pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Axiom of choice

In mathematics the axiom of choice, sometimes called AC, is an axiom used in set theory.
The axiom of choice says that if you have a set of objects and you separate the set into smaller sets, each containing at least one object, it is possible to take one object out of each of these smaller sets and make a new set. You do not always need to use the axiom of choice to do this. You do not need to use the axiom of choice if the starting set is finite, or if the starting set is infinite and has a rule built in for how it can be divided. For example, for any (infinite or finite) sets of pairs of shoes, one can pick out the left shoe from each pair, but for an infinite collection of pairs of socks, the axiom of choice is needed.
Set theory
A Touch of Frost

A Touch of Frost is a British television detective series. It was produced by Yorkshire Television (later ITV Studios) for ITV from 6 December 1992 until 5 April 2010. It was initially based on the Frost novels by R.D. Wingfield. Writing credit for the three episodes in the first 1992 series went to Richard Harris.
1992 television series debuts
2010 British television series endings
1990s British television series
1990s crime television series
1990s drama television series
2000s British television series
2000s crime television series
2000s drama television series
2000s mystery television series
2010s British television series
2010s crime television series
2010s drama television series
2010s mystery television series
Detective television series
English-language television programs
ITV television programmes
Blisland

Blisland is a village and parish in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is about five miles northeast of Bodmin. According to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 565.
The parish is rural in character, the northeast being moorland and the southwest lower lying farmland. The parish is bordered to the north by St Breward parish; to the west by St Mabyn and Helland parishes; to the south by Cardinham, Warleggan, and St Neot parishes; and to the northeast by Altarnun parish.
References
Villages in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Marilyn Knowlden

Marilyn Knowlden (; born May 12, 1926) is an American former child actress. She started appearing in Hollywood movies in 1931 when she was four years old. She is known for her roles in Imitation of Life, Les Miserables, and Angels with Dirty Faces.
References
1926 births
Living people
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from Oakland, California
Paul Scoon

Sir Paul Godwin Scoon (4 July 1935 - 2 September 2013) was Governor-General of Grenada from 1978 to 1992. He was in charge during the rise and fall of the People's Revolutionary Government and during the Invasion of Grenada.
References
1935 births
2013 deaths
Governors-General of Grenada
University of Toronto alumni
Astana

Astana (, ), previously known as Akmolinsk (Russian: Akmolinsk, romanized: Akmolinsk), Tselinograd, and Nur-Sultan, is the capital city of Kazakhstan.
Astana has an estimated population of 1,184,469. It has been the capital of Kazakhstan since 1998. The name "Astana", which in Kazakh language means "Capital city", was chosen because it is easily pronounced in many languages. In Kazakh, it is pronounced "As-ta-na", while in English (and, for instance, German), common pronunciation is "As-ta-na". It is in the Aqmola Province.
On 23 March 2019, a unanimous vote in Kazakhstan's parliament agreed to the new name. The city was renamed Nur-Sultan, after former president Nursultan Nazarbayev. The name was changed back to Astana in September 2022.
Gallery
References
Cities and towns in Kazakhstan
2004 Formula One World Championship

The 2004 Formula One season was the 55th edition of the championship. The champion was Michael Schumacher after dominating the whole season. Ferrari won the constructor's championship.
Formula One seasons
2004 in sports
Dangerous Tour (movie)

Dangerous Tour () is a 1969 Soviet adventure movie directed by Georgi Yungvald-Khilkevich. It stars Vladimir Vysotsky, Yefim Kopelyan, and Nikolai Grinko.
Actors
Vladimir Vysotsky as George Bengalsky (Nikolay Kovalenko)
Yefim Kopelyan as Ivan Tarielovich Bobruisky-Dumbadze, police chief
Nikolai Grinko as Andrey Maksimovic (Viscount de Cordelia)
Ivan Pereverzev as Kazimierz Kazimirovich Kulbras, Governor General
Georgi Yumatov as Maksim
Kira Muratova as Nina
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1969 movies
Soviet adventure movies
Juuka

Juuka, (), is a municipality in North Karelia, Finland. In January 2014, over 5,190 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Juankoski, Kaavi, Kontiolahti, Lieksa, Nurmes, Polvijarvi and Rautavaara.
Villages
Ahmovaara, Halivaara (Hali), Juuka, Kannas, Kajoo, Kuhnusta, Larinsaari, Matara, Nunnanlahti, Paalasmaa, Petrovaara, Pihlajavaara, Polvela, Raholanvaara (Rahola), Timovaara, Tuopanjoki, Vaikko, Vuokko.
Other websites
The official page
Municipalities of North Karelia
Chad Johnson

Chad Javon Johnson (born January 9, 1978 in Miami, Florida) is an American football wide receiver. He currently plays for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He has also played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cincinnati Bengals. Johnson was drafted out of the Oregon State University by the Cincinnati Bengals with the 36th pick in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft.
On April 17, 2014, Johnson signed a two-year deal to play for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League.
He was also known as Chad Ochocinco.
References
Other websites
Chad Ochocinco's Official website
Chad Ochocinco at cincinattibengals.com
1978 births
Living people
Cincinnati Bengals players
American football wide receivers
Sportspeople from Miami
Montreal Alouettes players
New England Patriots players
Cerebral edema

Cerebral oedema (or cerebral edema) is a build-up of extra fluid in the brain. It causes swelling. It is caused by physical trauma or an injury to the brain. This includes inflammation of the brain caused by some infections. Also, mountain climbers at high altitude have been known to experience cerebral oedema primarily due to reduced air pressure acting on the cranium.
References
Brain
Naat Khawan

A Naat Khawan or Sanaa Khawan is a person who recites the Naat. Naat is poetry that speaks well of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Poetry
Venezia F.C.

Venezia Football Club, commonly known as just Venezia FC or Venezia, is a professional football club that plays in Venice, Italy. They currently play in Serie B. They were promoted from the Serie B in the 2020-21 season, then demoted in that same season to Serie B.
The club play their home games at Stadio Pierluigi Penzo. The stadium opened in 1913. It is the second oldest stadium in Italy. The oldest one is Genoa's Stadio Luigi Ferraris. The stadium is also notable because it is easily accessible by boat, and even has parking spaces for boats.
The club are currently planning a new stadium that will be located near Marco Polo Airport, away from Venice Island.
Name changes
1907-1919: Venezia FBC
1919-1987: AC Venezia
1987-1989: Calcio Venezia-Mestre
1989-2005: AC Venezia 1907
2005-2009: SSC Venezia
2009-2014: FBC Unione Venezia
2015-present: Venezia FC
League Position
Titles
Coppa Italia
Winners: 1941
Serie B
Champions: 1960-61, 1965-66
Runners-up: 1938-39, 1948-49, 1997-98
Serie C / Lega Pro Prima Divisione
Champions: 1935-36, 1955-56, 2016-17
Runners-up: 1990-91
Serie D / Lega Pro Seconda Divisione
Champions: 1982-83, 2005-06, 2011-12
Runners-up: 1978-79, 1987-88
Other websites
Venezia FC's official website
References
Italian football clubs
Venice
1907 establishments in Italy
Dhikr

The Arabic word Dhikr means remembrance. Another word is Dhikrullah (remembrance of God).
Dhikr is a kind of worship to God. It is often performed by the Sufis in congregation, and each Sufi order has its special kind of Dhikr.
However all Muslims must do dhikr.There are many benefits of doing Dhikr according to Islamic theology.Such as the fact that it is a polisher of the heart, a way of gaining closeness to Allah, one can even gain trees in Paradise for it.
Islam
Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania

Jim Thorpe is a borough and the county seat of Carbon County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The population was 4,781 at the 2010 census. It is where Native American sports legend Jim Thorpe is buried.
References
Boroughs in Pennsylvania
County seats in Pennsylvania
Creney-près-Troyes

Creney-pres-Troyes is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Creney-pres-Troyes
Province of Ravenna

The province of Ravenna () is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region in Northeast Italy, on the Adriatic Sea. Its capital is the city of Ravenna.
History
The province was created in 1859.
Geography
The province of Ravenna is in the eastern part of the Emilia-Romagna region along the Adriatic Sea.
It has an area of . The provincial capital, the city of Ravenna, is at about from the Adriatic Sea and at about southeast of Bologna, the capital of the region.
The province borders the province of Ferrara to the north, the Metropolitan City of Bologna to the west, the province of Florence in Tuscany to the southwest and the province of Forli-Cesena to the south.
The highest point in the province is Monte Macchia dei Cani (); it is high.
The main rivers in the province are:
Reno - 211 km
Lamone - 90 km
Senio - 92 km
Uniti - 12 km
Montone - 140 km
Bidente-Ronco - 135 km
Bevano - 33 km
Savio - 126 km
Climate
The area in Punta Marina Terme (part of the Ravenna Commune on the coast), at an altitude of about , is characterized by a climate with relatively high temperatures and precipitation throughout the year. The Koppen climate classification type for the climate at Punta Marina Terme is a "Humid Subtropical Climate" and of the subtype "Cfa".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Punta Marina Terme is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of . There is an average of 71.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation days in November with 7.4 days and the least precipitation days in July with 4.4 days.
The average temperature for the year in Punta Marina Terme is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
Population
There are 391,414 persons living in the province (January 2017), for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in the province
Administration
The following table shows the 18 comuni with the population, and the area and altitude.
References
Other websites
Provincia di Ravenna homepage
Ravenna Intorno (Tourism website)
Ravenna
Gerson Gnoatto

Gerson Gnoatto is a gymnast from Brazil. Gnoatto competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 8 October 1963.
References
Other websites
1963 births
Living people
Brazilian gymnasts
Brazilian Olympians
Sportspeople from Porto Alegre
Warrnambool, Victoria

Warrnambool is a city on the south-western coast of Victoria, Australia. About 32,000 people live in the city. It is at the western end of the Great Ocean Road. It is also on the Princes Highway which links Melbourne and Adelaide. Warrnambool is 265 kilometres and 3 hours from Melbourne by road or rail. The name Warrnambool is an Indigenous Australian word meaning "water between two rivers", "two swamps", or "plenty of water".
There are daily trains to Melbourne, via Geelong, and buses to Ballarat, Hamilton and Mount Gambier, South Australia.
The average maximum temperatures are 22 C in summer and 14 C in winter.
The Mahogany Ship
It is possible that the first European people to come to Warrnambool arrived in the 1500s. There is a wrecked ship in the sand dunes near Warrnambool which historians believe is an early Portuguese ship. It may have been part of an expedition in 1522, led by Christovao Mendonca. The wreck was first seen in 1836, but the last sighting was in 1880. It is now covered in sand, and its exact location is now unknown. It is just one of the 80 wrecked ships along the coast. There are 29 wrecks in Lady Bay at Warrnambool. The first recorded exploration of this part of the Victorian coast was by the French explorer Nicholas Baudin in 1802. During the 1830s whaler hunters lived on the coast during the whaling season.
Early settlement
Farmers began to settle along the coast during the 1840s. In 1846 the town was surveyed and laid out, and the first land sale was held in 1847.
References
Cities in Victoria
Grant County, Oklahoma

Grant County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 5,144 people lived there. Its county seat is Medford.
Geography
The county has a total area of 1,004 square miles.
Oklahoma counties
1893 establishments in Oklahoma Territory
Leslie Manigat

Leslie Francois Saint Roc Manigat (August 16, 1930 - June 27, 2014) was a Haitian politician. He was elected President of Haiti after a tightly controlled military held election in January 1988.
He died on June 27, 2014 at the age of 83.
References
Other websites
Important Dates in Haiti's History
1930 births
2014 deaths
Presidents of Haiti
Roger Clemens

William Roger Clemens (born August 4, 1962 in Dayton, Ohio) was an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball. Clemens played in the major leagues for 24 seasons for the Boston Red Sox, Toronto Blue Jays, New York Yankees, and Houston Astros, from to . Clemens has won seven Cy Young Awards, two more than any other pitcher.
Other websites
Baseball Library
Biography from the Roger Clemens Foundation
Roger Clemens ads in the ZADZADZ ad database
1962 births
American baseball players
American League All-Stars
Boston Red Sox players
Houston Astros players
Living people
National League All-Stars
New York Yankees players
Sportspeople from Dayton, Ohio
Toronto Blue Jays players
Gerhard-Hanappi-stadium

The Gerhard Hanappi stadium was a football stadium in Vienna, Austria. It was the homeground of SK Rapid Wien and is named after Gerhard Hanappi, the architect of the stadium and former player of Rapid Wien.
History
The work started in 1971 but there was a delay in finishing it. The plan was not fully built because it should be cheaper. The new stadium was named "Weststadion" (western stadium) because it lays in the western part of Vienna. It was planned that the two major clubs should play in this new stadium, but Austria Wien was not amused that her rival has got a stadium in its own district, so they went back to their former homeground, the Franz Horr stadium. But till 1992 they often came back because the Horr stadium was not licensed for international matches. In April 1981 it got the name of its architect Gerhard Hanappi, who was player for Rapid Wien.
The first match which was played here was a leaguematch SK Rapid versus Austria Vienna. But the official opening was on September 14th, 1977 with a UEFA-Cup match Rapid versus FK Inter Bratislava (1:0). It was not love at first sight between the fans and the new stadium, but meanwhile they accept it. It is even called "Saint Hanappi" following the slogan of the fans "Rapid is our religion."
The stadium was demolished in 2014 to build the Allianz Stadion, which was opened on 16 July 2016. During its construction, Rapid Vienna played their home games at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion in the Prater.
Special matches in the Gerhard-Hanappi-stadium
OFB-Cup finals
1977: FK Austria Wien - Wiener Sport-Club 3:0 (2:0)
1983: SK Rapid Wien - Wacker Innsbruck 3:0 (1:0)
1984: SK Rapid Wien - FK Austria Wien 2:0 (2:0)
1985: SK Rapid Wien - FK Austria Wien 3:3 (1:1) (0:0) n. V.- Pen. 6:5
1986: SK Rapid Wien - FK Austria Wien 4:6 (3:3) (2:1) n.V.
1987: SK Rapid Wien - FC Swarovski Tirol 2:0 (2:0)
1998: SV Ried - SK Sturm Graz 3:1 (2:0)
2007: FK Austria Wien - SV Mattersburg 2:1 (0:1)
Supercup (Austria)
1986: SK Rapid Wien - FK Austria Wien 3:1 (2:0)
1987: SK Rapid Wien - FC Swarovski Tirol 2:1 (1:1)
International matches
(Till 1992 FK Austria Vienna has to play international matches in the Gerhard-Hanappi-stadium.)
1984: SK Rapid Wien - Celtic Glasgow 3:1 (0:0)
1985: FK Austria Wien - FC Liverpool 1:1 (1:0)
1985: SK Rapid Wien - Dynamo Dresden 5:0 (3:0)
1985: FK Austria Wien - FC Bayern Munchen 3:3 (1:1)
1986: SK Rapid Wien - FC Brugge 4:3 (2:1)
1989: SK Rapid Wien - FC Aberdeen 1:0 (1:0)
1989: SK Rapid Wien - FC Brugge 4:3 (0:1)
1989: SK Rapid Wien - FC Luttich 1:0 (0:0)
1990: SK Rapid Wien - Inter Mailand 2:1 (0:1)
1992: FK Austria Wien - FC Brugge 3:1 (0:0)
1997: SK Rapid Wien - 1. FC Brunn 6:1 (2:0)
2000: FK Roter Stern Belgrad - Leicester City 3:1 (1:1)
2001: SK Rapid Wien - FK Partizan Belgrad 5:1 (2:0)
2005: SK Rapid Wien - Lokomotive Moskau 1:1 (0:1)
2009: SK Rapid Wien - Aston Villa 1:0 (1:0)
2010: SK Rapid Wien - Aston Villa 1:1 (0:1)
References
Football stadiums in Austria
Buildings and structures in Vienna
FC Twente

FC Twente is a football club from Enschede in the Netherlands. They play in the Eredivisie and also in the UEFA Champions League.
Twente plays its games in the Grolsch Veste (a capacity of 30 000).
FC Twente currently holds the national cup and the Johan Cruijff Schaal. In season 2010/11 they ended second in the league.
History
FC Twente was founded on 1 July 1965 as a combination of Sportclub Enschede and Enschedes Boys. The two professional football teams in Enschede at that time (Sportclub Enschede and Enschedese Boys) had both money problems and were forced to merge. FC Twente started in the Eredivisie (highest Dutch league) and within a few years they were part of the top of Dutch football. Between 1970 and 1980 they came close to several prizes, but they always lost the final. In 1974 the ended second in the Eredivisie and in 1975 the lost the Dutch cup final as well as the UEFA Cup final (after beating Juventus in the semi-final). Only in 1978 they won the Dutch Cup (by beating PEC Zwolle in the final with 3-0). In the next decade (1980-1990) the club went down hill, with the relegation to the Eerste Divisie (second tier of Dutch football) in 1983 as all-time low. Twente was back in the Eredivisie within a year however. In the nineties Twente played a modest role in Dutch football, usually ending around the 5th place in the Eredivisie.
In the first decade of the 21st century the golden era started. In 2001 FC Twente won the Dutch cup by beating PSV Eindhoven in the final with a penalty shootout. This victory caused huge celebrations in the eastern part of the Netherlands. This showed the popularity of the club in the region, eventhough FC Twente almost never wins a prize. In 2003 the club almost went bankrupt and Joop Munsterman took over as chairman. He understood the potential of this club and developed a plan to increase the sportive, economic and social capacity of Twente. In 2008 the stadium size was increased from 13,500 to 24,000 seats. In 2011 the stadium was further increased to 30,000 seats. FC Twente again played on the top of the Dutch league, resulting in their first national title in 2010. Also the Intertoto Cup was won in 2006, the Johan Cruijff Schaal was won in 2010 and 2011 and the Dutch cup in 2011. In these years FC Twente also started a social programm to help unemployed people to find a job, encourage handicaped people to do sports and to give away free seats in the stadium to people that cannot afford a ticket.
Trophies
Champion of the Netherlands (1)
2009-10
(runner up (4): 1973-74, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2010-11)
Dutch Cup (3)
1978, 2001, 2011
(runner up (4): 1975, 1979, 2003, 2009)
Dutch Super cup (2)
2010, 2011
(runner up (1): 2001)
UEFA Cup
(runner up (1): 1975)
Intertoto Cup (1)
2006
Current squad
For recent transfers, see List of Dutch football transfers winter 2011-12 and List of Dutch football transfers summer 2012.
Out on loan
Dutch football clubs
Enschede
Sud-Est (development region)

Sud-Est (South East) is a development region in Romania.
Source:
References
Development regions of Romania
White River, South Dakota

White River (Lakota: Makhizita wakpa; "White Dirt River") is a city in and the county seat of Mellette County. South Dakota, United States. The population was 581 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in South Dakota
County seats in South Dakota
39th G8 summit

The 39th G8 summit took place in Northern Ireland on 17th and 18th June 2013. The meeting was at the Lough Erne Golf Resort in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland
In the Queen's speech at the state opening of Parliament in 2012, Elizabeth II said that "my government will use this opportunity to promote international security and prosperity."
History
The gathering of the Group of Eight (G8) will be the 39th meeting in a series which began in 1976.
Previous G8 summits have been hosted by the United Kingdom at London (1977, 1984, 1991) and Birmingham (1998) in England. The 2005 summit was in Scotland at Gleneagles.
The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process. The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.
Participants
The participants will be the "core members" of the group:
Invited leaders
A number of national leaders are traditionally invited to attend the summit. They are asked to participate in some, but not all, G8 summit activities.
Schedule and agenda
The summit meetings are intended as a way to resolve differences among the G8 members.
Traditionally, the host country sets the agenda. As host, Prime Minister Cameron is expected to try to change the G8. He has criticised costs and questioned the value of G8 meetings.
Discussions at the 39th G8 summit will include some issues which remain unresolved from previous summits.
The G8 discussions will be about a range of topics, including
Food security
Nutrition
Sexual violence in armed conflict
Protesters and demonstrations
Because of the nature of the summit, protest groups and other activists usually attend. The planning for the summit includes how to deal with these groups.
Britain's leading aid groups and charities are planning a "propaganda offensive" which hopes to affect the food-dominated agenda for the G8.
Related pages
List of G8 summits
References
Other websites
University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
39
2013 in the United Kingdom
History of Northern Ireland
Whitney North Seymour Jr.

Whitney North Seymour Jr. (July 7, 1923 - June 29, 2019) was an American Republican politician and attorney. He was in the New York State Senate from 1966 to 1968 and as United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1970 to 1973. He also co-founded the Natural Resources Defense Council. He was born in Huntington, West Virginia.
Seymour Jr. died on June 29, 2019 at a hospital in Torrington, Connecticut at the age of 95.
References
1923 births
2019 deaths
Lawyers from West Virginia
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from West Virginia
People from Huntington, West Virginia
Politicians from New York (state)
Politicians from Connecticut
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Connecticut
Lawyers from New York (state)
Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek was an Indo-European language spoken in Ancient Greece from about 1500 BC to about 300 BC. Ancient Greek and Latin are very important languages. Although they are no longer spoken, they influenced almost all modern European languages.
Greek had many different dialects. Attic Greek was spoken in Athens, the largest city, and the rest of the region of Attica. It was thought to be the purest form of Greek. Later, in the educated Roman world, children were taught Greek as a second language, just as many people now learn English as their second language. Koine Greek was the common language of Greeks. It was Attic Greek mixed with several other dialects.
Homer spoke and wrote in an old dialect that was somewhat different from Attic Greek. The Iliad and the Odyssey are long poems that tell exciting stories about warfare, travel and the Greek gods. In the 5th century BC, some great plays were written by Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. The Golden Age of Ancient Greece inspired literature that has been read for centuries.
Attic Greek
Attic Greek was the dialect that was spoken in Athens and the rest of the region of Attica. It was the dialect most similar to later forms of Greek since it was the standard form of the language. It is studied in Ancient Greek courses because it was the most common dialect.
Changes
All languages change with time, and Greek has changed a great deal over 2500 years. Modern Greek is often said to have started in 1453 AD after Mediedval Greek was spoken.
Unlike Latin, Ancient Greek did not split into many languages, but it is still considered to be a separate language from Modern Greek. The pronunciation has changed; for instance, beta was pronounced "b" in Ancient Greek, but it is pronounced "v" and is called "vita" in Modern Greek. The spelling has not changed much, which gives the appearance of less change than has actually happened. Also, many different vowels and diphthongs merged into "i", the vowel sound in the English word "ski". The tonal system of Ancient Greek has disappeared, but Modern Greek had only recently changed its spelling to match that change.
Despite those changes, much of the language has remarkably survived intact through the centuries. There is a community near Trabzon, Turkey, that speaks a dialect that is closer to Ancient Greek than to Standard Modern Greek.
Related pages
Greek alphabet
Greek language
References
Greek language
Ancient Greece
Tahiti rail

The Tahiti rail (Gallirallus pacificus), also known as the Tahiti red-billed rail, or Pacific red-billed rail, is an extinct species of rail. It once lived on Tahiti. The second voyage of James Cook in 1773 got one. It was described by Johann Reinhold Forster and painted by his son, Georg. The Tahitian name was ebona or omna.
Name
Due to confusion about the name, the name Rallus ecaudatus was commonly used in the mid-late 20th century to refer to this bird. This is, however, in error, as the name is a subspecies of the buff-banded rail. Today it is known as Gallirallus philippensis ecaudatus. Also, at least once, the Tahitian bird has been referred to by the scientific name of the Samoan wood rail, Gallinula pacifica, in a major scientific work.
Extinction
Not much is known about the bird's extinction. One idea is that the bird might have been prey to other species. The bird's habitat had active volcanos.
Sources
Database entry of the bird includes justification for why this species is extinct.
Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1879): [Description of Gallirallus pacificus]. In: Systema Naturae (13th edition) 1, part 2: 717.
Flightless birds
Extinct birds
Rallidae
Itapotihyla

Itapotihyla is a genus of frogs. It is in the family Hylidae. It is monotypic. This means there is only one species in Itapotihyla: Itapotihyla langsdorffii. It is called the ocellated treefrog in English. Most of these frogs live in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, but a few more live in eastern Paraguay, other parts of Brazil, and northeastern Argentina.
Frog
Itapotihyla langsdorffii is large for a tree frog. The male frogs and female frogs look different. The adult female frog is larger. Most are from nose to rear end and the male frogs are long.
Eggs
These frogs lay eggs in bodies of water in the rainforest. Sometimes they lay eggs in bodies of water that dry up. Sometimes they lay eggs in bodies of water that are there all year. This frog is an explosive breeder. That means it has many, many young at the same time. The female frogs lay 6000 eggs at a time, on average. The males sing very loud for the females. Sometimes the male frogs grab and push and fight each other. This is strange for frogs. In most frogs, the males fight each other in species where males are bigger than females.
Food and threats
This frog eats animals with bones on the outside, for example grasshoppers and crickets. It sometimes eats animals with spines, for example other frogs like Physalaemus crombiei and Scinax argyreornatus, or even birds. Scientists know because they found bones and feathers in the frogs' stomachs. Snakes, for example Chironius bicarinatus, a colubrid, eat this frog.
Home
Itapotihyla langsdorffii lives in trees in rainforests. It only lives in places that human beings have not changed. The Itapotihyla langsdorffii that live in Paraguay are dying because of habitat loss but the ones in Brazil are not.
References
Frogs of South America
Archetype

In psychology, an archetype is a model of a person, personality, or behavior.
In the analysis of personality, the term archetype is often broadly used to refer to
a stereotype--personality type observed multiple times, especially an oversimplification of such a type; or
an epitome--personality type exemplified, especially the "greatest" such example.
But in a strict linguistic sense, an archetype is merely a defining example of a personality type. In this sense "mother figure" can be considered an archetype and instances can be found in various female characters with distinct personalities.
Archetypes have been present in mythology and literature for hundreds of years. The use of archetypes to analyze personality was advanced by Carl Jung early in the 20th century. The value in using archetypal characters in fiction derives from the fact that a large group of people are able to unconsciously recognize the archetype, and thus the motivations, behind the character's behavior.
Etymology
The word archetype appeared in European texts as early as 1545. It derives from the Latin noun archetypum via the Greek noun arkhetypon and adjective arkhetypos, meaning "first-moulded". The Greek roots are arkhe- ("first" or "original") + typos ("model", "type", "blow", "mark of a blow").
References
Jung, C. G., (1934-1954). The Archetypes and The Collective Unconscious. (1981 2nd ed. Collected Works Vol.9 Part 1), Princeton, N.J.: Bollingen.
Arrien, Angeles (1992). Signs Of Life: The Five Universal Shapes And How To Use Them. Sonoma, CA, USA: Arcus Publishing Company.
Notes
Other websites
Einfuhrung in die Archetypen des Unbewussten nach C.G. Jung
Psychology
Vaala

Vaala is a municipality in North Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 3,195 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kajaani, Liminka, Muhos, Paltamo, Puolanka, Siikalatva and Utajarvi.
Previously, Vaala was part of the Kainuu region but was changed to Northern Ostrobothnia on 1 January 2016.
Other websites
Municipality
Municipalities of North Ostrobothnia
Norodom Yuvaneath

Prince Norodom Yuvaneath (, October 17, 1943 - January 13, 2021) was a Cambodian royal. He was the first son of the late king of Cambodia, Norodom Sihanouk and Princess Sisowath Pongsanmoni. He is the half-brother of the current king, Norodom Sihamoni. Yuvaneath was born in Phnom Penh.
Yuvaneath died on January 13, 2021 in California, aged 77.
References
1943 births
2021 deaths
Cambodian royalty
Pattypan squash

The pattypan squash is a vegetable. It can also be called a "Sunburst Squash", or a "White Squash".
It is part of the squash family. They can be white, yellow, or green.
References
Cucurbitaceae
Vegetables
Subsidiary

A subsidiary is a company that is controlled by its parent company. Even though a subsidiary works on its own, and its purposes are different from that of its parent company, the parent company is in control of its subsidiary.
A company's subsidiary is different from a company's division because a division works together with its parent company. A division's goal is usually similar to that of its parent company, and the division has to use its parent company's name. A subsidiary can use a name different from that of its parent company.
For example, YouTube is a subsidiary of Google, because Google is a search engine, while YouTube is a video sharing website. Google Videos is a division of Google, because Google Videos is a search engine that searches videos on the Internet. This is to match its parent company Google as a search engine. Also, YouTube has an entirely different name and logo from Google's, while Google Videos, as a division, must use Google's name and logo.
Business
Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch is an international non-governmental organization. Its activities include research and advocacy on human rights. The headquarters of the organization is in New York City.
Focus of the organization
Arms trafficking
Land mines
Abortion rights
Freedom of religion
Gay rights and rights of transgender according to the Yogyakarta Principles
Rights of AIDS patients
Safety of civilians in war; opposes use of cluster bombs
Child labor
Child soldiers
Child prostitution
Street children
Genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity
Torture
Extrajudicial killings and abductions
Legal cases against human rights abusers
Trafficking in women and girls
Abolition of capital punishment worldwide
Other websites
Official Website
Organizations in New York City
International organizations
Human rights organizations in the United States
Russian Army (disambiguation)

Russian Army may refer to:
Russian Armed Forces
Russian Ground Forces
Imperial Russian Army, the army of the Russian Empire
Russian Army (1917), Russian army in the interim period between the fall of the Russian Empire and the Bolshevik revolution
Russian Army (1919), White Army during the Russian Civil War under command of Admiral Kolchak.
Russian Army (1920), White Army during the Russian Civil War under command of Pyotr Wrangel.
Red Army, the army of the Soviet Russia and Soviet Union
Russian Liberation Army
Roanoke, Texas

Roanoke is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Romagne, Gironde

Romagne, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
References
Communes in Gironde
Marc Brown (author)

Marc Tolon Brown (born November 25, 1946) is an American author and illustrator of children's books. Brown writes and illustrates the Arthur book series, and is best known for creating the series. He was born in Erie, Pennsylvania.
References
1946 births
Living people
Writers from Pennsylvania
People from Erie, Pennsylvania
Carly Patterson

Carly Rae Patterson (born February 4, 1988 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) was an American gymnast. She was the 2004 Olympic All-Around Champion. After the Olympics, she started working as a singer. She lives in Allen, Texas.
References
1988 births
Living people
American gymnasts
People from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Anizy-le-Grand

Anizy-le-Grand is a new commune in the department of Aisne in the region Hauts-de-France in north France. It was created on 1 January 2019 and is made of the former communes of Anizy-le-Chateau, Faucoucourt and Lizy.
References
2019 establishments in France
Communes in Aisne
Sidamo language

Sidamo, or Sidaama, is a Cushitic language. It is spoken in Southern Ethiopia by about three million people.
References
Highland East Cushitic languages
Languages of Ethiopia
Parma Calcio 1913

SSD Parma Calcio 1913, commonly known as Parma, is an Italian football club from Parma, Emilia-Romagna. The club currently plays in the Serie A.
Name
1913-1930: Parma FC
1930-1969: Parma AS
1969-2004: Parma AC
2004-2015: Parma FC
2015-Present: SSD Parma Calcio 1913
The current name is "Parma Calcio 1913". Parma is the city they are based in, is the Italian word for association football and 1913 is the year the club was founded.
Current Squad
References
Italian football clubs
F.C.
1913 establishments in Italy
Kim Ungyong

Kim Ung-yong (born 8 March 1962) was a Korean child prodigy. He was able to read and write in Japanese, Korean, German and English before he turned four years old. At the age of four, on 2 November 1967, he answered differential and integral calculus questions on Japanese television, showed that he could speak German, English, Japanese and Korean, and write poetry. Kim was listed in the Guiness Book of World Records under "Highest IQ"; the book guessed the boy's score at "over 200."
Kim was a guest student of physics at Hanyang University from the age of 3 until he was 6. At the age of 7 he was invited to the United States by NASA. He finished his university studies, eventually getting a Ph.D. in physics at Colorado State University before he was 15. In 1974, during his university studies, he began his research work at NASA and continued this work until his return to Korea in 1978.
When he returned to Korea, he decided to switch from physics to civil engineering and eventually received a doctorate in that field. Kim was offered the chance to study at the most prestigious universities in Korea, but instead chose to attend a provincial university.
As of 2007 he also serves as adjunct faculty at Chungbuk National University.
Related pages
child prodigy
genius
multilingualism
References
Other websites
Time magazine article mentioning Ung-Yong
Article in Korean mentioning Kim Ung-Yong (Currently Working as the Leader of the Compensation Department of the Chungcheongbuk-do Government Office of Development)
Child prodigies
South Korean people
1963 births
Living people
Laurie Smith Camp

Laurie Smith Camp (November 28, 1953 - September 23, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. In 2001, she was nominated as a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska by President George W. Bush. Camp was born in Omaha, Nebraska. From 2011 to 2018, she became Chief Justice.
Camp died suddenly on September 23, 2020 in Omaha at the age of 66.
References
1953 births
2020 deaths
American judges
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska
Saptari 4 (constituency)

Saptari 4 () is one of four parliamentary constituencies of Saptari District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
Incorporate
Saptari 4 incorporates Surunga Municipality, Khadak Municipality, Bode Barsain Municipality and Balan Bihul Rural Municipality.
Assembly segments
It encompasses the following Madhesh Provincial Assembly segment
Saptari 4(A)
Saptari 4(B)
Members of Parliament
Parliament/Constituent Assembly
Provincial Assembly
4(A)
4(B)
References
Parliamentary constituencies of Nepal
Yasushi Fukunaga

is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="7"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||26||4||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|1996||28||6||4||1||13||2||45||9
|-
|1997||0||0||2||1||5||0||7||1
|-
|1998||31||4||0||0||3||2||34||6
|-
|1999||14||3||0||0||2||1||16||4
|-
|2000||J. League 2||22||9||4||0||2||0||28||9
|-
|2001||J. League 1||9||0||0||0||1||0||10||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||6||0||0||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|2003||7||0||0||0||1||0||8||0
143||26||13||2||27||5||183||33
143||26||13||2||27||5||183||33
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
1980 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1980 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1980, and ended on November 30, 1980. This season had about average activity with 15 storms, of which 11 got named. This season featured the very powerful Hurricane Allen.
Storms
Tropical Depression One
Hurricane Allen
Hurricane Bonnie
Tropical Depression Four
Hurricane Charley
Tropical Depression Six
Tropical Storm Danielle
Hurricane Earl
Hurricane Frances
Hurricane Georges
Tropical Storm Hermine
Hurricane Ivan
Hurricane Jeanne
Tropical Depression Fourteen
Hurricane Karl
Unused names
Retirement
In the spring of 1981 the name "Allen" was retired and replaced by Andrew in 1986.
Other websites
Monthly Weather Review
1980
Atlantic hurricane season
1980s in weather
Preben Hertoft

Preben Hertoft (5 January 1928 - February 2017) was a Danish psychiatrist and professor in medical sexology, senior doctorate in medicine.
Hertoft worked over 40 years as a sexologist doing research, treatment, counseling and education.
In 1986 he founded the first medical centre for sexology in Denmark. Most of the time he had heterosexual and homosexual patients with sexual problems in therapy, but he also treated and counselled transvestites and pedophiles.
References
Other websites
The Society for the Scientific Study of Sex
1928 births
2017 deaths
Danish academics
Danish physicians
Psychiatrists
Sexologists
Russell Springs, Kentucky

Russell Springs is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Archway tube station

Archway tube station is a London Underground station in north London, underneath the Archway Tower, at the intersection of Holloway Road, Highgate Hill and Junction Road in the area known as Archway.
It is on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, between Highgate and Tufnell Park. It is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3.
Gallery
References
Other websites
London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive
Archway station on Multimap
Northern line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Islington
London Travelcard zone 2
London Travelcard zone 3
The Fifth Estate (movie)

The Fifth Estate is a 2013 drama-thriller movie based on the real life events of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. It stars Benedict Cumberbatch, Laura Linney, and Stanley Tucci. It was released on October 18, 2013 to negative reviews.
2013 movies
American drama movies
American thriller movies
Piet Brand

Piet Brand (30 June 1904 - 20 September 1981) was a Dutch boxer from Rotterdam. He competed in the light heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions including under contract in the United States. He fought between 1922 and 1934 and became multiple times national champion.
Career
Brand made his debut on 24 May 1922 in Rotterdam against Moup Van Ploegh and won. During his career he had 74 fights, winning 40 of them (26 losses, 8 draws).
In March 1926 Brand became national champion in the light heavyweight category after winning met a knock out from Herman van 't Hof. The next year, in April 1927 he defended succesfully his national title in a match against Arie van Vliet after the match was stopped due to medical concertns of the ear of Van Vliet. In 1928 Brand became national light heavyweight champion, after Herman van 't Hof failed to defend the title.
In 1929 Brand signed a contract with American boxing manager Tom O'Rourke for three years. However, Brand was only able to get a visa for half a year. During these six months in the United States he fought in Bronx against Ralph Ficucello and in Philadelphia against Billy Jones, Matt Adgie and Tiger Jack Payne.
In April 1934 Brand became national champion, after winning from Rienus de Boer.
Personal life
Brand was born on 30 June 1904. During his stay in the United States in 1930 he got engaged with Dutch swimmer To de Jel (1906-1992). After having had their reception in October 1930, they married on 29 January 1931. Brand had a thrift shop at the "Jagthuisstraat" in Rotterdam. Brand died on 20 September 1981 at the age of 77. He is burried in Voorburg, together with his wife who died eleven years later in 1992.
References
Other websites
Dutch newspaper articles -- via Delpher
Dutch boxers
1904 births
1981 deaths
Sportspeople from Rotterdam
Sybil Ludington

Sybil Ludington (April 5, 1761 - February 26, 1839) was a heroine of the American Revolutionary War. She was the daughter of Colonel Henry Ludington. In 1773 he joined the rebel cause. He was the colonel of the local regiment. Sybil Ludington became famous for her night ride on April 26, 1777 to alert American colonial forces to the approach of the British Regulars. Her action was similar to the ride of Paul Revere. She rode more than twice the distance of Revere. She was only 16 years old at the time of her ride.
References
American revolutionaries
American Revolutionary War
Yochanan Vollach

Yochanan Vollach (), also transliterated Jochanan Wallach or Yohanan Wallach, born 14 May 1945) is a former Israeli football player who played at: Hapoel Haifa, Maccabi Haifa, HKFC.
He was a member of the Israeli national team that competed at the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
At 1979 he retired and volunteered as general manager of Maccabi Haifa. Vollach was the Major reason for Maccabi's success.
Vollach has a master's degree in business administration from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and is a retired Major in the IDF.
In recognition of his extensive volunteering to the sporting community as well as business success, he was awarded honorary citizenship by the city of Haifa, in 1993.
Today, Vollach is president of the Maccabi Haifa association and president and CEO of Newlog, a subsidiary of Israeli shipping magnate Zim.
Trophies won
Maccabi Haifa & Hapoel Haifa:
4 x Israeli cup (1966, 1974, 1991, 1993), (1985 runners up)
3 x Israeli title (1984, 1985, 1991)
1 x Israeli Championship of the Champions Cup (1985)
1 x Head of the house in the Intertoto home stage with Maccabi Haifa (1985)
1 x IDF title (1965)
Maccabi Haifa youth team:
4 x Israeli youth title (1979, 1983, 1984, 1991)
3 x Israeli youth cup (1980, 1991, 1993)
1 x Israeli Championship of the Champions Cup (1984)
Major honours
Best XI in Israel (4 times, determined by Hadashot haSport and Yedioth Ahronoth)
Fair play award in Israel (3 times)
Hapoel Haifa Best XI All time
Israel Golden Jubilee Awards: Haifa Best XI
Israel Golden Jubilee Awards: Haifa Best Defender (All Time)
Honorary citizen of the City of Haifa
1945 births
Living people
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli footballers
Israeli military people
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Jewish military people
Majors
Moody, Alabama

Moody is a city in Alabama in the United States. At the 2010 census, it had about 11,700 people living there.
Cities in Alabama
Chaturanga

Chaturanga is the earliest known form of chess, 6th century AD.
This precursor of modern chess originated in the northern Indian subcontinent during the Gupta empire. 'Chaturanga' translates as 'the four divisions', meaning infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry. They were the four divisions of an Indian army at the time, and no doubt the game was thought of as a war-game. At that time the game had no female piece: what we now call the queen was called Mantri, meaning a minister or advisor.
The game eventually spread to the rest of the world after the Muslim conquest of Persia. It was then called Shatranj.
From the beginning until the end of the 15th century the pieces we call bishops and queens had limited movement, and it took longer to get the pieces into action. In modern chess, the original pieces evolved into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.p173; p74
References
Chess variants
6th-century works
Saunderstown, Rhode Island

Saunderstown is a small village and historic district in the towns of Narragansett and North Kingstown in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. Its population is 6,245.
References
Villages in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places
Papurana aurata

The Papurana aurata is a frog from Indonesia and New Guinea.
Scientists say this frog looks like Rana volkerjane.
References
Frogs of Oceania
The Opposite Sex and How to Live with Them

The Opposite Sex and How to Live with Them is a 1993 American comedy movie directed by Matthew Meshekoff. It stars Courteney Cox, Arye Gross, Kevin Pollak, Connie Sawyer, Susan Cookson, Julie Brown, Steven Brill, Amanda Foreman, Kimberlin Brown, Lisa Waltz and was distributed by Miramax Films.
Other websites
1993 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Miramax movies
Movies set in Boston