pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Stanisław Grędziński

Stanislaw Gredzinski (19 October 1945 - 19 January 2022) was a Polish sprinter. He was born in Ostrzyca, Poland. Gredzinski won two gold medals at the European Athletics Championships in 1966. He came in fourth place at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
Gredzinski died on 19 January 2022, aged 77.
References
1945 births
2022 deaths
Polish sprinters
Polish Olympians
Liana Dance

Liana Dance (born 18 April 1998) is a New Zealand water polo player. She competed for the New Zealand women's national water polo team in the 2015 World Aquatics Championships. and 2016 FINA World Women's Youth Water Polo Championships.
References
Other websites
lianadance nzwomenswaterpolo
1998 births
Living people
New Zealand water polo players
Lomana LuaLua

Lomana LuaLua (born 28 December 1980) is a Democratic Republic of the Congo football player. He plays for Olympiacos and Congo DR national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Colchester United||rowspan="3"|Second Division||13||1
|-
|1999/00||41||12
|-
|2000/01||7||2
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Newcastle United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||21||0
|-
|2001/02||20||3
|-
|2002/03||11||2
|-
|2003/04||7||0
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="4"|Portsmouth||rowspan="4"|Premier League||15||4
|-
|2004/05||25||6
|-
|2005/06||25||7
|-
|2006/07||22||2
|-
|2007/08||Olympiacos||Super League||21||5
|-
|2008/09||Al-Arabi Doha||Stars League||11||2
|-
|2009/10||Olympiacos||Super League||||
207||39
21||5
11||2
239||46
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2002||6||1
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||3||0
|-
|2005||4||1
|-
|2006||4||1
|-
|2007||3||1
|-
|2008||4||2
|-
|2009||2||0
|-
!Total||26||6
|}
References
1980 births
Living people
Democratic Republic of the Congo footballers
People from Kinshasa
Civil disobedience act

In December 1929, the Indian National Congress Party agreed to start a movement for complete independence from British rule. The Party decided to start a movement named to disobey British rule. It became the civil disobedience movement. They decided to observe 26th January 1930 as the complete Independence Day. Many other political parties and revolutionaries came together to support this movement. Gandhi started this movement. Thus the civil disobedience movement began, and it soon spread throughout India. Indians started to break unfair laws in a peaceful manner in protest against the British rule.
The abolition of salt tax by salt march was one of the acts within it.
There were various events that led to the Civil Disobedience movement in India. The events are discussed as follows:
1.
Revolutions
Civil disobedience
The list of demands was:
1. Prohibition of the use of intoxicants
2. Change of the rate of land revenue.
3. Abolition of salt tax.
4. Reduction of the rate of land revenue.
5. Reduction of military expenditure.
National Air Traffic Services

The United Kingdom's National Air Traffic Services (NATS) is a company set up in 2001 to run air traffic control services. This means that NATS makes sure aircraft can fly safely across Britain, and that aircraft can take-off and land safely at British airports.
NATS is a private company, but the government owns 49%, just under half.
Before 2001 the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) handled air traffic control.
Air traffic control
2001 establishments in the United States
British transport companies
Komi Sélom Klassou

Komi Selom Klassou (born February 10, 1960) is a Togolese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Togo from 2015 to 2020.
He was born in the commune of Notse, in Haho. He has a university degree in geography and is a doctor in hydro-climatology.
He occupied the ministries of Culture, Youth, Sport and Education and then vice-presidency of the National Assembly before being appointed Prime Minister on June 5, 2015, by President Faure Gnassingbe, following the presidential election. He formed his government of 22 members (including 4 women) after his election and made the list public on June 28, 2015.
References
1960 births
Prime Ministers of Togo
Living people
Lam Pou-chuen

Lam Po-chuen (, 10 October 1951 - 2 January 2015) was a Hong Kong voice actor. His career began in 1971. He was known for voicing Doraemon for over twenty years and dubbing many blockbuster movies into Cantonese.
Lam was born in Portuguese Macau. He was a Buddhist.
Lam died at the age of 63 from diabetes problems at his home in Hong Kong.
References
Other websites
1951 births
2015 deaths
Buddhists
Disease-related deaths in Hong Kong
Deaths from diabetes
Hong Kong actors
Movie actors
Television actors
Chinese voice actors
Royal Geographical Society

Royal Geographical Society (RGS) or the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG),<ref>RGS-IBG is an acronym. RGS stands for Royal Geographical Society and Institute of British G'eographers.</ref> is a group ("society") of educated people in the United Kingdom. This group works to increase the learning of geography. The leader is Michael Palin.
History
RGS was made in 1830. The society started as a club where men talked about geography while eating dinner.
Today the society has become a world centre for geography. RGS supports research, education, expeditions and fieldwork.
Important membersThis list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.''
David Livingstone
Henry Morton Stanley
Robert Falcon Scott
Ernest Shackleton
John Hunt, Baron Hunt
Edmund Hillary
John George Bartholomew
Related pages
List of Royal Societies
References
Other websites
Royal Geographical Society website
Geography
Geographical
1830 establishments in Europe
1830s establishments in the United Kingdom
Scientific organisations based in the United Kingdom
Eli Zelkha

Elias "Eli" Zelkha (May 4, 1950 - January 8, 2017) was an American entrepreneur, venture capitalist and professor. He was the inventor of ambient intelligence, an idea from computer science to create an environment of machines that meaningfully interact with people. He studied at Colgate University and Stanford University.
Zelkha was born in Tehran, Iran and he was of Jewish faith. He was married to Alice and had three children.
Zelkha died on January 8, 2017 in Woodside, California at the age of 66.
References
1950 births
2017 deaths
Businesspeople from California
Iranian Jews
Jewish American academics
Jewish businesspeople
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Tehran
Stanford University alumni
Division of Korea

The division of Korea between North and South Korea happened because of the Allied victory in World War II in 1945. After Japan surrendered, the Allies made Japan give up all the colonies they took through military force, even those before WWII started. Even though Korea was a colony of Japan before WWII, Japan still had to give it up because it used military force to take it over. So after 35 years, Korea no longer became a colony of the Empire of Japan. However, on the same day Japan surrendered, the Soviet Union invaded Korea, after having occupied Northeast China.
The United States and the Soviet Union occupied the country, meaning they had their military there, with the border between their zones of control along the 38th parallel, or the land on the Korean Peninsula from east to west 38 degrees North.
With the rise of the Cold War, negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union failed to create an independent, unified Korea. In 1948, the elections led by the UN were held only in the southern part of Korea, which was occupied by the United States. This led to the creation of the Republic of Korea in South Korea, which was afterwards followed by the creation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in North Korea. The United States supported the South, and the Soviet Union supported the North, and each government claimed sovereignty, or the right to rule itself, over the whole Korean Peninsula.
In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea in order to take over all of Korea, which began the Korean War. Just before North Korea took over all of Korea, the United States sent its military to take back South Korea. After it took back South Korea, the United States tried to take over North Korea until China, North Korea's communist ally, pushed back the United States. This led to a tug-of-war that lasted throughout the war. In 1953, the fighting ended in stalemate, meaning neither side won the war, and the border was once again put on the 38th parallel, but this time it became the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).
The Korean War (1950-1953) left the two Koreas separated by the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in the later part of the Cold War and even to this day.
Due to this division, North and South Korea have become two extremely different countries. Now it has major differences between cultures, economies, health, politics, and even languages.
History of Korea
Estimation

Estimation is the approximation of a result that one can use even if they are using information that is not clear or is incomplete. It is like making an educated, reasonable guess based on the information given.
If an estimate is more than the actual amount, then it is called an overestimate. If the estimate was less than the actual result, then it is called an underestimate. This is different from a prediction.
References
Other websites
Estimation chapter from "Applied Software Project Management" (PDF)
Mathematics
Tiber River

The Tiber (, ) is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing mainly through Umbria and Lazio to the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Ostia and Fiumicino.
The river is well-known because the city of Rome was founded on its eastern banks.
Geography
The Tiber river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately , almost 5% of the territory of the country.
It is the third longest river of Italy, after the Po and the Adige rivers, and the second by drainage basin after the Po.
Course
The Tiber starts near the town of Balze, Verghereto comune in the southwestern end of the Forli-Cesena province, in the southern side of Monte Fumaiolo. The source of the river is formed by two springs that are from each other in a forest on the mountain at an elevation of above sea level.
The Tiber flows through Emilia-Romagna about and then it gets into Tuscany where flows through Pieve Santo Stefano and Sansepolcro. Between these two localities there is a dam with a large reservoir that is named as Montedoglio Lake (). From here, the river flows through a wide plain (Val Tiberina) and gets in the Perugia province (Umbria) and flows through the towns of Citta di Castello and Umbertide.
To the south of Torgiano, it is joined by its left side by the Chiascio river and then, in the Marsciano dam, by the Nestore river by its right side. Soon another right tributary, the Paglia, joins the Tiber.
The river forms the border between the Umbria (province of Terni) and Lazio (province of Viterbo) regions. Near the city of Orte, it is joined by the left side by its main tributary, the Nera river.
It flows through the Lazio region (Viterbo, Rieti and Rome provinces) and is joined by the Aniene river, flows through the city of Rome and, finally, into the Tyrrhenian Sea between Ostia and Fiumicino.
Main tributaries
The main tributaries are:
Discharge
The average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) of the Tiber is at its mouth.
The mean monthly discharges (in m3) for 2011 in Rome were:
Gallery
Related pages
List of rivers of Italy
References
Other websites
Fiume Tevere - Fiumi Italiani
Rivers of Italy
Crassulaceae

The Crassulaceae, or orpine family, is a family of dicotyledons. They store water in their succulent leaves. They are found worldwide, but mostly occur in the Northern Hemisphere and southern Africa, typically in dry and/or cold areas where water may be scarce. The family includes about 1,400 species in 33 genera.
Saxifragales
Plant families
Rubella

Rubella (also known as German measles) is a disease caused by the Rubella virus.
It is often mild and an attack can pass unnoticed. However, this can make the virus very difficult to diagnose.
The disease can last 1-5 days. Children recover more quickly than adults.
The virus usually enters the body through the nose or throat. Like most viruses living along the respiratory tract, it is passed from person to person by tiny droplets in the air that are breathed out.
Rubella can also be transmitted from a mother to her developing baby (fetus) through the placenta. This can be very dangerous to the fetus, especially if the mother gets rubella early on in her pregnancy. Rubella can cause deafness, heart problems, intellectual disability, and many other problems in developing fetuses.
The virus has an incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks during which it becomes established. Common symptoms are a red/pink rash, swollen lymph nodes, and a high fever.
The disease is named German measles because it has a similar red rash to measles and was first described in detail by German doctors.
Eliminated in North and South America
On April 29, 2015, it was announced that rubella has been eliminated in North American and South America. A scientific group of experts said it took 15 years of work for this to happen. Among the groups are: Pan American Health Organization, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, UNICEF, and the United Nations Foundation.
References
Diseases caused by viruses
Oder

The Oder River (; Czech/) is a river in Central Europe. It starts in the Czech Republic and flows through Poland and Germany. It forms 187 kilometers of the border between Poland and Germany. The river is 854 kilometres long and ends in the Szczecin Lagoon in the Baltic Sea.
Some bigger towns the Oder passes are Wroclaw, Eisenhuttenstadt, Frankfurt on the Oder, Szczecin and Police. The biggest city on the Oder River is Wroclaw, in Lower Silesia, Poland.
Names
The Oder River has different names in different languages. Most of these names are very similar, or almost the same:
English and
Czech, Polish, and
These names come from the Latin language names. In Medieval Latin the river was called Od(d)era. In Renaissance Latin, which was invented in 1534, the river was called Viadrus.
In the Old Church Slavonic language, the name of the river was Vjodr.
Geography
The Oder is 854 km long. 112 km pass through the Czech Republic. 742 km pass through Poland. 187 km make up part of the border between Germany and Poland.
The Oder is the second-longest river in Poland. (The Vistula is the longest river.)
It begins in a watershed in the Oder Mountains that is 118,861 km2. This basin is mostly in Poland, but a little bit is in the Czech Republic and Germany. The river runs through five voivodeships in Poland, and two states in Germany.
The river ends in the Szczecin Lagoon near Police, Poland. Here the Oder splits into three other rivers: the Dziwna River, the Swina River, and the Peene River. These three rivers start in Szczecin Lagoon and end Bay of Pomerania in the Baltic Sea.
The biggest city on the Oder River is Wroclaw in Lower Silesia, Poland.
Cities
The Oder passes through 28 major cities and towns. These are:
Ostrava - Bohumin - Raciborz - Kedzierzyn-Kozle - Krapkowice - Opole - Brzeg - Olawa - Jelcz-Laskowice - Wroclaw - Brzeg Dolny - Scinawa - Szlichtyngowa - Glogow - Bytom Odrzanski - Nowa Sol - Krosno Odrzanskie - Eisenhuttenstadt - Frankfurt (Oder) - Slubice - Kostrzyn - Cedynia - Schwedt - Vierraden - Gartz - Gryfino - Szczecin - Police
After the river splits, the Dziwna River branch passes through 3 towns:
Wolin - Kamien Pomorski - Dziwnow
The Swina River branch passes through:
Swinoujscie
The Peene River branch passes through:
Usedom - Lassan - Wolgast
These towns sit on the Szczecin Lagoon:
Nowe Warpno - Ueckermunde
Related pages
2022 Oder environmental disaster
Oder-Neisse line
References
Geography of Brandenburg
Geography of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Rivers of the Czech Republic
Rivers of Germany
Rivers of Poland
Yarmouth, Maine

Yarmouth is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Bianca's Kids

Bianca's Kids is a non-profit organization which was founded by Deborah Anne Savigliano in 2010. Its headquarters are in Williamstown, New Jersey. Its mission is to grant wishes to foster children and other children with special needs. Bianca's Kids was started by Savigliano to honor the memory of her 21 year old niece Bianca Yodice. She was studying to be a Social worker when she died in a car accident in 2010. Yodice loved kids and her aunt wanted to make sure she was remembered.
Organization
The 501(c) organization grants wishes to children who suffer from physical, emotional or financial issues. The group sees every child in need as deserving their attention. They obtain donations in order to help buy what the kids they help need. This includes medical devices such as braces and wheelchairs.
Since the organization started, Bianca's Kids has granted over 13,000 wishes to children in New Jersey as well as other parts of the world. Some of these wishes have included school backpacks, sports equipment and memorabilia. The charity has also provided things such as prom dresses and even diapers. In 2015, the organization granted a wish to a disabled student to travel to Disney World with his classmates. According to GreatNonprofits, $.95 of every dollar donated to Bianca's Kids goes to the children it helps. In 2014, Bianca's Kids was named a "Top-Rated 2014 Nonprofit" by GreatNonprofits, the leading reviewer of nonprofit organizations.
Savigliano wrote a book about Bianca's Kids in February 2015. The book was made into a documentary film, "From Grief to Gratitude." The movie premiered on June 4, 2016 in Williamstown, New Jersey.
References
Other websites
Bianca's Kids Homepage
From Grief to Gratitude (2016), 31 minute documentary short film
Non-profit organizations of the United States
2010 establishments in New Jersey
Great Turkish War

The Great Turkish War was fought between 1683 and 1699 by Ottoman Empire and the winning Holy League (the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia). Intensive fighting began in 1683 after the Ottomans failed to take the city of Vienna during the siege and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The defeated Ottoman Empire lost for the first time large amounts of territory: in Hungary and the Poland-Lithuania, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in an alliance with Western Europe.
1660s
1680s
1690s
17th century in Europe
Habsburg Dynasty
History of Austria
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
History of Greece
History of Hungary
17th century in Italy
History of Lithuania
History of Romania
History of Serbia
History of Ukraine
Holy Roman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Wars involving Germany
Wars involving Russia
Wars involving Spain
17th-century conflicts
Soignies

Soignies (; , ) is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 25700 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 34 North, 04deg 04 East.
References
Other websites
Official website
Alternative site, with lots of further information on the city
Soignies, City of St Vincent
Municipalities of Hainaut
Dayton, Ohio

Dayton is a large city in the American state of Ohio. It is where Orville and Wilbur Wright grew up. The Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, also near Dayton, gets part of its name from the Wright brothers. The National Museum of the United States Air Force is inside the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
Dayton has a humid continental climate (Dfa in the Koeppen climate classification).
Ten people were killed in a mass shooting in Dayton on 4 August 2019.
References
Other websites
1796 establishments in the United States
1790s establishments in the Northwest Territory
County seats in Ohio
Memorial (society)

Memorial () was a Russian human rights organisation.
On 28 December 2021, the Supreme Court of Russia ordered the origanisation to close for violations of the foreign agent law. On 7 October 2022, Memorial Society was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
References
Human rights organizations
Voiced linguolabial nasal

The voiced linguolabial nasal is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
Full Moon Party

The Full Moon Party is a beach party held on every night where there is a full moon. It was held for the first time in 1985 and was held at a wooden disco not far from the beach to thank travellers for coming to Koh Pha-ngan island in Thailand.
References
Parties
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a novel. It was written in 1959 by Ken Kesey. It was published in 1962. It is set in a mental asylum in Oregon which is run by the tyrannical Nurse Ratched and where the new patient Randle McMurphy rebels against her. It was made into a movie in 1975 that was directed by Milos Forman. The movie stars Jack Nicholson as the patient Randle McMurphy and Louise Fletcher as Nurse Ratched. It was very popular, and won 5 Academy Awards. The novel's writer, Kesey, disliked the movie, because it did not take the perspective (view) of a Native American character, Chief Bromden (a more important character in the book than in the movie). It was a very controversial book when it was published. The novel is now considered a classic.
1962 books
20th-century American novels
English-language novels
Oregon
Suicide in fiction
Works about prostitution
Mental disorders in fiction
Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi

Edoardo "Edo" Alessandro Mapelli Mozzi (born 19 November 1983 in London) is a British property developer.
Work and life
He is the founder and the chief executive officer of Banda Property, a London-based interior design and development company. He is married to Princess Beatrice of York, the niece of King Charles III and the daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York. He had a partner named Dara Huang in 2015 and separated permanently in 2018 and had 1 child who lives with his former partner named Christopher Woolf Mapelli Mozzi. He and Princess Beatrice of York have 1 child named Sienna Mapelli Mozzi.
Living people
Águas de São Pedro

Aguas de Sao Pedro (IPA: ) is a Brazilian city of the state of Sao Paulo. It is the second smallest Brazilian city in area, with only 3.612 km2.
References
Other websites
Aguas de Sao Pedro Official Website
Cities in Sao Paulo (state)
1940 establishments in South America
1940s establishments in Brazil
Republic County, Kansas

Republic County (standard abbreviation: RP) is a county in the state of Kansas. It is south from the Nebraska border. In 2010 census, 4,980 people lived there. The county seat is Belleville. Belleville is also the biggest city in Republic County.
History
Indian tribes lived in the area before white settlers came. The tribes included the Pawnee, Iowa, and Otoe.
In 1860, Republic County was created by the Kansas legislature. The county is named after the Republican River.
Daniel and Conrad Myers were the first white settlers. They arrived in February 1861. By 1868, Republic County was holding elections.
After the Civil War and during the 19th century, a lot of European immigrants (mostly from Sweden and the Czech Republic) came to Belleville and the area around it.
In 1887, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a railroad from Neva (3 miles west of Strong City) to Superior, Nebraska. This railroad connected Strong City, Neva, Rockland, Diamond Springs, Burdick, Lost Springs, Jacobs, Hope, Navarre, Enterprise, Abilene, Talmage, Manchester, Longford, Oak Hill, Miltonvale, Aurora, Huscher, Concordia, Kackley, Courtland, Webber, Superior. This railroad was called "Strong City and Superior line". Later the name was shortened to the "Strong City line".
Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, (or 99.45%) is land and (or 0.55%) is water.
People
Government
Presidential elections
Republic County is very Republican. No Democratic presidential candidate has won the county except for Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 and Woodrow Wilson in 1912 and 1916. Since 1996, the Republican candidate has won seventy percent of the county's vote.
Education
Unified school districts
Pike Valley USD 426 (Scandia, Courtland and western half of county)
Republic County USD 109 (Belleville, Cuba and eastern half of county)
Communities
Incorporated cities
Agenda
Belleville
Courtland
Cuba
Munden
Narka
Republic
Scandia
References
More reading
Standard Atlas of Republic County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 66 pages; 1923.
Standard Atlas of Republic County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 58 pages; 1904.
Atlas of Republic County, Kansas; Gillen & Davy; 47 pages; 1884.
Other websites
County
Republic County - directory of public officials
Other
Republic County Historical Society Museum
Maps
Republic County maps: current, historic, KDOT
Kansas highway maps: current, historic, KDOT
Kansas railroad maps: current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
Kansas counties
1860 establishments in Kansas Territory
Nanteuil-Notre-Dame

Nanteuil-Notre-Dame is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Chacrise

Chacrise is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Vigilantism

A vigilante is a civilian or organization acting in a law enforcement capacity (or in the pursuit of self-perceived justice) without legal authority.
Revenge
Law enforcement
Hiranagar

Hiranagar () is part of the Kathua District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Towns in Jammu and Kashmir
Negative number

A negative number is a number that indicates an opposite. For example:
If a positive number is distance up, then a negative number is distance down.
If a positive number is distance to the right, then a negative number is distance to the left.
If a positive number is a deposit to a bank account, then a negative number is a withdrawal from that bank account.
If a positive number is a quantity of minutes in the future, then a negative number is a quantity of minutes in the past.
If a positive number means addition, then a negative number means subtraction.
The counting numbers (1, 2, 3, and so on) are all positive numbers. The positive numbers, negative numbers, and the number zero, taken together, are called "signed numbers" or integers.
The number zero is neither positive nor negative. Zero is its own opposite; so +0 = -0. That is, zero steps to the right is the same as zero steps to the left.
A negative number is always less than zero.
A negative number is written by putting a minus sign, "-", in front of a positive number. For example, 3 is a positive number, but -3 is a negative number. It is read "negative three" or "minus three"; it means the opposite of 3.
Negative numbers are left of zero on a number line. A number and its opposite are always the same distance from zero. The negative number -3 is just as far to the left of zero as 3 is to the right of zero:
Sometimes, for emphasis, we write the pair of opposite numbers as -3 and +3.
A number and its opposite always add to zero. So the sum of -3 and +3 is 0. We can write this either as -3 + 3 = 0 or as 3 + (- 3) = 0. In addition, a number and its opposite are said to "cancel each other out".
The set of negative real numbers is sometimes written as .
Arithmetic with negative numbers
Adding a negative number to something is the same as subtracting a positive number from it. For example, to add the negative number "-1" to the number "9" is the same as subtracting one from nine. In symbols:
9 + (-1) = 9 - 1 = 8
Subtracting a negative number from something is the same as adding a positive number to it. For example, to subtract the negative number "-8" from the number "6" is the same as adding the number "6" and the number "8". In symbols:
6 - (-8) = 6 + 8 = 14
A negative number multiplied by another negative number produces a positive number. For example, to multiply the negative number "-3" by the negative number "-2" is the same as multiplying the number "3" by the number "2". In symbols:
(-3) x (-2) = 3 x 2 = 6
A negative number multiplied by a positive number produces a negative number. For example, to multiply the negative number "-4" by the positive number "5" is like multiplying the number "4" by the number "5", but the answer is negative. In symbols:
(-4) x 5 = -(4 x 5) = -20
Uses of negative numbers
When a person got a debt, people sometimes say that they have a negative amount of money. Negative numbers are used in accounting and science.
Related pages
Sign (mathematics)
References
Other websites
Discussion of negative numbers (Math League)
Negative numbers (Purple Math)
Numbers
Arithmetics
Zack de la Rocha

Zack de la Rocha (born January 12, 1970) is the lead singer of American rock band Rage Against the Machine. He was born in Long Beach, California.
Biography
Early life (1970-1991)
Zack was interested in punk rock- including bands such as the Sex Pistols and the Clash- from a young age. In seventh grade, Zack played guitar in a punk band called Juvenile Expression, along with his friend Tim Commerford, who played bass. As a teenager, Zack grew to like hardcore punk bands such as Minor Threat and Fugazi, and joined Hardstance as a guitarist. In 1988, Hardstance changed it's name to Inside Out, and Zack became vocalist. Inside Out broke up in 1991. In August of that year, while performing in a club, Zack was approached by Los Angeles local musicians Tom Morello, a guitarist, and Brad Wilk, a drummer and the three agreed to form a band called Rage Against the Machine, which was the name of a song Zack had written when he was vocalist. De la Rocha asked former Juvenile Expression bandmate Tim Commerford to play bass, and he agreed.
As a teenager, de la Rocha became a vegetarian for ethical reasons
Rage Against the Machine (1991-2000: 2007-present)
Zack wrote most of Rage Against the Machine's songs, with lyrics that talked about politics and current events. The band signed with Epic Records in 1992 and released three original albums between 1992 and 1999- Rage Against the Machine in 1992, Evil Empire in 1996, and The Battle of Los Angeles in 1999. Zack left the band in October, 2000 for "political and creative differences". A fourth album, Renegades, was released in December.
On January 22, 2007, it was announced that RATM would reunite to play a show in Coachella, California. Since then, the band has been active in political causes and is planning to release a new album in 2011.
References
1970 births
Living people
Singers from California
Musicians from Long Beach, California
Elsebeth Gerner Nielsen

Elsebeth Gerner Nielsen (born 5 January 1960) is a Danish politician. She is a member of the Social Liberal Party. She served as Minister for Culture from 1998 to 2001. She was also an MP from 1994 to 2007. She was born in Asted Sogn, Frederikshavn.
In March 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Nielsen tested positive for COVID-19.
References
1960 births
Living people
Danish politicians
Ina Garten

Ina Rosenberg Garten (pronounced EYE-nuh; born February 2, 1948) is an American author and host of the Food Network show Barefoot Contessa. She was a staff member of the White House Office of Management and Budget. Garten has a number of best-selling cookbooks, magazine products and a popular Food Network television show.
Garten was born in Brooklyn, New York.
Works
Books
The Barefoot Contessa Cookbook (1999), Clarkson Potter,
Barefoot Contessa Parties! Ideas and Recipes For Easy Parties That Are Really Fun (2001)
Barefoot Contessa Family Style: Easy Ideas and Recipes That Make Everyone Feel Like Family (2002)
Barefoot in Paris: Easy French Food You Can Make at Home (2004)
Barefoot Contessa at Home: Everyday Recipes You'll Make Over and Over Again (2006)
Barefoot Contessa Back to Basics: Fabulous Flavor from Simple Ingredients Clarkson Potter. 2008. .
Barefoot Contessa: How Easy Is That? Clarkson Potter. 2010. .
Cooking for Jeffrey: A Barefoot Contessa Cookbook Clarkson Potter. 2016.
Magazine columns
"Entertaining is Fun!" (Martha Stewart Living 1999-present)
"Entertaining." (O, The Oprah Magazine 2003-present)
"Ask the Barefoot Contessa." (House Beautiful 2006-present)
Television
From Martha's Kitchen: Ina Garten's Kitchen Clambake (2000)
Barefoot Contessa (2002-present)
Chefography (2006-2010)
30 Rock (2010-2011)
References
1948 births
American television personalities
Writers from Brooklyn
Living people
Sageville, Iowa

Sageville is a city in Iowa in the United States. In 2008 there were 191 people living in Sageville. The town is named after Chester Sage who built a flour mill there in the 1830's.
References
Cities in Iowa
Peter Groeger

Peter Groeger (June 1, 1933 - January 16, 2018) was an (East)-German actor, director, and voice actor. He was born in Grobzig, Free State of Anhalt. He was known for his role in Blaulicht and Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten.
Groeger died in Berlin on January 16, 2018 at the age of 84.
References
Other websites
1933 births
2018 deaths
East German people
German movie actors
German stage actors
German television actors
German voice actors
People from Saxony-Anhalt
William Macpherson

Sir William Macpherson of Cluny (William Alan Macpherson; 1 April 1926 - 14 February 2021) was a Scottish High Court judge. He served as the 27th Hereditary Chief of the Clan Macpherson. In the late 1990s, Macpherson led the public inquiry into the murder of Stephen Lawrence.
Macpherson was born in Blairgowrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. He studied at Summer Fields School, a preparatory school near Oxford. He later studied at Wellington College in Crowthorne and Trinity College, Oxford.
Macpherson died on 14 February 2021, aged 94.
References
1926 births
2021 deaths
Scottish judges
People from Perth and Kinross
S.P.A.L.

Societa Polisportiva Ars et Labor, commonly known as S.P.A.L. (), is a professional football club from Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The club was founded in 1907 and plays in Serie B, the second tier of Italian football. They have played their home matches at Stadio Paolo Mazza since 1928.
Name changes
1907-2005: SPAL
2005-2012: SPAL 1907
2012-2013: SSD Real SPAL
2013-2018: SPAL 2013
2018-Present: SPAL
Players
Current squad
Out on loan
Honours
Domestic
League titles
Serie B
Winners (2): 1950-51, 2016-17
Serie C
Winners (3): 1937-38, 1972-73, 1977-78
Runners-up (4): 1941-42, 1942-43, 1969-70, 1970-71
Lega Pro
Winners (1): 2015-16
Serie C1
Winners (1): 1991-92
Runners-up (1): 1995-96
Serie C2
Winners (1): 1997-98
Runners-up (1): 1990-91
Cups
Coppa Italia
Runners-up (1): 1961-62
Coppa Italia Serie C
Winners (1): 1998-99
Runners-up (1): 1988-89
Supercoppa di Lega Pro
Winners (1): 2016
European
Cup of Italian-Swiss Friendship
Winners (1): 1968
References
1907 establishments in Italy
Ferrara
Italian football clubs
Michael Hayden

Michael Hayden (born March 17, 1945) is an American politician, writer and military personnel. He was the head of the CIA from 2006 to 2009. On 24 May 2006, he was voted as the new head of the CIA by the United States Senate. He was the director of the NSA from 1999 to 2005. The NSA and CIA are both spy agencies. He has worked as a spy since 1970.
On November 23, 2018, Hayden was hospitalized after suffering a stroke.
References
Other websites
Michael Hayden biography from the NSA
1945 births
Living people
American generals
American political writers
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
Directors of the National Security Agency
Politicians from Pittsburgh
Writers from Pittsburgh
Military people from Pennsylvania
Maizy

Maizy is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Greenstone belt

Greenstone belts are large regions of very ancient metamorphosed volcanic rocks. The name comes from the green colour of the minerals in the rocks. Chlorite, actinolite and other green amphiboles are the typical green minerals.
Greenstone belts were originally formed of igneous rocks, such as basalt. The belts formed at ancient oceanic spreading centers and in volcanic island arcs. They may be several thousand kilometres long. Later, they were metamophosed, with minor sedimentary rocks in-between the volcanic formations.
Those greenstone belts which formed in ancient oceans are now found on land in Archaean and Proterozoic cratons between granite and gneiss bodies.
The rocks are mafic, meaning they are high in magnesium and silica.
Metamorphic rocks
Washington State Senate

The Washington State Senate is the upper house of the Washington State Legislature. The body has 49 members, each representing a district with a population of nearly 160,000. The State Senate meets at the Legislative Building in Olympia.
References
Washington (state)
Diana Douglas

Diana Love Dill (January 22, 1923 - July 3, 2015) was a Bermudian-born American actress who was professionally known as Diana Douglas.
Dill was known for her marriage to Kirk Douglas which lasted from 1943 until their divorce in 1951. She was the mother of actors Michael and Joel Douglas.
Early life
Douglas was born Diana Love Dill in the Devonshire Parish in Bermuda to a British father who was a colonel and an American mother.
Career
Douglas began her career as an actress in 1942. Since then, she has appeared in over 50 movies. Some of her well-known roles were as Susan Rogers in the 1955 movie The Indian Fighter (co-starring Kirk Douglas) and as Peg in the 1987 comedy movie Planes, Trains and Automobiles. She was also known for her recurring role as Martha Evans on Days of Our Lives (1977-1979, 1982).
She appeared in It Runs in the Family with her son Michael and her ex-husband Kirk. She retired in 2008.
Death
Douglas died on July 3, 2015 from cancer at her home in Woodland Hills, California, aged 92.
References
Other websites
All Movie Biography and Filmography
Cover, Life, 3 May 1943.
Bernews Profile: Diana Dill
Essay on Bermuda Militia Artillery, by Jennifer Hind, which makes frequent mention of father, TM Dill
Roots Web: Portrait of father, T.M. Dill
Hello Magazine: Michael Douglas' Mum Weds at 79
1923 births
2015 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Bermudian entertainers
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Douglas family
Trapdoor spider

Trapdoor Spiders are members of the spider family Ctenizidae. They dig a small burrow in the forest floor, and covers it with a dirt trapdoor.The spider lurks in its burrow with the door half-open, until something to eat walks by without knowing that the spider is watching. Then the trapdoor spider pounces, drags the prey into its trap, and slams the trapdoor shut.
References
Spiders
TaleSpin

TaleSpin is an American animated television show. It is based on characters from Disney's The Jungle Book movie. Instead of being wild animals from the jungle, the characters in TaleSpin wear clothes, live in a town, and have jobs. The series was originally shown from May 5, 1990 to August 8, 1991. It had a total of 65 episodes.
Main Characters
Baloo
Kit Cloudkicker
Rebecca Cunningham
Molly Cunningham
Wildcat (mechanic)
King Louie
Shere Khan
Don Karnage and his pirates
Colonel Spigot
Home video releases
VHS
Video Chile: ADV Garantia Original Video
Eleven VHS cassettes containing 21 episodes of the series were released in Argentinina/Chile.
DVD
Video Chile: ADV Garantia Original Video
The sets from Germany and the United Kingdom have also been released in Argentinina/Chile. The First Collection came out on September 15, 2012. The Second Collection was released on April 12, 2013. The Third Collection was released on September 14, 2013.
Other websites
TaleSpin Source , Information about TaleSpin, including a section with answers from the creators of the series.
1990 American television series debuts
Television series by Disney
Animated television series
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
Davis Junction, Illinois

Davis Junction is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Lucille Dumont

Lucille Dumont (January 20, 1919 - July 29, 2016) was a Canadian singer, radio host and television host. She was credited by the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame for having "served and personified" Quebec popular music. She was also credited with being "at the birth of Quebec television", having been in Radio Canada's first television shows.
Dumont was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2006.
Dumont was born in Montreal, Quebec. She died at age 97.
References
Musicians from Quebec
Canadian pop singers
1919 births
2016 deaths
2019 South Sulawesi floods

On 22 January 2019, floods caused by heavy rainfall hit the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. At least 68 people were killed. Gowa Regency was hard-hit having the majority of the fatalities.
The most destructive flood was caused by the overflowing of the Jeneberang River and the opening of the watergates of the Bili-Bili Dam in Gowa, though other floods also occurred elsewhere in the province.
References
2019 disasters in Asia
2010s floods
2010s in Indonesia
Disasters in Indonesia
Floods in Asia
History of Sulawesi
January 2019 events
Kingdom of France

The Kingdom of France (; ; ) is the name given to various political entities of France in the Middle Ages and modern times. According to historians, three major events started the Kingdom of France: the advent of Clovis I in 481, the Treaty of Verdun and the election of Hugues Capet in 987. The kingdom lasted until 1792 and was briefly restored in 1814 to 1815 and then from 1815 to 1848.
The King of the Franks, Clovis I, sealed the alliance of Frankish Kingdoms with the Catholic Church at his baptism. That alliance was perpetuated in the Kingdom of France by the crowning of kings at Reims, which made them monarchs by divine right. The first Capetians were anxious to crown their eldest son in their lifetime because their authority was limited in reality to the Ile de France. It was not until Philippe Auguste that their official acts called it the Kingdom of France and that they are able to make a real act of authority throughout the kingdom. Their territory was the feudal fiefs of which king of Western France had been the suzerain since the 843 division of the Carolingian Empire.
The gradual integration of the feudal fiefs into the royal domain required the establishment of a royal administration. Louis IX attached the main importance to its role as justiciary. The parlement, the high court of justice, was put in place. The Hundred Years' War allowed Charles VII to establish an army and permanent taxes. Richelieu and Louis XIV strengthened the royal authority in the provinces by bringing the local governors of the nobility under their stewardship and by delegating to them stewards appointed by the king.
The tendency of royalty to exercise more and more absolute power could be challenged in times of turmoil, civil wars and the reigns of minor kings. The dispute took a more pronounced character on the occasion of the diffusion of the philosophy of enlightenment and of the values that it carried: government of reason, separation of powers, individual liberties. The French Revolution led to the establishment of a French constitutional monarchy. However, the different formulas experienced failure in 1792, 1830 and 1848, which ended the French monarchy.
References
*
Julie Duval

Julie Duval (born 31 December 1987) is a French rugby union player. She played for the France women's national rugby union team from 2012 to 2018. She participated at the 2013 Women's Six Nations Championship, 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup, 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup, 2018 Women's Six Nations Championship, and 2019 Women's Six Nations Championship.
She played with the Caen rugby team.
References
1987 births
Living people
French rugby union players
Saint-Romain-en-Viennois

Saint-Romain-en-Viennois is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Communes in Vaucluse
Georgetown, Guyana

Georgetown is the capital city of Guyana. It is located in the Demerara-Mahaica region. It is the country's largest city. The population in 2012 was about 235,017 people.
References
National capitals in South America
Settlements established in the 18th century
Geography of Guyana
Black Manta

Black Manta (David Hyde) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in Aquaman #35 (September 1967) and is the archenemy of the superhero Aquaman.
The character made his movie debut in the James Wan's Aquaman movie (2018), played by Yahya Abdul-Mateen II.
References
DC Comics supervillains
2021 Russian protests

The 2021 Russian protests are a series of street protests in support of Alexei Navalny. They were caused by his locking up and the release of Alexei Navalny's film Putin's palace. History of world's largest bribe. They began on 23 January 2021. They are taking place in Russia. People are taking themselves on the streets in support of the Russian people in other countries too.
References
January 2021 events
February 2021 events
protests
2021 protests
Urolagnia

Urolagnia (also urophilia, undinism) is when people gain sexual pleasure from urine and/or urination. The term has origins in the Greek Language (from ouron, urine, and lagneia, lust).
Those who enjoy urolagnia may enjoy urinating on other people, or being urinated on. The practice of drinking the urine is called urophagia. People who practice urolagnia may play in a domination and submission scene.
These activities are often described with the slang terms golden showers, water sports, or piss play. Uncontrollable bladder desperation or panty wetting is socially a different matter.
In New Zealand, publishing anything promoting or supporting urolagnia, whether in print or online, is an offence punishable by up to ten years in prison. Probably that law is rarely used.
References
Other websites
Paraphilias
Sexual acts
David Morse

David Bowditch Morse (born October 11, 1953) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for playing Brutus "Brutal" Howell in the 1999 movie The Green Mile.
He was born in Hamilton, Massachusetts. He has been married to Susan Wheeler Duff since 1982. They have 3 children.
References
Other websites
1953 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American television directors
Actors from Massachusetts
Drama Desk Award winners
Citalopram

Citalopram (better known as Celexa) is an antidepressant used to treat major depression and off-label conditions. This medicine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the 1990s. Adverse affects from this medicine include although are not limited to drowsiness, nausea, vivid dreaming, dry mouth and trembling. Citalopram is also used for anxiety conditions and panic disorder.
Drugs used in psychiatry
Organonitrogen compounds
Organofluorides