pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Halberstadt CL.II

Halberstadt Cl.II was an aircraft of the German Air Force in World War I.
On October 25, 1918 a Halberstadt of Reconnaissance Flight 279 was captured
References
World War I aircraft
1917 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in Germany
Caligula

Caligula (Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, 31 August 12 - 24 January 41) was the third Roman Emperor. He reigned from AD 37. After only four years, he was assassinated by members of his bodyguard and the Roman Senate. During his reign, many innocent people were killed without fair trials. Even with all that, he was popular with the Roman public in his time.
Life
Caligula's father Germanicus was the nephew and adoptive son of emperor Tiberius. He was a very successful general. He was one of Rome's most beloved public figures.
When Germanicus died at Antioch in 19 AD, his mother Agrippina the Elder returned to Rome with her six children. She had a bitter feud with Tiberius. That eventually led to the destruction of her family. Caligula was the only male survivor. In 31, he joined the emperor on the island of Capri. Tiberius had gone there five years earlier. When Tiberius died in 37, Caligula became emperor.
There are few surviving sources on Caligula's reign. He is described as a noble and moderate ruler during the first two years of his rule. After this, the sources focus upon his cruelty, extravagance, and sexual perversity, presenting him as an insane tyrant.
Caligula worked to give more authority to the emperor. He put a lot of his effort into ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself. He started the construction of two new aqueducts in Rome: the Aqua Claudia and the Anio Novus. During his reign, the empire took over the Kingdom of Mauretania and made it into a province.
In early 41, Caligula was assassinated. There was a conspiracy involving officers of the Praetorian Guard, members of the Roman Senate and members of the imperial court. After Caligula's death, the conspirators' tried to bring back the Roman Republic, but they were unsuccessful. The Praetorian Guard declared Caligula's uncle Claudius emperor in his place.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Caligula
Insanity?
There are stories about Caligula that show cruelty and insanity. He was accused of killing just for amusement. He was accused of committing incest with his sisters and prostituting them with other men. He was accused of turning the palace into a brothel.
Caligula appeared in public dressed as various gods. He demanded to be worshipped as a god. There was a legend that he appointed a horse to the priesthood.
It is difficult to know anything for certain about Caligula. Only two sources from his time still exist. Those are the works of Philo and Seneca. They give mostly anecdotes. At one time, there were detailed histories on Caligula. Now they are lost. Caligula's sister, Agrippina the Younger, wrote an autobiography which certainly had a lot of information about Caligula's reign. It is also lost. No surviving source paints Caligula in a favorable light. It is not known whether Caligula was insane.
Relics
In 2017 a mosaic from one of Caligula's Lake Nemi pleasure ships was discovered in New York City
References
Other websites
12 births
41 deaths
1st-century Roman emperors
Koko Pimentel

Aquilino Martin de la Llana Pimentel III, commonly known as Koko Pimentel, (born January 20, 1964) is a Filipino politician. He was the 28th Senate President of the Philippines from 2016 through 2018.
References
1964 births
Living people
Filipino lawyers
Presidents of the Senate of the Philippines
Harry Redknapp

Harry Redknapp (born 2 March 1947) is an English association football manager. He was born in Poplar, London. He is now retired. he used to play football, mainly for West Ham.
He managed A.F.C. Bournemouth, West Ham, Portsmouth, Southampton, Portsmouth again, Tottenham, Queen's Park Rangers and Birmingham.
Redknapp is related to two Premier League stars. He is the father of Jamie Redknapp who played under him at Bournemouth and Southampton. He is also the uncle by marriage of Frank Lampard who played under him at West Ham United.
References
1947 births
Living people
English football managers
Footballers from London
People with dyslexia
Cunardo

Cunardo is a comune in the Province of Varese in the Lombardy region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Brown huntsman spider

The brown huntsman spider (Heteropoda venatoria), also known as the giant crab spider or the cane spider, is a species of spider. found in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world, including Asia, Reunion Island, the Caribbean islands, the Southeastern US, and (especially) Australia.
Description
They have a flat type of body and only a small dorsal pattern. Adults can grow to be 2.2 to 2.8 cm, and have a leg span of 7 to 12 cm. Some have colors of brown, white and black.
Females have a larger abdomen than males but males have longer and thinner legs with a slim body. Both have a wide, yellow to cream clypeus band around the rest of the carapace. The female also has a strong body and often carries a pillow-like egg sac under her.
Food
Brown huntsman spiders do not use spider webs to feed on prey. These spiders are known to hunt by waiting and making no noise above their prey, and then rush forward when their prey get close. They are fast, agile and can move through tight spaces. They feed at night.
If you let them into your home, they will eat unwanted bugs and insects like cockroaches and silverfish.
References
Sparassidae
Venomous animals
Attock

Attock is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Attock District. The city was founded during the British period and it was originally named Campbellpur after its British governor Sir Colin Campbell however the name was changed to Attock after the independence of Pakistan from British rule in 1947.
Cities in Pakistan
2022 Aqaba toxic gas leak

On 27 June 2022, a toxic gas leak happened at the Port of Aqaba in Aqaba, Jordan. A container carrying 25 tons of chlorine fell from a crane onto a docked ship and leaked. The incident killed at least fourteen people and injured more than 265.
References
2022 disasters in Asia
History of Jordan
June 2022 events
Don Lenhardt

Donald Eugene "Don" Lenhardt (b. Alton, Illinois October 4, 1922 - July 9, 2014), nicknamed "Footsie", as son of Henry and Nettie (nee Rumple) Lenhardt, was an American baseballer of Danube Swabians Background of Austria-Hungary. He was an outfielder, first baseman, third baseman, scout and coach in Major League Baseball. He played for the St. Louis Browns, the Chicago White Sox, the Boston Red Sox and the Detroit Tigers between 1950 and 1954.
Lenhardt was born in Alton, Illinois. He was nicknamed "Footsie" by teammates because he often had a hard time finding shoes that fit him right.
Lenhardt died on July 9, 2014 in Chesterfield, Missouri, aged 91.
References
Other websites
Don Lenhardt at Baseball-Reference
1922 births
2014 deaths
American baseball players
Baltimore Orioles players
Baseball coaches
Boston Red Sox players
Chicago White Sox players
Detroit Tigers players
People from Alton, Illinois
Sportspeople from Illinois
Hernando Tovar

Hernando Tovar Brizneda (born 17 September 1938) is a Colombian former footballer. He played as a defender. He played for the Colombia national team at the 1962 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Santa Fe.
References
1938 births
Living people
Colombian footballers
ISO 3166-2:PT

ISO 3166-2:PT is the entry for Portugal in ISO 3166-2, it is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which makes codes for the names of the subdivisions (like provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
ISO 3166
Portugal
The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah

The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah is a painting by John Martin. Martin painted it in 1852.
John Martin was famous for painting landscapes in the style of Romanticism. He painted pictures of the end of the world and events from the Bible.
The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah was the last painting that Martin finished. He completed it in 1852 and sent it to the Royal Academy. In 1853 he started to paint The Last Judgment, The Great Day of His Wrath, and The Plains of Heaven, but he became sick. He died the next year.
The painting shows the destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah from the Bible. The picture shows Lot and his two daughters running from the city. Lot's wife looked back and became a pillar of salt. The painting has a red color and a storm in the sky, typical of Martin's work.
The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah is in the Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle, England.
References
1850s paintings
Maglavit

Maglavit is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania.
References
Maglavit
Fishes of the World

Fishes of the World is a standard reference for fish systematics. Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of the diversity and classification of the 30,000-plus fish species known to science.
Biology books
Fish
Iman (concept)

Not to be confused with Imam, a prayer leader in Islam
Iman () is an Islamic term usually translated as "belief or faith". It is often used to refer to the strength of conviction in a Muslim.
Islamic terminology
Machilipatnam mandal

Machilipatnam mandal is one of the 50 mandals in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Machilipatnam revenue division and the headquarter is located at Machilipatnam town.As of 2011 Census of India, the mandal had a population of 238,962.As of 2011 Census of India, this mandal has 29 settlements. It includes 1 town and 28 villages in the mandal.
References
Andhra Pradesh
Arrondissements of France

The 101 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements. This means districts in English. Most departments in France only have 3 or 4 arrondissements, but some may have more or less than this.
Related pages
List of arrondissements of France
Principia Discordia

Principia Discordia is a Discordian religious text written by Greg Hill (Malaclypse The Younger) and Kerry Thornley (Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst). It was originally published under the title Principia Discordia or How The West Was Lost in a limited edition of 5 copies in 1965.
1965 books
Common krait

The Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) is a type of snake that is found in the jungles of India. This snake is a very poisonous. It is one of the "big four" snakes in India.
Reptiles of Pakistan
Elapidae
The Courtneys of Curzon Street

The Courtneys of Curzon Street (also titled The Courtney Affair or Kathy's Love Affair, in the U.S.) is a 1947 British romantic drama movie directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Anna Neagle, Michael Wilding, Daphne Slater, Jack Watling, Michael Medwin, Edgar Norfolk, Edward Rigby, Coral Browne, Thora Hird, Percy Walsh.
Other websites
1947 romantic drama movies
British romantic drama movies
Movies directed by Herbert Wilcox
Awk

Awk is a programming language usually used for data extraction--taking data (information) from sources.
Programming languages
Berry

The word berry is used for many different kinds of small fruits that have many seeds and can be used as food. Some examples are raspberry, strawberry, sutberry, lingonberry and blueberry.
When botanists talk about berries, they mean a simple fruit produced from a single ovary. They sometimes call this true berry, to distinguish it from false berries. By that statement of how words are used, grapes or tomatoes are true berries.
The berry is the most common type of soft fruit in which the entire ovary wall gets to the right stage of development of the pericarp which can be taken as food. The flowers of these plants have an upper ovary with one or more carpels. The seeds are inside the soft body of the ovary.
Berries are small, sweet, bright colored fruits. Due to this, they are able to bring more animals towards them and spread their seeds.
Some fruits that are called berries in English are not true berries by the use of words above. These include raspberries, strawberry, sutberry, blackberries, cranberries, and boysenberries. Some true berries do not have berry in their name. These include tomatoes, bananas, eggplants, guavas, pomegranates and chillies. Pumpkins, cucumbers, melons, oranges and lemons are also berries that have slightly different structure and may be called by different names (pepo for pumpkins, cucumbers, and melons, or hesperidium for oranges and lemons).
References
Chicago Heights, Illinois

Chicago Heights is a city in Illinois in the United States. In 2020, 27,480 people lived there.
References
Cities in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Kranji MRT station

Kranji MRT station (NS7) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Sungei Kadut, Singapore.
History
Kranji station was not included in the North South Line Woodlands Extension when it was proposed in 1990. It was later included as a temporary station that will be built at a later stage.
Kranji station was eventually built to serve the Singapore Turf Club. This station also serves as a key transfer point for passengers that are going to Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)
References
Other websites
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Varnado, Louisiana

Varnado is a village in Washington Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Villages in Louisiana
Settlements in Washington Parish, Louisiana
Karen Fukuhara

Karen Fukuhara (born February 10, 1992) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Katana in the 2016 DC superhero movie Suicide Squad and as The Female in the 2019 Amazon Prime original series The Boys.
She is also known for voicing the character Glimmer in the Netflix series She-Ra and the Princesses of Power.
References
Other websites
1992 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Villamañán

Villamanan is a town in the southwest of the province of Leon, Spain. It is in the area known as Esla, in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon.
It was originally known as Villamagna, but the name evolved to its current version, Villamanan.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Leon
Beyond Mombasa

Beyond Mombasa is a 1956 British American adventure movie directed by George Marshall and starring Cornel Wilde, Donna Reed, Leo Genn, Ron Randell, Christopher Lee. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Other websites
1956 adventure movies
British adventure movies
American adventure movies
Movies directed by George Marshall
Movies set in Kenya
Columbia Pictures movies
Larry Leach

Lawrence Raymond Leach (June 18, 1936 - May 8, 2018) was a Canadian ice hockey centre. He played three seasons for the Boston Bruins. He played from 1953 to 1973. Leach was born in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan.
Leach died on May 8, 2018 in Victoria, British Columbia at the age of 81.
References
1936 births
2018 deaths
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Sportspeople from Saskatchewan
Randolph Turpin

Randolph Adolphus ('Randy') Turpin (7 June 1928 - 17 May 1966) was an English boxer who was the middleweight champion of the world in 1951.
Turpin was born in Leamington Spa to a white British mother and black Guyanan father. He became a professional boxer in 1946. In 1951, Sugar Ray Robinson traveled to England and gave Turpin an opportunity to fight for his middleweight championship. Turpin became only the second man to defeat Robinson when he won a fifteen-round decision.
Robinson and Turpin had a rematch in September 1951 where Robinson regained the title by a tenth-round knockout.
He stopped boxing in the mid-1960s. He lived in Leamington Spa with his wife and four daughters. On 17 May 1966 in Leamington Spa he shot one of his daughters (who survived), then shot himself dead.
References
Other websites
Boxing record
Tribute website
1928 births
1966 deaths
Black British sportspeople
British boxers
British criminals
Criminals who committed suicide
Sportspeople from Warwickshire
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Suicides by firearm
Suicides in the United Kingdom
Brañosera

Branosera is a municipality found in the province of Palencia in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Sources
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Palencia
Shariatpur District

Shariatpur (, or ) is a district of central Bangladesh. It is part of the Dhaka Division.
Districts of Bangladesh
Dhaka Division
Marsan

Marsan is a commune of the Gers department in the southwestern part of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Gers department
Communes in Gers
Ruud Lubbers

Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers (; 7 May 1939 - 14 February 2018) was a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 4 November 1982 until 22 August 1994. He was the youngest and longest serving Prime Minister in Dutch history.
In January 2001, Lubbers became the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. He resigned in February 2005 after a worker accused Lubbers of sexual harassment.
Lubbers died on 14 February 2018 in Rotterdam, at the age of 78.
References
Other websites
Dr. R.F.M. (Ruud) Lubbers Parlement & Politiek
Drs. R.F.M. Lubbers Rijksoverheid
Kabinet-Lubbers I Rijksoverheid
Kabinet-Lubbers II Rijksoverheid
Kabinet-Lubbers III Rijksoverheid
1939 births
2018 deaths
Catholic People's Party politicians
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Dutch academics
Dutch businesspeople
Dutch diplomats
Dutch economists
Dutch Roman Catholics
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Politicians from Rotterdam
Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees
Michael O'Halloran (British politician)

Michael Joseph O'Halloran (20 August 1933 - 29 November 1999) was a British politician. He was a member of the Labour Party and the Social Democratic Party.
He was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Islington North in a by-election in 1969 after the death of MP Gerry Reynolds. He was secretary of the Constituency Labour Party. O'Halloran was among the Labour MPs who moved to the new Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981.
In 1983, the SDP chose John Grant, the MP for Islington Central (which was being abolished in boundary changes), to be its candidate in Islington North. O'Halloran left the SDP to stand as an independent Labour candidate in the 1983 general election. The official Labour candidate Jeremy Corbyn won while O'Halloran came in fourth with 11% of the vote. Grant came third with 22% of the vote.
He retired to County Wexford. He died on 29 November 1999 from a heart attack at the age of 66.
Other websites
About Michael O'Halloran
1933 births
1999 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Ron Rifkin

Ron Rifkin (born Saul M. Rifkin; October 31, 1939) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Arvin Sloane on the spy drama Alias, Saul Holden on the American family drama Brothers & Sisters and District Attorney Ellis Loew in Curtis Hanson's Oscar winning movie, L.A. Confidential.
Awards
In 1991, he won a Drama Desk Award. In 1998, he won a Tony Award.
References
Other websites
Drama Desk Award winners
Tony Award winning actors
1939 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Raorchestes

Raorchestes is a genus of frogs. This genus is in the subfamily Rhacophorinae. These frogs live in the mountains in China and other parts of Asia. Scientists say Raorchestes is a sister taxon of Pseudophilautus. Scientists started using this genus in 2010. Before that, the frogs now in Raorchestes had been in Ixalus (which scientists do not use now), Philautus, and Pseudophilautus.
The genus is named for C. R. Narayan Rao. He worked on Indian batrachology. The part of the name, orchestes, is from the name of an older genus, Orchestes Tschudi 1838. Scientists have gone to the Western Ghat Mountains in India to look for these frogs, and they say there are even more species than people think. Scientists believe that the fact that groups of Western Ghat mountains are far from each other caused these frogs to become so many different species.
Description
Most frogs in Raorchestes move around at night instead of during the day. They are small frogs. The adult frog is from nose to rear end. They do not have vomerine teeth in their jaws. Male frogs have a large vocal sac that they use to sing for female frogs. The skin of the vocal sack is transparent--the human eye can see through it. All species in Raorchestes grow from frogs into eggs in direct development: they do not swim as tadpoles. Raorchestes tinniens eggs hatch in 36 days, but it can be longer or shorter depending n how hot or cold it is. Different frogs in the same species can look very different from each other because they can be different colors. Species of the genus Raorchestes also have different variations in their iris and pupil coloration. This makes it difficult for scientists to tell species apart and where they live.
People call the frogs in Raorchestes "bush frogs" in English. All of them live in trees except for Raorchestes resplendens. It lives on the ground high in the mountains, on Anamudi.
Distribution
One group of frogs live in the mountains in southern India (in the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats). Others live in northeastern India to Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos to southern China and Vietnam and Peninsular Malaysia. Many species live in the Western Ghats of India. Only eight species live in southeast Asia and China.
Conservation
The IUCN has looked at 38 species of Raorchestes. Many are Critically Endangered. Scientists thought Raorchestes travancoricus was extinct, but they found more in 2004. Of the 38 speices, eight are data deficient and 23 are in the critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable Red List groups. The Amphibian Specialist Group's list of "lost frogs" (frogs not seen for decades) includes 10 Raorchestes species. There are not enough data or detailed studies about these frogs. Many of the frogs live in only a few places and can only live in places where the habitat is just right.
Several species in Raorchestes live in protected areas.
Species
Scientists have found many more species in India since 2000. The following species are in the genus Raorchestes:.
References
Frogs of Asia
Chanut Piyaoui

Than Phu Ying Chanut Piyaoui (, 15 May 1924 - 3 May 2020) was a Thai businesswoman. She was born in Bangkok. Piyaoui was best known as the founder of Thai hospitality group Dusit International. She was the managing director and chairperson of Dusit International from 1970 to 2014.
Piyaoui died on 3 May 2020 in Bangkok, aged 95.
References
1924 births
2020 deaths
People from Bangkok
Thai businesspeople
Margaret Taylor

Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor (September 21, 1788 - August 14, 1852), was the wife of Zachary Taylor, the President of the United States. She was First Lady of the United States from 1849 to 1850. Some people called her Peggy Smith.
She was born in Calvert County, Maryland. Her mother's name was Ann Mackall and her father's name was Walter Smith. Her father was a major in the American Revolutionary War. When she was visiting her sister in Kentucky in 1809, she met Zachary Taylor. Taylor was a lieutenant at that time. They married in June 1810. For sometime, she stayed in a farm she had got as a marriage gift from her father. There she gave birth to her first baby. But, then she started to live with her husband. Taylor's garrison moved from one location to other on the western front, and she also moved with him.
Their two small daughters died in 1820. As described by Taylor, the children had died of "a violent bilious fever." They had three other girls and a boy. All four grew to adulthood. Taylor knew the difficult life of a military man. He was always against their daughters marrying military men, but all the three married military persons from the United States Army.
At the White House, Peggy Taylor participated in the household activities and personal functions. She did not participate in formal and official functions. Her youngest daughter, Mary Elizabeth Bliss, acted as the official hostess for her mother.
1788 births
1852 deaths
Zachary Taylor
First Ladies of the United States
People from Maryland
Sunderland, Vermont

Sunderland is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Private equity

Private equity is investment in shares outside a stock exchange.
Investors, often from institutions like funds, give a company money, and in turn buy part of that company. The most common types of private equity are: leveraged buyouts, venture capital, growth capital, distressed investments and mezzanine capital.
In leveraged buyouts, investors buy the majority control of a mature company. In venture capital or growth capital investment, investors give money to start-up companies.
Finance
Brentor

Brentor is a small village about north of Tavistock within West Devon. The village is famous for it's church, "Church of St Michel de Rupe" (Saint Michael of the Rock). The church which dates back to the 13th century sits high upon a tor overlooking the village. It can be seen from miles around and is visited by many people each year. The rock it sits on is what is left of a volcano and is high. It was once used as a beacon tower to warn people of approaching enemy ships.
References
Villages in Devon
West Devon
Novo Mesto

Novo Mesto (; ; also known by other alternative names) is the city on a bend of the Krka River in the City Municipality of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia, close to the border with Croatia. The town is known as the economic and cultural centre of the historical Lower Carniola region.
References
Cities in Slovenia
Joaquín Cordero

Joaquin Cordero Aurrecoechea (August 16, 1922 - February 19, 2013) was a Mexican actor. He was mostly known for being in many Mexican telenovelas. He was in about 100 television shows and over 50 movies.
Cordero was born on August 16, 1922 in Puebla, Mexico. He was married to Alma Guzman until her death in 2012. They had three children. Cordero was in ill health shortly after his wife died.
In January 2013, Cordero went to the hospital because he had pneumonia. On February 19, 2013, Cordero died in his sleep in his home in Mexico City, Mexico from heart failure, aged 90.
References
Other websites
1922 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican voice actors
Mexican stage actors
Puebla (state)
Retro Studios

Retro Studios is a video game developer and a part of Nintendo. The company was started in 1998. They are most famous for the Metroid Prime and Donkey Kong Country series.
References
Other websites
Retro Studios' website
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Texas
Austin, Texas
Donkey Kong
Metroid
American video game companies
Scion

Scion (from English - "escape, offspring, heir") was a brand of Japanese carmaker Toyota Motor Corporation, represented in the American market. The brand was founded in 2003 and is positioned for youth.
In early February 2016, it became known that Toyota has decided to close the brand in August that year. Since the 2017 model year, the FR-S, iA and iM models have been sold under the Toyota brand and are called 86, Yaris iA and Corolla iM respectively.
Automobile brands
Walterboro, South Carolina

Walterboro is a city in Colleton County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 5,398 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Colleton County. Walterboro is west of Charleston.
References
Cities in South Carolina
County seats in South Carolina
The Doctor (movie)

The Doctor is a 1991 American drama movie directed by Randa Haines and was based on 1988 novel A Taste of My Own Medicine by Dr. Edward Rosenbaum. It stars William Hurt, Christine Lahti, Elizabeth Perkins, Mandy Patinkin, Adam Arkin, Charlie Korsmo, Wendy Crewson and was distributed by Touchstone Pictures.
Other websites
1991 drama movies
1990s American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Randa Haines
Cancer in movies
Movies about surgeons
Movies set in hospitals
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania

Luzerne County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 325,594, making it the most populous county in the northeastern part of the state.
The county seat and largest city is Wilkes-Barre.
Other populous communities include Hazleton, Kingston, Nanticoke, and Pittston. Luzerne County is included in the Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a total population of 555,426 (as of 2017).
References
1780s establishments in Pennsylvania
1786 establishments in the United States
Pennsylvania counties
Mörschwil

Morschwil is a municipality in Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of St. Gallen
Houston County, Tennessee

Houston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 8,283 people lived there. The county seat is Erin.
References
Tennessee counties
Carpenter Township, Jasper County, Indiana

Carpenter Township is one of thirteen townships in Jasper County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,953 and it contained 881 housing units.
References
Settlements in Indiana
Calhoun, Louisiana

Calhoun is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Census-designated places in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
L'Épine-aux-Bois

L'Epine-aux-Bois is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Emblem of Italy

The emblem of the Italian Republic () was formally adopted by the newly formed Italian Republic on 5 May 1948. It is composed by a five-pointed star (white with thin red border), over a cogwheel, between olive tree (left) and oak branches, bounded by a red ribbon with the legend "REPVBBLICA ITALIANA".
Italy
National symbols of Italy
Iranic languages

The Iranic languages refers to a family of languages, meaning they are related to one another and developed from a common source. They descend from a common ancestor which is identified as Proto-Iranic.
The Iranic languages are also commonly identified as the Iranian languages. However, some scholars have argued that since the term Iranian is already in use for another meaning, the term Iranic languages should be used for the language family and it's speakers (the Iranic peoples), while the term Iranian should be used for anything about the country Iran.
The Iranic languages, alongside the Indo-Aryan languages and Nuristani languages, make up the larger Indo-Iranic family of languages.
Divisions
Like many other language families and subfamilies, the Iranic languages are divided according to geographic origins. These include northern, southern, eastern and western.
Further reading
Sokolova, V. S. "New information on the phonetics of Iranic languages." Trudy Instituta jazykoznanija NN SSR (Moskva) 1 (1952): 178-192.
References
Other websites
Iranian languages
François Couperin

Francois Couperin (born in Paris on 10 November 1668; died in Paris, on 12 September 1733) was a French composer who lived in the Baroque period. Many of his relatives were composers. He is often called Francois Couperin le Grand (The Great) because he was the most famous of the Couperin family. He is best known today for his harpsichord music. He wrote several pieces which he called Ordres meaning the same as the word suite i.e. a collection of dance movements. Sometimes these movements have strange titles and we cannot always be sure what they mean. Some of them may have been nicknames of people he knew. He also wrote important organ music. He never had a family of his own before he died.
1668 births
1733 deaths
18th-century French composers
Baroque composers
Harpsichordists
French organists
17th-century French composers
Alkyl

Alkyl is a group of chemicals with carbon atoms. They are like alkanes but they have one fewer hydrogen atom. An alkyl is a piece of a molecule that makes it do or act a certain way. Alkyls have only carbon and hydrogen atoms, in a chain.
Alkyl groups have this formula: CnH2n+1, where n can be any number so long as it is the same one. (For example, if there are two carbons, there must be four hydrogens because 2*2=4.)
References
Organic chemistry
Asadollah Asgaroladi

Asadollah Asgaroladi (3 March 1934 - 13 September 2019) was an Iranian businessman. He worked in exports, banking, real estate and healthcare. He was the richest person in Iran, with a net worth of $4 billion.
On 13 September 2019, Asgaroladi suffered a stroke. Later that day he died in Tehran, at the age of 85.
References
1934 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Iranian businesspeople
People from Tehran
Dominion of Newfoundland

The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British Dominion from 1907 to 1949. It was in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast. It was made up of the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the mainland.
The territory was a British colony until 1907, when it was made a dominion. The Statute of Westminster of 11 December 1931 said that the Dominion of Newfoundland was independent within the British Commonwealth, along with Canada, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. But on 16 February 1934 the Newfoundland parliament gave up its self-government, and governance of the dominion went back to being controlled from London. Though governed from overseas, Newfoundland stayed legally a dominion, until it joined Canada in 1949 to become Canada's tenth province.
References
Historical territories of Canada
Former countries in North America
1907 establishments in North America
1949 disestablishments
1900s establishments in the United Kingdom
1940s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century disestablishments in North America
Knox, Maine

Knox is a town in Waldo County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Substrate (chemistry)

In chemistry, a substrate is the chemical species being observed, which reacts with a reagent. What this word means depends on its context. In particular, in biochemistry, an enzyme substrate is the material upon which an enzyme acts.
References
Chemical reactions
Montigny-en-Ostrevent

Montigny-en-Ostrevent is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 4,793 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Sautens

Sautens is a municipality of the district Imst in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Crazy Horse

Crazy Horse (born about 1838 - died September 5, 1877) was an Oglala Sioux Native American chief. There is a huge sculpture being carved of him in South Dakota, United States.
When Crazy Horse was first born he was given the name 'Curly'. When he was young, he had a vision when he was not supposed to and his family did not know where he was. His father found him and was very unhappy at what young Curly had done.
As Crazy Horse grew into a man, he was given his father's name Crazy Horse. His father then changed his own name to Worm.
Crazy Horse had good medicine, so he was never killed when he went into battle. He led his people to the Little Bighorn river in northern Montana to join forces with other Sioux bands like the Hunkpapa and Miniconjou, and with other tribes like the Cheyennes and Arapahos. There they fought General George Armstrong Custer, killing and defeating him and his many horsemen.
Eventually Crazy Horse made a tough decision to lead his people, the Oglalas, to a reservation because they were starving. Game was scarce and the bison (buffalo) were nearly gone. He had no choice but to leave the Black Hills. When he arrived at Fort Robinson, he was forced to give up his weapons and horses. This made him very unhappy. One day, even though he was granted time to go on a hunt, he was lied to and, trying to get away, he was stabbed in his liver and died later that night, thus ending the Great Sioux War.
"Once I moved about like the wind. Now I surrender to you and that is all"
Quote by Geronimo, Chief of the Apaches .
The Sioux Royal Family, the House of Thasunke Witko, are descendants of Crazy Horse. A queen, Queen Wakiyan, was elected Queen of the Kingdom of Lakota (in Sioux, "Oglala Oyanke") and of the Oglala Sioux, and tried to improve the economy at the Pine Ridge Reservation with creativity and imagination, and to bring the Sioux forward into modern times;however, a conspiracy of jealous chieftains who were both male chauvinists opposed to having a female leader and also a corrupt group of men jealous of their own power and who prefer to preside over the poverty of the Sioux People, ruthlessly trumped up false allegations in order to depose this good queen.
According to Frederick Hoxie's 'Encyclopedia of North American Indians' Crazy Horse was the third in his male line of descent to bear the name of Crazy Horse, which in Oglala is Tasunke Witko. Tasunke Witko III was the son of Rattling Blanket Woman and Tasunke Witko II. He married three times: 1st to Black Buffalo Woman, 2nd to Black Shawl, and 3rd to Nellie Larrabee (Laravie). Only his second wife, Black Shawl, bore him any children: a daughter named They Are Afraid of Her, who died aged three.
Native American people
1838 births
1877 deaths
People from South Dakota
Allschwil

Allschwil is a municipality of the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland. It is right next to the city of Basel. With nearly 22.000 people it is the biggest city in Basel Landschaft.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Cities in Switzerland
Medea

In Greek mythology, Medea (; , Medeia, , Medea) is a sorceress of Greek mythology. She was the daughter of King Aeetes of Colchis, niece of Circe, granddaughter of the sun god Helios. She married the hero Jason, and had two children with him, Mermeros and Pheres. In Euripides's play Medea, Jason leaves Medea when Creon, king of Corinth, offers him his daughter, Glauce. The play tells of Medea avenging her husband's betrayal by killing their children.
The myths involving Jason have been interpreted as part of a class of myths that tell how the Hellenes of the distant heroic age, before the Trojan War, faced the challenges of the pre-Greek "Pelasgian" cultures of mainland Greece, the Aegean and Anatolia. Jason, Perseus, Theseus, and above all Heracles, are all figures on the threshold between the old world of shamans, earth deities, and the new Bronze Age Greek ways.
Medea figures in the myth of Jason and the Argonauts, a myth known best from a late literary version worked up by Apollonius of Rhodes in the 3rd century BC and called the Argonautica. However, for all its self-consciousness and researched archaic vocabulary, the late epic was based on very old, scattered materials. Medea is known in most stories as an enchantress and is often depicted as a priestess of the goddess Hecate or a witch. The myth of Jason and Medea is very old, originally written around the time Hesiod wrote the Theogony. It was known to the composer of the Little Iliad, part of the Epic Cycle.
References
People in Greek mythology
Ken Douglas

Kenneth George Douglas (15 November 1935 - 14 September 2022) was a New Zealand trade union leader. Douglas was born in Wellington, New Zealand. In the 1999 New Year Honours, Douglas was appointed a Member of the Order of New Zealand (ONZ).
Douglas died in Wellington on 14 September 2022, aged 86.
References
1935 births
2022 deaths
New Zealand activists
Trade unionists
People from Wellington
Substrate (biochemistry)

In biochemistry, a substrate is the molecule acted on by an enzyme to produce a product.p37
The general equation for an enzyme reaction is:
Substrate + Enzyme -> Substrate:Enzyme -> Product:Enzyme -> Product + Enzyme
An example: Sucrase, 400 times the size of its substrate sucrose, splits the sucrose into its constituent sugars, which are glucose and fructose. The sucrase bends the sucrose, and strains the bond between the glucose and fructose. Water molecules join in and make the cleavage in a fraction of a second.
Enzymes increase the rate of reaction up to 10 billion-fold and are effective in tiny amounts. One enzyme molecule may convert 1000 molecules of substrate a minute, and some are known to convert 3 million in a minute.p39
A substrate may be capable of many reactions. One enzyme will only carry out one of the many reactions of which a substrate is capable.
References
Biochemistry
Twisted Metal 4

Twisted Metal 4 is a vehicular combat video game that was both published by Sony Computer Entertainment and developed by 989 Studios. It is the fourth game in the Twisted Metal series. It was only released on the PlayStation and was only released in North America. The game was released on October 31, 1999 in North America for PlayStation. It was rereleased in 2000 as part of the Sony Greatest Hits lineup.
Reception
IGN's Marc Nix rated the game a 6 out of 10 and praised the "colorful" graphics and "well-done" interactive environments but criticized the "toy car" control, look and sound of the vehicles.
GameSpot's Joe Fielder said that the game was a "huge leap" ahead of Twisted Metal III, commenting on the improved level design, control and physics, but he also said that the latter two "remain a little too touchy and unforgiving" and that the graphics, while they were "prettier" than those of Twisted Metal III, they "aren't nearly as sharp as the graphics in its current main competitor - Activision's Vigilante 8: Second Offense".
References
Other websites
1999 video games
PlayStation games
Vehicular combat games
Lake Inari

Lake Inari ( or Inari) is the third largest lake in Finland's Lapland. It covers . The deepest point is . There are over 3,000 islands in the lake. The biggest islands are Kaamassaari, Mahlatti, Viimassaari and Roiro.
Inari's is located to north from Arctic Circle, still, water is not very cold.
References
Other websites
Lakes of Finland
Lapland (Finland)
Pelophryne

Pelophryne (Flathead Toads) is a genus of true toads. They live in the Philippines, Borneo, Malaya, Singapore and Hainan Island, China.
Species
References
. 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). Pelophryne. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 07, 2008).
[web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Pelophryne. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 07, 2008).
taxon Pelophryne at http://www.eol.org.
Taxon Pelophryne at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 07, 2008).
Taxon Pelophryne at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm
Toads
Frogs of Asia
Universidad Mayor, Chile

Universidad Mayor is a private autonomous university in Chile with headquarters in Santiago and a secondary campus in Temuco.
History
It was founded in 1988.
Faculties
Architecture
Education
Arts
Engineering
Economical & Business Sciences
Law
Medicine
Odontology
Forestry and Agricultural sciences
Other websites
Universidad Mayor - Chile
Private Chilean universities
Colleges and universities in Chile
1988 establishments in South America
1980s establishments in Chile
Ismaël Bangoura

Ismael Bangoura (born 2 January 1985) is a Guinean football player. He plays for Stade Rennais and Guinea national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Gazelec Ajaccio||rowspan="2"|Championnat National||9||2
|-
|2004/05||35||13
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Le Mans||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||23||6
|-
|2006/07||33||12
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Dynamo Kyiv||rowspan="2"|Premier League||20||15
|-
|2008/09||26||13
|-
|2009/10||Stade Rennais||Ligue 1||||
100||33
46||28
146||61
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2006||7||0
|-
|2007||7||1
|-
|2008||14||9
|-
|2009||7||0
|-
!Total||35||10
|}
References
1985 births
Living people
Guinean people
African footballers
Jo's Boys

Jo's Boys, and How They Turned Out: A Sequel to "Little Men" is a book by Louisa May Alcott. It was published in 1886. It tells of what happened to the children at Plumfield as they grew to adulthood.
Other websites
Jo's Boys on Project Gutenberg
1886 books
Books by Louisa May Alcott
Children's books
Big Dreams & High Hopes

Big Dreams & High Hopes is the eighth studio album by Jack Ingram. The album was released on August 25, 2009. It was his first new material in 2 years. It was produced by Big Machine Records. It debuted at #21 on Billboard's Top Country Albums Chart.
Critical reception
Allmusic reviewer Thom Jurek gave the album three-and-a-half stars out of five. He wrote "Big Dreams & High Hopes is the sound of contemporary country music and all of its tropes." He also said that most of the songs were well-written but not distinctive.
References
2009 albums
Roger Mahony

Roger Michael Cardinal Mahony KGCHS (born February 27, 1936) is an American cardinal and retired prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.
Mahony served as Archbishop of Los Angeles from 1985 to 2011. Before his appointment as Los Angeles archbishop, he served as Auxiliary Bishop of Fresno from 1975 to 1980 and as Bishop of Stockton from 1980 to 1985.
In 2011, Mahony retired because he reached the age of 75 and was replaced by Jose Horacio Gomez.
References
Other websites
Mahony's blog
Archdiocese of Los Angeles website
Mahony's speech at the National Press Club , delivered May 25, 2000
"Called By God To Help", editorial by Mahony in The New York Times, published 2006-03-22
"Los Angeles Cardinal Hid Abuse, Files Show" New York Times, January 21, 2013
1936 births
Living people
American cardinals
American Roman Catholic bishops
People from Los Angeles
Cornufer akarithymus

The Pomugu wrinkled ground frog (Cornufer akarithymus) is a frog. It lives in Papua New Guinea on New Britain Island. People have seen it in three mountain ranges: Whiteman, Nakanai, and Baining.
References
Frogs of Oceania
San Ignacio, Belize

San Ignacio is a town in western Belize. It is the capital of Cayo District. The town grew from Mahogany and chicle production during British rule.
San Ignacio is on the banks of the Macal and Mopan Rivers.
Towns in Belize
1800s establishments in North America
Establishments in Belize
Ulisses Correia e Silva

Jose Ulisses de Pina Correia e Silva () (born 4 June 1962) is a Cape Verdean businessman and politician. He has been Prime Minister of Cape Verde since 22 April 2016.
References
1962 births
Prime Ministers of Cape Verde
African businesspeople
Current national leaders
Living people
Robert Vancea

Robert Dumitru Vancea (born September 28, 1976, Craiova) is a Romanian professional football player.
Club statistics
|-
|1999||JEF United Ichihara||J. League 1||12||0||1||0||0||0||13||0
12||0||1||0||0||0||13||0
12||0||1||0||0||0||13||0
|}
Other websites
1976 births
Living people
Romanian footballers
Sudan Liberation Movement/Army

The Sudan Liberation Movement or Sudan Liberation Army is one of the rebel groups active in the Darfur conflict. As of 2017, it is split into several smaller fractions.
Sudan
Darfur conflict
Flemish Brabant (Chamber of Representatives constituency)

Flemish Brabant is a constituency of Belgium.
Members
Election results
References
Constituencies of the Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
Murder of Joanna Yeates

Joanna Clare "Jo" Yeates (19 April 1985 - 17 December 2010), was a 25 year-old English woman who disappeared on 17 December 2010 in Bristol. Yeates' boyfriend reported her missing on 19 December. An investigation into her disappearance was soon afterwards started. Yeates' dead body was found on 25 December. Police stated that she had been strangled and had been dead for several days before being found. On 30 December, Yeates' landlord, 65-year-old Christopher Jefferies, was arrested on suspicion of Yeates' murder, and was released on bail in early 2011. Avon and Somerset Police received help from a criminal profiler, clinical forensic psychologist Doctor Glenn Wilson who has worked on other high profile criminal cases.
In October 2011, Dutch engineer Vincent Tabak was found guilty of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum of 20 years.
References
2010 crimes
2010 deaths
2010 in England
2010s murders in the United Kingdom
Bristol
Deaths by strangulation
December 2010 events
English murder victims
People murdered in England