pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Christophoros (Rakintzakis)

Bishop Christophoros (Rakintzakis) (), born George Rakintzakis (May 1, 1931 - February 14, 2020) H.B.A., B.Div., B.Ed., M.A., was the Bishop of Andida and Vicar-Bishop of the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Toronto (Canada) under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople from 1999 to 2017.
He was also the first Dean of the Toronto Orthodox Theological Academy from October 1997 through to June 2006. He officially retired in 2017. In addition he was a brother of the historic Hosios Loukas monastery in Boeotia, Greece. He was born in Athens, Greece.
Notes
References
1931 births
2020 deaths
People from Athens
Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance

Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance is a 2011 American superhero horror movie and a sequel to 2007's Ghost Rider, with Nicolas Cage returning.
Cast
Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze
Ciaran Hinds as Mephisto/Roarke
Idris Elba as Moreau
Anthony Head as Benedict
2011 horror movies
2010s superhero movies
American horror movies
American superhero movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Marvel Comics movies
Movies set in Europe
Fredrik Thordendal

Fredrik Thordendal (born 11 February 1970) is a Swedish guitarist. He is best known for being the guitarist for extreme metal band Meshuggah. Along with other Meshuggah guitarist Marten Hagstrom, Thordendal was called one of the 100 best guitarists of all time by Guitar World. He was one of the people who made Meshuggah.
References
1970 births
Living people
Swedish guitarists
Meshuggah
Villefranche-de-Lauragais

Villefranche-de-Lauragais is a commune of 4,662 people (2018). It is in Occitanie in the Haute-Garonne department in southwest France.
Communes in Haute-Garonne
Bodhicitta

In Buddhist thought, bodhicitta is the motivation of a bodhisattva. The word bodhicitta combines the words for enlightenment (Bodhi) and mind (Citta). It is sometimes translated as mind of enlightenment.
Bodhicitta is taught to be the intent to become enlightened, not for oneself, but for the benefit of all beings.
Buddhist terminology
North Kingstown, Rhode Island

North Kingstown is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. It is part of the Providence metropolitan area. The population was 27,732 in the 2020 census.
References
Towns in Rhode Island
Austrian School

The Austrian School is a way of thinking about economics. It is based on the actions of the individual person. It started in late 19th and early 20th century Vienna, Austria. It is referred to as Austrian economics, because the primary economists were Austrian although its followers are from all over the world today.
Followers of the Austrian school criticize central planning, government price controls and other state regulations. They say that it is impossible for government institutions to make comparatively better decisions about production or the prices of goods and services because they do not have the knowledge or flexibility that millions of individual consumers have. Followers of the Austrian school also criticize government inflation of the money supply.
Important economists of the Austrian School of Economics
Carl Menger
Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk
Ludwig von Mises
Friedrich Hayek
Yuri Maltsev
Murray Rothbard
References
Economic theories
Constantine (movie)

Constantine is a 2005 American superhero horror movie starring Keanu Reeves and Rachel Weisz. It is based on a comic book series called Hellblazer.
The main character, John Constantine, fights demons.
Other websites
2005 fantasy movies
2005 horror movies
2000s superhero movies
2000s American fantasy movies
American science fiction horror movies
Cancer in movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
DC Comics movies
Warner Bros. movies
2000s apocalyptic movies
American superhero movies
United States Lines

United States Lines was the trading name of the United States Shipping Board (USSB) and the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC), which operated from 1921 to 1991.
She was known for having among her fleet, the SS Leviathan, which for a time held the title of the World Largest Passenger Ship until the launch of the Queen Mary in 1934, the SS America (which ran aground and sank off Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands) and the SS United States, which currently holds the title of the Fastest Passenger Ship in history on the Transatlantic Route, with a speed of 38.32 Knots, the United States is currently anchored on the Delaware River at Pier 82 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
References
Other websites
Passenger Lists from the United States Lines GG Archives
Baltimore Mail Line History and Ephemera at GG Archives
United States Lines (USL) History and Ephemera at GG Archives
Defunct shipping companies
1921 establishments in the United States
1991 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States
Gripen Trollhättan BK

Gripen Trollhattan BK is a bandy club in Trollhattan, Sweden. The club was formed in 1936. The club was originally called Gripens BK, before changing name in 1988. The men's team played in the Swedish first division the seasons of 1973/1974, 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2004/2005. During the 2006/2007 season, the club managed to reach the top division again, where the club played during the 2007/2008. Their home ground is Slattbergshallen.
References
Other websites
official website
1936 establishments in Europe
Bandy clubs in Sweden
1930s establishments in Sweden
Manipur

Manipur () is a state within the Republic of India. It has area of 22,347 km2 (8,628 mi2). In traditional Indian geography it falls under the North-east Indian zone.
The state is bordered by the Indian states of Nagaland to its north, Mizoram to its south and Assam to its west. Its eastern border is the Indian border with Myanmar. Manipur has a long recorded written history of kings ascended in the main throne of Kangla. The list of these kings can be found in a chronicle known as Cheitharol Kumbaba. Cheitharol Kumbaba, also spelled Cheitharon Kumpapa, is the court chronicle of the kings of Manipur. It recorded the history of the Kingdom of Manipur from the founding of the Ningthouja dynasty in 33 CE under king Nongda Lairen Pakhangba until the merger of the kingdom with India in 1949 and the subsequent abolition of monarchy. It ends with the last king of Manipur, Bodhchandra. The Cheitharol Kumbaba is probably one of the oldest chronicles of the region and is written on more than 1000 leaves of Meetei paper in Meetei Mayek, an early Meitei script.
Districts of Manipur
District Headquarters
BPR Bishnupur Bishnupur
TBL Thoubal Thoubal
IE Imphal East Porompat
IW Imphal West Lamphelpat
SE Senapati Senapati
UKR Ukhrul Ukhrul
CDL Chandel Chandel
CCP Churachandpur Churachandpur
TML Tamenglong Tamenglong
JBM Jiribam Jiribam
KPI Kangpokpi (Sadar Hills) Kangpokpi
KAK Kakching Kakching
TNL Tengnoupal Tengnoupal
KJ Kamjong Kamjong
NL Noney Noney
PZ Pherzawl Pherzawl
Proposed districts of Manipur
Moirang
Tongjei Marin
Moreh
Imphal city
Wangoi
References
Other websites
Impact of climate change on marine ecosystems

Marine ecosystems, including oceans, coral reefs, and marine life, play a vital role in our planet's health. However, the effects of global climate change pose significant threats to these delicate environments. This article explores how climate change impacts marine ecosystems, relying on credible sources such as scientific research, international organizations, and trusted news reports.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Ocean Impact
Climate change leads to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2). Much of these emissions are absorbed by the oceans, resulting in a process known as ocean acidification. This change in acidity levels can harm coral reefs, mollusks, and other marine life sensitive to pH alterations.
Rising Temperatures and Sea Level
Changing climate also affects water temperatures and sea levels. Warming oceans can cause shifts in marine habitats and trigger the migration of species. Rising sea levels pose a serious threat to coastal ecosystems and populations worldwide.
Conservation Efforts and Marine Ecosystem Preservation
In response to these challenges, governments and global organizations are implementing strategies to conserve marine ecosystems. Efforts include reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementing measures to protect ocean health.
Insights from Experts and Studies
Reputable studies and reports extensively highlight the consequences of climate change on marine ecosystems. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discuss how electric vehicles produce fewer emissions compared to traditional vehicles. However, their impact depends on the environmental cleanliness of the electricity grid. Additionally, credible news sources discuss how automakers and governments are addressing environmental concerns related to electric vehicle battery production.
References
Climate change
Villefranche-de-Rouergue

Villefranche-de-Rouergue () is a commune in southern France in the Aveyron department, in the region of Occitanie. It is the sous-prefecture (capital) of the arrondissement of the same name in the Aveyron department.
History
In 1252, Alphonse de Poitiers, Count of Toulouse, sent Jean d'Arcis, Seneschal of Rouergue, to build a city along the Aveyron as a new capital for Rouergue (an old French province): Villefranche-de-Rouergue. From 1369 to the French Revolution, Villefranche-de-Rouergue was the capital of Rouergue.
Geography
Villefranche-de-Rouergue is in the valley of the Aveyron river along the line that separates the Causses (limestone plateaus) from the Segala geographical region.
There are mines of copper, lead, tin, iron and silver.
The Alzou river joins in the city, as a right tributary, the Aveyron river.
Villefranche-de-Rouergue has an area of , and its average altitude in the city is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
Villefranche-de-Rouergue is surrounded by the communes Saint-Remy, Maleville, La Bastide-l'Eveque, Morlhon-le-Haut, Sanvensa, La Rouquette, Savignac and Toulonjac.
Climate
The climate of Villefranche-de-Rouergue, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Villefranche-de-Rouergue are known, in French, as Villefranchois (women: Villefranchoises).
With a population of 11,822, Villefranche-de-Rouergue has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Villefranche-de-Rouergue
Villefranche-de-Rouergue forms with Toulonjac the urban area of Villefranche-de-Rouergue with a population of 12,644 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Villefranche-de-Rouergue, formed by 16 communes with a population of 20,180 inhabitants and an area of .
Administration
Villefranche-de-Rouergue is a subprefecture of the Aveyron department, the capital of the arrondissement of Villefranche-de-Rouergue and the administrative centre () of the canton of Villefranche-de-Rouergue, with 13,282 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Le Grand Villefranchois ().
Sister cities
Villefranche-de-Rouergue is twinned with:
Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Pula, Croatia
Sarzana, Italy
Gallery
References
Related pages
Arrondissements of the Aveyron department
Communes of the Aveyron department
Other websites
Mairie de Villefranche-de-Rouergue - Official website
Office de Tourisme de Villefranche-de-Rouergue
Subprefectures in France
Communes in Aveyron
Strange People (1969 movie)

Strange People () is a 1969 Soviet drama movie directed by Vasily Shukshin. It stars Vsevolod Sanayev, Panteleymon Krymov, and Sergei Nikonenko.
Actors
Vsevolod Sanayev as Matvey Ivanovich Ryazantsev
Panteleymon Krymov as Veniamin Zakharovich Dulich, history teacher
Sergei Nikonenko as Vasya
Elena Sanayeva as Ryazantsev's daughter
Nina Sazonova as Ryazantsev's wife
Yevgeny Yevstigneyev as Vasya's brother
Lidiya Fedoseyeva-Shukshina as Lidiya Nikolaevna
Maria Shukshina as Mashenka
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1969 movies
Soviet drama movies
Martin Freeman

Martin John Christopher Freeman (born 8 September 1971) is an English actor. His most famous roles include Tim Canterbury in The Office, John in Love Actually, Arthur Dent in the film adaptation of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Dr. Watson in Sherlock, and Paul Maddens in Nativity! He played the role of Bilbo Baggins in Peter Jackson's three-part adaptation of The Hobbit.
Early life
Freeman was born in Aldershot, Hampshire. He went to Salesian School.
References
Other websites
1971 births
Living people
Actors from Hampshire
BAFTA Award winning actors
English movie actors
English television actors
Battle of Garfagnana

The Battle of Garfagnana () was known to the Germans as Operation Winter Storm (Unternehmen Wintergewitter) and nicknamed the "Christmas Offensive" (Italian: Offensiva di Natale).
It was an attack of Axis forces on the western sector of the Gothic Line during World War II. It happened in December 1944 in the north Tuscan Apennines, near Massa and Lucca.
In late December 1944 the German 14th Army under General Kurt von Tippelskirch attacked the left side of the U.S. Fifth Army in the Serchio valley. He wanted to make the U.S. forces stay there.
The Allies had ordered two brigades from Indian 8th Infantry Division to be moved to help the U.S. 92nd Infantry Division. By the time they had arrived the Germans and Italians had captured Barga. U.S. soldiers had intended to retreat to Lucca. The German / Italian force stopped the attack and withdrew.
Barga was recaptured one week later by the New Year. The western Gothic Line remained in place until late March 1945.
Historical background
Benito Mussolini and his Defense Minister, Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, wanted to create an Italian Army. They did not want this army to be under German control. They wanted some of the newly created Italian Divisions to attack the Allies in the Italian peninsula.
They planned an attack in Garfagnana for two of their new Divisions. There would be 40,000 men and airplanes. Their goal was recapturing Lucca, Pisa and Livorno in Tuscany from the Allies. But the Italians lacked arms, tanks and airplanes.
The Germans created their own attack,
With 9,000 soldiers (mostly Italians), they attacked in Garfagnana a small area of the Gothic Line. They wanted to move the Allies back .
Groups from the U.S. 92nd Infantry Division moved near Garfagnana sector in November 1944. They did not
capture Castelnuovo di Garfagnana.
The battle
Following the Ardennes Offensive in mid-December, the Allies thought the Axis might try an attack in Northern Italy.
The 19th and 21st Brigades of the Indian 8th Infantry Division were moved to help the U.S. 92nd Infantry Division in front of Lucca.
On 26 December, several RSI military did the "Operation Winter Storm" (Wintergewitter) attacks with three German battalions. This was a German and Italian attack against the American 92nd Infantry Division. A total of 9,100 Axis troops (of which 66% were Italians), with 100 artillery pieces but no tanks attacked. There were 18,000 Allied troops with 140 artillery batteries and 120 tanks.
Their goal was to capture the small towns of Barga, Sommocolonia, Vergemoli, Treppignana, Coreglia, Fornaci di Barga, Promiana, Castelvecchio and Calomini. These were all north-west of Lucca. By 27 December the attack was over. In the morning, the German troops entered Pian di Coreglia.
The next morning, the Axis troops occupied Piano di Coreglia. The Axis troops got more than 25 kilometres inside the Allies lines.
References
European battles of World War II
1944 in Italy
December events
Alna, Maine

Alna is a town in Lincoln County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Popocatépetl

Popocatepetl (also called El popo or Don Goyo) is an active volcano. The volcano is the second highest mountain in Mexico after Pico de Orizaba (5,610m). It is high .
History
Popocatepetl is the Aztec word for "Smoking Mountain". Popocatepetl was an Aztec warrior who loved Iztaccihuatl. Iztaccihuatl's father sent Popocatepetl to war in Oaxaca. He promised him his daughter as his wife if he returned (which Iztaccihuatl's father thought he would not). Iztaccihuatl's father told her that her lover had died in battle. She died of sadness. When Popocatepetl returned, and found out about the death of his lover, he killed himself by stabbing a knife into his heart. The gods covered them with snow and changed them into mountains. Iztaccihuatl's mountain was called "La Mujer Dormida, (the "Sleeping Woman"), because it looks like a woman sleeping on her back. Popocatepetl became the volcano Popocatepetl, raining fire on Earth in anger at the loss of his lover.
Eruptions
Popocatepetl has had more than 20 big eruptions since the arrival of the Spanish in 1519. A major eruption happened in 1947. On December 21, 1994 the volcano threw out gas and ash which was carried as far as 25 km away by the wind. This led to people having to leave nearby towns. Scientists began to check the volcano for an eruption.The way scientists checked the volcano was by implementing 10 composite monitoring stations around the volcano, including broadband seismometers, thermal surveillance cameras, tiltmeters, electronic distance meters, lahar acoustic detectors and other instruments. In December 2000, tens of thousands of people were made to leave the area by the government based on the warnings of scientists. The volcano then made its largest display in thousands of years. The most recent eruption which was this year didn't have any injuries. Since it was so near Mexico City so many cameras were recording this eruption. Officials recorded that the eruption had a column of smoke that went as high as 2 miles into the air, with moderate ash content.
Related pages
List of volcanos
Dormant volcano
Extinct volcano
Notes
References
De la Cruz-Reyna, Servando, et al. "Tectonic Earthquakes Triggering Volcanic Seismicity and Eruptions. Case Studies at Tungurahua and Popocatepetl Volcanoes." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol. 193, no. 1, 2010, pp. 37-48.
https://earthsky.org/earth/volcano-popocatepetl-eruption-mexico-jan-9-2020
Other websites
Volcanoes of Mexico
VEI-6 volcanoes
Willie Toweel

Willie Michael Toweel (6 April 1934 - 25 December 2017) was a South African boxer. He won the bronze medal in the flyweight division (- 51 kg) at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He was born in Benoni, Gauteng. He retired in 1960. His partner,Emile Griffith went on to win the Welterweight and Middleweight championships of the world.
As an Amateur, Toweel had won Junior and Senior South African Titles and won a bronze medal at the 1952 Olympic Games.
Toweel died on 25 December 2017 in Cape Town of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 83.
References
Other websites
sportspotter.com
1934 births
2017 deaths
South African Olympians
Boxers
Olympic bronze medalists
Maxime Verhagen

Maxime Jacques Marcel Verhagen (born 14 September 1956, Maastricht) is a former Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).
Verhagen studied history at Leiden University.
He was a member of the municipal council of Oegstgeest from 1989 to 1990, a member of the European Parliament from 1989 to 1994, a member of the House of Representatives from 1994 to 2007 and in 2010, and also parliamentary leader from 2002 to 2006 and in 2010.
From 2007 to 2010, he was foreign minister, in the Fourth Balkenende cabinet. He also was development cooperation minister in the same cabinet in 2010. From 2010 to 2012, he was both economics and agriculture minister, and deputy prime minister in the First Rutte cabinet.
Verhagen was leading the CDA from 2010 to 2012.
Since July 2013 he has been chairing Bouwend Nederland.
Maxime Verhagen is married with three children, and a member of the Catholic Church. He lives in Voorburg (province of South Holland).
References
Bio at Parlement.com
1956 births
Living people
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch businesspeople
Dutch councillors
Dutch historians
Dutch Roman Catholics
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
MEPs for the Netherlands
People from Maastricht
Politicians from Limburg (Netherlands)
Writers from Limburg (Netherlands)
Yuga

This article is about the Yugas in Hinduism. For the Indian meditation exercise, go to Yoga.
Hindus believe that there are periods of time called yugas ("ages" or "eras"): Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga. When Kali Yuga ends, a new Satya Yuga begins.
Satya Yuga (also called Krita Yuga) is the first age, which lasts for 1,728,000 years. It is "the age of truth" or "Golden Age", when all humans are good and very religious. They are ruled by gods and live for many centuries.
Treta Yuga is the second age, which lasts for 1,296,000 years. During the last Treta Yuga, god Vishnu's avatars Vamana, Parashurama, and Ramachandra were born. The Indian epic legend Ramayana is set in that period.
Dvapara Yuga is the third age, which lasts for 864,000 years, when humans are still religious but their lives are much shorter. The last Dvapara Yuga ended with the death of Krishna and Mahabharata is set in its final years.
Kali Yuga is the fourth and final age, which lasts for 432,000 years. It is the "dark age" when humans lose their spirituality and are abandoned by gods. Hindus believe that we currently live in a Kali Yuga.
Related pages
Ages of Man
Five Suns
Other websites
The Hindu concept of Time
Vedic Age of the Universe
Hinduism
Time
Domenico Ghirlandaio

Domenico di Tommaso Curradi di Doffo Bigordi (, , ; 2 June 1448 - 11 January 1494), professionally known as Domenico Ghirlandaio, also spelled as Ghirlandajo, was an Italian painter. He painted during the Renaissance (about 1400-1600) in Florence. He was an important painter in the time of the Renaissance. In about 1480, he became the official portrait artist for wealthy people in Florence.
Domenico had a large painting workshop. His brothers David Ghirlandaio and Benedetto Ghirlandaio and his brother-in-law Sebastiano Mainardi worked with him. His son Ridolfo Ghirlandaio also was a painter.
Michelangelo Buonarroti was his most famous apprentice. He started learning in Domenico's workshop at age 13.
Biography
Ghirlandaio died in 1494 of an contagious fever and was buried in Santa Maria Novella. The day and month of his birth and death are not known, but he died in early January of his forty-fifth year. He had been married two times and had six children. One of his three sons, Ridolfo Ghirlandaio, also became a noted painter in Florence.
Works
Related pages
List of Italian painters
References
Other websites
, 122 works by Domenico Ghirlandaio
ghirlandaio.it , Museums and exhibitions in Florence
Web Gallery of Art
Ghirlandaio in Panopticon Virtual Art Gallery
Ghirlandaio's Cappella Sassetti Frescoes
Where to find Ghirlandaio's works in Florence
1449 births
Renaissance
15th-century Italian painters
1494 deaths
Awake (movie)

Awake is a 2007 American crime thriller movie. It was written and directed by Joby Harold. It stars Hayden Christensen, Jessica Alba, Lena Olin, and Terrence Howard. The movie was rated R by the MPAA for language, an intense disturbing situation, and brief drug use.
The movie was released in the United States and Canada on November 30, 2007.
2007 crime thriller movies
2000s psychological movies
American crime thriller movies
American psychological movies
2000s English-language movies
Multilingual movies
Suicide in movies
Neville McNamara

Air Chief Marshal Sir Neville Patrick McNamara, (17 April 1923 - 7 May 2014) was an Australian war veteran. He was the senior commander of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He served as the RAAF's highest-ranking position, Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), from 1979 until 1982. He was also Chief of the Defence Force Staff (CDFS), Australia's top military role at the time, from 1982 until 1984.
McNamara was born in Toogoolawah, Queensland.
McNamara died on 7 May 2014 in Jervis Bay, New South Wales, aged 91. His wife and two daughters outlived him.
References
Other websites
Neville McNamara at Bomber Command Commemorative Day
1923 births
2014 deaths
Australian military people
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Order of Australia
People from Queensland
Sam Oji

Samuel Udoka Oji (9 October 1985 - 28 August 2021) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre back. Oji was born in City of Westminster, England.
Oji played in the Football League for Doncaster Rovers, Bristol Rovers, Leyton Orient and Hereford United. He later played for Tamworth of the Conference Premier.
He then played in the League of Ireland for Limerick and Galway United. Oji joined Highgate United in 2018, and was made assistant manager of that club in July 2021.
Oji died on 28 August 2021 of an illness at the age of 35.
References
1985 births
2021 deaths
Footballers from London
Cairo (disambiguation)

Cairo is the capital city of Egypt.
Cairo might also refer to:
Cairo, Georgia
Cairo, Illinois
Cairo, West Virginia
Cairo Governorate
Morgan Mcdowall

Morgan Mcdowall (born 29 March 2002) is a New Zealand water polo player. She competed for the New Zealand women's national water polo team in the 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
References
Other websites
'Water baby' McDowall forging her own path
Water polo prodigy gets competitive edge from her All Black father
https://swimswam.com/tag/morgan-mcdowall/
https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/sport/other/im-not-just-little-girl-kiwi-teen-eager-make-waves-waterpolo-world-head-nz
2002 births
Living people
New Zealand water polo players
Frequency modulation

In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation transmits information over a carrier wave by varying the frequency. This technique is different from amplitude modulation which varies the amplitude, but keeps the frequency constant. This kind of modulation is used in broadcasting and other radio work.
In the context of broadcasting, Frequency modulation is often shortened to FM. When transmitting analogue sound, the sound quality of FM signals is better than that of amplitude modulation (AM) signals. However, FM signals do not travel as far as AM beause they use higher frequencies that do not bounce off the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
Many radio stations send out both kinds of signals. AM may be used for talk shows, and FM for music. FM broadcasting usually includes a difference signal, which can cause two different speakers at home to create different sounds. This creates stereo sound.
Other websites
Frequency Modulation
References
Radio technology
Celina Seghi

Celina Seghi (6 March 1920 - 27 July 2022) was an Italian alpine skier. She was born in Abetone, Italy. She competed in the 1948 and 1952 Winter Olympics, finishing in fourth place both times.
Seghi turned 100 in March 2020. She died on 27 July 2022 in Pistoia, Italy at the age of 102.
References
1920 births
2022 deaths
Italian centenarians
Italian Olympians
Italian skiers
Sportspeople from Tuscany
Cedar Hills, Oregon

Cedar Hills is a census-designated place in Oregon in the United States.
Census-designated places in Oregon
I, the Jury (1982 movie)

I, the Jury is a 1982 American crime drama movie directed by Richard T. Heffron and is the second adaption of the 1947 novel of the same name by Mickey Spillane. It stars Armand Assante, Barbara Carrera, Laurene Landon, Alan King, Geoffrey Lewis, Judson Scott, Paul Sorvino and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1982 crime drama movies
1982 mystery movies
1980s American crime drama movies
American mystery movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies
Movies set in New York (state)
Movies directed by Richard T. Heffron
Logorrhea

Logorrhea is a disorder of speech. It is a psychological disorder where a person speaks continuously in gibberish or makes no real sense. It is a sign of an underlying mental disorder, and needs psychiatric attention.
Logorrhea happens in many different psychiatric and neurological conditions. Some of these are glossolalia, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder.
The term is sometimes used of someone who is just very talkative. This is meant to be a humorous reference.
In popular culture
The dramatic monologue Not I by Samuel Beckett is an example of logorrhea. So is Lucky's speech in the play Waiting for Godot.
In the 1999 E.W. Scripps National Spelling Bee, the spelling bee champion Nupur Lala won with the word logorrhea. Then a documentary, Spellbound was made about the spelling bee.
Related pages
Word salad
Mental illnesses
Disorders
Human communication
Bauquay

Bauquay is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Les Monts d'Aunay.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Brok

Brok nad Bugiem (English: Brok near Bug) is a small town in Mazowsze Voivodship, Poland. Brok is in Ostrowian County (head town of this region is Ostrow Mazowiecka). Brok is one of the smallest places in Europe with town status (since 1500).
Area: 28,05 km2
Number of people (as of 2004): 1882
Community: Brok
Post code: 07-306
Current Mayor: Stanislaw Bebenek (since 2002)
Brok is regarded by many as one of the most beautiful places in this part of Poland. This is a tourist town near two rivers: Bug and one also named Brok.
Attractions include:
Gothic Church (built 1560)
Old Jewish Cemetery
Location (Puszcza Biala, White Wood)
Many old houses
Towns in Poland
Ostrowian County (Poland)
Heinrich event

A Heinrich event is one of the events which occurred during the coldest point of Bond Cycles in which many icebergs were discharged into the North Atlantic and melted.
Evidence for this can be found in the north Atlantic sediment cores which show poorly sorted, angular and contain rocks. These were originally in the icebergs but dropped to the bottom of the ocean when the icebergs melted.
Heinrich events are a possible trigger to the onset of mini ice ages which follow a long period of thaw. An example might be the Younger Dryas, a brief cold period from about 12.8 thousand years ago to about 11.5 thousand years ago.
The Younger Dryas stadial is thought to have been caused by the collapse of the North American ice sheets, although rival theories have been proposed.
References
Climate
Cazaugitat

Cazaugitat is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Taijutsu

Taijutsu is a martial art that relies on speed and strength.
Japanese martial arts
Debjani Chatterjee

Debjani Chatterjee is a Bengali film actress.
TV series
Jamuna Dhaki
Boron
Jarowar Jhumko
Trinayani
Rakhi Bandhan
Kiranmala
Khokababu
Aaparajito
Gaaner opaare
Raashi
Movies
Pagal premi (2006)
Dujone (2009)
Le chakka (2010)
Someday Somewhere... Jete paari chole (2011)
Durga Sahay (2018)
Gul dasta
Durgeshgarh er guptodhan
References
Other websites
Living people
Indian actors
Le Locle

Le Locle is a municipality of the district of Le Locle in the canton of Neuchatel in Switzerland.
It is in the Jura Mountains, a few kilometers from the city of La Chaux-de-Fonds. It is the third smallest city of Switzerland. As of 31 December 2016, Le Locle has about 10,000 people lived there.
The name of the town comes from the word for lake or trou d'eau.
Since 2009, it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site: La Chaux-de-Fonds/Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning.
Geography
Le Locle is on the Swiss side of the mountain pass Col des Roches, which forms the border between France and Switzerland.
History
Le Locle is first mentioned in 1332 as dou Locle.
Prehistory
The earliest traces of human settlements come from the end of the Mesolithic period (6000-5000 BC) in shelter in the Col des Roches. The site includes the oldest pottery found in the Canton of Neuchatel, along with many tools, the molar of a mammoth and deer and wild boar bones. The shelter was discovered in 1926 by a customs official and was the first site of its kind studied in Switzerland.
However, between 4000 BC and the Middle Ages nothing is known about the Le Locle area.
Middle Ages
In 1150 the valley, in which Le Locle would later be built, was granted by Renaud and William Valanginian to the abbey of Fontaine-Andre. In 1360, John II of Aarberg, the Lord of Valanginian, received Le Locle as a fief from Count Louis of Neuchatel. The heavily wooded part of the Jura Mountains around Le Locle, were cleared by colonists who later received the status of free peasants. These first free farmers received a charter in 1372 which codified their rights and freedoms. At the beginning of the 15th century, this charter was reconfirmed during the foundation of the Mairie or town government. Beginning in the 14th century Le Locle and La Sagne formed a parish together. The church of Mary Magdalene in Le Locle was built in 1351.
Early modern era
The tower of the church of Mary Magdalene, the landmark of the city, arose early in the 16th century. A few years after the tower was built, in 1536, Le Locle converted to the protestant faith. This old church was rebuilt in the mid-18th century. A german church was built in 1844, but demolished in 1967. The Catholic chapel was built in 1861.
Early modern and modern Le Locle
Le Locle was repeatedly burned by large fires (1683, 1765, 1833). It was rebuilt to its present appearance in the second quarter of the 19th century, as it became a center of the watch industry. In 1848 it became a district capital.
Because the small Bied river often flooded the valley, a channel was cut through the valley to the Col des Roches at the beginning of the 19th century. Until 1898 the river was used to provide power for several underground mills.
Economy
Le Locle is known as a center of Swiss watchmaking industry.
Twin towns
Le Locle is twinned with:
Sidmouth, Devon, England
Gerardmer, France
References
Other websites
UNESCO World Heritage List: Le Locle & La Chaux-de-Fonds
Le Locle website
Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Neuchatel
World Heritage Sites in Switzerland
Ming Kipa

Ming Kipa is a Nepalese Sherpa girl who (as recorded in the 2009 Guinness Book of Records) was the youngest person to climb Mount Everest until 2010. She reached the summit on May 24, 2003 when she was 15 years old, with her brother Mingma Gyula and her sister Laphka. Nepalese law does not allow climbers under 16 to climb Everest, so Ming Kipa climbed from the Chinese side.
In 2010, her record was broken by 13-year old Jordan Romero.
References
Sherpa
Kipa, Ming
1987 births
Living people
James Morrison

James Morrison, born November 11, 1962, is famous Australian jazz musician. He has played with people such as B. B. King and Ray Charles.
He was born Boorowa, New South Wales. He started playing trumpet at the age seven. He also plays trombone, euphonium, flugel horn, tuba, saxophones, and piano. In 1979, aged 16, he performed at the Monterey Jazz Festival, and graduated from the New South Wales Conservatorium of Music the next year. He was given the Mo Award, for the Australian Performer of the Year in 1990. In 2000 he played the opening fanfare for the Sydney Olympic Games.
References
Other websites
James Morrison's official website
1962 births
Living people
Jazz musicians
Musicians from New South Wales
Trumpeters
West London Synagogue

West London Synagogue is the oldest Reform synagogue located in London, England, United Kingdom. The synagogue was established on 15 April 1840.
Building
The current building, built in 1870, is located near Marble Arch in London. The main sanctuary is built in the Byzantine architectural style. The premises also contain offices, a library and community facilities.
Other websites
The West London Synagogue
The Movement for Reform Judaism
Synagogues
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Leo Minor

Leo Minor is a constellation in the northern sky.
References
Other websites
Constellations
Lions
Nunavut (electoral district)

Nunavut () is an electoral district of Canada. It covers the entire territory of Nunavut. It was created in 1976.
Election results
References
Federal electoral districts in the territories of Canada
Teasing

Teasing is a word with different meanings. With humans, teasing usually means either playful and hurtful. Teasing is often unkind, and is sometimes a type of harassment. It can have a sexual context as well, as to create sexual arousal in someone, for example.
Related pages
Bullying
Other websites
Stories and advice on stopping teasing.
The Art of the Teaser
Bullying
Human behavior
Kazuo Echigo

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Echigo was born in Mie District, Mie on December 28, 1965. After graduating from Yokkaichi Chuo Technical High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Furukawa Electric (later JEF United Ichihara) in 1984. The club won 1985/86 Japan Soccer League and 1986 JSL Cup. In Asia, the club won 1986 Asian Club Championship. This is first Asian champions as Japanese club. In 1995, he moved to Japan Football League club Brummell Sendai (later Vegalta Sendai). The club was promoted to new league J2 League in 1999. He retired end of 1999 season.
On July 25, 1986, Echigo debuted for the Japan national team against Syria. He also played at 1986 Asian Games. In 1987, he was selected Japan for 1988 Summer Olympics qualification. He played 6 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1987.
After retirement, Echigo started coaching career at Vegalta Sendai in 2000. He served as an assistant coach until 2004. In 2007, he signed with JEF United Chiba and became a manager for reserve team. In 2011, he returned to Vegalta Sendai and served as manager for youth team. In 2017, he became a manager for the women's team, Mynavi Vegalta Sendai Ladies. In 2017 season, the club was finished at the 4th place. However in 2018 season, the club won only 1 match in 9 matches and he resigned in June. In 2019, he became a manager for Chinese Taipei women's national team.
Statistics
|-
|1984||rowspan="8"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="8"|JSL Division 1||4||2||||||||||4||2
|-
|1985/86||22||4||||||4||0||26||4
|-
|1986/87||15||0||||||5||1||20||1
|-
|1987/88||10||0||||||2||0||12||0
|-
|1988/89||20||3||||||1||0||21||3
|-
|1989/90||13||1||||||2||1||15||2
|-
|1990/91||11||4||||||0||0||11||4
|-
|1991/92||13||3||||||1||0||14||3
|-
|1992||rowspan="4"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="4"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||||||9||2||9||2
|-
|1993||22||3||3||0||3||0||28||3
|-
|1994||33||7||2||0||2||0||37||7
|-
|1995||11||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Brummell Sendai||rowspan="3"|Football League||22||7||3||0||colspan="2"|-||25||7
|-
|1997||9||2||0||0||3||1||12||3
|-
|1998||27||4||4||0||0||0||31||4
|-
|1999||Vegalta Sendai||J2 League||26||0||0||0||1||0||27||0
258||40||12||0||33||5||303||45
258||40||12||0||33||5||303||45
|}
|-
|1986||3||0
|-
|1987||3||1
|-
!Total||6||1
|}
References
Other websites
1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Mie Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Soccer League players
JEF United Chiba players
Vegalta Sendai players
Origanum

Origanum is a genus of herbs. They are native to the Mediterranean and Asia. well-known members include Oregano and Marjoram. Some of the species are used by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species.
Herbs
Lamiaceae
Alberto Matos

Alberto Jorge Rodrigues de Matos (6 June 1944 - 28 January 2021) was a Portuguese sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Lisbon, Portugal.
Matos died on 28 January 2021 in Lisbon, aged 76.
References
1944 births
2021 deaths
Portuguese Olympians
Sprinters
Sportspeople from Lisbon
Portuguese athletes
Kilchberg, Zürich

Kilchberg is a municipality of the district of Horgen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
Industry
It is home to the corporate headquarters of the confectionery Lindt & Sprungli.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Official Website
Lindt & Sprungli Official Website
Municipalities of Zurich
Dorchester County, South Carolina

Dorchester County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 136,555. Its county seat is St. George.
References
1897 establishments in South Carolina
South Carolina counties
Wengi

Wengi (Bernese German: Wangi, []) is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Bern
Macomb, Illinois

Macomb is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
County seats in Illinois
Dobryanka

Dobryanka (, 58deg27'N, 56deg25'E) is a town in Perm Krai, Russia. It is a center of Dobryansky District. As of 2005, there were about 36,100 people.
Dobryanka was founded in 1623 and became a town in 1943. It is one of the oldest settlements of Perm Krai.
Cities and towns in Perm Krai
Orune

Orune (Urune, Orune) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,353 people lived there. Its area is 128.45 km2. It is 745 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Dušan Dragosavac

Dusan Dragosavac (; 1 December 1919 - 21 December 2014) was a former Yugoslav politician. He was a Serb from Croatia. He was the Chairman of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia from 20 October 1981 until 20 June 1982.
He died on 21 December 2014, aged 95.
References
Other websites
Dusan Dragosavac information
1919 births
2014 deaths
Yugoslavian communist politicians
Bovill, Idaho

Bovill is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Malay

Malay has several meanings:
People and language
Malays, ethnic group mainly live in Sumatra, Riau islands, Borneo, and Malacca peninsula
Malayali, ethnic group predominantly live in India
Malay language, the language of the Malays; spoken in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia
Malayalam language, the language of the Malayali
Indonesian language, the official language form that used as the basis of Standard Malay language
Old Malay language, the ancestor of the Malay language
Malay race, an outdated proposed racial category corresponding to the linguistic group of Austronesian people
Geography
Malay Archipelago, an umbrella term used for Indonesian Archipelago and Philippines Archipelago, located between mainland Southeast Asia and Australia
Malay Land, a term used for the region where the Malays inhabit; initially refers spesifically to Sumatra island, but nowadays including the surrounding areas of Sumatra as well
Malay Peninsula, a peninsula in Southeast Asia
Several communes in France:
Malay, Saone-et-Loire, in the Saone-et-Loire departement
Malay-le-Grand, in the Yonne departement
Malay-le-Petit, in the Yonne departement
Politics and history
Malaysia, the modern country
Malay states, the nine states of Malaysia that have hereditary rulers
Malay Kingdom, a kingdom centered in Jambi (in the eastern hemisphere of Sumatra) that was part of the Srivijaya empire
Animals
Malayan tiger, a subspecies of tiger
Malayan tapir, a subspecies of tapir
Malayan gharial, a species of reptile
Related pages
Malaya (disambiguation)
Lorraine Monk

Lorraine Althea Constance Monk (nee Spurrell; May 26, 1922 - December 17, 2020) was a Canadian photographer and executive producer. She worked with National Film Board of Canada. Many of her works were seen at the National Gallery of Canada.
She was first made Member of the Order of Canada (1973) and later made Officer of the Order of Canada (1983). She was also a recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (2002), and Order of Ontario (2007).
Monk died on December 17, 2020, in Toronto, Ontario at aged 98.
References
1922 births
2020 deaths
Mansfield, Ohio

Mansfield is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is the county seat of Richland County.
Cities in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
St. David's Island, Bermuda

St. David's Island is one of the main islands of Bermuda. It is located in the far north of the territory, one of the two similarly sized islands that makeup the majority of St. George's Parish.
Other websites
Bermuda Online
Google Maps satellite photos of Bermunda
Geography of Bermuda
United States of Europe

The United States of Europe (USE for short) is the idea that the countries of the European Union (EU for short) will unite into a single sovereign state. It would be similar to the United States of America (USA for short).
The USE would have much more influence (politically, economically, militarily, culturally, etc.) at the international level than an EU member country alone. It would be the world's third most populous country with a population of almost 450 million people. The economy of the USE would be the world's third-largest by GDP with almost 14 trillion euros.
Some critics believe that there will not be a USE in the near future because they think that:
-countries do not want to give up their national language for an official language of the USE
-countries do not want to give up their national identity
-countries with a small population do not want to end up as federal states with little voting weight
References
Other websites
Political speeches by Victor Hugo: My Revenge is Fraternity!, in which he used the term United States of Europe.
Towards a United States of Europe by Jurgen Habermas, at SignAndSight.com
Europe
Anacrusis

In music and poetry, an anacrusis (plural anacruses) is a very short introduction. The word comes from the (anakrousis), which means literally, "pushing up". It is a set of notes or syllables, perhaps just a single one. It comes before the first beat of a musical phrase, or a line of poetry. It is not part of any musical phrase, or line of poetry which might have come before it. The word is sometimes used in publishing. It is very short, and not the literary or musical introduction, foreword, or with a preface). In music it is often called a "pick up" note.
References
Musical terminology
Musical notation
Ben Bova

Benjamin William Bova (November 8, 1932November 29, 2020) was an American writer. He was the author of more than 120 works of science fiction. He was a six-time winner of the Hugo Award.
He was an editor of Analog Magazine, an editorial director of Omni; he was also president of both the National Space Society and the Science Fiction Writers of America. He was known for his Grand Tour novel series.
Bova died on November 29, 2020 at a hospital in Naples, Florida from pneumonia and a stroke caused by COVID-19, aged 88.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida
American novelists
American science fiction writers
American editors
American critics
American essayists
American journalists
Writers from Philadelphia
Francisco de Quevedo

Francisco Gomez de Quevedo y Santibanez Villegas (Madrid, 14 September 1580 - Villanueva de los Infantes, 8 September 1645) was a nobleman, politician and writer of the Spanish Golden Age.
References
Spanish poets
Writers from Madrid
1580 births
1645 deaths
Rosie and Jim

Rosie and Jim (sometimes written as Rosie & Jim) is a British children's television programme 'produced by Ragdoll Productions. It was aired on ITV from 1990 to the year 2000. The programme continued to be intermittently repeated on CITV until August 2004. Rosie and Jim are two ragdolls who live aboard a narrowboat coincidentally named the Ragdoll, which is from Birmingham. They sit with a concertina on their lap, and come alive when no one is looking, to explore the world that they pass by on their canal. They learn to experience things by following Ragdoll's owner on adventures and secretly join in with them. Usually, they end up causing trouble but they never get caught because no one ever sees them (ever).
English-language television programs
1990 television series debuts
2000 television series endings