pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Standard

A standard is a basis for comparison. Standards are made either by many people that agree on something, or if some organisation makes it so. There are many different standards in many fields of daily life. Standards are important so that correct comparisons can be produced.
Other standards make things work together. For example, rail cars with a standard gauge can run on tracks that follow the same standard. Communication protocols such as Morse code and USB are standards that allow different machines and people to communicate.
Measurement
The International System of Units is a standard that is agreed on by most countries. In it there is metre (or meter). It measures length. A rod (made from a special material) is in Paris. The length of the rod said, years ago, how long a meter is. When people wanted to measure something, they compared it to the length of the rod. For practical purposes, the length of the rod was divided by 10 (to get dezimeter), by 10 (to get centimeter), and so on.
The iridium rod as it is called is the original measure of meter. Now new ways of measuring the meter have been utilized such as the measuring the wavelength of radiation from a certain chemical element to determine an exact meter.
Music
A standard in music is a song that remains very popular, and is performed and recorded by many different artists. Such songs include "Sentimental Journey" written by Les Brown and Ben Homer, "Yesterday" and "Something" by members of The Beatles. Many of Hank Williams's songs have become standards in country music.
Related pages
International standard
Standard Model of Cosmology
Standard temperature and pressure
Standardization
Measurement
Arrondissements of the Ardèche department

There are 3 arrondissements in the Ardeche department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.
If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.
Arrondissements are further divided into communes.
The arrondissements of the Ardeche are:
History
Since its creation, the Ardeche department has had few changes:
1790 : creation of the department with seven districts: Annonay, Aubenas, L'Argentiere, Privas, Tournon, Vernoux and Villeneuve-de-Berg; the capital was Privas alternating with Annonay, Aubenas, Le Bourg(-Saint-Andeol) and Tournon. In August of that year, the number of districts was reduced to three: Mezenc, Aubenas and Tanargue. In September, Privas became the only capital of the department.
1800 : creation of three arrondissements: Privas, L'Argentiere and Tournon.
1988 : Tournon changed its name to Tournon-sur-Rhone.
Related pages
Arrondissement of Largentiere
Arrondissement of Privas
Arrondissement of Tournon-sur-Rhone
List of arrondissements of France
References
The Persistence of Memory

The Persistence of Memory (; ) is a painting by artist Salvador Dali. It was done in 1931. It is one of his most famous paintings.
The painting was first shown in 1932. It has been in the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City since 1934. The painting typifies what critics call "surrealism".
It is easy to recognise and is often used in popular culture.
Description
The painting was the first to have a melting pocket watch, called a "soft watch". Some people thought that the soft watch was inspired by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Dali said that the watches were not inspired by the theory of relativity, but by Camembert cheese melting in the sun.
There is a human in the middle of the painting. The orange clock at the bottom left is covered in ants. Dali often used ants in his paintings as a symbol for death.
The Persistence of Memory uses "the exactitude of realist painting techniques".The painting looks more like something a person might see in a dream, rather than awake.
Landscape
The rocks to the right are supposed to be a tip of the Cap de Creus peninsula in north-eastern Catalonia. Many of Dali's paintings were inspired by the landscapes of Catalonia. There is a strange shadow in the foreground of the painting, which is a reference to Mount Pani.
Versions
Dali returned to this idea with The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory (1954). This painting is in the Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The first Persistence of Memory is in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Dali also made many lithographs and sculptures of soft watches.
References
Other websites
The Persistence of Memory on Authentic Society
The Persistence of Memory in the MoMA Online Collection
"Keep your eyes wide shut" by Kelly Grovier in The Observer
The mapping cylinder from the Fomenko et al. book
Homotopic Topology
Salvador Dali Museum, St. Petersburg FL USA
1930s paintings
Spanish paintings
1931 works
Elbe-Elster

Elbe-Elster is a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany.
History
The district was established in 1993 by merging the former districts (Kreise) of Finsterwalde, Bad Liebenwerda and Herzberg.
Geography
The district is named after two rivers: The Elbe river forms the western border with Saxony. The Schwarze Elster ("Black Elster") is a tributary of the Elbe and runs through the district. The district is part of the Lusatia region. The fens along the Black Elster are a habitat of several rare animals, like kingfishers, beavers and otters.
Coat of arms
Towns and municipalities
Other websites
Official Website
Touristic website
Rural Districts of Brandenburg
Millennium University

The Millennium University or TMU is a Bangladeshi private university. This university was established in 2004 by Khan Foundation.
2004 establishments in Asia
Colleges and universities in Dhaka
Paul Langerhans

Paul Langerhans (25 July 1847 - 20 July 1888) was a German pathologist, physiologist and biologist. He was credited with the discovery of the cells that secrete insulin. The cells were named after him as the islets of Langerhans.
References
1847 births
1888 deaths
German physiologists
German biologists
Tribune East Tower

Tribune Tower East is a proposed mixed use tower on the eastern edge of the Tribune Tower property in the Streeterville area of the Near North Side community areas of Chicago. If completed, the skyscraper would become the second-tallest in Chicago.
Plans were officially announced for a tall 200-unit hotel, 439-apartment and 125-condominium building on April 16, 2018. These plans make the building shorter than the Willis Tower, the city's tallest.
On mid-October 2018, the Chicago Plan Commission approved the plans for the city's second tallest building. Chicago City Council approved the plans in an October 31 meeting.
References
Proposed skyscrapers in the United States
Bus Stop (movie)

Bus Stop is a 1956 American romantic comedy-drama movie directed by Joshua Logan and was based on the 1955 play of the same name by William Inge. It stars Marilyn Monroe, Don Murray (in his Oscar-nominated role), Arthur O'Connell, Betty Field, Eileen Heckart, Robert Bray, Hope Lange and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was spun-off into a TV series Bus Stop in 1961 and ran for one season.
References
Other websites
1956 romantic comedy movies
1956 romantic drama movies
1950s comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies based on plays
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Joshua Logan
Movies adapted into television series
Movies set in Montana
Movies set in Arizona
Movies set in Utah
Uncle B

Uncle B is the debut studio album by English hip hop group N-Dubz. The album is dedicated to N-Dubz's first manager and father of Dappy, Byron Contostavlos. He died shortly before the band were signed to their second record label All Around the World. The album was released 17 November 2008. This is even though the group started recording it in 2006. The delay was because to the group changing record label from LRC to All Around the World.
Tracklist
Charts
References
2008 albums
Debut albums
N-Dubz albums
Hip hop albums
Grime albums
R&B albums
Tomokazu Harimoto

Tomokazu Harimoto (; ; ; born 27 June 2003 in Sendai) is a male Japanese table tennis player of Chinese origin.
Career
Harimoto started to play table tennis with two years- that time at home at a kitchen table. In 2014 he came to the third round at the Japanese National Championships. At the Japan Open he began to play international. He was on position 826 in the world. At the Safir Open 2015 in Orebro he beat two top-100-players and came under the top 100 in the world. So he was the youngest player ever that came to the main round. At the Polish Open he met Ma Long and lost 0:4 to him. 2016 he took part in the Youth-World Championships, where he won gold in the singles and with the team, too. So Harimoto came under the top 60 in the world. At the Slovenian Open Tomokazu was the youngest player again, who reached the Quarterfinals in the singles. Also he won the Japan Open in the singles and became so youngest player ever who wins a World Tour event. In the U-18 world ranking system he became number one. One year later he reached the final again but lost to Dimitrij Ovtcharov. At the World Championships he was the youngest player who reached the Quarterfinals at a WTTC, in the world rankings for adults he became place 20. At the Czech Open he won his first World Tour event- in the final he beat the German table tennis star Timo Boll and got another record. 2018 he beat Jun Mizutani (his teammate) and won so the Japanese National Championships for the first time. After participation at the WTTTC 2018, he came to the top 10.
Results
Singles
Czech Open: 2017 Gold
Youth- WTTC: Gold 2016
Japan Open: Gold 2016
Japanese National Championships: Gold 2018
World Championships: Quarterfinals 2017
Team
World Championships: Quarterfinals 2018
World Team Cup: Silver 2018
Youth- WTTC: Gold 2016
Results from the ITTF-databank
Family and Chinese origin
Harimotos parents were table tennis players from China. In 1998 they came to Japan and worked there as table tennis coaches. Harimoto came 2003 in Japan under the name Zhang Zhihe to the world. But he does have the Japanese citizenship he got the name Tomokazu Harimoto.
References
Living people
2003 births
People from Sendai
Table tennis players
Caterpillar Inc.

Caterpillar Inc. is an American company that manufactures engines and machinery for mining and construction projects. It also provides insurance and loans for businesses to buy their products. The company is the largest manufacturer of construction machinery in the world. It produces equipment such as excavators, bulldozers and mining trucks.
Caterpillar Inc. is a public company and trades on the NASDAQ under the stock ticker CAT. Caterpillar stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
The company was founded on April 15, 1925 in California. It is headquartered in Deerfield, Illinois.
Subsidiaries
Caterpillar owns several smaller companies. Some of these have changed their names and become part of the Caterpillar brand. Others have kept their own name.
Perkins Engines is a company in the United Kingdom that make diesel engines
Progress Rail is an American company that makes railway locomotives
Solar Turbines is an American company that makes gas turbines for generating electricity
Other websites
Official website
References
1925 establishments in California
Companies based in Illinois
American automobile companies
American clothing companies
American financial companies
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Motors
Memorial Cup

The 'Memorial Cup is the trophy for the winners of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL). Every year, winning teams from the three CHL leagues, the Western Hockey League (WHL), the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), and the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), and the hosting team, compete in a tournament. The Spokane Chiefs are the most recent winners.
Ice hockey trophies and awards
Memorial Cup
Saint-Étienne-de-Brillouet

Saint-Etienne-de-Brillouet is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Communes in Vendee
Łódź Voivodeship

Lodz Voivodeship is one of the 16 voivodeships of Poland. The capital city is also named Lodz.
Protected areas
Protected areas in Lodz Voivodeship include seven Landscape Parks, as listed below.
Bolimow Landscape Park (partly in Masovian Voivodeship)
Lodz Hills Landscape Park
Przedborz Landscape Park (partly in Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship)
Spala Landscape Park
Sulejow Landscape Park
Warta-Widawka Landscape Park
Zalecze Landscape Park (partly in Silesian Voivodeship)
References
Voivodeships of Poland
Voiced alveolar lateral flap

The voiced alveolar lateral tap or flap is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
Half Past Dead

Half Past Dead is a 2002 American action movie. It was directed by Don Michael Paul and was produced by Elie Samaha, Steven Seagal, and Andrew Stevens. Half Past Dead was released on November 15, 2002. It was the last theatrical release to feature Steven Seagal in many countries until Machete was released in 2010.
The movie gained negative reviews from critics and holds a 3% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It was also ranked #19 on Rotten Tomatoes' 100 worst films of the 2000s. Movie critic Roger Ebert stated: "Half Past Dead is like an alarm that goes off with nobody in the room. It does its job, stops, and nobody cares." Seagal was nominated a Razzie Award in the category of Worst Actor at the 2003 Golden Raspberry Awards but lost to Roberto Benigni in Pinocchio.
Cast
Steven Seagal as Sasha Petrosevitch
Morris Chestnut as 49er One / Donald Robert Johnson
Ja Rule as Nicolas "Nick" Frazier
Nia Peeples as 49er Six
Tony Plana as Warden Juan Ruiz "El Fuego" Escarzaga
Kurupt as Twitch
Michael "Bear" Talliferro as Little Joe
Claudia Christian as Special Agent Ellen "E. Z." Williams
Linda Thorson as Judge Jane McPherson
Bruce Weitz as Lester McKenna
Michael McGrady as Guard Damon J. Kestner
Richard Bremmer as Sony Eckvall
Hannes Jaenicke as Agent Hartmann
Matt Battaglia as 49er Three
Wiliam T. Bowers as Alcatraz Guard
References
Other websites
2002 action movies
American action movies
American prison movies
English-language movies
Gangster movies
Movies set in Germany
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies composed by Tyler Bates
Poor White

Poor White is a sociocultural classification used to describe economically disadvantaged Whites in the English-speaking world, especially White Americans with low incomes.
Race
Vétroz

Vetroz is a municipality of the district of Conthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Valais
Ripon

Ripon is a small cathedral city in North Yorkshire, England. In the 2001 census Ripon had a population of 15,922. In England only Wells, Ely and the City of London are smaller.
Ripon was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. It stayed a borough in the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. Under the Local Government Act 1972 it became a parish in the borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire. Because it is an urban (town) parish Ripon can call its parish council Ripon City Council, the chairman of its parish council is called the City Mayor.
Other websites
Photos of Ripon and surrounding area
Ripon Tourist, Community and Business Information
Ripon Tourist Information and Business Directory
Ripon & District Amateur Radio Society
Ripon Cathedral
The Ripon Gazette
A history of the choristers of Ripon Cathedral
Newby Hall Cricket Club - Nurturing the future of cricket
References
Settlements in North Yorkshire
Cities in England
Hersiwil

Hersiwil is a former municipality of the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Heinrichswil-Winistorf and Hersiwil merged to form the new municipality of Drei Hofe.
References
Former municipalities of Solothurn
Donn Trenner

Donald "Donn" Trenner (March 10, 1927 - May 16, 2020) was an American jazz pianist and arranger. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut. In the 1960s, Trenner worked as a studio musician, and led The Steve Allen Show house band.
From 1966 to 1978, he was married to actress B. J. Ward. From 1990 until her death in 2005, he was married to Marycarmen Jones. They had one daughter.
Trenner died on May 16, 2020 at the age of 93.
References
Other websites
Donn Trenner Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2004)
1927 births
2020 deaths
American jazz musicians
American pianists
Musicians from New Haven, Connecticut
Barney Martin

Barney Martin (March 3, 1923 - March 21, 2005) was an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Morty Seinfeld, father of Jerry, on the famous sitcom Seinfeld.
Martin was born on March 3, 1923 in Queens, New York to an Irish-Catholic family. Martin died on March 21, 2005 in his home in Studio City, California from lung cancer, aged 82.
References
Other websites
Obituary for Barney Martin in The New York Times
1923 births
2005 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American stage actors
American television actors
American television personalities
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from lung cancer
Seinfeld
Geauga County, Ohio

Geauga County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. At the 2020 census, 95,397 people lived there. The county seat is Chardon.
It is named for a Onondaga or Seneca language word meaning 'raccoon', originally the name of the Grand River.
Geauga County is part of the Cleveland-Elyria, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2008, Forbes Magazine ranked Geauga County as the fourth best place in America to raise a family.
About 20% of the county's population is Amish, as of 2017.
References
1800s establishments in Ohio
1806 establishments
Ohio counties
Ablon-sur-Seine

Ablon-sur-Seine is a commune. It is in the Val-de-Marne department in France.
Communes in Val-de-Marne
Cardinal number

Cardinal numbers (or cardinals) are numbers that say how many of something there are, for example: one, two, three, four, five, six. They are sometimes called counting numbers.
The cardinality of a set is the cardinal number that tells us, roughly speaking, the size of the set.
In mathematics, people also study infinite cardinal numbers. The first infinite cardinal number was named (pronounced "Aleph null", "Aleph-zero" or "Aleph-naught") by Georg Cantor. is the number of numbers that are in the group 0, 1, 2, 3, ... (which goes on forever). Both the set of natural numbers and the set of rational numbers are of size (that is, they are both countable).
Another infinite cardinal number is the number of numbers in the set of real numbers, and is represented by the symbol (or , the cardinality of the continuum). Cantor proved that there are many different infinite cardinal numbers that are bigger than . A famous theorem of Cantor is that the cardinality of the real numbers is larger than the cardinality of the natural numbers. The continuum hypothesis is the statement that there is no middle cardinal number strictly between that of natural numbers and real numbers.
Related pages
Cardinal numeral
Ordinal number
Names for ordinal numbers
References
Number theory
Rock Hall, Maryland

Rock Hall is a town in Kent County, Maryland, United States.
Towns in Maryland
Murti

In Hinduism, a murti (also spelled murthi or murthy) usually means an image in which the Divine Spirit is expressed ('murta'). Hindus call the presence of God into the image so that they can communicate with him and receive his blessings.Hindus don't worship the murti or statue itself but the god who is present in their minds and souls. It can also be set up any where
Role of murtis in worship
Murtis sometimes are abstract, but almost always stone or metal images of God in a human-like form like Shiva or Ganesha, Rama or Krishna, Saraswati or Kali. Murtis are made according to strict prescriptions and then installed by highly trained priests through a ceremony. The priests can then call on God in the image daily.
Murtis in Hindu temples and shrines are a mystical form of communication with God and devas. This is similar to our ability to communicate with others through the telephone. One does not talk to the telephone; rather the telephone is a way to interact with another person. Without the telephone, one could not have a conversation across long distances; and without the sanctified image in the temple, one cannot easily talk with the Deity.
Going beyond murtis in Hinduism
The image or murti of worship is a focus for prayers, although Hindus can see God is in all things, in stone and water, fire, air and ether, in the enlightened person of a satguru and inside their own soul. Some temples do not have any murti in the sanctum but a symbolic diagram. Some Hindu branches reject the worship of images.
In Hinduism, one of the highest achievements is when one goes beyond the need of all form and symbol. This is the yogi's goal obtained through meditation. Hinduism is also one of the religions that uses more symbols to represent God in preparation for getting beyond them.
Sacred images in other religions
Image worship appears to be an intelligent, mystical practice shared by all of the world's great religions. All religions have their symbols of holiness: the Christian cross, or statues of Mother Mary and Saint Theresa, the holy Kaaba in Mecca, the Sikh Adi Granth enshrined in the Golden Temple in Amritsar, the Arc and Torah of the Jews, the image of a meditating Buddha, the totems of indigenous and Pagan faiths, and the artifacts of the holy men and women of all religions. Any Christian respects the Bible and considers it sacred. His book and the Hindu's murtis are similar in this way.
Critics of image worship consider this practice "idolatry". People who practice idolatry believe that God is the material object itself. Instead, Hindus worship murtis to call on the presence of the spiritual God and then communicate with him.
References
Hinduism
Religious objects
1999–2000 NHL season

The 1999-2000 NHL season was the 83rd regular season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-eight teams each played 82 games. The New Jersey Devils defeated the defending champion Dallas Stars for their second Stanley Cup championship. During the regular season, no player reached the 100-point plateau - the first time this had happened in a non-lockout season since 1967-68.
Regular season
Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalty Minutes.
Eastern Conference
Western Conference
Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points
Stanley Cup playoffs
Playoff bracket
Note: W = Wins, G = Goals Scored
Eastern Conference Final
Western Conference Final
Finals
NHL awards
All-Star teams
First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1999-2000 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
Patrick Stefan, Atlanta Thrashers
John Grahame, Boston Bruins
Maxim Afinogenov, Buffalo Sabres
Robyn Regehr, Calgary Flames
Alex Tanguay, Colorado Avalanche
Martin Skoula, Colorado Avalanche
Brenden Morrow, Dallas Stars
Mike Ribeiro, Montreal Canadiens
Brian Rafalski, New Jersey Devils
Scott Gomez, New Jersey Devils
Willie Mitchell, New Jersey Devils
Roberto Luongo, New York Islanders
Tim Connolly, New York Islanders
Mike Fisher, Ottawa Senators
Brian Boucher, Philadelphia Flyers
Simon Gagne, Philadelphia Flyers
Brad Stuart, San Jose Sharks
Evgeni Nabokov, San Jose Sharks
Ladislav Nagy, St. Louis Blues
Nik Antropov, Toronto Maple Leafs
Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1999-2000 (listed with their last team):
Marty McSorley, Boston Bruins
Grant Fuhr, Calgary Flames
Steve Smith, Calgary Flames
Guy Carbonneau, Dallas Stars
Esa Tikkanen, Florida Panthers
Wendel Clark, Toronto Maple Leafs
References
Hockey Database
http://nhl.com/
National Hockey League seasons
Eccleshall

Eccleshall is a small town and civil parish in the county of Staffordshire in England. The town is seven miles from Stafford and six miles from Stone.
In 2022, it had a population of around 6,500 people.
Transport
Eccleshall is located on the A519 road that runs from Newcastle-under-Lyme and Newport. Junction 14 of the M6 motorway is only five miles south of the town.
The nearest railway station used to be Norton Bridge, three miles east of Eccleshall, but this station officially closed in 2017. The nearest railway stations now are at Stafford and Stone.
Places of interest
Eagle House is a Grade II listed building located in the town. Eccleshall Castle is also Grade II listed and is mentioned in the Domesday Book.
The Holy Trinity Church is said to date back to 1195.
Sport
The town has a semi-professional association football club called Eccleshall F.C. who play home games at Pershall Park in Pershall, a small village to the west of the town.
Twin towns
Eccleshall is twinned with Sancerre, a small medieval town in France.
Towns in Staffordshire
Civil parishes in Staffordshire
New Vernon, New Jersey

New Vernon is an unincorporated community within Harding Township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 754.
Forbes magazine ranked New Vernon, New Jersey as one of the 25 most "expensive" zip codes in the country.
References
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
Leon Silver

Leon Theodore Silver (April 9, 1925 - January 31, 2022) was an American geologist. He was professor of geology at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He was an instructor to the Apollo 13, 15, 16, and 17 astronaut crews. He taught astronauts how to perform field geology and created lunar field geology.
He became a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1974.
Silver died on January 31, 2022 in Arcadia, California, at the age of 96.
References
1925 births
2022 deaths
American geologists
Scientists from New York (state)
Scientists from California
California Institute of Technology faculty
Tony Nash (bobsledder)

Antony James Dillon Nash (18 March 1936 - 17 March 2022) was a British bobsledder. He was born in Amersham, Buckinghamshire. He competed in the 1960s in two Winter Olympics. He won the gold in the two-man event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.
Nash died on 17 March 2022, one day before his 86th birthday.
References
1936 births
2022 deaths
British Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Buckinghamshire
Bobsledders
Rully, Calvados

Rully, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into (it became part of) the new commune of Valdalliere.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Institut supérieur européen de gestion group

Institut superieur europeen de gestion group (ISEG group) is a group of two French higher education schools (ISG Programme Business & Management, ISEG Marketing and Communication school) created in 1980.. The group is in seven places, in Paris, Bordeaux, Nantes, Lille, Lyon, Strasbourg and Toulouse (France). ISEG group delivers Bachelor's degree and Master's degree.
ISEG group's main area is entrepreneurship.
Notable teachers and former teachers
Fabrice Bardeche, Vice-President of IONIS Education Group
References
Schools in France
1980 establishments in France
1988 State of the Union Address

The 1988 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on January 25, 1988. The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term. Donald Hodel, the Secretary of the Interior, served as the designated survivor.
References
Other websites
(full transcript), The American Presidency Project, UC Santa Barbara.
1988 State of the Union Address (video) at C-SPAN
1988 in the United States
Speeches by Ronald Reagan
January events
1980s in Washington, D.C.
Tony Martin

Tony Martin (born Alvin Morris, December 25, 1913 - July 27, 2012) was an American actor and singer who was married to performer Cyd Charisse for 60 years.
Biography
Early life
Martin was born as Alvin Morris in San Francisco, California, the son of Hattie (nee Smith) and Edward Clarence Morris.
Career
In movies, he was first cast in a number of bit parts, including a role as a sailor in the movie Follow the Fleet (1936), starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. He eventually signed with 20th Century-Fox and then Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in which he starred in a number of musicals. Between 1938 and 1942, he made a number of hit records for Decca Records. Martin was featured in the 1941 Marx Brothers film The Big Store, in which he played a singer and performed the now infamous (at least with Marx Brothers fans) Tenement Symphony, which was written by Hal Borne, who became his long-time musical director.
Personal life
In 1937 he married Alice Faye, with whom he had starred in several films. They divorced in 1941. Martin remarried, to actress and dancer Cyd Charisse in 1948. They remained married until her death in 2008. They had one son together, Tony Martin, Jr. (August 28, 1950 - April 10, 2011), who predeceased his father. Martin adopted Charisse's son, Nicky, from her first marriage
Death
Martin died on the evening of July 27, 2012, of natural causes. He was 98.
Movies
Foolish Hearts (1936)
Follow the Fleet (1936)
The Farmer in the Dell (1936)
Murder on a Bridle Path (1936)
The Witness Chair (1936) (scenes deleted)
Poor Little Rich Girl (1936)
Back to Nature (1936)
Sing, Baby, Sing (1936)
Pigskin Parade (1936)
Banjo on My Knee (1936)
The Holy Terror (1937)
Sing and Be Happy (1937)
You Can't Have Everything (1937)
Life Begins in College (1937)
Ali Baba Goes to Town (1937)
Sally, Irene and Mary (1938)
Kentucky Moonshine (1938)
Up the River (1938)
Thanks for Everything (1938)
Winner Take All (1939)
Music in My Heart (1940)
Ziegfeld Girl (1941)
The Big Store (1941)
Till the Clouds Roll By (1946)
Casbah (1948)
Hollywood Goes to Bat (1950) (short subject)
Two Tickets to Broadway (1951)
Clash by Night (1952) (Cameo)
Here Come the Girls (1953)
Easy to Love (1953)
Deep in My Heart (1954)
Hit the Deck (1955)
Meet Me in Las Vegas (1956) (Cameo)
Quincannon - Frontier Scout (1956)
Let's Be Happy (1957)
Dear Mr. Wonderful (1982)
References
Other websites
Tony Martin bio on The Interlude Era site
Tony Martin bio on the Oldies.com site
Tony Martin bio on the Feinstein's site
Photographs and literature
1954 episode of his television series at the Internet Archive
1913 births
2012 deaths
Actors from San Francisco
American movie actors
Singers from California
Oaklands, New Zealand

Oaklands is a southern suburb of Christchurch. It is sandwiched in between Aidanfield and Halswell and had its first subdivision in the early 1960s. It has a primary school in the suburb.
References
Christchurch
2016–17 South America floods

Heavy rain caused flooding in Ecuador and Peru from December 2016 to May 2017. It killed 113 people and left 18 people missing. Many roads were destroyed. Dramatic rescues went online, including a woman being rescued from a mudslide and another showing a mudslide hitting a village.
References
2016 disasters
2017 disasters
2010s floods
2016-2017 floods
21st century in Peru
2016-2017 floods
Floods
Mimosa (star)

Mimosa is the second brightest object in the southern constellation of Crux after Acrux, and the 21st brightest star in the night sky. It has the Bayer designation b Crucis, which is Beta Crucis in Latin. Its name when shortened is Beta Cru or b Cru. Mimosa is part of the prominent asterism called the Southern Cross. It is a binary star or a possible triple star system. It is also one of the most closest stars with a infrared bow shock.
Based on parallax measurements, Mimosa is 277 light years from Earth. In 1957, German astronomor Wulff-Dieter Heintz discovered that it is a spectroscopic binary with components that are too close together to resolve with a telescope. The pair orbit each other every five years with a guessed separation that changes from 5.4 to 12.0 AU. The age of the system is only 8 to 11 million years.
References
Stars
St Michael's Church, Bamberg

St. Michael's Church, also known as the Michaelskirche (Church of St Michael), is a church in Bamberg. It was built in the 12th century. It stands on the top of a very high hill overlooking the town of Bamberg. It can be seen from nearly all directions. Bamberg is built on seven hills, each with a building at the top. The hill on which the St Michael's Church stands is the highest one. An old, cobbled road with some ancient houses leads from the cathedral up to the church. Not far beyond the church are fields and woods.
The church is built in the Romanesque style. It used to be the church of a Benedictine monastery. The monastery was secularized in 1803. There is now an almshouse there as well as a museum and municipal art collections.
History
Emperor Heinrich II (Henry II) was the founder of the Bishopric of Bamberg. The first bishop of Bamberg was Eberhard, who founded the abbey of St Michael. It belonged to the bishop. The abbot had to obey the bishop. The monks who came to live there came from the towns of Amorbach and Fulda.
In the 12th century the abbey flourished. This was the time of Bishop Otto of Bamberg. The abbey started to become more independent of the bishop.
The abbey went through hard times during the wars around 1525. In the 17th and 18th centuries it went through better times again. When the bishops lost their political power in 1803 the abbey started to belong to the town. The people asked for the almshouses in the town to be moved to the St Michael abbey. There is still a home for old people there today.
Inside the church
Behind the altar is the tomb of Bishop Otto of Bamberg which dates from 1443. There is a hole in the middle of the tomb which is just big enough for a person to crawl through. Visitors to the church like to crawl through the hole, because it is said that it helps people who have backache.
The roof of the nave has paintings of 580 different kinds of plants. These include plants from faraway countries, e.g. pineapple, cotton, pomegranate and tobacco as well as plants that are found locally. The paintings date from the 17th century. Many of the plants were grown in the herb gardens around the church.
In the side isles of the church the ceiling has more paintings. These include paintings of birds.
Buildings and structures in Bamberg
Churches in Germany
Religious buildings and structures in Bavaria
12th-century buildings and structures
Evelina Borroto

Evelina Borroto is a volleyball player from Cuba. Evelina competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. She was born on 23 December 1949.
References
Other websites
1949 births
Living people
Cuban volleyball players
Cuban Olympians
Pope Sixtus IV

Pope Sixtus IV (; 21 July 1414 - 12 August 1484), originally Francesco della Rovere, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 213th Pope from 1471 until his death in 1484.
He is known for beginning construction of the Sistine Chapel.
Early life
Della Rovere was born in Celle Ligure, a town near Savona in Liguria. His family was important.
As a young man, he joined the Franciscan Order. He rose in the order to head of the Franciscans in Liguria.
Della Rovere studied philosophy and theology at the University of Pavia; and he lectured at Padua, Bologna, Pavia, Siena, and Florence.
Cardinal
In 1467, Pope Paul II raised della Rovere to the rank of Cardinal.
Pope
He was elected pope on August 9, 1471. He took the name Sixtus because the first day of the conclave which elected him pope was the Feast Day of St. Sixtus.
Pope Sixtus was involved in Italian and European political disputes.
Papal actions
1474 - Christian I of Denmark was received in Rome.
1479 - University of Copenhagen established
1482 - St Bonaventura was canonized.
Legacy
Sixtus ordered the building of the Ponte Sisto (Sistine Bridge) across the Tiber River.
The Vatican Library was enlarged during the reign of Sixtus; and the number of manuscripts grew ten times larger--from 360 during the reign of Pope Nicholas V to 3650.
Related pages
List of popes
List of popes from the della Rovere family
References
Other websites
Catholic Hierarchy, Sixtus IV
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal della Rovere
Italian popes
1414 births
1484 deaths
House of della Rovere
Aritatsu Ogi

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Ogi was born in Hiroshima on December 10, 1942. After graduating from Chuo University, he joined his local club Toyo Industries in 1965. The club won Japan Soccer League champions 5 times (1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1970). He became a top scorer in 1966 and was selected Best Eleven for 7 years in a row (1966-1972). He was also selected "Japanese Footballer of the Year" awards in 1965 and 1970. He retired in 1976. He played 163 games and scored 57 goals in the league.
On August 8, 1963, when Ogi was a Chuo University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Malaysia. He was selected for Japan for 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He played all matches in both Olympics. At 1964 Olympics, he scored winning goal against Argentina in first match. At 1968 Olympics, Japan won Bronze Medal. In 2018, 1968 Olympics team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. He also played at 1966, 1970 and 1974 Asian Games. He played 62 games and scored 11 goals for Japan until 1976.
After retirement, Ogi became a manager for Toyo Industries in 1977 as Ikuo Matsumoto successor. He managed until 1980.
In 2006, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.
Statistics
|-
|1965||rowspan="12"|Toyo Industries||rowspan="12"|JSL Division 1||14||9
|-
|1966||14||14
|-
|1967||12||5
|-
|1968||14||5
|-
|1969||13||6
|-
|1970||14||2
|-
|1971||14||1
|-
|1972||14||4
|-
|1973||18||4
|-
|1974||9||1
|-
|1975||18||5
|-
|1976||9||1
163||57
163||57
|}
|-
|1963||1||0
|-
|1964||1||0
|-
|1965||2||0
|-
|1966||7||2
|-
|1967||5||3
|-
|1968||3||0
|-
|1969||4||0
|-
|1970||13||2
|-
|1971||5||2
|-
|1972||8||2
|-
|1973||5||0
|-
|1974||6||0
|-
|1975||0||0
|-
|1976||2||0
|-
!Total||62||11
|}
References
Other websites
Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association
Japan Football Hall of Fame (Japan team at 1968 Olympics) at Japan Football Association
1942 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
Footballers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in football
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The Paradine Case

The Paradine Case is an American 1947 courtroom thriller drama movie. This is about a lawyer who falls in love with a woman being accused of murder. Gregory Peck plays a lawyer. Ann Todd plays Gay. Alida Valli plays the woman accused of murder. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1948.
The movie received mixed reviews from critics.
Other websites
1940s thriller movies
1947 drama movies
American drama movies
American thriller movies
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Frederator Studios

Frederator Studios is a American animation studio and production company known for producing The Fairly OddParents for both Nickelodeon and Nicktoons, Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! and a Maggie and the Ferocious Beast reboot for Nick Jr., Adventure Time for Cartoon Network, Wattu Academy for both Netflix and Universal Kids and Kingdom Gamers for Disney Channel.
American animation studios
Communes of the Sarthe department

There are 375 communes in the Sarthe departement, in France.
Sarthe
Blessing Annatoria

Blessing Annatoria Chitapa is a Zimbabwe-born who has won the ninth series of The Voice UK.
Career
She was auditioned for the ninth series of the Voice UK. She was then announced as the winner of the series after performing "Angels" by Robbie Williams in 2020.
References
Living people
English singers
Circa

Circa is Latin for "around" or "about". It is often used to show when something approximately happened. It is often shortened to c., ca., ca or cca.
An encyclopedia entry may begin with circa in the date of birth, for example: "Genghis Khan (c. 1162 - August 18, 1227)". The "c." means that he was born in about 1162, but the exact date is not certain. Sometimes the circa symbol is italicized to show that it is not in the English language.
Estimated values of different units may also begin with circa in research reports and scientific articles, for example "it involved c.450 kg of carved ivory". The "c." means that it was an estimated value based on an average value or any other coefficient that the researcher will generally define in the methodology.
References
Latin words used in English
Franco Interlenghi

Franco Interlenghi (29 October 1931 - 10 September 2015) was an Italian actor. He has worked with great directors such as Federico Fellini in I Vitelloni, Michelangelo Antonioni in I Vinti and Luchino Visconti in his stage adaptation of Death of a Salesman.
Interlenghi died on 10 September 2015 in Rome, aged 83.
References
Other websites
1931 births
2015 deaths
Italian movie actors
Italian stage actors
Actors from Rome
Fatima (given name)

Fatima (, Fatimah) [ fat-uh-muh, fah-tee-mah ] is a female given name of Arabic origin used throughout the Islamic world. Several relatives of the Islamic prophet Muhammad had the name, including his daughter Fatimah. The colloquial Arabic pronunciation of the name in some dialects (e.g., Syria and Egyptian ) often omits the unstressed second syllable and renders it as Fatma when romanized.Fatima is also used by non-Muslims: the town of Fatima, Portugal was named after a Moorish princess. It was the site of a famous Marian apparition in 1917, after which it achieved some popularity as a female personal name among Roman Catholic populations, particularly in the Portuguese-speaking and Spanish-speaking worlds. Fatima is a gorgeous and significant moniker that has garnered popularity for centuries. This Arabic name is rooted in the term "fatimah," signifying "a person who refrains." This name was ranked #377 on the US Popular Names in 2021.
Fatima
Fatima Jinnah, a Pakistani dental surgeon, writer, stateswoman and one of the founders of Pakistan
Fatima Zakaria, Indian journalist
Fatimata Toure, Malian activist
Fatima
Fatima Banez, Spanish politician, economist and jurist
Fatima Bernardes, Brazilian journalist
Fatima Choi, politician in Macau
Fatemeh
Fatemeh Javadi, conservative politician and Vice President of Iran, 2005 - 2009
References
Given names
Cleveland County, North Carolina

Cleveland County is a county on the southern border of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 98,078. Its county seat is Shelby.
History
The county was made in 1841 from parts of Lincoln and Rutherford counties.
Bordering counties
These counties are bordered to Cleveland County:
Burke County - north
Lincoln County - northeast
Gaston County - east
York County, South Carolina - southeast
Cherokee County, South Carolina - south
Rutherford County - west
Communities
These communities are in Cleveland County:
Cities
Kings Mountain (small section is a part of Gaston County)
Shelby
Towns
Belwood
Boiling Springs
Casar
Earl
Fallston
Grover
Kingstown
Lattimore
Lawndale
Mooresboro
Patterson Springs
Polkville
Waco
Census-designated place
Light Oak
References
Other websites
Cleveland County government official website
1840s establishments in North Carolina
1841 establishments in the United States
North Carolina counties
Sara Bahrami

Sara Bahrami is an Iranian actress, born on 19 September 1982 in Isfahan, Iran.
Her debut was in Parvaneh TV series displayed in Iran's TV in 2013. She also took part in another TV series entitled PardeNeshin (2015) which made her more and more known in Iranian society. Born in the central Iranian city of Isfahan, Sara Bahrami has studied Theater at university. She won Crystal Simorgh in 2018 as the best actress in a leading role, and in 2019 she won the best actress award at the Persian Film Festival.
References
Other websites
Actors from Isfahan
1983 births
Living people
Franz Magill

Franz Hermann Anton Magill (August 22, 1900 - April 14, 1972) was a German riding instructor, SS officer and war criminal of the Nazi era.
Background
Franz Magill was the son of a day laborer. His father bought a small farm in Zuchen in 1908, where Magill graduated from elementary school. He was called up at the end of the First World War and after the end of the war in 1919 he became a volunteer (twelve donors) in the Hussar Regiment No. 5 of the Reichswehr. In 1923 he was promoted to sergeant, in 1928 to sergeant. In 1929 he passed the riding instructor examination at the riding school in Belgard and, after leaving the Reichswehr, went to the private "German riding school" at Gut Duppel in Berlin as a qualified riding instructor.
After the National Socialists took power in 1933, Magill joined the SS and directed the riding instruction of an SS Reitersturms. In March 1935 he became a full-time SS leader riding instructor at the SS Junker School in Braunschweig and made a career there. At the end of 1935 he was promoted to SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer and, after he joined the NSDAP in 1937 (membership number 4.137.171), to SS-Sturmbannfuhrer on April 20, 1938.
Shortly after the attack on Poland, Magill received the order to set up SS cavalry squadrons in Gut Duppel and, in September 1939, in Lodsch in occupied Poland, then two months later in the Lublin district. There, the basis of the SS skull rider standards (two regiments) formed. In May 1940, Magill received an order from Hermann Fegelein to set up the 2nd SS-Totenkopf-Reiterstandard. Magill was not up to the task. In April 1941 he was recalled as leader of the 2nd regiment and commander of a cavalry division with four squadrons. The regimental leader of the 1st regiment was Hermann Fegelein and the 2nd regiment SS-Sturmbannfuhrer was Heimo Hierthes (1897-1951). In the 1st regiment, Magill's position was held by SS-Sturmbannfuhrer, Gustav Lombard.
References
Martin Cuppers: Wegbereiter der Shoah. Die Waffen-SS, der Kommandostab Reichsfuhrer-SS und die Judenvernichtung 1939-1945. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2005
LG Braunschweig, 20. April 1964. In: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen. Sammlung deutscher Strafurteile wegen nationalsozialistischer Totungsverbrechen 1945-1966, Bd. XX, bearbeitet von Irene Sagel-Grande, H. H. Fuchs, C.
F. Ruter. Amsterdam: University Press, 1979, Nr. 570, S. 23-105 Verfahrensgegenstand: Massenerschiessung tausender Juden im Pripjetgebiet, darunter mindestens 4500 Juden aus dem Ghetto Pinsk
Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich, 2007, S. 386
1900 births
1972 deaths
German war criminals
SS officers
Waffen-SS people
Whey

Whey is a watery liquid that comes out of milk when it has been curdled and strained. It is also called milk plasma. It is a by-product of cheese making. Sweet whey is made during the making of rennet types of hard cheese like Cheddar or Swiss. Acid whey (also known as "sour whey") is made during the making of acid types of cheese such as cottage cheese. Whey also forms as a liquid on the top of yoghurt.
Uses
Whey can be used to make whey cheeses like ricotta. It can be added to processed foods like bread, pastry or crackers. It can also be used to feed animals.
References
Dairy products
Telephone numbers in Belarus

Country Code: +375
International Call Prefix: 00 (was 8~10)
Trunk Prefix: 8
Belarus began using its own country code +375 in 1995. Before that it was part of the +7 international country code. The local numbering plan came from USSR. It has changed little.
Geographic area codes were made based on previous 3-digit USSR area codes by removing the lead 0. Calling across areas still requires dialing trunk prefix 8 and waiting for dialtone after that.
Telephone numbers
Belarus
Mason, Texas

Mason is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Mason County.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas