pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
4 (Beyoncé album)

4 is the fourth studio album by American singer Beyonce. It was released June 24, 2011. Seven singles were released from the album. "Run the World (Girls)" was the first single from the album. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 8 out of 10.
The single "Love on Top" won the Best Traditional R&B Performance Award at the Grammy Awards. The album has sold three million copies. The third song on the album "I Miss You" was written by Frank Ocean.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Monthly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
References
2011 albums
Beyonce albums
Funk albums
R&B albums
Columbia Records albums
Lviv

Lviv () is the capital city of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine. 860,000 people live in Lviv. 88% of the people living there are Ukrainian, 8% are Russian, and 1% are Polish. An extra 200,000 people commute to Lviv every day for work.
During the city's history, it was ruled by many countries. When part of Poland it was called Lwow (pronounced and sometimes spelled Lvov). In German, it was known as Lemberg, that was part of the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian Empires and again under Nazi German occupation. From 1350 until 1772 it belonged to the Kingdom of Poland and from 1918 to 1939 to the Republic of Poland.
References
1240s establishments in Europe
Capital cities in Europe
Piero Gobetti

Piero Gobetti (; June 19, 1901, Turin - February 15, 1926, Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a young journalist, intellectual, and radical liberal person. He was a very active critic during the years of crisis in Italy after the First World War and during the early years of Fascist rule. He had to leave Italy and settled down in Paris, where he soon died. He died because his health was bad, after the Fascists had terrorized him.
Italian people
Italian journalists
1901 births
1926 deaths
Donald II of Scotland

Donald II was king of the Picts and the last to be officially named that, although Constantine II claimed to be king of the Picts, in reality he ruled the newly founded Alban kingdom. He ascended to the throne in 889 after the abdication/deposition of Giric and disputably Giric. He was the son of Constantine I, king from 862-877. Donald died in 900 and was buried in Iona, Scotland.
Birth
The exact date of his birth is unknown but thought to be around c. 862, when the reign of his father Constantine I began, after the death of Donald I, the previous of his name.
Reign
Donald's reign began in 889 after the end of Giric and Eochaid's reigns. His reign lasted for 11 years when he died in 900. He was succeeded by Constantine II, even though he had 2 children. Malcolm I of Scotland and NN mac Causantin.
Death
It is unknown how Donald died but it happened in 900, 11 years after the start of his reign.
Marriage?
Donald possibly married Sigurda Mac Causantin sometime between 880-900 giving him his 2 children, 1 of whom would go on to rule Alba later on.
References
Kings and Queens of Scotland
860s births
900 deaths
9th century in Scotland
Siegbert Tarrasch

Siegbert Tarrasch (Breslau, now Wroclaw, 5 March 1862 - Munich, 17 February 1934) was a German doctor, and one of the strongest chess grandmasters of the day.
Tarrasch was born in Breslau, in Prussian Silesia. He left in 1880 to study medicine, and qualified as a physician. He lived most of his life in Nuremberg, Bavaria, and later in Munich. Tarrasch was born Jewish, and converted to Christianity in 1909. He was a patriotic German, who lost a son in World War I, but he faced antisemitism in the early stages of Nazism.
Tarrasch won more strong tournaments in the 1890s than any other player, and drew a 22-game match against Mikhail Chigorin, the leading Russian player. Tarrasch was also an influential chess writer, who summarised the chess ideas of the 1890s. It was his ideas against which the hypermoderns reacted in the early 1920s.p411
Occupied with his profession, Tarrasch did not challenge Steinitz, and turned down the young Emanuel Lasker's request for a match. This turned out to be a mistake, for Lasker then challended Steinitz, and won the world chess championship. Later Tarrasch unsuccessfully challenged Lasker for the world championship, in 1908. He was by then past his best, though he continued to play in tournaments for many years. His best result in later years was to reach the final pool in the strong St. Petersburg 1914 tournament. He came fourth, behind Lasker, Capablanca and Alekhine.
Chess author
Tarrasch was a highly esteemed chess writer. His Dreihundert Schachpartien (1895; 300 chess games) was a landmark; it was the first 'best game collection' with in-depth annotations. The notes were readable and could be understood by ordinary players. This led to his being described as the praeceptor mundi, which is Latin for 'teacher of the world'. The book was called by the American grandmaster Reuben Fine "One of the monuments of our game".f/w
Tarrasch regularly wrote tournament reports and notes for games in the Deutsch Schachzeitung, the German-language chess magazine. These annotations were read throughout the world, since that was the leading chess magazine of the day.
In his later elementary textbook The game of chess (1931) he wrote
"Chess, like love, like music, has the power to make men happy".
References
Other websites
Capablanca on Tarrasch and other players
1862 births
1934 deaths
German chess players
German doctors
Jewish German writers
Jewish sportspeople
People from former German territories
People from Wroclaw
Moirangmayum

Moirangmayum is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
References
Meitei surnames
Senate (Jordan)

The Senate of Jordan is the upper house of the Jordanian parliament which, along with the House of Representatives forms the legislature of Jordan.
All the Senate members of the country are chosen by the king of Jordan, but must follow the terms from Constitution of Jordan. The Speaker of the Senate has a term of two years which can be renewed. A Member of the Senate though has a term of four years which can also be renewable as well.
The decisions they make are determined by the number of votes, not including the Speaker. But if there is a tie in the votes the Speaker may take a vote.
References
Politics of Jordan
Jordan
Organizations based in Jordan
Irene Hirano

Irene Hirano Inouye (nee Yasutake; October 7, 1948 - April 7, 2020) was an American business executive. She was a sansei, or a third-generation Japanese-American. She was the founding president of the U.S.-Japan Council from 2009 until her death in 2020. She also served as president and founding chief executive officer of the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles, California from 1988 to 2008.
Hirano was born in Los Angeles. She married Hawaii Senator Daniel Inouye in 2008. The couple were together until Inouye's death in 2012. Hirano died of leiomyosarcoma on April 7, 2020, in Los Angeles. She was 71.
References
2020 deaths
1948 births
Deaths from leiomyosarcoma
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
American chief executives
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Goaria language

Goaria is a Marwari Rajasthani language spoken by some 25,000 people in Sindh Province, of Pakistan. The people are predominantly Hindu, and use the Hindi language for worship.
References
Languages of Sindh
Indo-Aryan languages
Fenrir

In Norse mythology, Fenrir (Old Norse: "he who dwells in the marshes"), also known as Fenrisulfr (Old Norse: "Fenrir's wolf"), or Vanargand ("Monster of the River Van"), is a giant, monstrous wolf, son of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, and the brother of Hel and Jormungandr.
Fenrir was tied up by the gods but was destined to break free from his bonds and devour Odin during Ragnarok, after which he is killed by Odin's son, Vidarr.
Fenrir has two sons, Hati ('hate') and Skoll.
The Legend of Fenrir
Odin found out about a prophecy that the children of Loki and Angora would cause trouble for the gods. He had Fenrir brought to him along with its brother Jormungandr and its sister Hel.
After throwing Jormungandr into the sea and sending Hel into the land of the dead, Odin had the wolf raised among the AEsir. Only the god Tyr was brave enough to feed the growing monster. The wolf got stronger and stronger. The gods were scared that he would eventually destroy them. They tried to chain it up. He agreed to be chained two times. Both times he easily broke the chains.
Odin had the dwarfs make the chain Gleipnir ("deceiver" or "entangler"). It looked like a silken ribbon but was made of six magical ingredients: the sound of a cat's step, the beard of a woman, the roots of a mountain, bear's sensibility, fish's breath, and bird's spittle.
The gods challenged Fenrir to break this chain as well. The wolf saw how thin and well made Gleipnir was and thought it was a trick. He agreed to try and break the chain, but only if one of the gods would put his hand in the wolf's mouth. He believed this would force them to free him if he could not break the chain. Only Tyr was willing to put his hand in the wolf's mouth. Fenrir tried to break the chain. The more he tried, the tighter the chain held him. When the gods would not free him, the wolf bit off Tyr's hand at the wrist.
It is said that at Ragnarok, the wolf will break free. He will join forces with the enemies of the gods and will then eat Odin. After that Vidarr, Odin's son, will slay the wolf to avenge his father's death.
Other names and spellings
Fenrisulfr
Vanargand, (anglicized), "Monster of The River"
Hrodvitnir, 'the famous wolf'
Fenris Wolf (an English translation of Fenrisulfr)
Fenrisulf (an Anglicized form)
Fenris (not found in the Old Norse sources)
Fenrisulven (modern Norwegian, Swedish and Danish form)pir
Fenrisulvur (Faroese)
Norse mythology
Legendary creatures
Decapitation

Decapitation or beheading is the act of cutting off the head from the rest of the body of a living thing. Beheading usually means that the removal of the head is deliberate. It is generally done during an execution with an axe, sword, or guillotine. If the removal of the head is an accident or unintentional, it is called decapitation. It can happen because of an auto accident, explosion, factory accident, a mistake during a hanging or some other violent accident.
Decapitation is always fatal, that is, the result is always death. This is because it causes all other organs to stop receiving nervous signals from the brain that are needed to function, while the supply of blood, and therefore oxygen, to the brain itself is also cut off.
Decapitation can also describe the removal of a head from a body that is already dead. In these situations, the head is usually a trophy or a public display of warning.
Beheading was the usual means of death penalty in Scandinavian countries in the past. Noblemen were beheaded with a sword, commoners with an axe. The last execution by beheading in Finland occurred in 1822, when a farmhand Tahvo Putkonen was beheaded for murder. The last beheading in Sweden occurred in 1910, when Johan Andersson-Ander was guillotined for murder. Also Germany, France and Belgium favoured beheading in the past. In those countries was carried out by guillotine.
Last beheading in Europe occurred 1977, when a Tunisian murderer Hamida Djandoubi was guillotined in France.
Some countries, especially Arab countries or former French colonies, still use beheading as the means of execution. In Saudi Arabia, the convicts are beheaded with a sword.
The executioner who performs beheadings is called a headsman.
History
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia has had centuries of public beheadings, but in 2013 is considering firing squads as an alternative means of execution.
Famous people who have been beheaded
Biblical
Goliath
John the Baptist in the Gospels
Holofernes in the Book of Judith
Apostle James, traditionally
Apostle Paul, traditionally
China
Guan Yu
England
Anne Boleyn (1536)
Catherine Howard (1542)
Lady Jane Grey (1554)
Mary, Queen of Scots (1587)
Sir Walter Raleigh (1618)
Charles I, King of England and Scotland (1649)
Blackbeard (1718)
The Colonial Americas
Panama: Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1519)
Frisia
Wijerd Jelckama
French Revolution
Marie Antoinette
Louis XVI of France
Madame du Barry
Maximilien Robespierre
Iraq
Shosei Koda
Kim Sun-il
Kenneth Bigley
Nick Berg
Eugene Armstrong
Jack Hensley
Maher Kemal
Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti
Switzerland
Wildhans von Breitenlandenberg and 61 companions following the siege of Greifensee during the Old Zurich War (1444).
Saudi Arabia
Paul Marshall Johnson, Jr.
Related pages
Execution
Guillotine
References
Capital punishment
Barcelona Cathedral

The Cathedral of Santa Eulalia is the Gothic cathedral of Barcelona, where they discriminate against people because they don't let anyone wearing a miniskirt or tank top, despite having paid for a ticket. The cathedral was constructed from the 13th to the 15th century. There was a Visigothic church there before. The Gothic-like facade is from the 19th century.
The cathedral is dedicated to Eulalia of Barcelona, co-patron saint of Barcelona. According to Catholic tradition, Eulalia was a young virgin who suffered martyrdom during Roman times in Barcelona. The body of Saint Eulalia is entombed in the cathedral's crypt.
One side chapel is dedicated to "Christ of Lepanto", and contains a cross from a ship that fought at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). The body of the cross is shifted to the right. Catalan legend says that the body swerved to avoid getting hit by a cannonball.
The cathedral has a secluded Gothic cloister where thirteen white geese are kept (it is said that Eulalia was 13 when she was murdered).
Images
References
Other websites
Official site
Overview, with plan
Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain
Buildings and structures in Barcelona
14th-century buildings and structures
Vuisternens-en-Ogoz

Vuisternens-en-Ogoz was a municipality of the district Saane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Corpataux-Magnedens, Farvagny, Le Glebe, Rossens and Vuisternens-en-Ogoz merged to form the new municipality of Gibloux.
References
Other websites
Former municipalities of Fribourg
Perforated pipe

Perforated pipe is a pipe fitting that is made from perforated sheet and is often used as filter tubes but also used for various installments. It comes in various forms, mostly round and square sections.
Engineering
19 (album)

19 is the first album by Adele. It was released on 28 January 2008. It went straight to number one in the United Kingdom's record charts. The album was produced by Jim Abbiss, Mark Ronson, and Eg White.
Track listing
"Daydreamer"
"Best for Last"
"Chasing Pavements"
"Cold Shoulder"
"Crazy for You"
"Melt My Heart to Stone"
"First Love"
"Right as Rain"
"Make You Feel Me Love"
"My Same"
"Tired"
"Hometown Glory"
Credits and personnel
Vocals - Adele
References
2008 albums
Adele albums
Soul albums
Debut albums
Folk albums
Pop albums
Rock albums
Columbia Records albums
Galaga

Galaga is a sci-fi arcade game released by Namco in 1981. It is the sequel to Galaxian. In this game, the player controls a spaceship and shoots enemies coming down in different directions.
The game was published by Chunsoft and developed by Namco.
More Reading
Sellers, John (2001). Arcade Fever: The Fan's Guide to the Golden Age of Video Games. Running Press, 160 pages. .
Other websites
Galaga at the Killer List of Videogames
Galaga at the Arcade History database
1981 video games
Arcade games
Game Boy Color games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Virtual Console games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
Namco video games
Februus

Februus is the god of purification in Roman mythology and god of the underworld in Etruscan mythology. A festival named Februalia was celebrated for his honour in Ancient Rome. The month of February is named after Februus.
Roman gods and goddesses
Etruscan gods and goddesses
Gods and goddesses of the underworld
Baldenheim

Baldenheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Altafulla

Altafulla is a municipality in the comarca of the Tarragones in Catalonia, Spain.
Twin town
Roviano, Italy
References
Municipalities in Catalonia
2010 US Open – Wheelchair Men's Singles

Shingo Kunieda, defended his 2009 title after Nicolas Peifer withdrew from the final.
Seeds
Shingo Kunieda (Champion)
Maikel Scheffers (Semifinals)
Draw
Finals
Other websites
Official site of US Open
Wheelchair Men's Singles
pl:US Open 2010#Gra pojedyncza mezczyzn na wozkach
Emperor Sushun

was the 32nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign started in 587 and ended in 592. Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Sushun to be possibly legendary, but probable. The name Sushun-tenno was created for him posthumously by later generations.
The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.
Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, this prince's personal name (imina) was Hatsusebe-shinno, also known as Hatsusebe no Waka-sazaki. His name at birth was Hatsusebe no Miko (Chang Gu Bu Huang Zi ).
Sushun was the twelfth son of Emperor Kimmei. His mother was , a daughter of Soga no Iname, who was the chief of the Soga clan.
Sushun had one Empress and two Imperial children.
Events of Sushun's life
587: In the 2nd year of Yomei's reign, he died. The succession was received by a younger half-brother who would become known as Emperor Sushun. This was confirmed in ceremonies.
592: Sushun's reign lasted for five years before his death at the age of 72.
The emperor's first minister was his powerful uncle, Soga no Umako. Sushun planned to remove the head of the Soga clan from his office. When the plan was discovered, Umako ordered someone to murder Sushun. In the early history of Japan, this is the second time that an emperor is murdered.
After his death
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Sushun.
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (kofun). Sushun is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) which is associated with the burial mound.
Related pages
Emperor of Japan
List of emperors of Japan
Japanese imperial family tree
References
520s births
592 deaths
Emperors of Japan
1980 Formula One season

The 1980 Formula One season was the 31st of the championship. The champion was Alan Jones.
Related pages
Formula 1
Formula One seasons
1980 in sports
Benzie County, Michigan

Benzie County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 17,970 people live here. The county seat is Beulah.
References
1860s establishments in Michigan
1869 establishments in the United States
Michigan counties
Avram Glazer

Avram Glazer (born October 19, 1960 in Rochester, New York) is the joint-chairman of Manchester United Football Club with his brother Joel.
Glazer lives in New Orleans with his wife and their two children. He is a son of Malcolm Glazer.
References
1960 births
Living people
American billionaires
American chief executives
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Avram
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish billionaires
Jewish businesspeople
People from Rochester, New York
Sportspeople from New York (state)
Lutzenberg

Lutzenberg is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Steakhouse

A steakhouse, steak house, or chophouse refers to a restaurant that specializes in steaks and chops. They are found mainly in North America. Modern steakhouses may also carry other cuts of meat including poultry, roast prime rib, and veal, as well as fish and other seafood.
History
Chophouses started in London in the 1690s and served individual portions of meat, known as chops. The traditional nature of the food served was maintained through the later 19th century despite the new cooking styles from the Continent, which were becoming fashionable. The houses were normally only open for men.
The steakhouse started in the United States in the mid-19th century as a development from traditional inns and bars. Steakhouses can be casual or formal fine dining restaurants.
The oldest chophouse in London Simpson's Tavern is regarded as an institution of London and retains its 19th century decor. The oldest continuously operating steakhouse in the United States is the Old Homestead Steakhouse in New York City, established in 1868. Prior to that there were chophouses in New York City such as Cobweb Hall, owned by David Pattullo, which was known for their mutton chops and offered additional menu options such as beefsteaks, lamb kidneys, bacon, and potatoes.
Today, steakhouses are found throughout the USA.
References
Restaurants
Biggsville, Illinois

Biggsville is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Ida Vitale

Ida Vitale (born November 2, 1923) is a Uruguayan writer, poet, translator and literary critic. In 2018, she was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize. Vitale fled to Mexico City in 1973 for political asylum after a military junta took power in Uruguay. She played an important role in the Uruguayan art movement known as the 'Generation of 45'.
References
1923 births
Living people
Writers from Montevideo
Uruguayan translators
Uruguayan poets
Uruguayan activists
Canada Border Services Agency

The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) () is the Canadian government agency with a duty to act as border guards and customs services.
The agency was started on December 12, 2003 (the same day Paul Martin became Prime Minister of Canada), by an order-in-council joining Canada Customs with border and law enforcement agents from the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).
Related pages
Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
CANPASS
Notes
Other websites
Canada Border Services Agency Official site
Border Crossing Information
Border Crossing Information (French)
Smart Border 30-Point Action Plan
Canada Nexus Border crossing system Educational Video - ID Cards RFID Chips
Integrated Border Enforcement Teams
IBETs 2006 Joint Cross-Border Operations
CBSA Detector Dog Service
Chapter 5--Keeping the Border Open and Secure--Canada Border Services Agency
Be Aware and Declare! What you can and cannot bring into Canada
Border Services Agency
Canada
Border Services Agency
Law of Canada
Beekeeping

Beekeeping or apiculture is the farming of honeybees.
Uses
The keeping of bees is usually, and has been in the past, for honey. That is becoming less true. Instead, it is more used for crop pollination and other products. These are wax and propolis.
There is only one queen bee in each hive and she is bigger than the rest. She lays all the eggs, which makes all the other bees in the hive her daughters and sons. However, they do not control the hive.
Types of beekeeping
The largest beekeeping operations are agricultural businesses that are operated for profit. Some people also have small beekeeping operations that they do as a hobby. Urban beekeeping is a growing trend, and some have found that "city bees" are actually healthier than "rural bees" because there are fewer pesticides and greater biodiversity.
Threats
Colony Collapse Disorder is a growing problem, along with mites.
References
Dove Lake (Tasmania)

Dove Lake is a small glacial lake in Tasmania, Australia. It is in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park which is part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. Dove Lake is at the foot of Cradle Mountain. There is a 5.7 km walk around the lake, which has been described as one of the most popular wilderness walks in Tasmania. The lake covers an area of about 85 hectares, and is about 60 metres deep.
References
Dove
Protected areas of Tasmania
Tasmanian Wilderness
Sargodha Division

Sargodha Division () is an administrative division of four districts of the Punjab Province of Pakistan
Before October 1988, divisional system was abolished by the reforms of 2000 the third tier of government.
Divisions of British India
Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Vaccinium vitis-idaea (also called lingonberry, partridgeberry, mountain cranberry or cowberry) is a small evergreen shrub from the heather family that makes edible fruits.
Berries
Vaccinium
UEFA Euro 2028

The UEFA Euro 2028 (officially the 2028 UEFA European Football Championship) will be the 18th UEFA European Football Championship tournament.
Host selection
These countries will officially try to become the hosts of the tournament:
Together the countries of , , , and - They also will try to host the 2030 FIFA World Cup.
- This will be Turkey's 6th consecutive try to host the tournament.
and - The Spanish and Portuguese authorities have expressed their interest to co-host the final tournament .
References
UEFA European Championship tournaments
2020s in association football
2020s in Europe
Scheduled association football competitions
2028
Rik Battaglia

Rik Battaglia (Caterino Bertaglia; 18 February 1927 - 27 March 2015) was an Italian movie actor. He was born at Corbola, near Rovigo, Veneto. He was known for his roles in Old Shatterhand (1963), Die Pyramide des Sonnengottes (1965), Das Vermachtnis des Inka (1965), Black Jack (1968), Winnetou und sein Freund Old Firehand, Winnetou und Shatterhand im Tal der Toten (1968), White Fang (1973), Challenge to White Fang (1974) in and A Man Called Blade (1977).
Other websites
1927 births
2015 deaths
Italian movie actors
People from Veneto
Torralba, Sardinia

Torralba (Turalva) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 974 people lived there. Its area is 36.5 km2. It is 435 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Suleiman Frangieh

Suleiman Kabalan Frangieh, last name also spelled Frangie, Franjieh, or Franjiyeh (15 June 1910 - 23 July 1992) (), was the president of the Lebanese Republic from 1970 to 1976.
His reign witnessed 7 governments headed by 6 different presidents: Saeb Salam (twice), Amin Al-Hafiz, Taqi Al-Din Al-Solh, Rashid Al-Solh, Noureddin Al-Rifai, Rashid Karami. His reign also witnessed the beginning of the Lebanese civil war in April 1975.
The Lebanese National Movement opposed him and demanded his resignation.
On January 24, 1976, 66 deputies signed a petition asking him to resign, but he rejected it, insisting on ending his term.
He died in Zgharta, July 23, 1992.
1910 births
1992 deaths
Presidents of Lebanon
Hattingen

Hattingen an der Ruhr is a city about 60,000 people in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It belongs to the Ruhr area. It is south of Bochum and Essen. Very famous is its Altstadt.
References
Other websites
Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
Christopher Martin

Christopher Martin (15821621) was a merchant by trade. He along with his family traveled on the Mayflower in 1620.
Martin, wife Mary, son Nathaniel and step-son Solomon all came from Billericay in Essex England.
The family did not believe in the Church of England. In 1612, Martin and his wife would not take Holy Communion. Another time, Nathaniel and Solomon made the Church Vicar angry with during a service. Martin got into trouble because he would not give church officials the financial accounts he kept.
Martin and his family joined a Separatist church. They all wanted to go to the New World. Martin sold his property and bought passage on the ship.
The people asked Martin to help them by buying supplies. He did not spent the money wisely. He purchased things like beer, wine, salted beef and pork, dried peas, fishing supplies, muskets, armor, clothing, tools, and other things to trade with the Native Americans. One thing he purchased, the screw-jack, would be very useful to keep the Mayflower from sinking.
Voyage
There were two ships going to Virginia Colony, the Speedwell and the Mayflower. Martin was assigned to be the leader of the passengers on the Speedwell but the ship needed repairs. A fellow passenger and official of the trip, Robert Cushman said, that Martin will not listen to them, nor allow them to go ashore in case they should run away. Some of the passengers quit the voyage to return to London and lost much or all of their money. Others boarded the Mayflower which became very crowded.
Christopher Martin left on Mayflower in company with his wife Mary, his servant John Langmore and his stepson Solomon Prower. Nathaniel Martin stayed in England.
The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30-40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower spotted land. The Mayflower was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor. They landed on 21 November. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. Christopher Martin signed the Mayflower Compact. His step-son and his servant were too young to sign.
In Plymouth Colony
When the Mayflower was docked in the Harbor, Martin and other men went to land to find a place where they all could live.
In the winter of 1621 Martin, his wife, son and servant became ill and died.
Martin and his wife Mary were buried in the Cole's Hill Burial Ground, Plymouth.
There is a plaque in the United Reform Church in England to honor the Mayflower passengers. The plaque names Christopher Martin, Marie (Mary) Martin, Solomon Prower and John Langerman.
References
Further reading
Robert C. Anderson. The Great Migration Begins. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1995.
Robert C. Anderson. The Pilgrim Migration. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2004.
R. J. Carpenter. Christopher Martin, Great Burstead and The Mayflower. Chelmsford, Essex, 1982.
Mayflower passengers
1580s births
1621 deaths
People buried in Cole's Hill
Right whale

The right whales (Eubalaena spp.), also known as the black whales are baleen whales with bow-shaped lower jaw and a head that is up to one-quarter of the body length. The head is hairier than most whales; up to 300 hairs are found on the tip of the lower jaw and 100 are on the upper jaw. There are also callosities (a series of horny growths) behind the blowhole, on the chin, above the eyes, on the lower lip, and on the rostrum (the beak-like upper jaw).
Description
Right whales are similar to bowhead whales, but smaller. These whales are rich in blubber and have 2 blowholes. The eyes are very small and lips are large. Right whales were named by whalers who considered them the "right" whales to hunt, since they were rich in blubber, they were easy to catch (they are relatively slow swimmers) and they floated after being killed.
History
Hunters needed the right whale's blubber for meat, because blubber could be boiled to make oil.
The right whale's name came from hunters, who thought that they were the "right" whales to hunt. This was because they had lots of blubber. They were also easy to catch (because they were relatively slow swimmers) and they floated on the surface of the water after being killed. Because of these things, right whales are the most endangered of the great whales.
References
Baleen whales
Grant County, Indiana

Grant County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 70,061 people lived there. The county seat is Marion.
References
19th-century establishments in Indiana
1831 establishments in the United States
Indiana counties
Nampa, Idaho

Nampa is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
1886 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Idaho Territory
Criss Angel Mindfreak

Criss Angel Mindfreak is an American television program. The program is hosted by illusionist Criss Angel. Angel performs many different types of stunts and illusions on the program such as street magic, levitation, and setting himself on fire. The program was first shown on July 20, 2005. It is shown and distributed by the A&E network.
Other websites
Official Criss Angel website
Official Criss Angel Mindfreak TV Series website at A&E
Titles & Air Dates Guide of Criss Angel Mindfreak at epguides.com
2005 American television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American reality television series
Magic
English-language television programs
Loray

Loray is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
The neighbouring communes are Domprel, Flangebouche, Grandfontaine-sur-Creuse, Orchamps-Vennes, Plaimbois-Vennes, La Sommette and Vennes.
References
Communes in Doubs
Herriman, Utah

Herriman is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States.
Cities in Utah
Mysterious Discovery

Mysterious Discovery () is a 1953 Soviet family movie directed by Boris Buneev. It stars Aleksey Alekseev, Igor Bezyayev, and B. Dorochov.
Actors
Aleksey Alekseev as Stepan Golovin
Igor Bezyayev as Nikanor Sarvanov
B. Dorochov as Andrei
Mikhail Gluzsky as Segey Chernyshev
Nikolay Grabbe as British lieutenant
Valentin Grachyov as Vasia Golovin
References
Other websites
1953 movies
1950s family movies
Soviet family movies
Movies directed by Boris Buneev
Supreme People's Assembly

The Supreme People's Assembly (SPA; ) is the unicameral legislature of North Korea. It is made up of one deputy from each of the DPRK's 687 constituencies. They are elected to five-year terms.
References
North Korea
Politics of North Korea
Unicameral legislatures
Hero

A hero () in Greek mythology is a demigod, a half-god/half-human being. Herakles, for example, was the son of the god Zeus and the mortal woman Alkmene. Heroes performed extraordinary feats and were worshipped in hero cults.
The word hero comes from the Greek eros (heros), "hero" (literally "protector" or "defender"), particularly one such as Heracles with divine ancestry or later given divine honors.
In the modern world, hero has lost its ancient meaning. It now means someone who is courageous ("The firefighter who saved my baby is a hero."). Heroes are "heroic", they have "heroism". They help in saving people or a society from bad people, villains, or natural disasters. A hero can also be someone who is helpful, polite, or helping people who need it. The word is used in the sports world to mean an extraordinary player or athlete ("football hero", "Olympic hero", etc.). The female equivalent of the male hero is the "heroine".
Sometimes, the protagonist (or main character) of a story is called the "hero" of the story. Some fictional characters are superheroes.
The opposite of a hero is a villain. A female such as Joan of Arc is a heroine
References
Virtues
Greek mythology
Ștefan Tașnadi

Stefan Tasnadi (Hungarian: Istvan Tasnadi, 21 March 1953 - 28 February 2018) was a Romanian heavyweight weightlifter. He won a silver medal at the 1984 Olympics. He was born in Cluj, Romania. Tasnadi took up lifting in 1970 at a sports school and from 1976 to 1984 was a member of the national team. He retired in 1984 to become a weightlifting coach.
Tasnadi died on 28 February 2018 in Cluj Napoca at the age of 65.
References
Other websites
1953 births
2018 deaths
Romanian weightlifters
Romanian Olympic silver medalists
Morena Tartagni

Milena Morena Tartagni (born 21 September 1949 Predappio) is an Italian road and track cyclist. At the Road World Championships she won three medals, two silvers and one bronze. She won ten national titles, two on the road and eight on the track.
Life
She moved to Bollate, Milan, together with her family. In 1965 she joined the Gruppo Sportivo Pregnanese. She began training immediately with coaches Enrico Zenaboni, and Alfredo Bonariva.
In 1966 she won her first "international" races in Prato and Adria (Rovigo). These victories allowed her to wear the blue jersey of the national team for the first time at the Nurburgring World Championships in Germany, where she was the youngest participant. In 1967 she won seven road victories, as well as a second place in the National Elite Road Championship. She won her first Italian track pursuit title in Lanciano. In 1968 she participated in the world championships held in Imola, and placed third. She won the Italian championships on the road and on the track (pursuit and speed). Also, she set a world record for 3 km on track at the Olympic Velodrome in Rome with a time of 4'09 "3. In 1969, she was confirmed Italian champion on the road and on the track. She competed in 34 races and won 11. She began to compete abroad. In 1970, at the Road World Championships in Leicester, she finished second behind the Soviet Anna Konkina. Also in 1970 she won the national track championships and came in second at the national road championships. In 1971, again at the world championships held in Mendrisio, she came second again. She won the national road race, as well as finished in second place at the national track pursuit championships.. In 1972, in Bassano del Grappa, she won the title of speed and that of the pursuit, while she was third on the road. She was second on the road in 1973. In 1974 she won the Giro of Varese, and finished third in the road championships. In 1976 he won the Alfredo Binda Trophy in Cittiglio.
In 1980, she retired, after more than 100 victories (including ten national titles), continuing to deal with cycling and working within the Italian Cycling Federation.
Since April 2014 she holds, within the council of the Municipality of Senago, the position of Councilor for sports and leisure, youth and labor policies.
References
Other websites
Morena Tartagni - Foto F.OSSOLA | Cyclinside.it
1949 births
Italian cyclists
Living people
Doug Bentley

Douglas Wagner Bentley (September 3, 1916 - November 24 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers. Bentley missed the entire 1944-45 NHL season after being given permission to stay home and tend the family farm by Canadian Armed Forces officials, September, 1944.
From 1940 to 1947, his brother Max Bentley was his teammate and linemate in Chicago. Both brothers have been elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame, and in 1998, both brothers were named to The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, Max at number 48 and Doug at number 73.
On March 13, 1966 in an Eastern Hockey League game vs Jacksonville, Doug Bentley inserted his son, Doug Jr. (b. June 1, 1951) into the game when the team was short of players due to injuries. Doug Jr. was only 14 years of age at the time, becoming the youngest player to play a shift in a professional hockey league.
Achievements and awards
Art Ross Trophy (1943)
NHL First All-Star Team left wing (1943, 1944, 1947)
NHL Second All-Star Team centre (1949)
Voted by the Herald American as the top hockey player in Chicago for the first half of the century (1950)
Career statistics
Coaching statistics
+ - Midseason replacement
++ - Replaced midseason
Other websites
1916 births
1972 deaths
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
New York Rangers players
Würzburg (disambiguation)

Wurzburg can mean:
Wurzburg, a city in the German state of Bavaria.
Wurzburger Kickers, a football team in Wurzburg
Pukë District

The District of Puke is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is part of Shkoder County. There are 24,323 people. The capital is Puke.
References
Districts of Albania
Julius Maada Bio

Julius Maada Wonie Bio (born May 12, 1964) is a Sierra Leonean politician. He is the 5th and current President of Sierra Leone since April 4, 2018.
Bio is a retired Brigadier General in the Sierra Leone Army and was the military Head of State of Sierra Leone from January 16, 1996 to March 29, 1996 under the National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC) military Junta government.
References
1964 births
Presidents of Sierra Leone
Roman Catholics
African military people
Current national leaders
Living people
Arden L. Bement Jr.

Arden Lee Bement Jr. (born May 22, 1932) is an American engineer and scientist. He has served in executive positions in government, industry and academia . He is a former Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Advanced Technology, Chief Technical Officer of TRW, Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Following the end of his six-year term at NSF, on June 1, 2010 he became the founding director of the Global Policy Research Institute and Chief Global Affairs officer at Purdue University.
Other websites
Biography on the NSF website
Press release about Purdue GPRI appointment
1932 births
Living people
Engineers from Pennsylvania
Scientists from Philadelphia
Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power

Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power: A Critical Global Assessment of Atomic Energy is a 2011 book by Benjamin K. Sovacool, published by World Scientific. Sovacool's book explores the global nuclear power industry, its fuel cycle, nuclear accidents, environmental impacts, social risks, and economics. There is a postscript on the Japanese 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster. Based on detailed analysis, Sovacool concludes "that a global nuclear renaissance would bring immense technical, economic, environmental, political, and social costs". He says that it is renewable energy technologies which will enhance energy security, and which have many other advantages.
Reviewer Mark Diesendorf says that one weakness of the book is the limited coverage of nuclear weapons proliferation. He says that governments of several countries (e.g., France, India, North Korea, Pakistan) have used nuclear power and/or research reactors to assist nuclear weapons development.
Related pages
List of books about nuclear issues
List of books about renewable energy
Nuclear or Not?
Reaction Time (book)
Non-Nuclear Futures
References
Other websites
Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power at World Scientific.
Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power at Google Books.
Nuclear Power's Global Expansion: Weighing Its Costs and Risks
2011 books
Nuclear weapons
Nuclear energy
The Base (hate group)

The Base is a world Neo-Nazi and white supremacist hate group. They formed in 2018. They are in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia.
The group wants to perform terrorism and overthrow governments. It operates "hate camps". It also organizes ethnic conflict and survivalism.
On January 16, 2020, three members of The Base were arrested by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
References
Secret societies
Gangs
2018 establishments in the United States
Dominique McElligott

Dominique McElligott (5 October 1986) is an Irish actress. She appears in mostly independent movies. She played Joy Dietz in Not Fade Away. She also played Emily in Dark Floors.
McElligott was born in Dublin, Ireland.
References
Irish television actors
Irish movie actors
1986 births
Living people
Actors from Dublin
Senath, Missouri

Senath is a city in Dunklin County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Sanem

Sanem (, , ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette.
As of 2019, 17,277 people live here.
Communes of Luxembourg
Youhanna Golta

Youhanna Golta (27 January 1937 - 15 February 2022) was an Egyptian Coptic Catholic hierarch. He was born in Cairo, Egypt. He became a priest in 1960. He was auxiliary and curial bishop of the Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria, Egypt, from 1986 until his retirement in 2020.
Gotta died on 15 February 2022, at the age of 85.
References
1937 births
2022 deaths
Eastern Catholic bishops
People from Cairo
500 Most Influential Muslims

500 Most Influential Muslims is an annual publication that ranks the most influential muslims in the world.
Current top ten
Previous top ten entrants
Other websites
The 500 Most Influential Muslims 2009 on Google Books
A Defense of the Powerful: The Muslim 500. The Islamic Monthly. June 18, 2012
List of "Most Influential Muslims" Illustrates the Problem - and Presents Opportunities. American Islamic Forum for Democracy. November 30, 2012
References
2009 books
Muslim 500
Ricardo Quaresma

Ricardo Quaresma (born 26 September 1983) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Besiktas and the Portugal national team. He was born in Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal.
Club career statistics
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||28||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||29||3
|-
|2002/03||31||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||33||5
|-
|2003/04||Barcelona||La Liga||22||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0||26||1
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="4"|Porto||rowspan="4"|Portuguese Liga||32||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||0||40||5
|-
|2005/06||29||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0||36||5
|-
|2006/07||26||6||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||2||34||8
|-
|2007/08||27||8||3||1||0||0||8||2||38||11
|-
|2008/09||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||13||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0||19||1
|-
|2008/09||Chelsea||Premier League||4||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2009/10||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||11||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||13||0
173||32||4||1||0||0||33||4||210||37
22||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0||26||1
24||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||0||32||0
4||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
223||33||5||1||0||0||45||4||273||38
|}
International career statistics
''As of 26 March 2018''
|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||2||0
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||12||1
|-
|2008||7||2
|-
|2009||0||0
|-
|2010||2||0
|-
|2011||5||0
|-
|2012||3||0
|-
|2013||0||0
|-
|2014||4||1
|-
|2015||6||0
|-
|2016||17||4
|-
|2017||10||1
|-
|2018||2||0
|-
!Total||74||9
|}
References
1983 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Sportspeople from Lisbon
Bagas, Gironde

Bagas, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Character (movie)

Character () is a 1997 Dutch Belgian period drama movie directed by Mike van Diem and based on the novel of the same name by Ferdinand Bordewijk. It stars Jan Decleir, Fedja van Huet, Betty Schuurman, Victor Low, Hans Kesting and won an Academy Award in 1998.
Other websites
1997 drama movies
Dutch drama movies
Belgian movies
Movies based on books
History of South Africa

Bibliography
Historical dictionary of South Africa, Christopher Saunders, Nicholas Southey' 2nd Edition, Lanham, Md., London: Scarecrow Press
Manual of South African Geography: Forming a Companion to the Map of South Africa to 16deg South Latitude.
Published in 20th century
pre-1990s
Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, DJ Potgieter, Cape Town: NASOU, 1970
Five Hundred years: a history of South Africa, CFJ Muller, 3rd rev., Pretoria Academica, 1981
Reader's Digest Illustrated Guide to Southern Africa 5th Edition , 1985
Who did what in South Africa, Mona De Beer, Craighall, South Africa, AD Donker, 1988
1990s
Who's who in South African politics, Shelagh Gastrow, 3rd Edition, Johannesburg, Ravan Press, 1990
Who's who in South African politics, Shelagh Gastrow, 4th Edition, Johannesburg, Ravan Press, 1992
New dictionary of South African biography, edited by E.J. Verwey, Pretoria: HSRC Publishers, 1995 ANC's Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 1996
Africa Confidential who's who of Southern Africa, edited by Patrick Smith, Oxford, Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1998 A-Z of South African Politics: the Essential Handbook, 1999, edited by Phillip Van Niekerk and Barbara Ludman, London, NY: Penguin Books
Nuusdagboek: feite en fratse oor 1000 jaar, F Wallis, Kaapstad: Human & Rousseau, 2000
published in 21st century
Other websites
Atlas of Mutual Heritage
Encyclopaedia Britannica Online
Independent Online
Liberation Archive
News24
Lincoln Motor Company

The Lincoln Motor Company is an automobile company in the United States. It is a part of the Ford Motor Company that sells cars in North America. The current Lincoln cars in the United States includes two sedans (the MKS and MKZ), two crossovers (the MKT and MKX) and one SUV (the Navigator).
Lincoln is the luxury brand of Ford. It makes upscale luxury vehicles. The company was founded by Henry M. Leland in 1917 as its own company. It was bought by Ford in 1922. The brand is named after Abraham Lincoln.
American automobile companies
Ford
1917 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Michigan
Dearborn, Michigan
Köfering

Kofering is a municipality in Regensburg in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Regensburg (district)