pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mount Roraima

Mount Roraima is the highest of the Pakaraima chain of plateaus in South America.
It was first described to Europeans by the English explorer Sir Walter Raleigh during his 1595 expedition. Raleigh learned about it from indigenous peoples.
Roraima has a summit area. It is bounded on all sides by cliffs rising .
The mountain is in Venezuela and Brazil. Mount Roraima is the point where the boundaries of Venezuela and Brazil. A stone stands on its summit, put there by the International Commission in 1931.
Mount Roraima lies on the Guiana Shield. It is the highest point of the Brazilian state of Roraima lie on the plateau, but Venezuela and Brazil have higher mountains elsewhere. The triple border point is at , and the mountain's highest point is called 'Laberintos del Norte'.
Although the steep sides of the plateau make it difficult, it was the first recorded major table-top to be climbed. Sir Everard im Thurn walked up a forested ramp on 18 December 1884 to scale the plateau. This route also used by the Clementis group in their climb of 15 January 1916. It is one of the most important mountain trekking routes in Venezuela.
References
Geography of Brazil
Mountains of South America
Geography of Venezuela
Héctor Béjar

Hector Bejar Rivera (born 2 September 1935) is a Peruvian author, academic, artist and politician. He was the minister of foreign affairs of Peru from 29 July 2021 until 17 August 2021.
On 29 July 2021, President Pedro Castillo named Bejar the new minister of foreign affairs. He resigned on 17 August 2021 amid criticism after saying that Peru's navy "had been responsible for terrorist acts" and that the CIA created the Shining Path terrorist organization.
References
1935 births
Living people
Peruvian politicians
Peruvian writers
Peruvian academics
Artists
Mělník

Melnik () is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is the capital of the Melnik District. About 20,000 people lived there. It is at the confluence of the Elbe and Vltava rivers, about north of Prague.
References
Other websites
Official website
Melnik2000.cz
Culture in Melnik
Towns in the Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region
Princes Freeway

The Princes Freeway is a freeway in Victoria, Australia. It links Geelong, Victoria to Traralgon, Victoria, via Melbourne, Victoria.
Interchanges
Western section
Eastern section
Roads in Australia
Melbourne
Shulamit Aloni

Shulamit Aloni (; November 29, 1928 - January 24, 2014) was an Israeli lawyer and politician. She founded the Ratz party. She was the leader of the Meretz party, and served as Minister of Education from 1992 to 1993. In 2000, she won the Israel Prize.
Aloni died on January 24, 2014 at her home in Tel Aviv, aged 85.
References
Other websites
Shulamit Aloni Jewish Agency
Shulamit Aloni Jewish Virtual Library
Shulamit Aloni, Knesset website
1928 births
2014 deaths
Columnists
Members of the Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
HaAvoda politicians
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli educators
Israeli political leaders
Israeli journalists
Israeli lawyers
Israeli opposition leaders
Jewish atheists
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish Israeli writers
Jewish lawyers
Jewish politicians
Meretz politicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Tel Aviv
Polish Jews
Radio personalities
Teachers
Zionists
Puerto Rico FC

Puerto Rico FC is a football club which plays in Puerto Rico.
Other websites
2015 establishments in North America
Sports in Puerto Rico
2010s establishments in the United States
Establishments in Puerto Rico
Defunct American soccer teams
Comilla Jagannath Temple

Comilla Jagannath Temple is a Hindu temple in Comilla, in southeastern Bangladesh. Its terracotta brick construction is in the typical Bengal style of temple architecture. The temple was originally built in the 16th century by Sree Sreejoktou Moharaja Rada Kishor Manikuo Bahadur, who was the king of Tripura. The statues of the deities of Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra were originally installed in a temple in Tripura from where they were subsequently shifted to this temple.
Other websites
Photograph of the Temple
Hindu temples in Bangladesh
16th-century establishments in Asia
Establishments in Bangladesh
Makoto Sugiyama

is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1983||rowspan="8"|Nissan Motors||rowspan="8"|JSL Division 1||15||0||||||||||15||0
|-
|1984||18||0||||||||||18||0
|-
|1985/86||19||0||||||||||19||0
|-
|1986/87||||||||||||||||
|-
|1987/88||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||10||0||||||||||10||0
|-
|1989/90||20||0||||||4||0||24||0
|-
|1990/91||18||0||||||0||0||18||0
|-
|1991/92||Sumitomo Metal||JSL Division 2||29||1||colspan="2"|-||1||0||30||1
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||2||0||9||0||11||0
|-
|1993||26||0||0||0||6||0||32||0
|-
|1994||rowspan="3"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|Football League||26||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||1
|-
|1995||12||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|1996||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||2||0||5||0
196||2||5||0||22||0||223||2
196||2||5||0||22||0||223||2
|}
References
FIFA
J. League
1960 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Fred Upton

Frederick Stephen Upton (born April 23, 1953) is an American politician. He is the U.S. Representative for since 1987. He is a member of the Republican Party. Upton is the first and only U.S. Representative in U.S. history to vote to impeach two U.S. presidents. He voted for the impeachment of Bill Clinton in 1998 and the second impeachment of Donald Trump in 2021. His niece is supermodel Kate Upton.
On April 5, 2022, Upton announced he would not run for reelection that year.
References
Other websites
Congressman Fred Upton official U.S. House website
Campaign website
1953 births
Living people
United States representatives from Michigan
People from Kalamazoo, Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Franz Wagner

Franz Wagner (23 September 1911 - 8 December 1974 ) was an Austrian football player. He played as midfielder mainly for SK Rapid Wien. He also played for the Austrian national football team and after the annexation of Austria for the German team.
Career
Wagner played football for the Vienna Cricket and Football Club . 1931 he went to SK Rapid Wien and played there till 1943 and from 1945 till 1949. The years betwenn he played for LSV (Luftwaffensportverein) Markersdorf. During his time with Rapid he won the Austrian championship six times and the German championship once. He was also Austrian and German cup winner once.
He made his league debut for SK Rapid Wien on 10 May 1931 in a 4-3 home win against Austria Wien. He scored his only league goal on 25 September 1932 in a 4-1 away win against Wacker Wien. At international club level he played six times for Rapid in the 1934 and 1935 Mitropa Cup.
National team
From 1933 to 1936 he played 18 matches for the Austrian national team. He was part of the squad for the 1934 World Cup in Italy, where he played four matches. After the annexation of Austria in 1938 he played three matches for Germany . He was part of the squad for the 1938 Fifa World Cup in France. He did not play there.
Manager career
After his active career he became youth coach of SK Rapid. In the 1955/56 he was coach of the first squad for a few months. At the end of the 1950s he coached the youth of Wiener AC
Honours
Austrian Champion: 1935, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1948
Austrian Cup: 1946
German Champion: 1941
German Cup: 1938
1934 FIFA World Cup: Semifinals
References
1911 births
1974 deaths
Austrian footballers
Austrian football managers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Association football midfielders
SK Rapid Wien players
SK Rapid Wien managers
Silas Silvius Njiru

Silas Silvius Njiru (10 October 1928 - 28 April 2020) was a Kenyan Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Kevote, Kenya.
Njiru was ordained to the priesthood in 1955. He served as titular bishop of Maturba and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Meru, Kenya, in 1975 and 1976. Njiru then served as bishop of the Meru Diocese from 1976 to 2004.
Njiru died on 28 April 2020 from COVID-19 in Rivoli, Piedmont, Italy at the age of 91.
References
1928 births
2020 deaths
Kenyan people
Roman Catholic bishops
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Nilüfer Gündoğan

Nilufer Gundogan (born 6 June 1977) is a Dutch politician and has a Kurdish-Turkish background.
Gundogan was born in Nazimiye, Turkey, and grew up in Weert, the Netherlands. She studied medecine and political science but did not finish her studies. She worked as a consultant and manager, among others at the municipality of Amsterdam.
She joined the Democrats 66 (D66) party in 2009 but switched to Volt Netherlands in 2018. On behalf of this party she was elected into the House of Representatives on 31 March 2021. After accusations of improper behaviour she was expelled from the Volt group in February 2022 and has gone on as an independent politician since 22 March 2022.
References
Other websites
Bio at Dutch House of Representatives
1977 births
Living people
Dutch civil servants
Independent politicians in the Netherlands
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Naturalised citizens of the Netherlands
Politicians from Limburg (Netherlands)
Schœnbourg

Schoenbourg is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Florence Littauer

Florence Littauer (April 27, 1928 - July 11, 2020) was an American Christian self-help author and public speaker. Littauer was best known for her series of books based upon the Personality Plus personality system. She was listed as one of Helen K. Hosier's "100 Christian Women Who Changed the Twentieth Century". She received the National Speakers Association's Council of Peers Award for Excellence.
Littauer was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts. She died on July 11, 2020 at the age of 92.
References
1928 births
2020 deaths
American Christians
Writers from Massachusetts
People from Haverhill, Massachusetts
Plant sap

Plant sap, or just sap, is fluid transported in xylem tubes or phloem cells of a plant. Xylem cells transport water and inorganic nutrients through the plant; phloem cells transport sugary fluids and other biological molecules.
Latex or resin is not plant sap. They are separately produced, with different components and functions.
Types of plant sap
Xylem sap
Xylem sap is mainly water, with plant hormones, mineral elements and other nutrients in a dilute solution. Sap in xylem moves from roots towards the leaves.
Phloem sap
Phloem sap is water, with manufactured sugars, other biological molecules and mineral elements dissolved in it. It flows from where carbohydrates are produced or stored to where they are used.
A large number of animals, all of the single insect order Hemiptera, feed directly on phloem sap, and make it the primary component of their diet. Phloem sap is "nutrient-rich compared with many other plant products and generally lacking in toxins and feeding deterrents, [but] it is consumed as the sole diet by a very restricted range of animals". Phloem sap is physiologically extreme in terms of animal digestion: it is thought that few animals take direct advantage of this because they lack adaptations to this diet.
Many more consume phloem sap by proxy, feeding on the honeydew (a sweet secretion) of phloem-feeding hemipterans. Honeydew is physiologically less extreme than phloem sap. Others feed on the biomass of insects which have grown on direct ingestion of phloem sap.
Many products are made from plant sap. One of them is maple syrup. Maple syrup is made using sap from sugar maple trees.
Sap colour is different for different plants.
e.g.:
Banana - colorless
members of Myristicaceae - red
members of Anacardiaceae - black
members of Gluciaceae - yellow
Symphonia globilifera - green
References
Plant physiology
Comet West

Comet West was a spectacular comet, also considered to qualify for great comet status.
It was discovered through pictures by Richard M. West, of the European Southern Observatory, on August 10, 1975. During peak brightness, observers reported that it was bright enough to study during full daylight.
Comet West was what 1973's Comet Kohoutek should have been.
The comet has an estimated orbital period of 558,000 years.
Break up
During the comet's run into the closer part of the solar system for the first time in 500,000 years, the nucleus of Comet West was seen to split into four pieces as it passed within 30 million km. of the sun.
The first report of the split came around 7 March 1976 12:30UT, when reports were received that the comet had broken into two pieces. These two pieces remained the only pieces until Steven O'Meara, using the 9-inch Harvard Refractor, reported that two additional pieces had formed on the morning of 18 March.
The breakup was one of very few comet breakups seen from historical times by the 1970s. Recently, comets Shoemaker-Levy 9, Schwassmann-Wachmann-3 (73/P), C/1999 S4 LINEAR, and 57/P du Toit-Neujmin-Delporte, have been seen to disintegrate. When seen, many were stunned, but none more so than the discoverer, Richard Martin West. The comet broke into pieces when some distance from the sun. It exploded into four pieces, and those were scattered. Later, two pieces were spotted, and studied intently by astronomers.
Other websites
Cometography.com: Comet West
Comets
Andel, Côtes-d'Armor

Andel is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Cotes-d'Armor department in the west of France.
Population
References
Communes in Cotes-d'Armor
Mermentau, Louisiana

Mermentau is a village in Acadia Parish, Louisiana, United States. 661 people lived here at the 2010 census.
References
Villages in Acadia Parish, Louisiana
Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal

The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, known as the Chicago Drainage Canal, is a canal system that connects the Chicago River to the Des Plaines River. It reverses the direction of the Main Stem and the South Branch of the Chicago River, which now flows out of Lake Michigan rather than into it. It provides the only navigation for ships between the Great Lakes Waterway and the Mississippi River system.
The Canal was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 20, 2011.
References
Geography of Chicago
Amyloplast

An amyloplast is an organelle inside a plant cell that stores starch. It is only found in starchy plants such as tubers and fruits.
Organelles
Plant physiology
Pier

A pier is a raised walkway across water. It can be a simple light wooden structure which has no effect on the current and tides, or a major structure with buildings and as long as a mile out to sea. In the United States, these may be referred to as docks. A pier can be made of wood, concrete, or other materials.
Transport buildings and structures
Red-crowned crane

The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis), also called the Japanese crane or Manchurian crane, is a large crane. It is the second rarest crane in the world after the North American whooping crane. In East Asia, it is known as a symbol of luck and fidelity. At 55 inches high, the crane does not make easy prey, for all that it stands out in its natural habitat of marshes and swamps. When it matures, the red-crowned crane is snow white with a patch of red skin on its head.
Description
In the spring and summer, the red-crowned crane lives in Siberia, where their eggs hatch. Normally the crane lays two eggs, but usually only one chick survives. Later, in the autumn, it migrates in flocks to Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, and other countries in East Asia to spend the winter. All red-crowned cranes migrate, except for a flock that stays in Hokkaido, year long.
Diet
The crane eats small amphibians, aquatic invertebrates, insects, and plants that grow in marshes and swamps.
References
Cranes
Birds of Asia
National symbols of the People's Republic of China
Daisuke Saito (footballer, born 1980)

Daisuke Saito (born 29 August 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vegalta Sendai.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="8"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||7||0||0||0||2||0||9||0
|-
|2001||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||22||1||4||0||5||0||31||1
|-
|2003||27||1||1||0||4||0||32||1
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||21||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|-
|2005||42||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||43||2
|-
|2006||J. League 1||33||1||1||0||5||0||39||1
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Sanga||J. League 2||48||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||48||2
|-
|2008||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||16||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|-
|2009||36||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||37||0
|-
|2010||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
254||8||11||0||17||0||282||8
254||8||11||0||17||0||282||8
|}
References
Vegalta Sendai
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Lost in America

Lost in America is a 1985 road comedy movie starring Albert Brooks (who also directs the film), Julie Hagerty, Maggie Roswell and Garry Marshall. It was directed by Warner Bros.
Other websites
1985 comedy movies
1980s road movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Albert Brooks
Warner Bros. movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Borås

Boras is a town in the county of Vastra Gotaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Boras Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
British Rail Class 35

The British Rail Class 35 is a class of mixed traffic B-B diesel locomotive with hydraulic transmission. On account of their Mekydro-design hydraulic transmission units, the design became known as the Hymeks.
The type was developed for the Western Region of British Railways, which had opted for lightweight locomotives with hydraulic transmission when allocated funds under the British Railways Modernisation Plan of 1955. One hundred and one of the class were built between 1961 and 1964 when it became apparent that there was a requirement for a medium power diesel-hydraulic design for both secondary passenger work and freight duties.
They were allocated to Bristol Bath Road, Cardiff Canton and Old Oak Common. None of the class was named. Withdrawal from service began in 1971, and by 1975 all had been withdrawn. Their early withdrawal was caused, primarily, by BR classifying the hydraulic transmission as non-standard. Four examples survived into preservation.
35
Raoul Pictet

Raoul-Pierre Pictet (4 April 1846 - 27 July 1929) was a Swiss physicist. He was the first person to liquefy nitrogen.
References
1846 births
1929 deaths
Swiss physicists
Scientists from Geneva
Mary Timony

Mary B. Timony (born 1970) is an American singer, guitarist, and violist. She was the singer of the indie rock band Helium.
Career
In 2000 Timony's first solo album was released.
1970 births
American guitarists
American singer-songwriters
Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae is a bacteria. It causes the disease, leprosy, also known as Hanson's Disease. The bacterium was discovered in 1873 by a Norwegian doctor named Gerhard Armauer Hansen. M. leprae is a gram-positive, aerobic rod surrounded by the characteristic waxy coating unique to Mycobacteria. In size and shape, it closes resembles M. tuberculosis. Due to its thick, waxy coating, stains with carbol-fuchsin are used, rather than with the traditional Gram staining method.
Gram-positive bacteria
Tom Schwartz

Thomas William Schwartz (born October 16, 1982) is an American television personality and businessman. He is a cast member on the Bravo reality television series Vanderpump Rules.
Early life
Thomas William Schwartz was born on October 16, 1982, in Woodbury, Minnesota, as the eldest of four children to William Schwartz and his wife, Kimberly. He has younger triplet brothers.
Schwartz graduated from Woodbury High School and attended Florida State University, before dropping out.
Career
Schwartz started his career as a model, in 2000, at the age of 18.
Schwartz made his television debut as an uncredited extra in a 2011 episode of True Blood. He also had an uncredited role in a 2013 episode of Two and a Half Men.
Schwartz was a recurring cast member on Bravo's reality television series Vanderpump Rules for the first two seasons in 2013. He was promoted to a main cast member, which he has served as, since the third season in 2014. He is a former bartender, having previously worked at Pump Restaurant, a former West Hollywood hotspot owned by Lisa Vanderpump and Ken Todd.
Schwartz is a partner with Vanderpump and Todd as a co-owner of Tom Tom Restaurant & Bar, in West Hollywood. The establishment opened in August 2018. He owns five percent of the business.
Schwartz co-launched Tom's Good Lovin', a whisky, in October 2021.
Schwartz is a partner with Greg Morris as a co-owner of Schwartz & Sandy's, in the Franklin Village neighborhood of Los Angeles. The establishment opened in November 2022.
Personal life
Schwartz met Katie Maloney, through a mutual friend, Kristen Doute, in June 2011, with their first official date in September. The two were engaged on July 8, 2015. The couple married on August 17, 2016, near Lake Tahoe, California, with the marriage officiated by Lisa Vanderpump. After the couple revealed their marriage documents were never completed, meaning they had never been married, the two officially married in a Las Vegas ceremony on July 25, 2019. Schwartz and Maloney split on March 15, 2022. Maloney filed for divorce on March 22, citing irreconcilable differences. The divorce was finalized in September.
Schwartz currently resides in Valley Village, California.
Filmography
As an actor
As himself
Source:
References
The 1619 Project

The 1619 Project is a controversial project in the United States created by Nikole Hannah-Jones, writers from The New York Times, and The New York Times Magazine. It is meant to change the country's history by talking about the effects of slavery. The project said that the United States was actually founded in 1619 when the first slaves arrived to the country.
The project was first published in August 2019 for the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in the Virginia colony.
The project was very controversial and had negative comments from many historians.
References
August 2019 events
History of the United States
1619
Roßbach, Bavaria

Rossbach is a municipality in Rottal-Inn in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Rottal-Inn
Haryanvi language

Haryanvi is a variety of Hindustani spoken in Haryana, India. It is also spoken by Muslim Haryanvi who settled in Karachi, Pakistan who call it Rangri.
References
Languages of India
Languages of Pakistan
Indo-Aryan languages
L. L. Zamenhof

Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof (; , ; - ), credited as L. L. Zamenhof and sometimes as the pseudonymous Dr. Esperanto, was an eye doctor, linguist (who creates a language), and scholar who created the international language Esperanto.
Biography
Zamenhof was born in 1859 in the town of Bialystok, Poland. At the time, Poland was a part of the Russian Empire. Bialystok contained three major groups: Poles, Belorussians, and Yiddish-speaking Jews. Zamenhof thought that one common language would join these groups and stop fights between them.
His first language was said to be Polish. His parents spoke Russian and Yiddish at home. His father was a German teacher, so Zamenhof learned that language from an early age and spoke the language fluently. Later he learned French, Latin, Greek, Hebrew and English. He also had an interest in Italian, Spanish and Lithuanian.
Zamenhof decided that the international language must have a simple grammar and be easier to learn than Volapuk, an earlier international language. He attempted to create the international language with a grammar that was rich, and complex. The basics of Esperanto were published in 1887. He translated the Hebrew Bible into Esperanto.
His grandson, Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof, was an engineer.
He was 14 times nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize between 1907 and 1917.
References
1859 births
1917 deaths
Bible translators
Esperantists
Inventors
Jewish scientists
Legion of Honour
Linguists
Polish Jews
Polish scientists
Zionists
Jimmy Weldon

Jimmy Weldon (born Ivy Laverne Shinn; September 23, 1923 - July 6, 2023) was an American voice actor, television host and ventriloquist. He was born in Dale, Texas. He was best known as the voice of the Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Yakky Doodle in The Yogi Bear Show and related series.
He was the host and ventriloquist in the locally produced television series The Webster Webfoot Show. He has also appeared in The Waltons, Dallas, Diff'rent Strokes and Tom and Jerry Kids.
Weldon died in Paso Robles, California, on July 6, 2023, at the age of 99.
References
Other websites
1923 births
2023 deaths
Actors from Texas
American voice actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Wladimiro Falcone

Wladimiro Falcone (born 12 April 1995) is an Italian footballer. He plays as a goalkeeper for Serie A Lecce, on loan from U.C. Sampdoria.
References
Italian footballers
1995 births
Living people
B. J. Ward

Betty Jean Ward (born September 16, 1944), professionally known as B. J. Ward, is an American actress and singer. She is the creator and star of Stand-Up Opera. She was born in Wilmington, Delaware. She toured with the Groundlings for a short while before starting her voice over career on Hanna-Barbera's Jana of the Jungle in 1978.
From 1966 to 1978, she was married to pianist Donn Trenner. Later, she was married to director Gordon Hunt from 1995 until his death in 2016. They had a daughter.
References
Other websites
B. J. Ward at Voice Chasers
1944 births
Living people
American movie actors
American voice actors
American video game actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Wilmington, Delaware
Singers from Delaware
Musicians from Wilmington, Delaware
Pedometer

A pedometer is an electronic device for counting the steps of its user.
History
Leonardo da Vinci thought that the pedometer would intend for military purposes.
References
Measuring tools
Fitness
Marianne Jouvenel

Marianne Muszerak-Jouvenel also written as Marie Anne Jouvenel and Mayanne Jouvenel (21 December 1924 -- 7 February 2012) was a French swimmer. She was specialized in the freestyle. She was a member of Mouettes de Paris.
She was French national champion in the 100 metre freestyle in 1941, 1942 and 1943. She was also national champion in the 400 metre freestyle in 1941, 1942, 1943 and 1944.
She was awarded the gold medal of the French Swimming Federation in 1976.
Biography
She started swimming in 1927 after her mother found out about the collective lessons of Mouettes de Paris. In July 1929 she obtained her school swimming certificate. When she was thirteen years old she swam every day in the summer and three times per week in the winter in the Lutetia swimming pool. In addition to swimming she also did stretching exercises, cycling and skiing. She had classical opera dance classes by professor Paul Raymond.
In 1939 she won the 4 x 100 metres relay with her team. She finished third in the 400 metre freestyle. In early 1941, she had measles. On 1 June at Pentecost, she fell off her bicycle and seriously injured her knee. At the 1941 national swimming championships in September she became for the first time national champion. She won the 100 metre freestyle in a time of 1:14 and also the 400 metre freestyle in a time of 5:55.4. On 6 October she broke the French 200m freestyle record with a time of 2:39.5 she swam in Marseille.
In August 1942 she became for the second time French national champion in both the 100 metre freestyle (in 1:13.7) and 400 metre freestyle (in 6:07.4) On 2 September she broke the French 400 metre freestyle record with a time of 5:44.6 she swam in Marseille. In August 1943 she became for the third time national champion in the 400 metre freestyle in a time of 6.02 and in August 1944 she became for the fourth time national champion in the 400 metre freestyle in 6:02. She became that year also for the third time national champion in the 100 metre freestyle in 6:00.2.
Personal life
Jouvenel was born on 21 December 1924 Beaumont-sur-Oise. She was the daughter of a physical teacher at professional and technical schools in Paris. They had a large wolf-dog named Dick. He was secretary of the Mouettes de Paris club in 1944. He married to M. Billy after World War II.
Jouvenel lived in the 15th arrondissement of Paris (94, rue Baland) until the 1940s. In the summer she went during holidays to Meziard, a hamlet in the department of Eure. During the Christmas holidays she went to Saint Gervais or Les Houches in Chamonix.
References
French swimmers
Sportswomen
1924 births
2012 deaths
Elmar Altvater

Elmar Altvater (24 August 1938 - 1 May 2018) was Professor of Political Science at the Otto-Suhr-Institut of the Free University of Berlin. He retired on 30 September 2004. He worked at the Institute, and to publish articles and books. He was born in Kamen, Province of Westphalia. In 1970, he co-founded the German journal PROKLA - Journal for Critical Social Science.
References
Other websites
Altvater old homepage at the Free University Berlin
New homepage at the FU
Overview of his life and work (in German)
1938 births
2018 deaths
German academics
German political scientists
Political writers
Writers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Port Republic, New Jersey

Port Republic is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
Cities in New Jersey
Phoebus cartel

The Phoebus cartel was formed by Osram, General Electric, Associated Electrical Industries and Phillips among others in 1925.
The cartel lowered operational costs and worked to standardize the life expectancy of light bulbs at 1,000 hours (down from 2,500 hours)
1925 establishments
Proviseux-et-Plesnoy

Proviseux-et-Plesnoy is a commune. It is in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Aisne department
Communes in Aisne
James Blanchard

James Johnston Blanchard (born August 8, 1942) is an American politician. He is a Democrat. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1975 through 1983, as the 45th Governor of Michigan from 1983 through 1991, and as United States Ambassador to Canada from 1993 through 1995.
Other websites
The Governor James J. Blanchard Living Library Of Michigan Political History
1942 births
Living people
Governors of Michigan
United States representatives from Michigan
Ambassadors of the United States to Canada
Politicians from Detroit
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Placodont

Placodonts were a group of Triassic marine reptiles which had heavy flat teeth. These teeth were used for crushing shellfish. Placodonts are in the Order Sauropterygia, the group that includes Plesiosaurs. Placodonts were mostly between in length, up to a maximum long. They are found in marine sediments of the Middle and Upper Triassic, 235-250 million years ago.
The first specimen was discovered in 1830, and the group was very widely distributed. Shellfish were common throughout the Mesozoic period, but this group of shellfish-eaters went extinct at the end of the Triassic. They were clearly a victim of some event which disturbed their lifestyle. The end-Triassic had several extinction events which are not well understood.
Palaeobiology
The earliest forms like Placodus, in the early to middle Triassic, looked rather barrel-shaped. Later placodonts had bony plates on their backs which protected their bodies while they were feeding.
By the Upper Triassic, these plates had grown so that some placodonts of the time looked like the sea turtles of modern day. Other placodonts developed plates that resembled the shells of horseshoe crabs and trilobites rather than those of sea turtles. These adaptations are examples of convergent evolution.
Because of their dense bone and heavy armour plating, these creatures would have been too heavy to float in the ocean. They would have used a lot of energy to reach the water surface. For this reason, and because of the type of sediment found with the fossils, it is suggested placodonts lived in shallow waters and not in deep oceans.
Feeding
The placodonts ate shellfish. Their front teeth stuck out: they would be used to dig up the shellfish, and pull them from any attachment to the ground. Inside their mouth, the teeth were large and flat: they were used to crush the shells.
"Spade-like incisors at the front, for snipping and scraping oysters from the rocks; and broad circular back teeth that acted as a pounding board to crush the shells, before the flesh was swallowed". Benton.p119
Their diet consisted of marine bivalves, brachiopods, and other invertebrates.
References
Sauropterygia
Marine reptiles
Arrondissements of the Landes department

There are 2 arrondissements in the Landes department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.
If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.
Arrondissements are further divided into cantons and communes.
The arrondissements of Landes are:
History
Since its creation, the Landes department has had few changes:
1790 : creation of the Landes department with four districts: Dax, Mont-de-Marsan, Saint-Sever and Tartas; the capital was Mont-de-Marsan
1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Mont-de-Marsan, Dax, Saint-Sever
1926 : the arrondissement of Saint-Sever is eliminated and integrated into the remaining two arrondissements
References
Landes
John Rowlands (author)

John Rowlands (1938 - 23 February 2015) was a Welsh language author of several novels including Lle bo'r gwenyn ("Where Bees May Be", 1960). He was a Professor of Welsh Literature.
References
1938 births
2015 deaths
Welsh writers
Quality

Quality is how good something is. If the quality of a product is high then that means that it is fit for its purpose. If the quality of an item is low that means that the product may break easily or not work properly. When people say something is a quality product that means that the product is of good quality. Usually higher-quality products cost more money, because the materials used to make them are better, or the way they were made was more effective. In other words, things that are low quality are cheap.
Quality is understood differently by different people, depending on what they consider quality to be. Generally, though, it is how well a product is suited to the purpose it was made for.
References
Related pages
Quantity
Characteristics
Robert Bergland

Robert Selmer "Bob" Bergland (July 22, 1928 - December 9, 2018) was an American politician. He served as a member of the House of Representatives from Minnesota's 7th congressional district from 1971 to 1977, and he served as United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1977 until 1981, during the administration of President Jimmy Carter.
Bergland died at a nursing home in Roseau, Minnesota on December 9, 2018, aged 90.
References
1928 births
2018 deaths
United States Secretaries of Agriculture
United States representatives from Minnesota
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Leather subculture

Leather subculture is the name for a group of people who have a sexual fetish about leather clothing. Most of them are gay, and they associate with BDSM. The subculture developed in the United States, after the Second World War. At the time, most used a motorcycle.
LGBT
BDSM
Tim Wilson (comedian)

Timothy Collins "Tim" Wilson (August 5, 1961 - February 26, 2014) was an American stand-up comedian and country musician. He released many comedy albums. He worked with Capitol Records in Nashville. He made many appearances on the John Boy and Billy, Big D and Bubba and Bob and Tom Show.
Wilson died from a heart attack. He was aged 52.
References
Other websites
Tim Wilson at MySpace
CMT profile
1961 births
2014 deaths
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S state)
Comedians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Columbus, Georgia
François Mignet

Francois Auguste Marie Mignet (8 May 1796 - 24 March 1884) was a French journalist and historian of the French Revolution.
References
Other Websites
1796 births
1884 deaths
Members of the Academie francaise
French historians
Intel Core i9

Intel Core i9 (Codename Skylake) is a name that Intel uses for the computer processors it makes for desktop and laptop computers. It part of the Intel Core series of processors.
They can have a Cache of 17-25 MB, 12-18 Cores and 24-36 Threads, depending on the processor.
References
Intel Core processors
Cristina Fernández de Kirchner

Cristina Elisabet Fernandez de Kirchner (February 19, 1953), also called Cristina Fernandez, CFK or Cristina Kirchner, is an Argentine attorney and politician. She has been the Vice President of Argentina since 2019. She was the President of Argentina from 2007 to 2015. She was born in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province. She is the daughter of Eduardo Fernandez ( of Spanish descent) a bus driver, and Ofelia Esther Wilhelm (of German descent). She is a lawyer and she was married to former Argentinian president Nestor Kirchner from 1975 until his death in 2010.
She was elected president in October 2007. She was re-elected to a second term in October 2011.
On 30 September 2020, the federal criminal cassation court confirmed the corruption trials of Fernandez de Kirchner, ruling the former president's objections to be inadmissible. After analyzing the claims of the defendants in the case for the never-ratified Memorandum with Iran, on 7 October 2021, the Federal Oral Court 8 declared the case null and void. The judges concluded that there was no crime in the signing of the agreement with Iran, and declared a judicial dismissal of Cristina Kirchner and the other defendants. On 6 December 2022, she was sentenced to six years in prison and a lifetime ban from holding public office for corruption, and has stated her intention to appeal the verdict.
Assassination attempt in 2022
On September 1, 2022, after 9:00 p.m., the Brazilian Fernando Andres Sabag Montiel attempted to assassinate Cristina Kirchner outside her home in the Recoleta neighborhood. He pointed a 380-caliber Bersa pistol at his head and fired the shot but the bullet did not come out, and he was subdued by security personnel. The Vice President of Argentina was unharmed. It happened when she was returning to her home and signing books.
References
1953 births
Living people
Argentine lawyers
First Ladies and Gentlemen of Argentina
Nestor Kirchner
Politicians from Buenos Aires
Presidents of Argentina
Roman Catholics
Vice presidents of Argentina
Ivan Pavlov (movie)

Ivan Pavlov () is a 1949 Soviet drama movie directed by Grigori Roshal. It stars Aleksandr Borisov, Nina Alisova, and Nikolai Plotnikov.
Actors
Aleksandr Borisov as Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Nina Alisova as Varvara Antonovna Ivanova
Nikolai Plotnikov as Nikodin Vasilyevich
Maryana Safonova as Sarafina Pavlova
Fyodor Nikitin as Gleb Mikhailovich Zvantsev
Grigory Shpigel as Professor Petrushev
References
Other websites
1949 drama movies
Soviet drama movies
Movies directed by Grigori Roshal
Marco Zanchi

Marco Zanchi (born 15 April 1977) is an Italian football player. He plays for Vicenza.
Club career statistics
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Atalanta||rowspan="2"|Serie A||9||0
|-
|1995/96||10||0
|-
|1996/97||Bari||Serie B||0||0
|-
|1996/97||ChievoVerona||Serie B||6||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Udinese||rowspan="3"|Serie A||7||0
|-
|1998/99||12||0
|-
|1999/00||23||0
|-
|2000/01||Juventus||Serie A||5||0
|-
|2000/01||Vicenza||Serie A||14||3
|-
|2001/02||Hellas Verona||Serie A||30||1
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Bologna||rowspan="2"|Serie A||18||0
|-
|2003/04||5||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="4"|Messina Peloro||rowspan="3"|Serie A||28||0
|-
|2005/06||0||0
|-
|2006/07||32||2
|-
|2007/08||Serie B||24||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Vicenza||rowspan="2"|Serie B||37||1
|-
|2009/10||||
260||7
260||7
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Mineralogy

Mineralogy is the study of minerals. Minerals are things that make rocks. There are many different types of minerals. Some are hard, like diamonds. Some are soft, like talc. Some are metal, like gold or silver. Minerals are put into special groups of minerals made of similar chemicals, or that have similar structures inside. For example, the chemicals that make up some minerals line up in chains, while in other minerals, they make bow-tie shapes.
Studying minerals can be useful for figuring out certain things about a rock. Sometimes the shape or size of the mineral can tell something about the rock as well. For example, minerals in igneous rocks can help figure out how long the rock took to cool down (turn from lava into a rock). Larger minerals mean the rock cooled slowly (probably underground). Smaller minerals mean the rock cooled down quickly (probably above ground, like from a volcano). The type of mineral in a rock can also tell what kind of a rock it is, or what has happened to the rock since it formed. Many rocks are named based on what kinds of minerals they have.
Mineralogists (people who study minerals) study minerals in rocks with hand lenses (a magnifying glass), and in thin section (thin slices of rock) with microscopes. They record things about the minerals like how big they are, what shape they are, what color they are, and if the mineral changes colors when you turn it. Mineralogists also record what color minerals turn in a special light. These details can help mineralogists figure out what minerals they are looking at.
Minerals can be used in a lot of different things, like mining, jewelry, farming, pottery, making metals, and more . Mineralogists can help find important minerals in the Earth using what they know and learn.
Other websites
International Mineralogical Association
Mineralogical Association of Canada
Virtual Museum of the History of Mineralogy
The Giant Crystal Project
The Geological Society of America
subfields of geology
Wilson prime

A Wilson prime is a special kind of prime number. A prime number p is a Wilson prime if (and only if [ iff ])
where n is a positive integer (sometimes called natural number). Wilson primes were first described by Emma Lehmer.
The only known Wilson primes are 5, 13, and 563 ; if any others exist, they must be greater than 5. It has been conjectured that there are an infinite number of Wilson primes, and that the number of Wilson primes in an interval is about
.
Compare this with Wilson's theorem, which states that every prime p divides (p - 1)! + 1.
Related pages
Wieferich prime
Wall-Sun-Sun prime
Wolstenholme prime
Notes
References
Other websites
The Prime Glossary: Wilson prime
Status of the search for Wilson primes
Wilson Quotients for composite moduli
On congruences involving Bernoulli numbers and the quotients of Fermat and Wilson
Classes of prime numbers
Amersfoort

Amersfoort is a city in the middle of the Netherlands. The city is between the hills of the "Heuvelrug" and the valley of the river Eem. It is located in the province of Utrecht. 2023 the population of the city was 160,902. It is the second-largest city in the province and the fifteenth-largest in the country. Amersfoort is known for being one of the largest railway junctions in the Netherlands. In 2009, Amersfoort celebrated its 750th anniversary as a city.
Economy
The city has many international companies located there:
Royal VolkerWessels Stevin N.V., a big European construction-services business.
FrieslandCampina, a Dutch dairy cooperative.
Royal HaskoningDHV, consultants and engineers.
Golden Tulip Hospitality Group, an international hotel chain called Golden Tulip Hotels
Yokogawa Electric, an electrical engineering and software company.
There are also several non-governmental organizations and foundations:
Christian Union, a Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands.
Oikocredit, the headquarters of a global cooperative society that provides financing for economic development with a focus on poverty alleviation.
Socialist Party, a left-wing social-democratic political party in the Netherlands.
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Utrecht (province)
John Aloisi

John Aloisi (born 5 February 1976) is an Australian football player. He plays for Sydney.
Club career statistics
|-
|1991/92||Adelaide City||National Soccer League||1||0
|-
|1992/93||Standard Liege||First Division||0||0
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="3"|Royal Antwerp||rowspan="3"|First Division||7||2
|-
|1994/95||16||3
|-
|1995/96||12||2
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Cremonese||rowspan="2"|Serie A||22||2
|-
|1996/97||26||2
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Portsmouth||rowspan="2"|First Division||38||12
|-
|1998/99||22||13
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Coventry City||rowspan="3"|Premier League||16||5
|-
|1999/00||7||2
|-
|2000/01||18||3
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Osasuna||rowspan="4"|La Liga||29||9
|-
|2002/03||32||8
|-
|2003/04||33||6
|-
|2004/05||26||6
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Deportivo Alaves||La Liga||33||10
|-
|2006/07||Segunda Division||25||6
|-
|2007/08||Central Coast Mariners||A-League||12||7
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Sydney||rowspan="2"|A-League||16||2
|-
|2009/10||||
29||9
35||7
48||4
101||35
178||45
391||100
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1997||11||7
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||2||1
|-
|2001||10||7
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||2||0
|-
|2004||5||2
|-
|2005||8||5
|-
|2006||10||4
|-
|2007||5||1
|-
|2008||1||0
|-
!Total||55||27
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Sportspeople from Adelaide
Colorado River (Argentina)

The Colorado River is a river in the south of Argentina. The man-made Embalse Casa de Piedra dam is on the river. It starts on the eastern slopes of the Andes. It ends in the Atlantic Ocean just south of Bahia Blanca.
Rivers of Argentina
Electoral division of Fannie Bay

Fannie Bay is an electoral division of the Northern Territory. It was created in 1974.
Fannie Bay is in Darwin.
Election results
References
Fannie Bay
Havaily District

Havaily District () is part of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan.
Districts of Azad Kashmir
1984 Republican National Convention

The 1984 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States. It was held on August 20 to August 23, 1984, at Dallas Convention Center in downtown Dallas, Texas. The convention nominated President Ronald W. Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush for reelection.
References
Other websites
CNN: Address on Foreign Policy delivered August 20 by Jeane Kirkpatrick, Ambassador to the United Nations
C-SPAN: [rtsp://video.c-span.org/project/c04/c04072904_reagan84.rm Acceptance Speech] delivered August 23 by President Reagan
1984 in the United States
1980s in Texas
20th century in Dallas
United States presidential nominating conventions
Republican Party (United States)
August events
Glennys Ramona Rosario de la Cruz

Glennys Ramona Rosario De la Cruz (born October 22, 1990, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a member of the Dominican Parliament and co-founder of iBAN Online.
She holds a degree in Social Communication from the Catholic University of Santo Domingo, specializing in Public Relations. Rosario De la Cruz worked for AAA Dominicana, S.A. While pursuing her degree, Rosario De la Cruz gained experience in business operations at J&D International Business SRL. In 2016, at age 25, Rosario De la Cruz co-founded iBAN Online in the Dominican Republic. Under her leadership, the company secured a seed capital grant from the Republic of China, Taiwan, in its first year.
iBAN Online with the impulse of Glennys Rosario is a founding member of the Dominican Fintech Association. For its 3rd anniversary in 2019 iBAN was located in one of the most important business centers in Santo Domingo, Citi Tower and had more than 200 employees. The company saw considerable success domestically and, in 2019, expanded operations to Mexico City, with Rosario De la Cruz assuming the role of CEO. In 2020, with the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, iBAN Online Dominican Republic and Mexico launched a promotion in which the company offered 4 to 6 months of free payments to support entrepreneurs.
References