pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Suzanne Lilar

Baroness Suzanne Lilar (nee Suzanne Verbist; 21 May 1901 - 11 December 1992) was a Flemish Belgian essayist, novelist, and playwright. She wrote in French. She was the wife of the Belgian Minister of Justice Albert Lilar and mother of the writer Francoise Mallet-Joris and the art historian Marie Fredericq-Lilar.
She was a member of the Royal Academy of French Language and Literature from 1952 to 1992.
In 1919 Lilar attended the State University of Ghent. She studied philosophy and was the first woman to receive a Law degree in 1925. She moved to Antwerp where she became the first woman lawyer. In 1929 she married the lawyer Albert Lilar who would later become a Minister of Justice and Minister of State. After the death of her husband in 1976, she left Antwerp and moved to Brussels in 1977.
Lilar began her literary career as a journalist. She reported on Republican Spain for the newspaper L'Independance belge in 1931. She later became a playwright with Le Burlador (1946). It was an original reinterpretation of the myth of Don Juan. It was told from the female perspective. She wrote two more plays, Tous les chemins menent au ciel (1947), a theological drama set in a 14th-century convent, and Le Roi lepreux (1951), a play about the Crusades.
References
1901 births
1992 deaths
Belgian essayists
Belgian novelists
Belgian playwrights
People from Ghent
Philip Lavallin Wroughton

Sir Philip Lavallin Wroughton (19 April 1933 - 7 November 2020) is a British politician and businessman. He was born in Chaddleworth, Berkshire. He was the Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire from 1995 until 2008. He was Vice-Chairman of one of the World's largest insurance and investment management businesses, Marsh & McLennan Companies of New York City.
Wroughton died on 7 November 2020, at the age of 87.
References
1933 births
Living people
British businesspeople
British politicians
People from Berkshire
Peter Ustinov

Sir Peter Alexander Ustinov CBE FRSA (born Peter Alexander Baron von Ustinow; 16 April 1921 - 28 March 2004) was an English actor, filmmaker and writer. He portrayed lead roles in the movies Spartacus, Death on the Nile, Evil Under the Sun, Quo Vadis, and Topkaki.
Early and personal life
Ustinov was born on 16 April 1921 in Swiss Cottage, London Borough of Camden. He studied at the Westminster School. He was married to Isolde Denham from 1940 until they divorced in 1950. He later married Suzanne Cloutier from 1954 until they divorced in 1971. He was then married to Helene de Lau d'Allemans from 1972 until his death in 2004. He lived in Bursins, Vaud, Switzerland and had three children.
Death
Ustinov died on 28 March 2004 in Genolier, Vaud, Switzerland from heart failure, aged 82.
Awards
Ustinov won two Academy Awards, a Silver Bear Award, a BAFTA Award, three Emmy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and a Grammy Award.
References
Other websites
1921 births
2004 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from London
BAFTA Award winning actors
Deaths from heart failure
Emmy Award winning actors
English movie actors
English movie directors
English radio actors
English singers
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English writers
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
People educated at Westminster School, London
Singers from London
Writers from London
Dependent and independent variables

In an experiment, the parts being studied can be classed as either dependent or independent variables. The dependent variable is the possible outcome of the experiment; the effect. It depends on what happens to other variables in the experiment. The dependent variable is basically the part that you are changing. For example, if you want to know how much light a plant needs to grow, the amount of growth is the dependent. If you wanted to see if a plant would grow better in hot or cold areas your independent variable would be the temperature of the air.
The independent variable is the variable that you have control over, what you can choose and manipulate. It is usually what you think will affect the dependent variable. In some cases, you may not be able to manipulate the independent variable. It may be something that is already there and is fixed, something you would like to evaluate with respect to how it affects something else, the independent variable like color, kind, time. As an example, you are interested in how stress affects heart rate in humans. Your independent variable would be the stress and the dependent variable would be the heart rate. You can directly manipulate stress levels in your human subjects and measure how those stress levels change heart rate.
Mathematics
In mathematics, the dependent variable changes with the independent variable, hence the name (it depends on the independent variable).
In calculus, a function is a map whose action is specified on variables. Take x and y to be two variables. A function f may map x to some expression in x. Assigning gives a relation between y and x. If there is some relation specifying y in terms of x, then y is known as a dependent variable (and x is an independent variable).
A dependent variable is also known as a "response variable", "regressand", "measured variable", "responding variable", "explained variable", "outcome variable", "experimental variable", and "output variable".
If the independent variable is referred to as an "explanatory variable" then the term "response variable" is preferred by some authors for the dependent variable.
Experiments
Mathematics
Danijel Ljuboja

Danijel Ljuboja, (Serbian Cyrillic: Danijel Ljuboja) (born September 4, 1978 in Vinkovci, Croatia, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian football forward who plays for Legia Warsaw.
Serbian footballers
1978 births
Living people
Wachapreague, Virginia

Wachapreague, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
Gate of Yemen

Gate of Yemen () is the main gate of the old city of Sana'a, the capital of Yemen. The gate is in a square in the northern wall of the old city. It was built in the 17th Century by the Turks.
Other websites
Buildings and structures in Asia
Gates
Yemen
17th-century establishments in Asia
Mel Stuart

Mel Stuart (born Stuart Solomon; September 2, 1928 - August 9, 2012) was an American director and producer who is known for directing such movies as; Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, Two is a Happy Number, and Running on the Sun: The Badwater 135. Stuart's career would span for nearly 37 years which started in 1963 until his retirement in 2000. Stuart was born on September 2, 1928 in New York City, New York. Stuart was never married and had no children. He was related to late TV producer David L. Wolper. Stuart died on August 9, 2012 in his Beverly Hills, California home from cancer, he was 83 years old. Stuart's first cousin was Stan Lee.
Movies
Directed:
Four Days in November (1964)
If It's Tuesday, It Must Be Belgium (1969)
I Love My Life
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971)
Two is a Happy Number (1972)
Wattstax (1974)
Brenda Starr (TV) (1976)
Welcome Back, Kotter (TV) (1977)
Ruby and Oswald (TV) (1978)
Mean Dog Blues (1978)
The Chisholms (TV) (1980)
References
Other websites
1928 births
2012 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles County, California
American movie directors
American movie producers
Movie directors from New York (state)
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Renaud

Renaud, popular name of Renaud Sechan (born 1952, Paris) is a French singer and songwriter. He sang Dans mon H.L.M., Laisse beton, Les Bobos, Manhattan-Kaboul, Marche a l'ombre, Mistral gagnant, Molly Malone and Mon beauf'. In the 90s, he was a contributor for the satirical weekly magazine Charlie Hebdo.
1952 births
French singers
French songwriters
Living people
City Montessori School

City Montessori School is a private school in Lucknow, India. It was started in 1959 by Bharti Gandhi and Jagdish Gandhi. It had five pupils. It now has the most students of any school in the world. It has twenty campuses.
References
Buildings and structures in Uttar Pradesh
Schools in India
1959 establishments in Asia
1950s establishments in India
Lucknow
Ziynet Sali

Ziynet Sali (born on 29 April 1975 in Nicosia, Northern Cyprus) is a Turkish Cypriot singer who is mainly famous in Northern Cyprus and Turkey. Her 2010 single, "Ruya," reached #1 on the Turkish Music charts.
Biography
Ziynet was born in Cyprus on April 29, 1975 to Turkish Cypriot parents. Her father had been living in the United Kingdom since 1963 and had met her mother when he was on vacation to his native Northern Cyprus. They had three children, and Ziynet was the only daughter. Because of the Cyprus conflict, the family moved back to the United Kingdom. She currently has both a British and Cypriot citizenship. At the age of six, she moved back to Cyprus to finish her early education. In 1994, she moved to Istanbul to study music at Istanbul Technical University. She graduated this university in 1999.
Discography
Studio Albums
Singles
References
Other websites
Official website
1975 births
Living people
Pop singers
Mauro Maur

Mauro Maur (born August 9, 1958) is an Italian trumpeter and composer.
Honour
Knight: Cavaliere Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2008
Discography
2003: Concerto per Alberto, omaggio all'arte di Piero Piccioni
1996: Mauro Maur e i suoi Solisti: musiques de Ennio Morricone et Nino Rota Sony Columbia #COL 485352-2
1994: Una Tromba in scena Mauro Maur Iktius Milano #C009P
1993: La Tromba Classica Contemporanea : musiques de Ennio Morricone, Flavio Emilio Scogna, Lucia Ronchetti, Aldo Clementi, Fabrizio de Rossi Re, Sylvano Bussotti, Mikis Theodorakis, Roman Vlad, James Dashow BMG #74321-16825-2
1993: Torelli: Concerti, Sinfonie e Sonte per Tromba, Archi e Basso Continuo RS-Darpro #6367-07
1993: L'Orchestra Classica Contemporanea BMG #74321-17516-2
Note
References
, Mauro Maur and Francoise Gadbois ; Italian Cultural Institute in Montreal
Mauro Maur ; 40concerti.it
, ; Italian Cultural Institute in Egypt
Giulietta Masina "Il Corriere della Sera", 24 marzo 1994
Youth Orchestra of the Americas
1958 births
Living people
Classical musicians
Trumpeters
Italian musicians
People from Trieste
Taipei Taoyuan International Airport

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport () is the largest international airport in the Republic of China where most international flights depart and arrive everyday. Taipei Songshan Airport is in Taipei. It used to be the international airport of Taiwan. However as the number of people grew and a bigger airport was needed, there was no room to build more. In order to solve the problem, construction for new airport that can run 24 hours and meet the growing needs started. Taoyuan International Airport is in Taoyuan City.
Airports in Asia
Buildings and structures in Taiwan
Saint-Clément, Allier

Saint-Clement is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
S/2006 S 3

S/2006 S 3 is an unnamed moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on June 26, 2006, from observations taken between January and April 2006.
S/2006 S 3 is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 21,076,300 km in 1142.366 days, at an inclination of 150.8deg to the ecliptic (128.8deg to Saturn's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.4710.
References
Institute for Astronomy Saturn Satellite Data
IAUC 8727: Satellites of Saturn 2006 June 30 (discovery)
MPEC 2006-M45: Eight New Satellites of Saturn 2006 June 26 (discovery and ephemeris)
Saturn's moons
Step Forward (movie)

Step Forward () is a 1975 Soviet comedy movie directed by Naum Birman and stars Lyudmila Gurchenko, Nikolay Volkov Jr., and Yelena Anderegg.
Actors
Lyudmila Gurchenko as Valentina Stepanovna
Nikolay Volkov Jr. as Igor Anatolievich
Yelena Anderegg as janitor
Andrey Popov as captain
Yelena Tsyplakova as Lida, captain's daughter, student
Georgy Vitsin as man in buffet
Lyudmila Ivanova as taxi driver
Vera Titova as barmaid
Anatoly Popov as student
Natalia Chetverikova as girl at airport
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1975 movies
Soviet comedy movies
UEFA Euro 2024

The 2024 UEFA European Football Championship, also known as UEFA Euro 2024 or simply Euro 2024, will be the 17th edition of the UEFA European Championship. Germany will host the tournament. It is scheduled from 14 June to 14 July 2024.
Historical background
It would be the third time that the matches are played on German territory and the second time in reunified Germany. The former West Germany hosted the tournament of 1988. Four matches of the multi-national Euro 2020 were played in Munich.
However, it would be the first time the match is held in the former East Germany with Leipzig as a host city.
Italy are the defending champions going into the tournament. They have beaten England on penalties in the 2020 final.
Bid process
On 8 March 2017, UEFA announced that only two countries, Germany and Turkey, had announced their intentions to host the tournament before the deadline of 3 March 2017.
The host was selected on 27 September 2018 in Nyon, Switzerland.
The UEFA Executive Committee voted for the host in a secret ballot, with only a simple majority (more than half of the valid votes) required to determine the host. In the event of a tie, the UEFA President would cast the decisive vote. Of the twenty members of the Executive Committee, two were ineligible to vote and one was not there, leaving a total of seventeen voting members.
Qualification
As hosts, Germany qualified for the tournament automatically. The 23 remaining spots will be determined through qualifying, with the group stage taking place from March to November 2023, and the play-offs linked with the 2022-23 UEFA Nations League in March 2024. The qualifying draw is expected to take place in Hamburg in December 2022.
Qualified teams
Venues
Germany had a wide choice of stadia that satisfied UEFA's minimum capacity requirement of 30,000 seats for European Championship matches.
Nine venues used at the 2006 FIFA World Cup were selected: Berlin, Dortmund, Munich, Cologne, Stuttgart, Hamburg, Leipzig, Frankfurt and Gelsenkirchen. Dusseldorf, which was not used in 2006 but had previously been used for the 1974 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1988, will serve as a 10th venue; conversely, Hanover, Nuremberg and Kaiserslautern, host cities in 2006, will not be used for this championship.
Many other stadiums, such as those in Bremen and Monchengladbach were not selected. The venues covered all the main regions of Germany, but the area with the highest number of venues at UEFA Euro 2024 is the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with four of the 10 host cities (Dortmund, Dusseldorf, Gelsenkirchen and Cologne).
Draw
The final tournament draw will take place in December 2023 at the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg. The format used in 2016 and 2020 will be used again.
Broadcasters
The International Broadcast Centre (IBC) will be located at the halls of the Leipzig Trade Fair in Leipzig, Germany.
References
Other websites
2024
2024 in association football
2024
June events
July events
Scheduled association football competitions
2024 in European sport
Sutter Creek, California

Sutter Creek is a city in Amador County, California, United States.
Cities in California
Settlements in Amador County, California
Small arms

A small arm is a gun that is small enough to be carried and used by one person. This includes pistols, shotguns, and rifles. Artillery means larger guns that can need more than one person to operate.
Firearms
Cadillac, Michigan

Cadillac is the county seat of Wexford County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
County seats in Michigan
Tetsuya Yamazaki

Tetsuya Yamazaki (born 25 July 1978) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="2"|Football League||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1998||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="6"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||22||1||2||0||3||0||27||1
|-
|2000||10||0||0||0||1||0||11||0
|-
|2001||25||1||3||1||1||0||29||2
|-
|2002||8||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||26||1||0||0||3||0||29||1
|-
|2004||13||0||0||0||6||0||19||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||13||0||0||0||4||0||17||0
|-
|2006||15||0||1||0||5||0||21||0
|-
|2007||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||Oita Trinita||J. League 1||4||0||1||0||1||0||6||0
139||4||9||1||24||0||172||5
139||4||9||1||24||0||172||5
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Trinomial

Trinomials are polynomials that contain three parts called terms, which are separated by plus and minus symbols. Here is a visual example of a trinomial:
This is a linear expression, a component that makes up linear equations.
Examples
, a quadratic expression in its standard (normal) form, which happens to be a trinomial.
Perfect square trinomials, .
Related pages
Monomial
Mathematics
Algebra
The Best Damn Thing (song)

"The Best Damn Thing" is the fourth single off the album The Best Damn Thing by Avril Lavigne. The song was released June 13, 2008.
References
2007 songs
Avril Lavigne songs
Chief financial officer

A Chief Financial Officer (CFO in short) is responsible for the financial management of a company. For example he oversees accounting, financial reporting and ensures that the company has sufficient cash on its bank accounts, so that it can pay all its bills from suppliers, salaries and taxes.
Financial occupations
Matthew Stokes (cricketer)

Matthew William Reeve Stokes was born 7 October, 1995 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He is a cricketer who plays cricket for Guernsey and is the older brother of Anthony Stokes.
Other websites
1995 births
Living people
Guernsey cricketers
Cricketers from Edinburgh
Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt

Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt (July 29, 1861 - February 14, 1884) was the first wife of Teddy Roosevelt. She died in 1884. She was of Mexican descent and born in Texas. She had 1 child with her husband.
1884 deaths
First Ladies of the United States
Theodore Roosevelt
People from Texas
1861 births
To each according to his contribution

According to the principle of 'To each according to his contribution', during the transition of a society from capitalism to socialism and then to communism, individuals should be rewarded for the amount they contribute to society. Economists such as David Ricardo (1772-1823) had this idea. Ricardo founded a movement that is known as Ricardian socialism today. Many people in the labour movement had this idea too. Ferdinand Lassalle (1825-1864) and Eugen Duhring (1833-1921) expressed such ideas towards Leon Trotsky. Despite this, Vladimir Lenin was the first person to say that this element is fundamental to Marxist theory.
According to Libertarian socialist thinkers, such as American anarchist Benjamin Tucker, socialism is a system in which the laborer receives the full product of his labor. This eliminates exploitation and unearned income accrued to the capitalist.
The term To each according to his contribution simply means that each worker in a socialist society receives "wages" and benefits according to the quantity and value of the labor that he or she contributed. That way, highly productive workers will receive more wages and benefits than workers of average productivity, and substantially more than workers of low productivity. What is more, the more difficult the job is, the more one is rewarded for the labor contributed. Difficulty can result from factors such as greater training requirement, job intensity or safety hazards. According to Trotsky, the idea is to promote productivity. This is done by creating incentives to work harder, longer, and more productively. In the end, the principle comes from capitalism, but will vanish, according to Marx, as work becomes more automated and enjoyable, and as goods become available in greater quantities.
In capitalism, the means of production are owned by a few people; these people are also known as the bourgeoisie. These people do not produce, but they live off the work others do for them. Socialism can fix this issue, because with socialism, the means of production are owned by all people, they are a common good.
Related pages
From each according to his ability, to each according to his need
He who does not work, neither shall he eat
References
Socialism
Institute for Fiscal Studies

The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) is an economic research institute based in London.It studies UK taxation and public policy. It publishes policy-reports and academic articles. It also produces a peer-reviewed quarterly journal, called Fiscal Studies.
References
Organisations based in London
Think tanks
Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh

Princess Mary of the United Kingdom (25 April 1776 - 30 April 1857) was the fourth daughter and eleventh child of George III and Queen Charlotte. She was the last living child of George III, dying in 1857.
Ancestors
References
1776 births
1857 deaths
British princesses
House of Hanover
Kafr Bara

Kafr Bara or Kfar Bara (; ) is an Israeli-Arab local council in Israel's Central District. It is a small town located near the Green Line. The town is a part of the Little Triangle with Kafr Qasim and Jaljulia. In , people lived there.
Population
According to the latest statistics, the population of Kafr bara is Arab Muslims.
Institutions
The town has a community center and retirement center. It also has three mosques, a public library, a post office, two clinics and a football playground. There is 2 schools in Kafr Bara; Omar Bin Khattab primary school and , the Comprehensive Secondary School of Kafr Bara.
References
Local government in Israel
Settlements in Israel
Villages in Asia
Paul Tagliabue

Paul John Tagliabue (; born November 24, 1940) is the former Commissioner of the National Football League. He became commissioner in 1989 and retired in 2006. He was replaced by Roger Goodell, who was elected to the position on August 8, 2006. Tagliabue had previously served as a lawyer for the NFL.
Tagliabue served as Chairman of Board of Directors of Georgetown University from 2008 to 2015.
References
1940 births
Living people
Lawyers from New Jersey
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Sportspeople from New Jersey
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Capoid

Capoid race was a word for the Khoikhoi and San peoples. American anthropologist Carleton S. Coon invented the word in 1962. The words means "looking like a person from the Cape of Good Hope". Coon divided human beings into five races. He called these races Capoid, Congoid, Mongoloid, Australoid, and Caucasoid. Today, scientists agree that there is only one human race. Modern genetic research has shown that the idea of five races was wrong.
References
Scientific racism
Yorba Linda, California

Yorba Linda is a city in southern California, in the United States. It is approximately northeast of Downtown Santa Ana, and southeast of Downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, there are 68,336 people living in the city. In 2006 it was identified as the richest city in the United States by the U.S. Census Bureau that shows a median household income of $121,075 higher than any other.
Yorba Linda is known to have big residential properties. It is also known to have 30 horse trails which are in overall length.
Richard Nixon, President of the United States, from 1969 to 1974, and Vice President of the United States, from 1953 to 1961, was born there and is the most well known resident there, however his father moved there before it became a city.
History
Pre-colonization
This place was home to Native American tribes once.
Early years
In 1834, Jose Antonio Yorba's most successful son Bernardo Yorba (the city would be later be named after) was granted the Rancho Canon de Santa Ana by Mexican governor Jose Figueroa.
Founding
On November 2, 1967, Yorba Linda was incorporated as a city.
Recent times
In November 2008, the eastern part of the city was struck by a brush fire that destroyed 113 homes and damaged 50 other homes.
Geography
It is bordered by Anaheim on the south, Placentia on the west and southwest, Brea on the northwest, Chino Hills State Park on the north, and Corona on the east and bordered by the counties of San Bernardino and Riverside.
Yorba Linda is the sixth largest city in Orange County after Santa Ana, Irvine, Anaheim, Huntington Beach and Newport Beach.
The two nearest seismic faults are the Whittier Fault and the other is Chino Fault, both of which are part of the Elsinore Fault Zone.
Climate
Notable people
Sabrina Bryan, The Cheetah Girls songstress and actress
Danielle Fishel, actress Boy Meets World
Alli Mauzey, Broadway actress, Wicked, Hairspray, Cry-Baby
Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States, 36th Vice President of the United States, Senator and Congressman
Audrina Patridge, actress The Hills
Atreyu, heavy metal band formed in city in 1998
Places of Interest
Birthplace of Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
References
Other websites
City website
1967 establishments in California
Hazro Tehsil

Hazro Tehsil is one of the six tehsils (subdivisions) of Attock District in the Punjab province of Pakistan, it is a newly created tehsil and forms parts of the NA-57 constituency of Attock. On 26 October 2006, the Minister of State for Environment, Malik Amin Aslam announced that Rs150 million would be spent on the NA 57 area of Attock including remote areas of Hazro Tehsil.
Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)
33 BC

Year 33 BC was either a common year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Octavian and Tullus.
Events
Mark Antony annexed the kingdom of Media
The Kinambroi surrendered to Octavian
Crown Prince Ao ascends the throne in China as Emperor Cheng of Han
Deaths
Tiberius Nero, father of Tiberius (b. c. 85 BC)
Emperor Yuan of Han (b. 75 BC)
30s BC
River Tales

River Tales () is a 2020 Luxembourgian documentary movie directed by Julie Schroell.
Other websites
2020 documentary movies
Luxembourgian movies
Michael Skubala

Michael Skubala (b. 31 October 1982) is an English football manager. In 2023, he became the coach of the Premier League club Leeds United.
1982 births
Living people
English football managers
English-speaking world

Over two billion people speak English. It is the largest language by number of speakers. It is the fourth largest language by number of native speakers. What this mean is, English is the most widely spoken second language.
Overview
The United States of America is the largest English-speaking country, with 300 million native speakers. There are 60 million native speakers in the United Kingdom, 29 million in Canada, 25.1 million in Australia, 4.7 million in the Republic of Ireland, and 4.9 million in New Zealand.
In the European Union, English is one of 24 official languages and is widely used by institutions, and by almost all of the population as the native language in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is a second language in other member states.
Estimates that include second language speakers vary greatly, from 470 million to more than 2 billion. David Crystal calculates that, as of 2003, non-native speakers outnumbered native speakers by a ratio of 3 to 1.p69 When combining native and non-native speakers, English is the most widely spoken language worldwide.
Besides the main dialects of English, countries such as South Africa, India, Nigeria, the Philippines, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago have millions of native speakers of dialect continua. These versions range from English-based creole languages to Standard English. Other countries such as Ghana and Uganda also use English as their primary official languages.
India now claims to be the world's second-largest English-speaking country. The most reliable estimate is about 10% of its population or 125 million people, second only to the US. It may be four times larger in the next decade from 2012.
Countries by English-speaking percentage
Below is a list of some countries by the rank proficiency in English (listed alphabetically), according to the English Proficiency Index.
Europe
Very high
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
Germany
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
High
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Estonia
France
Greece
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Switzerland
Moderate
Albania
Belarus
Georgia
Italy
Moldova
Russia
Spain
Ukraine
Low
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Turkey
South America
Very high
Guyana
High
Bolivia
Chile
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Honduras
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Moderate
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Guatemala
Nicaragua
Panama
Venezuela
Low
Ecuador
Haiti
Mexico
Asia
Very high
Iran
Lebanon
Singapore
High
Bahrain
Kuwait
Malaysia
Philippines
Qatar
United Arab Emirates
Moderate
China
Hong Kong (China)
India
Iraq
Jordan
Macau (China)
Oman
Saudi Arabia
South Korea
Low
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Japan
Mongolia
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Syria
Vietnam
Very low
Afghanistan
Cambodia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Myanmar
Tajikistan
Thailand
Uzbekistan
Yemen
Africa
Very high
South Africa
High
Kenya
Nigeria
Moderate
Ghana
Tunisia
Low
Algeria
Egypt
Ethiopia
Madagascar
Morocco
Mozambique
Tanzania
Very low
Angola
Cameroon
Democratic Republic of Congo
Ivory Coast
Libya
Rwanda
Somalia
South Sudan
Sudan
References
English language
South Bethany, Delaware

South Bethany is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Towns in Sussex County, Delaware
Arrondissement of Annecy

The arrondissement of Annecy is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Haute-Savoie departement, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region. Its capital, and the prefecture of the department, is the city of Annecy.
History
When the Haute-Savoie department was created in 1860, the arrondissement of Annecy was part of that original department.
Geography
The arrondissement of Annecy is bordered to the northwest by the arrondissement of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, to the northeast by the arrondissement of Bonneville, and to the south by the Savoie department.
It is the most southern arrondissement of the department and is the second largest arrondissement with an area of , but the first in population, with 276,382 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km2.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Annecy, there are 7 cantons:
Annecy-1 (7401)
Annecy-2 (7402)
Annecy-le-Vieux (7403)
Faverges (7408) (partly)
La Roche-sur-Foron (7411) (partly)
Rumilly (7412)
Seynod (7416)
Communes
The arrondissement of Annecy has 80 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Alby-sur-Cheran (74002)
Alex (74003)
Alleves (74004)
Annecy (74010)
Argonay (74019)
La Balme-de-Sillingy (74026)
La Balme-de-Thuy (74027)
Bloye (74035)
Bluffy (74036)
Le Bouchet-Mont-Charvin (74045)
Boussy (74046)
Chainaz-les-Frasses (74054)
Chapeiry (74061)
La Chapelle-Saint-Maurice (74060)
Charvonnex (74062)
Chavanod (74067)
Chevaline (74072)
Choisy (74076)
Les Clefs (74079)
La Clusaz (74080)
Crempigny-Bonneguete (74095)
Cusy (74097)
Cuvat (74098)
Dingy-Saint-Clair (74102)
Doussard (74104)
Duingt (74108)
Entrevernes (74111)
Epagny-Metz-Tessy (74112)
Etercy (74117)
Faverges-Seythenex (74123)
Filliere (74282)
Giez (74135)
Le Grand-Bornand (74136)
Groisy (74137)
Gruffy (74138)
Hauteville-sur-Fier (74141)
Hery-sur-Alby (74142)
Lathuile (74147)
Leschaux (74148)
Lornay (74151)
Lovagny (74152)
Manigod (74160)
Marcellaz-Albanais (74161)
Marigny-Saint-Marcel (74165)
Massingy (74170)
Menthon-Saint-Bernard (74176)
Mesigny (74179)
Montagny-les-Lanches (74186)
Moye (74192)
Mures (74194)
Naves-Parmelan (74198)
Nonglard (74202)
Poisy (74213)
Quintal (74219)
Rumilly (74225)
Saint-Eustache (74232)
Saint-Eusebe (74231)
Saint-Felix (74233)
Saint-Ferreol (74234)
Saint-Jean-de-Sixt (74239)
Saint-Jorioz (74242)
Saint-Sylvestre (74254)
Sales (74255)
Sallenoves (74257)
Serraval (74265)
Sevrier (74267)
Sillingy (74272)
Talloires-Montmin (74275)
Thones (74280)
Thusy (74283)
Val-de-Chaise (74167)
Val-de-Fier (74274)
Vallieres (74289)
Vaulx (74292)
Versonnex (74297)
Veyrier-du-Lac (74299)
Les Villards-sur-Thones (74302)
Villaz (74303)
Villy-le-Pelloux (74307)
Viuz-la-Chiesaz (74310)
The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:
Related pages
Arrondissements of the Haute-Savoie department
List of arrondissements of France
References
Annecy
Montalto Uffugo

Montalto Uffugo is an Italian city in Calabria. About 20,000 people lived there.
Cities in Calabria
1910 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1910 Atlantic hurricane season was the period of 1910 when tropical storms formed. It happened during the summer and the first half of fall in 1910. The season was quiet, with only five known storms.
Storms
Tropical Storm One
The first storm formed on August 23. It hit Hispaniola as a weak tropical storm.
Tropical Storm Two
The second storm was another weak tropical storm that hit northeast Mexico.
Hurricane Three
The first hurricane of the season was a strong Category 2 storm. It moved through the Caribbean and Greater Antilles.
Hurricane Four
Another hurricane moved past Bermuda. It caused only minor damage.
Hurricane Five
The last storm was the strongest hurricane of the season. It was a strong Category 4 hurricane that moved through western Caribbean.
Related pages
List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
Other websites
Monthly Weather Review
1910
Atlantic hurricane season
Practice

Practice or practise (a verb form in British English) is the act of repeating a behavior over and over, or doing an activity again and again.
It is a way to learn things faster, by repeating them. For example, sport teams practice to prepare for real games, or a musician practices for some hours every day, so he can play perfectly in his concert.
A practice can also mean the way something is done, like in "medical practice".
Skills
Polk County, Iowa

Polk County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, 492,401 people lived there. It the most populous county in Iowa. The county seat is Des Moines,. Des Moines is also the capital city of Iowa. Polk County is one of the five counties that make up the Des Moines-West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Polk County was formed on January 13, 1846. It was named after President James K. Polk. The first courthouse was built in 1846. Construction of a second courthouse was begun in 1858. It was finished in 1866.
Geography
The county has a total area of . Of this, (or 96.19%) is land and (or 3.81%) is water. The county is bisected by the Des Moines River
Adjacent counties
Boone County (northwest)
Story County (north)
Jasper County (east)
Marion County (southeast)
Warren County (south)
Madison County (southwest)
Dallas County (west)
Communities
Cities
Unincorporated communities
References
Other websites
Polk County government's website
[Historic Polk County Church: Ankeny Christian Church, Dave Clark pastor]
Iowa counties
1846 establishments in Iowa Territory
Askim

Askim is a town and a municipality in Ostfold county, Norway. The centre of the municipality is the town of Askim. Askim was created as a municipality on 1 January 1838. Askim is the largest population centre in Indre Ostfold with 15,315 people living here (2012).
It lies next to the longest river in Norway, Glomma, which forms the border with Spydeberg to the north and west, and Skiptvet to the south.
Other websites
Municipal website
Municipalities of Norway
Towns in Norway
Wang Jingguang

Wang Jingguang (1968 - 21 December 2022) was a Chinese movie director.
Wang was most known in China as a film director of the movies Never Look Back and Lawless.
Jingguang died in on 21 December 2022, at the age of 54. According to the India Herald, he died from COVID-19. After his death, Weibo-users commemorated his legacy.
References
Chinese movie directors
1968 births
2022 deaths
Place of death missing
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Masakazu Senuma

is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|1998||3||0||||||||||||
|-
|1999||1||0||||||||||||
|-
|2000||Vissel Kobe||J. League 1||6||1||||||||||||
|-
|2001||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||3||0||||||||||||
13||1||||||||||||
13||1||||||||||||
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
State school

State schools usually mean primary or secondary schools which educate children without charge. They are funded in whole or part by taxation. The term may also refer to public institutions of post-secondary education. State schools have to follow the national curriculum for their country.
State schools may be called public schools outside of England and Wales.
By region or country
United States
In the United States, "state school" is colloquial for state university, a college, or a university in a state university system. "Public school" is used for elementary, middle, or high schools that get their money from the government or are run by the government. "Private school" is used for schools that do not get their money from the government, nor are they run by the government.
References
Other websites
Explanatory article at the Good Schools Guide
Public Education Network
Center on Reinventing Public Education
The Story of American Public Education
Public Education in the United States
History of Public Education in the United States
Types of educational institutions
Chandanapally

Chandanapally is a village in the Kodumon subdivision in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, India. The town is famous for St. George Catholic Church.
Health centre
The main hospital is Primary Health Center Chandanapally. There are three doctors available and 24 beds.
Educational institutions
Major educational institutions are
Rose Dale Residential Senior Secondary School
Chandanappally Government LP school
Vimalamatha LP School
Mar Baselious ITC.
Churches, Temples
There are several worship centres in this area including..
Chandanappally Valiyapally
St Thomas Orthodox Church
Airoorkara Temple
St. George Catholic Church
Kotta Palli
References
Villages in Pathanamthitta district
Akakor

Akakor is a fictional ancient underground city somewhere between Brazil and Peru.
The German journalist Karl Brugger described the city in his book The Chronicle of Akakor (1976). Information about the city is from an interview with Tatunca Nara, a Brazilian Indian. Tantunca Nara speaks about possible contact with extraterrestrials in the ancient past. He says these extraterrestrials are believed to have built this mysterious city. Two similar cities are mentioned in this book - Akanis and Akahim.
Later Rudiger Nehberg showed that Tatunca Nara was actually a German named Gunther Hauck.
Parts of the story from The Chronicle of Akakor were used in the movie Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.
References
Karl Brugger: Die Chronik von Akakor, Econ Publishers: Dusseldorf, Vienna, 1976
Other websites
The legend of Akakor
Article about underground secrets of South America
Cities in South America
Fictional locations
Dreamgirls

Dreamgirls is a musical. Tom Eyen wrote the book and lyrics. Henry Krieger wrote the music. The musical was loosely based upon The Supremes, The Shirelles, and other all-girl groups.
The musical premiered on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on 20 December 1981. It closed on 11 August 1985 after 1,521 performances. It was released as a feature-length movie in 2006.
Broadway musicals
1980s musicals
Musicals adapted to movies
1981 works
Tōgō Heihachirō

Togo Heihachiro (Japanese:Dong Xiang Ping Ba Lang , 27 January 1848 - 30 May 1934) was an admiral of the fleet in the Imperial Japanese Navy, he is well-known as one of the Japanese Navy Heroes.
References
1848 births
1934 deaths
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
Puisieux, Pas-de-Calais

Puisieux, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Roslyn, New York

Roslyn ( ) is a village in Nassau County, New York, on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the United States 2010 Census, the village population was 2,770. Roslyn was once called Hempstead Harbor, but its name changed to Roslyn on September 7, 1844.
References
Other websites
Roslyn, New York
Pictures and Info on Roslyn's Historic Estates
Villages in New York (state)
Rudolphina Menzel

Rudolphina Menzel (March 1, 1891-1973) was an Austrian-Jewish cynologist, or dog expert, and dog breeder. She created the dog breed called the Canaan dog. She founded the Palestinian Kennel Club (now the Israeli Kennel Club).
Early life
Menzel has been fascinated with dogs ever since she got bitten when she was four years old.
She rescued stray dogs from the streets but her parents consider dogs dirty and would not allow them in the house. She gave her allowance to her neighbors to take care of the stray dogs she rescued.
Career
At their villa in the 1920's the Menzels founded a dog training school. There Menzel and her husband studied dogs. Menzel trained common military breeds like German Shepards, Doberman pinschers, and Boxers.
She trained dogs to offer protection. She trained dogs for the German police and the German army. She specifically used Hebrew commands.
Menzel Bred her own dog called the Canaan dog. They were first found in the Israel Kennel club in 1953. Caanan dogs were bred from Pariah Dogs German Shepherds, Doberman Pinschers, and Boxers.
Menzel knew that dogs were used by police in Europe to hurt Jewish people. She was sad that Jewish people had become scared of dogs. Her goal for breeding dogs in Palestine was to bridge between the Jewish people and dogs.
Menzel's dogs can track and carry sent and messages over many kilometers. Menzel created the breed known as "Israel's national dog."
References
Her Majesty's Ship

HMS is an acronym (contraction) of Her Majesty's Ship. It refers to ships of the Royal Navy. It is the official prefix of Royal Navy ship names since 1789. Versions of HMS are used in those Commonwealth countries where the British monarch is still the head of state. So, for example, HMNZS is the prefix for the Royal New Zealand Navy.
There are some similar designations. RMS designates a ship which officially transports mail for the United Kingdom. Other countries with monarchs use the same kind of system, and almost all countries have a prefix system for their ships.
References
Royal Navy
Kuni-no-Tokotachi

Kuni no Tokotachi is a prominent god in shinto. He emerged from a reed
Yoshida Kanetomo, who created the Yoshida Shinto sect, said that Kuninotokotachi was the same as and thought that he was the first and most important god of the Universe.
Other pages
Kamiyonanayo
Sources
Other websites
Encyclopedia of Shinto - http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp
Kunitokotachi on the Japanese History Database.
Gods and goddesses of Japan
Articles containing Japanese-language text
La Chapelle-Yvon

La Chapelle-Yvon is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valorbiquet.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Everything's Gonna Be Great

Everything's Gonna Be Great () is a 1998 Turkish black comedy movie directed by Omer Vargi and starring Cem Yilmaz, Mazhar Alanson, Ceyda Duvenci, Selim Nasit Ozcan, Mustafa Uzunyilmaz, Adnan Tonel.
Other websites
1998 comedy movies
1990s black comedy movies
Turkish movies
Movies set in Istanbul
Movies directed by Omer Vargi
Scalpel

A scalpel is a very sharp knife, made to be used for surgery. Scalpels were developed for cutting through tissue. In 2013, most scalpels used for surgery had blades which are only used once. The blade is replaced after use. Sometimes, the lower part of the scalpel is re-used. The blades are made of different kinds of metal or steel. In some cases, titanium, diamond or obsidian are used. Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetism to generate an image. This means that people performing operations in such an environment cannot use metal tools. In some cases, scalpels are replaced with lasers, or with electrocautery. Ancient Egyptian medicine used scalpels for enbalming; the material used was obsidian, it is still in use today. Medicine in ancient Rome used over 150 different tools, among them, the scalpel.
References
Medical equipment
Cutting tools
Black Mountain (Kentucky)

Black Mountain is a mountain in Kentucky. It is the highest mountain peak in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, USA. The height of the summit is . It is near the Virginia border. Black bears and lions live on the mountain.
References
Mountains of the United States
Geography of Kentucky
Appalachian Mountains
Perl

Perl is a programming language invented by Larry Wall to process text. The programming language has been changed many times to do some other things. Some of these things are tasks like making web pages show information in a better way than before, or take information and show it in a way that makes more sense to people. Perl code is written using some symbols besides letters and numbers.
Usage
Perl is very good at searching through text looking for patterns, which lets people find words that they may be looking for, or also let people find words they are looking for, and change them with different words much more quickly than they would if they had to do it one word at a time.
Perl is also a high-level programming language. A high-level language has advanced features which let the programmer tell the computer what to do without having to worry about how the computer is going to do it as compared to low-level programming languages which often require more programmer effort.
Example
An example Hello World program in Perl:
say 'Hello World!'
You can use variables in Perl.
A variable is a box where you can put items. In Perl, some variables starts with their own sigil. A sigil is the way to tell the Perl interpreter about what type of variable you are using. Variables can be scalar, array, hash, handle, regular expression, typeglob or subroutine.
For example:
my $a_scalar = 2;
my $b = 5.29 ;
my $c = "a string";
my $d = 'another';
my @e = ($b,3,4,$c,$d);
my %f = ('a'=>$b,'cad'=>'pqr',$c=>$d);
Perl packages
The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network, aka CPAN, hosts a large number of extensions to Perl which may be downloaded for free.
References
Other websites
Perl.org
CPAN
The Perl Foundation
Object-oriented programming languages
Cross-platform software
Functional languages
Saint-Hubert

Saint-Hubert is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 5737 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 01 North, 05deg 22 East.
References
Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Electoral district of Kaurna

Kaurna is an electoral district of South Australia. It was created in 1993.
Kaurna is in Adelaide.
Election results
References
Kaurna
Lou Diamond Phillips

Louis Diamond Phillips (ne Upchurch; born February 17, 1962) is a Filipino-American actor and movie director. He is known for his role as Ritchie Valens in the biographical drama movie La Bamba (1987).
References
1962 births
Living people
Filipino actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American movie directors
American television directors
Actors from Texas
People from Corpus Christi, Texas
Jharia coalfield

Jharia coalfield is a large coal field in Jharia, Jharkhand, in the east of India. Jharia has the largest coal reserves in India with an estimated 19.4 billion tonnes of coking coal.
A lot of the local population work at Jharia coalfield.
References
1890s establishments in Asia
Coal mining
Jharkhand