pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bobsleigh

Bobsled or bobsleigh is a team sport played during the Winter Olympic Games. It is played by riding on iced tracks with a sled. Modern tracks are made of concrete, coated with ice. Artificial bobsleigh tracks are also available.
International bobsled competitions are governed by the Federation Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT).
The first bobsleds were built in St. Moritz, Switzerland, in the late 19th century by rich tourists from Britain who were staying at the Palace Hotel owned by Caspar Badrutt.
Related pages
Sking
Ski jumping
Notes
Other websites
Bobsleigh at the Official website of the Olympic Movement
Images for bobsleigh
Videos for bobsleigh
Bobsleigh crash
Winter Olympic sports
Winter sports
Charles Geschke

Charles Matthew "Chuck" Geschke (September 11, 1939 - April 16, 2021) was an American businessman and computer scientist. He was best known for founding the graphics and publishing software company Adobe Inc. with John Warnock in 1982, and co-creating the PDF document format.
References
1939 births
2021 deaths
American computer scientists
Businesspeople from Cleveland
Scientists from Cleveland
Cancer deaths in California
Capital gains tax

A capital gains tax is a tax on the profit realized on the sale of a non-inventory asset. The most common capital gains are seen from the sale of stocks, bonds, precious metals, real estate, and property.
Not all countries have a capital gains tax and most have different rates of taxation. Countries that do not impose a capital gains tax include Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Cayman Islands, Isle of Man, Jamaica, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and others.
In some countries, such as New Zealand and Singapore, professional traders and those who trade frequently are taxed on such profits as a business income.
In the United Kingdom people paid PS16.7 billion in capital gains tax in 2021-22.
References
Taxation
Indiana Senate

The Indiana Senate is the upper house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The Senate is made up of 50 members. Senators serve four-year terms without term limits. The Indiana Senate was created in 1816 along with the Indiana House of Representatives in 1816, when Indiana became a state.
References
Politics of Indiana
Óscar López Hernández

Oscar Lopez Hernandez (born 11 May 1980) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Numancia Soria.
Club career statistics
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||2||0
|-
|2003/04||6||0
|-
|2004/05||Lazio||Serie A||14||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Real Betis Balompie||rowspan="2"|La Liga||18||0
|-
|2006/07||0||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Gimnastic Tarragona||La Liga||2||0
|-
|2007/08||Segunda Division||13||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Real Betis Balompie||La Liga||0||0
|-
|2009/10||Segunda Division||0||0
|-
|2009/10||Numancia Soria||Segunda Division||||
41||0
14||0
55||0
|}
References
1980 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Whit Watson

Whit Watson (born 1971) is a personality currently with Golf Channel as studio host, play-by-play announcer and reporter/interviewer for the European Tour, LPGA Tour, and PGA Tour. He also worked for Sun Sports and Fox Sports Florida as a studio host and sideline reporter for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Orlando Magic, Tampa Bay Lightning, Florida State Seminoles and Florida Gators football. He was also the first host of In My Own Words. Watson also called high school football and basketball games for Sun Sports and FSN Florida as well as Florida Gators and Florida State Seminoles football and basketball. Watson was a freelance studio host for ESPN Plus as well as anchoring SportsCenter.
Golf broadcasters
College basketball broadcasters
National Hockey League broadcasters
College football broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
SportsCenter anchors and reporters
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Living people
1971 births
Sportspeople from Florida
Choi Woo-shik

Choi Wooshik (born March 26, 1990) is a South Korean actor. He was born in Seoul. He was raised in Canada.
Choi gained international recognition with the blockbuster zombie movie Train to Busan and action-adventure movie Okja.
References
Other websites
1990 births
Living people
Actors from Seoul
Keith Olbermann

Keith Olbermann (born January 27, 1959) is a former progressive male television talk show host and liberal political commentator on NBC's and Microsoft's cable news channel MSNBC, where he was the host of the show Countdown with Keith Olbermann. On his show, he was often critical of conservatives such as Bill O'Reilly and George W. Bush. Some compared him to O'Reilly, except that Olbermann was to the left and O'Reilly is to the right. Before being on political shows, Olbermann worked for ESPN as a sportscaster. He once hosted the ESPN sports news show SportsCenter.
He had his show on MSNBC, but was fired shortly after Comcast's takeover of NBC Universal in January 2011. He then moved to Current TV, partially owned by Al Gore, but was fired after less than a year there.
References
Other websites
Current TV Website
Countdown Page
Keith Olbermann on Twitter
Living people
1959 births
Cable television personalities
Quentin Matsys

Quentin Matsys (other spellings: Massijs, Matsijs, Metsys for the last name; Quinten or Kwinten for the given name) was a Dutch painter. He was born around 1466 in Leuven. He died in 1530 in Antwerp.
1460s births
1530 deaths
Dutch painters
People from Leuven
Trøndelag

Trondelag is a county in Norway. In 1804, the county was split into Nord-Trondelag and Sor-Trondelag and the counties were merged in 2018. The capital city is Steinkjer and the largest city is Trondheim.
References
Counties of Norway
Megamind

Megamind is a 2010 animated, science fiction-comedy movie that was produced by Lara Breay and Denise Nolan Cascino. Ben Stiller and Stuart Cornfeld were executive producers. The movie was directed by Tom McGrath. The movie was released in Russia on October 28, 2010 and on November 5, 2010 in North America. The movie received mixed reviews from critics but it was positively welcomed from audience who praised its story, characters, humor, soundtrack, animation, emotional weight and message, even becoming an animated cult during the years. There is also a video game based on the movie with the same name.
Release Dates
Cast
Will Ferrell as Megamind.
Tina Fey as Roxanne Ritchi
Jonah Hill as Hal Stewart/Tighten
David Cross as Minion
Brad Pitt as Metro Man
Justin Long as Brainbots
J. K. Simmons as Warden
Ben Stiller as the real Bernard
Justin Theroux as Megamind's father.
Christopher Knights as a prison guard.
Tom McGrath as Lord Scott/Prison Guard
Jack Blessing as Newscaster
Jessica Benia as Megamind's mother.
Joey Dinitere as baby Megamind
Noah Dinitere as baby Metro Man
Other websites
Megamind's Official website
2010 3D movies
2010 animated movies
2010 comedy movies
2010 science fiction movies
2010s superhero movies
American animated movies
American comedy movies
American science fiction movies
American superhero movies
Comedy science fiction movies
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Movies directed by Tom McGrath
Supervillain movies
Olivia Santana

Maria Olivia Santana (born 25 March 1967) is a Brazilian activist. She is the founder of the Black Union For Equality (UNEGRO).
She was born in Salvador, Bahia. At the age of 14, she started to work as a cleaner in a private school. She studied at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA).
She was a city councilor in Salvador, Bahia. In 2012, she was a candidate for vice mayor of Salvador. She supported extending childcare.
Since 2019, she has been a member of the Bahia Legislative Assembly for the Communist Party of Brazil.
References
1967 births
Living people
Brazilian activists
Brazilian politicians
Elkhart, Indiana

Elkhart () is a city in Elkhart County in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
References
Cities in Indiana
Schwarzenbach, Lucerne

Schwarzenbach is a village and former municipality of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Since 2005, it is part of the municipality of Beromunster.
Former municipalities of Lucerne
Villages in Lucerne
Hamadan province

Hamadan Province () is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is Hamadan.
References
Provinces of Iran
Patrick Eisdell Moore

Sir Patrick William Eisdell Moore (17 March 1918 - 18 June 2015) was a New Zealand surgeon and medical researcher. He was known for his work with cochlear implants. He was the first person in the world to perform an eardrum transplant.
Eisdell Moore was born in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England. He also as a medical officer during World War II. His autobiography So Old So Quick was released in 2004. He was married and had four children.
Eisdell Moore died on 18 June 2015 in Orakei, Auckland. He was 97.
References
1918 births
2015 deaths
Autobiographers
Knights Bachelor
Medical researchers
Military personnel of World War II
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Auckland
People from Bristol
New Zealand physicians
Highway to Hell (song)

"Highway to Hell" is a 1979 song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC and is the title track to their sixth studio album Highway to Hell. It went to number 14 in Belgium, number 17 in the Netherlands, number 23 in France, number 24 in Australia and Spain, number 30 in German, number 36 in Sweden and number 47 in the United States. In 2013 it went to number 4 in the United Kingdom and number 23 in Ireland.
References
1979 songs
AC/DC songs
Marilyn Manson songs
Hard rock songs
Thièvres, Pas-de-Calais

Thievres, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Kenneth Walker

Brigadier General Kenneth Newton Walker (17 July 1898 - 5 January 1943) was a United States Army aviator. He was also a United States Army Air Forces general who had a significant influence on the development of airpower doctrine. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor in World War II.
Walker joined the United States Army in 1917. It was after the American entry into World War I. He trained as an aviator and became a flying instructor. In 1920 and after the end of the war, he received a commission in the Regular Army. After service in various capacities he graduated from the Air Corps Tactical School in 1929. Then he served as an instructor there. He supported the creation of a separate air organization for strategic bombardment. He published articles on the subject and becoming part of a clique known as the "Bomber Mafia". They argued for bombers over other forms of military aviation.
Even after he was promoted to Brigadier General, Walker frequently flew combat missions over New Guinea. For this he received the Silver Star. On 5 January 1943, he was shot down and killed leading a daylight bombing raid over Rabaul. It was for this action he was awarded the Medal of Honor.
Legacy
In January 1948, Roswell Army Air Field in Roswell, New Mexico, was renamed Walker Air Force Base in honor of Walker. The base was closed on 30 June 1967. Walker Hall and its Walker Air Power Room are at Maxwell Air Force Base. They are also named after him. It is the home of the Air Force Doctrine Development and Education Center. The Walker Papers is an Air Force Fellows program. It annually honors the top three research papers produced by Air Force Fellows with the Walker Series award. The Walker Series recognizes the contributions each Fellow has made to research supporting air and space power and its use in the implementation of US strategic policy.
Related pages
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
Notes
References
1898 births
1943 deaths
American aviators
American people of World War II
Aviation deaths
Military people from New Mexico
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Purple Heart recipients
Bez (musician)

Emmanuel Bez Idakula (born 10 November 1983) popularly known as Bez, is a Nigerian multi-instrumentalist, singer-songwriter and composer. He works in music known as "alternative soul", a mixture of rock, jazz and R&B.
He was featured in Pulse Magazine as number one on the list of "Top 12 Musicians To Look Out For in 2014". He was also mentioned in pulse magazine as number one on the list of "Top 12 Musicians To Look Out For in 2014".
Early life
Emmanuel Bez Idakula was born in 1983, in Jos in central Nigeria. He grew up into a family where music is being loved and cherished. As a child he sang in choirs. He began to play his father's guitar at the age of nine. He lost his father who was a politician running for the position of a governor in Nasarawa state, Nigeria, at the age of twelve.
References
Living people
Nigerian singer-songwriters
Multi-instrumentalists
Frankfurt Parliament

The Frankfurt Parliament (, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany. Session was held from May 18, 1848 to May 31, 1849 in the Paulskirche, Frankfurt|Paulskirche at Frankfurt am Main. It was elected during the "March Revolution" in the states of the German Confederation.
The assembly produced the so-called Paulskirche Constitution () which proclaimed a German Empire based on the principles of parliamentary democracy. This constitution fulfilled the main demands of the liberal and nationalist movements of the Vormarz and provided a foundation of human rights. The parliament also proposed a constitutional monarchy headed by a hereditary emperor (Kaiser). The Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV did not accept the office of emperor when it was offered to him. He argued such an offer was an offence against the rights of the princes of the individual German states. In the 20th century, however, major elements of the Frankfurt constitution became models for the Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of 1949.
References
William Carr: A History of Germany, 1815-1945. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1969.
Frank Eyck: Frankfurt Parliament, 1969
Rosemary O'Kane: Paths to Democracy: Revolution and Totalitarianism. New York: Routeledge. 2004. pgs 96-98.
Brian E. Vick: Defining Germany: The 1848 Frankfurt Parliamentarians and National Identity (Harvard University Press, 2002). -
Other websites
Text of the Paulskirche Constitution on Documentarchiv.de
1848 in Europe
1849
1840s in Germany
Democracy movements
Parliaments
Politics of Germany
Frankfurt
Ocuilan de Arteaga

Ocuilan de Arteaga is a city in the state of Mexico in Mexico. About 1,091 people live there.
References
Settlements in Mexico (state)
1520s establishments in Mexico
1522 establishments
Base pair

In molecular biology, two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA strands that are connected by hydrogen bonds are called a base pair (often abbreviated bp).
In DNA pairing, adenine (A) forms a base pair with thymine (T),
to form an A/T base pair.
Guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) in DNA, to form a G/C base pair.
Related pages
DNA
Nucleobase
Molecular biology
European plaice

European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) is the name for a kind of fish. They are a commercially important flatfish. They live on the sandy bottoms of the European shelf. Its geographical range is from the Barents Sea to the Mediterranean. Plaice are characterised by their smooth, brown skin, red spots and bony ridge behind the eyes.
The fish feeds on polychaetes, crustaceans and bivalves. They can be found down to about 200 m.
Gastronomy
In England they are often used as the fish in fish and chips.
In Danish cuisine they are one of the most commonly eaten fishes. Filleted, battered and pan-fried plaice is popular hot or cold as an open sandwich topping together with remoulade sauce and lemon slices. Battered plaice can also be served hot with french fries and remoulade sauce as a main dish; this fish and chips variant is commonly available as a children's special in Danish restaurants. Breaded frozen plaice, ready to be baked or fried at home, are readily available in supermarkets. Fresh plaice is also oven-baked.
Other websites
Information about plaice
Flatfish
Edible fish
Juan Antonio Menéndez Fernández

Juan Antonio Menendez Fernandez (6 January 1957 - 15 May 2019) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1981. He served as an auxiliary bishop of Oviedo and titular bishop of Nasai from 2013 to 2015. He served as the Bishop of Astorga from 2015 until his death in 2019. Menendez Fernandez was born in Villamarin de Salcedo.
Menendez Fernandez died of a heart attack on 15 May 2019 in Astorga. He was 62.
References
1957 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Spanish Roman Catholic bishops
Banu Sulaym

The Banu Sulaym () was a group of Nomadic Arabs. In the 11th century they migrated from Upper Egypt into what is now Tunisia and eastern Algeria. They defeated the Berbers.
History
Oral tradition says that the tribe would have left Arabia to go to Egypt. According to their legend they rebelled against the Caliph of Baghdad in the second half of the 10th century. In 1049, when the Zirid ruler of Tunisia rebelled against Egypt, nomads were sent to punish them. Ibn Khaldun, an early Tunisian historian, said they were like "a cloud of locusts" when they invaded Tunisia. The Arab poets told of their many conquests as they moved west. They were defeated in a series of battles during the 12th century by the Moroccan dynasty. Even though it was an oral history, they were a real tribe. They did come from the Arabian Peninsula. They did control much of North Africa for over a century. They were mostly installed in the south of Tunisia and Libya as well as a minority in the south of Algeria and the Moroccan plains.
Further reading
Almsaodi, Abdulaziz. Modern history of Yemen
References
Other websites
Power and Interest News Report
History of Africa
History of Algeria
History of Tunisia
History of Egypt
Colton, South Dakota

Colton is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Minnehaha County, and 687 people lived there at the 2010 census. Colton became a city in 1904.
References
Other websites
City of Colton website
Cities in South Dakota
1904 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in South Dakota
David Ortiz

David Americo Ortiz Arias (born November 18, 1975 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball designated hitter who played for the Boston Red Sox. Ortiz used to play for the Minnesota Twins from -. Nicknamed "Big Papi" or "Senor Papi", Ortiz has played in four All-Star Games. He holds the Red Sox single-season record for home runs with 54, which he set during the 2006 season. He also won the 2010 Home Run DeCareer
Early career
Ortiz graduated from Estudia Espaillat High School in the Dominican Republic and
in he was signed by the Seattle Mariners who listed him as "David Arias" (possibly not understanding Spanish naming customs). In 1996, the Mariners received Dave Hollins from the Minnesota Twins for a player to be named later. Later that season, the Mariners announced that the player to be named later would be Arias. When Ortiz arrived in Minnesota, he informed the team that he preferred to be listed as "David Ortiz." He made his major league debut in September of 1997. After moving up and down from the majors to the minors, Ortiz hit .272 with 20 home runs and 75 RBI in , when the Twins lost in the American League Championship Series to the eventual World Series champions Anaheim Angels.
Professional career
In 2003, Ortiz was traded to the Boston Red Sox. He hit 31 home runs that season. The Red Sox lost to the New York Yankees in the ALCS.
Starting in 2004, however, Ortiz became known for his clutch hitting. He hit two walk-off home runs in the postseason. His first came when the Red Sox swept the Anaheim Angels in the American League Division Series. He hit another walk-off home run in Game 4 of the ALCS against the Yankees. And he also had a walk-off single in Game 5. He was named ALCS MVP. The Red Sox went on to win their first World Series since 1918. They won two more World Series championships in 2007 and 2013.
In Game 2 of the 2013 ALCS against the Detroit Tigers, Ortiz hit a game-tying grand slam with two outs in the bottom of the eighth inning.
Ortiz retired after the 2016 season. The Red Sox were swept by the Cleveland Indians in the ALDS that year.
2019 shooting
On June 9, 2019, Ortiz was shot in the Dominican Republic while at a club in Santo Domingo. Ortiz was "ambushed by a man who got off a motorcycle" and shot him in the back. He was hospitalized and underwent surgery.
Career statistics
References
Other websites
Fan-driven, Red Sox social media site
Ten Questions for David Ortiz on Time.com (a division of Time Magazine)
Stephan and Big Papi
David Ortiz Interview
Stephan and Big Papi
1975 births
Living people
Boston Red Sox players
Dominican Republic baseball players
Minnesota Twins players
Graymoor-Devondale, Kentucky

Graymoor-Devondale is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Mieszko I of Poland

Mieszko I (c. 935 - May 25, 992) was a duke of the Polans and the first christian ruler of Poland. He was father of Boleslaw I, first polish king. His politican masterpiece called ,,The Baptism of Poland" caused, that germans, bohemians and vielets didn't anymore attacked Poland, beacause he got a baptism from the bishop from the Bohemia, which was a german Fiefdom.
Family
He was a son of the Siemomysl, the ruler of Polans, and grandson of the Lestek, she was also a father of: Boleslaw I of Poland, the first king of Poland, Mieszko Mieszkowic, Swietoslawa, the queen of the Vikings and the Granfather of Cnut the Great, the king of the vikings, Mieszko Mieszkowic, Lambert Mieszkowic and Vladivoj - the Duke of Bohemia
Mieszko I (c. 935 - May 25, 992) was a duke of the Polans and the first christian ruler of Poland. He was father of Boleslaw I, first polish king. His politican masterpiece called ,,The Baptism of Poland" caused, that germans,bohemians and vielets didn't anymore attacked Poland, beacause he got a baptism from the bishop from the Bohemia, which was a german Fiefdom.
The Politics
Mieszko was a great politican, an example of his politician and strategist genius was the fact, that he adopted christianity from the Bishop from Bohemia, which was a german fiefdom, and he stopped most of the attacks of Vielets, Bohemians and Germans. He was also a big friend of the Holy Roman Empire's Emperor. He conquered almost all of the terrains of today's Poland and he United all of the Polish tribes in one country, with the capital in Gniezno.
Blindness
Gallus Anonymus writes that Mieszko was blind until his 7th birthday. That information was used by later chroniclers, but it's probably just an allegory.
Catholicism
Mieszko was the first catholic ruler in Poland, he married Dobrawa of Bohemia and after that got baptised.
References
Ilustrowany Poczet Krolow i Ksiazat Polskich
935 births
992 deaths
Polish dukes
Piast dynasty
K. R. Narayanan

Kocheril Raman Narayanan (; 4 February 1921 - 9 November 2005) was an Indian politician. He was born in Perumthanam, Travancore, British India. He was the tenth President of India from 1997 to 2002. Before this, he was the Vice President of India from 1992 to 1997. Narayanan was a member of the Indian National Congress.
Narayanan died of pneumonia caused by renal failure on 9 November 2005 in New Delhi at the age of 84.
References
1921 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from renal failure
Presidents of India
Vice presidents of India
Ambedkarites
Ambassadors of India to the United States
Ambassadors to China
Nouadhibou

Nouadhibou (; , Berber: Nwadibu, formerly in French: ) is the second-biggest city in Mauritania. It is the capital of the Dahklet Nouadhibou Region.
History
The town was first made as a small fishing port. It was owned by the Portuguese, then the Dutch, and then the French.
Population history
Health
The Nouadhibou Regional Hospital was opened in 2017. It took five years to make it. It is the biggest hospital in the area.
References
Cities in Mauritania
Weatherford, Texas

Weatherford is a city in Parker County, Texas near Fort Worth. It is part of Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Bud, Not Buddy

Bud, Not Buddy is a children's novel written by Christopher Paul Curtis. It is set in Michigan in 1936. It was published in 1999. The book won the Newbery Medal in 2000, for excellence in American children's literature.
References
1999 books
20th-century American novels
Children's books
Fiction set in the past
Michigan in fiction
Newbery Medal winning books
Meierskappel

Meierskappel is a municipality of the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Lucerne
Waitby

Waitby is a village and civil parish in near Kirkby Stephen in Eden, Cumbria, England. Waitby has a castle.
References
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Villages in Cumbria
Eden
Bruce Harrell

Bruce Allen Harrell (born October 10, 1958) is an American politician and attorney. He is the Mayor of Seattle since 2022. He was the mayor before for a short time in 2017. He was a member of the Seattle City Council. He was first elected to the city council in 2007 and was re-elected in 2011 and 2015, and did not run again in 2019.
References
1958 births
Living people
Mayors of Seattle
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Virginia
Glen Ellyn, Illinois

{| class="mbox-small" style="text-align:center;border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"
! colspan="4" style="text-align:center;border-top:none;"| Demographics (2000)
|-
| White| Black| Hispanic| Asian|-
| 86.7%
| 3%
| 6.6%
| 6.5%
|-
| Islander| Native| Other|-
| 0.01%
| 0.1%
| 1.83%
|}Glen Ellyn''' is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburb of Chicago. The village had a population of 27,450 as of the 2010 Census.
References
Suburbs of Chicago
Villages in Illinois
Settlements in DuPage County, Illinois
Treaty of Verdun

The Treaty of Verdun (843) happened two generations after Charlemagne and divided his empire into three parts. When Charlemagne's son Louis the Pious died in 840, his oldest son Lothair I said that he ruled his younger brothers and their lands. But his brothers Louis the German and Charles the Bald won the Battle of Fontenoy (841).
Division of the empire
Each of the brothers already had one kingdom - Lothair in Italy, Louis the German in Bavaria, and Charles the Bald in Aquitaine.
Lothair got the central part of the empire - what later became the Low Countries, Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence, and Italy.
Louis the German received East Francia. Louis became of all lands to the east of the Rhine river and to the north and east of Italy. This area became the Medieval Holy Roman Empire and parts of it later became modern Germany.
Charles the Bald received West Francia, which later became modern France.
9th century in Germany
History of France
Verdun
843
9th century in Europe
The Rascals

The Rascals (formerly known as The Young Rascals) were an American pop-soul group popular in the 1960s.
They are known for their songs: Good Lovin', Groovin', A Beautiful Morning, and People Got To Be Free. Their members were: Felix Cavaliere (lead vocals and keyboard), Eddie Brigati (vocals), Gene Cornish (guitar) and Dino Danelli (drums).
Dino Danelli died on December the 15, 2022, at the age of 78 years old. He died from an illness in a hospice in New York.
Other websites
Rascals, the
Soul bands
Musical groups from New Jersey
Daisuke Takahashi (footballer)

Daisuke Takahashi (born 18 September 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Cerezo Osaka.
Club career statistics
|-
|2006||rowspan="4"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||23||5||2||4||4||0||29||9
|-
|2007||29||10||0||0||5||2||34||12
|-
|2008||21||1||0||0||5||0||26||1
|-
|2009||32||5||2||0||3||0||37||5
|-
|2010||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
105||21||4||4||17||2||126||27
105||21||4||4||17||2||126||27
|}
References
Cerezo Osaka
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Fukuoka Prefecture
Chin

The chin is the bottom part of the face. It is under the mouth and is the forward part of the jaw.
The chin is unique to present-day humans, our species. It is not present in the anthropoid apes, nor in any other hominin. Neanderthals did not have a human-type chin. In medical anatomy, the chin is called the "mental eminence".
Its absence in Homo floresiensis is grounds for thinking that small hominin was not of our species.
It is thought that our chin may have become shaped like this to improve the muscle attachments of the lips and tongue. Chins can be larger or smaller, depending on the person. Even though chin sizes vary a lot, it is usually further forward than the rest of the face in normal humans.
References
Basic English 850 words
Face
Damery, Somme

Damery is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
2014 FIFA World Cup Group C

Group C of the 2014 FIFA World Cup consisted of Colombia, Greece, Ivory Coast, and Japan. Play began on 14 June and ended on 24 June 2014.
Standings
Colombia advanced to play Uruguay (runner-up of Group D) in the round of 16.
Greece advanced to play Costa Rica (winner of Group D) in the round of 16.
Matches
Colombia vs Greece
Ivory Coast vs Japan
Colombia vs Ivory Coast
Japan vs Greece
Japan vs Colombia
Greece vs Ivory Coast
References
Other websites
2014 FIFA World Cup Group C , FIFA.com
Group C
Birthday effect

The birthday effect (sometimes called the birthday blues, especially when talking about suicide) is a statistical phenomenon where the chances of a person's death is higher on or close to their birthday. The birthday effect has been seen in studies in England and Wales, Switzerland, Ukraine, and the United States. It is even studied within Major League Baseball players.
Some studies find that men's and women's mortality rates are higher near their birthdays. Other studies do not find that gender affects high death rates around birthdays. However, some studies found that women were more likely to die right before a birthday, and men were more likely to die right after.
Some reasons for people dying near or on their birthdays are said to be related to alcohol drinking, stress, higher suicide risk, or terminally ill patients trying to stay alive until their birthday. Another cause could be a yearly cycle (similar to the circadian rhythm) that causes the body to weaken.
A study in England and Wales found that there was a statistically significant birthday effect in men and women (never married, married, divorced and widowed) but it was not seen in the population as a whole.
Famous people to have died on their birthdays include James Lovelock, Levi P. Morton, Frances E. Allen, Julie Bishop, Peter Dickinson, Edward Seaga, Grachan Moncur III, and Phil Batt.
References
Birthdays
Deaths
Numbers station

A Numbers station is a kind of shortwave radio station with unusual broadcasts: very often, these broadcasts consist of numbers that are read by computer-generated voices. Several of these stations exist, numbers are read in different languages. Some stations have operated for a period of more than ten years, using the same frequency.
The purpose of the stations is unknown, along with who operates them. One supposition is that governments use them to communicate with secret agents or spies. As receiving the messages is relatively simple, the agent only needs a world radio receiver.
Radio stations
The Ox-Bow Incident

The Ox-Bow Incident is a 1943 American western movie. It was directed by William A. Wellman. The movie is based on the 1940 book of the same name by Walter Van Tilburg Clark. Actors include Henry Fonda, Dana Andrews, Mary Beth Hughes, Anthony Quinn, Jane Darwell, William Eythe, Harry Davenport, Frank Conroy, Willard Robertson, and Francis Ford. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1944.
Other websites
1943 movies
1940s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by William A. Wellman
Movies set in Nevada
Movies set in the 1880s
Movies about capital punishment
Afghan Hound

The Afghan Hound is a dog from Afghanistan. Other names for them are Kuchi Hound, Tazi, Balkh Hound, Baluchi Hound, Barutzy Hound, Shalgar Hound, Kabul Hound, Galanday Hound, or sometimes, incorrectly, African Hound. This is a very old dog breed, believed to have existed for thousands of years. It is a type of sighthound , a hunting dog which uses its eyes to spot and chase small animals, like rabbits. They are closely related to other sighthounds, like the Greyhound. Afghan Hounds can run very quickly, and can run short distances at up to 75 kilometers per hour. Nowadays, they are kept as pets, compete as show dogs, and participate in a dog sport called lure coursing, which is similar to rabbit hunting.
Appearance
Their face is long and skinny, with ears that drop down on the sides of their head. The Afghan Hound is tall and thin, with a long tail that curls and is held high up in the air.
Behavior
The Afghan Hound is one of the most difficult types of dogs to train. Unlike many kinds of dogs, they do not like to listen to commands, and would rather make their own choices. In The Intelligence of Dogs, the Afghan Hound came in last place for "working intelligence." This does not mean that the Afghan Hound is stupid; it means that it is easier to encourage other dogs to follow instructions than the Afghan Hound.
They like to run, and because they can run very fast, they need to be kept on a leash or in a fenced area. Fences need to be very high to keep the Afghan Hound from escaping, because they can easily jump several meters in the air. Afghan Hounds cannot live in the same house as a cat or any other small animal, as they will try to chase or hunt it.
This is a quiet dog for indoors, but needs to have regular exercise and play time. They need to have the chance to run in a safe, fenced area at least once a week. If an Afghan gets bored, it can tear things up. This is a friendly dog that is not shy with people or other dogs. Many people who own Afghan Hounds say that they are "clownish" and silly, because they are very playful. Afghan Hounds are known to be very sensitive to injuries and complain a lot when they have them.
Health
Afghan Hounds are mostly very healthy dogs, but do get some diseases more often than others. Because their tails are very long and thin, they can hurt them quite easily. These dogs are very sensitive to anesthetic, so if they are getting an operation, the vet must be very careful with the amount of anesthetic given. Their eyes can develop cataracts, which will make the dog blind if they are not removed.
References
Dog breeds
Hunting
Thomas Boni Yayi

Dr. Thomas Boni Yayi (born 1 July 1952) is a Beninese politician and banker. He served as the President of Benin from 6 April 2006 to 6 April 2016. He was re-elected to a second term in March 2011. From 29 January 2012 to 27 January 2013, he was the Chairperson of the African Union.
On 15 March 2007, Boni Yayi survived an assassination attempt. Several of the people travelling with the president were wounded in gunfire between the presidential guard and the would-be assassins.
On 23 October 2012, the BBC said that his doctor, niece, and former commerce minister had been arrested in a plot to poison the president. The niece changed his medicine to a "toxic substance" while he was on a state visit to Brussels.
In September 2021, Patrice Talon and Thomas Boni Yayi, political allies who have become intimate enemies, met at the Marina Palace in Cotonou. During this tete-a-tete, Thomas Boni Yayi presented Patrice Talon with a series of proposals and requests, relating in particular to the release of "political detainees".'
References
Other websites
1952 births
Living people
Presidents of Benin
African Union chairpersons
St. Johns, Michigan

St. Johns is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 7,865 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Clinton County.
References
Cities in Michigan
County seats in Michigan
Casola in Lunigiana

Casola in Lunigiana is a comune in the Province of Massa-Carrara in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Settlements in Tuscany
Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont

Etienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont (April 1679 - 1734) was a French explorer. He wrote about his travels on the Missouri and Platte rivers in North America. He made the first European maps of these areas in the early 18th century. He wrote two accounts of his travels, which included descriptions of the Native American tribes he encountered. In 1723, he built Fort Orleans, the first European fort on the Missouri River, near the mouth of the Grand River and present-day Brunswick, Missouri. In 1724, he led an expedition to the Great Plains of Kansas to create trading relations with the Padouca (Apache Indians).
Other websites
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Bourgmont, Etienne Veniard de
1679 births
1734 deaths
List of FIFA World Cup goalscorers

This is a list of FIFA World Cup goalscorers. This is until the 2014 World Cup.
Currently, Miroslav Klose has the most with 16 goals.
Overall top goalscorers
16 goals
Miroslav Klose
15 goals
Ronaldo
14 goals
Gerd Muller
13 goals
Just Fontaine
12 goals
Pele
11 goals
Jurgen Klinsmann
Sandor Kocsis
10 goals
Gabriel Batistuta
Gary Lineker
Helmut Rahn
Teofilo Cubillas
Grzegorz Lato
9 goals
Ademir
Jairzinho
Vava
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
Uwe Seeler
Roberto Baggio
Paolo Rossi
Christian Vieri
Eusebio
8 goals
Diego Maradona
Guillermo Stabile
Leonidas
Rivaldo
Rudi Voller
David Villa
Oscar Miguez
7 goals
Careca
Oldrich Nejedly
Hans Schafer
Lajos Tichy
Johnny Rep
Andrzej Szarmach
6 goals
Mario Kempes
Erich Probst
Bebeto
Rivelino
Hristo Stoichkov
Davor Suker
Thierry Henry
Helmut Haller
Lothar Matthaus
Max Morlock
Gyorgy Sarosi
Gyula Zsengeller
Salvatore Schillaci
Dennis Bergkamp
Rob Rensenbrink
Zbigniew Boniek
Oleg Salenko
Josef Hugi
Diego Forlan
5 goals
Hans Krankl
Marc Wilmots
Garrincha
Romario
Zico
Roger Milla
Tomas Skuhravy
Jon Dahl Tomasson
Geoff Hurst
Michel Platini
Zinedine Zidane
Franz Beckenbauer
Thomas Muller
Lukas Podolski
Alessandro Altobelli
Silvio Piola
Johan Neeskens
Wesley Sneijder
Peter McParland
Valentin Ivanov
Estanislao Basora
Emilio Butragueno
Raul Gonzalez
Fernando Hierro
Fernando Morientes
Kennet Andersson
Henrik Larsson
Landon Donovan
Pedro Cea
Juan Alberto Schiaffino
Goalscorers
Lists of footballers
Benny Golson

Benny Golson (born January 25, 1929) is an American bebop/hard bop jazz tenor saxophonist, composer, and arranger. He was a member of Lionel Hampton and Dizzy Gillespie led bands. Golson is known for co-founding and co-leading The Jazztet with trumpeter Art Farmer in 1959. His best known song is "I Remember Clifford".
References
1929 births
Living people
American composers
American jazz musicians
American saxophonists
Musicians from Philadelphia
Mercedes-Benz A-Class

The Mercedes-Benz A-Class is a small luxury car made by the luxury car brand Mercedes-Benz.
It is the brand's smallest car, below the B-Class. Since 2018, there has been a sedan option, made for small sedan buyers. The 1st gen is codenamed W168, and started in 1997 the 2nd gen, codenamed W169, started in 2004, the 3rd gen, codenamed W176, started in 2012, and the 4th gen, codenamed W177, with a sedan codenamed V177, started in 2018.
First generation
In 1994, Mercedes had confirmed a new small car would be made, was first seen in 1996, and was released in 1997 at a motor show in Frankfurt, Germany. Although it is a small subcompact car, it is large and practical inside, like a mid-size car. It was designed by Steve Mattin, who also designed the ML-Class, and the GL-Class. It is unusual of Mercedes to make a front-wheel drive hatchback with a short, but tall body. Its code name is W168.
In between 1997-2004, 1.1 million units were produced, but the problem is that, Daimler had lost EUR1,440 making each unit.
Life cycle impulse / Change
In early 2001, the A-Class had gotten a change, adding new front and back.
Gallery
Second generation
The new A-Class' codename is W169 and it is constructed with high-strength steel alloys, and has increased in cargo capacity by 15 percent, compared to the W168 A-Class. Unlike the previous, or next generation, this generation of A-Class had a 3-door and 5-door option. While the 5-door is codenamed W169, the 3-door is codenamed 'C169'.
Life cycle impulse / Change
In 2008, the A-Class had gotten a change, meaning it had gotten longer, received longer doors, and has new headlights and taillights.
Gallery
Third generation
The new A-Class is completely different from the 2 previous generations. Unlike the previous 2, who used the W168 and W169 model codes, the new W176 has a larger model code. The new car has grown 400 mm (0.4 m) longer. It has new headlights, taillights, body style, refreshed interior, cooler rear lights and front lights, now making it closer to the small luxury car segment and daytime running lights.
The new A-Class is more expressive than the previous models, directly competes with the Audi A3 and BMW 1 Series, as they are all German luxury small family cars.
Life cycle impulse / Change
In 2015, the A-Class had gotten a change for 2016, adding bolder, restyled headllights, and better technology.
Gallery
Fourth generation
The new A-Class is the fourth generation of the Mercedes-Benz A-Class, the successor of the W176. Its codename is W177, and features multiple design cues from the previous A-Class.
Sedan
The V177 is a sedan version of the W177 hatchback. There is also a longer version that is only sold in China, codenamed Z177.
Gallery
Other websites
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
2020s automobiles
A-Class
Hatchbacks
Carlo Zotti

Carlo Zotti (born 3 September 1982) is an Italian football player. He plays for Bellinzona.
Club career statistics
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Roma||rowspan="4"|Serie A||0||0
|-
|2002/03||1||0
|-
|2003/04||3||0
|-
|2004/05||10||0
|-
|2005/06||Ascoli||Serie A||0||0
|-
|2006/07||Roma||Serie A||0||0
|-
|2006/07||Sampdoria||Serie A||1||0
|-
|2007/08||Roma||Serie A||0||0
|-
|2008/09||Cittadella||Serie B||||
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Bellinzona||rowspan="2"|Super League||||
|-
|2009/10||||
15||0
||
15||0
References
1982 births
Living people
Italian association football goalkeepers
Moore County, Tennessee

Moore County is a county located in the south central part of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,461. Its county seat of Lynchburg.
References
Tennessee counties
Bahama Passage

Bahama Passage is a 1941 American romantic drama movie directed by Edward H. Griffith and starring Sterling Hayden, Madeleine Carroll, Flora Robson, Leo G. Carroll, Cecil Kellaway, Leigh Whipper, Dorothy Dandridge. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
1941 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies directed by Edward H. Griffith
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies set in the Bahamas
Williamsburg Bridge

The Williamsburg Bridge is a suspension bridge in New York City. It goes between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. The bridge opened on December 19, 1903. It is free to cross.
History
The bridge was built starting in 1896. It cost $24,200,000. Until 1924, it was the world's longest suspension bridge.
The bridge has been rebuilt since the 1980s. It was closed in 1988 after cracks were found on the bridge. A bicycle lane was also built on the bridge.
In 2003, the bridge turned 100 years old. On June 22, 2003, people held a party on the bridge to celebrate the bridge's age. In 2009, the bridge was made a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.
Train tracks
The bridge carries subway tracks of the BMT Nassau Street Line. In the early 20th century it also had trolley tracks.
References
Other websites
Williamsburg Bridge info from NYCDOT
Steel bridges
Bridges in Manhattan
Brooklyn
Suspension bridges
1903 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in New York (state)
Vanessa Erskine

Vanessa Erskine (born 12 July 1994) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She played for the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. She played at the 2013 Youth Parapan American Games.
References
1994 births
Living people
American Paralympic gold medalists
American wheelchair basketball players
President-elect of the United States

President-elect of the United States is the title used for an incoming president of the United States between the general election on Election Day in November and noon Eastern Standard Time on Inauguration Day, January 20. During this time, the elected nominee is not in office yet.
Since the election for U.S. president is not by popular vote, the title is used for the apparent winner. The decision is finalized when votes of the Electoral College, cast in December, are counted by a joint session of Congress in early January.
If the current president has won re-election, they are not given the title of president-elect because he or she is already in office and not waiting to become president. If a new president is scheduled to enter, then the current-standing one is said to hold the office on a lame duck basis.
List of presidents-elect
References
Edith Bunker

Edith Bunker is a fictional character from the 1970s sitcom All in the Family. She is the kind but sometimes clueless wife to Archie Bunker in the show. Edith Bunker is played by actress Jean Stapleton. Edith was first seen in the first episode of All in the Family which premiered on January 12, 1971. Edith was also in Archie Bunker's Place a little but dies of a stroke when not on the show .
Fictional American people
Television characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1971
Royal Astronomical Society

The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is a learned society and charity that supports the study of astronomy, solar-system science, geophysics and closely related branches of science.
Its headquarters are in Burlington House, on Piccadilly in London. The society has over 4,000 members ("Fellows"), most of them professional researchers or postgraduate students. Around a quarter of Fellows live outside the UK.
References
Astronomy
John Galsworthy

John Galsworthy (; 14 August 1867 - 31 January 1933) was an English novelist and playwright. He is best known for his trilogy of novels named The Forsyte Saga, and two later trilogies, A Modern Comedy and End of the Chapter. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932.
1867 births
1933 deaths
British Nobel Prize winners
Animal rights activists
British playwrights
Humanitarians
Nobel Prize in Literature winners
People educated at Harrow School
British essayists
British novelists
People from Surrey
Bhadarwahi

Bhadarwahi is a language spoken in the Bhadarwah region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is a Indo-Aryan languages from the Western Pahari languages. There are also some speakers in Pakistan.
References
Indo-Aryan languages
Languages of Jammu and Kashmir
Languages of India
Languages of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Languages of Pakistan
Slave Craton

The Slave Craton is an Archaean craton in the north-western Canadian Shield, in Northwest Territories and Nunavut.
It has some of the oldest rocks on Earth.
It has ~2.73-2.63 Ga (billion years-old) greenstones and turbidite sequences. These are the geologic deposits of a turbidity current. This type of gravity flow put vast amounts of clastic sediment into the deep ocean.
Large parts of the craton are underlain by even older gneiss and granitoid units.
References
Geography of Canada
Geological formations
Ebensburg, Pennsylvania

Ebensburg is a borough and the county seat of Cambria County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is located west of Altoona. The population was 3,351 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area.
References
Boroughs in Pennsylvania
County seats in Pennsylvania
SummerSlam (2011)

SummerSlam (2011) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view made by WWE, that took place on August 14, 2011 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. It was the 24th yearly SummerSlam event held by the WWE. There were 6 matches on the card.
Results
References
Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2011 website
2011 in professional wrestling
Sports in Los Angeles
SummerSlam
2011 in American television
2010s in Los Angeles, California
August 2011 events
2011 in California