributed to the Franciscan Jacopone da Todi and to Innocent III. It is about the Sorrows of Mary.
Like so many other hymns the name of the hymn is made of the first few words. This is called an incipit. The first line reads Stabat mater dolorosa ("The sorrowful mother stood"). The Stabat Mater hymn is about the suffering of Mary, Jesus Christ's mother, during his crucifixion. It is sung at the liturgy on the memorial of Our Lady of Sorrows. The Stabat Mater has been set to music by many composers, among them Palestrina, Pergolesi, Alessandro Scarlatti and Domenico Scarlatti, Vivaldi, Haydn, Rossini, Dvorak, George Henschel, Karol Szymanowski, Poulenc and Arvo Part.
In the 16th centry, the hymn was added to the Roman missal. The Council of Trent banned it, like most sequences. In the 18th century it was added to the Breviary of Roman Catholic mass. The Second Vactican Council abolished this form of mass, so it is only part of regular mass one day of the year. The current version can be found in the Roman Gradual, which dates of 1973.
References
Christian hymns
Barbados national cricket team

The Barbados national cricket team is the national cricket team of Barbados. It is organised by the Barbados Cricket Association (BCA). Barbados is a member of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB), which is a member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in its own right, and Barbadians play internationally for the West Indies cricket team.
References
Cricket clubs
National sports teams of Barbados
Altmarkkreis Salzwedel Rural District

Altmarkkreis Salzwedel is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
History
The old Altmark region, included parts of the neighbouring district of Stendal. In the 10th century it was the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire.
In the Late Middle Ages many towns were members of the Hanseatic League.
The modern district was established in 1994 by joining the former districts of Gardelegen, Klotze, Salzwedel and part of Osterburg.
Coat of arms
Towns and municipalities
Other websites
Official Website (German)
Touristical website for the Altmark region (German)
Dromling Nature Park (German, English)
Government Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Árpád

Arpad (; 845 - 907) was the head of the confederation of the Magyar tribes around the 9th and 10th centuries.
845 births
El Dorado, Houston

El Dorado is a neighborhood in northeast Houston, Texas, United States. The site of a halfway house, El Dorado had the highest amount of convicted felons per resident of all of the Houston neighborhoods in 2007.
Super Neighborhood #53 El Dorado/Oates Prairie includes El Dorado.
References
Houston
Battle of Lade

The Battle of Lade was a naval battle which occurred in 494 BC. It was fought between an alliance of the Ionian cities (joined by the Lesbians) and the Persian Empire of Darius the Great. The Persians won the revolt and this led to the end of the war.
References
Battles
Province of Turin

Turin () is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy.
T
Hallstavik

Hallstavik is a locality in Norrtalje Municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden. In 2010, 4,476 people lived there. The locality is known for its paper-factory and the Rospiggarna speedway team .
References
Other websites
Settlements in Stockholm County
Endrin

Endrin is an insecticide that was commonplace among cotton growers and for the treament of cereals. It was also used to kill rodents. It is a neurotoxin. It is a stereoisomer of Dieldrin. In the soil, it can take up to twelve years to decay. It is one of the twelve substances listed in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, and its production, trade and use is banned since 2004.
References
Organochlorides
Pollution
Jadeworld (USA)

Jadeworld is a programming package operated by TVB (USA) Inc.. TVB USA is headquartered in Los Angeles, with other operators in New York and San Francisco.
Programs
TVB Channels cover an array of dramas, variety shows, U.S. and Hong Kong news, and sports.
News
TVB covers local, U.S. and Hong Kong news. U.S. and Hong Kong news is only offered on TVB's Jadeworld channels. local news clips on the TVB website.
Sports
Although TVB has a limited sports coverage that includes the Olympics, FIFA and other Hong Kong sports; with TVB on DISH, NBA TV, One World Sports and Universal Sports Network are also now offered as a part of DISH's Chinese Basic Package.
References
Other websites
TVBUSA official webpage
TVBUSA on YouTube
Time Warner Cable International TV Packages
DISH Cantonese Authorized Retailers
Order Jadeworld on DISH
TVB
American television stations
1984 establishments in the United States
American television channels
The Gadfly (1955 movie)

The Gadfly () is a 1955 Soviet drama movie directed by Aleksandr Faintsimmer. It stars Oleg Strizhenov, Marianna Strizhenova, and Nikolai Simonov.
Actors
Oleg Strizhenov as Arthur Burton / Felice Rivarez
Marianna Strizhenova as Gemma
Nikolai Simonov as Cardinal Montanelli
Vladimir Etush as Cesare Martini
Antoni Khodursky as Grassini
Vadim Medvedev as Giovanni Bolla
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1955 movies
Soviet drama movies
Pontarlier

Pontarlier is a French commune in the Doubs department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region, in eastern France near the border with Switzerland. It is a subprefecture in the department and is also the capital of the arrrondissement of Pontarlier.
Pontarlier is the third commune of the department by its population, after Besancon and Montbeliard.
Geography
The city of Pontarlier is in the west of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region, in the southwestern part of the Doubs department.
The commune of Pontarlier has an area of . The city is on a plateau and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The Doubs river flows through the city.
The city of Pontarlier is surrounded by the communes:
Climate
The Koppen climate classification type for Pontarlier is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb.
Population
The inhabitants of Pontarlier are known, in French, as Pontissaliens (women: Pontissaliennes).
With a population of 17,413, Pontarlier has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Pontarlier
Administration
Pontarlier is a subprefecture of the Doubs department, the capital of the arrondissement of Pontarlier and the administrative centre () of the canton Pontarlier formed by 10 communes, including Pontarlier, with 26,699 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Le Grand Pontarlier ().
Twinned and partner towns
Pontarlier is twinned with:
Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany, since 1964;
Zarautz, Spain, since 1994;
Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland, since 2003.
Places of interest
Some interesting places in Montbeliard are:
The Chateau de Sandon.
Porte Saint-Pierre and Triumphal Arch (18th century).
The Saint-Benigne de Pontarlier church.
The Fort de Joux castle.
Gallery
Related pages
Arrondissement of Pontarlier
Communes of the Doubs department
References
Other websites
Ville de Pontarlier official website
Pontarlier tourism website
Communaute de communes du Grand Pontarlier
Subprefectures in France
Communes in Doubs
Ovada

Ovada is an Italian city in Piedmont. About 11,500 people live there.
Cities in Piedmont
Twist Bread

Twist bread is a type of bread rolled into a long sausage shape and twisted over a stick. It is then baked over an open fire.
The dough is made like ordinary bread dough with yeast as a leavening agent.
Breads
Cooper City, Florida

Cooper City is a city of Florida in the United States. Greg Ross is mayor.
References
Cities in Florida