pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Taxon

A taxon (plural taxa) is a taxonomic group or taxonomic unit. It is a group of organisms which a taxonomist decides belong together.
Taxa can be big or small, a fairly small taxon is the giraffes, a very big one is the beetles.
A taxonomist can assign a scientific name and rank to a taxon; this places it at a particular level in a hierarchy. It is not strictly necessary to assign either a name or a rank to a taxon, but doing so makes it much easier to refer to the taxon. However, many taxa have to wait for years before getting a name.
Ranks
There is no limit to the number of ranks that may exist, but the most important ranks are, in hierarchical order:
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum or Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Subspecies
Note: "Phylum" applies formally to any biologial domain but traditionally it was always used of animals whereas "Division" was traditionally often used of plants, fungi etc.
A simple phrase to remember the order is
"Dignified Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk" (there are many other such phrases).
Taxonomy
A distinction is made between taxonomy and systematics. Systematics deals with how groups relate to each other. Taxonomy deals with making groups (taxa), deciding what belongs together. Taxonomy is also known as classification.
A special part of taxonomy is nomenclature. This consists of rules on what names to use. So a taxonomist first decides what does and does not belong in a group, and then uses nomenclature to decide what name this group should have. If a group is made larger or bigger it may get a different name. On the other hand, the same name may refer to a bigger taxon (according to one particular taxonomist) or a smaller taxon (according to some other taxonomist). This means that scientific names are not guaranteed to be stable. Most names are stable, but for some taxa there is no agreement on its name, because taxonomists do not agree what does belong together and what does not belong together.
A taxonomist can decide for himself what scientific reasons he adopts for making a group (a taxon). If he is not convincing in his choice, other taxonomists will not agree with him, and they will then make other arrangements. These days biological classification is mostly supposed be done according to evolutionary (phylogenetic) relationships, so far as these are known.
Taxonomy
Bertie County, North Carolina

Bertie County (said like BURT-TEE) is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2000, 19,773 people lived there. Its county seat is Windsor.
Government
Bertie County is part of the Mid-East Commission local council of governments.
Connected Counties
These counties are connected to Bertie County:
Hertford County, North Carolina - north
Chowan County, North Carolina - east
Washington County, North Carolina - southeast
Martin County, North Carolina - southwest
Halifax County, North Carolina - west
Northampton County, North Carolina - northwest
Cities and towns
These cities and towns are in Bertie County:
Askewville
Aulander
Colerain
Kelford
Powellsville
Merry Hill
Roxobel
Windsor
Other websites
Bertie County government official website
Historic Hope Plantation
North Carolina counties
1722 establishments
1720s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in North Carolina
Ryszard Czerniawski

Ryszard Waldemar Czerniawski (20 August 1952 - 31 August 2019) was a Polish lawyer and economist. He worked as a journalist from 1976 to 1990 for the first at the Polish Press Agency and then at the weekly Prawo i Zycie (Law and Life).
Between 1990 and 1991, he was head of the Legal Department within the Capital Markets Development Division at the Ministry of Privatisation; and from 1991 until 1994 a Director of the Legal Department at the Warsaw Stock Exchange, eventually becoming vice-chairman of the Board of the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 1994, where he worked until June 2006.
Czerniawski was born in Warsaw. He died on 31 August 2019 at the age of 67. His death was announced on 2 September.
References
Other websites
Warsaw Stock Exchange
list of articles connected with Ryszard Czerniawski from Gazeta.pl
1952 births
2019 deaths
Polish economists
Polish journalists
Polish lawyers
Writers from Warsaw
Peter Gutwein

Peter Carl Gutwein (; born 21 December 1964) is an Australian politician. He has served as the 46th Premier of Tasmania since January 2020. He is a member of the Liberal Party. He has severed in the Tasmanian House of Assembly since 2002, representing the electorate of Bass. He replaced Will Hodgman as leader of the Tasmanian division of the Liberal Party and Tasmanian Premier on 20 January 2020.
Gutwein was born in England. His mother was British and his father was from central Europe. In 1969, his family moved to Tasmania as "Ten Pound Poms". He grew up in the locality of Nunamara, near Launceston. He became an Australian citizen in 1980. He is married and has two children.
References
Other websites
Parliament of Tasmania profile
1964 births
Living people
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Politicians from Tasmania
Premiers of Tasmania
Koffi Ndri Romaric

Koffi Ndri Romaric (born 4 June 1983) is a Cote d'Ivoire football player. He plays for Sevilla and the Cote d'Ivoire national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Beveren||rowspan="2"|First Division||12||5
|-
|2004/05||32||13
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Le Mans||rowspan="3"|Ligue 1||21||0
|-
|2006/07||35||5
|-
|2007/08||33||2
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Sevilla||rowspan="2"|La Liga||36||1
|-
|2009/10||||
44||18
89||7
36||1
169||26
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2005||3||0
|-
|2006||6||0
|-
|2007||8||0
|-
|2008||4||0
|-
|2009||7||3
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||28||3
|}
References
1983 births
Living people
Ivorian footballers
Detmold

Detmold (; West Low German: Deppelt) is a town in the German state North Rhine-Westphalia. It has about 74,000 inhabitants. Detmold is the cultural capital of the District of Lippe.
Other websites
Google Maps
References
Other websites
Lippe Rural District
Bram Cohen

Bram Cohen (born October 12, 1975) is an American computer programmer. He made the first torrent client, called BitTorrent.
References
Living people
1975 births
American computer scientists
American Jews
Scientists from San Francisco
American bloggers
Jin Kanaoya

Jin Kanaoya (born 29 May 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Fukushima United.
Club career statistics
|-
|2007||Thespa Kusatsu||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||Ohara JaSRA||Regional Leagues||6||2||colspan="2"|-||6||2
|-
|2008||Thespa Kusatsu||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Fukushima United||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||9||3||1||0||10||3
|-
|2010||||||||||||
15||5||1||0||16||5
15||5||1||0||16||5
|}
References
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Abraha

Abraha is a name from Ethiopia that has been used for many years and is still commonly used today. It means "father of multitudes" or "father of many nations" and comes from the Amharic language, which is Ethiopia's official language. Abraha is usually given to boys but can also be given to girls.
People
Abraha Asfaha, Eritrea's Minister of Public Works and Construction
Abraha Hadush (born 1982), Ethiopian long-distance runner
Abraha Kassa, Director of National Security for Eritrea
References
Names
Boyd, Texas

Boyd is a town in Wise County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 1,207.
References
Towns in Texas
Settlements in Wise County, Texas
Tenkoko Sonoda

was a Japanese politician. She was a member of the Japanese Diet from 1946 until 1952. In 1950, she became the first woman in Japanese political history to have a baby while in office.
Sonoda was born in Tokyo. She was married to Sunao Sonoda until his death in 1984. She was also the stepmother of Hiroyuki Sonoda.
Sonoda died on 29 January 2015 in a Tokyo hospital. She was 96.
References
1919 births
2015 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Japan
Politicians from Tokyo
Antonio Lamela

Antonio Lamela (December 1, 1926 - April 1, 2017) was a Spanish architect. He was born and raised in Madrid. His most well known projects are Santiago Bernabeu Stadium, the Adolfo Suarez, Madrid-Barajas Airport and the Torres de Colon.
Lamela died on April 1, 2017 in Madrid at the age of 90.
References
Other websites
Official website of Estudio Lamela Arquitectos
Conferencia A. Lamela
Antonio Lamela CV, at COAG
Antonio Lamela CV, at GVA
1926 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Madrid
Spanish architects
People from Madrid
Rembert Dodoens

Rembert Dodoens (29 June 1517 - 10 March 1585) was a Flemish physician and botanist. He is also known by his Latinized name Rembertus Dodonaeus.
Biography
Dodoens was born in Mechelen. In 1530 he began his studies in medicine, cosmography and geography at the University of Leuven. He graduated in 1535. He became a physician in Mechelen in 1538. He married Kathelijne De Bruyn(e) in 1539. He had a short stay in Basel (1542-1546). He turned down a chair at the University of Leuven in 1557. He also turned down an offer to become court physician of emperor Philip II of Spain. He became the court physician of the Austrian emperor Rudolph II in Vienna (1575-1578). He then became professor in medicine at the University of Leiden in 1582, and remained there until his death.
Dodoens wrote Cruydeboeck in 1554. In his times, it was the most translated book after the Bible. It became a work of worldwide renown, used as a reference book for two centuries.
The plant genus Dodonaea was named after him by Carolus Linnaeus.
References
1517 births
1585 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian botanists
Belgian physicians
People from Antwerp (province)
Waterbury, Vermont

Waterbury is a town in Washington County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Merry-la-Vallée

Merry-la-Vallee is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
John E. Walker

Sir John Ernest Walker (born 7 January 1941) is a British chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1997. Walker is Emeritus Director and Professor at the MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit in Cambridge, and a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.
References
1941 births
Living people
British chemists
People from West Yorkshire
Eugenie Clark

Eugenie Clark (May 4, 1922 - February 25, 2015), sometimes called The Shark Lady, was an American ichthyologist. Clark was known for her research on poisonous fish of the tropical seas and on the behavior of sharks. She was also one of the first people to scuba dive for research purposes.
Clark was born in New York City, New York.
References
Other websites
1922 births
2015 deaths
Scientists from New York City
Ichthyologists
American divers
Pingdingshan

Pingdingshan (Ping Ding Shan ) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province, China. It is also called Eagle City. In 2010, 4,904,701 people lived there.
Administration
Pingdingshan administers 4 districts, 2 county-level cities and 4 counties.
Xinhua District ()
Weidong District ()
Zhanhe District ()
Shilong District ()
Ruzhou City ()
Wugang City ()
Lushan County ()
Baofeng County ()
Ye County ()
Jia County ()
Cities in China
Henan
Andy McKee

Andy McKee is a fingerstyle guitarist from Topeka, Kansas. He became famous through his YouTube videos in 2006.
Discography
Nocturne, 2001
Dreamcatcher, 2004
Art of Motion, 2005
Gates of Gnomeria, 2007
Split DVD with Antoine Dufour, 2007
The Thing That Came From Somewhere with Don Ross, 2008
Other Websites
McKee's Personal Website
Andy McKee's MySpace
McKee @ Candyrat Records
Interview @ InstruMentalCase
Profile from honesttune.com.
1979 births
Living people
American guitarists
American folk musicians
Musicians from Kansas
People from Topeka, Kansas
Close front unrounded vowel

The close front unrounded vowel(also called high front unrounded vowel), is a type of vowel. It is an i in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It sounds like the English word meet. It is also called a long-e in American English. In English this sound has more length then it should and is not usually pronounced as a pure vowel(it is a diphthong). A pure sound can be heard in languages such as French with words like chic.
In languages
Notes
References
Vowels
David Koresh

David Koresh (born Vernon Wayne Howell; August 17, 1959 - April 19, 1993) was the American leader of the Branch Davidians religious sect. The FBI said that Branch Davidian Steve Schneider shot and killed Koresh, then committed suicide, on April 19, 1993 at the cult's compound. He was responsible for the Waco siege.
Koresh was born on August 17, 1959 in Houston, Texas to a 15-year-old single mother, Bonnie Sue Clark. In 1982 he joined the Branch Davidians.
References
1959 births
1993 deaths
American murder victims
Christian religious leaders
Murder-suicides in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
People from Houston
People from Waco, Texas
People with dyslexia
Kazerun County

Kazerun County () is a county in Fars Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Kazerun. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 258,097, in 58,036 families. The county is subdivided into six districts: the Central District, Jereh and Baladeh District, Khesht District, Kamaraj and Konartakhteh District, Kuhmareh District, and Chenar Shahijan District. The county has six cities: Kazerun, Baladeh, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Nowdan, and Qaemiyeh.
References
Counties of Iran
Fars Province
Kentucky's 2nd congressional district

Kentucky's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The district is in the middle part of the state. The cities in the district are Bowling Green, Owensboro, and Elizabethtown. The people who live in the district elect a person to represent the district in the United States House of Representatives. The district is currently represented by Republican Brett Guthrie. In the district no incumbent representative has lost an election since 1884.
Election history
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
References
02
Washington Grove, Maryland

Washington Grove is a town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States.
Towns in Montgomery County, Maryland
Olive Thomas

Olive Thomas (October 20, 1894 - September 10, 1920) was an American silent movie actress and model. Her first movie, Madcap Madge, was released in June 1917. Thomas' popularity at movie studios grew with performances in Indiscreet Corrine (1917) and Limousine Life (1918). Oliva R. Duffy was born on October 20, 1894, in Charleroi, Pennsylvania, the eldest of three children, with two younger brothers. Olive or Ollie, as she was known to family and friends, did not have much of a childhood. Life in industrial Pittsburgh was depressing and grim with its smoky factories and hard living. Olive accidentally ingested bi-chloride of mercury from a French-labeled bottle in a darkened bathroom, believing it to be another medication. Found unconscious, she died five days later. The death made worldwide headlines. Olive was only 25 when she died. She was immediately rushed to a hospital. Blinded and unable to talk due to burned vocal chords, it was hard for her to communicate with the French police, who were investigating the incident. In any case, the police left satisfied the event was an accident. Thomas passed away a day later, with her husband and brother-in-law Owen Moore at her side. She was 25 years old. Olive's final film, Everybody's Sweetheart (1920), was released after her death. Her name lives on, steeped in her scandal, enhanced by fabrications in Hollywood Babylon. Many of her films still reportedly exist (about 12 complete and some in fragments), though they have not as of yet been released on DVD or home video. On September 10, 1920, Thomas died of acute nephritis in Paris five days after consuming mercury bichloride. Although her death was ruled accidental. Thomas' death has been called as one of the first heavily publicized Hollywood scandals. Only daughter in a family of three. Her brothers were Michael James (born February 1893) and William L. (born May 1898).
References
Other websites
Literature on Olive Thomas
1894 births
1920 deaths
American silent movie actors
Actors from Pennsylvania
Models from Pennsylvania
Accidental deaths in France
Drug-related accidental deaths
Deaths from nephritis
Marcos Francisco Dueñas Jimeno

Marcos Francisco Duenas Jimeno (born April 9, 1978 in Granada) is a track and field athlete from Spain and is working as a physiotherapist. He has a disability: He is missing a part of a leg and is a T44 type athlete who took part at the 1996 Summer Paralympics and the 2000 Summer Paralympics. In the 4 x 400 meter race for T42-T46, he finished at 2nd position.
References
Spanish middle-distance runners
Living people
1978 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T44
Johnson City, Texas

Johnson City is a city in Blanco County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,361 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Blanco County.
References
Other websites
City of Johnson City official website
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Franco Baresi

Franchino Baresi (; born 8 May 1960) is an Italian football youth team coach and a former player and manager.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Baresi goal.
Honours
AC Milan
Serie A: 1978-79, 1987-88, 1991-92, 1992-93, 1993-94, 1995-96
Serie B: 1980-81, 1982-83
Supercoppa Italiana: 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994
European Cup/UEFA Champions League: 1988-89, 1989-90, 1993-94
European Super Cup: 1989, 1990, 1994
Intercontinental Cup: 1989, 1990
Italy
FIFA World Cup: 1982; runner-up: 1994; third-place: 1990
Individual
Ballon d'Or: runner-up 1989
Coppa Italia top scorer: 1989-90
Guerin d'Oro: 1989-90
FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1990
Premio Nazionale Carriera Esemplare "Gaetano Scirea": 1994
World Soccer The Greatest Players of the 20th century #19
AC Milan Player of the Century: 1999
AIC Serie A Player of the Century: 2000
FIFA 100: 2004
UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll: #17th
AC Milan Hall of Fame
FICTS Hall of Fame and Excellence Guirlande d'Honneur
Golden Foot: 2012 (under the category of "Football Legend")
Italian Football Hall of Fame: 2013
Ballon d'Or Dream Team (Silver): 2020
IFFHS All-time Men's Dream Team: 2021
Orders
4th Class / Officer: Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 1991
Notes
References
Other websites
2009 Interview
Profile at FIGC.it
Living people
1960 births
Italian footballers
A.C. Milan players
1982 FIFA World Cup players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
1994 FIFA World Cup players
Italian football managers
Eretria

Eretria (; , Eretria, literally "city of the rowers"' ) is a town in Euboea, Greece. It is across the narrow South Euboean Gulf.
References
Towns in Greece
Ytterbium

Ytterbium is a chemical element. It has the chemical symbol Yb. It has the atomic number 70. It is part of a group of chemical elements in the periodic table named the Lanthanides. Ytterbium is a rare earth element. It is soft and silver in colour.
Ytterbium is found in minerals named gadolinite, monazite, and xenotime. In nature it is found as a mix of seven stable isotopes. Ytterbium is used in some steels and is also used to make lasers.
Related pages
Periodic table
List of common elements
Lanthanides
Hamden, Connecticut

Hamden is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town's nickname is "The Land of the Sleeping Giant." The population was 61,169 at the 2020 census. Hamden is a suburb of the city of New Haven.
References
Towns in Connecticut
Chert

Chert is a type of rock that includes flint and agate. It sometimes has fossils in it, usually shells. It is a sedimentary rock, and it is very hard. It is made from quartz. People used chert to make arrow heads because it was hard and sharp when broken. The color of chertz is usually white or gray, but can be red, yellow or dark grey. If there is a lot of iron oxide in the chert it can be dark red; this type of chert is called "jasper."
References
Sedimentary rocks
Centroid

The centroid of a triangle is where all of the medians of a triangle meet. A median is from the midpoint of one of the sides, to the vertex opposite to the side.
Geometry
Padang

Padang is the capital city of the Indonesian province of West Sumatra, and the largest city on the western coast of Sumatra.
References
Cities in Indonesia
1669 establishments
Establishments in Indonesia
17th-century establishments in Asia
Folies Bergère

The Folies Bergere is a nightclub in Paris which opened in 1869 as a music hall. It was at the height of its fame and popularity from the 1890s until the Second World War. It is still in business.
History
It opened on 2 May 1869 as the Folies Trevise, offering operettas, comic opera, popular songs, and gymnastics. It became the Folies Bergere on 13 September 1872, named after a nearby street, the rue Bergere.
In 1882, Edouard Manet painted the famous A Bar at the Folies-Bergere.
In 1886, Edouard Marchand thought up a new type of entertainment for the Folies Bergere: the music-hall review. Women would be the heart of Marchand's concept for the Folies. In the early 1890s, the American dancer Loie Fuller starred at the Folies Bergere. In 1902, illness forced Marchand to leave after 16 years.
In 1918, Paul Derval (1880-1966) made his mark on the review. His reviews were to feature extravagant costumes, sets and effects, and his "small nude women". Derval's small nude women would become the hallmark of the Folies. During his 48 years at the Folies, he launched the careers of many French stars including Maurice Chevalier, Mistinguett, Josephine Baker, Fernandel and many others.
Performers
Many famous entertainers have performed at the Folies Bergere:
Filmography
1936: Folies Bergere de Paris with Maurice Chevalier
1956: Folies-Bergere with Zizi Jeanmaire
1956: Enigme aux Folies Bergere
1991: La Totale!
References
1869 establishments
Buildings and structures in Paris
Entertainment venues
19th-century establishments in France
1860s establishments in Europe
Ultra Records

Ultra Records is an American record label. Their emphasis is electronic music. They have featured releases from many artists such as The Crystal Method, Timo Maas, Sasha & John Digweed, and Junkie XL.
Other websites
Discogs entry
Official website
American record labels
1995 establishments in the United States
B. V. Doshi

Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi (26 August 1927 - 24 January 2023) was an Indian architect. His best known designs are IIM Bangalore, IIM Udaipur, NIFT Delhi, Amdavad ni Gufa, CEPT University, and the Aranya Low Cost Housing development in Indore.
In 2018, he became the first Indian architect to receive the Pritzker Prize. He was also awarded the Padma Shri.
Doshi died in Ahmedabad, Gujarat on 24 January 2023, at the age of 95.
References
Pritzker Architecture Prize winners
1927 births
2023 deaths
Indian architects
Peter Pellegrini

Peter Pellegrini (born 6 October 1975) is a Slovak politician. He was the Prime Minister of Slovakia from 22 March 2018 to 21 March 2020.
Between 2006 and 2012 he was a member of the National Council of Slovakia. He then became State Secretary for Finance until his appointment as Minister for Education, Science, Research and Sport on 3 July 2014. He was Speaker of the National Council between 25 November 2014 and 23 March 2016.
References
1975 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Slovakia
Fábio Rochemback

Fabio Rochemback (born 10 December 1981) is a Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Internacional||rowspan="2"|Serie A||16||3
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||24||2
|-
|2002/03||21||1
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||21||9
|-
|2004/05||23||1
|-
|2005/06||2||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Middlesbrough||rowspan="3"|Premier League||22||2
|-
|2006/07||20||2
|-
|2007/08||26||1
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||19||1
|-
|2009/10||1||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Gremio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||13||0
|-
|2010||||
29||3
45||3
66||11
68||5
208||22
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2001||7||0
|-
!Total||7||0
|}
References
1981 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Sugar Land, Texas

Sugar Land is a city in Texas. It is in the big city area and Fort Bend County. It is one of the richest cities in Texas. It is growing very fast. It grew more than 158 percent in the last ten years. As of the 2010 census, its population was 78,817. It is here that Miss Teen USA Katie Blair lived during her freshmen, sophomore and junior years.
Geography
Sugar Land has a total area of 34 square miles.
People
Sugar Land has 78,817 people living there.
Notes
Other websites
City of Sugar Land
Cities in Texas
Sukow

Sukow is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Districts
Sukow has two districts (Ortsteil):
Sukow
Zietlitz
References
Holy Roman Emperor

Holy Roman Emperor was the title that was given to the ruler of a loose group of places in mostly Central Europe called the Holy Roman Empire. The title of "emperor" was passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom (for which "France" is named) when, on 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
List of emperors
This list includes all emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, whether or not they called themselves Holy Roman Emperor. There are some gaps. For example, Henry the Fowler was King of Germany but not Emperor.
Emperors before Otto the Great
Some historians say the Carolingian Empire was the start of the Holy Roman Empire. Others say the start of the Holy Roman Empire was 962. The rulers who were crowned as Emperors in the West before 962 were as follows:
Carolingian dynasty
Guideschi dynasty
Carolingian dynasty
Bosonid dynasty
Unruoching dynasty
There was no emperor in the west between 924 and 962.
Holy Roman Emperors
Ottonian (Saxon) dynasty
Salian (Frankish) dynasty
Supplinburg dynasty
Staufen (or Hohenstaufen) dynasty
Welf dynasty
Staufen (or Hohenstaufen) dynasty
House of Luxembourg
House of Wittelsbach
House of Luxembourg
House of Habsburg
House of Wittelsbach
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
References
Winston L. Shelton

Winston Laverne Shelton (May 3, 1922 - April 15, 2019) was an American inventor, engineer and businessman. He was awarded 76 patents in the United States by himself or as part of a team. He started working at General Electric in 1948. His patents have impacted modern washing machines and the fast food industry. He worked on creating more upgraded food service machines for Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC). His washing machine patent for General Electric, (US 3257830 A), was referenced in over 40 patents afterwards. He founded Winston Industries, which was in use in more than 120 countries at the time of Shelton's death in 2019.
Shelton was born in Lockwood, West Virginia. His first wife died and he later remarried. He had three children. He died on April 15, 2019, at the age of 96.
References
1922 births
2019 deaths
American electrical engineers
American inventors
Businesspeople from West Virginia
Atlantic sturgeon

The Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) is a species of fish. It is a member of the Acipenseridae family. It is one of the oldest fish species in the world. It can be found from New Brunswick, Canada to the eastern coast of Florida. The numbers of Atlantic sturgeon have fallen because of overfishing and water pollution. It is considered threatened, endangered and even extinct in much of its original habitats. The fish live to 60 years of age, 15 feet in length and over 800 pounds in weight.
References
Ray-finned fish
Edible fish
Anatoly Glushenkov

Anatoly Glushenkov (November 20, 1942 - January 16, 2018) was a Russian politician. He served as the Governor of Smolensk Oblast from 1993 to 1998. He was the first popularly elected Governor of Smolensk Oblast. He was born in the Smolensk Oblast.
Glushenkov died on January 16, 2018 in Smolensk, Russia at the age of 75.
References
1942 births
2018 deaths
Russian politicians
Ostracod

Ostracods are a class of the Crustacea. They are often called seed shrimps because of their appearance.
Some 65,000 species (13,000 of which are living) have been identified.
Ostracods are small crustaceans, typically around in size, but varying from to in the case of Gigantocypris.
Their bodies are flattened from side to side and protected by a bivalve-like, chitinous or calcareous valve or "shell". The hinge of the two valves is in the upper (dorsal) region of the body.
Marine ostracods live in the zooplankton. Others live in the benthos, on or in the upper layer of the sea floor.
Many ostracods are also found in fresh water. Terrestrial species of Mesocypris are known from humid forest soils of South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Tasmania. They have a wide range of diets, and the group includes carnivores, herbivores, scavengers, and filter feeders.
Copepods may not be monophyletic. Ostracod taxa are grouped into a Class based on gross morphology (what they look like). Their DNA sequence analysis in their mitochondria has been examined. The results are not clear.
References
Crustaceans
Saint-Ouen-de-Mimbré

Saint-Ouen-de-Mimbre is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Districts of Austria

In Austria, a district is a second-level division of the country's government. The first-level division are States of Austria.
District offices are the main point of contact for things like: marriage licenses, driver licenses, passports, assembly permits, hunting permits, or dealings with public health officers.
As of 2017, there are 94 districts. Of these 79 are districts headed by district commissions and 15 are statutory cities. Statutory cities are not usually referred to as "districts" outside government publications and the legal literature. A district headed by a district commission typically covers somewhere between ten and thirty municipalities.
List of current districts
statutory cities coded with an asterix (*)
Lawrence County, Illinois

Lawrence County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. In the 2020 census, 15,280 people lived there. The county seat is Lawrenceville. It was founded in 1821 and named for James Lawrence.
References
1821 establishments in Illinois
Illinois counties
Plug and play

Plug and play is the name for a number of technologies used in computing. Technologies that support plug and play allow to connect new devices to a computer. After a short while, these devices can simply be used. When they are no longer needed, they can be disconnected again. Plug and play does not require the user to load a specific device driver to access the device.
Plug and play is used to refer to both the configuration of devices at boot time, as well as to system that support adding a device later on. Examples for systems that support plug and play are USB and Firewire.
References
Computer hardware
Long-beaked echidna

The long-beaked echidnas make up one of the two genera (Genus Zaglossus) of echidna. Echidna is a spiny monotreme that lives in New Guinea. There are three living species, and two extinct ones.
Echidnas are one of the two types of mammals that lay eggs.
Species
Zaglossus attenboroughi
Habitat: regions of New Guinea at higher elevation than highland forests
Era: the present
Status: Endangered
Remarks: Species described from one sample only. May be endangered, or locally extinct. See Sir David's Long-beaked Echidna
Zaglossus bartoni
Habitat:on the central cordillera between the Paniai Lakes and the Nanneau Range, as well as the Huon Peninsula
Era: the present
Status: Endangered
Remarks: see Eastern Long-beaked Echidna
Zaglossus bruijni
Habitat: highland forests of New Guinea
Era: the present
Status: Endangered
Remarks: see Western Long-beaked Echidna
Zaglossus hacketti
Habitat: Western Australia
Era: Upper Pleistocene
Remarks: This species is known only from a few bones. At a metre long, it was huge for an echidna and for monotremes in general.
Zaglossus robustus
Habitat: Tasmania
Era: Pleistocene
Remarks: This species is known from a fossil skull about 65 cm long.
References
Flannery, T.F. and Groves, C.P. 1998 A revision of the genus Zaglossus (Monotremata, Tachyglossidae), with description of new species and subspecies. Mammalia, 62(3): 367-396
Other websites
EDGE of Existence (Zaglossus spp.) - Saving the World's most Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) species
A pretty good summary, including references on animalinfo.org
Monotremes
Mammals of Oceania
Teretriphora

Teretriphora is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. They are in a family called Triphoridae.
Species
Species within the genus Teretriphora include:
Teretriphora distorta (Laseron, 1958)
Teretriphora gemmegens (Verco, 1909)
Teretriphora huttoni Suter, 1908
Teretriphora novapostrema (Verco, 1910)
Teretriphora ponderorum Marshall, 1983
Teretriphora spica (Verco, J.C., 1909)
Teretriphora kesteveni (Hedley, 1902): synonym of Latitriphora kesteveni (Hedley, 1903)
References
Obis
Gastropods
Cindy Williams

Cynthia Jane "Cindy" Williams (August 22, 1947 - January 25, 2023) was an American movie and television actress. She starred in many television series and movies. She is best known for starring in the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976 to 1982) and playing Laurie in the 1973 movie American Graffiti.
After a brief illness, Williams died in Los Angeles on January 25, 2023, at the age of 75.
Filmography
Gas-s-s-s (1971)
Drive, He Said (1971)
Beware! The Blob (1972)
Travels with My Aunt (1972)
The Killing Kind (1973)
American Graffiti (1973)
The Conversation (1974)
Mr. Ricco (1975)
The First Nudie Musical (1976)
More American Graffiti (1979)
Sois belle et tais-toi (1981) (documentary)
The Creature Wasn't Nice (1983)
UFOria (1985)
Big Man on Campus (1989)
Rude Awakening (1989)
Bingo (1991)
Meet Wally Sparks (1997)
The Biggest Fan (2002)
The Legend of William Tell (2006)
The Last Guy on Earth (2007)
Television work
The Funny Side (1971) (cancelled after 3 months)
The Migrants (1974)
Hawaii Five-O January 1974, season 6, #18. Secret Witness.
Laverne & Shirley (cast member from 1976-1982)
Laverne & Shirley in the Army (1981-1982) (voice)
The Mork & Mindy/Laverne & Shirley/Fonz Hour (1982-1983) (voice)
When Dreams Come True (1985)
Help Wanted: Kids (1986)
The Leftovers (1986)
Save the Dog! (1988)
Tricks of the Trade (1988)
Just Like Family (1989) (cancelled after a few weeks)
Perry Mason: The Case of the Poisoned Pen (1990)
Normal Life (1990) (cancelled after 13 episodes)
Steel Magnolias (1990) (unsold pilot)
Menu for Murder (1990)
Earth Angel (1991)
Getting By (1993-1994)
Escape from Terror: The Teresa Stamper Story (1994)
The Stepford Husbands (1996)
Strip Mall (2000-2001)
Laverne & Shirley Together Again (2002)
Law and Order:Special Victim's Unit (2004) as Nora Hodges
Drive (2007)
References
1947 births
2023 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Elko County, Nevada

Elko County is a county in the state of Nevada in the United States. In 2020, 53,702 people lived there. The county seat is Elko.
References
Nevada counties
Berlin Observatory

The Berlin Observatory (Berliner Sternwarte in German) has its origins in 1700 when Gottfried Leibniz initiated the Societat der Wissenschaften (Brandenburgische Science Society) which would later (1744) become the Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Prussian Academy of Sciences). The Society had no observatory, but nevertheless had an astronomer, Gottfried Kirch, who observed from a private observatory in Berlin. A first small observatory was furnished in 1711, financing itself through calendrical computations.
Observatories
Cape Feare

"Cape Feare" is the second episode in the fifth season of The Simpsons. It was first shown on the Fox network on October 7, 1993. The episode has Kelsey Grammer do the voice of Sideshow Bob. In the epidsode, Bob wants to kill Bart Simpson because Bart put him in jail. The episode is a parody of the 1991 movie with a similar name, Cape Fear.
Other websites
1993 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 5) episodes
Andrew Mills

Andrew Mills (born 18 June 1981) is an Australian rules footballer who played for Richmond in the Australian Football League (AFL) in 2004 and 2005.
He was drafted from the Murray Bushrangers in the TAC Cup, with the 52nd selection in the 1999 AFL Draft. He played 14 games in four seasons at the Tigers before he was delisted at the end of the 2003 season.
References
1981 births
Living people
Galiciuica

Galiciuica is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania.
Communes in Dolj County
Annie Chapman

Annie Chapman (born Eliza Ann Smith; 25 September 1840 - 8 September 1888) was the second victim of the unidentified serial killer Jack the Ripper. Jack the Ripper is believed to have killed and mutilated at least five women in the Whitechapel and Spitalfields districts of London between late August and early November 1888.
There are previous murders, linked to a person called the Whitechapel murderer. Jack the Ripper likely did not commit them, though. Because of these murders, there had been considerable press and public attention. When Annie Chapman was killed, this generated a state of panic in the East End of London. Police were put under more and more pressure to find the murderer.
References
1840 births
1888 deaths
Victims of Jack the Ripper
Sonata form

Sonata form is a way of organizing a piece of music. It has been used in several pieces since the Classical period (from the middle of the 18th century onwards). Listening to pieces of music in sonata form will help to understand it fully and it is helpful to know something about the different keys.
Sonata form is not just used in sonatas. It can be the form for movements from symphonies, concertos, overtures etc.
In the Baroque period composers like Bach and Handel wrote pieces with dance movements such as minuets. These were in "binary form". This meant that there were two sections. The two sections were often the same length, and were separated by a double bar line which meant that each section was repeated. The music would not be in the same key all the time. The first section could modulate (change key) and then the second section would gradually modulate back again so that it sounded finished at the end.
Domenico Scarlatti wrote sonatas for harpsichord also in binary form, but long and with additional complexity. The first section would start with a theme in the main key, and then modulate to another key for contrast. The second section might be longer than the first second, starting off by modulating to remote keys before arriving back to repeat the main theme. This kind of piece is the beginning of sonata form.
Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven developed the idea of sonata form. A movement in sonata form has three sections called: "exposition", "development" and "recapitulation".
In the exposition we hear all the main material: the first tune- or group of tunes - in the main key, then a contrasting tune or tunes in a related key (normally the "dominant" i.e. the key on the 5th note of the scale of the main key, or the relative minor). Or in the case of a first section in a minor key, one might frequently hear the second subject or subjects in the relative major.
In the development section the music is developed, going into several different keys. The music here feels unstable. There is a feeling of tension. The listener wants to get back to the main key.
In the recapitulation the exposition is repeated, but it changes towards the end so that it finishes in the main key. It feels as if the tension has gone and the listener feels happy.
This way of building a piece of music was used by almost every composer from the mid 18th century onwards - well into the 20th century. It gives scope for a very dramatic piece. Of course, composers sometime use it differently. There is often a sense of development during the whole piece, not just during the so-called "development section". The first movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony spends all the time developing the famous idea heard at the beginning: the first four notes (short-short-short-long). Even the other three movements carry on developing this idea.
Musical forms
List of awards and nominations received by Up

Up is a movie produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. The movie premiered on May 29, 2009 in North America. It became the first animated 3D film to open the Cannes Film Festival. The movie received many awards and nominations. Most of them were for the "Best Animated Picture" category and for the soundtrack of the movie. Up was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 2010 Ceremony. It won two of these awards for Best Animated Feature and for Best Original Score. It was the second fully animated film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture after the 1991 movie Beauty and the Beast. Up became the third consecutive Pixar film to win the Academy Award for Animated Feature, after Ratatouille (2007) and WALL-E (2008). The film also won the Golden Globe for Best Original Score and the Best Animated Feature Film at the 67th Golden Globe Awards. It received the Golden Tomato, from the website Rotten Tomatoes, for highest rating feature in 2009, with an approval of 98 percent from film critics, based on 259 reviews.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Awards for Up at the Internet Movie Database
Up
Lothian

Lothian was a region on the east coast of Scotland that was used for local government until the new municipalities were created. Lothian has been divided into four new council areas: Edinburgh, Midlothian, East Lothian and West Lothian.
Local government in Scotland
Arlon

Arlon is a city and municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg. Arlon is the capital of that province.
In 2007, 26548 people lived there.
It is at .
References
Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Provincial capitals of Belgium
Inventory

Inventory refers to physical products or goods that are stored and managed. Inventory may include a wide range of products, from raw materials and components to finished goods and retail merchandise. Depending on the nature of the business or entity, the inventory may be stored in a variety of locations, such as warehouses, distribution centers, or fulfillment centers.
Management
Willy Borsus

Willy Borsus (born 4 April 1962 in Ciney) is a Belgian politician of the Mouvement reformateur. He is the current Minister-President of Wallonia.
Borsus was both a councillor and mayor of the Somme-Leuze municipality, a councillor of the Namur Province, a member of the Parliament of Wallonia and the Parliament of the French Community, and also a government minister in the Michel Government.
He has been Minister-President of the Walloon Government since July 28, 2017, succeeding Paul Magnette.
References
www.rtbf.be
Other websites
Homepage
1962 births
Living people
Belgian mayors
Government ministers of Belgium
Reformist Movement politicians
People from Namur (province)
Walloon politicians
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

The Fundamental Orders were passed by three towns in Connecticut in 1639. The orders were the first constitution in the American colonies.
References
17th century in the Thirteen Colonies
United States Constitution
1639
History of Connecticut
Carroll County, Virginia

Carroll County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 29,155 people lived there. Its county seat is Hillsville.
References
Virginia counties
Naoki Urata

Naoki Urata (born 27 June 1974) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="5"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="2"|Football League||4||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||2
|-
|1998||13||0||1||1||2||2||16||3
|-
|1999||J. League 2||28||6||2||2||1||0||31||8
|-
|2000||J. League 1||13||2||0||0||2||0||15||2
|-
|2001||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2002||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 2||10||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||1
68||11||3||3||6||2||77||16
68||11||3||3||6||2||77||16
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Market

A market is a place where people go to buy or sell things. When people have products to sell, they set up a market place. There may be a special building for the market place, or the market may be held in an open space where the sellers can put up a stall (like a kind of tent) and then take the stall down at the end of the day.
The word "market" can also have a more general meaning in the economy. It can mean the way things are bought or sold. "There is a big market for dishwashers" means that lots of people want to buy dishwashers. Therefore, a business that makes dishwashers is likely to be able to make a lot of money. When things are sold, people buy the product, and this "stimulates the economy" (helps people to spend and earn money). The market needs to balance supply and demand. There is no reason to make a supply of dishwashers if people do not want dishwashers. In the market, prices may change quickly if supply or demand changes.
Competition
If a seller of a good cannot supply what customers want or asks for a very high price, other sellers may try to supply that good. If other sellers enter the market for that good, in competition, that will tend to fulfill demands and lower prices. Sellers who do not like competition may try to kill their competition. When there is no competition, a monopoly is formed. Many countries have laws to protect the free market from monopolies.
Related pages
Market forms
Shop
Basic English 850 words
1521

Events
April 17 - Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings.
May 17 - Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
August 13 - The ruler of the Aztec Empire surrenders to Spanish conquistadors. This ends the Aztec Empire.
August 29 - The Ottoman Turks capture Nandorfehervar, now known as Belgrade
Births
July - Juan Ponce Enrile (b. 1460)
August 4 - Pope Urban VII (d. 1590)
Deaths
April 21 - Ferdinand Magellan (b. 1480)
References
Imam Samudra

Abdul Aziz aka Imam Samudra aka Qudama (January 14, 1970, Serang, Banten - November 9, 2008, Bali, Indonesia) was an Indonesian criminal. He was sentenced to execution for his part in the 2002 Bali bombings. The execution was expected to be made during early November 2008. It was done on November 9. Samudra is one of three in a network of the Bali bombers who were sentenced to death.
1970 births
Terrorists
Indonesian criminals
Function (biology)

Function in biology is what a part of the body or cell does in relation to the whole. It is the reason some part or process occurred in a system which evolved by natural selection.
A similar definition is "the function of a component in an organism is the contribution it makes to that organism's fitness".
The term is used especially in physiology, in phrases like "the function of the kidneys is to excrete urea from the body" or "the function of the heart is to push blood around the body". It is incorrect to use the word 'purpose' instead of 'function', because the word 'purpose' implies forethought.
References
Biology
Physiology
Edson Rodrigues

Edson Rodrigues (born March 13, 1967) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||9||0||9||0
|-
|1993||29||3||3||0||4||0||36||3
|-
|1994||23||1||2||0||0||0||25||1
52||4||5||0||13||0||70||0
52||4||5||0||13||0||70||0
|}
1967 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Fareham

Fareham is a town in the county of Hampshire, UK.
Fareham has a selection of brilliant schools like Harrison Primary school, Wicor and Orchad lea.
Towns in Hampshire