June 30

It is the last day of the first half of the year.
Events
Up to 1900
350 Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantian dynasty, is defeated and killed by the usurper Magnentius.
763 A Byzantine army under Emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.
1422 Battle of Arbedo between the Duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.
1521 Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noain during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.
1559 Henry II of France is wounded in a jousting contest against Gabriel de Montgomery.
1651 Battle of Beresteczko: Victory for Poland-Lithuania.
1758 Seven Years' War: The Battle of Domstadtl takes place.
1805 The United States Congress organises the Michigan Territory.
1859 French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
1860 The Oxford Evolution debate takes place at the Oxford Museum of Natural History.
1861 A group of 3000 European gold miners attack Chinese miners at Lambing Flat, New South Wales.
1864 Abraham Lincoln grants the Yosemite Valley to California for 'public use, resort and recreation'.
1882 Charles J. Guiteau is executed for the assassination of US President James A. Garfield.
1886 The first transcontinental train trip across Canada leaves Montreal. It arrives at Fort Moody, British Columbia on July 4.
1894 London Tower Bridge is opened to traffic.
1900 A harbour fire in Hoboken, New Jersey spreads to five German liners, killing 326 people.
1901 2000
1905 Albert Einstein publishes the article 'On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies' in which he introduces Special Relativity.
1908 The Tunguska Incident occurs, as a large area of forest in Siberia is destroyed. The circumstances have not yet been fully explained, but it is widely believed to have been the explosion of a meteor.
1912 A deadly tornado hits Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, killing 28 people.
1917 World War I: Greece declares war on the Central Powers.
1934 The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's purge of political rivals, begins.
1936 Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid from the League of Nations after being invaded by Italy.
1940 World War II: Nazi Germany invades Guernsey in the Channel Islands, English Channel.
1944 World War II: The city of Cherbourg in Normandy falls to American forces.
1954 A total Solar eclipse is seen over parts of North America, Europe and Asia.
1956 A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 collide over the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people in both airliners.
1960 The present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo becomes independent.
1969 Nigeria bans Red Cross aid from Biafra.
1971 The crew of Soyuz 11 are suffocated when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.
1971 Ohio reduces the voting age to 18.
1972 The first Leap second is added to the UTC time.
1975 Muhammad Ali successfully defends his Heavyweight Boxing World title, against Joe Bugner.
1985 Palau's President Haruo Remeliik is murdered.
1985 39 American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut, Lebanon, after 17 days.
1987 The Canadian 1 Dollar coin, the 'Loonie', is introduced.
1990 East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
1991 32 miners are killed when a coal mine catches fire in the Donbass region of Ukraine and releases toxic gas.
1996 Germany wins the UEFA Euro 1996 Championship against the Czech Republic, with Oliver Bierhoff scoring the first-ever 'Golden Goal'.
1998 Joseph Estrada becomes President of the Philippines.
2000 The Indonesian ferry Chaya Bahara sinks off the island of Sulawesi, killing over 500 people.
From 2001
2002 2002 FIFA World Cup in Japan and South Korea: Brazil wins the FIFA World Cup for a fifth time, over Germany, with two goals from Ronaldo.
2005 Spain legalises Same-sex marriage.
2007 Islamist extremists drive a jeep packed with explosives into the main building at Glasgow Airport in Scotland.
2009 A Yemenia Airlines plane crashes into the Indian Ocean near the Comoros. Only one of the 153 people on board survives.
2010 Benigno Aquino III becomes President of the Philippines.
2010 Christian Wulff is chosen to succeed Horst Koehler as President of Germany.
2012 Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood is sworn in as President of Egypt.
2013 The Brazil national football team wins the FIFA Confederations Cup against the Spain national football team.
2013 A whole entire fire crew in Arizona is killed while battling wild fires.
2015 A Hercules C-130 military aircraft with 113 people on board crashes in Medan, Indonesia, killing a total of 116 people.
2016 Rodrigo Duterte becomes President of the Philippines.
2017 Germany's Bundestag votes in favour of same-sex marriage by 393 votes to 226.
Births
Up to 1900
1470 King Charles VIII of France (d. 1498)
1503 John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554)
1588 Giovanni Maria Sabino, Italian organist, composer and educator (d. 1649)
1628 Miguel de Molinos, Spanish mystic (d. 1696)
1685 John Gay, English writer (d. 1732)
1685 Dominikus Zimmermann, master builder (d. 1766)
1748 Dominique, comte de Cassini, French cartographer and astronomer (d. 1845)
1755 Paul de Barras, French politician (d. 1829)
1768 Elizabeth Monroe, First Lady of the United States (d. 1830)
1789 Horace Vernet, painter and graphic artist (d. 1863)
1807 Friedrich Theodor von Vischer, narrator, lyricist, and philosopher (d. 1887)
1815 Lysius Salomon, 13th President of Haiti (d. 1888)
1817 Joseph Dalton Hooker, British botanist (d. 1911)
1818 Lysius Salomon, 13th President of Haiti (d. 1888)
1819 William A. Wheeler, 19th Vice President of the United States (d. 1887)
1824 Antonio Gonzalez de Aguilar, 8th Marquis of la Vega de Armijo, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1908)
1827 Jacques-Louis Soret, Swiss chemist and physicist (d. 1890)
1833 Manuel Amador Guerrero, 1st President of Panama (d. 1909)
1843 Ernest Mason Satow, writer (d. 1929)
1864 Frederick Bligh Bond, English architect and archaeologist (d. 1945)
1883 Johan Olin, Finnish wrestler (d. 1928)
1884 Georges Duhamel, French writer (d. 1966)
1888 Rudolf Amelunxen, German politician (d. 1969)
1890 Paul Boffa, 5th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1962)
1891 Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (d. 1953)
1891 Ed Lewis, American professional wrestler (d. 1966)
1892 Bo Carter, American blues musician (d. 1962)
1892 Oswald Pohl, Nazi politician (d. 1951)
1893 Walter Ulbricht, East German politician (d. 1973)
1899 Harry Shields, American jazz musician (d. 1971)
1899 Madge Bellamy, American actress (d. 1990)
1901 1950
1903 Robert E. Hannegan, American politician, 52nd United States Postmaster General (d. 1949)
1906 Ralph Allen, English footballer (d. 1981)
1906 Anthony Mann, American movie actor and director (d. 1967)
1906 Tribhuvan of Nepal (d. 1955)
1907 Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian politician (d. 1950)
1908 Winston Graham, English writer (d. 2003)
1909 Juan Bosch, Dominican Republic politician (d. 2001)
1911 Czeslaw Milosz, Polish poet, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 2004)
1912 Leopoldo Zea Aguilar, Mexican philosopher (d. 2002)
1912 Avigdor Dagan, Czech-Israeli writer, playwright, translator and diplomat (d. 2006)
1913 Alfonso Lopez Michelsen, President of Colombia (d. 2007)
1914 Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese politician (d. 2001)
1914 Allan Houser, Native American artist (d. 1994)
1917 Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)
1917 Lena Horne, American actress and singer (d. 2010)
1919 Ed Yost, American inventor (d. 2007)
1921 Oswaldo Lopez Arellano, President of Honduras (d. 2010)
1926 Peter Alexander, Austrian singer and actor (d. 2011)
1926 Paul Berg, American biochemist
1933 Lea Massari, Italian actress
1933 Derek Bentley, British victim of a miscarriage of Justice (d. 1953)
1934 Harry Blackstone, Jr., American magician (d. 1997)
1936 Assia Djebar, Algerian writer, director and historian (d. 2015)
1937 Gainan Saidkhuzhin, Russian cyclist (d. 2015)
1937 Gideon Ezra, Israeli politician (d. 2012)
1938 Apostolis Nikolaidis, Greek singer (d. 1999)
1938 Billy Mills, American runner
1939 John Fortune, British scriptwriter and actor (d. 2013)
1939 Jose Emilio Pacheco, Mexican writer (d. 2014)
1941 Otto Sander, German actor (d. 2013)
1942 Robert Ballard, American underwater archaeologist
1943 Florence Ballard, American singer (The Supremes) (d. 1976)
1944 Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist
1944 Terry Funk, American wrestler and actor
1945 Sean Scully, Irish-American painter
1951 1975
1953 Hal Lindes, American-born British guitarist (Dire Straits)
1954 Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia
1954 Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (d. 2004)
1954 Wayne Swan, Australian politician
1956 David Lidington, English politician
1958 Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer
1959 Vincent D'Onofrio, American actor
1959 Brendan Perry, English musician (Dead Can Dance)
1960 James Kwesi Appiah, Ghanaian footballer and coach
1960 Jack McConnell, Scottish politician, 3rd First Minister of Scotland
1960 Murray Cook, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
1962 Tony Fernandez, American baseball player
1963 Olha Bryzhina, Ukrainian athlete
1963 Yngwie Malmsteen, Swedish guitarist
1964 Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg, Hong Kong-born former member of the Danish royal family
1965 Gary Pallister, English footballer
1965 Mitch Raymond, American basketball player
1966 Cheryl Bernard, Canadian curler
1966 Mike Tyson, American world champion boxer
1967 Nitin Ganatra, British actor
1967 Silke Renk, German athlete
1968 Philip Anselmo, American musician
1970 Antonio Chimenti, Italian footballer
1971 Monica Potter, American actress
1972 James Martin, English chef
1973 Frank Rost, German footballer
1973 Chan Ho Park, Korean baseball pitcher
1974 Juli Zeh, German writer
1975 Rami Shaaban, Swedish footballer
1975 Ralf Schumacher, German race car driver
From 1976
1977 Justo Villar, Paraguayan footballer
1980 Seyi Olofinjana, Nigerian footballer
1981 Barbara Spotakova, Czech athlete
1982 Lizzy Caplan, American actress
1982 Willam Belli, American actor, drag queen and television personality
1982 Andy Knowles, British musician (Franz Ferdinand)
1983 Cheryl Cole, British singer, formerly of Girls Aloud
1983 Marcus Burghardt, German cyclist
1983 Steve von Bergen, Swiss footballer
1983 Katherine Ryan, Canadian comedienne
1984 Dimitry Ipatov, Russian ski jumper
1984 Fantasia Barrino, American singer
1985 Michael Phelps, American swimmer
1985 Cody Rhodes, American professional wrestler
1985 Fabiana Vallejos, Argentine footballer
1985 Charley Uchea, American Reality show personality
1986 Allegra Versace, Italian heiress
1986 Fredy Guarin, Colombian footballer
1988 Jack Douglass, American comedian and actor
1989 Miguel Vitor, Portuguese footballer
1989 Asbel Kiprop, Kenyan runner
1991 Kaho, Japanese actress
1994 Rhys Jones, Welsh athlete
Deaths
Up to 1900
350 Nepotianus, Roman usurper
1224 Adolf of Osnabruck, German monk and bishop (b. 1185)
1520 Moctezuma II (Montezuma), Aztec ruler (b. around 1465)
1538 Charles II, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467)
1649 Simon Vouet, French painter (b. 1599)
1670 Henrietta of England, daughter of Charles I (b. 1644)
1708 Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1706)
1709 Edward Lhuyd, Welsh botanist, linguist and geographer (b. 1660)
1785 James Oglethorpe, English general (b. 1696)
1861 Robert O'Hara Burke, Irish explorer of Australia (b. 1820)
1882 Charles J. Guiteau, assassin of US President James A. Garfield (b. 1841)
1882 Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827)
1898 Siegfried Marcus, English technician and inventor (b. 1831)
1899 E. D. E. N. Southworth, American author (b. 1819)
1901 2000
1919 John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist (b. 1842)
1932 Bruno Kastner, German actor (b. 1890)
1934 Night of the Long Knives:
Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)
Gregor Strasser, Nazi politician (b. 1892)
Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Prime Minister of Bavaria (b. 1862)
Karl Ernst, Sturmabteilung leader (b. 1904)
Erich Klausener, German politician (b. 1885)
1949 Edouard Alphonse James de Rothschild, French financier and polo player (b. 1868)
1953 Charles William Miller, British-Brazilian sportsman, considered as the 'father of Brazilian football' (b. 1874)
1954 Andrass Samuelsen, 1st Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1873)
1959 Jose Vasconcelos, Mexican writer and politician (b. 1882)
1961 Lee De Forest, American inventor (b. 1873)
1965 Margarete Sommer, German social worker (b. 1893)
1966 Giuseppe Farina, Italian racing driver (b. 1906)
1971 Crew of Soyuz 11:
Viktor Patsayev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1933)
Georgi Dobrovolsky, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1928)
Vladislav Volkov, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1935)
1971 Georgi Asparuhov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1943)
1971 Nikola Kotkov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1938)
1973 Nancy Mitford, British writer and biographer (b. 1904)
1974 Alberta Williams King, mother of Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. 1905)
1974 Vannevar Bush, American engineer and politician (b. 1890)
1984 Lillian Hellman, American playwright (b. 1905)
1985 Haruo Remeliik, 1st President of Palau (b. 1933)
1993 George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (b. 1928)
1993 Wong Ka Kui, Hong Kong singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor (b. 1962)
1995 Georgy Beregovoy, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1921)
1995 Phyllis Hyman, American singer and songwriter (b. 1949)
1996 Lakis Petropoulos, Greek footballer (b. 1932)
From 2001
2001 Chet Atkins, American musician and producer (b. 1924)
2003 Buddy Hackett, American comedian (b. 1924)
2007 Sahib Singh Verma, Indian politician, 4th Chief Minister of Delhi (b. 1943)
2009 Pina Bausch, German choreographer (b. 1940)
2011 Georg Sterzinsky, German cardinal (b. 1936)
2012 Yitzhak Shamir, former Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1915)
2013 Keith Seaman, Australian politician, 29th Governor of South Australia (b. 1920)
2014 Frank Cashen, American baseball executive (b. 1925)
2014 Alvaro Corcuera, Mexican priest (b. 1957)
2014 Christian Fuehrer, German pastor and activist (b. 1943)
2014 Alejandra Da Passano, Argentine actress (b. 1947)
2014 Zeljko Sturanovic, former Prime Minister of Montenegro (b. 1960)
2014 Pierre Bec, French Occitan language poet (b. 1921)
2014 Paul Mazursky, American director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1930)
2014 Frank M. Robinson, American writer and screenwriter (b. 1926)
2014 Bob Hastings, American actor (b. 1925)
2015 Eddy Louiss, French jazz musician (b. 1941)
2015 Leonard Starr, American cartoonist (b. 1925)
2016 Martin Lundstrom, Swedish cross-country skier (b. 1918)
2016 Geoffrey Hill, English poet (b. 1932)
2016 Don Friedman, American jazz pianist (b. 1935)
2016 Juan Habichuela, Spanish flamenco guitarist (b. 1933)
2016 Gordon Murray, English puppeteer and television producer (b. 1921)
2017 Simone Veil, French politician (b. 1927)
2017 Barry Norman, English film critic (b. 1933)
2017 Karunamaya Goswami, Bangladeshi musicologist (b. 1942)
2017 Darrall Imhoff, American basketball player (b. 1938)
Observances
Independence Day (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Philippine-Spanish Friendship Day
Army Day (Guatemala)
Revolution Day (Sudan)
Navy Day (Israel)
Days of the year