pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Fred Tuttle

Frederick Herman "Fred" Tuttle (July 18, 1919 - October 4, 2003) was an American dairy farmer, actor and 1998 candidate for the U.S. Senate from the state of Vermont for the Republican Party. He was born in Tunbridge, Vermont. He appeared in movies such as Nosey Parker and Man with a Plan.
Tuttle ran against senator Patrick Leahy in the Vermont senate elections. He lost in a landslide to Leahy. Tuttle was described by Senator Leahy as "the distilled essence of Vermonthood". He was thought by many to be an example of the "everyman".
Tuttle died of a heart attack in his farm in Tunbridge, Vermont at the age of 84.
References
1919 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
Actors from Vermont
Politicians from Vermont
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Disease-related deaths in Vermont
Great Fire of New York (1776)

The Great Fire of New York was a large fire in New York City. It burned through the night of September 21, 1776 on the west side of the former boundaries of New York City at the southern end of the island of Manhattan. It started when the British Army took control of the city during the American Revolutionary War. Many think that Washington's men, who had recently lost the Battle of Long Island, started the fire to hamper British shipping of materials. Others believe that the British Army started the fire in an attempt to burn Whitehall.
The fire destroyed 10 to 25% of the city. Some of the unburned parts of the city were ransacked. The lack of housing made difficulties for war refugees who went to the city to escape the Rebels elsewhere.
1776 in New York City
American Revolutionary War
Fires in New York (state)
History of Manhattan
Yoshiki Nakai

Yoshiki Nakai (born 4 January 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagawa Printing.
Club career statistics
|-
|2001||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||J. League 2||8||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||2||0||3||0||3||0||8||0
|-
|2004||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Thespa Kusatsu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||36||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||37||2
|-
|2007||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Sagawa Printing||rowspan="4"|Football League||12||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|2008||25||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||28||1
|-
|2009||29||3||2||1||colspan="2"|-||31||4
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
115||7||11||1||5||0||131||8
115||7||11||1||5||0||131||8
|}
References
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Konthoujam Lairembi gi Khubam

The "Konthoujam Lairembi gi Khubam" (Literally, "Sacred place of Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi") is a three millenia years old banyan sacred grove, which is the absolute abode of goddess Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi of Sanamahism, the Meitei religion. The grove is one of the oldest Umang Lais in Manipur. It is located in the Konthoujam village, Imphal West District of Manipur.
Related pages
:en:Konthoujam Lairembi gi Khubam
Other Websites
References
Buildings and structures in Manipur
Religion in India
Playing for Pizza

Playing for Pizza is a short novel by John Grisham, released on September 25, 2007.
The novel is about an American football player who can no longer get work in the National Football League. His agent, as a last resort, signs a deal for him to play for the Parma Panthers, in Parma, Italy. The quarterback's move to a small city in a foreign land leads to a series of cultural misadventures.
Other websites
Panthers.it Official Site
Share The Dream with Grisham Official Site
2007 books
20th-century American novels
English-language novels
Brélès

Breles () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Finistere
Anastasia (daughter of Constantius I)

Anastasia () was a Roman woman of the Constantinian dynasty (a line of rulers who governed the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity). Anastasia was the daughter of the Roman emperor ConstantiusI, the half-sister of the emperor Constantine the Great, and the wife of Bassianus.
Anastasia's mother was Flavia Maximiana Theodora, the wife of Constantius I. (It is also possible that Anastasia was the daughter of Helena, mother of Constantine I, and not a daughter of Maximiana Theodora.)
Anastasia was written about by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus and the writer of the Anonymus Valesianus, a Latin history. The Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae says that Roman baths in Constantinople (the Romans' capital city) had Anastasia's name. Anastasia's name () may mean that her father had sympathy for Christian or Jewish culture.
There is no evidence that any of Constantius's daughters married before their father died. Anastasia's sister Constantia may have been the first to marry, and may have been the oldest of the siblings. Constantia married in 313. Anastasia herself married Bassianus in 316 or in 314. At that time, Anastasia's half-brother Constantine was emperor. He planned to make Bassianus (a junior co-emperor). Anastasia's brother-in-law Licinius (Constantine's junior co-emperor) did not want this to happen, and Bassianus did not become . After this Constantine executed Bassianus. The Anonymus Valesianus says that Bassianus's execution was because Bassianus planned treason. What became of Anastasia is unknown. The encyclopaedia Brill's New Pauly says that Anastasia "must have still been alive" when Constantine built the city of Constantinople, because of the Roman baths there with her name ().
In the 5th century, the Greek historians of Socrates Scholasticus and Sozomen both wrote that the got their name from another Anastasia, a daughter of the emperor Valens. This information is not correct.
Related pages
Eutropia (daughter of Constantius I), Anastasia's sister
References
Roman people
3rd-century births
4th-century deaths
Western European Time

Western European Time (WET, UTC+-00:00) is a time zone covering parts of western Europe, with countries using UTC+-00:00 (also known as Greenwich Mean Time, called GMT). It is one of the three standard time zones in the European Union, with Central European Time and Eastern European Time.
References
Time zones
Timberville, Virginia

Timberville, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
Astillé

Astille is a commune of 547 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
Plywood

Plywood is a manufactured wood which is made by gluing several thin sheets of wood together with the grain alternately running along the sheet then across it.
The veneer is usually about 3 millimetres thick for each layer. Interior layers of these boards are usually made from an inexpensive wood while the outer veneer layers are made from more expensive timber to give the board a nice wood grain appearance. The glued layers are heated together to make the seal become better bonded.
A common reason for using plywood instead of plain wood is its resistance to cracking, shrinking and changing shape. It is cheaper and stronger than most plain woods.
It is used to make a range of things from sheds, to cladding to cabinets. It is graded on the quality, from class A to class D, A being the best quality and D being the worst quality.
Different kinds of plywood are made for different purposes. Marine plywood, for example, is especially resistant to water. There is a world-wide industry making plywood for structural purposes. IKEA is well-known for using mostly plywood and chipboard in their indoor and outdoor furniture products.
Wood
Noah Schnapp

Noah Cameron Schnapp (born October 3, 2004) is a Canadian-American actor. Since 2016, he has appeared as Will Byers in the Netflix series Stranger Things. He also voiced Charlie Brown in The Peanuts Movie (2015).
Schnapp was born in New York City, New York, U.S. His parents are from Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
References
Other websites
2004 births
Living people
Actors from New York (state)
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American TikTokers
Western Avenue, London

Western Avenue is part of the A40, a major road running north-west out of London. Western Avenue is about long from its junction with Old Oak Common Lane in East Acton.
History
Construction began on Western Avenue in 1921. It was completed to Denham in 1943. At first, all intersections with other roads were on the ground.
References
Roads in London
Ab Anar, Shiraz

Ab Anar (, also Romanized as Ab Anar; also known as Ab Nar) is a village in Qarah Chaman Rural District, Arzhan District, Shiraz County, Fars Province, Iran.
References
Fars Province
Settlements in Iran
Charadrahyla

Charadrahyla is a group of frogs in the family Hylidae. They live in southern Mexico. The name of this genus comes from the Greek word charadra ("ravine") and Hyla. Accordingly, common name ravine treefrogs has been coined for the genus.
Taxonomy and systematics
Scientists made this genus in 2005 after looking closely at all the frogs in Hylidae. The frogs in Charadrahyla are those that used to be in the Hyla taeniopus group as defined by in 1970. The genus was originally made using molecular markers and no morphological synapomorphies, meaning that scientists only used the frogs' genes to tell whether they should be in this group. They did not use what the frogs looked like or how their bodies worked. The closet related group to Charadrahyla is the genus Megastomatohyla.
Five of the frogs in this genus were in the genus Hyla before 2005. Since then, scientists discovered two species of frogs for the first time, and placed them in Charadrahyla too. Another two were moved into Charadrahyla from Exerodonta in 2018 after scientists studied their DNA.
Description
The frogs in Charadrahyla are large for frogs. They lay eggs in streams in cloud forests and humid pine-oak forests of central and southern Mexico. Most of the male frogs in this genus are long from nose to rear end and females . But the former Exerodonta species, Charadrahyla juanitae and Charadrahyla pinorum, are much smaller, with males and females . Most species have a brownish skin on their backs with large spots (exception is Charadrahyla altipotens).
Species
As of 2019, there were ten species in this genus:
Charadrahyla altipotens (Duellman, 1968) -- yellowbelly voiceless tree frog
Charadrahyla chaneque (Duellman, 1961) -- fairy tree frog
Charadrahyla esperancensis (Canseco-Marquez, Ramirez-Gonzalez, and Gonzalez-Bernal, 2017)
Charadrahyla juanitae (Snyder, 1972)
Charadrahyla nephila (Mendelson and Campbell, 1999)
Charadrahyla pinorum (Taylor, 1937)
Charadrahyla sakbah (Jimenez-Arcos, Calzada-Arciniega, Alfaro-Juantorena, Vazquez-Reyes, Blair & Parra-Olea, 2019)
Charadrahyla taeniopus (Gunther, 1901) -- porthole tree frog
Charadrahyla tecuani (Campbell, Blancas-Hernandez, and Smith, 2009)
Charadrahyla trux (Adler and Dennis, 1972) -- spine-fingered tree frog
References
Frogs of North America
Thomas County, Kansas

Thomas County (standard abbreviation: TH) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010 census, 7,900 people lived there. Its county seat is Colby.
History
19th century
Thomas County was created on October 8, 1885. It was named after George Henry Thomas, a Union General during the American Civil War, hero of the Battle of Chickamauga. The townships of the county were named after the soldiers that died at the Battle of Chickamauga.
Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.01%) is water.
Major highways
Interstate 70
U.S. Highway 24
U.S. Highway 83
Kansas Highway 25
People
Government
Presidential elections
Thomas County is very Republican. The last time a democratic candidate has won Thomas County was in 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson.
Education
Unified school districts
Brewster USD 314
Colby USD 315
Golden Plains USD 316
Communities
Cities
Brewster
Colby
Gem
Menlo
Oakley (Part)
Rexford
References
More readings
Standard Atlas of Thomas County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 64 pages; 1907.
Other websites
County
Thomas County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
Thomas County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
1885 establishments in Kansas
The Mother and the Enemy

The Mother and the Enemy is the fourth studio album by Lux Occulta. The album was released on November 19, 2001.
References
2001 albums
Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford

On December 26, 2006, Gerald Ford, the 38th President of the United States, died at his home in Rancho Mirage, California at 6:45 p.m. local time (02:45, December 27, UTC).
Background
At 8:49 p.m. local time, President Ford's wife of 58 years, Betty Ford, issued a statement that confirmed his death: "My family joins me in sharing the difficult news that Gerald Ford, our beloved husband, father, grandfather and great-grandfather has passed away at 93 years of age. His life was filled with love of God, his family and his country."
At the age of 93 years and 165 days, Ford was the longest-lived U.S. president in history until November 25, 2017, when his record was then surpassed by George H. W. Bush, who lived to be past 94 years.
Ford was the second president to die during the presidency of George W. Bush, as well as the second to die in the twenty-first century. The first being Ronald Reagan.
Funeral
The schedule for the state funeral was announced at a press briefing on December 27 in Palm Desert, California.
President and Mrs. Ford and their family chose to have the state funeral and related services in three phases (Palm Desert, California; Washington, D.C.; Grand Rapids, Michigan), with his burial in a hillside tomb next to the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The services and ceremonies were held from December 29 through January 3.
The state funeral took place at the U.S. Capitol on Saturday, December 30, 2006, with further funeral services on January 2 at Washington National Cathedral and on January 3 at Grace Episcopal Church in Grand Rapids.
References
Other websites
Gerald R. Ford Memorial
Congressional Tribute To President Gerald R. Ford and Complete State Funeral Compilation
Program for funeral
State Funeral of Gerald Ford from the Military District of Washington (MDW)
Honoring Gerald R. Ford, USDoD website
Gerald Ford
2006 in the United States
2007 in the United States
Ford, Gerald
December 2006 events
Ford, Gerald
Marolles-lès-Saint-Calais

Marolles-les-Saint-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Brawley, California

Brawley is a city in Imperial County, California, United States.
Cities in California
Settlements in Imperial County, California
Greater Manchester Police

Greater Manchester Police is responsible for law enforcement in Greater Manchester. It was started in 1974 when Greater Manchester started.
From November 2012 to May 2017, there was a Greater Manchester Police and Crime Commissioner, but now that work is done by the Mayor of Greater Manchester.
References
Police in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in Greater Manchester
Belk Hudson Lofts

Belk Hudson Lofts (also known as Fowler's Department Store or the Lowe-Kilgore Building) is an apartment building in Huntsville, Alabama. Originally theere were two buildings. The first was built on the corner of Washington Street and Holmes Avenue in 1930, and had Fowler's Department Store inside. The second building, next to the first along Holmes Avenue, was built in 1936 as a farm supply store. Fowler's Department Store went bankrupt in 1938, and Belk Husdon purchased the corner building in 1940. Beginning in 1944, they also leased the Holmes building, and the two were joined.
After Belk Husdon left the downtown Huntsville area, the building was changed into offices in the 1980s. The Holme's building was destroyed by fire in 2007. It was later rebuilt as a loft apartment building. The original face of the building survived the fire. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
References
Huntsville, Alabama
Buildings and structures in Alabama
Ebudhou Thangjing Temple

The "Ebudhou Thangjing Temple" (, ) is an ancient temple dedicated to Thangching, the presiding deity in Ancient Moirang, a Southern province in Ancient Manipur. It is in the present day Moirang in Bishnupur district of Manipur. The millennium old legends of the Khamba Thoibi has its roots connected to the sacred temple. Legend says that the famous dance form of Khamba Thoibi Jagoi was first performed in the temple, by Khuman Khamba and Moirang Thoibi as a part of the Lai Haraoba festival.
References
Buildings and structures in Manipur
Temples in India
Charles Robert Jenkins

Charles Robert Jenkins (February 18, 1940 - December 11, 2017) was a former United States Army soldier. He lived in North Korea from 1965 to 2004 after deserting from his unit and crossing the Korean Demilitarized Zone. He was born in Rich Square, North Carolina.
On November 3, Jenkins pleaded guilty to charges of desertion and aiding the enemy, but denied making disloyal or seditious statements - the latter charges were dropped. He was sentenced to 30 days' confinement, received a dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and benefits and was reduced in rank to E-1 private (the lowest rank in the US Army). He was released six days early, on November 27, 2004, for good behavior.
On July 15, 2008, Jenkins obtained permanent residency status in Japan, just half a month after he applied for the status.
Jenkins died in Sado, Niigata on December 11, 2017 of heart failure, aged 77.
References
1940 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Military people from North Carolina
Nancy Olson

Nancy Olson (born April 14, 1928) is an American actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in Sunset Boulevard (1950). Other movies including The Absent-Minded Professor and Airport 1975 (1974). She has mostly retired from acting. Olson was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
References
American television actors
American movie actors
1928 births
Living people
Actors from Milwaukee
Moneyball (movie)

Moneyball is a 2011 American sports drama movie directed by Bennett Miller and written by Steven Zaillian and Aaron Sorkin. The movie is based on the 2003 nonfiction book by Michael Lewis. It stars Brad Pitt and Jonah Hill. They were both nominated for Academy Awards for their roles in this movie.
References
2011 drama movies
American sports drama movies
Movies based on books
Jackie Moore (singer)

Jackie Moore (1946 - November 8, 2019) was an American R&B singer. She was best known for her gold single 1970 song "Precious, Precious," which reached No. 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. She was also known for her 1979 disco hit "This Time Baby".
References
American soul singers
American R&B singers
Singers from Jacksonville, Florida
1946 births
2019 deaths
Rosnoën

Rosnoen () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
References
Communes in Finistere
Garnett, Kansas

Garnett is a city in and the county seat of Anderson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,415.
References
Cities in Anderson County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
David Blaney

David Blaney (born 3 March 1979 in England) is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a hooker.
Other websites
Guinness Premiership profile
1979 births
Living people
English rugby union players
José María Hurtado Ruiz-Tagle

Jose Maria Hurtado Ruiz-Tagle (5 March 1945 - 24 September 2018) was a Chilean politician. He was born in Santiago de Chile. He was a member of the National Renewal (RN) party and a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile between 1990 and 1998.
Hurtado Ruiz-Tagle died on 24 September 2018 in Santiago, aged 73.
References
1945 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Chile
Deaths from stomach cancer
Politicians from Santiago
Saint-Acheul

Saint-Acheul is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Mohamed Abdel-Shafy

Mohamed Abdel-Shafy (; born on 1 July 1985) is an Egyptian footballer. He plays as a left-back for Al-Ahli. He also plays for the Egypt national team.
International career
International Goals
Honours
Clubs
Zamalek SC
Egypt Cup: 2007-08, 2012-13, 2013-14 *Egyptian Premier League: 2014-15
Al Ahli
Saudi Crown Prince Cup: 2014-15
Saudi Professional League: 2015-16
King Cup: 2016
Saudi Super Cup: 2016
International
Egypt
Africa Cup of Nations: 2010
1985 births
Living people
Egypt international footballers
2018 FIFA World Cup players
Association football full-backs
Sportspeople from Cairo
Sünnet

Sunnet is a festival of circumcision of boys in Turkey and other Muslim Turkic peoples, Crimean Tatars and Turkish Gypsys. It is based on religion and cultural tradition. Mostly Turkish families in Turkey and abroad make a Sunnet party for their sons, with music and dancing. The boy has presents. More religious families will have a ceremony with a Imam. The age of the circumcised boys vary but generally it is performed when the boys are 5-7 years old. The operation is made by a special medical man, called Sunnetci (circumciser) The tradition of also includes a Kirve (Godparent), a man who holds the boy at the festival, especially in Alevism and Bektashi believers families. Circumcision is very important, because to be uncut is shameful and regarded as "not a real man"
A Sunnet party is also performed by Albanians, Bosniaks, Torbesh, Xoraxane, Pomak and Gorani people. This tradition was taken up by the Balkan Muslims when large parts of the Balkans belonged to the Ottoman Empire,
References
Turkish culture
Islamic festivals
Leutenheim

Leutenheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Custer County, Oklahoma

Custer County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It was named in honor of General George Armstrong Custer. As of 2000, 26,142 people lived there. Its county seat is Arapaho.
Geography
The county has a total area of 1,002 square miles.
Oklahoma counties
1891 establishments in Oklahoma Territory
Free Studio

Free Studio is a free set of multimedia programs created by DVDVideoSoft. The software is combination of multiple programs of different use combined in one. You can download them as one in a package or separately.
Free Studio consists of 48 programs, grouped into eight sections: YouTube to MP3 converter, Audio, CD-DVD-BD, DVD & Video, Photo & Images, Mobiles, Apple Devices, 3D.
Free YouTube to MP3 Converter is one of the five most popular software applications according to Chip Magazine.
References
Free software
Iolanda Balaș

Iolanda Balas (, , later Balazs-Soter Jolan; 12 December 1936 - 11 March 2016) was a Romanian Olympic athlete. She was a champion and former world record holder in the women's high jump. She was the first Romanian woman to win an Olympic gold medal and is considered to have been one of the greatest high jumpers of the twentieth century.
Balas was diagnosed several years ago with type II diabetes. She died in Bucharest, Romania from complications from a gastric disorder, at the age of 79.
References
1936 births
2016 deaths
Romanian sportspeople
High jumpers
Port Orange, Florida

Port Orange is a city of Florida in the United States.
Cities in Florida
Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency

The Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) is the organisation that holds the registers of drivers and vehicles for Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales). The DVLA head office is in Swansea in Wales. They are an agency of the United Kingdom government.
Related pages
Driver & Vehicle Agency, the agency for Northern Ireland (the other part of the United Kingdom).
References
Government agencies of the United Kingdom
Okanagan Lake

Okanagan Lake is a large, deep lake in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada. The lake is long, between wide, and has a surface area of 348 km2.
References
Lakes of Canada
Geography of British Columbia
Nini Amerlise

Nini Amerlise is a Canadian-Ghanaian female model.
Early life and Professional career
Nini Amerlise was born and raised in North York, Toronto, Canada. She started her modeling career in 2013.
She was chosen as the ambassador for the 2021 Ghana Models Awards.
Awards
Miss International City Pageant (2015)
Rising Star Canadian Model (2016)
Supermodel Canada (2017)
2021 Breakout Model of the Year
References
Canadian models
Yasser Seirawan

Yasser Seirawan (; born March 24, 1960) is an American chess grandmaster. He has been the United States champion four times. Seirawan won the World Junior Chess Championship in 1979. He has also written books about chess.
1960 births
living people
Chess grandmasters
American chess players
Syrian people
Poincaré conjecture

The Poincare Conjecture is a question about spheres in mathematics. It is named after Henri Poincare, the French mathematician and physicist who formulated it in 1904.
The sphere (also called the 2-sphere, as it is a 2-dimensional surface, although it is usually seen as inside a three dimensional space) has the property that any loop on it can be contracted to a point (if a rubber band is wrapped around the sphere, it is possible to slide it down to a point). Mathematicians say that the 2-sphere is simply connected. Other spaces do not have this property, for example the donut: a rubber band that goes around the whole donut once cannot be slid down to a point without it leaving the surface.
Mathematicians knew that this property was unique to the 2-sphere, in the sense that any other simply connected space that does not have edges and is small enough (in mathematician terms, that is compact) is in fact the 2-sphere. It is no longer true if we remove the idea of smallness however, as an infinitely large plane is also simply connected. Also, a regular disk (a circle and its interior) is simply connected, but it has an edge (the bounding circle).
The conjecture asks whether the same is true for the 3-sphere, which is an object living naturally in four dimensions. This question motivated much of modern mathematics, especially in the field of topology. The question was finally settled in 2002 by Grigori Perelman, a Russian mathematician, with methods from geometry, showing that it is indeed true. He was awarded a Fields Medal and the $1 million Millennium Prize for his work, both of which he declined.
The Poincare conjecture can also be extended to higher dimensions: this is the generalised Poincare conjecture. Surprisingly, it was easier to prove the fact for higher-dimensional spheres: In 1960, Smale proved it to be true for the 5-sphere, 6-sphere and higher. In 1982, Freedman proved that it was also true for the 4-sphere, for which he was awarded a Fields Medal.
Geometry
Louis de Béchamel

Louis de Bechamel, marquis de Nointel (1630-1703) was a French financier and patron of the arts.
Life
Son of Jean-Baptiste Bechamel, Louis was a rich tax farmer and superintendent to the house of the Philippe II, Duke of Orleans. In 1697, Bechamel bought the marquisat of Nointel and later became Louis XIV's head steward.
Bechamel and his wife, Marie Colbert (d. April 3, 1686) had two children, Marie Louise Bechamel de Nointel (1661 - April 2, 1740) and Louis Bechamel de Nointel (1649 - December 31, 1718).
Bechamel sauce
The white sauce called bechamel sauce (Fr. sauce bechamel) acquired its name from him for he perfected an older sauce made from cream originally made by Francois Pierre de la Varenne (1615-1678), the cook of the marquis d'Uxelles. The sauce was dedicated to Bechamel to flatter him, at which the Duke of Escars commented:
References
1630 births
1703 deaths
People with foods named after them
Elverta, California

Elverta is an unincorporated community northwest of Sacramento, California. It was named after Elverta Dike, whose husband donated property to a nearby church. It is in Sacramento County, California. The postal code of the city is 95626. In 2020 there were 5,435 people living in Elverta. Elverta is about from Sacramento, California, miles from Rio Linda, California, from Roseville, California, and from Antelope, California.
History
It was named after Elverta Dike, whose husband donated property to a nearby church. The community of Elverta/Rio Linda is on the part on the land grant of Rancho Del Paso of 1844. In 1910, a company named Fruit Land Company of Minneapolis got of the grant and in 1912 the area was splited with Elverta and Rio Linda.
Geography
Elverta is an unincoporated community and it is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area; the metropolitan area including Sacramento (State capital and County seat of California), also Arden-Arcade and Roseville.
Elverta is at (38.723216, -121.45452)
According to the United States Census Bureau, the unincorporated community has a total area of 8.8 square miles (22.9 square kilometers).
Notes
Other websites
Official website of Elverta - Rio Linda on Sacramento County Website
Elverta Joint Elementary School District
First Baptist Church of Elverta
Zip Code 95626 Detailed Profile
Elverta, California Information Epodunk.com
Elverta, CA Zip Code 95626
Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Sacramento County, California
Véronique Schiltz

Veronique Schiltz (23 December 1942 - 4 February 2019) was a French archaeologist, historian of art, and literary translator. Her works focused on steppes art. She was a member of the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres from 2011, and an Officer of the Legion of Honour.
Schiltz died in Paris on 4 February 2019, aged 76.
References
1942 births
2019 deaths
French historians
French archaeologists
Writers from Paris
French translators
Ghost Dance

Ghost Dance was a new religious movement among Native Americans. It was active from about 1860 to about 1890. These people had been forced to change their ways of life, and had lost much of their culture and identity. The Ghost Dance promised them that if they performed the "Dance" and lived the right way, they could re-unite the living and the dead, they would again be given most of the things they had lost to the whites, and the people who had caused such misery would be driven away from their land. There were also real dance rituals that they did to represent their spiritual path.
There was a lot of activity twice: the first time around 1860, and the second time around 1890. Around 1860, a Native American (Paiute) called Wodziwob had a vision. He saw that the white people would be driven away, and the people would be reunited with their ancestors' spirits, called "ghosts". He was also told how to do the dance ritual. The movement spread rapidly. Each tribe added its own elements into the Ghost Dance. The first phase ended around 1872, because it did not have success, and Wodzivob said that he was possibly wrong.
The second wave started about twenty years later. A man called Wovoka who worked at an LDS Mormon ranch started it. He was influenced by the new faith, and by some of its ideas, such as sending apostles to spread the faith. This movement spread wider, and was again adapted to each tribe's culture. The Lakota also adopted the idea of a messiah. The Lakota lived on a reservation, and the local authorities saw this as threat, when they saw 25,000 natives dance. This led to the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890, where many Natives were killed.
Wovoka wrote a letter in 1892 to the other tribes telling them that Jesus had just returned to earth that year, and that if they lived upright lives, they would be getting their lands and culture again some day, and the dead would live. He stayed out of public sight for the rest of his life after giving this message, and lived until the 1930s.
New religious movements
Native Americans
February 26 incident

The was an attempted coup d'etat in the Empire of Japan on 26 February 1936. It was organized by a group of young Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) officers. They wanted the purging the government and military leadership because of bad economic policies.
During this incident, the rebels assassinated two former prime ministers and occupied the government center of Tokyo. However, they failed in assassinating Prime Minister Keisuke Okada or take control of the Imperial Palace. With a lot of opposition against them, the rebels surrendered on 29 February.
This was the last time that a former prime minister was assassinated until Shinzo Abe's assassination in 2022.
References
Rebellions in Asia
20th-century rebellions
1930s in Japan
1936
Rina Lazo

Rina Lazo Wasem (October 23, 1923 - November 1, 2019) was a Guatemalan-Mexican painter. Lazo was born Guatemala City.
She began her career in mural painting with Diego Rivera as his assistant. She worked with him from 1947 until his death in 1957. Lazo was known for her mural works than canvases although the latter have been exhibited in Mexico and other countries making her one of Guatemala's better known artists. She was a member of the Mexican muralism movement.
Lazo died on November 1, 2019 in Mexico City of cardiac arrest at the age of 96. She was married to artist Arturo Garcia Bustos.
References
1923 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Mexican painters
People from Guatemala City
Artists from Mexico City
Visual acuity

Visual acuity (VA) is acuteness or clearness of vision, especially form vision, which depends on the sharpness of the retinal focus within the eye, the sensitivity of the nervous elements, and the interpretative faculty of the brain.
VA is a quantitative measure of the ability to identify black symbols on a white background at a standardized distance when the size of the symbols is varied. The VA represents the smallest size that can be reliably identified. VA is the most common clinical measurement of visual function.
Some people may suffer from other visual problems, such as color blindness, reduced contrast, or inability to track fast-moving objects and still have normal visual acuity. Thus, normal visual acuity does not mean normal vision. The reason visual acuity is very widely used is that it is a test that corresponds very well with the normal daily activities a person can handle, and evaluate their impairment to do them.
References
Other websites
20/20 Eyesight is Not Necessarily Perfect Catalog of Stories by Parents of Children Who Tested 20/20, Optometrists Network
Visual acuity measurement The Ophthalmology Teaching Website, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto
Visual Acuity of the Human Eye
Golovin-Sivtsev Table for testing visual acuity - used in the USSR and post-Soviet states
Visual Acuity Chapter from the Webvision reference, University of Utah
Blur simulator (for eyeglass prescriptions)
Optometry
Draper, Texas

Draper is a town in Denton County, Texas, United States.
Towns in Texas
Barlin

Barlin is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Schondra

Schondra is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Bad Kissingen (district)
Michelbach-le-Bas

Michelbach-le-Bas is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Enix

Enix was a Japanese company which published anime, manga, and video games, before merging with Square Co., Ltd. to form Square Enix. Their last game was Dragon Quest Monsters: Caravan Heart, for their most popular Dragon Quest series of role playing games which was started on the Famicom. In 2000, they setup a subsidiary to handle fingerprint identification.
1970s establishments in Japan
1975 establishments in Asia
2000s disestablishments in Japan
2003 disestablishments
Video game companies of Japan
Michael Townley (politician)

Michael Townley (born 4 November 1934) is an Australian politician. He served as a Senator for Tasmania from 1971 to 1987. He was elected as an independent but joined the Liberal Party in 1975. He was born in Hobart, Tasmania.
References
1934 births
Living people
Independent politicians in Australia
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Members of the Australian Senate
Politicians from Hobart
Merrill, Iowa

Merrill is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Thor

Thor (Old Norse: Thorr) is the god of thunder and lightning in Norse mythology, associated with strength, storms, hallowing and fertility. He is the son of Odin and Jord, the personification of the Earth, and is the strongest of the AEsir.
The champion of Asgard, Thor is said to protect both it and Midgard from the likes of the jotnar, a race of beings native to Jotunheimr. He is known in Old English as Thunor (Thunor) and in Old High German as Donar (runic thonar thonar), all of which stem from the Proto-Germanic *Thunraz, meaning "thunder".
The modern English weekday Thursday (from Old English Thunresdaeg, "Thunor's [Thor's] day") bears the god's name.
Family
Thor is the son of Odin, chief of the AEsir, and Jord, the living personification of the Earth. He is the eldest of Odin's sons and is the half-brother of Baldr, Hodr, Vidarr, and Vali.
He is married to the golden-haired goddess Sif, with whom he has a daughter, Thrudr. With his jotunn lover Jarnsaxa, Thor has two sons, Modi and Magni. He has a stepson, Ullr, who is Sif's son by a previous marriage.
Possessions
According to writings known as sagas, Thor wielded a short-handled war hammer, Mjolnir. It was fashioned for him by the dwarven brothers Eitri and Brokkr, and is said to be the most powerful weapon in all the Nine Worlds, capable of crushing even mountains. When Thor threw the hammer, it magically returned to the god's hand.
Other attributes of Thor include a pair of gauntlets known as Jarngreipr, which he is required to wear in order to wield Mjolnir, a belt, Megingjord, which doubles his strength when he wears it, and a staff, Gridarvolr, which, along with Jarngreipr, was given to him by the jotunn Gridr. Thor was believed to travel in a chariot drawn by two goats named Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjostr.
Norse gods and goddesses
Gods and goddesses of thunder
Orangetown, New York

Orangetown is a town in Rockland County, New York, United States. It is northwest of New York City, north of New Jersey, east of the town of Ramapo, south of the town of Clarkstown, and west of the Hudson River. The population was 49,212 at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in New York (state)
British Malaya

British Malaya is an area around the Malay Peninsula and Singapore Strait that was colonized by the British. It was the world's largest maker of tin and rubber. There were three parts to the British Malaya; Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, and the Unfederated Malay States. It was replaced with the Federation of Malaya in 1947 and given independence in 1957. It was formed into Malaysia in 1963.
The British started trade in this area around 1800. It became more of a British colony by the later 1800s. Malaya was an important source of rubber and other plant products. The Empire of Japan invaded and conquered Malaya and Singapore in December 1941. Malaya remained under Japanese control for the rest of World War II, with Singapore as the capital.
British Empire
History of Malaysia
History of Singapore
Former colonies in Asia
Fire hydrant

A fire hydrant, also known as a fire plug or johnny pump, is a tool used for fighting fires. They are usually found easily on streets, stuck to the road. The first fire hydrant recorded was in Philadelphia.
A fire hydrant is the primary method of firefighting in a municipal area. It is basically an outlet with a valve that provides water to the fire pumps or fire jeeps engaged in firefighting. Laws for keeping operational fire hydrants at specific intervals and with free access in buildings, factories, urban and developed areas are an important component of fire control and safety.
References
Firefighting
Globular cluster

A globular cluster is a group of stars of a similar age which orbits the central bulge of a galaxy. Gravity holds clusters together and gives them their spherical shape. Towards the centre of such clusters there are many stars in a relatively small space.
Globular clusters occur in the halo of a galaxy and in its disk. Those in the halo contain many more stars and are much older than the less dense open clusters in the disk. Globular clusters are fairly common: there are about 150 to 158 known globular clusters in the Milky Way. Large galaxies can have more: Andromeda may have as many as 500.
Some giant elliptical galaxies, particularly those at the centres of galaxy clusters, such as M87, have as many as 10,000 globular clusters. These globular clusters orbit the galaxy out to huge distances, 40 kiloparsecs (approximately 131,000 light-years) or more.
Every galaxy of sufficient mass in the Local Group has its group of globular clusters, and almost every large galaxy surveyed has a system of globular clusters. The Sagittarius Dwarf and Canis Major Dwarf galaxies appear to be in the process of donating their associated globular clusters (such as Palomar 12) to the Milky Way. This demonstrates how many of this galaxy's globular clusters might have been acquired in the past.
Observation history
The first globular cluster discovered was M22 in 1665, but individual stars in a globular cluster were not seen until Charles Messier observed M4. The first eight globular clusters discovered are shown in the table. The M before a number refers to the catalogue of Charles Messier, while NGC is from the New General Catalogue.
William Herschel began a survey program in 1782 using larger telescopes and was able to resolve the stars in all 33 of the known globular clusters. In addition he found 37 additional clusters. In Herschel's 1789 catalog of deep sky objects, his second such, he became the first to use the name globular cluster as their description.
The number of globular clusters discovered continued to increase, reaching 83 in 1915, 93 in 1930 and 97 by 1947. A total of 152 globular clusters have now been found in the Milky Way galaxy, out of probably 180 +- 20. The additional, undiscovered globular clusters are believed to be hidden behind the gas and dust of the Milky Way.
References
Star clusters
International Marxist Group

The International Marxist Group (IMG) was a Trotskyist group in Britain between 1968 and 1982. It was the British Section of the Fourth International. It had around 1,000 members and supporters in the late 1970s. In 1980, it had 682 members; by 1982, when it changed its name to the Socialist League, membership had fallen to 534. At that point all its members had joined the Labour Party.
It supported The Black Dwarf, a newspaper edited by Tariq Ali which started in June 1968. In 1970 Red Mole was started. In May 1973, the fortnightly Red Mole was replaced by Red Weekly. In June 1977, Socialist Challenge replaced Red Weekly. In December 1982, when it renamed itself the Socialist League, it began publishing Socialist Action.
References
Socialist organisations in the United Kingdom
Nikolai Ryzhkov

Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov (born 28 September 1929) is a former Soviet politician who served as the Premier of the Soviet Union during Mikhail Gorbachev's Rule from 1985 to 1991. He became a Russian politician after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Ryzhkov was Boris Yeltsin's leading opponent in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) 1991 presidential election.
Ryzhkov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour twice, the Order of the October Revolution in 1971, the Order of Lenin twice, and the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 4th class. He was named a National Hero of Armenia.
In March 2014, after the Crimean crisis, Ryzhkov was sanctioned by both the European Union and United States.
References
1929 births
Living people
Russian engineers
Heads of government of the Soviet Union
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Industrial engineers
Dendropsophus jimi

Dendropsophus jimi is a frog that lives in Paraguay and Brazil.
References
Frogs of South America
Shōtoku (era)

was a after Hoei and before Kyoho. This period started in April 1711 and ended in June 1716. During this time, the emperor was .
The nengo Shotoku means "Correct Virtue".
Events of the Shotoku Era
1711 (Shotoku 1): An ambassador from Korea was received at Court.
12 November 1712 (Shotoku 2, 14th day of the 10th month): Shogun Tokugawa Ienobu died.
1713 (Shotoku 3): Tokugawa Ietsugu became the 7th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.
1714 (Shotoku 4): The shogunate introduced new gold and silver coins into circulation.
1714 (Shotoku 4): The poet Nozawa Boncho died.
20 April 1715 (Shotoku 5, 17th day of the 3rd month): The 100th anniversary of the death of Tokugawa Ieyasu was celebrated.
Related pages
Edo period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
1711 establishments
18th-century establishments in Japan
1716 disestablishments
18th-century disestablishments in Japan
1710s establishments in Asia
Oder-Neisse line

The Oder-Neisse line (named after the Oder and Neisse rivers) is the border between Germany and Poland since the end of the Second World War. As a result of the defeat Germany lost a part of its territory to Poland. Previously, the German Empire had to cede the former Prussian provinces of Posen and Westpreussen, as well as parts of upper Silesia, to the newly founded Polish state after the First World War in 1919. In earlier centuries these territories were part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. They were annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia, as a result of the tripartite partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Kingdom Prussia, the Holy Roman Empire and the Russian Empire.
Most of the ethnically-German part of the population of these provinces, alongside most of the German minority population in what was Poland before the Second World War (741,000 people), either fled before the Red Army to central and western Germany or were forcibly resettled later. It should be noted here that German citizens of Polish descent and ethically-Polish residents of these regions and other parts of Germany faced systematic discrimination, internment in concentration camps, property-confiscations, forced-resettlement and expulsion under the Nazi administration.
Geography of Germany
1945 establishments in Germany
Geography of Poland
20th-century establishments in Poland
World War II