pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pacific Electric Railroad Bridge

The Pacific Electric Railroad Bridge or Southern Pacific Railroad Bridge is a historic railroad bridge in Torrance, California USA. It spans across Torrance Boulevard at Bow Street, a short distance west of Western Avenue. It was once part of the north/south Torrance to San Pedro spur line of the Pacific Electric Railway. The line was the railroad's first interurban line to San Pedro. After splitting off to the east from the Union Tool Company plant which was once a short distance south of the bridge, the line ended at a Columbia Steel steel mill (later United States Steel) by running up and over the east/west Torrance local line. It is the only part of the PE which crossed itself this way. This was due to the area's geography. If the railroad simply built a spur off of the main line, it would have meant that trains trying to get to the steel mill would have faced too steep a climb. The steel mill has since been torn down to make way for the national headquarters of American Honda Motor Company, but the remaining part of the Torrance line - which once had two separate tracks - was rebuilt in 2003 and is still in use for local train runs by the Union Pacific Railroad. Gone too are the Pacific Electric's Torrance shops at the western branch of the split, now the site of an industrial park and which still receives trains on the local line.
The bridge was designed by Irving Gill and was built in 1913 as part of the original layout of the city as drawn up by Jared Sidney Torrance and Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr.. It became the city's second entry in the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 1989 after Torrance High School. It is also listed with the California Office of Historic Preservation.
Though tracks and track parts remain on the bridge, it is no longer in use nor has it been for quite some time. There is no chance of the bridge ever being used to carry trains again, since the right-of-way at either end has been changed and the tracks removed. Even so, the Pacific Electric Railroad Bridge has become a symbol of the city as part of the Torrance Police Department's logo as of January 1, 2000, only the third such change in the department's history.
References
Other websites
Map and satellite view of the bridge at Archiplanet.org
Modern photos of the bridge including the tracks at Reprise.com
Rail infrastructure
Bridges in the United States
Torrance, California
National Register of Historic Places
Transport in California
1913 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in California
Viglen

Viglen is an IT company based in the United Kingdom. Viglen is operated by UK businessman Lord Sugar and most schools in the UK own Viglen computers. Some of the products that Viglen have made are the Incepta II and the Genrie Pro.
References
Technology companies of the United Kingdom
Flowery Branch, Georgia

Flowery Branch is a city in Hall County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had 5,679 people living here.
References
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Terrenc Griemink

Terrenc Griemink (born 6 March 1997) is a Dutch korfball player. He is a member of KV Groen Geel and the Netherlands national korfball team.
Griemink became a member of the national team in July 2021. With the national team he won the gold medal at the 2022 World Games in Birmingham, Alabama.
References
1997 births
Living people
Dutch korfball players
Andy Buckley

Andrew P. Buckley Jr. (born February 13, 1965) is an American actor, screenwriter, and stockbroker. He is best known for his role as David Wallace on the American comedy series The Office from 2006 to 2013.
References
Other websites
1965 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Screenwriters from Massachusetts
Actors from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Jaime de Armiñán

Jaime de Arminan Oliver (born 9 March 1927) is a Spanish screenwriter and movie director. His movies have been nominated for Academy Awards in the Foreign language movie category twice, in 1972 for Mi querida senorita and in 1980 for El Nido.
References
Other websites
1927 births
Living people
Spanish movie directors
Spanish screenwriters
Writers from Madrid
Nongmeikapam

Nongmeikapam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
References
Meitei surnames
Harold O. Levy

Harold O. Levy (December 14, 1952 - November 27, 2018) was an American lawyer and philanthropist. He was the executive director of the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation, the largest scholarship foundation in the United States. Levy was best known as Chancellor of the New York City public schools from 2000 to 2002.
Levy was born in New York City. He studied at Cornell University and at Oxford University. Levy died from complications of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in New York City on November 27, 2018 at the age of 65.
References
Other websites
Harold O. Levy at the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation
New York City Department of Education
1952 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Disease-related deaths in New York City
Lawyers from New York City
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from New York City
Ubirajara Penacho dos Reis

Ubirajara Penacho dos Reis (5 September 1934 - 22 December 2019), better known as Bira, was a Brazilian musician and bassist. He was best known for being a member of the house band of the talk shows Jo Soares Onze e Meia, broadcast on SBT, and Programa do Jo.
Bira died on 22 December 2019 from a stroke, aged 85.
References
Brazilian musicians
1934 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Nicholas Britell

Nicholas Britell (born October 17, 1980) is an American composer, pianist and film producer based in New York City.
Early life and education
Britell was raised in a Jewish family in New York City.
Influences
Britell stated composers like George Gershwin, Quincy Jones and Philip Glass as influences.
Personal life
Britell was married to cellist Caitlin Sullivan.
References
Other websites
Official website
1980 births
American movie score composers
Jewish American musicians
Living people
Musicians from New York City
Epiphyte

An epiphyte is a plant which grows on another plant, without being a parasite. The term is also be used for bacteria, fungi, lichens and mosses which grow on plants. However, most epiphytes (89%) are flowering plants; and about a third of all ferns are epiphytes.
An epiphyte gets its moisture and nutrients from the air and rain, and sometimes from debris accumulating around it. The ones in the temperate zone are often mosses, liverworts, lichens and algae, and in the tropics ferns, cacti, orchids, and bromeliads.
Sometimes such plants are called air plants, because they do not root in soil. This is misleading though, as there are many aquatic epiphytes as well. Epiphytic organisms only take support from the host; they are usually not parasites. Parasitic and semi-parasitic plants, like the mistletoe are not true epiphytes.
Epiphytes usually use photosynthesis to get energy; often they have adapted their leaves to be able to capture rainwater (and moisture from the air) if they are not aquatic.
Epiphytes are important for other species too, certain frogs live in the water reservoir of epiphytes.
References
Open Publication License

The Open Publication License (OPL) is a public copyright license for documents, it was published by the Open Content Project in 1999 to replace the Open Content License, which was published in 1998.
References
Other websites
Open Publication License text dated June 8, 1999.
Licenses
Open content
S. C. Jamir

Senayangba Chubatoshi Jamir (born 17 October 1931) is an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Odisha from 2013 to 2018. He was the Chief Minister of Nagaland, Governor of Maharashtra, Governor of Gujarat, Governor of Goa and Governor of Odisha. Jamir is a member of the Indian National Congress. He was born in Ungma, Nagaland.
References
1931 births
Living people
Governors of Goa
Governors of Gujarat
Governors of Maharashtra
Governors of Odisha
2021–22 FC Bayern Munich season

The 2021-22 season is the 123rd season for the German football club FC Bayern Munich.
Players
Squad
Other players with first-team appearances
Out on loan
Transfers
In
Out
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
Overall record
Bundesliga
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
The league fixtures were announced on 25 June 2021.
DFB-Pokal
DFL-Supercup
UEFA Champions League
Group stage
The draw for the group stage was held on 26 August 2021.
Knockout phase
Round of 16
The draw for the round of 16 was held on 13 December 2021.
Quarter-finals
The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 18 March 2022.
Statistics
Appearances and goals
|-
! colspan="18" style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Goalkeepers
|-
! colspan="18" style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
|-
! colspan="18" style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders
|-
! colspan="18" style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
|-
! colspan="18" style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Players transferred out during the season
|-
Goalscorers
Notes
References
FC Bayern Munich season
2022 in association football
Football in Germany
FC Bayern Munich templates
FC Bayern Munich seasons
2022 in European sport
2022 in Germany
Fort Orleans

Fort Orleans (sometimes referred to Fort D'Orleans) was a French fort in colonial North America. It was the first fort on the Missouri River built by any Europeans on the Missouri River. It was built near the mouth of the Grand River near present-day Brunswick. The fort was occupied from 1723 to 1726. It was the first multi-year European settlement in what is today the U.S. state of Missouri.
History
The fort was built on November 9, 1723. 40 French soldiers were supposed to be there.
References
Other websites
Drawing c. 1745 of the fort
Kansas City Public Library Quarterly, Vol. IX, No. 3 (July 1909), p. 78
"Plan for Fort Orleans" , Louisiana Digital Libraries
Historic marker
History of Missouri
Forts in the United States
List of rivers of Malawi

This is a list of streams and rivers in Malawi.
D
Dwangwa River
S
Shire River - South Rukuru River
Malawi
Malawi
Geography of Malawi
Lowell Bayles

Lowell Richard Bayles (January 24, 1900 - December 5, 1931) was an American stunt pilot who died while trying to break the world record for the fastest world speed record at the 1931 National Air Races in Detroit, Michigan. In the 1920s, he started his career performing all around the United States, leading up to his death in 1931. On 5 December that year, he was flying his Gee Bee Model Z when the fuel cap came loose, flew through the windshield, hit him in the head and knocked him out. The plane crashed and exploded into a huge ball of flame next to a railroad track, throwing Bayles' body 300m from the cockpit.
1900 births
1931 deaths
Kmart

Kmart (sometimes stylized as K-Mart) was an American company. Its headquarters were in Illinois. The company purchased Sears in 2005. It formed a new corporation under the name Sears Holdings Corporation.
The company was founded in 1962. Was once the third largest discount store in the world, behind Walmart and Target. Kmart has stores in the United States, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam. There were stores in Canada, Mexico, and Eastern Europe.
Kmart is known for its "Blue Light Specials". The phrase "attention Kmart shoppers" has been used in pop culture. Many movies were filmed at Kmart stores. These includes Troop Beverly Hills, Six Days Seven Nights, Rain Man, Beetlejuice, Madea Goes to Jail and Dawn of the Dead.
References
Other websites
Kmart Official Website (Corporate)
Kmart Official Website (Online Store)
Kmart2go - Official mobile online store
KmartDesign.com Microsite
1899 establishments in the United States
American department stores
Companies based in Detroit
Roger Wilkins

Roger Wilkins (March 25, 1932 - March 26, 2017) was an African-American civil rights leader, professor of history, and journalist. He was a journalist for The Crisis and for a short time wrote for The Washington Post. Between 1966 and 1969, Wilkins served as the United States Assistant Attorney General during the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a history professor at George Mason University.
In the 1990s, Wilkins was an anti-apartheid activist and strong supporter of Nelson Mandela. He protested many times for Mandela's release in South Africa during that time period.
Wilkins was a political writer and was known for writing Jefferson's Pillow: The Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black Patriotism (2001).
Wilkins was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He was raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He studied at the University of Michigan. He was married to Patricia King until his death. They lived in Washington, D.C..
Wilkins died on March 26, 2017 in Kensington, Maryland from complications of dementia, aged 85.
References
Other websites
Booknotes interview with Wilkins on Jefferson's Pillow: The Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black Patriotism, August 12, 2001.
1932 births
2017 deaths
African American politicians
African American writers
Academics from Virginia
American civil rights activists
American historians
American journalists
American political writers
Politicians from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Politicians from Kansas City, Missouri
Writers from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
Educators from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Educators from Kansas City, Missouri
Lauren Sánchez

Lauren Wendy Sanchez (born December 19, 1969) is an Emmy Award-winning American news anchor, entertainment journalist, media personality, actress, producer, pilot and entrepreneur.
Sanchez is a guest host on The View, former co-host on KTTV Fox 11's Good Day LA and anchor on the Fox 11 Ten O'clock News, and anchor and special correspondent on Extra.
Sanchez has also been a regular contributor on shows including Larry King Live, The Joy Behar Show and Showbiz Tonight.
She had an affair with billionaire Jeff Bezos.
References
Emmy Award winners
1969 births
Living people
American television news anchors
American television personalities
American television producers
American television actors
Writers from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Actors from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Businesspeople from Albuquerque, New Mexico
COVIran Barekat

COVIran Barekat is a COVID-19 vaccine developed in Iran by Shifa Pharmed Industrial Group, part of the Barkat Pharmaceutical Group. It is an inactivated virus-based vaccine. Iranian authorities authorized its emergency use. It is the first locally developed COVID-19 vaccine to be approved for emergency use in the Middle East.
References
COVID-19 pandemic
Rakesh Jhunjhunwala

Rakesh Jhunjhunwala (5 July 1960 - 14 August 2022) was an Indian billionaire business magnate, Chartered Accountant, stock trader, and investor.
References
Other websites
1960 births
2022 deaths
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev

Dzhokhar Anzorovich "Jahar" Tsarnaev (Cyrillic: Dzhokhar Anzorovich Tsarnaev ; born July 22, 1993) and his brother Tamerlan Tsarnaev planted bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013. The bombings killed three people and reportedly injured as many 264 others. On May 15, 2015, a Boston U.S. federal court jury verdict resulted in a death-sentence verdict for Tsarnaev for his crimes.
Early life
He and his family immigrated to the United States as refugees in 2002. Tsarnaev was a student at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. He had become a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 11, 2012.
Capture
During the bombings, on April 19, there was a shootout between police and the Tsarnaev brothers. MBTA police officer was critically injured in the course of Tsarnaev's escape in the SUV Tsarnaev was injured but escaped. On the evening of April 19, the heavily wounded Tsarnaev was found unarmed hiding in a boat on a trailer in Watertown just outside the police perimeter. He was arrested and taken to a hospital. It was later reported that he was persuaded to surrender when the FBI negotiators mentioned a public plea from his former wrestling coach.
Tsarnaev was charged on April 22 with using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death and with destruction of property resulting in death.
Conviction
He was convicted on April 8, 2015, and was sentenced to death on May 15, 2015. Tsarnaev allegedly later said during questioning that they next intended to detonate explosives in Times Square in New York City. Tsarnaev reportedly also said to authorities that he and his brother were radicalized, at least in part, by watching Anwar al-Awlaki lectures.
Notes
References
Other websites
Tsarnaev Family (Wall Street Journal)
1993 births
Living people
American murderers
American Muslims
American terrorists
Kyrgyzstani people
Muslim terrorists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Rigid bus

A rigid bus is a ( either a motor bus or Trolleybus) is a vehicle that is used in public transportation rigid chassis, a bus of this type is to be contrasted with an articulated or bi-articulated bus.
References
Other websites
Buses
East Side Mario's

East Side Mario's is a Canadian casual dining restaurant by Prime Restaurants. It has restaurants in Canada and the United States. The restaurant is known for Italian-American cuisine.
It has over 100 locations in Canada as well as some in the United States.
It is a sponsor of the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation.
References
Canadian restaurants
1987 establishments in Canada
Richard Armitage (government official)

Richard Lee Armitage (born April 26, 1945) is an American Republican politician.
He worked as an aide to Senator Bob Dole.
Armitage was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for East Asia and Pacific Affairs (1981-1983) and Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (1983-1989) during the Ronald Reagan presidency.
He was Deputy Secretary of State from March 2001 to February 2005 during the George W. Bush presidency.
Armitage is known for his role in Plame affair. Armitage said in 2006 that he leaked Valerie Plame Wilson's identity as a CIA officer to columnist Robert Novak, who revealed her identity in a July 2003 column.
References
1945 births
Living people
United States Deputy Secretaries of State
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Politicians from Boston
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Military people from Massachusetts
Padangbai

Padangbai is a small town in eastern Bali, Indonesia. It serves as a ferry port for travel to Lombok, The Gilis and other of the Lesser Sunda Islands. It is also a lovely beach town that is popular with those who prefer a small town atmosphere over the large scale beach party that is Kuta.
Besides the beach near the ferry terminal there is a beach just to the north known locally as the Blue Lagoon and the especially nice Secret Beach just to the south of town. These pleasant beaches have clusters of small family owned warungs that will be glad to prepare a meal and serve beer.
Bali
Towns in Indonesia
David P.I. James

David P.I. James is an American visual effects artist and supervisor. He has worked with Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures on a number of movies, including The Rocketeer, Flubber, Mighty Joe Young, Inspector Gadget, Mission to Mars, 102 Dalmatians, The Princess Diaries, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Old Dogs, Doctor Strange, and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2.
Filmography
Look Who's Talking (1989) visual effects coordinator
The Rocketeer (1991) visual effects production assistant
Hook (1991) visual effects production manager
Mighty Joe Young (1998) visual effects production manager
Inspector Gadget (1999) visual effects plate manager
Mission to Mars (2000) visual effects plate manager: Dream Quest Images
102 Dalmatians (2000) visual effects plate producer
The Princess Diaries (2001) plate supervisor
Kangaroo Jack (2003) visual effects producer
50 First Dates (2004) visual effects plate producer
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) motion capture producer
Zoom (2006) visual effects producer: Digital Domain
The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning (2006) visual effects producer: Digital Domain
The Hitcher (2007) visual effects producer
Transformers (2007) visual effects producer: Digital Domain
The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising (2007) visual effects producer: Digital Domain
G-Force (2009) story, executive producer
G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009) visual effects producer: Digital Domain
Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009) visual effects plate producer
I'm Here (Short 2010) visual effect producer: Digital Domain
Hop (2011) visual effects plate producer
Big Miracle (2012) visual effects producer
Silver Linings Playbook (2012) visual effects producer
After Earth (2013) visual effects producer
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) visual effects producer: MPC
Doctor Strange (2016) vfx producer: Method Studios
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017) visual effects producer: method studios
References
Other websites
Living people
American artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Walla Walla County, Washington

Walla Walla County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, its population was 58,781. The county seat and largest city is Walla Walla.
References
19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1854 establishments in the United States
Castelnuovo Don Bosco

Castelnuovo Don Bosco, formerly Castelnuovo d'Asti (Piedmontese: Castelneuv d'Ast) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, it is about east of Turin and about northwest of Asti. It is on a hill near the confluence of the Nevissano and Bardella.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Telly Tjanggulung

Telly Tjanggulung (1 June 1973 - 5 January 2021) was an Indonesian politician. She was Regent of Southeast Minahasa from 2008 to 2013.
Tjanggulung died on 5 January 2021, aged 47.
References
Indonesian politicians
1973 births
2021 deaths
Boettger's Colombian tree frog

The Boettger's Colombian tree frog (Dendropsophus columbianus) is a frog that lives in Colombia. Scientists have seen it between 950 and 2300 meters above sea level.
Scientists have seen this frog in areas that used to be cloud forests before human beings changed them. They have seen the frog hiding in agave plants during the day and by pools of water at night.
References
Frogs of South America
Union Gap, Washington

Union Gap is a city in the state of Washington.
Cities in Washington (state)
Yakima County, Washington
Airheads

Airheads is a 1994 American comedy movie directed by Michael Lehmann and starring Brendan Fraser, Steve Buscemi, Adam Sandler, Joe Mantegna, Michael McKean, Chris Farley, Ernie Hudson, Judd Nelson, Amy Locane, David Arquette, Michael Richards, Tracey Ullman, Rob Zombie. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1994 comedy movies
1990s buddy movies
1990s criminal comedy movies
American criminal comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Michael Lehmann
Movies about radio people
Diane Birch

Diane Birch (born January 24, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter. Her album, Bible Belt, was released in 2009. Her second album, Speak a Little Louder, was released in 2013.
She was born in Michigan.
References
Musicians from Michigan
1983 births
Living people
End–Ordovician extinction event

The End-Ordovician extinction event is the third-largest extinction event of the Phanerozoic eon. The Ordovician period followed the Cambrian and was followed by the Silurian. There were no living things on the land except for bacteria and perhaps some single-celled algae. The biota was almost entirely marine.
The extinction came in two steps, at the start and the finish of the Hirnantian stage, which was the last stage of the Ordovician.
1. Pre-event: warm climate, deep ocean anoxic event. ocean bottoms were anoxic (little or no oxygen). Black shales were laid down in deep ocean strata; carbonates laid down on oxygenated continental shelves.
2. First step: climate turns cold; turnover of water in seas. Rising anoxic water kills most of the plankton, and shrinking seas remove habitats. Cold stage with clear evidence of widespread glaciation.
3. Second step: warming ocean re-established; glaciers melt, anoxic conditions reach continental shelves and kills fauna again.
Basic mechanism: climate changes from very warm to very cold and back to very warm. Changes in ocean circulation were the results of the climate changes. Both benthic (ocean bottom) and pelagic fauna were faced with conditions they were unable to cope with.
More than 100 invertebrate families became extinct in the End-Ordovician extinction event, and a total of almost half the genera. The brachiopods and bryozoans were decimated, along with many of the trilobite, conodont and graptolite families.
The cause was probably the rise and erosion of the Appalachian Mountains. The rise put much CO2 into the atmosphere, and the erosion took it out.
Related pages
List of extinction events
References
Extinction events
Palaeozoic
Province of Segovia

Segovia () is a province of central/northern Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile and Leon. It is bordered by the province of Burgos in the north, Soria in the northeast, Guadalajara in the east, Madrid in the south, Avila in the west and southwest, and Valladolid in the northwest.
References
Segovia
Castile and Leon
Lieutenant Governor of Guam

The Lieutenant Governor of Guam is the second highest-ranking political figure in Guam.
List of Lieutenant Governors of Guam
Parties
References
Vigliano Biellese

Vigliano Biellese is a comune in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont region in Italy. It is about northeast of Turin and about southeast of Biella.
Vigliano Biellese is next to these municipalities: Biella, Candelo, Cerreto Castello, Cossato, Ronco Biellese, Valdengo.
Notable people
Aldo Brovarone (1926-2020), automobile designer.
References
Other websites
Official website
Pro Loco
Church: Organ
Settlements in Piedmont
Dasori

Dasori is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It has a population of 49,427 and is part of Jhando Mari Taluka.
References
Union Councils of Sindh
Tando Allahyar District
Manon Lescaut

Manon Lescaut is an Italian opera in four acts by Giacomo Puccini, first performed in Turin, on February 1, 1893, libretto by Luigi Illica, Giuseppe Giacosa, Giulio Ricordi, Marco Praga and Domenico Oliva. Puccini's third opera and the work that established his reputation.
Principal roles
Manon - soprano
des Grieux - tenor
Lescaut - baritone
Geronte - bass
Edmondo - tenor
Reference
The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
1890s operas
Pete Carr

Jesse Willard "Pete" Carr (April 22, 1950 - June 27, 2020) was an American guitarist and record producer. Carr was born in Daytona Beach, Florida.
Carr worked with Joan Baez, Luther Ingram, Bob Seger, Joe Cocker, Boz Scaggs, Paul Simon, The Staple Singers, Rod Stewart, Barbra Streisand, Wilson Pickett, Hank Williams, Jr., among many others, over the past forty years.
Carr co-produced Seger's Stranger in Town album which featured the hit "Old Time Rock and Roll".
Carr died on June 27, 2020 in Florence, Alabama at the age of 70.
References
1950 births
2020 deaths
American rock guitarists
Record producers
Musicians from Florida
Businesspeople from Florida
People from Daytona Beach, Florida
Henry the Young King

Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 - near Limoges, France, 11 June 1183) was the junior king to his father Henry II of England. He was crowned king in 1170, but never actually used the power. The meaning of this is that Henry II's territory covered much of northern France as well as England and Ireland. The idea may have been to have an official deputy for legal actions when Henry was in France, and to indicate the succession to the throne. In practice, Young Henry was not interested in government. According to his tutor, William Marshal, he spent his time in France going from one knights' tournament to another.
The boy was married as a child to Marguerite of France (1158-1197), daughter of the French King Louis VII. The intention was political, but it did not work. War came between Henry II and Louis. Henry joined in rebellions directed at his father. A civil war (1173/74) occurred in which Young Henry and his mother, with Scots and French support, fought against Henry II. The king won, just. Young Henry died ten years later, of dysentery. As he died before his father he never achieved power.
References
Crouch D, 2002. William Marshal: knighthood, war and chivalry, 1147-1219. 2nd ed, London.
1155 births
1183 deaths
Deaths from dysentery
Paulo Autuori

Paulo Autuori (born 25 August 1956) is a Brazilian football manager.
Mr Autuori would take charge of the senior Atletico Paranaense.
References
1956 births
Living people
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro
Cerezo Osaka managers
Kashima Antlers managers
Loganiaceae

Loganiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Gentianales, containing about 21 genera. Earlier treatments have included up to 29 genera. The current circumscription includes 13 genera, all tropical plants.
Gentianales
Plant families
TERGV

The TERGV (for Regional Express Train on high-speed line) is a model to run trains in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The idea is to run regional trains on lines constructed for "express trains", instead of the "classic lines". This works only in the case that the high-speed line is used only rarely. Running regional trains on such lines slows down the express trains, and costs more than running them on the classic lines. Despite these problems, the concept is very promising for distances between 100 and 200 km.
There are currently two lines that operate in this manner:
Lille-Dunkerque (30 minutes)
Lille-Calais-Boulogne-sur-Mer (55 min, 30 min to Calais)
To use these connections, an extra fee must be paid, which is three euros, per day. Another line, Lille to Arras has been opened. This line does not require the extra fee, and has proved very successful.
Rail transport in France
Hauts-de-France
Jane Gray

Jane "Jean" Gray (nee Cant; 1 December 1901 - 7 June 2014) was a Scottish-Australian supercentenarian. She was, at , the oldest living person in Australia between August 2012 and June 2014.
She was born in Newtyle, Angus, Scotland. She met her future husband Jock Gray on a blind date in 1922 and married him in 1927. Having arrived in Sydney, they ran a poultry farm. The couple were married for 60 years before Jock died. They had two children, nine grandchildren, 14 great-grandchildren and two great-great-grandchildren. Her daughter began taking care of her at their home in Smithfield, New South Wales in 2004. Her secret to longevity was to "eat plenty and don't drink booze or smoke". As of December 2013, she lived in a nursing home.
Gray died from natural causes on 7 June 2014 at a Smithfield nursing home. She was 112.
References
1901 births
2014 deaths
British supercentenarians
People from Sydney
Scottish people
Angus
Hsu Mei-chu

Hsu Mei-chu (born 1 August 1966) is a Taiwanese professional tennis player.
She competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.
She competed at the 1991 Taipei Open.
References
1966 births
Female tennis players
Living people
Theranos

Theranos is a bankrupt American technology corporation in the field of medical services. It was founded in 2003 by a 19-year-old Elizabeth Holmes. It is considered a big scam. For a long time, the founders advertised their startup as a breakthrough technology company. They claimed to have developed blood tests that needed only small amounts of blood. The tests could be passed very quickly with the help of compact automated devices developed by the company. Later the statements turned out to be untrue. In 2018, the company was declared bankrupt. Founder Elizabeth Holmes is under investigation. She was fined and banned from running any company for 10 years.
References
Carcagny

Carcagny is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin

Wisconsin Dells or Kilbourn City is a city in south-central Wisconsin, with a population of 2,678 people as of the 2010 census. It is surrounded by four counties: Adams, Columbia, Juneau, and Sauk. The city takes its name from the dells of the Wisconsin River, a scenic, glacially formed gorge that features striking sandstone formations along the banks of the Wisconsin River. Together with nearby Lake Delton, the city forms an area known as "the Dells", a popular Midwestern tourist destination. The Dells area has an estimated five million annual visitors.
The Dells area has many indoor and outdoor waterparks, proclaiming itself the "Waterpark Capital of the World". Other attractions include boat tours, golf courses, mini golf, go-kart tracks, water sports, horseback riding, a water ski show, museums, amusement parks, and a casino. Most attractions are located on the Strip, otherwise known as the Wisconsin Dells Parkway. Accommodations range from economical motels to RV parks to chain hotels to themed resorts featuring indoor and outdoor waterparks and other amenities.
References
Cities in Wisconsin
Adams County, Wisconsin
Columbia County, Wisconsin
Juneau County, Wisconsin
Sauk County, Wisconsin
Tennessee Titans

The Tennessee Titans are a professional American football team in Nashville, Tennessee. They are currently part of the South Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). They used to be known as the Houston Oilers, and played in Houston, Texas. The team was started in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL). The Oilers won two AFL championships before joining the NFL as part of the AFL-NFL Merger.
The team moved to the state of Tennessee in 1997. They played in Memphis for one season before moving to Nashville. For two seasons, the team was known as the Tennessee Oilers. They changed their name to the Titans in 1999.
Other websites
Tennessee Titans official web site
National Football League teams
1960 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Tennessee
Butler County, Kansas

Butler County (county code BU) is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 65,880 people lived there. Its county seat is El Dorado. El Dorado is also the biggest city in Butler County.
Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of . Of that, is land and (1.2%) is water. It is the biggest county by size in Kansas.
Major highways
Sources: National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau
Interstate 35
U.S. Route 54
U.S. Route 77
Kansas Highway 96
Kansas Highway 177
Kansas Highway 196
Kansas Highway 254
People
Butler County is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Government
Presidential elections
Communities
Cities
Andover
Augusta
Benton
Cassoday
Douglass
Elbing
El Dorado
Latham
Leon
Potwin
Rose Hill
Towanda
Whitewater
References
More reading
History of Butler County, Kansas; Vol P Mooney; Standard Publishing; 869 pages; 1916.
An Illustrated Hand Book, Compiled from the Official Statistics, Descriptive of Butler County, Kansas; 66 pages; T.B. Murdock; 1887.
Standard Atlas of Butler County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 69 pages; 1905.
Standard Atlas of Butler County, Kansas; Walter F. McGinnis & I.C. Thomas; 59 pages; 1885.
Other websites
County
Butler County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
Butler County GenWeb
Kansas State Historical Society
Maps
Butler County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
The Criminal Code

The Criminal Code is a 1931 romantic crime drama movie directed by Howard Hawks and is the first adaption from the 1929 play of the same name by Martin Flavin. It stars Walter Huston, Phillips Holmes, Constance Cummings, Boris Karloff, DeWitt Jennings, Ethel Wales and Arthur Hoyt. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Other websites
1931 drama movies
1930s crime drama movies
1930s American crime drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Howard Hawks
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies set in prison
Black-and-white movies
Tawny-bellied hermit

The tawny-bellied hermit (Phaethornis syrmatophorus), is a species of hummingbird. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
References
Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern.
Hummingbirds
Birds of South America
Baroque (band)

Baroque (written as baroque) is a Japanese visual kei rock band. Although all members of Baroque were men, they dressed up when they performed in concert. At their concerts, their received much criticism and so the band broke up.
MembersRyo (Vocals)Kei (Guitar)Bansaku (Bass)Akira(Guitar)
Japanese rock bands
Visual kei bands
Waterfowl

Waterfowl are any type of bird that spends a lot of its life in or near water. However, it mostly refers to the family Anatidae, which are ducks, geese and swans.
The term can be used more widely to include birds such as coots, grebes, moorhens, shorebirds and seabirds.
A very similar term is "water bird", which is used in contrast to waders, which walk about in shallow water.
.
Birds
Hold Up (song)

"Hold Up" is a 2016 song by Beyonce and is the third single from her sixth studio album Lemonade. It went to number 2 in Iceland, number 13 in the United States, number 11 in the United Kingdom, number 37 in Canada and Spain and number 52 in Ireland. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2017. It went to the digital charts in New Zealand, Denmark, the Netherlands, Greece and Norway.
References
2016 songs
Beyonce songs
Reggae songs
Promised Land

The Promised Land (, translit.: ha'aretz hamuvtakhat; , translit.: ard al-mi'ad; also known as "The Land of Milk and Honey") is very important in the Hebrew Bible. It is the land that God promised to Abraham and his descendants. Nowadays, it refers to the restored homeland for the Jewish people, a path to salvation and liberation, or both.
Related pages
Book of Genesis
Conquest of Canaan
Land of Israel
Who is a Jew?
References
Zionism
Pages with unreviewed translations
Jewish history
Hebrew Bible
Old Testament
Alpine County, California

Alpine County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,204, making it California's least populous county. The county seat is the census-designated place of Markleeville. There are no incorporated cities in the county.
Alpine County is in the Sierra Nevada, between Lake Tahoe and Yosemite National Park.
The county was founded on March 16, 1864.
References
1864 establishments in California
Haramont

Haramont is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Elliptical galaxy

An elliptical galaxy is a galaxy having an ellipsoidal shape, and a smooth, nearly featureless brightness profile. They are one of the three main types of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in 1936. The others are spiral and lenticular galaxies.
Elliptical galaxies range in shape from nearly spherical to nearly flat, (E7, one of the flattest types of elliptical galaxies is cigar-shaped) and in size from hundreds of millions to over one trillion stars. Originally, Edwin Hubble thought that elliptical galaxies may evolve into spiral galaxies, but this turned out to be false. Stars found inside elliptical galaxies are much older (and cooler; thus redder) than stars found in spiral galaxies.
Most elliptical galaxies are composed of older, low-mass stars, with a sparse interstellar medium and minimal (or no)star formation activity. They tend to be surrounded by large numbers of globular clusters. Elliptical galaxies are believed to make up approximately 10-15% of galaxies in the Virgo Supercluster, but are not the dominant type of galaxy in the universe overall. They are usually found close to the centers of galaxy clusters.
Elliptical galaxies and lenticular galaxies are also called "early-type" galaxies (ETG), due to their position in the Hubble sequence. They are less common in the early Universe, that is, in galaxies further away from us.
Related pages
IC 1101: the largest known galaxy in the cluster Abell 2029
Messier 87-Famous Galaxy in the Virgo Cluster, known for its unusual plasma jet.
Messier 49-Bright Galaxy in the Virgo Cluster.
Messier 59 -Found nearby Messier 60, another galaxy in the Virgo cluster.
Abell-2261 BCG -Has one of the largest cores of any Galaxy a.
References
Reason

Reason or reasoning is a way of thinking that uses logic and facts. People can use reason to decide what is true or best. It is different from obeying tradition or emotions to decide what things are best or true. In common English, it is using your head instead of your heart.
Reason has been an important part of philosophy since Ancient Greece. Many philosophers have thought about what reason is, and how to think using reason (Logic). Also, they have thought if religious thinking and faith are ways of reasoning, what we can know if we only use reason (Epistemology), and if animals or computers can think using reason.
Philosophy
Thought
Ravindra Prabhat

Ravindra Prabhat (born April 5, 1969) is a Hindi-language poet, scholar, journalist, novelist and short story writer from India. He has been an administrator, editor, researcher, and screenplay writer. He writes for a major daily newspaper as a historian. He has received several awards.
Bibliography
Books
Fiction
Taki Bacha Rahe Loktantra(2011) (Hindi)
Prem Na Hat Bikay (2012) (Hindi)
Dharati Pakad Nirdaliya (2013) (Hindi)
Non-fiction
Contemporary Nepali Literature (critical writings,essays and interviews,1995)
History of Hindi Blogging (2011) (Hindi)
Contributor to Hindi Blogging: Expression of new revolution (2011)
Documentaries
Naya Bihan (Screen Play Writer, 1992) television documentary film on Women's Education under the UNESCO related plan of Unit of Sitamarhi District in "Bihar Education Project".
Poetry collections
Ham Safar (1991) (his first poetry collection)
Mat Rona Ramjani Chacha (1999)
Smriti Shesh (2002)
Magazines
Urvija 1992 to 1995. Published at Sitamarhi, Bihar in India.
Fagunahat, 1990 to 1992a yearly magazine published at Sitamarhi, Bihar in India.
Samvad, 1993, editor of a special issue of this monthly magazine, whose principal editor was Basant Arya.
Sahityanjali, 1994. editor of a special issue of this monthly magazine, whose principal editor was Madhvendra Verma.
Hamari Vani 2010, a Hindi e-journal. he was consulting editor for the year 2010.
Parikalpna Blogotsav, 2012 - . He is chief editor of this Internet web journal.
Vatvriksh, May 2011 to May 2013. A Hindi magazine published in Lucknow. He is chief editor.
Parikalpana Samay, June 2013 - A monthly Hindi magazine published in Lucknow. He is chief editor.
Adaptations of Prabhat's works
Dr. Siyaram written a Book on Prabhat's works-
Ravindra Prabhat Ki Parikalpana aur Blog alochana karm(2017) (Hindi)
Notes
1969 births
Indian poets
Indian journalists
Living people
Constance Georgine, Countess Markiewicz

Constance, Countess Markiewicz, born Constance Georgine Gore-Booth, 4 February 1868 - 15 July 1927), was an Irish Sinn Fein and Fianna Fail.
She was the first woman elected to the British House of Commons, but she did not take her seat. Instead she and the other Sinn Fein TDs formed the first Dail Eireann. She is well known for founding Cumann na mBan.
She was also the first woman in Europe to be a cabinet minister, She was Minister of Labour of the Irish Republic between 1919 and 1922.
1868 births
1927 deaths
Politicians from London
Sinn Fein politicians
Fianna Fail politicians
Borgolavezzaro

Borgolavezzaro is a comune in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Glaze

Glaze is a layer or coating used on pottery or ceramics. It may be called vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel. Powdered glass is fused onto ceramics by firing to between 750 and 850 degC (1,380 and 1,560 degF). The powder melts, flows, and then hardens to a smooth, lasting vitreous coating on metal, or on glass or ceramics. This is done in a kiln.
There are many different types of glaze, some are used for decoration and some are used to make pottery watertight so it can hold liquids. Glaze serves to colour, decorate, strengthen or waterproof an item.
Glazing is important for earthenware vessels as otherwise they would leak water. Glaze is also used on stoneware and porcelain. In addition to the functional aspect of glazes, they can form a variety of surface finishes, including degrees of gloss and matte and colour. Glazes may also enhance an underlying design or texture.
Glaze is used on building materials. The Iron Pagoda, built in 1049 in Kaifeng, China, of glazed bricks is an example.
Ceramic glaze raw materials generally include silica, which forms glass when fired. Metal oxides, such as sodium, potassium and calcium, act as a "flux" to lower the melting temperature. Alumina, often derived from clay, stiffens the molten glaze to prevent it from running off the piece. Colour comes from iron oxide, copper carbonate or cobalt carbonate. Tin oxide or zirconium oxide make the glaze opaque.
References
Pottery
Crassulacean acid metabolism

CAM is a form of carbon fixation in which not much water is lost.
Photosynthesis
Songmaster

Songmaster (1980) is a science fiction book by Orson Scott Card. The story of the Songmaster occurs in a future human empire, and follows Ansset, a young boy whose singing voice has the power of making people's feelings stronger. This makes him both a possible healer and destroyer. He is trained in the art of singing so perfectly that his songs can show ideas and feelings better than words. This book was based on Card's short story "Mikal's Songbird".
Literary significance & criticism
One reviewer said that Songmaster was "Quite possibly Card's best published work, ever." The publisher described the story as "...a haunting story of power and love--the tale of the man who would destroy everything he loves to preserve humanity's peace, and the boy who might just sing the world away".
Awards and nominations
As with some other Card novels (Ender's Game, for example), this book started out as a shorter story "Mikal's Songbird", which was a Nebula Award finalist in 1978. Songmaster got the Hamilton-Brackett Memorial Award in 1981.
Translations
("Songmaster"), published by Meulenhoff.
("Master Singer"), published by Bastei Lubbe.
("Master Singer"), published by Nova Ciencia Ficcion.
References
Other websites
About the novel Songmaster from Card's website
Books by Orson Scott Card
Science fiction books
1980 books
American novels
Station-to-Station protocol

The Station-to-Station (STS) protocol is a cryptographic (information-hiding) key agreement scheme based on the classic Diffie-Hellman key exchange that provides mutual key and entity (party) authentication.
In addition to protecting the established key from an attacker, the STS protocol uses no timestamps and provides perfect forward secrecy. It also requires two-way explicit key confirmation, making it an Authenticated key agreement with Key Confirmation (Acronym: AKC) protocol.
STS was originally presented in 1987 in the context of ISDN security , finalized in 1989 and generally presented by Whitfield Diffie, Paul C. van Oorschot and Michael J. Wiener in 1992.
Cryptography
Iryna Joukova

Iryna Joukova (also known as Iryna Zhukova, born 22 November 1974 in Kiev) is a Ukrainian volleyball player.
She participated at the 2001 Women's European Volleyball Championship, 2004-2005 Women's Volleyball Champions League, 2011 Women's World Volleyball Club Championship, and 2012 FIVB Women's Club World Championship.
From 2003 to 2005, she played for Volley Bergamo. She played for VC Zarechye Odintsovo. In 2012 to 2013, she played for Rabita Baku.
References
Other websites
Her profile on the CEV website
Her profile on the Italian league website
1974 births
Ukrainian volleyball players
Living people
Sportspeople from Kyiv
Umatilla, Florida

Umatilla is a city of Florida in the United States.
Cities in Florida