pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
National Cycling Museum

KOERS. Museum van de wielersport. (till 2018 the Cycling Museum - WieMu) is a museum in the Belgian city of Roeselare. The museum shows the history of the bicycle and cycling. The museum started officially on 27 March 1998 at 'Het Polenplein', in the earlier fire-station.
History
The Cycling Museum was founded in 1985 as part of the earlier Municipal Museum of Roeselare. The city of Roeselare took that decision because the region can be seen as 'the cradle of the flandriens'. A lot of flandriens and racing cyclists are born in the region. The municipality proper has known a lot of popular racing cyclists for example Odiel Defraeye, the first Belgian winner of the Tour of France and several world-champions: Jean-Pierre Monsere, Benoni Beheyt, Patrick Sercu, Freddy Maertens... In the beginning, the museum only showed a few old bicycles and organised an exhibition in summer.
Replacement
In 1998, they made the final decision to replace the old folkloristic museum for a real Cycling Museum, the National Cycling Museum. Ferdy Callewaert was the first conservator till he retired in 2006. Old-racing cyclist Freddy Maertens worked from 2000 till 2007 at the museum and he welcomed often the visitors. In 2005 King Albert II visited the museum. In 2010 the museum got the short name 'WieMu'.
2018 renewal
After a renovation, the museum re-opened on 8 September 2018. The new name of the museum is "KOERS. Museum van de wielersport". At the museum, there are also the municipal touristic service and a pub.
Collection
The museum shows the history of bicycles from 1760 till now: all sorts of old bicycles and modern bicycles used for professional duties, leisure and sport. In the beginning, that was the heart of the collection of the cycling museum. After some years, the museum became more and more specialized in cycle-racing. So the museum has a lot of racing-bicycles, cycling-trophies and -souvenirs, cycling-clothes, portraits of racing cyclists etc.
Halls
In one of the halls, you find a lot about the local world-champion Jean-Pierre Monsere, who lost his life as world-champion during a race in 1971. Another hall shows an old workshop of bicycle-maker Hallaert where you can learn about the technical evolution of the bicycle.
Documents
The cycling museum has a documentation center about cycling with a lot of photos, old newspapers and (cycling-)magazines, programme brochures and cycling archives. The museum publishes regular exhibition catalogues or books of exercises. Since 2012 the museum publishes the cycling-historic magazine 'Etappe'.
Building
The museum 'WieMu' is in the earlier fire-station. The station was built between 1899 and 1902. Till 1962 it was a fire-station. During World War I, German soldiers lived in the station. On 21 July 1917, it was bombed by British aircrafts. After the war it was rebuilt. The building was also used for several public services such as a festive hall, a school, sportaccommodation and a folkloristic museum. The building is now a classified monument and partly restored.
Buildings and structures in Belgium
1998 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Belgium
Obermumpf

Obermumpf is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website of the municipality of Obermumpf
Municipalities of Aargau
Fullerton, North Dakota

Fullerton is a city in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 54 at the 2010 census.
The city is said to be named after Dr. Samuel Fuller.
The Ranch House is a local restaurant in the area.
History
"...In 1882 Dickey County was a wild, unbroken prairie, with not a foot of land occupied or a sod turned. Now, i don't believe there is a foot of land in the county that is not owned, and most of it by actual settlers."
Fullerton was founded in 1888.
The Carroll House is a registered national historical site in Fullerton.
References
Cities in North Dakota
1880s establishments in North Dakota
1888 establishments in the United States
Paris in Spring

Paris in Spring is a 1935 American romantic comedy movie directed by Lewis Milestone and was based on the play of the same name by Dwight Taylor. It stars Mary Ellis, Tullio Carminati, Ida Lupino, Lynne Overman, Jessie Ralph, Jack Raymond, Dorothea Wolbert, Billy Gilbert, Francis Ford and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
Paris in Spring at Allmovie
Paris in Spring at the Internet Movie Database
1935 romantic comedy movies
1930s American romance movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
Paramount Pictures movies
Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt

Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt (15 June 1928 - 2 June 2018) was an Austrian ethologist. He was the founder of the field of human ethology. In authoring the book which bears that title, he applied ethology to humans by studying them in a perspective more common to volumes studying animal behavior. He was born in Vienna.
In 1970 he became Professor for Zoology at the University of Munich. From 1975 to 2018, he was the head of the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology, Department of Human Ethology in Andechs, Germany. He was the co-founder and first president of the International Society for Human Ethology.
From 1992 until his death, he was Honorary Director of the Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Urban Ethology in Vienna.
For many years he dived with Hans Hass on his diving boat Xarifa.
Eibl-Eibesfeldt died on 2 June 2018 in Vienna at the age of 89.
References
1928 births
2018 deaths
Austrian scientists
Ethologists
Austrian academics
Writers from Vienna
Bagley, Minnesota

Bagley is the county seat of Clearwater County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
Hyderabad, Sindh

Hyderabad (Sindhi and ) is in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro on the ruins of a Mauryan fishing village along the bank of the Indus River known as Neroon Kot ().
Hyderabad used to be the capital of Sindh. Now it is the capital of the district of Hyderabad. Before the starting of Pakistan, it was known as the Paris of India, for its roads used to be washed with perfumed rose-water every day and sandalwood incense would linger in the air.
Prominent people
There are many prominent people who belong to Hyderabad Sindh. Among them are Dr. Ghulam Mustafa, Filmstar Muhammad Ali, Dr. Amir Liaqauat, Speaker National Assembly Fahmida Mirza, Qazi Asad Abid, Mustafa Qureshi, and Dr.Syed Mehboob, a writer and columnist, also born and educated in Hyderabad.
Settlements in Sindh
Hyderabad District
Jōō (Edo period)

, alternatively romanized as Jo-o or Shoo, was a after Keian and before Meireki. This period started in September 1652 and ended in April 1655. During this time, the emperors were and .
Events of the Joo era
3 October 1653 (Joo 2, 12th day of the 8th month): Fire destroyed a large part of the Imperial palace and nearby temples.
18 August 1654 (Joo 3, 6th day of the 7th month): Buddhist priest Ingen arrived at Nagasaki from China.
30 October 1654 (Joo 3, 20th day of the 9th month): Emperor Go-Komyo died.
Related pages
Edo period
Joo (Kamakura period)
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Sennyuji Temple Museum, Funeral ceremonies for Emperor Go-Komyo
Imperial Household website, Emperor Go-Komyo's mausoleum (misasagii)
Japanese eras
1652 establishments
1650s establishments in Japan
1655 disestablishments
1650s disestablishments in Japan
Synoptic Gospels

In the New Testament, the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke, are written in a very similar style. They are referred to as the synoptic gospels.The forth of the evangelists, John, also tells similar stories, but his style of writing is different. The synoptic problem is to explain why three of the four evangelists have a very similar structure, and the fourth does not.
There might have been one common text that is now lost, that three of the four evangelists used.
There might have been a profession of "evangelists", which learned the texts by heart, and which then recited or told them when they were asked.
There might have been two sources. The gospel of Mark is the oldest. Matthew and Luke used the text of Mark, plus this other common source, plus other texts to which they had access.
Two-gospel hypothesis. This hinges on the fact that Matthew and Luke share things which are absent in Mark. John is still more different than Mark.
The strong parallelism among the three gospels suggests they were written at more or less the same time. Or, Matthew and Luke made use of the gospel of Mark as a source.
References
Gospels
Samsung Galaxy Note 20

The Samsung Galaxy Note 20 and Galaxy Note 20 Ultra are a line of Android phablets designed, developed, produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics for its Samsung Galaxy Note series. It was announced on 5 August 2020 with the Samsung Galaxy Fold 2, Galaxy Watch 3, Galaxy Buds Live, and Samsung Galaxy Tab S7. This was during Samsung's Unpacked Event with shipment starting on 21 August 2020. It was the last model in the Galaxy Note series. Samsung started to make its Note series into its S series "Ultra" models, starting with the Galaxy S22 Ultra.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the release of the phablets was streamed online via Samsung's online platforms and channels. At the event, Samsung said that they will have support for 5G network and that their pens would have 4x better reaction speed than the other generations. The Note 20s does not feature a "+" model.
Specifications
Hardware
The Note 20 series come with a 120 Hz refresh rate display that uses energy efficient technology called "LTPO".
Like the S20 Ultra, the Note 20 series might not have a curved display and will feature a totally flat display. A 6.42 inch display (2345x1084) is also rumored for the Note 20 whereas a 6.87 display (3096x1444) is rumored for the Note 20 Plus and Ultra with a 20:9 aspect ratio for all phones. The Note 20 series is rumored to be equipped with faster 45W charging capabilities and a higher-capacity non-user-replaceable batteries. Up to 128 GBs of storage is rumored for the Note 20 whereas 256/512GBs of storage is for the Note 20 Plus and Ultra. It is expected that a Snapdragon 865/Exynos 992 octa-core processor will power all three phablets and either 8GBs or 12GBs of RAM will hold memory for each.
More progressive biometrics and faster RAM storage are also some rumored specifications for the phablets. All three phablets are rumored to come with 5G standard connectivity. Bluetooth certification listing might also be a first for the three phablets.
Cameras
The Note 20 series is rumored to become equipped with a more improved camera system than that of the Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra .
Related pages
Samsung Galaxy Note 10
Samsung Galaxy S20
Samsung Galaxy Fold
References
Other websites
GALAXY FOLD 2, GALAXY NOTE 20 LAUNCH CONFIRMED 04-30-2020
Mobile phones with multiple rear cameras
Mobile phones with 4K video recording
Samsung mobile phones released in 2020
Mallinson Girls School

Mallinson Girls School is a school for girls in Kashmir. It is located in Srinagar. The school was founded by Ms Fitze in 1912 at Fateh Kadal and later moved to Lal Chowk in Srinagar. The school was started by Christian missionaries and named after Mallinson. It still has affiliations with the Church Mission Society. Its motto is 'Faithful in the Least'.
The school's principal is currently Alistair R A Freese.
History
The Mallinson Girls Srinagar was established at Fateh Kadal in 1912. At this time, there was no education for the people of the valley. The school placed emphasis on physical activities such as cross cross run, camps, kho-kho, basketball, volleyball as well as mental activities such as quiz, seminars and debates. Mallinson Girls School holds the distinction of being one of the best schools in the Valley and in North India.
Houses
The school is divided into four houses, named after various flowers in the Kashmir valley:
Competitions between the houses are held.
Activities
There are picnics, camping, mountain treks, swimming, C.C. Run, and outdoor games like kho-kho, volleyball and basketball.
Departments
There are five departments:
Other websites
Official website
Schools in India
Srinagar
1912 establishments in Asia
1910s establishments in India
Sassenheim

Sassenheim is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2006, it has been part of the new municipality of Teylingen.
The former municipality covers an area of 6.62 km2 (of which 0.23 km2 water). In 2005, it had a population of 14,906.
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Teylingen
Dawn of Chromatica

Dawn of Chromatica is the third remix album by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga. It was released on September 3, 2021, by Interscope Records. The song features all 13 tracks from the standard version of her sixth studio album, Chromatica (2020), in a remixed format.
Track listing
Credits from iTunes metadata.
References
2021 albums
Lady Gaga albums
Remix albums
Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored

"Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored" (written in all lowercase) is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande for her fifth studio album Thank U, Next (2019). The song was written by Grande and Savan Kotecha alongside its producers Max Martin and Ilya Salmanzadeh, with Grande serving as a vocal producer. It contains an interpolation of the song "It Makes Me Ill" by American boy band NSYNC, written by Kandi Burruss, Kevin Briggs, thus both are also credited as songwriters.
The song entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number two, while "7 rings" was at #1 and "thank u, next" was at #3; this made Grande the first solo artist to occupy the top three of the Hot 100 in the same week (and the first act overall since The Beatles).
Grande has performed the song during her Coachella Festival set in April 2019 (with *NSYNC) and on her Sweetener World Tour.
Accolades
Track listing
7-inch vinyl - cassette
"Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored" (explicit) - 3:10
"Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored" (edited) - 3:10
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.
Recording
Recorded at MXM Studios (Los Angeles, California; Stockholm, Sweden) and Wolf Cousins Studios (Stockholm)
Mixed at MixStar Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia)
Mastered at Sterling Sound (New York City, New York)
Management
Published by Universal Music Corp./GrandAri Music (ASCAP), MXM -- administered by Kobalt -- (ASCAP), Wolf Cousins (STIM), Kandney Music/Air Control Music/EMI April Music and SheK 'Em Down Music/BMG
Contains a sample from "It Makes Me Ill", written by Kandi Burruss and Kevin Briggs, published by Kandney Music/Air Control Music/EMI April Music and SheK 'Em Down Music/BMG
Personnel
Ariana Grande - vocals, songwriting, vocal producer
Max Martin - songwriting, producer, bass, drums, keyboards, programming
Ilya Salmanzadeh - songwriting, production, bass, drums, keyboards, programming
Savan Kotecha - songwriting
Kandi Burruss - songwriting
Kevin Briggs - songwriting
Sam Holland - engineer
Jeremy Lertola - assistant engineer
Cory Bice - assistant engineer
Serban Ghenea - mixing
John Hanes - mixing assistant
Randy Merrill - mastering
Charts
Weekly charts
Monthly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
Related pages
List of top 10 singles in 2019 (Australia)
List of number-one singles of 2019 (Ireland)
List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 2010s
List of Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles in 2019
References
2019 songs
Ariana Grande songs
Trap songs
Pop songs
R&B songs
The Serpent's Egg (movie)

The Serpent's Egg is a 1977 German American Swedish drama movie directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring Liv Ullmann, David Carradine, Gert Frobe, Heinz Bennett, James Whitmore, Glynn Turman, Grischa Huber, Lisi Mangold, Hans Quest. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
1977 drama movies
German drama movies
American drama movies
Swedish drama movies
Movies directed by Ingmar Bergman
Learning English

Learning English is what people do when they want to use the English language. In language learning, we often talk about language skills and language systems. Language skills include: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Language systems include vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and discourse.
A lot of people learn English at school, where English is a common subjects. Many people also want to spend their own personal time to learn English. Some of these people may not know any English, where others will have learned some English in school, and will want to advance their knowledge of it.
Learning in schools
English is taught in many schools. It may be a required course for graduation, or students may choose to study it. For profit language schools are also common in many countries. These businesses sell English lessons.
English taught in community settings, for adult immigrants to English-speaking countries, is often referred to as ESOL (English for speakers of other languages).
Individual learning
Other people try to learn English on their own, or in a less formal setting than in a group of people with a teacher.
People might meet with others who are trying to learn English, in order to practice speaking.
People can also listen to radio broadcasts in English, or watch television programmes in English to help them improve their listening ability. A popular channel to listen to the radio on is broadcast by the BBC, called the BBC World Service .
People can also study English by reading books, or listening to English courses on recorded CDs or cassettes.
Online learning
The internet boom has created lot of avenues for learning. People can get lot of ideas on how to improve English communication skills using search engines like Google, Yahoo, etc. Especially during the lockdown due to COVID-19, online classes and courses became a main source of learning. The BBC World Service has a free website for people who are learning English as a second or foreign language called BBC Learning English.
Testing
Major tests of English language proficiency include TOEFL, IELTS, TOEIC, Pearson English Test, Cambridge Assessment English, and the Duolingo English Test.
Related pages
English as an additional language
Wikipedia: Basic English picture wordlist, 200 words in Basic English with pictures
References
Other websites
BBC English learning center
Language education
English language
Green politics

Green politics is a kind of politics that has been on the rise since the 1970s. The parties and movements that follow these ideas are usually called green:
The most important idea is that whatever is done has an impact on ecology. The environment needs to be protected; technologies and means of production should therefore be sustainable and protect the environment.
Environment politics must take into account the needs of the people. The ideas about social politics are mostly left-wing and support social justice.
Many of these movements advocate greater democracy, oppose centralism and advocate grassroots democracy. If action is taken, it needs the support of most of the people.
Advocacy for non-violence.
Greens have been most successful in Germany.
Other page
Environmentalism
Occitan Wikipedia

The Occitan Wikipedia () is the Occitan-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in December 2003. As of July 2013, it has over 84,000 articles.
References
Other websites
Occitan Wikipedia main page
Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
Labium

Labium (plural labia) is a Latin-derived term meaning "Lip". Labium and its derivatives (including labia, labial, labrum and labellum) are used to describe any lip-like structure, but in the English language, labium often specifically refers to parts of the vulva.
A variant of the word, labellum (plural: labella), is used by people studying entomology and botany.
References
Anatomy of the female reproductive system
David Carr (journalist)

David Michael Carr (September 8, 1956 - February 12, 2015) was an American columnist and author. He wrote the Media Equation column and covered culture for The New York Times. In 2014, he was named the Lack Professor of Media Studies at Boston University, a part-time position.
Carr died on February 12, 2015 following a collapse in the New York Times newsroom at the age of 58. His cause of death was lung cancer and heart disease.
References
Other websites
The Carpetbagger blog
Interview with Stephen Elliott
Interview with the Washington Post's Express
The Night of the Gun official website
Page One: Inside The New York Times
1956 births
2015 deaths
Academics from Massachusetts
American journalists
Writers from Minneapolis
Writers from New York City
Writers from New Jersey
People from Montclair, New Jersey
American bloggers
Italian language

The Italian language is a Romance language spoken in Italy. Other countries that use Italian as their official language are San Marino, Vatican City and Switzerland. Slovenia, and Croatia also use Italian as an official language, but only in some regions. Italian is spoken by about 70 million people in several countries, including some parts of Monaco, Malta, Albania, Montenegro, Dodecanese (Greece), Eritrea, Libya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Tunisia. The standard version from Tuscany is used for most writing but other dialects are sometimes written.
It is mostly derived from Latin, with some words from Greek, Etruscan and elsewhere. It is called an inflected language - that means that the meaning of words can be changed by changing their endings. Italian nouns are either masculine or feminine in gender (these usually have little to do with natural genders).
Most singular masculine nouns end in -o, and most plural masculine nouns end in -i.
Most singular feminine nouns end in -a, and most plural feminine nouns end in -e.
So:
= male cat
= female cat
= male cats
= female cats
The ending of verbs are quite complicated because of conjugation. The endings depend upon the tense of the verb (past, present, future and so on) and on the person of the verb (I, you, they etc.). Because Italian grammar uses endings for these inflections, the personal pronoun is not always needed (in the following example it is in parenthesis).
So:
(io) parlo = I speak
(noi) parliamo = we speak
(lui) parlava = he was speaking
(loro) parlarono = they spoke
(io) parlero = I will speak
parliamo! = let's speak!
There are very many of these endings to learn - it is one of the more difficult parts of the Italian Grammar. But pronunciation is simple - there are just a few rules to learn, and hardly any difficult sounds.
Many Italian words for food have entered the English language, such as: pizza, spaghetti and ravioli. Many technical words in music are Italian, such as forte and allegro. Many musical instrument names are also Italian, such as cello and tuba. Mafia and vendetta come from the darker side of Italian culture.
Pidgin versions of the Italian language were developed in the colonies of Italy: the most important were in Eritrea, Somalia and Libya.
Further reading
References
Other websites
Italian grammar and interactive course
Italian proverbs
Italian Learning Tips
Italian Grammar Primer
Italian Online Dictionaries and Glossaries
A dictionary of Italian orthography and pronunciation
English-Italian Dictionary and English-Italian Dictionary on http://www.wordreference.com/
Emma Tillman

Emma Fanchon Faust Tillman ( Faust; November 22, 1892 - January 28, 2007) was the world's oldest living person for four days in late January 2007. She holds the record for the shortest period spent as the world's oldest person.
Life
Emma Tillmann was born to sharecroppers in Sedalia, North Carolina on November 22, 1892, being one of 23 children and one of 15 children to live to adulthood. She moved to Connecticut together with her family in 1900 and was a member of her local church (the Metropolitan AME Zion Church in Hartford, Connecticut) since 1915, for a whopping 91 years in total. Tillman was the President of the Chancel Choir for 15 years and the church Secretary for 13 years. Since she could not find a job as a regular secretary due to discrimination, she had a career in catering, including baking cakes for both Katharine Hepburn's father and Jackie Robinson. Tillman's husband died in 1939, before the United States's entry into World War II, and she also outlived one of her two daughters. However, all of her Emma Tillman's siblings who moved to the Northern United States with her in 1900 ended up living beyond the age of 100.
Tillman died on January 28, 2007 and was survived by her 80-year-old daughter Marjorie and also by many other younger descendants of hers. She was the last remaining undisputed person born in 1892. She was succeeded as the world's oldest living person by 114-year-old Japanese woman Yone Minagawa.
Related pages
List of American supercentenarians
References
1892 births
2007 deaths
American supercentenarians
People from North Carolina
Never Say Never (Romeo Void song)

"Never Say Never" is a 1982 song by new band Romeo Void and is one of their best known songs. It was taken from their 1982 album Benefactor. It went to number 27 in the Billboard Mainstream Rock charts and was covered by Queens of the Stone Age for their 2000 album Rated R.
Track listings
All tracks by Debora Iyall, Peter Woods, Frank Zincavage, Benjamin Bossi and Larry Carter.
"Never Say Never" - 6:06
"In the Dark" - 4:33
"Present Tense" - 5:47
"Not Safe" - 3:57
1982 songs
Queens of the Stone Age songs
Pleasant Valley, Wisconsin

Pleasant Valley is a town in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, USA. As of 2014 the population was 523.
References
Towns in Wisconsin
Los Comitanos

Los Comitanos, also known as El Comite, is a literary group made up of writers who collaborate with the magazine El Comite 1973. The group's motto is: "create and disseminate literary texts with the purpose of increasing the culture of people around the world ". The name Los Comitanos, comes from the publication in which the members of the group collaborate, and refers to an editorial committee.
History
On July 30, 2012, the first edition of "El Comite 1973" was published after its foundation by Meneses Monroy. Since then, a growing number of artists have joined the group that publishes this publication. Among them are Guadalupe Flores Liera, Claudia Hernandez de Valle Arizpe, Daniel Olivares Viniegra. Visual artists such as Almendra Vergara and Elsa Madrigal are also represented in the group.
Web links
Entry (The Encyclopedia of Literature in Mexico)
References
Mexican writers
Roggel en Neer

Roggel en Neer is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2007, it has been part of the new municipality of Leudal.
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Leudal
Kendleton, Texas

Kendleton is a city in Fort Bend County, Texas, United States.
Cities in Texas
Price controls

In economics, price control is the idea that the government fixes the prices that can be charged for a given product or service, in a given market. The government either fixes an absolute price that is charged, or a price range, with a minimum and a maxium. Usually this is done so that goods such as staple food remain affordable. It can also be done to avoid people charging way too much for a good or service, which is known as price gouging. Another field where it is done is to ensure a minimum wage or salary that employers must pay.
The problem with the approach is that according to the Law of Supply and Demand, the price of a good or service depends on its supply compared with the demand for it. If the price is fixed below the price the market would normally ask, the demand will increase - the product is "cheaper" than it should be. In general, the supply is fixed- at some point it is not possible to increase the production, and the supply. In the long term, it will therefore not be possible to meet the demand, and there will be a shortage.
In the 4th century BC, Lactantius wrote that Diocletian "by various taxes he had made all things exceedingly expensive, attempted by a law to limit their prices. Then much blood [of merchants] was shed for trifles, men were afraid to offer anything for sale, and the scarcity became more excessive and grievous than ever. Until, in the end, the [price limit] law, after having proved destructive to many people, was from mere necessity abolished." As with Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices, shortages lead to black markets where prices for the same good exceed those of an uncontrolled market. Furthermore, once controls are removed, prices will immediately increase, which can temporarily shock the economic system.
The Arab oil embargo between October 19, 1973 and March 17, 1974 is another example on how price controls cause shortages: Long lines of cars and trucks quickly appeared at retail gas stations in the U.S. and some stations closed because of a shortage of fuel at the low price set by the U.S. Cost of Living Council. The fixed price was below what the market would otherwise pay and, as a result, the inventory disappeared. It made no difference whether prices were voluntarily or involuntarily posted below the market clearing price. Scarcity resulted in either case. Price controls fail to achieve their proximate aim, which is to reduce prices paid by retail consumers, but such controls do manage to reduce supply. When price controls on gasoline were lifted, the shortage ended and the long lines of cars at gas pumps disappeared.
Nobel prize winner Milton Friedman said "We economists don't know much, but we do know how to create a shortage. If you want to create a shortage of tomatoes, for example, just pass a law that retailers can't sell tomatoes for more than two cents per pound. Instantly you'll have a tomato shortage. It's the same with oil or gas."
References
Microeconomics
MS Dhoni

Mahendra Singh Dhoni, commonly known as MS Dhoni and Mahi, is an Indian cricketer player and was a former captain of the Indian cricket team. Dhoni is a right-handed batsman.
The Indian cricket team won the 2011 Cricket World Cup under his captainship. His Test cricket and One Day International records are the best of all Indian captains to date. He took over the ODI captaincy from Rahul Dravid in 2007 and led the team to its first ever inter-country ODI series wins in Sri Lanka and New Zealand. Dhoni also holds the post of Vice-President of India Cements Ltd. after resigning from Air India. India Cements is the owner of the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings, and Dhoni has been its captain since the first edition of IPL.
Dhoni was given many awards, such as the ICC ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009 (the first Indian player to achieve this), the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2007 and the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in 2009.
On 6 February 2015, Dhoni's daughter was born. He retired from international cricket in 2020.
Playing style
MS Dhoni was a right-handed batsman and also played the role of a wicket-keeper. He mostly played shots in the goo foot, that is, shifting his body weight on the right leg. He has his own famous cricket shot, called the "Helicopter", that can pick balls and send them in the galleries for six.
References
Other websites
Official Website
1981 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Messerschmitt Me 163

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The Messerschmitt Me 163 is a German military aircraft used during World War II. It was a rocket-powered aircraft. It was designed by Lippisch.
The plane weighed 4200 pounds when it was empty and almost 10,000 pounds when it was full. It could fly 560 miles per hour. During the last part of World War II, Messerchmitts fought B-17 bombers over Germany. About 18 B-17s were shot down and about 10 Messerschmitts were shot down.
The fuel the Messerschmitts used sometimes exploded.
Additional references
World War II German aircraft
German military aircraft
Neuendorf, Switzerland

Neuendorf is a municipality in the district Gau in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
French Southern and Antarctic Lands

These Islands are islands owned by France, they are some of the south most inhabited islands in the world. They are in the Southern Ocean or Antarctic Ocean. Residents include visiting military personnel, government officials, research scientists and support staff.
References
Nucleosynthesis

Nucleosynthesis is the physical process where lighter elements are changed into heavier elements. This usually happens in the center of a star, both during its life and especially during its violent death. It is also thought that this happened at the beginning of the universe, in the big bang.
Related pages
Stellar nucleosynthesis
Big Bang nucleosynthesis
Astrophysics
Nuclear physics
Kol people

The Kols, also known as Kolarians, are the original inhabitants of modern-day West Bengal and North-east India. The term Kol has been corrupted by the Aryan-Sanskritic speakers to the word "kalu", meaning both "black" and "ugly", in almost all of the 16 major languages of the subcontinent. The Kolarians are a Dravidian peoples stock group, whose descendant communities can be found also in West Bengal and elsewhere in the eastern part of the East India.
Most geological scholars will contend that most of Bangladesh was fashioned 1 to 6.5 million years ago during the Tertiary era. Semi-recent excavations in the Deolpota village of western Bengal seem to suggest that a Paleolithic civilization in the region existed about one hundred thousand years ago. A 10,000 to 15,000 year old stone structure in Rangamati is the primary evidence of Paleolithic civilization along with a hand axe found in the mountainous inclines of the Feni district. This Neo-stone age began 3,000 BC lasting almost 1500 years. Similar tools were found in Sitakunda of the eastern region Chittagong, and near Comilla district. The sparsely forested hills in eastern Bengal strewn with fertile valleys imparted a hospitable location for Neolithic settlements.
Physically, the indigenous peoples of eastern India were long-headed, dark skinned, broad-nosed, and short in stature. Sometimes labeled as "Negritos" and "Negroids", their physical features are unchanged today among the lowest castes of Bengal, mainly the peasants, as well as 95% of population of West Bengal today who derive from these lower castes and tribes.
Ethnic groups in India
Ethnic groups in Bangladesh
Cabinet of Singapore

The Cabinet of Singapore forms the (executive branch) of Singapore together with the President of Singapore. It is led by the Prime Minister of Singapore who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is a Member of Parliament (MP) appointed by the President who selects a person that in his or her view is likely to command the confidence of a majority of the Parliament of Singapore. The other members of the Cabinet are Ministers who are Members of Parliament appointed by the President on the Prime Minister's advice.
Government of Singapore
Organizations based in Singapore
Randolph Scott

Randolph Scott (January 23, 1898 - March 2, 1987) was an American actor.
Career
Randolph Scott made his film debut in the silent film Sharp Shooters (1928). And in 1929 has a small role in the western starring Gary Cooper The Virginian. Scott was one of the leading film actors in starring western, and one of the best interpreters of the genre. Its first western classics were The Last of the Mohicans (1936) and Western Union (1941) directed by Fritz Lang.
In 1943 he starred with Glenn Ford in the western The Desperadoes, directed by Charles Vidor.
Some of his classic 1940 was Belle of the Yukon (1944), as Gentleman Jack, and Badman's Territory (1946), as Sheriff Mark Rowley.
Scott also co-starred with John Wayne in Pittsburgh (1942), and with Charles Laughton in Captain Kidd (1945), two films from the 1940s.
1950s
The 1950 was one of the best for Scott stars in dozens of western. Among his films are 7th Cavalry (1956), he plays the role of Capt. Tom Benson. a Capt accused of cowardice, The Tall T (1957), as Pat Brennan, a cowboy who is kidnapped with a woman, the villain is Frank Usher, played by Richard Boone, and Ride Lonesome (1959), with Pernell Roberts.
In Comanche Station (1960), Scott is Jefferson Cody, A cowboy saves a woman who had been kidnapped by Indians Comanches, then struggles to get both of them home alive. This western was directed by Budd Boetticher, and written by Burt Kennedy. And his last western was Ride the High Country (1962), with Joel McCrea. Scott played role of Gil Westrum, an old gunslinger who with McCrea help a young woman escape from the bandits who pursue.
References
Last Of The Cowboy Heroes: The Westerns Of Randolph Scott, Joel Mccrea, by Robert Nott
Silent Stars, by Jeanine Basinger
Other websites
1898 births
1987 deaths
American movie actors
Actors from Virginia
Actors from Charlotte, North Carolina
Classified (rapper)

Luke Boyd (born December 13, 1977), whose stage name is Classified, is a Canadian hip hop artist and producer from Enfield, Nova Scotia.
Discography
Singles
Music video chart positions
References
Notes
Other websites
Classified Official website
Classified official HalfLife Records website
Classified article April 2009
Canada.com
Muchmusic.com
1977 births
Canadian rappers
Canadian songwriters
Entertainers from Nova Scotia
Living people
Pseudonyms
Singers
Juan Egenau

Juan Egenau Moore (24 February 1927 - 22 April 1987) was a Chilean sculptor.
Egenau first worked in enamel and in engraving on metal.
While studying casting on a Fulbright scholarship in 1968 at the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island, he developed a way of modelling for sand-casting in aluminium.
Other websites
Profile on the Union List of Artist Names Online
Biography on Biblioteca, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes
Profile on Portal del Arte
1927 births
1987 deaths
Chilean sculptors
People from Santiago
Mike Crapo

Mike Crapo (born May 20, 1951) is the senior United States Senator from Idaho. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 1999. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 1999.
Crapo was born on May 20, 1951 in Idaho Falls, Idaho. He studied at Brigham Young University and at Harvard Law School. He is married to Susan Hasleton. They have five children.
References
Other websites
Mike Crapo, U.S. Senator for Idaho, Home Page
1951 births
Living people
American Latter Day Saints
Lawyers from Idaho
Harvard University alumni
United States representatives from Idaho
United States senators from Idaho
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Fox

A fox is a small mammalian carnivore. They hunt and eat live prey, mostly rabbits and rodents (squirrels and mice). They may also eat grasshoppers, birds' eggs, and even fruit and berries. Sometimes they eat carrion. Foxes are the smallest members of the dog family Canidae.
Twelve species belong to the Vulpes genus of monophyletic "true foxes". There are about another 25 living or extinct species which are sometimes called foxes.
The fox has pointed ears, narrow snout, and a bushy tail.
Foxes are swift and agile runners which live in family groups. A female fox is called a vixen, and a male is called a dog. Foxes' tails are multi-purpose organs. Their bushy tail helps them keep warm while they are sleeping in cold weather. It is also part of the animal's food store for wintertime. Foxes' plump, bushy tail is easily seen, and is used for sending signals to its family members. The tail is also used for balance while running.
Foxes are found on all continents (except Antarctica), mostly living in forest, shrubland, and desert regions. They were not native to Australia, but were introduced in some way. The most common fox species is the red fox. In the United Kingdom, it was a common sport for people to hunt foxes with horses and dogs. This is now banned.
"Most agricultural damage is caused by rabbits, and this can be considerable. Yet in lowland areas, rabbits comprise 45 to 70 per cent of the diet of foxes... One study estimated that, over its lifetime, each fox was worth between PS150 and PS900 in increased revenue to farmers... A strong argument against killing foxes".
True foxes
The informal term 'true fox' refers to members of the Vulpes genus.
There are 12 species of Vulpus. They are:
Bengal fox, Vulpes bengalensis
Blanford's fox, Vulpes cana
Cape fox, Vulpes chama
Corsac fox, Vulpes corsac
Tibetan sand fox, Vulpes ferrilata
Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus
Kit fox, Vulpes macrotis
Pale fox, Vulpes pallida
Ruppell's fox, Vulpes rueppellii
Swift fox, Vulpes velox
Red fox, Vulpes vulpes (includes silver fox)
Fennec fox, Vulpes zerda
The arctic fox is included in this genus as Vulpes lagopus. There is genetic evidence that shows it is probably a true fox.
Some species of true fox are extinct. Fossils have been found of:
Vulpes hassini
Vulpes praeglacialis Kormos
Vulpes riffautae
References
Related pages
The Fox and the Grapes
Foxes
XNOR gate

The XNOR gate is a logic gate that outputs 1 (true) when both of its inputs are equal. If only one output is high(1) the output is low (0).
It is opposite of XOR GATE.
Symbols
There are three symbols for the XNOR gate:
Logic gates
Irina Shenberger

Irina Shenberger (born 20 February 1992) is a Kazakhstani volleyball player.
She played at the 2013 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2014 FIVB Women's World Championship, 2014 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2015 FIVB World Grand Prix, and 2016 FIVB World Grand Prix.
She played for VC Astana.
References
1992 births
Living people
Kazakhstani volleyball players
Hispar Pass

Hispar Pass (or Hispar La) (el. 5,128 m./16,824 ft.) is a high-altitude, non-technical mountain pass in the Karakoram Range in Pakistan.
At the pass, the Biafo Glacier (63 km. long) and Hispar Glacier (49 km long) meet to form the world's longest glacial traverse outside of the polar regions, 100 kilometers in length.
Mountain passes of Pakistan
11th century

The 11th century was the century from 1001 to 1100.
Decades and years
Note: years before or after the 11th century are in italics.
Related pages
Heian period
Roger Mayweather

Roger Mayweather (April 24, 1961 - March 17, 2020) was an American professional boxer and trainer. He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Mayweather competed from 1981 to 1999, and until 2020, had worked as a boxing trainer. He was a two-weight world champion, having held the WBA and lineal super featherweight titles from 1983 to 1984, and the WBC light welterweight title from 1987 to 1989.
He held the IBO light welterweight title in 1994, and the IBO welterweight title from 1994 to 1995.
Roger was a part of the Mayweather boxing family: his brothers are Floyd Mayweather Sr. and Jeff Mayweather, and his nephew is Floyd Mayweather Jr. Roger was Mayweather Jr.'s trainer from 2000 to 2012.
Mayweather died on March 17, 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada from diabetes-related problems, aged 58.
References
1961 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
African-American boxers
Sportspeople from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Lexington, Oregon

Lexington is a city in Oregon in the United States.
Cities in Oregon
Scooby-Doo! Camp Scare

Scooby-Doo! Camp Scare, also known as Scooby-Doo and the Summer Camp, is a 2010 cartoon animated movie from the Scooby-Doo franchise. The film features all three monsters, who are trying to scare the gang away.
Plot
Scooby-Doo and the Mystery Inc. gang travel to Camp Little Moose, Fred's old summer camp. However, they find the camp empty, except for the camp counselor, Burt, and the local ranger, John Knudsen. They learn that one of the camp's legends, the Woodsman, has come to life to spook them away. Burt is about John's advice when three kids, Deacon, Luke and Trudy arrive. Then, they are attacked by the Woodsman wielding an axe.
The next day, the gang and the kids are attacked by a Fish Man, another urban legend. But will they figure it out and outsmart the three villains?
Heroes
This is an important list about the heroes who appear in the movie.
Shaggy Rogers
Scooby Doo
Velma Dinkey
Daph Blake
Luke
Trudy
Burt
Freddy Jones
Jessica
Villains
This is an important list about the villains who appear in the movie.
Deacon
Boretti
John Knudsen
Gangster (mentioned)
Fish Man
The Mean Counselor (shown in Burt's story)
Spectre Witch
Woodsman
Slithering Serpents (shown in Burt's story)
Unmasked Villains
This is a list about the villains who were unmasked in the movie.
Deacon
Fish Man
Spectre Witch
Woodsman
Following Photos
This is a gallery of following photos from an untitled live action movie.
Scooby-Doo movies
2010 animated movies
Greg Robinson (American football coach)

Gregory McIntosh "Gerg" Robinson (October 9, 1951 - January 5, 2022) was an American football coach and player. Robinson was the head football coach at Syracuse University from 2005 to 2008.
He was an assistant coach with several other college football programs and for three teams in the National Football League (NFL): the New York Jets from 1990 to 1994, the Denver Broncos from 1995 to 2000, and the Kansas City Chiefs from 2001 to 2003. He was born in Los Angeles, California.
Robinson died on January 5, 2022 in Carpinteria, California from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 70.
References
1951 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American football linebackers
American football centers
American football tight ends
American football coaches
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Sportspeople from New York (state)
People from Syracuse, New York
Disease-related deaths in California
Wellington boot

Wellington boot is a type of boot, popularized by Anglo-Irish soldier and general Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.
Wellington boot is waterproof and is made from rubber. These boots are usually worn in wet weather, especially in autumn time. They protect from puddles.
Boots
Surface area

Surface area the measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies (3D) object. The surface area of a polyhedron is found by finding the sum of the area of all of the faces. The surface area is found between many three-dimensional (3D) shapes using formulas.
The surface area is useful because it tells you how much material is required in order to cover the object--for example, how much paint is needed to paint a table. Surface area is the sum of the faces, or surfaces, of a three dimensional shape.
Surface area and evaporation
Surface area increases rate of evaporation because there are more molecules touching the surface. There the surface molecules can draw heat energy from the surroundings, which makes the molecules heat up faster and escape faster. This process is also known as evaporation. For example, a bowl filled with water will evaporate much faster than a flask filled with the same amount.
References
Physical quantity
Geometry
Pierre-Perthuis

Pierre-Perthuis is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Bréviandes

Breviandes is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Communes in Aube