pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hot Club de Paris

Hot Club de Paris are a band which came from Liverpool, United Kingdom. They are signed to the London-based Moshi Moshi Records, a record company, and released their debut album Drop It 'Til It Pops in October 2006. Their second album, Live at Dead Lake, was released in June 2008.
History
The band formed in early 2004 after band members Matthew and Paul met in 2003 working at Chester racecourse. It's other members were playing in different bands in the Liverpool music scene including street punkers Down and Outs and new wave popsters Victor FME.
They both loved American punk rock bands (Minutemen, Firehose, SST Records bands etc.) and they became interested in math rock and experimental indie bands which influenced their music a lot. They signed to Moshi Moshi Records in 2005, and have since toured around the world to support the release of their debut record.
They have been shown on a number of music-based TV shows in the UK and their record played airplay on a number of radio stations including BBC Radio1, BBC 6 Music and XFM, whose DJ John Kennedy has championed the band. Kennedy claimed that their debut album is 'one of the best of 2006'.
They have toured with a number of bands including Jamie T, Maximo Park and The Who.
They played at the 2007 SXSW music festival in Austin, Texas and have toured in the UK, Italy, Belgium, Ireland, Spain, France, Sweden, Iceland, Germany, Switzerland, the United States, Holland and India.
They recorded their second album (Live at Dead Lake) in Chicago with Brian Deck. Brian Deck has previously produced Iron and Wine and Modest Mouse. It was released in 2008.
They released two EPs in 2010: With Days Like This As Cheap As Chewing Gum, Why Would Anyone Want To Work? and The Rise And Inevitable Fall Of The High School Suicide Cluster Band. Tracks from these EPs were released on the album Free The Pterodactyl Three in 2011.
Singles
"Sometimesitsbetternottostickbitsofeachotherineachotherforeachother" (2006) UK #126
"Everyeveryeverything" (2006) UK #140
"Shipwrecked" (2007) UK #153
"Clockwork Toy/You can call me Al" (2007) UK #N/A
"Will You Still Be In Love With Me Next Year?" (2007)
"Hey! Housebrick" (2008)
"My Little Haunting" (2008)
Compilation contributions
Hot Club De Paris have released several tracks on compilation albums, including Can You Hear Me Clearly?, on Moshi Moshi records, and a rare CDR release Munkyfest v7.0, released by the organisers of the Munkyfest festival.
Sources
Interview
BBC gig review
Article on gigwise
Other websites
Official website
Interview on www.krugermagazine.com
Official hotclubdeparis myspace
HCdP page on Moshi Moshi Records web site
album review on This is Fake DIY
English rock bands
Musical groups from Liverpool
University of Groningen

The University of Groningen (Dutch: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen), shortened to UG, is a public university in Groningen, a city in the province of Groningen, the Netherlands.
The University of Groningen was established in 1614.
It has about 34,000 students.
Its focus is on all sorts of sciences.
Other websites
1614 establishments
1610s establishments in Europe
Groningen
Groningen (city)
17th-century establishments in the Netherlands
Tracy Pollan

Tracy Pollan (born June 22, 1960) is an American actress. She is best known for her work on the sitcom Family Ties She is married to actor Michael J. Fox. They have 4 children. Pollan was born on June 22, 1960 in Long Island, New York.
Pollan is from Russian Jewish descent.
Other websites
1960 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American television actors
Jewish American actors
Michael J. Fox
P Cygni

P Cygni is a blue supergiant star located in the constellation Cygnus. It is 76 times larger than the Sun and 30 times more massive. P Cygni is a luminous blue variable (or LBV for short) star, maybe even the first one discovered.
Related pages
WR 102ka
LBV 1806-20
References
Supergiants
Hypergiants
Variable stars
Ashburn, Virginia

Ashburn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Loudoun County, Virginia. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 43,511. It is northwest of Washington, D.C..
70 percent of the world's Internet traffic passes through Ashburn.
References
Census-designated places in Virginia
Multiplexer

In electronics, a multiplexer or mux (occasionally the term mul-dex is also found, for a combination multiplexer-demultiplexer) is a device that selects one of many analog or digital input signals and outputs it into a single output line. This process is termed: multiplexing.
An electronic multiplexer makes it possible for several signals to share one expensive device or other resource, for example one A/D converter or one communication line, instead of having one device per input signal.
An analog multiplexer is a special type of analog switch that connects one signal selected from several inputs to a single output.
A digital multiplexer is a set of parallel switches, with selector that selects one of the input digital channels to outputs into the single digital output channel. The selector selects one of the input channels according to the digital command (number) it receives.
In electronics, a demultiplexer (or demux) is a device taking a single input signal and selecting one of many data-output-lines, which is connected to the single input. A multiplexer is often used with a complementary demultiplexer on the receiving end.
An electronic multiplexer can be considered as a multiple-input, single-output switch, and a demultiplexer as a single-input, multiple-output switch.
In telecommunications and signal processing, a multiplexer is a device that combines several input information signals into one output signal, which carries several communication channels, by means of some multiplex technique. A demultiplexer is in this context a device that takes a single input signal that carries many channels and separates the channels over multiple output signals.
One cost-saving use for multiplexers is connecting a multiplexer and a demultiplexer (or demux) together (called mul-dex) over a single communication channel (by connecting the multiplexer's single output to the demultiplexer's single input). The image to the right demonstrates this.
In this case, the cost of implementing separate channels for each data source is more expensive than the cost of implementing the multiplexing/demultiplexing functions.
At the receiving end of the data link a complementary demultiplexer is normally required to break single data stream back down into the original streams.
In some cases, the far end system may have more functionality than a simple demultiplexer and so, at the same time as the demultiplexing still exists logically, it may never actually happen physically, such as in network address translation where a number of IP private network users are multiplexed over a single public IP address.
References
M. Morris Mano and Charles R. Kime, Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, Prentice Hall, Inc., 2008
Electronic circuits
Dal Richards

Dallas Murray "Dal" Richards, CM, OBC (5 January 1918 - 31 December 2015) was a Canadian big band leader.
Richards led his band for many years in a weekly CBC Radio show broadcast nationally from the Panorama Roof Ballroom of the Hotel Vancouver. , Richards also hosts a weekly one-hour show on radio station CISL. Richards is commonly thought to be the lyricist of "Roar You Lions Roar", the fight song of the BC Lions football club set to the music of "I Love the Sunshine of Your Smile".
References
1918 births
2015 deaths
Bandleaders
Musicians from Vancouver
Wheldrake

Wheldrake is a village and a civil parish about southeast of the city of York in England. In 2011, the parish had a population of 2,107. The parish of Wheldrake covers an area of . It was established before 1066. It was in the possession of Fountains Abbey in the Middle Ages. Wheldrake became part of a landed estate until the mid 20th century. It has a significant conservation area and a nature reserve of international importance. This, named Wheldrake Ings, is about 8 miles south of York. It is where many wildflowers flourish and rare birds prosper.
References
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
Villages in North Yorkshire
Cyclone Batsirai

Intense Tropical Cyclone Batsirai was a powerful tropical cyclone that hit Madagascar. Batsirai formed on 24 January 2022. It became a moderate tropical storm on 27 January, after which it became an intense tropical cyclone.
20 deaths have been reported in the country.
References
2022 disasters in Africa
February 2022 events
2020s in Madagascar
Batsirai
Mauritius
Reunion
Pseudis paradoxa

The paradoxical swimming frog, paradox frog, jackie, jacky, proteus frog, swimming frog, or paradoxical frog (Pseudis paradoxa) is a frog that lives in Colombia, the Guianas, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Bolivia, Trinidad, and Peru.
Most adult frogs are 45 to 65 mm long from nose to rear end, but some of them can be more than 75 mm long.
The skin on the frog's back is green toward the head and front. It is brown toward the rear end. It can have three or four brown lines. The frog's belly is white.
This frog eats insects and smaller frogs.
This frog mates after rain or other wet weather. The male frogs hide next to plants near the top of the water and sing for females. The females lay eggs that look like green froth on the top of the water.
If the mother frog lays eggs in a temporary body of water (the kind that dries up), the tadpoles turn into frogs quickly. If the mother frog lays eggs in a permanent body of water, the tadpoles stay tadpoles for a long time. These tadpoles grow to huge sizes.
The tadpoles of this frog can grow to be 22.0 cm long, much larger than the adult frogs. This is one of the largest tadpoles of any frog in the world. It is smaller when it is an adult than when it is a tadpole.
The name "paradox" here means "riddle" or "something backwards." For this frog, it means that the tadpole is larger than the adult.
References
Frogs of South America
Sardar Zulfiqar Ali Khan Dullah

Zulfiqar Ali Khan is a Pakistani politician who has been the member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since May 2013.
Early life and education
He was born on 19 May 1954 in Chakwal.
He graduated in law from University of Karachi in 1997 and has a degree of Bachelor of Arts and a degree of Bachelor of Laws.
Political career
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) from Constituency PP-22 (Chakwal-III) in Pakistani general election, 2013.
References
1954 births
Living people
Politicians from Punjab, Pakistan
Jorma Kinnunen

Jorma Vilho Paavali Kinnunen (15 December 1941 - 25 July 2019) was a Finnish athlete. He competed mainly in the javelin throw. He was born in Pihtipudas. He competed for Finland in the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City where he won the silver medal.
Kinnunen died after a long illness on 25 July 2019, aged 77.
References
1941 births
2019 deaths
Finnish athletes
Finnish Olympic silver medalists
Javelin throwers
Orrery

An orrery is a mechanical model of the Solar System. It shows the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons. It is usually a heliocentric model.
The Greeks had working planetaria. The first orrery that was a planetarium of the modern era was produced in 1704. One was presented to Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery - hence the name. They are usually driven by a clockwork mechanism. The globe in the centre represents the Sun, and a planet is at the end of each arm.
The first known orrery was the Antikythera mechanism, variously dated from 60 to 150 BC.
References
Scientific modeling
Machines
1704
Pat Summerall

George Allen "Pat" Summerall (May 10, 1930 - April 16, 2013) was a former American football player and television sportscaster.
Summerall was born on May 10, 1930 in Lake City, Florida.
He started color commentatory on CBS Sports before replacing Ray Scott as lead play by play. He was paired with Tom Brookshier and especially John Madden. Summerall and Madden moved to FOX in 1994 until 2001 when they were replaced by Joe Buck, Troy Aikman, and Cris Collinsworth.
He filled for Mike Patrick in 2004 who recovered from heart surgery. Summerall also called a few Cotton Bowls for Fox before retiring for good. During his time at CBS, Summerall called American Basketball Association, NBA, college basketball games, tennis and golf tournaments.
In 1990, Summerall vomited on an airplane after a Bears-Redskins matchup and was out for a long time. He was replaced by Verne Lundquist who filled in for Summerall who was assigned to call the Tennis U.S. Open.
In 1999 he was inducted into the American Sportscasters Association Hall of Fame.
Summerall died on April 16, 2013 from cardiac arrest which were complications of hip surgery in a hospital in Dallas, Texas, aged 82.
References
1930 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from surgical complications
College basketball broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
New York Giants players
Tennis broadcasters
Golf broadcasters
College football broadcasters
La Luna (movie)

La Luna also known as Luna is a 1979 Italian-American drama movie directed by Bernardo Bertolucci and starring Jill Clayburgh, Matthew Barry, Veronica Lazar, Tomas Milian, Renato Salvatori, Fred Gwynne, Peter Eyre, Roberto Benigni. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1979 drama movies
American drama movies
Italian drama movies
Movies directed by Bernardo Bertolucci
Movies set in Rome
Balsareny

Balsareny is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.
Municipalities in Catalonia
Pot

Pot is also a different (slang) word for marijuana (Cannabis).
A cooking pot is a vessel to cook in. It is often larger than a pan, and will be taller than it is wide.
Pots are used for boiling liquids, like soups or stew.
Cookware and bakeware
Gilbert and Sullivan

Gilbert and Sullivan were two men who worked together during the late 19th century to write fourteen well known comic operas. W.S. Gilbert wrote the words to the operas, while Arthur Sullivan was the composer who wrote the music.
Gilbert and Sullivan introduced innovations in content and form that influenced the development of musical theatre in the 20th century. The operas have also influenced political discourse, literature, film and television. Their operas are still commonly performed today, and some have been turned into movies. Many of the operas are very funny, and the songs are often parodied.
Producer Richard D'Oyly Carte brought Gilbert and Sullivan together and helped their collaboration. He built the Savoy Theatre in 1881 to present their joint works, and founded the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, which performed and promoted their works for over a century.
Operas
Thespis, or The Gods Grown Old (1871)
Trial by Jury (1875)
The Sorcerer (1877)
H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass That Loved a Sailor (1878)
The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty (1879)
Patience, or Bunthorne's Bride (1881)
Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri (1882)
Princess Ida, or Castle Adamant (1884)
The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu (1885)
Ruddigore, or The Witch's Curse (1887)
The Yeomen of the Guard, or The Merryman and his Maid (1888)
The Gondoliers, or The King of Barataria (1889)
Utopia, Limited, or The Flowers of Progress (1893)
The Grand Duke, or The Statutory Duel (1896)
References
Oisemont

Oisemont is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Nancy Adams

Jacqueline Nancy Mary Adams (Born: 19 May 1926; Died: 27 March 2007) was a New Zealand botanist. She studied zoology and botany at Wellington Girls' College and Victoria University of Wellington. Her detailed and delicate algae illustrations got international attention. Her awards include the Loder Cup in 1964, the Queen's Service Order and the Commemoration Medal.
Books
Mountain Flowers in New Zealand, 1980
Wild Flowers in New Zealand, 1980
Seaweeds of New Zealand:An illustrated guide, 1994
References
1926 births
2007 deaths
Botanists
New Zealand scientists
List of Bob's Burgers episodes

Below is a list of Bob's Burgers episodes.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2010-11)
Season 2 (2011-12)
Season 3 (2012-13)
Season 4 (2013-14)
Season 5 (2014-15)
Season 6 (2015-16)
Season 7 (2016-17)
Season 8 (2017-18)
Season 9 (2018-19)
Season 10 (2019-20)
Season 11 (2020-21)
References
Other websites
Lists of animated television series episodes
Vulpecula

Vulpecula is a northern constellation (group of stars). People say that it looks like a fox. It is not very bright. None of the stars in Vulpecula are brighter than the 4th magnitude in Vulpecula. It is in the middle of the Summer Triangle, three stars that make the shape of a triangle in the sky.
Deep sky objects
Dumbbell nebula
Constellations
Melissa George

Melissa Suzanne George (born 6 August 1976) is an Australian actress. She played Angel Parrish in Home and Away. She then moved to the United States. After that, she acted in Friends, Grey's Anatomy and In Treatment.
George was born in Perth, Western Australia.
References
1976 births
Living people
Actors from Perth, Western Australia
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Lincoln Memorial

The Lincoln Memorial is a memorial building. It was built to remember Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. He led the nation during the American Civil War. The memorial is in the National Mall in Washington, D.C., and is a popular site for tourists.
Design
The Lincoln Memorial was built to look like the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, Greece. The main focus of the memorial is Daniel Chester French's sculpture of Lincoln, seated on a throne. It is surrounded by thirty six columns which are high. There is a large reflecting pool right outside the steps.
Inside
A sculpture of Lincoln sitting on a chair is inside the Memorial. The statue shows the President looking towards the reflecting pool and the Washington Monument. The statue is 19 feet 9 inches (6 m) tall and wide, and was carved from 28 blocks of white marble.
These words are written on the wall behind the sculpture:
This is a complicated sentence and was written long ago. It means that Abraham Lincoln will forever be remembered here, just like he will be remembered by the people of the United States, who he saved.
Lincoln's famous speech, the Gettysburg Address, is written into one of the walls at the Memorial. There are also several murals on the other walls. One of the murals shows an angel, and another one shows a slave being freed.
Famous events
Due to Lincoln being associated with freeing the slaves, the Memorial has been a center for civil rights protests in the United States. In 1939, Marian Anderson sang there because she could not sing at Constitution Hall. The Memorial has been used many times for famous events. Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream speech was given on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. President Richard Nixon once met with protesters of the Vietnam War, who were at the Memorial. A concert was given for President Barack Obama at the Memorial before he took office.
The Lincoln Memorial on U.S. currency
The Lincoln Memorial has been on the back of the United States penny (the one cent coin) for many years, as well as the five dollar bill. Both have a picture of Lincoln on the front.
References
Buildings on the National Mall
Abraham Lincoln
Monuments and memorials in the United States
1922 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Washington, D.C.
Florida Senate

The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. The Senate is made of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of about 470,000 residents.
As of 2018, Republicans hold the majority in the chamber with 23 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 17 seats.
References
State upper houses in the United States
Government of Florida
Liurana alpina

The alpine eastern frog or alpine papilla-tongued frog (Liurana alpina) is a frog. It lives in Tibet. Scientists have seen it between 2700 and 3200 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of Asia
Antônio, Prince Imperial of Brazil

Antonio of Orleans-Braganza (born 24 June 1950, Rio de Janeiro) is a member of the Imperial House of Brazil and the Prince Imperial of Brazil according to the disputed claims of the Imperial Family's Vassouras branch, being the second in the line line of succession to the Brazilian throne as heir to his elder brother Bertrand, Prince of Brazil.
He came from the younger branch, known as the branch of Vassouras, of the House of Orleans-Braganza and, for Brazilian monarchists who were supporters of this branch, he occupies second place in the order of succession to the extinct throne of Brazil, after his brother, Bertrand, Prince of Brazil.
Titles and Styles
24 June 1950-9 July 2022 His Highness Prince Antonio of Brazil
15 July 2022-present: His Imperial Highness The Prince Imperial of Brazil
(https://royalty.miraheze.org)
Honors
References
Brazilian royalty
1950 births
Taruga fastigo

Taruga fastigo is a frog. It lives in Sri Lanka. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Morningside Estate, near Sinharaja Forest Reserve, 1060 m above sea level.
The adult male frog is 35.3 to 39.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 54.8 to 63.9 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is brown or dark green in color. There is a mark on the frog's back that looks like an hourglass. There are bumps on the edges of the hourglass and near the rear end.
There are fewer of these frogs than there were. This is because human beings change the places where the frogs live. Human beings cut forests to get wood to build with and build farms.
Name
Scientists name this frog fastigo because of its pointed nose.
First paper
References
Frogs of Asia
Euanthe (moon)

Euanthe or is a moon of Jupiter which is not fully round. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2001. It was given the designation .
Euanthe is about 3 kilometres in diameter. It orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 20,465,000 km in 598.093 days. This orbit is at an inclination of 143deg to the ecliptic (142deg to Jupiter's equator) with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2001.
It was named in August 2003 after Euanthe, who was the mother of the Graces, according to some Greek writers.
Euanthe is in the Ananke group, retrograde non-spherical moons which orbit Jupiter between 19,,300,000 and 22,700,000 km, at inclinations of about 150deg.
References
Jupiter's moons
Jessica Mauboy

Jessica Hilda Mauboy (born 4 August 1989) is an Australian R&B singer-songwriter and actress. In 2006, she was runner-up on the fourth season of Australian Idol. After this, she signed for Sony Music Entertainment. She has released three studio albums, one live album, three soundtrack albums, one extended play and 35 singles. She was a guest performer at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2014. She competed for Australia at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2018. She has also appeared in the movies Bran Nue Dae (2010) and The Sapphires (2012). She has also starred in the drama television series The Secret Daughter since 2016.
Mauboy was born in Darwin, Northern Territory. Her mother is an Indigenous Australian and her father is from West Timor.
References
Other websites
1989 births
Living people
Australian movie actors
Australian pop singers
Australian singer-songwriters
Australian television actors
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Indigenous Australian musicians
Musicians from the Northern Territory
R&B singers
People from Darwin, Northern Territory
Legal burden of proof

The burden of proof () is a level of proof that a party seeking to prove a fact must reach before it is accepted in a court of law.
In a criminal case the burden of proof is on the prosecution. A defendant is not required to prove his or her innocence. The standard the prosecution must reach is proof of their version of the facts beyond a reasonable doubt. In a civil trial the burden of proof is on the one bringing the case to court, called the plaintiff. In a civil trial the burden of proof is on the plaintiff. The standard that must be met is that the "preponderance of the evidence" (weight of the evidence) is enough to prove their case.
Affirmative defense
If a defendant in a civil or criminal case wants to provide an alternative set of facts to those provided by the prosecution or the plaintiff, this is called an "affirmative defense". This shifts the burden of proof to the defendant to prove his or her version of the facts. The defendant would seek to excuse or justify his or her actions that brought the lawsuit. Common affirmative defenses include entrapment, Self-defense, unclean hands, insanity, and the statute of limitations.
Preponderance of the evidence
Preponderance of the evidence, also known as the "balance of probabilities" is the standard required in most civil cases. It is also used in family court for determinations solely involving money, such as child support under the Child Support Standards Act.
The standard is met if the proposition is more likely to be true than not true. The standard is satisfied if there is greater than fifty percent chance that the proposition is true. Lord Denning, in Miller v. Minister of Pensions, described it simply as "more probable than not." Until 1970, this was also the standard used in juvenile court in the United States. This is a far lower burden than "beyond a reasonable doubt," the threshold a prosecutor must meet in criminal trials.
Beyond a reasonable doubt
This is the highest standard used as the burden of proof in common law countries. It usually only applies in criminal proceedings. If there is a real doubt, based upon reason and common sense after careful and impartial consideration of all the evidence (or lack of evidence) in a case, then the level of proof has not been met. If the jury, or judge in a bench trial, has no doubt as to the defendant's guilt, or if their only doubts are unreasonable doubts, then the prosecutor has proved the defendant is guilty.
References
Legal terms
Lindsay Hartley

Lindsay Nicole Korman (born April 17, 1978) is an American actress. She played Theresa Lopez-Fitzgerald Crane Winthrop on Passions, Cara Castillo on All My Children and Arianna Hernandez on Days of Our Lives. She was born in Palm Springs, California.
References
1978 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from California
People from Palm Springs, California
Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!

Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die! is the fourth studio album recorded by American rock band, Panic! At The Disco. This is also the first album introducing bassist, Dallon Weekes, who originally joined the band on tour in 2009.
The album was named after a quote from Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die! made it to number two on Billboard's Top 200 soon after it was released. "There's some glitz, some glamour, but there's also the dingy, old Vegas side to the music", lead vocalist, Urie states to MTV. He also explained that the content of the album reflects on experiences he had. Overall, he expressed his desire for the album to be ''"music that makes you feel good."
2013 albums
Rock albums
Panic! at the Disco albums
Unsere Liebe Frau im Walde-St. Felix

Unsere Liebe Frau im Walde-St. Felix () is a comune in South Tyrol in Trentino-Alto Adige/Sudtirol, Italy.
References
Other websites
Homepage of the municipality
Settlements in Trentino-Alto Adige/Sudtirol
B'Day Anthology Video Album

B'Day Anthology Video Album is a video album, released by the American R&B singer-songwriter Beyonce. It was released alongside B'Day Deluxe Edition on April 3, 2007.
Track listing
2007 albums
Beyonce albums
Troll Pencil

Troll Pencil is a British animated series produced by IceFox TV channel (ICEFOX Productions).It was shown for the first time on May 12, 2022 and so far on IceFox TV, and its events are about a pencil drawing things, and an eraser erasing things that weren't good.
Troll Pencil is the UK's first children's television series, aimed at children 4-9 years of age. However, the series was dubbed into Korean and shown on EBS.
Plot
The series is set in a big city and there is a pen coming into the world, Alice and Lewis are holding a beautiful cake but it has fallen, however, someone named Simia is playing with Lewis. Burning the house, he saves the pen and Lewis for Alice, but the shark eats Alice and she saves him, however, what happens if Simia wears a shirt without taking it off, but the eraser wipes the clothes and reveals that he drew a Hello Kitty drawing on his back, so they laugh at Lewis, Charlie and the policeman at his drawing, with That, Lewis sings a nice song to impress the girls, but he fails, they make the girls angry because because of the failure, it looks like Lewis is hungry and wants Sausage, he chokes, hungry again, he wants sausage but he disappeared by the eraser and Lewis cries hard for the sausage, when he thinks of Charlie He wants to paint Simia's back, but he draws Poop on Simia's back, and Charlie screams.
Episodes
The Love Girl
This Fatty is Bad
The Love at Winter
The Toys
Fiesta Challenge
Cheating Lips
The Emoji Star
Children's watching Troll Robber
Poopy Playtime
Virus Bad
Lewis Musically Song
The Super Strong
Alice & Lewis going to IceFox Fashion
Exposed Face
Love Again
Alice Birthday
The Nurse
Broadcasting
It premiered in the UK on IceFox TV, as a premiere, Arabic dub show on Family TV in the IceFox block, and aired exclusively on the Korean version of the series and shown on EBS 1.
Censorship
The series has been censored, see Censorship in Troll Pencil.
Episodes are censored
The Love Girl
This Fatty is Bad (Censored)
The Love at Winter
The Toys (Censored)
Fiesta Challenge (Censored)
Cheating Lips
The Emoji Star (Censored)
Children's watching Troll Robber (Censored)
Poopy Playtime (Censored)
Virus Bad
Lewis Musically Song (Censored)
The Super Strong (Censored)
Alice & Lewis going to IceFox Fashion (Censored)
Exposed Face (Censored)
Love Again
Alice Birthday (Censored)
The Nurse (Censored)
Other websites
IceFox TV on YouTube
Animated television series
IceFox original programming
Ciaran Bourke

Ciaran Bourke (February 18, 1935 - May 10, 1988) was an Irish singer. He was part of the group The Dubliners. His songs included "Penny Lettermore" and "Roddy McCorley".
Bourke was born in Dublin. He died due to complications of an aneurysm near the brain, age 53.
1935 births
1988 deaths
Singers from Dublin
Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party

The Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party (SFF) is an agrarian and conservative political party in Australia.
History
The party was created in 1992 as the Shooters Party. Originally it was only active in New South Wales, but it later spread to other states and territories as well as federal politics. In 2009, it was renamed the Shooters and Fishers Party. It was renamed to its current name in 2016.
The party currently has two seats in the New South Wales Legislative Council and one in the Victorian Legislative Council. It has previously elected one member to the Western Australian Legislative Council (who did not get re-elected) and three to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (who all became independents).
Policies
As the name suggests, the party supports more gun rights and farming. It also focuses on regional and rural issues, healthcare and law and order (including tougher sentences for people who use guns for the wrong reasons).
References
Political parties in Australia
Barney Bear

Barney Bear is an American series of animated cartoon short movies. It was made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio. The title character is an anthropomorphic bear who just wants peace and quiet. The 26 Barney Bear cartoons were made between 1939 until 1954.
Animated movie series
Fictional bears
MGM cartoon characters
1939 movies
1940s movies
1950s movies
English-language movies
Vadim Petrov

Vadim Petrov (24 May 1932 - 7 December 2020) was a Czech composer. He was of Russian-Czech descent. He was born in Prague. Petrov taught music at the Prague Conservatory and at Jaroslav Jezek Conservatory.
Petrov died on 7 December 2020 in Prague at the age of 88.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Czech composers
Writers from Prague
Wallis, Texas

Wallis is a city in Austin County, Texas, United States.
Cities in Texas
Azula

Azula is a fictional character in Nickelodeon's animated television series Avatar: The Last Airbender. The character and series were created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko.
Azula is voiced by Grey DeLisle and will be played by Elizabeth Yu in the Netflix live-action television remake. Her family is her mother Ursa, her father Ozai, her uncle Iroh, and her brother Zuko.
References
Animated characters
Characters of Avatar: The Last Airbender
Fictional characters introduced in 2005
Timothy M. Dolan

Timothy Michael Dolan (born February 6, 1950) is an American cardinal of the Catholic Church. He is the tenth and current Archbishop of New York since 2009.
Dolan was the President of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops from 2010 to 2013.
Dolan is widely known for his conservative views. He was Archbishop of Milwaukee from 2002 to 2009 and Auxiliary Bishop of St. Louis from 2001 to 2002.
Dolan was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
References
1950 births
Living people
American cardinals
American theologians
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
Writers from Milwaukee
Writers from New York City
Action theory

Action theory is an area in philosophy that talks about theories about the processes that cause intentional (willful) human body movements.
The philosophy of action
Some Philosophers ask the question 'What is an action?' or 'What makes somebody do an action?'. Here are two theories.
The belief-desire (want-think) theory
Some philosophers say that an action is caused by a person wanting something and thinking that by doing that action they can get it. For example, if I want an apple and think that by walking to a table with some apples on it I can get one, then I will walk to the table. It is important to have both a want (desire) and a thought about how to get it (belief).
If I think that by walking to a table with some apples on it I can get an apple, but want an orange and not an apple, then I will not walk to the table. If I want an apple, but think that the table across the room is just a picture of a table, then I will not walk to the table.
The neurological (brain) theory
Other philosophers say that the want-think theory is not true. They say that it is my brain and my nerves that causes an action. They see the brain as working like a computer that directs small electric packages from some nerves to other nerves and stores some for a while in memory. These packages cannot be named, they are just like computer bits and bytes. These philosophers say that we talk about what we want and what we think because the brain is very complicated and we do not understand it yet.
These questions form part of the philosophy of mind.
Branches of philosophy
Iolanthe

Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri is an operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the seventh of the team's fourteen operettas. It opened at the Savoy Theatre on 25 November 1882. It had a run of 398 performances. It is the first of the operettas to have its first performance at the Savoy. The story is about a group of immortal fairies who find themselves on a different side as the House of Peers. The opera makes fun of many parts of British government and law.
Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
1880s operas
Olfactores

Olfactores is a group, called a clade, in taxonomy. Taxonomy is the way scientists put living things in groups to show how they are related to each other. Olfactores is part of the phylum Chordata, animals with notochords. These are rods of tissue that form inside the developing embryo. In many organisms, the notochord helps the spine or nervous system grow, but some animals have only a notochord and no spinal bones. Olfactores contains Vetulicolia, Tunicata (Urochordata) and Vertebrata (also named Craniata). Most animals in Chordata are also in Olfactores. Only the animals in Cephalochordata are in Chordata but not Olfactores.
Scientists started to think taxonomy needed a special name for this group of living things in 2006. They studied large numbers of data and saw a pattern that said the organisms in Olfactores had a relationship with each other that they did not have with cephalochordates. The name olfactores comes from Latin word olfactus for "sense of smell." Scientists named this clade "Olfactores" because the animals in it grow a pharynx as part of their respiratory system and use it to breathe. Cephalochordates, for example the lancelet, do not have respiratory systems and they do not have any organs whose job is only to smell things.
Phylogeny
References
Chordates
Taxonomy
Spontaneity (chemistry)

The spontaneity of a process refers to whether or not the reaction would occur without an input of energy, because of the value of the reaction's Gibbs free energy.
The Gibbs free energy is given by:
where refers to the Gibbs free energy, to the enthalpy change, to the temperature (in Kelvin) and to the entropy change.
If the Gibbs free energy change is 0 or negative, the reaction is said to be spontaneous and can occur without an input of energy into the system. If the Gibbs free energy were above 0, the reaction would not be spontaneous and would require an input of energy in order for it to proceed.
In equilibrium reactions, a reaction one way will be spontaneous, while the reverse reaction will be non-spontaneous. Therefore, using a general formula for equilibria:
A <=> B + C
If the formation of compounds and from were spontaneous, the formation of compound from and would be non-spontaneous.
An example of a spontaneous process is the conversion of diamond into graphite, because graphite has a more thermodynamically stable structure. An example of a non-spontaneous process would be the combustion of methane in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, as this requires an input of energy.
References
Chemical reactions
Physical chemistry
Mulhal Mughlan

Mulhal Mughlan is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.
References
Union Councils of Chakwal District
London Film Academy

London Film Academy (LFA) is a British film school. It is located in Fulham, London, England. It was created in 2001 as a non-profit. The main purpose of the school is to teach courses on skills used to make movies.
History
London Film Academy was created in 2001. It was made to teach movie courses that focused on the art of celluloid filmmaking. The school has lecturers that were active within the movie industry globally.
References
film schools
Schools in London
2001 establishments in England
Notre-Dame de Reims

Notre Dame de Reims is a cathedral in Reims. It was built in the 13th century. It is not as old as Notre-Dame de Paris or Notre-Dame de Chartres. The building process started in 1211. Most of the works were done in 1275. It was built before the Cathedrals of Strasbourg, Amiens and Beauvais, which are also called Notre Dame.
The cathedral is one of the best examples of Gothic architecture. It has been a World Heritage Site since 1991. In 2006, about 1.5 million people visited it.
The Kings of France were crowned in this cathedral. The last coronation ceremony was that of Charles X of France in 1825.
References
Roman Catholic cathedrals
Cathedrals in France
Reims
13th-century buildings and structures
Ockelbo

Ockelbo is an urban area in the county of Gavleborg in Sweden. It is the seat of Ockelbo Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Gavleborg County
World population

The world's population is the number of people on Earth. It is increasing all the time because more people are being born than are dying. The population of the world can be changed by other causes such as extinction level events, and natural and un-natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, war). In November 2022, the United Nations said the Earth's population had reached 8 billion.
Related pages
Population
Overpopulation
World Population Day
Population growth
Further reading
YAN Kun(2011). The tendency equation of the population and its limit value in the United Kingdom (Brief annotation of the connection equation(R)), Xi'an: Xi'an Modern Nonlinear Science Applying Institute.
References
Other websites
Graph of the Population of the Earth
World Clock
Population
Ladislaus III of Hungary

Ladislaus III was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1204 to 1205. He was born in 1200 and died in 1205.
References
Other websites
1200 births
1205 deaths
Wartmannsroth

Wartmannsroth is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Bad Kissingen (district)
Robert Ito

Robert Ito (born July 2, 1931) is a Canadian actor. He is of Japanese ancestry. He is known for his roles as Sam Fujiyama on the 1976-83 NBC series Quincy, M.E. and Larry Mishima on the 1980s CBS primetime soap opera Falcon Crest.
References
Other websites
1931 births
Living people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian voice actors
Actors from Vancouver
Cavalaire-sur-Mer

Cavalaire-sur-Mer is a commune of 7,499 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
References
Communes in Var
Sfiso Buthelezi

Sfiso Buthelezi (born 1961) is a South African politician. He was appointed Deputy Minister of Finance in 2017. He is a member of the country's ruling party the African National Congress.
References
Living people
1961 births
South African politicians
Airborne transmission

An airborne transmission is transmission of diseases through small particulates that can be passed through the air over time and distance.
Diseases that can be infected through airborne transmission may be viruses, bacteria, or fungi, and they may be spread through breathing, talking, coughing, sneezing, raising of dust, spraying of liquids or even flushing toilets.
References
Medical emergencies
Nadhim Zahawi

Nadhim Zahawi (; born 2 June 1967) is an Iraqi-born British politician who was recently Chairman of the Conservative Party and Minister without Portfolio from 25 October 2022 to 29 January 2023. He was the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 6 September to 25 October 2022. He was the Chancellor of the Exchequer from July 2022 to September 2022. He is a member of the Conservative Party. He has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Stratford-on-Avon since 2010.
Zahawi was Secretary of State for Education from 2021 to 2022 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment from 2020 to 2021.
In July 2022, Zahawi announced his candidacy to be Leader of the Conservative Party in the leadership race to replace Boris Johnson. He was eliminated from the election in the first round of voting on 13 July.
Notes
References
1967 births
Living people
People from Baghdad
UK MPs 2010-2015
UK MPs 2015-2017
UK MPs 2017-2019
UK MPs 2019-present
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Iraqi politicians
Chancellors of the Exchequer
Tilapia

Tilapia are fish that are often farmed for food, or kept as pets in aquariums. They live in warm, fresh water, but some species live in brackish water. The fish are found in Africa, North and South America, India, and Sri Lanka.
They are listed as some of the worlds worst introduced species. They can quickly take over from native fish in rivers. This has happened in places like in the Endeavour River, in Queensland, Australia. These fish are thought to have been released into the river from an aquarium.
References
Teleosts
Edible fish
Punjab States Agency

The Punjab States Agency was a political office of the British Indian Empire. The agency was created in the 1930s, on the model of the Central India Agency and Rajputana Agency. It dealt with forty princely states in northwest India. formerly dealt with by the British province of the Punjab province. The Punjab Hill States agency was created from it in 1936.
After 1947, most of the states agreed to join the Union of India. The rest joined the Dominion of Pakistan.
History of Punjab
1930s in India
Menorah (Hanukkah)

The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, is a nine-branched lamp or candleholder used on the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah. It is used to celebrate, remember, and honor the historical miracle of Hanukkah.
Its shape is an upright stand with eight equal branches to hold a candle or oil with a wick. A ninth branch, at the center or to one side and usually taller, is the shamash (). The shamash is lit first, then used to light the others, while a prayer is recited. One of the branches is lit on the first night, two on the second, etc., which lasts eight nights.
References
Hanukkah
Religious symbols
Scale (map)

A map scale is the size of an object compared to the size of the object's smaller representative on a map. This can be shown by a scale bar and a ratio 1:n. The reader can measure a distance on the map to know what is the distance on the ground.
People sometimes speak of a map as one with a "large scale" or "small scale". A "large scale" map makes things look large, and a "small scale" map makes things look small. For example, an island displayed on a 1:10,000 map will appear larger than if it were displayed on a 1:25,000 map. Thus, the former is "large scale". What can be confusing is that for a map of a given physical size, say 11 by 17 inches, a "large scale" map will have a smaller geographic extent than a "small scale" map centred on the same point.
Maps with a ratio of 1:50 000 or larger (for example, 1:40 000 would be larger) are considered large scale. Maps with a ratio of 1:50 000 to 1:250 000 are considered intermediate scale. Any maps with a smaller scale (for example 1:300 000) are considered small scale.
Related pages
Scale (ratio)
References
Cartography
Measurement
Ali Mahdi Muhammad

Ali Mahdi Muhammad (, ) (1 January 1939 - 10 March 2021) was a Somali businessman and politician. He was President of Somalia from 26 January 1991 to 3 January 1997.
On 10 March 2021, Muhammad died in Nairobi, Kenya from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya at the age of 82.
References
1939 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of Somalia
African businesspeople
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic
Herma

A herma, commonly in English herm, is a sculpture with a head and sometimes a torso, above a tall squared pillar. Often a phallus was carved at the appropriate height.
The form originated in Ancient Greece and was adopted by the Romans and revived in the Renaissance in the form of term figures. The name of the god Hermes comes from the word herma, and the sculptures originally represented him.
The ancient Greeks and Romans were very superstitious, and the sculptures had an apotropiac function. They were placed at cross-roads and on the borders of lands as protection.
In Athens, they were placed outside houses, temples and gymnasiums for good luck and to avert harmful or bad influences, like the evil eye. They would be adorned with garlands, wreaths, offerings and anointed with oil to obtain luck and protection.
Gallery
Ancient Greek statues
Marie Osborne

Marie Osborne Yeats (born Helen Alice Myres; November 5, 1911 - November 11, 2010), was an American actress, credited as Baby Marie between 1914 and 1919.
Osborne was born on November 5, 1911 in Denver, Colorado. She was raised in Long Beach, California. Osborne was married to Frank J. Dempsey from 1931 until they divorced in 1936. They had one daughter, Joan. Then she was married to Murray F. Yates from 1945 until his death in 1975. Osborne died on November 11, 2010 in her home in San Clemente, California from natural causes, aged 99.
References
Other websites
NitrateVille Obituary
Baby Marie Osborne 1999 profile
Literature on Baby Marie Osborne
2005 biography of Baby Marie Osborne
Marie Osborne Yeats at Find A Grave
1911 births
2010 deaths
American silent movie actors
American child actors
Actors from Denver
Actors from Long Beach, California
Swinton, South Yorkshire

Swinton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, a county in England. 11,701 people lived in Swinton in 2011.
Education
Swinton has a secondary school called Swinton Community School. The school has a sixth form.
References
Towns in South Yorkshire