pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
For Heaven's Sake (1950 movie)

For Heaven's Sake is a 1950 American romantic fantasy drama movie directed by George Seaton and was based on the 1949 play May We Come In? by Harry Segall. It stars Clifton Webb, Joan Bennett, Robert Cummings and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1950 romantic drama movies
1950s fantasy movies
American romantic drama movies
1950s American fantasy movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by George Seaton
20th Century Fox movies
Mubeen Saudagar

Mubeen Saudagar is an Indian stand-up comedian, actor and mimicry artist
Early life and career
Mubeen Saudagar started his career on performing at various social and cultural events. and the sets of ae, he meet comedian and actor Johnny Lever. jhony Lever asked him to go for an audition. he then got selected and after performed in the shows Johnny Aala Re. Saudagar's comedy shows include Laughter Ke Phatke, Comedy Champions, Pehchan Kaun, Yeh Chanda Kanoon Hai, Comedy Circus, Comedy Classes and Comedy Nights Bachao. In 2017 he was dubbed for Sony Yay's series Sab jholmal hai, he was dubbed for Honey,Bunny,Zordaar,Popat and all male charecters in this Series
Personal life
Mubeen Saudagar married Alsaba Saudagar at 2017.
Filmography
Television
Actor
Voice-acting
Movies
Actor
Voice Acting
Awards
References
Other websites
Indian comedians
Mbandzeni

Mbandzeni (also known as Dlamini IV, Umbandine, Umbandeen; 1855-1889) was the King of Swaziland from 1875 until 1889. He was the son of Mswati II and Nandzi Nkambule. His mother, the wife of King Mswati, died when he was very young.
Mbandzeni became king because his half brother Ludvonga II died before he could become the king. Ludvonga's death resulted in his mother Inkhosikati Lamgangeni adopting Mbandzeni, who was motherless, as her son. That made him king and her the queen mother of Swaziland.
His royal capital was at Mbekelweni. During his kingship, Mbandzeni granted many mining, farming, trading and administrative concessions to white settlers from Britain and the Transvaal. These concessions granted with the help of Offy Sherpstone eventually led to the conventions of 1884 and 1894. Those reduced the overall borders of Swaziland and later made Swaziland a protectorate of the South African Republic. During a period of concessions preceded by famine around 1877 some of the tindvunas (governors) from within Swaziland like Mshiza Maseko and Ntengu kaGama Mbokane were given permission by King Mbandzeni to relocate to farms towards the Komati River. Mshiza Maseko later settled in a place called eLuvalweni, where he was later buried.
Mbandzeni, still in command of a large Swazi army of more than 15000 men aided the British in defeating Sekhukhune in 1879 and preventing Zulu incursion into the Transvaal during the same year. As a result, he guaranteed his country's independence and international recognition despite the Scramble for Africa which was taking place at the time.
Mbandzeni died after an illness in 1889 and is quoted to have said in his deathbed "the Swazi kingship dies with me". He was buried at the royal cemetery at Mbilaneni alongside his father and grandfather Sobhuza I. Mbandzeni was succeeded by his young son Mahlokohla and his wife Queen Labotsibeni Mdluli after a 5-year regency of Queen Tibati Nkambule.
Today a number of buildings and roads in Swaziland are named after Mbandzeni. Among these are the Mbandzeni house in Mbabane and the Mbandzeni Highway to Siteki.
1855 births
1889 deaths
Kings of Swaziland
Punnala

Punnala is a small village in Kollam district, Kerala, India.
Geography
Punnala is located at 9.08264degN 76.914degE. The village is spread over an area of 69.1 km2
Transport
The area is well connected to the rest of the state by bus services of Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) and private transport services. Even though there are still places remains transportation facility is poor. The nearest railway stations are Punalur railway station and Avaneeswaram railway station
Politics
Punnala is a part of the Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha Constituency). Kodikunnil Suresh is the present member of parliament who won the 2014 Indian general election. Pathanapuram is assembly constituency and actor turned politician K. B. Ganesh Kumar is the current M. L. A. from Pathanapuram.
Political parties
There are Many political parties working in the village.
Indian National Congress
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Communist Party of India
Bhartiya Janatha Party
Indian Union Muslim League
Kerala Congreess (M) etc. are some of them. Also there are different communal and religious organizations working in the region.
Government Establishments
Government Higher Secondary School Punnala.
Government Homeo dispensary, Chachippunna.
Telephone Exchange, Punnala.
Post Office, Punnala
Village office, Punnala.
References
Villages in Kollam district
Christoph Schönborn

Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert Graf von Schonborn, O.P. (; born 22 January 1945), is a Bohemian-born Austrian Dominican friar and theologian. He is a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was the Archbishop of Vienna and was the Chairman of the Austrian Bishops' Conference from 1998 until 2020.
References
1945 births
Living people
Austrian Roman Catholics
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
People from Vienna
Heavyweight

In boxing, the term heavyweight is used for a specific group of people based on weight. Usually a heavyweight is a boxer who weighs more than 200 lbs (91kg). Below 200 is cruiserweight. A few organizations classify differently. In the late 20th century boxing organizations created many divisions so that fighters could fight people of the same size. This allows making more champions thus more profit. Most divisions only separate each other by few lbs. Before the 1960s there were 8 divisions.
The first heavyweight champion under modern rules was John L. Sullivan. Famous heavyweight champions have included Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, Muhammad Ali, Larry Holmes, Mike Tyson, Evander Holyfield, Vitali Klitshko, Tyson Fury and Lennox Lewis.
Boxing
Hafizabad District

Hafizabad District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Hafizabad is the capital.
Tehsils
Hafizabad Tehsil
Pindi Bhattian Tehsil
Gujranwala Division
Sinful Davey

Sinful Davey is a 1969 British American adventure crime comedy movie directed by John Huston and starring John Hurt, Pamela Franklin, Anjelica Huston, Nigel Davenport, Ronald Fraser, Maxine Audley, Robert Morley, Fionnula Flanagan, Donal McCann, Allan Cuthbertson, Eddie Byrne and was distributed by United Artists.
Other websites
1969 comedy movies
1969 crime movies
1969 adventure movies
British adventure movies
British criminal comedy movies
American adventure movies
American criminal comedy movies
Movies directed by John Huston
What About Mimi?

What About Mimi? is a Canadian-American children's animated educational television series. It was co-produced by Nelvana, Decode Entertainment and Studio B Productions, and produced in association with Treehouse TV and PBS Kids.
References
Canadian children's television series
Robert Plutchik

Robert Plutchik (21 October 1927 - 20 April 2006) was an emeritus professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He was also a professor at the University of South Florida.
Despite Plutchik's constant harassment from his classmates, he thrived in secondary school and surpassed his pupils. Cruel jokes surrounding Robert's last name set him back in his discoveries. Leaders such as Ronald Reagan have told CNN that if he wasn't taunted, Plutchik could have discovered more, possibly even benefiting society to a greater extent.
Plutchik received his Ph.D. from Columbia University and receiving an honorary degree in sociology from Buttcreek Community College. He was a psychologist. He authored or coauthored more than 260 articles, 45 chapters and eight books and edited seven books. His research interests included the study of emotions, the study of suicide and violence, and the study of the psychotherapy process.
References
Other websites
The Nature of Emotions, a model that describes the relations among emotion concepts. Plutchik's Theory of Emotions
The Nature of Emotions (American Scientist Vol. 89, No. 4 (JULY-AUGUST 2001), pp. 344-350)
American psychologists
1927 births
2006 deaths
Spellbound (1945 movie)

Spellbound is a 1945 American romantic psychological thriller movie directed by Alfred Hitchcock and based on the 1927 novel The House of Dr. Edwardes by Hilary Saint George Saunders and John Palmer. It stars Ingrid Bergman, Gregory Peck, Michael Chekhov, Leo G. Carroll, Rhonda Fleming, Norman Lloyd and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 6 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1946.
Other websites
1945 romance movies
1940s psychological movies
1940s thriller movies
American romance movies
American thriller movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Port-Launay

Port-Launay () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
Population
People living in Port-Launay are called in French Port-Launistes.
References
Communes in Finistere
Australian Greens

The Australian Greens is a green political party in Australia founded in 1992. They are the third-biggest political party in Australia, based on how many votes they got in the 2019 federal election. The leader of the party right now is Adam Bandt. Nine members of the Senate and one member of the House of Representatives are a part of the Greens.
Bob Brown lead the party in federal parliament from 2005 to 2012. In 2010 Adam Bandt was elected to the seat of Melbourne and became one of several crossbenchers providing support to the Gillard Labor minority government.
The Greens also discuss other issues than the environment, such as equality, human rights, peace and non-violence.
1992 establishments in Australia
Green political parties
Montreal Wanderers

The Montreal Wanderers were a professional men's ice hockey team that played in Montreal, Quebec at the Montreal Arena, and were one of the founding franchises of the National Hockey League in the 1917-18 NHL season. The Wanderers won a total of eight Stanley Cup challenges within a span of five seasons from 1906 to 1910. Prior to the formation of the NHL, the "Redbands" were one of the most successful teams in hockey.
Season-by-season record
1904-05 - Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL)
1906-08 - Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA)
1909 - Eastern Canada Hockey Association (ECHA)
1910-17 - National Hockey Association (NHA)
1917-18 - National Hockey League (NHL)
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against
Note: 1 = first half of season, 2 = second half of season
Honoured players
The following Hockey Hall of Fame players played for the Wanderers during some point in their careers:
List of NHL Wanderers players
Notes
Other websites
Sportsecyclopedia.com article
1900s establishments in Canada
1903 establishments in North America
1918 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in Canada
Defunct National Hockey League teams
National Hockey Association
Chino XL

Derek Emmanuel Barbosa (born April 8, 1974 in The Bronx, New York) is an American rapper and actor better known by his stage name, Chino XL. As an actor he has made guest appearances on the television shows Reno 911! and CSI: Miami, as well as movies with Kate Hudson, Luke Wilson, and Rob Reiner.
Discography
Albums
Chino XL has released 5 studio albums:
Other websites
Chino XL's Official website
1974 births
Living people
Rappers from New York (state)
Singers from New York City
Providence

Providence may mean:
Entertainment
Providence (1977 movie), a French/Swiss film
Providence (1991 movie), an American/Canadian film starring Keanu Reeves
Providence (band), 1970s-era American band
Providence (TV series), an 1999-2002 NBC television series starring Melina Kanakaredes
Providence (Wildstorm) is a fictional comic book character, part of the Wildstorm comic company
Providence (comics) is a fictional island, part of the Marvel Comics company
Outside Providence, a 1988 book and 1999 film by Peter Farrelly
"Providence", a Sonic Youth song that appears on their 1988 album Daydream Nation
Providence, a novel by Geoffrey Wolff
Organizations
Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
Providence College and Theological Seminary, Otterburne, Manitoba, Canada
Providence Health & Services, an American health care system which runs hospitals in Oregon, Washington, Montana, California, and Alaska
Providence Health Care, operator of health care facilities in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Providence Health Care Centre, a Toronto, Ontario, Canada health care facility, specializing in rehabilitation
Places
In the United States
Providence, Alabama
Providence, Kentucky
Providence, New York
Providence (Caswell County), North Carolina
Providence (Granville County), North Carolina
Providence (McDowell County), North Carolina
Providence (Mecklenburg County), North Carolina
Providence, Rhode Island, the largest and best-known city with this name
Providence, Utah
Providence County, Rhode Island
Providence, Ohio
Other places
Providence Atoll in the Republic of Seychelles
Providence Island of the Republic of Colombia
Religion
Divine Providence, by the influence of God
Providence Ministries, a Progressive Southern Gospel group based in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, United States
Providence Ministries, a Dalton Georgia Christian outreach program.
Providence (religion) the name of Jung Myung Seok's new religious movement.
The Sisters of Providence are an international order of Roman Catholic sisters headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada and founded in 1843 by Mother Emilie Gamelin.
Other
USS Providence
Breitenbach, Bas-Rhin

Breitenbach is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Apex (diacritic)

In written Latin, the apex (plural: "apices") is a diacritic. It is close to the shape of an acute accent ( ' ). The apex is used to show that a vowel is long and not short. That means that the vowel is pronounced for longer.
The shape and length of the apex can be different. It can even sometimes be different within the same writing. While pretty much all apices are made up of a line sloping up to the right, the line can be more or less curved, and is different in length from less than half the height of a letter to more than the height of a letter. Sometimes, it is put at the top with a hook, pointing out to the left. Rather than being centered over the vowel it changes, the apex is often drawn to the right.
Later, it developed into the acute accent, which is still used in some languages to mark vowel length. In particular, Czech and Slovak, Hungarian, Irish, and (a long time ago) Icelandic.
Details
Although not really known by some modern Latinists, the sign was actually used a lot during classical and postclassical times. The reason why it is not usually noticed is probably because of its smallish size and the fact that it is usually quite thin. People who look carefully will soon start to notice apices in the exhibits of any museum, not only in many of the more formal epigraphic writings, but also in handwritten palaeographic things.
Forgetting the apex, modern Latin spelling has recently started marking long vowels by using the macron. The macron is a sign that had always been used, and still is, to mark metrically long syllables (more recently called heavy syllables). This has caused confusion between syllable and vowel length in Latin, and most western dictionaries still cannot describe the nature of Latin vowels properly because of this. To make even more confusion, the acute accent is sometimes used in Latin to mark stressed syllables, just like in Spanish, when the macron is not used.
Identification with the sicilicus
The apex is often thought to be the opposite of another ancient Latin diacritic, the sicilicus, which is said to have been used above consonants to show that they should be pronounced as doubles. However, in his article Apex and Sicilicus, Revilo P. Oliver says that they are the same sign, a geminationis nota. This was used over any letter to show that the letter should be read twice.
If Revilo P. Oliver is right, the apex as a sign showing vowel length would have been made in the time when long vowels were written double. Then, when long vowels were not regularly written twice.
However, Oliver's view that the two marks were the same has recently been challenged.
Related pages
Acute accent
References
Alphabetic diacritics
Latin language
Tetonia, Idaho

Tetonia is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Arrested Development

Arrested Development is an American television sitcom. It is created by Mitchell Hurwitz. It was aired from November 3, 2003, to February 10, 2006, and 2013 to 2019.
American sitcoms
Ain Kaalep

Ain Kaalep (4 June 1926 - 9 June 2020) was an Estonian poet, playwright, literary critic and translator.
Life
He was born in Tartu, Estonia. Kaalep was a member of the Congress of Estonia. From 1989 to 2001, Kaalep was the editor-in-chief of the journal Akadeemia. In 2002, he was briefly a professor of Liberal Arts at the University of Tartu.
Kaalep died on 9 June 2020 in Tartu from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 94.
Works
Aomaastikud (1962)
Samarkandi vihik (poetry, 1962)
Iidamast ja Aadamast ehk Antimantikulaator (play, 1967)
Jarvemaastikud (1968)
Mae veri (Totomauna) (play, 1970)
Klaasmaastikud (1971)
Paani surm ja teisi luuletusi (1976)
Peegelmaastikud (I 1976, II 1980)
Kuldne Aphrodite ja teisi luuletusi (1986)
Maavallast ja maailmakirjandusest (essays and literary criticism, 1984)
Minu silmad ja sinu silmad (play, 1965)
Kolm Lydiat (essays and literary criticism, 1997)
Haukamaa laulu (1999)
Jumalatosin (2008)
Muusad ja maastikud. Luuletusi aastaist 1945-2008 (2008)
References
Other websites
Ain Kaalep and the Golden Aphrodite, Estonian Literary Magazine, 2/2011, 10-14.
1926 births
2020 deaths
Estonian poets
Playwrights
Estonian translators
Estonian educators
Literary critics
Essayists
Editors
Jagdeep

Syed Ishtiaq Ahmed Jaffrey (29 March 1939 - 8 July 2020), better known as his stage name Jagdeep, was an Indian actor, director and comedian. He appeared in more than 400 movies. He played Soorma Bhopali in Sholay (1975), Machchar in Purana Mandir (1984), Salman Khan's dad in Andaz Apna Apna (1994) and directed the movie Soorma Bhopali. He was born in Datia, Madhya Pradesh.
Jagdeep died at a hospital in Mumbai on 8 July 2020, aged 81.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Indian comedians
Indian movie directors
Indian child actors
Michelson–Morley experiment

The Michelson-Morley experiment was a scientific experiment to test for the presence and properties of a substance called aether. This was thought hypothetically to fill empty space. The experiment showed the substance did not exist.
The experiment was done by Albert A. Michelson and Edward Morley in 1887.
Since waves in water need something to move in (water) and sound waves do as well (air), it was believed that light also needed something to move in. Scientists in the 18th century named this substance "aether", after the Greek god of light. They believed that aether was all around us and that it also filled the vacuum of space. Michelson and Morley created this experiment to try and prove the theory that aether existed. They did this with a device called an interferometer. This experiment is a test of Einstein's special relativity theory.
The experiment
The Earth travels very quickly (more than 100,000 km per hour) around the Sun. If aether exists, the Earth moving through it would cause a "wind" in the same way that there seems to be a wind outside a moving car. To a person in the car, the air outside the car would seem like a moving substance. In the same way, aether should seem like a moving substance to things on Earth.
The interferometer was designed to measure the speed and direction of the "aether wind" by measuring the difference between the speed of light traveling in different directions. It measured this difference by shining a beam of light into a mirror that was only partially coated in silver. Part of the beam would be reflected one way, and the rest would go the other. Those two parts would then be reflected back to where they were split apart, and recombined. By looking at interference patterns in the recombined beam of light, any changes in speed because of the aether wind could be seen.
They found that there was, in fact, no substantial difference in the measurements. This was puzzling to the scientific community at the time, and led to the creation of various new theories to explain the result. The most important was the Lorentz factor, which is used in Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity.
Other websites
Early Experiments
Modern Michelson-Morley Experiment improves the best previous result by two orders of magnitude, from 2003
Michelson Morley Experiment & Null Results
Ed Notes & Books For All Semesters In PDF 1st Year, 2nd Year
References
Physics experiments
Relativity
Bakdash

Bakdash is an ice cream parlor in Damascus, Syria. It is famous in the Arab world for its "Booza (Syrian ice cream)".
Other websites
United in the Joy of Ice Cream in "backpackfoodie" site
Damascus
Shops
Mastic ice creams
FC Tokyo

is a Japanese professional football club in Tokyo.
History
The club was founded in 1935.
1935-1998: Tokyo Gas SC
1999-present: FC Tokyo
League title
Japan Football League: 1
1998
Emperor's Cup: 1
2011
League position
2011: J2 League - 1st
2012: J1 League - 10th
2013: J1 League - 8th
2014: J1 League - 9th
2015: J1 League - 4th
2016: J1 League - 9th
2017: J1 League - 13th
2018: J1 League - 6th
2019: J1 League - 2nd
2020: J1 League - 6th
Former position
Notable achievements
The team has some notable achievements.
In 2012, Kazuma Watanabe made three goals in one game against Sagan Tosu.
In 2009, Naohiro Ishikawa scored three times in one game against Omiya Ardija.
Related pages
Sports in Japan
List of Japanese football teams
List of FC Tokyo players
References
Other websites
http://www.FC ; http://www.FC
Tokyo/ J.League Club Guide
Japanese football clubs
Tokyo Prefecture
Tokyo
1935 establishments in Japan
Attention

Attention is when we point our sight and thought on a particular thing.
It is the behavioral and cognitive process of concentrating on a specific piece of information. Attention has also been described as the way we make use of limited cognitive processing resources.
References
Habits
Branches of psychology
Mother (1926 movie)

Mother () is a 1926 Soviet silent drama movie directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin. It stars Vera Baranovskaya, Nikolai Batalov, and Aleksandr Chistyakov.
Actors
Vera Baranovskaya as Pelageya Nilovna Vlasova, the Mother
Nikolai Batalov as Pavel Vlasov, the Son
Aleksandr Chistyakov as Vlasov, the Father
Anna Zemtsova as Anna, a Revolutionary Girl
Ivan Koval-Samborsky as Vessovchtchnikov, Pavel's Friend
Vsevolod Pudovkin as Police Officer
V. Savitsky as Isaik Gorbov, the Foreman
References
Other websites
Soviet drama movies
Soviet silent movies
1926 movies
Motion (disambiguation)

Motion refers to any physical movement or change in position or place.
Science
Motion (physics), any physical movement or change in position or place
Brownian motion
Circular motion
Equation of motion
Perpetual motion
Motion perception
Motion sickness
Glacial motion
Polar motion
Astronomy
Diurnal motion
Proper motion
Law and politics
Motion (legal), in law
Motion (democracy), a formal step to introduce a matter for consideration by a group
Popular culture
Motion (album), an album by the Cinematic Orchestra
Motion, the two female disco dance performers working with Deney Terrio
Technology
Motion control
Motion detection and motion detector
Motion graphic
Apple Motion, motion graphic software by Apple Computer
Motion planning, in robotics
Motion simulator
Valve gear, a part of a steam locomotive
Cinematography
Full motion video
Motion blur
Motion capture
Motion picture
Stop motion
Slow motion
People
Andrew Motion, poet laureate
Basic English 850 words
Basseri

The Basseri are a Persian nomadic and pastoral tribe of the Fars Province in Iran.Their migratory area is around Shiraz.The Basseri are a tribe of Khamseh confederation.
Basseries are Persian.They are the survivors of Pasargadean tribe, the biggest tribe of Persia in Achaemenid Empire period.They speak Persian with a different accent.They are Shia Muslims.
Sources
Ehsan Yousefi,nomads of Persia:The Basseri tribe;2014;Shiraz
Ethnic groups in Iran
Frits Korthals Altes

Frederik "Frits" Korthals Altes (born 15 May 1931) is a retired Dutch politician. He was a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He became Minister of State on 26 October 2001.
Altes was Chairman of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy from 15 March 1975 until 22 May 1981. He was elected as a Member of the Senate, taking office on 10 June 1981. After the election of 1982, Altes was appointed as Minister of Justice, taking office on 4 November 1982.
Other websites
Mr. F. (Frits) Korthals Altes Parlement & Politiek
Mr. F. Korthals Altes (VVD) Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal
1931 births
Living people
Dutch lawyers
Dutch party chairs
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from Amsterdam
Presidents of the Senate of the Netherlands
Olli Lindholm

Olli Lindholm (19 March 1964 - 12 February 2019) was a Finnish singer and guitarist. He was the lead singer of the renowned Finnish band Yo. He worked on a solo basis with his own four albums released on various labels including Maailma on kaunis in 2010 that peaked at number one on The Official Finnish Chart Suomen virallinen lista.
On 12 February 2019 Lindholm suddenly died following a seizure in Tampere, Finland, aged 54.
References
Finnish singers
Finnish guitarists
1964 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from seizure
Crewe, Virginia

Crewe is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
References
Towns in Virginia
Raj Reddy

Dabbala Rajagopal (Raj) Reddy (born Kattoor, India 19 June 1937) is an Indian computer scientist and Carnegie Mellon University professor. He is noted for his contributions to artificial intelligence, robotics and speech recognition.
Reddy developed Hearsay I, the first speech recognition system, which is the foundation for all commercial speech recognition programs today. He received his master's degree in computer science at the University of New South Wales in 1961 and his PhD from Stanford University in 1966.
Reddy served on the faculty of Stanford and Carnegie Mellon University for over 40 years. He has won many international awards for his work, including the Turing Award (which is computer science's greatest honor), membership in the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Legion of Honour, the IBM Research Ralph Gomory Fellow Award, the Padma Bhushan, the Okawa Prize, the Honda Prize, the IJCAI Donald E. Walker Distinguished Service Award, and the Vannevar Bush Award.
References
Other sources
"Raj Reddy." World of Computer Science. Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. Web. 8 May 2015.
"Dr Raj Reddy makes PCs talk the masses language." Businessline. 21 Dec. 2004 eLibrary. Web. 29 May. 2015.
http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1533587/Raj-Reddy
Turing Award winners
1937 births
Living people
Indian computer scientists
Stanford University alumni
Raorchestes shillongensis

{{Speciesbox
| image =Xmas frog Shillong.jpg
| status =CR
| status_ref =
| status_system = IUCN3.1Q
| taxon = Raorchestes shillongensis
| authority = (Pillai and Chanda, 1973)
| range_map =Raorchestes shillongensis map-fr.svg
|synonyms=*Philautus shillongensis Pillai and Chanda, 1973
Philautus (Philautus) shillongensis' Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001Pseudophilautus shillongensis Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009Raorchestes shillongensis -- Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, and Bossuyt, 2010
| synonyms_ref=
}}
The Shillong bubble-nest frog, Xmas bush frog, or Shillong bush frog (Raorchestes shillongensis'') is a frog. It lives in India. People have seen it as high as 1400 meters above sea level but not higher.
References
Frogs of Asia
Konstantinos Tasoulas

Konstantinos Tasoulas (; born 17 July 1959) is a Greek politician. He is the Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament since 18 July 2019.
He was Minister of Culture and Sports, Deputy Minister of National Defence and Mayor of Kifissia.
References
1959 births
Living people
Speakers of the Hellenic Parliament
Mayors
Chitral

Chitral (, ) is the capital of the Chitral District in Pakistan. It is on the western bank of the Chitral River. It has a population of 20,000.
Languages
Chitral is place of great language diversity. The official language are Urdu and English, though Khowar is the most spoken language. Most languages in Chitral are either Dardic languages, Iranic languages, or Nuristani languages. Around 24 languages are spoken in Chitral including Central Asian Arabic, Balti, Burushaski, Dameli, Domaaki, Dari Farsi, Dangariwar, Gawar-Bati, Kalasha-mun, Kalkoti, Kamviri, Kohistani, Khowar, Kyrgyz, Madaklashti, Munji, Palula, Shekhani, Shina, Torwali, Turkmen, Ushoji, Uzbek, Waigali, Wakhi, and Yidgha.
Norwegian linguist Georg Morgenstierne wrote that Chitral is the area of the greatest linguistic diversity in the world.
References
Other websites
Cities in Pakistan
London Metal Exchange

The London Metal Exchange (LME) is the world's largest market in metals. The activities are organised into categories.
The main categories are forward contracts, futures contracts and options on base metals. Forward contracts decide the price at a time in the future. Futures contracts set the price for delivery at a specific time, but is between parties not yet known to each other. Options are the right but not the obligation to buy or sell.
The Exchange also offers contracts on ferrous metal (iron(II) oxide) and precious metals. The LME also allows for cash trading. It offers hedging, an investment to avoid loss, worldwide reference pricing, and the option of physical delivery to settle contracts.
Select traders do go into a ring (of seats), and round the ring are a couple of dozen other traders. These days there are people on phones and many trades are done electronically. "Open-outcry" is the oldest method of dealing, and it is done along with all the modern methods. This qualified to deal in the ring are a select group of nine companies. About 100 other companies do trade at the LME.
References
Metals
City of London
Financial organizations
Christopher McDonald

Christopher McDonald (born November 16, 1954) is an American actor. He is known for his acting roles in Happy Gilmore, Requiem for a Dream, and 61*.
References
Other websites
1954 births
Actors from New York City
Comedians from New York City
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American Roman Catholics
Foolscap

Foolscap is paper cut to the size of , sometimes . This was a traditional paper size used in Europe and the British Commonwealth, before the adoption of the international standard A4 paper, the most common standard size in the world. Foolscap was so called because, in the 18th century, folio-sized paper had the watermark of a fool's cap on it. Basically, it is taller than A4.
In North America, foolscap is lined, legal-size paper. In some South American countries it is called "oficio", because it is or was used for official documents.
Paper of the size is now very rarely used, being superseded by A4 (297 x 210). However, some ring binders, lever arch files, suspended files, and other filing related things still use the size.
Paper
Stephen P. Cohen

Stephen Philip Cohen (1936 - October 27, 2019) was an American political scientist and professor of security studies. He was a known expert on Pakistan, India, and South Asian security.
He was a senior fellow in foreign policy studies at the Brookings Institution and an emeritus professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He authored at least 12 books, and named as one of America's 500 most influential people in foreign affairs.
Cohen died on October 27, 2019 at the age of 83.
References
Other websites
Brookings Institution profile
A complete review of Stephen P. Cohen on an Indian website
1936 births
2019 deaths
American political scientists
University of Illinois faculty
Writers from Chicago
Academics from Washington, D.C.
Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh is a city in the American state of Pennsylvania. The city was known in the 20th century for its steel industry. However, with the collapse of United States steel industry in the 1980s, the economy of Pittsburgh is now mostly based on healthcare, education, technology, and financial services. It is also the home of the Pittsburgh Steelers football team, who have won the Super Bowl six times, the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Pittsburgh Penguins hockey team, the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University. Pittsburgh is the county seat for Allegheny County. The Allegheny and Monongahela rivers meet in Pittsburgh and form the Ohio River.
Pittsburgh is in western Pennsylvania. It has a population of 312,819 people and a metro population of almost 2,400,040 people. Pittsburgh was the most livable city in the United States in 2007. In 2014 Pittsburgh was ranked sixth in the country for polluted cities by the American Lung Association.
The French and Indian War started when George Washington went to Pittsburgh. Later it was a center of the Whiskey Rebellion.
The city is served by the Pittsburgh International Airport.
References
Other websites
Pittsburgh -Citizendium
County seats in Pennsylvania
1758 establishments
1750s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Beuste

Beuste is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Beuste
Officer of arms

An officer of arms is someone who is chosen by a sovereign or state to do some important jobs relating to:
heraldry and coats of arms
arranging and conducting ceremonies of state
keeping and interpreting heraldic and genealogical records.
In Scotland the officers of arms maintain the old job of a herald - passing on royal messages. Three days after parliament is dissolved in London the royal proclamation is read out at the Mercat Cross in Edinburgh. They wait three days because this is how long it used to take to get from London to Edinburgh by horse.
Heraldry
Government occupations
Echt-Susteren

Echt-Susteren is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 31,738 people lived there.
It was created from the former municipalities of Echt and Susteren on 1 January 2003.
2003 establishments in the Netherlands
Municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Manuae (Cook Islands)

Manuae is an uninhabited atoll in the southern group of the Cook Islands, 100 kilometres south-east of Aitutaki. It is administratively part of Aitutaki, but does not belong to any district or tapere of Aitutaki. It is, however, part of Arutanga-Reureu-Nikaupara Constituency.
Manuae is a true atoll sitting on the peak of a submerged volcano which descends 4000 meters to the ocean bed. It is made of two horseshoe-shaped islets, Manuae to the west and Te Au O Tu to the east, with a total area of 6.17 km2on either side of a lagoon about 7 km x 4 km. Manuae has an area of 2.1 km2, and Te Au O TU of 3.9 km2. The lagoon is 13 km2 in size, shallow and subject to large shifting sand banks. A coral reef surrounds the atoll and there is no passage through the reef.
The island is a marine park and is an important breeding ground for seabirds and marine turtles in the Central Pacific. The offshore waters of Manuae are good fishing grounds.
Captain James Cook sighted Manuae on September 23 1773. It was the first of the Cook Islands he voyaged to. Initially he named it Sandwich Island but changed it to Hervey Island in honor of Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol, then a Lord of the Admiralty when he decided instead give the name of "Sandwich Islands" to the Hawaiian Islands. This name was later corrupted to Hervey's Island, or Hervey's Isle, and later applied to the entire southern group, as the Hervey Islands. This name remained popular until 1824 when the islands were renamed the Cook Islands by the Russian cartographer von Krusenstern, in honor of Capt. Cook who had died in 1779.
In April/May 1965 the population briefly increased to 120 when the island was visited by six expeditions (from Australia, N.Z., Japan, U.K., U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.) to observe the total solar eclipse of 1965 May 30.
Norwegian author Erlend Loe writes humorously about an expedition to Manuae in his 1999 novel "L".
The island once supported a small copra industry with a settlement established next to the small reef passage less than one kilometer northeast of Turakino, the westernmost point of the atoll. The passage, at the sea entrance, is less than 4 metres wide and in a swell is exceedingly dangerous without local knowledge.
The island has an airfield that has been out of use for several years.
Fishermen from Aitutaki occasionally organise trips to Manuae. All regulations applicable to Aitutaki, apply to Manuae as well.
The population peaked with 32 at the 1956 census, but twenty years later the island was abandoned:
1956: 32
1961: 18
1966: 16
1971: 2
1976: -
References
Cook Islands
Atolls
Life at the Top

Life at the Top is a 1965 British drama movie directed by Ted Kotcheff and was based on the novel of the same name by John Braine and is the sequel to the 1959 movie Room at the Top. It stars Laurence Harvey, Jean Simmons, Nigel Davenport, Honor Blackman, Michael Craig, Robert Morley, Allan Cuthbertson, Harry Fowler, Geoffrey Bayldon, David Oxley, Denis Quilley and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Other websites
1965 drama movies
British drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Ted Kotcheff
Gag

A gag is any thing used to stop a person from speaking. This is done by blocking or muffling the person's mouth and making it difficult for them to move their jaw and tongue in a normal way.
Gags are very commonly seen in BDSM and bondage fantasy. Many different items can be used, ranging from a hand simply clamped over the victim's mouth, to a scarf tied between the jaws, to adhesive tape placed over the mouth and face to seal the lips. There are also many kinds of specially-made gags, which usually strap around or behind the head. Special gags of that kind are usually made from leather or rubber.
In real life it is quite difficult to gag a person in such a way that their speech cannot be understood at all, and it is almost impossible to prevent a gagged person from making some kind of sound. It is also a risk to the person's safety, as the more tightly and securely someone is gagged, the greater the risk that they will choke or suffocate.
BDSM
Rossana Podestà

Rossana Podesta (20 June 1934 - 10 December 2013) was an Italian actress. She was known for her roles in Ulysses and Helen of Troy.
She was born in Tripoli, in the Italian colony of Libya on 20 June 1934. She was married to Walter Bonatti until his death in 2011. Podesta died from brain cancer in Rome, Italy, aged 79.
Some movies
1950: Strano appuntamento
1951: Domani e un altro giorno
1951: The Seven Dwarfs to the Rescue
1952: Il moschettiere fantasma
1955: Ulysses
1958: Helen of Troy
1964: Le ore nude
1974: The Sensual Man
1985: Segreti, segreti
References
Other websites
1934 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian stage actors
People from Tripoli
Antonello da Messina

Antonello da Messina (born 1429 or 1430 in Messina - died 1479) was an Italian painter from the 15th century. His real name was Antonio di Giovanni de Antonio, the da Messina simply refers to his origin. He was the first to use light in his paintings. With this, he was able to add some of what the Dutch painters of the time did already. Today, he is mostly known for portraits.
Related pages
List of Italian painters
Italian painters
People from Messina
1430s births
1479 deaths
Henry M. Rice

Henry Mower Rice (November 29, 1816January 15, 1894) was a fur trader, commissioner and one of the first United States Senators from Minnesota.
Early life
Henry Rice was born on November 29, 1816, in Waitsfield, Vermont. His parents were Edmund Rice and Ellen Durkee Rice. He went to school in Detroit and Kalamazoo, Michigan. He became a sutler at Fort Atkinson, Iowa. In 1847 he negotiated a treaty with the Winnebago and Chippewa Native American tribes. In 1848 he settled in St. Paul, Minnesota. He helped negotiate the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux in 1851. This opened up parts of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River to white settlers. In 1856 Rice, as a territorial delegate, worked hard to secure Congressional land grants for the railroads in Minnesota.
Political career
Rice lobbied for the bill to establish Minnesota Territory. He was the delegate to the 33rd and 34th Congresses from March 4, 1853 to March 4, 1857. His work on the Minnesota Enabling Act, passed by Congress on Feb. 26, 1857, facilitated Minnesota's statehood.
In 1858 Rice was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate. He served from Minnesota's admittance on May 11, 1858 to March 4, 1863 in the 35th, 36th, and 37th Congresses and was not a candidate for re-election. He supported John C. Breckinridge for president in 1860.
Rice also served as a member of the board of regents of the University of Minnesota from 1851 to 1859. Rice was president of the Minnesota Historical Society. In 1865 he ran for Governor of Minnesota, but lost the election. From 1878 to 1884 he was the treasurer of Ramsey County, Minnesota. As a United States Commissioner during 1887 - 1888, he continued to negotiate treaties with the Indians. He died on January 15, 1894, while on a visit to San Antonio, Texas.
Legacy
In 1916, the state of Minnesota donated a marble statue of Rice to the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol. Rice County, Minnesota is named for him. His brother Edmund Rice served in the U.S. House of Representatives. Rice Park in St. Paul, Minnesota is named for him.
References
1816 births
1894 deaths
United States senators from Minnesota
People from Kalamazoo, Michigan
Politicians from Michigan
Operator

In mathematics, an operator is a function (like addition) that acts on one or more numbers to create a new number.
The most known operators are those used for the first four arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (, , , ).
List of operators
Addition:
Subtraction:
Multiplication:
Division:
Exponentiation:
Root (radical):
Logarithm:
Modulation: Factorial:
Summation:
Product:
Limit:
Nearest integer:
Floor:
Ceiling:
Integer part:
Fractional part: {}
Related pages
Function
Operation (mathematics)
Operand
Mathematical notation
Arithmetics
Algebra
University of Oklahoma Press

The University of Oklahoma Press (OU Press) is the publishing department of the University of Oklahoma. The fifth president of the University of Oklahoma, William Bennett Bizzell, created it in 1929. It was the first university press to be created in the American Southwest. The OU Press is one of the biggest presses in the region, and it is mostly known for its titles on the American West and Native Americans. The press publishes texts on other subjects as well, such as wildlife and ancient languages.
References
20th-century establishments in Oklahoma
1929 establishments in the United States
Publishing companies of the United States
University presses
Norman, Oklahoma
Companies based in Oklahoma
Adolphe Thiers

Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers ( , ; 15 April 17973 September 1877) was a French politician and historian. He was the second elected President of France, and the first President of the French Third Republic.
Other websites
Site listing links to the Third Republic
Page on history of French flags with brief outline of formation of the Third Republic
"The Reds' Last Stand" - about the Paris Commune on metropoleparis.com
Timeline of The Civil War in France (including the Paris Commune)
1797 births
1877 deaths
Deaths from stroke
French historians
Presidents of France
Prime Ministers of France
Cable tester

Cable tester is a device used used to test cables. It finds breaks, faults or cracks in cabling. Such devices may use electrical pulses or echoes for testing.
Measuring tools
Lapland Week

The Lapland Week () is a major annual conference. It is held by the Swedish Pentecostal Movement. It occurs in June-July every year in Husbondliden in Lycksele Municipality in Sweden. It was first held in 1919 as a Bible studies week.
The event is one of the larger Christian festivals in northern Sweden.
References
Other websites
webbplats
1919 establishments in Sweden
Protestantism in Sweden
Alexander Zickler

Alexander "Alex" Zickler (born 28 February 1974 in Bad Salzungen, then German Democratic Republic) is a German football manager and former football player. He played as a striker. During his career he played for FC Bayern Munich.
Career
He started playing at the age of six with Dynamo Dresden. He played in all youth ranks. His debut in the first team was on 23 October 1992 against 1. FC Nuremberg. In July 1993 Zickler went to FC Bayern Munich where he stayed as a player for 11 seasons. During this time he was often injured. He scored 18 goals as substitute which is record in the German Bundesliga.
In June 2005 he went to FC Red Bull Salzburg together with his team mate Thomas Linke. With Red Bull Salzburg he won three Austrian titles. 2006 he was elected Austrian footballer of the year by the coaches of the Austrian Bundesliga. 2010 he went to LASK Linz. After the end of the 2010/11 season he retired from football. He went back to Red Bull Salzburg where he works as contact partner for fans and partner firms.
Alexander Zickler played 17 times for Germanys U21 national team and scored 7 goals. In 12 matches for the German national football team he scored two goals.
Honours
Club
Bayern Munich
Bundesliga (7): 1993-94, 1996-97, 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2000-01, 2002-03, 2004-05
DFB-Pokal (4): 1997-98, 1999-2000, 2002-03, 2004-05
DFB-Ligapokal (5): 1996-97, 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2003-04
UEFA Champions League (1): 2000-01
UEFA Cup (1): 1995-96
Intercontinental Cup (1): 2001
Red Bull Salzburg
Austrian Bundesliga (3): 2006-07, 2008-09, 2009-10
Individual
Austrian League Topscorer (2): 2006-07, 2007-08
Austrian Footballer of the Year (1): 2005-06
Austrian Footballers Association Player of the Year (1): 2006-07
References
Other websites
Players profile Fussballdaten.de (German)
1974 births
German football managers
German footballers
Living people
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Sportspeople from Thuringia
Austrian Football Bundesliga top scorers
Canal du Midi

The Canal du Midi is one of the oldest canals of Europe still open. It is 240 km (150 miles) long, going from Toulouse, where it meets the Canal de Garonne, to the Mediterranean where it joins the Etang de Thau, a large lake. It was built from 1666 to 1681, during the reign of Louis XIV. It joins the Mediterranean and the Atlantic ocean. Many earlier plans had been made, but were not built because of the difficulty of getting water to supply the highest level. A reservoir was built with a large dam at Bassin de Saint-Ferreol. The dam is 780 metres (2,560 feet) long, with a maximum height of 32 metres (105 ft), and a base thickness of more than 140 m (450 ft). It was the largest work of civil engineering in Europe and only the second major dam to be built in Europe. Nearly 12,000 people worked to build it.
It was built with oval shaped locks 30.5 m (100 ft) long, 6 m (20 ft) wide at the gates and 11 m (36 ft) wide in the middle. There are six aqueducts. There was a flight of 8 staircase locks (now only 6) at Fonseranes near Beziers.
References
Canals in France
Paktia Province

Paktia ( - Paktya) is a province under Afghanistan. Its capital (city) is Gardez. There are about 1.3 million people who live in the Province. Most of the people are Pashtun.
Districts
Paktia is made up of 14 district (District Centers are given in parentheses):
References
Provinces of Afghanistan