pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Oceanborn

Oceanborn is the second album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.
Track listing
1998 original album
"Stargazers" - 4:28
"Gethsemane" - 5:22
"Devil & the Deep Dark Ocean" (feat. Tapio Wilska) - 4:46
"Sacrament of Wilderness" - 4:12
"Passion and the Opera" - 4:50
"Swanheart" - 4:44
"Moondance" (instrumental) - 3:31
"The Riddler" - 5:16
"The Pharaoh Sails to Orion" (feat. Tapio Wilska) - 6:26
"Walking in the Air" - 5:31
1999
"Sleeping Sun" - 4:01
Personnel
Tarja Turunen - lead vocals
Tuomas Holopainen - keyboards, backing vocals, songwriting, lyrics
Emppu Vuorinen - guitars, songwriting
Sami Vanska - bass guitar
Jukka Nevalainen - drums, percussion, backing vocals
Tapio Wilska - additional vocals on "Devil & The Deep Dark Ocean" and "The Pharaoh Sails To Orion", backing vocals on "Moondance"
Esa Lehtinen - flute
Plamen Dimov - violin
Kaisli Kaivola - violin
Markku Palola - viola
Tero Kinnunen - engineering, producer
Mikko Karmila - engineering, mixing
Mika Jussila - mastering
Toni Harkonen - photography
Maria Sandell - artwork
Markus Mayer - re-release cover art
Erkki Hirvikangas - cello
1998 albums
Michael Broadbent

John Michael Broadbent, MW (2 May 1927 - 17 March 2020) was a British wine critic, writer and auctioneer. He was a known critic on wine tasting and old wines.
In 1979, Broadbent was appointed Chevalier of the Ordre National du Merite, as well as an honorary member of the Academie du Vin de Bordeaux and numerous other French wine associations.
Broadbent was Chairman of The Institute of Masters of Wine in 1970, Master of the Worshipful Company of Distillers, president of The International Wine and Food Society in 1986, president of the Wine & Spirit Education Trust (WSET) 2007-2009 and Chairman of The Wine & Spirit Trades' Benevolent Society in 1991.
References
1927 births
2020 deaths
Food and drink critics
Writers from Yorkshire
K2-315b

K2-315b is an exoplanet that is 185.3 light years away from Earth. It is in the southern zodiac constellation Libra and orbits the red dwarf K2-315.
It is often nicknamed "Pi Planet" due to the orbit around the star the planet has being about 3.14, or pi.
Exoplanets
Préchacq-Navarrenx

Prechacq-Navarrenx is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Communes in Pyrenees-Atlantiques
Koskullskulle

Koskullskulle is a locality in Gallivare Municipality in Norrbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 874 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Norrbotten County
Jon Pardi

Jon Pardi is an American country music singer and songwriter. In 2015 he had his first number one song on Billboard's Country Airplay music chart.
Early life
He was born on in Dixon, California.
Discography
Singles
"Dirt on My Boots" (2016)
"She Ain't in It" (2017)
"Tequila Little Time" (2021)
Related pages
List of country musicians from California
Sources
Country musicians from California
Singers from California
Khushab District

Khushab District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Khushab is the capital.
Tehsils
Khushab Tehsil
Noorpur Thal Tehsil
Quaidabad Tehsil
Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Sargodha Division
Purple Mountain

Purple Mountain is a mountain in Xuanwu District in Nanjing, China. It is 448.9 meters or 1,472 feet high.
Purple Mountain is a scenic spot and historic site in Nanjing. It is one of the Four Famous Mountains South of the Yangtze River and a national ecological and cultural demonstration site.
Purple Mountain Observatory is on the mountain. Nanjing Museum is just to its south.
Mountains of China
Nanjing
1973 European Super Cup

The 1973 European Super Cup was played between 1972-73 European Cup winners Ajax and 1972-73 European Cup Winners' Cup winners Milan. With Ajax winning 6-1, it was the worst defeat for an Italian team in an UEFA competition final.
Schedule
Unlike future Super Cup matches, the 1973 edition took place at the start of the following calendar year rather than the start of the following season.
First leg
Second leg
Related pages
1973 European Cup Final
1973 European Cup Winners' Cup Final
A.C. Milan in European football
AFC Ajax in European football
References
Super Cup
1973
Super Cup
Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department

The following is a list of the 177 communes of the Hautes-Alpes departement in France.
Hautes-Alpes
Richard Blumenthal

Richard Blumenthal (born February 13, 1946) is the senior United States Senator from Connecticut. He has been in office since 2011. He served as Attorney General of Connecticut from 1991 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
References
Other websites
Senator Richard Blumenthal official U.S. Senate site
Blumenthal for Senate
1946 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
People from Greenwich, Connecticut
Lawyers from Connecticut
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American politicians
Jewish lawyers
Politicians from New York City
United States senators from Connecticut
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Yale University alumni
Kid Charlemagne

"Kid Charlemagne" is a 1976 song by Steely Dan. It is the leading single from their fifth studio album The Royal Scam. It went to number 82 in the United States and has a bit of funk rhythms and jazz harmonies with rock and roll instrumentals thrown into it.
References
1976 songs
Steely Dan songs
Songs about drugs
Funk rock songs
Pop rock songs
Jazz rock songs
London Breed

London Nicole Breed (born August 11, 1974) is an American politician. She is the 45th and current Mayor of the City and County of San Francisco. She used to be supervisor for District 5, and was president of the Board of Supervisors from 2015 to 2018.
Background
Breed was raised in San Francisco by her grandmother, Comelia Brown. Along with her grandmother, she lived with her siblings in public housing. In an interview, London talks about remembering being a little girl in her unsafe community. She clearly remembers seeing glass all over the street floors and graffiti on all of the walls. London was a very smart young girl, she loved school and all of her teachers knew she had a bright future ahead of her. In her teen years, Breed attended Galileo High School and soon after, the University of California.
Career
In 2012, Breed was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. She became the president of this board. Breed became acting mayor after the death of Mayor Ed Lee. She served in this role from December 12, 2017 to January 23, 2018. She won the special election for mayor a few months. Her main opponents in the election were Mark Leno and Jane Kim. Breed was the first black woman and second woman to be elected mayor of San Francisco. She was sworn in as mayor on July 11, 2018.
References
1974 births
Living people
Mayors of San Francisco
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
Stoke

Stoke may refer to the following:
Place names
United Kingdom
Stoke is one of the most common place names in the United Kingdom and in historical documents.
Originally from the Old English 'stoc' meaning 'place', it came to be used in two special senses, i) a religious place and ii) a secondary settlement (see Roome )
It can refer to any of the following places:
Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire
Stoke-upon-Trent, a town in the city of Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke, Chester, Cheshire
Stoke, Crewe and Nantwich, Cheshire
Stoke, Devon
Stoke, Hampshire
Stoke, Hayling Island, Hampshire
Stoke, Kent
Stoke, Suffolk in Ipswich
Stoke Abbott, Dorset
Stoke Ash, Suffolk
Stoke Bardolph, Nottinghamshire
Stoke Bishop, Bristol
Stoke Bliss, Herefordshire
Stoke Bruerne, Northamptonshire
Stoke by Clare, Suffolk
Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk
Stoke Canon, Devon
Stoke Charity, Hampshire
Stoke Climsland, Cornwall
Stoke d'Abernon, Surrey
Stoke Doyle, Northamptonshire
Stoke Dry, Rutland
Stoke Edith, Herefordshire
Stoke Ferry, Norfolk
Stoke Fleming, Devon
Stoke Gabriel, Devon
Stoke Gifford, Bristol
Stoke Golding, Leicestershire
Stoke Goldington, Milton Keynes
Stoke next Guildford, Surrey
Stoke Hammond, Buckinghamshire
Stoke Heath, Shropshire
Stoke Heath, Worcestershire
Stoke Holy Cross, Norfolk
Stoke Lacy, Herefordshire
Stoke Lyne, Oxfordshire
Stoke Mandeville, Buckinghamshire
Stoke Newington, London
Stoke on Tern, Shropshire
Stoke Orchard, Gloucestershire
Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire
Stoke Pound, Worcestershire
Stoke Prior, Herefordshire
Stoke Prior, Worcestershire
Stoke Rivers, Devon
Stoke Rochford, Lincolnshire
Stoke Row, Berkshire
Stoke Row, Oxfordshire
Stoke St Gregory, Somerset
Stoke St Mary, Somerset
Stoke St Michael, Somerset
Stoke St. Milborough, Shropshire
Stoke-sub-Hamdon, Somerset
Stoke Talmage, Oxfordshire
Stoke Trister, Somerset
New Zealand
Stoke, New Zealand
Sports
Stoke City F.C.
Related pages
Stokes (in particular, stoke is an erroneous singular of stokes (sing. and pl), a unit of kinematic viscosity)
Stoked, a film
Jesus with erection

Jesus with erection is a picture that was made by students at the University of Oregon and published in the March 2006 edition of the Student Insurgent. It caused debates in the United States in 2006. The picture shows a naked Jesus Christ on the Cross with an erection.
Context
In 2005 the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The paper said that this was to add to the debate about criticism of Islam and self-censorship. Danish-Muslims said that they did not like them because Islam teaches that it is wrong for people to make any picture of Muhammad and also because they felt that the pictures showed disrespect to Muhammad. This led to protests in many Islamic countries, some of which became violent and led to more than 100 deaths.
The students of the University of Oregon said that they made the pictures of Jesus because they want to show how people who are religious feel when people make pictures that may be offensive to Jesus. They wanted to get Muslims and Christians to talk and understand each other better.
Reactions
Some people disliked the picture of Jesus with erection. The president of the Catholic League, William Donohue, said that the president of the Oregon University, Dave Frohnmayer, is partially responsible for the pictures. William Donohue said that the picture was one of the worst attacks on Christianity he had ever seen. Other people who disliked the picture said that the University's President David B. Frohnmayer should not work for the University any more. However, the Oregon Daily Emerald and the Oregon Commentator, said that the students' right to free speech and the University's decision to defend the student newspaper, citing the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States like the Southworth case. This case said that universities could support student groups (such as newspapers) that other students did not agree with without hurting the rights of the students who do not like the groups.
Related pages
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
References
Other websites
The Student Insurgent Online
Controversies
2006 in the United States
21st century in Oregon
Moji Solar-Wilson

Moji Solar-Wilson (born in 1964) from Ekiti State, is a Nigerian chief executive of a real estate company and a LGBTQ activist.
In 2017 she married Margaret-Mary Wilson, a Nigerian-American physician. Moji and Margaret are the first openly gay Nigerian lesbian couple to be legally married in a same sex marriage.
References
LGBT people from Nigeria
Left–right politics

Political parties are often described as being either left-wing, right-wing, or center.
Left-wing politics is usually progressive, meaning that left-wing people are in favor of social change. They believe in creating more social and economic equality, possibly through direct intervention and the regulation of markets.
Right-wing people tend to say the government should not be behind social change, instead delegating the authority to certain individuals or groups. Definitions of "right-wing" vary, however conservatives oppose drastic changes to the structure of society, occasionally supporting moves back to the way certain things were in the past (or the way people think it was in the past).
Ideologies representative of the authoritarian wing of the far left include Marxism-Leninism, while the libertarian wing is represented by Anarcho-communism. The authoritarian wing of the far right is represented by Fascism, while the libertarian wing is represented by Anarcho-capitalism.
Name
The left and right groups get their names from the French Revolution. People in the National Assembly who wanted large changes in the French government sat on the left side of the room and people who wanted to keep the king and more tradition sat on the right side of the room and moderates sat in the middle. French newspapers started saying "left" and "right" to tell readers which member of the National Assembly thought what.
References
Politics
Round and Round the Garden

Round and round the garden is a nursery rhyme for infants and toddlers. Usualy it is accompanied by fingerplay, such as touching and tickling.
Rhyme
The version given by The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes is:
This rhyme is probably fairly recent.
Origins
The rhyme was first collected in Britain in the late 1940s. Since teddy bears were not common before the twentieth century it is likely fairly recent in its current form. Iona and Peter Opie suggest that it is probably a version of an older rhyme, "Round about there":
References
Children's literature
Chihuahua (dog)

A chihuahua is a very small kind of dog and is bred to be a pet.
Appearance
They can reach a height of 6-9 inches (12.7-20.3 cm) and a weight of 2-6 pounds (0.9-2.7 kg). Chihuahuas can have a long or short coat, and come in many different colors. They only need grooming once a week if short coat or it may be twice if you have a long coat.
Origins
The Chihuahua's start goes back to Mexico as the descendants of the Techichi, a short haired and silent dog. The Techichi was liked by the Toltec people, one of the indigenous (original) people of Mexico. Chihuahuas are believed to have been made by breeding the Techichi and Chinese Crested Dogs (a type of small hairless dog) to form today's Chihuahuas.
Another possible start for Chihuahuas was the breeding of Techichis with Phalene terriers, which were well liked at the time and were known for their small body and black and tan colors. Mating with another type of dog increased the loudness of the Techichi's bark while making it smaller.
Chihuahuas were named after the Chihuahua state in Mexico. The word Chihuahua comes from the Na'huatl word "xicuagua", which means "sandy, dry place".
References
Dog breeds
Venezuelan presidential crisis

From early January 2019, Venezuela has been experiencing a Presidential crisis, with unclear leadership and terms of Presidency.
Despite encouragement to resign as president when his first term expired on 10 January 2019, Nicolas Maduro inaugurated himself. This resulted in widespread condemnation, the National Assembly invoking a State of emergency, and nations removing their embassies from Venezuela. With their belief that his election was illegitimate, they claimed that by retaking power, Maduro was converting Venezuela into an illegal de facto dictatorship.
Juan Guaido, the newly appointed President of the National Assembly of Venezuela, began motions to form a transitional government as soon as he took the National Assembly role on 5 January 2019; whether Maduro took office on the 10th or not, the country would not have a legitimately elected president. On behalf of the National Assembly, he became one of the first to denounce Maduro taking office, saying that the country had fallen into a de facto dictatorship and had no leader, and that they were in a state of emergency.
Maduro's government states that the crisis is a "coup d'etat led by the United States to remove him from power and control the country's oil reserves."
References
2019 in South America
January 2019 events
Venezuela
Chauffayer

Chauffayer is a former commune in the Hautes-Alpes department. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Aubessagne.
References
Former communes in Hautes-Alpes
Rhodes Scholarship

The Rhodes Scholarship named after Cecil Rhodes is an international award to go to school at the University of Oxford and was the first large-scale group of international scholarships.
Famous Rhodes Scholars
Bill Clinton, United States president
Howard Florey, Australian scientist and Nobel Prize winner
Bob Hawke, Australian Prime Minister and union leader (1953)
Walter Isaacson, Managing editor of Time Magazine, CEO of CNN, CEO Aspen Institute.
Kris Kristofferson, American singer and actor.
Don McNeill, Canadian journalist and George Polk Award winner (1958)
References
Education
Trick or Treat (1952 movie)

Trick or Treat is a 1952 animated short movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures.
Voice cast
Clarence Nash as Donald Duck, Huey, Dewey, and Louie
June Foray as Hazel the Witch
References
Disney animated movies
Short movies
Conaire Cóem

Conaire Coem was a legendary Gaelic king who ruled the Irish and Scots. He reigned, according to the later historian Geoffrey Keating, from 136 to 143, and from 150 to 164 according to scholar George Buchanan. Conaire was the son of Mug Lama and the husband of Sariad ingen Conn, the daughter of Conn of the Hundred Battles.
Kings and Queens of Ireland
2nd-century births
2nd-century deaths
Kings and Queens of Scotland
Mr In-Between

Mr In-Between (also called The Killing Kind) is a 2001 British crime drama film. It is based on the novel by English writer Neil Cross. It was directed by Paul Sarossy. The screenplay was written by Peter Waddington.
Plot summary
In 2002, hitman Jon lives alone. One day he meets an old friend called Andy. He starts an unneeded relationship. The truth comes out about what Jon does. This endangers the lives of those close to him. He must make a difficult decision. Should he save the woman he loves or kill her and the child.
Cast
Reception
Derek Elley of Variety called it "unevenly acted and scripted". Jamie Russell of the BBC rated it 3/5 stars and called it "commendably ambitious, but only occasionally successful". Alan Morrison of Empire rated it 3/5 stars and wrote that the film becomes more pretentious as time goes on. Total Film rated it 2/5 stars and called it "intense, reflective yarn" that wallows in sadism. Time Out London called it bleak, stylistically bold, and occasionally pretentious. David Johnson of DVD Verdict called it "a refreshingly original take on the hitman-with-a-conscience gig." Glenn Erickson of DVD Talk called it "an overachieving straight-to-video feature" that treats its subject matter as more important than it is.
Awards
Mr In-Between won Best UK Feature at Raindance Film Festival.
Andrew Howard won Best Actor at the Tokyo International Film Festival.
References
Other websites
2001 crime thriller movies
British crime thriller movies
Benhall

Benhall is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2011, there were 521 people living in Benhall. Benhall is on the A12 road. It has a church called St Mary.
References
GENUKI
Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Martha Reeves

Martha Rose Reeves (born July 18, 1941) is an American singer. She was also a councilwoman in Detroit, Michigan. She was associated with R&B group Martha and the Vandellas during the 1960s. Together, their hits included Dancing in the Street and Heat Wave. She had some solo songs, also.
Reeves was a Detroit Councilwoman between 2005 and 2009. She was born in Alabama. She was raised in Detroit.
Sources
Politicians from Alabama
American R&B musicians
1941 births
Living people
Politicians from Michigan
Hogar de HGTV

Hogar de HGTV is an American TV channel.
American television channels
José Florencio Guzmán

Jose Florencio Guzman Correa (22 June 1929 - 16 September 2017) was a Chilean politician. He was born in Santiago de Chile. He was Minister of Defense from 1 August 1998 until 22 June 1999.
Guzman died on 16 September 2017 in Santiago at the age of 88.
References
1929 births
2017 deaths
Politicians from Santiago
Wafer

A wafer is a crisp, thin, flat, light and dry biscuit; usually flavoured or eaten with a layer of flavoured cream between another layer of wafers.
Baked foods
Reusable shopping bag

A reusable shopping bag is a shopping bag that is meant to be re-used several times. Such are often contrasted with single-use shopping bags, which are only used once, most of the time. Re-usable shopping bags are often produced of materials such as plant fibers (for example jute or hemp).
Shopping bags
Central Makira constituency

Central Makira is a constituency of the Solomon Islands. It is in the Makira Province. It was created in 1993.
Election results
References
Solomon Islands parliamentary constituencies
Édouard Daladier

Edouard Daladier (18 June 1884 - 10 October 1970) was a politician, who was the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War. He was one of the politicians in France who tried to stop the war and signed the Munich Agreement at a conference in 1938, together with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, as well as the dictators of Germany and Italy: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini.
Other websites
1884 births
1970 deaths
French mayors
French military personnel of World War I
French people of World War II
Government ministers of France
Politicians from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
Prime Ministers of France
Lembit Oll

Lembit Oll (23 April 1966 - Tallinn, 17 May 1999) was an Estonian chess grandmaster. He was already successful as a junior, becoming champion of Estonia in 1982 and junior champion of the Soviet Union in 1984. He also won multiple European and World junior championships. The FIDE awarded him the IM-title in 1983 and the GM-title in 1992. From that moment, he regularly played for Estonia during Chess Olympiads and European teamchampionships. Early 1998 he reached his highest rating on the FIDE rating list: 2655.
He played his last tournament in 1999 in Nova Gorica reaching a shared 2nd position.
Oll, who was married, fell into severe depressions after he divorced. He jumped out of the window of his house on the fifth floor and did not survive. Despite his personal problems, he still held the 42nd place on the world ranking list at that time. He was buried in Tallinn. His grave is not far from that of Paul Keres, another famous chess player.
List of victories
1989: Espoo, Tallinn (zonal tournament), Helsinki.
1990: Terrassa.
1991: Sydney, Helsinki.
1992: Sevilla.
1993: Vilnius, The Hague, Antwerp.
1994: New York Open (shared 1st with Jaan Ehlvest).
1995: Helsinki, Riga (zonal tournament).
1996: Saint Petersburg.
1997: Koge, Szeged (shared 1st), Hoogeveen (shared 1st).
1966 births
1999 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Estonian sportspeople
Suicides by jumping
Avalon (song)

"Avalon" is a popular song. It was written by Al Jolson, Buddy DeSylva and Vincent Rose in 1920. It was first recorded by Jolson and used in the musicals Sinbad and Bombo. Jolson's version became #2 on the American singles chart. It is possible that Rose wrote the song alone, and that Jolson's name was used in the credits because he was a popular artist and helped make the song popular. At first only Rose and Jolson were marked as the writers, and DeSylva's name was added later.
Many jazz artists have recorded the song, for example Cab Calloway (1934), Coleman Hawkins (1935) and Eddie Durham (1936). Benny Goodman played the song in his concert in Carnegie Hall in 1938. The song was also played in the films The Jolson Story (1946) and The Benny Goodman Story (1956).
The melody at the beginning of the song was taken from Giacomo Puccini's opera Tosca, and Rose changed it only a little. Because of this, a court later decided that Jolson and Rose had to pay Puccini's publishers $25,000 and all later profits from the song.
Versions
Red Nichols and His Five Pennies (27 February 1928)
George Monkhouse and his Cambridge University Quinquaginta Ramblers (12 March 1930)
Spike Hughes and his Dance Orchestra (23 May 1930)
Joel Shaw and his Orchestra (August 1932)
Billy Cotton and his Band (21 July 1933)
Casa Loma Orchestra (16 August 1934)
Cab Calloway and his Orchestra (4 September 1934)
Scott Wood and his Six Swingers (18 December 1934; 1 September 1936)
Joe Venuti and his Orchestra (26 December 1934)
KXYZ Novelty Band (29 January 1935)
Coleman Hawkins (2 March 1935)
Quintette of the Hot Club of France (July 1935)
Jimmie Lunceford and his Orchestra (30 September 1935)
Harry Roy and his Orchestra (8 November 1935)
Val Rosing and his Swing Stars (18 November 1935)
Ballyhooligans (7 July 1936)
Benny Goodman Quartet (29 June 1937; 28 September 1937; 16 January 1938)
Joe Daniels and his Hotshots (28 September 1937)
Alix Combelle et son Orchestre (4 October 1937)
Harry James and his Orchestra (13 July 1939; 8 November 1939)
Willie Lewis and his Negro Band (27 June 1941)
Notes
1920s songs
1920 works
Alpine, Wyoming

Alpine is a town in Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 828 at the 2010 census.
References
Other websites
Town website
Towns in Wyoming
Lincoln County, Wyoming
Rahama Sadau

Rahama Sadau (born 7 December 1993) is a Nigerian actress and filmmaker. She was born and raised in Kaduna.
Education
Sadau holds bachelor's degree in Human Resource Management at school of Business and Finance of Eastern Mediterranean University in Northern Cyprus.
Career
Sadau began her career at Kannywood movie industry through Ali Nuhu. She played a few minor roles before gaining fame from her performance in Gani ga Wane alongside the Kannywood actor Ali Nuhu. Within a short time, she emerges as one of shining star in Kannywood. She was accused of having romantic music video with a one singer called Classiq where she was ban to perform any film, but later removed the ban.
Awards
Best Actress (Kannywood) (2014)
Best Actress (Kannywood) (2015)
Best African Actress (2017)
References
1993 births
Living people
Nigerian actors
Filmmakers
Teresa Scanlan

Teresa Michelle Scanlan (born February 6, 1993) is a beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss America 2011. Before that, she was Miss Nebraska 2010. She became the youngest Miss America since Bette Cooper in 1937. She advocates for eating conditions, including bulimia. She was originally from California, but is now from Nebraska.
References
Beauty pageant winners
People from Nebraska
1993 births
Living people
Character (computing)

For computers, a character is a letter, number, or punctuation mark that can be shown on a screen, or printed. There are also some unseen characters, called control characters. An example of a control character is the carriage return or line feed that tells the software to start a new line. A glyph is the shape of the character that is seen when put on screen or on paper.
Since computers only use numbers, they use number codes to represent characters. For example, in ASCII, the number 65 represents the letter 'A'. The computer knows, when working in ASCII, to put the glyph for 'A' on the screen when it sees the number 65. The glyph can change shape slightly depending on the font that is used, if it is bold or in italics, etc. But it is still stored as a 65 in the computer, that does not change.
ASCII and Unicode
One of the early standards for storing characters was ASCII. It uses 7 bits to store each character. This allows 128 characters - enough for the numbers 0-9, the upper case letters A-Z, lower case letters a-z, most punctuation marks including spaces, parentheses and braces, and some control characters. But it is not enough for letters used in other languages, such as umlauts used in German and Scandinavian languages. Some systems added an 8th bit to ASCII, for another 128 characters, but the extra characters can vary from one system to another. And this doesn't address all languages. There are thousands of Chinese characters alone. To store all of these characters, Unicode was developed. It uses 16 bits to store 65,536 characters.
ASCII is still widely used, especially in the English-speaking areas. The Internet was started in English, and until 2010 URL addresses could only contain certain ASCII characters. Some ASCII characters that are not supported are replaced by a '%' and a number for its location in the ASCII table. The space character, for instance is changed to "%20" when it shows up in a URL. In 2010, Unicode was allowed so people who spoke Russian, Greek, Chinese or other languages could see a domain name in their own language.
Related pages
Alphabet
Computer science
Typography
Encodings
Dündar Ali Osman

Dundar Ali Osman (, ; 30 December 1930 - 18 January 2021), also known as Dundar Ali Osman Osmanoglu was the 45th Head of the House of Osman from 2017 until his death. He was born in Damascus, Syria.
Osman died on 18 January 2021 in Istanbul, Turkey at the age of 90.
References
1930 births
2021 deaths
House of Osman
Belle Rive, Illinois

Belle Rive is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

Bethlehem is a city in eastern Pennsylvania close to Allentown. It's part of the Lehigh Valley Region.
Cities in Pennsylvania
East Riding of Yorkshire

East Riding of Yorkshire is a county in the British region called Yorkshire in Northern Europe.
Ceremonial counties of England
Portage County, Wisconsin

Portage County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 70,019. Its county seat is Stevens Point.
References
1840s establishments in Wisconsin Territory
1844 establishments in the United States
Hideki Konno

Hideki Konno (born May 13, 1965) is a video game director, designer, and producer who works for Nintendo. Since 2015, Konno has worked on Nintendo's Smart Device Group, the department responsible for the company's smartphone games.
Some of the most well known projects Konno has worked on include the Mario Kart and parts of the Super Mario series, the Nintendo 3DS, both of the Nintendogs games, and two of the Luigi's Mansion games.
1965 births
Living people
Nintendo people
Japanese video game designers
ADC Cirrus

The ADC Cirrus is a British airplane engine named the Aircraft Disposal Company (ADC) in the 1920s.
Variants
Cirrus I
(1925)
Cirrus II
(1926)
Cirrus III
(1929)
Applications
Cirrus I
Avro Avian
Avro Baby
de Havilland DH.60 Moth
Short Mussel
Westland Widgeon
Cirrus II
Avro Avian
de Havilland DH.60 Moth
de Havilland DH.71 Tiger Moth
Piaggio P.9
Short Mussel
Westland Widgeon
Bloudek XV Lojze
Cirrus III
Avro Avian
Blackburn Bluebird
Cierva C.17
de Havilland DH.60 Moth
de Havilland DH.71 Tiger Moth
Dudley Watt D.W.2Emsco B-4 Cirrus
Koolhoven FK.41
Klemm L.26
Klemm L.27
Short Mussel
Simmonds Spartan
Spartan Arrow
Westland Wessex
Westland Widgeon
Aircraft engines
Sick Puppies

Sick Puppies are an Australian alternative metal band from Sydney.
The band was formed in 1997 after band members Shimon More and Emma Anzai met in the music room of Mosman High School. They released their debut album, Welcome to the Real World, on 3 September 2001.
Their song "You're Going Down" was used as the theme song for the 2009 WWE pay per view Extreme Rules and is also included on the soundtrack to the video game WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2010.
Band members
Current
Shimon Moore - lead vocals, guitar (1997-present)
Emma Anzai - bass, backing vocals (1997-present)
Mark Goodwin - drums, percussion, backing vocals (2003-present)
Former
Chris Mileski - drums (1997-2003)
Discography
Albums
Midget Tossing (1997)
Where We Stand (1999)
One for the Kids (2001)
Ocean Avenue (2003)
Lights and Sounds (2006)
Paper Walls (2007)
When You're Through Thinking, Say Yes (2011)
Southern Air (2012)
Other websites
Official website
1990s music groups
1997 establishments
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Australian hard rock bands
Nu metal bands
Post-grunge bands
Australian heavy metal bands
Musical groups from Sydney
1990s establishments in Australia
Clint Hill (Secret Service)

Clinton J. Hill (born January 4, 1932) is a former U.S. Secret Service agent who worked under five United States presidents, from Dwight D. Eisenhower to Gerald Ford. Hill is best known for his act of bravery while in the presidential motorcade on November 22, 1963 when United States President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas.
References
1932 births
Living people
People from North Dakota
John F. Kennedy
Down (band)

Down is a heavy metal band from New Orleans, Louisiana. They started playing in 1991 and the band consisted of members of several bands.
American heavy metal bands
Daniel Geale

Daniel Geale (born 26 February 1981) is an Australian professional boxer. He won the Ocean Mastership and the Commonwealth Games.
He started to box as a pro in 2004. He won the International Boxing Organization title in 2007 against Gary Comer. He defended the title five times after he lost it against Anthony Mundine. After he won against the opponent middelweight champion Roman Karmazin, he fought against Sebastian Sylvester, who defended the International Boxing Federation title. Geale won the fight and combined the International Boxing Federation title and the World Boxing Association title after a fight against Felix Sturm. After that, he defended his title against Anthony Mundine, who had beaten him in 2009. He is the reigning Champion of the World Boxing Association (WBA) and the International Boxing Federation (IBF).
Other websites
1981 births
Living people
Australian boxers
People from Launceston, Tasmania
Hidehiko Shimizu

Hidehiko Shimizu (born 4 November 1954) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Nissan Motors.
References
1954 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Avispa Fukuoka managers
Anaphia

Anaphia, also known as tactile anesthesia, is a medical symptom in which there is a total or partial loss of the sense of touch.
Anaphia is a common symptom of spinal cord injury and neuropathy.
References
Medical signs
Khodadad Rezakhani

Khodadad Rezakhani (Persian: khddd rDkhny, born 1976) is an Iranian historian. He was an associate research scholar for the Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies at Princeton University from 2016 to 2020. Rezakhani is also the founder of the website Iranologie.com. It a website that talks about the history of Iran since 1997.
Publications
Books
ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity (Edinburgh University Press, 2017);
The Anonymous Syriac Chronicle Known as the Chronicle of Khuzistan (Ruydadname-ye Khuzestan) (Hekmat-e Sina, 2016).
(with Touraj Daryaee)From Oxus to Euphrates: The World of Late Antique Iran (H&S Media, 2016)
(editor)Excavating an Empire: Achaemenid Persia in Longue Duree (with Touraj Daryaee and Ali Mousavi, Mazda Publishers, 2014)
Iranians on the Silk Road: Merchants, Kingdoms, and Religions (with Matteo Compareti, 2010)
Selected Articles
Popular Media
Arab Conquests and Sasanian Iran (History Today)
Reza Shah's Mummy, back from the dead, haunts Iranian politics (Ajam Media)
Academic Journals
the Road that Never Was: the Silk Road and Trans-Eurasian Exchange
The Rebellion of Babak and the Historiography of Southern Caucasus.
West Asia, 600-900
From Miirosan to Khurasan: Huns, Alkhans, and the Creation of East Iran
Markets for Land, Labour and Capital in Late Antique Iraq, AD 200-700 (with Michael Morony)
Mazdakism, Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism: In search of orthodoxy and heterodoxy in late antique Iran
Continuity and Change in Late Antique Iran: An Economic View of the Sasanians
Other websites
Iranologie.com
Khodadad Rezakhani's Academia Page
References
Princeton University faculty
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Living people
1976 births
Iranian historians
People from Tehran
Pösing

Posing is a municipality in the district of Cham in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Cham (district)
Dentin

Dentin or dentine is calcified tissue that makes up the second layer of teeth. In the crown (top) of a tooth, dentin is found between enamel and pulp. In the root of a tooth, it is found between cementum and pulp. Dentin makes up most of a tooth. Dentin is yellow. The yellowness of dentin shows through in a tooth because enamel is semi-translucent.
Composition
Dentin is made up of
70% hydroxylapatite (a mineral found in teeth and bones)
20% organic matter (matter that comes from living things)
10% water
Development
The process of creating dentin is called dentinogenesis. It is made by odontoblasts, a special type of cell that activates later during formation of teeth. Unlike enamel, a tooth can keep making more dentin throughout life.
Types
Dentin is divided into different types based on when it is made.
Primary dentin
Primary dentin makes up most of the tooth. It is the thick bulk between enamel and pulp. Primary dentin is the type of dentin a tooth starts out with. It can also be called circumpulpal (surrounding the pulp) dentin. Mantle dentin is a separate, harder but thinner layer that separates primary dentin from the tooth crown.
Secondary dentin
Secondary dentin is made after a tooth has already appeared in the mouth. This type of dentin is made throughout life. Newly made dentin is found placed very close to the pulp. It is found between pulp and primary dentin.
Tertiary dentin
Unlike secondary dentin, tertiary (third in order) dentin is not made continuously throughout life. Tertiary dentine is only made when the tooth is damaged.
Related pages
Dentition
Dental caries
References
Teeth
Turkish Cypriots

Turkish Cypriots are a group of Turkish people. Most of them live in Northern Cyprus. They speak the Turkish language. The history of the Turkish Cypriots dates back to 1571, when the Ottoman Empire conquered Cyprus. In 1974, Turkish Cypriots was killed at the Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre by Cypriot Greeks. The Turkish Cypriots are Sunni Muslims. Their practice of religion has traditionally been secular, but Eid festival is an integral part in there culture, like Wedding, Sunnet Partys of the boys and Turkish Oil Wrestling.
Turkish Cypriot culture include traditional Wood carving, produtcion of Olive oil, embroidery and Silk -wrapping as Souvenir for Tourism. There are also many Turkish Cypriots living outside Cyprus. Mostly, they live in England and Australia
References
Northern Cyprus
Ethnic groups in Turkey
Saint-Pierre-sur-Orthe

Saint-Pierre-sur-Orthe is a former commune of 531 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2021, it was merged into the new commune of Vimartin-sur-Orthe.
References
Former communes in Mayenne
Franklin County, New York

Franklin County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of New York. It borders the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 47,555. Its county seat is Malone. The county is named in honor of United States Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. This county is part of New York's 21st congressional district.
Franklin County was created in 1808.
References
1800s establishments in New York (state)
1808 establishments in the United States
New York (state) counties
Mímir

Mimir was one of the Norse gods. After his head was chopped off in a battle between the Aesir and the Vanir, Odin carried it around. The head told him secrets and offered him advice. Mimir is the god of wisdom. He was the thinking part of Hoenir, the silent god.
Norse gods and goddesses
Rodome

Rodome is a commune of 124 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
References
Communes in Aude
Richmond, British Columbia

Richmond is a city on Lulu Island and in the Metro Vancouver area of British Columbia. The Canada Line and Vancouver International Airport are also located inside Richmond. Richmond had 196,660 people in it in 2006.
Events
The 2010 Winter Olympics had their Olympic oval in Richmond
Malls
Many shopping malls are located in Richmond, these include:
Lansdowne Centre
Richmond Centre
Parker Place
Aberdeen Centre
References
Cities in British Columbia
2010 Winter Olympics
Das Lied von der Erde

Das Lied von der Erde is a piece of music and symphonic song cycle. It was written by Gustav Mahler in 1908-1909 as a symphony with sonata form. It is a large work of six separate songs for two voices and orchestra. It is based on Hans Bethge's The Chinese Flute, an anthology of ancient Chinese poetry. It was first performed on November 20, 1911 in Munich.
Compositions by Gustav Mahler
Orchestral works
Vocal music
Arrosès

Arroses is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Arroses
I Do Not Care If We Go Down in History as Barbarians

I Do Not Care If We Go Down in History as Barbarians () is a 2018 Romanian Czech German French Bulgarian World War II black comedy movie directed by Radu Jude and starring Ioana Iacob, Alex Bogdan, Alexandru Dabija.
Other websites
2018 movies
2010s war movies
2010s black comedy movies
Romanian comedy movies
Czech movies
German comedy movies
French comedy movies
Bulgarian movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Radu Jude
Flood basalt

A flood basalt or trap basalt is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that coats large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava.
Flood basalts have covered areas as large as a continent in prehistory, creating great plateaus and mountain ranges. Flood basalts have erupted at various times throughout Earth history. They are clear evidence that the Earth has periods of higher activity rather than being in a uniform steady state.
One explanation for flood basalts is that they are caused by the combination of continental rifting and its associated melting. Then a mantle plume produces vast quantities of a basaltic magma. These have a low viscosity, which is why they 'flood' rather than form taller volcanoes.
Flood basalts start at between 100 and 400 km depth, in the asthenosphere. To get a partial melting as large as that of the traps, expelling huge quantities of lava, it is necessary to have a large heat input. Such melting can take place near a hotspot, resulting in a mixture of magma from the depths of the hotspot with superficial magma produced by a mantle plume.
Lava plateaux
A lava plateau is a flat, wide surface (plateau) that is formed when lava comes out of the ground and spreads out very quickly. The layers of lava can build up over time to form a lava plateau. Here are the general properties of lava plateaux:
They are very large areas of basaltic lava with a layered structure.
Lava makes the plateau bigger, and higher, with each eruption.
They tend to be flat.
Mid-ocean ridge eruptions make large plains on the sea floor.
The lava of these plateaux are thin and runny.
These plateaux may take millions of years to form.
Overtime a number of fissure eruptions in the same area can build up a high plateau.
Examples
The Emeishan Traps in southwestern China, around Sichuan province, the Deccan Traps of central India, the Siberian Traps, and the Columbia River Plateau of western North America are four large regions covered by prehistoric flood basalts. The two largest flood basalt events in historic time have been at Eldgja and Lakagigar, both in Iceland. The largest and best-preserved continental flood basalt terrain on Earth is part of the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province in Canada. The maria on the Moon are additional, even more extensive, flood basalts. Flood basalts on the ocean floor produce oceanic plateaus.
The surface covered by one eruption can vary from around 200,000 km2 (Karoo) to 1,500,000 km2 (Siberian Traps). The thickness can vary from 2000 metres (Deccan Traps) to 12,000 m (Lake Superior). These are smaller than the original volumes due to erosion.
Another example of a lava plateau is the Giant's Causeway, in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. This is was originally part of a great volcanic plateau called the Thulean Plateau.
References
Volcanology
Plateaus
Kublai Khan

Kublai Khan (23 Sept. 1215 - 18 Feb. 1294) was a Mongol khan, or military ruler, who brought the Mongol Empire to its greatest height. He finished the invasion of China and was also the founder of the Yuan Dynasty. He lived during the 13th century AD. Kublai Khan was the grandson of the great Mongol king Genghis Khan.
Kublai Khan was born to Tolui Khan, and his wife Sorghaghtani. While growing up, he participated in campaigns with his father, until he was 17 when his father died. He had also participated in campaigns with his older brother. When his brother died in 1259, Kublai had to fight against his younger brother to become Great Khan even though he was next in line to rule.
Kublai led armies against the Song Dynasty and took over most of China and much of Asia. As the first foreigner to rule all of China, he established the Yuan Dynasty, which had Chinese ideas but Mongolian roots.
References
1215 births
1294 deaths
Mongol emperors
Aleksei Petrenko

Aleksei Vasilyevich Petrenko (; 26 March 1938 - 22 February 2017) was a Soviet movie and stage actor. He was known for playing Grigori Rasputin in the Elem Klimov's historical drama Agony and Joseph Stalin in the BBC Two documentary World War II: Behind Closed Doors.
References
Other websites
1938 births
2017 deaths
Russian movie actors
Russian stage actors
Russian voice actors
People from Chernihiv Oblast
Plzeň Region

Plzen Region is a region in the Czech Republic. The capital city is Plzen.
The southern part of the region has the drainage basin for the Otava River. The northern part, especially around Plzen, is more industrial.
Administrative divisions
The Plzen Region is divided into 7 districts ():
References
2001 establishments in Europe
Bohemia
Volkswagen Scirocco

The Volkswagen Scirocco is a car produced by Volkswagen from 1974 to 1992 and again from 2008 to 2017. The Scirocco is a sports coupe with 3 doors and a 4-cylinder petrol or diesel engine.
Scirocco
Front wheel drive vehicles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
The Detroit News

The Detroit News is one of the two major newspapers in the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan.
Newspapers in the United States
Veltins Arena

The Veltins-Arena (between 2001 and 2005 Arena AufSchalke) in Gelsenkirchen, Germany, is the stadium of the German member of the soccer federal league FC Schalke 04. The Veltins arena is one of the most modern stages of the world and possesses since June 2015 a capacity of 62.271 spectators with plays on national level, with international plays due to the standing place prohibition of 54,740 spectators. Apart from the actual use as football stadium of the FC Schalke 04 also different meetings, like concerts, take place in this multi-function arena. Due to the outline of the Rhine stadium in Duesseldorf the arena became occasionally also venue of the Home plays of the American football crew Rhine Fire.
The Veltins arena got 2004 lent of the UEFA the status of a 5-Stars-Stadium. The comment of the UEFA delegation read even: The place of event will the requirements more than fair and could even than 'six star Stadion' be evaluated. It may align thereby final games of the UEFA champions League and the UEFA cup.
Buildings and structures in North Rhine-Westphalia
Football stadiums in Germany
Gelsenkirchen
Sport in North Rhine-Westphalia