pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Zika virus

Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the virus family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus. It is spread by mosquitoes from the genus Aedes, which are active during the daytime.
Zika virus is named after Uganda's Zika Forest, where the virus was discovered in 1947.
Zika virus can cause an infectious disease called Zika fever. Zika fever often causes no symptoms, or only mild symptoms. Scientists know that people in Africa and Asia have been getting Zika fever since the 1950s. In 2014, the virus spread eastward across the Pacific Ocean - first to French Polynesia, then to Easter Island. Finally, in 2015, it spread to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. In these places, Zika virus has become a pandemic.
Background
Zika virus is related to West Nile virus and the viruses that cause dengue fever, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis. Zika virus causes an illness that is like a mild form of dengue fever. It is treated by rest. As of 2016, there is no medication or vaccine that can prevent the Zika virus.
Pregnant women who get the Zika virus can spread the virus to their fetuses. When they are born, these newborns may be more likely to have microcephaly. In places where the Zika virus lives, people are more likely to have birth defects, neurological problems like Guillain-Barre syndrome, and autoimmune diseases.
2016 outbreak
In January 2016, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published advice for how to avoid getting Zika fever. They suggested that when traveling to places where Zika virus lives:
Travelers should use "enhanced precautions," meaning they should be as careful as possible to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes
Pregnant women should think about not traveling to these areas
Other governments or health agencies soon issued similar travel warnings. Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Jamaica advised women not to get pregnant until scientists know more about the risks of Zika virus to pregnant women.
On February 2, 2016, public health officials in Dallas County, Texas, reported the first case of somebody getting Zika virus in the United States.
References
Other websites
Zika Virus - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Flaviviridae Genomes database search results from the Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center
Viralzone: Flaviviridae
Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Flaviviridae
World Health Organization Zika Virus Fact Sheet
Viruses
Funeral Blues

"Funeral Blues" is a poem written in 1936 by W. H. Auden.
Funeral Blues is a simple poem about death, isolation (loneliness), emptiness and longing. The death of a lover may or may not be a literal event (actually happened). The poem is also about the end of a romantic relationship with somebody other than the person's spouse/partner. In four stanzas it moves from the time before the funeral (Stop all the clocks, Silence the pianos...), during the funeral itself (Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come...), after the funeral (He was my North, my South...), and the loneliness and grief that comes with it.
20th-century British poems
1936 works
Elena V. Pitjeva

Elena Vladimirovna Pitjeva is a Russian theoretical physicist at the Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. She is noted for her work on ephemerides and is currently head of the Laboratory of Ephemeris Astronomy at the Institute of Applied Astronomy. Pitjeva is a member of the International Astronomical Union Commission 4: Ephemerides.
Education
Pitjeva earned her undergraduate degree from the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics at A. A. Zhdanov Leningrad State University in 1972 in the specialty of astronomy. She earned an M.A. in theoretical physics in 1994 and a Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 2005. She was a student of Professor G.A. Krasinski.
Publications (selection)
References
Other websites
Laboratory of Ephemeris Astronomy, Institute of Applied Astronomy
Russian astronomers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Miguel Ángel Pérez Tello

Miguel Angel Perez Tello (born October 2, 1957 in Granada) is a skier and bicyclist from Spain. He has a disability: he cannot use part of one leg. He is a type LC3 bicycle athlete. He raced at the 1988 Winter Paralympics in para-Nordic skiing. He was the second skier in the 10 km race and the second skier in the 2.5 km race. He raced at the 1992 Winter Paralympics in para-Nordic skiing. He was the second skier in the 2.5 km race. He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics on a bicycle. He was the fastest to go Omnium Track race.
References
Spanish skiers
Spanish cyclists
Living people
1957 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
People from Granada
1988 Winter Paralympics
1992 Winter Paralympics
1996 Summer Paralympics
Mutual insurance

A mutual insurance company is an insurance company that is owned by its customers. If the company is profitable, the profits are returned to the customers. This is different from other insurance companies, which are public companies.
References
Insurance
Kevin Downes

Kevin Downes (born September 21, 1972) is an American film actor, writer, producer and director. Downes grew up in Visalia, California, three hours north of Los Angeles.
References
Other websites
1972 births
Living people
Actors from California
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
Screenwriters from California
Yun Chi-wang

General Yun Chi-wang (yunciwang, Yin Zhi Wang ) (February 17, 1895 - December 21, 1982) was a South Korean politicians, solder and gynecologist. He was the half brother of Yun Chi-ho, uncle of Yun Poson, 4th president of South Korea.
Other websites
Yun Chi-wang at Korean historical person information
gunjinyihagyi todaereul dajin - yunciwang yisasinmun 2011.07.07
1895 births
1982 deaths
Korean activists
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Anti-communists
Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Tanja Szewczenko

Tanja Szewczenko is a German figure skater. She got a bronze medal at the 1994 World Figure Skating Championships.
Early life: She was born in 1977 to Vera Kuke. Kuke was part of the German ethnic group in Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union). Szewczenko's (Ukrainian) father left the family when she was two years old.
Related pages
People in Germany with Ukrainian ancestry
Sources
1977 births
Living people
German figure skaters
Hexahedron

A hexahedron (plural: hexahedra) is any polyhedron with six faces. A cube, for example, is a regular hexahedron with all its faces square, and three squares around each vertex.
There are seven topologically distinct convex hexahedra, one of which exists in two mirror image forms. (Two polyhedra are "topologically distinct" if they have intrinsically different arrangements of faces and vertices, such that it is impossible to distort one into the other simply by changing the lengths of edges or the angles between edges or faces.)
There are three further topologically distinct hexahedra that can only be realised as concave figures:
Related pages
Prismatoid
References
Other websites
Polyhedra with 4-7 Faces by Steven Dutch
Polyhedra
Landesbank Baden

Landesbank Baden, short for Landesbank Baden-Wurttemberg (LBBW) is a full-service commercial bank and parent company of three commercial banks (SudwestLB, Landesgirokasse, and the commercial banking business of L-Bank) and the Landesbank for the Federal States Baden-Wurttemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony. As of 2017, it is Germany's biggest state-backed landesbank lender.
Banks of Germany
1999 establishments in Germany
Vechigen

Vechigen is a municipality of the Swiss canton of Bern. In 2014, 5075 people lived there. It consists of the villages: Sinneringen, Boll, Dentenberg, Utzigen, Lindental, Berg, Littewil and Radelfingen.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Bern
Guitar Hero: On Tour

Guitar Hero: On Tour is a music video game developed by Vicarious Visions and published by RedOctane and Activision. It's the first Guitar Hero game made for a handheld game system. To play, players use Slot 2 (the bottom loading slot of the DS) to attach a device with red, green, blue, and yellow buttons on it. The player uses those four keys to play the game.
Gameplay
The gameplay of Guitar Hero: On Tour is like the other Guitar Hero games where the player strums and hits the fret buttons when the notes appear on the screen.
Soundtrack
Guitar Hero: On Tour has two track lists. One's for North America, the UK, and Australia, and the other's for non-English speaking countries in Europe. Both have five songs that the other does not have. They both have 26 songs including one bonus track.
Reception
Guitar Hero: On Tour got mostly good reviews with 81% at Game Rankings and 76/100 at Meta Critic. It was praised for being a challenging and fun game. Some reviewers complained about hand cramps from playing.
On Tour was the second best-selling games of June 2008, having sold 422,000 copies. It's Activision's fastest-selling DS game.
References
Other websites
Official game site
2008 video games
Guitar Hero
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress

Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit. It is presented each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is to recognize an actress with an outstanding performance in a movie. Since the beginning, the award has commonly been called the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress.
Actresses are nominated for this award by Academy members who are actors and actresses themselves. Winners are selected by the academy membership as a whole.
Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first in bold, followed by the other nominees.
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
Related pages
BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role
References
Other websites
Oscars.org (official Academy site)
Supporting Actress
Dewey Beach, Delaware

Dewey Beach is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Towns in Sussex County, Delaware
Maryon Pittman Allen

Maryon Pittman Allen (November 30, 1925 - July 23, 2018) was an American journalist. She served as United States Senator from Alabama for five months in 1978, after her husband, Senator James B. Allen, died in office.
Allen died on July 23, 2018 in Birmingham, Alabama at the age of 92.
References
1925 births
2018 deaths
American journalists
United States senators from Alabama
Writers from Alabama
Politicians from Mississippi
Writers from Mississippi
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Meridian, Mississippi
Euphoria

Euphoria (from Ancient Greek , from eu (eu), "well", and phero (phero), "to bear") is a mental and emotional condition which makes a person feel extremely happy, excited, and carefree. These feelings are much stronger and more intense than what a human would normally feel. However, some natural human behaviors can cause brief states of euphoria. For example, people may feel euphoric for a short time after orgasm, when in love, or after a very important athletic achievement. Sometimes, people can also feel euphoria during certain religious or spiritual rituals, or while meditating. More often, euphoria is caused by certain psychoactive drugs, mental illnesses, or medical problems. Euphoria is the opposite of dysphoria.
Causes
Drugs
Euphoria can be caused by psychoactive drugs like cocaine and alcohol methamphetamines.
Some of the drugs that can cause euphoria are:
Alcohol: People may feel euphoria soon after they begin drinking alcohol (especially in the first 10-15 minutes after they begin to drink).
Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata): A sedative that calms the nervous system and acts as a sleep aid. One compound in this herb, called harmine, may cause euphoria.
Cannabis: Cannabis contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which can cause euphoria as well as relaxation and sedation. Marijuana and hashish are both made from cannabis plants.
Stimulants: Stimulant drugs can cause euphoria as well as high energy, hyperactivity, and lack of appetite. There are different types of stimulants. Amphetamines (including methamphetamine) are the best known drugs in this category.
MDMA: Commonly called Ecstasy, MDMA causes strong feelings of euphoria as well as rushes of energy. MDMA and MDEA ("Eve") are popular drugs among young adults.
Opium: A drug made from the unripe seed-pods of the opium poppy. It can cause euphoria and drowsiness, and can decrease pain. Heroin, morphine, and codeine are made from opium.
Mental Illness
Euphoria can be a symptom of some mental illnesses. For example, euphoria is a common symptom of mania, an extreme, high-energy mood state which can happen with bipolar disorder and other mental health conditions.
Medical Illness
Euphoria can also be a symptom of some medical problems. It is a common symptom of hypoxia. It is a dangerous symptom, because it can make a hypoxic person feel so good and carefree that they do not realise that they are not getting enough oxygen.
Euphoria can be a symptom of hyperthyroidism. It can also be caused by head injuries or conditions which affect the central nervous system, like syphilis and multiple sclerosis.
Exercise
Sometimes, people feel euphoria when exercising. A well-known example is "runner's high," a state of euphoria and high energy that runners sometimes experience, especially during intense workouts. According to recent studies, intense exercise can cause the brain to release endorphins. These endorphins attach to the same brain receptors as opioid drugs, so they can cause the same euphoric effects as those drugs do. Unfortunately, this means that a person could get chemically addicted to consistent exercise, just as he or she might get addicted to opiates.
References
Emotions
Ketuvim

Ketuvim (in Biblical Hebrew: "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after Torah (instruction) and Nevi'im (prophets). It includes:
Tehillim - Psalms
Mishlei - Proverbs
Iyyov - Job
Shir Hashirim - Song of Songs
Rut - Ruth
Eikha - Lamentations
Kohelet - Ecclesiastes
Ester - Esther
Daniyel - Daniel
Ezra-Nechemya - Ezra-Nehemiah
Divrei Hayamim - Chronicles I and II
Other websites
David Betesh and the Sephardic Pizmonim Project - Syrian melodies (all books)
Leining Master (Ashkenazi melodies for five megillot).
"Potpourri for Purim" Melodies for Megillat Ester in several traditions
Grundisburgh

Grundisburgh is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1472 people living in Grundisburgh.
References
Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Whirlpool galaxy

The Whirlpool galaxy, is also known as Messier 51a, M51a, or NGC 5194. It is a large galaxy with well-defined spiral arms, with a smaller companion galaxy. They have been through a collision, and are still interacting.
The Whirlpool was the first galaxy to be classified as a spiral galaxy. Different methods put its distance as between 15 to 35 million light-years. Recently it was estimated to be 23 +- 4 million light-years from the Milky Way. Messier 51 is one of the best known galaxies in the sky.
Its spiral arms are so impressive and well-defined that it is called a "grand design" spiral galaxy. It has an active galactic nucleus, no doubt fuelled by a massive black hole.
The galaxy and its companion, NGC 5195, are easily seen by amateur astronomers, in the constellation Canes Venatici. The two galaxies can be seen with binoculars. The Whirlpool galaxy is also a popular target for professional astronomers. They study its galaxy structure (particularly the spiral arms) and galaxy interactions.
References
Spiral galaxies
Efraín Ríos Montt

Jose Efrain Rios Montt (; June 16, 1926 - April 1, 2018) was a Guatemalan politician. He was President of Guatemala from 1982 to 1983. An army general, his time in office was marked by the Guatemalan Civil War. Years later, he served as president of Congress. His daughter is former congresswoman and presidential candidate Zury Rios.
Rios Montt died in Guatemala City on April 1, 2018 of a heart attack at the age of 91.
References
Other websites
Biography by CIDOB
1926 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Generals
North American military people
Presidents of Guatemala
Bumpy rocket frog

The bumpy rocket frog or Peter's frog (Litoria inermis) is a frog from Australia. It lives all across the northern and eastern parts of Australia, in Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia.
An adult frog is 3.5 cm long from nose to rear end. It is light and dark brown with some yellow marks on its legs and a white spot near its jaws. Its front feet have no webbing and its back feet have some webbing. Its skin is bumpy.
The scientists who first wrote about this frog in the 1800s thought it was a burrowing frog, meaning a frog that likes to dig into the ground and spend time underground, but it is not. Its scientific name, "inermis", means "does not have a weapon". Most burrowing frogs have sharp bones in their feet, but the bumpy rocket frog does not. Burrowing frogs use these bones to dig.
This frog lives in flood plains, forests, grasslands, swamps and streams, but it can live in rocky places if there are streams through them.
Females lay their eggs 100-300 at a time in temporary bodies of water with no plants in them. The tadpoles can grow to 4 cm.
References
Frogs of Australia
John Coltrane

John William "Trane" Coltrane (September 23, 1926 - July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.
Coltrane played the bebop and hard bop styles of jazz early in his career, and helped start the use of modes in jazz and later was a very important part of free jazz. He made about fifty recordings as a bandleader, and appeared on many other albums, for example with trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk. As his career progressed, Coltrane's music became more spiritual. he died of liver cancer. His second wife was pianist Alice Coltrane, and their son Ravi Coltrane is also a saxophonist.
He influenced many musicians, and is one of the most important tenor saxophonists in jazz history. He received many awards, including Special Citation from the Pulitzer Prize Board in 2007 (many years after his death) for his "masterful improvisation, supreme musicianship and iconic centrality to the history of jazz."
References
1926 births
1967 deaths
African American musicians
American bandleaders
American jazz musicians
American saxophonists
Cancer deaths in New York (state)
Deaths from liver cancer
Musicians from North Carolina
Interstate 14

Interstate 14 (I-14), also known as the "14th Amendment Highway", the Gulf Coast Strategic Highway and the Central Texas Corridor, is an Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of Texas that follows U.S. Highway 190 (US 190).
The highway was named for the 14th Amendment.
In 2005, I-14 was planned to have a western portion at Natchez, Mississippi (later from I-49 near Alexandria, Louisiana), extending east through Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, before ending at Augusta, Georgia, or North Augusta, South Carolina.
References
14
Kyiv TV Tower

The Kyiv TV Tower () is a lattice metal tower in Kyiv, Ukraine. It is the tallest structure in the country. The tower was built in 1973. The tower was the tallest free-standing metal structure in the world until 2012. It is used for radio and television broadcasting and is not open to the public.
References
Buildings and structures in Kyiv
Pierre Pincemaille

Pierre Pincemaille (born in Paris, 8 December, 1956; died in Suresnes, 12 January, 2018) was a French organist and pedadogue. He is known to be a master of improvisation.
Life
Pierre Pincemaille started to study the organ in 1968. He graduated from the Paris Conservatory with five first prizes (in harmony, counterpoint, fugue, organ and improvisation).
He was appointed titular organist at the Basilica of St Denis in Saint-Denis (near Paris) in 1987.
Between 1978 and 1990, he won five international organ competitions (Lyon, Beauvais, Strasbourg, Montbrison, and Chartres).
He was professor in schools of music, especially in Lyon national conservatory (between 2003 and 2005) and in Paris national conservatory (between 2005 and 2018).
He gave more than 1000 concerts and recitals all around the world (France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Norway, Japan, Canada, United States, South Africa...).
He recorded around 20 CDs, with for example the complete organ work of Cesar Franck and Maurice Durufle, the 10 symphonies of Charles-Marie Widor, the written work of Pierre Cochereau, and improvisation work.
He was knight of Ordre des Palmes Academiques, knight of Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and knight of Order of St. Gregory the Great.
References
Other websites
1956 births
2018 deaths
20th-century French composers
French organists
21st-century French composers
Musicians from Paris
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in France
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (or NNPT) is a treaty that was made to stop nuclear weapons from being built. It was written in 1968, entered into force in 1970, and 190 countries have signed it since then. Only four nations have not signed it: India, Israel, Pakistan South Sudan. North Korea withdrew in 2003.
Terms
The treaty says that only five countries are allowed to have nuclear weapons. These are called nuclear weapons states. The five nuclear weapons states are China, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Russia. All five of these nations have all signed the treaty. They are not supposed to help any other nation build nuclear weapons. All other nations who sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty promise not to build more nuclear weapons for themselves or others.
The treaty also says that every nation is able to build nuclear power plants and have nuclear technology. However, nations who sign the treaty, but are not nuclear weapons states, promise to not use their nuclear power plants to make nuclear weapons.
The main corporations that made this treaty happen were the United Nations and the IAEA.
1960s treaties
Nuclear weapons
1968
1970
1970s treaties
Lianna

Lianna is a 1983 lesbian-themed drama movie. The title character is the wife of a college professor teaching at a University in New Jersey. This woman takes up child psychology with a friend named Sandy.
Lianna received several positive reviews from critics. The movie was released January 1983 in the United States.
1983 romantic drama movies
1980s LGBT movies
American romantic drama movies
American LGBT movies
1980s English-language movies
American independent movies
Movies set in New Jersey
Movies directed by John Sayles
Candia Canavese

Candia Canavese is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Les Septvallons

Les Septvallons is a commune in the Aisne department of northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Glennes, Longueval-Barbonval, Merval, Perles, Revillon, Vauxcere and Villers-en-Prayeres.
The town hall is in Longueval-Barbonval.
Geography
Les Septvallons is in the eastern part of the Soissons arrondissement, in the valley of the Aisne river; the commune is on the border with the Marne department, at to the south of Laon, the prefecture of the department, and at to the east of Soissons, the subprefecture of the arrondissement.
It has an area of with an altitude of .
Composition
The commune is formed by:
Gallery
Related pages
Communes of the Aisne department
Arrondissement of Chateau-Thierry
References
Communes in Aisne
2016 establishments in France
Swagger (software)

Swagger is a suite of tools for API developers from SmartBear Software and a former specification upon which the OpenAPI Specification is based.
History
The Swagger API project was created in 2011 by Tony Tam, technical co-founder of the dictionary site Wordnik. During the development of Wordnik's products, the need for automation of API documentation and client SDK generation became a major source of frustration. Tam designed a simple JSON representation of the API, building upon the flexibility of part of the REST style of architecture and using Swagger quickly gained popularity among API developers due to its ability to generate interactive documentation, client libraries, and server stubs automatically from API specifications. In 2015, the Swagger project was acquired by SmartBear Software, a company that specializes in software quality tools and API testing. SmartBear continues to develop and support Swagger and the OpenAPI Specification, which has become the industry standard for defining RESTful APIs.
Features
Swagger provides a suite of tools for designing, building, documenting, and testing RESTful APIs. Some of its key features include:
Interactive documentation: Swagger UI allows developers to view and interact with the API in a web browser, making it easy to understand and test the API's functionality.
Code generation: Swagger Codegen can generate client libraries, server stubs, and API documentation in various programming languages based on an API's specification.
API testing: Swagger Inspector is a cloud-based tool for testing and validating APIs, with support for various authentication methods and response validations.
API design: Swagger Editor is a web-based tool for designing and editing API specifications in YAML or JSON format.
API management: SwaggerHub is a platform for hosting, sharing, and collaborating on API designs, with features for versioning, team collaboration, and API documentation publishing.
Related pages
OpenAPI Specification
RESTful
API Gateway
References
Other websites
Swagger website
Swagger on GitHub
Love County, Oklahoma

Love County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2010, 9,423 people lived there. Its county seat is Marietta.
Geography
The county has a total area of 532 square miles.
References
Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Wavefunction collapse

When a scientific experiment is done properly, it will give a measurable result. At each moment, the system (experiment) will be in one of several possible states. At the end, the experiment will be in a final state. At each point in time, the state of the system can be measured.
Experiments done in quantum mechanics work the same way. The difference to classical mechanics is that at each point in time, several states are superposed (overlapping) to describe the state the experiment is in. These states are called eigenstates. In the same way as with classical mechanics, if a measurement is done, there is a single result. This result is the eigenvalue of one of the eigenstates. This means that measurement will reduce the several possible states to a single state by adding them together. After the measurement, the system will be in the state that was measured. In the Copenhagen interpretation, this reduction is known as wavefunction collapse. Collapse is one of two processes by which quantum systems evolve in time. The other is continuous evolution via the Schrodinger equation.
Werner Heisenberg was among the first to explain this situation, in a paper published in 1927. This result is controversial. Erwin Schrodinger used the thought experiment Schrodinger's cat to show this controversy.
References
Quantum mechanics
Charleston English

Charleston English or the Charleston accent is a sub-variety of Southern American English spoken by elderly natives of Charleston, South Carolina. It is one of the older aristocratic Southern accents with the following features
R-dropping
Canadian raising of ou, making words like house and about more like hoose and aboat.
Vowels in cheer and chair can be pronounced the same. This is the cheer-chair merger.
Intrusive y onto the ar sound so garden and car come out as gyahden and kyah''.
American English
Max Tonetto

Max Tonetto (born 18 November 1974) is a retired Italian football player. He has played for Roma.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992/93||Reggiana||Serie B||0||0
|-
|1993/94||Fano||Serie C2||30||2
|-
|1994/95||Reggiana||Serie A||0||0
|-
|1994/95||Ravenna||Serie C1||28||2
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Reggiana||Serie B||17||0
|-
|1996/97||Serie A||20||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Empoli||rowspan="2"|Serie A||30||3
|-
|1998/99||31||1
|-
|1999/00||Milan||Serie A||0||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Bologna||rowspan="2"|Serie A||11||0
|-
|2000/01||1||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Lecce||rowspan="2"|Serie A||30||1
|-
|2001/02||33||0
|-
|2002/03||Serie B||36||0
|-
|2003/04||Serie A||33||1
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Sampdoria||rowspan="2"|Serie A||33||5
|-
|2005/06||33||3
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Roma||rowspan="4"|Serie A||30||0
|-
|2007/08||35||1
|-
|2008/09||15||0
|-
|2009/10||||
446||19
446||19
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Sportspeople from Trieste
Bamboo floor

A bamboo floor is a kind of flooring which is made using bamboo plants. Today, most of the bamboo flooring products come from China and other parts of Asia. Moso bamboo is a type of bamboo most commonly used for this type of flooring.
References
Building materials
Bamboo
Sound Tribe Sector Nine

Sound Tribe Sector Nine is a United States band from Atlanta, Georgia. The band's name is commonly abbreviated as just STS9 or Sound Tribe. They are most notably recognized for their live performances consisting of complex light shows.
Discography
1999: Interplanetary Escape Vehicle
1999: Sector 9 - The Brown Album
2000: Offered Schematics Suggesting Peace
2002: Seasons 01
2003: Live at Home
2005: Artifact <small>#12 on Billboard'''s Top Electronic Albums chart</small>
2005: Artifact: Remixes Vol.1 2005: Artifact: Perspectives 2008: Peaceblaster''
2009: "Ad Explorata"
References
Other websites
STS9.com - Official site
STS9music.com - Official Music Downloads, Live Shows and Albums
STS9 @ Myspace.com
1320records.com - Official Label
STS9 review in austin chronicle
1320 Records @ Myspace.com
Tribe Heads Fan Site @ Myspace.com
Soundtribe.org - Fan Setlist Archive and Band Information
Sound Tribe Sector 9 collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive
GrooveTV #201 VideoCD @ Archive.org
Poster Art Archive @ Expressobeans.com
David Murphy Interview * David Phipps Interview * Hunter Brown Interview * Jeffree Lerner Interview * Zach Velmer Interview
American rock bands
Electronic music bands
Musical groups from Atlanta
Musical groups from California
Musical groups established in 1998
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Cneoridium dumosum (Nuttall) Hooker F. Collected March 26, 1960, at an Elevation of about 1450 Meters on Cerro Quemazón, 15 Miles South of Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California, México, Apparently for a Southeastward Range Extension of Some 140 Miles

"Cneoridium dumosum (Nuttall) Hooker F. Collected March 26, 1960, at an Elevation of about 1450 Meters on Cerro Quemazon, 15 Miles South of Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja California, Mexico, Apparently for a Southeastward Range Extension of Some 140 Miles" is a humorous, but factual, scientific paper. It was written by American botanist Reid Moran who was from the San Diego National History Museum.
Contents
The paper is about a plant species called Cneoridium dumosum.
Because of its long title, which has all of Moran's key points, and its many acknowledgements, the paper only contains the words:
which only has five words, the reference number of the specimen collected (inside parentheses), and a period.
Moran's closing acknowledgement contains the text:
which was also used by biologist George Yatskievych in 1982.
In an obituary to Moran, published by The San Diego Union-Tribune, another botanist Tom Oberbauer said that Moran "had a dry sense of humor".
Publishing
The paper was published in 1962. It was published in volume 16, page 272 of the California Botanical Society's scientific journal called Madrono. The whole paper was later published again, in 2013, with the title "Reprinted Classic Madrono Articles" in Madrono, volume 60, page 359. This was the California Botanical Society's centennial (100th) year.
This paper is not the shortest paper ever published. A 2003 paper written by John H. Conway and Alexander Soifer has the title "Can n2+ 1 unit equilateral triangles cover an equilateral triangle of side > n, say n + e?". The paper only has two words: "n2+2 can", and two figures. An even shorter paper is titled "Chemiefreie Haushaltsprodukte" (which is German for "Chemical-free household products). It has zero words after the abstract.
References
Other websites
Full paper, including acknowledgements
Documents
Biology
Hilmar Hoffmann

Hilmar Hoffmann (25 August 1925 - 1 June 2018) was a German cultural and movie historian. He was born in Bremen, Germany. Between 1970 and 1990 he was a City Councillor in Frankfurt am Main, and initiated the promotion of free groups in urban culture. From 1993 to 2001 he was president of the Goethe-Institut (Munich). He taught movie theory and cultural politics at the Goethe University Frankfurt.
Hoffmann died in Frankfurt, Germany on 1 June 2018 of a stroke at the age of 92.
References
Other websites
Hilmar Hoffmann in the portal film
Full Biography Hilmar Hoffmann
1925 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
German educators
German historians
Writers from Frankfurt
Ready Player One (movie)

Ready Player One is a 2018 American science fiction adventure movie produced and directed by Steve Box, Steven Spielberg, and written by Zak Penn and Ernest Cline. It is based on Cline's 2011 novel of the same name.
The movie stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lena Waithe, T.J. Miller, Simon Pegg, and Mark Rylance. The movie takes place in 2045 where the rest of humanity uses the virtual reality software OASIS to escape the darkness of the real world.
It was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on March 29, 2018, in 2D, Real D 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D. It made $582 million worldwide. The movie received generally positive reviews.
References
2018 science fiction movies
2018 adventure movies
American science fiction movies
American adventure movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Steven Spielberg
Movies composed by John Williams
Screenplays by Zak Penn
Warner Bros. movies
Drone movies
Dystopian movies
De Havilland Comet

The de Havilland DH 106 Comet was the first production commercial jetliner. The Avro Tudor and Vickers VC.1 Viking was fitted with Rolls-Royce Nene turbojets. It had flown earlier but were experimental models. The jet was made by de Havilland at its Hatfield Aerodrome, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom headquarters. The prototype first flew on 27 July 1949. It featured an aerodynamically clean design with four de Havilland Ghost turbojet engines buried in the wings. It had a pressurised fuselage. The jet had large square windows. It showed signs of being a commercial success at its 1952 debut.
The original Comet was about the length of the later Boeing 737-100. It carried fewer people in a more comfortable environment. For the era, it offered a relatively quiet passenger cabin. The Comet had passengers like Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and Princess Margaret. Flights on the Comet were faster than on other advanced aircraft. In August 1953 BOAC scheduled nine-stop London to Tokyo flights by Comet for 36 hours. Other aircrafts took more than 86 hours. A special order Comet for the exclusive use of King Saud bin Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia was described as "the world's first executive jet".
In 1954, the Comets began suffering problems, with three of them breaking up during mid-flight in accidents. During its service, the Comet was involved in 13 fatal crashes which resulted in 426 fatalities. On 10 January 1954, the first Comet produced broke up in mid-air and crashed into the Mediterranean. All 35 persons on board died. On 8 April 1954, a Comet on charter to South African Airways crashed in the Mediterranean near Naples. All on board died.
The Comet was removed from service and tested to discover the cause. Design flaws, including dangerous stresses at the corners of the square windows were noted. As a result, the Comet was redesigned into models 2, 3, and in 1958 the Comet 4. But meanwhile other aircraft designers had their own jets, the Boeing 707 in 1957 and in 1960 the Douglas DC-8. The American jets were larger, faster, longer-ranged, and more cost-effective than the Comet. In 1960, as part of a consolidation of the British aerospace industry, de Havilland was bought by Hawker Siddeley. Aviation author Bill Withun concluded that the Comet had pushed "'state-of-the-art' beyond its limits." The only complete remaining Comet 1 is displayed at the RAF Museum Cosford.
References
British aircraft
Papurana arfaki

The Arfak Mountains frog or large river frog (Papurana arfaki) is a frog from Aru Island in New Guinea.
References
Frogs of Oceania
Volcanoes in Iceland

Many volcanoes in Iceland are active volcanoes. This is due to its location on the mid-Atlantic Ridge which is a tectonic plate boundary. Iceland has 30 active volcanic systems. Of these, 13 have erupted since the settlement of Iceland in 874 AD. The eruption under Eyjafjallajokull ("glacier of Eyjafjoll") in 2010 was notable because the volcanic ash plume disrupted air travel in northern Europe for several weeks.
References
Other websites
How volcano chaos unfolded: in graphics
Margarida Conte

Margarida Conte is a handball player from Brazil. Margarida competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was born on 2 September 1966.
References
Other websites
1966 births
Living people
Brazilian handball players
Brazilian Olympians
Sportspeople from Sao Paulo
Darrell Hammond

Darrell Clayton Hammond (born October 8, 1955) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and impressionist. He was a regular on Saturday Night Live from 1995 until 2009, the longest term of any cast member in the show's history, until his record was passed by Kenan Thompson in 2017.
In 2014, he became the official announcer of SNL after the death of Don Pardo. He is known for playing Bill Clinton, Colonel Sanders, Sean Connery, and Donald Trump.
Other websites
Darrell Hammond: 12 years on SNL
1955 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
People with bipolar disorder
Actors from Florida
Comedians from Florida
Writers from Florida
American stand-up comedians
People with borderline personality disorder
People with schizophrenia
University of Florida alumni
Hirohiko Araki

Hirohiko Araki is a manga artist from Sendai, a city in Japan. He is most famous for the JoJo's Bizarre Adventure series. He also made Baoh, the Visitor and Gorgeous Irene.
Japanese manga artists
People from Sendai
1960 births
Living people
Roma people in Latvia

The Roma population in Latvia is small. According to data from the population register of the Office for Citizenship and Migration Affairs there were 7,456 Romani individuals residing in Latvia as at 1 January 2017, comprising 0.3% of the total Latvian population.
References
Roma
Latvia
Dassault Mirage F1

Mirage F1 is a French air superiority and attack aircraft. Its first flight was on 23 December 1966, but it first entered into the French Air Force in 1973. Dassault Aviation has built this turbojet aircraft. Its current important users are France, Iran and Morocco.
References
French military aircraft
Mirage F1
University of Northern Iowa

The University of Northern Iowa is a public university in Cedar Falls, Iowa.
References
Other websites
Official site of the University of Northern Iowa
Official site of UNI athletics
UNI Alumni Association
Colleges and universities in Iowa
Missouri Valley Conference
Missouri Valley Football Conference
1876 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Iowa
Paul McDonald Calvo

Paul McDonald Calvo (born July 25, 1934) is an Guamanian politician. He was the third elected Governor of Guam from January 1, 1979 to January 3, 1983. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Calvo was born in Agana, Guam. He studied at Santa Clara University. His son, Eddie Calvo, was elected governor of Guam in 2011.
References
Other websites
Paul M. Calvo Bio at Guampedia, Guam's Online Encyclopedia
1934 births
Living people
Governors of Guam
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Gita Sahgal

Gita Sahgal (born 1956 / 1957) is a writer on the subjects of feminism and fundamentalism. She was the leader of Amnesty International's gender unit from 2003 to 2010.
Sahgal was born in Bombay in India. Her mother is writer Nayantara Sahgal. She was raised as a Hindu. In 1972 she moved to London. In London she studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies. In 1977 Sahgal went back to India. She moved back to England in 1983.
Career
In 1979 she started Southall Black Sisters with Pragna Patel. SBS is an organization that helps Asian and black women who are experiencing domestic violence, sexual violence, forced marriage, etc. She started Women Against Fundamentalism in 1989 with Patel, Clara Connolly, and Nira Yuval-Davis in response to the Rushdie affair. In 1992 Sahgal wrote in Refusing Holy Orders: Women and Fundamentalism in Britain and edited it with Yuval-Davis. In 2003 Sahgal became the head of Amnesty International's gender unit. In 2010 Sahgal was fired because she wrote an article for the Sunday Times criticising Amnesty's associations with Moazzam Begg. She left the organization. The Centre for Secular Space was started by Sahgal in 2011.
Personal life
Sahgal is an atheist.
References
Year of birth missing
Living people
Atheists
Indian writers
People from Bombay
1334

Events
December 20 - Pope Benedict XII succeeds Pope John XXII as the 197th pope.
The first recorded outbreak of the Black Death occurred in Hubei.
Births
January 4 - Amadeus VI of Savoy (died 1383)
January 13 - King Henry II of Castile (died 1379)
May 25 - Emperor Suko (died 1398)
August 30 - King Pedro of Castile (died 1369)
King James I of Cyprus (died 1398)
Hayam Wuruk, Javanese ruler (died 1389)
Deaths
December 4 - Pope John XXII (born 1249)
Sheikh Safieddin (born 1251)
Mixe tree frog

The mixe tree frog (Megastomatohyla nubicola) is a frog. It lives in Mexico. It lives in the states of Veracruz near Huatusco. Scientists have seen it at about 1325 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of South America
Wee Willie Winkie

"Wee Willie Winkie" is a Scottish nursery rhyme. The main character in the rhyme is well-known as a personification of sleep. The poem was written by William Miller and titled "Willie Winkie", first published in Whistle-binkie: Stories for the Fireside in 1841. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 13711.
Lyrics
The original text of 1841 in Scots, and a paraphrased version for English-language readers (from 1844) are below:
Origins and meaning
The poem was written by William Miller (1810-1872), first printed in Whistle-binkie: Stories for the Fireside in 1841 and re-printed in Whistle-Binkie; a Collection of Songs for the Social Circle published in 1873. In Jacobite songs Willie Winkie referred to King William III of England, one example being "The Last Will and Testament of Willie winkie" but it seems likely that Miller was simply using the name rather than writing a Jacobite satire.
Such was the popularity of Wee Willie Winkie that the character has become one of several bedtime entities such as the Sandman, Ole Lukoje of Scandinavia, Klaas Vaak of the Netherlands, Dormette of France and Billy Winker in Lancashire.
Notes
External links
Scottish Nursery Songs and other Poems by William Miller at Dennistoun online, includes Wee Willie Winkie
Whistle-Binkie; a Collection of Songs for the Social Circle edited by John Donald Carrick, Alexander Rodger, David Robertson, contains Willie Winkie and the autograph of Miller (1873)
19th-century British poems
Scots language
Pakistanis

The word Pakistani or Pakistanis () means from or about the country of the modern Islamic Republic of Pakistan partly consisting of the Indus Valley. It refers to a person or people from Pakistan.
Every citizen of Pakistan is called a Pakistani (singular) or Pakistanis (plural).
References
Riccardo III

Riccardo III is an Italian opera in four acts, music by Luigi Canepa and libretto by Fulvio Fulgonio, after William Shakespeare's play Richard III. It was first performed in Milan, on November 10, 1879.
Principal characters
Riccardo III - bass
Rismondo - tenor
Scroop - baritone
Rutlando - comprimary tenor
Elisabetta, queen - soprano or mezzo-soprano
Elisabetta, daughter - soprano
Discography
1962: Nicola Rossi-Lemeni (Riccardo III), Franco Bonisolli (Rismondo), Walter Alberti (Scroop), Tommaso Frascati (Rutlando), Lucilla Udovich (Regina), Antonietta Pastori (Elisabetta); Corale "Luigi Canepa" Sassari, Orchestra dell'Ente Concerti "Marialisa de Carolis", Nino Bonavolonta - (Opera d'Oro, later Decca)
Sources
The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
1870s operas
Acute stress disorder

Acute stress disorder (ASD, also known as acute stress reaction, psychological shock, mental shock, or simply shock) is a psychological response to a terrifying, traumatic, or surprising event. The American Psychiatric Association first introduced it to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders in 1994.
Acute stress disorder is not fatal, but it may bring stress if not treated. ASD typically occurs within one month of a traumatic event. It lasts at least three days and can persist for up to one month. People with ASD have symptoms similar to those seen in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Patients with acute stress disorder may benefit from psychological first aid. This offers practical assistance; and helping the patient get social support and other services.
Symptoms
ASD symptoms fall under five broad categories:
Intrusion symptoms. These occur when a person is unable to stop revisiting a traumatic event through flashbacks, memories, or dreams.
Negative mood. A person may experience negative thoughts, sadness, and low mood.
Dissociative symptoms. These can include an altered sense of reality, a lack of awareness of the surroundings, and an inability to remember parts of the traumatic event.
Avoidance symptoms. People with these symptoms purposefully avoid thoughts, feelings, people, or places that they associate with the traumatic event.
Arousal symptoms. These can include insomnia and other sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and irritability or aggression, which can be either verbal or physical. The person may also feel tense or on guard and become startled very easily.
Causes
A traumatic event can cause significant physical, emotional, or psychological harm.
the death of a loved one
the threat of death or serious injury
natural disasters
motor vehicle accidents
sexual assault, rape, or domestic abuse
receiving a terminal diagnosis
surviving a traumatic brain injury
References
Emotions
Anxiety disorders
Irena Laskowska

Irena Laskowska (15 March 1925 - 6 December 2019) was a Polish actress. She appeared in more than 40 movies and television shows between 1948 and 2003. Laskowska was known for her roles in The Last Day of Summer (1958), Milczace slady (1961), Salto (1965), Hunting Flies (1969), Everything for Sale (1969) and in Pornografia (2003).
Laskowska was born in Krakow. He died on 6 December 2019 in Warsaw at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
1925 births
2019 deaths
Polish movie actors
People from Krakow
The Unbearable Lightness of Being

The Unbearable Lightness of Being () is a 1984 novel by Milan Kundera, about two women, two men, a dog and their lives in the 1968 Prague Spring period of Czechoslovak history.
The original Czech text was published the following year.
Other websites
SparkNotes
An essay written by Giuseppe Raudino
1984 books