pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Namadi Sambo

Mohammed Namadi Sambo (born 2 August 1954) is a Nigerian politician who was Vice President of Nigeria from 19 May 2010 to 29 May 2015. Before then, he served as the Governor of Kaduna from 2007 to 2010.
Biography
Sambo attended his primary school education at the Baptist Primary School in Kakuri Kaduna state in the year 1959, he then moved to Kobi Primary School, in Bauchi state and finally went to Towns School, Zaria where he obtained his First School Leaving Certificate (FSLC). After completing his primary school education, Sambo went to Government Secondary School, Zaria and obtained his West African School Certificate (WASC) in 1971.
While in 1972, Sambo was admitted to School of Basic Studies at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (ABU) and later got admission to study Architectural science at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Where he graduated in 1976 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Architecture (B.Sc,) (Hons)
Also, in 1978, Sambo went on and obtained a Masters Degree in Architecture (M.sc) from the same university. Lastly, in 1978, Sambo was posted to the Ministry of Works and Housing for his National Youth Service in Oyo states.
As Governor
In May 2007, Sambo assumed office as Governor of Kaduna State. Where by his term ended on 18 May 2010. Sambo had an 11-point agenda as Governor of Kaduna State which was mainly focus on empowering the youth and women of the community and to address a very good security for the state. While still serving as governor, he was picked by the president of Nigeria to become the Vice President of Nigeria in early 2010.
As Vice President
After the death of President Umaru Yar'Adua, Goodluck Jonathan became the President of Nigeria. Jonathan nominated Sambo as Vice President and his official correspondence conveying the nomination of Sambo for the VP position was received by the National Assembly on 15 May 2010. On 18 May 2010, the National Assembly approved the nomination.
On 19 May 2010, Namadi Sambo was formally sworn in as the Vice-President of Nigeria.
References
1954 births
Living people
Politicians from Kaduna State
Amateur

The word amateur is normally used to mean: somebody who does something (e.g. a job) without being paid for it, or without having had training or education for it.
The opposite of an amateur is a professional. He (or she) will expect to be paid a professional fee for the job.
The word "amateur" comes from a French word meaning: "lover of". An amateur is someone who does something (e.g. play the piano, football) because they enjoy doing it. They are not doing it in order to be paid. It is not how they earn money to live.
People often forget the real meaning of the word "amateur". It is often mistakenly used to mean: someone who is not good at something. On the other hand, an amateur might be described as having done a very "professional" job, i.e. done it as well as someone who is paid.
Although one might expect a professional to be better than an amateur, this is not always the case. Someone might be a very good amateur pianist, possibly better than some professionals.
In some jobs it would be impossible for amateurs to be allowed to work. One cannot have amateur doctors or lawyers. In some areas, however, amateurs have been very useful in fields including computer programming and astronomy and birdwatching. Wikipedia, for example, is written by amateurs.
Sport
In some sporting events, all players are professional or all are amateur. Many events mix professional and amateur participants.
In some sports (e.g. tennis or football) in the past, amateurs and professionals would not compete against one another. This was not always because amateurs were thought to be not as good as professionals. In some countries, such as Great Britain in Victorian times, this was because of social class distinction. Amateur cricketers were rich gentlemen from the upper classes who did not want to associate with people from lower classes. This attitude slowly changed during the 20th century.
Until the 1970s most Olympic events were for amateurs. Athletes were disqualified if they received money for the event, or in some cases even if they had been paid for sporting events outside the Olympics.
Related pages
Hobby
Amateur radio
Volunteering
References
Hobbies
Occupations
Joanna Modes

Joanna Modes is a Polish actress, businesswoman, and charity activist. She was born on May 21, 1985, in Szczecin, Poland. She gained attention as the girlfriend of Formula One driver Robert Kubica. She is the Founder of the Modes Art Gallery Foundation.
Early Life and Education
Joanna Modes is the first daughter of Robert Bagration-Mukhraneli and Wioleta von Tiele-Winckler. She has a younger sister named Viktoria Magdalena. Her family has Georgian, Italian, Polish, and German ancestry, and they follow different faiths.
Modes graduated from Marymount High School in Los Angeles, California, in 2004. She then pursued her education at the Poznan Academy of Performing Arts (PAPA). She completed a TV Presenting course at the Polish National TV Academy (TVP). She later took a management course at the London Business School.
Career
Modes started her career by modeling at charity events and making appearances in movies, theaters, and commercials. In 2006, she interned for a political party in Georgia. Her involvement in politics caused issues with her family. This led to her being legally disinherited in September 2008. She changed her name to Joanna Modes.
She volunteered to support charities during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019. In 2022, she founded the Modes Art Gallery Foundation, providing grants to lifesaving charities.
Personal Life
In 2009, Joanna Modes sued her family for emotional abuse and reached an out-of-court settlement. She changed her name to Joanna Modes. In 2004, she gained attention for her relationship with footballer Chris Long. She later met F1 driver Robert Kubica, became friends, started dating in 2012, and reunited in 2017.
References
Yōhei Kōno

is a Japanese politician. He was the President of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives from November 2003 until August 2009, when the LDP lost its majority in the 2009 election.
Kono was speaker for the longest length since the set up of House of Representatives in 1890.
He was the president of the Japan Association of Athletics Federations from 1999 to 2013.
References
1937 births
Living people
Speakers of the House of Representatives (Japan)
Seamus Coleman

Seamus Coleman (born 11 October 1988 in Donegal, Republic of Ireland) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Everton.
Biography
Seamus Coleman grew up in Killybegs, Donegal and played for Killybegs local team St Catherine's. Coleman is a right-back and can also play right midfield and has represented the Republic of Ireland both at Under-21 and Under-23 level, making his international debut for the Under-21s in a friendly against Sweden in 2008. He began as a central midfielder before switching to full-back. Coleman signed for Sligo Rovers in 2006 having begun his career at hometown side Killybegs. The Donegal-born full-back signed for the Blues at the end of the January transfer window in 2009 for 40,000 pounds, having had reported interest from Celtic, Birmingham City, and Ipswich Town. Coleman linked up with Andy Holden and Alan Stubbs in the Blues' reserve team squad.
International career
Seamus has represented Ireland at under 21 level and under 23 level. He won his first full Ireland cap against Wales on the 8th February 2011.He also was picked for the Macedonia game on the 26th of March, But pulled out with an ankle injury.
References
1988 births
Living people
Irish footballers
People from County Donegal
Constantine Maroulis

Constantine Maroulis (born September 17 1975) is an American singer, actor and writer from New York. He was on the popular television program American Idol. With his past work experiences, he stands out from other American Idol singers. Before he was on television, he sang in the rock band Pray for the soul of Betty. Right now, he is taking a break from his band to sing on his own. He is the first Idol alum to sign a contract for the making of a new television sitcom.
American rock musicians
American Idol contestants
Musicians from New York City
Singers from New York City
1975 births
Living people
Volvera

Volvera is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Settlements in Piedmont
The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia

The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia is a book about The Legend of Zelda video game series. It shows the timeline of the fictional events in the series as written by Nintendo. It also has artwork of games in the series, a short manga, and a foreword (a short piece of writing found at the beginning of a book) and afterword (a short piece of writing found at the end of a book) written by people who created the series.
It was first released in Japan on December 21, 2011. It was released for the series' 25th anniversary and the release of The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword. It was later released in English on January 29, 2013.
The book topped Amazon.com's list of best-selling books. It also topped The New York Times Best Seller list in the "Hardcover Advice & Misc." category.
References
Other websites
Official web page for the English version
2011 books
The Legend of Zelda
Ebba von Sydow

Ebba von Sydow (born February 18, 1981 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a Swedish journalist and author. She is the great-granddaughter of Swedish prime minister Oscar von Sydow, and also related to actor Max von Sydow and politician Bjorn von Sydow.
1981 births
Living people
Writers from Gothenburg
Swedish journalists
Audruicq

Audruicq is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Anne Donovan

Anne Theresa Donovan (November 1, 1961 - June 13, 2018) was an American women's basketball player and coach. From 2013 to 2015, she was the head coach of the Connecticut Sun. She was born in Ridgewood, New Jersey.
In her playing career, Donovan won two Olympic gold medals, and went to three Final Fours overall. She was honored in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1995, and became a member of the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2015.
As a professional basketball coach, she guided the Seattle Storm to their first title in 2004, becoming the first woman to coach a WNBA Championship team (as well as the youngest person to coach a WNBA champion, at age 42).
After coaching the Indiana Fever and the Charlotte Sting earlier in her career, Donovan joined the New York Liberty as an assistant coach in the spring of 2009.
Donovan died on June 13, 2018 of heart failure at the age of 56.
References
Other websites
Connecticut Sun profile
1961 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American Olympic gold medalists
American basketball players
Sportspeople from New Jersey
People from Ridgewood, New Jersey
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Paternoster

A Paternoster is a type of elevator. Its design is different from that of other elevators. It has several cabins that constantly move up and down. They are linked on a chain. People can stop on or off at any floor they like.
Paternosters have advantages and disadvantages. As an advantage, it is always possible to take them in either direction. Since the elevator moves at a slow speed, it is slower than a modern elevator. It takes longer to get to distant floors. Also, using a paternoaster takes some training. Paternosters are nearly impossible to use for disabled people.
Elevators
Adam Smelczyński

Adam Smelczynski (14 September 1930 - 14 June 2021) was a Polish trap shooter. He competed at six Olympics between 1956 and 1976. He won one silver medal in 1956.
References
1930 births
2021 deaths
Polish Olympic silver medalists
Sport shooters
Melissa Altro

Melissa Altro (born May 16, 1982) is a Canadian voice actress from Montreal, Quebec. Prior to having a career in voice acting, Altro guest-starred on a 1994 episode of the YTV/Nickelodeon series Are You Afraid of the Dark?. Altro also provides the voice of Gretchen in the Teletoon/Disney XD animated series Camp Lakebottom. Altro is perhaps best known for voicing Muffy Crosswire on the PBS Kids animated television series Arthur (1996-present).
Actors
Nobuyuki Oishi

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Oishi was born in Hiroshima on September 12, 1939. After graduating from high school, he joined Yawata Steel (later Nippon Steel). The club won 1964 Emperor's Cup. In 1965, Yawata Steel joined new league Japan Soccer League. He retired in 1970. He played 61 games and scored 21 goals in the league.
On March 3, 1964, Oishi debuted for Japan national team against Singapore.
Statistics
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|1964||1||0
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!Total||1||0
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References
Other websites
1939 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Nippon Steel Yawata SC players
All Japan Student Go Federation

All Japan Student Go Federation (Quan Ri Ben Xue Sheng Wei Qi Lian Meng ) is a Japanese student Go organization for holding university Go championships. They have branches in each regions (Kanto, Kansai, Kyushu, Tohoku etc.).
Differences with other organizations
In Japan, most Go tournaments are held by Nihon Ki-in or Kansai Ki-in. All Japan Student Go Federation and their branches are made for student games. They are not under direct control but have close relation with them.
Tournaments
They are holding various tournaments with corporate sponsors.
World Students Go Oza Championship
This is a game to give the student world champion trophy since 2003. Players from each region (including Taiwan, Europe, Oceania etc.) will compete. The expected games in 2020 have been cancelled due to the COVID-19 outbreak.
All Japan University Go Championship
This is a team competition by each university. Teams that have cleared regional preliminaries can attend. Each team can send only 5 members and substitutes. The sponsor is Yomiuri Newspaper (as same as Yomiuri Giants).
All Japan Female Student Honinbo
This is the only one game that limits participants by gender. The sponsor is Mainichi Newspaper. Some winners have eventually obtained professional status, or became top amateur players.
All Japan Student Go Best 10
This is the only one game that allows the attendance of high school and graduate students. It is held since 1964. The sponsor is Asahi Shinbun.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Official Blog
American Collegiate Go Association , similar organization in the United States.
1957 establishments in Asia
1950s establishments in Japan
Go organizations
Sports organizations of Japan
No End of Surprises

No End of Surprises is a 1975 Hong Kong drama movie directed by Mu Chu and starring Jackie Chan, Li-Li Chen, Ke-Wei Cheng, Siu Ping Cheng. It was distributed by Golden Harvest Company.
Other websites
1975 drama movies
Hong Kong movies
Golden Harvest movies
Chisago Lakes

Chisago Lakes is an area in Chisago County, Minnesota. Chisago City and the county seat, Center City are in this area.
Geography of Minnesota
John William Finn

John William Finn (July 23, 1909 - May 27, 2010) was an American sailor in the United States Navy. He served as a chief petty officer. He received the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor in World War II. Finn was the oldest living Medal of Honor recipient in the United States and the last living of the Pearl Harbor recipients.
Early life
Finn was born on July 23, 1909 in Compton, California. Finn dropped out of school after the seventh grade. He then attended General Aviation Utilities Training at Naval Station Great Lakes. In 1939, Finn married his wife Alice Finn.
Pearl harbor and after
As a chief aviation ordnanceman stationed at Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay, he earned the medal by manning a machine gun from an exposed position throughout the attack, despite being repeatedly wounded. He continued to serve in the Navy and in 1942 was commissioned an ensign.
In 1947 he was reverted to chief petty officer, eventually rising to lieutenant before his 1956 retirement. In his later years he made many appearances at events celebrating veterans. At the time of his death, Finn was the oldest living Medal of Honor recipient and the last living recipient from the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Personal life
His wife, Alice Finn, died in 1998. Since 1956, Finn lived in a ranch in Live Oak Springs, near Pine Valley, California.
Death
Finn died at age 100 on the morning of May 27, 2010, at the Chula Vista Veterans Home from natural causes. He was buried besides his wife at the Campo Indian Reservation's cemetery, after a memorial service in El Cajon.
References
Other websites
1909 births
2010 deaths
Military people from California
American centenarians
People from Los Angeles
Burghclere

Burghclere is a small village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 1,152 people. It is near the border with West Berkshire.
There are three schools in Burghclere: Burghclere primary school and the Clere school are both local authority schools. St Michael's school is an independent Catholic school.
Burghclere is home to Sandham Memorial Chapel, which is a National Trust property that houses some of a 20th century artist Stanley Spencer's paintings.
Burghclere has some beautiful rural scenery, so you can walk along the old railway, through many fields, or go for a hike. In the winter time, if it snows, Beacon Hill, or Jacob's Ladder, are where many young people and older people gather for snowballing or sledging.
Church of the Ascension is the church in Burghclere. Burghclere Primary School uses it for their Easter, Harvest and Christmas services. The Burghclere Primary School Brass Band occasionally plays at the church services. The church was consecrated in 1838. The church had a spire added and it was restored during 1874 / 1875 and reopened on 13th May 1875 (Ascension Day). There are six bells at the church, three were originally at All Saints church in the village of Newtown, another was acquired in 1838 and to commemorate the jubilees of Queen Victoria, two treble bells were added, one in 1887 and 1897.
References
Opposite Burghclere Primary School, there is Burghclere Sports Club and an amazing children's playground. The Sports Club has a large field where people can take different games or sports equipment to play with. This is also where the children at Burghclere Primary School do their Cross Country Running. A new miniature railway is also being installed here.
Villages in Hampshire
Civil parishes in England
Battleground (1949 movie)

Battleground is a 1949 American World War II action movie directed by William A. Wellman and stars Van Johnson, John Hodiak, Ricardo Montalban, George Murphy, Marshall Thompson, James Whitmore, Douglas Fowley. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 6 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards in 1950.
Other websites
1949 war movies
1940s action movies
American action movies
World War II movies
MGM movies
Movies directed by William A. Wellman
Gene duplication

Gene duplication (or gene amplification) is any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.
Gene duplication is important in supplying raw genetic material - new genes - to biological evolution. This has been recognized since the 1930s. Recent genomic sequence data show that duplicated genes are common in all organisms surveyed.
Origin
In classical genetics it may occur as an error in crossing-over during meiosis, or the duplication of an entire chromosome.
In non-classical genetics it may happen by a retrotransposition event.
Implications
The second copy of the gene is often relatively free from selective pressure. Mutations of it have no deleterious effects to its host organism. Thus it accumulates mutations faster than a functional single-copy gene, over generations.
A duplication is the opposite of a deletion. Duplications arise from unequal crossing-over that occurs during meiosis between misaligned homologous chromosomes. The product of this recombination are a duplication at the site of the exchange and a reciprocal deletion.
Evolutionary importance
Gene duplication is believed to play a major role in evolution; this idea was first suggested 100 years ago. Susumu Ohno was one of the most famous developers of this theory in his classic book Evolution by gene duplication (1970). Ohno argued that gene duplication is the most important evolutionary force since the emergence of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).
Major genome duplication events are not uncommon. It is believed that the entire yeast genome underwent duplication about 100 million years ago. Plants are the most prolific genome duplicators. For example, wheat is hexaploid (a kind of polyploid), meaning that it has six copies of its genome.
Normally, a big change in gene function is resisted because the original function is needed, but after a duplication one gene carries on the original function. Therefore, a change of function in the second copy is possible without loss of fitness.
This freedom from consequences allows for more mutations to be 'carried' in the population. Some of these might increase the fitness of the organism or code for a new function.
The two genes that exist after a gene duplication event are called paralogs and usually code for proteins with a similar function and/or structure. By contrast, orthologous genes are ones which code for proteins with similar functions but exist in different species, and are created from species-splitting.
Related pages
Gene family
Hox gene
Mutation
References
Classical genetics
Marc Ferrez

Marc Ferrez (December 7, 1843 - January 12, 1923) was a Brazilian photographer born in Rio de Janeiro.
Ferrez's life was dedicated to the art of photography and he is considered one of the greatest photographers of his time. His production was massive, and his photographs document the consolidation of Brazil as a nation and Rio de Janeiro as a metropolis. His career was energized when he made part of Professor Charles Hartt's Geological Commission which covered the north and south of the country.
In 1865, Ferrez opened his own studio at Rua Sao Jose, in the center of Rio de Janeiro. He was made Photographo da Marinha Imperial and his work with images increased through his life. He photographed Brazil from south to north, but paid more attention to his home city, Rio de Janeiro. His masterpieces are the great albums of railway constructions and the great panoramic views of the city of Rio de Janeiro and its quick development.
Ferrez died in 1923 and left thousands of pictures and reproductions of his works.
1843 births
1923 deaths
Brazilian photographers
Brikama (Gambia)

Brikama is one of eight Local Government Areas in the Gambia. The headquarters of the Brikama LGA are at Brikama town. About 700,000 people lived there in 2013.
Local Government Areas of the Gambia
Francheleins

Francheleins is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Communes in Ain
Nordostniederdeutsch

Nordostniederdeutsch is a variant of the Low German dialect spoken in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
Varieties
Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch in former Mecklenburg-Schwerin: Schwerin-Rostock-Wismar-Gustrow, in Western Pomerania: Stralsund-Greifswald-Anklam and in former Mecklenburg-Strelitz: Neustrelitz-Neubrandenburg
Central Pomeranian
German dialects
Languages of Germany
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Paul Hindemith

Paul Hindemith (pronounce: powl HIN-deh-mitt; 16 November 1895 in Hanau - 28 December 1963 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German composer, violist, teacher, music theorist and conductor. He was one of the most important and influential German composers during the years between the two World Wars. His style was at first influenced by Schoenberg and Expressionism, but gradually it became more neo-classical, and he turned against Schoenberg's whole approach. He was also famous as a viola player and composed a concerto for viola and orchestra.
References
1895 births
1963 deaths
20th-century German composers
Deaths from pancreatitis
Entertainers from Hesse
German academics
German conductors
People from Hanau
Violists
Origa

Olga Vital'evna Yakovleva (; 12 October 1970 - 17 January 2015), better known as Origa, was a Russian singer. She worked mostly in Japan from 1993 until her death. She was signed to the record label Gemmatika and sometimes worked with Yoko Kanno. She also released eleven albums and eight singles. She was most well known for singing the intro to the television series Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex and Fantastic Children.
Origa was born in Kochenyovsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast.
Origa died from lung cancer on 17 January 2015 in Tokyo, aged 44.
References
Other websites
1970 births
2015 deaths]
Russian singer-songwriters
Alexander Kuznetsov (actor)

Alexander Konstantinovich Kuznetsov (; December 2, 1959 - June 6, 2019) was a Russian American actor. He was born in Petrovka, Primorsky Krai. He had roles in both Russian and American productions. He is best known for his roles in television and movies such as The Alaska Kid, The Peacemaker, Space Cowboys, Agent Red, Alias, Beverly Hills, 90210, NYPD Blue and 24.
Kuznetsov died on June 6, 2019 in Moscow, at the age of 59.
References
Other websites
1959 births
2019 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Royal Rumble (2010)

Royal Rumble (2010) was the twenty-third annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on January 31, 2010 at the Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia. As always, the Royal Rumble match winner got a match at that years WrestleMania, (in this instance: WrestleMania XXVI) for his choice at either the WWE Championship, the World Heavyweight Championship and the ECW World Championship.
Six professional wrestling matches were on the event's supercard, a scheduling of more than one main event. The main event was the annual 30-man Royal Rumble match which featured wrestlers from all three brands. Edge, the twenty-ninth person to enter, won the match by last eliminating John Cena, the nineteenth person to enter. The main match on the Raw brand was for the WWE Championship between champion Sheamus and Randy Orton, which Sheamus won by disqualification. The main match on the SmackDown brand was between The Undertaker and Rey Mysterio for the World Heavyweight Championship, which The Undertaker won. The main match on the ECW brand was for the ECW Championship between Christian and Ezekiel Jackson, which Christian won.
Results
Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations
Red ## and "Raw" indicates a Raw superstar, blue ## and "SD" indicates a SmackDown superstar, and purple ## and "ECW" indicates an ECW superstar.
Other websites
Royal Rumble
2010 in professional wrestling
Sports in Atlanta
2010 in the United States
21st century in Atlanta
2010s in Georgia (U.S. state)
Ronquerolles

Ronquerolles is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Shuchō

, also romanized as Sucho or Akamitori, was a which lsated only a few monthsfrom June through September 686. The reigning monarchs were and .
History
In 686, was created by Emperor Temmu, but the nengo survived for only a few months after Temmu's death. The era ended when Empress Jito was confirmed as Temmu's successor.
Timeline
The system of Japanese era names was not the same as Imperial reign dates.
Events of the Shucho era
686 (Shucho 1, 9th day of the 9th month): Emperor Temmu died.
686 (Shucho 1): Otsu no Oji, also known as Otsu no shinno, tried and failed to make himself emperor after Temmu's death.
686: The succession (senso) was received by Mommu's widow. Soon after, Empress Jito's role as monarch was confirmed in ceremonies (sokui).
Related pages
Asuka period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
686
7th century in Japan
Tropic of Capricorn

The Tropic of Capricorn, or Southern tropic, is one of the five major circles of latitude of a map of the Earth. It is 23deg 26' 22'' south of the Equator.
It marks the most southerly latitude at which the sun can appear directly overhead. This happens at the December solstice, when the southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun to its maximum extent.
Countries
The Tropic of Capricorn goes through these countries, starting at the prime meridian and going west:
Brazil
Paraguay
Argentina
Chile
French Polynesia - passing just south of Tubuai
Tonga - passing just north of the Minerva Reefs
Coral Sea Islands Territory (Australia) - passing just south of Cato Reef
Australia
Madagascar
Mozambique
South Africa
Botswana
Namibia
History
The Tropic of Capricorn is named because about 2000 years ago the sun was entering the constellation Capricornus on the December solstice. Now the sun appears in the constellation Sagittarius during the December solstice. The change is due to precession of the equinoxes. The word "tropic" comes from the Greek tropos, meaning turn. This refers to the fact that the sun appears to "turn back" at the solstices.
Related pages
Southern Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
Seasons
Solstice and equinox
Equator
Tropics
Tropic of Cancer
Northern Hemisphere
Arctic Circle
Antarctic Circle
Lines of latitude
Abba (name)

Abba is a word that comes from the Semitic languages and means "father". It is often used as a name for babies, but it was also used to show respect for religious leaders or scholars. The word "abbot" has the same origin.
People
Abba of Acre (3rd century), Jewish religious scholar
Abba Arika (175-247), Jewish/Babylonian religious scholar
Abba bar Abba (2nd-3rd century), Jewish/Babylonian religious scholar
Names
Old Firm

The Old Firm is the name given to the relationship between two football teams in Scotland, Rangers F.C. and Celtic F.C.
Head to head record
1888-1999 statistics obtained from RSSSF. Remaining stats obtained from Soccerbase
History
The Old Firm have a lot of history, possibly dating back to around 1888, Celtic's first match, which was against Rangers, when a newspaper report stated that both sets of players "got on so well that you would believe that they were old firm friends." However, William J. Murray states that the term comes from the commercial benefits of the two clubs' rivalry, which were viewed with distaste in some parts in the early days of the game
The two clubs are the most successful in Scotland, having won between them 63 Scottish Cups and 93 Scottish Premier League championships (as of 2007). The two clubs normally compete four times a year in the SPL and are regularly drawn against each other in the two Scottish cup competitions.
The clubs' have large support bases around Glasgow, but also have supporters clubs in most towns throughout Scotland and in many cities around the world. The presence of Rangers and Celtic has been estimated to be worth PS120 million to the Scottish economy.
The two clubs' fan bases have historically been divided on religious lines. Celtic are supported by Catholics, while Rangers are supported by Protestants.
Players
There have been many high profile players to play for both sides of the Old Firm. The most recent players to do so are Kenny Miller, Maurice Johnston, Steven Pressley, Mark Brown and Barry Robson. Kenny Miller is the first player in the modern era to cross the Old Firm divide twice, having played for Rangers then Celtic, then moving back to Rangers.
References
Football in Scotland
Bahia

Bahia is a state in the northeast area of Brazil on the Atlantic Ocean coast.
Geography
The capital city of Bahia is Salvador. Other cities where many people live are Feira de Santana, Vitoria da Conquista, Itabuna, Ilheus, and Juazeiro. Almost all of Bahia is 200 m above the sea level. The Sao Francisco River is the longest river in Bahia. Salvador was the capital of Brazil from 1549 until 1763.
Economy
Bahia is the sixth richest Brazilian state. The economy of Bahia is based on industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, tourism, mining and services.
Culture
Bahia is said to have the greatest and most African influence, in terms of culture and customs, in Brazil. Some of these are the martial art of capoeira and African-derived music such as samba, afoxe, and axe.
Acaraje is a popular street food. It is one of the symbols of the culture of Bahia.
References
To Have and Have Not

To Have and Have Not is a 1944 American World War II romantic adventure movie directed by Howard Hawks and was based on the 1937 novel of the same name by Ernest Hemingway. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Walter Brennan, Dolores Moran, Hoagy Carmichael, Sheldon Leonard, Walter Surovy and was distributed by Warner Bros..
Other websites
1944 romance movies
1944 war movies
1944 adventure movies
1940s American adventure movies
American romance movies
World War II movies
Movies based on books
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Howard Hawks
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies set in Martinique
Baldwin, Wisconsin

Baldwin is a village in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, USA. As of the 2014 the population was 3,960.
References
Villages in Wisconsin
Mien Schopman-Klaver

Wilhelmina Hendrika "Mien" Schopman-Klaver (26 February 1911 in Amsterdam - 10 July 2018 in Leiden, Netherlands) was a Dutch athlete. She was a reserve for the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
Schopman-Klaver became a centenarian in 2011 and celebrated her 106th birthday in 2017.
References
Other websites
'Wat!? Ik naar de Olympische Spelen? Enig!'
1911 births
2018 deaths
Dutch centenarians
Dutch Olympians
Dutch sprinters
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Action (Sweet song)

"Action" is a 1975 song by English glam rock band Sweet and was taken from their albums Strung Up and Give Us a Wink. It went to number 20 in the United States, number 15 in the United Kingdom and number 4 in Australia.
Def Leppard version
English heavy metal band Def Leppard covered Action for their album Retro Active. It went to number 14 in the United Kingdom.
Track listing
CD: Bludgeon Riffola/LEPCD 13 (UK)/858 093-2 (INT)
"Action"
"She's Too Tough" (Joe's demo)
"Miss You in a Heartbeat" (Phil's demo)
References
1975 songs
The Sweet songs
Def Leppard songs
Scorpions (band) songs
Hard rock songs
Glam rock songs
Tom Regan

Thomas "Tom" Regan (November 28, 1938 - February 17, 2017) was an American philosopher and writer. He was best known for his animal rights activism. He wrote the non-fiction book The Case for Animal Rights (1983). He also made the term "subjects-of-a-life" popular. He taught philosophy at North Carolina State University (NCSU) from 1967 to 2001.
Regan was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was married to Nancy Tirk. He had two children, Bryan and Karen.
Regan died from pneumonia on February 17, 2017 in Rockingham, North Carolina, at the age of 78.
References
Other websites
1938 births
2017 deaths
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Academics from North Carolina
American animal rights activists
Writers from Pittsburgh
Le Plateau-Mont-Royal

Le Plateau-Mont-Royal is a neighborhood in Montreal. It is northeast of downtown. It was a middle class neighborhood where many Quebecois, Portuguese, and Jewish people lived. In the 1980s, many artists moved into the neighborhood. They liked the low rent and the beautiful architecture. Today, Le Plateau is a very expensive area to live. There are many popular shops and restaurants.
Montreal
Rachel Clarke

Rachel Clarke is a published author and medical doctor. She specialises in palliative care for the National_Health_Service (NHS) in England. From 2015 Dr Clarke has had an active voice in the debate regarding junior doctors' pay rights in the United Kingdom, appearing in multiple television debates on this issue.
Biography
Before re-training as a doctor at age 29, Rachel Clarke worked as a journalist. She produced and directed current-affairs documentaries. Some of these documentaries focused on subjects such as Al-Qaeda, the Gulf War and the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, otherwise known as the Second Congo War.
Clarke's activism began when the Secretary of State for Health, Jeremy Hunt, wanted to impose a new contract upon junior doctors. Dr Clarke campaigned against the government, arguing in print and on screen that imposition would irrevocably damage the NHS. Her debut book Your Life In My Hands was published by John Blake in July 2017.
References
English physicians
Filmmakers
Living people
1972 births
Peridot

Peridot (pronounced "pair-uh-dot" or "pair-uh-doe") is the gem quality version of the mineral olivine. The name of the gemstone is believed to come from either the Arabic word faridat meaning "gem" or the French word peritot meaning "unclear." Peridot is one of the few gemstones that comes in only one color. The darkness of the green depends on how much iron there is. The color varies from yellow-green to olive to brownish green. Olivine is a very common mineral, but gem-quality peridot is rather rare. Peridot is the birthstone for the month of August.Peridot is believed to bring good health,restful sleep and peace to relations by balancing emotions and mind.
Birthstones
Abdul Kalam Vision India Party

Abdul Kalam Vision India Party is an Indian political party that was founded on 28 February 2016. The party was founded in the name of former president A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, by V. Ponraj, who was the scientific adviser to Bharat Ratna Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. However, the family of A.P.J. Abdul Kalam expressed their upset over the party using the Kalam's name and portrait as their symbols.
Preparation to the declaration of this political party, a two-day convention was held by United Vision India 2020, inviting V. Ponraj to lead a political party. The convention was conducted on 26 February 2016 without the presence of V. Ponraj and in the presence of V. Ponraj on 27 February 2016.This convention was conducted before the house of V. Ponraj at Thonugal village. The party has been started to achieve the vision 2020 of People's President - Bharat Ratna Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam.
References
Political parties in Tamil Nadu
2016 establishments in India
The Chemical Brothers

The Chemical Brothers are a British electronica duo based in Manchester. They have released nine albums, five of which reached number one on the UK album charts. They are part of the big beat genre, along with the likes of The Prodigy, The Crystal Method and Fatboy Slim.
English musical groups
The Chemical Brothers
Nigmatilla Yuldashev

Nigmatilla Tulkinovich Yuldashev (, Nig`matilla To`lqinovich Yo`ldoshev; ; born 5 November 1962) is an Uzbek lawyer and politician. He was Chairman of the Senate of Uzbekistan from 2015 until 2019. He was Minister of Justice from 2011 to 2015. In 2016, he was the acting President of Uzbekistan for a short time period.
References
1962 births
Living people
Presidents of Uzbekistan
Potassium dichromate

Potassium dichromate is a chemical compound. It contains potassium and dichromate ions. It has a chemical formula of K2Cr2O7 (K2Cr). The chromium is in its +6 oxidation state.
Properties
It is a bright red crystalline solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent in acidic conditions. It is poisonous because it contains dichromate, which is carcinogenic. It can be destroyed by reaction with reducing agents. It can be reduced to green chromium(III) compounds such as chromium(III) oxide.
Preparation
Potassium dichromate can be made by oxidation of potassium hydroxide and chromium(III) oxide. It can also be made by adding an acid to potassium chromate.
Occurrence
It is very rarely found in the earth. It is only found in very dry areas. If it rains, it dissolves in the water and is washed away.
Uses
It is used as a reagent for many chemicals, such as alcohol. Some breath alcohol testers use this, and the red turns to green when there is alcohol in the breath. It can be used to make chromic acid, which is used to clean glass. It can be used in cement. It is used to tan leather. It can be used in photography and to test for certain metals. It can be used to treat wood.
Safety
Potassium dichromate is very irritating. It can cause cancer when the dust is inhaled. It is a strong oxidizing agent and can start fires. It can be reacted with iron(II) sulfate to detoxify (remove the toxicity of) it.
Related pages
Potassium chromate
Ammonium dichromate
Chromate
Potassium compounds
Chromium compounds
Stevens MRT station

Stevens MRT Station (DT10/TE11) is an underground interchange station on the Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit system.
This station is one of four to have faregates on the same level as the platforms. The others are Bishan, Expo and Changi Airport stations.
Due to space constraints, the two platforms at the station are seperated from each other and have their own faregates. A ten minute grace period was put in place by the Land Transport Authority in case passengers tap in at the wrong faregates.
The Stevens station is located at the junction of Bukit Timah road and Stevens road, where the station takes its name from.
History
This station opened on 27 December 2015, along with the rest of the Downtown line stage 2. The Thomson East Coast line section opened on 13 November 2021, as part of stage 3 of the line.
References
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
2015 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Singapore
Concise

Concise is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Vaud
Tibetan snowcock

The Tibetan snowcock (Tetraogallus tibetanus) is a cock in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds.
Birds of China
Birds of Kashmir
Phasianidae
Danbury, Texas

Danbury is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
I Dream of Jeannie

I Dream of Jeannie is an American fantasy sitcom. It stars Barbara Eden as a 2,000-year-old genie and Larry Hagman as an astronaut who becomes her master. They fall in love and later get married. It is produced by Screen Gems. It also stars Bill Daily and Hayden Rorke.
The show originally aired from September 18, 1965 to May 26, 1970 with new episodes, and through September 1970 with season repeats, on NBC. The show ran for five seasons and produced 139 episodes.
Other websites
Barbara "Jeannie" Eden's Official Website
TV Land buys back the rights to I Dream of Jeannie
1965 television series debuts
1970 television series endings
American fantasy television series
American sitcoms
NBC network shows
Oneida, Illinois

Oneida is a city in Illinois in the United States.
References
Cities in Illinois
Computer monitor

A computer monitor is an electronic device that shows pictures for computers. Monitors often look like smaller televisions. The main difference between a monitor and a television is that a monitor does not have a television tuner to change channels. Monitors often have higher display resolution than televisions. A high display resolution makes it easier to see smaller letters and fine graphics.
There are three types of computer displays:
The CRT monitor. These are big and heavy and use a lot of desk space and electricity. It is the oldest technology used by monitors and is based on the cathode ray tube technology that was developed for television. Monitors are made with better parts which give a higher display resolution and picture sharpness than a television. This type of monitor is no longer popular.
The LCD monitor, the most common kind of flat panel display. It is a newer technology than CRT. LCD monitors use much less desk space, are lightweight and use less electricity than CRT. They have been used for many years in the screens of laptop and notebook computers. They also work as touch screens in tablet computers, mobile phones, and other handheld technologies.
An LED Monitor (short for Light Emitting Diode) or LED display is an LCD Monitor that uses light emitting diodes for backlighting. The first LCD Monitors used cold cathode fluorescent lamps instead of LEDs to illuminate the screen.
In the early 21st century video projectors has fallen and they are now used in many places like movie theaters to show large images. These use various technologies to make the image including LCD - Liquid crystal display and DLP - Digital light processing which uses very small mirrors to direct the light.
References
Display technology
List of national parks of the United States

There are 63 national parks in the United States. The National Park Service controls the parks, and also controls other protected areas.
National parks
Sources
United States
national parks
Kutno

Kutno is a town in Lodz Voivodeship in Poland. In 2019, 43,911 people lived there.
Towns in Poland
Voices (Hall & Oates album)

Voices is the ninth studio album by American duo Hall & Oates and was released on 29 July, 1980. It went to number 17 in the United States and number 19 in Australia.
Track listing
1980 albums
Hall & Oates albums
RCA Records albums
Jhapat Bahadur Rawal

Jhapat Bahadur Rawal is a Nepalese politician. He represents Kailali 2 (constituency) in the House of Representatives. He is also a member of the CPN's Central Committee (UML).
References
1975 births
Living people
Nepalese politicians
Nick Mourouzis

Nick Mourouzis (April 16, 1937 - September 16, 2020) was an American football player and coach. He was the head football coach at DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana from 1981 to 2003. He had a winning record of 133-82-4. As a college football player, Mourouzis was a starting quarterback at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Mourouzis was born in New Philadelphia, Ohio.
Mourouzis died on September 16, 2020 from COVID-19 in Greencastle, Indiana at the age of 83.
References
1937 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
American football quarterbacks
Sportspeople from Ohio
Sportspeople from Indiana
Aigle Azur

Aigle Azur is an airline in France which operates flights within France but also to other European countries and some countries in Africa, for example Algeria. It's main base of operations is at Paris Orly Airport.
The current Head, since 2008, is Meziane Idjerouidene.
Fleet
3x Airbus A319
3x Airbus A320
4x Airbus A321
References
Airlines of France
Ioannis Petridis

Ioannis Petridis (; 18 August 1931 - 6 January 2016) was a Greek economist and politician. He was a member of the New Democracy party. He served as an MP for Pieria from 1985 to 1989. He was born in Katerini.
Petridis died on 6 January 2016 in Athens, aged 84.
References
1931 births
2016 deaths
Greek economists
Greek scientists
Libin

Libin is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 4655 people lived there.
It is at 49deg 58 North, 05deg 15 East.
References
Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Toshiba

Toshiba is a Japanese multinational company. Its diversified products include information technology and communications equipment and systems, electronic components and materials, power systems, industrial and social infrastructure systems, household appliances, medical equipment and lighting.
Toshiba Corporation was started in 1939, by two companies, a telegraph manufacturer and a light bulb maker.
History
July 11, 1875, Tanaka Hisashige strarted an electric equipment factory which was the first in Japan to produce telegraphs.
1939 Toshiba was founded in 1939 as Tokyo Shibaura Electric K.K. through the merger of Shibaura Seisaku-sho (founded in 1875) and Tokyo Denki (founded in 1890).
Products and services
TV
Blu-ray Disc
PC
elevators and escalators
control systems (including air-traffic control systems, railway systems, security systems and traffic control systems)
medical equipment (including CT and MRI scanners, ultrasound equipment and X-ray equipment)
3D television
HDD
printers
Main brands of products
VEGETA (Refrigerator)
ZABOON (Clothes dryer)
TORNEO (Cleaner)
Smarbo (Cleaner)
dynabook laptops, which were bought by Sharp in 2018
REGZA (smartphone)
References
Computer hardware companies
Electronics companies of Japan
1939 establishments in Japan