pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Magdalene College, Cambridge

Magdalene College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was created in 1428 as Buckingham College, a Benedictine hostel. In 1542 this was changed, taking the name from the city of magda. It was built over many years thanks to money given by many different important people, such as the Dukes of Norfolk and Buckingham. Today, it has about 600 students.
The most famous person to have studied here is Samuel Pepys. He was an influential Member of Parliament. When he died, he gave lots of books to the college. The library in Magdalene, which is very old and beautiful, is named after him (the Pepys Library). Magdalene is one of the colleges that keeps many old traditions. It was the last one in Cambridge to allow women to study there: this only happened in 1988.
References
Other websites
Official website
Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1428 establishments
1420s establishments in Europe
15th-century establishments in England
Margaret Guilfoyle

Dame Margaret Georgina Constance Guilfoyle (nee McCartney; 15 May 1926 - 11 November 2020) was an Australian politician. She is a member of the Liberal Party. She served as a Senator for Victoria from 1971 to 1987. She was the first woman minister to administer a government department. She served as a minister for in the Fraser Government as Minister for Education (1975), Minister for Social Security (1975-1980) and Minister for Finance (1980-1983).
Guilfoyle was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her family moved to Australia in 1928, settling in Melbourne, Victoria. In 1952, she married Stanley Guilfoyle. The couple had three children.
Guilfoyle died on 11 November 2020, aged 94.
References
1926 births
2020 deaths
Government ministers of Australia
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Members of the Australian Senate
Order of Australia
Politicians from Belfast
Politicians from Melbourne
Armenian National Committee of America

The Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) is the largest and most influential Armenian American advocacy organization in the United States. Working in coordination with a network of offices, chapters, and supporters throughout the country and affiliated organizations around the world, the ANCA advances the concerns of the Armenian American community on a broad range of issues.
Beyond the Central offices of ANCA are in Washington DC, Boston and Los Angeles, ANCA has more than fifty local chapters and thousands of activists, it is cooperating with a large web of regional Armenian National Committees (or Armenian Cause/Hay Tad Offices) in Armenia, Russia, France, the Middle East, Canada and Australia.
The executive director of ANCA is Aram Hamparian.
Other websites
Armenian National Committee of America website.
ANC of Central California Official site
An interview with ANCA executive director Aram Hamparian
Armenian diaspora
Political organizations based in the United States
Velino

The Velino is a river in central Italy that flows through the Lazio and Umbria regions but flows mainly through the Lazio region. It is the main tributary of the Nera river which is a tributary of the Tiber river.
Geography
The Velino river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .
Course
The Velino river starts on the sides of the Monte Pozzoni at an elevation of about , in the comune of Cittareale, Province of Rieti, Lazio.
The river flows first to the south through the comuni of Cittareale and Posta and goes into a narrow valley with the Monte Terminillo to the west and the Monte Giano to the east; after about , it leaves the valley and gets in the Antrodoco comune. The river then turns to the west and flow through the comuni of Borgo Velino and Castel Sant'Angelo. Then the river gets the water of the "Peschiera Springs".
After getting into the Piana Reatina ("Plain of Rieti"), an important valley, the river flows through the city of Rieti. At the end of the plain, the Velino river joins the Nera river and forms the Cascate delle Marmore falls.
Main tributaries
Only the tributaries coming from the left of the Velino are of some importance; those coming from the right are small streams.
Left tributaries:
Salto - 55 km
Turano - 70 km
Gallery
Related pages
List of rivers of Italy
References
Other websites
Fiumi Italiani: Fiume Velino
Rivers of Italy
Brenzikofen

Brenzikofen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Bern
Blue Line (CTA)

The Blue Line, also known as the O'Hare-Congress Line and the West-Northwest Line, is a long Chicago "L" line which goes through the Loop from O'Hare International Airport at the far northwest end of the city, through downtown via the Milwaukee-Dearborn Subway and across the West Side to its southwest end at Forest Park, with a total of 33 stations. It is the CTA's second busiest rail line, with an average of 186,796 passengers boarding each weekday in September 2012.
Background
The Blue Line and Red Line are the only two routes of the Chicago "L" system to currently run 24 hours a day and is one of only six rapid transit rail systems in the United States to do so (the others being the PATCO Speedline, Staten Island Railway, the PATH lines, Philadelphia's SEPTA and the New York City Subway).
The Blue Line is also one of only two lines with more than one station with the same name, with the Green Line being the other (It has two stations at Harlem Avenue: one in the Kennedy Expressway on the Northwest side and one on the south side of the Eisenhower Expressway in Forest Park, Illinois. It also has two stations on Western Avenue: one on the O'Hare branch and one on the Congress branch). The Blue Line also has only three in-system transfers (all in the Loop), contains a combination of both the oldest and newest portions of 'L' tracks, and does not share tracks with any other 'L' line.
Code name
Before the adoption of color-coded names, the Blue Line was referred to as the West-Northwest Route (which it is still sometimes referred to as today) or more commonly, the O'Hare-Congress-Douglas route for its three branches. The Congress and Douglas branches were renamed for their terminals, Forest Park and 54th/Cermak, when the current color naming system was adopted in 1993. Blue Line service on the Douglas Branch was discontinued in April 2008 and replaced by the Pink Line.
Trivia
The Blue Line is one of five 'L' lines that run into Chicago suburbs, with the others being the Green, Purple, Pink, and Yellow lines.
The Blue, Green, and Purple Lines are the only three rail lines that run through more than one suburb, with the Green and Purple Lines running through two, but the Blue Line actually runs through three, making it the rail line that runs through the most suburbs on the Chicago 'L' system.
In March 2014, a Blue Line train was derailed and crashed at the O'Hare train station, injuring 32 people.
References
Other websites
Blue Line at CTA official site
Transport in Chicago
1993 establishments in Illinois
Nizhyn

Nizhyn is a city in northern Ukraine. It is located in the Chernihiv Oblast and has a population of about 70,000 people. The city has a rich history, dating back to the 12th century.
In the past, Nizhyn was an important center of Ukrainian Cossacks and a major center of Hasidic Judaism. It was also known for its thriving Greek community and famous cucumbers. Today, Nizhyn is a major educational center, home to the Nizhyn Gogol State University and other institutions of higher learning. The city also has a number of parks and cultural institutions, including a museum of local history. Tourists visiting Nizhyn can explore the city's historical landmarks and architecture, including the Bezborodko Lyceum, the Ohel of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, and the statue of Nikolai Gogol.
References
Chernihiv Oblast
Cities in Ukraine
Establishments in Ukraine
Safran

Safran is a French company specialized in aerospace. Its headquarters are located in Paris. It has been created in 2005 by Snecma and Sagem.
It provide aircraft engines, helicopters and missiles, aircraft equipment and defense.
The group has more than 81,000 employees.
References
Other websites
Official website
Companies based in Paris
2005 establishments in France
Bargh Shiraz F.C.

Bargh Shiraz Football Club () is a football club which plays in Iran.
Iranian football clubs
1946 establishments in Asia
1940s establishments in Iran
Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster

Major General Gerald Cavendish Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster, (22 December 1951 - 9 August 2016), was a British landowner, businessman, philanthropist, Territorial Army general, and peer.
The Duke died on 9 August 2016 after suffering a heart attack.
References
1951 births
2016 deaths
Maarkedal

Maarkedal is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 6460 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 49 North, 03deg 39 East.
References
Municipalities of East Flanders
Santa Ana River

The Santa Ana River is a major river in southern California, in the United States. It begins in San Bernardino County and flows west about to the Pacific Ocean, through Riverside and Orange counties. It has a watershed of 2,650 square miles (6,863 square kilometers). Its biggest tributaries include Lytle, Temescal, and Santiago Creeks. Like the Los Angeles and San Gabriel rivers to the north, it is lined with concrete in many places. A notable feature on the river is the Seven Oaks Dam, which, at tall, is the 6th tallest dam in the United States.
Nearby rivers
North along coast
San Gabriel River
South along coast
San Diego Creek
References
Santa Ana River Watershed
OC Watershed
Rivers of Los Angeles County, California
San Bernardino County, California
Riverside County, California
Orange County, California
Priti Patel

Priti Sushil Patel (born 29 March 1972) is a British politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Witham in Essex since 2010. She was International Development Secretary from 2016 to 2017.
In July 2019, Patel became Home Secretary for the Boris Johnson administration.
Patel is a member of the Conservative Party. Her ideas and policies are inspired by Margaret Thatcher.
References
1972 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from London
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State for the Home Department
UK MPs 2010-2015
UK MPs 2015-2017
UK MPs 2017-2019
UK MPs 2019-present
Barry Sonshine

Barry Sonshine (1 February 1948 - 13 December 2020) was a Canadian equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Sonshine was born in Toronto.
Sonshine died in Toronto on 13 December 2020 at the age of 72.
References
1948 births
2020 deaths
Canadian Olympians
Sportspeople from Toronto
Equestrians
Saint Stephen

Saint Stephen () is known as the first martyr of Christianity.
Therefore, he is also called the Protomartyr (). He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, as well as in the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day was historically kept on August 3. His name means 'laurel wreath' or 'crown' in Greek. His death is described in the Book of Acts. He was stoned to death for blasphemy and is remembered on the Feast of St. Stephen, December 26.
Other websites
Saint Stephen at the Catholic Encyclopedia
1 births
30s deaths
Ancient Israeli people
Early Christian saints
Executed people
New Testament people
Aloïse Moudileno Massengo

Aloise Moudileno Massengo (11 March 1933 - 6 January 2020) was a Congolese politician and lawyer. He served as Vice President of the Republic of the Congo from 1971 to 1972. He has been called the first Congolese lawyer. He was born in Vindza District.
Moudileno Massengo died on 6 January 2020 in the French city of Nancy. He was 86.
References
1933 births
2020 deaths
Lawyers
Republic of the Congo politicians
Vice presidents
Satanism

Satanism is a word that has several different meanings. It can describe different religions and philosophies.
Sometimes the word Satanism is just used to say that the person using it does not like a group, but the group themselves do not think of themselves as Satanists. Used like this, it is just used to say the speaker disapproves of a group. A lot of groups, like Pagans, or even Protestants have in the past been called Satanists by some people.
The word is often used by people who do not know much about Satanists, who think that Satanism means the worship of an evil being called Satan, and that Satanists want him to win in a war against good represented by "God". This is not true for most Satanists. For them, Satan is only a symbol for the freedom to be themselves, and the word Satan is used as a symbol for man's inner desires and for knowledge. These people read the writings of Anton LaVey and are sometimes called LaVeyan Satanists. There are several modern Satanic groups of different types, with the most well known being the Church of Satan, created in 1966 by Anton LaVey, who also wrote The Satanic Bible. Even though these types of satanists are atheists, meaning they do not believe in a higher being, they do practice magic. They believe that there is no afterlife.
Other types of Satanists do worship Satan. They are called theistic or traditional Satanists, because they believe their religion is older. They believe their religion is similar to that of Witches.
Some ethnoreligious groups were (and still are) falsely accused of being Satanists, for example: it was believed that Wiccans were Satanists because the god worshipped by them has horns (a trait commonly associated with Baphomet, a Satanic idol, when in fact it means fertility for Wiccans) and due to the demonization of paganism by Christians as well, the Kurdish Yazidi were also accused by Muslims and Christians alike of being Satanists because Melek Taus, the central deity in Yazidism is similar to Iblis (the Islamic equivalent of Satan), and the Afro-Brazilian religions Umbanda and Candomble were thought to be "Satanic" by Portuguese colonizers and Jesuit missionaries in Brazil and its deities (orishas) deemed to be "demons" purely based on prejudice and racism towards the African slaves and their culture.
Other websites
LaVeyan Satanists
Church of Satan: The Official Web Site
First Satanic Church - Official Website
Theistic Satanists
Diane Vera's site about Theistic Satanism
Satan's Den
Xbox One

The Xbox One is the third video game console made by Microsoft, succeeding the Xbox 360. It was announced on May 21, 2013. It was first released on 22nd November 2013, ahead of Sony's PlayStation 4. Microsoft marketed the Xbox One as an "all-in-one entertainment system", which is where its name comes from.
The Xbox One S was released in 2016 as a successor to the original Xbox One model, around the same time that the Xbox 360 was discontinued. The Xbox One S has a smaller form factor and supports both HDR and 4K video. The Xbox One S was praised for its smaller size, visual upgrades, and lack of an external power supply. The Xbox One received another upgrade in 2017: the Xbox One X. The Xbox One X featured upgraded hardware and support for natively rendering video at 4K. The system was succeeded by the Xbox Series X and Series S consoles, which launched on November 10, 2020.
At launch the Xbox One was not backwards compatible. However, at E3 2015, Xbox 360 games were announced to be added and in E3 2017, Microsoft announced that they will also add original Xbox games.
On August 29, 2017, Microsoft discontinued the original Xbox One in favor of the Xbox One S and X. The Xbox One X and Xbox One S All-Digital Edition were discontinued on July 16, 2020, about the same time when the Xbox Series X series was released, leaving the standard Xbox One S as the only Xbox One model to still be in production.
Just like the Xbox Ones predecessor, it had its own Kinect. It was announced during the E3 2010 press conference, and was released on November 4, 2010. However in 2017, Microsoft decided to discontinue it and stopped developing on it.
Model
Xbox One S
The Xbox One S is a newer model of the original Xbox One, announced at E3 2016 and released on August 2, 2016.
Xbox One X
The Xbox One X is the latest model of the original Xbox One, it was announced at E3 2017 and was later released on November 7, 2017.
History
Microsoft designed the console to originally being Xbox 720 in 2010. However, they decided to change it into Xbox One in 2012. It was released on November 22, 2013, a year after the Wii U and one week after the PlayStation 4.
Related pages
Wii U
PlayStation 4
Nintendo Switch
Xbox
Xbox 360
Xbox One X
Xbox Series X/S
References
Xbox
BBC Sounds

BBC Sounds is a streaming media and audio download service by the BBC. It can be used to listen to live BBC radio broadcasts, on demand audio, and BBC podcasts using the internet. The service is available as a website, and also as an app on many devices, including smartphones, cars, and smart televisions. It has no advertising in the United Kingdom. It started on 25 June 2018, and replaced the old iPlayer Radio app in October 2018. iPlayer Radio ended in September 2019.
References
BBC
Sugar Harvest

Sugar Harvest () is a 1958 Argentine drama movie directed by Lucas Demare and starring Alfredo Alcon, Graciela Borges, Enrique Fava, Atahualpa Yupanqui.
Other websites
1958 drama movies
Argentine drama movies
Movies directed by Lucas Demare
Higginsville, Missouri

Higginsville is a city in Lafayette County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Herdecke

Herdecke is a town of the district Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.
References
Other websites
Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
Manuel Pasqual

Manuel Pasqual (born 13 March 1982) is an Italian football player. He plays for Fiorentina.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999/00||Derthona||Nazionale Dilettanti||0||0
|-
|2000/01||Pordenone||Serie D||30||1
|-
|2001/02||Treviso||Serie C1||2||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Arezzo||rowspan="3"|Serie C1||10||0
|-
|2002/03||31||1
|-
|2003/04||28||1
|-
|2004/05||Serie B||38||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Fiorentina||rowspan="5"|Serie A||35||1
|-
|2006/07||34||0
|-
|2007/08||29||0
|-
|2008/09||19||1
|-
|2009/10||||
256||5
256||5
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}
References
1982 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Sex linkage

Sex linkage is a term in genetics. It applies to alleles (forms of a gene) on the X chromosome.
In mammals, which have an XX/XY system of sex determination, the X chromosome has many more genes than the Y chromosome. This explains the inheritance of such conditions as colour blindness and haemophilia. They are caused by recessive alleles, and usually do not show the condition in females. This is because those females carrying the mutant are most likely to be heterozygous for the allele. However, if the mutant allele is carried by a male, the condition will develop, because his X chromosome has the mutant allele, but his Y chromosome has no allele at that locus.
Related terms
Sex-linked characters controlled by genes on sex chromosomes are not the only kind of sex-related characters.
Sex-influenced traits
Sex-influenced or sex-conditioned traits are phenotypes affected by whether they appear in a male or female body. Even in a homozygous female the condition may not be expressed fully. Example: baldness in humans.
Sex-limited traits
These are characters only expressed in one sex. They may be caused by genes on either autosomal or sex chromosomes. Examples: female sterility in Drosophila; and polymorphism in insects, especially in relation to mimicry. Closely linked genes on autosomes called "supergenes" are often responsible for the latter.
Notes
Chromosomes
Manx pound

.
The Manx pound is the currency of the Isle of Man, in parity with the pound sterling. The Manx pound is divided into 100 pence. Notes and coins, denominated in pounds and pence, are issued by the Isle of Man Government. Their banknotes are PS1, PS5, PS10, PS20, PS50 and their coins are Penny, Two pence, Five pence, Ten pence, Twenty pence, Fifty pence, PS1, PS2 and PS5. US$1 is equal to 0.773614 IMP (Isle of Man Pound). The central bank of Isle of Man is the Isle of Man Treasury.
Other websites
The banknotes of the Isle of Man
Isle of Man
British currency
Pound (currency)
Ol' Dirty Bastard

Russell Tyrone Jones (November 15, 1968 - November 13, 2004), better known by his stage name Ol' Dirty Bastard was an American rapper. He was best known for being one of the founding members of the rap group Wu-Tang Clan. As a solo artist, he had released two studio albums.
Personal life
Jones was an African American who had 3 children. He had problems with drug addiction, meaning he could not stop taking them. He also broke the law a lot. His convictions included attempted assault and using cocaine.
Jones died on November 13, 2004 due to an accidental drug overdose of a mixture of cocaine and prescription drug Tramadol, just two days before his 36th birthday.
Awards and nominations
Grammy Awards
Discography
Studio albums
Ol' Dirty Bastard released two studio albums before his death:
Singles
Ol' Dirty Bastard had 3 singles during his career:
References
Other websites
Ol' Dirty Bastard's Myspace profile
1968 births
2004 deaths
20th-century American musicians
African-American rappers
Musicians from Brooklyn
American people convicted of assault
American people convicted of drug offenses
American prisoners
American robbers
Rappers from New York (state)
Criminals from New York City
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
Michael Barkann

Michael Barkann (born April 30, 1960) is an American sportscaster. Barkann was born in Jersey City, New Jersey and grew up in East Brunswick. His jobs include these past and present:
KYW-TV sports reporter
WLVI-TV sports director
New England Patriots preseason play-by-play
CSN Daily News Live Host
Philadelphia Phillies TV Studio Host
Philadelphia Flyers TV Studio Host
Philadelphia 76ers TV Studio Host
Eagles Post Game Live Host
Monday Night Live Host
Spotlight Host
Tennis on USA court reporter
Tennis on HBO court reporter
Being John Daly Host
XFL on UPN play-by-play
College Basketball on CBS sideline reporter
College Football on CBS sideline reporter
Olympics on CBS reporter
References
Living people
1960 births
Tennis broadcasters
Olympic Games broadcasters
Golf broadcasters
Major League Baseball broadcasters
College football broadcasters
National Hockey League broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
College basketball broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
People from East Brunswick, New Jersey
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Flag of Afghanistan

The recognized flag of Afghanistan continues to be that of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Although the Taliban flag, which was used from 1997-2001 until their collapse, has reemerged under the name of Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan as of 2021.
Afghanistan has had more changes of its national flag during the 20th century than any other country in the world. It has had 20 different flags since the first flag in 1747. In only 4 years (1926-1930), Afghanistan had 7 flag changes - many of these flags were used as the nation's flags for only a few months.
Historical flags
References
Afghanistan
National symbols of Afghanistan
Zambezia Province

Zambezia is a province in Mozambique. The capital city is Quelimane.
Bons Sinais River is in the province.
Districts
Zambezia Province is divided into the 16 districts of:
Luabo District -
Alto Molocue District - with an area of 6,386 km2 and 278,064 people,
Chinde District - with an area of 4,403 km2 and 121,173 people,
Gile District - with an area of 8,875 km2 and 168,962 people,
Gurue District - with an area of 5,606 km2 and 302,948 people,
Ile District - with an area of 5,589 km2 and 292,504 people,
Inhassunge District - with an area of 745 km2 and 91,989 people,
Lugela District - with an area of 6,178 km2 and 137,040 people,
Maganja da Costa District - with an area of 7,597 km2 and 282,173 people,
Milange District - with an area of 9,794 km2 and 515,029 people,
Mocuba District - with an area of 8,867 km2 and 306,543 people,
Mopeia District - with an area of 7,614 km2 and 115,614 people,
Morrumbala District - with an area of 12,972 km2 and 361,896 people,
Namacurra District - with an area of 1,798 km2 and 179,133 people,
Namarroi District - with an area of 3,019 km2 and 127,651 people,
Nicoadala District - with an area of 3,582 km2 and 232,929 people,
Pebane District - with an area of 9,985 km2 and 186,330 people
In addition, there is one municipality - the city of
Quelimane - with an area of 117 km2 and 192,876 people
Provinces of Mozambique
Game Boy Printer

The Game Boy Printer is an accessory for the Game Boy line of video game consoles. It was released in Japan, North America, and Europe in 1998. It allows a person to print pictures taken with the Game Boy Camera. It can also be used to print images from Game Boy and Game Boy Color games that can be used with it. It uses thermal paper, which is a kind of paper that changes color in heat. It runs on six AA batteries. It can be used with all Game Boy Consoles except for the Game Boy Micro. Like the Game Boy and Game Boy Color, Nintendo stopped making the Game Boy Printer in 2003.
Nintendo hardware
Friday the 13th: The Game

Friday the 13th: The Game is a survival horror video game created by IllFonic, and published by Gun Media. It is based on the movie series of the same name. It was released on May 26, 2017 online and later released on October 13, 2017 as a CD game for PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.
The game is a multiplayer game where seven players are at Camp Crystal Lake having five minutes to either escape or to simply survive. They have to avoid being killed by Jason Voorhees (where a player can play as him).
References
Friday the 13th (franchise)
2017 video games
Horror video games
Electoral division of Murchison

Murchison is an electoral division of the Tasmanian Legislative Council. It was created in 1999.
Election results
References
Murchison
Gero Bisanz

Gero Bisanz (3 November 1935 - 17 October 2014) was a German football coach.
Bisanz played for 1. FC Koln and Viktoria Koln. From 1982 to 1996, he was the coach of the Germany women's national football team, in that time winning the UEFA Women's Championship three times, in 1989, 1991 and 1995.
He also was leading director of the German Football Association's coaches training facilities from 1971 to 2000, then being followed by Erich Rutemoller. He also coached 1. FC Koln (amateurs), Bayer Leverkusen, TuS Lindlar and Germany B.
References
1935 births
2014 deaths
German football managers
German footballers
Gearbox Software

Gearbox Software is an American video game development company based in Frisco, Texas. It was established in February 1999 by 5 developers. Randy Pitchford, one of the founders, serves as the president and CEO of Gearbox.
Games
Gearbox originally created expansions for the Valve game Half-Life, then ported that game and others to console platforms. In 2005, Gearbox made its own games, Brothers in Arms as an example, for consoles. It became their main franchise and spun off a comic book series, television documentary, books, and action figures. Their second original game series, Borderlands, was made in 2009, and by 2015 had sold over 26 million copies. The company also owns the property of Duke Nukem and Homeworld.
Expansion
Gearbox expanded into publishing with the start of Gearbox Publishing in 2015. A parent company, The Gearbox Entertainment Company, was made for Gearbox Software and Gearbox Publishing in 2019. Gearbox Entertainment was bought by the Embracer Group in April 2021, becoming its seventh major label. A third division, Gearbox Studios, to focus on TV and film productions, was established in October 2021.
American video game companies
1999 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Texas
Petit-Val

Petit-Val is a new municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Chatelat, Monible, Sornetan and Souboz merged into the new municipality of Petit-Val.
References
Other websites
Official website of the municipality of Petit-Val
Municipalities of Bern
2015 establishments in Switzerland
Prime Minister of Sri Lanka

The Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( ; ) is the most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers in Sri Lanka. They are in charge for their policies and actions to parliament. The President is both head of state and head of government in Sri Lanka. Since 1978, most prime ministers have served as mere deputies to the executive presidency, while at times served as the de-facto head of government.
List of prime ministers
Parties
Living former prime ministers
The most recent death of a former Prime Minister was that of D. M. Jayaratne (2010-2015) on 18 November 2019, aged 88.
References
Random Harvest

Random Harvest is a 1942 American romantic drama movie directed by Mervyn LeRoy and was based on the 1941 novel of the same name by James Hilton. It stars Ronald Coleman, Greer Garson, Susan Peters, Philip Dorn, Henry Travers, Reginald Owen, Bramwell Fletcher, Alan Napier, Margaret Wycherly, Melville Cooper, Jill Esmond and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 7 Academy Awards in 1943.
References
Other websites
1942 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
MGM movies
Movies directed by Mervyn LeRoy
KNVB Cup

The KNVB Cup () is a competition in the Netherlands organized by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) since 1899. It was based on the format of the English FA Cup. Outside of the Netherlands, it is often referred to as the Dutch Cup. The tournament consists of all teams from the top two leagues of Dutch football (the Eredivisie and Eerste Divisie), as well as the top four teams from each of the six third tier of Dutch football (Hoofdklasse), while the remaining teams are drawn from the fourth tier (Eerste Klasse). The finals of the tournament usually takes place in De Kuip, and has been held there every season since 1988. The winners of the cup compete against the winners of the Eredivisie for the Johan Cruijff Shield, which is the first game of the following season.
History
The competition was created during a board meeting of the Dutch National Football Association, in the Hague, on 19 January 1898. The tournament began the following season, 1898-1899. The first final was played on 9 May 1899 between RAP Amsterdam and HVV Den Haag. In 1946, the trophy was changed to one made out of silver, which was very rare in after World War II.
Name changes
Like many national cup competitions, the name of the tournament has changed with sponsorship. From 1995, the competition went from being the KNVB Cup Tournament to being known as the Amstel Cup after the then sponsor Amstel. On 16 August 2005, the name was changed to the Gatorade Cup after the drinks company Gatorade. In 2006, the name returned to being the KNVB Cup Tournament with Gatorade remaining as the principal sponsor.
European competition
Up until 1998, the winner of the cup entered into the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, but with the abandonment of that tournament, the winner now goes into the UEFA Europa League. If the winning team has won the Eredivisie and thus entry into the UEFA Champions League, then the beaten KNVB Cup finalist will take the place in the UEFA Europa League.
In 1998, both teams in the KNVB final, Ajax and PSV, had won places into the Champions League. So a game was played between the beaten semi-finalists, SC Heerenveen and FC Twente, to determine who would take the Cup Winners' Cup place.
Number of titles
Notes
References
Other websites
KNVB.nl - Official website KNVB
RSSSF History of the Dutch Cup
Netherlands
Funimation

Funimation Productions, LLC is an American entertainment company. It is well known for dubbing and releasing content made outside the United States, especially with anime. Sony owns 95% of the company. This ownership is shared between Sony Pictures and Sony Music Entertainment Japan. The other 5% is owned by Gen Fukunaga, who is one of Funimation's founders. The company is based in Flower Mound, Texas. It is one of the most important companies in North America that release anime and other foreign entertainment.
The company was created on 9 May 1994 by Gen Fukunaga and his wife, Cindy. The original name of the company during this time was FUNimation Productions. Later, in 2005, Navarre Corporation bought the company. It was also renamed FUNimation Entertainment. In 2011, Funimation was sold to a group of investors by Navarre.
In 2002, it merged with Crunchyroll.
References
Other websites
Anime
1994 establishments in Texas
Sony
American entertainment companies
Companies based in Texas
Rodent

Rodents (from Latin , 'to chew') are a very successful group of paleocity. They form the order Rodentia.
They have no more than 2 incisors. These keep growing, and must be kept worn down by gnawing (eroding teeth by grinding them on something hard); this is the origin of the name, from the Latin rodere, "to gnaw", and dent, "tooth".
Most rodents are small. Examples of commonly known rodents are mice, rats, chipmunks, and squirrels. Some other small rodents sometimes kept as pets are Guinea pigs, hamsters, and gerbils.
Examples of larger rodents are porcupines, beavers, and the largest living rodent, the capybara, which can grow to between 105 and 135 cm (40-55 in) in length, and weigh 35 to 65 kg (75-140 lbs).
Almost half of all mammal species are rodents. More examples of rodents are voles, prairie dogs, groundhogs, and chinchillas.
Rabbits, hares, and pikas are sometimes called rodents, because they also have teeth that keep growing. But in 1912 biologists decided to put them in a new, separate order, Lagomorpha, because they have two extra incisors in their upper jaw.
Shrews are sometimes called rodents, because they look like mice, but that is not correct. They are in the order Insectivora.
Taxonomy
There are more families than these. The list includes the more common families.
Order Rodentia
Suborder Anumaluromorpha
Family Anomaluridae
Family Pedetidae
Suborder Castorimorpha
Family Castoridae (Beavers)
Family Geomyoidea (Pocket gophers, Kangaroo rats and mice)
Suborder Hystricomorpha
Family Ctenodactylidae
Family Hystricidae
Family Myocastoridae
Family Caviidae
Family Chinchillidae
Family Cuniculidae
Suborder Sciuromorpha
Family Aplodontiidae: mountain beaver
Family Gliridae (also Myoxidae, Muscardinidae): dormice
Family Sciuridae: squirrels, including chipmunks, prairie dogs, & marmots
Suborder Myomorpha
Superfamily Muroidea
Superfamily Dipodoidea
Family Dipodidae
Related pages
Josephoartigasia
Other websites
UCMP Berkeley: Introduction to the Rodentia
https://www.utep.edu/leb/pleistnm/taxaMamm/lagomorpha.htm
Latvia (European Parliament constituency)

Latvia () is a European Parliament constituency representing the entire country of Latvia. It was created in 2004.
Election results
References
European Parliament constituencies
Francisco I. Madero

Francisco I. Madero (October 30, 1873 - February 22, 1913) was a reformist politician and writer. He was President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913. He never held any other political office. He satarted the Mexican Revolution . This helped overthrow dictator Porfirio Diaz. Madero was not able to change all of the government of Diaz. Some people did not like him, because he had removed Diaz from power. For the revolutionary forces, he was not radical enough; these forces thought he should have done more. Victoriano Huerta, a general who had served under Diaz, removed Madero from power in 1913. The general also executed Madero.
1873 births
1913 deaths
Presidents of Mexico
Reinaldo Vicente Simão

Reinaldo Vicente Simao (born 23 October 1968) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Bellmare Hiratsuka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||23||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||23||3
|-
|1996||15||4||2||0||15||1||32||5
|-
|1997||12||3||0||0||5||0||17||3
50||10||2||0||20||1||72||11
50||10||2||0||20||1||72||11
|}
References
1968 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Saverne

Saverne is a commune in north-eastern France, in the Bas-Rhin department, of which it is a subprefecture. It is in the Grand Est region.
The commmune is in the historical and cultural region of Alsace.
Geography
Saverne is in the west of the Bas-Rhin department, to the west of Strasbourg. The Marne-Rhine Canal flows through the city of Saverne. The Zorn river, a right tributary of the Moder river, flows through the commune.
The commune has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The distances from Saverne to other cities are:
Paris, the national capital - ;
Strasbourg, the regional capital - ;
Marseille - ;
Lyon - ;
Reims - ;
Bordeaux - ;
Toulouse - ;
Montpellier - ;
Nice - .
The commune of Saverne is surrounded by the following communes:
Climate
The climate of Saverne, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Saverne are known, in French, as Savernois (women: Savernoises).
With a population of 11,433, Saverne has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Saverne
Administration
Saverne is a subprefecture in the Bas-Rhin department since 1800. It is the capital of the Saverne arrondissement and is also the administrative centre () of the canton of Saverne formed by 49 communes, with 49,469 inhabitants (2014).
Twin towns
Saverne is twinned with:
Donaueschingen, Germany, since 1964
Leominster, England, since 1992
Pokrov, Russia, since 2003
Gallery
Related pages
Arrondissement of Saverne
Communes of the Bas-Rhin department
References
Other websites
Ville de Saverne - Official site
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Subprefectures in France
Mount Koubru

Mount Koubru or Mount Koupalu is a high mountain in the northern hill province of Manipur. It has cultural and religious significance to the Meitei ethnicity since the inception of Ancient Manipur. According to Meitei mythology and religion, the peak is the sacred abode of God Koupalu at his family.
References
Meitei culture
Mountains of India
João Bernardo Vieira

Joao Bernardo "Nino" Vieira (, 27 April 1939 - 2 March 2009) was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1984, for the second time from 1984 to 1999, and for the third time from 2005 to 2009.
Vieira was killed by soldiers on 2 March 2009. The military officially denied these allegations
References
1939 births
2009 deaths
Murders by firearm
Assassinated people
Presidents of Guinea-Bissau
Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau
Buire-Courcelles

Buire-Courcelles is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Communes in Somme
McCarthy Stone

McCarthy Stone is a developer and manager of retirement communities in the United Kingdom. It is based in Bournemouth.
John McCarthy and Bill Stone became partners in 1961, and in 1977 they built their first retirement housing development in Hampshire. Because the population was getting older they did very well. It is the largest provider of new Extra Care developments in the UK.
In 2023 it opened its 500th retirement community. It supports more than 22,000 older people, mostly in their 80s.
References
Old age
Housing in the United Kingdom
Social care
Symmetry

Reflectional Symmetry is a property of certain geometrical objects that appears the same when mirrored or reflected along an axis. This axis has to cross the shape through the middle of that object dividing into equal halves.
In rotational symmetry, the object is identical when it is rotated by a certain amount.
The precise notions of symmetry have various measures and operational definitions. For example, symmetry may be observed
with respect to the passage of time;
as a spatial relationship;
through transformations such as rotation;
through other kinds of transformations;
as an aspect of scientific models, language, music and even knowledge itself.
Asymmetry
Asymmetry is the absence of symmetry. It is best defined like that because symmetry is relatively rare, and all other objects are asymmetric.
References
Further reading
Geometry
Aging in cats

Reliable information on the lifespans of house cats is hard to find. However, research has been done to get an estimate (an educated guess) on how long cats usually live. Cats usually live for 13 to 20 years. Sometimes cats can live for 22 to 30 years but there are claims of cats dying at ages of more than 30 years old.
The Guinness World Record for the oldest cat was for a cat named Creme Puff, who was 38 years old. Female cats seem to live longer than male cats. Neutered cats live longer than cats that have not been neutered. Mixed breed cats also appear to live longer than purebred cats. Researchers have also found that cats that weigh more have shorter lifespans.
People sometimes guess how long a cat will live by comparing it to how long a human usually lives. You can estimate a cat's age in "cat years" by multiplying the cat's age in normal years by 7. A better guess for cat years used by veterinarians is: the cat's age times 4, then plus 16. You can use this math for cats who are at least 2 years old.
This is an example of both ways of estimating cat years for a 5 year old cat:
The life expectancy of an indoor cat is around 17 years, but the life expectancy of outdoor cats is 5.6 years.
Related pages
Ageing
Cat
Death
References
Cats
Mahmoud Riad

Mahmoud Riad () (January 8, 1917 - January 25, 1992) was an Egyptian diplomat. He was Egyptian ambassador to United Nations from 1962 to 1964, Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1964 to 1972, and Secretary-General of the League of Arab States from 1972 to 1979.
Honour
Foreign honour
: Honorary Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (1965)
References
1917 births
1992 deaths
Egyptian politicians
Secretaries General of the Arab League
People from Cairo
Caenagnathasia

Caenagnathasia (meaning 'recent jaw from Asia') was a small oviraptorosaurian dinosaur (superfamily Caenagnathoidea), measuring only 1 m (3 ft) in length and weighing around 8 kg (18 lb). Like all oviraptorosaurs, Caenagnathasia had three fingers on each 'hand' and three toes on each 'foot', with bone fusion similar to that of birds.
Caenagnathasia lived in the Upper Cretaceous, around 90 million years ago.
Oviraptorosauria
Fossils
Maglera Doe Boy

Tokelo Moyakhe (born 3 August 1993), is a South African rapper and songwriter popularly known as Maglera Doe Boy (or simply Maglera). He became famous after the release of "Never Ride" by MashBeatz after the single went viral on video sharing platform TikTok.
Discography
Studio albums
Diaspora (2022)
Collaborative albums
Champion Music () (2020)
Champion Music 2 () (2022)
Extended plays
Progression (2015)
Awards and nominations
References
Other websites
1993 births
Living people
Phase change

A phase change is a change in the states of matter. For example, a solid may become a liquid. This phase change is called melting. When a solid changes into a gas, it is called sublimation. When a gas changes into a liquid, it is called condensation. When a liquid changes into a solid, it is called solidification. When a gas changes into a solid, it is called deposition . When a liquid changes into gas, it is called evaporation or boiling. Phase changes are usually caused by changes in temperature or pressure.
As the states of matter change from solid to liquid to gas, respectively, their composition changes as well. For example, in a solid, the bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds. That allows the solid substance to have a definite volume and shape. However, when the heat is added to the solid and it melts to become a liquid, the bonds are considerably weaker, and in water, are simply hydrogen bonds. A liquid has a definite volume but not a definite shape, and it thus takes the shape of the container in which it is. When more heat is added, the liquid substance evaporates and becomes a gas, which has no bonds at all. Gas is simply a formless collection of particles that tends to expand in all directions at the same time in order to occupy its full container. If a gas is not confined, the space between the particles will continue to increase. A gas has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.
In this pattern, solid to liquid to gas, heat is being added in order to provoke the phase change. In the other "direction," gas to liquid to solid, heat is being released through the phase change.
It often helps to think of an ice cube when thinking of phase changes. An ice cube is a solid, and when heated up, it becomes liquid water. When heated up some more, it becomes water vapor, which is a gas.
Chemistry
Physics
2020 Darfur attacks

The 2020 Darfur attacks were three mass shootings. They occurred from 12-26 July 2020 in Darfur, Sudan, killing 89 people. They were part of the War in Darfur, which continued with major clashes in January 2021.
2020 in Africa
2020s murders in Africa
2020 attacks
2020s in Sudan
July 2020 events
Mass murder in 2020
2020s mass shootings in Africa
2020 mass shootings
Massacres in Africa
Operación Puerto doping case

The Operacion Puerto doping case (meaning Operation Mountain pass) is a doping investigation in Spain. It started in May of 2006.
Dr. Eufemiano Fuentes is accused of giving banned doping drugs to 200 professional athletes.
Fuentes doped a lot of well known tennis and football stars but most attention was on the fairly small number of professional road cyclists that were named in the investigation.
By May 2007, fifteen have been proved not guilty, but three have admitted doping or have had very much evidence of blood doping placed before them.
References
Doping cases in sport
Doping cases in cycling
Comet Hale–Bopp

Comet Hale-Bopp (formerly called C/1995 O1) is the biggest and brightest comet that has come by Earth in the last century. It was called the Great Comet of 1997. It is probably the most-seen comet in history - even more than the famous Halley's comet.
Discovery
Hale-Bopp was discovered by two astronomers, Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp. This is a long-period comet (it will not return to earth for a long time). It is so big that its coma (the steam burning off of it) is as big as the Sun. It didn't come close enough to the sun to cross Earth's orbital path, so we could not see a meteor shower from the dust trail.
Chemicals
Scientists found lots of organic chemicals in Hale-Bopp which they never saw before. It was also the first comet that had the gas argon in it.
It also has a sodium tail. See the picture on the left.
UFO claims
A person named Chuck Shramek saw a not very bright, "Saturn-like" thing following Hale-Bopp and called the Art Bell radio program and told them about it. Lots of people thought a UFO was following behind the comet, even though many astronomers, including Alan Hale, tried to tell them it was just a star..
A few months later, the Heaven's Gate cult said they had to join the alien spaceship by leaving their earthly bodies, and lots of people killed themselves.
References
Further reading
Newcott, William R. (December 1997). "The age of comets". National Geographic, p. 100.
Other websites
Cometography.com: Comet Hale-Bopp
NASA Hale-Bopp page
Shadow and Substance.com: Static orbital diagram
Comet Nucleus Animation
COMET PHOTO ALTERED, UH SCIENTIST SAYS - Honolulu Advertiser by Michael Hammerschlag
Comets
1997
Mike Rounds

Mike Rounds (born October 24, 1954) is the junior United States Senator from South Dakota. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 2015.
Rounds was born on October 24, 1954 in Huron, South Dakota. He graduated from the South Dakota State University. He was married to Jean Vedvei from 1978 until her death in 2021. They have four children.
In February 15, 2018 Mike Round interview with Martha MacCallum on Fox News channel, he said about a bipartisan Immigration fail to move forward in the Senate.
References
Other websites
Mike Rounds, U.S. Senator for South Dakota, Home Page
1954 births
Living people
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Businesspeople from South Dakota
United States senators from South Dakota
Governors of South Dakota