pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Redox

Redox (shorthand for reduction/oxidation) describes all chemical reactions in which atoms have an increase or decrease in oxidation number (oxidation state).
An oxidation number is a number assigned to an element in chemical combination that represents the number of electrons lost (or gained, if the number is negative), by an atom of that element in the compound.
The term redox comes from the two concepts of reduction and oxidation. It can be explained in simple terms:
Oxidation describes the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion
Reduction describes the gain of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion
Whether an electron is gained or lost can be easily memorised by the abbreviation OIL RIG, which stands for, "Oxidation Is Loss," or losing electrons, and "Reduction Is Gain," or gaining electrons. Redox reactions can also happen by sharing electrons to form a product by covalent bonding.
In an oxidation reduction reaction, the cation gives an electron to the anion because both ions will have a different charge to attract each other with. In an oxidation reduction reaction, the oxidizing reagent pulls an electron from the other atom to have a net positive charge. The reducing reagent gives an electron to have a net negative charge. However, there are exceptions.
Chemical process
Redox is a chemical process. It can be described in chemical formulas. This example describes the process that occurs in a blast furnace, where iron (Fe) reacts with carbon (C):
Now elementary iron has been processed.
Related pages
Electrochemistry
Notes
Other websites
Redox reactions calculator
Redox reactions at Chemguide
Online redox reaction equation balancer, balances equations of any half-cell and full reactions
Chemical reactions
Bollingen Prize for Poetry

The Bollingen Prize for Poetry is a writing award given to an American poet. The award is given to a poet for the best new book or for the work of a poet's whole life. From 1948 to 1962, the prize was given every year. Starting in 1965, it was given every two years.
The prize was started in 1948 by Paul Mellon. It was named after psychiatrist Carl Jung's home in Switzerland.
The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University is the home of the Bollingen Prize.
Winners
1948 - Ezra Pound
1949 - Wallace Stevens
1950 - John Crowe Ransom
1951 - Marianne Moore
1952 - Archibald MacLeish and William Carlos Williams
1953 - W. H. Auden
1954 - Leonie Adams and Louise Bogan
1955 - Conrad Aiken
1956 - Allen Tate
1957 - E. E. Cummings
1958 - Theodore Roethke
1959 - Delmore Schwartz and David Jones
1960 - Yvor Winters
1961 - John Hall Wheelock and Richard Eberhart
1962 - Robert Frost
1965 - Horace Gregory
1967 - Robert Penn Warren
1969 - John Berryman and Karl Shapiro
1971 - Richard Wilbur and Mona Van Duyn
1973 - James Merrill
1975 - A. R. Ammons
1977 - David Ignatow
1979 - W. S. Merwin
1981 - Howard Nemerov and May Swenson
1983 - Anthony Hecht and John Hollander
1985 - John Ashbery and Fred Chappell
1987 - Stanley Kunitz
1989 - Edgar Bowers
1991 - Laura Riding Jackson and Donald Justice
1993 - Mark Strand
1995 - Kenneth Koch
1997 - Gary Snyder
1999 - Robert Creeley
2001 - Louise Gluck
2003 - Adrienne Rich
2005 - Jay Wright
2007 - Frank Bidart
2009 - Allen Grossman
2011 - Susan Howe
2013 - Charles Wright
2015 - Nathaniel Mackey
2017 - Jean Valentine
2019 - Charles Bernstein
2021 - Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
References
Literary awards
Monterey Pop Festival

The Monterey International Pop Music Festival took place from June 16 to June 18, 1967. Over 200,000 people went, and it is often seen as the beginning of the "rock era", replacing the earlier term "rock and roll". The festival was a cultural inspiration for future events. Many of the performers (like Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin) became major celebrities through their appearances, while older acts (like The Beach Boys, who were scheduled to appear but cancelled) were seen as obsolete.
People who played
Friday, June 16
The Association
The Paupers
Lou Rawls
Beverly
Johnny Rivers
The Animals
Simon and Garfunkel
Saturday, June 17
Canned Heat
Big Brother & The Holding Company
Country Joe and The Fish
Al Kooper
The Butterfield Blues Band
Quicksilver Messenger Service
Steve Miller Band
The Electric Flag
Moby Grape
Hugh Masekela
The Byrds
Laura Nyro
Jefferson Airplane
Booker T and The MG's
Otis Redding
Sunday, June 18
Ravi Shankar
The Blues Project
Big Brother & The Holding Company
The Group With No Name
Buffalo Springfield
Scott McKenzie
The Who
The Grateful Dead
Jimi Hendrix
The Mamas & the Papas
Other websites
The Official Blog for the Monterey Pop Festival Foundation
Monterey Pop Festival Art Director Tom Wilkes
Pop music
Music festivals in the United States
1967 in music
Music in California
1967 in California
Baugy, Cher

Baugy () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of central France. The former communes Laverdines and Saligny-le-Vif were merged into Baugy on 1 January 2019. It has a population of around 1,665 as of January 2019.
Population
References
Communes in Cher
Boris Schnaiderman

Boris Solomonovitch Schnaiderman (Russian Boris Solomonovich Shnaiderman; 17 May 1917 - 18 May 2016) was a Brazilian translator, writer and essayist. He was of Jewish descent.
He became a naturalized citizen of Brazil in 1941 and fought in World War II with the Brazilian Expeditionary Force.
In 2003 he received the Prize of Translation by the Academia Brasileira de Letras. He was the first person who translated to Portuguese classical Russian books directly from the Russian language.
References
1917 births
2016 deaths
Brazilian Jews
Brazilian writers
Jewish writers
Soviet Jews
Ukrainian Jews
Brazilian translators
Giga Pet

Giga pets are virtual pet toys. Each Giga Pet is a handheld game console. They were created in 1997 by Tiger Electronics, who is best known for their creation of the Furby.
Machines
Jack Hyles

Jack Frasure Hyles (September 25, 1926 in Texas - February 6, 2001 in Indiana) was a important person in the independent Baptist movement. He was the pastor of the First Baptist Church of Hammond in Hammond, Indiana from 1959 until his death in 2001.
Other websites
The Jack Hyles Home Page -- books, sermons, & links
Hyles Publications -- a publisher of books and bibles including many by Jack Hyles
JackHyles.net -- An unofficial Jack Hyles site with archival copies of books and sermons
Biblical Discernment Ministeries -- criticism of Hyles
1926 births
2001 deaths
American Baptist ministers
People from Indiana
People from Texas
Fraser, Michigan

Fraser is a city in Macomb County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
Solon

Solon was a statesman in Ancient Greece. He is one of Seven Sages (or Wise Men) of Greece, because of his political reforms to the laws of Athens. Many of these changes helped the poor people. He lived from 630 B.C.- 560 B.C. He introduced the court and judges. About 594 B.C., the nobles elected Solon to lead Athens. He made reforms that helped prevent a revolt by the poor. First he freed people who had become slaves because of debts. He made a law that no citizen could be enslaved. Solon also organized citizens into four classes based on wealth, not birth. Rich men had more power. Yet this was still a more fair system than the old one that limited power to nobles. Solon allowed all citizens to serve in the assembly and help elect leaders. He also reformed the laws to make them less harsh.
References
Ancient Greek politicians
Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus' (also known as Kyivan Rus) was a medieval state in Europe. It was from the late 9th to the mid 13th century. It broke apart under the Mongol invasion of 1237-1240.
At its peak, it stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, and from the upper Vistula in the west to the middle Volga in the east.
The state was called "land of the Rus' " . The name "Kievan Rus' " was used in the 19th century to mean the time when the center was in Kyiv.
The early part of the state is sometimes known as the "Rus Khaganate". The history of Rus' proper begins in 882. This is when the capital was moved from Novgorod to Kyiv. This was after Varangians (Vikings), who were called Rus, freed this slavic city from the Khazars' tribute.
The state reached its most powerful in the mid 11th century. Its lands went south to the Black Sea, east to the Volga, and west to the Kingdom of Poland and to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Vladimir the Great (980-1015) and his son Yaroslav I the Wise (1019-1054) ruled in the "Golden Age" of Kyiv. With the end of the Viking age, the state lost power in the late 11th and during the 12th century. The broke apart into various rival regional powers.
The various East Slavic principalities were brought together in the Russian Empire in the 18th century. The modern East Slavic states of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia all get their identity from the early medieval state.
References
Former countries in Europe
History of Belarus
History of Russia
History of Ukraine
882 establishments
Wolf Children

Wolf Children () is an Japanese anime movie directed/co-written by Mamoru Hosoda.
Plot
Hana, a college student, has two children with a werewolf. She names the girl Yuki and the boy Ame. Not long after this, their father dies. Hana decides to keep raising the children.
As the children grow older, Hana finds it is hard to hide the werewolf powers inherited from their father: ultimately, she moves them to the countryside to avoid trouble from the public. She works hard to repair a house and grow their own food.
Ame becomes confident in himself after a near-death experience, and the children are allowed to attend school. Yuki adapts and makes friends, while Ame drops out to receive lessons from an old fox named Sensei about surviving in the wild. At this time, they are beginning to form their life paths.
In fourth grade, a transfer student named Souhei begins attending Yuki's class. He realizes she is not normal, and during a chase, Yuki accidentally injures his ear. He tells his mother a wolf attacked him, not Yuki. Over time, they become friends.
Ame and Yuki later fight each other over their "real" selves: neither sibling can agree whether or not they are wolf or human. Hana recognizes they are forming their futures, but is worried about it. Ame reveals that Sensei has been gravely wounded during a storm and will likely not survive, but then hints that he will succeed Sensei as the guardian of the wild. Hana is horrified by this, and begs him not to return to the forest.
Two years later, despite what Hana told him, Ame disappears into the forest during a severe storm to replace Sensei; Hana goes after him. She forgets to pick up Yuki from school, who is left alone with Souhei while the other students are retrieved. She decides to reveal herself as a wolf to him. He replies that he already knew and will keep her secret.
Hana gets hurt by a fall and dreams about her lover, who tells her that Ame will be fine with his chosen path. Ame picks her up and gets her to safety, but then turns into an adult wolf and runs off into the mountains. Hana is initially heartbroken as she believes she has not yet done anything for Ame, but soon recognizes he is now "where he belongs" and bids him farewell.
The next school year, Yuki leaves home to move into a dorm room with her friends in Junior High. Ame's howls are heard throughout the forest. Despite living alone in the house, Hana feels that she has raised her children well.
Animated movies
Japanese movies
Province of South Carolina

The Province of South Carolina (also known as the South Carolina Colony) was originally part of the Province of Carolina in British America. In 1776 the province became the U.S. state of South Carolina.
The Carolinas were named for King Charles II of England. The colony was first named "Carolana". Charles II had given the land to a group of eight nobles called the Lords Proprietors. In 1712 the Carolina Province split into the Province of North Carolina and Province of South Carolina. Both provinces became British royal colonies in 1729.
Lord Charles Montagu (1741-1784) was Royal Governor of the Province of South Carolina from 1766 to 1773.
References
18th century in South Carolina
1776 disestablishments
Former British colonies
1712 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
1770s disestablishments in the United States
Former colonies in North America
Karachay-Cherkessia

The Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Russian: Karachaevo-Cherkesskaia Respublika, Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika; Karachay-Balkar: K'arachai-Cherkes Respublika, Qaracay-Cerkes Respublika; Circassian: K'ereshei-Sherdzhes Respublika, Keresei-Serdzes Respublike, Nogai: Karashai-Sherkesh Respublika, Karasay-Serkes Respublika, Abaza: K'archa-Cherkes Respublika, Qarca-Cerkes Respublika) or Karachay-Cherkessia (Russian: Karachaevo-Cherkesiia, Karachayevo-Cherkesiya) is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia. In 2021, 469,865 people lived there. Cherkessk is the largest city and the administrative center of the republic.
References
Republics of Russia
Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act of 2011

On July 28, 2011, the United States House Judiciary Committee passed the Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act of 2011 (HR 1981). The bill passed by a vote of 19-10. Next the bill will be discussed in the House of Representatives. Some people are against this bill because it gives a lot of access to personal information. Some people have said that the bill will not become a law, but the Congressional Budget Office put out a report on October 12, 2011, with the cost of making the changes in the bill. The next step is that the bill will be discussed in the House of Representatives.
History
On May 25, 2011, Representative Lamar Smith of Texas introduced the bill. It was co-sponsored by 25 other Representatives of the House. On July 28, 2011 the bill was passed by the House Judiciary Committee. It has to go through more approvals before it becomes a law.
Purpose
The purpose of the bill is to protect children. The bill would give the police more access to information in order to find and catch people who make and/or distribute child pornography.
This bill would create laws that give bigger punishments for people charged with child pornography. The bill also makes companies that people in the United States get internet service from (internet service providers or ISPs) keep records of all of their customers' internet use for twelve months. They would have to keep this information in case it needs to be used to investigate people.
Cost
On October 12, 2011 a report on the costs of the bill was released. This report said that the cost to the government would be very small and that the internet service companies would have to pay more than $200 million. That money includes the cost of storing the extra information about their customers.
Controversy
Some say that because of the Patriot Act, this law could mean that people could lose some of their civil rights. Representative Zoe Lofgren, (D-Calif.) is very against the bill and asked for it to be renamed the "Keep Every American's Digital Data for Submission to the Federal Government Without a Warrant Act." She believes that people will have a lot less privacy if this is passed.
People who are in favor of the bill say that the police and other law enforcers need to be able to go back and look at the records of IP addresses, because these addresses can change over time. So the police need to be able to check the records in order to catch people. occurred. Lamar Smith, the bill's sponsor, said that: ""Some Internet service providers currently retain these [IP] addresses for business purposes. But the period of retention varies widely among providers, from a few days to a few months. The lack of uniform data retention impedes the investigation of Internet crimes." Smith said that the number of child pornography cases grew by 150% a year every year for the past ten years.
References
IT law
Pornography
United States law
Child abuse
Cover Girl

Cover Girl is a 1944 American romantic musical comedy movie directed by Charles Vidor and starring Rita Hayworth, Gene Kelly, Lee Bowman, Phil Silvers, Leslie Brooks, Eve Arden, Otto Kruger, Anita Colby, Jess Barker. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was nominated for 5 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1945.
Other websites
1944 musical movies
1944 romantic comedy movies
American musical comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies directed by Charles Vidor
Columbia Pictures movies
Riedern

Riedern was a municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2011, Riedern is part of the municipality of Glarus.
Other websites
Official website of Riedern
Former municipalities of Glarus
2011 disestablishments in Switzerland
Paola, Kansas

Paola is a city in Miami County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat. In 2010, 5,602 people lived there.
History
At the start of the 19th century, the area was mostly controlled by the Osage people.
Settlement of the area happened when Kaskaskia, Peoria, Wea, and Piankeshaw tribes were forced to move to the area between 1827 and 1832. These created the Confederated Allied Tribe. It was led by Baptiste Peoria, who was of both French and Indian ethnicity. They called their settlement Peoria Village.
In 1912, James Patterson moved to Paola. He did this to create his winter headquarters for his traveling circus. It was called the Patterson Circus. The circus continued until 1927. A wall mural about it is at 106 W. Peoria. The Patterson's home is still in Paola on the 600 block of north Mulberry. It is the only remaining building from the circus winter headquarters.
Geography
Paola is at (38.573599, -94.873456). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.
Climate
Paola has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Paola has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
People
2010 census
In 2010, there were 5,602 people, 2,173 households, and 1,407 families living in Paola.
Education
USD 368 offers education to children in grades K-12 with some education opportunities for adults as well.
Cottonwood Elementary (grades K-2)
Sunflower Elementary (grades 3-5)
Hillsdale Elementary (grades K-5) (closed)
Paola Middle School (grades 6-8)
Paola High School (grades 9-12)
Paola Adult Education Center
Holy Trinity Catholic School is a private school offering education for grades kindergarten through eight.
Fort Scott Community College is a community college with a satellite campus in Paola.
References
Other websites
City
City of Paola
Paola - Directory of Public Officials
Paola Chamber of Commerce
Schools
USD 368, local school district
Videos
Paola Today, youtube.com
History of Paola, youtube.com
Maps
Paola City Map, KDOT
Cities in Miami County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Born to Run

Born to Run is the third studio album by Bruce Springsteen and released on August 25, 1975 through Columbia Records.
Rankings
It went to number 3 in the United States, number 7 in Australia, the Netherlands and Sweden, number 20 in Ireland, number 26 in Norway, number 28 in New Zealand, number 31 in Ireland and number 36 in the United Kingdom. In 2020, the album was ranked #18 in the Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.
Track listing
Original release
Cassette version
The cassette version has the song order rearranged to save tape space, which was a common practice amongst the record companies. The track listing for the cassette is as follows:
Unreleased outtakes
There are currently seven known outtakes from the album:
"Linda Let Me Be The One"
"Lonely Night in the Park"
"A Love So Fine"
"A Night Like This"
"Janey Needs a Shooter"
"Lovers in The Cold"
"So Young and in Love"
References
1975 albums
Bruce Springsteen albums
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (March 5, 1696 - March 27, 1770) was an Italian decorative painter of the Baroque. He was born in Venice and died in Madrid. He had nine children upon his wife Maria Cecilia Guardi. Two of his three sons became his assistants; the third became a priest. He worked churches and palaces in Italy, Germany, and Spain.
Related pages
List of Italian painters
1696 births
1770 deaths
18th-century Italian painters
Aleksis Kivi

Aleksis Kivi , born Alexis Stenvall, (10 October 1834 - 31 December 1872) was a Finnish writer. He wrote plays and poems and the first significant novel in the Finnish language, Seven Brothers (Finnish title: Seitseman veljesta). He is considered one of the greatest authors in Finland.
Kivi lived in time when all educated people in Finland spoke Swedish. He was the first professional writer who published his works in Finnish. Kivi, Mikael Agricola and Elias Lonnrot are regarded fathers of a national literature in Finnish.
References
1834 births
1872 deaths
Finnish people
The Song of the Shirt (movie)

The Song of the Shirt is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Linda Arvidson, George Gebhardt, and Robert Harron.
Actors
Linda Arvidson as Dying Woman
George Gebhardt as In Office / Waiter
Robert Harron as Stock Boy
Arthur V. Johnson as Waiter
Florence Lawrence as Woman
Alfred Paget
Mack Sennett as Foreman / In Office / In Second Restaurant
Harry Solter as Employer / In Second Restaurant
References
Other websites
American movies
1908 movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
George Maxwell Richards

George Maxwell Richards, TC, CM (1 December 1931 - 8 January 2018) was a Trinidadian politician. He was the fourth President of Trinidad and Tobago. He was in office from 2003 to 2013.
Richards died in Port of Spain on 8 January 2018 of congestive heart failure at the age of 86.
References
Other websites
1931 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago
Farid Zizi

Farid Zizi is a French aerospace engineer.
Since 1 August 2018, he has been the head of the France Aviation Civile Services (previously DSNA Services).
He is known for having been head of the Education and Research at the French Civil Aviation University and head of the Air Navigation Commission at ICAO.
References
Living people
Alumni of the Ecole nationale de l'aviation civile
French aviators
Alumni of the Ecole Polytechnique
Year of birth missing (living people)
Norton, Massachusetts

Norton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Ryhall railway station

Ryhall & Belmesthorpe railway station (originally Ryhall & Belmisthorpe) was a station in Belmesthorpe and about half a mile from Ryhall, both in Rutland. It was the only intermediate station on the Stamford and Essendine Railway, later Great Northern Railway, single track line between Stamford and Essendine. It was sited south of a level crossing at the west end of the village. The goods yard was to the north of the level crossing.
References
Railway stations in England
Rutland
1856 establishments in Europe
1959 disestablishments
1850s establishments in the United Kingdom
1950s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Brett Gurewitz

Brett W. Gurewitz (born May 12, 1962 in Los Angeles, California), nicknamed Mr. Brett, is an American guitarist. He is the guitarist and a songwriter of the punk rock band, Bad Religion. He is also the owner of the music label Epitaph Records. He left and returned to Bad Religion twice and is still with the band today.
1962 births
American guitarists
American punk musicians
Bad Religion
Jewish American musicians
Living people
Musicians from Los Angeles
Young Turks (song)

"Young Turks" is a 1981 song by Rod Stewart and taken from his 11th studio album Tonight I'm Yours. It went to number 1 in Israel, number 2 in Canada, number 3 in Australia and number 5 in the United States.
References
1981 songs
Rod Stewart songs
Synth-pop songs
1786

Events
May 21 - Trial of the Necklace affair ends in Paris
August 8 - Mont Blanc was climbed for the first time by Dr. Michael-Gabriel Paccard and Jacques Balmat.
August 29- Shays Rebellion begins
September 2 - Hurricane in England.
November 7 - The oldest musical organization in the United States was founded as the Stoughton Musical Society.
November 30 - Peter Leopold Joseph of Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, promulgates a penal reform making his country the first state to abolish the death penalty. November 30 is therefore commemorated by 300 cities around the world as Cities for Life Day.
December 4 - The Mission Santa Barbara, was founded by Father Fermin Francisco de Lasuen, becoming the tenth mission in the California mission chain.
Choctaw Treaty
Chickasaw Treaty
Robert Burns publishes Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect
Francis Light acquires the island of Penang from the Sultan of Kedah on behalf of the British East India Company. It is the first British colony in South-East Asia.
Anglo-Spanish treaty gives Belize to Britain
First ship of convicts leaves Britain for Botany Bay, Australia - 820 out of 1138 aboard are convicts
The trade with Iceland is opened to all Danish and Norwegian traders.
The Mozart opera "The Marriage of Figaro" is premiered in Vienna
Goethe undertakes his 'Italian Journey' throughout September-December (published in 1817)
Births
January 8 - Nicholas Biddle, President of the Second Bank of the United States (d. 1844)
January 12 - Sir Robert Inglis, Bt, English politician (d. 1855)
January 23 - Auguste de Montferrand, French architect (d. 1858)
February 16 - Maria Pavlovna of Russia, Grand duchess of Saxe-Weimar Eisenach (d. 1859)
February 24 - Martin W. Bates, U.S. Senator from Delaware (d. 1869)
February 24 - Wilhelm Grimm, German philologist and folklorist (d. 1859)
March 22 - Joachim Lelewel, Polish historian (d. 1861)
June 13 - Winfield Scott, American general and Presidential candidate (d. 1866)
August 17 - David "Davy" Crockett, American frontiersman (d. 1836)
August 25 - King Ludwig I of Bavaria (d. 1868)
September 10 - William Mason, American politician (d. 1860)
September 11 - Friedrich Kuhlau, German composer (d. 1832)
September 18 - King Christian VIII of Denmark (d. 1848)
September 24 - Charles Bianconi, Italian-Irish entrepreneur
December 12 - William L. Marcy, American statesman (d. 1857)
Deaths
nv:1751 - 1800
Hieronymus Bosch

Hieronymus Bosch, (born Jeroen Anthonissen van Aken, c. 1450 - 9 August 1516) was an early Dutch painter. He lived, worked and died in 's-Hertogenbosch, a Dutch town. This was then the capital of the Duchy of Brabant, a region which included much of modern Belgium and Holland.
Many of his works depict temptation, sin and punishment in hell. The paintings have a dreamlike surreal quality, with sexual and sadistic images. The intent was probably serious, to warn of the punishment which awaited sinners in hell.
The paintings often look like, and certainly did influence, the modern art movement known as surrealism. Bosch used images of demons, half-human animals and machines, to evoke fear and confusion, and to portray the evil of man. His works contain complex, highly original, imaginative, and dense use of symbolic figures and iconography, some of which was obscure even in his own time.
Today only 25 paintings are known to be by him; Philip II of Spain collected some of the best, which are now in the Prado Museum, Madrid.
People from 's-Hertogenbosch
Dutch painters
1450s births
1516 deaths
Jody Williams

Jody Williams (October 9th 1950 - ) is a peace activist and humanitarian. She focused mainly on removing landmines from the world. Williams was born October 09, 1950 in Vermont, USA. Williams helped start the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL).
Inspiration
Many things made her become a peace activist. One of these things was her brother. Her brother was deaf and schizophrenic. He was disliked for his disabilities.
In college, Williams didn't know what she wanted to study. After she graduated, she worked as a teacher in the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Washington D.C. Williams does not like landmines. She does not want innocent people to be hurt by the landmines. Some people would accidentally step on the landmines and be killed.
Work With Celebrities
Williams worked with celebrities to help teach people about the danger of landmines. She even worked with was Diana, Princess of Wales. Some celebrities didn't like this activism. One celebrity that didn't like Williams' activism was Bill Clinton, a former US president. Clinton made this clear when he did not call her when she got the Nobel Peace Prize.
Achievements
Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize. She was given the Nobel Peace Prize because of her work on getting rid of landmines. The Nobel Peace Prize was given to her in October, a day after her birthday. Williams said that it was challenging for her to get support on this project. The government didn't want to give landmines up because they were cheap and worked well. Williams won the argument and had landmines were made illegal.
Williams worked for many organizations. She worked with Nicaragua-Honduras Education Project, the Medical Aid for El Salvador, Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, and Medico International.
Williams wrote Banning Landmines: Disarmament, Citizen Diplomacy, and Human Security and My Name is Jody Williams: A Vermont Girl's Winding Path to the Nobel Peace Prize. Williams also helped make the Nobel Women's Initiative. The Nobel Women's Initiative is an organization that is made up of female Nobel Peace Prize winners. They work all over the world and tell people about female equality.
References
1950 births
Living people
American activists
Lavau, Aube

Lavau is a commune in Aube in north-central France.
Lavau, Aube
Bad Herrenalb

Bad Herrenalb is a small town in the district of Calw, in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany.
Bad Herrenalb is in the northern Black Forest, east of Baden-Baden, and southwest of Pforzheim.
References
Other websites
Germersheim (district)

Germersheim is a district in the south-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
The Rhine river forms the eastern boundary of the district. The river Lauter forms most of the southern boundary.
Towns and municipalities
References
Districts of Rhineland-Palatinate
Vic Firth

Everett "Vic" Firth (June 2, 1930 - July 26, 2015) was an American musician. He was the founder of Vic Firth Company (formerly Vic Firth, Inc.), a company that makes percussion sticks and mallets.
References
1930 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Musicians from Massachusetts
Musicians from Maine
High fantasy

High fantasy is a sub-genre of fantasy fiction. It is also called epic fantasy. High fantasy is normally set in fictional universes. These universes are created for the story or stories. High fantasy is not set in the real world.
Examples of high fantasy include The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. A Song of Ice and Fire (Game of Thrones) by George R. R. Martin, the Discworld series by Terry Pratchett and The Wheel of Time series by Robert Jordan.
Fantasy
Fictional universes
Cale Yarborough

William "Caleb" Cale Yarborough (born March 27, 1939 in Timmonsville, South Carolina) is a former NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver and was one of the series personalities.
History
Yarborough is a three-time Winston Cup Champion, winning the series, 1976, 1977 and 1978. He is the only driver to only win three consecutive titles. His wins was placed at number 5, Yaroborough won the Daytona 500 five times in his career. His win coming from Wood Brothers Racing in his career, the second in 1977 for Junior Johnson, and back to back wins in 1983 and 1984, In 1984, he became the first driver to qualify for the Daytona 500 with a speed of .
He was involved in a wreck in the 1979 Daytona 500.
Early career
As a young kid, Yaroborough attended the Southern 500 as a spectator without a ticket, by 1958, he was able to be competing in the Grand National Circuit, In 1965, He was involved in a wreck by Sam McQuagg, Yaroborough's car sailed over the guardrail after tangling with McQuagg's car, Yaroborough tried to make a pass with McQuagg, but their tenders touched Yaroborugh's car went airborne, The car came to rest against a telephone pole outside the track, Yaroborough, who was uninjured, said "I knew I was in trouble when I saw the grass, because I knew there ain't no grass on the racetrack",
On February 25, 1968, he won his first big time race as he beat LeeRoy Yarbrough by less than a second to win the 1968 Daytona 500, Yarborough would win five more races incuding the Southern 500 by four car lengths above David Pearson.
Early in his career, Yarborough competed in the Indianapolis 500, racing in 1966-1967 and 1971-1972.
Sports Illustrated Car Exposure
He captured his second Daytona 500 in 1977, It was so important that Sports Illustrated put him on cover after his second Daytona 500 win, one of the first stock car drivers that cover on the legendary sports magazine, (see A.J. Foyt).
Awards
Yarborough was inducted by the International Motrosports Hall of Fame in 1993
He was inducted in the National Motorsports Press Association Hall of Fame in 1994
He was inducted in the court of legends at Charlotte Motor Speedway in 1996
He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1994.
Acting
Two episodes of the TV show The Dukes of Hazzard, was featured Cale playing himself, "Cale comes to the Hazzard" in 1984 and "Cale meets the Hazzard in 1979".
Related pages
List of NASCAR drivers
References
1939 births
NASCAR drivers
Sportspeople from South Carolina
Living people
The Last Bohemian (1912 movie)

The Last Bohemian () is a 1912 Hungarian romantic drama movie directed by first time director Michael Curtiz and starring Antal Nyaray, Elemer Thury, Zoltan Sipos, Ilonka Bedo, Frigyes Hervay.
Other websites
1912 drama movies
1910s romance movies
Hungarian silent movies
Movies directed by Michael Curtiz
Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra

The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (in German: Gewandhausorchester Leipzig or just Gewandhausorchester) is a famous German orchestra based in Leipzig, Germany. It is named after the concert hall in which it is based, the Gewandhaus (pronounce: "Ge-VANT-house"). The word "Gewandhaus" means "Textiles Hall". It is a hall that originally was used for people to buy and sell textiles.
History of the orchestra
The beginnings of the orchestra go back to 1743, when a society called the Grosses Concert began performing in private homes. In 1744 the Grosses Concert moved its concerts to the "Three Swans" Tavern. Their concerts continued there for 36 years. Gradually more and more people started to complain about the noise and the behaviour in the tavern, so in 1780 the mayor and city council of Leipzig offered to let the orchestra use part of the Gewandhaus, the building where the merchants were selling textiles. The orchestra gave its first concert in the Gewandhaus in 1781. It is the oldest orchestra in Germany, apart from private orchestras who belonged to rich people.
In 1835 the great composer Felix Mendelssohn became the orchestra's main conductor (music director). He was called the Gewandhauskapellmeister. He kept this position, apart from one year, until his death in 1847. In 1885, the orchestra moved into a new hall which was given the same name. This was destroyed by bombing in World War II in 1944. The present Gewandhaus is the third building with the name. It was opened in 1981.
The orchestra gives concerts in Leipzig and all over the world, and makes many recordings. They also play at the Thomaskirche, the church where Johann Sebastian Bach used to work, and as the official opera orchestra of the Leipzig Opera.
Later principal conductors included Arthur Nikisch, Wilhelm Furtwangler, Bruno Walter, and Vaclav Neumann. From 1970 to 1996, Kurt Masur was Gewandhauskapellmeister. From 1998 to 2005 their conductor was Herbert Blomstedt.
In 2005, Riccardo Chailly took over as both Gewandhauskapellmeister and music director of the Leipzig Opera. They have released recordings on the Decca label of Felix Mendelssohn, Johannes Brahms, and the Robert Schumann symphonies in the re-orchestrations by Gustav Mahler.
Music director (Gewandhauskapellmeister)
Conductors laureate
1996-present Kurt Masur
2005-present Herbert Blomstedt
Other websites
Gewandhausorchester Leipzig official website
German orchestras
Leipzig
Wick Allison

Lodowick Brodie Cobb "Wick" Allison (March 17, 1948September 1, 2020) was an American magazine publisher and writer. He was the owner of D Magazine. It is a monthly magazine covering Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas. He co-founded the magazine in 1974. He was also the main owner of People Newspapers. he purchased Peoples Newspapers in 2003. Allison was the president of the non-profit American Ideas Institute. They are the publisher of The American Conservative.
Personal life
Allison was born in Dallas, Texas, on March 17, 1948. He was a sixth-generation Texan. He graduated from the University of Texas at Austin in 1971. He served as editor of the student magazine The Texas Ranger, Allison earned a degree in American Studies. after he finished college, he worked in the White House on the President's Commission on Campus Unrest. After that, he joined the United States Army. He attended the Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University. While at SMU, Allison created his business plan for D Magazine before dropping out.
Allison married Christine Peterson in 1983. Together, they had four daughters: Gillea, Maisie, Chrissie, and Loddie. Chrissie was born with Down syndrome. Doctors said that she would need to be put into an institution but Allison and his wife chose to her home.
Allison died on September 1, 2020, at his home in Craigie Clair, in the Catskill Mountains. He was 72 years old. He had bladder cancer for more than ten years before his death.
References
1948 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from bladder cancer
American political writers
Journalists from Texas
Writers from Dallas
Businesspeople from Dallas
Control Machete

Control Machete were an Mexican rap group from Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, and its members were Fermin IV, Pato Machete and DJ Toy Selectah.
The rap group started in 1996 and lasted until 2004.
Control Machete achieved in just 6 months to sell 500 thousand units from their disk Mucho Barato both in Mexico as America. Their capacity of convocation were presented before the crowds of 10.000 people in Spain with great success performing concerts throughout South America presented an total audience estimated more than 458 thousand people. It has been such an impact that they have generated, that they have been in charge of several events of carving international as it is the concert of the multi-awarded alternative musician David Bowie in the Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez before more than 40 thousand people.
Later, Control Machete would face a challenging challenge entering fully into the major leagues to be the official opening group of the most important tour of the year in Mexico: Pop Mart, of the Irish band U2. And if that were not enough, they were in charge of opening the 50 Cent's concert that was offered in Mexico at the Palacio de los Deportes in March 2004. They were invited to participate in several compilations, highlighting the album of Jose Jose's tribute (BMG, 1998), where they played Amnesia, and 2001 they were also in the tribute to the Argentine band Soda Stereo, playing the song Camaleon. They participated in Outlandos D'Americas (EMI, 1998), the album that pays homage to The Police.
The group participated in a national tour with Molotov, on tour Molochete, teniendo gran aceptacion en Mexico. In 2001 one of the members, Fermin IV left his career as solo of Christian music, becoming a Pastor of the Congregation "Semilla de Mostaza" in Mexico City, has been influence for many young people leave from gangs and follow the example, also is the vocalist of the group with the same name.
Discography
Albums
Mucho Barato (1996)
Artilleria Pesada presenta (1999)
Spanglish (2001)
Solo Para Fanaticos (2002)
Uno, Dos:Bandera (2003)
Collaborations
Molochete with Molotov (2000)
References
Musical groups established in 1996
1990s Mexican music groups
2000s Mexican music groups
Mexican rap music groups
Musical groups disestablished in 2004
1996 establishments in North America
1990s establishments in Mexico
2000s disestablishments in Mexico
Göta Canal

The Gota Canal () is a canal in southern Sweden. Opened in 1832, its economic importance started to decline early because of the arrival of railroads in Sweden by the mid 19th century, and nowadays, it's mostly used for summertime tourist boat tours, as well as private boating.
Other websites
Transport in Sweden
Canals
Alberto Cassano

Alberto Cassano (23 January 1935 - 12 July 2014) was an Argentine engineer and academic. He was a professor at the Universidad Nacional del Litoral during most of his career. He founded the program CONICET. He founded INTEC and CERIDE.
Cassano died in Santa Fe Province from a long illness, aged 79.
References
1935 births
2014 deaths
Argentine academics
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
Argentine engineers
Scientists from Buenos Aires
Deir el Qamar Synagogue

The Deir el Qamar Synagogue is a synagogue in Deir el Qamar, Lebanon; it is the oldest synagogue in Mount Lebanon. The synagogue was built in the seventeenth century to serve the local Jewish Lebanese population. Some of them were under the rule of Emir Fakhreddine II.
Related pages
History of the Jews in Lebanon
Maghen Abraham Synagogue (Beirut, Lebanon)
Wadi Abu Jamil
Other websites
The Jews of Lebanon blog
Corporation of Lebanese Jews in Canada
Synagogues
Buildings and structures in Lebanon
17th-century establishments in Asia
History of Lebanon
William Cohen

William Sebastian Cohen (born August 28, 1940) is an American politician and author from the U.S. state of Maine. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Cohen was a member of the city council of Bangor, Maine from 1969 to 1972, and also was mayor of this city from 1971 to 1972.
He served as both a member of the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate from Maine, and as Secretary of Defense (1997-2001) under Democratic President Bill Clinton.
BBC News hired Cohen as a world affairs analyst in May 2016. Cohen appears in this capacity on BBC World News America and other broadcasts. He also serves as an Advisory Board member for the Partnership for a Secure America. Cohen is also a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.
Personal life
William Cohen is partly of Jewish descent (his father was Jewish).
On February 14, 1996, Cohen and Janet Langhart were married. Langhart is a former model, Boston television personality, and BET correspondent. Janet Langhart was known as the "First Lady of the Pentagon" during Cohen's tenure as Secretary.
Cohen served as Best Man in then-Senate Naval Liaison John McCain's second wedding (Gary Hart was a groomsman). McCain later became his Senate colleague.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting
On the afternoon of June 10, 2009, Cohen was present at the United States Holocaust Museum, waiting for his wife Janet Langhart, for the world premiere of her one-act play, Anne and Emmett. The play imagines a conversation between Anne Frank and Emmett Till. While Cohen waited, an elderly man with a long gun attacked the facility, fatally shooting a security guard before being wounded himself by the other guards. Cohen and his wife were not injured during the attack.
2016 U.S. presidential election
During the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Cohen joined many Republicans in breaking with party ranks to oppose the candidacy of Republican nominee Donald Trump. He endorsed Democratic nominee former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
References
Other websites
Official biography via the Department of Defense
Thursday October 2009 Audio interview about government terrorism, individual liberty and foreign war policies. University of Illinois in-depth radio programs on Focus 580
William Cohen to Co-Chair Genocide Prevention Task Force
Biography from the William S. Cohen Archive, University of Maine Fogler Library
Voting record maintained by the Washington Post
1940 births
Living people
American mayors
Boston University alumni
United States representatives from Maine
United States Secretaries of Defense
United States senators from Maine
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Bangor, Maine
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
Stop (album)

Stop is the second album released by the band Plain White T's. It was the first plain White T's album to be released on Fearless Records. The album was released August 20, 2002.
Track listing
"Stop"
"Please Don't Do This"
"What If?"
"Fireworks"
"Leavin'"
"Shine"
"Your Fault"
"Happy Someday"
"A Lonely September"
"Can't Turn Away"
"Penny (Perfect For You)"
"Radios In Heaven"
2002 albums
Plain White T's albums
Into Temptation (song)

"Into Temptation" is a 1988 song by Crowded House and third single from their second studio album Temple of Low Men. It went to number 12 in the Netherlands, number 28 in Belgium, number 38 in New Zealand and number 59 in Australia. It was covered by Renee Geyer in 2005.
Track listings
All songs by Neil Finn except "This Is Massive" by Paul Hester.
Australian single
Released on 7" vinyl, CD and 12" vinyl.
"Into Temptation" - 4:32
"Mansion in the Slums" (live)
"This Is Massive" (live)
North American release
Released on 7" vinyl and cassette.
"Into Temptation" - 4:32
"Better Be Home Soon" - 3:07
European release
Released on 12" vinyl.
"Into Temptation" - 4:32
"Now We're Getting Somewhere" (live)
"Mansion in the Slums" (live)
References
1988 songs
Crowded House songs
Renee Geyer songs
Service oriented architecture

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a concept in computer programming. It is a way of creating a program or application that is focused around distinct tasks or services. With an SOA model, each piece of the program or application performs a specific task (such as retrieving a piece of data, performing a mathematical operation, etc). The tasks are performed completely independent of each other.
Benefits
Easy to test
Since each component of the program works independently, each component can be tested by itself without needing the whole program to be completed first. The program can be built piece by piece with confidence that each piece works.
Easy to reuse legacy programs
Often, a company has already created a program or application to perform a specific task. If that is the case, this legacy program, (program that has already been written) or a piece of this legacy program can be reused without the need to re-code that specific task. Consequently, programs with SOA can be developed faster than traditional programs in some circumstances.
Easy to manage
The benefit is that unlike in a big combined program, each task is isolated, so it is easy to manage and troubleshoot the program after completion. If there is a problem, a developer can check each service component systematically until the problem is detected. After it is detected, only that small service would need to be fixed as opposed to a much larger section of a combined application
Computer programming
Marc du Pontavice

Marc du Pontavice (born 10 January 1963) is a French animator who is the producer of Oggy and the cockroaches ("Oggy et les Cafards"), The Magician, Space Goofs, Kaena: The Prophecy, Mr. Baby, Les Dalton, and Ratz. He was an executive producer from Gaumont, which is based in France. After leaving the company, he, along with Alix du Pontavice founded Xilam.
List of TV programmes produced
Highlander: The Series (Executive in charge of production, alongside Denis Leroy)
The Magician
Space Goofs
Oggy et les cafards (successful)
Cartouche: Prince of the Streets
The New Adventures of Lucky Luke
Ratz
Tupu
Shuriken School (Co-produced with Jose Maria Castillejo)
A Kind of Magic
Zig and Sharko
Hubert and Takako
FloopaLoo, Where Are You?
The Daltons
Rolling with the Ronks!
Mr. Magoo
References
Other websites
1963 births
Living people
French animators
Artists from Paris