pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
James Charles

James Charles Dickinson (born May 23, 1999) is an American Internet personality, beauty YouTuber and make-up artist. In 2016, he became the first male ambassador for CoverGirl.
Charles is most known for his YouTube channel focusing on makeup, which he launched on December 1, 2015. It currently has 19.5 million subscribers, making him the #1 most subscribed beauty guru. His TikTok buddies are Addison Rae, Charli D'Amelio, Chase Hudson, and Avani Gregg.
On May 6, 2019, his channel had 16.6 million subscribers, and on May 11, 2019, he became the first ever YouTube personality to lose over 1 million subscribers in 24 hours.
On October 11, 2016, at the age of seventeen, Charles became the first male spokesperson for cosmetics brand CoverGirl.
References
1999 births
Living people
American YouTubers
LGBT businesspeople
Gay men
LGBT artists
Businesspeople from New York (state)
LGBT people from New York (state)
American TikTokers
Twitch (service) streamers
American bloggers
Models from New York (state)
LGBT entertainers
Make-up artists
Richard M. Sherman

Richard Morton Sherman (born June 12, 1928) is an American songwriter. He worked in musical movies with his brother Robert B. Sherman. Some of the Sherman Brothers' best known songs were in live action and animated musical films including: Mary Poppins, The Jungle Book, The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, "Bedknobs and Broomsticks", The Slipper and the Rose, and Charlotte's Web. Their most well known work iss the theme park song "It's a Small World (After All)".
Sherman was born in New York City to Russian Jewish immigrants, Rosa (Dancis) and Al Sherman. In 1953 Sherman was drafted into United States Army ans assigned to the Army Band and glee club. He was musical conductor for both groups from 1953 until his honorable discharge in 1955. He studied at Bard College.
Sherman lives in London, England.
References
Other websites
Audio interview with Richard M. Sherman on the Sodajerker On Songwriting podcast
Walt's Time
Sherman Music
Audio Interview with Richard M. Sherman on the WDW Radio Show by Lou Mongello
Richard M. Sherman at SoundUnwound
Richard Sherman Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2016)
Academy Award winning composers
Grammy Award winners
1928 births
Living people
American songwriters
Disney people
Writers from New York City
Gilles Grondin

Gilles Grondin (3 February 1943 - 18 July 2005) was a Canadian politician. He was the mayor of Shawinigan-Sud, Quebec from 1977 to 1985. He was also a member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada from 1986 to 1988. He represented the electoral area of Saint-Maurice. During this time, he was a part of the Liberal Party.
As a politician, he was the mayor of Shawinigan-Sud for two terms. He did not try to get elected for a third time. Instead, he was elected in a by-election in 1986 to replace Jean Chretien. This was for the federal House of Commons. In the 1988 federal election, he did not run for re-election. He was replaced by Denis Pronovost, who was a part of the Progressive Conservative Party.
Grondin died in 2005. He had cancer for a very long time.
References
Other websites
1943 births
2005 deaths
Cancer deaths in Canada
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Canadian mayors
Tytonidae

Barn-owls (family Tytonidae) are one of the two families of owls. The other is the true owls, Strigidae. They are medium to large sized owls with large heads and heart-shaped faces. They have long, strong legs with powerful talons.
The barn owls are a wide ranging family. They are not found in northern North America, Saharan Africa and large areas of Asia. They live in a wide range of habitats from deserts to forests, and from temperate latitudes to the tropics.
The barn-owls' main characteristic is the heart-shaped facial disc, formed by stiff feathers. The feathers help to amplify and locate the source of sounds when the bird hunts. Adaptations to the wing feathers eliminate sound caused by flying. This helps both the owl's hearing, and keeps the prey unaware of the owl. To summarise: the owl hunts mainly at dusk and night-time. Its uses sound to detect prey movement: its hearing is sensitive, and its wings are almost silent.
Species
Genus Tyto
Greater sooty-owl, T. tenebricosa
Lesser sooty-owl, T. multipunctata
Australian masked owl, T. novaehollandiae
Cave-nesting masked owl, T. novaehollandiae troughtoni - disputed; probably extinct (1960s)
Golden masked owl, T. aurantia
Lesser masked owl, T. sororcula
Buru masked owl, T. (sororcula) cayelii - possibly extinct (mid-20th century?)
Manus masked owl, T. manusi
Taliabu masked owl, T. nigrobrunnea
Minahassa masked owl, T. inexspectata
Sulawesi owl, T. rosenbergii
Peleng masked owl, T. rosenbergii pelengensis - probably extinct (mid-20th century)
Common barn owl, T. alba
Eastern barn Owl, T. (alba) delicatula
Ashy-faced owl, T. glaucops
Red owl T. soumagnei
African grass owl T. capensis
Australasian grass owl T. longimembris
Genus Phodilus
Oriental bay owl P. badius
Samar bay owl P. (badius) riverae
Congo bay owl, P. prigoginei - sometimes placed in Tyto
Fossil genera. The fossil record of the barn-owls goes back to the Eocene.
Nocturnavis (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene) - includes "Bubo" incertus
Necrobyas (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene - Late Miocene) - includes "Bubo" arvernensis and Paratyto
Selenornis (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Quercy, France) - includes "Asio" henrici
Prosybris (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Quercy? Early Miocene of France)
References
Bruce M.D. 1999. Family Tytonidae (Barn-owls). In: del Hoyo J.; Elliott A. & Sargatal J. (eds): Handbook of birds of the world, Volume 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds: 34-75, plates 1-3. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Steadman, David William 2006. Extinction and biogeography of tropical Pacific island birds. University of Chicago Press. .
Strigiformes
No Aphrodisiac

"No Aphrodisiac" is a 1997 song by Australian band The Whitlams and is the second single from their third studio album Eternal Nightcap. It went to number 59 in Australia and number 47 in New Zealand. It won an APRA Music Award in 1998 for best song. It was covered by John Farnham in 2005 for his album I Remember When I Was Young.
Track listings
There are four releases of the "No Aphrodisiac" single, one that consists of different mixes of the lead track and three versions which have different bonus tracks as detailed below:
CD-Maxi: BYO-E8 (C) / EAN 9398603201025 (14 December 1997)
No Aphrodisiac (single mix) - 3:32
Winter Lovin' - 3:22
1995 - 4:44
Charlie No.3 - 4:24
No Aphrodisiac (edit#1 mix) - 3:28
BYO-E8 "No Aphrodisiac - The Remixes" (1998)
No Aphrodisiac (Single mix) - 3:29
No Aphrodisiac (Room for your Dog mix) - 5:54
No Aphrodisiac (Machine Gun Fellatio mix) - 4:23
No Aphrodisiac (Headspace Caisidorpha mix) - 5:25
No Aphrodisiac (Album mix) - 4:20
BYO-E8 (A) "No Aphrodisiac" (1998)
No Aphrodisiac (single mix) - 3:29
Gough - 3:16
Met My Match - 3:36
Up Against the Wall - 5:28
No Aphrodisiac (edit#1 mix) - 3:28
BYO-E8 (B)
No Aphrodisiac (single mix) - 3:29
Where is She - 4:17
I Make Hamburgers - 3:36
You Sound Like Louis Burdett - 4:01
No Aphrodisiac (edit#1 mix) - 3:28
References
1997 songs
The Whitlams songs
John Farnham songs
Progressive rock songs
Scottish Canals

Scottish Canals is the Scottish Government organisation which manages canals in Scotland. Before 2012 it was part of British Waterways.
Its office is in Glasgow. It cares for 137 miles (220 km) of waterway network in total, including 17 reservoirs and the navigation rights to four lochs, including Loch Ness. It is responsible for five canals.
Caledonian - 60 miles (97 km)
Crinan - 9 miles (14 km)
Forth and Clyde - 35 miles (56 km)
Monkland (no longer working, although two watered sections remain) - 2 miles (3.2 km)
Union Canal - 31 miles (50 km)
Canals in Scotland
Scottish Government
D'oh!

D'oh! (also spelled out as annoyed grunt), is a famous catchphrase created by the fictional character Homer Simpson, from the popular animated television series, The Simpsons. It was also famously accepted into the Oxford English Dictionary in 2002. The quote is normally used when Homer hurts himself, finds out that he has done something stupid, or when something bad has happened or is about to happen to him. He often gives himself a facepalm at the same time. Other characters from the Simpsons have also been heard using the chatchprase too, the most common being his son Bart. Homer has also been known to change this phrase slightly. For example, in The Simpsons Movie he shouts "D'oooooome!" when the town is sealed in the glass dome.
Other websites
The definitive "D'oh" list
Homer Simpson says "D'oh!" 32 times (WAV sound file)
D'oh! joins the Oxford English Dictionary - BBC News
The Simpsons
de:Die Simpsons#"Neinn!"
sv:Homer Simpson#Kanda citat
Tom Acker

Thomas James Acker (March 7, 1930 - January 4, 2021) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He was born in Paterson, New Jersey. From 1956 to 1959, he played for the Cincinnati Reds.
Acker died on January 4, 2021 in Caernarvon Township, Pennsylvania at the age of 90.
References
Other websites
1930 births
Cincinnati Reds players
Sportspeople from New Jersey
People from Paterson, New Jersey
2021 deaths
Frogger

Frogger is an arcade video game made in 1981 by Konami. The player must play as Frogger to get to home. The player must cross a road and a river. If the player is hit by a car or falls into the water, the player must start over. Frogger is very popular and there are many newer Frogger games.
Gameplay
The player guides a frog using a joystick (a game controller). The frog starts at the bottom of the screen. The frog must first cross a busy road. There are cars that go left and right on the road. If a car hits the frog, it dies and the player must start again. Once the frog crosses the road, the frog must cross a river. There are logs and turtles that move left and right in the river. The player must jump on top of the logs and turtles to reach the other side. If the player reaches the other side, he gets extra points and can try again.
There are many ways that the frog can die:
If a car hits the frog, the frog dies.
If the frog falls in the water, the frog dies.
Sometimes, there are snakes, otters, and alligators in the water. If an animal hits the frog, the frog dies.
Sometimes, the turtles go under the water. If the frog is riding on a turtle when it goes under the water, the frog dies.
If the frog goes off the edge of the screen, the frog dies.
The frog can not land in the same spot twice at the top of the screen. If it does, the frog dies.
There is a timer. If the time runs out, the frog dies.
If the frog dies, the player can try again. Once the frog dies too many times, the game is over.
1981 video games
Sega arcade games
Pithos

A pithos (several pithoi) is a large jar used for storage. It was common in the whole Mediterranean. It was used for storing things like wine, vegetable oil or grain. Pithoi were common in the Aegean and on Crete. These jars were very big, they could reach the height of a man. As a consequence, creating them required special skill. Pithoi were similar to amphoras, but they were usually bigger, and had a flat bottom.
Pithoi were sometimes used for burials, examples of these are the Argaric culture, or the child-skeleton of Kritsa.
Related pages
Pandora's box
Ancient Greek pottery
Persian couriers

Persian couriers were ancient mounted messengers (despatch riders) kept ready at regular stages throughout old Persia for carrying the royal despatches at the time of the Achaemenid Empire.
Terminology
In Ancient Greek, Persian courier was called aggaros (angaros, "Persian mounted courier"), whence Latin angarius, which is probably from an East Asian language (e.g., Sanskrit ajiraa (ajira, "agile, swift")). The word "angel" (aggelos) is probably loaned from and related to Greek aggaros.
History
In about 440 BC, Herodotus wrote in The Histories (book 8.98) about the Persian couriers:
Paraphrase of the Herodotus description was used by the United States Postal Service as a motto on the entrance to the Central Post Office building in New York City: "Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds."
Related pages
Achaemenid Empire
Despatch rider
Mailman
Notes
References
Other websites
Postal history
History of Persia
Harrow, London

Harrow is a borough in the northwestern suburbs of London. It is 12 miles (16 km) from the center of the British capital. Before that, it was a town in Middlesex.
London Borough of Harrow
Trégarvan

Tregarvan () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Finistere
Hypovolemic shock

Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency and an advanced form of hypovolemia. It is caused by low amounts of blood and/or fluid inside the human body to let the heart pump enough blood to the body.
Hypovolemic shock happens when there is a low amount of intravascular volume to the point of heart failure. The hypovolemic shock could be due to severe dehydration or from blood loss.
References
Medical emergencies
Emin Ahmadov

Emin Ahmadov (born 6 October 1986) is an Azerbaijani wrestler. He won the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Greco-Roman men's 74 kg event.
References
1986 births
Living people
Azerbaijani wrestlers
Olympic bronze medalists
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Azerbaijani Olympians
Halland

Halland is a historical province in southern Sweden. Once part of Denmark, it became a part of Sweden in the 17th century.
References
Other websites
Provinces of Sweden
Halland County
Tahir Dar

Mohammad Tahir Dar was born 17 March, 1975. He is a Bahraini cricketer who played four Twenty20 Internationals in January 2019.
Other websites
1975 births
Living people
Bahraini cricketers
Abe Segal

Abe Segal (23 October 1930 - 4 April 2016) was a South African tennis player. He was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. During the 1950s and 1960s, he was the doubles partner of Gordon Forbes. Together, they were thought of as one of the best doubles teams in the world.
Career
Due to South Africa's policy of Apartheid, Alex Metreveli and Istvan Gulyas both refused to compete in the 1964 Wimbledon against Segal, a white South African. This created the International Lawn Tennis Federation to pass a resolution prohibiting racial discrimination and dropping out of the tournament except due to "health or bereavement"
In 1951 he won the singles title at the Irish Open defeating Guy Jackson in the final in straight sets. He played for the South African Davis Cup team in 19 ties in the years 1955, 57, 59, 61-65 and compiled a record of 24 wins and 14 losses.
After retiring from tennis, Segal worked on painting. In 2008 he published a memoir titled Hey Big Boy!.
Death
Segal died of cancer on 4 April 2016 in Cape Town, South Africa at the age of 85.
References
1930 births
2016 deaths
South African tennis players
Baidi (god)

Baidi (White Emperor) is one of the five manifestations of Shangdi.
He is associated with metal, west, and Autumn
Uprising of the White Serpent
The Uprising of the White Serpent (Chinese: Zhan Bai She Qi Yi ) is a famous story from China. It is said that a man named Liu became a leader after he killed a giant white serpent that was harming people. Liu was an outlaw at the time, but he had a special destiny. Later, when some of his followers saw an old woman crying, she told them that Liu was destined to be a great ruler. This made his followers believe even more in his leadership.
After Liu became a successful leader, he was declared Emperor Gaozu, first Emperor of the Han dynasty.
Great Deity of the Western Peak
Baidi is also known as the Great Deity of the Western Peak and is associated with Mount Hua, one of the five great mountains. Long ago, people in China believed in worshipping mountains and rivers. Mount Hua was important because it was close to the capital city during the Han and Tang Dynasties. Emperor Wudi built a temple for Baidi at the bottom of Mount Hua. It was originally called Jilinggong Palace but later changed to Xiyue Temple. Baidi is also the father of two other gods named Huayue Sanniang and Huashan Sanlang. According to a book called Li Shi, Baidi is believed to be able to control the clouds and rain, create everything in the world, and help people.
Sources
Chinese gods and goddesses
Religious Confucianism
Eupen

Eupen is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liege. The old French name of the town was Neau.
In 2007, 18,313 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 37 North, 06deg 02 East.
Eupen is a strange place in Belgium as most people do not speak either French or Dutch - they speak German instead.
References
Municipalities of Liege
Hermann Weingärtner

Hermann Otto Ludwig Weingartner was a gymnast from Germany. Hermann competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics. He was born on August 27, 1864 and died on December 22, 1919.
References
Other websites
1864 births
1919 deaths
German gymnasts
German Olympic gold medalists
German Olympic silver medalists
German Olympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from Brandenburg
People from Frankfurt (Oder)
Elena Cotta

Elena Cotta Ramusino (born 19 August 1931) is an Italian actress. She has appeared on stage and in movies and television since the 1950s. In 2013, at 82 years old, she won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress for her role in A Street in Palermo. She appeared in the Australian movie Looking for Alibrandi (2000). Cotta has also appeared in Your Hands on My Body (1970), Loro (2018) and The Man Without Gravity (2019).
Cotta was born in Milan.
References
Other websites
1931 births
Living people
Actors from Milan
Italian movie actors
Italian stage actors
Italian television actors
FK Partizan

F.K. Partizan is a football club which plays in Serbia.
Serbian football clubs
1945 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Serbia
Heart Evangelista

Love Marie Payawal Ongpauco-Escudero (born February 14, 1985) known as Heart Evangelista is a Filipina actress and TV host. She is married to Chiz Escudero and also referred to as the first lady of Sorsogon.
References
Filipino actors
Gauss's law for magnetism

In physics, Gauss's law for magnetism is one of the four Maxwell's equations that underlie classical electrodynamics. It was named after Gauss.
Electromagnetism
Laws of physics
Rudolf Seiters

Rudolf Seiters (born 13 October 1937) is a German politician. He is a member of the CDU (Christian Democratic Union) party. Seiters was born in Osnabruck, Germany.
From 1989 to 1991, he was Federal Minister for Special Affairs and the Head of the Office of the German Chancellery. From 1991 to 1993, he was the Minister of the Interior. From 1998 to 2002, he was the Vice President of the German Bundestag. In 2003, he was elected President of the German Red Cross.
References
1937 births
Living people
German politicians
Middle White

The Middle White is a British pig breed. It comes from Yorkshire and from the Large White and the extinct Small White. It's raised for fresh pork, not for bacon or lard.
Pigs
Pendleton County, West Virginia

Pendleton County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2020 census, 6,143 people lived there. Its county seat is Franklin.
References
West Virginia counties
Aled Jones

Aled Jones, (born 29 December 1970) is a Welsh singer and radio and television presenter. He is known for working with BBC and ITV, and radio (for BBC Radio Wales and Classic FM). He presented Daybreak (2012-2014).
For the BBC, he has presented Cash in the Attic (2010-2012), Escape to the Country (2010-2013) and Going Back Giving Back (2016-present).
References
1970 births
Living people
Welsh singers
Welsh musicians
BBC people
British television presenters
British radio personalities
British drummers
Rakhine State

Arakan is a Burmese state on the western coast of Myanmar. It is next to Bangladesh.
Etymology
The term Rakhine may have come from the Pali word "Rakkhapura" from "Rakkhita" meaning the land of the people of Rakhasa (Rakhasa > Rakkha > Rakkhaing > Rakhaing) who were given this name in honor of their preservation of their national heritage and ethics or morality. The word Rakhine means, "one who maintains his own race." In the Rakhine language, the land is called Rakhinepray, the ethnic Rakhine are called Rakhinetha.
Arakan, used in British colonial times, is believed to be a Portuguese corruption of the word Rakhine that is still popularly used in English. Many English language users no not use the name changes made by the military government.
Notes
References
States of Myanmar
Lunar calendar

A lunar calendar is a calendar that is based on the phases of the Moon. Because there are slightly more than twelve lunar months (29.53 days each) in a solar year, the period of 12 lunar months (354.37 days) is sometimes referred to as a lunar year.
A common purely lunar calendar is the Islamic calendar. It is calculated from one crescent moon to the next crescent moon. A feature of the Islamic calendar is that a year is always 12 months. So the months are not linked with the seasons. They drift each solar year by 11 to 12 days. It comes back to the position it had in relation to the solar year approximately every 33 Islamic years. It is used mainly for religious purposes, but in Saudi Arabia it is the official calendar. Other lunar calendars often include extra months added occasionally to synchronize it with the solar calendar.
The oldest known lunar calendar was found in Scotland. It dates back to around 8,000 BC.
References
Moon
Calendars
Julia Ormond

Julia Karin Ormond (born 4 January 1965 in Surrey, England) is an English actress. She starred in many movies, including Nostradamus, First Knight, Legends of the Fall and Sabrina. She also starred on television shows, including Nurse Jackie and Temple Grandin.
English movie actors
1965 births
Living people
Actors from Surrey
William Clark Falkner

William Clark Falkner (July 6, 1825 or 1826 - November 6, 1889) was a soldier, lawyer, politician, businessman, and author in northern Mississippi. He is most notable for the influence he had on the work of his great-grandson, author William Faulkner.
Although born in Knox County, Tennessee, Falkner lived with his family in Missouri and Pontotoc, Mississippi before settling at the age of 17 in Ripley, Tippah County, Mississippi. He served in the Mexican-American War and, when the American Civil War broke out, he raised a company of men and was made colonel in the Second Mississippi Infantry of the Confederate Army.
Other websites
Biography at Mississippi Writers Project, source of most of this article
Information from University of Michigan
1825 births
1889 deaths
American poets
Military people from Mississippi
Writers from Tennessee
Writers from Mississippi
Businesspeople from Tennessee
Businesspeople from Mississippi
People from Pontotoc, Mississippi
The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)

"The Charge of the Light Brigade" is a poem written in 1854 by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. It is about a British brigade in the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War.
Other websites
Manuscript in Tennyson's handwriting at Archive.org
British poems
Addrup

Addrup is a village in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
Geography
Addrup borders the villages of Gut Lage, Uptloh, Bevern, Calhorn and Stadtsholte within the Essen (Oldenburg) municipality. To the east, Addrup borders Lusche in Bakum in Vechta. Being on the border of the districts of Cloppenburg and Vechta, Addrup is in the center of the Oldenburg Munsterland.
References
Other websites
Website of Addrup
Villages in Lower Saxony
Cloppenburg (district)
Administrative divisions of Germany

This is a list of the administrative divisions of Germany. It includes the Kreise/Landkreise as well as the kreisfreie Stadte. The list is sorted alphabetically, by state.
Germany-related lists
United Kingdom Climate Change Programme

The United Kingdom Climate Change Programme (UKCCP) is an organisation made in 2000. It changes the way Britain looks at global warming and climate change. It encourages the use of wind and solar power.
Environmental organisations based in the United Kingdom
Climate change
2000 establishments in the United Kingdom
Paul Hornung

Paul Vernon Hornung (December 23, 1935 - November 13, 2020), nicknamed The Golden Boy, was a professional American football player and a Hall of Fame running back for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1957 to 1966. He was an offseason player with the New Orleans Saints in 1967.
He won the Heisman Trophy in 1956 and the Super Bowl in 1966. In 1986, he was honored in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky.
Hornung died on November 13, 2020 in Louisville from dementia-related problems, aged 84.
References
1935 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Green Bay Packers players
Sportspeople from Louisville, Kentucky
American football quarterbacks
American football placekickers
Heisman Trophy winners
Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959 movie)

Journey to the Center of the Earth is a 1959 American science fiction family adventure movie directed by Henry Levin and is based on the 1864 novel of the same name by Jules Verne. It stars James Mason, Pat Boone, Arlene Dahl, Thayer David and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 1960.
Other websites
1950s family movies
1959 science fiction movies
1950s American adventure movies
American science fiction movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Henry Levin
20th Century Fox movies
Movies set in Iceland
Movies set in Scotland
1959 adventure movies
Promotion

Promotion means spreading information about an product, service or issue.
Promotional activity generally involves a company spreading knowledge about it's brand, products, or service to generate demand, build a following, raise awareness, or build loyalty. Many of these activities taking place simultaneously, and including channels such as: Social Media, Direct Mail, Print, and Television.
Promotion as part of marketing means spreading information about a product, product line, brand, or company.
Promotion includes:
Publicity and public relations
Advertising
Promotion for marketing includes additionally:
Personal selling
Non-personal selling
Sales promotion
Tradeshows
Direct selling
Refer a friend
Loyalty bonus
Product placement
For example, arranging that a product is used on a television programme or in a movie so that the viewer can see the brand name or symbol or logo.
Promotion can also happen when a marketing company is providing discounts and coupons to customers to create brand awareness.
Promotion is different from advertising in that
References
Communication
Marketing
Gemma Collins

Gemma Clare Collins (born 31 January 1981) is an English reality television celebrity, media personality and businesswoman. She is known for her dramatic personality and is often referred to as "the GC".
Gemma Collins was born in Romford. She was bullied in school. Collins left school at 16 because she believed she would become famous. In 2011, she began appearing on the ITVBe reality series The Only Way Is Essex, appearing until 2019.
After becoming famous from appearing on The Only Way Is Essex, Collins appeared as a contestant on several reality shows including I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here, Celebrity Big Brother, Celebs Go Dating, MasterChef, Dancing on Ice and The Great British Bake-Off.
Collins had her own reality show titled Gemma Collins: Diva. She also had a show named Self-Harm and Me, where she talked about her mental health. She has also published a book titled The GC: How to be a Diva. Collins admitted to using a ghostwriter to write the book.
Collins has also released a clothing line, a perfume, hand sanitizers and face masks. She has also had clothing deals with Boohoo.com and InTheStyle.
References
1981 births
English businesspeople
English television personalities
Living people
Reality television participants
Television personalities from Essex
Grant County, Arkansas

Grant County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. 17,958 people lived there at the 2020 census. The county seat is Sheridan. It was founded on February 4, 1869.
References
1860s establishments in Arkansas
1869 establishments in the United States
Arkansas counties
Abdul Aziz al-Hakim

Sayyed Abdul Aziz al-Hakim (Arabic: `bd l`zyz lHkym ) ( 2009-1953) was an Iraqi theologian and politician and the leader of SCIRI, the largest political party in the Iraqi National Assembly.
He was a member of the U.S.-appointed Iraqi Governing Council and served as its president in December 2003. Brother of the Shia leader Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, he replaced him as leader of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq when Mohammed Baqir was assassinated in August 2003 in Najaf.
He was born in 1953, the son of Grand Ayatollah Muhsin Al-Hakim, the spiritual leader of the world's Shi'a from 1955-1970. He played a leading role in the Safar Intifada in 1977 and was imprisoned in 1972, 1977 and 1979. He went into exile in Iran in 1980, where he was a founder member in 1982 of SCIRI and headed their military wing, the Badr Brigade. He the top candidate listed for the United Iraqi Coalition during the first Iraqi legislative election of January 2005 but has not sought a government post because the Alliance had decided not to include theologians in the government.
Sources
Background
1953 births
2009 deaths
Iraqi politicians
Sarah Van Dam

Sarah Van Dam (born 4 December 2001) is a Canadian track cyclist.
She competed at the 2021 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
She is a member of Red Truck Racing.
References
2001 births
Canadian cyclists
Living people
Farid Yadullaev

Farid Afganovich Yadullaev (russian: Farid Afganovich Iadullaev; born 15 November 1997; Russia, Saratov) is a Russian professional MMA fighter, Master of Sports of Russia, champion of Russia in kickboxing, 3-time winner of the championship, karateka (black belt), boxer with the CCM category and participant in various international tournaments. We recognize in POP-MMA under the pseudonym "FARA" (Russian FARA).
Biography
Farid was born on November 15, 1997 in the Russian city of Saratov.
References
Living people
Freaky Friday (2003 movie)

Freaky Friday is a 2003 American fantasy comedy movie directed by Mark Waters and written by Heather Hach and Leslie Dixon.
It is based on Mary Rodgers' 1972 novel of the same name. It stars Jamie Lee Curtis and Lindsay Lohan.
The movie was released in theaters on August 6, 2003, by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Pictures.
The movie also earned Curtis a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy .
References
2003 fantasy movies
2003 comedy movies
Disney movies
2000s American fantasy movies
American comedy movies
Movies based on books
Fougerolles-du-Plessis

Fougerolles-du-Plessis is a commune of 1566 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
Värmland County

Varmland County () is a county in central Sweden, with the seat in Karlstad. It was established in 1779.
Municipalities
Arvika
Eda
Filipstad
Forshaga
Grums
Hagfors
Hammaro
Karlstad
Kil
Kristinehamn
Munkfors
Storfors
Sunne
Saffle
Torsby
Arjang
Sources
Other websites
1779 establishments in Europe
Varmland County
18th-century establishments in Sweden
McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet

The F/A-18 Hornet (CF-18, F-18) is a fighter jet that is made by Boeing, and was originally manufactured by the McDonnell-Douglas Company. It first flew in 1978 and was introduced in 1983. Its main user is the United States Navy. It can take off from aircraft carriers because of its special design. The F/A-18 can attack land and air targets. Any aircraft which can do this is called "multi-role". The Hornet is also flown by the Blue Angels.
Users
The F/A-18 is used by many countries, including the United States Navy
United States
The United States navy is the biggest user of the hornet. The hornet is currently only used by the United States Marine Corps, but until 2019 the U.S. Navy also had them.
The USMC currently has 143 F/A-18 hornets.
Blue Angels
The Blue Angels are the aerobatic team of the USMC. They use the F/A-18. Before the F/A-18 existed, they used the A-4 Skyhawk.
Australia
The Royal Australian Air force (RAAF) bought 57 F/A-18A and 18 F/A-18B (the b was used for training) in 1981 to replace the old Mirage III. The difference between the RAAF hornet and the US hornet is that the RAAF removed the carrier Capabilities, because Australia doesn't have any aircraft carriers big enough to fit the plane.
Armament
The hornet can carry a lot of bombs, missiles, rockets and guns. It can also carry pods, pods give the aircraft more options, the Litening targeting pod,for example, lets the pilot see the ground and guide bombs to the target.
Bombs
B81 and B83 nuclear bombs
Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)
Paveway laser guided bombs (the bombs are guided by the targeting pod)
Mk80 bombs general purpose
CBU100 cluster bomb
Rockets
2.75 in (70 mm) Hydra 70 rockets
5 in (127.0 mm) Zuni rockets
Missiles
Air to Air
Aim-120 AMRAAM
Aim-9 Sidewinder
Aim-132 ASRAAM
Iris-T
Aim-7 Sparrow
Air to Ground
AGM-65 Maverick
AGM-88 HARM
AGM-164 Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW)
Taurus Cruise Missile
Anti Ship
AGM-84 Harpoon
Related pages
F-14 Tomcat
F-16 Fighting Falcon
Simulacrum of Multirole fighter
MiG-35 - Simulacrum of the F/A-18 Hornet
- on TASS Official Infographic
United States Navy aircraft
United States Marine Corps aircraft
Australian military aircraft
Spain
Marc Wilmots

Marc Wilmots (born 22 February 1969) is a Belgian football manager and former football player. He played for the Belgian national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1987/88||Sint-Truidense||First Division||30||9
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|Mechelen||rowspan="3"|First Division||29||4
|-
|1989/90||26||10
|-
|1990/91||32||8
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="5"|Standard Liege||rowspan="5"|First Division||33||10
|-
|1992/93||25||22
|-
|1993/94||28||11
|-
|1994/95||24||10
|-
|1995/96||26||14
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Schalke||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||29||6
|-
|1997/98||31||7
|-
|1998/99||12||1
|-
|1999/00||32||7
|-
|2000/01||Girondins Bordeaux||Division 1||30||8
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Schalke||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||24||6
|-
|2002/03||10||0
253||98
138||27
30||8
421||133
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1990||4||0
|-
|1991||6||0
|-
|1992||7||4
|-
|1993||3||4
|-
|1994||4||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||3||1
|-
|1998||9||4
|-
|1999||6||3
|-
|2000||9||2
|-
|2001||9||6
|-
|2002||9||4
|-
!Total||70||28
|}
References
1969 births
Living people
Belgian footballers
Belgian football managers
People from Walloon Brabant
FC Schalke 04 managers
Belgium at UEFA Euro 2000
Belgium at UEFA Euro 2016
VIC-20

Commodore VIC-20 was a home computer released in 1980. It was made by Commodore Business Machines. It was the first computer that sold over one million units.
The Commodore VIC-20 was powered by a 6502 CPU, running at 1 MHz. Though the system had 5KB of RAM, users only had access to about 3.5KB for BASIC programs. It had no internal data storage, but could store programs on standard audio tapes. Later, it could use 5.25 inch floppy disks as well. In early 1985 this computer was discontinued.
References
Commodore computers
Folklore (Taylor Swift album)

Folklore (styled in lowercase) is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Taylor Swift. It was released on July 24, 2020. Swift released the album as a surprise when her Loverfest stadium tour was canceled due to the 2019-20 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. She produced the album with her longtime collaborator Jack Antonoff, along with Aaron Dessner. It is Swift's first album with a Parental Advisory logo. It was released to all music streaming platforms.
Swift announced the album the day before its release.
On August 3, 2020, Billboard revealed that both folklore and its lead single, "cardigan", entered at the top of both the Billboard 200 album chart and Hot 100 singles chart. This marked Swift's sixth US number-one song and her seventh US number-one album. She became the first artist to have a song and album both debut at number one in the same week and is the only artist to have seven of her albums enter at number one. The songs "the 1" and "exile" featuring Bon Iver entered at numbers four and six of the Hot 100.
References
Taylor Swift
2020 albums
Grammy Award-winning albums
João Carlos (footballer, born 1972)

Joao Carlos dos Santos (born 10 September 1972) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="3"|Serie A||1||0||||||||||1||0
|-
|1997||7||1||||||||||7||1
|-
|1998||5||0||||||||||5||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Corinthians Paulista||rowspan="2"|Serie A||11||1||||||||||11||1
|-
|2000||15||2||||||||||15||2
|-
|2001||Cruzeiro||Serie A||17||3||||||||||17||3
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Cerezo Osaka||J. League 2||38||5||4||0||colspan="2"|-||42||5
|-
|2003||J. League 1||15||0||0||0||1||0||16||0
|-
|2004||Botafogo||Serie A||18||1||||||||||18||1
|-
|2005||Paysandu||Serie A||11||2||||||||||11||2
85||10||||||||||85||10
53||5||4||0||1||0||58||5
138||15||4||0||1||0||143||15
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1999||10||1
|-
!Total||10||1
|}
References
1972 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Fernando Pisani

Fernando Antonio Pisani (born December 27, 1976) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He was picked by the Edmonton Oilers with the 195th overall pick in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. He formerly played for the Edmonton Oilers from 2002 to 2010, the Chicago Blackhawks in 2011 and also played for the SCL Tigers of the National League A and the Asiago Hockey A.S. of the Serie A during the 2004-05 NHL lockout.
Other websites
Fernando Pisani's NHL Player Page
1976 births
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Chicago Blackhawks players
Edmonton Oilers players
Living people
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Sportspeople from Edmonton
American Hockey League players
Cabinet of the United States

The Cabinet of the United States (usually simplified as "the Cabinet") is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States, and its existence dates back to the first American President (George Washington), who appointed a Cabinet of four people (Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson; Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton; Secretary of War, Henry Knox; and Attorney General, Edmund Randolph) to advise and assist him in his duties.
Cabinet officers are nominated by the President and then presented to the United States Senate for confirmation or rejection by a simple majority. If approved, they are sworn in and begin their duties. Aside from Attorney General, and previously, the Postmaster General, they all receive the title Secretary.
Current cabinet members
Cabinet
The Cabinet officers are listed in rank order according to the United States presidential line of succession:
Cabinet-level officials
The following officials hold positions that are considered to be Cabinet-level positions. Cabinet-level officials attend Cabinet meetings, but are not official Cabinet Members:
Related pages
List of United States Cabinets
References
Empire

An empire is a set of lands, regions or countries that are ruled by an Emperor. An empire usually also has many different cultures. In history, many empires were usually formed when a country began to invade or colonise nearby countries.
Most of the time, an empire is ruled by one dominant country. For example, the British Empire was largely controlled by the United Kingdom's government.
Well-known empires include the Persian Empire, Roman Empire, Russian Empire, Greek Macedonian Empire, Holy Roman Empire and British Empire.
Sea empires grew mostly by sailing to distant places and conquering them. The Aztec Empire and the Mongol Empire were land empires. The Venetian Empire and the British Empire were sea empires. The largest empire was The British Empire.
Before Christopher Columbus, there were several American empires including Vikings (owned Greenland), the Aztec Empire, and the Inca Empire. The Spanish and the Portuguese were the first Europeans to discover America. Later came the English, later to be called the British Empire controlled most of North America, and the Spanish Empire controlled most of South America and Latin America.
The oldest empire was the Akkadian Empire, whose founder was Sargon of Akkad.
Modern empires
The newest created empire was The Soviet Union created in 1922, which included Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia.
Today, the only monarch to use the title "emperor" is the Emperor of Japan although his power is mostly ceremonial and the de facto head of government is the Prime Minister of Japan.
References
Empires
Alpin II of Dalriada

Alpin II was a king of Dalriada and the father of Kenneth & Donald MacAlpin, his name was Ailpin mac Echdach in Gaelic, he ruled as king of Dalriada in 834 and some even say he was king of Scots although his son was the first to be king of Scots in 843/848. He was born in 778 and died July 20th 834 fighting the Picts in Galloway, after his death Kenneth MacAlpin became king of Dalriada but many others claimed the throne and he also become king of Pictland with the same happening there. He was buried later in July 834 in Galloway.
References
778 births
834 deaths
Dalriadan kings
Mendut

Mendut () is a Buddhist temple built in the 9th century during Sailendra dynasty. It is 2.9 km east of Borobudur temple in Magelang, Central Java. Based on Karangtengah inscription (dated 824 AD), Mendut temple was created and finished during King Indra's reign. Candi Mendut, Candi Pawon and Candi Borobudur form a straight line geographically, which symbolizes the binding unity of Buddhist temples during its ritual ceremonies.
Gallery
Related pages
Borobudur
Pawon
Sewu
Prambanan
References
Central Java
World Heritage Sites in Asia
Buddhist temples
Buildings and structures in Indonesia
9th-century buildings and structures
Valeri Kubasov

Valeri Nikolayevich Kubasov (; 7 January 1935 - 19 February 2014) was a Soviet cosmonaut. He flew on two missions in the Soyuz programme. Firstly, as a flight engineer: Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 19 (the Apollo-Soyuz mission). Secondly, commanding Soyuz 36 in the Intercosmos programme.
He was born in Vyazniki, Vladimir Oblast, Russia SFSR, Soviet Union.
Kubasov died on 19 February 2014 in Moscow, Russia. He was aged 79. He was outlived by his wife Lyudmila Kurovskaya, daughter Ekaterina and son Dmitry.
References
Other websites
1935 births
2014 deaths
Cosmonauts
Soviet engineers
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Acerra

Acerra is an Italian city in Campania. In 2019, 58,410 people lived there.
Cities in Campania
Jean Bonhomme

Jean Bonhomme (8 June 1924 - 16 October 2020) was a French politician. He was Mayor of Caussade from 1959 to 1989. He was a member of the French National Assembly from 1968 to 1981 and again from 1986 to 1988. He was born in Puylaroque, France.
Bonhomme died on 16 October 2020 in Caussade at the age of 96.
References
1924 births
2020 deaths
French mayors
School uniform

A school uniform is a standard set of clothes that students wear when they go to some schools. It might have a particular color of trousers or skirt, a matching shirt and sometimes a jacket or necktie, with matching shoes.
In some countries, like Germany, students can wear whatever they want whenever they want. It's common for many students to be naked around each other causing major erections in older classes. In other countries, like England and India there is usually a standard dress code in school, usually a set of dressing for girls and one for boys. Boys and girls need to wear school uniforms when they go to school. In many countries, such as the United States, some schools require wearing a uniform, and some do not.
Originally, school uniforms were introduced to hide the social differences between students, but uniforms can also help with safety. Using standard uniforms can also save the money needed to buy extra clothes as fashion to impress other people at school. Uniforms are also thought to improve discipline and school spirit.
However, school uniforms can also help with health and safety by having clothes which have been tested to be safer when worn. Some fabrics can cause skin rashes in some people, while a uniform can be made of comfortable fabrics. Also, loose-fitting clothes can get caught in machinery or playground equipment, which limits what activities children can do safely.
There are several types of economic bullying which can be lessened by use of school uniforms. When many students are from families with less money, sometimes students with more money have stood out because they wore newer shoes, where neither shoe was in poor shape. In schools where more students are rich, poorer students have been insulted for the old-style or tattered clothes they wore.
Other websites
Uniforms
Identity element

In mathematics, the identity element (or neutral element) of a set is a special element of that set. It is special because if it is combined with another element of that set, it does not change the other element.
With addition, the identity element is 0, because adding 0 to some number does not change the number. With multiplication, it is 1. In a group (an algebraic structure in mathematics), the identity element is sometimes denoted by the symbol .
Further Examples
Related pages
Identity (mathematics)
Null vector
One
Zero
References
Algebra
Abstract algebra
The Lords of Discipline (movie)

The Lords of Discipline is a 1983 American drama movie directed by Franc Roddam and was based on the 1980 novel of the same name by Pat Conroy. It stars David Keith, Robert Prosky, Judge Reinhold, Bill Paxton, William Hope, Michael Biehn, Ed Bishop, Jason Connery and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
1983 drama movies
1980s American drama movies
Movies based on books
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies set in South Carolina
Falkland, Fife

Falkland is a town in Fife, Scotland, UK.
Falkland Palace is in the town. James IV started building it in 1500. It is the best example of French-influenced Renaissance architecture in the United Kingdom. Mary, Queen of Scots came to visit often.
A fire happened when Oliver Cromwell's troops stayed in the palace. The fire in 1654 destroyed the East Range. The Court never came back to Falkland Palace after 1665. In the late 19th century rebuilding and restoration work began. Today the palace and gardens are open to the public through the National Trust for Scotland.
References
Towns in Fife
Stanley Anderson

Stanley Anderson (October 23, 1939 - June 24, 2018) was an American actor. He was born in Billings, Montana. He appeared in Deceived, RoboCop 3 and The Pelican Brief. He was known for starring as Drew Carey's father in The Drew Carey Show. He also starred in Seinfeld and in Spider-Man.
Anderson died on June 24, 2018 from brain cancer at the age of 78.
References
Other websites
1939 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Montana
People from Billings, Montana
Spanish treasure fleet

The Spanish treasure fleet, or West Indies Fleet from Spanish Flota de Indias, was a convoy system adopted by the Spanish Empire from 1566 to 1790. It linked Spain with its territories in America across the Atlantic. The convoys were general purpose cargo fleets used for transporting a wide variety of items. These included agricultural goods, lumber, various metal resources, luxuries, silver, gold, gems, pearls, spices, sugar, tobacco, silk, and other exotic goods from the Spanish Empire. They were sent to the Spanish mainland. Passengers and goods such as textiles, books and tools were transported in the opposite direction. The West Indies fleet was the first permanent transatlantic trade route in history. Similarly, the Manila galleons were the first permanent trade route across the Pacific.
References
16th century in Spain
17th century in Spain
18th century in Spain
Asclepias nivea

Asclepias nivea (also known as the Caribbean milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant. It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. It is native to Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.
Other websites
Asclepias nivea at USDA PLANTS Database
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