pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Principality of Arbër

The Principality of Arber, also known as Arbanon or Arberia, was the first Albanian state. It existed during the Middle Ages. It was formed around 1190. The Principality ended in 1255.
References
History of Albania
1190 establishments
1255 disestablishments
1190s establishments in Europe
12th-century disestablishments in Europe
Former countries in the Balkans
Saint-Morillon

Saint-Morillon is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
References
Communes in Gironde
Candida Royalle

Candida Royalle (October 15, 1950 - September 7, 2015) was an American pornographic actress, director and producer. In 1984, Royalle founded Femme Productions. Royalle was a member of American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors and Therapists. She was born in New York City.
Royalle died on September 7, 2015 of ovarian cancer in Mattituck, New York, aged 64.
References
Other websites
Candida Royalle's Website
1950 births
2015 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie directors
American pornographic actors
American sex industry businesspeople
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Pornographic movie directors
Pornographic movie producers
George Graham (clockmaker)

George Graham (1673 in Cumberland, England - November 16, 1751, London) was an English watchmaker and inventor. .He was a member of the British Royal Society. He was a close friend of the well known clockmaker Thomas Tompion. Graham invented many improvements to the pendulum clock. He invented the mercury compensating pendulum.
References
1673 births
1751 deaths
English inventors
People from Cumbria
Aunat

Aunat is a commune of 67 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Coșoveni

Cosoveni is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania.
References
Communes in Dolj County
Tony's Cronies

Tony's Cronies was a name in British politics and media given to people who were viewed by them as being given places of power because they were friends with Prime Minister, Tony Blair during his premiership between 1997 and 2005.
Sources
British people
Politics of the United Kingdom
Recess: School's Out

Recess: School's Out is a 2001 animated movie. It is based on the Disney television series Recess. It was released to theaters in the United States on February 16, 2001. It was released on video and DVD on August 7, 2001.
References
Other websites
2001 movies
2001 animated movies
American animated movies
Disney animated movies
Movies based on TV series
The Prince and the Pauper (1920 movie)

The Prince and the Pauper (German: Prinz und Bettelknabe) is a 1920 Austrian adventure movie directed by Alexander Korda and based on the 1881 novel of the same name by Mark Twain. It stars Tibor Lubinszky, Franz Herterich, Albert Schreiber, Adolf Weisse and was distributed by UFA.
Other websites
1920 adventure movies
Austrian adventure movies
Austrian silent movies
Movies directed by Alexander Korda
Movies based on books
Leerdam

Leerdam is a city in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. It has about 21,000 inhabitants (2016). Since 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Vijfheerenlanden. Until 2019, Leerdam was a municipality in the province of South Holland.
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Utrecht (province)
Former municipalities of South Holland
Vijfheerenlanden
Vespolate

Vespolate is a comune in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Mayres, Ardèche

Mayres is a commune in the Ardeche department in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Gabon national football team

Gabon national football team is the national football team of Gabon.
The team has never qualified for a World Cup. Gabon has participated in 7 Africa Cup of Nations tournaments (1994, 1996, 2000, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017).
The team's home stadium is the Stade Omar Bongo in Libreville. The stadium can fit 41,000 people.
Recent matches
Source:
Records
Top scorers
Most appearances
References
Other websites
Homepage of the national team
Gabon at FIFA.com
African national football teams
Football in Gabon
National sports teams of Gabon
Lussagnet-Lusson

Lussagnet-Lusson is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Lussagnet-Lusson
Bluejacket, Oklahoma

Bluejacket is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Lake McDonald

Lake McDonald is the largest lake in Glacier National Park. It is in Flathead County, Montana.
Geography of Montana
Lakes of the United States
Asian Championship

An Asian Championship is a top level international sports competition between Asian athletes or sports teams representing their respective countries or professional sports clubs.
Related pages
Asian Games, a multi-sport event between competitors from all nations in Asia
Championship
World championship
European Championship
Sport in Asia
Sports competitions
Black Power

Black Power is a political slogan and a name for many ideologies that are pro-African-American identity. It is used mainly in the United States. The Black Power movement was created in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
References
American civil rights
Harrietstown, New York

Harrietstown is a town in Franklin County, New York.
Towns in New York (state)
A Dangerous Path (Warriors)

A Dangerous Path is the fifth book in the Warriors series by Erin Hunter. It focuses on a cat named Fireheart, who is a member of a group of cats called ThunderClan.
Plot
Fireheart to struggle to care for ThunderClan, one of the five warrior Clans in the forest. Tigerstar, leader of ShadowClan tries to destroy ThunderClan. ThunderClan's leader, Bluestar, is no help at all, because she has gone insane from Tigerstar's previous betrayal. Tigerstar plans to use a pack of dogs to kill ThunderClan. He kills rabbits in ThunderClan territory, and leaves a trail from some rocks to the ThunderClan camp, with the body of a cat named Brindleface at the end, in order to lure the dogs to kill the warriors of ThunderClan. Once Fireheart discovers this, he takes ThunderClan to hide. A line of fast warriors lead the dogs to their deaths in a gorge (a hole that goes very far down, with water at the bottom). Fireheart is the last in line, and has a good run until Tigerstar leaps out of a bush and holds Fireheart down, letting the dogs catch Fireheart. Fireheart is trapped by the lead dog, but is rescued by Bluestar. She runs into the lead dog, who releases Fireheart, and the two fall down into the gorge. Fireheart saves Bluestar from the gorge and brings her to the shore, where she dies. Fireheart is filled with sadness for his dead leader, and he is scared because he must become the new leader of ThunderClan.
References
Warriors books
Let's Go All the Way (song)

"Let's Go All the Way" is a 1986 dance-pop/new wave song by the American pop band Sly Fox. It is the first single from their only album Let's Go All the Way, which was released in 1985. The song was produced by Ted Currier and written by Gary "Mudbone" Cooper.
The song was used in the movie Ferris Bueller's Day Off and Loverboy and was also covered in 1999 by The Wondergirls and again in 2000 by the horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse.
Insane Clown Posse songs
1986 songs
Harold Evans

Sir Harold Matthew Evans (28 June 1928 - 23 September 2020) was a British-American journalist and writer. He was editor of The Sunday Times from 1967 to 1981.
He also worked for U.S. News & World Report, The Atlantic Monthly, and the New York Daily News. In 1986, he founded Conde Nast Traveler.
Evans was honored as a Knight Bachelor in 2004.
On 13 June 2011, Evans was appointed editor-at-large of the Reuters news agency. From 2013 until 2019, he was chairman of the European Press Prize jury panel.
Evans died in New York City on 23 September 2020 from heart failure, aged 92.
References
1928 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Naturalized citizens of the United States
British journalists
Journalists from New York City
Saint-Ulrich

Saint-Ulrich () is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Related pages
Communes of the Haut-Rhin department
References
INSEE commune file
Other websites
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Murray County, Oklahoma

Murray County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 12,623 people lived there. Its county seat is Sulphur.
Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Sawtooth Mountains (Minnesota)

The Sawtooth Mountains are low ridges on the North Shore of Lake Superior in the U.S. state of Minnesota. They extend about 30 miles (50 km) from Carlton Peak near Tofte on the west, to Grand Marais on the east.
References
Geography of Minnesota
Mountain ranges of the United States
Arnold Fitz Thedmar

Arnold Fitz Thedmar was a chronicler and merchant from London. He was born on August 9, 1201 and died on February 10, 1275.
References
Other websites
1201 births
1274 deaths
Three Men and a Cradle

Three Men and a Cradle () is a 1985 French comedy movie by Coline Serreau. The movie was remade in Hollywood as Three Men and a Baby in 1987.
It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1986.
Cast
Roland Giraud as Pierre
Michel Boujenah as Michel
Andre Dussollier as Jacques
Philippine Leroy-Beaulieu as Sylvia
Dominique Lavanant as Madame Rapons
Marthe Villalonga as Antoinette
Annick Alane as The Pharmacist
References
Other websites
1985 comedy movies
French comedy movies
Movies directed by Coline Serreau
Coefficient of thermal expansion

Solids mostly expand in response to heating and contract on cooling. This response to temperature change is expressed as its coefficient of thermal expansion.
The coefficient of thermal expansion is used:
in linear thermal expansion
in area thermal expansion
in volumetric thermal expansion
These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be measured for all substances of condensed matter (liquids and solid state). The linear thermal expansion can only be measured in the solid state and is common in engineering applications.
Thermal expansion coefficients for some common materials
The expansion and contraction of material must be considered when designing large structures, when using tape or chain to measure distances for land surveys, when designing molds for casting hot material, and in other engineering applications when large changes in dimension due to temperature are expected. The range for a is from 10-7 for hard solids to 10-3 for organic liquids. a varies with the temperature and some materials have a very high variation. Some values for common materials, given in parts per million per Celsius degree: (NOTE: This can also be in kelvins as the changes in temperature are a 1:1 ratio)
Applications
For applications using the thermal expansion property, see bi-metal and mercury thermometer
Thermal expansion is also used in mechanical applications to fit parts over one another, e.g. a bushing can be fitted over a shaft by making its inner diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the shaft, then heating it until it fits over the shaft, and allowing it to cool after it has been pushed over the shaft, thus achieving a 'shrink fit'
There exist some alloys with a very small CTE, used in applications that demand very small changes in physical dimension over a range of temperatures. One of these is Invar 36, with a coefficient in the 0.6x10-6 range. These alloys are useful in aerospace applications where wide temperature swings may occur.
Other websites
MatWeb: Free database of engineering properties for over 64,000 materials
Clemson University Physics Lab: Linear Thermal Expansion
USA NIST Website - Temperature and Dimensional Measurement workshop
Hyperphysics: Thermal expansion
References
Heat
Physical quantity
Colleges and universities in Hawaii

This is a list of colleges and universities in Hawaii.
Public institutions
Two-year institutions
Hawaii Community College, Hilo
Honolulu Community College, Honolulu
Kapiolani Community College, Honolulu
Kauai Community College, Lihu'e
Leeward Community College, Pearl City
Windward Community College, Kane'ohe
Four-year institutions
University of Hawaii at Hilo, doctoral university in Hilo
University of Hawaii at Manoa, doctoral university in Honolulu
University of Hawaii-West Oahu, baccalaureate university in Kapolei
University of Hawaii Maui College, baccalaureate university in Kahului
Private, non-profit institutions
Brigham Young University Hawaii, baccalaureate university, in , affiliated with the LDS Church
Chaminade University of Honolulu, master's university in Honolulu, affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church in Honolulu
Hawaii Pacific University, master's university in Honolulu
Hawaii Tokai International College, associate's college in Kapolei
Remington College, Honolulu
For-profit institutions
Argosy University, Honolulu
Hawaii Medical College, Honolulu
Heald College, Honolulu
University of Phoenix, Honolulu
Special-focus institutions
Institute for Clinical Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, Honolulu
World Medicine Institute, Honolulu
Related pages
Colleges and universities in the United States
References
Colleges and universities in Oceania
Lists of colleges and universities
Hawaii-related lists
Bethpage

Bethpage is a hamlet on Long Island. It is in Nassau County, New York.
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Hamlets in New York (state)
Cast member

A cast member is:
An actor who performs in a theatrical production, movie, or television program. These actors as a group are called the cast.
Anyone who works at any of the Disney theme parks. These include the Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California and the Walt Disney World Resort. The use of this term comes from Walt Disney's use of theatrical terms when referring to park operations.
Anyone who works at Chuck E. Cheese's, inspired by the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts term.
Television
Most television series have a "regular cast" or "main cast". These are the actors who are regularly on the show each week. They are commonly called just "regulars" or "main characters". Programs will often need other actors to play smaller roles in the series. These are called "guest stars". A guest star may only be used for a single episode or they may be used for more than one. This often happens if the character's story goes on for more than one episode. Often, a character will be used for many episodes, but over a long period of time not for episodes shown one after the other. These are called "recurring characters" and are characters that are not "regulars", they are not part of the main cast, but are used many times during the series.
Etymology
The word cast comes from the Old English word ' casten ' or ' kasta '(c.1230). The Old English means to throw in, to consider, plot, imagine, and design. This led to its meaning when referring to a "group of actors in a play" (c.1631).
References
Performing arts
Leval, Nord

Leval is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
Communes in Nord
9 PM (Till I Come)

"9 PM (Till I Come)" is the first single off of German DJ and producer ATB's first studio album Movin' Melodies. The song was released on 26 October 1998. The song features vocals from model Yolanda Rivera saying "until I come".
It was able to make it to #1 on the UK Dance Singles and Albums Charts, UK Singles Chart, Scottish, and Irish charts. It became the first trance song to make it to #1 on the UK charts. The song was also able to make it to #7 on the Dance Club Songs and #11 on the Dance Singles Sales Billboard charts.
A music video for the song was released. In the video, a woman steps out of a helicopter and walks with a briefcase that she stole from someone. In another scene, a man makes a turkey dinner. Later, the woman sits down and opens the briefcase to reveal a picture of the man with the turkey. The turkey then blows up.
There was a remake titled "Your Love (9PM)" featuring German DJ Topic and Swedish singer A7S. It was released on 15 January 2021.
References
Other websites
1998 songs
Eurodance songs
Hawaiian Holiday

Hawaiian Holiday is a 1937 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The cartoon stars an ensemble cast of Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Pluto, Donald Duck, and Goofy while vacationing in Hawaii (then an organized incorporated territory of the United States). The film was directed by Ben Sharpsteen, produced by John Sutherland and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey, Marcellite Garner as Minnie, Clarence Nash as Donald, and Pinto Colvig as Goofy and Pluto. It was Disney's first film to be released by RKO, ending a five-year distributing partnership with United Artists.
Releases
1937 - theatrical release
1956 - Disneyland, episode #2.22: "On Vacation" (TV)
c. 1972 - The Mouse Factory, episode #7 "Water Sports" (TV)
c. 1983 - Good Morning, Mickey!, episode #14 (TV)
c. 1992 - Mickey's Mouse Tracks, episode #10 (TV)
c. 1992 - Donald's Quack Attack, episode #19 (TV)
1997 - The Ink and Paint Club, episode #1.10: "Mickey, Donald & Goofy: Friends to the End" (TV)
2010 - Have a Laugh!, episode #13 (TV)
Home media
The short was released on December 4, 2001 on Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Living Color.
Additional releases include:
1978 - "Walt Disney Presents On Vacation with Mickey Mouse and Friends" (Discovision Laserdisc #D61-503)
1981 - "On Vacation with Mickey and Friends" (VHS)
1981 - "Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Cartoon Collections Volume Two" (laserdisc)
1987 - "Cartoon Classics: Starring Mickey and Minnie" (VHS)
2005 - "Classic Cartoon Favorites: Starring Mickey" (DVD)
2011 - "Have a Laugh!: Volume 4" (DVD)
2019 - Disney+
References
Other websites
(official posting by Walt Disney Animation Studios)
Nidau

Nidau is a municipality of the administrative district Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website of the City of Nidau
Schlossmuseum Nidau
Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Bern
Saint-Magne-de-Castillon

Saint-Magne-de-Castillon is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Iraq at the Olympics

Iraq was first at the Olympic Games in 1948. Since 1980, Iraq has been in every game despite the [[Iraq War]]. Iraq has never been at the Winter Olympic Games.
Iraq has been represented by the National Olympic Committee of Iraq since 1948.
Medalists
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
References
Other websites
Iraq profile at London2012.com
Sport in Iraq
Nations at the Olympics
Al D'Amato

Alfonse Marcello "Al" D'Amato (born August 1, 1937) is an American lawyer and former New York politician. He was a Republican. He served as United States Senator from New York from 1981 to 1999. He later founded a lobbying firm, Park Strategies.
Since he left office in 1999, New York has not elected another Republican to the U.S. Senate.
References
1937 births
Living people
Lawyers from New York City
American lobbyists
Businesspeople from New York City
United States senators from New York (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Cedar Bluffs, Nebraska

Cedar Bluffs is a village in Saunders County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 615 at the 2020 census.
References
Villages in Nebraska
Quechuas

Quechuas is the term used for several ethnic groups in South America that use a Quechua language (Southern Quechua mainly). They belong to several ethnic groups in South America, above all in Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.
The Quechuas of Ecuador call themselves - as well as their language Kichwa - Kichwas or Quichuas. The Kichwa-speaking group of Colombia are the Ingas.
Some (historic) Quechua peoples:
Inca
Chancas (in Huancavelica, Ayacucho y Apurimac)
Huancas (in Junin; spoke Quechua before the Incas did)
Canaris (in Ecuador; adopted the Quechua language from the Incas)
Related pages
Q'ero (an Andean Quechua community)
Ethnic groups in South America
Argentine people
Bolivian people
Nephthys

Nephthys was a goddess with wide power and capacity, and she was often referred to as "The Excellent Goddess."
She could also be dangerous, able to kill the enemies of the king with her fiery breath. In this capacity, she was considered a protector of the king. .
Nephthys has a central role in the popular myths of Osiris; it is her magical powers that helps to resurrect his body, as well as to protect and nurture Horus while he is a child.
She is in some contexts presented as a protector of the dead, in other as protecting the baboon-headed Hapi, one of the 4 canopic jars.
In the Late Period, she became linked with the goddess, Anuket.
Family
According to myth, Nephthys had four siblings. Her parents were Geb the god of the earth and Nut the goddess of the sky. She was the sister of Isis, Osiris, Horus, and sister/twin and consort of Seth. Nephthys was also the mother of Anubis, the jackal-headed one with black skin.
Cult
In the 19th Dynasty of the Ramesside Pharaohs, a temple of Nephthys called the "House of Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun" was built in the town of Sepermeru, midway between Oxyrhynchos and Herakleopolis, on the outskirts of the Fayyum and quite near to the modern site of Deshasheh.
References
Relmer, Pat Egyptian Mythology A to Z
Fisher, Leonard The Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt
Barett, Clive The Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
Other websites
ancientegypt.co.uk
touregypt.net
pantheon.org
http://www.Touregypt.net/godsofegypt/Nephthys2.htm
http://www.aelives.com/gods.htm
http://www.philae.nu/Akhet/Netjurun.html
Egyptian gods and goddesses
Manuel Pinto da Costa

Manuel Pinto da Costa (born 5 August 1937) is a Sao Tomean economist and politician. He served as the first president of Sao Tome and Principe from 1975 to 1991. He again served as the country's president from 2011 to 2016. He was a member of the Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP/PSD) during his first presidential term but later became an independent.
Pinto da Costa was born in Agua Grande. He was educated in East Germany.
Related pages
List of scientists from Africa
References
1937 births
Living people
Heads of state of Sao Tome and Principe
Economists
Independent politicians
Michael Portillo

Michael Denzil Xavier Portillo (born 26 May 1953) is a British television presenter and former Conservative Party politician.
Michael Portillo was born in Bushey, Hertfordshire, to a Scottish mother and Spanish father.
Portillo first became a Member of Parliament (MP) in a by-election in 1984, representing the constituency of Enfield Southgate. He very much liked Margaret Thatchers policies and was quite Eurosceptic, meaning that he was against the European Union. He became a cabinet member in 1992, holding the following positions: Chief Secretary to the Treasury (April 1992 - July 1994), Secretary of State for Employment (July 1994 - July 1995) and Defence Secretary (July 1995 - May 1997). Many people thought he would try to become the leader of the Conservative Party in 1995 but he chose to stay loyal to John Major. At the 1997 General Election, Portillo lost his seat in the House of Commons to the Labour Party.
Portillo returned to the House of Commons after winning a by-election in 1999 for the constituency of Kensington and Chelsea. He then started to re-think many of his ideas and began to argue for a more socially liberal Conservative Party. He became the Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer in February 2000 but he did not have a good relationship with party leader William Hague. He was a candidate in the 2001 Conservative Party leadership contest; he lost to Iain Duncan Smith. Portillo left the House of Commons at the 2005 General Election and has since hosted several television and radio programmes.
Other websites
1953 births
Living people
British television presenters
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Hertfordshire
Politicians from London
Irrational number

In mathematics, an irrational number is a real number that cannot be written as a complete ratio of two integers.
An irrational number cannot be fully written down in fraction or decimal form. It would have an infinite number of digits. In addition, these digits would also not repeat. The set of irrational numbers is sometimes written as or .
Irrational numbers often occur in geometry. For instance, if a square has sides of 1 meter, the distance between opposite corners is the square root of two meters. This is an irrational number. In decimal form it is written as 1.414213... Mathematicians have proved that the square root of every natural number is either an integer or an irrational number.
One well known irrational number is pi (p). This is the circumference of a circle divided by its diameter. This number is the same for every circle. The number pi is approximately 3.14159265358979323... .
Other examples of irrational number include the numbers and . A number for which irrationality is not known is the Euler-Mascheroni constant .
Related pages
Rational number
Transcendental number
References
Independence, Minnesota

Independence is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Five Nights at Freddy's: Security Breach

Five Nights at Freddy's: Security Breach is a 2021 survival horror video game created by Steel Wool Studios and published by ScottGames. It includes the animatronics Freddy Fazbear, Glamrock Chica, Roxanne Wolf, and Montgomery Gator. It is the eighth main game in the Five Nights at Freddy's series and the thirteenth game overall, taking place after the events of Five Nights at Freddy's: Help Wanted. The game released on December 16, 2021, for Microsoft Windows through Steam (service), PlayStation 4, and PlayStation 5.
The game takes place in a mall, while other games took place in a pizzeria and only takes place during one night instead of five.
Security Breach: Ruin is an upcoming DLC expected to come out July of 2023
References
2021 video games
Five Nights at Freddy's
Reductio ad absurdum

Reductio ad absurdum is a Latin phrase which means "reduction to the absurd". The phrase describes a kind of indirect proof. It is a proof by contradiction, and is a common form of argument. It shows that a statement is true because its denial leads to a contradiction, or a false or absurd result. It is a way of reasoning that has been used throughout the history of mathematics and philosophy from classical antiquity onwards.
The ridiculous or "absurdum" conclusion of a reductio ad absurdum argument can have many forms. For example,
Rocks have weight, otherwise we would see them floating in the air.
Society must have laws, otherwise there would be chaos.
There is no smallest positive rational number, because if there were, it could be divided by two to get a smaller one.
History
The phrase can be traced back to the Greek e eis atopon apagoge (he eis atopon apagoge). This phrase means "reduction to the impossible". It was often used by Aristotle. The method is used a number of times in Euclid's Elements.
Method
Reduction ad absurdum can be a tool of discovery.
The method of proving something works by first assuming something about it. Then other things are deduced from that. If there is a contradiction, it shows that the first something cannot be correct. For example,
To prove A is true, correct, valid, credible ....
Assume the opposite -- that "not-A" is true....
Assume that if "not-A" is true, then it must mean or imply B.
Show that B is false, incorrect, invalid, incredible ...
Therefore, A must be true after all.
Related pages
Mathematical proof
Proof by induction
Straw man
References
Other websites
Conditional Proof and Reductio ad Absurdum
Mathematics
Logical fallacies
Luleå

Lulea (, Lule sami Luleju, Finnish Luulaja) is a city in northern Sweden. In 2010, 46,607 people lived there. It is the seat of Lulea Municipality and the capital of Norrbotten County.
References
List of governors of Arizona

The governor of Arizona is the head of state and government of the U.S. state of Arizona and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor is also the head of the executive branch of the state government and is the chairwoman of the gubernatorial cabinet.
Katie Hobbs is the 24th and current governor of Arizona, in office since January 2023.
Powers and duties
The governor has the power to enforce state laws and the duty to either approve or veto bills passed by the Arizona Legislature or the Arizona Senate to assemble the legislature and grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment.
Eligibility & requirements
Article V, Section 2 of the state's constitution states for a person to serve as governor must:
be at least 25 years old
be a qualified voter in Arizona
have been a citizen of the United States for 10 years
have been a resident of Arizona for at least five years.
Election process and gubernatorial term limits
The governor is elected by the people through the popular election to a four-year term. The gubernatorial candidate or incumbent governor must have the majority of the popular vote in order to win the election.
The state's constitution forbids anyone from being elected governor more than twice.
List of governors of Arizona
Notes
References
Mountain West Conference

The Mountain West Conference (abbreviated as either "MW" or "MWC") is a group of colleges and universities in the Western United States, who play NCAA Division I sports against one another. In football, the MW plays in the top-level Division I FBS.
The league was formed in 1999 when eight schools split from the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). Most of the original members had been members of the WAC before it grew from 10 schools to 16 in 1996.
Due to a major realignment of Division I conferences, the MW and Conference USA announced plans to merge into one conference, possibly for the 2013-14 school year. However, because of money issues, the conferences backed away from a full merger. They planned to form an alliance for scheduling and television purposes. After both conferences added more schools, they backed out of the planned alliance.
Current members
Eleven schools are "full members", meaning that they play almost all of their sports in the MW.
Associate members
Two schools are "associate members", meaning that they play in the MW in some sports while playing most other sports in another league. Both schools play only one sport in the MW.
Former members
Two of the MW's first members, plus one school that joined later, are no longer in the conference.
References
1999 establishments in the United States
Negros Oriental

Negros Oriental, sometimes called Oriental Negros (East Negros), is a province in the Philippines. It is one of two provinces found on Negros Island.
Provinces of the Philippines
Ballarat Airport

Ballarat Airport or Ballarat Aerodrome, is at Mitchell Park an outer suburb of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.
History
Pilots were first trained on the Ballarat Common in 1914-15. In 1934 a tin hangar was built.
World War II
In 1940, in World War II, the site was taken over by the Australian government and a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) airfield known as Empire Air Training Scheme No 1 Wireless Air Gunners School was begun (EATS 1 WAGS) at the Ballarat Showgrounds on 22 April 1940.
The hangar was moved to the Commonwealth Flax Mill, and four Bellman Hangars and numerous "P"-type hut buildings were erected. In mid-1940 the Wireless Air Gunners School moved to the aerodrome. At first the wireless operators were mainly trained in panel vans, but from mid 1941, they used CAC Wackett trainer aircraft.
No 1 WAGS was disbanded on 31 December 1945.
Post War
The RAAF continued to use the airfield as its Radio School until 1961. The Shire of Ballarat took over the airport as a civil airport and kept many of the hangars and other structures. Most of the P Huts were sold by the Australian government.
The site was listed on the Victorian Heritage Register in 2007 because of its history with the Empire Air Training Scheme in Victoria.
The airport still has an important role in emergency services operation, civil operation, and flight training. Many community groups and organisations use the old buildings.
Motorsport
The airfield was also used for motor sport, starting on Australia Day in 1947 when it held its first motor race meeting. In February there was an International Formula Libre race, which was attended by some European Formula 1 teams. BRM factory drivers Dan Gurney and Graham Hill finished first and second in the major race, the Victoria Trophy with Ron Flockhart third in a Cooper. On the night before the race Gurney's car was stolen from its hangar and driven into or hidden with, hay bales out on the track.
References
Shire of Ballarat History
Other websites
Ballarat Aero Club
Ballarat Aviation Museum
Anson Museum
Heritage Victoria
Airports in Australia
Motor sports
Ballarat
Buildings and structures in Victoria, Australia
Tenure

Tenure is normally used for jobs, usually academic high-ranking jobs like professors. It is to protect professors who are teaching something that their employer, the university, might not agree with. Tenure means that these people cannot be fired without a very good reason- the job is for life. The reason for tenure is to help professors be bold about what they teach and research, so that new ideas will be developed. Or a teacher can also have a tenure. It depends how long their term has to be.
Sometimes judges also get tenure. This is so that they can make decisions based on the evidence, even if this means saying that the government, which is their employer, is wrong.
Employment
Belmont, California

Belmont is a city in San Mateo County, California. It is in the San Francisco Bay Area, on the San Francisco Peninsula about halfway between San Francisco and San Jose. 28,335 people lived here at the 2020 census.
References
Cities in California
Settlements in San Mateo County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Windorf

Windorf is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Passau (district)
The New Saints F.C.

The New Saints F.C. is a football club which plays in Welsh Premier League.
Name
1959-1997 Llansantffraid F.C.
1997-2006 Total Network Solutions F.C.
2006-present The New Saints F.C.
League title
Welsh Premier League: 5
1999/2000, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2009/10
League position
1993/94: Welsh Premier League - 18th
1994/95: Welsh Premier League - 9th
1995/96: Welsh Premier League - 12th
1996/97: Welsh Premier League - 6th
1997/98: Welsh Premier League - 14th
1998/99: Welsh Premier League - 8th
1999/2000: Welsh Premier League - Champions
2000/01: Welsh Premier League - 8th
2001/02: Welsh Premier League - 2nd
2002/03: Welsh Premier League - 2nd
2003/04: Welsh Premier League - 2nd
2004/05: Welsh Premier League - Champions
2005/06: Welsh Premier League - Champions
2006/07: Welsh Premier League - Champions
2007/08: Welsh Premier League - 2nd
2008/09: Welsh Premier League - 3rd
2009/10: Welsh Premier League - Champions
Other websites
Official Site
Welsh football clubs
1959 establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century establishments in Wales
Simu Liu

Simu Liu (; born 19 April 1989) is a Canadian actor and stuntman. He is best known for playing Shang-Chi in the 2021 Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movie Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings.
References
Other websites
1989 births
Living people
Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Chinese voice actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Actors from Toronto
Stuntmen
Writers from Toronto
Chinese writers
Charles Cyphers

Charles Cyphers (born July 28, 1939) is an American movie, television, and stage actor who is known for his role as Sheriff Leigh Brackett in Halloween (1978) and Halloween Kills (2021). He was born Niagara Falls, New York on July 28, 1939. His career started in the 1970s.
Other websites
1939 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York (state)
Marcelino Campanal

Marcelino Gonzalez Vaquero River (13 February 1932 - 25 May 2020) was a Spanish footballer. He played defense for Real Aviles CF from 1947 to 1969. He also played for the national team eleven times during his career. Campanal was born in Gijon, Spain.
Campanal died on 25 May 2020 at a hospital in Aviles, Spain at the age of 88.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Spanish footballers
Andrew Dice Clay

Andrew Dice Clay (born September 29, 1957) is an American comedian and actor. He performs stand-up comedy. He has acted in many comedy and drama movies, including Pretty in Pink and It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. Clay was born in Brooklyn, New York with the name Andrew Silverstein.
American movie actors
Comedians from New York City
Actors from New York (state)
1957 births
Living people
Saint-Gervais-en-Belin

Saint-Gervais-en-Belin is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
References
Communes in Sarthe
Gilchrist County, Florida

Gilchrist County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It was formed on December 4, 1925. As of 2020, 17,864 people lived there. Its county seat is Trenton.
References
Florida counties
1925 establishments in Florida
Tarzana, Los Angeles

Tarzana is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California. It is a mostly residential community. It is the site of a former ranch owned by author Edgar Rice Burroughs. It is named after Burroughs' storybook jungle character hero, Tarzan.
Neighborhoods of Los Angeles
Waidhofen, Bavaria

Waidhofen is a municipality in Neuburg-Schrobenhausen in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Neuburg-Schrobenhausen
Alan Smart

Alan Smart (born October 10, 1963) best known for his work as the supervising director on SpongeBob SquarePants, which he has been involved with since the horror and series, and as assistant director and layout artist on The Simpsons (he also received credit as a director in the season three and twenty-second episode, "Flaming Moe's500 Keys").
He has done animation for the Nicktoons CatDog, Hey Arnold, Rocko's Modern Life, Ren and Stimpy and FOX TV Shows King of the Hill director in 2001 Chasing Bobby season 5 episode 9 and The Simpsons director in 2011 episode 500 Keys
Filmography
The Simpsons episodes directors (1991-2011) November 21, 1991
"Flaming Moe's (with "Rich Moore")" (1991)
"500 Keys" (2011)
Bobby World episodes
"Nightmare on Bobby's Street" (1991)
"Bobby the Candidate" (1996)
1963 births
Living people
American television directors
American movie directors
Club Atlético Brown

Club Atletico Brown (mostly known as Brown de Adrogue) is an Argentine football club from the Adrogue neighborhood in Greater Buenos Aires. The team currently plays in Primera B Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.
Other websites
Club website
La Hora Tricolor
Argentine football clubs
Akinwunmi Ambode

Akinwunmi Ambode (born 14 June 1963) is a Nigerian politician who as served as the governor of Lagos from 2015 to 2019. Ambode was a public servant for 27 years and a financial consultant before he contested as the governor of Lagos state.
Early life and education
Ambode was born on 14 June 1963 in Epe General Hospital, to Mr Festus Akinwale Ambode and Mrs Christianah Oluleye Ambode. He is one of the ten children of his father. Ambode started his education at St. Jude's Primary School, Ebute Metta, Lagos State, Nigeria from 1969 to 1974, where he wrote his National Common Entrance Examinations. After his primary school education, he proceeded to Federal Government College, Warri, Delta State for his secondary school education from 1974 to 1981.
References
Living people
1963 births
Politicians from Lagos
Torpshammar

Torpshammar is a locality in Ange Municipality in Vasternorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 444 people lived there. It was founded in 1797 as an iron milling community.
References
Settlements in Vasternorrland County
Regnal name

A regnal name, or reign name, is a formal name or label which refers to the years of the reign of a monarch or a pope.
A monarch sometimes chooses a reign name which is different from his or her personal name.
Example: Edward VII of the United Kingdom, born Albert Edward of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
A pope chooses a regnal name when he is elected. It becomes his new personal name.
Example: Pope John Paul II, born Karol Jozef Wojtyla,
The new name -- or sometimes the old one -- is followed by an ordinal number to create a unique name for the period in which the monarch is on the throne.
Example: Elizabeth II was queen of the United Kingdom and many other Commonwealth Realms until her death in 2022Elizabeth I of England (1533-1603) was the 1st British queen named Elizabeth. She ruled over "Elizabethan" England. Her time on the throne was called the "Elizabethan era" or the "Elizabethan age".
Related pages
Family name
Given name
Posthumous name
Surname
Japanese era names
Names
Monarchy
Johann Heinrich Schmelzer

Johann Heinrich Schmelzer (born in Austria some time between 1620 and 1623; died in Prague some time between 29 February and 20 March 1680) was a German composer. He was one of the most important composers of instrumental music in the mid-17th century.
Nothing is known about his early life. He became a member of the imperial chapel in the mid 1630's. His job there was probably a violinist. We know very little about his life, except that over the years he became a famous composer. The emperor must have liked him because he gave him presents of money and gold chains.
In 1671 he became deputy Kapellmeister at the imperial court. In 1673 the emperor gave him the honorary title "von Ehrenruef" which he put after his name. A few years later the court moved to Prague to try to escape the plague that was killing so many people in Vienna. At the end of 1679 the emperor's Kapellmeister died and Schmelzer became Kapellmeister. It was the first time that the Kapellmeister at the Habsburg court had not been a foreigner but an Austrian. However, the following March Schmelzer died of the plague.
Schmelzer wrote a lot of music for small groups of instruments as well as a lot of ballet music. His dance suites are made up of several dances such as galliard, bourree, sarabande, gigue, gavotte and allemande as well as more unusual dances. He wrote several sonatas for two violins and continuo. They are full of fast scales and arpeggios. He also seems to have written church music, but it has all been lost.
References
1623 births
1688 deaths
Baroque composers
Austrian composers
Mie Prefecture

is a prefecture of in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Tsu.
History
Mie prefecture was created by merging the area of Ise Province, Shima Province, Iga Province and Kii Province.
In 1871, the area from the Kisosansen River in the north to the city of Tsu became Anotsu Prefecture. The area south of Tsu became Watarai Prefecture. In 1876, Anotsu Prefecture and Watarai Prefecture joined to become Mie Prefecture.
Mie has four dialects: Iga, Ise, Shima, and Kisyuu.
Geography
Mie Prefecture is on the eastern side of the Kii Peninsula. The prefectures that surround Mie are Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, and Wakayama Prefecture.
Cities
There are fourteen cities in Mie Prefecture:
National Parks
About 35% of the total land area of the prefecture is National Parks.
Shrines and Temples
Aekuni jinja, Tsubaki jinja, and Izawa jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.
Related pages
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
References
Other websites
Uuvudhiya Constituency

Uuvudhiya Constituency is the biggest constituency in the Oshana Region of Namibia. It has 4,357 people living there, its capital is the settlement of Uuvudhiya. The constituency had 2,869 registered voters in 2004. Lake Oponona, the largest lake in the Cuvelai Basin, is located in Uuvudhiya Constituency and is a local attraction.
Politics
Uuvudhiya constituency is dominated by the South West Africa People's Organization party since the South African Border War.
In the 2010 regional elections, SWAPO candidate Seblon Paulus won the constituency with 1,621 votes, followed by Gabriel Jeremia of the Rally for Democracy and Progress who received 19 votes. In the 2015 local and regional elections the SWAPO candidate won became councillor after no opposition party nominated a candidate. For the 2020 regional election no opposition candidate participated, and Timoteus Shoopa a Shivute, the SWAPO candidate won and was elected.
References
Constituencies of Oshana Region
Tropical Storm Katrina (1999)

Tropical Storm Katrina was a short-lived, weak tropical cyclone that produced minor damage across areas previously devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998.
1999 Atlantic hurricane season
Atlantic tropical storms
Ayberk Pekcan

Ayberk Pekcan (22 May 1970 - 24 January 2022) was a Turkish actor. He was born in Mersin, Turkey. His career began in 1995. He was known for playing Hidayet in Winter Sleep (2014) and Erol in Mustang (2015).
Pekcan died on 24 January 2022 in Mersin from lung cancer, aged 51.
References
1970 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Turkish movie actors
Turkish stage actors
Turkish television actors
Nikkolas Smith

Nikkolas Smith is an activist born in Houston, Texas 1985. Nikkolas Smith is the author of many children's books including, "That Flag", "The Artivist" and "President Austin". Many of Nikkolas Smith's books are involved with black culture.
African-American people
African American writers
American illustrators
American activists
American children's writers
People from Houston
Writers from Houston
Living people
1985 births
San Pedro de Mérida

San Pedro de Merida is a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. In 2005, 845 people lived here.
References
Municipalities in Extremadura
Molles

Molles is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Dictionary attack

A dictionary attack is a method used in cryptography to find a key (or username, or password). A large number of words are tried. These words usually come from a special collection, called a "dictionary".
The attack is based on trying all the strings in a pre-arranged listing. The listing is usually derived from a list of words, such as in a dictionary (hence the phrase dictionary attack).
References
Cryptography
Massérac

Masserac is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
References
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Crossroads

Crossroads is a movie from 2002 with starring Britney Spears in her first major movie role.
Cast
Britney Spears as Lucy Wagner
Dan Aykroyd as Pete Wagner
Kim Cattrall as Caroline Wagner
Anson Mount as Ben
Zoe Saldana as Kit
Taryn Manning as Mimi
Justin Long as Henry
Other websites
Related pages
Crossroads (Roblox game)
2002 movies
American drama movies
Britney Spears
English-language movies
Babez for Breakfast

Babez for Breakfast is an album from the Finnish hard rock/heavy metal band Lordi.
Track listing
Sources
Lordi albums
2010 albums
Montebelluna

Montebelluna is a city and comune in Veneto, Italy, about northwest of Venice. It has a population of 32,000.
References
Settlements in Veneto