pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Point shaving

In sports, point shaving, is a certain type of match fixing where basketball or other sports players try to prevent a team from covering a published point spread. Spread betting usually motivates point shaving. The point shaving scheme usually involves a sports gambler and several players who are likely to win the game. In exchange for a bribe, the players agree to making sure the team they are on will not cover the point spread. The gamblers then wager against the bribed team.
Basketball
Basketball is a very easy medium for shaving points. This is because of the scoring tempo of the game and the ease under which one player can influence key events. Corrupt players miss shots on purpose or commit fouls or turnovers. By doing so, he/she makes sure that his or her team fails to cover the actual point spread. However, the game is not lost. The NCAA have a zero tolerance policy prohibiting point shaving.
Point shaving in the NCAA is a federal crime in the United States.
The National Basketball Association, or NBA, have had very few point shaving problems. However, they have had several in the past.
The basketball sports drama movie Blue Chips (1994) is the story of the coach of a fictional university. The basketball coach finds out that one of his players shaved points in a basketball game three years earlier.
References
Organized crime
Basketball
Electoral district of Hervey Bay

Hervey Bay is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 1992.
Hervey Bay includes the city of Hervey Bay and the entire island of K'gari (Fraser Island).
Election results
References
Hervey Bay
École supérieure des techniques aéronautiques et de construction automobile

Ecole superieure des techniques aeronautiques et de construction automobile is a French private school. It was created in 1925.
It trains Master's degree graduates for aerospace, aviation, automobile and naval industries.
It is member of Groupe ISAE.
Former students
Igor Sikorsky, a Russian-American aviation pioneer
References
Further reading
Official website
Technical colleges and universities in France
1925 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in France
Roy Rockwood

Roy Rockwood is the pseudonym created by the Stratemeyer Syndicate for the team of ghostwriters who wrote the syndicate's boys' adventure books. The name is best remembered for the Bomba the Jungle Boy and the Great Marvel series.
Series
Deep Sea (1905-1908)--Later reused as part of Dave Fearless series
Great Marvel (1906-1935)--Volumes 1-5 and 8 ghostwritten by Howard R. Garis
Speedwell Boys (1913-1915)
Dave Dashaway (1913-1915)
Dave Fearless (1926-1927)
Bomba, the Jungle Boy (1926-1937), many ghostwritten by John William Duffield
In addition to Garis and Duffield, some of these books were also written by Leslie McFarlane and W. Bert Foster. Edward Stratemeyer had earlier used the pseudonym "Roy Rockwood" for the book The Wizard of the Sea; or a Trip Under the Ocean, published by the Mershon Company in 1900.
Other websites
American children's writers
Clear Lake, Wisconsin

Clear Lake is a village in Polk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,070 at the 2010 census.
References
Villages in Wisconsin
Polk County, Wisconsin
The Fault in Our Stars (movie)

The Fault in Our Stars is a 2014 American romantic drama movie. This movie is set in Indianapolis, Indiana and Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is based on the novel of the same name by John Green. Shailene Woodley plays Hazel Lancaster. Laura Dern plays Mrs. Lancaster. The movie was released on June 6, 2014. The film made over US$303 million. Critics mostly gave the film positive reviews.
Plot
This movie is about a teenage girl named Hazel. She has terminal cancer. She falls in love with a teenage boy named Augustus she meets at a support group. Hazel finds out that he likes her, too, and invites her over to watch a movie. The next day, Gus calls her, asking if she can come over. His friend, Isaac, is having a nervous breakdown after his girlfriend breaks up with him. Hazel realizes that Gus has read her favorite book to get to know her better, and in exchange, Hazel reads his. The movie courses over multiple meetups, when one day Augustus finds out Hazel's favorite reclusive author's email.
Other websites
2010s coming-of-age movies
2014 romantic drama movies
2010s teen drama movies
2010s teen romance movies
American coming-of-age movies
American romantic drama movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
Movies set in Amsterdam
Cancer in movies
Coming-of-age drama movies
Coming-of-age romance movies
2010s English-language movies
Indiana in fiction
Indianapolis
Movies about couples
Movies about death
Movies about vacationing
Movies about virginity
Movies based on books
Movies set in the Netherlands
Letícia Belorio

Leticia Belorio (born 22 January 2001) is a Brazilian water polo player.
She was part of the Brazilian women's water polo team at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships and 2019 Pan American Games.
References
Other websites
leticia-belorio-from-brazil-
brazils-mirella-coutinho-and-teammate-leticia-belorio
2001 births
Living people
Brazilian water polo players
Navel piercing

A navel piercing is type of piercing to the bellybutton. It is the second most popular piercing, next to ear piercing. It is considered a form of body art. There can be multiple piercings and it is possible to change rings, depending on how you pierce it.
This piercing can be done at any angle where there is a clear flap of skin, but the most common navel piercing is through the upper rim of the navel.
Healing usually takes around 6-12 months, but is different for each person due to differences in their body.
Gallery
Related pages
Nipple piercing
Genital piercing
Jewellery
Jewelry
Ibiza (city)

Ibiza () is a city and municipality on the southeastern coast of the island of Ibiza in the Balearic Islands autonomous community.
References
Cities in the Balearic Islands
Municipalities in the Balearic Islands
Am Dobrock

Am Dobrock is a former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is near the convergence of the rivers Oste and Elbe, about 25 km east of Cuxhaven, and 15 km south of Brunsbuttel. Its seat is in the village Cadenberge. On 1 November 2016 it was combined into the collective municipality Land Hadeln.
The collective municipality Am Dobrock had the following municipalities:
Belum
Bulkau
Cadenberge
Geversdorf
Neuhaus (Oste)
Oberndorf
Wingst
References
Cuxhaven (district)
Former Samtgemeinden in Lower Saxony
Ratris Khel Chale

Ratris Khel Chale (transl. The Game Runs At Night) is a Marathi supernatural thriller drama series.
Cast
Madhav Abhyankar as Hari "Anna" Naik
Shakuntala Nare as Indumati "Mai" Naik
Suhas Shirsat as Dattaram "Datta" Hari Naik
Mangesh Salvi as Madhav Hari Naik
Ashwini Mukadam as Sarita Dattaram Naik
Namrata Pavaskar as Chhaya Hari Naik
Sainkeet Kamat as Abhiram Hari Naik
Dilip Bapat as Advocate Nene
Anil Gawde as Raghunath "Raghu" Gurav
Pralhad Kudtarkar as Pandu
Adish Vaidya as Archis Madhav Naik
Prachi Sukhtankar as Nilima Madhav Naik
Rutuja Dharamdhikari as Sushma Hari Naik
Pooja Gore as Purva Dattaram Naik
Nupur Chitale as Devika Abhiram Naik
Abhishek Gaonkar as Ganesh Dattaram Naik
Hemant Joshi as Jatin Sheth
Nachiket Devsthali as Vishwasrao
Production
It was started from 22 February 2016 by replacing Dil Dosti Duniyadari.
Seasons
Adaptations
Ratings
References
2016 Indian television series debuts
2016 television series endings
Robin McNamara

Robin McNamara (May 5, 1947 - October 2021) was an American pop singer-songwriter, actor and musician. He was born in Newton, Massachusetts. He appeared on Broadway musical Hair, playing the lead role of Claude from 1969 until 1971. He wrote the song "Lay a Little Lovin' on Me". and number 6 in Canada.
McNamara died in October 2021, at the age of 74.
References
Other websites
1947 births
2021 deaths
American stage actors
American pop singers
American pop musicians
Singers from Massachusetts
Musicians from Massachusetts
Actors from Massachusetts
People from Newton, Massachusetts
Nerd

Nerd is a noun often used as an insult, to describe people who are seen as being weird, obsessive or introverted. The first ever usage of the word "nerd" is in the year 1950 in the children's book If I Ran the Zoo by Dr. Seuss where it is one of the fictional animals the narrator would put in the zoo if he were running it. An article of Newsweek Magazine published in 1951 said that the word "nerd" was used as a synonym for the slang word "square" which was at the time a popular pejorative. By the 1960's the phrase "nerd" started meaning someone who was intelligent but strange and antisocial especially if this person were interested in science-fiction was used throughout the United States and even in Scotland. In the 1970's it became extremely common to use the phrase "nerd" because it was routinely used in the television sitcom Happy Days. People labeled as nerds tend to be bullied in school more often than others are. In 1984, there was a movie called Revenge of the Nerds as a social commentary. A number of fictional characters such as Dilton Doiley, Peter Parker, Milhouse Van Houten and Hermione Granger are sometimes described as nerds.
1980s
1990s
2000s
American culture
Anthropology
Internet culture
Lifestyles
Pejoratives
Slang
Subculture
Video games
Maria Rolf

Maria Rolf, born 1970, is a Swedish singer. She is the singer of dansband Titanix.
In February 2010 she participated in the Sveriges dansband for Haiti aid. That happened following an earthquake in Haiti.
On 18 July 2010 she won a Guldklaven Award in the category "female singer of the year". It was during Svenska dansbandsveckan in Malung she was given the award.
References
1970 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Library of Celsus

The Library of Celsus is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, now part of Anatolia, Turkey. It was built in honor of the Roman Senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, known as Celsus.
Celsus paid for the construction of the library with his own personal wealth. Celsus was Consul in 92 AD, Governor of the Roman province of Asia in 115 AD, and a rich and popular local citizen. He was a native of nearby Sardis and amongst the first Greek men to become a consul in the Roman Empire. He is honoured both as a Greek and a Roman on the library itself.
The library was built by his son, Gaius Julius Aquila (Consul 110 AD), and completed in 135 AD.
The library was built to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a monumental tomb for Celsus. Celsus is buried in a sarcophagus beneath the library, in the main entrance. which is both a crypt containing his sarcophagus and a sepulchral monument to him. It was unusual to be buried within a library or even within city limits, so this was a special honour for Celsus.
History
The library was built in Ephesus, a Greek city in Asia Minor.
The building is important as one of few remaining examples of an ancient Roman-influenced library. It also shows that public libraries were built not only in Rome itself but throughout the Roman Empire.
The interior of the library and all its books were destroyed by fire in the devastating earthquake that struck the city in 262. Only the facade survived. About 400 AD, the library was used for other purposes. The facade was completely destroyed by a later earthquake, likely in the late Byzantine period.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the facade was restored. It now serves as a prime example of Roman public architecture. The building had a single hall which faced east toward the morning sun, as Vitruvius advised, to benefit early risers. Beside the entrances are four pairs of Ionic columns on pedestals. A set of Corinthian columns stands directly above the first set, adding to the height of the building. It is thought there once may have been a third set of columns.
This type of facade with inset frames and niches for statues is like that found in ancient Greek theatres, and so is described as "scenographic".
References
Libraries in Asia
Buildings and structures in Ancient Greece
Buildings and structures in Turkey
World Heritage Sites in Turkey
Roman buildings and structures
1st-century buildings and structures
North Sinai Governorate

North Sinai Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. The capital city is Arish. The governorate is on the northern half of the Sinai Peninsula.
Cities and towns
El Arish - the capital and largest city, with 164,830 people .
Nekhel
Rafah
Bir al-Abed
Sheikh Zuweid
Governorates of Egypt
Middle Jurassic

The Middle Jurassic is the second geological epoch in the Jurassic. It began 174.1 million years ago, and ended at 163.5 million years ago.
In the Middle Jurassic, Pangaea began to split apart. It began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Tectonic activities closed the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. A subduction zone on the coast of western North America continues to create the ancestral Rocky Mountains.
Life of the epoch
Marine life
During this time, marine life (including ammonites and bivalves) flourished. Ichthyosaurs, although common, are reduced in diversity. A type of crocodilians first appeared.
Plesiosaurs became common at this time. The top marine predators, the pliosaurs, grew to the size of killer whales and larger e.g. Pliosaurus, Liopleurodon.
Terrestrial life
New types of dinosaurs evolved on land. Cetiosaurus was an early sauropod found in England in the mid-19th century.
The environment in which Cetiosaurus lived was floodplain and open woodland. Brachiosaurs and Megalosaurus also lived in this environment.
The cynodont therapsids flourished with the dinosaurs, but they were only shrew-sized. None grew larger than a badger. One group of cynodonts, the Trithelodonts were becoming rare and eventually became extinct at the end of this epoch. The Tritylodonts were still common, though. In this epoch "true" mammals evolved from a group of cynodonts.
Flora
Conifers were dominant in the Middle Jurassic. Other plants, such as ginkgoes, cycads, and ferns were also common. These are the trees which the large herbivores ate.
Related pages
Jurassic
Lower Jurassic
Upper Jurassic
References
Jurassic
Fossils
Martin Heinrich

Martin Trevor Heinrich (born October 17, 1971) is an American politician. He is the senior United States Senator for New Mexico. He was in office since 2013. From 2009 to 2013 Heinrich was the U.S. Representative for . He is a member of the Democratic Party.
References
1971 births
Living people
American Lutherans
Politicians from Nevada
United States representatives from New Mexico
United States senators from New Mexico
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Kiril Domuschiev

Kiril Petrov Domuschiev (; born 18 April 1969) is a Bulgarian businessman. He is the owner of football club PFC Ludogorets Razgrad. In 2003, he co-founded Advance Properties. In April 2019, Advance Properties bought Nova Television, the largest media group in Bulgaria. He was born in Sofia.
In March 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Domuschiev tested positive for COVID-19.
References
1969 births
Living people
Bulgarian businesspeople
People from Sofia
13th century

The 13th century was the century from 1201 to 1300.
Decades and years
Note: years before or after the 13th century are in italics.
Related pages
Kamakura period
Amparo Rivelles

Amparo Rivelles, (real name: Maria Amparo Rivelles Ladron de Guevara) (11 February 1925 - 7 November 2013) was a Spanish actress.
Rivelles was born on 11 February 1925 in Madrid, Spain.
In the beginning of her career, she was known as Amparito Rivelles.
She worked in Cinema of Mexico and in telenovelas. Grandchildren of theatre couple Jaime Rivelles and Amparo Guillen, Rivelles was the sister of famous Carlos Larranaga actor, and aunt of Luis Merlo, Amparo Larranaga and Pedro Larranaga.
Rivelles died on 7 November 2013 in Madrid, Spain from unknown causes, aged 88.
References
Other websites
1925 births
2013 deaths
Spanish movie actors
Spanish television actors
Spanish stage actors
Actors from Madrid
Baklava

Baklava (Ottoman Turkish: bqlw) is a traditional sweet made from pastry and often eaten as a dessert. It is known in many countries of the Middle East, Western Asia and the Balkan Peninsula. It is also developed from the cookery of the Ottoman Empire. Baklava is a popular dessert in Turkey.
Baklava is made of thin pastry layers filled with nuts, pistachios or walnuts. It sweetened with special syrup or honey. Baklava can also be served with ice cream or kaymak (clotted cream). Baklava is also a popular dessert in Greece.
References
Other websites
Turkish food
Greek food
Desserts
Louis Mermaz

Louis Mermaz (born 20 August 1931) is a French politician. He was born in Paris.
Mermaz was a member of the Socialist Party. Mermaz was a member of the National Assembly from 1997 to 2001. He was President of the National Assembly between 1981 to 1986.
He was Minister of Agriculture from 1990 to 1992, and Minister of Relations with Parliament in the Beregovoy government from 1992 to 1993.
References
1931 births
Living people
Politicians from Paris
Presidents of the National Assembly (France)
Anal beads

Anal beads are a sex toy. They are beads on a string. They are put into the anus of a woman or man for sexual arousal. They can be made of many different materials, such as rubber, metal or glass.
Sex industry
Keyser, West Virginia

Keyser () is a city in and the county seat of Mineral County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 5,439 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in West Virginia
County seats in West Virginia
Lager Norderney

Lager Norderney was a Nazi concentration camp on Alderney, in the Channel Islands, named after the East Frisian island of Norderney.
The Germans built four concentration camps on the island, subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (in Hamburg, Germany). Each subcamp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney at Saye, Lager Borkum at Platte Saline, Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulere and Lager Helgoland, in the northwest corner of the island. 700 people died in the Alderney concentration camps (out of about 6,000 inmates). These were the only Nazi concentration camps on British soil.
It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I-which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and since mid-February 1943 ran under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany. It was used by the Nazi Organisation Todt, a forced labour programme, to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications.
Norderney camp housed European (usually Eastern but including Spaniard) and Russian enforced labourers. The prisoners in Lager Norderney and Lager Sylt were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. Sylt camp held Jewish enforced labourers and was a death camp. The Borkum and Helgoland camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but marginally better than the inmates at the Sylt and Norderney camps. Lager Borkum was used for German technicians and volunteers from different countries of Europe. Lager Helgoland was filled with Russian Organisation Todt workers. (For further information on Alderney concentration camps, see Appendix F: Concentration Camps: Endlosung - The Final Solution; Alderney, a Nazi concentration camp on an island Anglo-Norman;.
In 1942, Lager Norderney, containing Russian and Polish POWs, and Lager Sylt, holding Jews, were placed under the control of the SS Hauptsturmfuhrer Max List. Over 700 of the inmates lost their lives before the camps were closed and the remaining inmates transferred to Germany in 1944.
Related pages
Nazi concentration camp list
Neuengamme concentration camp subcamp list
The Holocaust
References
Nazi concentration camps on Alderney
Learned society

A learned society also known as Learned Academy, Scholarly society, or academic association) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline , profession , or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and science Membership to the society mae be open to all, also may require possession of some qualifications, or maybe an honor conferred by election.
References
Other websites
Scientific organizations
Kinzau Dam

The Kinzua Dam is one of the largest dams east of the Mississippi River. It is along the Allegheny River in Warren County, Pennsylvania. It was created to control floods.
The construction of the dam forced many Native American Seneca people off of their land. The Seneca lost a lot of farming land. They wrote a letter to John F. Kennedy to stop the dam. He refused. They lost the Cornplanter Tract. Several towns including Corydon, Kinzua, Quaker Bridge, and Red House were forced to move.
Related pages
Dam
Hydroelectric power
John F. Kennedy
Seneca people
References
LFO (American band)

Lyte Funkie Ones (LFO) is an American pop band. It has vocalists Devin Lima (born March 18, 1977) and Brad Fischetti (born September 11, 1975).
Biography
The band was formerly a trio that also featured lead singer and primary songwriter Rich Cronin, and initially disbanded after his death in 2010, but Lima and Fischetti reunited LFO as a duo in 2017. Before Lima joined the group in 1999, the third member was Brian Gillis (known as "Brizz"), who was with the group from its start in 1995.
The band is best known for their hit songs "Summer Girls", "Girl on TV", and "Every Other Time". The band have sold over 4 million records worldwide.
In October 2017, Devin Lima was diagnosed with stage four adrenal cancer and he had one kidney removed.. He died from the disease on November 21, 2018 at the age of 41.
References
Other websites
1995 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Massachusetts
Musical groups established in 1995
2002 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
2009 establishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 2009
2010 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups disestablished in 2010
2017 establishments in the United States
Musical groups established in the 2010s
American R&B bands
American pop rock bands
Musicians from Massachusetts
2000s establishments in Massachusetts
2000s disestablishments in Massachusetts
Aled Roberts

Aled Roberts (17 May 1962 - 13 February 2022) was a Welsh politician. He was born in Rhosllannerchrugog, Wrexham. He was an elected member of the National Assembly for Wales from 2011 until 2016. He was a member of the Welsh Liberal Democrats party.
On 1 April 2019 he was appointed Welsh Language Commissioner by the Welsh Government.
Roberts died on 13 February 2022, at the age of 59.
References
1962 births
2022 deaths
Welsh politicians
Pishin, Pakistan

Pishin () is a small town in Pishin District, Balochistan, Pakistan. In 2022, about 20.000 people lived there. The city is the capital of the district. The city is located in the east of the Balochistan province at 30deg35'0N 67deg0'0E near the border with Afghanistan with an altitude of 1555 metres (5104 feet). Tremors from the 2008 Ziarat earthquake were felt in the town. Today, the area around the city is mostly known for producing fruit. Most of the people in the area are ethnic Pashtuns.
Bus routes connect the city to other cities in Pakistan, and Afghanistan. There also is a railway line and a small airport.
Notable people
Qazi Muhammad Essa, senior leader of the Pakistan Movement and a close associate of Quaid-e-Azam
Jennifer Musa, politician and lady social worker
Jehangir Ashraf Qazi, diplomat, former Pakistani ambassador to the United States
Qazi Faez Isa, Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan
Sultan Golden, motorcycle Stuntman
References
Tehsils of Balochistan
Latin Empire

The Latin Empire was a feudal crusader state. It was created during the Fourth Crusade on the land captured from the Byzantine Empire. Originally, the crusaders were told to retake the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem. Instead of doing that, the crusaders looted and captured Constantinople.
History
Fourth crusade
In 1202, Pope Innocent III called for the crusaders to retake the Holy Land from the Abbasid. Due to financial problems, the crusaders were not able to reach their original goals. Crusaders and the Venetians attacked and looted the Catholic city of Zara, Croatia. Soon after this, they were excommunicated by the pope.
Crusaders and the Venetians later decided to go to Constantinople. In 1203, the Crusaders besieged Constantinople. A year later they looted and captured the city.
Latin Empire
In 1204, Baldwin IX of Flanders was crowned the Latin Emperor of Constantinople in Hagia Sophia. Baldwin did not reign for long. He was captured in the Battle of Adrianople while fighting the Bulgarians.
Notes
References
Former countries in Europe
Crusades
Mi querida España

"Mi querida Espana" ("My Dearest Spain" or "My Lovely Spain") is a song. It was written and sung by the Spanish songwriter Cecilia in 1975. It was included on her album Un ramito de violetas (A bouquet of violets). This song was considered a protest song in the last years of Francisco Franco's dictatorship because of its lyrics.
Description
"Mi querida Espana" was a hit in the 1970s and became a part of Spanish music history. It has become a national symbol.
The lyrics include social criticism toward the Franco government. Some sentences were considered controversial by the government authorities in those years. For example, where Cecilia sung:
this was changed by the censors to this version:
Music video
The music video was filmed in Retiro Park, Madrid by Enrique Marti Maqueda, TVE's producer in those times, for the 1975 OTI Festival.
Other versions
In 1987, the Spanish band La Decada Prodigiosa released a cover of the song.
In 1996 (twenty years after Cecilia's death) it was published in a tribute album titled: Desde que tu te has ido (Since you are gone). Several artists sang her singles in memory of Cecilia. Miguel Bose recorded this song.
In 2015 "Mi querida Espana" was performed by Kiko Veneno and Rozalen for the soundtrack of the Spanish movie Perdiendo el norte.
References
Other websites
Discogs' profile
1975 songs
Spanish-language songs
Primary Colors (movie)

Primary Colors is a 1998 American comedy-drama movie directed by Mike Nichols. The screenplay by Elaine May was based of the novel Primary Colors: A Novel of Politics about Bill Clinton's first presidential campaign in 1992. The movie starred John Travolta, Emma Thompson, Billy Bob Thornton, Kathy Bates, Maura Tierney, Larry Hagman, and Adrian Lester.
Bates was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance, and May was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
References
1998 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies directed by Mike Nichols
Movies based on books
Frank Schirrmacher

Frank Schirrmacher (September 5, 1959 - June 12, 2014) was a German journalist, literature expert and essayist, writer. Since 1994, he was co-publisher of the national German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.
Schirrmacher died from a heart attack in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, aged 54.
References
Other websites
1959 births
2014 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Deaths from myocardial infarction
German essayists
German journalists
People from Wiesbaden
Writers from Hesse
Will McBride (photographer)

Will McBride (January 10, 1931 - January 29, 2015) was an American photographer in reportage, art photography and book illustration, as well as, a painter and sculptor. He was known for his works that were against censorship in the United States, like pictures of people naked. McBride was born in St. Louis, Missouri and raised in Chicago, Illinois. His entire career was based in Berlin.
McBride died in his home in Berlin at the age of 84.
References
Other websites
1931 births
2015 deaths
American photographers
American journalists
American painters
Artists from Chicago
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
Writers from Chicago
People from Berlin
Ron-Thorben Hoffmann

Ron-Thorben Hoffmann (born 4 April 1999) is a German footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Bayern Munich.
References
1999 births
German association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
People from Rostock
Living people
Dodgeville, Wisconsin

Dodgeville is a city in Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2010 Census, 4,698 people lived there. It is the largest city in Iowa county and the 9th largest city within the Madison metropolitan area. It is also the county seat of Iowa County. Dodgeville is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. New London, Minnesota
Dodgeville is one of Wisconsin's oldest cities. It is the sixth oldest European settlement in the state. At one time, it was the largest city in Wisconsin.
The city is twinned with Oakham, Rutland, United Kingdom.
Geography
The city has a total area of . All of it is land.
History
In 1827, Henry Dodge began what would become the city of Dodgeville. Dodge made a pact with the local Winnebago Indian leaders. The pact let him build a cabin and smelter. The first community was made up of three settlements: "Dodgeville", "Dirty Hollow" and "Minersville".
Dodgeville was named after Henry Dodge. It grew slowly during its early years. It became a village in the 1840s. Later a small "war" was fought with Mineral Point over which community should be the county seat of Iowa County. Mineral Point was the seat, but the people of Dodgeville felt they should be the county seat. It is said that people from Mineral Point fired a cannon at Dodgeville over this. Dodgeville eventually became the county seat. It is the site of the Iowa County seat in what is Wisconsin's oldest courthouse. Dodgeville then had its population grow very quickly. Many miners moved to the city from England. British and Cornish architecture can still be seen in the city today. Dodgeville became the largest city in Wisconsin. This did not last long. The amount of mining grew smaller. Because of this, quickly growing cities such as Milwaukee became larger than Dodgeville.
Government
The foundations for the Iowa County Courthouse were laid in 1859. This makes it the oldest continuously active courthouse in the state.
Notable people
Glenn A. Abbey, U.S. diplomat
Bill Dyke, former U.S. vice presidential candidate
Homer Fieldhouse, landscape architect
Archie Hahn, Gold medal Olympic sprinter in the 1904 and 1906 Olympics
Steve Hilgenberg, Wisconsin State Assembly
John "Weenie" Wilson, Hall of Fame football, basketball, and baseball coach
References
Other websites
Dodgeville Chamber of Commerce
Iowa County Historical Society
Cities in Wisconsin
Iowa County, Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
1827 establishments in the United States
1820s establishments in Michigan Territory
Greed

Greed is a desire to have more goods, or more wealth than is needed. Christianity says that greed is one of the Seven deadly sins. There it is listed as avarice, or in Latin avaritia.
Emotions
Seven deadly sins
nl:Hoofdzonde#Avaritia
Boys Like Girls (album)

Boys Like Girls is the debut hit album released in 2006 by rock band Boys Like Girls. The album was recorded in 2005-2006. The album has 4 singles.
Singles
2006 - The Great Escape
2007 - Hero / Heroine
2007 - Five Minutes to Midnight
2008 - Thunder
Track listing
"The Great Escape" (Martin Johnson, Sam Hollander, Dave Katz) - 3:28
"Five Minutes to Midnight" (Johnson, Hollander, Katz) - 3:47
"Hero/Heroine" (Johnson) - 3:52
"On Top of the World" (Johnson) - 3:36
"Thunder" (Johnson, Paul DiGiovanni) - 3:56
"Me, You and My Medication" (Johnson, Bleu) - 4:28
"Up Against the Wall" (Johnson, Hollander, Katz) - 3:39
"Dance Hall Drug" (Johnson) - 3:29
"Learning to Fall" (Johnson, Hollander, Katz) - 3:04
"Heels Over Head" (Johnson) - 3:08
"Broken Man" (Johnson) - 3:31
"Holiday" (Johnson) - 5:08
The album was re-released on November 13, 2007 which contains an acoustic version of "Hero/Heroine" plus live performance videos and photo galleries as part of the enhanced portion of the disc.
Discography
Albums
2006 - Boys girl's album
2009 - Untitled Second Studio Album
Singles
2006 - "The Great Escape"
2007 - "Hero / Herione"
2008 - "Thunder"
Performers
Paul DiGiovanni - lead guitar
Bryan Donahue - bass
Martin Johnson - vocals, rhythm guitar
John Keefe - drums
2006 albums
Boys Like Girls
Rison, Arkansas

Rison is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Cobie Smulders

Jacoba Francisca Maria Smulders (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian-American model, actress and voice artist. She has acted in movies and television. She played Robin Scherbatsky in the TV series How I Met Your Mother. She plays Maria Hill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Smulders was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Smulders has been married to Taran Killam since 2012. They have two daughters, Shaelyn Cado Killam (born 2009) and Janita Mae Killam (born 2015).
References
Other websites
1982 births
Living people
Actors from Vancouver
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Stuart Stone

Stuart Stone (born Stuart Eisenstein) is a Canadian film, television, and voice actor as well as a producer of television, film and music. He is best known for his roles as Ronald Fisher in the 2001 cult film, Donnie Darko, and Ralphie Tennelli on The Magic School Bus animated television series from 1994 to 1997. Stone has also toured as a comedian and rapper.
Other websites
1980 births
Canadian voice actors
Living people
Canadian child actors
Actors from Ontario
Musicians from Ontario
Canadian television actors
Canadian comedians
Canadian rappers
Davis Cleveland

Davis Cleveland (born February 5, 2002) is an American (formerly child) actor. He is best known for his role as Flynn Jones on Disney Channel's Shake It Up. He has also appeared in Good Luck Charlie, Hannah Montana, and the Disney XD series, Zeke and Luther, and Pair of Kings.
Disney Filmography
American child actors
American television actors
Living people
2002 births
Actors from Houston
American drummers
American rappers
Singers from Houston
Disney actors
Movie actors
Musicians from Texas
Bodolz

Bodolz is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Other websites
Municipalities in Bavaria
Lindau (district)
Lefkada

Lefkada is a Greek island. It is in the west of Greece in the Ionian Sea. It is the fourth largest island of the Ionian Sea after Kefalonia, Corfu and Zakynthos. Its total area is 303 square kilometers. Its population is 23,845 residents according to 2001 Greek census. The largest town of Lefkada is Lefkada (city). Its population is 10,875 people.
Sights - Tourism
Lefkada is famous for its beautiful beaches. The island is surrounded by many beautiful beaches with azure-green color. The most impressive beaches are Porto Katsiki, Kathisma and Egremni. All of these beaches are in the west of the island. According to Guardian newspaper the Porto Katsiki beach is one of the most beautiful beaches in Europe.
Every year many tourists visit Lefkada. Tourists come from western European countries, most from Italy. The most touristic village on the island is Nidri which is in the east of the island. Opposite Nidri there are many small green islets. Among them is the islet Scorpios which belonged to millionaire Aristotle Onassis.
History
The German archaeologist Wilhelm Dorpfeld, believed that Lefkada was the real country of Odysseus. In Classic period, Lefkada was a colony of Corinth. Later it passed under the Roman rule and Byzantine rule. In medieval era many conquerors passed from the island. In the thirteenth century Venice took the island from Byzantium. The Venetians remained in island for many years. The Turks conquered the island for a brief period but the Venetians took the island back and held it until 1797. Then the Napoleon's France took the island and after the island passed in England. In 1864, the English gave Lefkada to Greece, along with the other Ionian islands.
References
Islands of Greece
Didcot power stations

Didcot Power Station refers to a combined coal and oil power plant (Didcot A Power Station) and a natural-gas power plant (Didcot B Power Station) that supply the National Grid. They are right next to one another in the civil parish of Sutton Courtenay, next to the town of Didcot in Oxfordshire (formerly in Berkshire), in the UK. The combined power stations feature a chimney which is one of the taller structures in the United Kingdom, and six hyperbolic cooling towers, which can be seen from much of the surrounding area. Didcot A was closed in 2013 and three cooling towers have been demolished.
Didcot 'A'
This was the first power station here. It is the biggest one with the big cooling towers (that make the cooling water cooler and make lots of steam) that are in two groups. One group is northwest, the other group is southeast. The power station can make up to 2000 megawatts (2000 million watts - an 'average' lightbulb uses only 50 or 60 watts) at any one time. Didcot 'A' mainly burns coal, but can also burn oil, or in some cases gas. This power station can use some biomass such as wood. The fuel (coal, oil and so on) is first ground up in big mills if it is solid (similar to old flour windmills, but powered by electric motors) to give it a large surface area, and is then blown into a large boiler with lots of air. Here it is burnt to make very high pressure steam, which is used to turn a large steam turbine. This turbine is connected to a generator, which makes the electricity that is then sent out on the National Grid. Didcot A was closed in 2013 and has been demolished. There are now (2018) only three of the large cooling towers left.
Didcot 'B'
This is the second power station in Didcot and is run only on gas. It can put out almost 1500 megawatts and uses gas turbines (like in an airplane) and steam turbines (like in the old power station) together to be more efficient. This is called combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT). It has smaller cooling towers that can't be seen as easily, but that make a more obvious cloud that appears to come from the ground. Didcot B is still operating in 2018.
References
1968 establishments in England
Power plants
South Oxfordshire
GDebi

GDebi is a computer program that runs on Linux and can install .deb packages. It is available with a graphical interface, but also has a command line option.
Technology
GDebi can install local .deb packages with automatic dependency resolution (it automatically downloads and installs the required packages with apt).
Linux software
Daiji (era)

was a after Tenji and before Tensho. This period started in January 1126 and ended in January 1131. The reigning emperor was .
Events of the Daiji Era
1128 (Daiji 3, in the 3rd month): Taiken-mon In ordered the construction of Ensho-ji because of a sacred vow. This was one in a series of "sacred vow temples" (gogan-ji).
1128 (Daiji 3, 6th month): Fujiwara Tadamichi is given the role of kampaku.
24 July 1129 (Daiji 4, 7th day of the 7th month): Former-Emperor Shirakawa died at the age of 77.
Related pages
Heian period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
1126 establishments
1120s establishments in Japan
1131 disestablishments
1130s disestablishments in Japan
Potato chip

A potato chip (also known as a potato crisp in the United Kingdom) is a thin slices of potato that have been baked or fried and lightly salted or seasoned. Some popular flavors of potato chips are: salt and vinegar, ketchup, sour cream and onion. They are one of the most important snack foods in Western nations. In England, they are called "Crisps". In America, they are called "Potato chips".
In the 1790s, Thomas Jefferson brought thick french fries to the United States from France. However, a customer at a restaurant at the Moon Lake Lodge in Saratoga Springs, New York, was making the chef, George Crum, angry by saying that the fries were not thin enough. Finally, George Crum became so angry he decided to exaggerate. He sliced the potatoes so thinly they could not even be pierced with a fork. Then he put them in ice water for 30 minutes. After he fried and salted them, he gave them to the customer - who, to his surprise, loved them. First named "Saratoga Chips" in 1853, it later became well known as "potato chips". George Crum later opened his own restaurant that served his special potato chips.
Notes
References
Choron, Sandra. The Big Book of Kids' Lists. New York: World Almanac Publications, 1985.
Caney, Steven. Steven Caney's Kids' America. New York: Workman Publishing, 1978
Flexner, Stuart Berg. Listening to America. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982.
Sutton, Caroline. How Did They Do That? New York: William Morrow and Co., 1987
Other websites
Taquitos.net (more than 900 reviews of potato chips)
A short documentary How Do They Make Potato Chips?
Snack foods
Potatoes
Bouilhonnac

Bouilhonnac is a commune of 227 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Boško Marinko

Bosko Marinko (11 August 1939 - 18 July 2020) was a Serbian wrestler. He competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1972 Summer Olympics.
Marinko died on 18 July 2020, aged 81.
References
Other websites
1939 births
2020 deaths
Yugoslavian Olympians
Wrestlers
James V of Scotland

James V (1512-1542) was King of Scotland from 1513 through 1542. He was the father of Mary Queen of Scots.
Other websites
1512 births
1542 deaths
Kings and Queens of Scotland
16th century in Scotland
Computer jargon

Computer jargon means words to do with computers and surrounding topics. Knowing what these words mean can help people know more about computers. Most people use these words to discuss computer ideas, but some people use these words to impress others (also known as buzzwords).
Some examples of jargon are:
Disk - a place to store data.
Data - information stored on a computer. The amount of data that is stored on a disk is measured with the following terms:
Bit - the smallest data unit, can either be a "0" or a "1."
Nibble, sometimes nybble - there are 4 bits in a Nibble. This is the amount of data that can be expressed in one hexadecimal (base 16) character.
Byte - there are 8 bits in a byte. One byte is enough to hold one single letter or number of text.
Kilobyte - there are 1024 Bytes in a Kilobyte.
Megabyte - there are 1024 Kilobytes in a Megabyte.
Gigabyte - there are 1024 Megabytes in a Gigabyte.
Terabyte - there are 1024 Gigabytes in a Terabyte.
Petabyte - there are 1024 Terabytes in a Petabyte.
Note that some people and some companies use a different version of these numbers, replacing 1024 with 1000 in each of the above numbers.
Upload - to put data on somewhere. For example, on the internet or a website, "I uploaded my pictures to Facebook."
Download - to copy data from somewhere. For example, "I downloaded a song from iTunes."
Load - to get data from, or put it on, a disk.
Save - to put data on a disk.
RAM - random access memory.
ROM - read only memory. This is memory that does not get changed.
Hardware - the solid parts of a computer, like monitors, fans, CPU, etc.
CPU - central processing unit, another name for processor.
GHz - gigahertz. Used to describe the speed of a processor. Some processors are capable of doing more than one thing at once, as they have multiple "cores", so a bigger number is not necessarily better. The bigger the GHz number, the faster it runs and the more energy it uses.
USB - universal serial bus, a method used to plug computer tools into a machine.
Email - electronic mail.
WWW - World Wide Web, part of the Internet.
Broadband - a fast internet connection.
WiFi - a way to connect to a network wirelessly.
Plug & Play - a function from the OS that auto-recognizes any change to the hardware of the computer.
OS - operating system. The main program that controls all the computer functions, it calls other programs.
Program - set of data that tells the processor what to do and call for in the rest of PC.
Software - another name for program.
Installation - the way a software sets the place for itself in a computer.
Malware bad software made to do something to a computer or destroy data
Spyware Malware made to steal data
Computer Virus - Malware that spreads automatically
Hacker - people who search flaws in the way computers work. They can use their knowledge for evil, too.
Computer terminology
en:Computer jargon
Vicki Escarra

Vicki Escarra is an American director of welfare organizations. She was the CEO of Feeding America and is leading Opportunity International since 2012.
Life
Escarra was born around 1955 in Decatur in Georgia. She obtained a bachelor degree in psychology at Georgia State University. Furthermore, she completed the Executive Management Program at Columbia University and the Executive Leadership Program at Harvard University.
Since 1973 she worked for Delta Air Lines. Here her career rose, and finally she became the director of the customer service. At that moment she directed over 52,000 employees. In 2002 she was honored with the YWCA Women of Achievement Award.
Since 2003 she was a member of the board of the banking firm A. G. Edwards, and also of several other boards like for the Association of Professional Women and the Committee of 200. From 2004 to 2006 she worked as a chairman of the Atlanta Convention & Visitors Bureau.
From 2006 to 2012 she was director of Feeding America, an organization behind two hundred food banks in the United States and Puerto Rico with programs like soup kitchens and shelters. The organization feeds tens of millions of Americans that do not have enough food to buy themselves. For her work for Feeding America she was honored in 2009 with a Four Freedoms Award in the category Freedom from want.
Since 2012 Escarra leads Opportunity International, an international organization that works in the field of micro finance, insurance and training of small companies in twenty countries in the Third World.
References
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
1955 births
Living people
People from Decatur, Georgia
American chief executives
Georgia State University alumni
Titles of Nobility Amendment

The Titles of Nobility Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution. It was approved by the 11th Congress on May 1, 1810, and submitted to the state legislatures for ratification. It would strip United States citizenship from any citizen who accepted a title of nobility from a foreign country. On two occasions between 1812 and 1816, it only needed ratifying by two states to become a valid part of the Constitution. Congress did not set a time limit for its ratification, so the amendment is still pending before the states. Now, since the number of states has increased, ratification by an additional 26 states would be needed for this amendment to be adopted.
Text
Background
This proposed amendment would amplify both Article I, Section 9, which prohibits the federal government from issuing titles of nobility or honor, and Section 10, which prohibits the states from issuing them.
There is speculation that the Congress proposed the amendment in response to the 1803 marriage of Napoleon Bonaparte's younger brother, Jerome, and Betsy Patterson of Baltimore, Maryland. She gave birth to a son for whom she wanted aristocratic recognition from France. The child, named Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte, was not born in the United States, but in Great Britain on July 7, 1805. Nevertheless, he would have held U.S. citizenship through his mother. In turn, his son, Charles Joseph Bonaparte, was born in 1851 and died 1921. He graduated from Harvard Law School, and became Secretary of the Navy and then, in the Theodore Roosevelt Administration, Attorney-General - and created the FBI. Another theory is that his mother actually desired a title of nobility for herself. She is referred to as the "Duchess of Baltimore" in many texts written about the amendment. The marriage had been annulled in 1805. This was well before the amendment's proposal by the 11th Congress. Nonetheless, Representative Nathaniel Macon of North Carolina is recorded to have said that "he considered the vote on this question as deciding whether or not we were to have members of the Legion of Honor in this country."
Notes
References
Other websites
N.H. Republican Lawmakers Allege Missing Constitutional Amendment Was Purposely Deleted in 1871
Proposed amendments to the United States Constitution