pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bice del Balzo at the Castle of Rosate

Bice del Balzo at the Castle of Rosate (also known as Bice del Balzo at the Castle of Rosate) is a 19th-century painted in oil on canvas made by Vincenzo Petrocelli, in 1840, in Venice, Italy. The artwork measures centimeters 89 x 102, it is part of the Collection of the Palace of Caserta Museum.
Description
Taken from the novel Marco Visconti by Tommaso Grossi published in 1834, the scene depicted shows Bice del Balzo in the castle of her father, Count Oldrado del Balzo, in 1329. Courted by Marco Visconti but in love with Ottorino, cousin of Marco, she ends up dying from the shenanigans of this last...
Related pages
Palace of Caserta
Vincenzo Petrocelli
References
Other websites
Presentation of the work of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage of the Italian Government
1840s paintings
Italian paintings
Thomas Norton

Thomas Norton (1532 - 10 March 1584) was a lawyer, a statesman, and a politician who wrote Gorboduc, the first English tragedy in blank verse.
Norton was born in London to Thomas Norton, a merchant, and Elizabeth Merry Norton. He went to the University of Cambridge. In 1556, he studied law. He was a Member of Parliament. He was a Calvinist, and tortured Catholics. The English bishops grew to dislike him. He was charged with treason and sent to the Tower of London. He was soon released, but his health had grown poor. In March 1584, he died in his Bedfordshire home.
Norton began to write sonnets and other poems when he was 18. In 1560, he wrote the earliest English tragedy in blank verse, Gorboduc, with Thomas Sackville. He wrote many anti-Catholic pamphlets. He also translated John Calvin's Institutes (1561) and Alexander Nowell's Catechism (1570).
References
1532 births
1584 deaths
English poets
English playwrights
Carlos Gallo

Carlos Roberto Gallo (born 4 March, 1956) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1974||rowspan="10"|Ponte Preta||||0||0
|-
|1975||||0||0
|-
|1976||||0||0
|-
|1977||rowspan="2"|Serie A||19||0
|-
|1978||7||0
|-
|1979||||0||0
|-
|1980||rowspan="4"|Serie A||17||0
|-
|1981||8||0
|-
|1982||14||0
|-
|1983||10||0
|-
|1983||rowspan="6"|Corinthians Paulista||rowspan="6"|Serie A||0||0
|-
|1984||16||0
|-
|1985||25||0
|-
|1986||24||0
|-
|1987||0||0
|-
|1988||0||0
|-
|1988-89||rowspan="2"|Malatyaspor||rowspan="2"|First Football League||0||0
|-
|1989-90||0||0
|-
|1990||rowspan="2"|Atletico Mineiro||rowspan="2"|Serie A||19||0
|-
|1991||21||0
|-
|1991||Guarani||Serie B||0||0
|-
|1992||Palmeiras||Serie A||19||0
|-
|1993||Portuguesa Desportos||Serie A||2||0
201||0
0||0
201||0
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1980||4||0
|-
|1981||2||0
|-
|1982||0||0
|-
|1983||0||0
|-
|1984||0||0
|-
|1985||7||0
|-
|1986||8||0
|-
|1987||8||0
|-
|1988||0||0
|-
|1989||0||0
|-
|1990||0||0
|-
|1991||2||0
|-
|1992||5||0
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
!Total||37||0
|}
References
1956 births
Living people
Brazilian association football goalkeepers
Talladega Springs, Alabama

Talladega Springs is a town in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 166.
References
Towns in Alabama
VirtualBox

VirtualBox is a general-purpose full virtualizer for x86 hardware, targeted at server, desktop and embedded use. Many Operating Systems (OS) work on VirtualBox, For Example, NextStep OS can be installed on Virtual Box.
It is important to note that VirtualBox only provides a virtual (hardware) platform for a virtual computer system. Users of VirtualBox will still need to have their own access to installation source media for the Operating Systems and Software they wish to run using VirtualBox.
References
Technology
Im Sa-hong

Im Sa-hong (imsahong, 1445 - 1506) was a politician and writer and member of the royal family in Joseon Dynasty Korea.
Related pages
Shin Su-geun
Nam Gon
References
Other websites
http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=130494
http://100.daum.net/encyclopedia/view.do?docid=b18a1740a
1445 births
1506 deaths
Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Korean writers
Prince François, Count of Thorigny

Prince Francois of Monaco, Count of Thorigny (Francois Charles; 4 February 1726 - 9 December 1743) was a Monegasque prince and member of the House of Grimaldi. He was known by his title Count of Thorigny.
Life
Born in Paris.
Born at the "Hotel Matignon" in Paris, he was the eighth child of the reigning Princess Louise Hippolyte of Monaco and her husband Prince Jacques I. His father was the Count of Thorigny but the title was given to Francois. His older brother Honore III would later become the next Prince of Monacao when their father died in 1751.
He died unmarried and childless
References
1726 births
1743 deaths
Earls and countesses
House of Grimaldi
Omicron

Omicron (uppercase/lowercase O o) is a letter of the Greek alphabet. It is used to represent the "o" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 70. Letters that came from it include the Roman O and Cyrillic O.
In mathematics and computer science, the uppercase O is used in big-O notation, while the lowercase o is used in little-o notation (a variant of big-O notation).
Related pages
O (letter)
References
Greek alphabet
Vowel letters
Wong Kito Galo

Wong Kito Galo is a clump of ethnicities (nation) in the southeastern region of the Sumatra island which consists of various ethnic groups and speaks languages belonging to the Music language family.
Terminology
Etymologically, the "Wong Kito Galo" is directly taken from Palembang language which means "shared community" literally, it can be interpreted similarly to the concept of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.
In other Music languages
Musi language:
Lematang language: Jeme Kite Gale
Lembak language: Wang Kite Galo
Classification
This family (nation) is classified using the primordial method; where kinship ties, similarities between ethnicities, origin places, linguistic and customs are the benchmark factors in the classification.
Ethnicities
Some of the ethnic groups included in the Wong Kito Galo family are:
Musi people
Palembang people
Ethnic groups in Indonesia
Kyu Sakamoto

Kyu Sakamoto "Ban Ben Jiu " (real name "Hisasi Osima") was a singer and actor, born on December 10, 1941 in Kanagawa, Japan.
Sakamoto's song "Sukiyaki" became the first Japanese song in the United States to sell a million copies and reached No.1 on a music chart on June 15, 1963. Its original (Japanese) title is "Shang woXiang iteBu kou" which means "I look up as I walk". He died on August 12, 1985 in an airplane accident during a flight on Japan Airlines Flight 123) aboard from Kanagawa in Japan.
His hit songs
His major hit songs were as follows.
He moiranaiAn dakedo (1959)
Bei shikiLiu Shi Cai (1960)
sutekinataimingu (Good Timi'n) (1960)
Yue Ye niBu keba (Walkin' in The Moonlight) (1961)
karendagaru (Calendar Girl) (1961)
Jian Shang getegoranYe noXing wo (1963)
Shang woXiang iteBu kou (Sukiyaki) (1963)
Xing senaraShou wotatakou (1964)
Lei kunsayonara (1965)
Notes
Outer links
Kyu Sakamoto Official Web Site
Sukiyaki (Shang woXiang iteBu kou) with English translation and lyrics at YouTube
1941 births
1985 deaths
Singers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Japanese movie actors
Grumman S-2 Tracker

The Grumman S-2 Tracker is an american military aircraft built for operations against soviets submarines of the Cold War. Grumman sold it at various foreign countries like Brazil, Japan, or Turkey.
The Conair Firecat is a water bomber variant built in Canada.
United States Navy aircraft
Vietnam War aircraft
S-2
Isolation center (Belarus)

Isolation centers in Belarus are prisons where people are held in rooms alone for some time.
The Belarusian "isolation centers" became very known as part of the 2020 Belarusian protests after 2020 Belarusian presidential election. The government and Alexander Lukashenko let punishments on protesters be done. People have been moved in isolation centers. There have been news on bad handling of people and torture in isolation centers. The most known isolation center is Okrestina.
References
Prisons in Europe
Buildings and structures in Belarus
British Rail Class 128

British Rail Class 128 was a class of diesel multiple unit, built for British Rail. Introduced in 1959, ten of the class were built by British United Traction, each with two 230 hp Leyland engines. The class was built specifically for parcels, and did not feature any passenger accommodation; fitted out with parcel racks and bike storages at each end. The last members of the class were withdrawn in 1991, and none were preserved.
Other websites
Class info from railcar.com
128
1970 European Cup Final

The 1970 European Cup Final was a football match. It was held at the San Siro, Milan, on 6 May 1970.
Route to the final
Match
Details
Related pages
1969-70 European Cup
Celtic F.C. in European football
Notes
References
Other websites
European Cup results at Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
1969-70 season at UEFA website
European Cup History 1970
1970 in Europe
Milan
Pastetten

Pastetten is a municipality in the district of Erding in Bavaria in Germany. It is a rural municipality in the south of the district. The town was founded about one thousand years ago along the road from Swabia to Erding.
References
Other websites
Erding (district)
Nadia Toffa

Nadia Toffa (June 10, 1979 - August 13, 2019) was an Italian journalist and television presenter. She worked for the satirical current affairs program Le Iene. In 2017, hers was the third most searched-for personal name on Google. Toffa was born in Brescia, Italy.
Toffa died on August 13, 2019 from brain cancer at the age of 40.
References
1979 births
2019 deaths
Italian writers
Italian television presenters
Italian journalists
Deaths from brain cancer
Cancer deaths in Italy
People from Brescia
Auction

An auction is a method by which goods or services can be sold and bought. In an auction, the price of an item is not fixed in advance. People wanting to buy the item say how much they are willing to pay for it. This is called their bid. In each round, the bids are evaluated. If certain criteria are met, the auction is stopped and one bidder will buy the item at the specified price. Alternatively, the auction can continue for another round. If certain conditions are met, the auction will stop, and the item will not be sold. There are different kinds of auctions, with different rules.
Auctions usually happen within a given timeframe. When the time expires, the bid that best matches will win, or the item will not be sold.
There are companies that specialize in doing auctions. These companies will charge fees for doing the auction; they may also get a commission that depends on the price the item is sold at.
Auctions can be done online, or they can be done offline. Sometimes, bids are placed by telephone, or over the internet.
Most common kinds of auction
The most common kinds of auction are:
English auction: the highest bidder wins. The auction starts at the lowest price the seller is willing to sell at, and the price goes up as long as someone is willing to pay a higher price.
A Dutch auction goes the other way round: The auction starts at a high price, and goes down until someone is willing to buy. Before the auction, the seller sets the lowest price they'll sell the item for, and if the auction reaches that price without anyone buying, the auction is stopped without selling the item.
Sealed first-bid auction: All the bids are submitted at the same time, without any of the bidders knowing each other's bids. The bidder with the highest bid wins.
Vickrey auction (or sealed-bid second-price auction) : This kind of auction works the same as the sealed first-bid auction, but the bidder only pays the second-highest price. This kind of auction is very important in economic theory, but isn't used as much in real life.
The mechanisms why auctions work
Auctions work because of information asymmetry: The seller wants to sell at the highest possible price, and the buyers want to pay as little as possible.But the seller does not know the prices the buyers are willing to pay: Setting a price that is too hight means that there will be no sale, setting a price that is too low means that there will be less profit. Each buyer knows how much he is willing to pay, but does not know the price the other buyers are willing to pay. So buyers influence each other. The theory that models these phenomena is called auction theory. It is based on game theory and microeconomics.
Commerce
Selwyn (New Zealand electorate)

Selwyn is an electorate of the New Zealand House of Representatives.
Election results
References
New Zealand electorates
Saint-Oyens

Saint-Oyens is a municipality in Morges in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It is near the Jura mountains.
References
Other websites
Site of the commune of Saint-Oyens
Municipalities of Vaud
Jagex

Jagex (Java Gaming Experts) is a company that makes computer games. Its most famous game is Runescape.
Jagex, known for RuneScape, has also released several casual games on its FunOrb portal and other titles. The company has changed ownership multiple times, including ownership by U.S. investors from 2012 to 2016, Chinese investors from 2016 to 2020, Macarthur Fortune Holding LLC in 2020, and is currently owned by The Carlyle Group.
References
Other websites
Video game companies of the United Kingdom
2001 establishments in England
Denney, Territoire de Belfort

Denney is a commune. It is found in the region Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in the northeast of France.
References
Communes in Territoire de Belfort
Neighborhood of Make-Believe

The Neighborhood of Make-Believe is the fictional kingdom where hand puppet lived in. They were characters on the children's television series Mister Rogers' Neighborhood which aired on PBS, from 1968-2001. Principal puppeteer Fred Rogers created many of the puppet characters in the 1950s for Josie Carey's program, The Children's Corner. It was filmed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Characters in the Neighborhood of Make-Believe were portrayed by both hand puppets operated by puppeteers and actors. They would occasionally talk to the viewers in specific episodes.
There is a TV show about the Neighborhood called Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood.
Puppets
King Friday XIII
Queen Sara Saturday
Prince Tuesday
X the Owl
Henrietta Pussycat
Lady Elaine Fairchilde
Daniel Striped Tiger
Cornflake "Corney" S. Pecially
Grandpere Tiger
The Frogg Family
The Platypus Family
Harriet Elizabeth Cow
Edgar Cooke
H.J. Elephant III
Betty Okonak Templeton-Jones
James Michael Jones
Carrie Dell Okonak Templeton-Jones
Old Goat
Donkey Hodie
Yo-Yo LaBelle
Neighborhood Trolley
References
Fred Rogers
Fictional countries
Alexandria (disambiguation)

Alexandria is a city in Egypt.
Alexander The Great built many cities with his name while he had a whole empire.
The name Alexandria may also refer to:
Cities that Alexander The Great built
Iskandariya, Iraq
Alexandria Asiana, Iran
Alexandria Ariana, Afghanistan
Alexandria Bucephalous, Pakistan, on the Jhelum
Alexandria on the Caucasus, Afghanistan
Alexandria on the Oxus, Afghanistan
Alexandria Arachosia, Afghanistan now called Kandahar (a contraction of Iskandahar)
Alexandria on the Indus, Pakistan
Alexandria Eschate, "the Farthest", Tajikistan
Alinda, Alexandria on the Latmos, previously and afterward called Alinda in Caria, present-day Turkey
Cebrene, formerly Alexandria
Alexandria Troas, Turkey
Merv, Turkmenistan, sometimes also called Alexandria
Other cities with the name Alexandria or similar names
Alexandroupoli in Thrace, Greece
Alexandreia in Imathia, Greece
Aleksandropol, Armenia
Alessandria del Carretto, Italy
Alessandria, Italy
Alexandria, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Alexandria, Jamaica
Alexandria, Romania
Alexandrium, ancient site in Palestine
Alexandria, Northern Territory
Alexandria, New South Wales
Alexandra, Victoria
Alexandria, British Columbia
Alexandria, Ontario
Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland
Alfredo Magarotto

Alfredo Magarotto (16 February 1927 - 22 January 2021) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1950. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chioggia, Italy, from 1990 to 1997. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Vittorio Veneto, Italy, from 1997 to 2003.
Magarotto died on 22 January 2021, aged 93.
References
1927 births
2021 deaths
Italian Roman Catholic bishops
Xpress: Platform 13

Xpress is a steel launched roller coaster at Walibi Holland in The Netherlands. It opened in 2000 under the name Superman the Ride. However, Six Flags was planning to open it under the name Riddlers Revenge and the ride was painted green at the factory. Shortly before the coaster was built, the name was changed to Superman the Ride and was painted red and blue. Since 2005 the coaster is called Xpress. It is the first LSM coaster in Europe.
The coaster had been standing but not operating for the whole season in 2011. The reason for this was because important parts of the launch mechanism were broken, which can cause that the train does not have enough speed at the end of the launch, or doesn't launch at all. These parts are ordered and are only made on request, as there are only 3 coasters of this type worldwide (2 of which are in Disney parks). Therefore, Walibi Holland decided to paint the track. As of 2012, the coaster operates again.
Gallery
References
Roller coasters in the Netherlands
Roller coasters by name
2000 establishments in the Netherlands
Andrew Wiles

Sir Andrew John Wiles, KBE, FRS (born Cambridge, 11 April 1953) is an Abel Prize-winning British mathematician and a Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University. He specializes in number theory. He is most famous for proving Fermat's Last Theorem. He is a foreign member of the United States National Academy of Sciences since 1996.
The proof of Fermat's Last Theorem
In the summer of 1986, Wiles decided to prove the theorem. Gerhard Frey, Jean-Pierre Serre and Ken Ribet had done successful research in the last few years. Wiles realised that he could prove a limited form of the modularity theorem. So, he decided to solve this problem. This was done somewhat secretly. In 1993, he presented his proof to the public for the first time at a conference in Cambridge. In August 1993, however, it turned out that the proof contained a gap. Wiles tried to fill in this gap. But the error he made was a very basic one. Wiles got the crucial idea for avoiding, rather than closing this gap. This came to him on 19 September 1994. Together with his former student Richard Taylor, he published a second paper. This avoided the error and thus completed the proof. Both papers were published in 1995 in a special volume of the Annals of Mathematics.
Recognition by the media
Wiles' proof of Fermat's Last Theorem was scrutinized by mathematical experts. Wiles was interviewed for an episode of the BBC documentary series Horizon that focused on Fermat's Last Theorem. This was renamed "The Proof". It was made an episode of the Public Broadcasting Service's science television series Nova.
References
Abel Prize winners
English mathematicians
1953 births
Living people
Fellows of the Royal Society
British number theorists
The Man Who Sold His Skin

The Man Who Sold His Skin () is a 2020 international drama movie. It was directed by Kaouther Ben Hania and starred Yahya Mahayni, Dea Liane, Koen De Bouw, Monica Bellucci, Saad Lostan, Wim Delvoye.
It was nominated for an Academy Award in 2021. It premiered in the Horizons section at the 77th Venice International Film Festival, where Yahya Mahayni won the Best Actor Award.
References
Other websites
2020 drama movies
Tunisian movies
French drama movies
German drama movies
Belgian drama movies
Swedish drama movies
Turkish movies
Cypriot movies
Le Rœulx

Le Roeulx is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 7969 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 30 North, 04deg 06 East.
References
Municipalities of Hainaut
Brookneal, Virginia

Brookneal is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
Peter Lai

Peter Lai is a Hong Kong lyricist and actor.
In the 1970s and 1980s, he co-wrote many lyrics of the first Cantopop songs with Sam Hui. He also wrote songs for Anita Mui, Leslie Cheung, Alan Tam among other Hong Kong pop stars. Peter Lai, along with Jim Wong, Jimmy Lo and Cheng Kwok Kong, are the first generation of Cantopop lyricists in Hong Kong.
Lai has also worked as a screenwriter and film producer for Golden Harvest Film Company and TVB. Since the 1990s, he has acted in movies and TV dramas.
References
Other websites
Lyricists
Hong Kong actors
Detour (1945 movie)

Detour (1945) is a crime movie. It was directed by Edgar G. Ulmer. Critics liked the movie. It has received a lot of praise over the years. The movie is regarded as a good example of film noir.
Detour was chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. The movie was remade in 1992 with Tom Neal's son Tom Neal Jr. in his father's role.
Cast
Tom Neal as Al Roberts
Ann Savage as Vera
Claudia Drake as Sue Harvey
Edmund MacDonald as Charles Haskell Jr
Tim Ryan as Nevada Diner Proprietor
Esther Howard as Holly, Diner Waitress
Pat Gleason as Joe, Trucker at Diner
Don Brodie as the Used Car Salesman
Story
Al is hitchhiking to Hollywood. A man named Haskell picks him up. Haskell accidentally dies on the road that night. Al believes the police will think he killed Haskell. He dumps Haskell's body on the side of the road. He runs away with Haskell's money and car.
The next day Al picks up Vera at a gas station. She is a drifter. She knows Al is not Haskell. She threatens to turn him over to the police if he does not obey her orders. She reads in a newspaper that Haskell's rich father wants to find his son.
Vera orders Al to pretend to be Haskell. She wants to get the man's money. Al refuses. Vera gets drunk. They argue. Al accidentally kills her. He hits the road again, but the police nab him.
1945 crime movies
United States National Film Registry movies
English-language movies
1940s American crime movies
B-movies
Movies directed by Edgar G. Ulmer
Thomas Dörflein

Thomas Dorflein (13 October 1963 - 22 September 2008) was a German zookeeper at the Berlin Zoo for 26 years. He became a celebrity after he took care of the polar bear cub Knut, who had been abandoned by his mother shortly after his birth in 2006. In 2007, Dorflein was awarded the Medal of Merit by the city of Berlin for helping to raise Knut.
References
1963 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
German people
Zoos in Germany
Brée

Bree is a commune of 459 people (as of 1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Related pages
Communes of Mayenne
Communes in Mayenne
Boana palaestes

Boana palaestes is a frog that lives in Peru. Scientists save seen it in two places on the east side of the Andes Mountains.
References
Frogs of South America
Mazandaran province

Mazandaran () is a province in the north of Iran. It south of the Caspian Sea. It has borders with Golestan, Semnan, Tehran, Qazvin and Gilan provinces.
References
Other websites
Mazandaran
States and territories established in 1937
Pauline Fowler

Pauline Fowler was a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders. She was played by English actress Wendy Richard (1943-2009).
In the show, she lived at number 45 Albert Square. She had three children, Mark, Michelle and Martin. Mark died in 2004 of AIDS.
She was married to a man called Joe Macer in 2006, and she also had three grandchildren called Vicki, Mark and Rebecca and a dog called Betty.
When she was born, her name was Pauline Beale. She married a man called Arthur Fowler, who was the father of her children. He died in 1996.
Pauline's father Albert and mother Lou Beale are both dead. She has six brothers and sisters called Pete, Kenny, Dora, Harry, Ronnie and Maggie. Pete and Ronnie are both dead.
Pauline worked at a launderette with her best friend Dot Branning.
Pauline was in the show since it started in 1985 until her death at Christmas 2006.
EastEnders characters
Television characters
Fictional British people
Substitution box

In cryptography, a S-Box (Substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric-key algorithms. In block ciphers, the S-Boxes are used to make the relation between the key and the ciphertext (coded text) difficult to understand-Shannon's property of confusion. The S-Boxes are carefully chosen to resist cryptanalysis (decoding).
In general, an S-Box takes some number of input bits, m, and transforms them into some number of output bits, n: an mxn S-Box can be implemented as a lookup table with 2m words of n bits each. Fixed tables are normally used, as in the Data Encryption Standard (DES), but in some ciphers the tables are generated dynamically from the key; e.g. the Blowfish and the Twofish encryption algorithms. Bruce Schneier describes IDEA's modular multiplication step as a key-dependent S-Box.
One good example is this 6x4-bit S-Box from DES (S5):
Given a 6-bit input, the 4-bit output is found by selecting the row using the outer two bits, and the column using the inner four bits. For example, an input "011011" has outer bits "01" and inner bits "1101"; the corresponding output would be "1001".
The 8 S-Boxes of DES were the subject of intensive studies for many years cause of a concern that a method of bypassing the DES cipher to obtaining access to the plaintext-a vulnerability (susceptibility) known only to its designers-might have been planted (inserted) in the cipher. In 1994, the S-Box design criteria were finally published by its designers after the public rediscovery of differential cryptanalysis, showing that they had been carefully tuned the design to increase resistance against differential cryptanalysis attacks. Other research had already indicated that even a very small modification to one of the 8 S-Box used by the DES could weaken it very much.
The design of good S-Boxes was the subject of a great amount of research; now much more is understood about their use in block ciphers than when the DES S-Boxes were released.
Related pages
Substitution cipher
References
Other websites
A literature survey on S-Box design
John Savard's "Questions of S-Box Design"
Gargiulo's "S-Box Modifications and Their Effect in DES-like Encryption Systems"
Cryptography
Greater Valparaíso

Greater Valparaiso (Gran Valparaiso) is a metropolitan area located in the Valparaiso Region. The name comes from the city of Valparaiso, the most important harbour in Chile. At the 2012 census, the estimated population was 979,127 people.
References
Other websites
Informe del INE, Chile: Ciudades, Pueblos, Aldeas y Caserios. 2005 (PDF; ZIP) (spanish)
Proyeccion de Poblacion 1990-2020 del INE: Comunas de la Region de Valparaiso (XLS) (spanish)
Cities in Chile
2014 WTA Tour

The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour is the number one tier professional tennis tour for a women's tennis competition. The 2014 WTA Tour calendar consists of the four Grand Slam tournaments (organised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), and fifty regular tournaments, the Fed Cup (organised by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the WTA Tournament of Champions and the WTA Tour Championships). Also included in the 2014 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organised by the ITF. The season begins on 30 December 2013 and will end on 9 November 2014.
The tournaments are played on a squared flat surface, called a tennis court. The measurements of a tennis court are described and monitored by the ITF and the court is long, wide. Its width is for singles matches and for doubles matches. Tennis is played on a variety of court types and each type has its own aspects that control how the sport is played. There are four main types of courts based on what's used to build the court surface, clay, hard, grass and carpet courts with the ITF rating five different speed ratings from slow to fast.
Schedule
Key
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
Sources
Other websites
WTA Tour's 2014 match-facts statistics
Women's Tennis Association (WTA) official website
International Tennis Federation (ITF) official website
Isaiah Firebrace

Isaiah Firebrace (born 21 November 1999) is an Australian singer. He won the eighth season of The X Factor Australia in 2016. He then represented his country at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2017 with the song "Don't Come Easy". He finished 9th in the contest. In 2016, he released his first studio album, Isaiah. It peaked at number 12 on the ARIA Charts.
Firebrace was born in Portland, Victoria. He grew up in Moama, New South Wales. He is an Indigenous Australian.
References
Other websites
1999 births
Living people
Australian pop singers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Indigenous Australian musicians
Musicians from Victoria (Australia)
Singers from New South Wales
The X Factor winners
Hexagram

A hexagram is a six-pointed star, with all lines the same length and all angles the same. A 'hexangle', 'star hexagon', or 'hexalpha' means the same thing.
It is used in historical, religious and cultural contexts, for example in Hanafism, Judaism, Hinduism and occultism. It is possible that this simple geometric shape, like the triangle, circle, or square, has been created by various peoples with no connection to one another.
Group theory
In mathematics, the root system for the simple Lie group G2 is in the form of a hexagram, with six long roots and six short roots.
Construction by compass and a straight edge
A six-pointed star, like a regular hexagon, can be created using a compass and a straight edge:
Make a circle of any size with the compass.
Without changing the radius of the compass, set its pivot on the circle's circumference, and find one of the two points where a new circle would intersect the first circle.
With the pivot on the last point found, similarly find a third point on the circumference, and repeat until six such points have been marked.
With a straight edge, join alternate points on the circumference to form two overlapping equilateral triangles.
References
Symbols
Religious symbols
2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team

On 3 March 2009, the Sri Lankan national cricket team was attacked by Lashkar-e-Jhangvi gunmen in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Six members of the Sri Lanka national cricket team were injured. Six Pakistani policemen and two civilians were killed.
Attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team
2000s in Pakistan
21st century in Sri Lanka
Crime in Pakistan
Islamic terrorist incidents in Asia
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2000s
Lahore
March events
Mass murder in Asia
Mass murder in the 2000s
Mass shootings in Asia
2009 mass shootings
Tom Thibodeau

Tom Thibodeau (born January 17, 1958 in New Britain, Connecticut) is an American basketball coach. He was the head coach of the Chicago Bulls. He was the assistant coach for many teams in the National Basketball Association including the Philadelphia 76ers, for the New York Knicks, and for the Boston Celtics.
He won NBA Coach of the Year in 2011and in 2012 he won the NBA All-Star Game head coach. In 2012, he became the fastest coach in NBA history to earn 100 victories and finished as the runner-up for Coach of the Year.
References
1958 births
Living people
Chicago Bulls head coaches
Sportspeople from Connecticut
Katriina Elovirta

Katriina Elovirta (15 February 1961 - 19 June 2018) was a Finnish female association footballer. She was a well known international match referee. She served as a referee with FIFA between 1995 to 2003. She also worked as a development manager for the Finnish Football Association until her death.
Elovirta died at age 57 after a long illness on 19 June 2018.
References
1961 births
2018 deaths
Finnish footballers
Lake Tanganyika

Lake Tanganyika is a large lake in the Great Rift Valley of central Africa. The lake is divided between four countries - Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania and Zambia. It is the longest fresh water lake in the world and the second deepest.
Other websites
Tanganyika
Geography of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Geography of Tanzania
Geography of Zambia
Geography of Burundi
Vicenza

Vicenza is a comune and city in the Veneto region, in Northeast Italy. Vicenza is the capital of the province of the same name. The city is about west of Venice, the capital of the region, and east of Milan.
Vicenza is a cosmopolitan city, with a rich history and culture, and many museums, art galleries, piazzas, villas, churches and elegant Renaissance palazzi. With the "Palladian Villas of the Veneto" in the surrounding area, and his renowned Teatro Olimpico (Olympic Theater), Vicenza has been listed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994.
The city is also known as the "City of Palladio" after Andrea Palladio, an architect that designed and built several important buildings in Vicenza and other cities.
Geography
Vicenza is at the confluence of the Bacchiglione river with its tributary Retrone.The comune of Vicenza has an area of to the north of the Berici Hills. Its average altitude is .
The southern part of the city is flat with an elevation of above sea level. The historical centre is among the meanders of the Bacchiglione river and of its tributaries with an elevation of above sea level. To the south there is also an area with hills belonging to the Berici Hills with a top elevation of above sea level
Vicenza borders with the following comuni: Altavilla Vicentina, Arcugnano, Bolzano Vicentino, Caldogno, Costabissara, Creazzo, Dueville, Longare, Monteviale, Monticello Conte Otto, Quinto Vicentino and Torri di Quartesolo.
Frazioni
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of Vicenza: Anconetta, Bertesina, Bertesinella, Bugano, Campedello, Casale, Debba, Longara, Maddalene, Ospedaletto, Polegge, San Pietro Intrigogna, Santa Croce Bigolina, Tormeno.
Climate
The climate of Vicenza is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Koppen climate classification.
The average temperature for the year in Vicenza is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Vicenza is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .
Population
, there are 112,953 persons living in the comune, for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Vicenza
Twinned towns
Vicenza is twinned with:
Pforzheim, Germany
Annecy, France
Gallery
References
Other websites
Vicenza official website
Consorzio di Promozione Turistica Vicenza e
Capital cities in Italy
Great crested grebe

The great crested grebe is a water bird. It is a member of the grebe family. Its scientific name is Podiceps cristatus.
Description
The great crested grebe is a medium sized bird. It is 46-51 cm long. Its wingspan (both wings open) is 59-73 cm long.
The bird is white, brown and black, and it has orange crest feathers on its head. It has a long, sharp pink bill. Baby great crested grebe have black and white stripes on their heads.
Habitat and behaviour
The great crested grebe is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. It is the biggest grebe in Europe. It lives in freshwater lakes. It eats crustaceans (for example, crabs), insects and small frogs. It dives into the water to find food.
The bird has an interesting mating ritual. This means two birds (male and female) do a "dance" in the water before they mate. Grebes dance every time the pair meets, and the dance varies according to the circumstance. Returning to the nest is different from meeting out on the water, for instance. Most dances end in a bout of head-shaking.
The great crested grebe makes a nest from plants. The nest floats on top of the water. A pair of grebes will usually have two eggs. When the babies are born, they cannot swim. Their parents teach them to swim and dive. Sometimes the babies will sit on their parents backs while the parents swim in the water.
Conservation
The bird nearly became extinct in the United Kingdom in the 19th century. This is because people wanted to use their orange head feathers. People wanted to put the feathers on their hats and clothes. The RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds) stopped this. There are now many great crested grebe in the United Kingdom, where their conservation status is green ("least concern").
References
Podicipediformes
Fee

A fee is the price one gives as payment for services, especially the honorarium paid to a doctor, lawyer, consultant or member of a learned profession. Traditionally, a fee is different to a payment, salary, or wage, because the fee usually is paid only once for the professional's services.
Business
Dio Chrysostom

Dio Chrysostom (; Dion Chrysostomos), Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus (c. 40 - c. 115 AD) was a Greek speaker, writer, philosopher and historian of the Roman Empire. He lived in the 1st century, from about the year 40 to around the year 115. He is also known as Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus. Eighty of his Discourses (or Orations) are known. A few Letters and a funny mock essay In Praise of Hair, as well as a few other fragments also survive. His surname Chrysostom comes from the Greek chrysostomos, which literally means "golden-mouthed". He should not be confused with the Roman historian Cassius Dio, nor with the 4th-century bishop John Chrysostom of Constantinople.
40 births
110s deaths
Ancient Greek philosophers
Ancient Greek historians
115 deaths
Middlefield, Massachusetts

Middlefield is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Benedetta Cappa

Benedetta Cappa (14 August 1897 - 15 May 1977) was an Italian futurist artist. She had exhibitions at the Walker Art Center and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.
Biography
Cappa was born on 14 August 1897 in Rome, Italy. She became very interested in Futurism while studying under one of the movement's leading figures, Giacomo Balla, in Rome in 1917. She married Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in 1923 and they had three daughters: Vittoria, Ala and Luce. Cappa, now using her married name Benedetta Cappa Marinetti, was the first woman artist to have her work featured in the 1930 Biennale catalog. This was a large-scale art exhibition held every two years. In 1932 she presented seven paintings at the Venice Biennale. She exhibited at the Petit Palais in Paris in 1935 and the national art exhibition in Rome the same year. She was a leading artist in the Futurism movement.
Cappa died on 15 May 1977 in Venice, Italy at age 79.
References
1897 births
1977 deaths
Italian artists
People from Rome
Boris Lisunov

Boris Pavlovich Lisunov (; 19 August 1898 - 3 November 1946) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Lisunov.
Other websites
PomniPro.ru
1898 births
1946 deaths
Soviet engineers
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Mark Damon

Mark Damon (born April 22, 1933) is an American actor and producer. His best known role was in Roger Corman's House of Usher.
References
Other websites
Foresight Unlimited
From Cowboy to Mogul to Monster: The Neverending Story of Film Pioneer Mark Damon
1933 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Chicago
Movie producers from Chicago
The Kooks

The Kooks are a English rock band. They formed in Brighton in 2002. In July 2005 they released their first single, "Eddie's Gun". They are signed to Virgin Records.
Albums
Inside In/Inside Out (2006)
Konk (2008)
Junk of the Heart (2011)
References
Other websites
British rock bands
Indie rock bands
2000s music groups
¡Sorpresa!

!Sorpresa! ("Surprise!" in Spanish) is an American Spanish-language children's television channel.
The channel is currently available for the United States and Puerto Rico on Charter Spectrum, Claro Puerto Rico, Cox Communications, Frontier Communications, Grande Communications, Liberty Puerto Rico, RCN, Suddenlink, and member systems of the National Cable TV Cooperative. !Sorpresa! is also available through third-party mobile TV and broadband platforms, including VEMOX, Brightcove and MobiTV. The channel was also formerly available through Akimbo.
History
In August 2009, Olympusat Inc. bought the channel !Sorpresa! from its previous owner, Firestone/Juniper Content Corp.
On March 1, 2019, Verizon Fios removed the channel from its lineup.
Programming
Current
The Adventures of Annie and Ben
Altair in Starland
The Beet Party
Boom & Reds
Brewster the Rooster
El Mundo Animal de Max Rodriguez
El Pequeno Menique
The Gloops
Glumpers
Hero: 108
Hullabalooba
Kemy
Lucky Fred
The Magical Toothfairies
Mouk (2017-present)
Nutri Ventures - The Quest for the 7 Kingdoms
OTO and Music
Pet Pals
Pispas
Rat-A-Tat
Red Beard
Slash
Telmo and Tula: Little Cooks
ToddWorld (2003-present)
Toopy and Binoo
Van Dogh
Wakkaville
Yu-Gi-Oh! Zexal
Former
References
Other websites
!Sorpresa! TV's Official site
American television networks
American television channels
Cosmes

Cosmes is a commune of 273 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
Hove

Hove is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 8298 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 09 North, 04deg 28 East.
References
Municipalities of Antwerp
Speicher

Speicher is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Zelus

Zelus (, zeal) is the god of dedication and emulation in Greek mythology. He is the son of Styx and Pallas, and also the brother of Nike, Cratos, and Bia. He and his brothers and sister were the friends of Zeus and were always with him. He was a constant companion of Zeus and personified zeal.
Other websites
Theoi Project, a site exploring Greek mythology and the gods in classical literature and art
Greek gods and goddesses
Hollis, Oklahoma

Hollis is a city in Oklahoma in the United States. It is the county seat of Harmon County.
County seats in Oklahoma
Cities in Oklahoma
Charles Taylor

Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor (born 28 January 1948) is a Liberian politician and convicted war criminal. He was the 22nd President of Liberia from 2 August 1997 until his resignation on 11 August 2003.
References
1948 births
Living people
Presidents of Liberia
Former dictators
Criminals
Chicago Pride Parade

The Chicago Pride Parade, also (and formerly) called the Chicago Gay Pride Parade or PRIDE Chicago, is the annual pride parade held on the last Sunday of June in Lake View, Chicago, Illinois in the United States. It is funded and organized by the Chicago City Council and Mayor of Chicago. Chicago's Pride Parade is one of the largest, by attendance, in the world.
The first parade was organized on Saturday, June 27, 1970, as a march from Washington Square Park ("Bughouse Square") to the Water Tower, but then many of the participants marched on to the Civic Center (now Richard J. Daley) Plaza.
For many years, the parade was held only in Lake View East, a neighborhood in Chicago. Recent parades have expanded their routes by extending it to the Uptown neighborhood, beginning at the corner of Broadway and Montrose. The parade then goes south on Broadway to Halsted, continues south on Halsted to Belmont, then east on Belmont to Broadway and finally south again on Broadway to Cannon Drive and Lincoln Park.
In June 2017, the Grand Marshall of the parade was Lea DeLaria and over 1,000,000 attended the parade.
There was no parade in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It returns in 2021.
References
LGBT in the United States
Festivals in Chicago
June events
1970 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Illinois
Shintaro Kurumaya

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kurumaya was born in Kumamoto on April 5, 1992. When he was a University of Tsukuba student, he joined J1 League club Kawasaki Frontale in 2014. He became a regular player as left side back from 2015. In 2017, Kawasaki won the J1 League champions first time in the club history. Kawasaki won the J1 champions in 2018 and 2020.
On October 10, 2017, Kurumaya debuted for the Japan national team against Haiti. He played 4 games for Japan until 2018.
Statistics
|-
|2014||rowspan="8"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="8"|J1 League||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2015||30||0||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||36||0
|-
|2016||30||1||5||1||5||0||colspan="2"|-||40||2
|-
|2017||34||0||3||0||3||0||10||0||40||0
|-
|2018||31||0||2||0||0||0||4||0||33||0
|-
|2019||27||0||3||1||5||0||3||0||35||1
|-
|2020||22||1||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||27||1
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
176||2||16||2||21||0||17||0||230||4
176||2||16||2||21||0||17||0||230||4
|}
|-
|2017||3||0
|-
|2018||1||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}
References
Other websites
1992 births
Living people
Footballers from Kumamoto Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Kawasaki Frontale players
New Bloomfield, Missouri

New Bloomfield is a city in Callaway County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Leirpollen (concentration camp)

Leirpollen was a concentration camp in Norway - in municipality Sor-Varanger in Finnmark, during World War Two. Norway was occupied by Germany's military during Adolf Hitler's rule of Germany.
The camp was called an extermination camp (or death camp) for Russian [and other Soviet soldiers who were] prisoners, in a 1998 report by Norway's government.
The camp had 150 prisoners, and [at least] it had Soviet prisoners. Also suspected members of the Persfjord groups partisans on the Varanger Peninsula, were held in the camp. In 1943, 11 prisoners were killed, by being hit with one [or more] clubs.
History
The prisoners were moved (out of the prison camp) in February 1944, to another prison camp - Storskog - closer to the border between Soviet and Norway;
Related pages
Occupation government's prison camps in Norway during World War Two
References
World War II prisoner of war camps in Norway
Nazi concentration camps in Norway
Storm drain

A storm drain, storm sewer (U.S.), stormwater drain (Australia and New Zealand) or surface water system (UK) is designed to drain extra rain and ground water from paved streets, parking lots, sidewalks, and roofs. Storm drains vary in design from small residential dry wells to large municipal systems. They are fed by street gutters on most motorways, freeways and other busy roads, as well as towns in areas which experience heavy rainfall, flooding and coastal towns which experience regular storms.
Drainage
Bartow County, Georgia

Bartow County is a county in northwestern Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 108,901 people lived there. The county seat is Cartersville.
References
1832 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Judge Judy

Judge Judy is an American streaming Court Show. The series premiered on September 16, 1996, and concluded on July 23, 2021.
The court show ended with its 25th season. This courtroom program stars former family court judge Judy Sheindlin. Each episode finds Judge Judy presiding over real small-claims cases inside a televised courtroom. Her no-nonsense approach has been unsuccessfully copied by other TV court judges.
References
Other websites
1996 American television series debuts
English-language television programs
American comedy television series
2000s American reality television series
2010s American reality television series
2021 American television series endings
Berwyn Heights, Maryland

Berwyn Heights is a town in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.
Towns in Maryland
Spencer Pratt

Spencer Pratt (born August 14, 1983 in Los Angeles, California) is an American television personality. He is best known from the MTVs series The Hills.
Pratt and Heidi Montag were housemates in the January 2013 series of Celebrity Big Brother (UK).
1983 births
Living people
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
Participants in American reality television series
Television personalities from Los Angeles