pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Patty Aubery

Patty Aubery is an American author from California. She wrote some books like Chicken Soup for the Soul series, including Chicken Soup for the Christian Soul.
A leader of women's rights, Aubery wrote a book for women only, Chicken Soup for the Christian Woman's Soul. The book tells stories of women facing challenges, difficult times and renewing faith. The chapters contain Faith, Family Love, God's Healing Power, Friendship, Making a Difference, Challenges and Wonders.
She was on the program "Wake!" on TV in 2015. In 2017 she was also in the movie Soul of Success. Her writings drew attention within the self-help genre. She is a contributor to several books in the area of self-help, mind and body, training, life struggle, money, success, and innovation. Author Lisa Nichols wrote that Aubery "was a force for possibility". Many people think her books are important to to read..
Bibliography
Chicken Soup for the Christian Soul by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery, ISBN-10: 1558745017
Chicken Soup for the Christian Woman's Soul by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery, ISBN-10: 9781623610432
Chicken Soup for the New Mom's Soul by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery ISBN-10: 1623610583
Chicken Soup for the Sister's Soul by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery ISBN-10: 1623610044
Chicken Soup for the Beach Lover's Soul by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery ISBN-10: 1623610591
Chicken Soup for the Father & Daughter Soul by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery ISBN-10: 1623610265
Chicken Soup for the Christian Teenage Soul by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery ISBN-10: 1623610109
Chicken Soup for the Expectant Mother's Soul by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery ISBN-10: 1623610931
Chicken Soup for the Cancer Survivor's Soul by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen and Patty Aubery ISBN-10: 1623610397
Chicken Soup for the Surviving Soul by Jack Canfield, Bernie S. Siegel, and Patty Aubery. ISBN-10: 8187671130
Permission Granted by Kate Butler Cpsc and Patty Aubery. ISBN-10: 1948927152
Capture Your Power by Patty Aubery and Mark Mirkovich. ISBN-10: 1732470308
References
William the Silent

William I of Orange-Nassau (24 April 1533 - 10 July 1584) was an important leader of the Dutch rebellion against the Spanish in the Eighty Years' War. He was the first leader of the Netherlands. He held the title of Prince of Orange.
William of Orange is better known as William the Silent (in Dutch: Willem de Zwijger). It is not known how he got this name. One story says that when the kings of France and Spain proposed to William to kill all Protestants in his area, William did not reply.
William was born in Nassau in Germany. The king of Spain made him stadtholder (a sort of leader) of several Dutch provinces. But William converted to Protestantism, the religion of the Dutch people, and joined their struggle for independence. The king of Spain offered a reward for the person who would kill William. In 1584 William was shot by Balthasar Gerards in his house in Delft. William's last words were in French: "Mon Dieu, mon Dieu, ayez pitie de moi et de ton pauvre peuple" (My Lord, My Lord, have pity on me and your poor people). Balthasar Gerards never received his reward, because he was killed by the angry Dutch.
In the Netherlands, people often call him "Father of the fatherland". The Dutch national anthem, the Wilhelmus, is about William.
1533 births
1584 deaths
Dutch royalty
Cocker Spaniel

Cocker Spaniel is the name for two dog breeds of the Spaniel type: The English Cocker Spaniel and the American Cocker Spaniel. Originally, these dogs were bred in England for hunting Eurasian Woodcock. Cocker spaniels are popular family pets. The English version is usually brown and ginger in color. Their fur is very soft and their noses are big. They have very big floppy ears. There are two version of cocker spaniels, show dogs and hunters. They are the smallest of the sporting dogs. They are bred from an earlier 19th century dog called field spaniels. The smallest dogs in litters were called "cockers". This was because They were small enough to go under hedgerows where larger dogs could not go. They could also move through brambles and bushes to flush woodcocks into the open. The smaller dogs became the American cockers while the larger dogs became the English variety.
References
Spaniels
Soria

Soria () is a municipality and a Spanish city, located on the Douro river in the east of the autonomous community of Castile and Leon and capital of the province of Soria. Its population is 38,881 (INE, 2017).
References
Capital cities in Spain
Cities in Castile and Leon
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
Man without a Passport

Man without a Passport () is a 1966 Soviet thriller movie directed by Anatoly Bobrovsky. It stars Vladimir Zamansky, Gennady Frolov, and Nikolai Gritsenko.
Actors
Vladimir Zamansky as Aleksandr Ryabich
Gennady Frolov as Vladimir Bakhrov
Nikolai Gritsenko as Pyotr Izmaylov
Lionella Skirda as Olga Goncharova
Alexey Eybozhenko as Konstantin Lezhnev
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1966 adventure movies
1966 thriller movies
Russian adventure movies
Russian thriller movies
Movies directed by Anatoliy Bobrovsky
Wrigley Field

Wrigley Field is a sports stadium, the baseball park where the Chicago Cubs play in Major League Baseball. The ballpark is in Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs have been playing there since 1916.
The ballpark is on the north side of Chicago. It is on a block bounded by Addison Street, Clark Street, Waveland Avenue, and Sheffield Avenue. It was built in 1914 for the Chicago Whales of the Federal League. The Federal League disbanded after the 1915 season. The Cubs moved from their previous home, West Side Park, to this ballpark in 1916.
The Chicago Bears of the National Football League played their home games at Wrigley Field from 1921 through 1970. They moved to Soldier Field in 1971.
Wrigley Field has also hosted events such as soccer and hockey. It has also been used as a filming location for some Hollywood movies.
The ballpark has a "cozy" feel. Fans often call it "The Friendly Confines". That nickname was made famous by former Cubs player Ernie Banks.
There was also a Wrigley Field in Los Angeles, built by the same people who built Wrigley Field in Chicago.
The park was designated a National Historic Landmark in November 2020.
References
Other websites
Stadium site on cubs.com
Restore Wrigley Field
Wrigley Field facts, figures, photos and more
Wrigley Field News
Zachary Taylor Davis
Major League Baseball venues
Sports buildings in Chicago
Chicago Cubs
1914 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Illinois
Landmarks in Chicago
Kostanay

Kostanay ( ; ) is a city near the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan.
References
Cities and towns in Kazakhstan
Tomás Villanueva

Tomas Felix Villanueva Rodriguez (25 February 1953 - 7 September 2017) was a Spanish politician. He was born in Valladolid, Spain. He served as a politician for the region of Castile and Leon. He served as the region's Vice President from 2001 through 2003.
Villanueva died of a heart attack on 7 September 2017 in Valladolid, Spain at the age of 64.
References
Other websites
1953 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Spanish politicians
Vice presidents
New Zealand Dollar

The New Zealand Dollar (NZD) is the money used in New Zealand, Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau and the Pitcairn Islands. It has been in use since 1967, before that the New Zealand Pound was used. One dollar is equal to 100 cents. It is normally used with the $ or NZ$ to show it is the New Zealand Dollar.
Coins
From 1967 the coins being used were 1 cent, 2 cents, 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents and 50 cents. the 1 cent and 2 cent coins being made of copper and the rest being made in cupro-nickel. In 1987 the 1 cent and 2 cent coins stopped being made and were not used anymore by 1990. In 1991 the 1 dollar and 2 dollar banknotes got changed into coins. They were made of aluminium-bronze. In 2006 the New Zealand Government decided to stop using the 5 cent coin and make all the other coins expect for the 1 and 2 dollar coins smaller. They also made the new smaller 10 cent coin copper.
Banknotes
The first paper banknotes were printed in 1967. The one, two, five, ten, twenty and one hundred dollar notes. The one and two dollar notes were replaced by coins in 1991. In 1983 a 50 dollar banknote was introduced. In 1999, New Zealand changed from paper banknotes to polymer banknotes.
Other websites
Currency of Oceania
New Zealand
1967 establishments in Oceania
1960s establishments in New Zealand
Nortel

Nortel was a large Canadian telecommunications company and one of the oldest technology companies. It was founded in Montreal. The company started making phones in 1895, and the company was called Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company.
At the end of the 20th century Nortel had over ninety thousand employees. Nortel's value formed thirty percent of the capital of the Toronto Stock Exchange.
Nortel filed for bankruptcy in 2009. In 2020, the Vancouver Sun speculated that corporate espionage by Huawei caused Nortel's failure.
The First 100 Years
1895 - The company was created
1900 - The company started making wind-up phonographs
1913 - Headquarters moved to Montreal
1914 - The company merged with Imperial Cable
1922 - The company started making radios
1928 - The company made the first talking movie sound system
1953 - The company started making television sets
1958 - The world's longest microwave system
1969 - Started engineering digital telephone system
1972 - Opened a factory in Michigan USA
1975 - Shipped first digital phone system
1976 - The company changes names to Northern Telecom
1977 - The company started selling digital central office telephone systems
1984 - The company was the first non-Japanese company to supply equipment to Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
1995 - The company starts engineering of a terabit switch
References
1895 establishments
1890s establishments in Canada
Technology companies of Canada
Montreal
Ottawa
2009 disestablishments in North America
2000s disestablishments in Canada
2009 in Canada
List of settlements in Hungary

Hungary has 3152 localities as of July 1, 2009.
The largest city is the capital, Budapest. The smallest town is Palhaza with 1038 inhabitants (2010). The largest village is Solymar (population: 10,123 as of 2010). There are more than 100 villages with fewer than 100 people while the smallest villages have fewer than 20 inhabitants.
Largest cities in Hungary
Over 100,000 (big cities)
50,000 - 100,000 (middle-sized cities)
30,000 - 50,000 (smaller cities)
All other towns in Hungary as of 1 January 2011.
Hungary
settlements
Zatheria

Cladotheria (also called Zatheria) is a clade of mammals--that means a group of mammals who all evolved from the same ancient creature. Cladotheria has marsupials, placentals, and some kinds of extinct animals like dryolestoids, amphitheriids and peramurids. This clade was named in 1975 by Malcolm McKenna. In 2002, scientists called it a node-based taxon that had "the common ancestor of dryolestids and living therians, plus all its descendants". A different definition was written in 2013. Then scientists said that Cladotheria has all groups of mammals that are more like a house mouse than they are like the animal Spalacotherium tricuspidens.
Mammals
Jean-François Le Sueur

Jean-Francois Le Sueur (or Lesueur) (15 February 1760 -- 6 October 1837) was a French composer, best known for his oratorios and operas.
Life
Jean-Francois Le Sueur was born in a tiny village called Plessiel, near Abbeville. His great-uncle was the painter Eustache Le Sueur. He started his musical training by singing in the choir at the church of Abbeville, then at the cathedral of Amiens. Le Sueur became chorus master at the cathedral of Sees. He went to Paris to study harmony. His teacher was Abbe Nicolas Roze, chorus master at the church Saints-Innocents. Le Sueur got jobs at Dijon (1779), Le Mans (1782), Tours (1783) and then took over Roze's job at the Saints-Innocents at Paris. In 1786 he was made music director at the famous church Notre-Dame de Paris.
At Notre Dame he started to use orchestras to play the music for some of the special services. The priests did not like this. Le Sueur replied by writing a little book about music for big religious celebrations. It was a bad time in France financially and the church had to make savings, so Le Sueur could not have his orchestra any more, so he resigned from his job.
Le Sueur spent some time in London, 1788-92, then returned to Paris where the revolution was going on. Three of his operas were performed, and he became professor at the Ecole de la Garde Nationale, and then at the Conservatoire which was very new at the time. There he taught basic music theory. He was unable to get any more operas of his performed. He wrote a book saying how music should be taught in France, and criticizing the Conservatoire and its director. Because of that he lost his job at the Conservatoire.
Le Sueur now had no job and so he was very poor. Then, in 1804, Napoleon made him maitre de la chapelle at the Tuileries in the place of Giovanni Paisiello. He was then able to have his most famous work performed at the Opera. It was called Ossian ou Les bardes. Napoleon liked it very much and gave Le Sueur the cross of the Legion d'honneur. Le Sueur composed the Triumphal March for the coronation of Napoleon. In 1813, he was given a position at the Academie des Beaux-Arts, replacing Andre Gretry.
At the Bourbon Restoration, he was named composer of the royal chapel and conductor of the orchestra of the Opera. From the beginning of 1818, he taught composition at the Conservatoire. He stayed there many years. His most famous pupils were Hector Berlioz, Ambroise Thomas and Charles Gounod.
He died in Paris.
1760 births
1837 deaths
18th-century French composers
People from Hauts-de-France
19th-century French composers
Lynelle Kugler

Lynelle Kugler (born November 13, 1981) is an American rugby union player. She played for the University of Northern Colorado. She played for the United States at the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup.
References
Other websites
Rugby Interview: USA Legend Phaidra Knight & USA Star Lynelle Kugler, rugbywrapup.com May 22, 2012
Lynelle Kugler of the USA charges upfield zimbio
1981 births
Living people
American rugby union players
Colin Campbell (lawyer)

Sir Colin Murray Campbell (26 December 1944 - 20 May 2022) was a Scottish lawyer and academic. He was the Vice Chancellor of the University of Nottingham. He retired as vice chancellor of the University of Nottingham in September 2008. He was appointed in 1988 as the country's youngest vice chancellor at the age of 43.
Campbell died on 20 May 2022, aged 77.
References
1944 births
2022 deaths
British lawyers
Academics of the University of Nottingham
Scottish academics
Pieridae

The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies. It has about 76 genera and 1,100 species. They are mostly from tropical Africa and Asia. Most pierid butterflies are white, yellow or orange with black spots. The pigments are a characteristic of this family.
The name "butterfly" may have come from a member of this family, the Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni. It was called the "butter-coloured fly" by early British naturalists.
The caterpillars of some species, such as Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae, are often seen in gardens. They are agricultural pests because they feed on brassicas.
Males of many species feed on salts from moist soil. They do this in groups. This behavior is known as 'mud-puddling' or 'puddling'.
Classification
The Pieridae have the radial vein on the forewing with 3 or 4 branches (rarely 5) . The fore legs are well developed in both sexes. The tarsal claws are bifid (bifid means split into two parts).
Like the Papilionidae, Pieridae also have their chrysalids held at an angle by a silk girdle. The girdle runs around the first abdominal segment unlike the thoracic girdle seen in the Papilionidae.
Subfamilies
The Pieridae are divided into the following four subfamilies:
Dismorphiinae (6 genera) They are mostly neotropical. This group includes many mimetical species. The host plants are in the family Fabaceae.
Pierinae (55 genera) This subfamily includes the whites and orange-tips. Many of these species are strongly migratory. Their host plants are in the families Capparidaceae, Brassicaceae, Santalaceae, and Loranthaceae.
Coliadinae (14 genera) This subfamily includes the sulphurs and yellows. Many of these species are sexually dimorphic. Some species, such as in the genus Colias, have wing patterns that are visible only under ultraviolet light.
Pseudopontiinae The main species in this subfamily is Pseudopontia paradoxa. It is endemic to West Africa.
References
Other websites
TOL
Pteron In Japanese but binomial names. 3 pages of images.
Holarctic Pieridae
Pontia protodice, checkered white on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
Pieridae
Barnett Newman

Barnett Newman (January 29, 1905 - July 4, 1970) was an American artist. He is one of the major figures in abstract expressionism, and a leading "color field" painter.
Newman was born in New York City, the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. He studied philosophy at the City College of New York and worked in his father's business making clothing. He later made a living as a teacher, writer and critic. From the 1930s on he made paintings said to be in an expressionist style. He later destroyed all these works.
Throughout the 1940s he worked in a surrealist vein before developing his mature style. This has areas of pure color separated by thin vertical lines, or "zips" as Newman called them. In the first works featuring zips, the color fields are variegated, but later the colors are pure and flat. Newman himself thought that he reached his fully mature style with the Onement series (from 1948). The zips define the spatial structure of the painting, while simultaneously dividing and uniting the composition.
Newman died of a heart attack in New York City. He was unappreciated as an artist for much of his life, being overlooked in favour of more colorful characters such as Jackson Pollock. Some critics wrote admiringly about him, but it was not until the end of his life that he began to be taken seriously. He was, however, an important influence on many younger artists.
Other websites
See his work at artsy.net:
References
1905 births
1970 deaths
American painters
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from New York City
Villasimius

Villasimius (Crabonaxa) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 3,711 people lived there. Its area is 57.97 km2. It is 49 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Anne Haney

Anne Haney (March 4, 1934 - May 26, 2001) was an American actress. She worked in some movies, but mostly on television shows. She acted as a social worker in Mrs. Doubtfire and as Alberta in the sitcom Mama's Family. She also guest starred on other television series, including Designing Women and Charmed.
Haney was born in Memphis, Tennessee. She died due to heart failure in Studio City, California at age sixty-seven.
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Memphis, Tennessee
1934 births
2001 deaths
Twin paradox

The twin paradox in physics is a thought experiment in special relativity. It involves identical twins, one of whom makes a journey into space in a high-speed rocket and returns home to find that the twin who remained on Earth has aged more.
The paradox depends upon the unspoken idea that the passage of time is the same in all circumstances. But this is not correct. Time is relative and the speed of light through a vacuum is the only constant. And the universe is relativistic, not Newtonian. Every single test which has been made has shown this.
Related pages
Special relativity
References
Relativity
Clayton Lambert

Clayton Benjamin Lambert was born 10 February, 1962 in Berbice, British Guiana. He is a West Indies-American cricketer who played 5 tests and 12 one-day internationals for the West Indies and the United States from 1991 to 2004.
Other websites
1962 births
Living people
American cricketers
Guyanese cricketers
West Indies cricketers
Neuburg an der Kammel

Neuburg is a municipality in Gunzburg in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Settlements in Gunzburg (district)
Geoffrey Chew

Geoffrey Foucar Chew (June 5, 1924 - April 11, 2019) was an American theoretical physicist. He was known for his bootstrap theory of strong interactions. He also worked on the Manhattan Project. He was a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley from 1957. He was an emeritus professor from 1991 at Berkeley. He was also a physics faculty at the University of Illinois from 1950 to 1956. He was a student of Enrico Fermi. Chew's students included Nobel Prize in Physics-winning David Gross, and John Henry Schwarz. His awards included the Hughes Prize (1962), Lawrence Prize (1969) and Majorana Prize (2008).
Chew was born in Washington, D.C. He studied at the University of Chicago. He died on April 11, 2019 in Berkeley, California. He was 94.
References
Other websites
Geoffrey Chew at Berkeley Physics
1924 births
2019 deaths
Academics from Washington, D.C.
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
American theoretical physicists
University of Chicago alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Hong Kong Stock Exchange

The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (sometimes shortened to SEHK), is a stock exchange located in Hong Kong. It is East Asia's and Asia's third largest stock exchange in terms of market capitalization behind the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange, and the sixth largest in the world before Euronext. As of 31 October 2016, SEHK had 1,955 listed companies, 989 of which are from mainland China (Red chip, H share and P chip), 856 from Hong Kong and 110 from other countries and region (e.g. Macau, Taiwan, Malaysia, United States, Singapore, etc.) Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing owns SEHK and is itself listed on SEHK.
The physical trading floor at Exchange Square (Hong Kong) closed in 2017, due to the shift towards electronic trading. By 2014, it accounted for less than 1% of trade volume.
Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Traditional Chinese: Xiang Gang Jiao Yi Suo , also Gang Jiao Suo ; sometimes shortened to HKEX ; SEHK: 0388) is a stock exchange in Hong Kong.
It is mostly owned by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing, which also controls Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited (HKFE) and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited.
References
Stock exchanges in Asia
Organisations based in Hong Kong
Lorenza Mazzetti

Lorenza Mazzetti (26 July 1927 - 4 January 2020) was an Italian movie director, novelist, photographer and painter. She was born in Florence, Tuscany. She directed the movie Together (1956) movie.
Mazzetti died on 4 January 2020 in Rome at the age of 92.
Movies
K (1954), starring Michael Andrews
Together (1956), starring Michael Andrews, Eduardo Paolozzi
I cattivi vanno in Paradiso (1959)
Latin Lovers (1961)
Mysteries of Rome (1966)
Books
Il cielo cade (1962)
Con rabbia (1963)
Uccidi il padre e la madre (1969)
Il lato oscuro, Tindalo (1969).
Il teatro dell'io: l'onirodramma. I bambini drammatizzano a scuola i loro sogni (1975)
Diario londinese (2014)
London Diaries (2019) Zidane Press.
Related pages
List of Italian painters
References
1927 births
2020 deaths
Italian movie directors
Italian painters
Italian writers
Italian photographers
Educational psychology

Educational psychology is a branch of psychology. It has ancient roots, but was mostly developed in the 20th century. It has two "faces", the scientific and the humanistic.
Two concepts
Education as an objective science was strongly promoted around 1900 by Alfred Binet and Edward Thorndike. Binet it was who invented the first intelligence tests, and they were extended and promoted in English by Louis Terman. Binet's ideas were sympathetic to Thorndike, who was above all interested in turning psychology into a real science by research, measurement and empirical evidence. The arrival of World War I caused a huge conscription of men into the fighting services. Sorting out men of all types was an urgent problem. The intelligence tests proved to be very useful at helping get the right men into the right jobs. Not surprisingly, the use of IQ tests continued in education, where a similar problem of sorting out occurs in unselected public school enrollments.
The other way to look at educational psychology is to notice that a child is a growing person. Unlike most adults, the child is open to influence. Education does change a child. The emphasis on the child as a growing person is typical of humanistic psychology. It has many supporters, especially at primary school level. Examples of educators whose interest was humanistic include Johann Pestalozzi, Maria Montessori, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget. This type of approach is called "child-centered" education.
Public certification
How these two approaches are balanced varies in different countries. Many countries have arrangements for certified psychologists to inluence schools and help children.
These posts are now called 'educational and child psychology' in the United Kingdom. Since a training overhaul in 2006, there is a 3-year taught doctorate similar to that of clinical psychology. In the United States it is still called school psychology. Educational and child psychology is the practice of applied psychology with children and families in the context of education and is usually based within a government local authority.
References
Branches of psychology
La Bala (YouTuber)

Maria Isabella de La Torre Echenique (Mexico City, Mexico; 19 July 2004) better known as "La Bala" is a Mexican singer. She started as a YouTuber when she was 11 years old, when she had the idea to shoot a video and her parents gave her support. On her channel, she mainly did sketches and parodies, although in the following years she began to do vlogs, musical parodies, challenges, jesting, etc. In 2019 she was chosen as a Nickelodeon ambassador in Latin America, and appeared in the Club 57 series. She has collaborated with other YouTubers such as Luisito Comunica, Berth Oh!, La Diversion de Martina among others. and amassed over four million subscribers on YouTube.
Filmography
TV shows
Movies
Nominations and awards
References
Mexican singers
2004 births
Living people
Singers from Mexico City
YouTubers
Denial-of-Service attack

A Denial-of-Service attack (DoS) is when someone arranges for a lot of computers to open a website. This stops everyone else from accessing the website as there is too much traffic flowing to it. People with slower internet connections, such as dial-up, are affected more by attacks.
Types
There are different kinds of DoS attacks:
Flood attack - This is when a system gets too much internet traffic (people trying to connect to it). The traffic uses bandwidth and the internet servers slow down and eventually stop.
Logic and software attacks - Internet packets are sent that are supposed to use bugs in the software or system. These attacks are easier to defend against because firewall or software patches usually correct the problem.
Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack - This type of attack uses either flood attacks or logic attacks, but it uses many different computers under the attacker's control (see Botnet). This type of attack is one of the most often used, and usually against company websites. This type of attack is often the hardest to prevent, track, and stop.
History
In the 1990s and early 2000s, many web companies were hit by DoS attacks. For example, Microsoft was affected by DoS attacks in early 2001. Many users were unable to access the Microsoft website and many Microsoft services. On June 10, 2014, Evernote was targeted by a DDoS attack for 24 hours.
References
Malware
Eastern Development Region, Nepal

Eastern Development Region () was one of Nepal's five development regions. It was at the eastern end of the country. Its headquarters were at Dhankuta.
Geography
The Eastern Development Region had Sikkim and West Bengal (India) to the east, Bihar (India) to the south, the Central Development Region to the west and the Tibet Autonomous Region (People's Republic of China) to the north.
The Eastern Region was the third largest Development Region of Nepal with an area of . It was the second in population with 5,811,555 (21.9% of total) people living there in 2011. Its population density was 204.2 persons/km2.
The region had three ecological zones: the high mountains, the hills and the Terai.
The highest mountain in the region, and in the world, is Mount Everest. It is in the Solukhumbu District, Sagarmatha Zone. The lowest point of Nepal, Kechana Kalan is also here, in the Jhapa district. It is near the Mechi river and close to the border with India.
The most important rivers in the Eastern Development Region were the Kosi, tributary of the Ganges river; and the Mechi, tributary of the Mahananda River. Nepal's largest river system (the Kosi) and its highest waterfall (the Hyatrung in the Terhathum district) were found in this region. The Hyatrung waterfall () is high.
The region is rich in biodiversity. There are 28 species of Rhododendron (out of the 31 species available in Nepal) in the Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale area.
Cities
The major cities of this region were Biratnagar, Dharan, Dhankuta, Itahari, Rajbiraj, Birtamod Urlabari and Damak. Other notable places are Namche Bazaar (the town near the base camp of Mt. Everest), Gaighat, Lahan, Ilam, etc.
Administrative subdivisions
The Eastern Development Region had 3 Zones, parallel to each other, with a total of 16 Districts, 893 Village Development Committees (VDCs), 1 Sub-metropolitan city, and 13 Municipalities; the zones and districts were:
References
5. growing dental services in kathmandu
Related pages
Development regions of Nepal
Districts of Nepal
Zones of Nepal
Other websites
Administrative Division of Nepal - Geonames
Purvancala
Nepalese Army: Eastern Division
Subdivisions of Nepal
Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya

Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS) or National Museum of Humankind or Museum of Man is an anthropology museum located in Bhopal, India.
Collections
Things that are in the permanent collection: Khambana Kao Phaba (painting).
Other websites
Official website
Images of Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya
Museums in India
List of heads of state of India

This is a list of the heads of state of India, from the independence of India in 1947 to the present day. The current head of state of India is Ram Nath Kovind, elected in 2017 after being nominated by BJP, the party run by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
From 1947 to 1950 the head of state under the Indian Independence Act 1947 was King of India, who was also the Monarch of the United Kingdom and of the other Dominions of the British Commonwealth. The monarch was represented in India by a Governor-General. India became a republic under the Constitution of 1950 and the Monarch and Governor-General were replaced by a ceremonial President.
Monarch (1947-1950)
The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.
Governor-General
The Governor-General was the representative of the Monarch in India and exercised most of the powers of the Monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the Monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of India without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.
President of India
Under the Constitution, of the Republic of India, the President replaced the Monarch as ceremonial head of state. The President is elected by the Electoral College for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice-President serves as Acting President.
Status
Standards
Living former heads of state
There are two living former Indian heads of state:
Lists of heads of state
Politics of India
Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom

Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom (also spelled Strydom) also known as J.G. Strydom or Hans Strydom (July 14 1893-August 24 1958) nicknamed the Lion of the North, was Prime Minister of South Africa from 30 November 1954 to 24 August 1958.<ref
name=BOE_JG_Strijdom /> He was an Afrikaner nationalist, and a supporter of apartheid.
References
1893 births
1958 deaths
Afrikaner people
People associated with Apartheid
Prime Ministers of South Africa
Skeleton (sport)

Skeleton is a winter sport in which a person rides a small sled down a frozen track. The person lays face down on the sled, and rides head forward. It had been played at the Winter Olympics since 2002; before that, it had also been played in the 1928 and 1948 Games.
Skeleton is a dangerous sport. Riders can reach speeds of .
Related pages
Bobsled
Other websites
Federation Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Toboganning (FIBT) World governing body.
Winter sports
Unidentified

Unidentified is a 2006 science fiction movie. It was produced by Rich Christiano and Alvin Mount.
Main cast
Rebecca St. James - Colleen
Other websites
Official site
Unidentified at Rotten Tomatoes.
"Unidentified". AllMovie
"Rich Christiano interview". Christian Cinema. December 11, 2006.
American independent movies
2006 science fiction movies
American science fiction movies
movies set in Texas
Novosibirsk Oblast

Novosibirsk Oblast (, Novosibirskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia. Specifically it is an oblast. It is in southwestern Siberia. Its administrative center (capital city) is the city of Novosibirsk. The population was 2,797,176 as of the 2021 Census.
Geography
Novosibirsk Oblast is in the south of the West Siberian Plain, between the Ob and Irtysh Rivers. The oblast borders Omsk Oblast in the west, Kazakhstan (Pavlodar Province) in the southwest, Tomsk Oblast in the north, Kemerovo Oblast in the east, and Altai Krai in the south. The territory of the oblast extends for more than from west to east, and for over from north to south.
Administrative divisions
Demographics
Population:
According to the 2010 Census, the ethnic composition of the oblast was 93.1% Russians; 1.2% Germans; 0.9% Ukrainians; 0.9% Tatars; 0.4% Kazakhs; 0.2% Belarusians; 0.4% Armenians; 0.3% Azeris; and 0.5% Uzbeks.
Largest cities and towns
References
Oblasts of Russia
States and territories established in 1937
Manuel L. Quezon

Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (August 19, 1878 - August 1, 1944) served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the Philippines. Quezon is considered by most Filipinos to have been the second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo (1897-1901).
Quezon was the first Senate president elected to the presidency, the first president elected through a national election, and the first president to be re-elected. He is known as the "Father of the National Language".
During his presidency, Quezon tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. He also reorganized the islands's military defenses, planned to reorganize the government, promotion of settlement and development in Mindanao, tried to end foreign control over Philippine trade and commerce, proposals for land reform and the tackling of graft and corruption within the government. Quezon set up a government-in-exile in the US when World War II started and the Philippines were threatened with a Japanese invasion. During his exile in the US, Manuel Quezon died of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York.
1878 births
1944 deaths
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Deaths from tuberculosis
Presidents of the Senate of the Philippines
Infectious disease deaths in New York (state)
Majors
Military personnel of World War II
Presidents of the Philippines
Ham Lake, Minnesota

Ham Lake is a city in Anoka County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Sam Worthington

Samuel Henry John Worthington (born 2 August 1976) is an Australian actor and writer.
In 2004, Worthington was given an AACTA Award for his role in the independent movie Somersault. He is known for his roles in the movies Avatar (2009), Terminator Salvation (2009), Clash of the Titans (2010) and its sequel Wrath of the Titans (2012), Man on a Ledge (2012), Everest (2015), Hacksaw Ridge (2016), The Shack (2017) and Fractured (2019). He will appear in the Avatar sequels Avatar: The Way of Water (2021) and Avatar 3 (2022). He also played Captain Alex Mason in the video game Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010). He appeared again as Mason in Black Ops II (2012) and Black Ops 4 (2018). He also played real-life FBI profiler Jim Fitzgerald in the drama miniseries Manhunt: Unabomber (2017).
Worthington was born in Godalming, Surrey, England. He moved to Perth, Western Australia with his family when he was a baby. He grew up in Warnbro, a suburb Rockingham, Western Australia. He married model Lara Bingle in 2014. The couple have two children. Worthington is a Christian.
References
Other websites
1976 births
Living people
Actors from Perth, Western Australia
Actors from Surrey
Australian Christians
Australian movie actors
Australian screenwriters
Australian television actors
Australian voice actors
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Playing for Time (movie)

Playing for Time is a made-for-television movie about the Holocaust. Arthur Miller wrote the movie. He based it on Fania Fenelon's true book about her life, called The Musicians of Auschwitz. The movie was on television on CBS in 1980.
Story
At the Auschwitz death camp, the Nazis choose women who can sing and play instruments to make music for them. They become the Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz. The women see the things that happen in the camp and try to stay alive long enough for the war to end.
Name
The title comes from the English expression "playing for time" which means to stall or delay something bad from happening and the word "playing" as in playing an instrument. The women in Playing for Time are playing music so that the Nazis won't kill them yet.
Critical reception
Critics said the movie was "the best script [Miller] has written in years." The movie won many Emmys, a Golden Globe and the Peabody Award.
People did not like that directors chose Vanessa Redgrave to be Fania Fenelon. Redgrave did not like Israel and was pro-Palestine. Fenelon herself said that Redgrave was too tall and did not have a good sense of humor, which she said was one way she stayed alive in the camp. She wanted Liza Manelli instead of Redgrave.
Other members of the women's orchestra said that not all of Fenelon's story was true: They said that Alma Rose had not been as bad as Fenelon said. They said Fenelon's story made it look like she had saved their lives when really Rose had saved their lives. Some of the women also said they did not like that very private moments in their lives were in a movie for everyone to see.
Cast
Vanessa Redgrave as Fania Fenelon
Jane Alexander as Alma Rose
Marisa Berenson as Elzvieta
Christine Baranski as Olga
Shirley Knight Lagerfuhrerin Maria Mandel
Vivica Lindfors as Frau Schmidt
Adaptation
Arthur Miller also wrote a play Playing for Time, but it was after the movie, not before.
Other websites
Playing for Time on IMDB
References
Movies set in the 1940s
1980 movies
Movies based on books
American drama movies
Television movies
Holocaust movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Daniel Mann
8HevXII a

8HevXII a (originally marked LXXVTS 10a; Rahlfs 943a) is Septuagint manuscript that containing the biblical books of minor prophets. This is a manuscript in scroll form dated to the 1st century. It was found in the Judean Desert in the cave number 8 of Nahal Hever. This fragment is also marked with number 943a on the list of Septuagint manuscripts according to Alfred Rahlfs classification.
This scroll contains the name of God YHWH in the following places: Jon 4:2; Mic 1:1, 3; Mic 4:4, 5, 7; Mic 5:4, 4; Hab 2:14, 16, 20; Hab 3:9; Zep 1:3, 14; Zep 2:10; Zec 1:3, 3, 4; Zec 3:5, 6, 7.
This manuscript was published in Supplements to Vetus Testamentum, Vol. X, in 1963. The original designation of the scroll comes from the abbreviated name of the publication in which it was published (LXX - manuscript of the Septuagint; Vetus Testamentum, Supplements; volume X).
This manuscript is kept in the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem (8HevXII a).
References
Bibliography
Septuagint manuscripts
1st-century biblical manuscripts
Jackson County, Ohio

Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. In 2020, 32,653 people lived there. The county seat is Jackson.
References
1810s establishments in Ohio
1816 establishments in the United States
Ohio counties
British Rail Class 116

The British Rail Class 116 diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby from 1957 to 1961.
116
FIFA Women's World Cup

The FIFA Women's World Cup is the most important competition in the sport of Women's association football . The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) organizes the World Cup every four years.
The most successful team has been the United States, with 3 titles.
List of Champions
References
Other websites
1991 establishments
List of Urawa Red Diamonds players

The List of Urawa Red Diamonds players is evolving. The history of the team is created by its players.
Urawa Red Diamonds is a Japanese professional football club in the Urawa ward of Saitama.
List
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Yuki Abe
Sergio Ariel Escudero
Genki Haraguchi
Tadaaki Hirakawa
Satoshi Horinouchi
Hajime Hosogai
Nobuhiro Kato
Yosuke Kashiwagi
Yoshiya Nishizawa
Koki Otani
Robson Ponte
Edmilson dos Santos Silva
Naohiro Takahara
Tatsuya Tanaka
Keisuke Tsuboi
Shunsuke Tsutsumi
Ryota Tsuzuki
Keita Suzuki
Tsukasa Umesaki
Nobuhisa Yamada
Norihiro Yamagishi
Related pages
Sports in Japan
List of Japanese football teams
References
Other websites
Urawa Red Diamonds website ;
J.League Club Guide
Urawa Red Diamonds
Kelso, Washington

Kelso is a city in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Washington and is the county seat of Cowlitz County. At the 2010 census, the population was 11,925.
References
Cities in Washington (state)
County seats in Washington (state)
Protest the Hero

Protest the Hero are a Canadian progressive metal band from Whitby, Ontario.
Protest the Hero was formed in 2001 under the original name, Happy Go Lucky. They changed their name to Protest the Hero the next year and recorded their first EP, Search for the Truth.
The band released their debut full-length album Kezia on August 30, 2005 in Canada and on April 4, 2006 in the United States. They released their second studio album Fortress on January 29, 2008. Their third studio album Scurrilous was released on March 16, 2011 in Japan and on March 22, 2011 in both Canada and the Unites States. The band announced that they were releasing their fourth studio album in Summer 2013. The band said that the album would be crowdfunded through Indiegogo. The album had a fundraising goal of $125,000 and was reached within 30 hours. The band eventually reached $341,146 in fundraising which nearly tripled their original set goal.
Band members
Current
Rody Walker - lead vocals (2001-present)
Luke Hoskin - Lead guitar, piano, backing vocals (2001-present)
Tim Millar - Rhythm guitar, piano, backing vocals (2001-present)
Arif Mirabdolbaghi - Bass guitar, backing vocals (2001-present)
Moe Carlson - Drums (2001-present)
Discography
Albums
Kezia (2005)
Fortress (2008)
Scurrilous (2011)
Volition (2013)
References
Other websites
Official website
2000s music groups
Musical groups established in 2001
2010s music groups
Canadian heavy metal bands
Metalcore bands
Progressive metal bands
Roland Petit

Roland Petit (13 January 1924 - 10 July 2011) was a French choreographer who wrote dances for Rudolf Nureyev and was later in charge of the Paris Opera.
He was born in 1924 at Villemomble, France and began ballet lessons at the age of nine at the Paris Opera's School of Dance. After World War II, Petit started several ballet companies in Paris, as well as creating 11 ballets for the Paris Opera. He worked in Hollywood for four years and choreographed the 1953 ballet "The Lady in the Ice" with Orson Welles. He also worked on movies including "Hans Christian Andersen" starring Danny Kaye (1952), "Daddy Long Legs" with Fred Astaire and Leslie Caron (1955) and "Anything Goes" with Bing Crosby and Zizi Jeanmaire (1956).
In 1970 he was head of the Paris Opera and wrote works for Nureyev and Margot Fonteyn. He then did the choreography for the Casino de Paris. He has also worked with the San Francisco Ballet, the Bolshoi (Moscow), La Scala (Milan), the Asami Maki Ballet (Tokyo) and the National Ballet of China. He spent the last part of his life working with the National Ballet of Marseille-Roland Petit.
References
1924 births
2011 deaths
French ballet dancers
French choreographers
Firstborn (1984 movie)

Firstborn is a 1984 American psychological drama movie directed by Michael Apted and starring Teri Garr, Peter Weller, Corey Haim, Christopher Collet, Sarah Jessica Parker, Robert Downey Jr.. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
1984 drama movies
1980s psychological movies
American drama movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Michael Apted
Movies set in New Jersey
Aircraft carrier

Aircraft carriers are warships that carry airplanes and other aircraft like helicopters. They are used by navies to allow aircraft to fight along with naval warships. Aircraft carriers are usually very large, carrying hundreds or thousands of sailors and tens or hundreds of aircraft.
The top of an aircraft carrier is called the flight deck and looks like a very small airport. Old aircraft carriers carried airplanes that could takeoff and land in the short distance of the flight deck without help. Similarly, small modern aircraft carriers only carry helicopters or specially designed airplanes such as the Harrier that can take off and land straight up and down or in the short distance of the flight deck.
The flight deck of a large, modern aircraft carrier has a landing area and a take-off area. The landing area is in the back and has a short runway. Airplanes stop by using a hook on the back of the airplane to grab wires stretched across the runway. In the front, the flight deck has a steam-powered catapult that connects to the front wheel of an airplane. The catapult pulls and throws the airplane off the deck, helping it take off quickly. So, aircraft carriers are basically small, floating, mobile airports.
Because they are big ships and need much electric power, big modern aircraft carriers are steamships. Some have on-board nuclear power plants Others burn fuel oil.
Except for their airplanes, aircraft carriers usually have few weapons, so other warships escort them. Together, the aircraft carrier and these warships form a carrier group.
References
Military aviation
Warships
Evart, Michigan

Evart is a city in Osceola County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev

Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev (; 19 March 1906 - 22 August 1989) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Yakovlev.
Other websites
GlobalSecurity.org
1906 births
1989 deaths
Soviet engineers
Soviet politicians
Writers from Moscow
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Legion of Honour
Hauteville, Aisne

Hauteville, Aisne is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Kopstal

Kopstal () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen.
As of 2019, 3,884 people live here.
Communes of Luxembourg
Burt Styler

Burt Styler (February 20, 1925 - June 13, 2011) was an American television screenwriter and movie producer. Burt was born in New York City, New York. He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series in 1972 for writing the episode "Edith's Problem" on All in the Family.
Styler died from heart failure on June 13, 2011 in Tarzana, Los Angeles, California. He was aged 86.
References
Other websites
1925 births
2011 deaths
American television producers
Emmy Award winners
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Deaths from heart failure