pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
This Used to Be My Playground

"This Used to Be My Playground" is a soft rock ballad from American singer Madonna. The song is about memories of childhood dreams. The song was featured in the credits of the movie A League of Their Own in 1992. It is, however, not on the soundtrack album.
The song spent one week at #1 on Billboard Hot 100 in summer 1992.
The longest version of the song is just over six minutes in length.
1992 songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Madonna (entertainer) songs
Mulgi Zali Ho

Mulgi Zali Ho () is an Indian Marathi language television Drama which aired on Star Pravah. The show starred Sharvani Pillai, Kiran Mane, Divya Subhash and Yogesh Sohoni in lead roles. It is produced by Suzana Ghai, Hemant Ruprell and Ranjit Thakur under the banner of Panaroma Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
Cast
Main
Divya Pugaonkar as Sajiri Vilas Patil / Sajiri Shaunak Jahagirdar (Mau)
Maithili Patwardhan as Young Sajiri
Yogesh Sohoni as Shaunak Kedar Jahagirdar
Recurring
Sajiri's family
Sharvani Pillai as Uma Vilas Patil
Kiran Mane / Anand Alkunte as Vilas Patil
Savita Malpekar as Damayanti Patil
Srujan Deshpande as Rohan Vilas Patil
Apoorva Sapkal / Sheetal Gite as Akshara Vilas Patil / Akshara Deepak Rane
Shweta Ambikar as Aarya Rohan Patil / Aarya Rajan Sardeshmukh
Soham Salunkhe as Aaroh Rohan Patil
Divya's family
Aarohi Sambare as Gojiri Shaunak Jahagirdar
Prajakta Kelkar as Kalyani Sardeshmukh / Kalyani Kedar Jahagirdar
Vighnesh Joshi as Kedar Jahagirdar
Anand Kale / Ajay Purkar / Ramesh Rokade as Rajan Sardeshmukh
Pradnya Jawle as Vaishali Rajan Sardeshmukh
Pratiksha Mungekar / Rashmi Joshi as Divya Rajan Sardeshmukh
Others
Manjusha Godse as Suman
Omprakash Shinde as Bhushan Kamat
Sharmishtha Raut as Nilima Sawant
Prajakta Navnale / Gauri Sonar as Siddhi Ashok Gaikwad
Siddharth Khirid as ACP Siddhant Bhosale
Sudesh Mhashalikar / Santosh Patil as Ashok Gaikwad
Swapnil Pawar as Deepak Rane
Priti Kadam as Sheetal
Pankaj Kale as Sunil Shinde
Chitra Khare / Manjusha Khetri / Archana Mungekar as Seema Ashok Gaikwad
Devendra Deo as Mr. Bhosale
Nandini Kulkarni as Revati Bhosale
Production
Mahaepisode
1 hour
4 October 2020
22 November 2020
6 December 2020
20 December 2020
3 January 2021
17 January 2021
7 February 2021
21 February 2021
7 March 2021
21 March 2021
4 July 2021
29 August 2021
3 October 2021
31 October 2021
26 December 2021
6 February 2022
21 August 2022
30 October 2022
13 November 2022
18 December 2022
2 hours
11 April 2021 (Mau's Name Ceremony)
21 November 2021 (Mau-Shaunak's Marriage)
Airing history
TVT Ratings
TVR Ratings
Adaptations
Awards
References
2020 Indian television series debuts
Chinese Rail SS4

The SS4 () is a kind of AC-powered electric locomotive used in China. It was built by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works in 1985 and is still produced as of 2010. It also has an updated version: SS4G ().
Gallery
Other websites
SS4 Electric locomotive for freight,CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive co.,ltd.
Bo-Bo locomotives
Locomotives of China
Elon Gold

Elon Gold (born September 14, 1970) is an American comedian, television actor, writer and producer. Gold was a guest judge on the celebrity impersonation series, The Next Big Thing. He has been in multiple movies such as Cheaper by the Dozen. He was also in the sitcom In-laws.
Gold is from New York. In his younger years, Gold attended the Westchester Day School, in Westchester, and the Marsha Stern Talmudical Academy, in Manhattan. Gold has also stated that he is an observing Jew.
References
Actors from New York (state)
Comedians from New York (state)
1970 births
Living people
Adelite

Adelite is a rare mineral. It is a calcium, magnesium, arsenate with chemical formula CaMgAsO4OH. Adelite was named from the Greek word for indistinct.
It can be blueish-gray, green, gray, yellow, or light green in color. It is made of crystals. Adelite is not radioactive. It is scratched easily with apatite.
The mineral was first described in 1891 in Varmland, Sweden. It can be found in Flipistad, Sweden.
References
Minerals
Samarkand

Samarkand It is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province.
The city is on the old Silk Road between China and the West, and is an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century, it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane), and is the site of his mausoleum, the Gur-e Amir. The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most famous landmarks. The Registan was the ancient centre of the city.
Most of the inhabitants of this city are Persian-speaking and speak the Tajik Persian dialect. This city is one of the historical centers of the Tajik people in Central Asia, which in the past was one of the important cities of the great empires of Iran.
In 2001, UNESCO added the 2,750-year-old city to its World Heritage Site list as Samarkand - Crossroads of Cultures.
History
Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean (Silk Road). At times Samarkand has been one of the greatest cities of Central Asia.
Started about 700 BC by the Persians, Samarkand has been one of the main centres of Persian civilization from its early days. Maracanda was the ancient Greek name for it Alexander the Great conquered the city in 329 BC.
Medieval history
At the start of the 8th century, Samarkand came under Arab control. Under Abbasid rule, the legend goes, the secret of papermaking was learned from two Chinese prisoners in 751. This led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world being founded in Samarkand. The invention then spread to the rest of the Islamic world, and from there to Europe.
Samarkand was sacked by the Mongols under Genghis Khan in 1220. Some of the people survived, but later, Samarkand suffered at least one other Mongol attack. The town took many decades to recover from these disasters. In The Travels of Marco Polo, where Polo records his journey along the Silk Road, Samarkand is described as "a very large and splendid city..." He also writes about a Christian church in Samarkand, which miraculously remained standing after a portion of its central supporting column was removed.
In 1370, Timur the Lame, or Tamerlane, decided to make Samarkand the capital of his empire, stretching from India to Turkey. During the next 35 years, he built a new city and populated it with artisans and craftsmen from all of the places he had conquered. Timur gained a reputation as a patron of the arts, and Samarkand grew to have a population of about 150,000.
Modern history
In 1499, the Uzbek Turks took control of Samarkand. They moved the capital to Bukhara and Samarkand went into decline. The city came under Russian rule in 1868. The Russian section of the city was built after this point, largely to the west of the old city.
The city later became the capital of the Samarkand Oblast of Russian Turkestan and grew in importance still further when the Trans-Caspian railway reached the city in 1888. It became the capital of the Uzbek SSR in 1925 before being replaced by Tashkent in 1930.
References
World Heritage Sites in Asia
Cities in Uzbekistan
Roberts Ķīlis

Roberts Kilis (14 March 1968 - 19 March 2022) was a Latvian politician and social anthropologist. He was born in Riga, Latvia. He was the Minister for Education and Science of Latvia from 2011 until 2013.
Kilis died on 19 March 2022 in Riga, five days after his 54th birthday.
References
1968 births
2022 deaths
Latvian politicians
Latvian scientists
European anthropologists
People from Riga
Yōmei Seamount

is an underwater volcano (seamount) of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain in the Pacific Ocean. Yomei is an extinct volcano.
This seabed mountain is named after Emperor Yomei of Japan.
The last eruption from Yomei seamount was between 60 million and 65 million years ago.
Related pages
Submarine volcano
Active volcano
Dormant volcano
References
Other websites
Seamount Biogeosciences Network, database
Seamounts
Pacific Ocean
Irish English

Irish English is the dialect of the English language spoken in Ireland.
Accent
Vowels
/^/ as in "cut" or "run" is centralized and more rounded
"any" and "many" rhyme with "nanny"
/eI/ as in "rain" or "bay" becomes [e:] ou even /e/ as in "gave" or "came"
the distinction between /o:r/ and /oUr/ is maintained ; hence "horse" and "hoarse" are pronounced differently
Consonants
d/ and /th/ are often pronounced [d] and [t] respectively
/t/ at the end or between two vowels is often flapped
/l/ is non-velarised (unlike in American English)
"r" is always pronounced (unlike in RP) and very often as /r/
Dialects of English
Languages of Ireland
Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is an injury of the hand/wrist region.
Diseases and disorders of joints
Arnasco

Arnasco is a comune in the Province of Savona in the Liguria region in Italy.
Twin towns
Arnasco is twinned with:
Brading, United Kingdom
Rio Cauto, Cuba
References
Settlements in Liguria
Excretion

Excretion is one of the most basic functions of life. It is the process of eliminating waste products of metabolism and other non-useful materials. It is an essential process in all forms of life. It contrasts with secretion, where the substance may have specific tasks after leaving the cell.
In single-celled organisms, waste products are discharged directly through the surface of the cell. Multicellular organisms use more complex methods. Higher plants eliminate gases through the stomata on the surface of leaves. Animals have special excretory organs.
Mammalian excretion
In mammals, excretion is the formation of urine in the kidneys, and expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs. These waste products are eliminated by urination and breathing out respectively. If excretion does not occur in an organism, waste products accumulate, which eventually kill the organism.
Also, food waste is expelled through the anus. Other substances are secreted into the bile, and then eliminated in the faeces. The skin and lungs also have excretory functions: the skin eliminates metabolic wastes like urea and lactic acid through sweating,p395 and the lungs expel carbon dioxide.
Some terms
Mucociliary excretion is the excretion of mucus in the respiratory system. Cilia work to clear the small passages, and coughing removes phlegm.
Biliary excretion goes through the bile duct to the duodenum and removed in the faeces.
Perspiration is the excretion of salts and water from the body, although the main purpose is to cool the body.
Other vertebrates
Aquatic animals usually excrete ammonia directly into the water, as this compound is soluble and there is ample water available for dilution. In terrestrial animals ammonia-like compounds are converted into other nitrogenous materials as there is less water in the environment, and ammonia itself is toxic.
Reptiles and birds excrete their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of a white paste. This allows efficient water retention and it can be stored more easily in the egg. Both uric acid and faeces are expelled through a common opening called the cloaca. Their waste is usually two-coloured: part white (uric acid) and part green or black (organic waste).
Many bird species, especially seabirds, can also excrete salt via specialized nasal salt glands, the saline solution leaving through nostrils in the beak.
References
Physiology
Phyllomedusa tarsius

The brown-belly leaf frog (Phyllomedusa tarsius) is a frog that lives in Guyana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and Brazil.
The adult male frog is to long from nose to rear end. The adult female frog is 11.0 cm long. Their skin is green on the back and some of their toes are brown and white. They have white and orange bellies, white chests, and white throats. Their eyes are orange, red, and black mixed together.
This frog hides during the day and looks for food at night. It lives in trees. Male frogs sit on tall plants near ponds and sing for females. The females lay 200-500 eggs at a time in nests. The nest is built out of leaves in trees hanging over the pond. The female puts jelly on the eggs so they don't dry out. When the tadpoles hatch, they fall out of the nest into the water.
References
Frogs of South America
Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z.

Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z. is the second studio album by American rapper, Tupac Shakur. Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z. was released on February 16, 1993. The album is 2Pac's tenth biggest selling album with 1,366,000 units moved to date.
Songs
References
1993 albums
Tupac Shakur albums
Hip hop albums
Gangsta rap albums
R&B albums
Callulina hanseni

The Hansen's warty frog (Callulina hanseni) is a frog. It lives in Tanzania. It lives in the Nguru South Mountains.
References
Frogs of Africa
Antifa (United States)

The antifa (), short for anti-fascist, movement in the United States is a militant far-left-wing, anti-fascist political activist movement. It is made up of activist groups that protest with the use of direct action instead of policy changes.
The methods include protesting, digital activism, property damage, physical violence and harassment against those who they see as fascist, racist, or on the far-right.
The movement has anti-capitalist views and support anarchism, communism, liberalism, social democracy and socialism.
It has been called a terrorist movement by President Donald Trump after the group took part in the George Floyd protests in 2020.
References
Political movements
Phoenix, Sayreville, New Jersey

Phoenix, Sayreville, New Jersey is a neighborhood of Sayreville, New Jersey.
References
Neighborhoods in the United States
Settlements in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
Podcasting

Podcasting is a way to share information as digital audio files. People often subscribe, download, and share podcasts using a computer and listen to them on an MP3 player.
Many podcasts are similar to broadcast radio news or discussion programs. Some use other formats such as a continuing story, comedy show, lecture, or audiobook.
As of 7 August 2022, there are at least 2,864,367 podcasts and 135,736,875 episodes.
Different types
Podcasts can be found for almost anything. Radio shows, do-it-yourself projects, special interest groups, religious sermons, comedy sketches, cartoons, and just about anything else can be found. A podcast can be found using a podcast search engine. Once a podcast is found, it can be subscribed to, like a magazine or newspaper, and streamed or downloaded. Podcasting services are used to stream or download podcasts and listen to them.
Podcasting has become so popular that many people who write for magazines or report news on television have also been putting out their own podcasts. Anyone can start a podcast and share their knowledge with the world with the help of different platforms that are currently available online.
References
Other websites
Podcasting News Directory
Ústí nad Labem

Usti nad Labem (, ) is the seventh-largest city in the Czech Republic. The area has many mountains. The city is where the Bilina and Elbe rivers join.
Twin towns - Sister cities
Usti is twinned with:
Halton, United Kingdom
Chemnitz, Germany
Vladimir, Russia
References
Other websites
Official Website
Cities in the Czech Republic
Usti nad Labem Region
Zambezi Region

Zambezi is a region in Namibia. The capital is Katima Mulilo. It is named after the Zambezi River that runs along its border. This region is the only part of Namibia that borders Zambia.
Until 2013, it was known as Caprivi.
The region is home to 450 animal species, including elephants. The wildlife is protected by several national parks: Bwabwata National Park, Mamili National Park, and Mudumu National Park.
There are 8 constituencies:
Judea Lyaboloma
Kabbe North
Kabbe South
Katima Mulilo Rural
Katima Mulilo Urban
Kongola
Linyanti
Sibbinda
References
Regions of Namibia
List of San Francisco Municipal Railway lines

Cable car lines
Muni Metro and historic streetcar lines
Local bus lines
Rapid bus lines
Express bus lines
Owl bus lines
References
Other websites
SFMTA - Muni Routes & Stops
San Francisco Municipal Railway
San Francisco-related lists
Transport lists
Probability theory

Probability theory is the part of mathematics that studies random situations. Probability theory usually studies random events, random variables, stochastic processes, and non-deterministic events (events that do not follow a simple pattern).
Tossing a coin, winning the lottery, or rolling a die are random events. However, random events have certain patterns, which can be studied and predicted, using probability theory.
Scientists can use probability theory to obtain information about things that would be too complex to deal with, like statistical mechanics. Also, scientists discovered (in the 20th century) that atoms, and everything that we know, obeys something called quantum mechanics, which uses lots of probability theory.
History
The theory of probability was created by Gerolamo Cardano, a medical doctor and gambler who tried to calculate his luck. Years later, Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal helped develop Cardano's theory.
Today, probability theory is used in statistics, which is useful to all kinds of areas: like medicine, economy, Science, Mathematics...
Related pages
Fuzzy logic
Variance
Law of large numbers
Central limit theorem
Statistics
Bibliography
The first major treatise blending calculus with probability theory, originally in French: Theorie Analytique des Probabilites.
The modern measure-theoretic foundation of probability theory; the original German version (Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitrechnung) appeared in 1933.
A lively introduction to probability theory for the beginner.
References
Panchthar District

Panchthar district ( ) is a district in Nepal. It is in the Koshi Province.
Related pages
Districts of Nepal
References
Other websites
Districts of Nepal
Oberlangenegg

Oberlangenegg is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Bern
Kaumodaki

Kaumodaki is the most powerful gada(mace) in the Hindu mythology.It is Lord Vishnu 's weapon .In some texts it's written that the mace was gifted by Varuna ( Lord of the waters in Hindu mythlogy) in the dwapara yuga to Lord Krishna to help Agni and fight Indra.
Hindu mythology
La Ward, Texas

La Ward is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Ménières

Menieres is a municipality of the district Broye in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Fribourg
Emirate of Fujairah

Fujairah is an emirate on the east coast of the United Arab Emirates. The emirate lies along the Gulf of Oman.
Notable features
Fujairah is known for its beaches and the Hajar Mountains, which run through much of the emirate. In the south, the city of Fujairah is home to the massive Sheikh Zayed Mosque, known for its towering white minarets. Overlooking the city is the Fujairah Fort, a reconstructed 17th-century fortress featuring round and square towers.
References
Emirates of the United Arab Emirates
Yoshi (video game)

Yoshi is a puzzle game for the NES and Game Boy. It features Yoshi, the titular character. It is known in Europe and Australia as Mario & Yoshi and in Japan as Yoshi no Tamago (yotsushinotamago, lit. "Yoshi's Egg").
Gameplay
In this game, players must stack two of the same Mario enemy on top of another to clear them. The game was inspired by Tetris.
Release
The NES version of this game was later released on the Virtual Console for the Wii in 2007, the Nintendo 3DS in 2011-2012, and the Wii U in 2013. It was also made available as one of the 20 NES titles at the Nintendo Switch Online's service launch in September 2018.
Video games
Hand, foot, and mouth disease

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a human disease which is caused by a strain of Coxsackie A virus. Symptoms include:
Fever
Headache
Vomiting
Fatigue
General discomfort (aches and pains)
Earache
Sore throat
Painful mouth sores
Body rash
Sores with blisters on hand
Mouth lesions
Loss of appetite
Diarrhea
HFMD is very common, especially in babies and young children. It is easily spread from person to person, so it often happens in a nursery or kindergarten. Only a small number of people get sick enough to go to a hospital. There is also no specific treatment for HFMD. It goes away on its own after one or two weeks.
References
Diseases caused by viruses
La Vèze

La Veze () is a commune in the Doubs department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in eastern France.
Population
Related pages
Communes of the Doubs department
References
Communes in Doubs
Michelle Rodriguez

Michelle Rodriguez (born July 12, 1978 near San Antonio, Texas) is an American movie and television actress who has starred in numerous television programs and movies. She began with Girlfight in 2000 and continued with other notable movies, such as Avatar and Machete.
Personal life
Rodriguez is bisexual.
American movie actors
Actors from San Antonio, Texas
1978 births
Bisexual people
Living people
American television actors
American voice actors
LGBT actors
LGBT people from Texas
Richard Kiel

Richard Dawson Kiel (September 13, 1939 - September 10, 2014) was an American actor, voice actor, video game actor and stage actor. He was perhaps best known and remembered for his role as Voltaire to Dr. Miguelito Loveless in the first season episodes of The Wild, Wild West (1965-1966). Keil was perhaps most notable and best known for his most prominent role as Jaws in the James Bond movies The Spy Who Loved Me and Moonraker. Keil's movie and television acting career had lasted for about and over 50 years.
Early life
Kiel was born and raised in Detroit, Michigan. He had since then moved to Fresno, California and had began with his acting career in Hollywood and had lived here then and there on with his whole family until and up to the time of his death in 2014.
Acting career
Kiel began with his acting career in 1960. His first television role was in the television show Laramie and his first movie role was in the 1961 movie The Phantom Planet.
Kiel also played the role of the tough and steel titanium-toothed Bond villain Jaws in the James Bond movies The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and Moonraker (1985) as well as in the James Bond video game Everything or Nothing. He also played Mr. Larson in the 1996 comedy film Happy Gilmore.
In 1986, Kiel was nominated for a Saturn Award for his most prominent role as Jaws in both The Spy Who Loved Me and Moonraker.
Kiel's last television role was in the 2000 television series Bloodhounds, Inc. and his last movie and voice role was in the 2010 animated movie Tangled, where and in which he played and provided the voice for the character of Vladimir.
Personal life
Kiel was originally married to Faye Daniels from 1960 until they divorced in 1973. Then, he was married for a second time to Diane Rogers from 1974 until his death in 2014. Both Kiel and Rogers had 4 children together.
Keil also had acromegaly, which creates too much growth hormones. In 2005, he also wrote his own autobiography "Making It BIG In The Movies".
Death
Kiel died on September 10, 2014 in Fresno, California at the age of 74. Kiel died from a heart attack caused by coronary artery disease. He was about just 3 days away from just before turning 75. Prior to his death, Keil had already since then been admitted to a hospital in Fresno after breaking his leg while during over in the previous week.
References
Other websites
1939 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from coronary artery disease
Actors who played Bond villains
Actors from Detroit
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American video game actors
American stage actors
Lauwin-Planque

Lauwin-Planque is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,621 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Tigger

Tigger is a fictional tiger. He has orange fur with black stripes. He was first written about in A. A. Milne's book The House at Pooh Corner. He is easily recognized by his beady eyes, long chin, springy tail, and bouncy personality. As he says himself, "Bouncing is what Tiggers do best." Like other Pooh characters, Tigger is based on one of Christopher Robin Milne's stuffed animals.
Characters in written fiction
Fictional animals
Disney characters
Kingdom Hearts characters
Juneau, Alaska

The City and Borough of Juneau is the capital city of Alaska. It has been the capital of Alaska since 1906. It is one of 2 capital cities that cannot be reached by road, the other being Honolulu, Hawaii.
The government of the then-District of Alaska was moved from Sitka by the decision of the U.S. Congress. The municipality unified in 1970 when the city of Juneau merged with the city of Douglas and the surrounding Greater Juneau Borough to form the current home rule municipality.
The area of Juneau is larger than that of Rhode Island and Delaware individually and almost as large as the two states combined. Downtown Juneau is at the base of Mount Juneau and across the channel from Douglas Island. As of the 2020 census, the City and Borough had a population of 32,255.
Juneau is named after gold prospector Joe Juneau, though the place was for a time called Rockwell and then Harrisburg (after Juneau's co-prospector, Richard Harris).
The Tlingit name of the town is Dzantik'i Heeni ("river where the flounders gather"), and Auke Bay just north of Juneau proper is called Aak'w ("little lake") in Tlingit. The Taku River, just south of Juneau, was named after the cold t'aakh wind, which occasionally blows down from the mountains.
Downtown Juneau sits at sea level, with tides averaging , below steep mountains about to high. Atop these mountains is the Juneau Icefield, a large ice mass from which about 30 glaciers flow; two of these, the Mendenhall Glacier and the Lemon Creek Glacier, are visible from the local road system; the Mendenhall glacier has been generally retreating; its front face is declining both in width and height.
The Alaska State Capitol in downtown Juneau was originally built as the Federal and Territorial Building in 1931. Prior to statehood, it housed federal government offices, the federal courthouse and a post office. It also housed the territorial legislature and many other territorial offices, including that of the governor. Today, it is still the home of the state legislature and the offices of the governor and lieutenant governor. Other executive branch offices have largely moved elsewhere, in Juneau or elsewhere in the state, in the ongoing battle between branches for space in the building, as well as the decades-long capital move issue. Recent discussion has been focused between relocating the seat of state government outside of Juneau and building a new capitol building in Juneau. Neither position has advanced very far. The Alaska Committee, a local community advocacy group, has led efforts to thus far keep the capital in Juneau.
References
Other websites
City and Borough of Juneau
Visit Juneau
Picture of Juneau and Douglas Island, 1914
State capitals in the United States
Cities in Alaska
Alaska boroughs
1881 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Alaska
Thomas Robert Malthus

The Rev. Thomas Robert Malthus FRS (13 February 1766 - 23 December 1834), was a British writer on political economy and population. Malthus popularised the economic theory of rent, and was the first to use the phrase struggle for existence.
Views on population
Malthus is famous for his theories about population: its increase or decrease in response to various factors. There were six editions of his An Essay on the Principle of Population, published from 1798 to 1826. He said that sooner or later population gets checked, by famine, disease, and widespread mortality.
He wrote in opposition to many who saw society as improving, and (in principle) as perfectible.viii William Godwin and the Marquis de Condorcet, for example, believed in the possibility of almost limitless improvement of society. So, in a more complex way, did Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whose notions centered on the goodness of man and the liberty of citizens bound only by the social contract.
Malthus thought that the dangers of population growth would prevent endless progress towards a utopian society:
"The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man".p13
As an Anglican clergyman, Malthus saw this situation as divinely imposed to teach virtuous behaviour.p104-105 Believing that one could not change human nature, Malthus wrote:
"Must it not then be acknowledged by an attentive examiner of the histories of mankind, that in every age and in every State in which man has existed, or does now exist,
that the increase of population is necessarily limited by the means of subsistence,
that population does invariably increase when the means of subsistence increase, and,
that the superior power of population is repressed, and the actual population kept equal to the means of subsistence, by misery and vice".p61
Economic views
Malthus placed the longer-term stability of the economy above short-term expediency. He criticised the Poor Laws,p39-45 and (alone among important contemporary economists) supported the Corn Laws, which introduced a system of taxes on British imports of wheat.pxx He thought these measures would encourage domestic production, and so promote long-term benefits.
Influence
Malthus became hugely influential, and controversial, in economic, political, social and scientific thought. Many evolutionary biologists read him, especially Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. For both of them, Malthusianism became a stepping-stone to the idea of natural selection. Malthus is still a writer of great significance and controversy.
References
Other websites
1766 births
1834 deaths
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British economists
Demography
English Anglicans
English priests
English scientists
Writers from Surrey
David Goodall (botanist)

David William Goodall (4 April 1914 - 10 May 2018) was a British-Australian botanist, activist and ecologist. Goodall was born in London. He was important in the early development of statistical methods in ecology, such as the study of vegetation. He was also a pro-euthanasia activist.
Goodall became a centenarian in April 2014. In the 2016 Australia Day Honours list Goodall was made a Member of the Order of Australia.
On 30 April 2018, Goodall said he wanted to end his own life in May of that year through assisted suicide. He died at a nursing center in Liestal, Switzerland on 10 May 2018 by euthanasia at the age of 104.
References
1914 births
2018 deaths
Australian activists
British activists
British botanists
Deaths by euthanasia
Drug-related suicides
Ecologists
English centenarians
Scientists from London
Writers from London
Mala Ilomska

Mala Ilomska is very short (around 2 km) right tributary of Ilomska - one of right tributaries of Ugar - in Central Bosnia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Skender Vakuf Municipality.
This small river is formed from seven springs and streams at the Petrovo polje (Peter's field), on the southwestern slopes of the hill Omarike (1243 m). The min source is at an altitude of about 1230 m, and one of the registered is Bijeljino spring, near the hamlet of Nikodinovici. In addition to these, there are no significant tributaries.
Related pages
Ilomska
Petrovo polje (Bosnia)
Petrovo Polje (Skender Vakuf)
References
Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
BNK48

BNK48 (read B.N.K. Forty-eight or Bangkok48) is an Thai idol girl group and the third international sister group of Japan's AKB48, following Indonesia's JKT48 and China's SNH48.
Sub-units
Mimigumo
Mimigumo is the first BNK48 sub-unit group released on September 1, 2019.
Vyra
Vyra (formerly known as Lyra) is the second BNK48 sub-unit group, consisting of 6 members. They were chosen to be trained by Universal Music Thailand and debuted on October 7, 2020. The group currently has 5 members and was renamed Vyra on March 12, 2021.
Discography
River (2018)
Jabaja (2019)
Warota People (2020)
References
Further reading
Other websites
2017 establishments in Asia
Girl groups
Ruppoldsried

Ruppoldsried was a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Ruppoldsried merged into the municipality of Rapperswil.
Former municipalities of Bern
2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Connie Culp

Connie Culp (March 26, 1963 - July 30, 2020) was the first United States recipient of a partial face transplant. It was performed at the Cleveland Clinic in December 2008.
Culp was shot in the face by her husband Thomas G. "Tom" Culp in a failed murder-suicide in September 2004. The shotgun blast destroyed Culp's nose, cheeks, the roof of her mouth and an eye. She had over thirty surgeries.
Culp died on July 30, 2020 at the Cleveland Clinic from problems caused by an infection, aged 57.
References
1963 births
2020 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Organ transplant recipients
American crime victims
People from Ohio
Tranås

Tranas is a town in the county of Jonkoping in Sweden. It is the seat of Tranas Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Jonkoping County
Talca

Talca is a Chilean city with 201.797 inhabitants (2002 census).
History
Talca was founded like Villa San Agustin de Talca by the Spanish Jose Antonio Manso de Velasco on 1881.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Talca municipality
Cities in Chile
Savo Milošević

Savo Milosevic (born 2 September 1973) is a former Serbian football player. He has played for Serbia national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Partizan||rowspan="3"|First League||31||14
|-
|1993/94||32||30
|-
|1994/95||35||30
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Aston Villa||rowspan="3"|Premier League||37||12
|-
|1996/97||30||9
|-
|1997/98||23||7
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="2"|La Liga||35||17
|-
|1999/00||37||20
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Parma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||21||8
|-
|2001/02||10||1
|-
|2001/02||Real Zaragoza||La Liga||16||6
|-
|2002/03||Espanyol Barcelona||La Liga||34||12
|-
|2003/04||Celta Vigo||La Liga||37||14
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Osasuna||rowspan="3"|La Liga||27||6
|-
|2005/06||32||11
|-
|2006/07||23||4
|-
|2008||Rubin Kazan||Premier League||16||3
98||74
90||28
241||90
31||9
16||3
476||204
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||7||4
|-
|1996||7||5
|-
|1997||9||5
|-
|1998||11||2
|-
|1999||7||4
|-
|2000||12||6
|-
|2001||8||5
|-
|2002||9||1
|-
|2003||10||1
|-
|2004||7||2
|-
|2005||8||0
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||1||2
|-
!Total||102||37
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
Serbian footballers
Lieutenancies Act 1997

The Lieutenancies Act 1997 (1997 c. 23) is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom.
A Lord Lieutenant is the Queen's representative in a county or other area.
The Lieutenancies Act sets out the areas in which Lords-Lieutenant work in Great Britain. It came into force on 1 July 1997.
These areas are usually called "ceremonial counties" or "preserved counties" in Wales. In Scotland a Statutory Instrument (rule written by a minister) defines the size of the lieutenancy. They are usually one local council area, but some council areas are too small or to large for one Lord Lieutenant.
For a list of the areas in England see Ceremonial counties of England
Other websites
Text of the act
British monarchy
1990s Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
1997 in the United Kingdom
Yonkers, New York

Yonkers is the 4th largest city in the American state of New York. It is the southwestern part of Westchester County
Yonkers borders the New York City borough of The Bronx and is 2 miles (3 km) north of Manhattan. Broadway runs through all three, and railroads also connect them to Grand Central Terminal. The Bronx River separates Yonkers from Mount Vernon, New York on the east. The Hudson River is on the west. The city's best-known attraction is Yonkers Raceway, a harness racing track. There is a large shopping area along Central Park Avenue. It is sometimes called "Central Avenue" by area residents.
Sources
1640s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
17th-century establishments in New York
Pentathlon

A pentathlon is a sports contest with five different events. The name comes from two Greek words. Pente means five and athlon means competition. The first pentathlon was in Ancient Greece and was part of the Ancient Olympic Games. The five events were long jump, javelin throw, and discus throw, followed by the stadion (a short foot race) and wrestling.
Modern pentathlon
The modern pentathlon is a sports contest that includes five events. They are pistol shooting, fencing, 200 m freestyle swimming, show jumping, and a 3 km cross-country run. It was invented by Pierre de Coubertin.
The event was first held at the 1912 Olympic Games. It was won by Swedish athlete Gosta Lilliehook. Since 1949 there is a yearly World Championship unless there is an Olympic Game.
Related pages
Biathlon
References
Events in athletics
Gaelic handball

Gaelic handball is a game where two players use their hands to return a ball against a wall. The game is similar to American handball; Gaelic handballers play against their US counterparts.
Other websites
HandballCity.com
Colorado Handball Association in USA
www.handball.ie
Irish Handball Results
www.gaa.ie
United States Handball Association
Collegiate Handball in Ireland
World Pro Handballl
handballvideo.com
Handball Social Network
Handball
Sport in Ireland
Claude Lombard

Claude Lombard (25 February 1945 - 20 September 2021) was a Belgian pop singer. She was best known for her participation in the 1968 Eurovision Song Contest. She performed "Quand tu reviendras" ("When You Come Back"), representing Belgium. She was born in Brussels.
Lombard died on 20 September 2021 in Brussels at the age of 76.
References
1945 births
2021 deaths
Belgian singers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Pop singers
Entertainers from Brussels
Valery Karpin

Valery Karpin (born 2 February 1969) is a former Russian football player. He has played for Soviet Union national team and Russia national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1986||rowspan="2"|Tallinna Sport||||10||1
|-
|1987||||15||0
|-
|1988||CSKA Moscow||First League||3||0
|-
|1989||Fakel Voronezh||First League||25||7
|-
|1990||rowspan="2"|Spartak Moscow||rowspan="2"|Top League||21||1
|-
|1991||28||3
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|Spartak Moscow||rowspan="3"|Top League||25||7
|-
|1993||30||13
|-
|1994||12||5
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Real Sociedad||rowspan="2"|La Liga||35||3
|-
|1995/96||37||13
|-
|1996/97||Valencia||La Liga||36||6
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="5"|Celta Vigo||rowspan="5"|La Liga||37||4
|-
|1998/99||34||8
|-
|1999/00||34||6
|-
|2000/01||30||5
|-
|2001/02||33||3
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Real Sociedad||rowspan="3"|La Liga||36||8
|-
|2003/04||38||7
|-
|2004/05||33||5
102||12
67||25
383||68
552||105
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1992||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
|-
|1992||3||1
|-
|1993||6||0
|-
|1994||6||1
|-
|1995||8||3
|-
|1996||12||4
|-
|1997||2||0
|-
|1998||5||0
|-
|1999||9||6
|-
|2000||4||1
|-
|2001||9||0
|-
|2002||7||1
|-
|2003||1||0
|-
!Total||72||17
|}
References
1969 births
Living people
Russian footballers
Amity, Arkansas

Amity is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Garland, Maine

Garland is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Northern Canada

Northern Canada, sometimes referred to by Canadians as simply the North, is the vast northernmost region of Canada. The term refers to the three territories of Canada: Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Other parts of Northern Canada may include Northern Quebec and Northern Labrador.
Regions of Canada
Relaxin

Relaxin is a peptide hormone.
Function
In humans
Relaxin is produced in females. It rises to a peak about 14 days after ovulation, and then declines if the egg is not fertilised. During the first three months of pregnancy, levels rise and more relaxin is produced. Relaxin adjusts blood supply during pregnancy. It also relaxes pelvic ligaments. It softens the pubic symphysis (the ligaments joining the bottom of the pelvis).
In males, relaxin also has a function: it enhances motility of sperm in semen.
In other animals
In animals, relaxin widens the pubic bone and facilitates labor. It also softens the cervix (cervical ripening), and relaxes the uterine musculature. Thus, for a long time, relaxin was looked at as a pregnancy hormone. However, its significance may reach much further. Relaxin affects collagen metabolism, inhibiting collagen synthesis and enhancing its breakdown.
References
Hormones
Peptides
Karel Schoeman

Karel Schoeman (26 October 1939 - 1 May 2017) was a South African novelist, historian, and translator. He was the author of 19 novels and many works of history. He was one of South Africa's most honored authors.
Schoeman wrote mainly in Afrikaans, although several of his non-fiction books were originally written in English. His novels are increasingly being translated into other languages, notably, English, French and Dutch.
Shoeman died in an act of suicide by refusing to eat or drink at a retirement center in South Africa at the age of 77.
Related pages
List of historians by continent
References
1939 births
2017 deaths
People who committed suicide
Deaths from starvation
South African writers
African novelists
Translators
Historians
Don's Fountain of Youth

Don's Fountain of Youth is a 1953 American animated short film by Walt Disney Productions featuring Donald Duck.
Voice cast
Clarence Nash as Donald Duck, Huey, Dewey and Louie
Releases
1953 - Theatrical release
1954 - Disneyland, episode #1.4: "The Donald Duck Story" (TV)
1961 - Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color, episode #8.11: "Kids Is Kids" (TV)
1972 - The Mouse Factory, episode #2.1: "Alligators" (TV)
1978 - Donald Duck's Cartoon Mania (theatrical)
c. 1983 - Good Morning, Mickey!, episode #68 (TV)
1990 - The Magical World of Disney: "Donald, the Star-Studded Duck" (TV)
c. 1992 - Mickey's Mouse Tracks, episode #63 (TV)
c. 1992 - Donald's Quack Attack, episode #51 (TV)
1998 - The Ink and Paint Club, episode #1.34: Donald's Nephews (TV)
Home media
The short was released on November 11, 2008 on Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume Four: 1951-1961.
Additional releases include:
2000 - Bonus on Gold Collection DVD release of The Three Caballeros (DVD)
2006 - Walt Disney's Funny Factory, Vol. 4: Huey Dewey & Louie Vol. 4
References
Other websites
Disney animated movies
Carlotta Ikeda

Sanae "Carlotta" Ikeda (; 19 February 1941 - 24 September 2014) was a Japanese butoh dancer. She started her career in the early 1960s. She first became a member of the butoh group Dairakudakan in the early 1970s. She founded the Ariadone Company, an all-female butoh dance troupe, with Ko Murobushi in 1974.
Ikeda was born in Fukui, Fukui Prefecture. At the age of 19, she graduated from a dance school in Tokyo. Her stage name was in honour of Italian ballet dancer Carlotta Grisi. In the 1980s, she moved to Paris, France.
Ikeda died from liver cancer on 24 September 2014 in Bordeaux, aged 73.
References
Other websites
1941 births
2014 deaths
Ballet dancers
Cancer deaths in France
Deaths from liver cancer
Japanese entertainers
People from Fukui Prefecture
Professor Mamlock (1938 movie)

Professor Mamlock () is a 1938 Soviet drama movie directed by Herbert Rappaport and Adolf Minkin. It stars Semyon Mezhinsky, E. Nikitina, and Oleg Zhakov.
Actors
Semyon Mezhinsky - Prof. Mamlock
E. Nikitina - Mrs. Mamlock
Oleg Zhakov - Rolf Mamlock
Robert Colley - Ethiopian Astronaut
Georgi Budarov - Willi
Natalia Faussek - Mother Wendt
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1938 movies
Soviet drama movies
Troy (movie)

Troy is a 2004 Anglo-American action movie about the Trojan War. The movie was nominated for an Oscar in 2005. It stars Brad Pitt as Achilles, Eric Bana as Hector, and Peter O'Toole as King Priam. Diane Kruger is Helen of Sparta.
Plot
In Sparta, Prince Hector and his young brother Paris want Troy and Sparta to have peace but there is a war. The Greeks come and take control of a beach at Troy. Achilles and the Myrmidons kill many Trojans. Achilles and Hector meet but do not fight. The Trojans have a surprise attack. As the Greeks are close to losing, Achilles comes with the Myrmidons, and joins the fight. Achilles fights Hector and Hector is killed. After Hector's death, the Greeks make a plan to come into Troy using a wooden horse. Trojans think the wooden horse is a gift to the Gods. The Trojans take the horse into the city and celebrate. Greeks come out of the horse at night, opening the doors to the city. This lets the army enter the city and The Trojans are defeated. Paris killed Achilles but died after the war.
References
Other websites
2004 action movies
2000s war movies
2000s epic movies
2000s historical movies
American action movies
American epic movies
American war movies
British action movies
British war movies
Maltese movies
Movies directed by Wolfgang Petersen
Movies based on Greek and Roman mythology
Haitham bin Tariq

Haitham bin Tariq Al Said (, transliteration: Haitham bin Tariq Al Sa'id; born 13 October 1954) is the Sultan of Oman, having succeeded his cousin Qaboos bin Said on 11 January 2020. He previously served as Minister of Heritage and Culture in the Sultanate of Oman.
Succession
After his cousin, Sultan Qaboos, died on 10 January 2020, Haitham bin Tariq became Sultan of Oman. Oman state TV said that the Council of Oman opened a letter by Sultan Qaboos bin Said that he wrote before he died. The letter said who he wanted to rule Oman after he died. After that, they made Haitham bin Tariq the Sultan of Oman.
References
1954 births
Living people
Sultans of Oman
Current national leaders
Muslims
Couffoulens

Couffoulens is a commune of 601 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Christopher Robin (movie)

Christopher Robin is an 2018 British-American fantasy adventure comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Marc Forster. It was written by Tom McCarthy, Alex Ross Perry, and Allison Schroeder.
The movie is inspired by A. A. Milne's book Winnie the Pooh. It is a live-action/CGI continuation of the Disney franchise of the same name.
The movie stars Ewan McGregor, Hayley Atwell, Bronte Carmichael and Mark Gatiss, along with the voices of Jim Cummings, Brad Garrett, Toby Jones, Nick Mohammed, Peter Capaldi and Sophie Okonedo.
Christopher Robin was released on August 3, 2018 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in the United States.
References
Other websites
2010s American adventure movies
2018 animated movies
2018 comedy-drama movies
2010s American fantasy movies
Disney animated movies
2010s English-language movies
Movies based on books
British adventure movies
British animated movies
British comedy-drama movies
British fantasy movies
Movies set in London
Winnie the Pooh
Movies about bears
Movies directed by Marc Forster
Our Lady Peace

Our Lady Peace is a Canadian alternative rock band. They formed in 1992 in Toronto. The members of the group are Raine Maida, the singer, who also plays the rhythm guitar, Jason Pierce, who plays the drums, Duncan Coutts, who plays the bass guitar and backing vocals and Steve Mazur, who plays the guitar and backing vocals. A Decade is the name of their greatest hits album. They have a live audience DVD out also. They have many Billboard awards.
Discography
Studio albums
1994: Naveed
1997: Clumsy
1999: Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch
2000: Spiritual Machines
2002: Gravity
2005: Healthy in Paranoid Times
2009: Burn Burn
2012: Curve
2018: Somethingness
2021: Spiritual Machines 2
Live and compilation albums
2003: Live
2006: A Decade
2009: The Very Best of Our Lady Peace
Other websites
Our Lady Peace's official website
1990s music groups
1992 establishments in Canada
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian rock bands
Post-grunge bands
List of World Heavyweight Champions (WWE)

This is the title history of the World Heavyweight Championship. The title was introduced in 2002 when WWE bought out World Championship Wrestling WCW. It was retired and unified on December 16, 2013 when Randy Orton defeated John Cena at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs.
Title History
As of , .
List of combined reigns
References
Other websites
WWE World Heavyweight Title History
Lists of professional wrestlers
World Wrestling Entertainment championships