pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Davies (historian)

John Davies (25 April 1938 - 16 February 2015) was a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster. He worked for the BBC during his entire career.
Davies died at the age of 76.
Books
Cardiff and the Marquesses of Bute, (Writers of Wales), University of Wales Press, January 1980,
A History of Wales, Penguin, 1994, (Revised edition 2007, )
Broadcasting and the BBC in Wales, University of Wales Press, 1994,
The Making of Wales, The History Press, 2nd edition printing: Oct 1, 2009,
The Celts, Cassell & Co, 2000
The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales, University of Wales Press, April 17, 2008,
Wales: 100 Places to See Before You Die (with Marian Delyth), Y Lolfa, 2010,
References
1938 births
2015 deaths
British historians
British television presenters
Writers from Glamorgan
I'll Be Over You

"I'll Be Over You" is a 1986 song by American rock band Toto. It was released as the lead single to their sixth studio album Fahrenheit and went to number 11 in the United States, number 13 in Canada and number 38 in the Netherlands.
Track listing
"I'll Be Over You"
"In a Word" - Non-album track, later released on Toto XX
References
1986 songs
Toto (band) songs
Soft rock songs
Canteloup, Calvados

Canteloup, Calvados is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
NGC 723

NGC 723 is a spiral galaxy in the Cetus constellation. It is about 65 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Spiral galaxies
Zilupe

Zilupe is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1931.
Towns in Latvia
A Touch of Class (movie)

A Touch of Class is a 1973 British romantic comedy movie directed by Melvin Frank and stars Glenda Jackson, George Segal, Paul Sorvino, K Callan, Simon Rouse. It was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 5 Oscars and won for Best Actress in 1974.
Other websites
1973 romantic comedy movies
British romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Melvin Frank
Warner Bros. movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies set in England
Movies set in Spain
Ribeaucourt, Somme

Ribeaucourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Szarlota Pawel

Eugenia Szarlota Pawel-Kroll (1947 - 7 September 2018) was a Polish comic book artist. She was known as the creator of the popular series about Kleks. She was born in Warsaw.
Pawel died of colorectal cancer on 7 September 2018 in Warsaw at the age of 71.
References
1947 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Cancer deaths in Poland
Polish artists
People from Warsaw
Dirham

Dirham is a unit of currency in several Arabic-speaking nations, including:
The Moroccan dirham
The United Arab Emirates dirham
1/1000 of the Libyan dinar
1/100 of the Qatari riyal
1/10 of the Jordanian dinar
The dirham, spelt 'diram,' is 1/100 of the Tajikistani somoni.
Historically, the word "dirham" is comes from 'dirhem' which comes from the name of a Greek coin, the Drachm; the Byzantine Empire controlled the Levant and traded with Arabia, circulating the coin there in pre-Islamic times and afterward. It was this currency which was first used as an Arab word. Near the end of the 7th century, the coin became an Islamic currency. It had the name of the sovereign and a religious verse on it. The dirham was used by many Mediterranean countries, including Spain. It could be used as currency in Europe between the 10th and 12 centuries.
Similar currencies
The Armenian dram is a currency whose name bears a similar origin. The dinar is a currency used in the Muslim world but originating with the Romans.
Currency of Africa
Currency of Asia
Currency of Europe
Bazilije Pandžić

Bazilije Stjepan Pandzic (30 January 1918 - 16 April 2019) was a Croatian historian, archivist and orientalist. He entered the Franciscan Order in 1935 and was became a priest in 1941. From 1947 to 1985, he was the general archivist and analyst of the Franciscan Order in Rome.
In 1958, he was named vice-president of the International Association of Church Archives. He turned 100 in January 2018.
References
1918 births
2019 deaths
Croatian writers
Yugoslavian historians
Centenarians
Stichtse Vecht

Stichtse Vecht is a municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht. In 2019, 64,336 people lived there.
It was created on 1 January 2011 from the former municipalities of Breukelen, Loenen, and Maarssen.
2011 establishments in the Netherlands
Thai boxing

Thai boxing (or Muay Thai) is a combat sport (martial art) that has been developed in Thailand. It is known also as "the art of eight limbs", because both hands, elbows, knees, and legs can be used to attack an opponent. Similar martial arts exist in Cambodia, Laos, Burma and Malaysia.
In the competition, the high kicks in the head can seem to make a stronger effect. In spite of this, the persons with special skills and knowledge of this sport declare that the low kicks, the elbows, and the knees are more effective or forceful for the persons who fight.
A person, who takes part in the competition, does the long ceremony and the act established by custom before the fight. They exist for religious reasons, and they serve as stretching the muscles and as preparation.
The training for Thai boxing is known for its being strong and its firmness, with modern workouts including both strength and cardio. Strength workouts include weightlifting and dumbbells, while cardio includes running. Some fighters will even train by kicking hard objects such as metal poles. It aims to harden the eight members of the body, so that being hit with the shinbone of the Thai boxer is often compared to being hit with a baseball stick. The Thai boxers usually kick with the shinbone instead of with the foot.
Thai boxing has influenced a lot on developing of kickboxing which afterwards has been created in Japan, in Europe, and in North America and some parts of Africa
Almost every act of moving in Thai boxing use the whole body, while turning the hip to every kick and every blow with the fist. As a result, the attacks and the defense in Thai boxing are slower but more powerful for example than those of boxing or of karate.
Other websites
Thai Boxing
FeelThailand Muay Thai Muay Boran
world amateur kickboxing organization (W.A.S.K.O. kickboxing & muay thai)
Thai Boxing at Muay Thai NYC Camp
Martial arts
Brissago-Valtravaglia

Brissago-Valtravaglia is a comune in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Settlements in Lombardy
Skinnskatteberg

Skinnskatteberg is an urban area in the county of Vastmanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Skinnskatteberg Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Vastmanland County
Lough Neagh

Lough Neagh is a lake in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. It is the biggest lake in Ireland and it is also the biggest lake in the United Kingdom. It is the only lake on the islands that a person cannot see the other side.
Folklore
In Irish mythology a giant called Fionn mac Cumhaill (finn mick cool) was fighting with a Scottish giant and he picked up a big stone to throw at the Scottish giant but he missed. The stone landed half way between Ulster and Wales and it became an island known as the Isle of Man. The hole in the ground where stone stone had been, filled up with water and became Lough Neagh.
References
Lakes of the United Kingdom
Geography of Northern Ireland
Tonopen

The Tono-Pen is a handheld device that's shaped like a large marker. A doctor can touch this device to your eye to measure the pressure. Pressure in the eyes greater than 22 [mm Hg] is considered higher than normal and can indicate ocular hypertension. While ocular hypertension is not an eye disease in itself, it is an indication that you could develop glaucoma.
Medical equipment
Baneh

Baneh (, , ) is a city in Iran. It is the capital of Baneh County in the Kurdistan region.
Kurdistan Province
Cities in Iran
György Ligeti

Gyorgy Sandor Ligeti (28 May 1923 - 12 June 2006) was a composer from Hungary. He was an important composer of avant-garde music. His music influenced many other composers. Some of his most famous works are an opera called Le Grand Macabre, a piece for orchestra called Atmospheres, a piece for choirs called Lux Aeterna, and a Requiem. Stanley Kubrick used parts of Atmospheres, Lux Aeterna, and the Requiem for the soundtrack of his movie 2001: A Space Odyssey. Many other movies use pieces of Ligeti's music on their soundtracks.
Early life
Ligeti was born in Transylvania. His family were Hungarian Jews. His father and his brother died in the Holocaust. After World War II he studied music in Budapest at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music. He was a music teacher at the Franz Liszt Academy from 1950 to 1956. He also composed music at that time. Much of his music then was influenced by Hungarian folk music. He was also influenced by the music of Bela Bartok, another Hungarian composer.
In 1956, the Soviet Union invaded Hungary. Ligeti decided to leave Hungary. He went to Vienna in Austria. He became a citizen of Austria but he also lived in Germany and in other countries. He composed his own music and he also taught other people how to compose music. He taught music composition in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stanford University in America, and at an important music school in Hamburg, Germany called the Hochschule fur Musik und Theater. He retired from the Hamburg music school in 1989. Then he went back to live in Vienna. After 2000 his health was not good. Ligeti died in Vienna at the age of 83.
Ligeti was married two times. His first wife was Brigitte Low. They were married in 1949. They were divorced in 1952. His second wife was Vera Spitz. He married her in 1952. She is a psychologist. Their son Lukas, born in 1965, is a composer.
Music
Some of Ligeti's important pieces of music are:
Artikulation, electronic music. He composed it in 1958
Atmospheres, music for a full orchestra. He composed it in 1961
Aventures and Nouvelles Aventures, music for singers and a small orchestra. The music has other strange sounds. The orchestra players also smash plates, bang on furniture, and pop paper bags. He composed these pieces between 1962 and 1965.
Requiem, music for solo singers (a soprano and a mezzo-soprano), two choirs of men and women, and an orchestra with many percussion instruments. He composed it in 1965.
Lux Aeterna, music for a choir of 16 men and women. He composed it in 1966.
Magyar Etudok, music for a choir of 16 men and women. The words are from Hungarian poems. He composed it in 1966.
Continuum, music for harpsichord. He composed it in 1968,
Le Grand Macabre, an opera. It was performed for the first time in Stockholm in 1978. It has been performed in many other countries. He made big changes to the opera in 1997.
Hamburg Concerto, a concerto for a solo horn and a small orchestra with four more horns. It has six parts. He composed it in 1999
References
1923 births
2006 deaths
20th-century composers
21st-century composers
Hungarian composers
Bassignana

Bassignana is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Ziegfeld Follies

[[File:Bessie Clayton03.JPG|thumb|right|200px|The dancer Bessie Clayton was, like many of the girls, quite small by modern standards (5' 1)]]
The Ziegfeld Follies were a series of elaborate theatrical productions on Broadway in New York City from 1907 through 1931, with renewals in 1934 and 1936. The Ziegfeld Follies were inspired by the Folies Bergere of Paris. They were conceived and mounted by Florenz Ziegfeld. The show producers were Klaw & Erlanger, the top turn-of-the-twentieth-century showmen.
History
The Follies were lavish variety shows, something like music hall or high class Vaudeville. Many of the top entertainers of the era appeared in the shows. The list includes W. C. Fields, Eddie Cantor, Josephine Baker, Fanny Brice, Ann Pennington, Bert Williams, Eva Tanguay, Bob Hope, Will Rogers, Ruth Etting, Ray Bolger, Helen Morgan, Louise Brooks, Marilyn Miller, Ed Wynn, Gilda Gray, Nora Bayes, Sophie Tucker. The Ziegfeld Follies also were famous for many, beautiful chorus girls commonly known as Ziegfeld girls, usually wearing elaborate costumes by designers such as Erte, Lady Duff Gordon or Ben Ali Haggin. The first Follies was produced in 1907 at the roof theatre Jardin de Paris.
The Ziegfeld girls "paraded up and down flights of stairs as anything from birds to battleships." The "Tableau vivants" were designed by Ben Ali Haggin from 1917 to 1925. Joseph Urban was the scenic designer for the Follies shows starting in 1915.
After Ziegfeld's death, his widow Billie Burke, authorized use of his name for Ziegfeld Follies in 1934 and 1936 to Jake Shubert, who then produced the Follies. When later it toured, the 1934 edition was recorded in its entirety, from the Overture to Play-out music. First issued as a series of 78 rpm discs, the recording was later released as a compact disc (1997).
Media
They became a radio program in 1932 and 1936 as The Ziegfeld Follies of the Air. The 1936 Academy Award Best Picture winner was M-G-M's The Great Ziegfeld'', starring William Powell as the master showman and co-starring Myrna Loy (as Ziegfeld's second wife Billie Burke),
References
Broadway musicals
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt

Saalfeld-Rudolstadt is a Landkreis (district) in the south of Thuringia, Germany.
History
The district dates back to the Landratsamt Saalfeld, which was created in 1868, and in 1922 it was converted into the Landkreis. Also in 1922 the district Rudolstadt was created. Both districts were merged in the local government changes of 1994.
Coat of arms
Towns and municipalities
References
Other websites
Official website (German)
Rural Districts of Thuringia
Independent record label

An independent record label is a company which musicians can use to make and sell records. These companies are different from major record labels because they are smaller and don't operate under any major businesses.
Examples
Some examples of independent record labels are:
Ambush Reality, which is owned and run by the members of the band Enter Shikari and their friends.
Super Records, which is owned by the band McFly
References
West New Georgia/Vona Vona constituency

West New Georgia/Vona Vona is a constituency of the Solomon Islands. It is in the Western Province.
Election results
References
Solomon Islands parliamentary constituencies
Head of a baby (De Martino)

Head of a baby (which translates to "Testa di bimbo") is an artist's multiple by the Italian artist Giovanni De Martino, made in 1890, in bronze, it measures 26, 15 x 15 x 15 centimeterse.
Description
Giovanni De Martino with "Testa di bimbo" reworks the Neo-Hellenistic balance through the shooting of living models and life portraits.
Museum
Palazzo Zapata, Napoli
Related pages
Giovanni De Martino
Notes
Bibliography
Isabella Valente, Il Bello o il Vero. La Scultura Napoletana del Secondo Ottocento e del Primo Novecento, Basilica e Convento di San Domenico Maggiore, Nicola Longobardi Editore, Napoli, 2014
Luigi Iaccarino, Mimmo Di Guida, Rossella Manzione, Novevento, un secolo di "novecento", tra collezionismo privato ed esposizioni pubbliche, Edizioni Vincent, Napoli, 2010
Other websites
https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1500875437 Giovanni De Martino, Testa di bimbo. Bambino, scultura in bronzo, Beni culturali, cat. n. 1500875437]
Conceptual art
Sculptures by Giovanni De Martino
1890s works
Martian Manhunter

The Martian Manhunter (J'onn J'onzz) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by writer Joseph Samachson and designed by artist Joe Certa. The character first appeared in the story "The Manhunter from Mars" in Detective Comics #225 (Nov. 1955). Martian Manhunter is one of the seven original members of the Justice League of America.
J'onn J'onzz has featured in other DC Comics-endorsed products, such as video games like Injustice: Gods Among Us, television series, animated films, and merchandise like action figures and trading cards. He also appears in the DC Extended Universe, played by Harry Lennix, though he pretends to be General Swanwick and is not shown to be the Martian Manhunter until Zack Snyder's Justice League. The character was ranked #43 on IGN's greatest comic book hero list.
References
DC Comics aliens
DC Comics superheroes
Fictional characters introduced in the 1950s
Fictional shapeshifters
Fictional twins
Connecticut Shotgun

Connecticut Shotgun Manufacturing Co. is an American company that makes guns. It was started in 1975 by Antony S. Galazan in New Britain, Connecticut. At first, the company made small parts for guns. But now, it's known for making expensive and high-quality shotguns.
History
In 1975, Antony S. Galazan started Connecticut Shotgun Manufacturing Company. He learned how to make guns from an Austrian gunmaker in Connecticut. The government visited Galazan because he was making a lot of guns. They told him he needed a license. After getting the license, the company officially started. At the beginning, Galazan made gun parts and sold them. His first product was a tool to measure parts of a gun called a choke and barrel gauge.
By 1989, Galazan was making almost every part of a shotgun. In 1990, he made his first gun. It was a special kind of shotgun called a sidelock over-and-under. He made it like a famous shotgun from Boss & Co. He made this gun in his factory in New Britain, and it was much cheaper than the ones made in London. Other people who made guns saw how good Galazan's work was. In 1992, Connecticut Shotgun got the permission to make A.H. Fox's guns. Galazan made these high-quality shotguns in different sizes. People said his Fox shotguns were even better than the original ones.
In 1994, Connecticut Shotgun started making the Winchester Model 21 again. They bought a shop that used to make these guns. They also fixed old Model 21s. Another company, Remington, asked Galazan to make special Parker shotguns. From the 1990s to the early 2000s, Galazan made more amazing shotguns and better versions of the Fox, Parker, and Winchester guns. The company grew bigger and got more attention. Many skilled workers from different countries joined the team. The company's headquarters moved to a big space in New Britain.
In 2006, Connecticut Shotgun made a good and affordable shotgun called the RBL. They also made other types of shotguns like the Inverness and A-10 American. They started selling B. Rizzini shotguns too.
For a long time, Connecticut Shotgun was known for making special guns. They made limited edition Model 21s, .22 rifles, and big double rifles. They also made other special shotguns like the CSMC Model 21 O/U, CSMC Pointer Superlight, CSMC Superbird, CSMC Revelation, and CSMC G1.
References
Shotguns
Connecticut
Firearm manufacturers
1975 establishments in the United States
Manufacturing companies of the United States
Alterswil

Alterswil is a municipality of the district Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Fribourg
Rolf Bossi

Rolf Bossi (10 September 1923 - 22 December 2015) was a German criminal defense lawyer. He was born in Munich. He was known for defending known actors such as Ingrid van Bergen and Romy Schneider, as well as notable criminals such as Jurgen Bartsch, Dieter Zlof, and Dieter Degowski. He also defended four former East German border guards who were accused of having killed Chris Gueffroy, who was trying to escape over the Berlin wall. He was considered to be one of Germany's best-known defense lawyers.
Bossi died in Munich, Germany from natural causes at the age of 92.
References
1923 births
2015 deaths
German lawyers
Writers from Munich
Big Mac

The Big Mac is a kind of sandwich sold at the fast food-chain McDonald's. It is 550 calories, and is made using two beef patties, Big Mac Sauce, dehydrated onions, shredded lettuce, sliced pickles, and a slice of cheese. Also, the Big Mac Index is measured in how much a Big Mac costs in foreign currencies.
The Big Mac was created by Jim Delligatti, one of Ray Kroc's earliest franchisees, who was the owner of some restaurants in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area. It was designed to compete with a similar Big Boy sandwich. Customer response to the Big Mac was so good that it was begun to be made nationally in 1967. One of its well-known and unique features is a middle slice of bread ("club" layer) used to make sure the contents do not move about and to prevent spills.
References
Other websites
Big Mac at mcdonalds.com
Canadian Website
McDonald's
American food
Sandwiches
Air navigation

Air navigation is navigation while flying. It is used by pilots in aircraft to know their exact position and find their way. That is important because if they get lost, they can hit a mountain or fly into a dangerous area or not find a place to land. There are generally two types of air navigation depending on weather. In good weather, pilots navigate themselves visually with maps. But when the weather is bad and they do not see the ground, they use special radio navigational instruments or the air traffic controller navigates them. The first kind of navigation is called VFR (visual flight rules) navigation. The second is IFR (instrument flight rules) navigation.
Navigation Under VFR
When flying under VFR, or Visual Flight Rules, pilots navigate using purely what they can see outside their aircraft, sometimes using a special map called a sectional. When preparing for a flight they prepare a route going between features labeled on the sectional map, including things like roads, and large structures like windmills. Pilots when flying with VFR are responsible for avoiding other aircraft and terrain.
Navigation Under IFR
When flying under IFR, pilots fly set routes only, following airways and tracks between physical radio beacons and waypoints. While the pilot is still responsible to avoid incident, navigation under IFR is heavily reliant on an Air Traffic Controller's instructions.
Navigation
Aviation
Little Talks

"Little Talks" is a 2011 debut single by Of Monsters and Men. The song came from the album My Head is an Animal.
In August 2012, the song hit #1 in Ireland on the Irish Singles Chart. It also hit #20 on the Billboard Hot 100.
"Little Talks" was later certified platinum in the United States.
2011 songs
Pop songs
Roger Scruton

Sir Roger Vernon Scruton (; 27 February 194412 January 2020) was an English philosopher and conservative writer. He held traditionalist conservative views.
He was the editor from 1982 to 2001 of The Salisbury Review. Scruton wrote over 50 books on philosophy, art, music, politics, literature, culture, sexuality, and religion. His best known works were The Meaning of Conservatism (1980), Sexual Desire (1986), The Aesthetics of Music (1997), and How to Be a Conservative (2014).
He was a regular contributor to the popular media, including The Times, The Spectator, and the New Statesman.
Scruton was born in Buslingthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. He studied at Jesus College, Cambridge. He lived in Brinkworth, Wiltshire, England.
Scruton was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer in July 2019. He died on 12 January 2020 from the disease at his home in Brinkworth at the age of 75.
References
1944 births
2020 deaths
English journalists
Political writers
Political activists
Academics of the University of London
English philosophers
Writers from Lincolnshire
The April Fools

The April Fools is a 1969 American romantic comedy movie directed by Stuart Rosenberg and starring Jack Lemmon, Catherine Deneuve, Jack Weston, Charles Boyer, Sally Kellerman, Myrna Loy, Peter Lawford, Melinda Dillon, Harvey Korman. It was distributed by National General Pictures.
Other websites
1969 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Stuart Rosenberg
Movies set in New York City
Infidelity in movies
Sweet but Psycho

"Sweet but Psycho" is a song recorded by Albanian singer-songwriter Ava Max. It was released on August 17, 2018. Max wrote the song with Madison Love, William Lobban Bean, Andreas Andersen Haukeland, and its producer, Cirkut (known for his work with artists like Katy Perry).
The song has been successful worldwide, reaching number one in the UK, Switzerland, Norway, Finland, and Germany and the top ten in the US.
References
2018 songs
Dance-pop songs
Pop songs
Electropop songs
Ava Max songs
Santiago Jose Sanz Quinto

Santiago Jose Sanz Quinto (born October 22, 1969 in Albatera, Alicante) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a physical disability: He is a T52 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2008 Summer Paralympics. In 2000, he finished second in the 5,000 meter race and third in the 800 meter race. In 2004, he finished second in the 1,500 meter race and third in the 5,000 meter race.
References
Spanish middle-distance runners
Living people
1969 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
People from Alicante
An Outcast of the Islands

An Outcast of the Islands is the second novel by Joseph Conrad. It was published in 1896. It was based on Conrad's experience working on a steamer (ship), the Vigar.
The novel tells about the fall of Peter Willems. He is a bad man, and has a bad reputation. On the run from a scandal in Makassar, he finds a place to hide in a hidden native village. However, he betrays the people who are helping him, because of lust for the tribal chief's daughter. The story features the character Tom Lingard, who Conrad uses lots, and also appears in Almayer's Folly (1895) and The Rescue (1920). It shares other characters with those novels.
This novel was made into a movie in 1952 by director Carol Reed, starring Trevor Howard as Willems, Ralph Richardson as Lingard, Robert Morley, and Wendy Hiller.
The work was quoted in T. S. Eliot's The Hollow Men: "Life is very long.".
1890s books
English-language novels
Works by Joseph Conrad
The Knife (movie)

The Knife () is a 1961 Dutch drama movie directed by Fons Rademakers and was based on the novel by Hugo Claus. It stars Marie-Louise Videc, Reitze van der Linden, Ellen Vogel, Paul Cammermans, Guus Hermus, Cor Witschge, Hetty Beck.
Other websites
1961 drama movies
Dutch drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Fons Rademakers
SEAT Altea

The SEAT Altea is a car produced by SEAT from 2004 to 2015, it was a 5-door compact MPV which gained a larger XL version in late 2006 with the Freetrack appearing a year later in 2007 as SEAT's first SUV, in 2015 after 11 years of production, the Altea was discontinued and was not replaced with another generation. It was indirectly replaced with the Ateca SUV in 2016.
Versions
Engines
Petrol
1.2 TSI 77 kW (105 hp)
1.4 16V 63 kW (85 hp)
1.4 TSI 92 kW (125 hp)
1.6 75 kW (102 hp)
1.8 TSI 118 kW (160 hp)
2.0 FSI 110 kW (150 hp)
2.0 TSI 147 kW (200 hp) and 154 kW (210 hp)
Diesel
1.6 TDI 77 kW (105 hp)
1.9 TDI 66 kW (90 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
2.0 TDI 100 kW (136 hp), 103 kW (140 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
Altea
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Maleficium (sorcery)

Maleficium is a term from Latin. It can be translated as wrongdoing or evil doing, or mischief. It was used to refer to dangerous and harmful magic, and to acts of witchcraft.
Latin phrases
Magic (paranormal)
Sopron District

The Sopron District (; ) is a district in the western part of Gyor-Moson-Sopron County. Sopron is also the name of the district seat in the Sopron District. The Sopron District is located in Western Transdanubia.
Municipalities
The district has 1 urban county, 2 towns, 1 large village and 35 villages. (ordered by population, as of 1 January 2012)
The bolded municipalities are cities, italics municipality is large village.
Related pages
List of cities and towns in Hungary
References
Other websites
Postal codes of the Sopron District
Districts in Gyor-Moson-Sopron County
Tadhg

Tadhg is an Irish masculine given name meaning "poet" or "philosopher".
Tadhg was a very popular name when the Goidelic languages predominated. It was also the name of many Gaelic Irish kings from the 10th to the 16th centuries.But this is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
Pronunciation
Pronounced /taIg/ (similarly to the first syllable of tiger).
Popularity
Tadhg was the 40th most common name for baby boys in Ireland in 2010, according to the Central Statistics Office in Ireland.
References
Given names
Commodity substitution bias

Commodity substitution bias is a problem with the calculation to find the change in an item's price change over time.
It occurs when a new item which costs less is purchased instead of an item that was already available. This problem occurs because the CPI ( Consumer Price Index) is calculated from a "fixed basket" of goods and services. The CPI ignores the substitution of the inexpensive item for the expensive item. So CPI says the price of the expensive item had increased.
References
Economics
Kangen

was a after Ninji and before Hoji. This period started in February 1243 and ended in February 1247. The reigning emperor was .
Events of the Kangen era
1244 (Kangen 2, 4th month): Kujo Yoritsugu had his coming-of-age ceremonies at age 6. In the same month, Yoritsune asked Emperor Go-Saga for permission to make Yoritsugu the new shogun.
11 Septembe 1245 (Kangen 3, 7th month): Yoshitsune shaved his head and became a Buddhist priest.
1246 (Kangen 4, 7th month): Yoritsune's son, now Shogun Yoritsugu (who is only 7 years old) marries the sister of Hojo Tsunetoki.
1246 (Kangen 4): In the 4th year of Go-Saga's reign, the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his 4-year-old son. Soon after, Emperor Go-Fukakusa's role as emperor is confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).
Related pages
Kamakura period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1240s in Japan
Rebecca Koerner

Rebecca Koerner (born 22 September 2000) is a Danish road racing cyclist.
She competed at the 2021 UCI Road World Championships, in the women's road race event and women's time trial event.
She signed a contract with Uno-X Pro Cycling Team for 2022 and 2023.
References
2000 births
Danish cyclists
Living people
Martinpuich

Martinpuich is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Le Bémont

Le Bemont is a municipality of the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Burnett County, Wisconsin

Burnett County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. In 2020, 16,526 people lived there. The county seat is Siren.
References
19th-century establishments in Wisconsin
1865 establishments in the United States
Wisconsin counties
Calixa Lavallée

Calixa Lavallee, (born Quebec, 28 December 1842; died Boston, 21 January 1891), was a Canadian-American composer. For many years he was a travelling musician. Later he worked hard to improve music education in Canada. He is famous for composing the music for the Canadian national anthem "O Canada".
Life
Lavallee was born into a French-Canadian family. Originally his name was Calixte Paquet. His father made musical instruments and played in a band. He learned to play the piano, violin and cornet. He went to the United States and played in a band during the American Civil War. For many years he travelled, playing and teaching. He becamGrand Opera House which put on minstrel shows rather than proper operas. When the theatre closed in 1872 he went back to Montreal. His friends got enough money together to help him go to France to study at the Paris Conservatoire. There he studied under famous teachers including Boieldieu.
When he went back to Canada he wanted to help to improve the state of music education there. He small music school in Quebec but it was always difficult for him to get money from the authorities. He composed the music to "O Canada" which soon became the Canadian national anthem.
Shortly after that he went to the United States again. He became music director of the Roman Catholic cathedral in Boston and became very active with the Music Teachers' National Association. He died of tuberculosis in 1891. In 1933, his remains were taken back to Montreal where they were buried in the cemetery.
His music
Besides the tune to O Canada, Lavallee wrote many works, including some comic operas: Loulou, Tiq and The King of Diamonds. Most of the music that was published consists of his lighter pieces, including a short piece for piano called Papillon (Butterfly) which became extremely popular in North America as well as Europe.
References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980;
1842 births
1891 deaths
Canadian composers
Romantic composers
Maddie Ziegler

Madison Nicole Ziegler (; born September 30, 2002) is an American dancer, actress and author. She is known for appearing on the Lifetime's reality show Dance Moms from 2011 until 2016. She is also known for being in many music videos by Sia, beginning with "Chandelier" and "Elastic Heart". Ziegler was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
References
2002 births
Living people
American dancers
Actors from Pittsburgh
American television actors
American movie actors
American child actors
Writers from Pittsburgh
Models from Pennsylvania
American choreographers
Participants in American reality television series
Singers from Pennsylvania
Hala Ayala

Hala S. Ayala (born 1973) is an American cybersecurity specialist and politician. She represents the 51st district in the Virginia House of Delegates since 2018. She was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in the 2021 election, losing to Republican Winsome Sears.
References
1973 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Alexandria, Virginia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Businesspeople from Virginia
The Thrill Is Gone

"The Thrill Is Gone" is a 1969 slow minor-key blues song written by West coast blues musician Roy Hawkins and Rick Darnell in 1951. Hawkins' recording of the song reached number six in the Billboard R&B chart in 1951. In 1970, "The Thrill Is Gone" became a major hit for B.B. King. Afterwards, many blues and other artists have recorded their versions of the song.
References
1969 songs
Blues music
B.B. King songs
Aretha Franklin songs
Koki Otani

Koki Otani (born 8 April 1989) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds.
Club career statistics
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|2008||rowspan="3"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
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References
Urawa Red Diamonds
1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Kumamoto Prefecture
Robert Gates

Robert Michael Gates (born September 25, 1943) was the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense. He took office on December 18, 2006 under George W. Bush and Barack Obama's administrations until his retirement on July 1, 2011 Prior to this, Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the United States National Security Council. Under President George H. W. Bush, Gates served as Director of Central Intelligence. He was also president of Texas A&M. He is currently Chancellor of the College of William and Mary.
References
1943 births
Living people
Chancellors of the College of William & Mary
United States Secretaries of Defense
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
Politicians from Wichita, Kansas
Presidential Citizens Medal recipients
Dieter Popp

Dieter Popp (24 November 1938 - 27 November 2020) was a West German insurance agent. He worked as a spy between 1969 and 1990. He was born in Bonn. He was a spy for the Military Intelligence Service of the East German National People's Army.
Popp died on 27 November 2020, three days after his 82nd birthday.
References
1938 births
2020 deaths
German businesspeople
Spies
People from Bonn
German politicians
Bret Harte, California

Bret Harte is a census-designated place (CDP) in Stanislaus County, California.
References
Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Stanislaus County, California
Abdul Sattar Edhi

Abdul Sattar Edhi (Memoni, ; 1 January 1928 - 8 July 2016) was a Pakistani philanthropist, social activist, ascetic, and humanitarian. He was the founder and head of the Edhi Foundation in Pakistan. He ran the organization for 60 years. He was known as Angel of Mercy. He was thought to be Pakistan's "most respected" and legendary figure.
In 2013, The Huffington Post said that he might be "the world's greatest living humanitarian."
References
1928 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Asian philanthropists
Pakistani activists
Adobe

Adobe is a building material made from soil and often organic matter. Adobe means mudbrick in Spanish. It can also mean any kind of earth construction.
Adobe is one of the earliest building materials ever used. It is found all over the world. The techniques used in adobe construction have not changed since the 16th century in the Southwestern United States. Because they are not fired in a kiln they never become hard. They shrink and swell as the water content in them changes. Also, as they get wetter, they become weaker.
Adobe does not permanently stick to wood, metal or stone because it moves more than they do. This causes cracks and seperation from other materials. Stone is sometimes used as a foundation and wood for the roof. These are usually held in place by their own weight or the weight of the adobe pressing down on them. But adobe construction is cheap and the materials are usually easy to find.
References
Building materials
Hendersonville, North Carolina

Hendersonville is a city in and the county seat of Henderson County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, 15,137 people live in Hendersonville.
References
Cities in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
Ornithomimidae

Ornithomimidae ("bird-mimics") is a group of theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to modern ostriches. They were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Laurasia (now Asia and North America). Members of the Ornithomimidae include Gallimimus, Archaeornithomimus, Anserimimus, Struthiomimus, and Ornithomimus.
Ornithomimids are a sister group to the troodontids. These groups had many bird-like features, including feathers, but they were not birds.
The skulls of ornithomimids were small, with large eyes, above relatively long and slender necks. All had toothless beaks.
The fore limbs ('arms') were long and slender and bore powerful claws. The hind limbs were long and powerful, with a long foot and short, strong toes terminating in hooflike claws.
Ornithomimids probably acquired most of their calories from plants. Many ornithomimosaurs, including primitive species, have been found with numerous gastroliths in their stomachs, characteristic of herbivores. Henry Fairfield Osborn suggested that the long, sloth-like 'arms' of ornithomimids may have been used to pull down branches on which to feed, an idea supported by further study of their strange, hook-like hands. Ornithomimids probably acquired most of their calories from plants. Many ornithomimosaurs, including primitive species, have been found with numerous gastroliths in their stomachs, characteristic of herbivores.
The sheer abundance of ornithomimids - they are the most common small dinosaurs in North America - is consistent with the idea that they were plant eaters, as herbivores usually outnumber carnivores in an ecosystem. However, they may have been omnivores that ate both plants and small animal prey.
References
Coelurosaurs
List of songs recorded by ABBA

This is a list of songs recorded by ABBA. It is in alphabetical order.
References
ABBA
Crittenden County, Arkansas

Crittenden County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,163. The county seat is Marion. It was founded on October 22, 1825.
References
1825 establishments in Arkansas Territory
Arkansas counties
Milan Šašik

Milan Sasik (17 September 1952 - 14 July 2020) was a Slovak-born Ukrainian Ruthenian Catholic hierarch. He was the Bishop of the Eparchy of Mukacheve from 2002 until his death. He was born in Lehota, Czechoslovakia.
Sasik died on 14 July 2020, aged 67.
References
1952 births
2020 deaths
Slovakian people
Ukrainian Christian clergy
Eastern Catholic bishops
Wikan Satriati

Wikan Satriati (23 June 1975 - 25 April 2021) was an Indonesian children's book author. She was a publishing manager at the Lontar Foundation.
Life
She graduated from Gadjah Mada University. She worked in publishing at the Lontar foundation. As a translator, Wikan translated Harry Aveling's classic study of Indonesian poetry, Secrets Need Words, Indonesian Poetry, 1966-1998 (2001).
She also actively wrote children's books. Among her works are Stepping with Bismillah (2006), Ahmad and his Little Sheep (2016), and the Good Habits and Character Building series (2018).
Wikan died in his hometown of Magelang on April 25, 2021 due to complications from coronavirus.
References
1975 births
2021 deaths
Indonesian writers
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Lourches

Lourches is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 3,952 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Amberg

Amberg () is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is in the Oberpfalz ("Upper Palatinate"), roughly half way between Regensburg and Bayreuth. Population: 44,200 (2001).
Amberg became a center for the mining of iron ore in 1270. In the 1800s a blast furnace was built in the town.
Twin towns
Amberg is twinned with these towns:
, Bad Bergzabern, Rhineland-Palatinate
, Bystrzyca Klodzka (Habelschwerdt),
, Desenzano
, Perigueux
Trikala
, Usti nad Orlici (Wildenschwert)
References
Other websites
Amberg official city website
Baby Driver

Baby Driver is a 2017 action movie written and directed by Edgar Wright. It stars Ansel Elgort as a getaway driver who wants freedom from a life of crime with his girlfriend Debora (Lily James). Kevin Spacey, Jon Hamm, Eiza Gonzalez, Jamie Foxx, and Jon Bernthal appear in supporting roles. The movie was produced by Eric Fellner and his Working Title Films partner Tim Bevan with Nira Park from Big Talk Productions. Sony and TriStar Pictures released the film.
References
2017 movies
2017 action movies
American action movies
British action movies
Movies set in Georgia (U.S. state)
Movies directed by Edgar Wright
Jeep

Jeep is a brand of American automobiles that is a division of FCA US LLC (formerly Chrysler Group, LLC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. The former Chrysler Corporation acquired the Jeep brand, along with the remaining assets of its owner American Motors, in 1987. Jeep's current product range consists solely of sport utility vehicles and off-road vehicles, but has also included pickup trucks in the past.
The original Jeep was the prototype Bantam BRC. Willys MB Jeeps went into production in 1941 specifically for the military. Arguably that makes them the oldest four-wheel drive mass-production vehicles now known as SUVs. The Jeep became the primary light 4-wheel-drive vehicle of the United States Army and the Allies during World War II. It remained so in the postwar period. The term became common worldwide in the wake of the war. Doug Stewart notes:
The spartan, cramped, and unstintingly functional jeep became the ubiquitous World War II four-wheeled personification of Yankee ingenuity and cocky, can-do determination."
The first civilian models were produced in 1945. It inspired a number of other light utility vehicles, such as the Land Rover. Many Jeep variants serving similar military and civilian roles have since been designed in other nations. In 2007 Jeep began manufacturing crossover SUVs with its Compass and Patriot models. This led to the 2013 Jeep Cherokee midsize crossover.
References
American automobile companies
Sport utility vehicles
1941 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Ohio
Toledo, Ohio
Calymmian

The Calymmian is the first geological period in the Mesoproterozoic. It began 1.6 billion years ago and ended at 1.4 billion years ago.
In the period new land was formed. The supercontinent Columbia broke up during the Calymmian about 1.5 billion years ago.
Mesoproterozoic
Arblade-le-Bas

Arblade-le-Bas is a commune in the Gers department. It can be found in the southwestern part of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Gers department
References
Communes in Gers
Kilkenny

Kilkenny () is the county town (seat) of County Kilkenny in Ireland. It is on both banks of the River Nore, at the centre of County Kilkenny in the historic province of Leinster in the south-east of the country. Kilkenny City is administered by a borough council and has a Mayor form of government. The majority of the population of Kilkenny City live outside the borough boundary. It is the smallest city in the country, with only 25,000 people living there.
From being founded by the church, Kilkenny was the ancient capital of the kingdom of Ossory. The town was established, then a city, in 1609 by royal charter. Kilkenny was the capital of Confederate Ireland between 1642 and 1649. The seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Ossory and the Church of Ireland Bishop of Cashel and Ossory are in Kilkenny.
Kilkenny is famous for its medieval building and castle. The town has been referred to as the "Marble City" for centuries. People from Kilkenny are often referred to as 'Cats'.
Sources
County towns in Ireland
County Kilkenny
1609 establishments
Establishments in the Republic of Ireland
1600s establishments in Europe
Seikan Tunnel

The Seikan Tunnel(Ja:Qing Han tonneru)is a railway tunnel in Japan. It connects Hokkaido to Aomori Prefecture. This tunnel is the second longest transport tunnel in the world. The tunnel is 53.85 km (33.49 miles) long. 23.3 km (14.5 mile) of the tunnel is underwater. There are two stations in the tunnel.
History
The means of transportation from Hokkaido to Honshu was the Seikan ship until Seikan tunnel was completed. It took about 3 hours. However, it had some troubles. For example, the sea route was not safe. The Toyamaru accident in 1954 had 1155 dead and some missing people, caused by Typhoon Number 15 Roke. because of that reason, the plan that constructing Seikan Tunnel from Hokkaido to Honshu was becoming a reality. At first, the east route and west route was considered. In the west route, the deepest depth of water was 140 meters and the nature of the soil was easy to drill rocks, so west route was then chosen.
Techniques
The tunnel can be entered by the Shinkansen (bullet train). The inner structure of the tunnel was planned to have three bullet train's rails. Because half of this tunnel is under the bottom of the sea, the workers who built this tunnel were worried about seawater. So, they used new construction techniques. For example, laser measurement, 2150m horizontal drilling, pouring water glass and cement into soft bedrock. These techniques were paid attention to by all of the world at that time. There is still much water, so the seawater that is collected is placed in the tunnel and is pumped out of the tunnel.
Stations
There are two stations in Seikan tunnel. Tappikaitei Station opened in Aza-Minmayatatsuhama, Sotogahama-machi, Higashitsugaru-gun, Aomori on March 13, 1988. And Yoshiokakaitei Station opened in Tatesaki, Fukushima-cho, Matsumae-gun, Hokkaido on March 13, 1988. If passengers have a special ticket, they can get off the train at the stations to look around. These are located in 149.5 meters under the seabed and there are 2247 steps of stairs to the surface. Also, these stations have shelters for train fires and blackouts. Tappikaitei Station and Yoshiokakaitei Station became the service stop each on November 10, 2013 and August 27, 2013. However, these stations were closed on March 15, 2014, because the number of passengers who used these stations, was not a lot.
References
Other websites
Tunnel Website
Tunnels
Buildings and structures in Japan
Hokkaido Prefecture
Aomori Prefecture
Transport in Japan