pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bose Corporation

Bose Corporation is a company that makes speakers and audio products. It is based in Framingham, Massachusetts in the United States. Bose Corporation was founded by Dr. Amar Bose, a sound engineer.
Other websites
American technology companies
Companies based in Massachusetts
1964 establishments in the United States
Imre Petneházy

Imre Petnehazy was a Hungarian epee fencer and modern pentathlete from Serbia. Imre competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics. He was born on April 13, 1905 and died on September 23, 1972.
References
Other websites
1905 births
1972 deaths
Hungarian fencers
Hungarian modern pentathletes
Hungarian Olympians
Andrej Marinc

Andrej Marinc (born October 4, 1930) is a Slovenian politician who served as the president of the executive council of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia from November 27, 1972, to April 1978. He was born in Celje, Slovenia, and was a member of the League of Communists of Slovenia. He was preceded by Stane Kavcic and succeeded by Anton Vratusa.
Biography & other information/informations
Andrej Marinc was born on October 4, 1930 in Celje. He graduated from the Faculty of Agriculture in Ljubljana. He became a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1947.
He has been a socio-political worker since 1960, and held many positions:
Secretary of the Municipal Committee of SK Celje
Secretary of the Regional Committee of SK Celje
President of the District Committee of the Socialist Union of the Working People of Slovenia
member of the Executive Committee of the Central Committee of the Union of Communists of Slovenia
Secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of Slovenia
representative of the Republic in the National Assembly of Slovenia
member of the commission of the SKJ Presidency for internal issues and development of social relations
member of the Conference of the SK organization in the Yugoslav People's Army
member of the Commission of the Central Committee of the Slovenian People's Resistance
President of the Executive Council of the National Assembly of the SR of Slovenia from November 27, 1972 to April 1978
Chairman of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the Union of Communists of Slovenia from April 1982 to May 1986
member of the Presidency of the SR of Slovenia from 1986 to 1990
1930 births
Living people
Slovenian politicians
Supporters' Shield

The Supporters' Shield is an award given to the MLS team that had the most points in the regular season. It was first given out in 1999, and has since been seen as a major trophy. Before 1999, the winners of the regular season won nothing but a spot in the MLS Cup semifinals.
Winners
Other websites
What is the Supporters' Shield?
Soccer in the United States
SummerSlam (2007)

SummerSlam (2007) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on August 26, 2007 at Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey. It was the twentieth SummerSlam event held by the WWE.
The main event saw John Cena defeat Randy Orton and successfully defended his WWE Championship.
Matches
References
Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2007 website
2007 in professional wrestling
Sports in New Jersey
SummerSlam
2007 in New Jersey
August 2007 events
Diamond City, Arkansas

Diamond City is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Ventavon

Ventavon is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
Population
Transport
Road
The D21, D21A, D942 and D1085 roads pass through the commune.
The A51 autoroute also passes through Ventavon.
Location
The commune borders the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department.
References
Communes in Hautes-Alpes
Claudio Bonadio

Claudio Bonadio (1 February 1956 - 4 February 2020) was an Argentine judge. He was in charge of Federal Criminal and Correctional Court No. 11 from 1994 until his death. He was a critic of Presidents of Argentina Fernando de la Rua, Nestor Kirchner and Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner. He was considered to be a key suspected of a car bomb attack against the Argentine Israel Mutual Association (AMIA) and was a key figure of the bribe scandal.
References
1956 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Argentine politicians
Argentine judges
Hajime Ishii

was a Japanese politician. He was in the Diet (national legislature) for 39 years between 1969 and 2013. He was born in Kobe, Japan. During his time in the Diet he was the head of the National Land Agency for six months in 1989 to 1990 and as Minister for Home Affairs for two months in 1994.
Ishii died on June 4, 2022 from heart failure in Tokyo, Japan at the age of 87.
References
1934 births
2022 deaths
Japanese politicians
Deaths from heart failure
Agrigento

Agrigento () is a city in the region of Sicily in southern Italy. It is also the capital of the Province of Agrigento. There are many relics there from the ancient Greeks and the Roman empire.
References
Capital cities in Italy
Cities in Sicily
Blairstown, Iowa

Blairstown is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Edmonton (disambiguation)

Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province Alberta. It may also refer to:
Cities and towns
Edmonton Capital Region, Canada
Edmonton, London, United Kingdom
Edmonton (hundred), an ancient hundred in north Middlesex
Municipal Borough of Edmonton, a local government (1850-1965)
Edmonton, Kentucky, United States
Edmonton, Queensland, Australia
Electoral districts
Edmonton (electoral district), Canadian federal riding between 1903 and 1914
Edmonton (N.W.T. electoral district), a Canadian riding in the Northwest Territories from 1883 to 1905
Edmonton (provincial electoral district), Alberta provincial electoral district from 1905-1909 and 1921-1955
Edmonton (UK Parliament constituency), the Parliamentary constituency corresponding to Edmonton, London
Edmonton-Castle Downs Alberta provincial electoral district
Edmonton Centre Canadian federal electoral district
Edmonton-Ellerslie Alberta provincial electoral district
Edmonton-Whitemud Alberta provincial electoral district
Religion
Diocese of Edmonton
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton
Sports
Edmonton Eskimos
Edmonton Oil Kings
Edmonton Oilers
Edmonton Rush
Other
96193 Edmonton, an asteroid
Edmonton Green railway station, a railway station
Edmonton tornado, a large tornado
, a vessel of the Canadian Forces
West Edmonton Mall, a shopping mall
Related pages
Edmontosaurus, a dinosaur
Chang Gung University

Chang Gung University is a university in Taiwan. It was named after Wang Chang-gung, YC Wang's father. The main campus is in Taoyuan City. It was founded in 1987.
Other websites
CGU
C
1987 establishments in Asia
1980s establishments in Taiwan
Quranic studies

Quranic studies is the study of the Quran. The Quran is the holy book of Islam.
Quran
1894 Toronto municipal election

Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Canada, on January 1, 1894. Warring Kennedy was elected, defeating Mayor Robert John Fleming, who was seeking a third term. Kennedy's upset was credited to the increased turnout by Methodists due to the plebiscite on Prohibition as well as the strong organized support for Kennedy by the Protestant Protective Association and the Orange Order.
Toronto mayor
Results
Warring Kennedy - 13,830
Robert John Fleming (incumbent) - 9,306
Source:
Plebiscite
Under the Prohibition Plebiscite Act, a plebiscite was held across the province, in conjunction with municipal elections, on the prohibition of the importation, manufacture, and sale alcohol. For this plebiscite, unmarried women, and widows, were allowed to vote - approximately 5,000 women in Toronto - of which 1,117 did so. Men and women were given different colours, which were counted separately. The plebiscite did not result in the enactment of prohibition legislation by the province, however, as in 1896, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council disallowed provincial authority over the importation of alcohol.
Prohibition
For - 10,532 (men); 875 (women) - 11,407 (total)
Against - 8,637 (men); 242 (women) - 8,879 (total)
Source:
Aldermen elected to City Council
Four alderman were elected to sit on Toronto City Council in each of six wards. Seven aldermen from the outgoing Toronto City Council retired while 17 sought re-election. Of those, 12 were re-elected and five were defeated.
First Ward
W.T. Stewart (incumbent) - 1,098
Thomas Allen - 1,024
H.R. Frankland - 927
C.C. Small (incumbent) - 905
Peter Macdonald - 901
John Knox Leslie (incumbent) - 862
Ernest A. Macdonald - 805
E.A. Forster - 580
Thomas Davies (incumbent) - 536
S.A. Heakes - 336
Second Ward
John Hallam (incumbent) - 1,997
Daniel Lamb (incumbent) - 1,942
Thomas Hewitt (incumbent) - 1,401
P.H. Drayton - 1,065
George Anderson - 1,029
Thomas Foster - 1,027
Francis Stephens Spence - 1,020
Daniel Kelly - 936
David Carlyle - 892
Adam Beatty - 434
Third Ward
John Shaw (incumbent) - 3,649
George McMurrich (incumbent) - 2,472
J. Enoch Thompson - 2,117
O.B. Sheppard - 1,887
R.L. Fraser - 1,726
Richard John Score - 1,616
W.R. Clarke - 886
C.A. Muerrie - 305
Fourth Ward
William Burns (incumbent) - 2,011
Wm. P. Hubbard - 1,993
James Jolliffe (incumbent) - 1,600
James Crane - 1,458
George Verral (incumbent) - 1,381
W.G. Harris - 1,123
John McCaffrey - 1,014
M. B. Alison - 986
Alex R. Williamson - 960
John Ward - 511
John Dill - 340
Fifth Ward
Thomas Crawford (incumbent) - 2,671
John Bailey (incumbent) - 2,015
John Dunn - 1,960
Andrew Bates - 1,635
Daniel Kennedy - 841
Francis H. Woods - 821
Alanson Cody Winton - 481
John Aldridge - 349
William J. Smith - 282
J.B. Hay - 116
Lindsay - 30
Sixth Ward
W.F. Atkinson 1,212
John J. Graham 1,105
James Gowanlock - 897
Thomas Murray (incumbent) - 894
J.E. Verral (incumbent) - 732
John Maloney (incumbent) - 719
Sturgeon Stewart - 699
H.M. East - 643
Charles L. Denison - 592
John F. McCrae - 583
Source: and
References
Municipal elections in Toronto
1894
Gentile

A Gentile is a person who is not Jewish. It is polite to use this word when needed to describe a person who is not Jewish, as in "my friend Robert is a Gentile." Up until about a hundred years ago, it was very hard (and unlikely) for Jews and Gentiles to be close friends. This is because they would be expected to ask each other over for dinner, but Jews follow strict laws about what they can and cannot eat. They can only eat what is kosher.
Related pages
Goy
Israelite
Judaism
Saved by the Bell

Saved by the Bell is an American sitcom. It aired on NBC on Saturday mornings from August 1989 to May 1993. The show performed extremely well, although many TV critics did not like it. The show is set in Los Angeles at a fictional high school.
1989 American television series debuts
1993 American television series endings
1980s American sitcoms
1990s American sitcoms
1990s teen television series
American teen comedy television series
High school television series
NBC network shows
Television series about friendship
Television series set in Los Angeles
English-language television programs
IZarc

IZArc is a file archiver for Microsoft Windows developed by Bulgarian programmer Ivan Zahariev. The program is freeware, but not open source. IZarc can open the most commonly used archive formats, like zip, rar, gzip, tar.gz, bzip2, and 7z, and others many less common formats (48 in total). IZarc has an integration in Windows Explorer and has an Virus Scan feature. IZarc can also do CD image conversions.
Formats
IZArc (as of version 3.81) can support and open the following file formats: 7z, A, ACE, ARC, ARJ, B64, BH,
BIN, BZ2, BZA, C2D, CAB, CDI, CPIO, DEB, ENC, GCA, GZ, GZA, HA, IMG, ISO, IZE, JAR, LHA, LIB, LZH, MBF, MDF,
MIM, NRG, PAK, PDI, PK3, RAR, RPM, TAR, TAZ, TBZ, TGZ, TZ, UUE, WAR, XXE, YZ1, Z, ZIP, ZOO.
Problems
IZArc does not support ISO editing and does not support Unicode.
Portable version
IZArc is also available as a portable application called IZArc2Go. It includes all features and functions of the permanently installed version, except explorer "shell-menu" and the ability to associate file types with it.
Awards
It has been awarded by several well-known download sites, such as FileTransit, SnapFiles, SoftNews, Softpedia, WebAttack, because is a software user friendly and can open many formats.
Related pages
Comparison of file archivers
Other websites
IZSoftware
Software
Ovodda

Ovodda (Ovodda) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,602 people lived there. Its area is 40.85 km2. It is 751 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Date honey

Date honey or Date syrup (in Arabic: Rub, in Hebrew: Silan) is a sweet syrup made from dates. It is very popular in North Africa and Middle East cuisines. In the Iranian cuisine and the Arab cuisine, it is also used to sweeten Tahini.
Other websites
Middle Eastern foods
Libya
Iraq
Palestinian culture
Israeli culture
Spreads
Natural resources
Governor of North Dakota

The Governor of North Dakota is the head of the executive branch of government of North Dakota and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.
There is no limit to the number of terms a governor may serve, if elected.
Related pages
List of Governors of North Dakota
References
Danielle Hill

Danielle Hill is a swimmer from Northern Ireland. Hill competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She was born on 27 September 1999.
References
Other websites
1999 births
Living people
Irish swimmers
Irish Olympians
Sportspeople from Belfast
Hurricane Hanna

Hurricane Hanna was the deadliest tropical cyclone of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm caused 537 deaths across the Caribbean, the Bahamas and United States. The winds peaked around 80 miles per hour as the storm went on. Hanna struck eastern South Carolina as a strong tropical storm and moved up the United States East Coast. Despite being extremely deadly, the name Hanna was not retired.
Deadly storms
2008 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricanes in Haiti
Hurricanes in New England
Hurricanes in North Carolina
Hurricanes in South Carolina
Hurricanes in Virginia
Hurricanes in New York (state)
Second inauguration of Richard Nixon

The second inauguration of Richard Nixon as the 37th president of the United States happened on January 20, 1973. It was the start of the second and final term of Richard Nixon as president and Spiro Agnew as vice president.
A public ceremony happened on the East Front of the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The event was the 47th presidential inauguration.
Both Nixon and Agnew did not complete their terms in office. Agnew resigned in October 1973 and was replaced by Gerald Ford in December 1973, while Nixon resigned in August 1974, making Ford become the president.
Nixon is the first and, as of 2020, only person to be inaugurated four times as both president and vice president.
Chief Justice Warren E. Burger administered the oath of office to both Nixon and Agnew.
On January 22, 1973, two days after Nixon's second inauguration, Lyndon B. Johnson, the president before Nixon, died of a heart attack. He was 64.
References
Other websites
Video of Nixon's Second Inaugural Address from hulu.com (with audio)
Text of Nixon's Second Inaugural Address
Audio of Nixon's Second Inaugural Address
1970s in the United States
Richard Nixon
Nixon, Richard
January events
Hector Busby

Sir Hector "Hec" Busby (1 August 1932 - 11 May 2019) was a New Zealand Maori navigator and waka builder. He is also known by his Maori name Heke-nuku-mai-nga-iwi Puhipi. He built 26 traditional waka, a Maori canoe. He sailed over 30,000 nautical miles in the Pacific including Hawaii, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, New Caledonia and Norfolk Island. He was award many honours for services to Maori people, including Member of the Order of the British Empire (1994), Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit (2014) and Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (2018).
Busby died on 11 May 2019, at the age of 86.
References
1932 births
2019 deaths
Engineers
Knights
Members of the Order of the British Empire
New Zealand Maori people
Sailors
Nagareyama-ōtakanomori Station

Nagareyama-otakanomori Station (Liu Shan ootakanoSen Yi ,nagareyamaootakanomorieki) is a Railway station of Tobu Railway and Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company in Nagareyama, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
Adjacent stations
Tobu Railway
Tobu Noda Line
Hatsuishi - Nagareyama-otakanomori - Toyoshiki
Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company
Tsukuba Express
Rapid
Minami-Nagareyama (10) - Nagareyama-otakanomori (12) - Moriya (15)
Seni-Rapid
Minami-Nagareyama (10) - Nagareyama-otakanomori (12) - Kashiwanoha-campus (13)
Local
Nagareyama-centralpark (11) - Nagareyama-otakanomori (12) - Kashiwanoha-campus (13)
Railway stations in Chiba Prefecture
Smyrna, Georgia

Smyrna is a city in Cobb County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 51,271.
References
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Solbiate Arno

Solbiate Arno is a comune in the Province of Varese in the Lombardy region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Emmerdale

Emmerdale is a British soap opera. It is set in a made-up village called Emmerdale, called Beckindale until 1994, in the Yorkshire Dales. The plot is focused on things that happen in and around The Woolpack, the main village pub. It is on ITV every weekday at 7.30pm. It was called Emmerdale Farm until 1989. The show first started in 1972 and was created by Kevin Laffan, making it Britain's second oldest soap opera after Coronation Street. It is one of the most popular television programmes in Britain. Emmerdale has won many awards including one BAFTA. King Charles III did a statement marking on the 50th anniversary of Emmerdale.
Characters
Other websites
1972 television series debuts
1970s British television series debuts
1980s British drama television series
1990s British drama television series
2000s British drama television series
2010s British drama television series
British soap operas
British LGBT television programmes
LGBT drama television series
ITV television programmes
Television shows set in Yorkshire
English-language television programs
Speciesism

Speciesism is thinking that humans are better than animals (although humans are technically also animals). It is also treating animals worse than humans. For example, humans often kill animals to eat. Humans rarely kill and eat other humans. The word 'speciesism' was first used in 1970 by Richard D. Ryder, an English philosopher, in a pamphlet called "Speciesism". It was made popular by Peter Singer's 1975 book Animal Liberation. In the book the name of the fifth chapter was "Man's Dominion ... a short history of speciesism". The word 'speciesism' was first put in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1985.
Media
In 2013 a documentary movie about speciesism called Speciesism: The Movie was released. It was made by Mark Devries. In it he compares factory farming to slavery and the Holocaust.
References
Animal rights
Discrimination
T Persei

T Persei is a red supergiant located in the constellation Perseus.
References
Red giants
Snout-vent length

Snout-vent length (SVL) is the length of an animal's body. It is measured from the tip of its snout to its rear end. The snout is the part of the face at the front. Snout-vent length does not count the tail or any teeth or tusks.
So, in a frog, it is the length of the frog's body but not the frog's legs. For turtles, scientists use carapace length (CL, the length of the shell) and plastral length (PL) instead.
The SVL can change depending on whether the animal is alive, dead, moving, or still. It can change if scientists have used chemicals to stop its dead body from rotting. Scientists also use snout-vent length on fossils. With fossils, they use osteological correlate, which is a way the bone can match the rest of the body. Precaudal length is one osteological correlate. A scientist can look at the animal's SVL, weight, and body and may be able to tell if it is male or female or how old it is.
Advantages
Scientists use snout-vent length instead of the animal's whole body length because it does not change much. In some animals, young ones do not have tails or do not have large tails.
Methods
The scientist or other person can measure snout-vent length with dial calipers or digital calipers.
The scientist can use other tools to hold the animal still. For example, snake tubes, "Mander Mashers," or a "Salamander Stick."
Limitations
The term is useful for mammals. It's not so useful for animals where the tail is an important part of the body. For example, fish have tails that are parts of their bodies. But horses and elephants use their tails to hit flies but not much else. Dinosaurs that walk on two legs are a good example too. It took a long time for dinosaur scientists to understand this. Snake tails go far past their vent.
References
Further reading
Amphibians
Measurement
Canistota, South Dakota

Canistota is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in McCook County, and 656 people lived there at the 2010 census. Canistota became a city in 1883.
References
Other websites
City of Canistota website
Cities in South Dakota
1883 establishments in Dakota Territory
Excitation (magnetic)

Excitation is a process to create a magnetic field from electric current. This process is used in electric machines (generators or motors) whose rotor spins in a magnetic field. This magnetic field can come from a permanent magnet or field coils. In the case of electric machine with field coils, a current must flow to the coil to generate the magnetic field, so that the field coils can act as a "magnet", like in the case of electric machine with permanent magnet. The device in which excitation happens is called the exciter.
Electricity
Isabelle Huppert

Isabelle Anne Madeleine Huppert (born March 16, 1953) is a French actress. She is known for her roles in Violette Noziere, La pianist, and in Amour.
Huppert was born on March 16, 1953 in Paris, France. She as raised in Ville-d'Avray. Huppert studied at National Conservatory of Dramatic Art of Paris. She was married to Ronald Chammah since 1982. They had three children.
References
Other websites
Isabelle Huppert at filmsdefrance.com
Satellite Award winners
1953 births
Living people
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
French voice actors
Actors from Paris
Spore

Spores are the way fungi and some non-seed plants (ferns and mosses) reproduce. They are also made by bacteria for long-term survival. Some protozoa also make long-term survival spores.
The spores of seed plants are single cells that grow into a pollen grain or the gametophyte inside the ovule. The structure of seeds in higher plants is more complicated than spores. The main 'innovation' of seeds is their nutrition for the developing embryo, which spores do not have.
Fungal spores
Fungi (for example, mushrooms) produce spores, which may be asexual or sexual. The asexual spores have inside them the genetic material to make a whole new organism identical to its parent.
Conidia are asexual, non-motile spores of a fungus; they are also called mitospores due to the way they are generated through the cellular process of mitosis. They are haploid cells genetically identical to the haploid parent, can develop into a new organism if conditions are favorable, and serve in dispersal.
Asexual reproduction in Ascomycetes (the Phylum Ascomycota) is by the formation of conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores. The morphology of these specialized conidiophores is often distinctive of a specific species and can therefore be used in identification of the species.
Germination
Sporangia
Bacterial spores
Bacterial spores are extremely resistant. Spores of tetanus and anthrax, for example, can survive in the soil for many years. The origin of these spores was discovered in the 19th century, when a biologist noticed, under the microscope, a small, round, bright body inside bacterial cells. This survived even when the bacteria were boiled for five minutes. This killed the bacteria, but not the spores. They germinated when conditions were right.p186
Plant spores
Plants have alternation of generations. One of the generations is the sporophyte, which produces spores by meiosis, and the other is the gametophyte with produces gametes.
References
Plant anatomy
Fungi
Bacteria
Biological reproduction
Melody Anderson

Melody Anderson (born December 3, 1955) is an Canadian singer, actress and public speaker. Her roles in movies happened mostly in the 1960s and 1970s, though she continued acting until around the mid 1990s. Anderson was born in Edmonton, Alberta.
Canadian movie actors
Canadian singers
1955 births
Living people
Wall

A wall is a vertical dividing surface. It divides space in buildings into rooms or protects buildings. It is usually made of stone or brick. Walls have two main purposes: to support the top part of buildings, and to divide space, giving protection from invasion, escape, and weather.
Before powerful artillery was invented, many cities had protective walls. Since they are not suitable for defense any more, most city walls have been removed.
The term "the Wall" usually referred to the Berlin Wall, built during the Cold War, which fell in 1989, but may also refer to the Pink Floyd album of the same name.
Sealing people behind walls, in the form of immurement has historically been a method of human sacrifice and punishment.
Retaining wall
A retaining wall is a structure made to hold soil from collapsing. It is made in special areas for any other construction work, such as farming or road making.
Types of retaining wall are:
Anchored wall
Cantilever wall
Gravity wall
Piling wall
Main type of walls
Load Bearing Wall is a structural element. It carries the weight of a house from the roof and upper floors, all the way to the foundation. It supports structural members like beams, slab and walls on above floors.
Non-Load Bearing Wall doesn't help the structure to stand up and holds up only itself. It doesn't support floor roof loads above. It is a framed structure. Most are interior walls whose purpose is to divide the structure into rooms.
Partition Wall separates spaces from buildings. It can be solid, constructed from brick or stone. It is a framed construction. The partition wall is secured to the floor, ceiling, and walls. It is enough strong to carry its own load. It resists impact. It is stable and strong to support wall fixtures. The partition wall works as a sound barrier and it is fire resistant.
Cavity Wall A cavity wall or hollow wall consists of two separate walls, called leaves or skins, with a cavity or gap in-between. The two leaves of the cavity wall may be of equal thickness if it a non-load-bearing wall or the internal leaf may be thicker than the external leaf, to meet the structural requirements.
Veneered Wall holds up the material. It can be made of brick or stone. The most famous veneered wall is made of brick. The wall is only one wythe thick. It became the norm when building codes began to require insulation in interior walls. It is light weighted. Veneered walls can be built quickly.
Related pages
Fire wall
Wallpaper
Great Wall of China
References
Basic English 850 words
David Vitter

David Vitter (born May 3, 1961) is an American politician, lawyer and lobbyist. He was the United States Senator from Louisiana from 2005 to 2017. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 2005. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005.
Vitter was born on November 17, 1961 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He studied at Harvard University, at Magdalen College, Oxford, and at Tulane University. He is married to Wendy Baldwin. They have four children.
References
Other websites
1961 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Lawyers from New Orleans
American lobbyists
Harvard University alumni
Businesspeople from New Orleans
Politicians from New Orleans
United States representatives from Louisiana
United States senators from Louisiana
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Koło

Kolo is a town in Greater Poland Voivodeship in central Poland, on the Warta River. Its area is 13.85 km2. In 2006, 23,101 people lived there.
Other websites
Kolo official website
Towns in Poland
Franklin County, Ohio

Franklin County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of 2018 census estimates, the population was 1,310,300, making it the most populous county in Ohio. Its county seat is Columbus, the state capital and most populous city in Ohio.
References
1803 establishments in Ohio
Ohio counties
Beaumes-de-Venise

Beaumes-de-Venise is a commune of 2,070 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Other websites
Communes in Vaucluse
Beaner

Beaner is a derogatory slur towards Mexicans and Mexican Americans. The term comes from the fact that beans are popular in Mexican cuisine.
Slurs
Sainte-Croix, Switzerland

Sainte-Croix is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Vaud
DeSoto County, Florida

DeSoto County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2020, 33,976 people lived there. DeSoto County was formed in 1887.
References
Florida counties
1887 establishments in Florida
Austro-Bavarian language

Bavarian (also known as Austro-Bavarian; ) is a major group of Upper German varieties. They are called "upper" because they are spoken in Switzerland, Austria and southern Germany, which are mountainous. Like standard German, Austro-Bavarian is a High German language, but they are not the same language. However, Austro-Bavarian and Standard German have influenced each other and the vast majority of Austro-Bavarian speakers speak Standard German as well. There are more variants of Bavarian. The variants are Central Bavarian, Southern Bavarian, and Northern Bavarian.
Austro-Bavarian is also used to refer to the dialect group which includes the Austro-Bavarian dialect discussed here, as well as the Cimbrian, Hutterite German, and Mocheno dialects of Germany.
History and origin
The Austro-Bavarian language has its origins in the Germanic tribe known as the Bavarii, who established a tribal duchy, which covered much of what is today Bavaria and some of Austria in the early Middle Ages and was eventually subdued by Charlemagne. However, they gradually migrated down the Danube and into the Alps to all those areas where Austro-Bavarian dialects are spoken.
In German, there is usually a difference made between "bairisch" (referring to the language) and "bayerisch" (referring to the state of Bavaria and used in the name of BMW). Because of King Ludwig I's passion for everything Hellenic, the German name for Bavaria today is spelled "Bayern", while the language spoken there has retained its original spelling "Bairisch"--note the I versus the "Hellenic" Y.
Regions where people speak Bavarian
in Bavaria:
in Upper Bavaria
in Lower Bavaria
in the Upper Palatinate
in Austria:
in all parts of the country except the federal-state of Vorarlberg and parts of the Reutte District in Tirol, where an Alemannic dialect is spoken.
in Switzerland:
in the village of Samnaun, in Graubunden.
in Italy:
in all of the province of South Tyrol and by small German speaking communities in Trento, Veneto (Cimbrian language) and Friuli.
in Hungary:
the city of Sopron (Odenburg) is officially bi-lingual.
Diphthongs
Consonants
Notes:
The phoneme is frequently realised as or word-internally and is realised as word-initially.
Intervocalic can be voiced to .
A trill sound may also be realised as a tap sound [].
Intervocalic or sound can be realised as [] or [, ].
Some dialects, such as the Bavarian dialect in South Tyrol, realise as an affricate word-initially and before , which is an extension of the High German consonant shift to velar consonants.
Vowels
Examples of Bavarian and Austrian
Related pages
Austrian German
Viennese German
German language
References
Austrian culture
Bavaria
Languages of Europe
German dialects
Gerda Gottlieb

Gerda Gottlieb (14 April 1916 -- 28 October 1992) was an Austrian track an field athlete specialized in high jump and sprint events. She was a member of Sportverein Wiener AC and the Austrian national team.
Gottlieb set in the mid 1930s three world records, in the: standing high jump, 4x 75 metres relay and 440 metres relay. These world records were the last in registered by the women's sports organization FSFI. The World Athletics Association IAAF, which registered women's world records from 1936, did not continue with any of these three disciplines.
At the 1934 Austrian Athletics Championships she became national champion in the 100 metres. She was selected to represent Austria at the 1934 Women's World Games. She won with the relay team the bronze medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay event. In the 60 metres event she didn't reached the semi-finals.
In March 1938 Gottlieb moved to Innsbruck for professional reasons. The Jewish athlete was able to flee to the United States in October of the same year.
References
1916 births
1992 deaths
High jumpers
Sprinters
Sportspeople from Vienna
Alpha Herculis

Rasalgethi, (Arabic: r's ljthy ra'is al-jathi 'Head of the Kneeler'). also called as Alpha Herculis, is a red giant star. It is the brightest star in the Hercules constellation.
Red giants
Lisa Cameron

Dr Lisa Cameron is a Scottish politician. She is currently sitting in the House of Commons as MP for the East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow seat, which she has held since 2015.
She is married to Mark Horsham, who sits as a Councillor in her constituency.
Living people
Members of the British House of Commons for Scottish constituencies
Scottish National Party
Selenology

Selenology is the science of the Moon. It is a branch of astronomy.
References
Moon
Kimani Njogu

Kimani Njogu (born Simon Kimani Njogu) was born in Kipkelion Township and educated at Taita Towett Secondary School, Kenyatta College, the University of Nairobi and Yale university where he attained a Ph.D in linguistics in 1993.. He is an editor, playwright, theorist and linguist. He is published in studies, language and media.
He is best known for his work promoting the use of the Swahili language. He is the founding-Chairman of Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa (CHAKITA-Kenya), the Kenya National Swahili Committee which guided the process of developing the Languages of Kenya Policy and Bill. He is the Chair of the Board of the Legal Resources Foundation Trust; a not-for-profit Kenyan civil organization which promotes access to justice through human education, research and advocacy.
1953 births
Living people
Kenyan people
John Brumby

John Mansfield Brumby (21 April 1953) was the 45th Premier of Victoria. He became Premier on 30 July 2007. He is from the Labor Party. After being defeated in the 2010 elections, Brumby was replaced as Premier by Ted Baillieu on 1 December 2010.
Early life
Brumby was born in Melbourne and educated at Ivanhoe Grammar School and Melbourne Grammar School.
Brumby went to the University of Melbourne in 1971 and completed a Bachelor of Commerce degree. He then got his Diploma of Education from the State College of Victoria, Rusden, in 1975. He worked at Eaglehawk, Victoria, as a teacher for three years and then became a union official.
Politics
Brumby was an elected to the Parliament of Australia in 1983 and represented the electorate of Bendigo. he lost the seat in the 1990 election. He was elected to the upper house, the Legislative Council, of the Parliament of Victoria in 1993. When the leader of the Labor Party, Jim Kennan, resigned from Parliament, Brumby was became the new leader. He had to resign from the upper house as leaders have to be members of the lower house, the Legislative Council. He won an election for Jim Kennan's seat of Broadmeadows, Victoria. He was the Leader of the Opposition in Victoria for six years. Julia Gillard, the current Prime Minister of Australia, worked as his Chief of Staff. The Labor Party did not win as many votes in the 1996 election and lost two seats. Over the next few years the party did not think Brumby would be able to lead them to a win in the next election. Brumby was replaced as leader by Steve Bracks in March, 1999. Bracks led the Labor Party and won an election in September 1999. Brumby became the Minister for Finance in the new government, and a year later was made the Treasurer (in charge of all government spending).
Bracks resigned as Premier in July 2007, and the Labor Party elected Brumby as their new leader. This made him the Premier of Victoria. In November 2010 the Labor Party was defeated in the election with a 5.3% swing of votes to the Liberal and National Parties. Brumby resigned as the leader of the Labor Party.
References
1953 births
Living people
Premiers of Victoria
Politicians from Melbourne
Australian Labor Party politicians
Australian educators
Communist Party USA

The Communist Party USA is a political party in the United States that follows the far-left ideology of communism.
It was established in 1919, after a split in the Socialist Party of America following the Russian Revolution.
Political parties in the United States
Communism
Claude Dauphin (businessman)

Claude Dauphin (1951 - September 30, 2015) was a French billionaire businessman, and executive chairman of Trafigura Beheer BV. He had served as Trafigura's chairman and CEO. In March 2013 his net wealth was estimated at $1 billion by Forbes.
Dauphin died in the early hours of September 30, 2015 in a hospital in Bogota, Colombia from cancer, aged 64.
References
1951 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Colombia
French businesspeople
Coat of arms of Norway

The coat of arms of Norway is a golden lion on a red background, bearing a golden crown and axe with silver blade (blazoned: Gules, a lion rampant Or, crowned Or, holding an axe Or with a blade argent).
Norway
National symbols of Norway
Monday Morning in a Coney Island Police Court

Monday Morning in a Coney Island Police Court is a 1908 American silent comedy movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars John R. Cumpson, Harry Solter, and Edward Dillon.
Actors
John R. Cumpson as Honorable Patrick McPheeney
Harry Solter as McPheeney's Aide
Edward Dillon
George Gebhardt as Happy Hooligan Character
Robert Harron as Young Man
Dell Henderson
Anthony O'Sullivan as Ignatius O'Brien, Attorney
Mack Sennett as Policeman
References
Other websites
American movies
1908 movies
American comedy movies
American silent movies
San Diego Creek

San Diego Creek is a small northwest-flowing river in Orange County, California. It is about long and its watershed covers 112.2 square miles (291 square kilometers) in three cities. Its source is in the Coast Range, but several of its tributaries begin in the Santa Ana Mountains and flow west to the creek. San Diego Creek flows into Upper Newport Bay, a branch of Newport Bay and eventually the Pacific Ocean.
Nearby rivers
North along coast
Santa Ana River
South along coast
Aliso Creek
Rivers of California
Orange County, California
Collapse of the World Trade Center

The collapse of the World Trade Center occurred during the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, after each of the Twin Towers was hit by a commercial airliner. One World Trade Center (WTC 1, or the North Tower) was hit at 8:46 a.m. EST. It collapsed at 10:28 a.m. Two World Trade Center (WTC 2, or the South Tower) was hit at 9:03 a.m. It collapsed at 9:59 a.m.
The debris from the collapsed buildings severely damaged or completely destroyed more than a dozen other nearby structures. That led to the collapse of 7 World Trade Center at 5:21 p.m. In the crashes, fires, and subsequent collapses, 2,763 people were killed. They included 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers. They also included all of the passengers and crew on the airplanes, which included 147 civilians and the 10 hijackers.
September 11 attacks
Cloppenburg (district)

Cloppenburg is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany.
Towns and municipalities
References
Other websites
Official website
Districts of Lower Saxony
Choi Tae-uk

Choi Tae-Uk (; born 13 March 1981) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team. He was part of the Korean football team in the 2004 Summer Olympics at Athens.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="4"|Anyang LG Cheetahs||rowspan="4"|K-League||12||1||||||4||0||16||1
|-
|2001||26||0||||||5||0||31||0
|-
|2002||22||2||||||0||0||22||2
|-
|2003||36||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||37||3
|-
|2004||Incheon United||K-League||23||5||0||0||0||0||23||5
|-
|2005||Shimizu S-Pulse||J. League 1||25||5||4||1||8||3||37||9
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Pohang Steelers||rowspan="2"|K-League||21||1||1||0||4||1||26||2
|-
|2007||13||0||5||2||6||1||24||3
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors||rowspan="2"|K-League||18||4||2||0||8||0||28||4
|-
|2009||26||9||0||0||4||0||30||9
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
197||25||9||2||31||2||237||29
25||5||4||1||8||3||37||9
222||30||13||3||39||5||274||38
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2000||4||2
|-
|2001||6||1
|-
|2002||10||1
|-
|2003||5||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||2||0
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
!Total||29||4
|}
References
1981 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
South Korean Olympians
People from Incheon
Amazing Alex

Amazing Alex, which is developed by Rovio Entertainment, is a puzzle game.
Review
In Google Play, this game is rated as 4.3 out of 5 stars.
In Pocket Gamer, Harry Slater, a player of this game, prefers Angry Birds to Amazing Alex. He said, "That's not to say that Amazing Alex isn't an addictive experience - it's just that compared to Angry Birds, there's less excitement involved. You rarely feel like throwing your arms in the air when you've completed a puzzle, for example, and the absence of any kind of antagonist reduces the stakes slightly."
Reference
Puzzle video games
Andrew Card

Andrew Hill "Andy" Card Jr. (born May 10, 1947) is an American politician and lobbyist, former United States Cabinet member, and head of George W. Bush's White House Iraq Group. Card served as U.S. Secretary of Transportation under George H. W. Bush and the White House Chief of Staff under his son. He announced his resignation as Chief of Staff March 28, 2006, effective April 14, 2006.
References
1974 births
Living people
American lobbyists
Politicians from Massachusetts
United States Secretaries of Transportation
Republican Party (United States) politicians
White House Chiefs of Staff
People from Brockton, Massachusetts
Junagadh

Junagarh City () was the former capital of the former princely state of Junagadh, which was integrated into the Indian Union in 1948. It is now in the state of Gujarat.
Cities in Gujarat
Shwikar

Shwikar Ibrahim () (04 May 1935 - 14 August 2020) was an Egyptian actress. She started her career in Alexandria in some tragedic roles. She was born in Alexandria. Her best known role was as Negma in the 1976 western movie Viva Zalata.
Shwikar died on 14 August 2020 in Cairo, aged 81.
References
2020 deaths
Egyptian movie actors
Egyptian television actors
Stage actors
1935 births
Noues de Sienne

Noues de Sienne is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Saint-Sever-Calvados (the seat), Champ-du-Boult, Courson, Fontenermont, Le Gast, Le Mesnil-Benoist, Le Mesnil-Caussois, Mesnil-Clinchamps, Saint-Manvieu-Bocage and Sept-Freres.
References
2017 establishments in France
Communes in Calvados
Brown algae

Brown algae are a large group of multicellular algae. All the brown algae are multicellular. Most brown algae have fucoxanthin, a chemical that gives them a brown color. They include many seaweeds in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat.
There are 2000 species of brown algae. Most species live in the ocean. They are important as food and as homes for many animals and marine life. Some brown algae are gathered by humans for food. The giant kelp Macrocystis is a brown alga that forms underwater forests, and it may grow to 60 meters. The Sargasso Sea gets its name from the Sargassum seaweed that floats on the surface. Many brown algae grow on rocks at the seashore.
Brown algae are unique among heterokonts in developing into multicellular forms with differentiated tissues. But they reproduce by means of flagellated spores and gametes that look like the cells of other heterokonts. Genetic studies show their closest relatives to be the yellow-green algae (Xanthophyceae).
Classification
This is a list of the orders in the class Phaeophyceae:
References
Algae
Fearne Cotton

Fearne Cotton (born 3 September 1981) is an English television and radio presenter. She is known for presenting a number of popular TV programmes such as Top of the Pops and the Red Nose Day telethon. Cotton joined BBC Radio 1 in September 2005. In 2007, she became the first regular female presenter of BBC Radio 1's Chart Show. She now presents BBC Radio 1's weekday mid-morning programme. In 2008 Cotton moved to the United States to present The Guinness Book of Records - Live. In 2015, Cotton returned to children's television by voicing a Voice Trumpet in the 2015 reboot of Teletubbies.
References
Other websites
Living people
BBC radio presenters
BBC television presenters
British DJs
English television presenters
People from the London Borough of Hillingdon
Radio personalities from London
Television personalities from London
Vegetarians
Bronislava Nijinska

Bronislava Nijinska (8 January 1891 [old style 27 December 1890] - 22 February 1972) was a Russian ballerina, choreographer, and teacher of Polish descent. Her parents were dancers. She was one of three siblings and the sister of the famous ballet dancer, Vaslav Nijinsky.
When she was very young, Nijinska learned to dance at home. Her parents taught her Polish, Hungarian, Italian, and Russian folk dances. Her father also taught her some acrobatics. This helped her later with her choreography.
She was only four years old when she made her debut in a Christmas program with her brothers in Nizhny Novgorod. Nijinska trained with the Italian dancer, Enrico Cecchetti, before joining the Imperial Ballet School in 1900. She was a student there until 1908. Her teachers were Nicolai Legat and Mikhail Fokine.
She danced with the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg and the Ballets Russes. She was a choreographer for the Ballets Russes, with important modernist dance titles to her credit: Les Noces (1923), Le Train Bleu (1924) and Les Biches (1924). She guided the re-creation of these works in modern times.
She died in Pacific Palisades, California. She was twice married and had two children.
References
Russian ballerinas
Russian choreographers
1891 births
1972 deaths
Thandie Newton

Melanie Thandiwe Newton (; born 6 November 1972) is a British actress. She has performed in numerous British and American movies, including The Pursuit of Happyness and Mission: Impossible II. She was born in London to a black Zimbabwean mother and white British father. She grew up in Africa, London and Penzance.
Personal life
Newton says that director John Duigan made her have a relationship with him. She was sixteen years old and he was 39. The relationship lasted 6 years.
She married English writer/director/producer Ol Parker in 1998. The couple have two daughters: Ripley, born in 2000, and Nico, born in 2004. Her daughters are named after the character Ellen Ripley in the Alien movies and the singer Nico.
Newton has suffered from bulimia.
Newton is a Buddhist.
Filmography
References
Other websites
1972 births
Living people
Actors from London
Black British actors
Buddhists
English movie actors
English television actors
Entertainers from Cornwall
Toronto Sun

The Toronto Sun is an English language daily tabloid newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is often seen as a working person's newspaper.
As of the end of 2007, the Sun sold 180,000 newspapers during Monday to Saturday and about 310,000 papers on Sunday.
Related pages
The Sun (United Kingdom) - The original UK version
References
Other websites
Article on the Sun - includes rough circulation info
Newspapers published in Canada
English-language newspapers published in Canada
Saon

Saon is a commune. It is in the region of Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department. This is in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados