pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (called "Caltech" for short) is a major American research university in the city of Pasadena in the state of California. Caltech specializes - is especially good, or especially interested - in the study of engineering, computer science, and the physical sciences (some physical sciences are physics and chemistry, as well as others). Caltech is also in charge of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, also called JPL. JPL is part of NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which is the part of the United States government that explores space. Caltech is not owned or run by the United States, or NASA, but NASA pays Caltech to run JPL for them. By most measures, it is the most selective college/university in the world and has one of the highest faculty-to-student ratios in the world.
Caltech's mascot is the beaver. Many schools that specialize in engineering have beavers for their mascot, because in the wild, beavers are known for making dams, and so people think that they are the animal most like engineers.
Famous alumni
Jean Robieux, French physicist.
References
Association of American Universities
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California
1891 establishments in California
Jane Somerville

Jane Somerville (nee Platnauer; born 24 January 1933) is a British emeritus professor of cardiology at Imperial College London.
Somerville was the attending physician at Britain's first heart transplantation in 1968. She is best known for writing and researching about GUCH (grown-ups with congenital heart disease).
References
1933 births
Living people
Academics of the University of London
Medical researchers
British medical doctors
1634

Events
February 24-25 - Rebellious soldiers kill Albrecht von Wallenstein
March 1 - Battle at Smolensk, King Ladislaus IV of Poland defeats Russian army.
March 25 - The first settlers arrive in St. Mary's City, Maryland (led by Lord Baltimore), the fourth permanent settlement in British North America.
August 18 - Urbain Grandier, a priest accused of sorcery, burned alive in Loudun, France.
September 5 and September 6 - Battle of Nordlingen (1634) results in Catholic victory
Moses Amyraut's Traite de la predestination is published
Curacao captured by the Dutch
Treaty of Polianovska
First meeting of the Academie francaise
Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin
Opening of Covent Garden Market in London
English establish a settlement at Cochin, now Kochi on Malabar coast
First decennial performance of the Oberammergau Passion Plays
Oxford University Press receives its charter and becomes the second of the privileged presses
Deaths
April 28- Urbain Grandier
Jack Mercer

Jack Mercer (January 13, 1910 - December 4, 1984) was an American movie, television, voice, and stage actor, storyman, and animator who is known for his voice role as Popeye.
He was born in Worthington, Indiana on January 31, 1910. He was married to Margie Hines from 1939 to 1942. Then to Virginia Mercer until his death in 1984, he had no children.
He died in Queens, New York from stomach cancer on December 4, 1984, he was 74 years old.
References
Other websites
Biography --"He Am What He Am!--Jack Mercer, the Voice of Popeye" by Fred M. Grandinetti
1939 publicity photo of Mercer and Hines announcing their marriage
1910 births
1984 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Modular arithmetic

Modular arithmetic, sometimes also called clock arithmetic, is a way of doing arithmetic with integers. Much like hours on a clock, which repeat every twelve hours, once the numbers reach a certain value, called the modulus, they go back to zero.
In general, given a modulus , we can do addition, subtraction and multiplication on the set in a way that "wrap around" . This set is sometimes represented by the symbol , and called the set of integers modulo .
People talked about modular arithmetic in many ancient cultures. For instance, the Chinese remainder theorem is many centuries old. The modern notation and exact definition of modular arithmetic were first described by Carl Friedrich Gauss.
Congruence
Modular arithmetic can be used to show the idea of congruence. In general, given a positive integer n, two integers a and b are congruent modulo n, if they have the same remainder when both are divided by n. Congruence can be written this way:
The number n is called the modulus. Another definition of congruence, that means the same thing but is sometimes more useful, is that the two integers are congruent modulo n if the difference (a - b) is an integer multiple of n. That is, if n is a factor of (a - b), then a and b are congruent mod n.
For example:
The remainder when 32 is divided by 7 is 4, and the remainder when 11 is divided by 7 is also 4. This tells us that they are congruent--when the modulus is 7.
We can use this example with the other definition too. The difference, (a - b), is 32 - 11 = 21. This shows the two numbers are congruent, because 21 = 3 x 7 and 7 is a factor of 21.
Uses
Modular arithmetic is useful in many fields, and its applications include RSA algorithm in cryptography, primality testing in computer science, and 12-tone arithmetic in music. It is often used in calculating checksums and check digits.
Related pages
Modulo operation
Primitive root modulo n
References
Arithmetics
Number theory
Abstract algebra
Lebak Regency

Lebak Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of Banten.
Regencies_of_Banten
Lorin Maazel

Lorin Varencove Maazel (March 6, 1930 - July 13, 2014) was an American conductor, violinist and composer.
Early life
Maazel was born to Jewish American parents of Russian origin in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. His father, Lincoln Maazel, was also a conductor.
Career
In 1960, Maazel became the first American to conduct at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. He was chief conductor of the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1965 to 1971 and the Radio-Symphonie-Orchester (RSO) Berlin from 1964 to 1975.
Death
He died aged 84 on July 13, 2014, his Castleton Farms estate in Virginia, from complications of pneumonia.
References
1930 births
2014 deaths
American composers
American conductors
American violinists
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in Virginia
Jewish American musicians
Musicians from Ile-de-France
Musicians from Pittsburgh
Spy-fi

The genre known as Spy-fi is a cross-over between the genres of spy fiction and science fiction. The story usually involves a spy with advanced technological weapons or gadgets, and sometimes the villain is a mad scientist or evil genius with robots or advanced technological weapons and gadgets. The film and novel series James Bond was a popularizer of the genre, as well as such TV shows as The Man from UNCLE, Mission: Impossible, and I Spy.
Science fiction
Merchant marine

Merchant marine is a term used in many places to talk about commercial ships and crews. A country's merchant marine is made up of all the ships owned by companies or individuals in that country which are used to make money. Most of a country's merchant marine is usually made of ships that carry things from place to place, like oil tankers and freighters. Other ships, like cruise ships and ferries, are also included because they are used to make money. When a country is at peace, its merchant marine works independently. Some countries, though, require merchant ships to work for their armed forces in times of war.
In the United States, "Merchant Marine" has a different meaning. The United States Merchant Marine (USMM) is a part of the military which is controlled by the government in both peace and war. When the United States is at war, the USMM is used to carry military supplies. In World War II, nearly one out of every twenty-six American merchant mariners was killed, a higher portion of men than in the Army, Navy, or even the Marines.
References
Other websites
The Marine Society
International Merchant Marine Community
United States Merchant Marine Academy
Canadian Merchant Navy: Second World War
Official database of deceased Canadian Merchant Mariners
SwissWorld: The Swiss Merchant Navy
Photos of the Merchant Marine Memorials in London
Naval transport
Crinum

Crinum is a genus of about 180 species of lily-like perennial plants very family Amaryllidaceae that have large showy flowers on leafless stems, and develop from bulbs.
They are found along the sides of streams and lakes in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, including South Africa.
In addition, swamp lilies are members of this genus which are cultivated for their attractive flowers like ornamental plants.
Asparagales
Flowers
Library of Birmingham

The Library of Birmingham is a public library in Central Birmingham, England. It is in Centenary Square next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre and Baskerville House. It opened on the 3 September 2013 and cost PS8.5 million to build. It has been called the largest public library in the United Kingdom.
References
Libraries in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in Birmingham
Balanced budget amendment

A balanced budget amendment is a rule in the United States Constitution that requires the government's yearly budget to spend no more than it earns, so the government does not have to borrow money.
Some proposals of the balanced budget amendment allow the government to borrow money (spending more than it earns) during a time of emergency such as war, or if most people in Congress agree it is necessary.
United States Constitution
Evert Kroon

Evert Gerrit Kroon (September 9, 1946 - April 2, 2018) was a Dutch water polo goalkeeper. He participated in three Summer Olympics, starting in 1968. After two seventh-place finishes Kroon won the bronze medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born in Hilversum, North Holland.
Kroon died on April 2, 2018 in Amsterdam at the age of 71.
References
Other websites
1946 births
2018 deaths
Dutch Olympic bronze medalists
Dutch water polo players
People from Hilversum
Sportspeople from North Holland
Japan Atomic Energy Agency

The or JAEA, is a Japanese organization that seeks to research, promote, and monitor the peaceful use of nuclear energy. It is an Independent Administrative Institution.
History
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency was formed October 1, 2005 by a merger of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC).
The "Japan Atomic Energy Agency Act of 2005" established the scope of agency concerns, including
Basic research of nuclear energy
Promotion of research and development results
Human resource development
Study and analysis of safety regulation, prevention of nuclear disasters, international non-proliferation, etc.
Related pages
Independent Administrative Institution
List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan
Fukushima I nuclear accidents
References
Other websites
English JAEA website ;
Independent Administrative Institutions of Japan
Sankt Pölten

Sankt Polten (; ), mostly abbreviated to the official name St. Polten, is a city in Austria. It is a district of Lower Austria. Almost 58,000 people lived there (2023). It lies in the Mostviertel region. Since 1986, it has been the capital of Lower Austria. It is the biggest city of the Bundesland.
References
Other websites
Districts of Lower Austria
Menindee, New South Wales

Menindee is a small town on the banks of the Darling River in New South Wales, Australia. It is 1,271 km west of the state capital, Sydney. There are about 980 people who live in Menindee. The explorer Major Thomas Mitchell was the first Europen to visit the area in 1835. He named the lakes in the area Laidley Ponds. A hotel was built by Tom Paine in 1853, which became an important supply base for the Burke and Wills expedition in 1860.
References
Towns in New South Wales
Tomkinson Ranges

The Tomkinson Ranges is a mountain range in the northwest corner of South Australia. The range consists of sandstone hills, surrounded by spinifex grasslands. Several rock holes are located in and around the hills.
The mountains were named after politician Samuel Tomkinson (1851-1900). The explorer William Gosse named them when he passed through the region in the early 1870s. Ernest Giles and his team reached the ranges shortly after, and set up a base here from which to explore the Gibson and Great Victoria Deserts. Numerous prospecting expeditions were made through the region until the 1930s.
Together with the Mann Ranges, the Tomkinson Ranges are an important part of the Pitjantjatjara homeland. The communities of Kalka and Pipalyatjara are located at the base of the mountains.
References
Mountain ranges of Australia
Mountains of South Australia
Åselstad

Aselstad is a locality in Norrkoping Municipality in Ostergotland County in Sweden. In 2010, 475 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Ostergotland County
Ilir Meta

Ilir Meta (; born 24 March 1969) is an Albanian diplomat and politician. He has served as President of Albania from 24 July 2017 to 24 July 2022. Previously he served as Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2002 to 2003 and again from 2009 to 2010. He was Chairman of the Parliament of Albania from 2013 to 2017.
References
1969 births
Presidents of Albania
Prime Ministers of Albania
European diplomats
Chairpersons of the Parliament of Albania
Living people
Raúl Eduardo Vela Chiriboga

Raul Eduardo Vela Chiriboga (1 January 1934 - 15 November 2020) was an Ecuadorean prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the Archbishop of Quito from 2003 to 2010. He was born in Riobamba, Ecuador.
Vela Chiriboga died on 15 November 2020 in Quito at the age of 86.
References
Other websites
Profile on the Archdiocese of Quito's website
Catholic Hierarchy entry
1934 births
2020 deaths
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
People from Quito
Ecuadorian Roman Catholic bishops
Ulcinj

Ulcinj (, or Ulqini, , ) is a town on the southern coast of Montenegro. In 2011, 10,707 people lived there.
Cities in Montenegro
Municipalities of Montenegro
Kausea Natano

Kausea Natano (born 5 July 1957) is a Tuvaluan politician. He is the Prime Minister of Tuvalu since 19 September 2019. He is also serving as an MP for Funafuti.
References
Living people
Prime Ministers of Tuvalu
1957 births
Current national leaders
University of the South Pacific alumni
Munich air disaster

The Munich air disaster occurred on 6 February 1958 when British European Airways Flight 609 crashed on its third attempt to take off from a slush-covered runway at Munich-Riem Airport, Munich, Bavaria, West Germany.
On the plane was the Manchester United football team, nicknamed the "Busby Babes", along with supporters and journalists. 20 of the 44 on the aircraft died at the scene. Three more died at a Munich hospital, resulting in 23 fatalities with 21 survivors.
An investigation said that the crash was caused by the slush on the runway, which slowed the plane too much to take off.
Deaths
Crew members
Captain Kenneth "Ken" Rayment. Co-pilot. Died in hospital five weeks later as a result of brain damage.
Passengers
Manchester United players
Geoff Bent
Roger Byrne
Eddie Colman
Duncan Edwards (survived the crash, but died in hospital 15 days later)
Mark Jones
David Pegg
Tommy Taylor
Billy Whelan
Manchester United staff
Walter Crickmer, club secretary
Tom Curry, trainer
Bert Whalley, chief coach
Journalists
Frank Swift, News of the World (also former England and Manchester City goalkeeper; died on his way to hospital)
Donny Davies, Manchester Guardian
References
1958 in Europe
20th century in Munich
Disasters in Germany
Aviation accidents and incidents involving professional sports teams
Miécourt

Miecourt was a municipality, in the new municipality of La Baroche and the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. The French language is the most people's first language in this town.
Miecourt
Dieter Mann

Dieter Mann (20 June 1941 - 3 February 2022) was a German actor. He was known for playing Wilhelm Keitel in the 2004 movie Downfall. He also played Professor Schafer in the 2009 movie 13 Semester. Mann was born in Berlin.
Mann was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He died from the disease on 3 February 2022 in Berlin at the age of 80.
References
1941 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
German movie actors
German television actors
German stage actors
German voice actors
Actors from Berlin
Jacques Prévert

Jacques Prevert (; 4 February 1900 - 11 April 1977) was a French poet and screenwriter. who wrote the screnario of Les Enfants du Paradis.
His parents were Andre Prevert and Suzanne Catusse. Jacques Prevert was married to Simone Dienne (1925 - 1946) then divorced and re-married to Janine Tricotet (1947 - 1977).
References
Other websites
Prevert, Jacques, 1900-1977 at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Podcast: Audio reading of the poem "Barbara"
http://vieadeux.biotope.ca/?p=63
1900 births
1977 deaths
French poets
French screenwriters
Mahmoud Jibril

Mahmoud Jibril el-Warfally (; 28 May 1952 - 5 April 2020) was a Libyan politician. He served as the interim Prime Minister of Libya for seven and a half months as the executive board of the National Transitional Council from 5 March to 23 October 2011. He was also the Minister of Foreign Affairs. He held these posts during the during the Libyan Civil War in 2011. From 2012 until his death, he was the leader of the National Forces Alliance. He was born in Benghazi.
On 5 April 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Jibril died in Cairo, Egypt of COVID-19. He was 67.
References
1952 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt
Prime Ministers of Libya
Per Lillo-Stenberg

Per Lillo-Stenberg (21 June 1928 - 27 March 2014) was a Norwegian actor. His best known roles are in the movies Olsenbanden gir seg aldri! (1981) and Olsenbandens siste stikk (1999). He was born in Oslo. He and his wife Mette Lange-Nielsen had a son, Lars Lillo-Stenberg, a musician for deLillos.
Lillo-Stenberg died after a short illness on 27 March 2014 in Levanger. He was 85 years old.
References
Other websites
1928 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Oslo
Disease-related deaths in Norway
Norwegian movie actors
Norwegian stage actors
Norwegian television actors
Race for the Yankee Zephyr

Race for the Yankee Zephyr (also known as Treasure of the Yankee Zephyr) is a 1981 New Zealand Australian action adventure movie directed by David Hemmings and starring Ken Wahl, Lesley Ann Warren, George Peppard, Donald Pleasence, Bruno Lawrence, Grant Tilly.
Other websites
1981 action movies
1981 adventure movies
New Zealand movies
Australian action movies
Australian adventure movies
Saint-Quentin-la-Motte-Croix-au-Bailly

Saint-Quentin-la-Motte-Croix-au-Bailly is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Duce

Duce ( , ) is an Italian title, derived from the Latin word dux "leader", and a cognate of duke. National Fascist Party leader Benito Mussolini was identified by Fascists as Il Duce ("The Leader") of the movement since the birth of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento in 1919. In 1925 it became a reference to the dictatorial position of Sua Eccellenza Benito Mussolini, Capo del Governo, Duce del Fascismo e Fondatore dell'Impero ("His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government, Leader of Fascism and Founder of the Empire").
Titles
Gerzensee (lake)

Gerzensee is a lake in the Canton of Berne, Switzerland. The surface area is .
It gives the name to the village of Gerzensee.
Other websites
Lakes of Bern
Tammela, Estonia

Tammela is a village in Puhalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
Villages in Hiiu County
Māori electorates

In New Zealand politics, Maori electorates, also known as the Maori seats, are a special category of electorate that until 1967 gave reserved positions to representatives of Maori in the New Zealand Parliament.
Every area in New Zealand is covered by both a general and a Maori electorate; as of 2020, there are seven Maori electorates.
References
Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Annecy

Communaute d'agglomeration du Grand Annecy is the communaute d'agglomeration, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Annecy. It is located in the Haute-Savoie department, in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region, southeastern France. It was created in January 2017 by the merger of the former communaute de l'agglomeration d'Annecy and four communautes de communes. Its population was 203,078 in 2014, of which 128,422 in Annecy proper.
Composition
The Communaute d'agglomeration du Grand Annecy consists of the following 34 communes:
Alby-sur-Cheran
Alleves
Annecy
Argonay
Bluffy
Chainaz-les-Frasses
Chapeiry
Charvonnex
Chavanod
Cusy
Duingt
Entrevernes
Epagny-Metz-Tessy
Filliere
Groisy
Gruffy
Hery-sur-Alby
La Chapelle-Saint-Maurice
Leschaux
Menthon-Saint-Bernard
Montagny-les-Lanches
Mures
Naves-Parmelan
Poisy
Quintal
Saint-Eustache
Saint-Felix
Saint-Jorioz
Saint-Sylvestre
Sevrier
Talloires-Montmin
Veyrier-du-Lac
Villaz
Viuz-la-Chiesaz
References
Annecy
Haute-Savoie
Musa (genus)

Musa is one of two or three genera in the family Musaceae; it includes bananas and plantains. Around 70 species of Musa are known, with a broad variety of uses.
Many bananas and plantains grow as high as trees, but they are not woody. Their apparent "stem" is made up of the bases of the huge leaf stalks. For this reason, they are technically gigantic herbs.
Musa species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the giant leopard moth and other Hypercompe species, including H. albescens (only recorded on Musa), H. eridanus, and H. icasia.
References
Musaceae
Chairperson of the African Union

The Chairperson of the African Union is the ceremonial head of the African Union elected by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a one-year term.
A candidate must be supported by at least two-thirds of the member states or by consensus. The chairperson is expected to complete the term without resignations or impeachment.
List of Chairpersons
References
Hernando, Mississippi

Hernando is the county seat of DeSoto County, Mississippi, United States.
Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Bloxom, Virginia

Bloxom is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
Stoning

Stoning or lapidation is a form of capital punishment: a group of people throws stones at the convicted person, until this person dies. Today, it is mostly used in countries which follow sharia law.
Capital punishment
Jamia Mosque (Hong Kong)

The Jamia Mosque or Shelley Street Mosque () is a mosque in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. It is the first and oldest mosque in Hong Kong.
History
The original building of the mosque was built in 1890 during the British Hong Kong government as the Mohammedan Mosque on a piece of land rented by the government in 1850. In 1915, the building of the mosque was expanded and it was renamed to Jamia Mosque after World War II.
Architecture
The mosque building is included into the Grade I Building in which it is considered as a historical building which needs to be protected and conserved.
References
Mosques in Hong Kong
Religion in China
1890
Combinatorial chemistry

Combinatorial chemistry is a branch of chemistry that creates a large number of different compounds using standardized reactions. Very often robots are used for synthesis. After synthesis, the compounds with the desired properties are kept. The main use for the procedure is Medicinal chemistry and pharmacology.
Cheminformatics
Materials science
I Go to Sleep

"I Go to Sleep" is a 1965 song by The Kinks and has been covered by numerous artists including The Pretenders in 1981 where it went to number 6 in Belgium, number 7 in the United Kingdom, number 9 in the Netherlands and number 28 in New Zealand.
References
1965 songs
The Kinks songs
The Pretenders songs
Peggy Lee songs
Sia songs
Cher songs
Baroque pop songs
Concordia Parish, Louisiana

Concordia is a parish of Louisiana in the United States. The parish seat is Vidalia. In the 2010 count, 20,822 people lived in this parish.
1807 establishments in the Territory of Orleans
Aleksandr Timoshinin

Aleksandr Ivanovich Timoshinin (, 20 May 1948 - 26 November 2021) was a Russian rower. He was born in Moscow. He competed for the Soviet Union in the 1968 Summer Olympics and in the 1972 Summer Olympics. He won two gold medals at each Olympic event.
Timoshinin died on 26 November 2021, at the age of 73.
References
1948 births
2021 deaths
Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Moscow
Soviet rowers
Sean Kingston

Kisean Paul Anderson
(born February 3, 1990) better known by his stage name Sean Kingston, is an American-Jamaican singer, songwriter, and rapper. He is best known for his number 1 single "Beautiful Girls", as well as "Fire Burning", "Take You There", and his collaboration with Justin Bieber: "Eenie Meenie".
On May 29, 2011, Kingston was seriously injured along with a female passenger in a jet ski accident in Miami, Florida.
Discography
Studio albums
Sean Kingston
Released: July 31, 2007
Label: Epic/Beluga Heights
Chart positions: 6 U.S.
RIAA certification: Platinum
Tomorrow
Released: 2009
Solo singles
Featured singles
Guest appearances
Awards/nominations
Image Awards
2008, Outstanding New Artist (Nominated)
MOBO Awards
2007: Best Reggae Acts
Teen Choice Awards
2007: Choice R&B Track "Beautiful Girls"
2007: Choice Summer Track "Beautiful Girls" (nominated)
References
Other websites
Official website
Official UK website
DJBooth.net Interview
Exclusive Music Interview
Rappers from Florida
Jamaican singers
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
Singers from Miami
1990 births
Living people
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American singers
Dylan Sprouse

Dylan Thomas Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor and businessman. He is the twin brother of Cole Sprouse. He is known for his role as Zack Martin on the Disney Channel series The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and its spin-off, The Suite Life on Deck.
He is also the co-founder of a New York brewery called All-Wise Meadery.
References
1992 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Twin people from the United States
Actors from Long Beach, California
Businesspeople from California
Actors from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Auboranges

Auboranges is a municipality in Glane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. The name Auboranges is spoken ()
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Fribourg
Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis is a disease of the digestive system. It is caused by inflammation of pouches (diverticula) in the walls of the bowel. It usually occurs in the large intestine. Diverticula can also be in the upper digestive tract at the level of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine.
Symptoms
Symptoms of diverticulitis depend on the extent of inflammation in the intestine. Diverticulitis can be very painful. The pain is usually present in the lower abdomen on the left side. People with diverticulitis can also have nausea, vomiting, difficulty or pain while passing urine and changes in bowel habits.
Complications
One of the complications of diverticulitis can be the formation of an abscess in the abdominal cavity. The inflammation or infection can then reach the abdominal wall and causes peritonitis. This infection can also spread to other parts of the body such as organs near the intestine, causing sepsis, which is dangerous. In addition, a fistula may form between the intestine and other organs. Diverticulitis may also cause a blockage in the colon.
Prevention
To prevent diverticulitis, it is important to be active and to have a diet rich in fibers. These include eating (fruits, vegetables, legumes and cereals). It is also possible to reduce the risks of diverticulitis in several ways: chew foods before swallowing, defecate as soon as you feel the need, eat less fats and meats, do more physical activities, eat probiotics and drink water regularly.
Diagnosis
To diagnose diverticulitis, it is important to do a barium enema X-ray to see the shape of the intestine wall. Diverticula can be seen with a axial tomographie scan (CT scan). It is also possible to prescribe an abdominal radiograph to indicate if there is a perforation. After the acute phase or absence of acute diverticulitis, the doctor can prescribe a colonoscopy to look at the colon and determine the evolution of the disease.
Surgery
The resection of the colon is the procedure most often used to treat severe diverticulitis. It is also possible to do a resection of the diseased part of the colon and make a colostomy. In fact, if a diverticulitis is too large, a colostomy could be necessary either temporarily or permanently.
References
Diseases and disorders of the digestive system
F.C. BATE Borisov

F.C. BATE Borisov is a football club which plays in Belarus.
Current squad
Honours
Belarusian Premier League
Winners (15): 1999, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
Runners-up (5): 1998, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2019
Third place: 2001
Belarusian Cup
Winners (4): 2005-06, 2009-10, 2014-15, 2019-20
Runners-up (4): 2001-02, 2004-05, 2006-07, 2015-16
Belarusian Super Cup
Winners (7): 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
Runners-up (3): 2012, 2018, 2019
Belarusian Second League
Winners: 1996
Football Championship of the Belarusian SSR
Winners (3): 1974, 1976, 1979
European record
As of August 15, 2019
References
Other websites
1973 establishments in Europe
Belarusian football clubs
Hill Auditorium

Hill Auditorium is the largest performance place on the University of Michigan campus in Ann Arbor in the United States. The auditorium was named after Arthur Hill (1847-1909), who was a regent of the university from 1901 to 1909. He gave 200,000 dollars to the university to build it. Opened in 1913, the auditorium was designed by Albert Kahn and Associates. It was recently fixed up by the same firm beginning in 2002 and was re-opened in 2004.
University of Michigan campus
1913 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Michigan
2002 disestablishments in the United States
Disestablishments in Michigan
2004 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Michigan
Sixty-fourth note

The sixty-fourth note (also called a hemidemisemiquaver or semidemisemiquaver) is a note with a value of of a whole note which is where it gets its name. It has four flags or beams. In the time signature it has a value of of a beat. It is the shortest common note in musical notation
References
"The listener is right to suspect a Baroque reference when a double-dotted rhythmic gesture and semihemidemisemiquaver triplets appear to ornament the theme" (112).
Note values
Robert Brown

Robert Brown FRS FRSE FLS (21 December 1773 - 10 June 1858) was a Scottish botanist.
Brown made important contributions to botany by using the microscope. He made an early description of the cell nucleus and cytoplasmic streaming. He saw Brownian motion in pollen grains. He did early work on plant pollination and fertilisation.
Brown was the first to list the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms. He did some of the earliest studies in palynology. He worked on plant taxonomy. He identified plant families which are still accepted today.
Brown explored Australia with Matthew Flinders. Based on what he saw and collected, he named many Australian plant genera and species. In Western Australia alone he is the author of nearly 1200 species.
After the division of the Natural History Department of the British Museum into three sections in 1837, Robert Brown became the first Keeper of the Botanical Department. He kept this appointment until his death until his death in 1858.
References
1773 births
1858 deaths
Scottish biologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
British botanists
Chris Bauer

Mark Christopher Bauer (born October 28, 1966) is an American actor. He was best known for his television work in The Wire, Third Watch, True Blood, Survivor's Remorse and The Deuce.
References
1956 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Delayed identifications

Delayed identification is a writing technique used in poetry and prose. It happens when actions are described before we are told who is doing them. We read about things that are being done, and only find out who or what is doing them in the next line or even several lines later. It is one way to build suspense in the writing. The reader or listener must be patient if they want to find out who or what is performing this action.
This is a very old technique. It can be found in Biblical writing and in texts from the ancient Near East.
References
Writing
Mordechai Tzipori

Mordechai Tzipori, Hebrew: mrdKHy TSpvry , born as Mordechai Hankovich-Hendin, (September 15, 1924 - May 29, 2017) was an Israeli general and a politician of HaLikud.
Tzipori became a member of Irgun in 1939. From 1945 to 1948 the British detained him in Africa.
In 1948 he joined the Israel Defense Forces. He was educated as an officer and studied at Tel Aviv University.
In the 1960s Tzipori was commanding an armoured battalion, and later on the armor school. In 1971 he became deputy commander of the Armor Corps, in 1973 commander of Command and Staff, and in 1974 deputy head of operations in the general staff. In 1976 he left the army as a lieutenant general.
He entered the Knesset in 1977. From 1977 to 1981 he served also as deputy defense minister in the first and second Begin government, and from 1981 to 1984 also as Minister of Communications in the second Begin Government and the first Shamir Government. In 1984 he left politics.
Afterwards he led the National Insurance Institution.
Tzipori was born in Petah Tikva, Mandatory Palestine. He died at a medical center in Ramat Gan, Israel, at the age of 92.
References
Bio at Knesset Website
1924 births
2017 deaths
Deputy government ministers of Israel
Members of the Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli generals
Israeli nationalists
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish military people
Likud politicians
People from Petah Tikva
Tel Aviv University alumni
Novalis

Novalis is the pseudonym of Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg (May 2, 1772 - March 25, 1801), who was a writer and philosopher of the early German Romanticism.
1772 births
1801 deaths
Writers from Saxony-Anhalt
Lust

Lust is a term for a strong desire or wanting, or maybe even needing, often for sexual acts, although it is also commonly used to talk of a lust for life or a lust for power or for other goals.
As a sexual desire, it is considered a sin (a failing) by Christianity, which lists it as one of the seven deadly sins.
"Lust" was originally an Anglo-Saxon word which meant "desire" or "appetite".
Seven deadly sins
Emotions
Province of Pescara

The province of Pescara () is a province in the Abruzzo region of Southern Italy, along the Adriatic Sea. Its capital is the city of Pescara.
Geography
Pescara is the smallest province in Abruzzo with an area of . The province is bordered to the northeast by the Adriatic Sea, to the north by the province of Teramo, to the east by the province of Chieti, and to the south and west by the province of L'Aquila.
The final part of the Aterno-Pescara river flows through this province; other rivers are smaller and most of them are tributaries of the Aterno-Pescara river. The city of Pescara, the capital of the province, is at the mouth of this river.
The highest mountain in the province is Monte Amaro,() in the Majella massif, Apennines; it is high and is the highest mountain of three provinces: Chieti, L'Aquila and Pescara of the Abruzzo.
Population
There are 321,309 persons living in the province (January 2017), for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population
Municipalities
There are 46 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:
Abbateggio
Alanno
Bolognano
Brittoli
Bussi sul Tirino
Cappelle sul Tavo
Caramanico Terme
Carpineto della Nora
Castiglione a Casauria
Catignano
Cepagatti
Citta Sant'Angelo
Civitaquana
Civitella Casanova
Collecorvino
Corvara
Cugnoli
Elice
Farindola
Lettomanoppello
Loreto Aprutino
Manoppello
Montebello di Bertona
Montesilvano
Moscufo
Nocciano
Penne
Pescara
Pescosansonesco
Pianella
Picciano
Pietranico
Popoli
Roccamorice
Rosciano
Salle
San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore
Sant'Eufemia a Maiella
Scafa
Serramonacesca
Spoltore
Tocco da Casauria
Torre de' Passeri
Turrivalignani
Vicoli
Villa Celiera
The largest comune is Penne, with and the smallest is Cappelle sul Tavo, with . The comune with fewest people living in it is Corvara with 247 inhabitants.
Main comuni
The following table shows the 10 comuni with more inhabitants with their population, and their area and altitude.
Gallery
Related pages
List of comuni of the Province of Pescara
References
Other websites
Province of Pescara official website
Pescara
Stefano Delle Chiaie

Stefano Delle Chiaie (13 September 1936 - 10 September 2019) was an Italian neofascist activist. He was the founder of Avanguardia Nazionale, a member of Ordine Nuovo, and founder of Lega nazionalpopolare.
He was a friend of Licio Gelli, grandmaster of P2 masonic lodge. He was suspected of involvement in South America's Operation Condor, but was acquitted.
Delle Chiaie died on 10 September 2019 at a Rome hospital at the age of 82.
References
Other websites
I segreti del "er caccola" Stefano Delle Chiaie, Andrea Barbato, July 24, 1988
1936 births
2019 deaths
Italian politicians
Italian political activists
Eugene Dynkin

Eugene Borisovich Dynkin (; May 11, 1924 - 14 November 2014) was a Soviet-American mathematician. He worked most in probability and algebra. Dynkin especially worked in semisimple Lie groups, Lie algebras, and Markov processes. The Dynkin diagram, the Dynkin system, and Dynkin's lemma are named for him. Before his death, Dynkin was a mathematician at Cornell University.
Dynkin died at his home in Ithaca, New York, aged 90.
References
1924 births
2014 deaths
Cornell University faculty
American mathematicians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scientists from Saint Petersburg
Russian mathematicians
Scientists from New York (state)
People from Ithaca, New York
Pokémon Sword and Shield

Pokemon Sword and Shield are the first set of games in the eighth generation of the Pokemon series. They released on the Nintendo Switch on November 15, 2019. This is the first Pokemon game to have DLC, being The Isle Of Armor (released June 17, 2020) and The Crown Tundra (released October 22, 2020).
Gameplay
Main Article: Gameplay of Pokemon
Gyms return from previous entries and the combat is the same with new Dynamaxing, which makes the Pokemon larger.
References
2019 video games
Nintendo Switch games
Pokemon RPGs
Centre-Sud Region

Centre-Sud is a region of Burkina Faso. The capital city is Manga. Three provinces make up the region - Bazega, Nahouri, and Zoundweogo.
Regions of Burkina Faso
Period 7 element

A period 7 element is an element in the seventh period (row) of the periodic table. It contains 32 elements, beginning at francium and ending with oganesson. The Actinides are part of this period. They are all really radioactive. As of 2016, period 7 elements are the last period of elements that have been made.
Period 7 elements have electrons in the first seven electron shells. All period 7 elements have one or more electrons in the seventh electron shell (valence electrons). When atomic number increases by one, another electron is added. Two electrons join the 7s orbital, 14 electrons join the 5f orbital, ten electrons join the 6d orbital, and six electrons join the 7p orbitals.
References
Periodic table
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem is a 2023 American computer-animated superhero film. It is based on characters from the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comic books by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird.
Other websites
Electrical machine

An electrical machine is an electrical device that changes energy from one form to another, usually from mechanical energy to electrical energy or from electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Types
An electrical generator changes mechanical energy to electrical energy.
An electrical motor changes electrical energy to mechanical energy.
A transformer changes changes the voltage level of an alternating current.
Electricity
Machines
Frank Thomas

Frank Thomas (born May 27, 1968) is a former American Major League Baseball player who spent most of his career with the Chicago White Sox. Near the end of his career, he also played with the Oakland Athletics and Toronto Blue Jays. He hit his 500th career home run on June 28, 2007. He was the 21st person to hit 500 home runs.
Thomas was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2014, and will officially enter the Hall on July 27.
1968 births
Living people
American baseball players
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Chicago White Sox players
Oakland Athletics players
Toronto Blue Jays players
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
People from Columbus, Georgia
Concertmaster

The Concertmaster (American English) or leader (British English) is the most important violinist in an orchestra. He or she will sit in the front seat, by the conductor's left. The word concertmaster comes from the German Konzertmeister.
The leader will be the highest paid member of the orchestra. He has to decide how the violins will play the music and write in the bowing. He will decide where each member of the violins should sit. He will probably also interview them and offer them the job in the orchestra. He will talk to the conductor about anything the orchestra are not happy about (he may have to remind the conductor when it is time to stop the rehearsal!). If part of the music is marked "solo" then he will play it as a solo while the other violins stop playing.
In the United States it is usual for the concertmaster to be on the platform before the concert and to tell the orchestra to tune their instruments, playing on his A string to give them the correct pitch. In European orchestras it is usually the oboe that gives an A for tuning. In Britain the leader usually comes on stage after the orchestra have tuned, and gets an applause.
Some famous orchestral leaders
of the past:
Arnold Rose (Vienna Philharmonic)
of today:
Gordan Nikolitch (London Symphony Orchestra)
Glenn Dicterow (New York Philharmonic Orchestra)
Peter Manning ( Royal Opera House Orchestra Covent Garden )
Entertainment occupations
Michelau im Steigerwald

Michelau im Steigerwald is a municipality in Schweinfurt in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Schweinfurt (district)
Bricquebec

Bricquebec is a former commune. It is in Normandy in the Manche department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bricquebec-en-Cotentin.
Twin towns
Bricquebec is twinned with:
New Alresford, England, United Kingdom
Lachendorf, Germany
Sremski Karlovci, Serbia
References
Former communes in France
Communes in Manche
Saúl Martínez

Saul Martinez (born 29 January 1976) is a Honduran football player. He plays for Marathon and Honduras national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Long Island Rough Riders||rowspan="2"|USISL A-League||16||3
|-
|1998||25||10
|-
|1999||Miami Fusion||Major League Soccer||15||4
|-
|2000||Hampton Roads Mariners||USL A-League||26||16
|-
|2000/01||Olimpia||Liga Nacional||||
|-
|2000/01||Motagua||Liga Nacional||||
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Nacional||rowspan="2"|Primera Division||6||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="4"|Shanghai Shenhua||rowspan="2"|Jia-A League||20||8
|-
|2003||23||14
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Super League||14||6
|-
|2005||21||6
|-
|2006||Omiya Ardija||J. League 1||3||0
|-
|2006||Shanghai Liancheng||Super League||12||3
|-
|2006/07||Motagua||Liga Nacional||||
|-
|2007||Shanghai Shenhua||Super League||7||2
|-
|2007/08||Herediano||Primera Division||8||1
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Marathon||rowspan="2"|Liga Nacional||||
|-
|2009/10||||
82||33
||
7||0
97||39
3||0
8||1
197||73
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2001||9||3
|-
|2002||2||4
|-
|2003||5||1
|-
|2004||11||2
|-
|2005||1||1
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||3||4
|-
|2008||1||0
|-
|2009||3||1
|-
!Total||35||16
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Honduran footballers
Ultra

Ultra was the name given by British military intelligence for the attack on German military codes in World War II. It included the Enigma machine and, later, the Japanese Purple machine.
The work on Enigma started before the war, when Polish cryptographers smuggled out an Enigma machine to England. The codename 'Ultra', however, was only given to the work in 1941.
Work on understanding the Enigma, and on breaking German military signals, was of vital importance in the Battle of the Atlantic, the greatest threat to Britain during the war. The key event occurred in 1941, when not just a machine, but also a codebook, was got from a German submarine.
Wartime signals intelligence (SIGINT) were got as follows. First of all, encrypted German radio messages in Morse code were recorded in Britain. Their place of origin was got by recording the messages at two different receiving places. The attack on the codes was done at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park.
Ultra became the standard term among the western Allies for all such intelligence. The name arose because the intelligence got was thought more important than the highest British security classification (Most Secret).
References
World War II
Cryptography
Treehouse of Horror (The Simpsons episode)

Treehouse of Horror is the third episode in season 2 of The Simpsons. It was first shown on October 25, 1990. It is the first-ever "Treehouse of Horror" episode and has since been followed by a yearly "Treehouse of Horror" episode. This episode features three stories. The last one is the famous The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe.
Other websites
1990 television episodes
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
Treehouse of Horror
Cross-conjugation

In chemistry, cross-conjugation is a special type of conjugation (a form of connection between two things) in a molecule. When in a set of 3 Pi bonds two pi bonds interact with each other by "conjugation".
References
Other websites
IUPAC definition
Organic chemistry
Christian calendar

A Christian calendar can be any calendar used by various Christian Churches for the Church year, called "liturgical year". For example, it can be used to find out what day Easter will be on, even though it is not the same in every Church.
The church year is divided into seasons like Lent, Easter, Pentecost, Advent and Christmas, with other weeks being seen as ordinary time.
The Gregorian calendar, named after Pope Gregory XIII, is now a civil calendar that is used in many countries around the world.
Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Christians also celebrate Saint's days - here is a Catholic list
calendar
Liturgical calendar
Swip Stolk

Swip Stolk (3 January 1944 - 2 November 2019) was a Dutch graphic designer.
Stolk designed the corporate identity for VARA in the 1970s, including the rooster. He was also the graphic designer of among others the Rembrandt House Museum, Groninger Museum and Dutch stamps. There have been multiple exhibitions of his works. In 1990 he was awarded the H.N. Werkman Award, a typography prize from the city of Amsterdam.
Stolk died on 2 November 2019, aged 75.
References
Dutch designers
Dutch artists
1944 births
2019 deaths
Place of death missing
Baitul Mukarram

Baitul Mukarram (; The holy house) is the national mosque of Bangladesh.
References
Mosques in Bangladesh
Dhaka
National symbols of Bangladesh
Acton, Cheshire

Acton is a village and civil parish in Cheshire, England.
Villages in England
Civil parishes in Cheshire
Settlements in Cheshire
Denmark Strait

The Denmark Strait or Greenland Strait is an oceanic strait between Greenland (to its northwest) and Iceland (to its southeast). The Norwegian island of Jan Mayen is northeast of the strait.
It connects the Greenland Sea, an extension of the Arctic Ocean, to the Irminger Sea, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is long and miles wide at its narrowest.
During World War II, the Battle of the Denmark Strait took place on 24 May 1941.
It is the widest strait of the world found in the American continent.
Straits
Arctic
Geography of Iceland
Geography of Greenland