pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Innocence (Avril Lavigne song)

Innocence is a song by written by Avril Lavigne with Evan Taubenfeld, featured on her third studio album The Best Damn Thing.
Charts
References
Avril Lavigne songs
Edith González

Edith Gonzalez Fuentes (10 December 1964 - 13 June 2019) was a Mexican actress and dancer. She started her career as a child actress. She went on to appear in nearly 40 telenovelas, including Si, mi amor, Bianca Vidal and Dona Barbara. She also starred in 18 movies. Her final acting role was in the telenovela 3 familias in 2018.
Gonzalez was born in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. She married Lorenzo Lazo Margain in 2010. She had a daughter, born in 2004, fathered by Santiago Creel.
In 2016, Gonzalez was diagnosed with stage IV ovarian cancer. She died of the disease on 13 June 2019 in Mexico City. She was 54.
References
Other websites
1964 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in Mexico
Child actors
Mexican dancers
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Mexican movie actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican television actors
Actors from Monterrey
Obernberg am Brenner

Obernberg am Brenner is a municipality of the district Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Villeneuve-sur-Vère

Villeneuve-sur-Vere is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.
References
Communes in Tarn
Martha Keys

Martha Elizabeth Keys (born August 10, 1930) is an American politician. She is a retired Democratic politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Kansas from 1975 to 1979.
She was elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives from Manhattan, Kansas in 1974 and served two terms before being defeated for reelection in 1978. While serving in the House of Representatives, Keys and her husband divorced, and she was remarried to fellow Congressman Andrew Jacobs, Jr. They separated in 1981 and eventually divorced.
Keys's sister, Lee Keys, is married to former U.S. Senator and presidential candidate Gary Hart.
References
Other websites
Women in Congress: Martha Keys
1930 births
Living people
United States representatives from Kansas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Kansas Democrats
Crianlarich

Crianlarich (A' Chrion Laraich in Gaelic) is a village in Stirling district, Scotland, about six miles north-east of the head of Loch Lomond. Until 1975, it was in the historic county of Perthshire. The village's name derives from the Gaelic for "low pass", relating to its geographical location.
Villages in Stirling council
Richard Gilder

Richard Gilder, Jr. (May 31, 1932 - May 12, 2020), was an American businessman, philanthropist and conservative political donor. He was the co-founder of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. He donated to many charities including Central Park, the New-York Historical Society and the Museum of Natural History. Gilder was born in New York City.
Gilder died on May 12, 2020 at his home in Charlottesville, Virginia of congestive heart failure, aged 87.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from New York City
North Canton, Ohio

North Canton is a city in Stark County, Ohio, United States. The population was 17,488 at the 2010 census.
Demographics
References
Cities in Ohio
Jumbo slice

A jumbo slice is an oversized New York-style pizza slice. It's especially popular in the Adams Morgan neighborhood of Washington DC.
Pizza
Bernice Sandler

Bernice Resnick Sandler (March 3, 1928 - January 5, 2019) was an American women's rights activist. Sandler was best known for being the cause of the creation of Title IX, a portion of the Education Amendments of 1972.
She has been called "the Godmother of Title IX" by The New York Times.
Sandler died on January 5, 2019 Washington, D.C. at the age of 90.
References
1928 births
2019 deaths
American activists
American feminists
Educators from New York City
Writers from New York City
Manchester Ship Canal

The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide, long, river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894. At the time of its completion, it was the largest navigation canal in the world.
It consists of the rivers Irwell and Mersey made navigable for seagoing ships from the Mersey Estuary to Salford Docks in Greater Manchester. It transformed Manchester from a landlocked city into a major sea port.
References
Other websites
Virtual Tour
North West England
Canals in England
Salford
Manchester
1894 establishments in the United Kingdom
Al Hilal SFC

Al-Hilal Saudi Football Club (; The Crescent), also known simply as Al-Hilal, is a Saudi Arabian football team from Riyadh. With 55 total titles, they are the most successful club in the country.
Honours
Domestic Competitions
Saudi Professional League
(18) : 1977, 1979, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022 (Record)
(14) : 1980, 1981, 1983, 1987, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2019
Saudi King's cup
(9) : 1961, 1964, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1989, 2015, 2017, 2020
(7) : 1963, 1968, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1987, 2010
Crown Prince Cup
(13) : 1964, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016 (Record)
(4) : 1957, 1998, 2014, 2015
Saudi Federation cup Known as (Prince Faisal Bin Fahad Cup)
(7) : 1987, 1990, 1993, 1996, 2000, 2005, 2006 (Record)
(5) : 1986, 2002, 2003, 2008, 2010
Saudi Founder's Cup
(1) : 2000
Asia
AFC Champions League
(3) : 1991, 2000, 2019
(4) : 1986, 1987, 2014, 2017
Asian Cup Winners' Cup
(2) : 1997, 2002
Asian Super Cup
(2) : 1997, 2000
Arabian Gulf
Arabian Gulf Club Champions Cup
(2) : 1986, 1998
(3) : 1987, 1992, 2000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Cup_Winners%27_Cup
Other
Saudi-Egyptian Super Cup
(1) : 2001
References
Saudi Arabian football clubs
Riyadh
1957 establishments in Asia
1950s establishments in Saudi Arabia
Luria–Delbrück experiment

The Luria-Delbruck experiment, 1943, also called the 'Fluctuation Test', asks the question: are mutations independent of natural selection? Or are they directed by the selection?
Max Delbruck and Salvador Luria showed that in bacteria, DNA mutations happen randomly. This means they happen at any time, rather than being a response to selection.
So, Darwin's theory of natural selection acting on random mutations applies to bacteria as well as to more complex organisms.
Delbruck and Luria won the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine partly for this work.
The experiment
In their experiment, Luria and Delbruck grew bacteria in tubes. After a period of growth, they split up the bacteria into separate cultures and put them onto agar containing phage (virus). If virus resistance were not due to random gene mutations, then each plate should contain roughly the same number of resistant colonies. This, however was not what Delbruck and Luria found. Instead, the number of resistant colonies on each plate varied to a great extent.
Luria and Delbruck proposed that these results could be explained by the occurrence of a constant rate of random mutations in each generation of bacteria growing in the initial culture tubes.
References
Other websites
On Mutation lab
Microbiology
Genetics experiments
Eduardo de Pedro

Eduardo Enrique "Wado" de Pedro (born 11 November 1976) is an Argentine lawyer and Justicialist Party politician currently serving as the country's Minister of the Interior.
References
Living people
Bundessozialgericht

The Bundessozialgericht (German for Federal Social Court) is the German federal supreme court of appeals for social security cases. The court was created on 11 September 1954 to hear cases about public health insurance, long-term care insurance, pension insurance and occupational accident insurance plans. These cases usually start in the Sozialgerichte ("Social Courts"), then the Landessozialgerichte ("Superior State Social Courts"), before the cases wind up at the Bundessozialgericht.
The Bundessozialgericht is located in the city of Kassel.
References
Other website
Official homepage
Oxygen saturation

Oxygen saturation or dissolved oxygen (DO) is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen (as O2) which is dissolved in a given medium.
It can be measured with an oxygen sensor. The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%).
Fish, invertebrates, plants, and aerobic bacteria all need oxygen (dissolved in water) for respiration. In medicine, oxygen saturation refers to oxygenation. This means when oxygen molecules () enter the tissues of the body. Normal arterial blood oxygen saturation levels in humans are 95-100 percent. If the level is below 90 percent, it is considered low and called hypoxemia.
References
Physiology
Oxygen
Environmental chemistry
Riverhead (CDP), New York

Riverhead is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Riverhead in Suffolk County, New York on Long Island. The CDP's population was 13,299 at the 2010 census.
References
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Hamlets in New York (state)
Ridge (meteorology)

A ridge is a stretched out area of high atmospheric pressure compared to normal recorded pressures. It is also the opposite of a trough.
Related pages
Trough (meteorology)
Meteorology
21st Century Breakdown

21st Century Breakdown is the eighth studio album by the punk rock band Green Day. It is the band's second rock opera, following American Idiot, and its first record to be produced by Butch Vig. The band started work on the record in January 2006. 45 songs were written by vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong by October 2007, but the band members did not start studio work with the producer, Butch Vig until January 2008. The writing and recording process was three years long. The band used four recording studios and was finished in April 2009.
Songs on the album
"Song of the Century"
"21st Century Breakdown"
"Know Your Enemy"
"Viva la Gloria!"
"Before The Lobotomy"
"Christian's Inferno"
"Last Night on Earth"
"East Jesus Nowhere"
"Peacemaker"
"Last of the American Girls"
"Murder City"
"Viva la Gloria? (Little Girl)"
"Restless Heart Syndrome"
"Horseshoes and Handgrenades"
"The Static Age"
"21 Guns"
"American Eulogy"
"See the Light"
Special Edition
"Hearts Collide"
"Lights Out"
References
2009 albums
Green Day albums
Reprise Records albums
Punk albums
Grammy Award-winning albums
Salad dressing

A salad dressing is a sauce for salads.
Condiments
Fight Club

Fight Club is a 1999 American drama movie. It stars Edward Norton, Brad Pitt, and Helena Bonham Carter. The movie was directed by David Fincher. It is based on a novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk.
The story is about an unnamed character's path during a dark form of personal enlightenment (or eternal happiness) which is achieved primarily through fighting. The story is dark and, in both the book and the movie, contains strong depictions of violence. There are a large number of metaphors which are revealed in its complex and twisted storyline. Some would think that the morals and life guidelines taught in the story would be an extreme form of Buddhism, such as the idea of detachment from material possessions (things). The central character has dissociative identity disorder.
Cast
Brad Pitt as Tyler Durden
Edward Norton as the Narrator
Helena Bonham Carter as Marla Singer
Meat Loaf as Robert Paulson
Jared Leto as Angel Face
Other websites
Fight club wallpapers
1999 drama movies
1990s satirical movies
American drama movies
American satirical movies
Cult movies
Dissociative identity disorder in movies
English-language movies
Movies about terrorism
Movies based on books
Movies directed by David Fincher
20th Century Fox movies
Chatham, Virginia

Chatham is a town in the US state of Virginia. At the 2000 census, 1,338 people lived there. It is in the Danville, Virginia metropolitan statistical area.
History
Chatham has the oldest continually used building in Pittsylvania County. The building was an 18th-century tavern. It is now a house used by Chatham Hall faculty.
Chatham is the county seat for Pittsylvania County. It became the county seat in 1777. There is a large U.S. Department of Agriculture office to help farmers in the area. There is also a small office of the U.S. Forestry Service. The State of Virginia built a new prison where there used to be a work-release camp. This caused improvements in fire and water services to support the increased population.
There were no battles in Chatham during the American Civil War. On Confederate Memorial Day each year, the Daughters of the Confederacy puts flowers at the statue of a Confederate soldier. There is a walking tour of the downtown historic district. There are several bed and breakfast places on Main Street in historic Greek Revival homes.
Schools
Schools in Chatham include:
Chatham High School
Hargrave Military Academy
Chatham Hall, an all-female boarding high school
Gallery
References
Towns in Virginia
County seats in Virginia
1777 establishments in the United States
18th-century establishments in Virginia
St. Martinville, Louisiana

St. Martinville is the parish seat of St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Cities in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana
Parish seats in Louisiana
Volcano (1997 movie)

Volcano is a 1997 American disaster movie set in Los Angeles. Mick Jackson directed the movie. Jerome Armstrong and Billy Ray wrote the screenplay. Tommy Lee Jones, Anne Heche, and Don Cheadle star in the movie. In the movie, Jones is the head of the Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management (LAC OEM). Jones's character tries to save Los Angeles from a lava flow coming from a volcano in the La Brea Tar Pits.
Release Dates
Other websites
References
1997 movies
1990s disaster movies
20th Century Fox movies
1990s American disaster movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies about volcanoes
Richford, New York

Richford is a town in Tioga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,172 at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in New York (state)
The Sims 2

The Sims 2 is a 2004 video game and the sequel to The Sims. It is a simulation game made by Maxis and EA Games.
The game features a full 3D graphics engine. Like the first The Sims game, it has many expansion packs.
EA released a sequel, The Sims 3, in June 2009.
Changes
There are now six life stages: baby, toddler, child, teenager, adult, and elder. An additional young adult stage is added when you get the university expansion pack. Sims can now grow up and eventually die. In the first game, Sims would stay children forever and adults would stay adults forever. Teenagers can hold jobs as well as go to school.
Careers have gone under many changes. There is now a schedule; there are seven days in a week, and Sims at school are off on Saturday and Sunday. Sims can now get paid vacation days and start working 4-5 days a week. A meter measures job performance (their mood when they get to work). A new thing called "chance cards" lets the player pick what to do in a situation. Sims can gain/lose skill points, gain/lose money, or be promoted, demoted, or even fired.
Children and teenagers now bring homework home and their grades rise or fall depending on whether they finish it or not. Teenagers can hold jobs as well as go to school, but if their grades drop too low they can lose their job.
Other new things are wants and fears. These change when a want or fear is done or when the Sim wakes up from sleep.
Also, Sims can have aspirations (big things they want to do) like to have a family, to have many friends, to fall in love, to learn a lot, or to have a lot of money. A player can choose which aspiration they want their Sim to have, and the aspirations will affect their wants and fears. For example, a Sim with the family aspiration might want to have a child, but a Sim with the money aspiration might want to get a job instead.
Like in the first Sims game, a mother Sim and a father Sim can have a child. Also, children can be made at the start of the game or got from the adoption service.
One of the biggest changes in Sims 2 is that a Sim can go to a community lot (a place in the town like a store or a park). They can go there by using the phone to call a taxi.
Expansion packs
These are addons to the game which add new items, new places and new features. They are listed in the order that they came out in the shops. They are meant to come out 2 times a year.
There are eight expansion packs in total.
Stuff packs
These are packages that add only items to the game. They are less expensive than the regular expansion packs.
The Sims
2004 video games
Garwin, Iowa

Garwin is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is in Tama County.
Cities in Iowa
James Forbes (basketball)

James Ricardo Forbes (July 18, 1952 - January 21, 2022) was an American basketball player. He played for the United States national basketball team during the 1972 Olympics, where he won a silver medal. Forbes was born in Dale County, Alabama. He was drafted by the Chicago Bulls in 1974, but never played for them.
Forbes died on January 21, 2022 in El Paso, Texas from problems caused by COVID-19, aged 69.
References
1952 births
2022 deaths
American basketball players
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas
Sportspeople from Alabama
American Olympic silver medalists
Scirpophaga innotata

The Rice White Stemborer (Scirpophaga innotata) is a species of moth of the Crambidae family. It is found in Indonesia, Pakistan the Philippines and the tropical north of Australia.
Moths
Municipal borough

Municipal boroughs were a type of local government district which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002. There were similar structures in Scotland from 1833 to 1975.
There were boroughs in England and Wales since the middle ages. In 1833 a Royal Commission investigated them. 263 towns in England and Wales had some form of corporation. The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 reformed the government of towns. It set up municipal boroughs. They each had an elected town council, with a mayor, aldermen and councillors. To vote in the elections voters had to own property in the area. The councillors were directly elected for a three-year term, If there were more than 6,000 people the area was divided into wards with separate elections held in each ward each year. There were then 178 municipal boroughs.
The smaller boroughs which had not been reformed were mostly abolished in the 1880s by the Municipal Corporations Act 1883, except for the City of London Corporation.
The Local Government Act 1888 created county councils across England and Wales. Boroughs were divided into two sorts, with some becoming county boroughs which were entirely self-governing and independent from county councils.
There were over 200 municipal boroughs in 1974 when they were abolished by the Local Government Act 1972. In England, they were replaced by metropolitan or non-metropolitan districts and in Wales by districts.
Ireland
Similar things happened in Ireland under British rule. The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 set up the six largest cities - Belfast, Cork, Dublin, Limerick, Derry and Waterford as county boroughs.
References
1835 establishments
Local government in the United Kingdom
Grayson, Kentucky

Grayson is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
Villavicencio

Villavicencio is a city in Colombia. It is the largest city and the capital of the Department of Meta. Villavicencio is on the great Colombian-Venezuelan plain called Los Llanos. In 2005, 384,131 people lived there. the city was founded as in 1840. The city became the capital of the department in 1959.
Sources
Cities in Colombia
Capitals of Colombian departments
1840 establishments
19th-century establishments in Colombia
1840s establishments in South America
Daundre Barnaby

Daundre Barnaby (December 9, 1990 - March 27, 2015) was a Canadian track runner in the 400m. He competed for the Mississippi State Bulldogs and ran for Canada at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, finishing 6th in his heat in the 400m.
Barnaby disappeared on March 27, 2015 while swimming in the ocean at a training camp in Saint Kitts, and was declared dead later that same day.
References
1990 births
2015 deaths
Canadian athletes
Canadian Olympians
Deaths by drowning
Serket

Serket was an ancient Egyptian goddess. She was shown as a scorpion. She would sting "bad" people, but she could also cure scorpion stings and other poisons, such as snake bites. Because Serket could cure snake bites, she was sometimes known as the protector from Apep, the evil snake-god.
She was shown in art as a scorpion or as a woman with a scorpion on her head. Serket did not have any temples, but she had many priests.
Many people in ancient Egypt who were bitten by poisonous animals died from the poison. Because of this, Serket was also known as a protector of the dead. She was associated with fluids that cause stiffening during embalming. This caused her to become known as a protector of embalmers' tents and of the canopic jar for the intestine (Qebehsenuf). The intestine's canopic jar was the one associated with poisons.
Because she was a protector of canopic jars, Serket was associated with Aset (Isis), and Nebet Het (Nephthys) and Neith. Later, Serket began to be known as Isis. Serket came to be known as a part of Isis, instead of a separate goddess.
References
Egyptian gods and goddesses
Moritz Neumann

Moritz Neumann (born 25 February 2005) is an Austrian footballer. He plays as a forward for Austrian Second League club FC Liefering. He also plays for the U18 Academy team of FC Red Bull Salzburg.
Carreer
He started his career with SVg Mayrhofen then he went on to SV Innsbruck . 2019 he went on to the FC Red Bull Salzburg Academy. In February 2022 he debuted for FC Liefering in the second league when he was in the starting XI versus SKN St. Polten.
References
2005 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Players of FC Liefering
Association football forwards
Waqas Barkat

Waqas Barkat was born on 17 February 1990. He was born in Pakistan. He plays cricket for Hong Kong. Barkat is right-handed. He is a wicket-keeper.
Other websites
1990 births
Living people
Hong Kong cricketers
Pakistani cricketers
Karamanlides

The Karamanlides (Turkish Karamanlilar, Greek Karamanledes) are a Turkish-speaking, Eastern Orthodox Church group in Greece and Turkey, originally from Karaman in Anatolia.
During The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey the majority went to Greece along with Greeks from Anatolia, but some Families have handled it to stay in Turkey. They are two Theory's of there Origin, one Theory said they are ethnic Turks who became Christian other Theory said, they are ethnic Greeks who adopted the Turkish language.
The first Generation in Greece after 1923, were considered foreigners, because of their Turkish language and costumes.
References
Ethnic groups
Cartignies

Cartignies is a commune. It is in the Nord department in northern France.
References
Communes in Nord
Ralph Stewart

Ralph Donald Stewart (born December 2, 1948 in Fort William, Ontario) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 251 games in the National Hockey League. He played with the Vancouver Canucks and New York Islanders.
Other websites
1948 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
New York Islanders players
Vancouver Canucks players
Eye for Eye

Eye for Eye (1987) is a science fiction novella (or short book) by Orson Scott Card. It first began in the March 1987 issue of Asimov's Science Fiction magazine. In 1990 it appeared in Card's short story collection Maps in a Mirror and also as a Tor double novel, with The Tunesmith by Lloyd Biggle, Jr.. It won the Hugo Award for Best Novella in 1988.
Other websites
Publication information for Eye for Eye available from Card's website
1987 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
Hugo Award winning books
Berthold Woltze

Berthold Woltze (was born: 24th August 1829 in Havelberg; died 29th November 1896 in Weimar) was a German Genre Painter, Portrait Painter and Illustrator
he was a Professor at the Art School, one of his famous works is "Der lastige Kavalier" which translated as "The Irritating Gentleman" or "The Annoying Cavalier"
References
Other Websites
1829 births
1896 deaths
German artists
German illustrators
Tambo

Tambo could mean:
People
Adelaide Tambo (1929-2007), South African anti-apartheid activist
Oliver Tambo (1917-1993), South African anti-apartheid activist
Geography
In Australia:
Tambo River (Victoria)
Tambo, Queensland
County of Tambo, Victoria
Shire of Tambo, Victoria
Shire of Tambo (Queensland)
Blackall-Tambo Region, Queensland
In Peru:
Tambo River (Peru)
Tambo District, Huaytara
Tambo District, La Mar
Tambo Grande District, Piura province
Tambo de Mora District, Chincha province
Rio Tambo District, Satipo province
Tambo Colorado, archaeological site the city of Pisco
In South Africa:
OR Tambo District Municipality, Eastern Cape province
OR Tambo International Airport, serving Johannesburg, Gauteng province
Elsewhere:
Pizzo Tambo, mountain in the Swiss Alps near Splugen, Graubunden
Tambo, California, USA
Other
Tambo (Incan structure), a building that was used for lodging, storage, and record-keeping
Tambo (weapon), a very short staff used in martial arts
Tambo, a character from blackface minstrelsy
Shelly Tambo, one of the main fictional characters in the American television series Northern Exposure
Related pages
El Tambo
Ted Horlick

Vice-Admiral Sir Edwin John Horlick KBE FREng FIMechE MIMarEST (28 September 1925 - 12 November 2021) was a British Navy Vice Admiral. He was Director General of British Ships from 1979 to 1983, and as Chief Naval Engineer Officer from 1981 to 1983.
Horlick died on 12 November 2021, at the age of 96.
References
1925 births
2021 deaths
British military people
Choe Mi-Gyong

Choe Mi-Gyong (born January 1, 1991) is a North Korean football player that plays for the North Korea women's national football team and Rimyongsu Sports Club. She played in the 2012 Summer Olympics, and was known as being the only player to receive a red card in the women's tournament.
References
North Korean footballers
1991 births
Living people
Joseph Lombardo

Joseph Patrick "Joey the Clown" Lombardo Sr. (born Giuseppe Lombardi; January 1, 1929 - October 19, 2019), also known as "Joe Padula," "Lumbo," and "Lumpy", was an imprisoned American mafioso and a high-ranking member of the Chicago Outfit crime organization. He was alleged to be the Consigliere of the Outfit.
In February 2009, Lombardo was sentenced to life in prison. He died on October 19, 2019 at the age of 90.
References
Other websites
MSNBC.com - Attorney: Reputed mobster 'Joey the Clown' gives surrender terms (Associated Press)
ABC7Chicago.com - Joey 'the Clown' has a tough time getting medical help in federal lockup by Chuck Goudie
Lombardo To Be Defended On Government's Dime (Associated Press)
Illinois Police and Sheriff's News - Wanted: Joseph Lombardo Wanted
Illinois Police and Sheriff's News - Who's Who in the Chicago Outfit for 1997
Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator Website
1929 births
2019 deaths
People convicted of manslaughter
Chicago Outfit mobsters
London Protocol (1830)

The London Protocol of 3 February 1830 was an agreement between the three Great Powers (The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, The Kingdom of France and the Russian Empire), which amended the decisions of the 1829 protocol and established Greece as an independent, sovereign state.
As a result of the Greek War of Independence which began in 1821, and the Great Powers' intervention in the conflict in the Battle of Navarino (1827), the creation of some form of Greek state in southern Greece had become certain. In 1827, the Greek Third National Assembly entrusted the governance of the fledgling nation to Ioannis Kapodistrias, who arrived in Greece in January 1828. Alongside his efforts to lay the foundations for a modern state, Kapodistrias undertook negotiations with the Great Powers as to the extent and constitutional status of the new Greek state.
In March 1829, the foreign ministers of the Great Powers signed the first London Protocol, according to which Greece would become an autonomous, tributary state under Ottoman suzerainty, under an elected Christian prince and encompassing the heartlands of the Greek uprising, the Morea (Peloponnese), Continental Greece and the Cyclades. Kapodistrias' diplomatic manoeuvres, aided by the Russian victory in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29, resulted in a revision of the protocol on 3 February 1830. According to it, Greece would be fully independent from the Ottoman Empire, but its borders were reduced to the Aspropotamos-Spercheios line. Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (the future King of Belgium) was selected as the first King of Greece, but he rejected the offer.
The protocol was yet again amended in the London Conference of 1832, which established the final borders of the Kingdom of Greece and gave the crown to the Bavarian prince Otto.
19th century in Greece
Walpole, Massachusetts

Walpole is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Chiloé Archipelago

Chiloe Archipelago is an archipelago located in Los Lagos Region, in southern Chile. The main island is Chiloe Island (Isla Grande de Chiloe).
Additionally, in the archipelago are located 10 administrative communes related with the Los Lagos Region: Ancud, Castro, Chonchi, Curaco de Velez, Dalcahue, Puqueldon, Queilen, Quellon, Quemchi and Quinchao.
Related pages
Chiloe Island
Los Lagos Region
References
Other websites
Archipelagos
Islands of Chile
Lury-sur-Arnon

Lury-sur-Arnon is a commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Cher department in central France. In 2020, 661 people lived there.
References
Communes in Cher
Betty Wright

Bessie Regina Norris (December 21, 1953 - May 10, 2020), better known by her stage name Betty Wright, was an American soul and R&B singer-songwriter and background vocalist. She became famous in the 1970s with hits such as "Clean Up Woman" and "Tonight Is the Night".
Wright was born in Miami, Florida. Wright died of endometrial cancer on May 10, 2020 in Miami. She was 66.
References
Grammy Award winners
1953 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from endometrial cancer
American singers
American soul singers
American R&B singers
American gospel singers
American funk singers
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Miami
Writers from Miami
602

602 was a common year.
Events
A series of wars begin between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire.
Births
Li Chunfeng
Liu Rengui
Mu'awiyah, who started the Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs (approximate date)
Xuanzang, famous Chinese Buddhist monk
Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 690)
Taejong muyeol of Silla, 29th King of Silla(Korean of ancient kingdom, B.C 57 - A.D 935)
Zhiyan
Deaths
Empress Dugu Qieluo
North London line

The North London line is a railway line of the London Overground. It passes through the inner suburbs of north London, England. The route is a rough semicircle between the south-west and the north-east, avoiding Central London. The line is owned and maintained by Network Rail and London Overground.
The line began as a part of the North London Railway but there have been many changes. The current route is the result of a series of amalgamations, closures and reopenings. There is a mixture of third rail and overhead line electric power supply. It is an important freight route and is used by the Richmond to Stratford passenger services of the London Overground. It is part of the National Rail network. Between Richmond and Gunnersbury, London Underground's District line shares tracks with London Overground services. This part is also owned and maintained by Network Rail.
References
London Overground
Rail transport in London
Transport in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Transport in the London Borough of Hounslow
Transport in the London Borough of Ealing
Transport in the London Borough of Brent
Transport in the London Borough of Camden
Transport in the London Borough of Islington
Transport in the London Borough of Hackney
Transport in the London Borough of Newham
Lemon (product)

A lemon in business is a name for a product that is defective, unreasonably unsafe, counterfeit, etc.
Business
Santal people

The Santal are an ethnic group native to eastern India. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand state of India in terms of population and are also found in the states of Assam, Tripura, Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a significant population in Nepal and Bhutan. The Santals speak the Santali language, the third largest language of the Austroasiatic family.
References
Ethnic groups in India
Zarqan

Zarqan (, also Romanized as Zarqan; also known as Zarghanak and Zargan) is a city and capital of Zarqan District, in Shiraz County, Fars Province, Iran.
References
Cities in Iran
Fars Province
O Come, All Ye Faithful

"O Come, All Ye Faithful" (in Latin: "Adeste Fideles") is a Christmas carol.
It is not known who wrote the music and words. Many people thought that it was written in the 15th or 16th century. However, this is not true. It was first written down in the 18th century by John Francis Wade, an English Roman Catholic. The music may have been taken from the a French opera called Le Comte d'Acajou. In the opera, there is an aria with a melody like the carol.
At first, the carol only had four stanzas. Later, four more stanzas were added.
Samuel Webbe published the carol in 1760. He translated the carol to English as "Draw Near, Ye Faithful Christians". Frederick Oakeley translated the carol as "O Come, All Ye Faithful" in 1841.
References
Christmas carols
18th-century songs
Karen Karapetyan

Karen Vilhelmi Karapetyan (born 14 August 1964) is an Armenian politician. He became the Prime Minister of Armenia in 2016 after the resignation of Hovik Abrahamyan.
On 23 April 2018, Karapetyan became acting Prime Minister following the resignation of Serzh Sargsyan. In May 2018, Nikol Pashinyan was elected Prime Minister.
Education
Karapetyan earned a PhD in economics in 1989.
References
Prime Ministers of Armenia
1964 births
Living people
Agathis

Agathis is a genus of evergreen, coniferous trees, the kauri. They grow mainly in the southern hemisphere, including southeast Asia, areas of the western Pacific, and Australasia.
Agathis is a relatively small genus, with only 21 known species. As a conifer, it bears its seeds in conifer cones. Mature Agathis can become quite large, reaching 130 feet (about 40 m) in height and 10 feet (about 3 m) in diameter.
The genus is part of the ancient Araucariaceae family of conifers, a group once widespread during the Jurassic period, but now largely restricted to the southern hemisphere.
Description
Mature kauri trees have large trunks, forming a bole with little or no branching below the crown. In contrast, young trees are normally conical in shape, forming a more rounded or irregularly shaped crown as they mature.
Uses
In the logging industry it is generally referred to as commercial grade mahogany. Timber from the Agathis has several uses, including cabinet making, boat building, musical instruments, and in years past, artificial limbs. It also produces a wide variety of resins.
Species
References
Conifers
Johann Pestalozzi

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (12 January 1746 - 17 February 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer. He was a humanist and romantic in his approach.
He founded several schools in German and French-speaking regions of Switzerland, and wrote explaining his principles of education. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart".
In 1780 Pestalozzi published anonymously a series of aphorisms, entitled The Evening Hours of a Hermit. They are his earliest works which outline ideas that would later be known as Pestalozzian.
He drew from these experiences and published four volumes of a story titled Leonard and Gertrude. These four volumes are about the lives of four characters: Gertrude, Gluphi, an unnamed parish clergyman and Arner. Gertrude is a wife and mother who teaches her children how to live moral upstanding lives. Gluphi, a school teacher, sees the success Gertrude has with her children and tries to model his school around her teachings. A parish clergyman also adopts Gertrude's teachings. The work of Gertrude, Gluphi and the clergyman are helped by Arner, a politician, who gets help from the state. Through these four, harmony is achieved and a comprehensive education is offered to all people.
His next endeavor, Enquiries into the course of nature in the development of the human race, was not so popular. His education was built on the idea that all understanding can be achieved through a psychologically ordered sequence of learning.
Pestalozzi's method was used by the cantonal school in Aarau that Albert Einstein attended. It has been credited with helping Einstein's process of visualizing problems and his use of thought experiments. Einstein said of his education at Aarau: "it made me clearly realize how much superior an education based on free action and personal responsibility is to one relying on outward authority."
References
Swiss teachers
1746 births
1827 deaths
People from Zurich
Tumbes River

The Tumbes River ( or Rio Tumbez in Peru; Rio Puyango in Ecuador), is a river in South America. The river's sources are located between Ecuadorian El Oro and Loja provinces. It borders Ecuador and Peru. The city of Tumbes is located along the river.
Rivers of Ecuador
Rivers of Peru
Mount Parnassus

Mount Parnassus, also Parnassos, is a mountain of limestone in central Greece. It is north of the Gulf of Corinth. According to Greek mythology, this mountain was sacred to Apollo and the home of the Muses.
Mythology
Mount Parnassus is named after Parnassos, the son of the nymph Kleodora and the man Kleopompus. Parnassos was leader of a city that was flooded by rains. The people ran from the flood up the mountain slope. There the survivors built another city and called it Lykoreia. According to some traditions, Mount Parnassus was the site of the fountain Castalia and the home of the Muses. As the home of the Muses, Mount Parnassus became known as the home of poetry, music, and learning.
Mount Parnassus was the site of several unrelated minor events in Greek mythology.
In some versions of the Greek flood myth, the ark of Deucalion comes to rest on the slopes of Parnassus. This is the version of the myth told in Ovid's Metamorphoses.
Orestes spent his time in hiding on Mount Parnassus.
Parnassus was sacred to the god Dionysus.
The Corycian Cave, located on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, was sacred to Pan and to the Muses.
In Book 19 of The Odyssey, Odysseus tells a story of how he was gored in the thigh during a boar hunt on Mount Parnassus in his youth.
Parnassus was also the home of Pegasus, the winged horse of Bellerophon.
Parnassus today
Today, the slopes of Mount Parnassus have two ski centres. The Parnassos Ski Centre has two sections, Kellaria and Fterolakka, which together make up the largest ski centre in Greece. A smaller ski centre (only two drag lifts) called Gerontovrahos is across a ridge from Kellaria.
Parnassus is mined for its large supply of bauxite. The bauxite is converted to aluminium oxide and then to aluminium.
References
Balkan Mountains
Mountains of Greece
Greek mythology
Yuki Tamura

Yuki Tamura (born 31 December 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Guarani.
Club career statistics
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||8||1||0||0||1||0||9||1
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||Ehime||J. League 2||36||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||36||3
|-
|2007||Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||2||0||2||0
|-
|2008||Gifu||J. League 2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Gainare Tottori||rowspan="2"|Football League||7||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||8||2
|-
|2009||10||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2010||Guarani||Primera Division||||||||||||||||
62||6||1||0||3||0||66||6
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
62||6||1||0||3||0||66||6
|}
References
1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
People from Hiroshima
Kurt Eisner

Kurt Eisner (14 May 1867 in Berlin - 21 February 1919 in Munich) was a Bavarian politician and journalist. As a German socialist journalist and statesman, he organized the Socialist Revolution that took over the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918.
He is used as an example of charismatic authority by Max Weber.
Eisner was of Jewish descent.
References
1867 births
1919 deaths
Assassinated people
German journalists
German murder victims
Jewish German politicians
Jewish German writers
Ministers-President of Bavaria
Murders by firearm in Germany
Politicians from Berlin
Weimar Republic politicians
Writers from Berlin
Idempotence

Idempotence is a property that an operation in mathematics or computer science may have. It roughly means that the operation can be carried out again and again without changing the result.
The word idempotence was made by Benjamin Peirce because he saw the concept when studying algebra.
The meaning is different if we are talking about different kinds of operations. It can also be used to describe elements than an operation can take:
For a unary operation (or function), that we label f, we say that f is idempotent if for any x in the domain of f it is true that: f(f(x)) = f(x). For example, the absolute value: abs(abs(x)) = abs(x).
We say that an element c in the domain of f is an idempotent element if f(f(c)) = f(c). This means that f is idempotent if every element of its domain is an idempotent element.
For a binary operation, that we label *, we say that * is idempotent if for any x which the binary operation can take the following is true: x * x = x.
We say that an element c which * can take is an idempotent element for * if c * c = c. For example, the number 1 is an idempotent element for multiplication because 1 times 1 is 1.
Examples in the real world
If a call button inside an elevator is pressed then the elevator will go to the floor that is on the button. If it is pressed again then it will do the same thing. This means that the operation of pressing a button to make the elevator change floors is an idempotent operation.
If we mix two pots which have the same liquid in them into a new pot then we will have the same liquid in that pot. If we only care about what kind of liquid is in the pot (not how much) then mixing liquids is an idempotent binary operation.
The face of a clock looks the same if 12 hours have passed. So for the operation of "letting time pass on a clock" we see that letting 12 hours pass is an idempotent element (this is also true for all multiples of 12 like 24, 36, 48, ...).
Mathematics
Computer science
London Regional Select Committee

The London Regional Select Committee was one of nine regional select committees of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The House of Commons agreed to create the committee on 25 June 2009, after committees for the eight other regions of England were created in November 2008. 'Regional ministers' were appointed by Gordon Brown when he was made Prime Minister in June 2007. The committee was created on 1 January 2009. It ceased to exist upon the dissolution of Parliament on 12 April 2010.
References
Political organisations in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in London
Květa Fialová

Kveta Fialova (1 September 1929 - 26 September 2017) was a Czech actress. She was best known for her performance in Lemonade Joe. She was born in Velke Dravce, Czechoslovakia. She also appeared in Dinner for Adele (1977) and I Enjoy the World With You (1982).
Fialova died in Prague, Czech Republic on 26 September 2017 at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
1929 births
2017 deaths
Czech movie actors
Czech television actors
Kristin Herrera

Kristin Lisa Herrera (born 21 February 1989) is an American actress. She performs mostly on television. She played Lourdes Del Torro in General Hospital. She played Dana Cruz in Zoey 101. Herrera took a break from acting starting in 2008.
Herrera was born in Los Angeles.
References
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1989 births
Living people
Hartsburg, Missouri

Hartsburg is a village in Boone County, Missouri, United States.
Villages in Missouri
Roppongi Station

Roppongi Station (Liu Ben Mu Yi ,rotsupongieki) is a Railway station of Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway in Tokyo. There is an exit from the station into Roppongi Hills.
Neighbor
Tokyo Metro
Hibiya Line
Hiroo (H 03) - Roppongi (H 04) - Kamiyacho (H 05)
Toei Subway
Oedo Line
Azabu-juban (E 22) - Roppongi (E 23) - Aoyama-itchome (E 24)
Railway stations in Tokyo
Weirton, West Virginia

Weirton (pron. WEER-ton) is a city in Brooke and Hancock counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 19,746.
Other websites
cityofweirton.com
Cities in West Virginia
Disney Junior (Scandinavian TV channel)

Disney Junior is a Scandinavian television channel. It is for preschoolers targeting the Nordic countries. It does not screen advertisements. The channel is funded by subscriptions instead.
Television channels in Europe
Kaufland

Kaufland is a German hypermarket chain. It is a part of the Schwarz Gruppe. Schwarz Gruppe also owns Lidl and Handelshof. In 1984, the first store was opened in Neckarsulm and quickly expanded to become a leader in what was formerly East Germany. The chain operates over 1,200 stores in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia. Kaufland plans to open stores in Australia, and Moldova.
References
Other websites
Official website
1980s establishments in Germany
1984 establishments in Europe
Supermarkets of Germany
Neckarsulm
Sun and moon letters

In Arabic and Maltese, consonants are divided into two groups: the sun/solar letters ( , Maltese: konsonanti xemxin) and moon/lunar letters ( , Maltese: konsonanti qamrin).
In those languages, all nouns start with the word "al" (l) in Arabic or "il" in Maltese. Both words mean "the." If a sun letter comes after the consonant, the "l" sound in "al" or "il" is dropped and is replaced by whatever sound the letter makes. However, if a moon letter comes after, the "l" sound in those words stays.
In Arabic, the word for "the sun" is ash-shams because the "sh" sound is a sun letter. Meanwhile, the word for "the moon" is al-qamar because the "q" sound is a moon letter.
Rule
Below is a chart of the sun and moon letters in Arabic.
Writing
The l 'al- is written down in Arabic regardless of how it is pronounced. In the case of sun letters, a mark called the shaddah (W) is written over the sun letter. For moon letters, a mark called the sukun ()is written over the letter l lam in the al-.
Maltese
Below is a chart of the sun and moon letters in Maltese.
If a word starts with any of the moon letters, the word il- stays the same. However, if it stats with a sun letter, the word il-changes to ic-, id-, in-, ir-, is-, it-, ix-, iz-, iz-.
If a word begins with two consonants, it changes to "l-i-." For example, skola (school) becomes l-i'skola (the school).
References
Arabic language
Alphabets
First-Year Student

First-Year Student () is a 1948 Soviet movie directed by Ilya Frez. It stars Natalya Zashchipina, Tamara Makarova, and Tatyana Barysheva.
Actors
Natalya Zashchipina as Marusja (as Natasha Zashchipina)
Tamara Makarova as Teacher
Tatyana Barysheva as Grandmother
Kira Golovko
Igor Iroschkin as Serezha
Katya Ivanova as Mother
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1948 movies
FC Martigues

F.C. Martigues is a football club which plays in France.
1920s establishments in France
1921 establishments in Europe
French football clubs
Waseda Jitsugyo

Waseda Jitsugyo () is a Japanese private school with an elementary school (), junior and senior high school (). Waseda Jitsugyo was founded in 1901, in Tokyo and attached to Waseda University. This means that all students who have successfully finished this school are allowed to enter Waseda University.
Notes
Other websites
Waseda Jitsugyo
1900s establishments in Japan
1901 establishments
High schools in Japan
Waseda University
Centovalli

Centovalli is the name of a valley, in Ticino. It starts at Intragna, near Locarno and runs to the Swiss-Italian border. In Italy, the Italian part of the valley is known as Valle Vigezzo. There's the Domodossola-Locarno railway line, which is also known as Centovalley railway.
Geography of Switzerland