pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dongducheon

Dongducheon () is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.
The city is to the north of Seoul. It is important for the defense of the Korean capital. The United States Second Infantry Division ia in the city. Its division command is at Uijeongbu.
History
Under Goguryeo, the dynasty's territory grew southward into the Korean peninsula. Dongducheon became part of the kingdom in the form of naeulmae hyun (a form of village land holding). Later, Dongducheon became Sacheon village of Unified Silla in the North-South States Period. It was part of the district of Yangju in Goryeo.
Reference
Cities in South Korea
Ermont

Ermont is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France. About 28,000 people lived in this commune.
The commune is in the northern suburbs of Paris, from the center.
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Leavenheath

Leavenheath is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1373 people living in Leavenheath.
References
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Jere Beasley

Jere Locke Beasley (born December 12, 1935) is an American trial attorney and politician. He served as acting governor of the US state of Alabama from June 5 to July 7, 1972. His law firm has been noted nationally for winning major awards for its clients; among them was an $11.8 billion punitive damage award against Exxon Mobil Corporation in 2003.
Beasley was born in 1935 in Tyler, Texas, the son of Browder Locke and Florence (nee Camp) Beasley. He was raised in Clayton, Alabama, where his father ran a small grocery store.
References
1935 births
Living people
Lawyers from Alabama
American Methodists
Governors of Alabama
Politicians from Texas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Alabama
Lawyers from Texas
Joey DeFrancesco

Joey DeFrancesco (April 10, 1971August 25, 2022) was an American jazz organist, trumpeter, saxophonist, and singer. He released more than 30 albums under.
DeFrancesco died at his home in Phoenix, Arizona on August 25, 2022, at the age of 51.
References
1971 births
2022 deaths
American jazz pianists
American saxophonists
American keyboardists
American trumpeters
Musicians from Pennsylvania
Laubach, Bas-Rhin

Laubach is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Doug Jones (actor)

Doug Jones (born May 24, 1960) is an American actor, contortionist, and mime artist. He is best known for playing non-human creatures. He is known for his roles in Guillermo del Toro movies such as Mimic (1997), Hellboy (2004), Pan's Labyrinth (2006), Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008), Crimson Peak (2015), and The Shape of Water (2017).
References
1960 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Mimes
American artists
Actors from Indianapolis
Jordan Staal

Jordan Staal (born September 10, 1988) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is regarded as one of the NHL's premier penalty-killers, both for his strong defensive skills, along with his scoring touch that makes him a threat for shorthanded goals. He has also played for the Pittsburgh Penguins for 6 seasons before he was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes during the 2012 NHL Entry Draft on June 22, 2012.
Awards
OHL All-Star - 2006
Played in CHL Top Prospects Game - 2006
Shared Pittsburgh Penguins Michel Briere Rookie of the Year Award with Evgeni Malkin - 2007
Calder Memorial Trophy nomination - 2007
NHL All-Rookie Team - 2007
Stanley Cup - 2009 (Pittsburgh Penguins)
Frank J. Selke Trophy nomination - 2010
Records
NHL record; youngest player to score two shorthanded goals in one game - October 21, 2006 against the Columbus Blue Jackets (; surpassed Radek Dvorak of the Florida Panthers; 20 years, 278 days on December 12, 1997)
NHL record; youngest player to score on a penalty shot - (; surpassed Nathan Horton of the Florida Panthers; 18 years, 224 days on January 8, 2004)
NHL record; youngest player to score a hat trick - February 10, 2007 against the Toronto Maple Leafs (; surpassed Jack Hamilton of the Toronto Maple Leafs; 18 years, 185 days old on December 4, 1943)
NHL record; most short-handed goals by a rookie, in 2006-07 (7 shorthanded goals; surpassed Gerry Minor of the Vancouver Canucks in 1980-81 and John Madden in 1999-00; 6 shorthanded goals)
Career statistics
International
References
Other websites
1988 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Carolina Hurricanes players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Stanley Cup champions
Ontario Hockey League players
Evariste Ndayishimiye

General Evariste Ndayishimiye (born 1968) is a Burundi politician. He is the President of Burundi since 2020. He became president after the death of President Pierre Nkurunziza. He is also the Secretary General of the CNDD-FDD since 2016.
He was the Minister of the Interior and Public Security from 2006 to 2007.
References
1968 births
Living people
Presidents of Burundi
Current national leaders
Ramus Pomifer

Ramus Pomifer (Latin for apple branch) was a constellation found between Hercules and Lyra. It represented a branch held in Hercules' left hand. It later formed a new constellation: Cerberus et Ramus (along with Cerberus, that shared many of the same stars).
References
Former constellations
Lhotse

Lhotse is the fourth tallest mountain of the world. It's height is above sea level. The summit of this mountain is in the border of Tibet and Nepal.
References
Mountains of Nepal
Mountains of Tibet
Himalayas
Orlando Magic

The Orlando Magic are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Orlando, Florida. They began playing in 1989. They play their home games at the Amway Center. They are the only team in the "big four" sports leagues to be based in Orlando. Steve Clifford is the current owner of the team.
References
Other websites
National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Orlando, Florida
Richard DeVos
1989 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Florida
Sports organizations based in Florida
Filain, Aisne

Filain, Aisne is a commune. It is in Picardie in the Aisne department in north France.
Communes in Aisne
Tresana

Tresana is a comune in the Province of Massa-Carrara in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Settlements in Tuscany
Ken Langone

Kenneth Gerard Langone Sr., KSG (Knight of the Pontifical Order of St. Gregory the Great) (born September 16, 1935) is an American billionaire businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He is best known being co-founder of The Home Depot. He has a net worth of $4.4 billion as of June 2020 according to Forbes.
Philantrophy
Langone has donated $100 million to towards the tuition of all the medical students of New York University.
References
Related pages
Duke Buchan
John C. Bogle
Myer S. Kripke
1935 births
Living people
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Stallwang

Stallwang is a municipality in Straubing-Bogen in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Straubing-Bogen
Ezra Vogel

Ezra Feivel Vogel (; July 11, 1930 - December 20, 2020) was an American scholar and japanologist. He was the Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard University. He wrote about modern Japan, China, Korea, and Asia. He was known for his 1978 volume Japan as Number One: Lessons for America. In 2011, he won the Lionel Gelber Prize.
Vogel died at a hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts from surgery-related problems on December 20, 2020 at the age of 90.
References
1930 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Educators from Ohio
American historians
Writers from Ohio
Arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni

The arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni is an arrondissement of France, in the French Guiana department. Its capital, and subprefecture of the department, is the city of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni.
History
The arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni was created in 1969.
Geography
The arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni is in the western half of the department. It has the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the Cayenne arrondissement to the east, Brazil to the south, and Surinam to the west.
The arrondissement of Cayenne has an area of and a population of 87,849 inhabitants.
Composition
The arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni has 8 communes; they are:
Related pages
Arrondissements of the French Guiana department
List of arrondissements of France
References
Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Functionalism in the philosophy of mind is the doctrine that what makes something a mental state of a particular type does not depend on its internal constitution. But rather on the way it functions, or the role it plays, in the system of which it is a part.
History
This doctrine is rooted in Aristotle's conception of the soul, and has antecedents in Hobbes's conception of the mind as a "calculating machine. But it has become fully articulated (and popularly endorsed) only in the last third of the 20th century. Though the term 'functionalism' is used to designate a variety of positions in a variety of other disciplines, including psychology, sociology, economics, and architecture, this entry focuses exclusively on functionalism as a philosophical thesis about the nature of mental states.
References
Philosophy
Tsada

Tsada is a Village in Cyprus in the Paphos District. Paphos is 8 kilometres south of Tsada.
Climate
The Climate in Tsada is classified as Csa "Meditteranean" and has an average annual temperature of 16.7deg C .
Topography
Tsada is 8 kilometres north of Paphos and lies at an altitude of 600 metres above sea level.
Nearby villages
Tsada is connected on the northeast by the villages Kallepia, (3.5 km) Letimbou, (6 km) and Polemi (8 km). In the south it is connected with the village of Armou (6 km). In the southwest it is connected with Tala and the monastery of Agios Neophytos.
References
Settlements in Cyprus
1091

1091 (MXCI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area
Europe
King William II of England invades Normandy.
Ladislaus I of Hungary occupies Slavonia.
King Stjepan II of Croatia, the last member of the Trpimirovic dynasty, died without leaving anyone to inherit his thrown and title.
British Isles
October 17 - London Tornado of 1091: A T8/F4 tornado is recorded in St Mary-le-Bow of London, England; the storm destroys London Bridge.
Henry, the third son of William the Conqueror, is forced to give up his property of Cotentin in Normandy after his two older brothers, William Rufus and Robert Curthose, make a peace agreement.
King Malcolm III of Scotland makes an unsuccessful attempt to invade English territory, but is finally forced to give a public statement of allegiance to King William II of England.
Cardiff Castle is built.
Mediterranean
April 29 - Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs surround and attack Constantinople, but are defeated so completely by Emperor Alexius I that they are completely eliminated.
February; With the taking of Noto, the Normans complete the 30 year long takeover of Sicily from the Islamic rulers.
The Islamic Abbadid dynasty ruling in Spain falls when the Almoravids storm Seville. Faced with this new threat, the king of Badajoz, al-Mutawakkil ibn al-Aftas, got the support of Castile in exchange for the Muslim positions on the Tagus river -- Sintra, Santarem and Lisbon.
Roger Guiscard takes Malta.
By topic
Religion
Athanasius VI bar Khamoro becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.
Deaths
June 17 - Dirk V, Count of Holland
July 5 - Abbot William of Hirsau
August 25 - Sisnando Davides, military leader
December 19 - Adelaide of Susa, margravine of Turin
date unknown -
Robert D'Oyly, first Lord of Oxford Castle
References
Itanagar

Itanagar is the capital of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Ita Fort is one of the most important historical sites in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Capital cities in India
Arunachal Pradesh
Waldir Pires

Francisco Waldir Pires de Souza (21 October 1926 - 22 June 2018) was a Brazilian politician. He served as Minister of Defence under President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, before being fired in 2007. From 1987 to 1989, he served as Governor of Bahia. He was born in Acajutiba, Brazil.
Pires died on 22 June 2018 in Rio de Janeiro of multiple organ failure at the age of 91.
References
1926 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Brazilian politicians
Middlesborough, Kentucky

Middlesborough is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Heat equation

The heat equation is a type of equation used in mathematics and physics to describe how heat spreads out in a particular area. The equation was first created by Joseph Fourier in 1822. People use the heat equation to model how heat spreads through different materials.
The heat equation is very important in the field of mathematics, and it is studied a lot. This equation is used in many areas of science and applied mathematics, such as probability theory and image analysis. Some solutions to the heat equation are called heat kernels, and they can provide important information about the area where the heat is spreading.
Scientists have found many different ways to use the heat equation. For example, it can be used to study random walks and Brownian motion in probability theory, and it can help to resolve pixelation in image analysis. In addition, variants of the heat equation are used in financial mathematics and quantum mechanics. Scientists have also found that solutions of the heat equation are helpful in understanding hydrodynamical shocks. People have been studying the heat equation for a long time, and it is a very important topic in mathematics and physics.
Heat
Brenden Aaronson

Brenden Russell Aaronson (born October 22, 2000) is an American professional soccer player . He plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Leeds United F. C. and the United States national team.
Career
After playing for different college teams he was selected to the Philadelphia Union's YSC Academy. He played in the team and completed his high school education. 2017-18 he played for Bethlehem Steel, the feeder team of Philadelphia Union. Then he went on to Philadelphia Union. On October 16, 2020, it was announced that Aaronson would join Red Bull Salzburg in January 2021 after the MLS season ended. He made his debut for Salzburg on January 25 and his first goal on February 10, 2021. After two seasons in Austria he went to Leeds United in the Premier League.
International carreer
He played in the US U15 and U23 team. His first match for the US national team was in a 1-0 win over Costa Rica. During his first call for the national team he did not play.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
MLS
MLS Supporters' Shield:2020
Red Bull Salzburg
Austrian Bundesliga: 2021, 2022
Austrian Cup: 2021,2022
United States
CONCACAF Nations League: 2020
Individual
MLS is Back Tournament: Best XI
MLS Best XI:2020
References
2000 births
Living people
Association football midfielders
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
American soccer players
Leeds United F.C. players
Sportspeople from New Jersey
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Peter Madsen

Peter Langkjaer Madsen (; born 12 January 1971) is a Danish former entrepreneur and self-taught engineer. He co-founded the non-profit organization Copenhagen Suborbitals and was the founder and CEO of RML Spacelab ApS.
In April 2018, Madsen was convicted of the 2017 murder of Swedish journalist Kim Wall on board his submarine UC3 Nautilus and sentenced to life imprisonment.
References
Living people
1971 births
Danish scientists
People convicted of manslaughter
People convicted of assault
Aerospace engineers
Danish businesspeople
People from Copenhagen
Picard language

Picard is a Romance language spoken in the north of France and in the south of Belgium. It is one of the langues d'oil. The language is often called ch'ti or ch'timi in most of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Rouchi near Valenciennes, Roubaignot near Roubaix and patois in Picardy, as well as Picard everywhere.
In 1998, there were around 700,000 people who spoke Picard as a first language.
References
Languages of Belgium
Romance languages
Hauts-de-France
Hainaut (province)
Languages of France
Anthony Banzi

Anthony Mathias Banzi (28 October 1946 - 20 December 2020) was a Tanzanian Roman Catholic bishop. Banzi was born in Tawa, Tanzania. He became a priest in 1973. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanga from 1994 until his death in 2020.
Banzi died in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on 20 December 2020, aged 74.
References
1946 births
2020 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops
Tanzanian people
Laurent Vimont

Jean-Charles Laurent Vimont (7 February 1961 - 11 March 2022) was a French businessman. He was president of the French subsidiary of Century 21 Real Estate, a branch of Realogy.
Vimont died of a heart attack on 11 March 2022 in France at the age of 61.
References
1961 births
2022 deaths
French businesspeople
Deaths from myocardial infarction
1998 Stanley Cup Finals

The 1998 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1997-98 season, and the culmination of the 1998 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested by the Western Conference champion and defending Stanley Cup champion Detroit Red Wings and the Eastern Conference champion Washington Capitals. The winner was the Detroit Red Wings.
Stanley Cup Finals
1998 in ice hockey
A. James Gregor

Anthony James Gregor (April 2, 1929 - August 30, 2019) was an American educator, historian and political scientist. He was the Professor of Political Science Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley who was well known for his research on fascism, Marxism, and national security. Gregor was born in New York City.
Gregor died on August 30, 2019 at the age of 90.
References
Other websites
Annotated bibliography - 1954 through 1998
ResearchGate profile - With bibliography from 1961 through 2018
1929 births
2019 deaths
American historians
American political scientists
Educators from New York City
American political writers
Writers from New York City
Upset

An upset happens in a competition, mainly in electoral politics or sports, when the party popularly expected to win (the favorite), either loses to or draws/ties a game with an underdog whom the majority expects to lose. It is often used in reference to beating the betting odds in sports, or beating the opinion polls in electoral politics.
Examples include: Donald Trump beating Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election or Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez beating Representative Joe Crowley in the 2018 midterms.
References
Politics
Tom Horn

Thomas Horn, Jr. (November 21, 1860 - November 20, 1903) was an American Old West scout, who carried out various lines of work, including hired gunman, detective, cowboy, and soldier. He is believed to have committed 17 killings throughout the West as a hired gunman. In 1902 Horn was convicted of the murder of 14-year-old Willie Nickell near Iron Mountain, Wyoming, for which crime he was hanged.
References
1860 births
1903 deaths
American folklore
People from Cheyenne, Wyoming
Laura Sadler

Laura Ruth Sadler (25 December 1980 - 19 June 2003) was an English actress best known for her role as nurse Sandy Harper in the BBC One hospital drama series Holby City.
TV career
Sadler was born in Ascot, Berkshire, and took up television acting as a young girl. She was spotted as a future talent at the age of 6 by Dustin Hoffman, who had seen her in a play. After the play had finished Hoffman asked to meet the young actress. Before joining the cast of Holby City, her best-known role had been as the character Judi Jeffreys in the children's television series Grange Hill from 1997 to 1999. In a tragic coincidence, her Grange Hill character was killed after slipping and falling out of a burning building, paralleling her real life death 4 years later. Laura also then played the part of Skirty Marm in a new BBC1 children's comedy, Belfry Witches. Skirty Marm and her friend Old Noshie (Lucy Davis) were teenage witches banished to earth from Witch Island; settling in a sleepy village where they caused mischief.
In 1996 she starred in the feature movie Intimate Relations alongside Julie Walters, where she played a Lolita-like girl with a crush on her mother's adulterous lover. She joined the cast of Holby City, a spin-off series from the long-running BBC medical drama series Casualty, in the show's third series.
Death
In the early hours of 15 June 2003, she fell 40 feet (12 metres) from the balcony of the Holland Park flat of her boyfriend and Holby City co-star George Calil after having taken alcohol and cocaine. She suffered severe head injuries, and never regained consciousness. Her family decided to remove her from life support on 18 June 2003 and she died at Charing Cross Hospital a day later.
Her boyfriend, Calil, then aged 30, who played her character's drug-dealing boyfriend Sean Hunt in Holby City, was arrested for questioning before being released on bail. On 26 June police announced that the death was being treated as accidental and no further action would be taken.
Laura continued to feature in pre-recorded episodes of Holby City after her death. Laura's mother took part in writing her daughter's character Sandy out of Holby City; in the episode, which was broadcast in September 2003, her character won the lottery and subsequently emigrated to Australia.
Notes
Other websites
BBC News - Holby actor speaks of shock
BBC News - Actress Laura Sadler dies
1980 births
2003 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Accidental deaths in the United Kingdom
Actors from Berkshire
British child actors
English movie actors
English television actors
Senegal

The Republic of Senegal (French Republique da Senegal) is a country in West Africa. The capital is Dakar.
Senegal covers a land area of almost 197,000 square kilometres. It has population of about 13 million. The climate is tropical with two seasons: the dry season and the rainy cold season. Senegal was given independence by France in 1960.
Major industries are fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials, ship construction and repair. Peanuts, sugarcane, cotton, green beans, industrial tomato, cherry tomato, melon, and mango are important cash crops.
French is the official language. Since April 2012, Senegal's president has been Macky Sall.
History
In the 15th century, Portuguese people came to Goree Island off the coast of Dakar. In the 17th century, French people and Dutch people came there, too. These European countries used the island as a trading post in slaves from the mainland, and was controlled by the Muslim Wolof Empires. Slavery was later made illegal by France, but soon after, around 1850, the French started to conquer the Wolof. By 1902 Senegal was a part of the French colony French West Africa.
In January 1959, Senegal and the French Sudan became one to form the Mali Federation, which became fully independent on June 20, 1960, as a result of the independence and transfer of power agreement signed with France on April 4, 1960. This did not last long and Senegal and Mali broke apart into separate nations. Between 1982 and 1989, Senegal and The Gambia joined together to make Senegambia.
Geography
In the north of Senegal is the Senegal River. To the north of the river is Mauritania. The nation borders Mali in the east, Guinea-Bissau in the south, and Guinea in the south-east. The Gambia is another country inside of Senegal, along the Gambia River. It is about 300 km long.
The north of Senegal is part of the Sahel. The highest mountain is 581 m high. The rainy season is between June and October. The average temperature on the coast is about 24deg C, and inland about 27deg C.
Regions
Dakar
Diourbel
Fatick
Kaffrine
Kaolack
Kedougou
Kolda
Louga
Matam
Saint-Louis
Sedhiou
Tambacounda
Thies
Ziguinchor
References
French-speaking countries
Least developed countries
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Leonard Rosenman

Leonard Rosenman (September 7, 1924 - March 4, 2008) is an American composer.
Life and career
Rosenman was born in Brooklyn, New York. His parents Julius Rosenman and Rose Kantor were Jewish immigrants from Poland.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2008 deaths
American movie score composers
Jewish American musicians
Musicians from Brooklyn
Vercingetorix

Vercingetorix ( in Gaulish) born c.82 BC, died 46 BC. was a chieftain of the Gallic tribe of the Arverni.
He led the Gauls in 52 BC against the Roman army in Gaul led by Julius Caesar. Vercingetorix's name in Gaulish means "over-king of the marching men"; the "marching men" would now be called "infantry".
Vercingetorix was probably one of the first to unite some tribes of Gaul against a common enemy. This was the last major uprising of the peoples of Gaul against the Roman invaders.
After the celebration of Caesar's triumph was over, Vercingetorix was executed.
72 BC births
46 BC deaths
History of Europe
Celtic peoples
Roman Republic
Eysines

Eysines is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Boves, Somme

Boves is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Joseph Campanella

Joseph Anthony Campanella (November 21, 1924 - May 16, 2018) was an American character actor. He appeared in more than two hundred television and movie roles from 1955 to 2009. He was known for his role as John Turino in The Guiding Light. He also starred as Harper Deveraux on the soap opera Days of Our Lives from 1987 to 1988.
Campanella voiced the character of Dr. Curt Connors/The Lizard on Spider-Man: The Animated Series (1994-97). He narrated the Discover science series on the Disney Channel from 1992-94.
Campanella died at the age of 93 on May 16, 2018 at his home in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California of complications from Parkinson's disease.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip is a self-governing stretch of land along the Mediterranean. The main city in the Gaza Strip is called Gaza. The strip is currently governed by Hamas, a group declared as terrorists by many western nations for its launching of rockets into Israel.
The territory is 41 kilometers (25 mi) long, and from 6 to 12 kilometers (3.7 to 7.5 mi) wide, with a total area of 365 square kilometers (141 sq mi). About 1.8 million Palestinians live on a surface of roughly 360 km2, making Gaza the 3rd most densely populated area on Earth.
History
Gaza was formed in 1967 when Israel moved Jewish communities and troops into Gaza. Israel controlled the Strip's borders, coastline and airspace until 2005, when it withdrew. An election was held in January 2006, which Hamas won. Since then, Israel has conducted several wars with Hamas due to alleged terrorist acts, causing much of the infrastructure of Gaza to be non functional. It has been placed under an Israeli and U.S.-led international economic and political boycott since 2006.
References
Mustard gas

Mustard gas or sulfur mustard is a chemical compound which has been used as a chemical weapon. It was used in World War I by the German Army against British and Canadian soldiers near Ypres, Belgium, in 1917. Later it was also used against the French Second Army.
Most sulfur mustards are squishy liquids with no color and no smell when they are at room temperature. When used in warfare, they have a color yellowish to brown. Some of them smell like culinary mustard (the type used for food), horseradish or garlic. They got their name from the smell, but are completely unrelated to culinary mustard.
Sulfur mustard (in its form mustard gas) was synthesized by Frederick Guthrie in 1860. It may have been discovered as early as the 1820s, by M.Depretz.
Its use during warfare was prohibited by the Geneva Protocol of 1925. This protocol outlawed the use of poison gas (which was widely used in the First World War). An additional agreement, the Chemical Weapons Convention, was ratified in 1993. It also outlaws the production and stockpiling of such agents. Despite these prohibitions it has been used in several wars.
Sulfur mustard is the organic compound with formula (ClCH2CH2)2S.
It is a viscous liquid at normal temperatures. The pure compound has a melting point of 14 degC (57 degF) and decomposes before boiling at 218 degC (424 degF).
Chemical warfare
Organosulfur compounds
Matilda

Matilda (or Mathilda) is a female name. It may refer to:
Matilda a novel by Roald Dahl.
Matilda (1996 movie), based on the novel
Empress Matilda
Pyrgos

Pyrgos is a city in Greece. It is the capital of the Ilia prefecture on the Peloponnese peninsula. Pyrgos is in the west of Peloponnese peninsula. It is in the south of Patras and in the north of Kalamata. It has 24,765 people. Near Pyrgos is the ancient town of Olympia.
Cities in Greece
Impact! (TV series)

Impact! Wrestling (styzeled as IMPACT!) or IMPACT! on AXS TV previously known as TNA Impact! is an American professional wrestling television program produced by the American promotional Impact Wrestling, that debuted on June 4, 2004.
Other websites
Official website
2004 American television series debuts
Hazelwood North, Victoria

Hazelwood North is a town in Victoria, Australia. Most of people who live there live on farms, about 5 acres big.
Towns in Victoria (Australia)
Canaan Banana

Canaan Sodindo Banana (5 March 193610 November 2003) was a Zimbabwean Methodist minister, theologian, and politician. He was the first President of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987.
On 10 November 2003, Banana died of cancer, in London at the age of 67.
References
1936 births
2003 deaths
Cancer deaths in London
Christian theologians
Presidents of Zimbabwe
María Cristina Sangri Aguilar

Maria Cristina Sangri Aguilar (1 January 1941 - 15 January 2022) was a Mexican politician. She was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. She was on the Chamber of Deputies from 1985 to 1991. She was born in Chetumal, Mexico.
Sangri Aguilar died in Chetumal on 15 January 2022, at the age of 81.
References
1941 births
2022 deaths
Mexican politicians
Dietrich von Choltitz

Dietrich Hugo Hermann von Choltitz (9 November 1894 - 5 November 1966) was an officer of the German Army in World War II. Choltitz was born in Graflich Wiese (now Laka Prudnicka) next to Neustadt (now Prudnik).
He participated in occupation of Sudetenland in 1938 and in the invasion of Poland in 1939.
On 7 August 1944 he became the military governor of Paris. On 25 August he surrendered Paris to the Allies.
He has been called the "Saviour of Paris" because he prevented its destruction. Choltitz said he defied Hitler's direct order for its destruction because it was militarily useless. Other reasons were his affection for Parisian history and culture, and his belief that Hitler had become insane.
Choltitz died on 5 November 1966 in Baden-Baden.
References
1894 births
1966 deaths
German generals of World War II
German military personnel of World War I
Angelique Kerber

Angelique Kerber (born 18 January 1988 in Bremen, Germany) is a professional tennis player from Germany. She is three time Grand Slam champion, having won Australian Open and U S Open in 2016 and Wimbledon in 2018. In September, 2016, Kerber became the oldest female player to hold world no. 1 ranking for the first time. She also won silver medal at 2016 Summer Olympics while representing Germany.
Career statistics
Singles Grand Slam performance timeline
Grand Slam tournament finals
Singles: 4 (3 titles, 1 runner-up)
WTA Championships finals
Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)
Olympic finals
Singles: 1 (1 silver medal)
References
1988 births
Living people
German tennis players
Chernihiv Oblast

Chernihiv Oblast () is an oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. The administrative centre is Chernihiv. The population of Chernihiv Oblast was 1,061,000 in 2014.
References
Peshkopi

Peshkopi is a city in Diber District, Diber County, northeastern Albania. It is the capital of both.
It is away from Tirana, the capital of Albania, and from North Macedonia. About 14,100 people live here.
Peshkopi is east of the Black Drin river.
There is a branch of Aleksander Moisiu University.
Cities in Albania
Jasseron

Jasseron is a commune. It is in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region in the Ain department in east France.
Communes in Ain
Trading Places

Trading Places is a 1983 American comedy movie. It is a satire directed by John Landis. It is set in Philadelphia and New York City. It stars Dan Aykroyd, Eddie Murphy, Ralph Bellamy, Don Ameche, Denholm Elliott and Jamie Lee Curtis.
Other websites
1983 comedy movies
American comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in Philadelphia
Trading movies
Movies directed by John Landis
Paramount Pictures movies
ESupport

eSupport is a Ukrainian state program. It supports vaccination against the COVID-19 pandemic. It also helps the sectors of the economy most affected by the pandemic by providing any vaccinated Ukrainian with a one-time payout of 1000 UAH (near US$40).
References
Ukraine
Western Water Polo Association

This is a list of colleges and universities who play water polo in the Western Water Polo Association:
Chaminade University
Chapman University
Claremont McKenna College
Colorado State University
California State University, Bakersfield
California State University, East Bay
California State University, Monterey Bay
California State University, San Bernardino
Loyola Marymount University
Occidental College
Pomona College
Santa Clara University
Sonoma State
University of La Verne
University of Redlands
University of California, Davis
University of California, San Diego
University of California, Santa Cruz
United States Air Force Academy
Whittier College
References
Water polo
Wrought iron

Wrought iron is a type of iron. It has very little carbon in it. Most steels have much more carbon. It also has some slag in it. This gives it a fibrous look similar to how wood looks. It is tough, malleable, ductile, and can be welded easily. It was most common in the old days when cast iron was the only other type of iron. Now mild steel is used instead. If it contains too much sulfur, it becomes very brittle when heated. Wrought iron has a rough surface that can hold paint and zinc for galvanization much more easily.
Wrought iron was one of the most common types of iron in the medieval times. Its popularity has declined. It is needed to make historical items look historical.
Related pages
Mild steel
Iron
Interstellar medium

In astronomy, the interstellar medium (sometimes called the ISM) is the tenuous gas and dust that fills the void between stellar systems in galaxies, that consisting mainly of huge clouds of ionized, neutral, or molecular hydrogen. This gas and dust not distributed uniformly in interstellar space, but displays significant variations in density, temperature, and ionisation state.
Various gases exist in outer space. Most common are hydrogen and helium. Interstellar cosmic dust makes nebulae.
References
Astronomy
Star-Lord

Star-Lord (Peter Quill) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, and is the leader of the Guardians of the Galaxy. The character was created by Bill Mantlo, Steve Englehart, and Gray Morrow. A self-proclaimed ''outlaw'', Star-Lord was a member of the space thieves Ravagers who later formed a team with Gamora, Rocket Raccoon, Drax the Destroyer, and Groot to stop the evil Ronan the Accuser, and later to both protect the galaxy from threats, while at the same time getting paid for services.
He is a major character of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. He is played by American actor Chris Pratt and is the protagonist of the Guardians of the Galaxy movie series, also appearing in Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019).
Source
Some text was copied from Star-Lord at Disney Wiki, which is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
Marvel Comics superheroes
William Evan Sanders

William Evan Sanders (December 25, 1919 - November 18, 2021) was an American Episcopalian prelate. He was the eighth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Tennessee from 1977 to 1985, and first bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of East Tennessee from 1985 to 1992. He was born in Natchez, Mississippi.
Sanders died on November 18, 2021 in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 101.
References
1919 births
2021 deaths
American centenarians
People from Nashville, Tennessee
People from Mississippi
Episcopalian bishops
Windows Task Manager

Windows Task Manager is a task manager application. It is part of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems. Windows Task Manager gives detailed information about computer performance and applications that are currently running. It also gives information about processes and CPU usage, commit charge and memory information, network activity and statistics, logged-in users, and system services. The application can be used to set process priorities, processor affinity, forcibly terminating (ending) processes. In Windows XP only, the application can be used to shut down, restart, hibernate or log off from Windows.
Other websites
Task Manager information at Computer Hope
Software
Joannas

Joannas is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Ezer Weizman

Ezer Weizman (, 15 June 1924 - 24 April 2005) was the seventh President of Israel. He was first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Members of the Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
HaAvoda politicians
Israeli generals
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish military people
People from Tel Aviv
Presidents of Israel
Paulo Ferreira

Paulo Ferreira (born 18 January 1979) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Chelsea and the Portuguese national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Estoril-Praia||rowspan="2"|Liga Honra||1||0||||||||||||||1||0
|-
|1998/99||15||0||||||||||||||15||0
|-
|1999/00||||21||2||||||||||||||21||2
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Vitoria FC||Liga Honra||34||2||||||||||||||34||2
|-
|2001/02||Portuguese Liga||34||0||||||||||||||34||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Porto||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||30||0||||||||||||||30||0
|-
|2003/04||32||0||||||||||||||32||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Chelsea||rowspan="6"|Premier League||29||0||1||0||5||0||7||0||42||0
|-
|2005/06||21||0||3||1||1||0||6||0||31||1
|-
|2006/07||24||0||5||0||2||0||6||0||37||0
|-
|2007/08||18||0||3||0||2||0||5||0||28||0
|-
|2008/09||7||0||1||0||2||0||2||0||12||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
167||4||||||||||||||||
99||0||13||1||12||0||26||0||150||1
266||4||13||1||12||0||26||0||317||5
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||6||0
|-
|2004||11||0
|-
|2005||8||0
|-
|2006||7||0
|-
|2007||9||0
|-
|2008||11||0
|-
|2009||3||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||57||0
|}
References
1979 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Yorkshire Terrier

The Yorkshire Terrier or Yorkie is a small breed of terrier dog. It originated in the United Kingdom in the town of Yorkshire, from where it gets its name.
They were first bred to catch mice and rats, so they are often fast and energetic. Yorkies usually weigh about 7 pounds (3.18 kg) and have a dark gray or black coat with a brown face. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), Yorkies are the second most popular dog breed in America, behind only the Labrador Retriever. They are really playful, they will always want to play.
Terriers
Savitar (DC Comics)

Savitar is a fictional supervillain and an antagonist in DC Comics appearing in the Flash comics. He is an immensely powerful speedster who leads a cult that worships the Speed Force. He desires to drain any enemy speedster of their powers in order to live up to his name as a god. He has fought many speedsters, including Wally West, Jay Garrick, and Barry Allen.
A variation of the character appeared in the third season of The CW's live-action television series The Flash, played by Grant Gustin, and voiced by Tobin Bell.
Source
Some text was copied from Savitar (DC) at Villains Wiki, which is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
DC Comics supervillains
Margaret Kerry

Margaret Kerry (born May 11, 1929) is an American actress and radio host. She was best known for her work as the model for Tinker Bell in the 1953 Walt Disney Pictures animated feature, Peter Pan.
References
Other websites
1929 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American radio personalities
Actors from Los Angeles
Models from Los Angeles
Disney actors
Alejandro García Padilla

Alejandro Javier Garcia Padilla (born August 3, 1971) is a Puerto Rican politician. He was the Governor of Puerto Rico from 2013 to 2017. He was elected governor in January 2013.
Notes
References
1971 births
Living people
Governors of Puerto Rico
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Puerto Rican lawyers
Formula Rossa

Formula Rossa is a roller coaster at Ferrari World Abu Dhabi that is currently the fastest on Earth, reaching speeds of 240km/h. So fast that it requires riders to wear safety glasses and goggles.
Roller coasters
Abu Dhabi (emirate)
Yvette Fielding

Yvette Fielding (born 23 September 1968) is an English television presenter. She is the presenter of the shows Most Haunted, Most Haunted Live! and Ghosthunting with.... She is also the executive producer of the shows.
Early life
Yvette was educated at Pownall Green Primary School and Bramhall High School in Bramhall, Stockport, in Greater Manchester and Poynton. She also attended Hillcrest Grammar School, Davenport.
Career
Fielding presented the children's television show, Blue Peter from 1987 to 1992, and was the youngest ever person to do so; she was only 18 years old when she started. Previously, she had acted in the children's television comedy series Seaview.
Since leaving Blue Peter, Fielding has worked on television shows such as What's Up Doc?, Heaven and Earth, The General and City Hospital, and also had acting roles in Last of the Summer Wine (making an appearance in the series while making a Blue Peter report on the show) and Juliet Bravo. She also appeared as a regular alongside Fred Dineage and Toyah Willcox on a property-pricing based game-show called Under Offer made for Meridian Television.
She appeared in a guest-role in the popular BBC drama Holby City in 2007 and appeared in the ITV2 reality television programme Deadline, finishing second.
Since 2002, Yvette Fielding and her husband Karl Beattie have both made Most Haunted for the British TV channel Living through their production company, "Antix." Viewers can see Fielding at many possible haunted locations around Britain, in the hopes for paranormal activity that could be caught on film.
Personal life
Fielding and her husband have a daughter, Mary.
Eccentric British pop duo, Astrojade, started their musical career with a song titled "Yvette Fielding" as a homage to her and Most Haunted.
She likes cars and has 3 Aston Martins, a Land Rover and a Range Rover.
References
Other websites
Yvette Fielding Fansite
"Antix" productions website
Most Haunted Fan Site
Most Haunted forum
1968 births
English television presenters
Living people
People from Stockport
Josl Rieder

Josef "Josl" Rieder (3 December 1932 - 15 June 2019) was an Austrian alpine skier. He competed at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. At the event, he was disqualified in the downhill event and the slalom. He won three medals (one gold and two silvers) at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships in 1958. He lit the Olympic flame at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.
Rieder was born in Lermoos, Tyrol. He died on 15 June 2019, at the age of 86.
References
Other websites
Josl Rieder at the International Olympic Committee
1932 births
2019 deaths
Austrian skiers
Austrian Olympians
People from Tyrol (state)
Loudwire

Loudwire is an American online magazine. It makes news about rock and heavy metal musicians. It was made in 2011. Loudwire has interviewed many popular musicians, such as Metallica, Megadeth, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, and Slipknot.
The magazine hosts an awards ceremony (a show where people are given awards) named the Loudwire Music Awards. Awards are given to musicians who earn the most votes from people who read the magazine.
References
Other websites
American magazines
Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), are techniques that doctors use to give a visual representation of soft tissue (flesh) inside the body. Magnetic resonance uses nuclear magnetic resonance to generate these images.
To take an MRI image, the patient lies on a movable bed. The bed enters a strong magnetic field and then radio waves are applied for a short time in a different direction. This sudden shift causes certain atoms in the patient's body to make special signals. The MRI scanner detects those special signals.
The MRI scanner then sends the signal information to a computer, and the computer creates an image of the inner body by using the signal information.
Pros and cons
The MRI is used to diagnose disorders of the body that cannot be seen by X-rays. The MRI is painless and has the advantage of avoiding the dangerous X-ray radiation.
It is an expensive medical procedure, due to the high cost of the equipment. Some metallic objects may distort the image, like hip, shoulder and knee replacements but the exam can still be done. Cochlear (ear) implants, some (older) aneurysm clips in the brain, and most pacemakers are not MRI compatible. Obese and severely claustrophobic patients often need sedation and/or imaging with an "open" magnet, which is much less confining. Contrast agents may or may not be indicated for some patients, and those with compromised kidney function may not be able to receive the contrast, due to a serious but rare skin reaction.
Which parts of the body MRI scans study
MRI scans can be used to study the brain, spinal cord, bones, joints, breasts, the heart and blood vessels. It can also be used to look at other internal organs. MRI scans can be used to find blood clots as well.
An MRI scan can be used as an extremely accurate method of disease detection throughout the body.
Neurosurgeons use an MRI scan not only in defining brain anatomy but in evaluating the integrity of the spinal cord after an injury. An MRI scan can evaluate the structure of the heart and aorta, where it can detect aneurysms or tears. Furthermore, MRI is nowadays used intraoperatively.
It provides valuable information on glands and organs within the abdomen, and accurate information about the structure of the joints, soft tissues, and bones of the body. Often, surgery can be deferred or more accurately directed after knowing the results of an MRI scan.
Related pages
Nuclear magnetic resonance
References
Further reading
TRTF/EMRF: The history of MRI (Peter A. Rinck, ed). url = http://www.magnetic-resonance.org/ch/20-01.html
Guadalupe Portal; Aliosvi Rodriguez Whole body magnetic resonance imaging in early diagnosis in Trinidad BMJ (2010) ISSN 1756-1833 url = http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/12/19/re-whole-body-magnetic-resonance-imaging
Other websites
A Guided Tour of MRI: An introduction for laypeople National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Video: What to Expect During Your MRI Exam from the Institute for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Education, and Research (IMRSER)
3D Animation Movie about MRI Exam
Magnetic resonance imaging -Citizendium
Medical procedures
Medical imaging