pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Anupam Sen

Anupam Sen (born August 5, 1940) is a Bangladeshi academic and social scientist. Currently, he is serving as Vice-chancellor of Premier University, Chittagong.
He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2014 by the Government of Bangladesh.
Published books and research
The Social Background of the Bangladesh Movement, Quest(Bombay),September-October,1971.
The Bureaucracy and Socio-Economic Development in Bangladesh,Bangladesh Journal of Sociology,August 1983.
Social Change in South Asia, Presidential Address,Third National Conference and International Seminar on Social Change in South Asia,Dhaka: Bangladesh Sociology Association,March 18-20, 1987.
Modes of Production and Social Formation in India, 2nd article of the book entitled, "Class,State and Development in India" Edited by Berch Berberoglu(Professor,University of Nevada, U.S.A) New Delhi /London - Sage Publications,1992.
The State, Industrialization and Class Formations in India,London : Routledge and Kegan-Paul, 1982.
Bangladesh :Rashtra O Samaj, Dhaka :Abosar,1999
Bangladesh O Bangali, Dhaka :Abosar,2002
Biloshita Sabdaguchcha (An Anthology of Translated Verses of Eminent Poets from East & West),Dhaka :Abosar,2002
The Political Economy of Bangladesh (work in progress).
References
1940 births
Living people
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak
Bangladeshi academics
Cleanliness

Cleanliness means that there is no dirt, no dust, no stains, no bad smells. The goals of cleanliness are health, beauty, no offensive odor and to avoid the spreading of dirt and contaminants to oneself and others. In the case of glass objects such as windows or windshields, the purpose can also be transparency. Washing is one way of achieving cleanliness, usually with water and often some kind of soap or detergent.
Since the germ theory of disease, it has also now means no germs and other waste. In industry, certain processes need conditions of exceptional cleanliness which are achieved by working in cleanrooms. To remove grime, loose paint, mud, mold, dust and other types of stubborn dirt, high pressure water cleaning is used. Water is a widely used prime cleaning agent because it dissolves more substances than most other liquids. In fact, it is often referred to as the "universal solvent." A very new idea is that 'dirt' may play a useful role in our immune systems. It is estimated that washing hands with soap and water could reduce diarrheal disease-associated deaths by up to 50%. A large percentage of foodborne disease outbreaks are spread by contaminated hands. Appropriate hand washing practices can reduce the risk of foodborne illness and other infections. It is estimated that washing hands with soap and water could reduce diarrheal disease-associated deaths by up to 50%. A large percentage of foodborne disease outbreaks are spread by contaminated hands. Appropriate hand washing practices can reduce the risk of foodborne illness and other infections.
Related pages
Sanitation
Notes
Boy Scouts. 2007. "Boy Scout's Oath, Law, Motto, and Slogan." Retrieved May 10, 2007, http://www.scouting.org/factsheets/02-503a.html
Cleaning Network. 2008. "Cleanliness Article" Retrieved March 10, 2008, http://www.cleaning-services.org/cleaningnews.html
Pressure Washerify. 2017. "House Cleaning Guide & Tips" Retrieved December 28, 2017, https://pressurewasherify.com/blog/house-cleaning/
References
Hygiene
Virtues
Vătava

Vatava (; , Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Mures County, Transylvania, Romania arranged of three villages: Dumbrava (Marosliget), Rapa de Jos (Alsorepa) and Vatava.
Twin towns and cities
Vatava was twinned with Laval, France, until 2009.
References
Communes in Mures County
Agrarianism

Agrarianism is a political and social belief that supports agriculture (farming). Agrarian political parties are supportive of farmers (particularly small farmers and peasants) and their right to farm.
References
Agriculture
Political ideologies
Don Goodman

Don Goodman (born 9 May 1966) is a former English football player.
1966 births
Living people
English footballers
Sportspeople from Leeds
2022 New South Wales floods

Heavy flooding in the Central Coast and Sydney areas of New South Wales, Australia, began in early July 2022. Around 85,000 people were quickly forced out of their homes by the flooding.
References
July 2022 events
2022 floods
2020s in Australia
History of New South Wales
2022 disasters in Oceania
Floods in Australia
George H. Heilmeier

George Harry Heilmeier (May 22, 1936 - April 22, 2014) was an American engineer and businessman. He was best known for his work on the liquid crystal displays. He was added in the National Inventors Hall of Fame. He invented the LC-Display and his work is an IEEE Milestone. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Heilmeier died on April 22, 2014 at the age of 77. He was outlived by his wife and their daughter.
References
Other websites
George H. Heilmeier at the IEEE Global History Network
1936 births
2014 deaths
Engineers from Pennsylvania
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Scientists from Philadelphia
Eloy Alfaro

Jose Eloy Alfaro Delgado (June 25, 1842 - January 28, 1912) served as President of Ecuador from 1895 to 1901 and from 1906 to 1911. He became one the strongest opponents of pro-Catholic conservative President Gabriel Garcia Moreno. For his central role in the Liberal Revolution of 1895 and for having fought conservatism for almost 30 years, he is known as the Viejo Luchador.
Alfaro was born on June 25, 1842 in Montecristi, Ecuador. He was married to Ana Paredes y Arosemena until his death in 1912. On January 28, 1912, a mob broke out and busted into the prison cell where Alfaro was held at. They dragged him along the streets of Quito, Ecuador. Alfaro was killed during the attack, aged 69.
Other websites
Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Enciclopedia del Ecuador
1842 births
1912 deaths
Assassinated people
Presidents of Ecuador
List of tallest buildings in Macon, Georgia

This is a list of tallest buildings in Macon, GA
This list does not have radio towers in it.
References
https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/macon/?cityID=243
http://www.emporis.com/city/macon-ga-usa/all-buildings
Macon
Lists of buildings in the United States
Zzyzx, California

Zzyzx , formerly Camp Soda and Soda Springs, is an unincorporated community in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is within the boundaries of Mojave National Preserve.
References
Other websites
Ecological sites along U.S. Interstate 15 Small photo of road sign
Zzyzx photos and historical information
Center for Land Use Interpretation site page with directions, details, photos, and map link
Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in San Bernardino County, California
Sunishma Singh

Sunishma Singh is a Fijinese climate activist and influencer.
She was 19-year-old when she was financially helped by "Miss Cal Valley Solar". She participated in the Hibiscus Festival. She credited the festival for giving her the knowledge and skills in managing her time wisely.
Activism
Singh is from Nadroga-Navosa. She studied in the University of the South Pacific (USP). She got a Bachelor of Science in Geospatial Information Systems in 2018. She got a postgraduate degree in Climate Change in 2020.
In 2015, she worked for the use of renewable energy to reduce the impact of climate change on the economy. It was also done at the Hibiscus Festival in Suva. Singh has been a Resilience Officer for the "UN-Habitat" (United Nations Human Settlements Program) since 2019. "UN-Habitat" is working in Fiji with the "Accelerator Lab Pacific" to find solutions for the 13 informal settlements in the central and western parts of Fiji (in the municipality of Lami, Sigatoka, Nadi and Lautoka). Its purpose is to develop systems and ways to deal with with food and income for the local population living there.
Singh served as a youth environmental activist for Fiji at COP25 in Madrid in 2019. In March 2021, she was one of the speakers at the 7th Asia-Pacific Adaptation Forum (APAN).
References
Fijian people
Living people
Youth activists
Climate activists
Sully Sullenberger

Chesley Burnett "Sully" Sullenberger, III (born January 23, 1951) is an American pilot, diplomat and writer. He was the U.S. Ambassador to the International Civil Aviation Organization from February 3, 2022 to July 1, 2022. He is known for saving US Airways Flight 1549 that successfully landed in the Hudson River in New York City.
Sullenberger was born on January 23, 1951 in Denison, Texas. He is married to Lorraine Sullenberger. He has two daughters.
A movie about Sullenberger's heroic flight, Sully by Clint Eastwood has been released in 2016. Tom Hanks plays Sullenberger.
On June 15, 2021, President Joe Biden announced he would nominate Sullenberger as the U.S. representative to the International Civil Aviation Organization, with the rank of ambassador. On December 2, 2021 his nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate. He resigned on July 1, 2022.
References
Other websites
Sullenberger's official website
Safety Reliability Methods, Sullenberger's consulting firm
Chesley B. (Sully) Sullenberger, III . Washington Speakers Bureau
1951 births
Living people
American aviators
People from Denison, Texas
Writers from Texas
Politicians from Texas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Ambassadors of the United States
Bumthang District

Bumthang District is one of the 20 districts in Bhutan. The administrative centre is Jakar.
Bumthang District is divided into four village blocks:
Chhume Gewog
Choekor Gewog
Tang Gewog
Ura Gewog
Notable towns include:
Chhumey
Prakhar
Tang
Ura
Districts of Bhutan
Periodate

Periodate is an ion. Its chemical formula is either IO4- (metaperiodate) or IO65- (orthoperiodate). They are the salts of periodic acid. The iodine is in its +7 oxidation state. Periodates are similar to perchlorates. They are strong oxidizing agents. Sodium periodate is the most common periodate.
Related pages
Iodate
Hypoiodite
Iodine compounds
Ions
Episcopal High School

Episcopal High School was founded in 1839. It is a private boarding school in Alexandria, VA. The school's nickname is 'The Holy Hill' and it's campus is 130 acres large. Around 435 students live on the campus. These students are from 30 states, the District of Columbia and 17 countries. The school does not take any day students, all of the students have to live on campus.
History
When it was founded in 1839, it was the first high school in Virginia. It was originally called the 'Howard School'. It became known as 'The High School'. Originally only males were allowed to study at Episcopal. In 1991 the school allowed 48 female students to study. Today 50% of students are female.
Honor Code
The school has a set of simple rules it calls honor code. Many schools have rules similar to Episcopal's Honor Code.
Episcopal's Honor Code says:
I will not lie.
I will not cheat.
I will not steal.
I will report the student who does.
After a student finishes an important document, he or she must write the following and sign their name:
I hereby certify upon my honor that I have neither given nor received assistance on this examination, nor am I aware of any breach in the honor system.
Notable Alumni
Stephen Ailes, Secretary of the Army (1964-1965)
Lee S. Ainslie, Managing Partner, Maverick Capital
Louis Bacon, hedge fund manager, Member of the Forbes 400
Lenox D. Baker, Member of the Board, Anthem Healthcare
Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War (1916-1921)
T. Berry Brazelton, pediatrician and creator of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
Gaston Caperton, ex-governor of West Virginia and president of the College Board
Virginius Dabney, editor of the Richmond Times-Dispatch (1936-1969) and winner of the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing
Paul DePodesta, former GM, Los Angeles Dodgers
David R. Dougherty, Headmaster of The Hill School, Pottstown, PA
Jonathan Dunlap - NASCAR Nextel Cup driver
Todd Gray, Chef and Owner of DC's Equinox Restaurant
Tim Hightower, NFL Running Back, Arizona Cardinals
Lester Kinsolving, Political Talk Show Host on WCBM and Member of White House Press Corps
Ryder Lee, Lead Vocals, The Lost Trailers
Burnet R. Maybank Jr., Former Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina, candidate for Governor, SC Senator, and lawyer.
John McCain (1954), Republican senator from Arizona and the 2008 Republican Party candidate for President of the United States
R. Walton Moore, United States House of Representatives(D-VA), (1919-1931)
Andrew Nielson, Bass Guitar, The Lost Trailers
Stokes Nielson, Guitar, Vocals, Songwriter, The Lost Trailers
Jeff Potter, Drums, The Lost Trailers
Julian Robertson, financier
Quentin Roosevelt, youngest son of Theodore Roosevelt
Bryson Spinner, NFL QB, San Francisco 49ers
Ernest M. Stires, Episcopal Bishop of Long Island
Tian Zheng, Financier
References
Schools in Virginia
1839 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Virginia
High schools in the United States
Continental shelf

A continental shelf is the part of the continent that is under water. The shelf was part of the land during the ice ages in the glacial periods, but under water in the interglacial periods. We are at present in an interglacial period.
Every continent is in the sea, like an island. Most of the island is above the water line, and we see it as a continent. Some of it though, is below the water line. Beyond the continental shelf, the bottom goes down to much greater depths.
The continental shelf is a shallow ocean. It varies in depth, up to 140 metres deep. It varies greatly in its width. At the leading edge of a moving continental plate there will be little or no shelf. The western edge of the Americas are an example. The shelf on a passive edge of a plate will be wide and shallow. The widest shelf is the Siberian shelf in the Arctic Ocean: it is 1500 km (930 miles) in width.
Inland seas
There have been, at some periods, shallow seas inside continents. These are called epicontinental seas. Much of present-day North America was covered by an epicontinental sea called the Sundance Sea during the Jurassic period. In the Cretaceous an even larger area was covered by the Western Interior Seaway.
Ecology
Continental seas have the richest life of the oceans, more species and greater numbers than anywhere else. This is because it has both sunlight and nutrients for photosynthesis. This causes microscopic algae and cyanobacteria to bloom, and then animals eat the phytoplankton. Most of the nutrients in the oceans are washed down from the continents by rivers. In particular, the continents are almost the only source for some key elements such as iron. The lack of nutrients away from continents explains why so much of the Pacific Ocean is almost barren of life, and why the shelves are so rich in life.
Topography
The shelf usually ends at a point of decreasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. The character of the shelf changes dramatically at the shelf break, where the continental slope begins. With a few exceptions, the shelf break is located at a remarkably uniform depth of roughly ; this is likely a hallmark of past ice ages, when sea level was lower than it is now.p43
References
Landforms
Oceanography
Biomes
Bucha, Saale-Holzland

Bucha is a municipality in Saale-Holzland, in Thuringia, Germany.
References
Municipalities in Thuringia
The Fat of the Land

The Fat of the Land is the third studio album by the Prodigy. The Prodigy is an English electronic music group. It was released on 30 June 1997. The album was very popular. It went to number one on the UK Albums Chart and Billboard 200. These are music charts. The album has sold over 10 million copies. The album is certified platinum by the RIAA.
Track listing
References
1997 albums
Josephoartigasia

Josephoartigasia is an extinct genus of giant rodent from the Pliocene. It is related to the living pacarana. The genus includes the largest known rodent, Josephoartigasia monesi.
The two species would have looked like gigantic pacarana, or capybaras the size of cows. However, Dr Virginie Millien, from McGill University in Montreal, said the mathematical models originally used to calculate the rodent's mass from its skull probably overestimated its body size.
A recent report said it had big front teeth, which it might have used for defence.
References
Rodents
Piano Sonata No. 11 (Mozart)

The Piano Sonata No. 11 in A major, K. 331 is a piece of music for the piano. It was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was published in Vienna, Austria by Artaria in 1784. It is the second of a group of three piano sonatas. Mozart probably wrote the group in Salzburg in the summer of 1783. It was then that he brought his wife Constance (Weber) to his hometown to introduce her to his father Leopold. The first sonata in the group is No. 10 in C major, K. 330. The third is No. 12 in F major, K. 332. Mozart numbered this group of sonatas 1 through 3. He spent much time teaching during his early years in Vienna. It is likely that these sonatas were written for his pupils.
The A major sonata is unique among Mozart's piano sonatas. It does not include a movement in sonata form. The first movement is a lilting theme in 6/8 followed by six variations in A major and A minor. The last variation is in 4/4 time. The second movement is a Menuetto in A major with a contrasting section (called a Trio) in D major. It is written in 3/4 time. The third and final movement is the famous "Alla Turca" (Turkish March or Turkish Rondo) in 2/4 time. It is considered one of the finest examples of Viennese Turkish music that was produced in the late 18th century. The rondo's rolled block bass chords suggest the drum rolls of a Turkish Janissary band. In true classical style, the rondo alternates between major and minor keys, and loud and soft dynamics. The piece is a favorite for amateur recitals.
Notes
References
Piano Sonata 11
Bengt Åberg

Bengt Edvin Aberg (26 June 1944 - 6 March 2021) was a Swedish professional motocross racer. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1966 to 1979. He was a two-time FIM 500cc Motocross World Champion.
References
1944 births
Swedish sportspeople
Motorcycle racers
2021 deaths
Louis Jolliet

Louis Jolliet (September 21, 1645last seen May 1700) was a French-Canadian explorer. He was known for his discoveries in North America. Jolliet and Jesuit Father Jacques Marquette, a Catholic priest and missionary, were the first non-Natives to explore and map the Mississippi River in 1673.
This journey would lead them to present-day Chicago River and discovered an area near a portage which would later be known as Chicago.
References
1645 births
1700 deaths
French explorers
People from Quebec City
Hvidovre IF

Hvidovre Idraetsforening, mostly known as Hvidovre IF () is a Danish professional football club. It is from Hvidovre. The club is in the Danish Superliga. It plays its home matches at the Hvidovre Stadion.
The club was made in 1925. They have been crowned Danish champions three times, in 1966, 1973 and 1981. They won the Danish Cup in 1980.
Danish football clubs
1925 establishments in Europe
Davy lamp

The Davy lamp is a safety lamp for use in mines. It was invented in 1815 by Sir Humphry Davy.
It is a wick lamp with the flame enclosed inside a mesh screen. It was created for use in coal mines, where explosions happened in the presence of methane and other flammable gases. Those gases, called firedamyp or minedamp, did not ignite a shielded flame. The wire mesh put flames out.
The lamp also warned the men of carbon dioxide or methane. The flame would burn higher, and with a blue tinge. Modern versions of the lamp are still used to test mine gases, but the light for working is now electric.
References
Davy, Humphry 1816. On the fire-damp of coal mines, and on methods of lighting the mines so as to prevent its explosion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 106: 1.
Lamps
Log Cabin Republicans

Log Cabin Republicans (LCR) is an organization in the United States. They do work within the Republican Party. They work for equal rights for LGBT people in the United States.
On February 15, 2013, the National Board of Directors made Gregory T. Angelo the director.
History
Log Cabin Republicans began in 1977 in California as a cause for Republicans who were against the Briggs Initiative. The Briggs Initiative would have banned homosexuals from teaching in public schools. It called for the firing of openly gay or lesbian teachers.
Ronald Reagan, who was running for president, was against the Briggs Initiative.
LCR was against the re-election of George W. Bush in 2004 because of his support of the Federal Marriage Amendment.
Platform
LCR acts differently from socially conservative Republicans' views or is neutral. They work for same-sex marriage, domestic partner benefits and permanent removal of the estate tax.
The LCR has no official position on abortion.
References
1977 establishments in the United States
LGBT in the United States
Political organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Republican Party (United States)
Homosassa, Florida

Homosassa is a census-designated place (CDP) in Citrus County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,294 at the 2000 census.
Census-designated places in Florida
Valencian language

Valencian (valencia) is the historical, traditional, and official name used in the Valencian Community (Spain) for the language spoken in this region, also known as Catalan (catala) in the Spanish Autonomous Communities of Catalonia, Aragon and the Balearic Islands; in the country of Andorra; in the southern French region of the Roussillon; and in the Italian city of Alghero on the island of Sardinia.
In linguistics "Valencian" is also used to identify this distinctive variant spoken in central and southern Valencia which has gained its own currency within the Catalan domain.
Language or dialect?
The official authorities, which are the government of the Valencian Community and the Academia Valenciana de la Llengua, accept Valencian as a dialect of Catalan. The Real Academia de Cultura Valenciana and several associations disbelieve this opinion . They believe Valencian is a language in its own. They also accuse the official authorities of mixing Valencian with Catalan. This is done by approaching the Valencian ortography and grammar to the Catalan one.
References
Romance languages
Valencian Community
Languages of Spain
Braddell MRT station

Braddell MRT station (NS18) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station located on the North South Line in Toa Payoh, Singapore. It was the first underground station on the MRT network with side platforms due to space constraints.
Former Codes
Formerly the code was: N9
Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)
Other websites
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
1987 establishments in Singapore
Balm bei Günsberg

Balm bei Gunsberg is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Carmen Electra

Tara Leigh Patrick (born April 20, 1972), professionally known as Carmen Electra, is an American actress, model, singer and media personality. Dubbed a "sex symbol" and "pop culture icon", Electra came to widespread recognition for playing Lani McKenzine in Baywatch (1998-1999) and for her work in 2000s parody films. She also appeared in the films Get Over It (2001), Starsky & Hutch (2004), Cheaper by the Dozen 2 (2005) and Hot Tamale (2006), hosted the MTV show Singled Out (1997-1999) and featured with The Pussycat Dolls as a guest dancer on VH1 Divas 2004.
Filmography
American Vampire (1997)
Good Burger (1997)
Starstruck (1998)
The Chosen One: Legend of the Raven (1998)
The Mating Habits of the Earthbound Human (1999)
Christmas Vacation 2000 (1999)
Scary Movie (2000)
Sol Goode (2001)
Perfume (2001)
Get Over It (2001)
Rent Control (2002)
Whacked! (2002)
Uptown Girls (2003)
My Boss's Daughter (2003)
Starsky & Hutch (2004)
Mr. 3000 (2004)
Max Havoc: Curse of the Dragon (2004)
Monster Island (2004)
Dirty Love (2005)
Lil' Pimp (2005) (direct-to-DVD) (voice)
Searching for Bobby D (2005)
Getting Played (2005)
Cheaper by the Dozen 2 (2005)
Date Movie (2006)
Scary Movie 4 (2006)
Hot Tamale (2006)
lonelygirl362436 (2006)
National Lampoon's Pledge This! (2006)
Epic Movie (2007)
I Want Candy (2007)
Full of It (2007)
Vaya par de productorex (2007)
Christmas in Wonderland (2007)
Meet the Spartans (2008)
Last Call at Murray's (2008)
Disaster Movie (2008)
Leisure Suit Larry: Box Office Bust (2009) (voice)
Mardi Gras (2009)
References
Other websites
Official website
Actors from Ohio
American dancers
Models from Ohio
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Singers from Ohio
Television personalities from Ohio
1972 births
Living people
Electropop singers
Road Town

Road Town, on Tortola, is the capital of the British Virgin Islands. It is next to the horseshoe-shaped Road Harbour in the centre of the island's south coast. About 9,400 people lived there in 2004.
The name comes from sailing. "The roads" means a place less sheltered than a harbor but where ships stop. Its marina made Road Town a popular place in the Caribbean for chartering yachts. Cruise ships often dock here. Road Town also has tourism.
The Harbour is the dock for many of the ferries servicing the island. The ferry terminal is at the southwest end of Road Town. Ferries run during the day every day of the week. A 28 hectare (70 acre) development called Wickham's Cay, is on two areas of man-made land. The HM Prison on Main Street is the oldest building in Road Town. It was built in the 1840s. People disagree about where the borders of the town are.
History
The Emancipation Proclamation was read on 1 August 1834. This gave slaves their freedom, even though slavery had been officially abolished in 1807.
In 1853, a fire destroyed nearly every building in Road Town. Angry rioters spread the fire to protest an increase on the cattle tax. Rioters burned most of the plantations across the island.
References
Other websites
Ferry Schedule
Tortola Map & Guide
Detailed map of Road Town
Article from Encyclopedia Britannica
Real Travel/Frommer's Travel Guide to Road Town
National capitals in North America
British Virgin Islands
Peter Travers

Peter Travers is an American movie critic. He works for Rolling Stone and People. He is known for listing movies or directors in the "Top Ten List" which includes Martin Scorsese, David Lynch, Paul Thomas Anderson, Clint Eastwood, Christopher Nolan, Joel and Ethan Coen, and Ang Lee.
References
Other websites
The Travers Take at Rolling Stone
Movie Reviews at Rolling Stone
Peter Travers at Rotten Tomatoes
Popcorn with Peter Travers on ABC News
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American movie critics
American journalists
Slush

Slush, also called slush ice, is a mixture of snow and liquid water.
In the natural environment, slush is made when ice or snow melts. This often mixes with dirt and other materials, resulting in a gray or muddy brown color. Ice and snow can often block the draining of water from slushy areas, so slush often freezes and melts multiple times before completely disappearing.
In areas where road salt is used to clear roadways, slush forms at lower temperatures than it would usually in salted areas. This can cause many differences, even in the same area.
Hazards
Slush behaves like a non-Newtonian fluid, which means it acts solid until its inner shear forces reach a certain amount. When this happens, it can suddenly become fluid. This makes the behaviour of slush very unpredictable. This is the reason avalanches happen and are so unpredictable. This gives them potential to become a hidden natural hazard.
Too much slush can be a problem on an aircraft runway since it cause resistance on the aircraft's wheels. This can cause accidents such as the Munich air disaster. Slush on roads can also increase the braking distances for cars and trucks, increasing the chance of rear end crashes and other accidents.
Slush can be dangerous and slippery in overnight frost.
Sometimes, slush can be helpful. When snow hits slush, it melts on contact. This stops roads from becoming too full of snow or sleet.
References
Waggle dance

The waggle dance is a special 'figure-of-eight' dance that is done by the honey bee in its hive. By this, a worker tells the others where it has found nectar. This was shown by the Austrian ethologist Karl von Frisch.
The dance is a type of communication for bees. It is done to give other bees information about the direction and distance to flowers that have nectar or pollen, or both. It is also used to tell the bees where water can be found.
The dance is used for bees to get others to help them collect resources for the hive. It used to be thought that bees have two distinct "recruitment" dances. There were the "round dances" and waggle dances. Round dances were thought to be used for things that were close by and wiggle dances were for things farther away. It is now known that a round dance is only a waggle dance with a very short "waggle run" (see below).
Description
A waggle dance is made up of one to 100 or more circuits. Each circuit has two phases. These phases are the waggle phase and the return phase. When a bee returns to the hive after finding a good food source, it performs the dance. The bee will run through a small wave-like pattern (a waggle run or waggle phase). After this, it will turn to the right and circle back to the starting point (the return phase). It will then do another waggle run and then turn to the left and circle back to the beginning. The waggle phase of the dance is the most notable and informative part of the dance.
The direction and duration of waggle runs show the direction and distance to flowers. Flowers that are located directly in line with the sun are shown by waggle runs in an upward direction on the vertical combs. If the flowers are at an angle to the right or left of the sun, the waggle run is done at the same angle to the upward direction. The distance between hive and flowers is shown in the duration of the waggle runs. The farther the flowers are from the hive, the longer the waggle phase. For every 100 meters the flowers are distant from the hive, the waggle phase lasts about 75 milliseconds.
Applications to operations research
People study the swarm intelligence of social insects and animals such as fish, birds, and ants. Recently, there has been research on using bee waggle dance behavior for fault-tolerant routing. From the abstract of Wedde, Farooq, and Zhang (2004)
Another technique based on bees is called bee colony optimization. It is used help Internet servers communicate better.
Other reading
Gould JL 1975. Honey bee recruitment: the dance-language controversy. Science 189:685-693.
Riley JR, Greggers U, Smith AD, Reynolds DR, Menzel R 2005. The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance". Nature 435:205-207.
Seeley TD 1995. The wisdom of the hive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
von Frisch K 1967. The dance language and orientation of bees. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Other websites
Communication and Recruitment to Food Sources by Apis mellifera - USDA-ARS (accessed 2005-03)
Honeybee Communication - Kimball's Biology Pages (accessed 2005-09)
References
Animal communication
Bees
Shidler, Oklahoma

Shidler is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.
Cities in Oklahoma
Albano Vercellese

Albano Vercellese is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Egling

Egling is a municipality in Bad Tolz-Wolfratshausen, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
References
Bad Tolz-Wolfratshausen
Rhodesia at the Olympics

Rhodesia at the Olympics is a history which began in 1928.
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Rhodesia is RHO.
History
A team from Rhodesia was first in the Olympic Games in 1928. They were also at the 1960 Summer Olympics and 1964 Summer Olympics. The country always competed as a British territory. It was unable to be in the 1968 Games in Mexico.
Following Ian Smith's declaration of an independent Rhodesian republic in 1970, they never competed again. In 1972 Rhodesia was expelled by the International Olympic Committee four days before the opening ceremony. This was due to pressure from other African countries, which did not recognise the legitimacy of the Rhodesian state. The country's successor state, Zimbabwe, made its Olympic debut in 1980.
Rhodesia was never in the Winter Olympics. No Rhodesian athlete ever won an Olympic medal.
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
Zimbabwe at the Olympics
References
Former nations at the Olympics
Rhodesia
Weak acid

A weak acid is an acid chemical which does not dissociate (split into ions) completely in water solution. This means it does not give all its hydrogen ions into the water. Weak acids typically have a pH between 3 and 6.
Acetic acid (CH3COOH) and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) are examples of weak acids. If an acid is represented by HA, then there is a balance between molecules which are split (ionised), and molecules which are not:
The relative strength of an acid can be expressed using Ka, the acid ionization constant. In general, the larger a Ka, the stronger the acid, while a smaller Ka indicates a relatively weaker acid. Weak acids will have a Ka value of less than 1, while strong acids will have a Ka value greater than 1.
Acids
Jesup, Iowa

Jesup is a city in Buchanan County in Iowa in the United States. Part of it is also in Black Hawk County. The population was 2,508 at the 2020 census. It was named after Morris Ketchum Jesup, president of the Dubuque and Sioux City Railroad.
References
Cities in Iowa
The Milli Gazette

Milli Gazette (MG) is an English-language newspaper in India. It is a compact newspaper. It describes itself as the leading English newspaper for Indian Muslims. Feature articles generally cover global news concerning Muslims, focusing especially on Indian Muslim issues.
References
Other websites
Official website
Milli Gazette E-paper
Google Directory Listing of Newspapers from India
English-language newspapers published in India
Pelkosenniemi

Pelkosenniemi is a municipality in Finnish Lapland, Finland. It had almost 1,000 people living there in August 2013. It has the smallest population among municipalities in Lapland. The municipalities next to it are Kemijarvi, Rovaniemi, Salla, Savukoski, and Sodankyla.
Villages
Aapajarvi, Arvospuoli, Kairala, Kiemunkivaara, Luiro, Pelkosenniemi, Pyhajarvi, Saunavaara and Suvanto.
Other websites
The official Pelkosenniemi page
Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Jacky Ickx

Jacques Bernard "Jacky" Ickx (last name pronounced "Ix" or "Icks") (born 1 January 1945 in Brussels) is a Belgian former racing driver. He had 25 podium finishes in Formula One and six wins in the 24 hours of Le Mans.
Racing record
Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
1945 births
Living people
Belgian racecar drivers
Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Brussels
Budget padding controversy

Budget padding controversy was a controversy that affected the House of Representatives of Nigeria. It led to the suspension of Abdulmumin Jibril, the chairman of the House Committee on Appropriation. He was suspended for 180 legislative days and removed as Chair, House Committee on Appropriation in June 2016 over an allegation he leveled against the speaker of the house, Yakubu Dogara and three other principal members of the house of representatives, Yusuf Sulaimon Lasun, Alhassan Doguwa and Leo Okuweh Ogor.
On 20 July 2016, Jibril accused the speaker of the house and the principal officers of fraud, corruption, and paddling of the 2016 budget and this led to his suspension on 28 September 2016. He was suspended for 180 legislative days.<ref
name="Nigerian Breaking News, Investigative stories,Features, Videos,Pictures, Entertainment, Business Stories e.t.c. 2016"></ref>
According to Premium Times Nigeria, Jibril said "My resolve to champion this cause was borne out of patriotism and desire to complement the present administration's anti-corruption war from the legislative front,"
He claimed that the principal officers including the speaker of the House allotted to themselves a sum of N40 billion out of the 100 billion naira apportioned to the House of Representatives. He indicted the speaker and accused him of aiming to smuggle the sum of 30 billion naira into the 2016 budget. The speaker rebutted the allegation and subsequently described it as blackmail.
In a counter claim, the lawmakers through the Chairman, Committee on Media and Public Affairs, Abdulrazak Namdas stated that his suspension was connected to his investigation by the Economic and Financial Crime Commission and abuse of power during his tenure as Chairman of Finance Committee.
On 13 March 2018, his suspension was rescinded by the lawmakers after he submitted an apology letter to the House.
References
2010s in Nigeria
Politics of Nigeria
Controversies
Banya

A banya is a Russian wooden house with a steam room. It is also refers to bathhouse. The banya has also a wood stove to make heat. The main idea of banya is to cause sweat in the bathers.
Usually, the banya (wooden house) is near a river. The bathers jump into the river to cool down after being in the banya.
History
In 440 b.c.e., the Ancient Greek history writer Herodotus wrote about people who live in what is Russia today.
One early mention of the banya is in the Konigsberg Letopis. The first full description of a banya is in the East Slavic Primary Chronicles of 1113.
At some times in history, women would go to the banya to give birth to babies. After a funeral, the friends and family of a dead person sometimes go to a banya together.
Throughout Russian history, the banya has been used by people in all classes. Poor workers would get clean in a banya after work. Rich Russians sometimes had private banya. Sometimes, the bather will jump into a river or a pile of snow instead.
Today, banya have separate places for men and women. Bathers do not have to be naked.
Common rules
Banya have three rooms: a changing room or predbannik where people change clothes, a washing room, and steam room or parilka.
If the banya is for men and women, bathers should wear bathing suits. If the banya has separate places for men and women, bathers are usually naked.
Process
Banya are often hotter than 93degC.
Bathers sit on a small mat to protect their skin from the hot wood. Bathers usually wear felt hats while they sit in the banya. During the banya bath, bathers use a broom or besom. Bathers hit each other with the branches like a massage. Sometimes friends hit each other with branches. Sometimes a professional masseuse does. The last part of the banya is when someone throws a bucket of cool or cold water on the bather.
The biggest difference between a banya and sauna are that the banya has steam and most saunas use dry air.
Health
Starting in the 1800s, doctors and scientists decided to study the banya. They already had an idea that it was good for health. Most of their studies were not good by today's scientific rules, but they told many people to go to the banya for their health.
Folklore
In Slavic mythology there is a spirit called a bannik that lives in the banya under the bench. The bannik throws hot water or hot rocks at rude bathers.
Related pages
Sauna
Sento
Jjimjilbang
Bathhouse
References
Hygiene
Healthcare
Russian culture
Nazca

Nazca is a city in Peru. It is in the Ica Region.
Cities in Peru
Våmhus

Vamhus is a locality in Mora Municipality in Dalarna County in Sweden. In 2010, 857 people lived there. It is by the northwestern shorlines of the Orsa Lake.
References
Settlements in Dalarna County
Hugh Hudson

Hugh Hudson (25 August 1936 - 10 February 2033) was an English movie director. Hudson directed the 1981 Academy Award and BAFTA Award Best Picture Chariots of Fire. He was born in London.
References
Other websites
Hugh Hudson at BFI
Hugh Hudson at TCM UK
Hugh Hudson at ScreenOnline
Hugh Hudson at AllMovie
Hugh Hudson showreel
1936 births
2023 deaths
Movie directors from London
Lech Wałęsa

Lech Walesa (Polish: Lech Walesa (pronounced [lex va'wesa])) (born September 29, 1943) is a Polish shipyard worker, trade unionist and a politician who used to be the leader of Solidarity and the President of Poland between 1990 and 1995. Walesa won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983.
References
1943 births
Living people
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Nonviolence advocates
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Polish Nobel Prize winners
Polish Roman Catholics
Presidents of Poland
Time People of the Year
Trade unionists
Anti-communists
Mendon, Utah

Mendon is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States.
Cities in Utah
Abbas Abdi

Abbas Abdi (; ; born 1 October 1956) is one of Iran's most influential reformists, journalist, self-taught sociologist and social activist.
References
1956 births
Living people
Politicians from Tehran
Iranian journalists
St. Catharines

St. Catharines is the biggest city in the Niagara Region of Canada. Nearly 132,000 people live in St. Catharines as of 2006.
Sister cities
Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Other websites
City of St. Catharines' Official Website
Cities in Ontario
Donald Justice

Donald Rodney Justice (August 12, 1925 - August 6, 2004) was an American poet and teacher of writing. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1980.
Justice got a B.A. in English literature from the University of Miami. He also later studied at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Stanford University, and the Iowa Writers' Workshop. He taught at the University of Iowa, Syracuse University, Princeton University, and the University of Florida-Gainesville.
Selected Poems won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1980.
Books
The Old Bachelor and Other Poems (1951)
The Summer Anniversaries (1960, 1981)
A Local Storm (1963)
Night Light (1967, 1981)
Sixteen Poems (1970)
From a Notebook (1971)
Departures (1973)
Selected Poems (1979)
Tremayne (1984)
The Sunset Maker (1987)
A Donald Justice Reader (1991)
New and Selected Poems (1995)
Orpheus Hesitated beside the Black River: Poems, 1952-1997 (1998)
Collected Poems (2004)
References
1925 births
2004 deaths
American poets
Monterey, California

Monterey is a city in Monterey County in the U.S. state of California. It is on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on California's Central Coast.
It stands at an elevation of above sea level, on a land area of . The 2020 census recorded a population of 30,218. Monterey had a big herring industry, which went bust because of overfishing. Cannery Row in Monterey was where the fish were packaged.
Cannery Row was the setting of John Steinbeck's novels Cannery Row (1945) and Sweet Thursday (1954). Both were the basis for the 1982 movie Cannery Row, starring Nick Nolte and Debra Winger. It is also mentioned in Bob Dylan's song "Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands". Sea otters still dive for abalone shellfish
Pacific Biological Laboratories, a biological supply house, was located at 800 Ocean View Avenue (now 800 Cannery Row) from 1928 to 1948. It was operated by Edward F. Ricketts. He was the inspiration for several characters in Steinbeck novels. The laboratory is still preserved.
There is a variety of natural habitats in Monterey: the closed-cone pine forest has pines whose cones only open after a fire (this is called "seroteny"). The idea is that the seeds drop onto ground with few occupants, so have the best chance of developing into trees. Coast live oaks often grow nearby.
References
Cities in California
Settlements in Monterey County, California
Sean Avery

Sean Christopher Avery (born April 10, 1980 in Pickering, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. He played 12 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Detroit Red Wings, Los Angeles Kings, New York Rangers, and Dallas Stars. Avery was known for his agitating playing style, as well as his controversial behavior both on and off the ice.
He has also worked as an intern for Vogue, a male model and a restaurateur.
Avery has been featured on MTV Cribs, Punk'd and TRL and has also opened a sports bar called, Warren 77 in Manhattan.
References
Other websites
1980 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian models
Dallas Stars players
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
New York Rangers players
Ontario Hockey League players
Rubén Tierrablanca Gonzalez

Ruben Tierrablanca Gonzalez (24 August 1952 - 23 December 2020) was a Mexican-born Turkish Roman Catholic bishop. Tierrablanca Gonzalez was born in Guanajuato, Mexico. He became a priest in 1978. He was titular bishop of Tubernuca and as Vicar Apostolic of Apostolic Vicariate of Istanbul and Apostolic Administrator of Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Istanbul, from 2016 until his death in office in 2020.
Tierrablanca Gonzalez died in Istanbul, Turkey at age 68, from COVID-19 in Istanbul, Turkey.
References
1952 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey
Turkish Christian clergy
Mexican people
Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic priests
Sardine

Sardine is a name of several kinds of fish, especially oily fish. Another name for these fish is Pilchard. All of those fish are quite small and are related to the herring. The Latin name of the family of these fish is Clupeidae. However, the naming is not precise. Fishbase, a database about all kinds of fish, has six species just named pilchard. There are over a dozen with the name of sardine. Many more exist, with the basic names qualified by adjectives.
The fish are named after the Island of Sardinia. In the past, they could easily be fished there.
Many shops and supermarkets sell canned (or tinned) sardines. The can is filled in liquids like water or oil. Very often, those fish are not sardines, but rather sprats or round herrings.
Gallery
References
Clupeiformes
Edible fish
Canons of Dort

The Canons of Dort, also called the Canons of Dordrecht (full name: The Decision of the Synod of Dort on the Five Main Points of Doctrine in Dispute in the Netherlands) is the ruling of the National Synod (or meeting) that took place in the Dutch city of Dordrecht from 1618-1619. Dordrecht is often called Dort in English.
Today, the Canons of Dort are part of the Three Forms of Unity, which is one of the confession standards of many of the Reformed churches around the world. The Reformed churches continued use of the Canons as a standard keeps the Reformed churches from being in full harmony with the followers of Jacob Arminius, the Remonstrants and the Dutch Reformed Churches, who disagree with the Canons.
The Canons are not supposed to be an absolute explanation of the Reformed doctrine, but only explain the five points of doctrine that were being argued over. These Canons introduced the Five Points of Calvinism.
Books on the Canons
But for the Grace of God by Cornelis P. Venema
The Golden Chain of Salvation by John Bouwers
Unspeakable Comfort by Peter Feenstra
The Voice of our Fathers by Homer Hoeksema
The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination by Lorraine Boettner
The Synod of Dordt by Thomas Scott
The Canons of Dordt by Henry Peterson
The Five Points of Calvinism by David Steele and Curtis Thomas
The Works of John Owen, Vol. 10
TULIP by William Jay Hornbeck II
Other websites
English Translation of the Canons of Dort
Spanish Translation of the Canons of Dort
http://www.crcna.org/pages/dort_canons_main.cfm
Canons of Dort
Audio Recording of the Canons of Dort (mp3)
1619
Calvinism
Christian texts
Dordrecht
History of the Netherlands
Protestantism in the Netherlands
Protestant theology
Savory (herb)

Satureja is a genus of aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae, related to rosemary and thyme. There are about 30 species called savories, of which Summer Savory and Winter Savory are the most important in cultivation.
Selected species
Satureja acinos
Satureja alpina
Satureja coerulea
Satureja cuneifolia
Satureja douglasii - Yerba Buena (syn. S. chamissonis)
Satureja hortensis - Summer Savory
Satureja mexicana
Satureja montana - Winter Savory
Satureja multiflora - Chilean Shrub Mint
Satureja palmeri (believed extinct; rediscovered 2001)
Satureja rumelica
Satureja spicigera
Satureja thymbra
Satureja viminea - Serpentine Savory
Satureja viminea
Satureja vulgaris - Wild Basil
Lamiaceae
Herbs