pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Napoleon Sarony

Napoleon Sarony (March 9, 1821 - November 9, 1896) was an American lithographer and photographer. He was a very popular portrait photographer, best known for his photos of the actors of late-19th-century American theater. His son, Otto Sarony, continued the family business as a theater and movie star photographer.
References
1821 births
1896 deaths
American photographers
People from Quebec City
Mark Rowley

Sir Mark Peter Rowley QPM (November 1964) is a British senior police officer. He is currently the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis since September 12, 2022.
He was the Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis for Special Operations and concurrent chairperson of the National Police Chiefs' Council Counter-Terrorism Co-ordinating Committee and National Director of Counter Terrorism Policy. He was previously Chief Constable of Surrey Police (2009-2011), and was also Interim Deputy Chief Constable of the Metropolitan Police between February 2017 and April 2017. He retired from the police in March 2018. In July 2022 , it was announced that he was returning to policing as the City's Police Commissioner, replacing former Commissioner Dame Cressida Dick. He was right in as Commissioner on 12 September 2022.
1964 births
Living people
Police officers
Haskell-Baker Wetlands

The Haskell-Baker Wetlands is a nature preserve and wetlands. It is big, and it is south of Lawrence, Kansas, United States. It is grouped with the Wakarusa River. It is maintained by levees and flood controls built in the 1990s.
Baker University owns 573 acres, which is most of the wetlands; Haskell Indian Nations University owns 27 acres; the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks owns 20 acres; the University of Kansas owns 20 acres.
In 1969, the National Park Service said the wetlands is a National Natural Landmark. The wetlands has 413 species of plants, 265 species of birds, and 61 other vertebrate species.
References
Other websites
Lawrence, Kansas
Wetlands
Dreaming of Rita

Dreaming of Rita () is a 1993 Swedish Finnish comedy movie directed by Jon Lindstrom and starring Marika Lagercrantz, Philip Zanden, Yaba Holst, Adam Blanning, Per Oscarsson, Gert Fylking.
Other websites
1993 comedy movies
Swedish comedy movies
Finnish movies
Movies directed by Jon Lindstrom
Joel Edgerton

Joel Edgerton (born 23 June 1974) is an Australian actor and filmmaker. He is best known for his roles in movies such as Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002), Ned Kelly (2003), Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005), Animal Kingdom (2010), Warrior (2011), The Odd Life of Timothy Green, Zero Dark Thirty (both 2012), The Great Gatsby (2013), The Gift, Black Mass (both 2015), Loving (2016), It Comes at Night (2017) and Red Sparrow (2018).
Edgerton was born in Blacktown, New South Wales. His brother, Nash, is a movie director.
References
Other websites
1974 births
Living people
Actors from Sydney
Australian movie actors
Australian movie directors
Australian movie producers
Australian screenwriters
Australian television actors
Australian voice actors
Writers from Sydney
Arkady Babchenko

Arkady Arkadyevich Babchenko (; born 18 March 1977) is a Russian journalist and war correspondent. He was a critic of President Vladimir Putin. He was born in Moscow. He temporarily left journalism and worked as a taxi driver for several years, but in January 2009 started working in Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta. As a military correspondent, he followed the South Ossetia war in 2008.
Beginning in October 2017, Babchenko began working in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, for the TV channel ATR.
Babchenko faked his own assassination at his Kiev apartment on 29 May 2018 to arrest Russian spies who were plotting (or making a plan about) his assassination. However, the next day, he appeared alive at a press conference with the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU). According to the SBU the 'murder' had been staged to arrest his assassins, who were operating on orders by Russian security services.
References
Other websites
1977 births
Living people
Russian journalists
Critics
Political writers
Writers from Moscow
Creed Bratton

Creed Bratton (born William Charles Schneider; February 8, 1943) is an American actor and musician. He is a former member of the band The Grass Roots. He is best known for playing a fictional version of himself on the U.S. television series The Office.
References
1943 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Musicians from Los Angeles
American folk singers
American rock guitarists
Comedians from California
Pseudonyms
Singer-songwriters from California
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (29 August 1780 - 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. Although he considered himself a painter of history in the tradition of Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David, by the end of his life it was Ingres's portraits, both painted and drawn, that were recognized as his greatest legacy.
Gallery
1780 births
1867 deaths
French painters
Damages

In law, damages are an award, usually of money. It is to be paid to a person as compensation for loss or injury. The rules for damages can and frequently do vary based on the type of claim which is presented (e.g., breach of contract versus a tort claim) and the jurisdiction. Damages are not the same as court costs which includes the costs to bring a legal case to court. The losing party may also have to pay court costs.
Categories
In common law countries, damages are usually categorized into compensatory (or actual) damages, and punitive damages. Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages and general damages. Special damages include economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses. General damages are noneconomic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Statutory damages are those required by statute.
Compensatory damages
Compensatory damages are paid to compensate the claimant for loss, injury, or harm suffered as a result of another's negligence (tort law). Expectation damages are used in contract law. In civil law countries, these are called "ordinary damages" and may be limited to actual loss.
Punitive damages
Generally, punitive damages, which are also termed exemplary damages in the United Kingdom, are not awarded in order to compensate the plaintiff, but in order to reform or deter the defendant. They are also to intended to be an example to others not to do the same thing. Punitive damages are awarded when it is determined that compensatory damages are not enough. Punitive damages are awarded over and above the amount of compensatory damages, such as in the event of malice or intent. Great judicial restraint is expected to be exercised in their use. In the United States punitive damages awards are subject to the limitations imposed by the due process of law clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.
Punitive damages in most civil law countries are not awarded.
Statutory damages
Statutory damages are an amount stated within the statute rather than calculated based on the degree of harm to the plaintiff. Lawmakers will provide for statutory damages for acts in which it is difficult to determine the value of the harm to the victim. Someone breaking the law can entitle the victim to a statutory award. This is even if no actual injury happened.
For example, United States Civil Code 18 USC SSSS2520 provides for statutory damages to victims of various wiretapping offenses.
References
Legal terms
Heydar Latifiyan

Heydar Gholi Latifiyan () (1879- December 16, 1915) also known as Heydar Latifiyan (), was a Supporter of the Persian Constitutional Revolution and the Democrat Party of Iran. He was an Iranian popular commander in World War I.
Last fight
"...the Russian army from one side reaches the village of Kolmeh, which is located between the Robat Karim road and Tehran, and the local fighters are surrounded from three sides. The Russians start bombarding the area from almost a mile, until in the evening, the strongholds of the local Batop fighters are bombarded. But everyone survives. But in the evening, the infantry riders of the Russian army came closer and the war with swords started and after a bloody clash, seventy people were killed...". Heydar Latifiyan was also killed like the rest of his comrades. According to the traditions of the local people, the Russians made it difficult to identify the bodies by cutting off the heads of the dead. The only body that could be identified (by his clothes) was that of Heydar Latifiyan, who was buried near the north of Vahan Abad village. (Nowadays, One kilometer to Tehran International Airport).
Related pages
World War I
Iran
References
Politicians from Tehran
1915 deaths
1879 births
San Gabriel River

The San Gabriel River is a river in Los Angeles and Orange counties in the state of California. It is about long. It begins in the San Gabriel Mountains and flows southwest into the Los Angeles Basin, then flows into the Pacific Ocean near Long Beach and Seal Beach. Like the Los Angeles River, it is heavily polluted and is lined with concrete in many places.
Nearby rivers
North along coast
Los Angeles River
South along coast
Santa Ana River
Rivers of Los Angeles County, California
Orange County, California
Glenn Ruth

Glenn Ruth (born June 13, 1969 in Camden, New Jersey) is a retired American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring name Thrasher. Ruth was best known as one half of the tag team The Headbangers, along with Mosh.
Championships
Ruth held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
Blackburn Wrestling Alliance
BWA Tag Team Championship (one time) with Greg Spitz
Heartland Wrestling Association
HWA Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh
Insane Championship Wrestling
ICW Streetfight Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh
Main Event Championship Wrestling
MECW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh
Maryland Championship Wrestling
MCW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh
NWA Southwest
NWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh
New England Wrestling Federation
NEWF Tag Team Championship (three times) with Mosh
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him No. 110 of the Top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1997.
Texas Wrestling Alliance
TWA Tag Team Championship (one time) - with Mosh
World Wrestling Federation
WWF Hardcore Championship (one time)
WWF Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh
References
1962 births
Living people
Former WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from New Jersey
People from Camden, New Jersey
Toshiba satellite CL10-B-100

The Toshiba Satellite CL10-B-100 is a very small laptop made by Toshiba. It is designed to have a light weight and low price. It runs Windows 8.1 as its operating system.
Specifications
OS: Windows 8.1
CPU: Intel®️ Celeron®️ N2840 processor with Intel®️ Burst Technology 2.0
Display: 29.5 cm (11.6") , Toshiba TruBrite®️ HD TFT High Brightness eDP™️ display with sidelight LED and 16 : 9 aspect ratio
Storage: 32 GB eMMC
Keyboard: Satin Gold, black keyboard
RAM: 2GB / Note: onboard , DDR3L RAM (1600 MHz)
Graphics: Intel®️ HD Graphics
Battery: up to 5h, 45min (Mobile Mark™️ 2012)
weight: 1.1 kg
Ports:
1 x external headphone (stereo) / microphone combo socket
1 x HDMI-out supporting 1080p signal format
1 x SD card slot (SD™️, SDHC™️, SDXC™️ supporting UHS-I, MMC)
1 x USB 2.0
1 x USB 3.0
1 x integrated HD web camera with built-in microphone
Connectivity:
Wireless Technology: Bluetooth®️ 4.0 + LE, Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n (up to 150 Mbps)
W x D x H: 289 x 199 x 19.9 mm
Bundled software: McAfee LiveSafe, TOSHIBA System Settings, TOSHIBA Function Key, PC Health Monitor, TOSHIBA Media Player by sMedio TrueLink+, DTS®️ Sound, Eco Utility, TOSHIBA Display Utility, Microsoft Office, Netflix, Skyscanner, eBay, Amazon, WinZip, Evernote, Google Drive, Skype, Spotify, WildTangent Games
References
Laptops
Deborah Coleman

Deborah Coleman (October 3, 1956 - April 12, 2018) was an American blues musician and singer-songwriter. Coleman won the Orville Gibson Award for "Best Blues Guitarist, Female" in 2001, and was nominated for a W.C. Handy Blues Music Award nine times. She was born in Portsmouth, Virginia. She was known for her songs such as "Takin' a Stand", "Soft Place to Fall", and "Soul Be It".
Coleman died of complications from bronchopneumonia on April 12, 2018 at the age of 61.
References
1956 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from bronchopneumonia
American blues musicians
American guitarists
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Virginia
Basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Basketball in the 1988 Summer Olympics took place at the Jamsil Gymnasium in Seoul, South Korea. The United States won the gold medal in the women's competition. This repeated their performance from the 1984 tournament. In the men's tournament, the Soviet Union took home their second gold medal in the team's history for this event. Yugoslavia won the silver medal. The USA won the bronze medal. This was the last Olympic basketball tournament where NBA players were not allowed to participate. Professionals from other leagues were allowed to compete. But players from other leagues were still considered amateurs. These were also the last Olympic basketball tournaments where the Soviets fielded a team. This was because the Soviet Union broke up prior to the 1992 Games. The United States was a major favorite to win.
References
1988 Summer Olympics
Shariz Ahmad

Shariz Ahmad (born 21 April 2003) is a cricketer from Netherlands. He plays for the Netherlands national cricket team since 2022. He was born on April 21, 2003.
References
Other websites
2003 births
Living people
Dutch cricketers
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Paraceratherium

Paraceratherium is an extinct genus of mammal. It was a large rhinoceros without a horn. It lived in Eurasia during the late Oligocene epoch of the Tertiary period, (34-23 million years ago).
Paraceratherium was one of the largest ever land mammals. Its exact size is unclear because of the incompleteness of the fossils. The size of adults was about tall at the shoulder, about in length. Estimates of its weight have varied greatly.
Lifestyle
It was a herbivore that stripped leaves from trees. It had a long, low, hornless skull and long frontal and nasal bones. Its front teeth had a single pair of incisors in either jaw. They were round, pointed, and so large that they looked like small tusks. The upper incisors pointed straight downwards, while the lower ones jutted outwards. The upper lip was evidently extremely mobile. The neck was very long, the body big and strong, and the limbs long and thick, column-like.
Size
Its exact size is unclear because of the incompleteness of the fossils. Estimates have been based on skull, teeth, and limb bone measurements. However, the known bone elements are from individuals of different sizes. All skeletal reconstructions are composite extrapolations. This resulted in weight estimates from 11 to 20 tonnes. Its shoulder height has been estimated as . Its length was about from front to back. As explained, such figure are only approximations. These figures are for the largest of the three species in the genus.
Ecology
They lived in a huge rainforest floodplain in the area which is now Kazakhstan, India, and southwest China. They lived further inland throughout northern and central Asia as well. This area was a rainforest before the Himalayan uplift changed the climate.
References
Mammals
Fossils
History of Pakistan
Bocholt

Bocholt () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 73,000 people live there.
References
Other websites
Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia
Borken (district)
Yıldız Technical University

Yildiz Technical University is a university in Turkey. It is found in Besiktas,Istanbul. The university has three campuses in Davutpasa, Yildiz and Ayazaga. It is a public university.
Departments
Civil Engineering
Architecture
International Relationships
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Electrical Enginnering
Mechanical Engineering
Colleges and universities in Turkey
Daniel Levy

Daniel Levy (born 8 February 1962 in Essex) is the current chairman of Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. He has been the chairman since 2001.
Career
He is managing director of ENIC International Ltd., which is an investment company. He replaced Alan Sugar as chairman of Tottenham in February 2001. This happened after ENIC bought a controlling stake in the club. ENIC is controlled by Joseph Lewis. Levy was before this a director of the Scottish football club Rangers, in which ENIC held a significant stake. Before this, ENIC has also controlled many other European football clubs including AEK Athens, Slavia Prague and Vicenza. ENIC has also had power in non-football companies such as Warner Bros. and Autonomy.
Tottenham Hotspur
He has changed many managers since becoming chairman, like (George Graham, Glenn Hoddle, David Pleat and Jacques Santini). When Martin Jol was manager, the team finished at 5th place in the Premier League and they qualified for the UEFA Cup also.
In summer of 2011, Chelsea tried to sign Tottenham's important player Luke Modric. But, Levy refused to sell Modric. After that, the club have started season 2011/12 very nicely and have won many matches in the Premier League.
Personal life
Daniel Levy is married. He has four children- Joshua, Oliver, Chloe and Gabriella. He has a degree from Cambridge University in Land Economy.
References
1962 births
People from Essex
English football managers
British businesspeople
Living people
Adrenaline (album)

Adrenaline is the first studio album by American metal band, Deftones. Adrenaline was released on October 3, 1995. The album was originally known as Communion but was later changed to Adrenaline. The album was ranked as #33 on music critic Piero Scaruffi's list of best metal albums of all times.
Songs
References
1995 albums
Nu metal albums
Deftones
Francisco Guterres

Francisco Guterres, popularly known as Lu-Olo (born 7 September 1954) is an East Timorese politician. He was the 6th President of East Timor from 2017 to 2022. He lost re-election to former President Jose Ramos-Horta in 2022.
References
1955 births
Living people
Presidents of East Timor
Bathabile Dlamini

Bathabile Dlamini (born 10 September 1962) is the South African politician and Minister of Women Affairs. She is also the president of the African National Congress Women's League (ANCWL).
References
Living people
1962 births
South African politicians
Pedro Richter Prada

Pedro Richter Prada (January 4, 1921 - July 14, 2017) was a Peruvian politician. Prada was the Prime Minister of Peru from 31 January 1979 to 28 July 1980. On December 28, 2007, the Italian government arrested Prada for the disappearance of 25 Italian citizens in the 1970s.
In February 2015 a trial started in Italy related to Operation Condor, there were indictments against 32 people, including Richter Prada. He was charged with aggravated murder.
Prada died in Lima, Peru on July 14, 2017 at the age of 96.
References
1921 births
2017 deaths
Prime Ministers of Peru
Peruvian criminals
Sidney Jellicoe

Sidney Jellicoe (25 August 1906 - 24 November 1973) was a British-Canadian dean emeritus, biblical scholar, Harrold professor of Divinity, theological educator, priest and gentleman.
Biography
He was a scholar of St Chad's College, Durham. After ordination in York Minster in 1934 he served as a parish priest in England for eleven years, then for eight years was Chaplain and Lecturer at Bishop Otter Training College, Chichester. In 1952, he became Dean of Divinity and Harrold Professor at Bishop's University, Lennoxville, Quebec. In 1966, he became Dean of Theology and in 1971 Dean Emeritus, as well as first Chairman of the Division of Graduate Studies. In 1955, Diocesan College, Montreal, conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Divinity (honoris causa) and in 1970 Bishop's University granted him the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law. He was one of the founders of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies (IOSCS) including Robert A. Kraft.
Published works
He also wrote a number of articles for learned journals, such as New Testament Studies and the Catholic Biblical Quarterly. In 1968, his definitive work on 20th century Septuagint studies was published by Oxford Clarendon Press, entitled The Septuagint and Modern Study.
References
1906 births
1973 deaths
Campbell University

Campbell University is a private, coeducational baptist university in Buies Creek, North Carolina. The university has about 10,471 students. It was founded in 1887. The current president of the university is Jerry M. Wallace.
Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Fighting Camels. They have 18 varsity teams which mostly compete in the Coastal Athletic Association (CAA), with its (American) football team playing in CAA Football, a league run by the multi-sports CAA as a separate organization.
Notable alumni
Notable faculty
Jenna Carpenter
David Funderburk
Thom Goolsby
Paul Newby
References-
Other websites
Campbell Athletics website
Campbell University Yearbooks and Catalogs. North Carolina Digital Heritage Center
Colleges and universities in North Carolina
1887 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in North Carolina
Alan Curtis (British actor)

Alan Curtis (30 July 1930 - 18 February 2021) was an English actor and cricket announcer. He was born in Coulsdon, Surrey, England. His career lasted from 1956 until 2003. He appeared as Major Green in some Doctor Who episodes during the 1960s.
Curtis died on 18 February 2021 in London at the age of 90.
Movies
Ladies Who Do (1963)
Tomorrow at Ten (1965)
Agente Logan - missione Ypotron (1966)
Carry On Henry (1971)
Die Screaming, Marianne (1971)
Four Dimensions of Greta (1972)
The Flesh and Blood Show (1972)
Carry On Abroad (1972)
Tiffany Jones (1973)
Professor Popper's Problem (1974)
The Vision (1988)
References
Other websites
1930 births
2021 deaths
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Actors from London
Actors from Surrey
Colombiers, Cher

Colombiers is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. About 417 people lived there in January 2019.
Population
References
Communes in Cher
Edu Marangon

Edu Marangon (born February 2, 1963) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1984||rowspan="5"|Portuguesa Desportos||rowspan="5"|Serie A||4||0||||||||||4||0
|-
|1985||19||2||||||||||19||2
|-
|1986||21||1||||||||||21||1
|-
|1987||10||4||||||||||10||4
|-
|1988||1||0||||||||||1||0
|-
|1988/89||Torino||Serie A||22||2||||||||||22||2
|-
|1989/90||Porto||Portuguese Liga||2||0||||||||||2||0
|-
|1990||Flamengo||Serie A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1990||rowspan="2"|Santos||rowspan="2"|Serie A||10||1||||||||||10||1
|-
|1991||14||2||||||||||14||2
|-
|1991||rowspan="2"|Palmeiras||rowspan="2"|Serie A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1992||16||3||||||||||16||3
|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|Yokohama Flugels||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||30||6||5||5||4||2||39||13
|-
|1994||37||12||0||0||2||0||39||12
|-
|1995||Nacional||Primera Division||||||||||||||||
|-
|1996||Internacional||Serie A||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1996||Coritiba||Serie A||9||1||||||||||9||1
104||14||||||||||104||14
22||2||||||||||22||2
2||0||||||||||2||0
67||18||5||5||6||2||78||25
||||||||||||||
195||34||5||5||6||2||206||41
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1987||8||1
|-
|1988||0||0
|-
|1989||0||0
|-
|1990||1||0
|-
!Total||9||1
|}
Other websites
National Football Teams
1963 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Brazilian football managers
Anthony Blake (bishop)

Anthony Blake ( 1704 - 1787) was an Irish clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise from 1756 to 1758 and Archbishop of Armagh from 1758 to 1787.
Blake was the youngest of two sons of Andrew Blake of Kilvine. His family were from County Mayo. They were one of the Tribes of Galway.
He returned to Ireland from France about 1731. He attended the schools Saint-Omer and Louvain. He was made priest in the archdiocese of Tuam. He held the positions of dean of the chapter and vicar general to the archbishop. From 1741 to 1756 he served as Warden of Galway. His most nobable action was to build a new parish chapel in the town's middle street. This chapel stood until 1833.
References
Dictionary of Irish Biography, pp. 579-80, Cambridge, 2010.
1704 births
1787 deaths
People from the Republic of Ireland
Roman Catholic archbishops
Verden, Oklahoma

Verden is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Towns in Oklahoma
Parides childrenae

The Green-celled Cattleheart (Parides childrenae) is a species of butterfly. It belongs in the family Papilionidae. It is found in southern North America and northern South America.
Description
The upper side of the wings is black. The male has a bright green patch on the fore wing (top wing). There is a small pale yellow spot near the tip of the fore wing. There is a red patch on the hind wing (bottom wing). The female has a small white patch on the fore wing. There are a few pale spots on the fore wing. There is a band of red spots on the hind wing. The underside of the wings is also black. The male has small pale spots near the tip of the fore wing and a few red spots on the hind wing. The female's underside is the same as the upper side.
References
Other websites
Parides childrenae at funet.fi
c
Sainte-Maxime

Sainte-Maxime (; Occitan and Provencal: Santa Maxima) is a commune in the Var department of the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is on the French Riviera (Cote d'Azur) and west from Nice and east from Marseille. It had a population of 13,968 in 2017.
References
Communes in Var
Loyalty

Loyalty is a devotion for someone or something. Someone who is loyal can be trusted, because they never betray the people they are loyal to.
Loyalty in business
Being loyal can also bring good to business because the boss, or person in control, may let the person do something difficult but greatly paid. This is because loyal people are expected and trusted to behave responsibly.
Some firms (e.g. insurance brokers) may give "loyalty discounts" to customers who stay with them for a long time (who are loyal to the firm). Some stores may offer their customers "loyalty cards" to get some money off their purchases.
Emotions
Virtues
Vangaži

Vangazi is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1991.
Towns in Latvia
1991 establishments in Latvia
Algona, Iowa

Algona is a city in Iowa in the United States.
References
Cities in Iowa
County seats in Iowa
Astrocytoma

An astroctytoma is a form of a brain tumor that comes from astrocytes (a type of brain cell).
There are many kinds of astrocytomas. They are separated into two categories; Low-grade astrocytomas and High-grade astrocytomas.
Low-grade astrocytomas
Low-grade astrocytomas usually grow slowly and stay in one place. Because of this, many of them can be treated just with surgery. Once the tumor is taken out, often no other treatment is needed. As long as they get treatment, after five years, 90% of people with these astrocytomas are still alive.
One example of a low-grade astrocytoma is pilocytic astrocytoma.
High-grade astrocytomas
High-grade astrocytomas grow much more quickly and tend to spread throughout the body. Because of this, they are harder to treat and have worse prognoses than low-grade astrocytomas.
One example of a high-grade astrocytoma is anaplastic astrocytoma. This type of tumor has to be treated with a chemotherapy called Temozolomide.
Brain tumors
Gorges, Somme

Gorges is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Porcupine

A porcupine is a rodent with a coat of sharp spines, or quills, that defend them from predators. The porcupine is the third biggest rodent, after the capybara, and beaver, and are not to be confused with hedgehogs. Most porcupines are about 60-90 cm long, with a 20-25 cm long tail. Weighing between 12-35 pounds (5-16 kg), they are rounded, large and slow. Porcupines come in various shades of brown, grey, and the unusual white. The name "porcupine" comes from Middle French porc d'epine "thorny pork", hence the nickname "quill pig" for the animal. The correct term for a baby porcupine is a porcupette. A porcupette has soft quills made of hardened hair. This protects the mother from injury as she gives birth.
The animal's quills or spines take on many forms, depending on the type, but all are hairs coated with thick plates of keratin, and they are in the skin musculature. Old World porcupines (Hystricidae) have quills in clusters, whereas in New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) single quills are mixed with bristles, underfur, and hair.
Porcupine quills are as sharp as needles, can be removed very easily, and will stay stuck in an attacker. Unlike needles, however, the quills of New World porcupines have small, backwards-facing barbs on the tip that catch on the skin making them hard and painful to pull out. Quills are about 75 mm long and 2 mm wide. If a quill becomes put in the tissues of an attacker, the barbs act to pull the quill farther into the tissues with the normal muscle movements of the attacker, moving up to many millimeters in a day. Animals who try to eat porcupines have been known to die because of quill penetration and infection. Quills can still penetrate animals and humans even after death. The ancient belief that porcupines can throw their quills at an enemy has long been proved to be incorrect.
Porcupines can live in a wide range of places in tropical and mild parts of Asia, Italy, Africa, and North and South America. Porcupines live in forests, deserts and grasslands. Some live in trees, others stay on the ground.
Porcupines in search of salt sometimes live in human places, eating plywood cured with sodium nitrate, certain paints, and tool handles, footwear, clothes and other items that have been coated in salty sweat. Porcupines like going near roads in areas where rock salt is used to melt ice and snow, and are known to gnaw on vehicle tires or wiring coated in road salt. Salt licks placed nearby can stop porcupine damage.
Natural sources of salt used by porcupines include different salt-rich plants (such as yellow water lily and aquatic liverwort), fresh animal bones, outer tree bark and mud in salt-rich soils.
References
Rodents
Asherton, Texas

Asherton is a city in Dimmit County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,084 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Texas
Buch am Buchrain

Buch am Buchrain is a municipality in the district of Erding in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Erding (district)
Arbaz

Arbaz is a municipality of the district of Sion in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website of Arbaz
Municipalities of Valais
Elles

Elles is a 2011 erotic French drama movie. Juliette Binoche plays a journalist named Anne. Elles is about female student prostitution. This movie had an NC-17 rating because of explicit sexual content. The NC-17 rating was later surrendered. The movie was released unrated on DVD and Blu-ray disc.
References
French drama movies
Polish movies
German drama movies
2011 movies
Multilingual movies
Movies directed by Malgorzata Szumowska
Wax

Wax is an organic chemical substance. It is a type of lipid.
Waxes have the following properties:
They are soft, and easy to shape at room temperature
Their melting point is above 45 degC
They cannot be dissolved in water
They are hydrophobic, repelling and repelled by water.
Some waxes, like beeswax, vegetable wax, and paraffin (a petroleum wax) occur naturally. Another such wax is earwax, which occurs in the ear. Other waxes may be manufactured. People use waxes for various purposes:
Waxed paper
Wax tablet
Waxing
Lipids
George Akerlof

George Arthur Akerlof (born June 17, 1940) is an American economist of Jewish descent. He is a university professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University and Koshland Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.
He won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Michael Spence and Joseph E. Stiglitz). He won the Nobel Prize for studying what happens when sellers of something know more than the buyers. He showed that when many bad products are sold without the buyers knowing, selling good products will be difficult.
References
1940 births
Living people
American economists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut
Writers from New Haven, Connecticut
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Saint Helena plover

The Saint Helena plover (Charadrius sanctaehelenae), locally known as the wirebird, is a small bird (a plover) endemic to the island of Saint Helena.
The bird was first mentioned in 1638, and is the national bird of Saint Helena; it appears on the top half of the island's coat of arms. Some older coins of Saint Helena (before 1998) have the Wirebird on its reverse.
Description and biology
The Saint Helena plover is the only bird species endemic to the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena that is still living.
It is a small bird (length: 15 cm) with long and thin legs, like wires; because of that, the bird is known as wirebird in Saint Helena.
Kittlitz's plover (Charadrius pecuarius) is the Saint Helena bird's closest relative; for some authors, the Saint Helena Plover is a subspecies of the Kittlitz's plover but most zoologists think that they are two different species.
The Saint Helena plover spends most of its time on the ground and does not fly frequently; it is most commonly found in pairs, or sometimes in small groups of young birds, looking for food (snails, beetles and other invertebrates) in grassland o in semi-desert areas.
Breeding takes place throughout the year, but mainly during the dry season, from late September to January. The nest is on the ground where they lay two eggs. After leaving the nest, the young birds move throughout the island in small groups.
Range and habitat
The Saint Helena plover is endemic to the island of Saint Helena; it does not exist in any other place. Over the past 20 years, the species has used only of the whole island. The best places in the island to see them are Deadwood and Properous Bay Plains and Woody Ridge.
Saint Helena plovers like areas of land with grasses (pastures) that are at middle elevations, mainly in flat, dry areas with low plants.
Threats and conservation
Because of changes in the use of the land and the introduction of predators (rats, cats, dogs and other species), the number of individuals of the Saint Helena plover is critically low. A census carried out during 2005 and 2006 showed that this species had been reduced in about 40 percent in just five years to only 235 individuals. There has since been a small increase in numbers, however.
The Saint Helena plover is protected by law on Saint Helena since 1894, and several organisations work to conserve this species; one of the organizations helping to conserve this species is The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, which has a project named "Enabling the people of St Helena to conserve the St Helena wirebird", as part of the Overseas Territories Environment Programme of the UK.
References
Other websites
St Helena National Trust - leading the conversation of the Wirebird
Website with information on the bird
Animal Diversity Web
Catalogue of Life : Charadrius sanctaehelenae (Harting, 1873)
ITIS Charadrius sanctaehelenae (Harting, 1873)
World Birds Taxonomic List
Charadriiformes
Saint Helena
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Castel San Pietro

Castel San Pietro is a municipality of the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Ticino
Claude Vilgrain

Claude Vilgrain (born March 1, 1963) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played a total of 89 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). Vilgrain was born in Haiti. He is the first Haitian-born player in NHL history.
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Vilgrain played three seasons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) with the Laval Voisins. He also played hockey at the Universite de Moncton for three years.
He was drafted with the 107th overall pick by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft. He never played a game for the Red Wings. He signed a contract with the Vancouver Canucks in June 1987. He played six games with them, scoring one goal and making one assist. In March 1989, the Canucks traded Vilgrain to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for Tim Lenardon. During his time with the Devils, he played 81 games and made 20 goals and 31 assists. The Philadelphia Flyers signed him to a contract in 1993. He only played 2 games with them. He retired in 2002.
References
Other websites
1979 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Haitian sportspeople
Ice hockey people from Quebec
International Hockey League (1945-2001) players
Laval Voisins players
Living people
New Jersey Devils players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Utica Devils players
Vancouver Canucks players
Mort Sahl

Morton Lyon "Mort" Sahl (May 11, 1927 - October 26, 2021) was a Canadian-born American comedian and actor of Jewish background. He was thought to be the first modern stand-up comedian. He was known for writing jokes for President John F. Kennedy in his speeches. He was born in Montreal, Quebec.
Sahl died on October 26, 2021 at his home in Mill Valley, California at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
1927 births
2021 deaths
Actors from Montreal
American movie actors
American stand-up comedians
American television actors
Comedians from Quebec
Jewish American actors
Jewish American comedians
Jewish American writers
Writers from Montreal
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Television personalities from California
Comedians from San Francisco
Writers from San Francisco
Actors from San Francisco
Sanamahi Temple

The Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple is an ancient temple dedicated to Lainingthou Sanamahi, a principal deity in Sanamahism, the Meitei religion. It is in the Sanakhwa Yaima Kollup, Imphal West district of Manipur. Its present architecture was the result of the recreation during the reign of Hindu Manipuri king Kulachandra in the late Medieval Manipur.
Related pages
Sanamahi Kiyong Temple
References
Religion in India
Philip Levine (poet)

Philip Levine (January 10, 1928 - February 14, 2015) was an American poet and teacher. He was best known for his poems about working-class Detroit.
He taught for more than thirty years at California State University, Fresno. He also taught at other different schools. He was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011-2012. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1995.
Levine died of pancreatic cancer on February 14, 2015 in Fresno, California, aged 87.
References
Other websites
1928 births
2015 deaths
American poets
California State University faculty
Pulitzer Prize winners
Writers from Detroit
Educators from Detroit
Intercalation (timekeeping)

Calendars are commonly based on the rotation of celestial bodies, such as the sun or the moon. These calendars periodically add a certain time unit, to make the calendar follow the rotation more closely, which is known as intercalation. As an example, the solar year is about 365,25 days long. The Gregorian calendar says that the year has 365 days, but that roughly every four years, an extra day is added.
Another example is the Jewish calendar, which is a lunisolar calendar. In addition to the 365,25 days of the solar year, there are the 29.5 days in a lunar month. This gives the problem that the year does not have twelve months, but about 12.4 months. The calendar solves this problem by adding an extra month in certain cases.
Calendars
Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge

The Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge is a rope bridge near Ballintoy in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.
Other websites
National Trust - Carrick-a-Rede
New Rope Bridge for Carrick-a-Rede. CultureNorthernIreland.org Feature
Bridges in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in Northern Ireland
Freya Davies

Freya Ruth Davies is a cricketer from England. Davies plays for the England women's cricket team. She was born on October 27, 1995.
References
Other websites
1995 births
Living people
English cricketers
Adelboden (disambiguation)

Adelboden is a municipality in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Other places named Adelboden:
Adelboden, Lucerne in Switzerland
Adelbonen, Schwyz in Switzerland
George Bookasta

George Bookasta (July 14, 1917 - March 26, 2014) was an American child actor. He appeared in many movies some with Charlie Chaplin, Humphrey Bogart, Don Ameche, Douglas Fairbanks, and Gary Cooper.
Bookasta appeared in It Had to Happen, The Great O'Malley, Forty Little Mothers, That Night in Rio, The Chocolate Soldier, and in The Red Danube.
Bookasta was born in Kansas City, Missouri. His parents were Indian actors. He studied at Hollywood High School. Bookasta died on March 26, 2014 in Saratoga Springs, New York, aged 96.
References
Other websites
1917 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Kansas City, Missouri
American child actors
American movie actors
Schneisingen

Schneisingen is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Jerzy Osiatyński

Jerzy Osiatynski (2 November 1941 - 4 February 2022) was a German-born Polish politician. He was a member of the Democratic Union. He was in the Sejm from 1989 to 2001 and was Minister of Finance from 1992 to 1993. Osiatynski was born in Riga, Reichskommissariat Ostland.
Osiatynski died on 4 February 2022 in Warsaw, Poland at the age of 80.
References
1941 births
2022 deaths
Polish politicians
German politicians
People from Riga
Communauté de communes à l'Ouest d'Amiens

The Communaute de communes a l'Ouest d'Amiens is a communaute de communes in the Somme department in the Picardie region of France.
Made up of
This Communaute de communes is made of 18 communes:
Ailly-sur-Somme
Argoeuves
Belloy-sur-Somme
Bourdon
Breilly
Cavillon
Crouy-Saint-Pierre
Ferrieres
Fourdrinoy
Hangest-sur-Somme
La Chaussee-Tirancourt
Le Mesge
Picquigny
Saint-Sauveur
Saisseval
Seux
Soues
Yzeux
Related pages
Communes of the Somme department
References
le splaf
la base aspic
Burzum

Burzum was a black metal/dark ambient one man band from Bergen, Norway. The band was formed in 1991 by Varg Vikernes. He is best known for serving a prison sentence for the murder of Mayhem guitarist Oystein Aarseth and arson of churches.
Discography
Albums
Burzum (1992)
Det som engang var (1993)
Hvis lyset tar oss (1994)
Filosofem (1996)
Daudi Baldrs (1997)
Hlidskjalf (1999)
Belus (2010)
Fallen (2011)
Umskiptar (2012)
Sol austan, Mani vestan (2013)
The Ways of Yore (2014)
Thulean Mysteries (2020)
EPs
Aske (1993)
Other websites
Burzum
References
Black metal bands
Thrash metal bands
Norwegian heavy metal bands
Musical groups from Bergen
Musical groups established in 1991
1991 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Norway
Musical groups disestablished in 1999
1999 disestablishments in Europe
Musical groups established in 2009
2009 establishments in Europe
21st-century establishments in Norway
British Rail Class 114

The British Rail Class 114 diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby from 1956 to 1957. Forty-nine 2-car units were built, numbered 50001-49 for driving motors (later renumbered 53001-49) and 56001-49 for driving trailers (later renumbered 54001-49). The units were used on services in the West Midlands, Lincolnshire and Humberside.
114
Blanche Barton

Blanche Barton (born Sharon Densley; October 1, 1961 in San Diego, California) is an American religious leader. She is the Magistra Templi Rex of the Church of Satan. Satanists address her as Magistra Barton.
Barton became the High Priestess after Anton LaVey died on October 29, 1997. She held the position of High Priestess until April 30, 2002. Barton has written two books: The Church of Satan: A History of the World's Most Notorious Religion and The Secret Life of a Satanist: The Authorized Biography of Anton LaVey.
References
Other websites
Church of Satan biography
1961 births
Living people
American esotericists
Writers from San Diego, California
Satanists
Ryan Jimmo

Ryan Jimmo (November 27, 1981 - June 26, 2016) was a Canadian mixed martial artist. He competed in the light heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.
He mostly fought in Canada. He competed on the eighth season of The Ultimate Fighter. He was the former MFC Light Heavyweight Champion.
Jimmo died, aged 34, at a hospital in Edmonton, Alberta on June 26, 2016 after being run-over by a truck because he was involved in a fight with the truck driver.
References
1981 births
2016 deaths
Murder victims
Canadian mixed martial artists
People from New Brunswick
Ear drop

An ear drop is a type of treatment for ears. It may be used for blocked ears, and also for simple ear infections. For children under the age of 12, it may be applied to the infected ear five times.
Related pages
Ear
References
Drug delivery devices
Ear
Bill Murray

Williams James "Bill" Murray (born September 21, 1950) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He has played in some drama roles but he usually does comedy. He was in the movies including Groundhog Day, Ghostbusters, Stripes, Lost in Translation, and The Jungle Book. He is best known for his work on Saturday Night Live and Ghostbusters. He also plays charity golf with professional golf players.
Murray was born in North Shore University Health System Evanston Hospital at Evanston, Illinois. He was also raised in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Loyola Academy and Regis University (dropped out).
Murray was married to Margaret Kelly from 1981 until they divorced in 1996. Then he married Jennifer Butler from 1997 to 2008. Murray has 6 children.
Filmography
References
Other websites
Streaming audio interview from 1988 (18 minutes)
USA Today Article detailing Murray's house party crashing
Entertainment Weekly interview
Bill Murray SNL video archive at Yahoo Screen
Extensive list of Bill Murray films, roles, memes, and fan art at Zouch Magazine
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
1950 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Chicago
Television personalities from Chicago
Movie producers from Chicago
Screenwriters from Chicago
Comedians from Chicago
Saving Grace (movie)

Saving Grace is a 2000 British comedy movie set in Cornwall. Brenda Blethyn stars in the movie. It premiered at Sundance Film Festival. Critical reaction to this movie was positive. The movie received favorable notice for an independent British comedy; it was nominated for awards.
Other websites
2000 movies
2000s criminal comedy movies
British criminal comedy movies
Cornwall
English-language movies
São Manuel

Sao Manuel is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo. 41,123 people lived here in 2020 and its area is 651 km2.
References
Municipalities in Sao Paulo (state)
Flag of Nigeria

The flag of Nigeria is a vertical tricolour of green, white, and green. It was adopted on 1 October 1960.
References
Nigeria
National symbols of Nigeria