pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sex chromosome

Sex chromosomes are chromosomes which determine the sex of individual organisms. In men, for example, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, and one of these pairs are sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes, males have one X and one Y. An egg always carries a single X, while sperms carry either an X or a Y. That is how sex is determined in humans.
Not all organisms have their sex determined by chromosomes. Those that do use the sex chromosome system have variations in how it happens. The account above is generally true for mammals.
Related pages
Sex determination
Karyotype
Chromosome
References
Biological reproduction
Chromosomes
Sequoia National Park

Sequoia National Park is a national park in the U.S. state of California. It was created on September 25, 1890. The park covers . The park contains the highest point in the contiguous 48 United States, Mount Whitney, at above sea level. The park is next to Kings Canyon National Park. The two parks are managed together by the National Park Service.
The park is famous for its giant sequoia trees. One of these trees is the General Sherman tree, one of the biggest trees on Earth. The General Sherman tree is in the Giant Forest, which has five of the ten biggest trees in the world.
References
Other websites
NPS: official Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks website
National parks in the United States
Geography of California
Tulare County, California
1890 establishments in California
1350

1350 was a common year.
Events
England invades France
29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer.
Hayam Wuruk becomes ruler of the Majapahit Empire.
The Black Death ravages Europe. (1347-1351)
The Black Death first appears in Scotland.
Births
January 23 - Vincent Ferrer, Spanish missionary and saint (died 1419)
October 12 - Dmitri Donskoi, Grand Duke of Muscovy and Vladimir (died 1389)
Pierre d'Ailly, French theologian (died 1420)
John I of Aragon (died 1395)
Eleanor of Arborea, ruler of Sardinia (died 1404)
Pope Boniface IX, second Roman pope of the Western Schism (died 1404)
Jehuda Cresques, Catalan cartographer (died 1427)
Margaret III, Countess of Flanders (died 1405)
Agnolo Gaddi, Italian painter (died 1396)
William Gascoigne, Chief Justice of England (approximate date; died 1419)
Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (died 1397)
Manuel II Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1425)
John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (approximate date; died 1400)
Madhava of Sangamagrama, Indian mathematician (died 1425)
John I Stanley of the Isle of Man (approximate date; died 1414)
Ralph Strode, English scholar (died 1400)
Katherine Swynford, mistress of John of Gaunt (approximate date; died 1403)
Hrvoje Vukcic Hrvatinic (died 1415)
Richard Whittington, Lord Mayor of London (died 1423)
William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (died 1399)
Andrew of Wyntoun, Scottish historian (died 1420)
Deaths
March 26 - Alfonso XI of Castile (born 1311)
April 3 - Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy (born 1295)
August 22 - Philip VI of France (born 1293)
Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu
Jean de Marigny, French bishop
Juan Ruiz, Archpriest of Hita (approximate date; born c. 1283)
Maol Iosa V, Earl of Strathearn, last Gaelic Mormaer of Strathearn
Namdev, Marathi saint and poet (born 1270)
John Dean

John Wesley Dean III (born October 14, 1938) is an American attorney, political aide, writer, critic and convicted felon. He was born in Akron, Ohio. Dean was White House Counsel for United States President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973. Dean is known for his role in the cover-up of the Watergate scandal and his testimony to Congress as a witness.
His guilty plea to a single felony in exchange for becoming a key witness led to a reduced sentence, which he served at Fort Holabird outside Baltimore, Maryland. After his plea, he was disbarred as an attorney. Afterwards, he became a critic of the Republican Party, Presidents George W. Bush and Donald Trump, and the Iraq War.
References
Other websites
Worse Than Watergate: Former Nixon Counsel John Dean Says Bush Should Be Impeached Democracy Now!, April 6, 2004, interview with John Dean
Doing Legal, Political, and Historical Research on the Internet Using Blog Forums, Open Source Dictionaries, and More John Dean, Findlaw, September 9, 2005
Video of John Dean interview by Keith Olbermann on Countdown with Keith Olbermann about Dean's book Conservatives Without Conscience on July 11, 2006, at Crooks and Liars,
Interview comparing Nixon and Donald Trump.
Spartacus Educational Biography
Booknotes interview with Dean on Warren G. Harding, March 14, 2004.
In Depth interview with Dean, April 4, 2010
1938 births
Living people
Lawyers from Ohio
American criminals
American political writers
Writers from Akron, Ohio
Politicians from Akron, Ohio
Dermot Kennedy

Dermot Joseph Kennedy (born 13 December 1991) is a musician and singer-songwriter from the Republic of Ireland. He is most famous for his 2019 single "Outnumbered".
Personal life
Kennedy was born in Rathcoole, a village in County Dublin. He is a big fan of football and supports English club Manchester United.
His auntie is TV personality Mary Kennedy.
Music career
He started playing guitar when he was 10 years old and started writing songs when he was 14. When he was 17, he began busking in Dublin. He also used to travel to Boston in the United States to perform. As a teenager, Kennedy was invited to open for Glen Hansard, an Irish folk singer.
Kennedy didn't become a well known artist until he was in his mid-20s. He reached fame with his single "Outnumbered", released in 2019, which reached number 6 in the UK Singles Chart.
Some of his other well known songs include:
Power Over Me (2018)
Giants (2020)
Discography
Studio albums
Without Fear (2019)
Compilation albums
Dermot Kennedy (2019)
EPs
Doves & Ravens (2017)
Mike Dean Presents: Dermot Kennedy (2018)
Lost in the Soft Light (2020)
1991 births
Irish singer-songwriters
Living people
People from County Dublin
Irish musicians
Irish pop singers
Recording

Recording means to capture data to store it on a storage medium or record as a video format.
Historical records of events have been made for thousands of years. Amongst the earliest are cave painting, runic alphabets and ideograms. Technology continues to provide and expand means for human beings to record their thoughts, feelings and experiences.
References
Related pages
Writing
Sound recording
Record
RecordingWiki offers you more information about recording.
Engineering
Joseph Kobzon

Iosif (Joseph) Davydovich Kobzon (; 11 September 1937 -- 30 August 2018) was a Soviet-Russian singer. He was born in Chasiv Yar, Donetsk Oblast. He performed concerts for Joseph Stalin when he was younger. His best-known song is Instants from the Soviet TV series Seventeen Moments of Spring (1973).
He went to Donetsk People's Republic and said words in support of its separatists. He got Honorary Consul of 'Donetsk People's Republic' in the Russian Federation. He voted "yes" to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation on March 20, 2014. He was put in the EU blacklist for that on February 16, 2015.
Kobzon died on 30 August 2018 in Moscow from prostate cancer at the age of 80.
References
Other websites
Official site of Iosif Kobzon
Joseph Kobzon at iTunes
1937 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Russian singers
Ronnie Van Zant

Ronald Wayde Van Zant (January 15, 1948 - October 20, 1977) was an American singer. He is known for helping make the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, and also singing for it. He is the older brother of Johnny Van Zant and Donnie Van Zant, two other musicians.
On October 20, 1977, Van Zant died in a plane crash. A plane was taking the band from South Carolina to Louisiana, but it ran out of fuel. He died when the plane hit the ground because of head injuries. He was 29 years old. People spent money to make the Ronnie Van Zant Memorial Park in Lake Asbury, Florida for him after he died.
Albums
Van Zant sang on six albums when he was in Lynyrd Skynyrd.
(Pronounced 'Leh-'nerd 'Skin-'nerd) (1973)
Second Helping (1974)
Nuthin' Fancy (1975)
Gimme Back My Bullets (1976)
One More from the Road (1976)
Street Survivors (1977)
References
1948 births
1977 deaths
American rock singers
Machine gun

A machine gun is a weapon that can fire one bullet after another as long as the trigger is pulled and there are bullets ready to fire. This is called automatic fire. A more general name for this type of weapon is an automatic weapon. Machine guns fire bullets delivered from a long chain of cartridges called an ammunition ('ammo') belt, or use spring-loaded boxes called magazines. Machine guns are usually divided into heavy-duty machine guns, light machine guns, and sub-machine guns.
Heavy machine guns (HMG) are placed on the ground, supported on a tripod, or on a vehicle. The vehicle would have a support for the gun with a rotating base or turret. Heavy machine guns often need two men to operate it, one to assist with loading ammunition, and one to aim and fire. It always takes two or more men to carry one. Famous examples include the M2 Browning machine gun, the MG42, the M1919 Browning, the M134 minigun, the Type 92 heavy machine gun, and the Maxim gun.
Light machine guns (LMG) are usually carried and fired by one man. Despite the name, an LMG is almost always rested on a bipod or a tripod while firing since the gun is normally too heavy to fire while standing, although some LMGs such as the Bren LMG and the BAR are light enough to be fired without a bipod or tripod when a sling is worn around the user. Famous examples include the Bren, the BAR, the SAW M249, the M240, the RPD, the RPK, the PK, and the M-60.
Submachine guns (SMG) are lighter weapons which fire less powerful bullets (usually pistol bullets). They are much easier to conceal and carry than the heavier versions. Submachine guns have handles (stocks), and are carried by individual soldiers or police officers. Famous examples include the Uzi, the Heckler & Koch MP5, the Thompson (a.k.a. Tommy gun), the MAC-10, the PPSh, and the MP-40.
Assault rifles have automatic capabilities but they are not called machine guns. They are used mainly in semi-automatic fire, and also normally fire lighter bullets than machine guns.
Many heavy machine guns, such as the Browning M2 .50 caliber machine gun, are exact enough to hit distant targets. During the Vietnam War, Carlos Hathcock shot at 7382 ft (2250 m) using a .50 caliber heavy machine gun with a telescopic sight.
References
Other websites
Machine gun -Citizendium
Isnilon Hapilon

Isnilon Totoni Hapilon (March 18, 1966 - October 16, 2017), also known by the nom de guerre Abu Abdullah al-Filipini ("Abu Abdullah the Filipino"), was a Filipino Islamist militant affiliated with ISIS.
He was formerly leader of Abu Sayyaf Group before its battalions pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
An April 2016 issue of ISIS' weekly newsletter Al Naba said that Hapilon had been appointed as "emir of all Islamic State forces in the Philippines".
In the early morning of October 16, 2017, he was killed at the age of 51 by the Philippine military in the Battle of Marawi along with Omar Maute.
References
1966 births
2017 deaths
Filipino military people
Islamic State people
Filipino criminals
Independence (statistics)

Probability theory talks about events which occur with a given (possibly unknown) probability. Sometimes, when it talks about several events occurring, it assumes that if one event occurs, this does not change the probability of the other events occurring.
More specifically, two events and are called independent (written as ), if the probability of occurring is the same whether is assumed to have occurred or not. Alternatively, and are independent precisely when the probability of them occurring together is equal to the product of their individual probabilities.
Abraham de Moivre wrote: "Two events are independent, when they have no connexion one with the other, and that the happening of one neither forwards nor obstructs the happening of the other."
Related pages
Conditional probability
References
Statistics
Tollet

Tollet is a municipality in Grieskirchen in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.
References
Settlements in Upper Austria
Trinidad Macías

Trinidad Macias is a volleyball player from Mexico. Trinidad competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics. She was born on 30 May 1942.
References
Other websites
1942 births
Living people
Mexican volleyball players
Mexican Olympians
Sportspeople from Mexico City
Brownington, Missouri

Brownington is a city in Henry County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Da Hool

Frank Tomiczek (born 30 December 1968), also known as Da Hool, is a German DJ and producer.
Discography
Studio albums
3 Years to Become a Ravermaniac (1995)
References
Living people
German DJs
1968 births
Joseph Shabalala

Joseph Shabalala (28 August 1940 - 11 February 2020), born Bhekizizwe Joseph Siphatimandla Mxoveni Mshengu Bigboy Shabalala, was a South African singer and musician. He was the founder and musical director of the choral group Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Shabalala was born in Ladysmith, South Africa.
On 11 February 2020, Shabalala died at a hospital in Pretoria from back surgery-related problems at the age of 78.
References
1940 births
2020 deaths
South African musicians
Deaths from surgical complications
Sunderbani

Sunderbani () is a town and a notified area committee in Rajouri District in Jammu and Kashmir.
Towns in Jammu and Kashmir
Pekanbaru

Pekanbaru (Jawi: vknbrw) is the capital city of Riau province, Indonesia. It is the third largest city on the island of Sumatra. It has an area of . As of 2014 about 1,030,732 people live there. Pekanbaru has several industries. It exports palm oil, paper and crude oil. It is a very clean city. Ferry passengers from Singapore used it as a transfer point before low-cost air travel became more popular.
References
Cities in Indonesia
1784 establishments in Asia
Establishments in Indonesia
Slash Records

Slash Records is a record label in Los Angeles. It started out producing local punk rock bands. The label was sold to London Records in 1986.
Notable artists
The Blasters
The BoDeans
Burning Spear
Dream Syndicate
Failure
Faith No More
Fear
Field Trip
GRADUATION DAY
Green on Red
Gun Club
Gun Bunnies
Imperial Teen
L7
Los Lobos
Plugz
Rammstein
Soul Coughing
Steel Pole Bath Tub
The Germs
Tribe
The Misfits
Violent Femmes
X
Related pages
List of record labels
American record labels
Companies based in Los Angeles
Lake Ontario

Lake Ontario is the smallest of the Great Lakes in North America, but its maximum depth (802ft; 244m) is deeper than lake Erie's (210ft) and Lake Huron's (750ft).
It forms most of the border between Ontario in Canada and New York in the United States of America. Its inlet is the Niagara River (from Niagara Falls), and its outlet is the Saint Lawrence River. Nearly 9 million Canadians live near Lake Ontario. It is the only Great Lake that does not touch the U.S. state of Michigan, the "Great Lakes State".
Great Lakes
Lakes of Canada
Geography of Ontario
Burn Gorman

Burn Gorman (born 1 September 1974) is a British actor and musician. He is best known for his roles as William Guppy in Bleak House, as Owen Harper in Torchwood and as Phillip Stryver in The Dark Knight Rises.
References
Other websites
British television actors
British movie actors
British musicians
1974 births
Living people
Actors from Hollywood
Multiplayer online battle arena

MOBA is an abbreviation for "Multiplayer Online Battle Arena". League of Legends is an example of a MOBA.
Multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) is a subgenre of strategy video games that has gained immense popularity since the early 2000s. MOBAs are typically team-based games where players control a single character or unit and work together with their team to achieve a common goal.
Gameplay in MOBAs usually involves two opposing teams, each trying to destroy the other team's base while defending their own. Players must work together to defeat computer-controlled enemy units and gain experience and gold, which can be used to purchase upgrades and items for their characters.
One of the most popular MOBAs is League of Legends, which was released in 2009 and has since become one of the most played online games in the world. Other popular MOBAs include Dota 2, Smite, and Heroes of the Storm.
MOBAs require a combination of strategic thinking, quick reflexes, and teamwork to succeed. Players must communicate effectively with their teammates, manage resources, and make split-second decisions in order to gain an advantage over their opponents.
The rise of MOBAs has led to the development of professional esports leagues and tournaments, where teams of players compete for large cash prizes. The popularity of these events has helped to legitimize video gaming as a competitive sport and has brought gaming into the mainstream.
While MOBAs are known for their fast-paced, action-packed gameplay, they can also be complex and difficult to learn. Many MOBAs have extensive tutorials and learning resources to help new players get started, but it can take months or even years to become proficient at the game.
Despite the challenges, MOBAs remain one of the most popular genres in gaming, with millions of players around the world logging on to play each day. With new games and updates being released regularly, the MOBA genre shows no signs of slowing down anytime soon.
Video game genres
Jennifer Poist

Jennifer Poist (born March 14, 1989) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She played at the 2011 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2012 Summer Paralympics, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2015 Parapan American Games.
She was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania. She lived in McSherrystown, Pennsylvania. She studied at University of Arizona. She is the head coach for women's basketball at the University of Arizona Disability Resource Center.
References
1989 births
Living people
American Paralympic gold medalists
American wheelchair basketball players
College basketball coaches
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Wright State University

Wright State University is a public university in Dayton, Ohio. The university has about 19,793 students. It was founded in 1967. The current president of the university is David R. Hopkins, P.E.D. . The University is named after the Wright brothers.
Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Raiders. They have 17 varsity teams and they compete in the Horizon League.
Other websites
Wright State University's Official website
Wright State Raiders' Official athletics website
Horizon League
Colleges and universities in Ohio
1967 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Ohio
Loot (1970 movie)

Loot is a 1970 British crime comedy movie directed by Silvio Narizzano and based on the Joe Orton play of the same name. It stars Richard Attenborough, Lee Remick, Hywel Bennett, Milo O'Shea, Roy Holder, Dick Emery, Aubrey Woods, Harold Innocent and Stephen Yardley.
Other websites
1970 comedy movies
1970 crime movies
British comedy movies
British plays adapted into movies
Movies directed by Silvio Narizzano
The First Echelon

The First Echelon () is a 1955 Soviet drama movie directed by Mikhail Kalatozov. It stars Vsevolod Sanayev, Nikolay Annenkov, and Oleg Yefremov.
Actors
Vsevolod Sanayev as Alexey Yegorovich Dontsov, state farm director
Nikolay Annenkov as Kashtanov, secretary of the RC
Oleg Yefremov as Alexey Uzorov
Izolda Izvitskaya as Anna Zalogina
Nina Doroshina as Nelly Panina
References
Other websites
1955 drama movies
Soviet drama movies
Movies directed by Mikhail Kalatozov
Lipomo

Lipomo is a comune in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Settlements in Lombardy
Planetary habitability

Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and maintain environments that are hospitable to life.
References
Space colonization
Prospect Heights, Illinois

Prospect Heights is a city in Illinois in the United States. It is a suburb of Chicago. In 2020, 16,058 people lived there.
References
Cities in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Moolan

Moolan is a town and Union Council of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is part of the rural Taluka of Hyderabad.
References
Hyderabad District
Union Councils of Sindh
Theloderma pyaukkya

The Burmese camouflaged tree frog, Burmese warty tree frog or Burmese bug-eyed frog (Theloderma pyaukkya) is a frog. It lives in China and western Myanmar.
The adult male frog is about 28.0 to 31.5 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's back is creamy or white in color. There are dark brown marks near its eyes. The toes of the front feet are red in color with tiny gold marks.
Name
Scientists named this frog pyaukkya after the Burmese language word for "camouflage." This is because the frog's colors make it hard to see.
First paper
References
Frogs of Asia
Central European boar

The Central European boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) is a subspecies of wild boar, live across almost all of mainland Europe, except parts of Scandinavia, European Russia and the southernmost parts of Greece. It is a medium-sized, dark to rusty-brown haired subspecies with long and narrow lacrimal bones. In Northern Italy, artificially introduced Wild boar have been bred with the smaller sized indigenous Maremman boar populations since the 1950s.
References
Mammals of Europe
Pigs
Kenneth Marshall

Kenneth Marshall (born June 27, 1950) was an American actor.
Acting credits
Filmography
Theatre
References
Other websites
1950 births
2023 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
University of Michigan alumni
Electoral district of Wagga Wagga

Wagga Wagga is an electoral district of New South Wales. It was created in 1894, abolished in 1904, recreated in 1913, reabolished in 1920 and recreated in 1927.
It is normally a conservative electorate. It is currently held by Joe McGirr, an independent.
Election results
References
Wagga Wagga
Quinssaines

Quinssaines is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Tara Rani Srivastava

Tara Rani was born in a simple family in Saran, Bihar and got married to Phulendu Babu. They joined the Quit India Movement of Gandhi Ji in 1942, they planned to raise the Indian flag on the roof of the Siwan Police Station. They managed to gather a crowd and started their march towards the Siwan Police Station, shouting 'Inquilab'.When they were marching towards them, the police opened fire Phulendu was hit and fell to the ground.Tara bandaged him with the help of her sari and continued to lead the crowd. Her husband died, when Tara came back but she continued to support the freedom struggle.
References
Indian activists
TRAPPIST-1d

TRAPPIST-1d, also known as 2MASS J23062928-0502285 d, is a small exoplanet which is about 40% the mass of the Earth. It orbits on the inner edge of the habitable zone of the ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1. It is located 40.7 light years away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. The exoplanet was found by using the transit method, which means the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. The first information about the planet were announced in 2016, but it wasn't until the following years that more information about the likely nature of the planet was obtained. TRAPPIST-1d is the second-least massive planet of the TRAPPIST-1 system and is likely to have a thin hydrogen-poor atmosphere that is closely packed together similar to Venus, Earth, or Mars. It gets just 4.3% more sunlight than how much sunlight the Earth gets from the sun, placing it on the inner edge of the habitable zone. It has about less than 5% of its mass as a volatile layer, which could consist of atmosphere, oceans, and/or ice layers. A 2018 study by the University of Washington came to a opinion that TRAPPIST-1d might be a Venus-like exoplanet with an uninhabitable atmosphere. The planet is an eyeball planet candidate.
References
Exoplanets
Janice Sarich

Janice Sarich (April 26, 1958February 26, 2021) was a Canadian politician. She was a member of the Progressive Conservative. Sarich was born in Edmonton, Alberta. She was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 2008 until 2015.
Sarich died on February 26, 2021 from cancer in Edmonton, aged 62.
References
1958 births
2021 deaths
Cancer deaths in Canada
Politicians from Edmonton
Elizabethan Religious Settlement

The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was Elizabeth I's answer to the religious quarrels that developed during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I.
This answer was given in two Acts of the Parliament of England. The Act of Supremacy of 1559 confirmed the English church's independence from Rome. The Act of Uniformity 1559 decided about the form of the English church.
Often it was seen as the end of the English Reformation and the foundation of Anglicanism. But some historians think that England only became a Protestant nation on a popular level many years later. There seem to have been great divisions in the population and among the clergy for a long time afterwards.
Related pages
Church of England
Reformation
Other websites
The Legacy of the Reformation: A New Approach
Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603), Elizabethan Religious Settlement
Elizabeth's Act of Uniformity (1559)
Documents Illustrative of English Church History
16th century in England
Protestant Reformation
Pelican, Alaska

Pelican is a city in the U.S. state of Alaska.
Cities in Alaska
Billy Hancock

William C. Hancock Jr. (known as Billy Hancock) (November 4, 1946 - January 22, 2018) was an American singer, guitarist, bassist and multi-instrumental recording artist. He has made many recordings, primarily in the rockabilly genre but also has a large body of recorded work in rock 'n' roll, blues, jazz, rhythm & blues, and country music. He was known for his songs "Shakin' That Rockabilly Fever" and "Wanted: True Rock 'n' Roll".
Hancock died in La Plata, Maryland on January 22, 2018 of complications from cirrhosis at the age of 71.
References
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
Singers from Washington, D.C.
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
American blues musicians
American jazz musicians
American country guitarists
American country singers
Deaths from cirrhosis
Disease-related deaths in Maryland
1946 births
2018 deaths
Tony DeLap

Truman Henry "Tony" DeLap (4 November 1927 - 29 May 2019) was an American artist who worked mainly in California. He was known for his abstract sculpture using illusionist techniques and craftsmanship. His works were important in the West Coast minimalism and Op Art field.
DeLap was included in several important group exhibitions of the 1960s including; Primary Structures at the Jewish Museum; American Sculpture of the Sixties at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; and The Responsive Eye at The Museum of Modern Art, New York City.
References
1927 births
2019 deaths
American artists
People from Oakland, California
Bogen, Germany

Bogen () is a town in Straubing-Bogen in Bavaria, Germany. Bogen is between the southern slopes of the Bavarian Forest and the River Danube. The town is at the foot of the Bogenberg, a hill on the Danube.
Twin towns and cities
Arco - Trentino - 3 September 1983
Arthez-de-Bearn (fr) - 4 August 1982
Schotten - Hesse - 3 June 2001
Wilhering - Austria - 22 October 2002
References
Straubing-Bogen
Theodor Hoffmann

Theodor Hoffmann (February 27, 1935 - November 1, 2018) was an East German Admiral. He was the head of the People's Navy (Volksmarine) and as the last Minister of National Defense of the German Democratic Republic and head of the National People's Army. He was born in Gustavel, Mecklenburg, Germany.
Hoffmann died in Berlin on November 1, 2018 at the age of 82.
References
1935 births
2018 deaths
German military people
German politicians
Abdal of Turkey

The Abdals in Turkey are Nomad, and the majority live in Anatolia. They came once together with Turkmen people from Central Asia to Anatolia in Sultanate of Rum. The Abdals have an own sectret language, it's a mix of Turkish-Arabic-Persian-Kurdish and some Romani loanwords, they believe in Alevism and there jobs are circumcising boys, to make basket, tinsmith, metalworking and musicians.
References
Ethnic groups in Turkey
London Transport Board

The London Transport Board was the organisation responsible for public transport in London, England, United Kingdom, and its environs from 1963-1969. In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000, the public name and operational brand of the organisation was London Transport.
Related pages
Alexander Valentine - Chairman, 1962 to 1965
Maurice Holmes (barrister) - Chairman, 1965 to 1969
References
1963 establishments in England
1969 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Transport in London
1960s disestablishments in England
Queen's Park F.C.

''Not to be confused with English football club Queens Park Rangers F.C..
Queen's Park Football Club is a famous football club based in Glasgow, Scotland, and is the oldest football club in Scotland, founded in 1867, and the oldest outside of England and Wales. The club has a lot of history and tradition, and is still the only amateur club in the Scottish League. The club's home is one of 29 UEFA five-star stadia, the all-seated Hampden Park in south east Glasgow, which is also the home of the Scottish national team. Queen's Park have won the Scottish Cup the third most amount of times, behind Rangers and Celtic.
The club's amateur status is reflected by their motto, "Ludere causa Ludendi". This means "to play for the sake of playing".
References
Scottish football clubs
Andrew Mlangeni

Andrew Mokete Mlangeni (6 June 1925 - 21 July 2020) was a South African political activist and anti-Apartheid activist. Along with Nelson Mandela and others, he was held as part of the Rivonia Trial. He was sentenced to life at Robben Island. He was born in Soweto. After his release from prison, he served as a member of parliament for the ANC from 1994 to 1999.
Mlangeni died on 21 July 2020 at a military hospital in Pretoria from an intestinal blockage, aged 95.
References
Other websites
Mandela and Mlangeni
1925 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from bowel obstruction
South African politicians
South African activists
Apartheid
Prisoners
South African businesspeople
North Reading, Massachusetts

North Reading is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Warlock (1959 movie)

Warlock is a 1959 American western movie directed by Edward Dmytryk and was based on the 1958 novel of the same name. It stars Henry Fonda, Richard Widmark, Anthony Quinn, DeForest Kelley, Wallace Ford, Tom Drake, Richard Arlen, Whit Bissell and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1959 movies
1950s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Edward Dmytryk
Movies set in Utah
Thiant

Thiant is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,999 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
References
Communes in Nord
Rick Blight

Richard Derek Blight (October 17, 1955 - April 3, 2005) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. Blight played a total of 5 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Vancouver Canucks and Los Angeles Kings.
Blight was drafted with the 10th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1975 NHL Entry Draft. After Blight retired from hockey, he became a stockbroker and marketing consultant. He was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame in 1995.
Blight disappeared on April 3, 2005. After two weeks and a Canada-wide search, his body was found dead in a field on his farm near Lake Manitoba with his pickup nearby. It was confirmed that Blight had committed suicide.
References
Other websites
1955 births
2005 deaths
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Los Angeles Kings players
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Stockbrokers
Suicides in Canada
Vancouver Canucks players
Central Professional Hockey League players
Janesville, Iowa

Janesville is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Bussus-Bussuel

Bussus-Bussuel is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Carmen Duncan

Carmen Joan Duncan (7 July 1942 - 3 February 2019) was an Australian actress and activist. She was nominated for the AFI Award for Best Actress for the 1980 movie Harlequin. She was also known for the movie Don't Let It Get You.
Her other movie appearances include Touch and Go (1980) and Turkey Shoot (1982). She played Iris Wheeler on the American soap opera Another World from 1988 to 1994.
Duncan died on 3 February 2019 from cancer in Sydney, aged 76.
References
1942 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sydney
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Actors from New South Wales
South Africa at the Olympics

South Africa was first at the Olympic Games in 1904, and sent athletes toevery Summer Olympic Games until 1960. After the passage of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761 in 1962 in response to South Africa's policy of apartheid, the nation was barred from the Games.
After the negotiations to end apartheid in 1990, the nation re-joined the Olympic movement. The South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee was formed in 1991, and South Africa returned to the Games at the 1992 Summer Olympics (and the 1992 Summer Paralympics). South Africa was also in the Winter Olympic Games in 1960, and since 1994.
Medalists
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
References
Other websites
South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee
South Africa profile at London2012.com
Nations at the Olympics
Sport in South Africa
National sports teams of South Africa
Throckmorton County, Texas

Throckmorton County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 1,440 people lived there. The county seat is Throckmorton.
History
The county was created in 1858. It is named after William Throckmorton.
Geography
The county has a total area of 915 square miles.
Places
Cities
Throckmorton (county seat)
References
Texas counties
Steven Hilliard Stern

Steven Hilliard Stern (November 1, 1937 - June 27, 2018) was a Canadian-born American television and movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Timmins, Ontario. Stern was known for his works with Michael Douglas, Christopher Reeve and Christopher Plummer. His best known movies are The Devil and Max Devlin, Mazes and Monsters, and Money. Stern was also known for directing the miniseries Black Fox.
Stern died on June 27, 2018 of stomach cancer in Los Angeles, California at the age of 80.
References
Other websites
Steven Hilliard Stern biography on FilmReference.com
1937 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Canadian movie directors
Canadian television directors
Canadian movie producers
Canadian television producers
Canadian television writers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Writers from Ontario
Casentino

The Casentino is the valley in which the first tract of the Arno River flows till Subbiano, in the Italian region Tuscany. It is one of the four valleys in which the Province of Arezzo is divided. The valley's biggest comuni are all in the Arno valley: among these the biggest are Bibbiena and Poppi, while Capolona, Castel Focognano, Castel San Niccolo, Pratovecchio, Stia, Subbiano are more or less smaller. The villages on the neighbouring hills and mountains are much smaller. These are Chitignano, Chiusi della Verna, Montemignaio, Ortignano-Raggiolo and Talla. The Casentino is mentioned in the song "Ich hab in Penna einen Liebsten wohnen", from the Italieniches Liederbuch by Hugo Wolf.
Other websites
official web site Valle del Casentino
Tuscany
Frank Kabui

Sir Frank Utu Ofagioro Kabui, GCMG, CSI, OBE KStJ (born 20 April 1946) was the Governor General of the Solomon Islands from 7 July 2009 to 7 July 2019.
References
1946 births
Governors-General of Solomon Islands
Living people
Pete Ward

Peter Thomas Ward (July 26, 1937 - March 16, 2022) was a Canadian professional baseball player. He appeared in 973 games over nine seasons in Major League Baseball for the Baltimore Orioles (1962), Chicago White Sox (1963-1969) and New York Yankees (1970). He finished in the Top 10 in the AL's Most Valuable Player poll in both 1963 (ninth) and 1964 (sixth).
References
1937 births
2022 deaths
Canadian baseball players
Baltimore Orioles players
Chicago White Sox players
New York Yankees players
Sportspeople from Montreal
Kenny G

Kenneth Bruce Gorelick (born June 5, 1956), better known by his stage name Kenny G, is an American adult contemporary and smooth jazz saxophonist. His fourth album, Duotones, brought him breakthrough success in 1986. Kenny G is the biggest-selling instrumental musician with global sales totaling more than 75 million records.
Early life
Kenny G was born in Seattle, Washington, to Jewish parents and grew up in the city's Seward Park neighborhood, which is a center of the city's Jewish community. His mother was originally from Saskatchewan, Canada. He came into contact with a saxophone when he heard someone performing with one on The Ed Sullivan Show. He started playing the saxophone in 1966 when he was 10 years old. He learned how to play under the direction of trumpeter Gerald Pfister and by practicing along with records (mostly of Grover Washington, Jr.). His first saxophone was a Buffet Crampon alto.
Personal life
Kenny G married Lyndie Benson-Gorelick in 1992, and the couple had two sons. In January 2012, Benson-Gorelick filed for legal separation. Kenny G filed for divorce in August 2012.
Kenny G lives in Malibu, California. He has been an avid golfer, with a handicap of +0.6. He had participated in the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am tournament seven times as of 2007 and teamed with Phil Mickelson to share the AT&T pro-am title in 2001 with the team of Tiger Woods and Jerry Chang. In the Golf Digest rankings of Top 100 in Music, according to golf handicap indexes of musicians, he was first in 2002 and second in 2006. He has been a member at Sherwood Country Club in Thousand Oaks, California.
Kenny G is an aircraft pilot and has a De Havilland Beaver seaplane that he flies regularly. He was also an early investor in the Starbucks coffee house chain.
References
Other websites
Kenny G at Myspace
Kenny G at Legacy Recordings
Kenny G at VH1.com
Kenny G Interview - Billboard en Espanol
[ Kenny G] at Allmusic
1956 births
Living people
Musicians from Seattle
American jazz musicians
Jewish American musicians
Sublimation (phase transition)

Sublimation is how a solid becomes a gas without becoming a liquid first. It happens when the particles of a solid absorb enough energy to completely overcome the force of attraction between them. Most substances can sublimate only at low pressure. Many can sublimate in space.
Sometimes snow sublimates. This is usually on sunny winter days when the air is very dry. Snow may look like it disappears on a cold sunny day, but this is not sublimation because it forms a thin layer of liquid water first.
At normal atmospheric pressure on the surface of the Earth, only some compounds like dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) can go through this process. CO2 changes from dry ice, a solid to a gas without being a liquid. Also diamond, graphite, iodine, ammonium chloride and aluminium chloride sublime rather than melt at atmospheric pressure.
Chemistry
Physics
Kootenai County, Idaho

Kootenai County ( ) is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 138,494 people lived there, making it the third-most populous county in Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Coeur d'Alene. The county was founded in 1864 and named after the Kootenai tribe.
Communities
Cities
Athol
Coeur d'Alene
Dalton Gardens
Fernan Lake Village
Harrison
Hauser
Hayden
Hayden Lake
Huetter
Post Falls
Rathdrum
Spirit Lake
Stateline
Worley
Census-designated places
Conkling Park
Rockford Bay
Unincorporated communities
Bayview
Cataldo
Clarksville
Garwood
Grand Junction
Lane
Medimont
North Pole
References
1864 establishments in Idaho Territory
Idaho counties
Fire-stick farming

Fire-stick farming are words used by Australian archaeologist Rhys Jones in 1969. They describe the way that Indigenous Australians used fire regularly to burn the land. This helped hunting by herding the animals into particular areas, and also caused new grass to grow which attracted more animals. Over many years it changed the types of plants and animals that lived in an area.
Fire-stick farming had turned scrub into grassland, which increased the number of grass eating animals such as the kangaroo. Scientists say that the changes caused by fire-stick farming caused the extinction of the Australian megafauna.
In the forests, fire-stick farming opened up clear areas and let more plants grow at ground level. This increased the number of animals that could feed on these plants, such as the herbivore marsupials.
Related pages
Slash-and-burn
References
Jones, R. 1969. Fire-stick Farming. Australian Natural History, 16:224
Miller, G. H. 2005. Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction. Science, 309:287-290
Indigenous Australian culture
Agriculture in Australia
History of agriculture
Indigo Girls

The Indigo Girls are an American folk and rock music duo. Their names are Amy Ray and Emily Saliers. They met during elementary school. They began performing together while in high school near Atlanta, Georgia. They began performing with the name Indigo Girls close to 1986. They have had many hit songs. They got a Grammy Award in 1990.
Solo projects
In 1990, Ray founded Daemon Records. The company has signed Magnapop, Ellen James Society, Kristen Hall, Rose Polenzani, Girlyman, Athens Boys Choir, and James Hall among others.
Ray has put out five solo albums. They are called Stag, Prom, Live from Knoxville, Didn't It Feel Kinder and "Amy Ray: Live MVP". She has toured with both The Butchies and her band The Volunteers.
Saliers is also planning a solo album. She is co-owner of Watershed Restaurant in Decatur, Georgia. Saliers was an initial investor in the Flying Biscuit Cafe in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2005, Saliers and her father, Don Saliers, a theology professor at Candler School of Theology at Emory University, released the book A Song to Sing, a Life to Live: Reflections on Music as Spiritual Practice. They promoted the release of the book together including several days of speaking and performing together at the Washington National Cathedral College in Washington D.C.
Personal lives
Both Ray and Saliers have long identified themselves as lesbians. They have never been a couple. Because of their work for LGBT rights they are seen as icons of the movement.
Studio albums
Indigo Girls (EP, 1987)
Strange Fire (1987, independent 11-song version, re-released 1989 in major-label 10-song version) US #159
Indigo Girls (1989) US #22
Nomads Indians Saints (1990) US #43
Rites of Passage (1992) US #21
Swamp Ophelia (1994) U.S #9, UK #66
Shaming of the Sun (1997) US #7
Come on Now Social (1999) US #34
Become You (2002) US #30
All That We Let In (2004) US #35
Despite Our Differences (2006) US #44
Poseidon and the Bitter Bug (2009) US #29
Holly Happy Days (2010)
Beauty Queen Sister (2011) #35
References
Other websites
Indigo Girls official site
1985 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Folk music groups
American rock bands
Grammy Award winners
LGBT musical groups
LGBT-themed musical groups
Musical groups from Atlanta
1980s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Oshakati

Oshakati is a town of 37,000 inhabitants in the Oshana Region of Namibia. It is the regional capital and was officially founded in July 1966. The city was used as a base of operations by the South African Defence Force (SADF) during the South African Border War.
Oshakati is divided into the electoral constituencies of Oshakati East and Oshakati West.
References
Oshana Region
G. Wayne Clough

Gerald Wayne Clough (born September 24, 1941) is an American educator and engineer. He was the President Emeritus of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) and Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution (2008-2015). He retired in October 2014. A graduate of Georgia Tech in civil engineering, he was the first alumnus to serve as President of the Institute.
References
Other websites
G. Wayne Clough speeches collection from Georgia Tech Archives
Biography of G. Wayne Clough on the Smithsonian website
G. Wayne Clough from the Smithsonian Institution Archives
1941 births
Living people
Academics from Georgia (U.S. state)
American civil engineers
Scientists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Dragash

Dragash is a municipality in the Prizren district of Kosovo. Dragash has approximately 41,000 inhabitants, the majority are the Gorani, a slavic language speaking Muslim group. The area is 435 km2, the population density is 94 inhabitants per km2. The City is wellknown for his Wrestlers, every year in June is hold a Oil Wreslting Festival.
References
Settlements in Kosovo
Royal College of Physicians

The Royal College of Physicians of London was the first medical group in England to receive a Royal Charter. It was created in 1518 and is one of the most active of all medical groups. It was originally created as the College of Physicians by royal charter of King Henry VIII in 1518.
Medicine
Son River

Son River (also called Sone River) is a river in central India. It is the second largest of the Ganges' southern branches.
Madhya Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Rivers of Jharkhand
Rivers of Bihar
Lundy

Lundy is an island off the coast of Devon, England, UK. It has a very small population. In the 1930s the owner sold stamps and coins as if Lundy was an independent country. You can hire cottages on this island to stay in for a week or so. You can get to Lundy by helicopter or a ferry in the summer.
Islands of England
Civilian Conservation Corps

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was started by Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. The CCC gave young men jobs such as fighting forest fires, digging ditches, and planting trees. The CCC paid these men about thirty dollars a month. At first, it was planned to get men out of the cities, but more men came from small towns and rural areas.
Other websites
TripleCCC Museum in St. Louis, Missouri
20th century in the United States
Franklin D. Roosevelt
New Deal
Great Depression