pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
White currant

The white currant, or whitecurrant is a cultivar of the red currant. They are flowering plants in the family Grossulaceae native to Europe. Usually, they grow as a shrub and can reach a height of about tall. The plants have palmate leaves, and masses of spherical, edible fruit (berries) in summer. The white currant differs from the red currant only in the colour and flavour of these fruits, which are a translucent white and sweeter.
It is sometimes mislabelled as Ribes glandulosum, (which is the skunk currant in USA).
Cultivation
Unlike their close relative the blackcurrant, red and white currants are cultivated for their ornamental value as well as their berries.
Currant bushes grow best in partial to full sunlight and can be planted between November and March in well-drained, slightly neutral to acid soil. They are relatively low-maintenance plants, but are considered cool-climate plants and fruit better in northern areas. They can also be grown in large containers.
The firm and juicy fruit are usually harvested in summer. Whole trusses of fruits should be cut instead of individual fruit, and then either used, or they can be stored in a fridge. They can also be bagged and frozen.
Various forms are known including; 'White Grape', 'Blanka' and 'Versailles Blanche' (syn 'White Versailles'), and 'White Pearl'.
The cultivar 'White Grape' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. There are also cultivars with yellow and pink fruit, called respectively yellow currants and pink currants.
The bushes can suffer from pests such as gooseberry sawfly and birds.
Culinary uses
White currant berries are slightly smaller and sweeter than red currants. When made into jams and jellies the result is normally pink. The white currant is actually an albino cultivar of the red currant but is marketed as a different fruit.
White currants are rarely specified in savoury cooking recipes compared with their red counterparts. They are often served raw and provide a sweetly tart flavor. White currant preserves, jellies, wines and syrups are also produced. In particular, white currants are the classic ingredient in the highly regarded Bar-le-duc or Lorraine jelly although preparations made of red currants can also be found.
The berries are a good source of vitamins C and K, and are rich in iron, copper and manganese.
Related pages
Redcurrant
Blackcurrant
Zante currant
Gooseberry
Jostaberry
Currant
References
Other websites
http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/currants.html
Berries
Ribes
Ortenburg (Bavaria)

Ortenburg () is a municipality and old market town in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.
Geography
Geographical place
Ortenburg is in the forested area south of the Danube and north of the Rott. It is one of the main centres of population in the Lower Bavarian Upland. The majority of the municipality is in the Wolfach Valley and the Wolfach itself runs directly through Ortenburg.
The market town is 20 km west of Passau, 10 km south of Vilshofen an der Donau, 12 km northwest of Bad Griesbach and 20 km north of Pocking.
Neighbouring municipalities
The closest municipalities are Haarbach, Beutelsbach, Vilshofen an der Donau, Furstenzell, and Bad Griesbach im Rottal. The cities of Passau and Pocking are farther away.
Administrative division
The municipality of Ortenburg includes 112 districts.
References
Passau (district)
Edith Humphrey

Edith Ellen Humphrey (11 September 1875 - 25 February 1978) was an inorganic chemist. She was probably the first woman from Britain to get a doctorate in chemistry.
Life story
Early life
Edith Humphrey's father, John, was a clerk (secretary). Her mother, Louisa, was a teacher. John Humprey was poor when he was a child and wanted all his sons and daughters to get an education. Edith's two older sisters were teachers. One of her brothers was an inventor.
Humphrey went to North London Collegiate School, one of the first girls' schools in the UK to teach science. From 1893 to 1897 Humphrey studied chemistry and physics at Bedford College, London. When she finished her degree she went to do a PhD (doctorate) at the University of Zurich.
Postgraduate study
On 17 October 1898, Humphrey entered the University of Zurich. Her supervisor, Alfred Werner, found that Humphrey was talented, and made her his assistant. Humphrey worked hard, and was disappointed by the social life.
Humphrey was Werner's first student to successfully prepare a type of compound that were very important in his development and proof of his coordination theory. One of these compounds, the cis-bis(ethylenediamine)dinitrocobalt(III) bromide, was the first creation of a chiral octahedral cobalt complex.
References
1978 deaths
1875 births
British centenarians
British chemists
Selous' zebra

The Selous' zebra (Equus quagga borensis) is one of the six subspecies of the plains zebra (Equus quagga). Selous' Zebra is a critically endangered species. These are often confused with the Damaraland zebras (Equus quagga antiquorum), and the Chapman Zebra (Equus quagga chapmani). The Selous' Zebra's belly is partly striped and they have clean black and white banding. They do not have the brown shadow stripes of the Chapman Zebra.
Selous's Zebra lives in the northwest of Kenya, parts of Uganda, and the southeast of Sudan.
References
Mammals of Africa
Zebras
Banja Luka Region

Banja Luka is one of seven regions in Republika Srpska. In the center of this region is the city of Banja Luka. There are about 709,000 people in Banja Luka Region.
Regions of Republika Srpska
Ali Mazrui

Ali Al'amin Mazrui (24 February 1933 - 12 October 2014) was a Kenyan academic professor and political writer. He wrote about African and Islamic studies and North-South relations. He was born in Mombasa, Kenya. He was an Albert Schweitzer Professor in the Humanities and the Director of the Institute of Global Cultural Studies at Binghamton University in Binghamton, New York.
Mazrui died in Binghamton, New York, aged 81.
References
Other websites
Radio interview and transcript of Ali Mazrui by Amy Goodman 2009
Ali Mazrui at IMDB
From Slave Ship to Space Ship: African between Marginalization and Globalization by Ali A. Mazrui
Islamic and Western Values, 75th Anniversary Foreign Affairs September/October 1997 by Ali A. Mazrui
Pretender to Universalism: Western Culture in the Globalising Age by Ali A. Mazrui, BBC, London
A marriage of two civilizations Conversation with Nazif Shahrani
Universalism, Global Apartheid, and Justice Conversation with Fouad Kalouche
1933 births
2014 deaths
Kenyan writers
Google+

Google+ was a social networking website owned and operated by Google. Google+ was opened to people with an invitation on June 28, 2011 for testing. The next day the July 3, 2015, people with accounts were allowed to invite friends to the service. This was stopped within a day after there was "insane demand" for accounts.
Google+ is made to work with different Google social services such as Google Profiles and Google Buzz. It also has features including Circles, Hangouts, Sparks and Huddles. It has been said that this is Google's biggest attempt to rival the social network Facebook.
On October 8, 2018, Google said they were going to shut down Google+ by the end of August 2019. This is because a software bug in Google+ let people see the data of hundreds of thousands of users. They later moved the shut down date to April 2, 2019 after discovering yet another bug.
Growth
On 14 July 2011, Google said that Google+ had 10 million users two weeks after it was opened to people with invitations. After three weeks, Google+ had 20 million users. The Google+ iPhone app was the most popular free application in the Apple App Store less than a day after it was added to the store.
Features
"Circles" lets users to organize contacts into groups for sharing.
"Messaging" lets people communicate with their circles using Android, iPhone, and SMS devices.
"Hangouts" are places used to have a group video chat within a circle.
"Instant Upload" lets people with Android smartphones upload and store photos or video in a private album for sharing later.
"Sparks" uses Google Search to let users find topics they might like to share with others.
"Streams" lets users see updates from those in their circles. This is similar to a news feed.
"Ripples" is a visualization tool that allows users to play back public shares and conversations.
References
Other websites
The Google+ Project
2011 establishments in the United States
Google
Social networking
Web 2.0
2019 disestablishments in the United States
Longnes, Sarthe

Longnes is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Bethalto, Illinois

Bethalto is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Prime 9ja Online Pidgin

Prime 9ja Online Pidgin is an online newspaper providing content in West African Pidgin English published by Prime 9ja Online. It is the first online newspaper in Nigeria to publish in the Pidgin English language. Launched in 2023, this platform aims to deliver relevant and informative news to audiences in Nigeria and Africa in a language that resonates with them.
Overview
Prime 9ja Online Pidgin was founded by Chima Joseph Ugo to cater to the vast and diverse audience in Nigeria. West African Pidgin English, originally utilized by British and African slavers during the Atlantic slave trade, has evolved into a vibrant language with approximately 75 million speakers in Nigeria alone.
References
Other websites
(in West African Pidgin English)
2022 Peruvian protests

The 2022 Peruvian protests are protests across Peru. They are against the country's rising inflation and disapproval of President Pedro Castillo.
The protests, organized by the leader of the Union of Multimodal Transport Guilds of Peru (UGTRANM) Geovani Rafael Diez Villegas.
Inflation has been rising due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Protests began days after an effort to impeach President Castillo failed on 29 March 2022. After rioting on 4 April 2022, President Castillo declared a state of emergency and enforced an all-day curfew on the capital city of Lima for 5 April.
References
2022 in South America
2022 protests
April 2022 events
March 2022 events
May 2022 events
Bill Nankeville

George William Nankeville (24 March 1925 - 8 January 2021) was a British middle distance athlete. He won the AAA mile title four times in five years from 1948 to 1952. He was born in Guildford, Surrey. He competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics.
Nankeville died on 8 January 2021 at the age of 95.
References
1925 births
2021 deaths
British athletes
British Olympians
Sportspeople from Surrey
The Flash (2014 TV series)

The Flash is an American superhero television series. Developed by Greg Berlanti, Andrew Kreisberg, and Geoff Johns, it airs on The CW. It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash. It is a spin-off from Arrow and exists in the same fictional universe.
The series follows Barry Allen, portrayed by Grant Gustin, a crime scene investigator who gains super-human speed. He uses his ability to fight criminals, including others who have also gained superhuman abilities. It is mostly filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
The Flash first aired on October 7, 2014. Since then, eight seasons have aired. A ninth season is being made.
Other websites
2014 American television series debuts
2010s American drama television series
English-language television programs
Juice (movie)

Juice is a 1992 American crime drama movie. It is about four young African-American male friends (Quincy "Q", Bishop, Raheem, and "Steel") in Harlem who are being having trouble with crime such as police and gangs every day. The friendship goes bad after a robbery. Bishop shoots several people, killing two of them near a building (including Raheem) and shooting Steel. The murderer later dies from falling off a building. It features rapper Tupac Shakur, who played Bishop.
The movie got very positive reviews. It was filmed and completed in late 1991.
Other websites
1992 crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
American gangster movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies set in Manhattan
American independent movies
2007 Formula One espionage controversy

The 2007 Formula One espionage controversy, also known as "Spygate," or "Stepneygate" involves claim that the teams passed confidential technical information. It was claimed that McLaren Formula One had information from the Ferrari team. Then it was claimed that Renault F1 had information from the McLaren team.
The case involved Nigel Stepney, who used to work for Ferrari and was working at the time for McLaren. It also included Mike Coughlan, who was working for McLaren and his wife Trudy Coughlan. Ferrari claimed that Stepney stole confidential technical information. This became the subject of legal action in Italy and an FIA investigation. The case in England was dropped after Ferrari reached an agreement with the Coughlans.
The FIA penalized McLaren. The biggest penalty was that McLaren excluded (not allowed to compete) from the Constructors' Championship. They were also fined a record-breaking $100 million (USD).
Then the FIA claimed Renault F1 had information about the 2006 and 2007 McLaren cars. Renault were found guilty of breaking the same regulation as McLaren, but Renault was not punished.
Details
Allegations against Stepney
Nigel Stepney was working at Ferrari with Jean Todt, Ross Brawn and Rory Byrne. Michael Schumacher was their superstar driver. They were part of the team given the credit for changing the of fortunes of Ferrari in the late 1990s.
In February 2007, Stepney said he was unhappy with some management changes made at Ferrari. On 3 July 2007, Gazzetta dello Sport reported that Ferrari had fired Stepney as a result an internal investigation.
Allegations against Mike Coughlan
The same day Ferrari fired Stepney, they announced taking action against an engineer from McLaren, later named as Mike Coughlan. Coughlan was suspended by McLaren as a result. Court details released say that Mike Coughlan is accused to be in possession of Ferrari documentation, and that his wife is accused of photocopying them.
Allegations against Renault F1
On 8 November 2007, the FIA announced that the Renault F1 team would be need to answer a charge of possession of confidential information relating to the 2006 and 2007 McLaren Formula One cars. The statement issued by the FIA states that Renault F1 was found to have information used by the 2006 and 2007 McLaren F1 cars.
Honda involvement
On 6 July 2007, Honda Racing F1 released a statement confirming that Stepney and Coughlan approached the team regarding "job opportunities" in June 2007. Honda said that no confidential information had been offered or received.
References
Other websites
World Motor Sport Council Transcripts from 26 July 2007 and 13 September 2007
Espionage controversy
Espionage
Controversies
Wheeler County, Nebraska

Wheeler County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 774 people lived there. The county seat is Bartlett. It was founded in 1877.
References
1877 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Prospero Nograles

Prospero Castillo Nograles (October 30, 1947 - May 4, 2019) was a Filipino politician. He was the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2008 to 2010. He was the first ever elected Speaker from Mindanao in a hundred years in Philippine legislative history.
Nograles had been elected to five terms as a member of the House of Representatives, representing the 1st District of Davao City from 1989 to 1992, 1995 to 1998 and again from 2001 to 2010.
Nograles died on May 4, 2019 in Davao City at the age of 71. He died of respiratory failure caused by pneumonia.
References
1947 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
Filipino lawyers
Majority leaders of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
Maisons-du-Bois-Lièvremont

Maisons-du-Bois-Lievremont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
If (Beyoncé song)

If is an R&B ballad by Beyonce Knowles. The song is her final single from her second album B'Day: Deluxe Edition. The song was most likely chosen due to the fact that originally it was not available in the U.S. as it was an international track, but due to the Des'ree law suit, the U.S. version of the album with the track "Still In Love (Kissing You)" was replaced by a version with "If". A CD single of the song was created for her official fan club and is available for purchase from their online store.
References
2007 songs
2000s ballads
R&B songs
Beyonce songs
Rigoberta Menchú

Rigoberta Menchu Tum (; born 9 January 1959) is a Guatemalan political and human rights activist. Menchu is known for her life to publicizing the rights of Guatemala's indigenous feminists during and after the Guatemalan Civil War (1960-1996), and to promoting indigenous rights in the country.
She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 and the Prince of Asturias Award in 1998. Menchu is a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. She has also become a figure in indigenous political parties and ran for President of Guatemala in 2007 and 2011.
References
Other websites
Biography at the official Nobel site
Nobel Peace Prize lecture
Salon.com: Rigoberta Menchu meets the press
"Peace Prize Winner Admits Discrepancies", AP story in New York Times, 12 February 1999 (Subscription only.)
"Spain may judge Guatemala abuses", BBC News, 5 October 2005
"Liar, Rigoberta Menchu" by Dinesh D'Souza, Boundless webzine, 1999.
1959 births
Living people
Guatemalan people
Human rights activists
Indigenous rights activists
Feminists
Arthez-d'Asson

Arthez-d'Asson is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Arthez-d'Asson
Rohrberg, Austria

Rohrberg is a municipality of the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Vincelles, Yonne

Vincelles is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Tokyo Bay

is a bay in the southern Kanto region of Japan. It goes on the coasts of Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, and Chiba Prefecture. The Uraga Channel connects Tokyo Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Its old name was . The Tokyo Bay region is the place with the most people, and it's the place that is most industrialized in Japan.
References
Other websites
Tokyo
Bays
Bodies of water of Japan
Brisbane Water National Park

Brisbane Water National Park is a national park in the east of the Australian state of New South Wales, 47 kilometres northeast of Sydney. It lies north of the mouth of the Hawkesbury River and was named after the Brisbane Water lagoon between Gosford and Woy Woy, which borders the park to the east. The western and northern borders are formed by the Pacific Highway.
The park consists of steep sandstone cliffs overgrown with forest.
There are many hiking trails in the park that can be classified from easy to difficult. One route that is easily accessible by public transport is to Pindar Cave on the rock step above Wondabyne Station, a on-demand stop on the Central Coast Railway Line (Sydney-Newcastle) which is also the only train station in Australia inaccessible by road. This large park is also home to many other hiking trails such as the Great North Walk.
References
Other websites
Brisbane Water National Park . NSW Department of Environment, Climate Change & Water Brisbane Water National Park
National parks in Australia
Eure (river)

The Eure is a river in northwestern France. It is a left tributary of the Seine. The Eure and Eure-et-Loir departments are named after this river.
Its main tributaries are the Avre and the Iton.
Rivers of Normandy
Rivers of Centre-Val de Loire
2007 Formula One World Championship

The 2007 Formula One season was the 58th edition of the championship. Kimi Raikkonen won the championship by one point. Ferrari won the constructor's championship.
Teams and drivers
New car launches
The following teams launched their 2007 entries as below.
Formula One 2007 race schedule
Results and standings
Grands Prix
+ Fernando Alonso qualified in pole position but was demoted 5 places due to blocking Lewis Hamilton in the pit lane.
++ McLaren were not awarded a trophy on the podium.
++* McLaren were not awarded constructors points or a trophy on the podium.
Drivers
+ Driver did not finish but was classified, having completed more than 90% of race distance.
Drivers statistics
Constructors
+ After an incident at the end of Qualifying Session 3 at the Hungarian Grand Prix, an FIA decision was made that, due to team infringements during qualifying, McLaren would not be awarded any points. The drivers, however, do retain the points won. (Alonso was demoted five places from pole on the start grid).15 points were lost by the team in this event and if the team were to not be excluded from all of the other events, the team would still be behind Ferrari. This punishment could have been appealed, but the team did not following the greater punishment later.
++ McLaren lost all their points in the Constructors Championship as a result of a World Motorsport Council decision over the espionage controversy.
Constructors statistics
+ After an incident at the end of Qualifying Session 3 at the Hungarian Grand Prix, an FIA decision was made that, due to team infringements during qualifying, McLaren would not be awarded any points. The drivers, however, do retain the points won. (Alonso was demoted five places from pole on the start grid).15 points were lost by the team in this event and if the team were to not be excluded from all of the other events, the team would still be behind Ferrari. This punishment could have been appealed, but the team did not following the greater punishment later.
++ McLaren lost all their points in the Constructors Championship as a result of a World Motorsport Council decision over the espionage controversy.
References
Formula One seasons
2007 in sports
Law 4000

Nomos 4000 (, "Law 4000") is a 1962 Greek drama movie directed by Giannis Dalianidis and starring Zoi Laskari, Kostas Voutsas, Eleni Zafeiriou, Vangelos Voulgaridis, Vasilis Diamantopoulos.
Other websites
1962 drama movies
Greek movies
Movies directed by Giannis Dalianidis
Trotskyism

Trotskyism is the form of communism that is based on the ideas of Leon Trotsky. Trotsky described himself as an "orthodox Marxist". This is a different way of seeing the ideas of Karl Marx than the way other communists like Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin saw them. The biggest difference is in Trotsky's idea that there needs to be an international "permanent revolution". A permanent revolution is the idea that proletarian revolution needed to spread in countries worldwide, even where capitalism was not as advanced as only the proletarian revolution could carry out the tasks of the unfinished bourgeois revolutions in these countries. This is different to the Stalinist idea of trying to preserve a single nation's revolution from within. Trotsky also supported a less authoritarian government and more democracy.
The largest Trotskyist organizations today are the Reunified Fourth International, International Socialist Tendency, the International Communist League, and the Committee for a Workers' International.
Communism
Marxism
Radawczyk Drugi

Radawczyk Drugi is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Konopnica in eastern Poland.
About 200 people live in Radawczyk Drugi.
References
Villages in Poland
The View

The View is an American television talk show that airs on ABC. It started in 1997. It features a panel of women who talk about current issues and news items such as tabloid headlines and celebrity news. As of 2017, the panel included moderator Whoopi Goldberg, Joy Behar, Paula Faris, Sara Haines, Jedediah Bila, and Sunny Hostin.
References
Other websites
Official website
1997 American television series debuts
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American television talk shows
English-language television programs
Lakewood, Ohio

Lakewood is a city in Ohio, near Cleveland. It is in the northeastern area of the state. In the 2010 United States Census, 52,131 people lived there.
Government
Lakewood is led by a mayor and a city council. The people in Lakewood vote to choose the mayor and city council. There are seven people in the city council.
Geography
Lakewood is about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Cleveland. The city has a total area of 6.69 square miles (17.33 km2).
Famous people from Lakewood include Teri Garr.
Cities in Ohio
Treasure Island

Treasure Island is a book by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was published in 1883. It is about pirates (finding gold) and a treasure hunt on a tropical isle. Famous characters include Jim Hawkins, Long John Silver, and Ben Gunn. The book has been adapted to movies, comic books, and other media.
Movies
The story has been made into many movies. The story in the movie is often different to the story in the book.
Treasure Island (1934 movie), 1934 movie starring Jackie Cooper and Wallace Beery
Treasure Island (1950 movie), 1950 Disney movie starring Bobby Driscoll and Robert Newton
Animal Treasure Island (1971 Japanese animated movie) (Dobutsu Takarajima), a collaboration between Hiroshi Ikeda and Hayao Miyazaki at Toei Doga
Treasure Island (1972 movie), 1972 movie starring Orson Welles
Treasure Island (1972 animated movie), a 1972 movie released by Filmation
Return to Treasure Island, 1986 Disney mini-series starring Brian Blessed
Treasure Island (1988 animated movie), 1988 Soviet animated movie released by Kievnauchfilm
Treasure Island (1990 movie), 1990 movie starring Christian Bale and Charlton Heston
Treasure Island (1993 movie) (Zhi Yao Wei Ni Huo Yi Tian ), 1993 Taiwanese film
Muppet Treasure Island, 1996 movie rendition of Stevenson's novel starring The Muppets and Tim Curry
Treasure Island (1999 movie), 1999 movie starring Kevin Zeger and Jack Palance
References
Cordingly, David (1995). Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among the Pirates. ISBN 0-679-42560-8
Letley, Emma, ed. (1998). Treasure Island (Oxford World's Classics). ISBN 0-19-283380-4
Pietsch, Roland (2010). The Real Jim Hawkins: Ships' Boys in the Georgian Navy. ISBN 978-1-84832-036-9
Reed, Thomas L. (2006). The Transforming Draught: Jekyll and Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson, and the Victorian Alcohol Debate. ISBN 0-7864-2648-9
Watson, Harold (1969). Coasts of Treasure Island;: A study of the backgrounds and sources for Robert Louis Stevenson's romance of the sea. ISBN 0-8111-0282-3
Other websites
1883 books
Books by Robert Louis Stevenson
British novels
English-language novels
North Western Province, Sri Lanka

North Western Province ( , ) is a province of Sri Lanka. The districts of Kurunegala and Puttalam are in North Western Province. Its capital city is Kurunegala.
The only higher educational institute in the province is the Wayamba University of Sri Lanka.
Districts
North Western Province is divided into 2 districts:
Kurunegala District
Puttalam District
Settlements
Major cities
Kurunegala (Municipal Council)
Big towns
Puttalam (Urban Council)
Kuliyapitiya (Urban Council)
Chilaw (Urban Council)
Other towns
Wariyapola
Anamaduwa
Narammala
Wennappuwa
Galgamuwa
Pannala
Alawwa
Dankotuwa
Hiripitiya
Maho
Nattandiya
Kalpitiya
Nikaweratiya
Hettipola
Bingiriya
Marawila
Giriulla
Madampe
References
Other websites
North Western Province Postal Codes [complete list of post codes for all towns and villages of wayamba palatha]
North-Western Provincial Council at the official website of the government of Sri-Lanka
Provinces of Sri Lanka
1845 establishments
19th-century establishments in Sri Lanka
1840s establishments in Asia
Herman Van Springel

Herman Van Springel (14 August 1943 - 25 August 2022) was a Belgian road racing cyclist. He wore the Maillot Jaune during four stages of the 1968 Tour de France and for three stages in 1973. He won a record seven editions of the marathon Bordeaux-Paris.
Van Springel died on 25 August 2022 in Grobbendonk, Belgium at the age of 79.
References
1943 births
2022 deaths
Belgian cyclists
Tour de France cyclists
Kuniko Inoguchi

Kuniko Inoguchi (born May 3, 1952) is a Japanese politician. She belongs to the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). On 31 October 2005, she was appointed Minister of State for Gender equality and Social Affairs.
She received an Master of Arts from Yale University in 1977. She also received a Ph.D. in political science from Yale in 1982.
References
Japanese politicians
1952 births
Living people
People from Chiba Prefecture
Seckington

Seckington is a village in North Warwickshire, Warwickshire, England. Seckington has a church called Church of All Saints.
References
Villages in England
Settlements in Warwickshire
Gerald Wilson

Gerald Stanley Wilson (September 4, 1918 - September 8, 2014) was an American jazz trumpeter, big band bandleader, composer/arranger, and educator. He was from Los Angeles. He began his career since the early 1940s. Wilson was born in Shelby, Mississippi.
Wilson joined the Jimmie Lunceford orchestra in 1939, replacing its star trumpeter and arranger Sy Oliver. While with Lunceford, he contributed numbers to the band's book, including Hi Spook and Yard-dog Mazurka. Wilson has written arrangements for many other famous artists including Duke Ellington, Sarah Vaughan, Ray Charles, Julie London, Dizzy Gillespie, Ella Fitzgerald, Benny Carter, Lionel Hampton, Billie Holiday, Dinah Washington, Nancy Wilson and many more.
Wilson died on September 8, 2014 from pneumonia in Los Angeles, California at the age of 96.
References
Other websites
Mack Avenue Artist Page
The Legacy of Gerald Wilson - Panel Discussion on Detroit JazzStage - Jazz Extras
"Twelve Essential Gerald Wilson Recordings" by Jeff Sultanof
"Track Listing, Personnel & Recording Dates for The Complete Pacific Jazz Recordings of Gerald Wilson" at Mosaic Records
Interview by Jason Crane (Part 1) from The Jazz Session Podcast Series
Interview by Jason Crane (Part 2) from The Jazz Session Podcast Series
1918 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American jazz musicians
American conductors
Musicians from Mississippi
Musicians from Los Angeles
Stidham, Oklahoma

Stidham is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Towns in Oklahoma
Surtur (moon)

Surtur or Saturn XLVIII (also known as S/2006 S 7) is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on June 26, 2006.
Surtur is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 22,243,600 km in 1238.575 days, at an inclination of 166.9deg to the ecliptic (148.9deg to Saturn's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.3680.
It was named in April 2007, after Surtr, leader of the fire giants of Norse mythology.
References
Institute for Astronomy Saturn Satellite Data
IAUC 8727: Satellites of Saturn 2006 June 30 (discovery)
MPEC 2006-M45: Eight New Satellites of Saturn 2006 June 26 (discovery and ephemeris)
IAUC 8826: Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn (subscription-only) 2007 April 5 (Naming the moon)
Saturn's moons
Knonau

Knonau is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Zurich
Later medieval artists

This a list of later medieval artists. It begins in the 13th century (1200s) and includes famous painters and sculptors.
Each artist is listed with their dates, place of birth, some places that they worked, their media (the type of artwork that they made), one or two most famous works and some art galleries where their works can be seen.
Late Medieval artists
Italian Byzantine
These artists, before the Renaissance, painted in the style of Greek icons. Their paintings were important to the education of many Renaissance painters, and were to be seen in the churches where the Renaissance painters worked, and worshipped. Often an altarpiece by one of these artists was surrounded by frescoes by the Renaissance painters who lived 150 to 200 years later. A famous Madonna and Child by Coppo di Marcovaldo stood above the altar where Masaccio, Masolino and Filippo Lippi painted the walls of the Brancacci Chapel. Giotto, who is thought of as the first Renaissance painter, was educated by Cimabue, one of the great masters of the Late Byzantine style.
Italian Proto-Renaissance
Proto-Renaissance artists worked before 1400 in Italy when the Renaissance style was slowly developing.
International Gothic
Artists from many parts of Europe worked in a decorative Gothic style.
artists
U2

U2 are an Irish rock band. The four members of the band are lead singer Bono (born Paul David Hewson), lead guitarist The Edge (born David Howell Evans), bassist Adam Clayton, and drummer Larry Mullen Jr. and formerly dik Evans U2 are a very popular band all over the world and have been since the 1980s. They have sold more than 170 million albums and have won 22 Grammy Awards. This is more than any other rock band.
U2 formed in Dublin in 1976, when none of the members were very good musicians. However, they got better as they got older. They were more popular for playing live shows than for releasing albums. This changed with their hit record in 1987, The Joshua Tree. In 1991, U2 released a new album called Achtung Baby. This album sounded very different from their other albums because it was inspired by alternative rock and dance music. Achtung Baby and its worldwide Zoo TV Tour were both very popular. U2 experimented for the rest of the 1990s, making two other very different albums, Zooropa and Pop.
In the 21st century, U2 returned to a more traditional sound, but they continue to be very popular and successful. They are involved in charities and helping people with groups such as Amnesty International, Make Poverty History, the ONE Campaign, Live Aid, Live 8, Bono's DATA (Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa) campaign, and Music Rising.
In 2014, the group won a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for their song Ordinary Love which was used in the movie Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom.
History
Formation (1976-1979)
U2 was formed in the city of Dublin, Ireland on September 25, 1976. It was founded by 14-year-old drummer Larry Mullen Jr. He posted a note on his school's notice board, asking for musicians to create a new band. There were seven teenage boys who went to their first practice. At first, the band called themselves "Feedback" but later changed their name to "The Hype". The band became smaller over time, eventually becoming just four people, and they finally changed their name to "U2" once Bono, The Edge, Clayton, and Mullen were left.
Influences
U2's influences include Brian Eno, Joy Division, Television, Lou Reed, Bob Dylan, Roxy Music, The Beatles, The Undertones, Roy Obison, Marc Bolan, David Bowie, Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Who, Thin Lizzy, Patti Smith, The Jam, The Rolling Stones, Van Morrison and Lee Clayton.
Albums
Boy (1980)
October (1981)
War (1983)
The Unforgettable Fire (1984)
The Joshua Tree (1987)
Rattle and Hum (1988)
Achtung Baby (1991)
Zooropa (1993)
Pop (1997)
All That You Can't Leave Behind (2000)
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2004)
No Line on the Horizon (2009)
Songs of Innocence (2014)
Songs of Experience (2017)
Songs of Surrender (2023)
References
Other websites
U2 official website
20th-century establishments in the Republic of Ireland
1980s Irish music groups
1990s Irish music groups
2000s Irish music groups
2010s Irish music groups
Irish rock bands
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups from Dublin
Musical quartets
1976 establishments in Europe
Cynthia Ozick

Cynthia S. Ozick (born April 17, 1928) is an American novelist, short story writer and essayist. She mostly writes fiction. However, she also writes literary criticism, politics and history.
Ozick received an Edward Lewis Wallant Award and the National Jewish Book Award for her short story collection, The Pagan Rabbi and Other Stories in 1971. She received the National Jewish Book Award for Fiction in 1977 for her book Bloodshed and Three Novellas.
Ozick was selected as the winner of a Rea Award for the Short Story in 1986.
The novelist David Foster Wallace called Ozick one of the greatest living American writers.
Published works
Novels
Trust (1966)
The Cannibal Galaxy (1983)
The Messiah of Stockholm (1987)
The Puttermesser Papers (1997)
Heir to the Glimmering World (2004) (published in the United Kingdom in 2005 as The Bear Boy)
Foreign Bodies (2010)
Antiquities (2021)
Shorter fiction
The Pagan Rabbi and Other Stories (1971)
Bloodshed and Three Novellas (1976)
Levitation: Five Fictions (1982)
Envy; or, Yiddish in America (1969)
The Shawl (1989)
Collected Stories (2007)
Dictation: A Quartet (2008)
Essay collections
All the World Wants the Jews Dead (1974)
Art and Ardor (1983)
Metaphor & Memory (1989)
What Henry James Knew and Other Essays on Writers (1993)
Fame & Folly: Essays (1996)
"SHE: Portrait of the Essay as a warm body" (1998)
Quarrel & Quandary (2000)
The Din in the Head: Essays (2006)
Critics, Monsters, Fanatics, and Other Literary Essays (2016)
Drama
Blue Light (1994)
Miscellaneous
A Cynthia Ozick Reader (1996)
The Complete Works of Isaac Babel (introduction 2001)
Fistfuls of Masterpieces
References
1928 births
American novelists
American short story writers
Writers from New York City
Living people
O. Henry Award winners
Juanele

Juanele (born 10 April, 1971) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1991-92||rowspan="3"|Sporting Gijon||rowspan="3"|La Liga||24||3
|-
|1992-93||32||7
|-
|1993-94||35||8
|-
|1994-95||rowspan="5"|Tenerife||rowspan="5"|La Liga||29||5
|-
|1995-96||25||7
|-
|1996-97||35||8
|-
|1997-98||29||2
|-
|1998-99||33||5
|-
|1999-00||rowspan="5"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="3"|La Liga||34||9
|-
|2000-01||34||4
|-
|2001-02||30||3
|-
|2002-03||Segunda Division||26||3
|-
|2003-04||La Liga||6||0
|-
|2004-05||Terrassa||Segunda Division||16||1
|-
|2005-06||Real Aviles Industrial||Tercera Division||0||0
388||65
388||65
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1994||5||2
|-
!Total||5||2
|}
References
1971 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Malësi e Madhe District

The Malesi e Madhe District is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is part of Shkoder County. There are 36,091 people. The capital is Koplik. This district borders Montenegro and the majority of the population is Catholic.
References
Districts of Albania
Stockton Springs, Maine

Stockton Springs is a town in Waldo County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Ion Ungureanu

Ion Ungureanu (2 August 1935 - 28 January 2017) was a Moldovan actor and politician. He served as a member of parliament for first Parliament of Moldova from 1990 to 1994. During this time, he was Minister of Culture of Moldova. He was a screen actor between 1962 and 1990. He was born in Opaci.
Ungureanu died on 28 January 2017 in Bucharest, Romania at the age of 81.
References
Other websites
1935 births
2017 deaths
Moldovan politicians
Moldovan people
Movie actors
Spooky Scary Skeletons

Spooky Scary Skeletons is a 1996 Halloween song by Andrew Gold. It is the most well known of the songs from Gold's album Halloween Howls.
In 2010, the song was uploaded to YouTube by Three Ply Chord. , it has been seen over 27 million times. An extended dance mix of the song has had over 84 million views.
Thanks to the numerous YouTube videos and various remixes, the song has became increasingly popular, with the band Red Hot Chili Peppers even doing a version of it at a live Halloween performance. Forbes listed "Spooky Scary Skeletons" fourth in their top 20 list of Halloween songs.
"Spooky Scary Skeletons" is now considered an anthem of the spooky internet subculture.
References
1996 songs
Andrew Gold songs
Halloween
YouTube
Cini Boeri

Cini Boeri (June 19, 1924 - September 9, 2020) was an Italian architect and designer. She was born in Milan. In the 1970s, Boeri began designing showrooms for Knoll in Europe and America.
She worked for many other design companies, including lighting company Artemide, furniture company Arflex, and the housewares company Rosenthal.
Boeri died at her home in Milan on September 9, 2020 at the age of 96.
References
1924 births
2020 deaths
Italian architects
Artists from Milan
Maritime Region

Maritime is one of the five regions of Togo. The regional capital is Lome, which is also Togo's national capital.
Prefectures
There are seven prefectures:
Ave Prefecture
Golfe Prefecture
Lacs Prefecture
Lome (prefecture and capital city)
Vo Prefecture
Yoto
Zio Prefecture
Regions of Togo
Jason Collins

Jason Paul Collins (born December 2, 1978) is a retired American basketball player. He was a center for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
College
Collins played college basketball for Stanford University and was named to the All-Pac-10 first team in 2001.
NBA career
He was drafted by the New Jersey Nets with the 18th overall pick in the 2001 NBA Draft.
He helped the Nets reach the NBA finals in 2001 but they were swept by the Los Angeles Lakers. He played 7 seasons with the Nets and he was traded with cash considerations to the Memphis Grizzlies for Stromile Swift. He played 31 games for the Grizzlies and then he was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves in an eight-player deal involving Kevin Love and O. J. Mayo. When his contract expired at the end of the 2008-09 NBA season, the Timberwolves didn't re-sign him and he signed with the Atlanta Hawks on September 2, 2009. He played 3 seasons with the Hawks and signed an undisclosed deal with the Boston Celtics. He was traded by the Celtics to the Washington Wizards on February 21, 2013 for Jordan Crawford.
Personal
His twin brother Jarron Collins also played in the NBA. On April 29, 2013, Collins wrote the cover story of Sports Illustrated in which he publicly come out as gay. He became the first active male professional athlete in any of the four major North American pro sports leagues to come out. He said that he chose the jersey number 98 in honor of Matthew Shepard, a victim of a gay hate crime in 1998. Collins said that the number was "a statement to myself, my family and my friends".
References
Other websites
Jason Collins at NBA.com
1978 births
African-American basketball players
Atlanta Hawks players
Basketball players from California
Boston Celtics players
Gay men
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from California
LGBT sportspeople
Living people
Los Angeles Clippers players
Memphis Grizzlies players
Minnesota Timberwolves players
New Jersey Nets players
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Washington Wizards players
American basketball players
Brooklyn Nets players
Ambazonia

Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia is a secessionist state of Cameroon, self-proclamed in its English-speaking regions. De facto, Buea is the capital. It is bordered by Cameroon to the east, Nigeria to the west and Bioko island to the south east on the Gulf of Guinea.
Until 1961, Ambazonia was a British-controlled territory known as the Southern Cameroons, while the rest of Cameroon was French-controlled. At independence, a referendum was held and the voters of the Southern Cameroons chose to join Cameroon as a constituent state of a federal republic known as the Federal Republic of Cameroon. Over time, the power of the central government, dominated by French-speaking Cameroonians, has spread to the disadvantage of the region's autonomy. Many residents identify themselves as Anglophones and resent what they perceive as discrimination and the attempts of the Cameroonian government to eradicate Anglophone legal, administrative, educational and cultural institutions.
In 2016 and 2017, a demonstration was met with a violent government repression, which resulted in riots and violence against the security forces and, in 2017, a one-sided declaration of independence by the Ambazonian leadership. The violence escalated into guerrilla warfare and, since 2021, clashes have continued, with population centres and strategic locations largely controlled by the government engaged in counterinsurgency actions, while large parts of more isolated rural areas are controlled by the separatists and used to launch guerrilla attacks. Ambazonian forces have found it difficult to form a united front, and internal conflicts have obstructed efforts to negotiate with Cameroon or to establish control over the various militias involved in the war. Ongoing violence has led to widely reported human rights abuses by both sides, including indiscriminate killing of civilians, torture, rape and gender-based crimes, and unjustified detentions and kidnappings.
Administrative structure
Ambazonia is divided in 13 counties who each have their own capital and 61 Local Government Areas (LGAs).
Dependent territories
Ambazonia
English-speaking countries
2017 establishments
Former British colonies
2010s establishments in Africa
Unrecognized countries
Vaux-en-Vermandois

Vaux-en-Vermandois is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Sokil Kyiv

Hockey Club Sokil Kyiv (Ukrainian: KhK Sokil Kiyiv; English: Falcon Hockey Club), commonly known as Sokil Kyiv or HC Sokil, is a Ukrainian Professional Hockey League team in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. Their home arena is in the city, but the team also plays out of Brovary, still within the Kyiv region.
Sokil is developed many of the country's top young hockey players, producing NHL All Stars such as Dmitri Khristich and Alexei Zhitnik, and Stanley Cup Champions Ruslan Fedotenko and Anton Babchuk.
Franchise history
1963-1973: Dynamo
The team was founded in the summer of 1963 by the Deputy Chairman of Sports of Ukraine, Adrian Miziak, under the name of Dynamo Kyiv. 1963 may be the official birth date of the team, but it was a decade earlier that a Dynamo team from Kyiv would play in the Soviet Cup, making it as far as the second round of the playoffs. The current incarnation, however, would begin its hockey operations in the second tier of Soviet ice hockey, holding its first game on 27 October 1963 against SKA Kuybyshev.
1973-1996: The Falcons
For the club's 10th anniversary in 1973, the club would drop the Dynamo name. The historical white and blue colors of the Dynamo sports society would be kept intact, but the team would adopt the name of the "Falcon", or "Sokil" in Ukrainian. Though Sokil's play would remain inconsistent throughout the 70s, the hiring of Anatoli Bogdanov as head coach in 1976 would have an immediate impact on the team's fortunes.
1996-2009: transitions
With the dissolution of the IHL, orphaned teams from the Soviet Bloc found a home in the newly formed Eastern European Hockey League. Benefiting from a lower level of competition than that of the Russian league, and new head coach Oleksandr Seukand, the team would find renewed success. Sokil would finish 1st overall in 4 of the league's 8 seasons, and become league champions in both 1998 and 1999.
Present
Following the 2008-09 season in the Russian league, the club announced they would rejoin the Belarusian Extraleague for the following year. This was a move largely attributed to the financial burdens brought on by the Russian Ice Hockey Federation's (RHF) mandate that foreign teams pay for the travel, accommodations, and meals of visiting teams. The RHF also demanded that foreign teams pay an annual fee of p. 1,500,000 (approx EUR35,000).
Team colours and mascot
Logo
The team's original colors as Dynamo were, hence the nickname that has held to this day ("white-blues"), white and blue. When the Sokil name was adopted, the team changed their colors to red and blue, the same colors of the Kyiv coat of arms of the time. The team would eventually return to its white and blue roots, along with the addition of a darker accent of blue, as well as black.
Jerseys
The team's original jerseys were white with horizontal blue striping. In 1973, the primary color of red was added, and the body striping was eliminated for a more contemporary look. When the sponsor's name ("Eskulap") was added briefly in 1992, the team logo was changed to a tryzub. Also, the Coca-Cola logo was added to the front of the team's jerseys for a period of time.
References