pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kickboxing

Kickboxing is a descriptive term for martial arts that, while similar to boxing, use the feet just like the hands to hit. Kickboxing can be practiced for general health, or as the fight sport. The word kickboxing represents a set of disciplines or sports of combat that use the feet and the fists. Especially, kickboxing is one of the disciplines of Boxe pieds-poings which was developed at first by the Japaneses and afterwards by the North Americans. There are different kinds of kick boxing, most popular form is one where kicks are allowed towards head & torso only.
In the middle of the years 1960, the Japanese Kurosaki, who trained in Kyokushinkai Karate, travelled to Thailand discovering Thai boxing. In his returning to the Japan decided to combine his techniques of karate with that of Thai boxing, removing elbow strikes (the Americans also removed knee strikes), so a new sport called "kickboxing" was born.
Among the non-Japaneses that gained more successes, a special consideration should be given to Frenchman Christian Guillaume who in 1969 gained four victories and two draws; and American Benny "The Jet" Urquidez who in 1977 defeated Tatsuyuki Suzuki in four rounds.
In 1973 Urquidez and Howard Hanson created the W.K.A. (World Karate Association), changing years after the "K" de karate for that of Kick-Boxing.
The more known champions are Rob Kaman, Benny Urquidez, Dennis Alexio, Ernesto Hoost, and Marek Piotrowski.
Rules
The punches and kicks are permitted for above the waist, the sweepings and the low kicks (kicks to the thigh) also are permitted.
The "amateur" combats take place in three rounds, and the professional ones last five rounds; 10 in championships of Europe and 12 in the championships of the world, with a one-minute half-time (break) between rounds.
The kicks to the thigh (low kick) usually decide about the difference in the combats.
Equipment
Pants (long or short), boxing gloves and protectors for the teeth and for the genitals; in the female combats, women should also wear protector of chest and boots (not required in the professional combats).
Other websites
World association of all styles Kickboxing Organizations (W.A.S.K.O.)
The World Kickboxing & Karate Association (W.K.A.)- Prof & Amateur Kickboxing
International Sports Kickboxing Association (I.S.K.A)- Prof & Amateur Kickboxing
International Kickboxing Federation (IKF) - Prof & Amateur Kickboxing
International Kickboaxing Board of Control (IKBC)
World Kickboxing Network (W.K.N.)
World Kickboxing Union (W.K.U.)
World Kickboxing Federation (W.K.F.)
World Federation of Kickboxing (WFK)
World International kickboxing league (I.K.L.)
Professional Kickboxing Association (P.K.A)
Muay Thai Kickboxing (M.T.K)
Kickboxing Guide (Premier)
Vindex

Gaius Iulius Vindex was a Roman governor who is famous for rebelling in 67/68AD against the Emperor Nero.
Vindex was the governor of a province in Gaul (modern-day France). He rebelled against Nero's high taxes. In order to become more powerful, he allied with the governor of Hispania (modern-day Spain), Galba (who would become ruler during the "year of the four emperors").
Vindex was killed in battle by Rufus, the governor of Germania (modern-day Germany), however, when Nero killed himself and Galba became emperor (June 68AD), Galba made coins dedicated to Vindex.
Roman people
68 deaths
Ofanto

The Ofanto () is a river in South Italy that flows through the regions of Campania, Basilicata, and Apulia, and into the Adriatic Sea.
Geography
The Ofanto river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .
Course
The Ofanto river starts in the Apennines mountains, within the Irpinia (a historical region of the southern Apennines around Avellino), at an elevation of about , in the comune of Torella dei Lombardi, Province of Avellino, Campania. From there it runs southeast flowing into Lago di Conza, a man-made reservoir.
The river forms the border between the province of Avellino and the province of Potenza and then turns to the north, forming the border between the province of Foggia and the province of Potenza. It then turns to the northeast and forms the border between the province of Foggia and the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani.
Finallly, the river flows, in the community of Fiumara between Margherita di Savoia and Barletta, into the Adriatic Sea near the Gulf of Manfredonia.
The Ofanto flows through 3 regions, 4 provinces and 33 comuni, all in South Italy:
Campania region
Avellino, 15 comuni: Aquilonia, Bisaccia, Cairano, Calitri, Conza della Campania, Lacedonia, Lioni, Monteverde, Morra De Sanctis, Nusco, Sant'Andrea di Conza, Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi, Teora, Torella dei Lombardi.
Basilicata region
Potenza, 7 comuni: Atella, Melfi, Lavello, Pescopagano, Rapone, Rionero in Vulture, Ruvo del Monte.
Apulia region
Foggia, 4 comuni: Ascoli Satriano, Candela, Cerignola, Rocchetta Sant'Antonio.
Barletta-Andria-Trani, 7 comuni: Barletta, Canosa di Puglia, Margherita di Savoia (foce), Minervino Murge, San Ferdinando di Puglia, Spinazzola, Trinitapoli.
Main tributaries
Most tributaries of the Ofanto river are small streams. Some of them are:
Related pages
List of rivers of Italy
References
Rivers of Italy
Gangkofen

Gangkofen is a municipality in the county ("Landkreis") of Rottal-Inn in Bavaria in Germany.
Geography
The market town (Markt) Gangkofen is in the valley of the river Bina along the federal highway B 388 about 17 km (11 mi) west of Eggenfelden, 26 km (16 mi) south of Dingolfing, 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Landshut, 25 km (16 mi) north of Muhldorf and 32 km (20 mi) west of the county (district) seat, Pfarrkirchen.
Gangkofen is the westernmost municipality of the rural county or district ("Landkreis") named Rottal-Inn, and borders the county of Dingolfing-Landau in the north, the county of Muhldorf in the south and the county of Landshut in the west. Gangkofen is considered part of the historic and geographic Rottal region, because the market town was part of the former county of Eggenfelden (in the Rott valley) and has stronger economic and cultural ties to the east, than in other directions. The western portions of the political municipality - the former rural towns of Dirnaich and Holsbrunn- historically belonged to the county of Vilsbiburg (now part of the county of Landshut), thus the residents of those parts tend to look to be placed in that direction (the west) even today.
The political municipality makes up the market town itself and the following villages: Angerbach, Dirnaich, Engersdorf, Holsbrunn, Kollbach, Malling, Obertrennbach, Panzing, Radlkofen, Reicheneibach und Seemannshausen.
References
Rottal-Inn
Lenzburg, Illinois

Lenzburg is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
List of administrators of Lakshadweep

The Administrator of Lakshadweep is the Head of the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. He is also the Chairman of Lakshadweep Development Corporation (a U.T. Administration public sector undertaking) and SPORTS (Society for Promotion of Recreational Tourism and Sports).
List
References
Bloody Sunday (1905)

Bloody Sunday took place in Russia in 1905. More than 3,000 people marched towards the Winter Palace in hopes of presenting Tsar Nicholas II a petition for reform, however he was not present at the palace. Without the order of the tsar to stop them, the army shot their rifles into the crowd, leaving 96 dead and around 300 wounded.
This event began the 1905 Russian Revolution, which was caused in part by defeat in the Russo-Japanese War. Many thousands died and the Tsar created the State Duma to represent the Russian people. It is considered a cause of the later, larger Russian Revolution.
Later Dmitri Shostakovich composed his 11th Symphony based on this event.
References
Russian Revolution
1905
Saint Petersburg
Massacres in Europe
20th-century protests
Logan Henderson

Logan Phillip Henderson (born September 14, 1989) is an American actor and singer. He played the role of Logan Mitchell on the Nickelodeon series Big Time Rush and is a current member of the Big Time Rush band.
References
1989 births
Living people
American pop singers
American television actors
Actors from Texas
Singers from Texas
Rebecca Petch

Rebecca Petch is a cyclist from New Zealand. Petch competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She was born on 9 July 1998.
References
Other websites
1998 births
Living people
New Zealand cyclists
New Zealand Olympians
Hugh Leslie

Hugh Alan Leslie OBE (17 April 1900 - 2 September 1974) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Country Party. Leslie was in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly (1943-1949) and House of Representatives (1949-1958, 1961-1963). He was a newspaper editor before entering politics.
1900 births
1974 deaths
Australian politicians
Groovin'

Groovin' is a popular song by the band The Rascals.
1967 songs
The Rascals songs
Brian Harradine

Richard William Brian Harradine (9 January 1935 - 14 April 2014) was an Australian politician. He served as an independent member of the Australian Senate, from 1975 to 2005. He represented the state of Tasmania. He was the longest-serving independent federal politician in Australian history and a Father of the Senate.
Harradine died in Tasmania, Australia from a stroke, aged 79.
References
1935 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in Australia
Independent politicians in Australia
Politicians from South Australia
Teeth blackening

Teeth blackening or teeth lacquering is a custom in which a person's teeth are dyed black. It was most common in Southeast Asian and Oceanic cultures. It was most common with Austronesian, Austroasiatic, and Kra-Dai-speaking peoples. It was also done in Japan before the Meiji era and in India. Some groups in the Americas have also followed the custom. For example, it is practiced by the Shuar people of northern Peru and Ecuador.
Teeth blackening is usually done during puberty. It was done to help keep the teeth into old age. This is because it prevents tooth decay in ways similar to modern dental sealants. It was seen as a sign of maturity, beauty and civilization. Teeth blackening is often done with traditions of tooth sharpening and dental evulsion. It was also done with other body modification customs like tattoos. Teeth blackening and filing were seen as strange by early European explorers and colonists.
The practice is still done in some ethnic groups in Southeast Asia and Oceania. It has stopped being done after Western beauty standards were introduced during the colonial era. It is still done by many minority groups in China, Pacific Islands and Southeast Asia. It is seen most often with older women but the practice is still done by some younger women.
Teeth blackening is commonly confused with the red-stained teeth. Betel chewing causes the teeth to be stained red. However, it damages the teeth and gums. Teeth blackening does not cause damage to the teeth.
References
Japanese customs
Dentistry
Day Stars

Day Stars () is a 1966 Soviet drama movie directed by Igor Talankin. It stars Alla Demidova, Andrei Popov, and Konstantin Baranov.
Actors
Alla Demidova as Olga Bergoltts
Andrei Popov as Olga's father
Konstantin Baranov
Tatyana Lennikova
Aleksandra Malysheva
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1966 movies
Soviet drama movies
Hershey Bears

The Hershey Bears are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1938 which makes them the longest-existing team in the AHL. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Washington Capitals of the NHL. They play their home games in Hershey, Pennsylvania at the Giant Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the South Carolina Stingrays. The Bears have won a total of 12 Calder Cups.
Other websites
Hershey Bears Official Site
American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Washington Capitals
1938 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in Pennsylvania
John Maynard Smith

John Maynard Smith, FRS (6 January 1920 - 19 April 2004) was a British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist. Originally an aeronautical engineer during the Second World War, he then took a second degree in genetics under the well-known biologist J.B.S. Haldane. Maynard Smith was instrumental in the application of game theory to evolution and theorized on other problems such as the evolution of sex and signalling theory.
Awards
He won most of the awards available to scientists:
Fellow, Royal Society (1977)
Darwin Medal (1986)
Frink Medal (1990)
Balzan Prize (1991)
Linnean Medal (1995)
Royal Medal (1997)
Crafoord Prize (1999)
Copley Medal (1999)
Kyoto Prize (2001)
Darwin-Wallace Award (2008). This was at the time awarded every 50 years by the Linnean Society of London. Maynard Smith was one of thirteen co-recipients.
Maynard Smith has an Erdos number of four.
Books
Maynard Smith J. 1958. The theory of evolution. London, Penguin Books.
1993 edn
Maynard Smith J. 1968. Mathematical ideas in biology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN
Maynard Smith J. 1972. On evolution. Edinburgh University Press.
Maynard Smith J. 1974. Models in ecology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN
Maynard Smith J. 1978. The evolution of sex. Cambridge University Press.
Maynard Smith J. (ed) 1981. Evolution now. London, Macmillan.
Maynard Smith J. 1982. Evolution and the theory of games. Cambridge University Press.
Maynard Smith J. 1986. The problems of biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Maynard Smith J. 1988. Did Darwin get it right?: essays on games, sex and evolution. London, Chapman & Hall.
Maynard Smith J. 1989. Evolutionary genetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Maynard Smith J. and Szathmary E. 1997. The major transitions in evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
Maynard Smith J. and Szathmary E. 1999. The origins of life: from the birth of life to the origin of language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Maynard Smith J. and Harper D. 2003. Animal signals. Oxford University Press.
References
1920 births
2004 deaths
English biologists
English geneticists
British zoologists
English science writers
Barsebäckshamn

Barsebackshamn is a locality in Kavlinge Municipality in Skane County in Sweden. In 2010, 438 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Skane County
1968–69 Austrian Cup

The 1968-69 Austrian Cup was Austria's nationwide football cup competition. SK Rapid Wien were the defending champions. In the event of a draw, overtime + replay, in the event of a draw in the replay, overtime + drawing of lots.
Round of 32
First round with teams from the first and second league.
Replaymatch:
bye: SC Tulln
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
SK Rapid Wien:
Gerald Fuchsbichler - Walter Gebhardt, Walter Glechner, Erich Fak - Johann Eigenstiller, Ewald Ullmann - Toni Fritsch (46. Sven Lindmann), Jorn Bjerregaard, Leopold Grausam, Rudolf Flogel, Gunter Kaltenbrunner coach: Karl Decker
Wiener Sport-Club:
Wilhelm Kaipel - Helmut Wallner, Johann Schmidradner, Horst Blankenburg (65. Herbert Onger), Ernst Haider - Wolfgang Gayer, Norbert Hof - Alfred Hala, Anton Herzog, Johann Buzek, Johann Hormayer coach: Erich Hof
References
Austrian Cup
1960s in Austria
Sauropelta

Sauropelta was an armoured dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous. It looked a lot like its more advanced relative Ankylosaurus, but didn't have the bony nodes at the end of its tail.
Anatomically, Sauropelta is one of the best-understood nodosaurids, with fossilized remains recovered in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Montana, and possibly Utah. It is also the earliest known genus of nodosaurid; most of its remains date to about 115 to 110 million years ago.
It was a medium-sized nodosaurid, measuring about 5 meters (16.5 ft) long. Sauropelta had a distinctively long tail which made up about half of its body length. Although its body was smaller than a modern black rhinoceros, Sauropelta was about the same mass, weighing in at about 1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb). The extra weight was largely due to its extensive armour, including the large spines projecting from its neck.
As in other ankylosaurs, thick triangular scutes projected above and behind the eyes, as well as below and behind the eyes. More typically for nodosaurids, leaf-shaped teeth lined both upper and lower jaws, used for cutting plant material. The front end of the skull is unknown, but there would have been a keratinous beak.
References
Ankylosauria
Muhammad Mohaiminul Islam

Muhammad Mohaiminul Islam (11 September 1941 - 14 July 2020) was a Bangladeshi military officer. He was chief of staff of Bangladesh Navy from 5 June 1991 to 3 June 1995. He was born in Kolaghat, Bengal.
Islam died from COVID-19 in Dhaka on 16 July 2020, aged 78.
References
Bangladeshi military people
1941 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Windows Product Activation

Windows Product Activation is a service built into all versions of Windows from Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 above to stop people downloading pirated copies. The user has 30 days to activate Windows and after 30 days, the computer will not run properly until it is activated.
Activation Process
When Windows is first installed, there will be a little icon on the screen with a message asking for Windows to be activated.
Then an activation wizard will appear and the user has 2 options on activating Windows. Activation could be done on the Internet, or on the telephone. The quickest way to activate is by the Internet, but if that fails, then the user would need to call Microsoft for the activation ID. The activation ID would be read by the representative and then the user would type in the key on the activation Wizard screen.
Microsoft operating systems
de:Microsoft Windows XP#Produktaktivierung
Duenos inscription

The duenos inscription is a Latin text found on a piece of pottery in Rome. The pottery was dated to the sixth century BC. The text is among the oldest known texts of old Latin. It is difficult to read because the words are not separated by spaces.
Text and translations
Since the pottery, or kernos, was found in 1880, many translations have been proposed. By 1983, more than fifty different explanations of the meaning had been put forward. Due to the lack of a large body of archaic Latin, and the method by which Romans abbreviated their inscriptions, scholars have not been able to produce a singular translation that has been accepted by historians as accurate. However thanks to Arthur E. Gordon's work the reading of the text can be now considered certain.
Below is the transcription and one of many possible interpretations:
a. The direct unicase transcription
b. Direct transcription, in lowercase, with possible macrons and word breaks
c. A speculative interpretation and translation into Classical Latin
d. An English gloss (approximate translation/interpretation) of the Classical Latin rendering
Line 1:
a. IOVESATDEIVOSQOIMEDMITATNEITEDENDOCOSMISVIRCOSIED
b. iouesat deivos qoi med mitat, nei ted endo cosmis virco sied
c. Iurat deos qui me mittit, ni in te [= erga te] comis virgo sit
d. 'The person who sends me prays to the gods, lest the girl be not kind towards thee'
Line 2:
a. ASTEDNOISIOPETOITESIAIPAKARIVOIS
b. as(t) ted noisi o(p)petoit esiai paka riuois
c. at te [... uncertain ...] paca rivis
d. 'without thee [...] calm with [these] rivers'
Line 3:
a. DVENOSMEDFECEDENMANOMEINOMDVENOINEMEDMALOSTATOD
b. duenos med feced en manom einom duenoi ne med malo(s) statod
c. Bonus me fecit in manum einom bono, ne me malus [tollito, clepito]
d. 'A good man made me in his own[?] hands for a good man, in case an evil man take me.'
An interpretation set out by Warmington and Eichner, renders the complete translation as follows, though not with certainty:
It is sworn with the gods, whence I'm issued:If a maiden does not smile at you,
nor is strongly attracted to you,then soothe her with this fragrance!
Someone good has filled me for someone good and well-mannered,and not shall I be obtained by someone bad.
References
Latin language
Fanny Lu

Fanny Lucia Martinez de Leeu (born February 8, 1973), more commonly known as Fanny Lu, is a singer from Cali, Colombia. Fanny Lu completed her studies in Colegio Bolivar and then went on later to study at Universidad de los Andes. In 1994, she became a television presenter. Afterward, she went into the music industry.
Fanny's debut album "Lagrimas Calidas" (Warm Tears) was released in 2006. The album was an instant hit in Latin America. It was very popular in Colombia, where it spent five weeks at #1. The lead single "No Te Pido Flores" (I'm Not Asking for Flowers) also spent 7 weeks at #1 on the Hot 100 Billboard Charts in Latin America, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, and Mexico, and has received a numerous amount of airplay in Latin radio in the US. The song has also peaked at #16 on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs. The second single from her debut album is the song called "Y Si Te Digo"(And If I Tell You) and it peaked at #1 on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs.
Singles
Filmography
Fanny Lu did the Spanish translated voice for Beth, a character in the Sony Pictures animated film "Open Season" or "Amigos Salvajes", which is the Spanish title.
Other websites
Official Site
Official Myspace
Colombian singer-songwriters
1973 births
Living people
Latin singers
Colombian television actors
People from Cali
Khaleda Zia

Begum Khaleda Zia (; born 1945) is a former Prime Minister of Bangladesh. She was Prime Minister from 1991 to 1996, and also from 2001 to 2006. She was the first woman Prime Minister in Bangladesh. Zia is the widow of assassinated President of Bangladesh Ziaur Rehman. She leads his old political party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).
1945 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Bangladesh
Bangladeshi Muslims
Võ Văn Kiệt

Vo Van Kiet (23 November 1922 - 11 June 2008) was a Vietnamese politician who was Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 8 August 1991 until 25 September 1997. He has been praised by the media as having promoted the process of Doi moi and policy reform in Vietnam since 1986. He was the master engineer of many of the bold projects of the Doi moi period.
References
Prime Ministers of Vietnam
1922 births
2008 deaths
Displacement current

In electromagnetism, displacement current density is the quantity D/t appearing in Maxwell's equations that is defined in terms of the rate of change of D, the electric displacement field.
Electromagnetism
Ahaseurus

Ahaseurus was a King of Persia from the Book of Esther. He is normally identified with Xerxes I in modern translations but it is actually debated which king he was with older traditions saying that he was Artaxerxes I.
Role in the Book of Esther
Ahaseurus asks for his wife Queen Vashti to come to his feast with her crown on but she refuses so Ahaseurus's advisor Memuchan tells him to make a law that every man is his wifes master and that he get rid of Vashti. Ahaseurus does but he wants to get a new wife and ends up marrying Esther who chooses not to tell him that she is Jewish because Mordechai told her it would be dangerout if anyone knew. Esther then warned Ahaseurus that his servants Bigtan and Teresh were trying to poison him so Ahaseurus had them executed. Esther told Ahaseurus that Mordechai was the one who told her about the plan. Ahaseurus made Haman his advisor and gave him the power to make his own laws as if he were the king. When Esther came to Ahaseurus without an invitation, a crime punishable by death, Ahaseurus let her and gave her the feast she asked for with Haman there too. Then Ahaseurus remembered that he did nothing to reward Mordechai for saving him so he had Haman take him on a horse across the city saying "this shall be done for the man whom the king wishes to honour". At the second feast, Esther told Ahaseurus that she was a Jew and that Haman wanted to kill her and her people. While Ahaseurus's servant Charbonnah told Ahaseurus that Haman was planning to kill Mordechai. So Ahaseurus had Haman hanged on the gallows Haman had built to kill Mordechai and gave Mordechai Haman's job. Moredechai and Esther asked Ahaseurus to cancel the law Haman had made and Ahaseurus told them that he couldn't so he instead gave Mordechai the same power he had given Haman so Mordechai could give the Jews the right of self-defence so that they could use violence to fight back against and kill their enemies on the day Haman had chosen for the Jews to die. So after the Jews won, the Jews started to celebrate their victory with a holiday called Purim.
Old Testament people
Sodium bisulfate

Sodium bisulfate, also known as sodium hydrogen sulfate, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NaHSO4. It is made of sodium and bisulfate ions. It is a white crystalline solid. It is an acid, though not as strong as sulfuric acid. It can be made by reacting smaller amounts of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. If too much sodium hydroxide is used, sodium sulfate is made instead. It is also made by reacting sodium chloride and sulfuric acid when heated. This reaction also makes hydrogen chloride. It is used to lower pH (made things more acidic).
Related pages
Sulfite
Sodium sulfite
Sulfate
Sodium compounds
Sulfur compounds
Netherlands (European Parliament constituency)

The Netherlands () is a European Parliament constituency representing the entire country of the Netherlands. Since 2009, it has also included the Dutch Caribbean territories. It was created in 1979.
Election results
References
European Parliament constituencies
Jahbulon

Jahbulon (or Jabulon) is a word, or a confection of three syllables, that was used in the past in some rituals of certain parts of Masonry. It is also said to be used in Ordo Templi Orientis rituals.
The origin and meaning of this word are not completely known. Different groups think the word means different things. Even Masonic researchers do not all agree to what the word means or where it came from. One Masonic scholar says that the word was first used in an early 18th century Royal Arch ritual. He said it was the name of an explorer looking for King Solomon's Temple. Another Masonic scholar thinks it is a name for God in Hebrew. The most used Masonic explanation is that it is a word that comes from putting together parts of the name of God in different historic languages.
Writers who are not Masons, especially those against Masonry, have said that it is a Masonic name for God. Some say it is the name of a unique "Masonic God". Freemasonry's officials have said many times that "There is no separate Masonic God". They have also said that there is no separate proper name for a deity in any branch of Freemasonry. This meaning of the word has caused many religious groups to argue about and condemn Freemasonry. In England, no ritual with the name has been in official Masonic use since February 1989. Stephen Knights, author of The Brotherhood:The Secret World of the Freemasons, says it is a trinity composed of three ancient Middle Eastern Gods, Jah, God of the Jews, Baal, God of the Phoenicians, and On, an Egyptian God.
After persistent strong criticism in the popular press, the Supreme Grand Chapter of England excised the word from its Royal Arch ritual in 1989, and replaced it with a choice between two forms of the tetragrammaton.
References
Freemasonry
IAI Kfir

The Israel Aircraft Industries Kfir or IAI Kfir is an Israeli fighter-bomber aircraft. It is based on the French Mirage 5 but with an american turbojet and avionics. It is a single or dual seat.
Users
When Israel stopped using Kfir in 1996, the aircraft was sold to foreign countries. Colombia, Ecuador, and Sri Lanka bought some of them. Between 1985 and 1989, the U.S. Navy rented twenty five single-seat Kfir, as F-21A. American Kfir were used for dissimilar air combat training, for simulation of Soviet fighter aircraft like MiG-23 Flogger.
Sri Lanka used the Kfir against the Tamils Tigers rebellion.
Bibliography
Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 . London : Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et helicopteres militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Lariviere editions, 1999. .
Kaminsky, Tom, The United States Military Aviation Directory, London : Airtime Publishing, 2000. .
References
Military aircraft
Israel Defense Forces
List of Pixar movies

Pixar computer animated movies released by Disney
References
Pixar
Lists of movies
El Santo de la Espada

El Santo de la Espada (in English, The Saint of the Sword) is a 1970 Argentine biographical movie directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson and was based on the novel by Ricardo Rojas. It stars Alfredo Alcon, Evangelina Salazar, Lautaro Murua, Ana Maria Picchio, Hector Alterio, Hector Pellegrini, Alfredo Iglesias, Hugo Arana.
Other websites
1970 movies
1970s biographical movies
Argentine biographical movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson
Visaginas

Visaginas is a city in Lithuania. It is found on the very northeast of the country. Most people who live here are Russians and speak the Russian language. It is the newest city in Lithuania, because it was built to serve the nearby Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant.
References
Cities in Lithuania
Laura Rojas Hernández

Laura Angelica Rojas Hernandez (born 26 December 1975) is a Mexican politician. She is a member of the PAN. She is also de President of the Chamber of Deputies. She was a Senator from 2012 to 2018.
During her ternure as Senator, she was the Chairwoman of the Foreign Affairs Comittee.
Laura Rojas was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies on September 5, 2019.
References
1975 births
Living people
Politicians from Mexico City
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Wilberfoss

Wilberfoss is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is on the north side of the A1079 about east of York city centre. It is northwest of Market Weighton. According to the 2011 census, 1,866 people live in Wilberfoss parish. That is 11 more than were living there ten years earlier.
References
Villages in England
Civil parishes in England
Settlements in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Quinta da Boa Vista

The Quinta da Boa Vista () is a public park in the Sao Cristovao neighbourhood of the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
Rio de Janeiro
BirdLife International

BirdLife International is a global partnership of non-governmental organizations. It works to protect birds and their habitats. BirdLife International wants to stop extinction of bird species. It wants to protect important places for birds.
2.5 million people are members of its 116 country partner organizations.
BirdLife International has identified 13,000 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas. It is the official International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List authority for birds.
BirdLife International publishes a quarterly magazine, BirdLife: The Magazine.
References
Other websites
International environmental organizations
Conservation
Mo Collins (American football)

Damon Jamal Collins (September 22, 1976 - October 26, 2014), nicknamed Mo Collins, was an American college and professional football player. He was an offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons during the 1990s and early 2000s.
Collins played college football for the University of Florida, and was a member of a national championship team. The Oakland Raiders selected him in the first round of the 1998 NFL Draft, and he played his entire professional career for the Raiders.
Collins died of kidney failure in Charlotte, North Carolina, aged 38.
References
1976 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in North Carolina
Oakland Raiders players
Sportspeople from Charlotte, North Carolina
Taruga eques

The spurred tree frog, saddled tree frog, Gunther's whipping frog, or the montane hourglass tree frog (Taruga eques) is a frog. It lives in Sri Lanka. People have seen it between 1202 and 2135 m above sea level.
References
Frogs of Asia
Sonia Darrin

Sonia Darrin (nee Paskowitz; June 16, 1924 - July 19, 2020) was an American movie actress. She was best known for her role in The Big Sleep and in Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man. Her brother was surfer Doc Paskowitz.
Darrin died on July 19, 2020 at a hospital in New York City, aged 96.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2020 deaths
American movie actors
Actors from Texas
People from Galveston, Texas
Villa di Tirano

Villa di Tirano is a comune in the Province of Sondrio in the Lombardy region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
University of Fribourg

The University of Fribourg (; ) is a university in Fribourg, Switzerland.
Other websites
Official website
Fribourg
Stone (unit)

The stone is a unit for measuring mass in the Imperial system. It is equal to fourteen pounds. 160 stone make up a long ton. In the metric system, 1 stone = 6.35029318 kilograms.
The short way of writing stones is st.
Mass
Usage
The stone was outlawed in Ireland and the United Kingdom, in 1983 and 1985 respectively. However stones and pounds are both commonly used in non-official cases, most commonly when stating the weight of a person. Often in American-British boxing matches, the contenders weight is stated in pounds then stones and pounds. The same in horse racing.
Imperial units
Units of mass
Ezekiel

Ezekiel (in Hebrew: yHezkeAl) was a prophet in the Old Testament of the Bible (also known as the Hebrew Bible). He is known for having a vision of God along with 4 creatures (supposedly angels).
External links
Book of Ezekiel on BibleGateway
Old Testament prophets
Grellingen

Grellingen is a municipality of the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
INUS condition

INUS condition stands for an insufficient, but necessary part of an unnecessary but sufficient condition. John Mackie introduced the term in the 1960s.
Mackie uses the example of a house burning: There was an electric short circuit that caused the fire. There was flammable material nearby, which started to burn after the short circuit happened. He then tries to explain the statement: "The short circuit caused the fire", according to the INUS condition:
The short circuit is not a sufficient part of the condition "short circuit and flammable material".
The short circuit is a necessary part.
The condition "short circuit and flammable material" is not necessary for the result (house burning). It can be replaced by other conditions (for example "lightning and flammable material", or "arson") to get the same result.
"short circuit and flammable material" is a sufficient condition, as it will always result in the house burning.
INUS conditions need prior experience: Only after you have seen a house burning after a short-circuit putting flammable material on fire several times can you deduce that it is indeed sufficient.
Related pages
Necessary and sufficient condition
References
John Leslie Mackie: Causes and Conditions. ''American Philosophical Quarterly''. 1965, 2(4). pp. 245-264. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20009173.
John Leslie Mackie: ''The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation''. London 1974: Oxford University Press. especially chapter 3: Causal Regularities, pp. 59-87.
Logic
Brainstorming

To brainstorm is to think about and try to come up with ideas or solutions to a problem, either on your own or in a group.
Thought
Wallace Beery

Wallace Fitzgerald Beery (April 1, 1885 - April 15, 1949) was an American actor. He is best known for his roles of Bill in Min and Bill (1930), as Long John Silver in Treasure Island (1934), as Pancho Villa in Viva Villa! (1934), and as Andy Purcell in The Champ (1931), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor.
Notes
Academy Award winning actors
1885 births
1949 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American silent movie actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Missouri
K-Run's Park Me In First

Ch. K-Run's Park Me In First, also known as Uno (May 5, 2005 - September 20, 2018) was a beagle. He was born in Belleville, Illinois. Uno won Best in Show in the 2008 Westminster Kennel Club dog show. He was the first beagle to claim the top prize at Westminster and the first beagle to win the hound group since 1939.
Uno and his owner were invited to the White House to meet President George W. Bush. While there, he was given a collar by First Lady Laura Bush. Uno was the first Westminster champion to be invited to celebrate victory with the President.
Uno died of cancer on September 20, 2018 in Austin, Texas at the age of 13.
References
2005 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Texas
Individual dogs
Jan Kociniak

Jan Kociniak (8 November 1937 - 20 April 2007) was a Polish actor and comedian. He was also a well known for his performances in feature and TV movies, as well as dubbing roles (such as Winnie the Pooh in the Polish-language version). He starred in the comedy series Czterdziestolatek (1974-1977).
Other websites
1937 births
2007 deaths
Cancer deaths in Poland
Polish movie actors
Polish stage actors
Polish television actors
Polish voice actors
Polish comedians
Andy Bathgate

Andrew James Bathgate (August 28, 1932 - February 26, 2016) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played as a right wing. He played 17 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings and Pittsburgh Penguins.
Bathgate died on February 26, 2016 in his home in Mississauga, Ontario. He died from complications of Alzheimer's disease. He was aged 83. He also had Parkinson's disease.
References
Other websites
Anderson, Dave. "Two Rangers Sweaters Will Rise Where a Cup Banner Didn't," The New York Times, Sunday, February 22, 2009.
1932 births
2016 deaths
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Detroit Red Wings players
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Memorial Cup winners
New York Rangers players
People with Parkinson's disease
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
World Hockey Association players
Arctic rabies virus

Arctic rabies virus is a strain of Rabies lyssavirus that circulates throughout the arctic regions of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Russia. There have been no cases in Sweden or in the mainland of Norway in over 100 years. The virus is, however, found on Svalbard. No cases have been reported from Finland since 1989. The Arctic fox is the main host.
Arctic rabies virus belongs to the family Rhabdoviridae and the genus Lyssavirus. Arctic rabies virus represents one of four genotypes of rabies, all of which have been shown to adapt to different hosts which include fruit- and insect-eating bats and the Arctic fox.
Viruses
Jay Adams

Jay Adams (February 3, 1961 - August 14, 2014) was an American skateboarder. He became known as one of the original members of Z-Boys skateboarding team. He was known as "The Original Seed" of the sport. He was thought to be one of the most influential skateboarders of all time.
Adams died from a massive heart attack in Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, Mexico, aged 53.
References
Other websites
DOGTOWN-The Legend of the Z-Boys, C.R. Stecyk III & Glen E. Friedman, Burning Flags Press, 2000,
JAY-BOY - Classic photographs by Jay Adams stepfather, Kent Sherwood, Concrete Wave Editions, 2006, *
Scarred for Life - Eleven Stories About Skateboarders by Keith Hamm, Chronicle Books, 2004,
1961 births
2014 deaths
American skateboarders
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Vicques, Calvados

Vicques, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Golan Heights

The Golan Heights is a plateau and a disputed land between Syria and Israel, which captured the area in the Six Day War of 1967. The United Nations has voted to ask Israel to pull its troops out of the Golan Heights. Syria and Israel still have not signed a peace treaty from that war, mostly because of the issue of the Golan. They almost reached a peace deal but they could not agree on where to draw the line, and what Syria would have to do in return. The Golan Heights and Mount Hermon was annexed by Israel in 1981. On the western edge of the Golan Heights is a range of dormant and extinct volcanos.
In January 2013, the Israeli government said it planned to build a wall along the eastern edges of the Golan Heights, on its ceasefire line with Syria.
Maps
References
Notes
Other websites
Israeli community portal
The Syrian Golan - Permanent Mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations
Gaulonitis in the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906)
What is the dispute over the Golan Heights?
A View From Damascus: Internal Refugees From Golan's 244 Destroyed Syrian Villages from Washington Report
Rambo: First Blood Part II

Rambo: First Blood Part II is a 1985 American action movie directed by George P. Cosmatos and is the second movie in the Rambo franchise. It stars Sylvester Stallone, Richard Crenna, Charles Napier, Steven Berkoff, Julia Nickson, Martin Kove, George Cheung and was nominated for 1 Academy Award in 1986. The movie won 4 Razzie Awards and was nominated for 3 Razzie Awards in 1986.
Other websites
1985 action movies
1980s sequel movies
Rambo movies
American sequel movies
Mexican action movies
Guerrilla warfare movies
Jungle movies
Movies set in Asia
Movies directed by George P. Cosmatos
Madylin Sweeten

Madylin Sweeten (June 27, 1991, Brownwood, Texas) is an American actress who performs on television. She played Ally Barone in the 1996-2005 television series Everybody Loves Raymond.
American television actors
Actors from Texas
1991 births
Living people
Villorsonnens

Villorsonnens is a municipality of the district Glane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. The municipality was created in 2001 when the municipalities of Chavannes-sous-Orsonnens, Orsonnens, Villargiroud and Villarsiviriaux joined together and became one new municipality.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Fribourg
3D/Biela

Biela's Comet or Comet Biela (official designation: 3D/Biela) was a periodic comet first recorded in 1772 by Montaigne and Messier and finally identified as periodic in 1826 by Wilhelm von Biela. It was seen to split in two and has not been seen since 1852. It is thought to have been destroyed, although remnants appeared to have survived for some time as a meteor shower, the Andromedids.
Comets
Cercopithecinae

The Cercopithecinae are an important subfamily of Old World monkeys. There are 12 genera and about 71 species. the baboons, the macaques and the vervet monkeys.
Most of then live in sub-Saharan Africa, but the macaques range from the far eastern parts of Asia through northern Africa, and Gibraltar.
Characteristics
The various species are adapted to the different terrains they inhabit. Tree-dwelling (arboreal) species are slim, delicate and have a long tail. Ground-dwelling species are heavier, and their tail may be small or nonexistent. All species have well-developed thumbs.
Like many Old World monkeys, they have pads on their bottoms. These are called ischial callosities. They let the monkeys sleep sitting upright on thin branches, beyond reach of predators, without falling off. In some species, these pads change their colour during the mating period.
These monkeys are active in the daytime, and live together in social groups. They live in all types of terrain and climate, from cool mountains to rain forests, savannah, bald rocky areas or even snowy mountains, as does the Japanese macaque.
Most species are omnivorous, with diets ranging from fruits, leaves, seeds, buds, and mushrooms to insects and spiders to smaller vertebrates. All species have cheek pouches in which they can store food.
Gestation lasts approximately six to seven months. Young are weaned after three to 12 months and are fully mature within three to five years. The life expectancy of some species can be as long as 50 years.
Related pages
Macaca
Papio
Mandrillus
References
Old World monkeys
Jamaal Williams

Jamaal Malik Williams (born April 3, 1995) is an American football running back for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at BYU and was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fourth round of the 2017 NFL Draft.
References
Other websites
Detroit Lions bio
BYU Cougars bio
1995 births
Living people
American football running backs
Detroit Lions players
Green Bay Packers players
Chien Hsin University

Chien Hsin University (UCH; traditional Chinese:Jian Xing Ke Ji Da Xue ;simplified Chinese:Jian Xing Ke Ji Da Xue ) is a university in Jhongli City, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. CYU is also known as Chien Hsin Tech (Jian Xing Ke Da ).
Chien Hsin University opened in 1933 and now about 10,000 students go there. The university is noted for teaching and research in the science and engineering, especially energy engineering.
Other websites
Chien Hsin University
Colleges and universities in Taiwan
1933 establishments
20th-century establishments in Taiwan
Gerrymandering

Gerrymandering is when a political group tries to change a voting district to create a result that helps them or hurts the group who is against them. It is named after Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814).
Example
If we have Group A and Group B both trying to win in a district. Group A has 40 votes and Group B has 50. In another district Group A knows Group B will win for sure. Group A changes the voting district so that 11 votes are moved to the other district. Now they will win 40 votes to 39.
Voting systems
Martha

Martha [ mahr-thuh ] is a female given name. Martha is an ancient name with a fascinating background and significance. Its origins can be traced back to the Aramaic language, where it is derived from the word "marta," which means "lady" or "mistress." In the Bible, Martha is recognized as the sister of Lazarus and Mary, and she is celebrated for her hospitality and dedication to serving Jesus. The name has been around through many centuries. Martha of Bethany is a very notable person who has the name. She is described in the Gospel of John and the Gospel of Luke. There are other people with this female name, including Martha Stewart, Martha McSally and Martha Coakley. The name was used for an Atlantic hurricane in 1969. This name was ranked #728 on the US Popular Names in 2021.
People
Martha Stewart, American businesswoman, writer, television personality, and former fashion model
Martha MacIsaac, Canadian actress
Martha Washington, inaugural First Lady of the United States (1789-1797)
References
Given names
Pascal Cygan

Pascal Cygan (born 29 April 1974) is a French football player. He plays for Cartagena.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="7"|Lille||rowspan="2"|Division 1||27||0
|-
|1996/97||14||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Division 2||26||3
|-
|1998/99||21||1
|-
|1999/00||33||2
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Division 1||29||2
|-
|2001/02||29||1
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Arsenal||rowspan="4"|Premier League||18||1
|-
|2003/04||18||0
|-
|2004/05||15||0
|-
|2005/06||12||2
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Villarreal||rowspan="3"|La Liga||21||1
|-
|2007/08||21||1
|-
|2008/09||4||0
|-
|2009/10||Cartagena||Segunda Division||||
179||9
63||3
46||2
1974 births
Living people
French footballers
Lohn, Schaffhausen

Lohn is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Schaffhausen
2022 Swedish general election

General elections were held in Sweden on 11 September 2022 to elect the 349 members of the Riksdag who in turn would elect the Prime Minister of Sweden. The early results shown on 15 September 2022 showed the government parties lost their majority, which were confirmed by the final results published on 17 September 2022. This caused Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson to announce her resignation.
On 17 October 2022, Moderate Party (M) leader Ulf Kristersson was elected prime minister with 176 to 173 votes in the Riksdag.
References
September 2022 events
2022 elections
2022 in Europe
21st century in Sweden