pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Joseph von Fraunhofer

Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer (6 March 1787 - 7 June 1826) was a German physicist.
He was born in 1787 in Bavaria. When he was 11 years old, he had no father and no mother. Because of that, he had to work to survive. He worked making glass objects for a man called Philipp Anton Weichelsberger.
One day, in 1801, the place where Fraunhofer was working fell down and was destroyed. Fraunhofer was inside when this happened. Luckily, some people found him in the middle of the bits of the house and saved him. The Prince of Bavaria was with these people and he decided to help Fraunhofer.
The prince decided to give Fraunhofer money and books to study. He studied for five years and one day he was invited to work for a man called Joseph Utzschneider. This man had a company that made glass lenses to be used in scientific instruments. And this company had a secret laboratory in a monastery called Benediktbeuern. In this laboratory people were trying to discover how to make better glass lenses. Glass lenses at that time was a very complicated technology. After three years, Fraunhofer was one of the directors of this company. And after eight years he was a partner of the owner.
Fraunhofer died very sick in 1826, probably because of the time he worked as a child.
Spectroscopy
During his time in Benediktbeuern, Fraunhofer did experiments with glass. He discovered very important things about light. One day Fraunhofer was playing with a piece of glass called a prism and a telescope in a room full of sunlight. When he used the telescope to look at the glass, he discovered that he could see all colours of the rainbow. But there were black lines between the colours. Fraunhofer never discovered what the black lines were; he suggested they might be boundaries between different colors. Many years later, scientists discovered that these black spectral lines existed because some materials that exist in the sun and in the sky can absorb parts of the light. Today scientists use a similar technique to discover what chemicals are in stars and planets. The scientists who tried to find out what was happening call this part of science "spectroscopy".
1787 births
1826 deaths
German physicists
People from Bavaria
1013

Year 1013 (MXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It was one thousand years before 2013.
Events
By place
Europe
July Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark, having invaded England, is declared King within the Danelaw.
December 25 Sweyn is declared King of England in London, forcing AEthelred the Unready to flee to Normandy.
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a peace treaty at Merseburg with Duke Boleslaw I Chrobry of Poland who recognizes him as overlord.
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, gathers an army at Augsburg to begin his second Italian military campaign.
The Jews are thrown out of the caliphate of Cordoba.
The Poles leave from Pomerania (approximate date).
Asia
Estimation: Kaifeng, capital of China becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Cordoba in Al-Andalus.
The largest of the Four Great Books of Song, the Song Dynasty Chinese encyclopedia Prime Tortoise of the Record Bureau (which had been compiled since 1005), is completed in 1,000 volumes of 9.4 million written Chinese characters.
By topic
Religion
Lyfing is appointed by AEthelred the Unready as Archbishop of Canterbury.
The Al-Hakim Mosque is completed in Cairo.
Beauvais changes from a county to a bishopric (approximate date).
Births
Sancha of Leon, wife of Ferdinand I of Leon
Rabbi Isaac Alfasi (Rif),Moroccan Talmudist and posek(d. 1103)
Deaths
Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, scholar of medicine
Antipope John XVI
References
Dutch East Indies

The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, was the Dutch colony that is now modern Indonesia. The main city was Batavia, now called Jakarta.
It was made from the colonies of the Dutch East India Company that came under the control of the Netherlands in 1800.
In the Java War (1741-1743), Chinese rebels worked with Javanese Muslim rebels who forcibly circumcised Dutch men and enslaved Dutch women and children.
During World War II it was part of the Japanese Empire. In 1945 the Japanese had surrendered their colonies in the pacific, thus losing control of Indonesia, and Indonesian leaders made a declaration of independence. They fought a war of independence until the Netherlands gave Indonesia sovereignty in December 1949.
References
1949 disestablishments in Asia
History of Indonesia
History of the Netherlands
States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
Dutch Empire
Former colonies in Asia
Bunbury, Western Australia

Bunbury is the third largest city in Western Australia, behind Perth and Mandurah, with a population of 54,967. It is 175 kilometres south of the Perth CBD. It was founded in 1836. Bunbury is connected to Perth via transport by the Transwa Australind passenger train.
Cities in Western Australia
William Robert Graham

William Robert Graham (born June 15, 1937) is an American physicist.
Graham was Chairman of President Reagan's General Advisory Committee on Arms Control from 1982 to 1985, a Deputy Administrator and Acting Administrator of NASA during 1985 and 1986, and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and concurrently Science Adviser to President Reagan from 1986 to 1989. He then served as an executive in national security-related companies.
References
1937 births
Living people
American physicists
Directors of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
Scientists from San Antonio, Texas
Educators from San Antonio, Texas
Ibrahim Nasir

Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan ('ibraahim naasiru rannabandeyri kileygefaanu), KCMG, NGIV (Nishan Ghaazeege 'Izzatheri Veriya, nishaan ghaazeege `i'zaththeri veriyaa) (2 September 1926 - 22 November 2008) was a Maldivian politician. He was Prime Minister of the Maldives under Sultan Muhammad Fareed Didi from December 1957 to 1968 and replaced him to become the first President of the Second Republic from 1968 to 1978.
On 22 November 2008, at the age of 82, Nasir died at Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore.
References
1926 births
2008 deaths
Presidents of the Maldives
Steel Magnolias

Steel Magnolias is a 1989 American romantic comedy-drama movie directed by Herbert Ross and was based on the 1987 play of the same name by Robert Harling. It stars Sally Field, Shirley MacLaine, Dolly Parton, Daryl Hannah, Olympia Dukakis, Julia Roberts (in her Oscar nominated role), Tom Skerritt, Ann Wedgeworth, Sam Shepard, Dylan McDermott and was distributed by Tri-Star Pictures.
Other websites
1989 romantic comedy movies
1989 romantic drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Herbert Ross
Calle Järnkrok

Calle Jarnkrok (born 25 September 1991), nicknamed "Ironhook" is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He currently plays for the Seattle Kraken of the National Hockey League (NHL).
References
1991 births
Living people
Swedish ice hockey players
Nashville Predators players
Seattle Kraken players
1935–36 NHL season

The 1935-36 NHL season was the 19th season of the National Hockey League (NHL). Eight teams each played 48 games. The Detroit Red Wings were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one in the final series.
Regular season
Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes
Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold
Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes
Stanley Cup playoffs
Playoff bracket
NHL awards
All-Star teams
References
Hockey Database
NHL.com
1935 in North America
1936 in North America
2020 Indian general strike

On 26 November 2020, a mass general strike was held across India. Some people have estimated that 250 million (25 crore) people took part in the strike. If that number is correct, then it would be the biggest strike in history. The strike was jointly called by ten central trade unions - Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC), All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS), Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU), All India United Trade Union Centre (AIUTUC), Trade Union Co-ordination Centre (TUCC), Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) and All India Central Council of Trade Unions (AICCTU), Labour Progressive Federation (LPF) and United Trade Union Congress (UTUC).
All over the country, both public and private sector employees participated in the strike. The united front of the over 250 farmers organizations, All India Kisan Sangharsh Co-ordination Committee (AIKSCC), extended support to the trade union strike and the unions extended their support to the farmers' "Chalo Delhi" (Go to Delhi) mobilization on 26 and 27 November. Farmers are protesting against recent anti-farmer laws which would withdraw the government's minimum support price for farm products, with serious implications for farmers' income and livelihoods.
The unions protested against the three new Labour Codes - the Industrial Relations Code Bill, 2020; the Code on Social Security Bill, 2020; and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code Bill, 2020 - that were passed by both houses of the Parliament earlier in 2020.
References
2020 in India
Indian general strike
November 2020 events
December 2020 events
Morgan Wallen

Morgan Wallen (born May 13, 1993) is an American country musician and singer signed to Big Loud Records. He has released three singles: "The Way I Talk", "Up Down" (featuring Florida Georgia Line), and his current single "Whiskey Glasses".
Early life
Wallen was born in Sneedville, Tennessee. His father was a preacher. As a child, Wallen took piano and violin lessons. He played baseball in college but after an injury, he chose to pursue music instead. In 2014, he competed in season 6 of The Voice where he was eliminated.
Career
In late 2016, Wallen signed to Big Loud Records, a label owned by record producer Joey Moi. He released his first single "The Way I Talk" soon after. In addition, he co-wrote the A Thousand Horses single "Preachin' to the Choir". In April 2017, Wallen released a music video for "The Way I Talk". He also joined Florida Georgia Line for set dates on their Dig Your Roots Tour.
On April 27, 2018, Wallen released his first album, If I Know Me. The single from the album, "Up Down", was recorded with Florida Georgia Line. According to Wallen, he and Florida Georgia Line got together as they knew each other, and when FGL heard the single, they became interested in a collaboration. The album's third single "Whiskey Glasses" released to country radio on July 30, 2018.
Discography
Albums
If I Know Me (2018)
Dangerous: The Double Album (2021)
One Thing At A Time (2023)
References
1993 births
21st-century American musicians
American country singers
Country musicians from Tennessee
Living people
Singers from Tennessee
Hugh Rossi

Sir Hugh Alexis Louis Rossi, KCSG, KHS, FKC (21 June 1927 - April 2020) was a British Conservative politician. He was Minister for Disabled People from 1981 to 1983 during the cabinet of Margaret Thatcher.
He was a councillor on Hornsey Borough Council, serving from 1956 to 1965. Rossi was Member of Parliament (MP) for Hornsey from 1966 to 1983, and (after boundary changes) for Hornsey and Wood Green, 1983 to 1992.
Rossi died in April 2020 at the age of 92.
References
1927 births
2020 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
UK MPs 1966-1970
UK MPs 1970-1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974-1979
UK MPs 1979-1983
UK MPs 1983-1987
UK MPs 1987-1992
Plovercrest

The plovercrest (Stephanoxis lalandi) is a species of hummingbird. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Its habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and degraded former forest. The Plovercrest has a blue chest, green back and white flanks.
References
BirdLife International 2004. Stephanoxis lalandi. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 10 July 2007.
Birds of South America
Hummingbirds
Guimaëc

Guimaec () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Finistere
Galactic habitable zone

Galactic habitable zone is a habitable zone in astronomy and astrobiology, where life is most likely to occur in any galaxy. The concept of a habitable zone uses many things, like metalicity, presence of chemicals that life requires, and uses these to find out which regions of a galaxy are more likely to form rocky planets, that can develop simple life, and provide a suitable environment for this life to evolve and grow. According to research published in August 2015, very large galaxies may favor the development of habitable planets more than small galaxies like the Milky Way.
Astrobiology
Astronomical phenomena
Ajibade Babalade

Ajibade Kunde Babalade (29 March 1972 - 4 September 2020) was a Nigerian footballer. He played as a defender. He was Team Chef of Shooting Stars FC. From 1990 to 1998, he played for the national team.
In October 2008, he was named as manager of the Shooting Stars F.C..
Babalade died on 4 September 2020, aged 48.
References
1972 births
2020 deaths
Nigerian footballers
Nigerian football managers
Tepuihyla rodriguezi

Rodriguez's Amazon tree frog, Senaris' tree frog, Kaieteur Tepui tree frog, or Gorzula's Amazon tree frog (Tepuihyla rodriguezi) is a frog. It lives in Venezuela and Guyana. Scientists have seen it between 366 and 2440 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of South America
Origin story

In entertainment, an origin story is a story that tells how a character or group of characters became the way they are. Very often, it adds to the main story. In comic books, an origin story explains how certain characters obtained the powers they have (often superpowers), or how they became a hero or villain. When the comic or book is successful and grows older, origin stories are often rewritten and extended.
Literature
Danish Canadians

Danish Canadians (Danish: Dansk-canadiere) are Canadian citizens of Danish ancestry. According to the 2006 Census, there were 200,035 Canadians with Danish background, 17,650 of whom were born in Denmark.
References
Ethnic groups in Canada
T-Pain

Faheem Rashad Najm (born September 30, 1984), better known by his stage name T-Pain, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer.
His first album, Rappa Ternt Sanga, was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second album, Epiphany. It reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart. His third album, Three Ringz, was released in 2008. The albums included a string of hit singles, including "I'm Sprung", "I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)", "Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')", "Bartender", "Can't Believe It", and "5 O'Clock". T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards from 12 nominations, one with Kanye West for "Good Life" and the other with Jamie Foxx for "Blame It". He was the winner in season 1 of the Masked Singer as "Monster".
T-Pain is the founder of his record label Nappy Boy Entertainment, established in 2005. Throughout his career as a singer, T-Pain popularized the creative use of the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect, used with extreme parameter settings to create distinctive vocal sounds. From 2006 to 2010, T-Pain was featured on more than 50 chart topping singles. His most successful feature to date was on Flo Rida's first single "Low". The single has since been certified 6x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
References
Other websites
Official website
Nappy Boy Records
1984 births
Living people
American contemporary R&B singers
American hip hop singers
Businesspeople from Florida
Reality show winners
Rappers from Florida
Singers from Florida
African-American singers
African-American rappers
American singer-songwriters
American record producers
Pop rappers
Thomas Rhett

Thomas Rhett is an American singer and songwriter. In 2013
he had his first number one song on Billboard's Country Airplay music chart.
Early life
Rhett was born on March 30, 1990 in Valdosta, Georgia.
Discography
Singles
"Country Again" (2021)
Studio albums
It Goes Like This (2013)
Tangled Up (2015)
Life Changes (2017)
Center Point Road (2019)
Country Again: Side A (2021)
Where We Started (2022)
Country Again: Side B (2022)
Sources
Singers from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Georgia (U.S. state)
American singer-songwriters
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S state)
Badlands of Montana

Badlands of Montana is a 1957 American western movie directed by Daniel B. Ullmann and starring Rex Reason, Margia Dean, Keith Larsen, Emile Meyer, Beverly Garland, William Edward Phipps. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1957 movies
1950s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
20th Century Fox movies
Candlemas

Candlemas is the feast of the purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It is celebrated on February 2. Candles are blessed on this day. Many people celebrate this holiday by eating crepes and tamales.
Roman Catholicism
Christian holidays
February events
Angus Macfadyen

Angus Macfadyen (born 21 September 1963) is a Scottish actor. His roles include Robert the Bruce, both in Braveheart and Robert the Bruce, Jeff Denlon in the Saw franchise, McCreedy in Cameron Crowe's We Bought a Zoo, and biologist James Murray in The Lost City of Z.
References
1963 births
Living people
Scottish movie actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish voice actors
Actors from Edinburgh
Todd Astle

Todd Duncan Astle was born 24 September, 1986 in Palmerston North. He is a New Zealand cricketer who played 5 tests, 9 one-day internationals and 5 twenty20 internationals. He is the son of Alec Astle and is not related to Nathan Astle.
Other websites
1986 births
Living people
New Zealand cricketers
Sportspeople from North Island
Fernando Alonso

Fernando Alonso Diaz (born July 29, 1981 in Oviedo, Spain) is a racing driver in Formula One. He is from Spain. He won his first F1 title in 2005 and then became the youngest ever Formula 1 World Champion at the age of 24.
Alonso drove until 2006 in Formula 1 for the Renault F1-Team, with which he achieved the driver world championship in the year 2005 and had a major part to play in the Renault F1 Team winning the constructor championship in the same year.
The Drivers' Championship was won again by Fernando with Renault F1 for the second year in a row in 2006 (interestingly, had Alonso not become the youngest World Champion in 2005, he would have still achieved this feat with his 2006 victory) edging out Michael Schumacher of Scuderia Ferrari by 13 points. Renault also retained the Constructor's Championship, beating Ferrari by only five points.
In 2007 Alonso joined Team Vodafone McLaren-Mercedes and entered a four-way battle for the World Championship with his team-mate, the rookie Lewis Hamilton, and Ferrari drivers Kimi Raikkonen and Felipe Massa. Halfway through the season, with wins in Sepang and Monaco, Alonso trails his rookie team-mate by 14 points. The second half of the season should prove interesting.
In the second part Alonso won at Europe and Italy but missed the title by 1 point.
Racing record
Career summary
* Season still in progress.
Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.
Season in progress.
References
1981 births
Living people
Spanish Formula One drivers
Formula One current
People from Oviedo
Alexander Ovechkin

Alexander Mikhaylovich Ovechkin (born September 17, 1985) is a Russian professional ice hockey left winger. He plays for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL) and serves as their captain.
Ovechkin was picked first overall in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He also played for the Dynamo Moscow of the RSL from 2001 to 2005 and again in 2012 because of the 2012-13 NHL lockout.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Bold indicates led league
International
References
Other websites
1985 births
Art Ross Trophy winners
Calder Trophy winners
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Living people
Rocket Richard Trophy winners
Russian ice hockey players
Sportspeople from Moscow
Stanley Cup champions
Washington Capitals players
Koji Yoshikawa

Koji Yoshikawa (born 4 July 1973) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992||Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0||0||0
colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0||0||0
colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Shimane Prefecture
Montreal Impact (1992–2011)

Montreal Impact F.C. () was a soccer club in Montreal, Canada. It played from 1992 through 2011. It stopped playing after the 2011 season and was replaced by a Major League Soccer team which is the Montreal Impact.
Canadian soccer teams
1992 establishments in Canada
2011 disestablishments in Canada
Defunct football clubs
ATB

ATB (born as Andre Tanneberger on February 26, 1973 in Freiberg, Saxony, Germany) is a German DJ, musician, and producer of electronic dance music. He is listed as the number 25 top DJ's in the world by DJ Magazine. Some of his famous songs include "Don't Stop", "Renegade" "9 PM (Till I Come)" and "In Love With The DJ".
References
1973 births
Living people
German DJs
Brookline, Vermont

Brookline is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Justo Gallego Martínez

Justo Gallego Martinez (20 September 1925 - 28 November 2021), also known as Don Justo, was a Spanish monk. He was known for building a church buildings in Mejorada del Campo since 1961. Most of the construction materials used were recycled materials. Don Justo dedicated the building to Our Lady of the Pillar (Nuestra Senora del Pilar).
Gallego Martinez died in Madrid on 28 November 2021, at the age of 96.
References
1925 births
2021 deaths
Spanish architects
Monks
Lake Worth Beach, Florida

Lake Worth Beach is a city of Florida in the United States. In 2020, 42,219 people lived there.
References
Cities in Florida
Palm Beach County, Florida
West Low German

West Low German, also known as Low Saxon (German: , literally West Low German, or (in a stricter sense), literally: Low Saxon, Nether-Saxon; ; ) is a variant of Low German (also Low Saxon; German: , , Dutch: ) dialects spoken in parts of the Netherlands, northwestern Germany and southern Denmark (in North Schleswig).
References
German dialects
Languages of Germany
Languages of the Netherlands
Danish culture
Burgess Shale

The Burgess Shale Formation in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia is one of the world's most celebrated fossil sites, the best of its kind. It is famous for the exceptional preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. It is ~505 million years old (Middle Cambrian), one of the earliest soft-parts fossil beds.
The rock unit is a black shale, and crops out at a number of localities near the town of Field in the Yoho National Park.
The Burgess Shale was discovered by palaeontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott in 1909, towards the end of the season's fieldwork. He returned in 1910 with his sons, and established a quarry on the flanks of Fossil Ridge. The fact that fossils were of soft-bodied forms, and the range of organisms new to science, led him to return to the quarry almost every year until 1924. At this point, aged 74, he had got over 65,000 specimens.
Describing the fossils is a vast task, pursued by Walcott until his death in 1927, and continued into the 21st century. Walcott, led by scientific opinion at the time, attempted to categorise all fossils into living taxa. As a result, the fossils were regarded as little more than curiosities at the time. It was not until 1962 that a first-hand reinvestigation of the fossils was attempted, by Alberto Simonetta. This led scientists to recognise that Walcott had barely scratched the surface of information available in the Burgess Shale.
A second quarry (in the same geological formation) was opened. A thorough reassessment of the Burgess Shale showed that the fauna were much more varied and unusual than Walcott had realised. The Royal Ontario Museum now has the largest collection of Burgess Shale material in the world with over 150,000 specimens. Many of the animals present had bizarre anatomical features and only the slightest resemblance to other known animals. Examples include Opabinia, with five eyes and a snout like a vacuum cleaner hose; Nectocaris, and Hallucigenia. This last was originally reconstructed upside down, walking on its spines.
The Burgess Shale was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980. It became part of the Canada Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site in 1984.
Related pages
Cambroraster falcatus
Lagerstatten
References
Lagerstatten
Mountains of British Columbia
Cambrian
Geological formations
Sedimentary rocks
World Heritage Sites in Canada
Millas Mirakel

Millas Mirakel was a pop group in the town of Halmstad, Sweden. The group scored chart successes in Sweden during the late 1980s. One of their more famous songs were Rytmen av ett regn.
Discography
Albums
1987 - Stillbilder
1989 - Hog puls!
Singles
1987 - Rytmen av ett regn / Nyfallen gloria
1989 - Snalla flickor kommer till himmelen...vi andra kommer hur langt som helst / Tom ficka
1989 - Ensam i september / Minnet av din kropp
References
Swedish pop music groups
Northeast India

Northeast India (officially North Eastern Region, NER) refers to the easternmost region of the Republic of India. When India became independent, it was split into the states that are now India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Northeast India lies to the east of Bangladesh.
It includes the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura, which are called the "seven sister states", and seldom also Sikkim.
Provincial symbols of Northeast India regions
Aunt May

May Reilly Parker-Jameson (Aunt May) is a fictional in the Marvel Comics universe and a Spider-Man character. She raises Peter Parker. She was married to Ben Parker until he was shot and killed. Aunt May does not know that Peter Parker is Spider-Man. She thinks that Spider-Man is scary. Aunt May later married John Jonah Jameson, Sr. (the father of J. Jonah Jameson).
She was played by Rosemary Harris in Spider-Man (2002), Spider-Man 2 (2004), and in Spider-Man 3 (2007). She was then played by Sally Field in The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), and The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014). She is played by Marisa Tomei in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies Captain America: Civil War (2016), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), and in Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021).
Other websites
The Women of Marvel Comic's Aunt May Page
Aunt May's Profile at Spiderfan.org
Fictional characters introduced in 1962
Spider-Man movie characters
Marvel Cinematic Universe characters
Marvel Comics supporting characters
Kabanovsky Village Council

Kabanovsky Village Council is a municipality in the Ust-Kalmansky District of the Altai Krai in Russia. It has the status of a rural settlement and an administrative-territorial entity. The administrative center is the village of Kabanovo.
Population
According to the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, the population of the municipality was 1,558 people.
Rural localities in Russia
Aquele Beijo

Aquele Beijo (That Kiss) is a Brazilian historical telenovela. It was first shown in 2011. The series starred Giovanna Antonelli, Ricardo Pereira and Grazi Massafera.
Cast
References
Other websites
2011 television series debuts
Brazilian telenovelas
2010s Brazilian television series
21st-century establishments in Brazil
Juan Carlos Ablanedo

Juan Carlos Ablanedo (born 2 September, 1963) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Sporting Gijon and Spain national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1982-83||rowspan="16"|Sporting Gijon||rowspan="16"|La Liga||1||0
|-
|1983-84||2||0
|-
|1984-85||33||0
|-
|1985-86||34||0
|-
|1986-87||42||0
|-
|1987-88||28||0
|-
|1988-89||18||0
|-
|1989-90||31||0
|-
|1990-91||32||0
|-
|1991-92||0||0
|-
|1992-93||29||0
|-
|1993-94||18||0
|-
|1994-95||34||0
|-
|1995-96||36||0
|-
|1996-97||40||0
|-
|1997-98||21||0
399||0
399||0
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1986||1||0
|-
|1987||0||0
|-
|1988||1||0
|-
|1989||0||0
|-
|1990||1||0
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}
References
1963 births
Living people
Spanish association football goalkeepers
1986 FIFA World Cup players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Che (Cyrillic)

Che (Ch, ch) is the twenty-second letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [tS]. It is transliterated into the Roman alphabet as ch in English and tch in French.
It is read as "c" for words like "switch" or "change" The letter also is used for the "tch" sound.
History
The name for the letter "Che" appears to come from the word for "worm" or "chr'v' (crivi)"
In the Cyrillic numeral system, Che has a value of 90.
Usage of Che
Slavic Languages
In every Cyrillic Slavic language except Russian, che represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate /tS/.
In Russian, the che is more similar to the Mandarin Chinese Pinyin sound for "J" making the "/tc/" sound.
In Serbian, the che makes more of a "ts" sound with the letter "Tsh" making a " /tc/" sound.
Related Characters
4 is a number that is similar in shape to Che.
C is a Roman and Latin letter similar to pronunciation of che.
C is a Latin letter and sound identical to Che.
Ch' is a Cyrillic letter almost identical to Che.
Ch is a Cyrillic letter almost identical to che.
Ch' is a Cyrillic letter almost identical to Che.
or "double che" is a Cyrillic and Old Abkhaz letter similar to Che.
Notes
Ch used to have a role for 60 instead of Ks.
Q used to have a role as 90.
References
Cyrillic letters
Cyrillic script
Microservices

In classical software architecture, the architecture is often layered. There is one layer for the user interface, another for the application logic, and yet another for accessing persistent data (such as a database). In classical software architecture, an application server is used, which will run the different services (such as different entry points of a web site, or different parts of the business application). The problem with this approach is that such application servers often do not scale very well, they need a lot of resources, and services are often tightly coupled.
Microservices are patterns of Software architecture: The approach is similar to the pattern described above, but the services are very small: very often they only provide one or two very specific functions. To get the same situation as above, these services must interact with each other. Very often they do this using RESTful service calls. Each microservice still has the parts of the user interface layer, the application layer, and the layer to access persistent data. Very often, microservices run in an application container. When the load requires it, special software in the application container can be used to run several instances (or copies) of the specific service.
Microservices is a specialization of an implementation approach for service-oriented architectures (SOA) used to build flexible, independently deployable software systems. The microservices approach is a first realisation of SOA that followed the introduction of DevOps and is becoming more popular for building continuously deployed systems.
References
Computer science
Little Hallingbury

Little Hallingbury is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1403 people living in Little Hallingbury.
References
Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Agalychnis spurrelli

The gliding leaf frog, gliding tree frog, Spurrell's tree frog, or pink-sided leaf frog (Agalychnis spurrelli) is a frog that lives in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Costa Rica. Scientists have seen it between 70 and 1199 meters above sea level.
Appearance
Frogs that live in different places are different sizes: Adult male frogs from Costa Rica are 4.8 to 5.6 cm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 6.0 to 7.2 cm long. The frogs that live in Panama are 6.7 to 7.6 cm long and 8.2 and 8.7 cm long. It has webbing on its feet and disks on its toes for climbing.
This frog is different colors during the day and at night: much of its back is light green during the day and dark green at night. This frog often has white spots with black outlines on its back. Some frogs have green stripes and yellow throats.
This frog hides during the day and looks for food at night. This frog climbs up vines by going hand over hand. It can jump and glide from tree to tree by spreading its webbed front and back feet.
Eggs and tadpoles
The female frog leaves 14-67 eggs at a time. She lays them on the upper side of a leaf hanging over a body of water that is not there all year. Sometimes a male frog will scrape them off the leaf. The eggs take six days to hatch. The tadpoles fall into the water and stay near the surface with their mouths facing up.
Predators
Dragonfly nymphs, beetles, and aphids, cicadas, and leafhoppers that live in the water eat the frog's eggs. Green kingfishers eat the tadpoles. Snakes that can climb trees eat the adult frogs.
Threats
The number of frogs living in the wild is going down but it is not endangered now. Scientists think its population is becoming smaller because of habitat loss and humans building farms and cutting down trees in the places this frog lives.
References
Frogs of South America
Bloodline Records

Bloodline Records is a Hip-Hop record label that was started by rapper Earl Simmons (DMX). They are owned by Sony Records, Columbia Records, and Ruff Ryders.
Current artists
DMX
Jinx
Janyce
BZR Royale
Moneyman
Past artists
Yung Berg
Loose Cannon
Kashmir
Big Stan
Related pages
List of record labels
2000 establishments in the United States
American record labels
Companies based in New York City
Hip hop
Anna Tigipko

Anna Tigipko (born May 9, 1984, Dnipro, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian entrepreneur, manager and founder of the neobank izibank.
Biography
Anna was born on May 9, 1984 in Dnipro and in 1997 she moved to Kyiv, where she studied at the gymnasium No. 153. Since 2002 continued her studies abroad at St Edward's School (Oxford).
In 2002-2005 she studied at the European Business School of London.
In 2006-2007 she continued her studies at CASS Business School, City University and obtained a master's degree.
Career
Anna has experience in the financial sector as she helped to develop and launch different projects within TAS Group (Ukraine) including Asset Management company and TAS PHARMA division.
In 2019, Anna initiated the creation of the ukrainian mobile-only bank called izibank. This fintech project was created together with the TAS group, which works under the license of TASKOMBANK. Around $2 million were invested into the project.
Family
Anna is married. She brings up 4 children.
References
Donnersdorf

Donnersdorf is a municipality in Schweinfurt in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Schweinfurt (district)
992

992 (CMXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Africa
The Ghana Empire captures the Berber town of Awdaghost.
Europe
Boleslaus I becomes Duke of Poland.
Battle of Conquereuil: Fulk Nerra defeats Conan I of Rennes, who is killed in the battle.
Viking settlers start a mint in Dublin to make silver pennies.
Deaths
February 1 - Jawhar as-Siqilli, Fatimid politician
February 29 - Oswald of Worcester, Archbishop of York and Bishop of Worcester
May 25 - Mieszko I, duke of Polans
Borrell II, Count of Barcelona
Conan I of Rennes (in battle)
References
Joe Hart

Charles Joseph "Joe" Hart (born 19 April 1987) is an English footballer. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.
References
1987 births
Living people
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
English footballers
Manchester City F.C. players
Sportspeople from Shropshire
UEFA Euro 2012 players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Premier League players
Cherryvale, Kansas

Cherryvale is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 2,367 people lived there.
History
Cherryvale was created on the land of the Osage Indians. The Osage had to leave because veterans of the American Civil War were looking for land. The first white man to buy land and settle in Cherryvale was Mr. Abe Eaton. He later sold his land to the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Kansas Railroad. That railroad became the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railway. It then became the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, which used the line for much of the 20th century. The town site was platted by the railroad in 1871. It was named Cherryvale because of its place in the valley of Cherry Creek.
Between 1871 and 1873, at least eleven people disappeared in an inn and general store operated by the Bender family. It was about eight miles () northeast of Cherryvale. After the Benders disappeared in 1873, it was found that they had killed many travelers. Between eight and eleven bodies were found buried in the area. Governor Thomas A. Osborn offered a reward of $2,000 for anyone who could find and catch the Benders, but they were never found.
The main part of the town was destroyed by fire in 1873, but was soon rebuilt. In 1880, Cherryvale became was incorporated. Natural gas was found here in 1889. Oil was found several years later.
Geography
Cherryvale is at (37.268010, -95.550778). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water. Is self-described as the "Gateway to Big Hill Lake."
Climate
Cherryvale has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Cherryvale has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 2,367 people, 930 households, and 615 families living in Cherryvale.
Famous people
Sam Avey, wrestling promoter
Frank Bellamy (1876-1915), contested author of the Pledge of Allegiance
Louise Brooks, dancer, silent film star, and author
Claude Wendell Horton, Sr., geophysicist, acoustic researcher
Billy Sandow, manager for World Champion Ed "Strangler" Lewis
Vivian Vance, actress who played Ethel Mertz on I Love Lucy
References
Other websites
City
City of Cherryvale
Cherryvale - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 447, local school district
Historical
Cherryvale Museum
Cherryvale History
Historic Images of Cherryvale, Special Photo Collections at Wichita State University Library
Maps
Cherryvale City Map, KDOT
Cities in Montgomery County, Kansas
1871 establishments in Kansas
Martin Bryant

Martin Bryant (born 7 May 1967) is an Australian criminal who killed 35 people in Tasmania in 1996, in the Port Arthur massacre. He is now in prison for the most murders in Australian recorded history.
Bryant has been given a sentence of life in jail for each of the 35 murders. He is never to be released. He is held in solitary confinement (by himself) in Hobart's Risdon Prison.
Martin Bryant is believed to have an IQ (thinking level) of an 11-year-old. Guards and doctors report that his only interest seems to be himself. He has tried to kill himself several times in prison.
References
1967 births
Living people
Australian murderers
Australian prisoners
People convicted of murder
People from Tasmania
Wald, Appenzell Ausserrhoden

Wald is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
United States Chess Federation

The United States Chess Federation (USCF) is the national chess federation in the United States. It is the U.S. member of FIDE. It was established in 1939, and at present It based in Crossville, Tennessee.
USCF organizes or sanctions over 20 national championships. It provides the main rating system for tournament chess in the United States. It does this together with about 2,000 affiliates, mostly chess clubs and local chess organizations. It publishes a magazine, Chess Life, for its members and for general sale. Its membership is about 80,000.
Organisation
President: Ruth Haring
Vice president: Gary Walters
Presidents
1939 - 1942 ; George Sturgis
1943 - 1948 ; Elbert Wagner, Jr.
1948 - 1951 ; Paul Geirs
1951 - 1954 ; Harold M. Phillips
1954 - 1957 ; Frank Graves
1957 - 1960 ; Jerry Spann
1960 - 1963 ; Fred Cramer
1963 - 1966 ; Ed Edmondson
1966 - 1969 ; Marshall Rohland
1969 - 1972 ; Leroy Dubeck
1972 - 1975 ; Frank Skoff
1975 - 1978 ; George Koltanowski
1978 - 1981 ; Gerald Sperling
1981 - 1984 ; Tim Redman
1984 - 1987 ; Steven Doyle
1987 - 1990 ; Harold Winston
1990 - 1993 ; Maxim Dlugy
1993 - 1996 ; Denis Barry
1996 - 1999 ; Don Schultz
1999 - 2000 ; Bob Smith
2000 - 2001 ; Tim Redman
2001 - 2003 ; John McCrary
2003 - 2005 ; Beatriz Marinello
2005 - 2008 ; Bill Goichberg
2009 - 2011 ; Jim Berry
2011 ; Ruth Haring
Other websites
United States Chess Federation (USCF)
1939 establishments in the United States
Chess organizations
Sports organizations of the United States
Ray Bolger

Raymond Wallace Bolger (January 10, 1904 - January 15, 1987) was an American singer, dancer, and actor. He was born in Boston. His theatrical career started in vaudeville. He appeared in Broadway shows. He went to Hollywood. He appeared in several movies. He played the Scarecrow in the 1939 MGM movie The Wizard of Oz. He married Gwen Rickard in 1929, but they didn't have children. Bolger died of bladder cancer in Los Angeles, California, five days after his 83rd birthday.
References
American dancers
American movie actors
Deaths from bladder cancer
Actors from Boston
1904 births
1987 deaths
Arthur Meighen

Arthur Meighen (; 16 June 1874 - 5 August 1960) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the ninth prime minister of Canada, in office from July 1920 to December 1921 and again from June to September 1926.
1874 births
1960 deaths
Prime Ministers of Canada
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Canadian King's Counsel
University of Toronto alumni
Albert Viaplana

Albert Viaplana (c. 1933 - 16 May 2014) was a Spanish architect and author. He is known for creating the Center of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona (CCCB), the Plaza de Sants and dock Xoan XXIII Avenue of Santiago de Compostela. He won many awards during his career. His career has spanned for nearly 50 years.
Viaplana died in Barcelona, Spain, aged 81.
References
1933 births
2014 deaths
Spanish architects
Writers from Barcelona
Leo Esaki

Reona Esaki (Jiang Qi Ling Yu Nai Esaki Reona, born March 12, 1925), also known as Leo Esaki, is a Japanese physicist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian David Josephson. He won the prize for his discovery of the phenomenon of electron tunneling.
He is known for his invention of the Esaki diode, which exploited that phenomenon. This research was done when he was with Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (now known as Sony). He has also contributed in being a pioneer of the semiconductor superlattice while he was with IBM.
Esaki was born on March 12, 1925 in Osaka, Japan. He studied at the University of Tokyo.
References
Other websites
Leo Esaki - Biography. Retrieved Aug. 5, 2003 from http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/esaki-bio.html
IBM record
IEEE History Center - Leo Esaki. Retrieved Jul. 19, 2011 from http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Leo_Esaki
Sony History - The Esaki Diode. Retrieved Aug. 5, 2003 from http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-7/h5.html
Freeview video 'An Interview with Leo Esaki' by the Vega Science Trust
1925 births
Living people
Japanese physicists
People from Osaka
Japanese Nobel Prize winners
University of Tokyo alumni
American physicists
Japanese inventors
Kyoto University alumni
Kyoto University faculty
Nobel Prize in Physics winners
Theoretical physicists
Ole Kirk Christiansen

Ole Kirk Christiansen (7 April 1891 - 11 March 1958) was the founder of Lego in 1949.
Christiansen was born on 7 April 1891 in Filskov, Denmark. He first worked as a carpenter and later started creating unsuccessful toys for kids in Denmark after his wife's death and had to raise four of his children on his own. He was working as a carpenter until creating Lego in 1949. Christiansen died on 11 March 1958 from a heart attack, aged 66.
References
Other websites
The official Lego website
1891 births
1958 deaths
Carpenters
Danish businesspeople
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Inventors
Poiroux

Poiroux is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Communes in Vendee
Singing Stars

Singing Stars () is an 2019 Tamil language singing reality TV show, that airs on Colors Tamil starting on 16 March 2019. The judges are Ananthu, playback singer Santhosh Narayanan and Shakthisree Gopalan, and the show is hosted by Keerthi Shanthanu and Vijay.
References
Other websites
Colors Tamil Official Facebook in Tamil
Colors Tamil Official Youtube Channel in Tamil
Tamil-language television series
2019 television series debuts
Stephen Paddock

Stephen Craig Paddock (April 9, 1953 - October 1, 2017) was an American mass murderer.
Paddock killed 60 and injured 489 people during a country music festival on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada on October 1, 2017. After being discovered by the police in Mandalay Bay resort, he committed suicide by shooting himself.
According to police, Paddock acted alone. His motive remains unknown. There has been some discussion around brain pathology.
He was born in Clinton, Iowa and grew up in Tucson, Arizona and Sun Valley, Los Angeles. He lived in Mesquite, Nevada, and was a retired accountant.
His father Benjamin Hoskins Paddock (1926-1998) was a bank robber.
References
NBC News
1953 births
2017 deaths
Accountants
American atheists
American aviators
American murderers
Businesspeople from Tucson, Arizona
Businesspeople from Iowa
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Criminals from California
Murderers who committed suicide
Suicide in 2017
Suicides by firearm in the United States
D.C. United Academy

The D.C. United Academy is a program for young soccer players that is run by D.C. United, a pro soccer team that plays in Major League Soccer. The "Academy" trains these young soccer players to possibly one day play soccer either in a pro league or in college.
D.C. United's Academy has several different levels, including, a U-23 team, a U-18 team, a U-16 team and then "Pre-Academy" teams. Pre-Academy teams are for players who are not yet part of the Academy on a normal schedule.
The teams compete in the United States Soccer Federations' Development Academy league.
Other websites
D.C. United Academy
Soccer in the United States
Josh Hamilton

Joshua Holt Hamilton (born May 21, 1981, in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American professional baseball player who is currently a free agent. He has played for the Cincinnati Reds, Texas Rangers, and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim of Major League Baseball (MLB). In the 2010 season he was named American League MVP. He chose to play for the Angels after they offered him a 5-year contract, worth $125 million.
On April 27, 2015, the Angels traded Hamilton back to the Rangers.
References
Other websites
1981 births
American baseball players
Cincinnati Reds players
Living people
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players
Sportspeople from Raleigh, North Carolina
Texas Rangers players
Ernesto Geisel

Ernesto Beckmann Geisel (, ; August 3, 1907 - September 12, 1996) was a Brazilian Army officer and politician. He was President of Brazil from 1974 to 1979, during the Brazilian military government.
References
1907 births
1996 deaths
Cancer deaths in Brazil
Presidents of Brazil
Ivan Ustinov

Ivan Lavrentevich Ustinov (; 1 January 1920 - 15 January 2020) was a Soviet intelligence officer. He had many posts in Soviet military counterintelligence, reaching the rank of general-lieutenant. He was Third Directorate of the KGB and Office of Special Divisions of the KGB for the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany.
Ustinov died in Moscow on 15 January 2020 at the age of 100.
References
1920 births
2020 deaths
Russian centenarians
KGB people
Soviet military people