pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Order of the Federal Republic

Nigerian National Honours are decorations awarded to Nigerians and friends of Nigeria every year. They were instituted by the National Honors Act No. 5 of 1964, during the First Nigerian Republic, to honour Nigerians who have made the nation better.
Honours
The Nigerian National Honours from the most important to the least important are:
Grand Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic (GCFR)
Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger (GCON)
Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic (CFR)
Commander of the Order of the Niger (CON)
Officer of the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR)
Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON)
Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (MFR)
Member of the Order of the Niger (MON)
The GCFR and GCON are usually awarded to former occupants of the office of President of Nigeria and Vice President respectively of including former military heads of state of Nigeria and Chiefs of General Staff. The GCON is also usually awarded in honor to the Chief Justice of Nigeria and the President of the Nigerian Senate during their first year in office, while the CON is customarily bestowed on Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria.
Other websites
Nigeria National Merit Award - Presidency of Nigeria. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Worlds awards
"Nigeria: National Honours Awards 2010 and 2011," Economic Confidential. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Orders, decorations, and medals
Nigerian culture
Cigarettes & Alcohol

"Cigarettes & Alcohol" is the fourth single off English rock band Oasis' debut studio album Definitely Maybe. The song was released in 10 October 1994. The song was Oasis' second song to enter the UK top ten in the United Kingdom. The song was able to reach #7. It spent 35 weeks on the charts and re-entered Top 75 charts on several occasions until 1997.
It is the second case where Oasis was accused of plagiarism, the first being "Shakermaker". The main riff of Cigarettes & Alcohol is allegedly "borrowed" from "Get It On" by T. Rex, as well as "Little Queenie" by Chuck Berry. The song also bears a similarity to the opening of Humble Pie's cover of "C'mon Everybody".
References
Other websites
"Cigarettes & Alcohol" on YouTube
1994 songs
Oasis (band) songs
Rod Stewart songs
500s

The 500s was a decade that began on 1 January 500 and ended on 31 December 509.
Events
Clovis I, king of the Franks, defeats the Visigoths at the battle of Vouille in 507, decisively forcing the Visigoths into Spain, and securing supremacy over Gaul
506 - Byzantine Empire and Persia accept a peace agreement based on status quo.
506 - Dara in Syria is fortified by Byzantine emperor Anastasius I as a frontier against Persia.
500s
1220

Events
Middle Ages in Europe
Fifth Crusade (1217-1221)
Battle of Lihula in Estonia between Estonians and Swedes.
Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate - Bukhara and Samarkand taken
End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khan's Mongolian cavalry
Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III
Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Honorius III
Conrad of Masovia drives out the heathen Prussians from a Masovian territory of Chelmno Land
Trial by ordeal abolished in England
The German Hohenstaufen dynasty which had ruled Sicily since 1194, adopts Palermo as its principal seat
Dordrecht receives city rights, making it the oldest city in the present-day Netherlands
Ljubljana receives its town rights
The Islamic lands of Central Asia are overrun by the armies of the Mongol invader Genghis Khan (ca. 1155-1227), who laid waste to many civilizations and created an empire that stretched from China to the Caspian Sea. However, he failed to destroy the strength of Islam in Central Asia.
Architecture
Gothic architecture in Europe
Rebuilding of the Cathedral of Chartres, which had been destroyed by a fire in 1194, is completed
Rebuilding of the York Minster begins
Building of the Salisbury Cathedral begins
Births
April 1 - Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (died 1272)
November 11 - Alphonse of Toulouse, son of Louis VIII of France (died 1271)
Thomas Ercildoun, Scottish minstrel (died 1297)
Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir
Przemysl I of Poland (died 1257)
Yaroslav of Russia, Grand Duke of Vladimir
Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (died 1271)
Deaths
February 17 - Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine
April 15 - Adolf of Altena, Archbishop of Cologne
Michael Choniates, Byzantine writer and ecclesiastic
Farid od-Din Mohammad ebn Ebrahim 'Attar, Persian mystical poet
Saxo Grammaticus, Danish historian (born 1150)
Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (born 1176)
Mestwin I of Pomerania
Queen Urraca of Portugal spouse of King Afonso II of Portugal (born 1186)
Office holders
List of state leaders in 1220
List of religious leaders in 1220
Corinth, Vermont

Corinth is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
West Union, Ohio

West Union is a town in Ohio in the United States. It has a population of 2,903 people.
References
Villages in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
June Leaf

June Leaf (born 1929) is an American artist. She is known for her abstract allegorical paintings and drawings. She also works in modernist kinetic sculpture.
She married filmmaker and photographer, Robert Frank in 1971.
Her work is included in many permanent art collections including, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Minneapolis Institute of Art, and other.
References
Other websites
Oral history interview with June Leaf (2009 Nov. 16 - 2010 May 17), from Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
1929 births
Living people
American painters
Artists from Chicago
Grand Festivities Square

Grand Festivities Square is a festival and parade ground in Zawraa Park, Baghdad, Iraq. It was built in 1986 by order of president Saddam Hussein to celebrate the victory of Iraq in the Iran-Iraq War. There is a large reviewing stand and pavilion in the square. The pavilion also contains a cinema and theatre. The square was used for executions and military parades. The Victory Arch was built over the two entrances to the square. Grand Festivities Square is next to The Monument to the Unknown Soldier.
Other websites
Great Celebrations square on WikiMapia
1986 establishments in Asia
Buildings and structures in Baghdad
Town squares in Asia
National squares
20th-century establishments in Iraq
Premier of the Cayman Islands

The Premier of the Cayman Islands is the political leader and head of government.
List
References
Canal+

Canal+ is a European television network by Canal J and StudioCanal studios for France 2.
Television networks
Bay County, Michigan

Bay County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 103,856 people live here. The county seat is Bay City.
References
1850s establishments in Michigan
1857 establishments in the United States
Michigan counties
Ligand

A ligand is a biochemical substance. Its function is to bind to a biological molecule, and make the molecule perform a function. Ligand binding alters the shape of the receptor protein. This changes the protein's behaviour.
In a narrower sense, it is a signal triggering molecule, binding to a site on a target protein.
The binding occurs by intermolecular forces, such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The docking (association) is usually reversible (dissociation).
Ligands include substrates, inhibitors, activators, and neurotransmitters. The tendency or strength of binding is called affinity.
Related pages
Signal transduction
Cytokine
Agonist
Receptor antagonist
References
Biochemistry
Molecular biology
Kuupik Kleist

Jakob Edvard Kuupik Kleist (born 31 March 1958) was the Prime Minister of Greenland from 2009 to 2013. He was succeeded by Aleqa Hammond.
References
1958 births
Prime Ministers of Greenland
Living people
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927. The United Kingdom was formed by the merger of the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself a merger of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland) and the Kingdom of Ireland. Its name was changed in 1927 after the majority of Ireland left the UK in 1922 and became the sovereign Irish Free State, thus leaving only six counties in the north within the UK.
List of monarchs
The monarch continued to use the title of King or Queen of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until 1927.
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
George III (1801-1820) (monarch from 1760)
George IV (1820-1830)
William IV (1830-1837)
Victoria (1837-1901)
Edward VII (1901-1910)
House of Windsor (as of 1914)
George V (1910-1922) (title used until 1927)
Related pages
History of the United Kingdom
Other websites
British History Online
Act of Union 1800
1922 disestablishments in Europe
1801 establishments
1800s establishments in Europe
Youth Olympic Games

The Youth Olympic Games is a sporting event that takes place in a different city every four years for athletes between ages 14 and 18. The first Youth Olympic Games was held on 14 August 2010 to 26 August 2010 in the country of Singapore.
List of Youth Olympic Games
Summer Youth Olympic Games
Winter Youth Olympic Games
References
Eri Klas

Eri Klas (7 June 1939 - 26 February 2016) was an Estonian conductor, boxer and educator. He was born in Tallinn. He was best known for his work in leading the Netherlands Radio Symphony Orchestra.
He was a professor at Sibelius Academy from 1993 to 1997 and at the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre from 1997 until his death in 2016. He was honored with the Order of the Lion of Finland and Order of the White Star in 1992. He was a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. In 1986, he was named a People's Artist of the USSR. He was also a member of the Estonian Olympic Committee.
Klas died in Tallinn on 26 February 2016 from a heart attack. He was aged 76.
References
Other websites
Estonian National Cultural Foundation page on Eri Klas
Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra page on Eri Klas
Jewish Community in Estonia, February 2006 bulletin
1939 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Estonian musical entertainers
Conductors
Boxers
Estonian educators
Dédougou

Dedougou is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the ninth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 37,793 people lived in the city; 18,778 were male and 19,015 were female.
References
Cities in Burkina Faso
Adrian Dix

Adrian Dix (born April 20, 1964) is a Canadian politician. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia and the Minister of Health of British Columbia, Canada. He was also the leader of the British Columbia New Democratic Party from 2011 to 2014.
Dix was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 2005 provincial election. He led the BC NDP into the 2013 provincial election. Even though opinion polling showed that he would win the election, he lost the election to the BC Liberal Party. Because of this, he resigned as the leader of the BC NDP.
Political career
Dix was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 2005 provincial election. He was elected to the electoral district of Vancouver-Kingsway. He beat the incumbent Liberal MLA Rob Nijjar.
Related pages
Health care in Canada
References
Other websites
BC Legislature profile
BC NDP profile
1964 births
Politicians from Vancouver
Living people
Eeklo

Eeklo is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 19645 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 11 North, 03deg 34 East.
References
Municipalities of East Flanders
Tong Yang-tze

Tong Yang-Tze is a Chinese calligrapher. Her work is part of everyday life in Taiwan. She designed the passport stamp that you receive when you enter Taiwan. She is very educated but still chose to pursue her dreams of art. She is known for bringing calligraphy from the past to the present.
Early Life
Tong moved to Taiwan in 1952. She grew up with four siblings. Her dad taught her and her siblings calligraphy. She started learning calligraphy when she was eight years old. Tong graduated from National Taiwan Normal University. She earned a master's degree in fine arts. She also received a postgrad degree from University of Massachusetts. She was accepted into Taiwan's most prestigious business university. She rejected them and chose to follow her passion for art. She also became a graduate designer in New York. Her style of calligraphy is known for mixing traditional calligraphy with modern art.
Accomplishments
You can see Tong Yang-Tze's work everywhere in Taiwan. It is used in signs at train stations. It is in theatre, bookshop, and anniversary campaign brands. It is Taiwan's passport stamp.
Exhibitions
Tong's work has been shown in many places. Atelier 320: Upending was an exhibit at the Johnson Museum. From Ink to Apparel: A Crossover between Calligraphy Art and Fashion Design was shown at the World Design Capital in Taipei. Another exhibition was the M+ commission.
Collaborations
Tong has worked on many collaborations. From Ink to Apparel: A Crossover between Calligraphy Art and Fashion Design combined the work of Tong and six young fashion designers. Atelier 320: Upending combined calligraphy and dance. Silent Symphony, Musical Calligraphy combined the work of Tong and the music of Mayday.
References
Living people
1942 births
Modena FC 2018

Modena F.C. is a football club which plays in Italy.
Name
1912-1956 Modena Foot Ball Club
1956-1959 Zenit Modena
1959-present Modena FC
Italian football clubs
Modena
1912 establishments in Italy
CRISPR

CRISPR is a term in DNA research. It stands for clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats. These are part of the genetic code in prokaryotes: most bacteria and archaea have it. It is their defence against attack by viruses. Its structure and function was discovered in the 21st century.
CRISPR has a lot of short repeated sequences. These sequences are part of an adaptive immune system for prokaryotes. It allows them to remember and counter the bacteriophages which prey on them. They work as a kind of acquired immunity for bacteria.
They can modify the genes of almost any organism. They are used by researchers as a tool to cut and insert genes in genetic modification (GM). Work is under way to find how they can be used to attack virus diseases in humans (gene therapy).
How it works
Each repetition is followed by short segments of "spacer DNA". These come from previous exposures to a bacterial virus or plasmid. CRISPR spacers recognize and cut up the foreign genetic elements in a manner like RNA interference in eukaryotic organisms.
In effect, the spacers are fragments of DNA from viruses that have previously tried to attack the cell line. The foreign source of the spacers was a sign to researchers that the CRISPR/cas system could have a role in adaptive immunity in bacteria.
The actual cutting is done by a nuclease called Cas9. Cas9 has two active cutting sites, one for each strand of the DNA's double helix. Cas9 does this by unwinding foreign DNA and checking whether it is complementary to the 20 basepair spacer region of the guide RNA (the spacer region RNA). If it is, the foreign DNA gets chopped up.
Applications
CRISPR is an anti-viral defensive system which originated in bacteria and archaea. Gene editing is a human exploitation of CRISPR.
The technology has been used to switch off genes in human cell lines and cells, to study Candida albicans, to modify yeasts used to make biofuel and to genetically modify crop strains.
The CRISPR-Cas9 system cuts DNA, but can do more. It can turn gene expression on and off, and can be used to fluorescently tag particular sequences.
Nobel award
The understanding and development of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2020. The prize was awarded jointly to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna.
Anti-CRISPR
Anti-CRISPR is a group of proteins in some phages. It inhibits the normal activity of CRISPR-Cas, the immune system of many bacteria. Phages with anti-CRSPR avoid having their genomes destroyed by the prokaryotic cells that they infect.
References
Genetic engineering
Immunology
Prokaryotes
DNA
Mora, New Mexico

Mora or is a census-designated place in, and the county seat of, Mora County, New Mexico, United States.
References
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Phùng Quang Thanh

Phung Quang Thanh (2 February 1949 - 11 September 2021) was Vietnamese politician and general. Phung Quang Thanh was an officer of the Vietnam People's Army and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam.
Thahn died on 11 September 2021 in Hanoi, Vietnam from lung cancer at the age of 72.
References
1948 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Vietnamese military people
Vietnamese politicians
Forest Lake, Minnesota

Forest Lake is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Venouse

Venouse is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Dragonwyck (movie)

Dragonwyck is a 1946 American drama movie directed by first time director Joseph L. Mankiewicz and was based on the 1944 novel of the same name by Anya Seton. It stars Gene Tierney, Walter Huston, Vincent Price, Glenn Langan, Anne Revere, Spring Byington, Harry Morgan, Jessica Tandy and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1946 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz
20th Century Fox movies
Chavornay, Ain

Chavornay is a former commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Arviere-en-Valromey.
References
Former communes in Ain
Paul Goma

Paul Goma (; October 2, 1935 - March 25, 2020) was a Romanian-Moldovan writer and political critic. He was known for his activities as a dissident and leading opponent of the communist regime before 1989. After 2000, Goma has expressed opinions on World War II, the Holocaust in Romania and the Jews, claims which have led to widespread criticism for antisemitism.
On March 18, 2020, Goma was hospitalized in Paris after being infected with COVID-19. He died on March 25, 2020 from the infection, aged 84.
Honours
"Chevalier dans l'ordre des Arts et des Lettres" (France), 1986
Writers' Union of Moldova's Prize for Prose, March, 1992.
Writers' Union of Romania's Prize for Prose, May 25, 1992.
"Honorary Citizen" by the Municipal Council of Timisoara, January 30, 2007.
References
Other websites
Paul Goma's site with downloadable recent writings
1935 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
Romanian activists
Political writers
Moldovan people
Romanian writers
European novelists
Essayists
Anti-communists
Sant Vicenç de Castellet

Sant Vicenc de Castellet is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.
It has an area of 17.38 km2 and a population of 9,838 people.
Municipalities in Catalonia
Oppenheimer (movie)

Oppenheimer is a 2023 epic biographical thriller movie written and directed by Christopher Nolan. It is based on the 2005 biography American Prometheus by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin. The movie is about the life of J. Robert Oppenheimer, a theoretical physicist who helped create the first nuclear weapons as part of the Manhattan Project.
Cillian Murphy plays Oppenheimer, with Emily Blunt as Oppenheimer's wife, Katherine "Kitty" Oppenheimer, Matt Damon as General Leslie Groves, Oppenheimer's military handler, Robert Downey Jr. as Lewis Strauss, a senior member of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, and Florence Pugh as psychiatrist and Oppenheimer's mistress Jean Tatlock. Other members of the supporting cast include Josh Hartnett, Casey Affleck, Rami Malek, Kenneth Branagh, Benny Safdie, Jason Clarke, Dylan Arnold, Gustaf Skarsgard, David Krumholtz, Matthew Modine, Tom Conti, David Dastmalchian, Michael Angarano, Jack Quaid, Josh Peck, Olivia Thirlby, James Remar, and Gary Oldman.
Oppenheimer premiered at Le Grand Rex in Paris on July 11, 2023, and was released in the United States and United Kingdom on July 21, by Universal Pictures. It is Nolan's first movie not to be distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures domestically or internationally since Memento (2000). The movie had strong positive reviews with a 93% on Rotten Tomatoes.
The movie was released on the same day as Barbie, a fantasy comedy movie directed by Greta Gerwig. Since the two movies have completely different tones and genres, many social media users have taken to making memes about how the two movies represent different audiences, and how they should be seen as a double feature. The trend has been called "Barbenheimer".
Cast
References
Other websites
2023 movies
2020s biographical movies
2020s thriller movies
Movies directed by Christopher Nolan
Universal Pictures movies
American epic movies
American biographical movies
American thriller movies
Jorge Valdano

Jorge Valdano (born 4 October 1955) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1973||rowspan="3"|Newell's Old Boys||rowspan="3"|Primera Division||||
|-
|1974||||
|-
|1975||||
|-
|1975/76||rowspan="4"|Deportivo Alaves||rowspan="4"|Segunda Division||||
|-
|1976/77||||
|-
|1977/78||||
|-
|1978/79||||
|-
|1979/80||rowspan="5"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="5"|La Liga||34||9
|-
|1980/81||17||3
|-
|1981/82||29||9
|-
|1982/83||34||17
|-
|1983/84||29||8
|-
|1984/85||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||26||17
|-
|1985/86||32||16
|-
|1986/87||27||7
49||11
291||107
340||118
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1975||||
|-
|1976||||
|-
|1977||||
|-
|1978||||
|-
|1979||||
|-
|1980||||
|-
|1981||||
|-
|1982||||
|-
|1983||||
|-
|1984||||
|-
|1985||||
|-
|1986||||
|-
|1987||0||0
|-
|1988||0||0
|-
|1989||0||0
|-
|1990||2||0
|-
!Total||||
|}
References
1955 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Argentine football managers
CD Tenerife managers
Parallelogram

A parallelogram is a polygon with four sides (a quadrilateral). It has two pairs of parallel sides (line segments which never meet if the lines were allowed to extend beyond their end points). The opposite sides of a parallelogram have the same length (they are equally long). The word "parallelogram" comes from the Greek word "parallelogrammon" (bounded by parallel lines). Rectangles, rhombuses, and squares are all parallelograms.
As shown in the picture on the right, because triangles ABE and CDE are congruent (have the same shape and size),
In all Parallelogram's opposite angles are equal to each other.
Angles which are not opposite in the Parallelogram will add up to 180 degrees.
Characterizations
A simple (non self-intersecting) quadrilateral is a parallelogram if and only if any one of the following statements is true:
Two pairs of opposite sides are equal in length
Two pairs of opposite angles are equal in measure
The diagonals bisect each other
One pair of opposite sides are parallel and equal in length
Adjacent angles are supplementary
Each diagonal divides the quadrilateral into two congruent triangles
The sum of the squares of the sides equals the sum of the squares of the diagonals. (This is the parallelogram law)
It has rotational symmetry of order 2
It has two lines of symmetry
Properties
Opposite sides of parallelogram are parallel.
Any line through the midpoint of a parallelogram bisects the area.
Parallelograms are quadrilaterals.
Area formula
A parallelogram can be cut into a trapezoid and a right triangle, and be rearranged to make a rectangle. This mean the area of a parallelogram is the same with with a rectangle of the same height and base as that parallelogram:
References
Other websites
Parallelogram and Rhombus - Animated course (Construction, Circumference, Area)
Interactive Parallelogram --sides, angles and slope
Polygons
Breakfast television

Breakfast television in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and United Kingdom or a morning show in Canada and the United States, is a television block after the overnight graveyard slot and before daytime television. It runs from 6:00 to 10:00 a.m. in most countries. Shows include CBS This Morning on CBS, Good Morning America on ABC, Today on NBC, AMHQ on The Weather Channel, BBC Breakfast on BBC, and Today on Nine Network.
Television genres
Offa's Dyke

Offa's Dyke (Welsh: Clawdd Offa) is a large earthwork that roughly follows the current border between England and Wales.
The structure is named after Offa, the 8th century king of Mercia. He is believed to have ordered its construction. Its original purpose is not known for sure. It followed the border between Anglian Mercia and the Welsh kingdom of Powys. The dyke was up to 65 feet (20 m) wide (including its flanking ditch) and 8 feet (2.4 m) high. It ran over low ground, hills and rivers. Today the earthwork is protected as a scheduled monument.
Offa's Dyke Path is a 177 mile (283 km) footpath which runs between Prestatyn in the north (Liverpool Bay) and Sedbury, near Chepstow (the Severn Estuary) in the south. This is from north of Offa's Dyke to south of it, and runs near the dyke in its central part. It is also thought to be constructed under the orders of Offa. It is a British National Trail.
Some sections of the dyke are defined as Sites of Special Scientific Interest, and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Most of the line of Offa's Dyke is designated as a Public Right of Way, including those sections which form part of the Offa's Dyke Path.
In August 2013, a section of the dyke, between Chirk and Llangollen, was destroyed by a local landowner. The destruction of the dyke to build a stables was said to be like "driving a road through Stonehenge".
References
Anglo-Saxons
Buildings and structures in Wales
Monuments and memorials in England
8th-century buildings and structures
Méreuil

Mereuil is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
References
Communes in Hautes-Alpes
Tom Flynn (author)

Thomas W. Flynn (August 18, 1955 - August 23, 2021) was an American author, journalist, novelist, executive director of the Council for Secular Humanism, and editor of its journal Free Inquiry.
Flynn died on August 23, 2021 at aged 66.
References
1955 births
2021 deaths
American editors
20th-century American novelists
People from Erie, Pennsylvania
Writers from Pennsylvania
Remer, Minnesota

Remer is a city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Tânia Mara Fassoni-Giansante

Tania Mara Fassoni-Giansante is a sports shooter from Brazil. Fassoni-Giansante competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics. She was born on 11 May 1956.
References
Other websites
1956 births
Living people
Sport shooters
Brazilian Olympians
Jovino Novoa

Jovino Novoa Vasquez (31 March 1945 - 1 June 2021) was a Chilean politician and lawyer. He was born in Santiago de Chile. From 1998 until 2014, Novoa was a member of the Senate. Between 2009 and 2010, he was the President of the Senate.
Novoa died on 1 June 2021 in Santiago from emphysema, aged 76.
References
1945 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from emphysema
Chilean lawyers
Politicians from Santiago
Wild in the Country

Wild in the Country is a 1961 American musical drama movie. It was directed by Philip Dunne. The movie is based on the 1958 book The Lost Country by J. R. Salamanca. Actors include Elvis Presley, Hope Lange, Tuesday Weld, Millie Perkins, Gary Lockwood, Christina Crawford, and Rafer Johnson. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1960s musical movies
1961 drama movies
American drama movies
American musical movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Philip Dunne
Movies set in Virginia
About Damn Time

"About Damn Time" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Lizzo. It was released April 12, 2022, through Nice Life and Atlantic Records. It is the lead single from her second studio album, Special (2022).
The song has so far peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming her second-highest peak in the US, after "Truth Hurts" was at the top of the Hot 100 in 2019.
References
2022 songs
Lizzo songs
Time of My Life (2011 TV series)

Time of My Life is a 2011 Philippine drama billed as a "danserye" (dance TV series), created and developed by GMA Network, starring Mark Herras and Kris Bernal. It premiered on August 1, 2011 on GMA Network in the Philippines and on August 3, 2011 on GMA Pinoy TV.
Post-production
The very first danserye is based on original concept created for GMA Television by Senedy Que with head writer Des Garbes Severino, choreographers Miggy Tanchanco (modern) and Donald Balbuena (ballroom), and directors Mark Reyes (musicals) and Andoy Ranay (drama). In 2010 it was planned for a working title Jump. It is supposed to be replacing Tween Hearts but the GMA Network decided to put it on the Primetime block. The show is slated for 2011 despite 2010. Several auditions across the Philippines were held. And the auditionees were seen in Party Pilipinas (until it was premiered on August 2011), with a working title Time of My Life.
References
2010s reality television series
Employment and Support Allowance

Employment and Support Allowance is a United Kingdom social security benefit for adults younger than the State Pension age who are having difficulty finding work because of sickness. It was started in 2008.
It is paid when Statutory Sick Pay comes to an end. People who have paid enough National Insurance can get contributory ESA. Income-related ESA is for people who have not paid enough National Insurance contributions. People who have more than PS16,000 savings cannot get that.
After 13 weeks most people have to have a Work Capability Assessment.
References
Social security in the United Kingdom
Our Lady of La Vang

Our Lady of La Vang was a reported Marian apparition (a supernatural appearance of the Virgin Mary) in Vietnam. The appearance was reported at a time when Catholics were being persucted and killed in Vietnam. In Vietnamese she is called or .
Name
Modern scholars believe the name came from a plant in the area (La means "leaf" and Vang means "herbal seeds"). Others believe the name came from a Vietnamese word that meant "crying out" as if the Vietnamese Catholics at that time were "crying out" to God for help. Some believe the name came from the rainforest's name La Vang.
History
Fearing the spread of Catholicism, Emperor Canh Thinh banned the practice of Catholicism. Soon thereafter the emperor made an anti-Catholic edict which made the practice of Catholicism punishable by death. Many Catholics sought refuge in the rainforest of La Vang in Quang Tri Province. While hiding in the rainforest, the small community would gather every night at the foot of a tree and pray. One night, an apparition surprised them. In the branches of the tree, a lady dressed in the traditional Vietnamese dress (ao dai), holding an infant in her arms with two angels beside her, appeared. The people who witnessed this apparition said that the lady and the infant was the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus. They said that the lady comforted them and told them to boil the leaves from the tree for medicine to cure the illness.
In 1802, many of the Catholics went back to their villages, spreading the story of the apparition. Soon, many people came back to the site to offer incense and to pray. In 1820, a chapel was built. From 1830- 1885 another wave of persecutions decimated the Catholic population. The chapel of Our Lady of La Vang was destroyed and in 1886 a new chapel was built.
Vatican recognition
There is no official recognition from the Vatican for this as a "Marian apparition". Although there is no official recognition, Pope John Paul II publicly recognized the importance of Our Lady of La Vang and expressed a desire to rebuild the La Vang Basilica to honor the 200th anniversary of the first apparition.
Catholicism
Marian apparitions
Religion in Vietnam
MTV Unplugged in New York

MTV Unplugged in New York is a live album by the American rock band Nirvana. It was recorded on November 18, 1993 as a part of the MTV Unplugged television series, which many artists and bands perform on with acoustic instruments instead of electric ones. It was released on November 1, 1994, six months after the band had broken up because of the death of Kurt Cobain, who was the lead singer and guitarist.
It was unusual compared to other artists on the MTV Unplugged series, because Nirvana played mostly their less-famous songs and cover versions of other artists' songs. Most artists on the program played mainly their hits.
Four singles were released from the album. This was unusual because it was a live album. The singles were "About a Girl", "The Man Who Sold the World", "Where Did You Sleep Last Night", and "Lake of Fire". All of these except for "About a Girl" were covers.
List of songs
"About a Girl"
"Come as You Are"
"Jesus Doesn't Want Me for a Sunbeam" (The Vaselines cover)
"The Man Who Sold the World" (David Bowie cover)
"Pennyroyal Tea"
"Dumb"
"Polly"
"On a Plain"
"Something in the Way"
"Plateau" (Meat Puppets cover)
"Oh Me" (Meat Puppets cover)
"Lake of Fire" (Meat Puppets cover)
"All Apologies"
"Where Did You Sleep Last Night" (traditional; Lead Belly version cover)
References
Nirvana albums
1993 albums
MTV Unplugged albums
Auburn, Iowa

Auburn is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is in Sac County.
Cities in Iowa
Seychelle Gabriel

Seychelle Suzanne Gabriel (born March 25, 1991) is an American actress. She played Lourdes Delgado in Falling Skies (2011-2014) and voiced Asami Sato in The Legend of Korra (2012-2014). She also appeared in The Spirit (2008), The Last Airbender (2010), Honey 2 (2011), Sleight (2016), and Blood Fest (2018).
References
Other websites
1991 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American child actors
American voice actors
Actors from Burbank, California
Chandler, Oklahoma

Chandler is a city in Oklahoma in the United States. It is the county seat of Lincoln County.
County seats in Oklahoma
Cities in Oklahoma
Woodside, California

Woodside is a town in California with a population of about 5,000 people and over 5,000 horses. It is in the northern region of Silicon Valley and has the highest per-capita population of billionaires, as well as being the home of celebrities including Shirley Temple, Neil Diamond, Joan Baez, Michelle Pfeiffer and a gorilla named Koko that knew more than a thousand words of American Sign Language.
References
Other websites
Town of Woodside home page
Woodside Public Library - a branch of the San Mateo County Library
Woodside Fire District
Towns in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Settlements in San Mateo County, California
Joyce DeWitt

Joyce DeWitt (born April 23, 1949) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Janet in ABC's sitcom Three's Company. Before working in television, DeWitt was a theater actress.
1949 births
Living people
American television actors
American stage actors
Quinton Lucas

Quinton Donald Lucas (born August 19, 1984) is an American politician. He is the 55th and current mayor of Kansas City, Missouri since 2019. He is the city's third African-American mayor. He was a law school professor.
References
1984 births
Living people
Mayors of Kansas City, Missouri
Lawyers from Kansas City, Missouri
Academics from Kansas
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
Businesspeople from Kansas City, Missouri
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Educators from Kansas City, Missouri
African American politicians
Herbert Mullin

Herbert William Mullin (April 18, 1947 - August 18, 2022) was an American serial killer. He killed 13 people in California in the early 1970s. He said he killed these people to stop earthquakes from happening.
In 1973, after a trial to see if he was insane or culpable, he was convicted of two first-degree murders and nine second-degree murders. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. He was denied parole eight times.
Mullin died on August 18, 2022 at a medical prison in Stockton, California at the age of 75.
References
1947 births
2022 deaths
American serial killers
People who died in prison custody in the United States
American people convicted of murder
Criminals from California
Ron Nirenberg

Ronald Adrian Nirenberg (born April 11, 1977) is an American politician. He is the Mayor of San Antonio, Texas since 2017. He was a member of the San Antonio City Council for District 8 for two terms. He was sworn into office on June 21, 2017.
References
1977 births
Living people
Mayors of San Antonio
Independent politicians in the United States
Politicians from Boston
Sotir Ferrara

Sotir Ferrara (5 December 1937 - 25 November 2017) was an Italian-Albanian religious leader. He was the Bishop of the Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi, a diocese of the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church in Sicily, Italy. He was born in Piana degli Albanesi, Italy. On 15 October 1988 he was elected by the Pope John Paul II to the bishopric of Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi.
Ferrara died in Tirana, Albania on 25 November 2017 at the age of 79.
References
1937 births
2017 deaths
Albanian people
Italian Roman Catholic bishops
Eastern Catholic bishops
Espresso

Espresso is a type of Italian coffee that is concentrated. In order to make espresso, coffee beans are powdered and hot water is added under high pressure. This is done using an espresso machine or a macchinetta. Usually, espresso is made using 7 grams of coffee beans. This gives espresso a very strong flavor. Because espresso is so strong, it is usually mixed with other coffee drinks in small amounts.
Drinks that use espresso
There are many drinks that use espresso, such as latte, cappuccino, caffe mocha and caffe macchiato.
Alternative spelling
It is sometimes spelled expresso, with an X. There is some debate as to whether this is an acceptable spelling.
Related pages
Coffee
Coffee
Italian food
Dellwood, Missouri

Dellwood is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Hino Motors

Hino Motors, Ltd. (, Hino Jidosha, ), also called Hino, is a manufacturer of diesel trucks, buses, and other vehicles based in Tokyo, Japan. It is a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation.
Other websites
Company website
Toyota
1942 establishments
1940s establishments in Japan
Lehigh County, Pennsylvania

Lehigh County is a county of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, 374,557 people lived there. Its county seat is Allentown.
References
1810s establishments in Pennsylvania
1812 establishments in the United States
Pennsylvania counties
Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine

Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) is an organic chemical substance. It is a derivative of Piperazine. It is sometimes used as a part of other illegal drugs. It is sometimes used as a replacement for the drug MDMA, or as a component of Ecstasy pills. TFMPP has no known use in the chemical industry. Its action is si milar to that of MDMDA in many ways.
Organonitrogen compounds
Psychoactive drugs
Organofluorides
Laarbeek

Laarbeek is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 22,333 people lived there.
Municipalities of North Brabant
John DiFronzo

John DiFronzo (December 13, 1928 - May 27, 2018), nicknamed "No Nose", was an American mobster. He was the boss of the Chicago Outfit from 1997 until his death in 2018. His brother, Peter DiFronzo, a made-man, was convicted of warehouse burglary in 1963.
In 2009, John DiFronzo, Rudy Fratto, and several others were named in a civil lawsuit by Joseph Fosco, the son of late Teamsters treasurer Armando Fosco, alleged to have tried to extort $400,000 from Fosco.
DiFronzo died in River Grove, Illinois on May 27, 2018 of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 89.
References
1928 births
2018 deaths
Chicago Outfit mobsters
Mercedes Sosa

Haydee Mercedes Sosa (9 July 1935 - 4 October 2009) was an Argentine singer. She was popular throughout Latin America and many countries outside the continent. Sosa became one of the important examples of nueva cancion. She gave voice to songs written by both Brazilians and Cubans. She was best known as the "voice of the voiceless ones".
Sosa suffered from breathing problems in later years. Sosa went into hospital in Buenos Aires on September 18, 2009. She died from multiple organ failure on October 4, 2009. She was aged 74.
References
Other websites
Tribute to Mercedes Sosa (in Portuguese BR)
Mercedes Sosa's website (in Spanish)
Mercedes Sosa's News (in Spanish)
1935 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Argentine singers
Latin Grammy Award winners
People from Tucuman Province
Sune Bergman

Sune Bergman (5 December 1952 - August 2021) was a Swedish ice hockey player and manager. When coaching HV71 the club won the 1995 Swedish national championship.
Bergman died in August 2021, aged 68.
References
1952 births
Swedish ice hockey goaltenders
2021 deaths
Ken Michael

Kenneth Comninos Michael (born 12 April 1938) an Australian civil engineer and politician. He was the 30th Governor of Western Australia from 2006 to 2011.
References
1938 births
Governors of Western Australia
Living people
Electoral district of Thomastown

Thomastown is an electoral district of Victoria. It was created in 1985. It is in the Northern Metropolitan Region.
Thomastown is in Melbourne.
Election results
References
Thomastown
Heinrich Sutermeister

Heinrich Sutermeister (born Feuerthalen, 12 August, 1910 - died Vaux-sur-Morges, 16 March, 1995) was a Swiss composer.
When he was young he was a student at the main music school in Munich, Germany, where the famous German composer Carl Orff was his teacher. Orff strongly influenced his music. Later he returned to Switzerland, where he lived as a composer.
His most important works are Romeo und Julia and Die Schwarze Witwe (The Black Widow). Romeo und Julia has been played the first time in Dresden in 1940, under the famous conductor Karl Bohm. During the following years Sutermeister made operas for the radio and television.
Works
Max und Moritz, ballet after Wilhelm Busch
Die schwarze Spinne, 'Funkoper' after Jeremias Gotthelf, 1936
Romeo und Julia, opera after William Shakespeare, 1940
Die Zauberinsel, opera after Shakespeare, 1942
1. Piano Concerto, 1943
Niobe, 'Monodram', 1946
Capriccio for unaccompanied Clarinet in A,1946
Raskolnikoff, opera after Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1948
Die Alpen, fantasy on Swiss folksongs, 1948
Der rote Stiefel, opera, 1951
2. Piano Concerto, 1953
Missa da Requiem, 1953
1. Cello Concerto, 1954-55
Titus Feuerfuchs oder Die Liebe, Tucke und Perucke, opera, 1958
3. Piano Concerto, 1961-62
Das Gespenst von Canterville, play with music for television after Oscar Wilde, 1962-63
Poeme funebre - En memoire de Paul Hindemith for string orchestra, 1965
Omnia ad Unum, cantata, 1965-66
Madame Bovary, opera after Gustave Flaubert, 1967
2. Cello Concerto, 1971
Te Deum, 1975
Clarinet Concerto, 1975-76
Consolatio philosophiae, 'Scene dramatique', 1979
Other websites
Composers Schott-Music: Heinrich Sutermeister
1910 births
1995 deaths
Swiss composers
20th-century composers
Yohei Sakai

Yohei Sakai (born 10 April 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagamihara.
Club career statistics
References
1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Sportspeople from Yokohama
Authoritarianism

A government is called authoritarian if it has a strong central government, and rejects the ideas of pluralism. It is between democracy on one side, and totalitarianism on the other.
Monarchies sometimes fit this pattern. As of 2020, examples of countries with authoritarian regimes include the People's Republic of China, Angola, the Republic of the Congo, Laos, Nicaragua and Russia. Several states on the Persian Gulf, such as Saudi Arabia, Oman or Qatar also fit this pattern. However, North Korea is considered totalitarian.
States such as these use strong central power to keep the political status from changing. There are reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting.
Forms of government
Hylarana

Hylarana is a genus of true frogs. They are also called golden-backed frogs. They live in tropical Asia. Scientists used to put 84 to 96 valid species in Hylarana, but they looked at the frogs again. Today, scientists say four species are in Hylarana.
What they look like
Hylarana frogs can be small or large. Male frogs are from their noses to the ends of their bodies, and females are . The nostrils are oval in shape and there is a piece of skin on top of them. The ear drum is not covered by skin. They have vomerine teeth and a parietal eye. The toes on their back feet are webbed, but the fingers on the front feet are not.
Where they live
The frogs that scientists used to say were in Hylarana lived everywhere from Sri Lanka to the Western Ghat Mountains in India, through Nepal and southern China and Taiwan, south to Southeast Asia to the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, in Northern Australia, and tropical Africa. The four species of frogs that are still in Hylarana today live in southern and southeast Asia.
Scientific groups
Hylarana is in the subfamily Raninae. They are true frogs, so they are in the family Ranidae. The name Hylarana comes from from the New Latin word hyle ("wood" or "forest") and rana ("frog"). Scientists used to think Hylarana was a subgenus of the genus Rana, but they changed their minds in 2005. In 2006, scientists took Hylarana and split it into more genera. They treat these as junior synonyms of Hylarana. In 2015, Oliver et al. looked closely at Hylarana again. They said that only four species are really Hylarana sensu stricto: The other frogs were moved to Abavorana, Amnirana, Chalcorana, Humerana, Hydrophylax, Indosylvirana, Papurana, Pulchrana, and Sylvirana.
Species
Scientists used to say this genus had 84 to 96 valid species of frogs in it. But they looked closely again. Now, scientists say only four frogs are truly Hylarana: Hylarana malayana was placed in Hylarana in 2021.
Hylarana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837) - common green frog, green paddy frog, leaf frog, or red-eared frog
Hylarana macrodactyla (Gunther, 1858) - Guangdong frog, three-striped grass frog, or marbled slender frog
Hylarana malayana (Sheridan and Stuart, 2018)
Hylarana taipehensis (Van Denburgh, 1909) - two-striped grass frog
Hylarana tytleri Theobald, 1868
After these changes, scientists are not sure where a few Hylarana species should be placed:
"Hylarana" attigua (Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999)
"Hylarana" celebensis (Peters, 1872)
"Hylarana" chitwanensis (Das, 1998)
"Hylarana" garoensis (Boulenger, 1920)
"Hylarana" lateralis (Boulenger, 1887)
"Hylarana" latouchii (Boulenger, 1899)
"Hylarana" margariana Anderson, 1879
"Hylarana" montivaga (Smith, 1921)
"Hylarana" persimilis (Van Kampen, 1923)
Related pages
Rana
References
Frogs of Asia
Political lesbianism

Political lesbianism is an event in feminism, mainly second-wave feminism and radical feminism. Political lesbianism supports the idea that sexual orientation is a political and feminist choice, and supports lesbianism as a positive replacement to heterosexuality for women as part of the struggle against sexism.
References
Feminism
Liberty County, Georgia

Liberty County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 65,256 people lived there. The county seat is Hinesville.
References
1777 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties