pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cleveland

Cleveland is a city in northern Eastern Ohio, United States. It is home to over 400,000 people. It was named for General Moses Cleaveland in 1796, but according to legend a mistake in a local newspaper left out the first "a" in its name, which is why it is spelt like it is today. Its metropolitan area makes it the largest urban division in the state.
During the 19th century, Cleveland's location at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and Great Lakes port helped make it an important industrial center of the central United States. During World War II, the city became a center of manufacturing and industry, but deindustrialization caused a decline after that. Cleveland had a major revival in the 1980s and 1990s: The Playhouse Square theaters were restored, new skyscrapers like the BP Building and the Key Tower were built, new stadiums were built, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was opened on the lakefront. After a smaller decline in the 2000s, Cleveland has begun to make another comeback.
Cleveland is home to the Great Lakes Brewing Company and Cleveland Orchestra.
Many professional sports teams make their home in or near Cleveland. They include the Cleveland Indians, who play baseball; the Cleveland Browns, who play football; and the Cleveland Cavaliers, who play basketball. Both the Indians and the Cavaliers have their games at the Gateway District in Downtown while the Browns have a stadium on the shores of Lake Erie. The city's sports teams are known for having not won a major championship from the 1964 NFL Championship Game to the 2016 NBA Finals. The city also hosted the Cleveland Grand Prix IndyCar race until 2008.
Economy
In the past, Cleveland's economy relied on steel mills and manufacturing. Both are still a major part of the city today, but heavy industry in the area is much smaller than it once was. The city is known today for being a big center for medicine and medical technology, and the Cleveland Clinic is one of the most important hospital systems in the country.
Some major large companies are headquartered in the city, including Sherwin Williams Paint, Cliffs Natural Resources, and Key Bank.
Culture
Cleveland is a big center for the performing arts, and is the home of Playhouse Square, the second largest theater district in the United States (the largest is Lincoln Center). The complex was built in the 1920s, and after being closed down were restored and reopened in the 1980s.
The Cleveland Orchestra is considered one of the world's finest, and is one of the "Big Five" in the United States. It plays at Severance Hall, in the University Circle neighborhood. It has a major rock music scene, and is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which is located on the lake in a building designed by IM Pei, a famous architect.
A diverse city, it has vibrant Italian, Irish, African American, Polish, Hungarian, Slovak, Czech, Puerto Rican, Romanian, Jewish, Croatian, and Greek communities, among many others.
References
Other websites
City Of Cleveland Home Page
Greater Cleveland Convention and Visitors Bureau
Encyclopedia Of Cleveland History
Cleveland, Ohio Citizendium
County seats in Ohio
Saab JAS 39 Gripen

The Saab JAS 39 Gripen is a fourth-generation fighter aircraft.
History
It was created by Saab, a Swedish aerospace company, for use in the Swedish Air Force. The decision for a new aircraft system was made by the Minister of Defence, Torsten Gustafsson. It was approved by Parliament in 1982.
Usage
The Gripen is one of the first multi-role combat aircraft that can be used for fighter, attack and reconnaissance missions as well as switching between them during flight, hence the name of the JAS 39. 'J' stands for the initial of the Swedish language word for "Hunting", meaning attack against air targets, "attack" to attack ground and sea targets, and 'S' stands for the Swedish word for "reconnaissance", to take photos and films. The name Gripen is the result of a contest held in the early 1980s, and means 'griffin'.
The Gripen aircraft fighter system has for years been the backbone in the Swedish air force. Recently the Swedish government decided to acquire the latest version of the system, Gripen E, and Saab signed an agreement with the Swedish Defence Material Administration about development and modification of Gripen E.
Military aircraft
Sweden
West St. Paul, Minnesota

West St. Paul is a city in Dakota County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Ali Eisner

Ali Eisner (born 13 May 1973) is a puppeteer, writer, musician and composer on/for children's television. She can currently be seen on Kids' CBC as "Mamma Yamma" (a fry cook who lives in Kensington Market), on TVO Kids as "Jay" the Blue Jay, and as "Banjo" on PBS's The Let's Go Show.
Other websites
Canadian entertainers
Canadian musicians
Living people
1973 births
Yücel Erten

Yucel Erten (born 19 October 1945, Mus), is Turkish actor, director, art director, writer, translator.
Biography
Born in Mus in 1945, Erten had his primary and secondary education in Antalya and Ankara. In 1969 he graduated from Ankara State Conservatory Theater Department. He started as a trainee artist at the Ankara State Theater.
In 1970, he went to Federal Germany to study at state universities and completed the Reji Department of the Essen Folkwang High School. At the same time, he finished his education in Interior-Costume interior specialization at school.
During his studies in Germany; Zuricher Schauspielhaus in Switzerland, Staatstheater Hannover in Germany, Staedtische Buhnen Essen and Buhne as assistant director and assistant director in 1964. In 1974 Erten returned to his home country, completing the "Folkwang Award" by playing a performance with his diploma.
From October 1992, Erten worked for 16 months in the State Teatroller as General Manager and Principal. He resigned with the General Directorate in order to implement electoral methods.
Filmography
Yorgun Savasci, 1979, Halit Refig
Kurtulus 1996, Ziya Oztan
Cumhuriyet, Film 1998, Ziya Oztan
Salkim Hanimin Taneleri, Film, 1999, Tomris Giritlioglu
Sana Bayiliyorum, TV Series Show TV, 2002, Aram Gulyuz-Ilyas Ilbey
Korfez Atesi, ATV, 2005, Safak Bakkalbasioglu
Ilk Ask, 2006, Nihat Durak
Yemin, Dizi Fox TV, 2007 - 08 Sadullah Celen
Garp, Film, 2008, Emre Mirza
Elveda Rumeli,, 2009, Serdar Akar
Kavsak, Film, 2010, Selim Demirdelen
Bitmeyen Sarki, , 2010, Sadullah Celen-Yasemin Turkmenli
Tozlu Yollar, 2013, Ozer Kiziltan - Kudret Sabanci
Karadayi, TV Series, 2013, Uluc Bayraktar - Cem Karci
Burhan Bey'in Kisa Bir Hikayesi, Film,, 2014, Selcuk Ozgul
Bir Cenaze, film, 2014, Mamikoglu
Ses Ver, film, 2015, Gulay Kucuk
Deliormanli, Film, 2015-16, Murat Seker
References
Other websites
1945 births
Living people
Turkish actors
Sagamihara, Kanagawa

Sagamihara (, Sagamihara-shi?) is a city in Japan. It is in north central Kanagawa Prefecture, bordering Tokyo, Japan. It is the third most populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki.
The main areas of commercial activity in Sagamihara are around Hashimoto Station on the JR Yokohama Line and Keio Sagamihara Line, Sagamihara Station on the JR Yokohama Line, and Sagami-Ono Station on the Odakyu Odawara Line.
Cities in Kanagawa Prefecture
Roberto De Vicenzo

Roberto De Vicenzo (14 April 1923 - 1 June 2017) was an Argentine professional golfer. He won more than 230 tournaments worldwide in his career including eight on the PGA Tour and most famously the 1967 Open Championship. He was born in Villa Ballester, Argentina.
De Vicenzo died on 1 June 2017 in Buenos Aires, Argentina at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
World Golf Hall of Fame profile
Profile on about.com
1923 births
2017 deaths
Argentine sportspeople
Golfers
Sunninghill Park

Sunninghill Park was a country house and estate of about directly north of Cheapside.
The early 19th century house burned down in 1947 and a replacement was built in the grounds during the final years of the 1980s to be the official residence of the Duke of York from 1990 until 2004; it was sold in 2007. The house fell into disrepair and was demolished in 2016.
First house
Sunninghill Park was originally part of Windsor Forest until 1630, when King Charles I granted it to Thomas Carey. The first significant house was built on the estate in the late Georgian period in the early 19th century, being a stucco building of two stories with later additions.
It served as the headquarters of the American Ninth Air Force from November 1943 to September 1944. The Crown Estate Commissioners purchased the property from Philip Hill in 1945. The main house was to be occupied by Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and her future husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, after their wedding in November 1947. However, the house burned down on 30 August 1947 before their wedding, so they rented Windlesham Moor instead. In the mid-1960s, the site was considered for a new home for Princess Margaret.
Second house
In 1986, the walled garden of was purchased from the Crown Estate Commissioners on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II. Construction commenced on a two-storey red brick house the following year, for it to be the home of the Duke and Duchess of York and was completed in 1990.
Following the death of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 2002, it was announced that the Duke of York was to be designated her former home Royal Lodge, Windsor instead. The Duke of York and his former wife shared the family's home until 2004, when he moved to the Royal Lodge, the refurbishment of which was funded by taking out a mortgage on Sunninghill Park. The Duchess of York moved out in 2006.
The house fell into an increasing state of disrepair. By 2009, it had "doors hanging open, weeds sprouting through the terrace paving, windows broken, grass growing through the cover over the empty swimming pool, peeling paintwork and a general air of dereliction." In July 2009, Bracknell Forest Borough Council were said to be considering seizing the property under the Housing Act 2004 and using it as a homeless shelter, following several reported break-ins. In 2013 the owner was granted planning permission to demolish it and replace it with a larger house, and in 2014, photos showed the former royal home appeared to be seriously dilapidated. Demolition was temporarily halted when more than 100 bats were found roosting under its roof, before its actual demolition.
References
Other websites
Pathe film of the first house after it was destroyed by fire
Royal residences in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in Berkshire
Robert M. Carter

Robert Merlin "Bob" Carter (9 March 1942 - 19 January 2016) was a British-born Australian palaeontologist and stratigrapher. He was best known for his strong doubt about the state of climate change in Australia. He was professor and head of the School of Earth Sciences at James Cook University from 1981 to 1998.
Carter was born in England on 9 March 1942. He moved to New Zealand in 1956. He graduated at the University of Otago in 1963 and the University of Cambridge in 1968. He was married to Anne Carter.
Carter died from problems caused by a heart attack on 19 January 2016 in Townsville, Queensland. He was 73.
References
1942 births
2016 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Australian academics
Australian scientists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Queensland
British geologists
British palaeontologists
Otto Bräutigam

Otto Brautigam was a German lawyer and was involved with the Holocaust. He was also a member of Auswartiges Amt. He died in 1992.
Nazi Germany
German lawyers
1992 deaths
Allen Weinstein

Allen Weinstein (September 1, 1937 - June 18, 2015) was an American historian, educator, and federal official. He served in several different offices. He served as the Archivist of the United States from February 16, 2005 until his resignation on December 19, 2008. After his resignation, he returned to the International Foundation for Electoral Systems as the election organization's senior strategist and to the University of Maryland as a history professor.
Weinstein died of pneumonia in Gaithersburg, Maryland, aged 77.
References
1937 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Archivists of the United States
People with Parkinson's disease
People from New York City
List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland

This is a list of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland with cultural and natural heritage in Switzerland that are in UNESCO's World Heritage List.
Currently, eleven properties are on the World Heritage List. Eight of these are cultural properties and three are natural properties. The first three were added to the list in 1983 and the latest in 2011.
Sites
References
Switzerland-related lists
Switzerland
428

Year 428 (CDXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Events
Roman Empire
Bonifacius, Roman governor of Africa, asks for help from the Vandals in his revolt.
Flavius Felix is elected consul for the Western Empire.
Europe
King Gunderic, age 49, dies after a reign of 21 years. He is succeeded by his half-brother Genseric.
King Vortigern asks Germanic warriors to help him strengthen his position in Britain. He hires Saxons as mercenaries to fight against the Picts and the Scots beyond Hadrian's Wall.
Chlodio, king of the Salian Franks, invades Northern Gaul. He defeats the Roman army at Cambrai. He extends his kingdom south to the River Somme. Tournai (modern Belgium) becomes his residence.
Asia
Artaxias IV, last king of Greater Armenia, is deposed by Bahram V. The Arshakuni Dynasty ends and the kingdom becomes a province of the Persian Empire.
By topic
Astronomy
October 26 - The planet Venus occults the planet Jupiter.
Religion
April 10 - Nestorius is made patriarch of Constantinople. He preaches a new doctrine that will be called Nestorianism. It comes under immediate attack from pope Celestine I and Cyril of Alexandria.
Hydatius becomes bishop of Aquae Flaviae in Gallaecia (modern Chaves) in Portugal.
John succeeds Theodotus as patriarch of Antioch, and gives his support to Nestorius.
Euthymius the Great builds a monastery in Palestine, near the Dead Sea.
Births
Tuoba Huang, prince of the Xianbei state Northern Wei (d. 451)
Deaths
Gunderic, king of the Vandals and Alans (b. 379)
Qifu Chipan, prince of the Xianbei state Western Qin
Theodore of Mopsuestia, bishop and theologian
References
428
Kamrieng District

Kamrieng District () is a district (srok) of Battambang Province, in north-western Cambodia.
Administration
The district is subdivided into 6 communes (khum).
Communes and villages
References
Articles containing Khmer-language text
Duisburg

Duisburg (; , Ripuarian: Duisburch, Low Franconian: Duusborg) is a German city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is where the Rhine and the Ruhr rivers meet. About 500,000 people live in Duisburg.
References
Other websites
Imperial free cities
Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Dusseldorf
Inés Arrimadas

Ines Arrimadas Garcia (; born 3 July 1981) is a Spanish lawyer and politician. She has been a member of the Congress of Deputies since 2019 and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress. In 2020, she was elected party leader.
References
1981 births
Living people
Spanish politicians
Ashmore and Cartier Islands

The Territory of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands () is the collective name for two groups of small low-lying uninhabited tropical islands. The islands are in the Indian Ocean north-west of Australia and south of the Indonesian island of Roti. The Australian mainland is about to the southwest, the island of Timor (and Roti next to it) is about to the north.
The territory includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island east with, a total area of within the reefs and including the lagoons, and of dry land. They have a long coastline, over , but there are no ports or harbours, only offshore anchorage. Nearby Hibernia Reef, northeast of Ashmore Reef, is not part of the territory, because it has no permanently dry land area, although large parts of the reef become exposed during low tide.
Government
The territory is administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment and Heritage. Therefore, it is a dependency within the commonwealth. The islands are visited by seasonal caretakers.
Images
References
Commonwealth dependent states
States and territories of Australia
Islands of Australia
Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan

Tuanku Sir Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad (Jawi: ; 24 August 1895 - 1 April 1960) was the first Paramount Ruler or Yang di-Pertuan Agong of the Federation of Malaya, eighth Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Seri Menanti and second Yang di-Pertuan Besar of modern Negeri Sembilan.
1895 births
1960 deaths
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Malaysian politicians
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Karl Miller

Karl Fergus Connor Miller (2 August 1931 - 24 September 2014) was a British literary editor, critic and writer. He was a founding editor of the London Review of Books from 1979 until 1992. Before this, he was an editor of The Listener magazine from 1963 until 1973. He later reviewed works by writers such as J. G. Ballard, Robert Burns, Graham Greene, Ted Hughes and Ian McEwan for The Times Literary Supplement.
Miller was born in the small town of Straiton, Loanhead in Midlothian to the south of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. He studied in both Edinburgh and at Downing College of the University of Cambridge. He was married to Jane Collet. They had three children: two sons, Daniel and Sam, and a daughter, Georgia.
Miller died on 24 September 2014 at his home in North London, aged 83.
References
Other websites
Karl Miller at Faber and Faber
1931 births
2014 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Biographers
Academics of the University of London
British essayists
British journalists
Literary critics
Scottish writers
People from Midlothian
Eugene Wright

Eugene Joseph Wright (May 29, 1923 - December 30, 2020) was an American jazz bassist. He was a member of the Dave Brubeck Quartet.
Wright died on December 30, 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 97.
References
1923 births
2020 deaths
American bass guitarists
American jazz musicians
Musicians from Chicago
Archaefructus

Archaefructus is an extinct genus of herbaceous aquatic seed plants. Its fossils come from the Yixian Formation in northeastern China, about 125 million years ago in the early Cretaceous. Archaefructus is the earliest known genus of flowering plants.
It lacks sepals and petals. Its reproductive organs, carpels and stamens, are produced on an elongate stem rather than condensed into a flower as in modern angiosperms. Archaefructaceae has been proposed as a new basal angiosperm family.
An alternate interpretation of the same fossil has the long stem as an inflorescence rather than a flower, with staminate (male) flowers below and pistillate (female) flower above. The discovery of Archaefructus eoflora supports this interpretation, because a bisexual flower is present between staminate and pistillate organs. If this is correct, Archaefructus may not be basal within angiosperms, but it may be close to the Nymphaeales or the basal eudicots.
References
Flowering plants
Cretaceous
Fossil plants
Extinct plants
Jeralean Talley

Jeralean Talley (nee Kurtz; May 23, 1899 - June 17, 2015) was an American supercentenarian who was, at the age of 116 years, 25 days, the verified world's oldest living person.
She was previously thought to be the oldest living American, from the death of Elsie Thompson on March 21, 2013 until Gertrude Weaver was verified to be older in July 2014. Upon Weaver's death on April 6, 2015, Talley became the world's oldest living person evidence of their age.
Talley is the oldest validated person ever born in the U.S. state of Georgia.
Related pages
List of American supercentenarians
References
1899 births
2015 deaths
African-American supercentenarians
People from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Michigan
Novi, Michigan

Novi ( ) is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 55,224. The city is located about northwest of the center of Detroit. It is about northeast of the center of Ann Arbor.
References
Cities in Michigan
Ryosuke Nakajima

Ryosuke Nakajima (born 28 April 1988) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
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|2007||rowspan="2"|Jubilo Iwata||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
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References
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Gifu Prefecture
DJ Jazzy Jeff

Jeffrey Allen Townes (born January 22, 1965), also known as DJ Jazzy Jeff, is an American record producer of hip hop and R&B. He is best known for taking part at the beginning of his career with Will Smith as DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince.
DJ Jazzy Jeff graduated from the John Bartram High School in Philadelphia where his name is inscribed as one of the students outstanding.
DJ Jazzy Jeff is not to be confused with MC Jazzy Jeff, which, in fact, filed and won a lawsuit over the name Jazzy Jeff against Jeff Townes when Jive Records signed DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince.
He also participated in the series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air as Jazz, making an appearance in several chapters.
Personal life
Jeff married Lynette C. Jackson on July 31, 2010. He has two sons.
References
Other websites
- official site
1965 births
Living people
Musicians from Philadelphia
Actors from Philadelphia
Tiffany Young

Stephanie Young Hwang (Korean name: Hwang Mi-young; Hangul: hwangmiyeong; Hanja: Huang Mei Ying ; born August 1, 1989) is an American singer and dancer. She is known by her Stage name Tiffany or Tiffany Young. She was born in California, but moved to South Korea at the age of fifteen to start a music career. She became a member of the girl group Girls' Generation.
On August 15th, 2016, she was heavily criticized by Korean social media because she posted a Confederate Japanese flag on the Korean Liberation Day.
References
Other websites
by S.M. Entertainment
South Korean singers
Singers from California
1989 births
Living people
K-pop singers
La Belle, Missouri

La Belle is a city in Lewis County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Nikki van der Zyl

Monica "Nikki" van der Zyl (27 April 1935 - 6 March 2021) was a German voice-over artist. She was known for her dubbing work on the James Bond movie series.
Van der Zyl died on 6 March 2021 in London from problems caused by a stroke, aged 85.
References
Other websites
Official website
1935 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from stroke
German movie actors
German television actors
German voice actors
German stage actors
Actors from Berlin
2020 United States Senate election in South Carolina

An election happened on November 3, 2020, to elect a Senator from the U.S. state of South Carolina. The three people in the election were Lindsey Graham (Republican Party), Jaime Harrison (Democratic Party) and Bill Bledsoe (Constitution Party). Lindsey Graham won reelection for the fourth time. Jamie Harrison got more money for his campaign than any other politician.
There was two primary elections held on June 9, 2020. Lindsey Graham easily won the Republican Party primary and Jamie Harrison won the Democratic Party primary election.
Republican Party primary
Democratic Party primary
Jamie Harrison won the primary and Gloria Bromell Tinubu, William Stone, and Justin Wooton all stopped their race before the primary.
Results
References
2020 United States Senate elections
South Carolina
Courdimanche

Courdimanche is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Maipo (river)

The Maipo is a river that flows from east to west through the Santiago Metropolitan and the Valparaiso regions in central Chile. It flows just south ot the national capital, Santiago, and ends in the Pacific Ocean.
The Maipo river is one of the main river of Chile an is an important source of irrigation and potable water for the region.
Geography
The Maipo river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .
Course
The Maipo river starts on the Andes, in the place called Los Nacimientos, on the side of the Maipo volcano, in the San Jose de Maipo commune (Santiago Metropolitan Region), at an elevation of about .
From its start, the river flows to the northwest through the Cajon del Maipo, a canyon; the El Volcan and Yeso rivers join the Maio before San Jose de Maipo near the town of San Gabriel and as right tributaries. After the city of San Jose de Maipo the river is joined, also as a right tributary, by the Colorado river and then turns to the southwest.
After a total of about , Maipo river leaves the Andes to the south of Puente Alto, still at near of altitude above sea level, and gets into the Maipo valley. Near Talagante, after flowing through the city of Santiago, the Mapocho river joins, as a right tributary, the Maipo river.
After crossing the coastal mountains, the Maipo gets to the town of Llolleo, just south of the port city of San Antonio, where it flows into the Pacific Ocean.
Main tributaries
Most of the tributaries of the Maipo river join:
Left tributaries:
Clarillo -
Right tributaries:
El Volcan-
Yeso -
Colorado -
Mapocho -
Uses
In the upper part, the Maipo is used to produce hydroelectricity. The Cajon del Maipo is a popular tourist region, mainly for water sports like rafting.
In the Maipo valley, grapes are produced with the water of the river and the valley is a very important wine region.
Gallery
Related pages
List of rivers of Chile
References
Other websites
Cuenca Rio Maipo
Rivers of Chile
Presbyterian Church in Ireland

The Presbyterian Church in Ireland is the largest Presbyterian church in Ireland and the biggest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland. It has over 225,000 members, represented by over 500 congregations.
References
Presbyterianism
Organizations based in Ireland
Master (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

The Master is a fictional vampire that appears in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and the spin-off Angel. He was played by Mark Metcalf and is the first Big Bad of the Buffy series.
Fictional biography
The Master is an elderly vampire who has been the head of a Hellmouth underneath Sunnydale High School. He killed Buffy but she was resurrected by Angel. Buffy later killed him, ending the Order of Arelius.
Reception
The Master was seen as a good Big Bad for the show.
Angel (TV series) characters
Buffy the Vampire Slayer characters
Buffyverse vampires
Fictional characters introduced in 1997
Kuusamo

Kuusamo is a town in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It is in the eastern part of Lapland. Kuusamo has an area of . As of January 2014, it had a population of almost 16,000 people. Neighbouring municipalities are Posio, Salla, Suomussalmi and Taivalkoski. Oulanka National Park is in the areas of Kuusamo and Salla.
There is also an airport in Kuusamo.
Other websites
The official Kuusamo page
Towns in Finland
Municipalities of North Ostrobothnia
Lapland
2023 Emilia-Romagna floods

The 2023 Emilia-Romagna floods were a series of floods in and around the cities of Bologna, Cesena, Forli, Ravenna, and Rimini, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The first floods happened between 2 and 3 May 2023, killing two people. Heavy secondary floods happened on 16-17 May 2023, killing at least 14 people and displacing 20,000 others. The usual amount of rain that falls in seven months fell in two weeks which made twenty-three rivers to overflow causing the floods.
Effects
On 17 May, Stefano Bonaccini, the president of Emilia-Romagna said that "in the last 24 hours, more than 300 millimeters of rain have fallen" and described the floods as a "catastrophic event, never seen before".Later on, Bonaccini compared it the impact to the 2012 Emilia earthquakes, saying that the damage was likely to be less significant but would still cost the region billions of euros to repair. Lucia Mercalli, president of the Italian Meteorological Society, said that "two records were broken in 15 days in the same region. An event that occurred on 2 May might happen once in a century, but then other one hit the same areas only 15 days later."
Relief Efforts
Emergency operations were carried out in response to the flood, including members of the Italian Red Cross, various armed and police forces, Protezione Civile and the Carabinieri. The state-owned energy company Enel made a task-force that would cooperate with local companies and forces to restore electricity to the affected areas.
References
2023 disasters
2023 in Europe
2020s disasters in Europe
2020s floods
2020s in Italy
Disasters in Italy
2023 floods
May 2023 events
Quitman, Georgia

Quitman is a city in and the county seat of Brooks County, Georgia, United States. The population was 3,850 at the 2010 census. The Quitman Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
References
County seats in Georgia
Alfred Moisiu

Alfred Spiro Moisiu (; born 1 December 1929) is an Albanian politician. He was the fourth President of the Republic of Albania from 2002-2007. He is the eldest son of famed Albanian Army general Spiro Moisiu.
Honors
Knight Grand Cross of the Croatian Grand Order of King Tomislav (, July 2, 2007), "For outstanding contribution to the promotion of friendship and development co-operation between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Albania."
Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great (27 March 2007)
Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
References
Other websites
Photo
1929 births
Living people
Presidents of Albania
Nadia Boulanger

Juliette Nadia Boulanger (; 16 September 188722 October 1979) was a French music teacher and conductor. She taught many of the leading composers and musicians of the 20th century, and also performed occasionally as a pianist and organist.
She grew up in a musical family. Her first success was when she was at the Conservatoire de Paris. She believed, that she had no talent as a composer, she gave up that path. She became a teacher instead. As a teacher, she had a large influence on many young copmosers of the 20th century. Most of them were from the United States and other English-speaking countries. Among her students were people who later became important composers, soloists, arrangers and conductors. Some of them were Grazyna Bacewicz, Burt Bacharach, Daniel Barenboim, Lennox Berkeley, Idil Biret, Elliott Carter, Aaron Copland, John Eliot Gardiner, Philip Glass, Roy Harris, Quincy Jones, Dinu Lipatti, Igor Markevitch, Astor Piazzolla, and Virgil Thomson.
Boulanger taught in the US and England. She worked with music academies including the Juilliard School, the Yehudi Menuhin School, the Longy School, the Royal College of Music and the Royal Academy of Music. For most of her life, she was in her family's flat in Paris, where she taught for most of the seven decades from the start of her career until her death at the age of 92.
Boulanger was the first woman to conduct many major orchestras in America and Europe, including the BBC Symphony, Boston Symphony, Halle, and Philadelphia orchestras. She conducted several world premieres, including works by Copland and Stravinsky.
Honours and awards
1932 Chevalier to the Legion d'honneur
1934 Order of Polonia Restituta
1962 Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1962 Howland Memorial Prize
1975 Medaille d'Or of the Academie des Beaux-Arts of the Institut de France
1977 Grand officier to the Legion d'honneur
1977 Order of the British Empire
1977 Order of St. Charles of Monaco
1977 Order of the Crown of Belgium
Notes
References
(subscription or UK public library membership required)
Other websites
www.nadiaboulanger.org
The American Conservatory at Fontainebleau
Songs by Nadia Boulanger at The Art Song Project
Free scores by Nadia Boulanger at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
http://www.openculture.com/2018/04/meet-nadia-boulanger.html
French Roman Catholics
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery, Paris
Musicians from Paris
1979 deaths
1887 births
Articles with hAudio microformats
Mount Sinai

Mount Sinai ( Har Sinai; Aramaic: twr' dsyny Tura` Dsyny), also known as Jabal Musa (, translation: Mount Moses), is a mountain on the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is possibly the place where Moses was given the Ten Commandments, according to the Torah, Bible, and Quran, .
It is a high mountain near the city of Saint Catherine in the region known today as the Sinai Peninsula. The mountain is surrounded on all sides by higher peaks in its mountain range. It is next to Mount Catherine which, at , is the highest peak in Egypt.
References
Mountains of Asia
Geography of Egypt
Bible
Quran
Torah
Aage Niels Bohr

Aage Niels Bohr (19 June 1922, Copenhagen - 8 September 2009, Copenhagen) was a Danish physicist and the fourth son of Margrethe Bohr and Niels Bohr. He won the Nobel Prize in 1975 for his works in physics: he discovered the connection of the collective motion and the single-motion particle in the atomic nucleus, and also for the development of the nuclear structure. He was a professor at University of Copenhagen.
References
1922 births
2009 deaths
Scientists from Copenhagen
Danish physicists
Jackson Bidei

Jackson Bidei is a retired wrestler from Nigeria. Jackson competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 10 October 1957.
References
Other websites
1957 births
Living people
Nigerian Olympians
Wrestlers
Bořek Šípek

Borek Sipek (14 June 1949 - 13 February 2016) was a known Czech architect and designer. He was born in Prague. Sipek was known for his individual, unusual, colorful and rich style. He experiments with unexpected and often weird shapes. Sipek has been called the father of "neo-baroque". His architectural works and other designs are known worldwide.
He was the architect of Prague Castle under the presidency of Vaclav Havel, and designed Havel's Place. Sipek was knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He had three sons, one of them with Leona Machalkova.
Sipek died on 13 February 2016 from cancer in Prague. He was aged 66.
References
1949 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in the Czech Republic
Czech people
Architects
People from Prague
The Blue Notebook

The Blue Notebook () is a 1963 Soviet drama movie directed by Lev Kulidzhanov. It stars Mikhail Kuznetsov, Mark Nikelberg, and Nikolay Lebedev.
Actors
Mikhail Kuznetsov as V.I. Lenin
Mark Nikelberg as Zinovyev
Nikolay Lebedev as Nikolay Aleksandrovich Emelyanov
Aleksandr Paleev as Sverdlov
Vasiliy Livanov as Dzherzhinsky
Boris Tokarev as Kondratiy
References
Other websites
Russian drama movies
1963 drama movies
Movies directed by Lev Kulidzhanov
Northern Catalonia

Northern Catalonia (, ) is a name that sometimes is used, mainly in Catalan writings, to refer to the territory given to France by Spain in 1659. The area corresponds approximately to the modern French departement of the Pyrenees-Orientales.
The French name, Catalogne Nord, is used nowadays, although less often than the more politically neutral Roussillon (in reference to the pre-Revolutionary province). Sometimes French Catalonia is also used.
Geography
Northern Catalonia forms a triangle between the Pyrenees to the south, the Corbieres to the north-west and the Mediterranean Sea to the east. The Plain of Roussillon in the east, by far the area where more people live, is formed by the floodplains of the Tech, Tet and Agly rivers (). The districts of Vallespir and Conflent cover the upper valleys of the Tech and the Tet respectively. The mountain Le Canigou (), , dominates much of the territory.
The climate is of the Mediterranean type, with hot, dry summers and winters which are relatively mild, at least on the Roussillon plain where snow is rare.
More of a quarter of the population of Northern Catalonia is in the city of Perpignan (). Perpignan is the only important administrative and service centre. Roads and trains run north-south through Northern Catalonia between France and Spain.
Languages
French is the only official language in France as whole and in these municipalities. Catalan, in its Northern Catalan variety, is recognized as a regional language only by the region of Languedoc-Roussilon. It is estimated to be spoken by a quarter of the population, but understood by a higher percentage.
In 1700, the government of Louis XIV prohibited the use of the Catalan language in official documents.
In the 1950s, after centuries of being forbidden in education, the Catalan language was permitted to be studied for one hour per week in secondary school. In the 1970s, the Arrels Association and Bressola network of private schools started to offer complete bilingual French/Catalan classes from nursery up to secondary education.
On December 10, 2007, the General Council of the Pyrenees-Orientales recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department, alongside French and Occitan (in Fenouilledes), with the goal to further promote it in public life and education.
References
Other websites
"Catalunya del Nord" from the Enciclopedia catalana
Qui som els catalans del nord? (Who are we Northern Catalans?)
Pyrenees-Orientales
Alfred Miodowicz

Alfred Miodowicz (June 28, 1929 - September 17, 2021) was a Polish politician and trade union activist. He was born in Poznan, Poland.
Miodowicz was a member of communist Polish United Workers Party. He held posts in the State National Council, Central Committee and Political Bureau. He was also the leader of the All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions and took part in the Polish Round Table Agreement.
Miodowicz died on September 17, 2021 at the age of 92.
References
1929 births
2021 deaths
Polish politicians
Polish activists
People from Poznan
Trade unionists
Ekerö Municipality

Ekero Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Ekero.
References
Other websites
Ekero Municipality
Ekero Municipality
Middle East

The Middle East is a large area of land in the eastern hemisphere. The lands of the Arabian Peninsula and some of the lands of the eastern Mediterranean are part of the Middle East. The Middle East's population is mostly Muslim. The name of the Middle East comes from its position to the east of Europe and to the west of the Far East.
It is normal for the modern countries of Arabia (Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates) to be counted with the modern countries of Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine (the State of Palestine and Israel) as part of the Middle East.
The name "Middle East" does not always have the same meaning, and the size of the area is not always the same. When the name Middle East started to be common, it was the name for the lands in between the Near East and the Far East. The Indian subcontinent was part of the Middle East at that time. Now, parts of south-west Asia and northern Africa can count as the Middle East. The land between Egypt and Iran is a common definition. Many countries in the Middle East today are also part of the Near East. Sometimes, people name countries that are far away from these countries as countries in the Middle East. These countries can be in North Africa (like Morocco) and the Indian subcontinent (like Pakistan). This area also has the name Greater Middle East.
Many ancient civilizations began in the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East. These were Sumer, Babylonia and Assyria in the area called Mesopotamia. The Abrahamic religions that believe in one God also started in the Middle East. (Judaism and Christianity began in ancient Palestine and Islam began in Arabia.) Today, the Middle East is the homeland of Arabs, Turks, Persians, Kurds, and Jews, among many other ethnic groups. Islam is the most common religion in the Middle East. Islam came to most of the Middle East's lands in the 7th century AD, during the first Muslim conquests of the Sasanian Empire and of the Roman Empire's lands.
Today, the Middle East is very important because much of the petroleum that other countries use comes from here. There are also many arguments and wars, such as the conflict between Sunni and Shia, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the Syrian civil war.
Related pages
Western Asia
Central Asia
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
References
Hyde amendment

The Hyde amendment is a law in the United States. It stops the use of federal funds for abortions in the country.
References
Court cases and laws about abortion
United States federal legislation
Eve (rapper)

Eve Jihan Jeffers (born November 10, 1978), better known as Eve, is an American rapper, songwriter and actress. She was the first winner of the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002 for the song "Let Me Blow Ya Mind", with Gwen Stefani. In 2002 her album Scorpion was also nominated for Best Rap Album.
Career
Eve released her first album Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady in 1999. It went straight to number one in the American album chart. It was the third album by a female rap artist to reach number one in the United States.
In 2001 Eve's second album Scorpion was released. It entered the American album chart at number four. Eve won Best Female Hip-Hop Artist at the Black Entertainment Awards.
In 2002 Eve's third album, Eve-Olution, was released. Two singles were released from the album. The first single "Gangsta Lovin" is a song sung with Alicia Keys. It reached number two in the American singles chart.
Eve was on the remix of Michael Jackson's 2002 single "Butterflies".
In 2003 Eve started acting in a sitcom called Eve. The show was stopped in 2006. There were 66 episodes.
Eve rapped on Gwen Stefani's 2004 single "Rich Girl". It reached number seven in the Billboard 100. She rapped on "Never", Keyshia Cole's first single, in 2005.
In 2007 Eve released the single "Tambourine". She also rapped on Kelly Rowland's single "Like This". It reached number four in the UK Singles Chart. That year Eve started to make her fourth album.
Eve was in the 2009 documentary Good Hair.
She presented the MTV Africa Music Awards 2010. She rapped on Guy Sebestian's single "Who's That Girl". It reached number one in Australia and New Zealand.
In 2013 Eve's fourth album, Lip Lock, was released. The album included appearances from fellow rappers Missy Elliott and Snoop Dogg. On August 23, 2013 Eve started The Lip Lock Tour.
Discography
Studio albums
Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady (1999)
Scorpion (2001)
Eve-Olution (2002)
Lip Lock (2013)
References
1978 births
2023 deaths
Living people
African American actors
African American musicians
American rappers
Grammy Award winners
American songwriters
American hip hop singers
American hip hop musicians
American contemporary R&B singers
American R&B singers
American R&B musicians
Rappers
Formal verification

Formal verification is the process used to prove that a piece of software or hardware works according to its specification. Formal verification uses a mathematical proof. Systems such as those used in robots, or airplanes need to be proved correct, before they can be used.
Mathematics
Rosnay-l'Hôpital

Rosnay-l'Hopital is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Communes in Aube
Christine Goodfellow

Christine Goodfellow (8 November 1938 - 13 July 1985) was a British track and road cyclist. At the British National Road Race Championships she won the silver medal in 1966 and bronze medals in 1973 and 1974. At the British National Time Trial Championships she won the silver medal in 1972.
Goodfellow died on 13 July 1985.
A time trial race was named after her.
References
Other websites
Women Cyclists | Time Trial (ttlegends.org)
1938 births
1985 deaths
British cyclists
Phytoplasma

Phytoplasmas are a type of parasitic bacteria. They are pathogens of economically important plants, including coconut, sugarcane, and sandalwood.
They are obligate parasites of plant phloem tissue. Their vectors are insects which inject then into the plant cells. They were discovered by scientists in 1967 and were named mycoplasma-like organisms or MLOs. They cannot be grown in vitro (in laboratory conditions), and that limits the information about them. They are described by the special term "Candidatus", reserved for such difficult organisms.
References
Bacteria
QI

QI (Quite Interesting) is a British comedy television quiz show. It is now hosted by Sandi Toksvig who took over from Stephen Fry. There are four contestants in each show, of whom one is always Alan Davies. The shows' series are lettered (not numbered as most television shows are), for example the first series is Series A. To begin with, QI was shown on BBC Two but was moved to BBC One for Series F.
Other websites
2003 British television series debuts
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
British comedy television series
British television game shows
Panel games
Jacques Arcadelt

Jacques Arcadelt (also called Jacob Arcadelt) (born probably in Liege, 1504 or 1505; died Paris, 14 October 1568) was a Franco-Flemish composer in the Renaissance period. He was an extremely popular composer of madrigals and chansons.
We know hardly anything about his early life, but we know he was living in Rome by 1539 when he was made a member of the Julian Chapel. Soon he joined the Sistine Chapel, where he had the job of "magister puerorum" (director of the boys choir), and later he became choirmaster. In the same year he published four of his total of six books of madrigals for four voices. Probably around 1553 he moved to France, where he spent the rest of his life. He wrote a very large number of chansons (French songs). He also wrote some masses.
Arcadelt's music became extremely popular because it was quite simple and easy to sing with beautiful melodies that people could remember. One very famous madrigal is called Il bianco e dolce cigno (The white and gentle swan). The style of Arcadelt's music influenced the next generation of madrigal composers.
1500s births
1568 deaths
Arcadelt, Jacques
Arcadelt, Jacques
Jerry Remy

Gerald Peter Remy, commonly known as Jerry Remy, (November 8, 1952 - October 30, 2021) was an American Major League Baseball broadcaster and Major League Baseball second baseman. An all-star second baseman originally drafted by the California Angels in 1971, he was traded to his hometown Boston Red Sox in 1977. After a series of injuries forced his retirement in 1985, he began a career in broadcasting.
In 1988 he joined NESN as a color commentator for Red Sox broadcasts.
Remy was born in Fall River, Massachusetts. He grew up in nearby Somerset, Massachusetts. He studied at Roger Williams University in Bristol, Rhode Island.
Remy suffered from depression. In 2008, Remy was diagnosed with lung cancer and had surgery. On June 12, 2017, Remy announced that the lung cancer returned. His cancer treatment ended in January 2018, but the cancer returned in August 2018.
Remy was married to Phoebe Remy. Together, they had three children. On August 16, 2013, his son, Jared, was arrested in the fatal stabbing of his girlfriend, Jennifer Martel, a charge he pleaded guilty to on May 27, 2014 and was sentenced to life in state prison without the possibility of parole.
Remy died on October 30, 2021 from lung cancer in Waltham, Massachusetts, aged 68.
References
Other websites
The Remy Report
Jerry Remy's Sports Bar and Grill
1952 births
2021 deaths
Boston Red Sox players
California Angels players
Deaths from lung cancer
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
American sports commentators
Disappearance of Brian Shaffer

Brian Shaffer (born February 25, 1979) was a medical student at Ohio State University. On the night of March 31, 2006, Shaffer went out with friends to celebrate the beginning of spring break. He was separated from them and they thought he had gone home. Shaffer has not been seen or heard from since. The case has received national media attention.
Columbus police have several theories about what happened; some interest and suspicion has been directed at a friend of Shaffer's who went with him that night but who has refused to take lie detector tests about the incident.
While foul play has been suspected, including the possible involvement of the Smiley Face serial killer, it has also been speculated that he might be alive and living somewhere else under a new identity.
References
S
March 2006 events
2000s in Ohio
2006 in the United States
Columbus, Ohio