pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ambient occlusion

Ambient occlusion is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to estimate how light behaves more accurately. Inner crevices of objects (or space where two objects are close to each other) have less light and appear darker (have more shadow).
Imagine being inside a matte world with even light; the surface color is exactly the same everywhere, so you shouldn't be able to see any corners or edges; because of the described effect, you can.
Computer graphics
Fellheim

Fellheim is a municipality in Unterallgau in Bavaria, Germany. The town has a municipal association with Boos, Bavaria.
References
Unterallgau
Yadgir district

Yadgir District is one of the 30 districts of Karnataka state in southern India.
Districts of Karnataka
Sharp

Sharp means that something can cut easily.
Sharp may also refer to:
Sharp (photography), if a picture is sharp it is well in focus.
Sharp hearing, if someone has "Sharp hearing" it means they can hear extremely well.
Sharp (music), a sharp is a note that has been made higher by a semitone
Sharp (tuning), means that a note that is not in tune: The pitch is too high (see intonation).
Sharp Corporation, a Japanese electronics manufacturer
Basic English 850 words
Omen

An omen is a sign that is thought to foretell the future, often signifying the advent of change. The word can mean something either "good" or "bad" is about to happen. The origin of the word is unknown, although it may be connected with the Latin word audire, meaning "to hear". An example from the past, babies born with birth defects were believed to be a bad or evil omen.
Related pages
Luck
Superstition
Divination
Heath Slater

Heath Miller (born July 15, 1983 in Pineville, West Virginia) is an American professional wrestler. He currently works with the WWE where he wrestles under the ring name Heath Slater. He was a member of the stables 3MB and The Nexus.
Slater has won the WWE Tag Team Championship three times with Justin Gabriel. He also won a Slammy Award in 2010 for the debut of The Nexus. Slater's finishing move is the Smash Hit which is a spinning lifting DDT.
Championships
Florida Championship Wrestling
FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship (one time)
FCW Southern Heavyweight Championship (one time)
FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Joe Hennig)
Georgia Championship Wrestling
NWA/GCW Columbus Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Feud of the Year (2010) (The Nexus vs. WWE)
PWI Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2010) (as part of The Nexus)
He was ranked #66 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2011.
World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
WWE Tag Team Championship (three times) (with Justin Gabriel)
Slammy Award for Shocker of the Year (2010) (The debut of The Nexus)
References
Other websites
WWE profile
1983 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from West Virginia
WWE wrestlers
Carmina Burana

Carmina Burana is the name given to a collection of texts from the 11th and 12th century. There are over 240 texts in the collection, most of them written in Latin, some in Middle High German. Most of the texts are moral or satirical in nature. There are also texts about spring, or about love. Some of them are drinking songs, some of them were used as Minnesang. Some of the songs contain hints for the melodies. For some, the melodies can be reconstructed.
The texts were written down around 1230. This happened either in an abbey in Styria, or near Brixen. They were discovered by Johann Christoph von Aretin in Benediktbeuern Abbey in 1803. Today, they are in the Bavarian State Library in Munich. There they can be found there as Codex Buranus, with the signature clm 4660/4660a.
Johann Andreas Schmeller edited them and published them as Carmina Burana - Lieder aus Benediktbeuern.
Carl Orff took 24 of them as Carmina Burana. He wrote the music for them. The work was first performed in 1937 in the Opera house in Frankfurt am Main. Together with his works Catulli Carmina and Trionfo di Afrodite he made a work containing all three, called Trionfi. Trionfi is performed much less than the Carmina Burana alone, though.
Other websites
Complete original text (without translation) from Biblioteca Augustana
Text with translations from Teach Yourself Latin
Athena Review
Carmina Burana: An Analysis of Perfection , 1996.
Carmina Vulgata in linguam Ruthenicam versa
12th-century books
Latin language
1930s operas
Nina Turner

Nina Turner (born December 7, 1967) is an American progressive politician. Turner, a Democrat, served as a member of the Ohio State Senate from 2008 to 2014, and was elected to be the chamber's Minority Whip in the 129th General Assembly.
Works
Turner has been seen as a rising star in the Democratic Party. She endorsed Bernie Sanders for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2016 and became an active supporter for him.
Turner is President of the Sanders-affiliated group Our Revolution in 2017, taking over from former Sanders campaign manager Jeff Weaver.
After Marcia Fudge was selected as Biden's nomination for Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Turner filed paperwork to run for in the special election for Ohio's 11th congressional district. She lost the election to Shontel Brown. In January 2022, she said she would run against Brown in the Democratic primary for that same district's 2022 election cycle. She lost to Brown again in the May primary.
References
1967 births
Living people
American progressives
Politicians from Cleveland
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
Charles VI of France

Charles VI of France (3 December 1368 - 21 October 1422) was King of France from 1380 until his death. He was not a successful king.
Often he was not able to rule the country because of mental illness and his wife Queen Isabeau of Bavaria ruled with the help of his brother Louis I de Valois, Duke of Orleans. This made his cousin John the Fearless of Burgundy very angry, so John the Fearless had Louis I assassinated. A few years after that, Henry V of England invaded and won the Battle of Agincourt.
Charles had a mental illness from around 1410 until he died. His mental illness involved him killing some of his own servants and at one point he thought he was made of glass.
1368 births
1422 deaths
House of Valois
Kings and Queens of France
Ian MacDonald

Ian MacCormick (known by the pseudonym Ian MacDonald; 3 October 1948 - 20 August 2003) was a British music critic and author, best known for both Revolution in the Head, his critical history of The Beatles.
1948 births
2003 deaths
British writers
Remiencourt

Remiencourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Brian Williams

Brian Douglas Williams (born May 5, 1959) is the anchor of NBC Nightly News, the evening newscast of NBC. He used to anchor the NBC News broadcast The News with Brian Williams on NBC's sister networks CNBC and MSNBC.
On February 10, 2015, Williams was suspended for six months without pay. That was done because he reported false stories regarding his trips to Iraq in 2003 and to New Orleans during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
References
American journalists
Living people
1959 births
American television news anchors
Writers from New Jersey
People from Ridgewood, New Jersey
Robin Femy

Robin Femy (born 19 October 1989) is a skier from Canada. He helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain. He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Chris Williamson. They were the third skiers to finish in the visually impaired men's downhill race. They were the second skiers to finish in the men's visually impaired Super-G race. They were the third skiers to finish in the men's visually impaired Super Combined race. They were the third skiers to finish in the slalom race.
References
Canadian skiers
Living people
1989 births
Sighted guides
Whicham

Whicham is a village and civil parish in Copeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 395 people living in Whicham.
References
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Copeland
National Folk Museum of Korea

National Folk Museum of Korea (gugribminsogbagmulgwan, Guo Li Min Su Bo Wu Guan ) is a museum in Jongno District, Seoul. It was opened in 1945, and reopened in Gyeongbok Palace in 1993.
Other websites
National Folk Museum of Korea
National museums of South Korea
Couy

Couy is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. About 363 people lived there in January 2019.
Population
References
Communes in Cher
Kangarli District

Kangarli or Kengerli is the newest raion of Azerbaijan. It is in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. There were 25,379 people in 2004. It was split off from Sharur raion in March 2004. The administrative center of the raion is Givrakh.
On 25 May 2004, President Ilham Aliyev chose Nazim Cafarov as the executive head of the raion.
The name Kangarli was first for a Turkic tribe who founded Kangarli Khanate. The capital was at Maku in what is now Iran.
References
Other websites
Districts of Azerbaijan
Rinchnach

Rinchnach is a municipality in Regen, of Germany.
Geography
Rinchnach is in the middle of the Bavarian Forest, 7 kilometers southeast of the town Rain, and 9 kilometers south of Zwiesel.
The river Rinchnacher Ohe flows through Rinchnach.
References
Regen (district)
Rishang Keishing

Rishang Keishing (25 October 1920 - 22 August 2017) was an Indian politician. He was a senior politician of the Indian National Congress party was a Member of the Parliament of India representing Manipur in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. Keishing served as Chief Minister of Manipur from 1980 to 1988 and from 1994 to 1997. He was from Bungpa village, Ukhrul District, Manipur.
He was the oldest serving parliamentarian in the world, his term at Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament ends 9 April 2014.
Keishing died on 22 August 2017, aged 96, in Imphal, Manipur of multiple organ failure.
References
1920 births
2017 deaths
Indian politicians
People from Manipur
Germigny-l'Exempt

Germigny-l'Exempt is a commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Cher department in central France. In 2019, 296 people lived there.
References
Communes in Cher
Shailendra Prasad Sah

Shailendra Prasad Sah (Nepali: shailendr prsaad saah) is a Nepalese politician. He is a member of Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province from People's Socialist Party, Nepal. Sah, a resident of Bishnupur Rural Municipality, Saptari, was elected via 2017 Nepalese provincial elections from Saptari 2(A).
References
Living people
Nepalese politicians
Titus Welliver

Titus B. Welliver (born March 12, 1962) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles of the Man in Black in Lost, Silas Adams in Deadwood, Jimmy O'Phelan in Sons of Anarchy, and the title role in the television series Bosch.
References
1962 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New Haven, Connecticut
Robert D. Springer

Robert Dale Springer (January 17, 1933 - August 19, 2021) was a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force. He was vice commander in chief, Military Airlift Command from 1987 to 1988 and inspector general of the Air Force from 1985 to 1987. He was born in Millheim, Pennsylvania.
Springer died on August 19, 2021 in Palmyra, Pennsylvania at the age of 88.
References
1933 births
2021 deaths
American generals
Military people from Pennsylvania
Opah

Opah (moonfish, kingfish, or sunfish) are large, colorful fish. They are in a small family, the Lampridae. The family has only two living species in one genus, Lampris.
The opah is the only known fish that is completely warm-blooded.
One species lives in tropical or temperate waters in most oceans. The other species lives in the Southern Ocean.
Opah are not often caught by recreational fishermen.
Opah flesh has a light pink-to-orange color. The flesh turns white when cooked.
References
Lampriformes
Melanie Leupolz

Melanie Leupolz (born 14 April 1994 in Wangen im Allgau, Germany) is a German association football midfielder who currently plays for FC Bayern Munich and the Germany women's national football team.
Honours
International
UEFA Women's Championship: Winner 2013
FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup: Runner-up 2012
Algarve Cup: Winner 2014
Summer Olympic Games: Gold medal, 2016
FC Bayern Munich
Bundesliga: Winner 2014-15, 2015-16
References
Other websites
Profile at DFB
Player German domestic football stats at DFB
International record
1994 births
Living people
Female footballers
German footballers
Sportspeople from Baden-Wurttemberg
Val-de-Ruz

Val-de-Ruz is a municipality of the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchatel in Switzerland.
It was created on 1 January 2013, when fifteen municipalities combined to become one. They were: Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chezard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Paquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged to form Val-de-Ruz. The administrative services are in the village of Cernier.
References
Municipalities of Neuchatel
2013 establishments in Switzerland
Lorena Borjas

Lorena Borjas (May 29, 1960 - March 30, 2020) was a Mexican-American transgender and immigrant rights activist. She was known as the mother of the transgender Latinx community in Queens, New York. She lived for many years in the Jackson Heights neighborhood of Queens, where she was a community figure and leader. Borjas was born in Veracruz, Mexico and studied public accounting in Mexico City.
Borjas earned honors from former Mayor David Dinkins, New York Attorney General Letitia James, and Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz. In 2019, she was declared a New York Woman of Distinction in the State Senate.
Borjas died on March 30, 2020, aged 59, from problems of COVID-19 at the age of 59.
References
1960 births
2020 deaths
American LGBT rights activists
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
People from Mexico City
Bern Herbolsheimer

Bern Herbolsheimer (September 2, 1948 - January 13, 2016) was an American composer and pianist. He was born in Great Falls, Montana. Herbolsheimer served on the music faculty at Cornish College in Seattle. He performed for the National Endowment for the Arts and for the Chamber Music America. He has composed over 500 pieces of work.
Herbolsheimer died of cancer in Seattle, Washington, aged 67.
References
1948 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Washington (state)
American composers
American pianists
People from Great Falls, Montana
Musicians from Montana
Musicians from Seattle
Walter Jakob Gehring

Walter Jakob Gehring (March 20, 1939 - May 29, 2014) was a Swiss developmental biologist. He was a professor at the Biozentrum Basel of the University of Basel, Switzerland. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Zurich in 1965. After two years as a research assistant of Professor Ernst Hadorn he joined Professor Alan Garen's group at Yale University in New Haven as a postdoctoral fellow.
References
1939 births
2014 deaths
Swiss biologists
Chuck Stone

Charles Sumner "Chuck" Stone, Jr. (July 21, 1924 - April 6, 2014) was an American newspaper editor, columnist, journalist, and writer. He was a Tuskegee Airman during World War II. In the 1940s, he was the first African-American undergraduate in several decades at Wesleyan University. He graduated in the class of 1948 and serving as the commencement speaker. He later received a master's degree in sociology from the University of Chicago. He was the first president of the National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ, 1975-77). He was born in Hartford, Connecticut.
Stone died from congestive heart failure on April 6, 2014 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He was 89 years old.
References
Other websites
Chuck Stone biography
1924 births
2014 deaths
African American writers
American columnists
American journalists
American people of World War II
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Writers from North Carolina
Astrid North

Astrid North (born Astrid Karina North Radmann; 24 August 1973 - 25 June 2019) was a German soul singer and songwriter. She was the singer of the German band . She released five albums with them. She was also a guest singer of the band for which she published three albums. North was born in Berlin.
North died on 25 June 2019 from pancreatic cancer in Berlin, aged 45.
References
Other websites
1973 births
2019 deaths
German singer-songwriters
Writers from Berlin
Socialist Party (Belgium)

The Socialist Party (, PS) is a social democratic political party in Belgium. It is the second largest party in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives and was the largest French speaking party as of 2014.
Electoral results
Chamber of Representatives
Senate
Controversies
The party, or its members, have been accused of crimes, mostly bribery and financial fraud.
References
Political parties in Belgium
Alban, Tarn

Alban is a commune of the Tarn department in southern France.
References
Communes in Tarn
Danielle Darrieux

Danielle Yvonne Marie Antoinette Darrieux (1 May 1917 - 17 October 2017) was a French actress and singer. She has appeared in more than 110 movies since 1931. She is one of France's great movie stars and her eighty year career.
Darrieux was born in Bordeaux, France. She died on 17 October 2017 in Bois-le-Roi, France from complications of a fall, aged 100 year old. For her long service to the motion picture industry, in 1985 Danielle was given an Honorary Cesar Award.
References
Other websites
1917 births
2017 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
French centenarians
French movie actors
French stage actors
French television actors
People from Bordeaux
Masally District

Masally (Masalli) is a raion in the south of Azerbaijan. The Caspian Sea is on the east border. Vilash is the largest river of the district. The raion was formed in 1930.
Districts of Azerbaijan
Lankaran Economic Region
West Fork, Arkansas

West Fork is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Goustranville

Goustranville is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Zhang Yuqian

Zhang Yuqian (born 2 May 2000) is a Chinese volleyball player. She played for the Chinese national team. She played at the 2015 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship, 2016 Asian Women's U19 Volleyball Championship, and 2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship.
She played for Shanghai women's volleyball team.
References
1998 births
Living people
Chinese volleyball players
Claudio Biaggio

Claudio Biaggio (born 2 July 1967) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="4"|Primera Division||10||5
|-
|1993/94||30||5
|-
|1994/95||33||15
|-
|1995/96||22||11
|-
|1996/97||Girondins Bordeaux||Division 1||16||2
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|San Lorenzo Almagro||rowspan="3"|Primera Division||16||8
|-
|1997/98||34||16
|-
|1998/99||24||5
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Colon||rowspan="2"|Primera Division||28||11
|-
|2000/01||22||5
|-
|2001||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 1||13||2
|-
|2002||Deportivo Cuenca||Serie A||0||0
|-
|2002||Danubio||Primera Division||12||5
|-
|2003||Bolivar||Liga Profesional||0||0
219||81
16||2
13||2
0||0
12||5
0||0
260||90
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
References
1967 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
San Lorenzo de Almagro managers
Alice, North Dakota

Alice is a city in Cass County, North Dakota, United States.
Cities in North Dakota
Audrey Daule

Audrey Daule (born 6 May 1993) is a French water polo player.
She was a member of the France women's national water polo team at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
References
Other websites
"Interview Audrey DAULE et Lea BACHELIER". France water-polo (in French). 3 October 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
water-polo palmares equipe de france feminine
"Isabella Chiappini of Italia and Audrey Daule of France" Getty Images.
1993 births
Living people
French water polo players
Shobushi Kanji

was a Japanese sumo wrestler. He was born in Kofu, Yamanashi. He was the first sumo wrestler to die from the coronavirus. He is also thought to be the first person in their 20s to die from the virus in Japan.
Shobushi was the first wrestler confirmed to have been infected with the virus.
Shobushi died on May 13, 2020 from the virus in Tokyo, aged 28.
References
1991 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Japanese professional wrestlers
Lulu (singer)

Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie (born 3 November 1948), best known by her stage name Lulu, is a Scottish pop singer and actress. Her most famous hit is the song "Shout".
Lulu's first hit was the song "To Sir with Love", which was the title song of the 1967 movie To Sir, with Love, which was also her movie debut.
In 1969, she represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest. Lulu tied for first place alongside three other countries due to no tie-breaking rule.
She sang the title song of the 1974 James Bond movie The Man with the Golden Gun.
She was a contestant in the 2011 series of Strictly Come Dancing.
Other websites
1948 births
Living people
Actors from Glasgow
Musicians from Glasgow
Scottish movie actors
Scottish pop singers
Scottish television actors
Strictly Come Dancing participants
Eurovision Song Contest winners
Computer multitasking

Multitasking means that a computer can run more than one item of software in the same time frame; switching between several computer programs running on a single CPU. It can also refer to a person who is working on more than one task at the same time (for instance, talking on the telephone while filing papers).
In computing
Computers which can appear to run more than one program even with only one CPU. Computer scientists solve the problem that a CPU can only do one thing at a time by programming it so that it switches rapidly between tasks. This happens so rapidly that it appears that the computer is running more than one program at once. This is called "multiprogramming". This action is often controlled by the operating system (OS) controlling the hardware of the system.
The more things the computer has to do at once, the more time it has to spend deciding which to give more time to, and the less time each one receives. This tends to make the computer perform its tasks more slowly, unless it uses a multi-core processor, acting as multiple CPUs, which is called "multiprocessing".
Related pages
Multiprocessing
Multithreading
Computer science
Al Di Meola

Al Laurence Di Meola (born July 22, 1954) is a Jazz fusion guitarist. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey.
American guitarists
American jazz musicians
Musicians from New Jersey
1954 births
Living people
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Super Bowl XL

Super Bowl XL was an American football game in the National Football League between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers against the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks to decide the Super Bowl champion for the 2005 season. Played on February 5, 2006, at Ford Field in Detroit, the Steelers beat the Seahawks, 21-10. Steelers receiver Hines Ward, who caught 5 passes for 123 yards and a touchdown, while also rushing for 18 yards, was named Super Bowl MVP. Pittsburgh finished the regular season with an 11-5 record and became the fourth wild card team, and third in nine years, to win the Super Bowl. Pittsburgh also became the first #6 seed in the NFL playoffs to win a Super Bowl (and the first #6 seed to win a conference title). The Steelers became the second franchise, following the Oakland Raiders, to appear in the Super Bowl in four different decades (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s), and the first to appear in four consecutive decades. Also, Steelers runningback Jerome Bettis was able win a Super Bowl thanks to this game.
However, many have criticized the officiating in that game, as they believe Seattle was cheated during some questionable calls by referee Bill Leavy.
References
Super Bowl referees foul, yet so was everything else-USA Today
Game recap
040
2006 in sports
Pittsburgh Steelers
2006 in the United States
2000s in Detroit
Dolj County

Dolj () is a county (judet) of Romania, in Oltenia. The capital is Craiova (population: 314,437).
Geography
Dolj County has an area of 7,414 km2.
Divisions
Dolj County has 3 municipalities, 4 towns and 104 communes.
Municipalities
Craiova
Bailesti
Calafat
Towns
Bechet
Dabuleni
Filiasi
Segarcea
Communes
Dolj
Moshe Arens

Moshe Arens (27 December 1925 - 7 January 2019) was an Israeli aeronautical engineer, researcher and former diplomat and politician. He was a member of the Knesset between 1973 and 1992 and again from 1999 until 2003. Arens was a member of Likud.
He served as Minister of Defense three times and once as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Arens also served as the Israeli ambassador to the U.S. and was professor at the Technion in Haifa.
Arens was born in Kaunas, Lithuania. He studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at the California Institute of Technology. Arens died at his home in Savyon, Israel on 7 January 2019 at the age of 93.
References
Other websites
Charlie Rose - Moshe Arens
Moshe Arens Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1925 births
2019 deaths
Ambassadors of Israel
Members of the Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli academics
Jewish academics
Jewish Israeli politicians
Likud politicians
Lithuanian Jews
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Kaunas
Aerospace engineers
Ivan Skosirev

Ivan Skosirev (Russian: Ivan Skosyrev;
14 April 1947 -- 19 December 2022) was a Soviet road cyclist. He was national champion and represented the Soviet Union at international races.
Biography
Skosirev was born in Ust-Muta in 1947. His brother Victor Skosirev was also a cyclist who competed for the Soviet Union.
Skosirev made his debut for the national team in 1971 at the Tour of Algeria where he finished second behind Polish Zbigniew Krzeszowiec. After finishing second in 1972 he won the national team time trial championship in 1973 together with Gennady Komnatov, Rinat Sharafulin and Viktor Skosyrev. In the fall of 1973, Skosyrev won the Tour of Bulgaria including a stage win.
In 1974 he won the Circuit Cycliste Sarthe stage race in France ahead of Alain Meunier.
Skosirev died in Omsk on 19 December 2022.
References
Other websites
1947 births
2022 deaths
Soviet cyclists
Christopher Zeeman

Sir Erik Christopher Zeeman FRS (4 February 1925 - 13 February 2016), was a British mathematician. He was known for his work in geometric topology and singularity theory. Zeeman's main contributions to mathematics were in topology, particularly in knot theory, the piecewise linear category, and dynamical systems.
Other websites
Interview in CIM Bulletin 2001
Three references for further reading
Bibliography
Zeeman's Catastrophe Machine
Zeeman's Catastrophe Machine in Flash
AMS -- The Catastrophe Machine
Doctor Zeeman's Original Catastrophe Machine
"The Cusp of Catastrophe: Rene Thom, Christopher Zeeman and Denis Postle" in Maps of the Mind Charles Hampden-Turner. Collier Books, 1981.
Mathematics into Pictures , Christopher Zeeman's 1978 Royal Institution Christmas Lectures
1925 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Japanese scientists
British geometers
People from Oxfordshire
Topologists
Fred Richmond

Frederick William "Fred" Richmond (November 15, 1923 - December 28, 2019) was an American politician and convicted criminal of Jewish descent. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York from January 3, 1975 through January 3, 1982.
In April 1978, Richmond was arrested in Washington for soliciting sex from a 16-year-old boy. In 1982 Richmond was convicted on federal corruption charges, which included possession of marijuana and payment of an illegal gratuity to a Brooklyn Navy Yard employee. As part of a plea bargain he was forced to resign from office.
Richmond was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Boston University.
With a personal fortune estimated at $32 million, Richmond was one of the wealthiest members of Congress.
Richmond died on December 28, 2019 at a nursing home in Manhattan from pneumonia, aged 96.
References
Other websites
Retrieved on 2009-05-19.
"What's Really Wrong with Fred Richmond?", Jim Sleeper, Village Voice, March 30, 1982.
"The Rise and Fall of Fred Richmond", Pete Hamill and Denis Hamill, New York Magazine'', November 22, 1982.
1923 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American people convicted of drug offenses
Boston University alumni
Jewish American criminals
Jewish American politicians
Politicians from Boston
United States representatives from New York (state)
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Laufach

Laufach is a community in the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Other websites
Community's official webpage
Aschaffenburg (district)
Antlers

Antlers are usually large, branching structures, made of bone, which grow on the heads of deer and similar animals.
With deer, only males have antlers. Only reindeer (caribou) have antlers on the females, and these are normally smaller than those of the males.
Growth of antlers
While an antler is growing, it is covered with highly vascular skin called velvet, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone.
Antlers are one of the most striking cases of male secondary sex characteristics in the animal kingdom. They grow faster than any other mammal bones. Growth occurs at the tip, and is initially cartilage, which is mineralized to become bone. Once the antler has achieved its full size, the velvet is lost and the antler's bone dies. This dead bone structure is the mature antler. The antlers fall off at some point.
To re-grow antlers each year uses up nutrition, so they are honest signals of food gathering capability.
Sexual selection
The principle means of evolution of antlers is sexual selection, which operates by two mechanisms: Male-male competition (behaviorally, physiologically) and female mate choice.
Male-male competition can take place in two forms. First, they can compete when males use their antlers as weapons to compete for mates; second, they can compete where males present their antlers to display their strength and fertility. Males with the largest antlers are more likely to obtain mates and achieve fertilization success.
Related pages
Horn (anatomy), a structure similar to antlers, but made of keratin instead of bone
References
Animal anatomy
Tautenburg

Tautenburg is a municipality in the district Saale-Holzland in Thuringia, Germany. It is the place where the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory is located.
References
Heungseon Daewongun

Heungseon Daewongun (Hangul: , Hanja: , 21 December 1820 - 22 February 1898) was the title of Korean politician and regent of the Joseon dynasty Yi Ha-eung. Yi Ha-eung received the title when he became regent for King Gojong who was a child when he became King of Korea. Yi ruled between 1863 and 1874, during his rule he tried to close Korea from foreign influences and protect the traditional Korean way of life; when Christian missionaries threatened the traditional Korean social hierarchy, he became a persecutor of Christians martyring Korean converts and Western missionaries.
1820 births
1898 deaths
Korean politicians
Regents
Arberg

Arberg is a municipality in Ansbach, a district (Landkreis) in Middle Franconia.
Related pages
Odilo Weeger
References
Ansbach (district)
Astore District

Astore is one of the six districts of Gilgit Baltistan. The district contains the Astore Valley and is bounded to the west by Diamir District (from which it was separated in 2004).
Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan
Hullbridge

Hullbridge is a village and civil parish in Rochford District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 6445 people living in Hullbridge.
References
GENUKI
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Johan Ludvig Runeberg

Johan Ludvig Runeberg (; 5 February 1804 - 6 May 1877) was a poet from Finland. He is the national poet of Finland. He wrote in the Swedish language.
Runeberg's most famous work is Fanrik Stals sagner (The Tales of Ensign Stal, Vanrikki Stoolin tarinat in Finnish). He wrote it between 1848 and 1860. The book consists of 36 poems. The tales are about Finnish War of 1808-09. In the war Russia got Finland from Sweden. In the tales Runeberg tries to tell us that deep down inside people are similar on both sides of the war. In that book, small people from Finland become heroes in their own life. The first poem "Vart land" (Our Land, Maamme in Finnish) became the Finnish National anthem.
References
1804 births
1877 deaths
Finnish poets
Finnish songwriters
Wilco

Wilco is an American alternative rock band from Chicago, Illinois. The band was created in 1994 by the last members of alternative country group Uncle Tupelo after singer Jay Farrar quit the band.
References
Other websties
Wilco at Rolling Stone
Musical groups from Chicago
Area code 605

Area code 605 is an area code for South Dakota. It covers the entire state of South Dakota because it is the only area code in that state, making it one of the longest area codes to cover the entire state without being split or overlaid.
605
South Dakota
Spring on the Oder

Spring on the Oder () is a 1967 Soviet drama movie directed by Lev Saakov. It stars Anatoliy Kuznetsov, Anatoliy Grachyov, and Lyudmila Chursina.
Actors
Anatoliy Kuznetsov as Lubentsov
Anatoliy Grachyov as Chokhov
Lyudmila Chursina as Tanya
Georgi Zhzhyonov as Ryzheusy
Yury Solomin as Meshcherski
Pyotr Shcherbakov as Sizokrylov
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1967 movies
Soviet drama movies
Landeck District

The Landeck District () is a in Tyrol, Austria. It is next to Reutte to the north, Imst to the east, South Tyrol (Italy) and Graubunden (Switzerland) to the south, and Bludenz (Vorarlberg) to the west.
Its area is 1,595 km2. As of 2015, 43,886 people lived there. The administrative center is Landeck.
Places
The district has 30 municipalities, one of which is a town.
Towns
Landeck
Municipalities
Faggen
Fendels
Fiss
Fliess
Flirsch
Galtur
Grins
Ischgl
Kappl
Kaunerberg
Kaunertal
Kauns
Ladis
Nauders
Pettneu am Arlberg
Pfunds
Pians
Prutz
Ried im Oberinntal
Sankt Anton am Arlberg
Schonwies
See
Serfaus
Spiss
Stanz bei Landeck
Strengen
Tobadill
Tosens
Zams
Districts of Tyrol (state)
Albert Bruschke

Albert Vincent Godefridus Bruschke (22 January 1935 - 1 December 2022) was a Dutch cardiologist. He was professor at Leiden University Medical Center between 1984 and 2000. He was founder of Dutch coronary arteriography.
Biography
Bruschke studied medicine in Leiden and studied aftwards two years internal medicine in the former . Bruschke started in in 1963 a cardiology training at the in Utrecht under the supervision of C.L.C. van Nieuwenhuizen. He became a registered cardiologist in 1966. In 1965 he introduced introduced coronary angiography in the Netherlands, as one of the in the first countries in Europe. He received his doctorate from the University of Groningen in 1970 with his thesis "The diagnostic significance of the coronary arteriogram: a study on its value in relation to other diagnostic methods".
As a Special Fellow, Bruschke immersed himself in research into the natural course of coronary abnormalities at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, the United States from 1971 to 1972. His efforts resulted in multiple of publications on the progression of coronary disease. These articles were later classified as 'Citation Classics' in 1982. After his Cleveland studies, Bruschke was invited to numerous national and international committees in the field of coronary disease, including becoming Fellow of the Society of Cardiac Angiography, the College of Chest Physicians, the American College of Cardiology and Founding Father of the European Society of Cardiology. In 1972 Bruschke became head and trainer of the cardiology department of the in Utrecht. He was in the Netherlands also chairman of the coronary angiography committee (1973-78), represented the Nederlandse Vereniging voor Cardiologie at the "Specialisten Registratie Commissie" (translated: Specialist Registration Committee) (1980-82) and was chairman of the board of the Nederlandse Vereniging voor Cardiologie from 1983 to 1985.
He became professor and trainer of cardiology at Leiden University Medical Center in 1984. With the arrival of Bruschke, the Cardiobiochemistry laboratory also started to focus on research into the lipoproteins in blood from 1985. He supervised in his period 22 PhD-students. He retired in 2000.
Bruschke died in Leiden on 1 December 2022, at the age of 87.
References
Dutch academics
Cardiology
1935 births
2022 deaths
People from Leiden
Camillo Astalli

Camillo Astalli (21 October 1616 - 21 December 1663) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal of Pope Innocent X who was the Cardinal Priest of San Pietro in Montorio from 1653 to 1662.
References
1616 births
1663 deaths
Hamois

Hamois is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.
In 2007, 6692 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 20 North, 05deg 09 East.
References
Municipalities of Namur
Julia Duffy

Julia Hinds, better known as Julia Duffy (born June 27, 1951 in Saint Paul, Minnesota), is an American actress. She has acted in a number of television situation comedies. She played Penny Davis in the 1970s television soap opera The Doctors. She played Stephanie in the 1980s sitcom Newhart. She played Allison Sugarbaker in season 6 of Designing Women.
Duffy was born near Minneapolis, Minnesota.
References
American television actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from Minneapolis
1951 births
Living people
Cave Springs, Arkansas

Cave Springs is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Limburger cheese

Limburger cheese is a cheese made from cows' milk. Its name comes from the Duchy of Limburg, which is divided between Holland, Belgium and Germany today. Limburger cheese is known for its strong smell, which is caused by the bacterium that lives in its rind. Since about the mid nineteenth century, most Limburger is produced in Germany.
In 2006 a study showing that the malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) is attracted equally to the smell of Limburger and to the smell of human feet earned the Ig Nobel Prize in the area of biology. This Cheese has now been placed in strategic locations in Africa to fight against malaria, which is spread by mosquitoes.
References
Belgian food
Dutch cheeses
Liege (province)
Limburg (Belgium)
Limburg (Netherlands)
Composite material

Composite materials are made from two or more basic material. They are not just placed together. They are merged together. This create a material with useful properties unlike the individual elements.
The composite material as a whole may behave differently from either of its parts. For example, reinforced concrete (made of concrete and steel) has resistance to pressure and to bending forces. Bullet-proof glass (made of glass and plastic) is far more resistant to impact than either glass or plastic on their own.
Concrete itself is a composite material. It is one of the oldest man-made composites, used more than any other man-made material in the world.
Wood is a natural composite of cellulose fibres in a matrix of lignin. The earliest man-made composite materials were straw and mud combined to form bricks for building construction. This ancient brick-making process was documented by Egyptian tomb paintings. It is still used today in some places.
Fibre-reinforced polymers are in wide use today, as is glass-reinforced plastic.
The Biblical book of Exodus tells of the Israelites that were oppressed by Pharaoh and forced to make "bricks without straw".
Related pages
Alloy
Fibre
Polymer
Thermoplastic
Reinforced concrete
References
Other websites
Composite material key concepts
Society of Manufacturing Engineers: Plastics, Composites & Coatings Community
Synthetic materials
Ondřej Pavelec

Ondrej Pavelec (born August 31, 1987, in Kladno, Czechoslovakia) is a former Czech professional ice hockey goaltender that played for the Winnipeg Jets (originally known as the Atlanta Thrashers) of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for the New York Rangers.
Career
Before playing the NHL, Pavelec played 2 seasons with the Cape Breton Screaming Eagles of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). During his time with Cape Breton, Pavelec was able to win the Jacques Plante Memorial Trophy for having the lowest GAA in the league, the Raymond Lagace Trophy for defensive rookie of the year and the RDS Cup for rookie of the year.
He was drafted by the Atlanta Thrashers with the 41st overall pick in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft. He played 7 games with the Thrashers and was sent down to their AHL affiliate team, the Chicago Wolves. During that season with the Wolves, Pavelec helped them win a Calder Cup. He spent 5 seasons between both the Wolves and Thrashers.
On October 8, 2010, during a game against the Washington Capitals, Pavelec collapsed and lost consciousness. He was stretchered off the ice and was taken to the hospital. The doctors said that the cause of the collapse was neurocardiogenic syncope and that he had suffered a concussion when his head hit the ice earlier. He was released from the hospital on October 11, 2010.
References
Other websites
1987 births
American Hockey League players
Atlanta Thrashers players
Cape Breton Screaming Eagles players
Czech ice hockey goaltenders
Living people
New York Rangers players
Winnipeg Jets players
Nordstrom

Nordstrom Inc. () is an American chain of luxury department stores. It is headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It was founded in 1901 by Swedish American John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin. Nordstrom has 377 stores operating in 40 US states and Puerto Rico.
The company began as a shoe retailer and expanded its inventory to include clothing, accessories, handbags, jewelry, cosmetics, and fragrances. Some Nordstrom stores also include wedding and home furnishings departments. The company also has in-house cafes, restaurants and espresso bars.
References
1901 establishments in the United States
American department stores
Companies based in Seattle
Armando Manzanero

Armando Manzanero Canche (7 December 1935 - 28 December 2020) was a Mexican bolero singer-songwriter, composer and pianist. He was born in Merida, Yucatan. His career began in 1950. His record label was RCA Records. His best known singles were: "Somos Novios (It's Impossible)", "Mia" and "Adoro".
In 2014, Manzanero was honored with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
On 17 December 2020, Manzanero was hospitalized in Mexico City after being diagnosed with COVID-19. He died five days later from the infection, aged 85.
References
1935 births
2020 deaths
Grammy Award winners
Mexican singer-songwriters
Mexican musicians
Mexican composers
Pianists
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Lily Tomlin

Mary Jean "Lily" Tomlin (born September 1, 1939) is an American actress, writer and a comedian. She has had a large effect on American comedy since the late 1960s. Her career has involved movies, Broadway stage acts and television. She has won many awards, including an Emmy, a Grammy and a Tony Award. Tomlin was born in Detroit, Michigan. She is openly lesbian and has been with her partner Jane Wagner for over 40 years.
References
Other websites
Official website
Actors from Detroit
American LGBT people
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
American television writers
Comedians from Detroit
Drama Desk Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
Lesbians
LGBT actors
LGBT comedians
LGBT writers
Mark Twain Prize recipients
Tony Award winning actors
Writers from Detroit
1939 births
Living people
Clare County, Michigan

Clare County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,856. The county seat is Harrison.
References
1871 establishments in Michigan
Michigan counties
Rodolfo Aínsa

Rodolfo Ainsa Escartin (17 September 1944 - 26 August 2021) was a Spanish politician and businessman. He was a Senator from 2004 until 2008. He was born in Sabinanigo, Spain. Ainsa was a member of the People's Party. He was the President of Huesca Province from 1995 until 1999.
Ainsa died on 26 August 2021 at his home in Sabinanigo, aged 76.
References
1944 births
2021 deaths
Spanish politicians
Epicenter

The epicentre or epicenter is the point on Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus. It is the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. It is usually the point where the earthquake is felt strongest.
Earth
Johnstown (city), New York

Johnstown is the county seat of Fulton County, New York, United States.
Cities in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
National Congress of Brazil

The National Congress of Brazil is the national parliament of Brazil. It is bicameral.
The two chambers are the Chamber of the deputies (Camaras dos deputados) and the Senate (Senado).
The president of the senate is also the president of the National Congress.
The National Congress was created in 1825.
The chamber of the deputies has 344 deputies elected for a 4-years term and is ruled by a president (presidente).
The senate has 81 senators (3 by state) elected for a 8-years term and is ruled by a president (presidente).
The headquarters of the National Congress are in the plaza of the three powers (praca dos tres poderes).
On 8 January 2023, supporters of former President Jair Bolsonaro stormed and invaded the Praca dos Tres Poderes in Brasilia, taking over the offices of the Supreme Federal Court, National Congress of Brazil and the Palacio do Planalto. The event was seen as an attempted coup d'etat to overturn the election results of the 2022 general election.
References
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Government of Brazil
1825 establishments in South America
19th-century establishments in Brazil
Paterson Clarence Hughes

Paterson Clarence "Pat" Hughes, DFC (19 September 1917 - 7 September 1940) was an Australian fighter ace of World War II. He served with the Royal Air Force (RAF). During the Battle of Britain he shot down 17 enemy aircraft. This was the highest number of aircraft shot down by an Australian during the battle, and the third highest by an Australian during World War II. Hughes was killed in action on 7 September 1940.
Hughes was born in Numeralla, New South Wales. He joined the Royal Australian Air Force in 1936. After graduating as a pilot, he joined the RAF. In July 1937, he joined No. 64 Squadron, which operated Hawker Demon and, later, Bristol Blenheim fighters. Posted to No. 234 Squadron at the start of World War II, Hughes began flying Supermarine Spitfires. He shared in the squadron's first victory on 8 July 1940, when with two other Spitfires, he shot down a German Junkers Ju 88 attacking ships near Lands End. Hughes was known for attacking his targets at extremely close range. He probably died after his Spitfire was struck by parts from a German Dornier Do 17 bomber that he had just shot down near London. Hughes was able to get out of the plane, but his parachute did not open. After his death he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. Hughes was buried in England.
References
Other websites
National Archives of Australia: Personal File
Sutton & Wawne Museum: A brief biography of the Australian fighter pilot killed during the Battle of Britain, and buried in Sutton churchyard in 1940
Battle of Britain Historical Society: Saturday, September 7th 1940
1917 births
1940 deaths
Australian military people
The Black Swan (movie)

The Black Swan is a 1942 American adventure drama movie directed by Henry King and was based on the 1932 novel of the same name by Rafael Sabatini. It stars Tyrone Power, Maureen O'Hara, Helene Costello, Anthony Quinn, George Sanders, George Zucco and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 3 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1943.
Other websites
1942 drama movies
1942 adventure movies
American adventure movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Henry King
20th Century Fox movies
Sonam Chuki

Sonam Chuki is a retired archer from Bhutan. Chuki competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was born on 7 April 1963.
References
Other websites
1963 births
Living people
Bhutanese archers
Bhutanese Olympians