pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
MVG Class B

The MVG Class B is a type of train used on the Munich U-Bahn. They are used on every line.
The MVG Class B began service in 1981.
There are 63 trains with two cars each. Five trains have been withdrawn.
References
Wolfgang Pischek, Holger Junghardt: Die Munchner U-Bahn - unterirdisch durch die bayerische Landeshauptstadt. Munchen 2012 (3. Aufl.), (in German) p. 53-59.
Rolling stock
Munich
1981 establishments in Europe
1980s establishments in Germany
Fuad Masum

Muhammad Fuad Masum ( Muhammad Fuad Ma'sum; Kurdish: , born 1 January 1938) was the seventh President of Iraq from 24 July 2014 through 2 October 2019.
Masum is a veteran Iraqi Kurdish politician and was elected as President following the 2014 parliamentary election.
Masum is the second non-Arab president of Iraq, replacing Jalal Talabani, also Kurdish, and is a friend of Talabani.
References
1938 births
Living people
Presidents of Iraq
Prime Ministers of Iraq
Apurímac Region

Apurimac is a region in Peru. The capital is the city of Abancay.
Regions of Peru
Sam Lloyd

Samuel R. Lloyd IV or simply Sam Lloyd (November 12, 1963 - April 30, 2020) was an American actor and an a capella singer. He was best known for his roles as lawyer Ted Buckland on the American comedy-drama Scrubs and as Albert Goldfine in Desperate Housewives. Lloyd was born in Weston, Vermont. His uncle is actor Christopher Lloyd.
In February 2019, Lloyd was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer, which spread to his lungs, liver, jaw and spine. He died of the disease on April 30, 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 56.
References
Other websites
1963 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Vermont
Singers from Vermont
Sentence

A sentence is a set of words that are put together to mean something. A sentence is the basic unit of language. It expresses a complete thought. It does this by following the grammatical basic rules of syntax. For example: "Ram is walking".
A complete sentence has at least a subject and a main verb to state (declare) a complete thought. Short example: She walks. A subject is the noun (name) which is doing the main verb. The main verb is the activity that the subject is doing.
In English and many other languages, the first word of a written sentence has a capital letter. At the end of the sentence there is a punctuation mark depending on whether it is a statement, a question, a command, a request or an exclamation.
Phrases and clauses
A phrase or clause is part of a sentence.p773-777
This is an example of a sentence:
The dog is happy.
In this sentence, 'The dog' is the subject, and 'is' is the verb.
This is an example of a phrase:
The happy dog
There is no verb, so we do not know anything about what the happy dog is doing. Therefore, it is not a sentence.
A clause is a sentence within a sentence. Example:
They milked the cows, and then they made cheese and butter. This sentence has two co-ordinate (~equal) clauses, linked by 'and'.p220 and indranil das
Types of sentence
A simple sentence has only one clause, and one independent variable. The cat is sleeping.
A compound sentence has two or more clauses. These clauses are joined with conjunctions, punctuation, or both. The dog is happy, but the cat is sad.
A complex sentence has one clause with a relative clause. The dog, which is eating the bone, is happy.
A complex-compound sentence (or compound-complex sentence) has many clauses, at least one of which is a relative clause: The dog, which is eating the bone, is happy, but the cat is sad.
Sentences have different purposes:
A declarative sentence, or declaration, is the most common type of sentence. It tells something. It ends with a full stop . (The dog is happy.)
An interrogative sentence, or question, asks something. It ends with a question mark ? (Are you happy?)
An exclamatory sentence, or exclamation, says something out of the ordinary. It ends with an exclamation mark ! (That dog is the happiest dog I have ever seen!)
An imperative sentence, or command, tells someone to do something. (Give the dog a bone.)
Basic English sentences
Here are some sentences written in Basic English:
The sky is blue.
Today is Monday.
Tomorrow is Tuesday.
The baby is smiling.
Sheila is reading a book.
This is the road to take.
Read a book about the history of America.
There are beautiful flowers growing in the garden.
The cushions are new and I feel the comfort they give me.
They are playing in the grounds.
Related pages
Phrase
Punctuation
Word
References
TYpes of sentences worksheet
Raju Srivastav

Satya Prakash Srivastav (25 December 1963 - 21 September 2022), known professionally as Raju Srivastav and often credited as Gajodhar, was an Indian comedian, actor and politician. He had been a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party since 2014.
He was born in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, and moved to Mumbai in the 1980s to work in the Hindi film industry. He acted in Baazigar, Bombay to Goa, Aamdani Atthanni Kharcha Rupaiya among others. He contested in the comedy show The Great Indian Laughter Challenge and became the runner-up. He won the title of "The King of Comedy" in its spin-off show The Great Indian Laughter Challenge - Champions. He did many stand-up comedy live shows.
1963 births
2022 deaths
Actors from Uttar Pradesh
Indian movie actors
Indian comedians
Yawn

A yawn is a reflex. It involves a large, long taking in of air, the stretching of eardrums as the jaw opens wide, and last a (sometimes loud) breathing out. Pandiculation is the act of yawning and stretching simultaneously. It is easy to see when someone is yawning, but no-one knows what its function is.
Yawning is commonly associated with tiredness, stress, overwork, lack of stimulation and boredom. In humans, yawning is often triggered by others yawning (e.g. seeing a person yawning, talking to someone on the phone who is yawning) and is a typical example of positive feedback. This "infectious" yawning has also been observed in chimpanzees and dogs. Cats both yawn and stretch, though not necessarily at the same time.
Contagiousness
The yawn reflex has long been observed to be contagious. In 1508, Erasmus wrote, "One man's yawning makes another yawn.," and the French proverbialized the idea to "Un bon bailleur en fait baillier deux." ("One good gaper makes two others gape"). Often, if one person yawns, this may cause another person to "empathetically" yawn. Observing another person's yawning face (especially his/her eyes), even reading, or thinking about yawning, or looking at a yawning picture can cause a person to yawn.
The immediate cause for contagious yawning may be the mirror neurons in the frontal cortex of certain vertebrates, which, upon being exposed to a stimulus, activates the same regions in the brain. Mirror neurons have been proposed as a driving force for imitation which lies at the root of much human learning such as language acquisition. Yawning may be an offshoot of the same imitative impulse.
Reasons, functions
Charles Darwin argued, in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, that if a behaviour was present in many cultures, then it must be inherited (wholly or partly). All traits which appear in a wide range of animals must have some function which is supported (or was supported) by natural selection. In most cases the function is obvious, but with yawning we do not know what that function is. Suggestions have been made, but they do not seem to account for its widespread occurrence in mammals, and possibly in other vertebrates.
Other vertebrates
Because mammals have similar emotions, and can show their emotions very clearly, it is agreed that when they look as if they are yawning, it is yawning in every sense. The reasons for this are similar to the reasons why we think other humans feel the same as us when the show the same signs.
References
Ethology
Physiology
By, Doubs

By is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
The Queen of Babylon

La cortigiana di Babilonia (English title: Queen of Babylon) is a 1954 Italian action drama movie directed by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia and starring Rhonda Fleming, Ricardo Montalban, Roldano Lupi, Carlo Ninchi, Tamara Lees. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1954 drama movies
1950s action movies
Italian action movies
Italian drama movies
Movies directed by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia
Buttered cat paradox

The buttered cat paradox is a popular joke based on putting two adages (sayings) together to make them funny:
Cats always land on their feet.
Buttered toast always lands buttered side down.
The paradox happens when one asks this question: What would happen if one attached a piece of buttered toast (butter side up) to the back of a cat, then dropped the cat from a large height?
In reality
In reality, cats can turn themselves right side up in mid-air if they should fall upside-down. This is named the cat righting reflex. This reflex lets them land on their feet if dropped from high enough up (about ). Toast, not being alive, does not have the ability to turn itself over. Nor does it want to, since it cannot think.
Toast usually lands on the floor butter-side-down. This is because of how it is dropped from a table. As the toast falls from the table, it rotates or turns. Using the average speed of rotation for a slice of toast as it falls from the table and the usual height of a table, a slice of toast that began butter-side-up on the table will land butter-side-down on the floor 81% of the time. This is because the buttered side is heavier. When an object has a heavy and light side, in most cases it will fall heavy side first.
Domestic cats usually weigh between . A regular slice of bread weighs only one ounce and a pat of butter about one fourth ounce. So attaching a very small piece of toast with butter to a much larger cat would hardly have any effect on how the cat would move.
References
Other websites
Loopholes for the paradox
Cats
Humor
Miroslav Tuđman

Miroslav Tudman (25 May 1946 - 31 January 2021) was a Croatian scientist and politician. He was born in Belgrade, then-Yugoslavia. He was a member of the Croatian Democratic Union. From 2011 until his death, he was a member of the Croatian Parliament.
Tudman died on 31 January 2021 in Zagreb, Croatia from COVID-19, aged 74.
References
1946 births
2021 deaths
Croatian scientists
Croatian politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia
Bouret-sur-Canche

Bouret-sur-Canche is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
Other websites
Bouret-sur-Canche on the Quid website
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Dourbie

The Dourbie is a river in southern France that flows through the Gard and Aveyron deparments. It is a left tributary of the Tarn river.
Geography
The Dourbie river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of .
Course
The source of the Dourbie is in the Cevennes National Park, on the southern side of Mont Aigoual in the commune of Arphy, in the Gard department, at an altitude of .
It flows generally to the west and, in its lower parts, flows through the Regional Natural Park of Grands Causses.
The Dourbie passes through the departments and communes of:
Gard : Arphy, Dourbies, Breau-et-Salagosse, Treves, Revens
Aveyron : Saint-Andre-de-Vezines, Nant, Saint-Jean-du-Bruel, Millau, La Roque-Sainte-Marguerite
Finally, it flows, as a left tributary, into the Tarn river in the city of Millau, at about of altitude.
Main tributaries
Left tributary
Ruisseau de Garene - 17.4 km;
Right tributary
Trevezel - 29.6 km;
Related pages
List of rivers of France
References
Other websites
Banque Hydro - Station 03394030 - la Dourbie a Millau
Rivers of Occitanie
Wilhelm Roux

Wilhelm Roux (9 June 1850 in Jena - 15 September 1924 in Halle) was a German zoologist, anatomist and pioneer of experimental embryology.
For ten years he worked in Breslau (now Wroclaw), becoming director of his own Institute of Embryology in 1879. He was professor at Innsbruck, Austria from 1889-95, then accepted a professorial chair at the Anatomical Institute of the University of Halle, a post he retained until 1921.
Embryology
Roux's research was based upon the notion of Entwicklungsmechanik or developmental mechanics. His methodology was to interfere with developing embryos and observe the outcome. Roux's investigations were performed mainly on frogs' eggs to research the earliest structures in amphibian development. His goal was to show Darwinian processes at work on the cellular level.
In 1888, Roux published the results of a series of defect experiments in which he took 2 and 4 cell frog embryos and killed half of the cells of each embryo with a hot needle. He reported that they grew into half-embryos and surmised that the separate function of the two cells had already been determined. This led him to propose his "mosaic" theory: after a few cell divisions the embryo would be like a mosaic, each cell playing its own unique part in the entire design.
After a few years Roux's theory was refuted by the studies of his colleague Hans Driesch and later, with more precision, Hans Spemann showed that, as a rule, Driesch's conclusions were correct, but that results like Roux's may be obtained after intervention in certain planes. Despite this early lapse Roux's pioneering mechanical methodology was to prove most fruitful in 20th century biology.
Cell biology
In a remarkable paper, Roux realised the significance of the linear structure of chromosomes. Their splitting into two equal longitudinal halves assured each daughter cell got the same chromosome complement. Therefore, chromosomes were the bearers of heredity. This was a significant event in cytogenetics.
Works
Der Kampf der Teile im Organismus (1881)
Uber die Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen (1890)
Geschichtliche Abhandlung uber Entwicklungsmechanik (two volumes, 1895)
Die Entwicklungsmechanik (1905)
Terminologie der Entwicklungsmechanik (1912).
Further reading
References
1850 births
1924 deaths
German anatomists
Embryologists
German developmental biologists
People from Jena
Playground slide

Playground slides are slides for children to play on in playgrounds. The child climbs up a ladder or some stairs, then sits down at the top and slides all the way down. Some children like to slide down on their backs or on their stomachs. This can sometimes be dangerous on big slides.
Slides are made of metal, plastic or wood. They must have a smooth surface so that the child does not hurt himself. Sometimes, in amusement parks, there are giant slides called "helterskelters".
There are slides at swimming pools where people can slide down into the water with a splash. These are called "water slides" or "shutes".
Playground equipment
Roger Cecil

Roger Cecil (18 July 1942 - 22 February 2015) was a Welsh painter and mixed media artist. He was born in Abertillery, and studied at Newport College of Art and St Martin's School of Art. In 1964 he won the David Murray Landscape Award from the Royal Academy.
He was known for both his figurative and largely abstract paintings, "rich in imagery, poetry and colour, which are drawn from his environment, the industrial valley towns and mountains."
In later years Cecil suffered from dementia. He was reported as missing from hospital on 21 February 2015, and was last seen in the early hours of 22 February. After a search, his body was found on 24 February in a field near Cwmbran. Gwent Police treated the death as unexplained. They referred themselves to the Independent Police Complaints Commission because a member of the public had spoken to a police officer about Cecil before his body was found.
References
1942 births
2015 deaths
British painters
Welsh people
Birth

Birth (to be born) means when a baby animal comes out of its egg, or out of its mother after pregnancy. It is sometimes thought of as the beginning of life. It is also known as calving in livestock or whelping in meat-eating mammals.
Related medical words
Childbirth is the process at the end of a human pregnancy that results in a baby being born.
Natural childbirth is the technique of minimizing medical intervention, particularly anaesthetics, during childbirth.
Multiple birth is the birth of two (twins), three (triplets), four (quadruplets), etc., babies resulting from a single pregnancy.
Birth pangs are the pains felt by the mother during labor
Caesarean section or C-section is surgical birth through the wall of the abdomen.
Afterbirth is the birth of the placenta following the birth of the baby.
Birth canal is the term used for the vagina during birth
Birth control is the prevention of pregnancy.
Birth defect is a physical or mental abnormality present at the time of birth.
Complications may cause a miscarriage or spontaneous abortion to occur.
Infertility treatments are devices, medications, or behavior patterns to increase the probability of pregnancy.
Premature birth is the birth of an infant before the full term of pregnancy.
Stillbirth is the birth of a dead fetus or infant.
Changes in pelvis during human pregnancy
In adult females the pelvis is shaped differently from males. The differences are connected with allowing the baby to pass through the birth canal successfully. Also, during pregnancy, a hormone called relaxin softens the ligaments in the pelvis area. This produces a little bit of extra space for the baby's head to get through. The process is hard to describe in words, but fortunately there is an excellent video which explains what goes on.
Baby Centre expert advice: how pregnancy changes your pelvis.
Legal meanings
Birth certificate is a legal document describing details of a person's birth.
Birthday is a day to celebrate that the person has lived a certain number of years.
In some countries a person is considered of illegitimate birth if the child is born of parents not legally married to one another.
Spiritual meanings
Born again -a term used primarily in Protestantism, is associated with salvation, conversion, and spiritual rebirth. See Gospel of John chapter 3.
Rebirth is a belief that a person is born again after their death based on the karma of their previous births.
Virgin birth of Jesus is the Christian doctrine that asserts that Jesus Christ was born to a virgin, and thus that his conception was carried out without an earthly father.
Related pages
Death
Fertilisation
Home birth
Pregnancy
References
Pregnancy and childbirth
Dick Nanninga

Dirk "Dick" Jacobus Willem Nanninga (17 January 1949 - 21 July 2015) was a Dutch footballer, who played for the Dutch clubs BV Veendam, Roda JC and MVV Maastricht. He also had a short spell with Hong Kong club Seiko.
Nanninga earned 15 caps and scored 6 goals for the Netherlands national football team. In the 1978 FIFA World Cup final, he scored the equalizing goal against Argentina in normal time; however, Argentina went on to win 3-1 in extra time.
In 2012 Nanninga went into a coma and only regained conscience five months later. Due to diabetes his left lower leg had to be amputated.
Having lost left lower leg, he was asked what he missed most about not having a leg. The answer went along the lines of, "..er, well, actually eh..., the lower part." In 2014 his right lower leg also had to be amputated. His death was announced on 21 July 2015.
References
1949 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Dutch footballers
People from Groningen (city)
Sportspeople from Groningen (province)
Brian Donovan

Brian Donovan (born January 19, 1967) is an American anime and cartoon voice actor. Donovan is best known for his role of Rock Lee in Naruto series. Donovan is also known as the lead role of Davis Motomiya from Digimon Adventure 02.
References
1967 births
Living people
American voice actors
Actors from California
Dani Filth

Dani Filth (born Daniel Lloyd Davey, born 25 July 1973) is an English singer. He is the founder and lead singer of the extreme metal band Cradle of Filth.
He co-wrote a book with Gavin Baddeley titled The Gospel of Filth which documented the history of the band. He also appeared in the movie Cradle of Fear where he portrayed The Man. He has been accused of being a Satanist, but denounced the claims and said that he was "more of a Luciferian". He was ranked at #95 in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader.
References
Other websites
Cradle of Filth website
1973 births
Living people
British esotericists
English singers
Heavy metal singers
People from Herefordshire
Vae Tyrannis (Filippini)

Vae Tyrannis (also known as La morte di Caligola, Caligola morto) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1880, in Milano, Italy, is in the collection of the Civic Museums of Brescia (inv.n. 320).
Description
It is a work that is part of Filippini's artistic beginning based on historical subjects, also necessary to be able to win prizes to support himself, for which he treasures his studies in Brera with Bernini. Thanks to this work he will in fact receive the Brozzoni Prize, with which the Municipality of Brescia will buy "La morte di Caligola" for a very high sum at the time, 1,200 Italian lire in 1879, renaming it "Vae Tyrannis". The Opera will achieve considerable notoriety among art critics both in Italy and abroad.
Filippini will create another canvas, 280 x 150 cm, entitled "Vae Tyrannis" with which to participate in the Fumagalli artistic competition in 1800, and which will be exhibited in the same year at the Brera Academy in Milan.
Filippini finding economic stability and success, completely abandoned historical subjects in the early 1800s.
Art Prize
Premio Brozzoni, 1879
Exhibition
"Filippini", Brescia, 1979
Francesco Filippini Protagonista del Naturalismo, Museo di Santa Giulia, Brescia, 1999-2000
L'Ottocento a Palazzi Isbardi (Province of Milano), 1987
Bibliography
Francesco Filippini, un protagonista del Naturalismo, Ed. Skira, 1999, Cover
V. Colombo, 1981, p.111
Angelo De Gubernatis, 1889, p. 202
Cronaca dell'Esposizione, 1891, p. 44
Il Cittadino di Brescia, 1895
L'Illustrazione italiana, 1895, p. 171
Natura ed arte, 1895, p. 829
Arte illustrata, 1895
Corriere della sera, 1895
U. Thieme, F. Becker, Thieme-Becker, 1915, p. 562
Giorgio Nicodemi, 1927, p. 113
A. M. Bessone, 1928 p. 297
P.A. Corna, 1930, p. 396
Ugo Galetti, F. Camesasca, 1950, p. 937
S. Pagani, 1955, p. 258
B. Spataro, 1964, p. 957
G. Panazza, 1964, p. 62
Gaetano Prevedal, 1967, p. 93
E. Benitez, 1976, p. 364
Raffaele De Grada, 1978, p. 190
M. Monteverdi, 1984, p. 42, tav. 786
L'Ottocento a Palazzi Isbardi (Province of Milano), 1987, p. 50
Luciano Anelli, 1985, p. 58
G. Poloni, 1992, p. 41
Valerio Terraroli, 1997, p. 712
References
Other websites
Vae Tyrannis, Francesco Filippini, Cultural Heritage Catalog of the Italian Government
Vae Tyrannis, Francesco Filippini, Cultural Heritage Catalog of Cultural Heritage Regione Lombardia, Italy
Paintings by Francesco Filippini
1880s paintings
Daya (singer)

Grace Martine Tandon (better known as Daya; born October 24, 1998) is an American singer-songwriter. She released her self titled extended play (EP), Daya, on September 4, 2015. The EP included the song "Hide Away". "Hide Away" peaked at #23 on Billboard Hot 100. On October 7, 2016, she released her first studio album Sit Still, Look Pretty.
In 2017, Daya was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for her work on the song "Don't Let Me Down" from the Chainsmokers.
Daya was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
References
Other websites
American R&B singers
American pop musicians
Musicians from Pittsburgh
Singers from Pittsburgh
1998 births
Living people
Lisa Martinek

Lisa Martinek (11 February 1972 - 28 June 2019) was a German actress. She started her screen acting career in the early 1990s. She appeared in many movies and television series, including Blankenese, The Old Fox, Der Kriminalist, Soundless and Die Zurcher Verlobung. She was born in Stuttgart.
Martinek was twice married, and had three children. She died in a swimming accident on 28 June 2019 near Marciana on the Italian island of Elba. She was 47.
References
Other websites
1972 births
2019 deaths
Accidental deaths in Italy
German movie actors
German television actors
People from Stuttgart
Fustanella

Fustanella () is a pleated, or folded, Greek skirt like a Scottish kilt. It is worn by men from different countries in Southeast Europe.
History
The fustanella originates from ancient Greek clothing like the chiton (or tunic) and the chitonium (or short military tunic). An ancient Greek statue in Attica shows a stonecutter named Archedemus wearing a folded skirt like the fustanella. The ancient Roman toga may have also impacted the development of the fustanella.
In the Byzantine Empire, the fustanella was worn and called the podea (). It was commonly used in Greek lands as early as the 12th century AD. In Byzantine art and music, the wearer of the podea was either a hero or a Greek warrior defending the empire's borders. The fustanella was part of a military outfit consisting of bows, swords, battle-axes and armor (corselet or chain mail). In the Ottoman Empire, the fustanella was worn by Greek guerillas like the klephts and the armatoloi. In Albania, the fustanella is first mentioned in 1335 in a list of items taken from a sailor at the port of the Drin River.
The Albanian fustanella is based on the Greek fustanella. But the difference is in the number of pleats. The "Bridegroom's coat" is a Greek fustanella with two-hundred pleats that a bride would buy as a wedding gift for her groom. The Albanian fustanella has around sixty pleats or usually a moderate amount of folds.
Gallery
Related pages
Kilt
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
Other websites
The New Hellenic State (1833 - our days): Fustanella
Bottoms (clothing)
Redruth

Redruth (Cornish: Resrudh) is a small town in Cornwall. The name of the town means "red ford"; the parish church of Redruth is dedicated to St Uny. The district of Camborne and Redruth was once very important for the mining of tin and copper. Until 1974, Camborne and Redruth were included in the Camborne-Redruth urban district. In 2001 there were 12,352 people living in Redruth. The two towns with the village of Pool have more people than St Austell (Cornwall's largest settlement). In 2004, about 38,500 people were living in Camborne-Redruth.
References
Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Television station

A television station is a commercial business or organization that transmits their signals directly to television receivers (TV sets). It usually has a studio for making TV shows. Television transmissions can be broadcast using analog television signals or digital television signals. Broadcast television standards are set by the government. These standards vary around the world. Analog television stations usually broadcast their signals on one television channel. Digital television stations broadcast their signals over one or more subchannels.
The term "television stations" is normally applied to earth-based television stations and not to cable television or satellite television broadcasting. Television stations usually require a broadcast license from a government agency. That agency sets the rules which television stations must follow. In the United States, for example, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licenses television channels.
Affiliates
In the United States, stations are normally either "affiliates" or "independants". Affiliates are stations that are a part of a network. Most networks are nation-wide. Affiliates get much of the programs that they broadcast from the network. It is common for affiliates to broadcast the programs it gets from the network during the primetime hours of 8pm to 11pm and broadcast syndicated or local programing during the rest of the day. Local programing often includes local news, weather and traffic reports. Independant station are not a part of a larger network. They normally provide locally created or syndicated programs and movies.
For example, KTLA is the CW affiliate in Los Angeles. They broadcast programs that are provided to them by the national network The CW. It also broadcast locally created sports and news programs.
References
Manabu Nakamura

Manabu Nakamura (born 26 June 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Brummell Sendai||rowspan="3"|Football League||13||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||13||0
|-
|1997||17||2||2||0||0||0||19||2
|-
|1998||23||1||3||0||3||0||29||1
|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||22||1||1||0||0||0||23||1
|-
|2000||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2001||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
84||4||6||0||4||0||94||4
84||4||6||0||4||0||94||4
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Iwate Prefecture
Zapotec peoples

The Zapotec are a native tribe of people from Mexico. People think there are between 300.000 and 400.000 people. Most of them live in the state of Oaxaca. Most of them speak either Zapotec dialect continuum or the Chatino language. Before Christopher Columbus came to America, the Zapotec civilisation was highly developed. It also included a system of writing.
References
Malinowski, Sharon; Sheets, Anna, ed. (1998); "Zapotec" in The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes; Gale Research, Detroit, Michigan.
Other websites
Zapotec Culture (in English and Spanish)
Zapotec Language (including variants, in English and Spanish)
Mexico
Native Americans
Opéra-comique

Opera comique is a French opera tradition. Many French operas from the early 18th century to the early 20th century are operas comiques. In this French tradition there is spoken dialogue as well as songs and dances. It developed from the popular vaudevilles.
In Paris there is a theatre called the Opera-Comique where these operas were performed. Although "opera comique" means "comic opera" it is not necessarily comedy. Bizet's opera Carmen is probably the most famous opera comique, and it is a tragedy. By the late 19th century the opera-comique usually had no spoken dialogue. There was music all the way through (as there is in Carmen).
Opera genres
Old World monkey

The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of primates which are native to Africa and Asia today.
The Old World monkeys live in a range of environments from tropical rain forest to savanna, shrubland and mountainous terrain. They are also known from Europe in the fossil record. A (possibly introduced) free-roaming group of monkeys still survives in Gibraltar (Europe) to this day. Old World monkeys include many of the most familiar species of nonhuman primates, such as baboons and macaques.
Old World monkeys are medium to large in size, and range from arboreal forms, such as the Colobus, to fully terrestrial forms, such as the baboons. The smallest is the talapoin, with a head and body 34-37 cm in length, and weighing between 0.7 and 1.3 kilograms, while the largest is the male mandrill at around 70 cm in length, and weighing up to 50 kilograms (the females are much smaller).
By appearance, Old World monkeys are unlike apes in that most have tails (the family name means "tailed ape"), and unlike the New World monkeys in that their tails are never prehensile (used for holding on).
In most species, daughters remain with their mothers for life, so that the basic social group among Old World monkeys is a matrilineal troop (led by the dominant female). Males leave the group on reaching adolescence, and find a new troop to join. In many species, only a single adult male lives with each group, driving off all rivals, but others are more tolerant, establishing relationships between dominant and subordinate males. Group sizes are highly variable, even within species, depending on the availability of food and other resources.
Related pages
List of Old World monkey species
References
Other websites
Tan Chuan-Jin

Tan Chuan-Jin (; born 10 January 1969) is a Singaporean politician. He is the current Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore since 11 September 2017.
Education
Tan studied at the Anglo-Chinese School, Raffles Junior College, London School of Economics, King's College London and National University of Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy.
Career
Military career
Tan enlisted in the Singapore Armed Forces in 1987 and was commissioned as an officer in the Singapore Army before attaining the rank Brigadier-General. On 25 March 2011, Tan retired from the Singapore Armed Forces to enter politics.
Political Career
Tan was announced as a People's Action Party (PAP) candidate joining the five-member PAP team contesting in Marine Parade GRC during the 2011 general election. Tan became a Member of Parliament representing the Kembangan-Chai Chee ward of Marine Parade GRC.
On 1 August 2012, he was appointed Senior Minister of State at the Ministry of National Development and Acting Minister for Manpower.
On 1 September 2013, Tan gave up his appointment at the Ministry of National Development and became Senior Minister of State at the Ministry of Manpower while continuing to serve as Acting Minister for Manpower.
On 1 May 2014, he was promoted to full Minister.
On 9 April 2015, Tan gave up his portfolio as Minister for Manpower and became Minister for Social and Family Development as part of a Cabinet reshuffle.
During the 2015 general election, Tan joined a five-member PAP team contesting in Marine Parade GRC. After the election, Tan continued serving as Minister for Social and Family Development.
On 11 September 2017, he resigned his Cabinet roles and became the 10th Speaker of Parliament.
Tan still hold his parliamentary seat in Kembangan-Chai Chee after his five-member PAP team contesting in Marine Parade GRC won during the 2020 general election. After the election, he continued serving as Speaker of Parliament.
Personal Life
Tan is married with two children.
References
1969 births
Living people
Singaporean politicians
List of named minor planets: 400000–999999

Above 400,000
420356 Praamzius
469219 Kamo`oalewa
469705 |=Kagara
471143 Dziewanna
474640 Alicanto
486958 Arrokoth
514107 Ka`epaoka`awela
541132 Leleakuhonua
594913 'Aylo'chaxnim
Related pages
References
Other websites
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets, Minor Planet Center
Lists of minor planets by name
Piera Degli Esposti

Piera Degli Esposti (12 March 1938 - 14 August 2021) was an Italian actress. She appeared in more than 70 movies and shows from 1966 to 2020. In 2009, she won the David di Donatello for her role of Mrs. Enea in Il Divo. Degli Esposti was born in Bologna, Italy.
Degli Esposti died on 14 August 2021 at a hospital in Rome, Italy from respiratory failure, aged 83.
References
Other websites
1939 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Italian movie actors
Italian voice actors
Italian television actors
Italian stage actors
People from Bologna
Jenna Bush Hager

Jenna Welch Bush Hager (born Jenna Welch Bush November 25, 1981)
Jenna was born in Baylor University Medical Center in Dallas, She is the younger of two fraternal twin girls born to George W. Bush, President of the United States. Her twin sister is Barbara Pierce Bush.
Jenna graduated from the University of Texas in 2004. She has become a public school teacher like her mother Laura Bush was.
Personal life
Jenna has been married to Henry Chase Hager since May 10, 2008. They have one child together, a daughter named Margaret Laura Hager (b.April 14, 2013).
Other websites
Jenna Bush news, blogs and photo
1981 births
Living people
George W. Bush
Bush family
Children of Presidents of the United States
Twin people from the United States
Godwin-Austen Glacier

The Godwin-Austen Glacier is near K2 in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Its confluence with the Baltoro Glacier is called Concordia and is one of the most favorite spots for trekking in Pakistan since it provides excellent views of four of the five eight-thousanders in Pakistan.
The glacier can be approached via the important Balti town of Skardu.
Glaciers of Pakistan
Ullswater

Ullswater is the second largest lake in the English Lake District. It is about nine miles (14.5 kilometres) long and 0.75 miles (1,200 m), wide with a maximum depth of slightly more than .
Many regard Ullswater as the most beautiful of the English lakes, it has been compared to Lake Lucerne in Switzerland.
It is a typical Lake District narrow "ribbon lake" formed after the last ice age when a glacier scooped out the valley floor. When the glacier retreated, the deepened section became a lake.Three separate glaciers formed the lake. The surrounding mountains give Ullswater the shape of a stretched 'Z' with three distinct segments (or 'reaches') that wend their way through the surrounding hills.
For much of its length Ullswater forms the border between the ancient counties of Cumberland and Westmorland.
The village of Glenridding, at the southern end of the lake, is popular with tourists of all kinds. For mountain walkers, England's third highest mountain, Helvellyn and other challenging peaks are near the lake. The village has ample accommodation including two Youth Hostels and camp sites. The village of Pooley Bridge is at the northern end of the lake. Its narrow 16th-century bridge straddles the River Eamont as it flows out of Ullswater; it is overlooked by Dunmallard Hill, which was the site of an Iron Age fort. On the western side of the lake is Aira force waterfall. Near there the Brackenrigg Inn overlooks sweeping views of the dramatic landscape.
References
Lakes of the United Kingdom
PAOK FC

P.A.O.K. Thessaloniki F.C. (or simply PAOK) is a football club which plays in Greece. PAOK is based in Thessaloniki. Its colours of club are the black and the white. Its emblem is an eagle with two heads. PAOK is the fourth most successful Greek club, as it has won three Greek Championships and seven Greek cups.
First-team squad
Honours
Domestic
Super League
Winners (3): 1975-76, 1984-85, 2018-19
Greek Cup
Winners (8): 1971-72, 1973-74, 2000-01, 2002-03, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19, |2020-21
Greater Greece Cup
Winners (1): 1973
Double
Winners (1): 2018-19
European
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup:
Quarter-finalists (1): 1973-74
UEFA Europa Conference League
Quarter-finalists (1): 2021-22
References
Greek football clubs
Thessaloniki
1926 establishments in Greece
Nicole Fontaine

Nicole Fontaine (16 January 1942 - 17 May 2018) was a French politician and lawyer. She was born in Grainville-Ymauville, France. Fontaine was a member of the European Parliament for the Ile-de-France. She was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. Fontaine was the President of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2002, and was then replaced by Pat Cox.
Fontaine died on 17 May 2018 in Paris at the age of 76.
References
Other websites
European Parliament website entry
1942 births
2018 deaths
French lawyers
MEPs for France
Presidents of the European Parliament
Lempire

Lempire is a commune. It is found in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Japanese giant flying squirrel

The Japanese giant flying squirrel (Petaurista leucogenys) is a species of rodent.
Body
The body is 25-50 cm long. It weighs between 700 and 1500 grams. It has a brown skin.
Living areas
It lives in Japan in the forests on Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu islands.
Food
It eats fruits and seeds.
Reproduction
Its breeding time is from winter to early summer.
Threats
Cutting down trees and decrease its habitat.
Relationship with humans
The Japanese giant flying squirrel was hunted by human. Now, people keep them as pets.
References
Squirrels
Mammals of Japan
Charles Bridge

Charles Bridge is the oldest stone bridge in Europe. It had been constructed from 1357 to 1400. Until 1841, this was the only bridge to connect old street of Prague. It also played an very important role as the trade route between East and West zone of Prague. At first, it was called just "Stone Bridge" or "Praha Bridge." But it had the name of "Charles Bridge" since 1870.
Description
The bridge is 516 meters in length and 10 meters in width. Also, it has 16 arches. At a railing of the bridge, there are thirty sculptures of saint who are famous in the Bible and History. Except the sculpture of "Jan Hus", all of sculptures are made of sandstone. Some sculptures were made in the "Age of Baroque" but most of sculptures were imitated.
Legend
There has been legends about this bridge. One legend says that if a person touches the statue of Sanctus Loannes Nepomucenus saying the hope, the hope will come true. This is because Nepomucenus was the confessor of the queen of Bohemia. But one day king wanted to know what the queen confessed. This was because the king had a doubt that the queen had an affair with another man. However, Nepomucenus did not tell anything to king and resisted to the bitter end. So the king made Nepomucenus fall in the river. So Nepomucenus got drowned. However, He was respected as the Saint right after his death.
Photo gallery
Stone bridges
Buildings and structures in Prague
14th-century buildings and structures
Bruce Peninsula

The Bruce Peninsula is a peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is between Georgian Bay to the northeast and Lake Huron to the southwest. It is part of Bruce County.
There are two national parks on the peninsula: Bruce Peninsula National Park and Fathom Five National Marine Park. The peninsula has four main towns: Tobermory, Lion's Head, Wiarton, and Sauble Beach.
Peninsulas of Canada
Geography of Ontario
Doyle's Delight

Doyle's Delight is the highest peak in Belize. It is 1124 m high.
The name Doyle's Delight was first used by Sharon Matola in a 1989 report. The name is based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's book The Lost World (1912). The book has the quote "there must be something wild and wonderful in a country such as this, and we're the men to find it out!".
References
Geography of Belize
Mountains of North America
West Kallada

West Kallada is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India.
Demographics
India census, West Kallada had a population of 17,958 with 8,705 males and 9,253 females.
Workship centres
Kallada Valiyapally
Kallada St Marys Orthodox Valiyapally. The Tomb of Mar Adrew is in this church.So the Church called as Mar Adrew Pilgrim Church.
Thiruvatta Temple
Thiruvatta Temple (Malayalam: tiruvaarrrr shrii mhaadeev ksseetrN ) is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva at Westkallada
Educational institutions
Govt. HSS, West Kallada.
Government UPS, Valiyapadam
Govt. L. P. School, Kothapuram.
Govt. L. P. School, Kanatharkunnam.
Hospitals
Govt Ayurvedic Hospital, West Kallada
Govt Veterinary Hospital, West Kallada
Primary Health Center, Aithottuva, West Kallada
Primary Health Center, Koikkalbhagom, West Kallada
Cultural institutions
Sri Kumbalath Sankupilla Smaraka Grandhasala, Karali junction
Abhiraj Grandhasala, Kanatharkunnam
V.K.S. Grandhasala Aithottuva.
Chintha Grandhasala Ulluruppu
Nalandha Library, Thottathilkadav
Navodaya Grandhasala, Kadapuzha
E.M.S. Grandhasala, Valiayapadam west, Vilanthara.
Gramam. Grandhasala, Valiayapadam, Vilanthara.
C.K. Thankappan Smaraka Grandhasala, Aithottuva.
P.K. Raghvan Smaraka Grandhasala, Aithottuva.
Kadisseril Achyuthan Pilla Smaraka Grandhasala, Aithottuva
Priyadarsini Grandhasala, Aithottuva
T.P. Sadanandan Smaraka Grandhasala, Aithottuva.
Government service centers
Akshaya- E- Center
St Antonys Building, Karali Junction
Festivals
Kallada Jalotsavam
Vallam Kali
Popular Games
Some of the popular games here
Kabaddi
Gulan perish
References
Other websites
Sri Kumbalath Sankupilla
Villages in Kollam district
Ivan Urgant

Ivan Andreevich Urgant (, born 16 April 1978) is a Russian television personality, showman, and an actor.
TV programs
He is known for hosting various TV shows, including:
Petersburg Courier (Petersburg - Channel 5, 1999)
Cheerful Morning (MTV Russia, 2001-2002)
People's Artist (RTR, 2003-2005)
Pyramid (Russia, 2004)
Great Premiere (2005)
Spring with Ivan Urgant (Channel One, 2006)
Relish (Channel One, since 2006)
Smak (Channel One; since 2006)
Circus With Stars (Channel One, 2007)
Stenka na stenku (Showdown) (Channel One, 2007--2008)
Big Difference (Channel One, since 2008)
Single storey America (2008)
Circus (2008)
Prozhektorperiskhilton (Channel One, since 2008)
Tour de France (2011)
Evening Urgant (Channel One; since 2012)
Their Italia (2012)
Lere First TV (2012-present)
References
Other websites
1978 births
Living people
Russian television presenters
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
Yew Tee MRT station

Yew Tee MRT station (NS5) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Choa Chu Kang, Singapore.
History
The station was built in 1995, along with the five other stations of the North South Line Woodlands Extension. The two-storey station building, with a simple design and a kampung-style roof, was officially opened on 10 February 1996. The construction of the station affected 16 factories as land between the Yew Tee and Kranji MRT stations was bought by the government. The station was called Choa Chu Kang North. It was renamed Yew Tee in 1994.
Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)
References
Other websites
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
1996 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Singapore
Bazentin

Bazentin is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
In 2010 the population was 76.
Communes in Somme
Tube sound

Tube sound (or valve sound) is the sound produced by a vacuum tube-based audio amplifier. All amplifiers distort to some degree; some audiophiles prefer the sound produced by tube amplifiers. The reasons for the difference in sound between tube and solid state electronic devices is a continuing debate among audiophiles.
References
Hamm, Russell O. Tubes Vs. Transistors: Is There An Audible Difference? in Journal of The Audio Engineering Society, presented September 14, 1972, at the 43rd Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, New York.
Rosenberg, Harvey (2004). Understanding Tube Electronics II .
Santo, Brian. Volume cranked up in amp debate in Electronic Engineering Times, Issue 817, October 3, 1994.
Sound
Audio technology
Hérouvillette

Herouvillette is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
References
Communes in Calvados
Flemish Giant rabbit

The Flemish Giant rabbit is one of the largest breeds of domestic rabbits, earning the name, "King of Rabbits." Originally, these rabbits were bred for their fur and meat. It's origins are quite vague. It is believed that these rabbits are descended from the Patagonia Rabbit, possibly crossed with another rabbit. Also, no one is sure as to what region these rabbits are from.
The difference in does (females) and bucks (males) can be told by looking at their head. Bucks have a broader head while does' are dainty and have a dewlap, a fold of skin under their chin, used to keep kits (baby rabbits) warm.
The Flemish Giant rabbit has other nicknames besides "King of Rabbits." The name "Gentle Giants" was earned because unlike the smaller domestic rabbit, Flemish Giants are known for being much more calm and gentle. They are also called the "Universal Rabbit" mainly for being great pets and show animals, although, it could also be because of their use as a resource for food and material.
Size
"Giant" obviously comes from their large size. "Flemish" was the language spoken in the region where they were being bred. Their large size does mean a bit more of food and maintenance but these rabbits can be taken care of the same way the normal domestic sized rabbits would be taken care of.
Fur
Their glossy fur is short and dense. Their coats come in seven different colors; light gray, steel gray, black, fawn, sandy, white, and blue.
Growth
Mature Flemish Giants weigh 13-14 lbs on average but they can weigh up to 20 pounds, even a bit more. They can grow to be bigger than some dogs. On average, the Flemish Giant can grow to 2 1/2 in length. The longest Flemish Giant recorded is 4 ft. 3 in. The typical ear length for them is 8 inches.
References
Domesticated animals
Lagomorphs