pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hydra (moon)

Hydra is the farthest moon of Pluto. It was found along with Nix in June, 2005 by the Hubble Space Telescope's Pluto Companion Search Team, which is composed of Hal A. Weaver, Alan Stern, Max J. Mutchler, Andrew J. Steffl, Marc W. Buie, William J. Merline, John R. Spencer, Eliot F. Young, and Leslie A. Young. The discovery images were taken on May 15, 2005 and May 18, 2005; the moons were independently found by Max J. Mutchler on June 15, 2005 and Andrew J. Steffl on August 15, 2005. The discoveries were announced on October 31, 2005, after confirmation by precoveries from 2002. The moons were provisionally designated S/2005 P 1 (Hydra) and S/2005 P 2 (Nix).
The moon orbits the barycenter of the system in the same plane as Charon and Nix, at a distance of about 65,000 km. Unlike other moons of Pluto, its orbit is only nearly circular; its eccentricity of 0.0052 is small, but significantly non-zero. Its orbital period of 38.2 days.
Although its size has not been directly measured, calculations based on its brightness give it a diameter of between 61 km, if its reflectivity is similar to Charon's 35 percent, and about 167 km, if it has a reflectivity of 4 percent like the darkest Kuiper belt objects (KBOs). At the time of discovery, Hydra was about 25 percent brighter than its sister moon Nix, which led to the assumption that its diameter was some 10 percent bigger. Pre-discovery data from Hubble observations in 2002-3 inferred that Nix was the brighter moon. However, Hubble observations in 2005-6, specifically targeting the dim moons, once again showed Hydra to be a little brighter. Hydra appears to be grey like Charon and Nix, though Pluto is reddish.
Hydra was to be visited along with Pluto by the New Horizons mission in 2015.
The name Hydra was announced on June 21, 2006, in IAU Circular 8723, along with the formal designation Pluto III. It was named after Hydra, the monster who guarded the waters of Pluto/Hades's underworld in Greco-Roman mythology.
References
<li value="8"> (Final preprint)
Other websites
Hydra Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
NASA's Hubble Reveals Possible New Moons Around Pluto - Hubble press release
Two More Moons Discovered Orbiting Pluto (SPACE.com)
Pluto's Newest Moons Named Hydra and Nix (SPACE.com)
Hydra at ESA/Hubble
Pluto's moons
Dana Vespoli

Dana Vespoli is an American pornographic actress and movie director.
Vespoli began performing at age 31 as a stripper. She began her pornographic career in 2003.
In April 2006, Vespoli began directing for Digital Sin. Her directing work has focused mainly on lesbian scenes.
In 2011, Complex named her thirteenth on their list of "The Top 50 Hottest Asian Porn Stars of All Time". Vespoli entered the AVN Hall of Fame in 2016.
References
Living people
American pornographic actors
Actors from San Francisco
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
AVN Award winners
Ashish Jha

Ashish Kumar Jha (born December 31, 1970) is an Indian American general internist physician and academic. He was a Dean at the Brown University School of Public Health. He was also a professor at Harvard University and a Senior Advisor at Albright Stonebridge Group. Jha's role at Brown University focuses on improving the quality and cost of health care, and on the impact of public health policy.
On March 17, 2022, US President Joe Biden announced that Jha would replace Jeffrey Zients as White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator. Jha took office on April 5, 2022.
References
1970 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Indian academics
Indian physicians
American physicians
Academics from Rhode Island
Scientists from New Jersey
People from Bihar
Harvard University faculty
Oxygen-18

Oxygen-18 (, O) is a natural, stable isotope of oxygen and one of the environmental isotopes.
References
Isotopes
Oxygen
Holbrook, Massachusetts

Holbrook is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2010 census, the town population was 10,791.
References
Towns in Massachusetts
New Canton, Illinois

New Canton is a town in Illinois in the United States.
Towns in Illinois
Green Turtle Cay

Green Turtle Cay is an island in The Bahamas. It is in the "Abaco Out Islands". It is long and 1/2 mile wide. It was named after the many green turtles that live in the area. There are about 450 people. The main town is New Plymouth.
Islands of the Bahamas
Districts of the Bahamas
Adgestone

Adgestone is a small hamlet on the Isle of Wight. It is close to Brading in the east of the island.
Other websites
Villages on the Isle of Wight
Tortilla Flat (movie)

Tortilla Flat is a 1942 American romantic comedy movie. Victor Fleming was the director. It was based on the 1935 novel with the same name by John Steinbeck. Spencer Tracy, Hedy Lamarr, John Garfield, Frank Morgan, Akim Tamiroff, Sheldon Leonard, John Qualen, Donald Meek, Allen Jenkins, and Connie Gilchrist acted in the movie. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer distributed the movie.
Other websites
1942 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
MGM movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Victor Fleming
Rodrigo Espíndola

Rodrigo Federico Espindola (29 July 1989 - 13 May 2016) was an Argentine professional footballer. He played for Chacarita Juniors, Racing Club and most notably Nueva Chicago. He played as a defender. He was born in Monte Grande, Argentina. He began his career in 2009.
Espindola died on 13 May 2016 after being shot during a robbery in Monte Grande, Argentina, aged 26.
References
1989 births
2016 deaths
Deaths by firearm
Murder victims
Argentine footballers
Thimister-Clermont

Thimister-Clermont is a municipality found in the Belgian province of Liege.
In 2007 its population was 5331.
References
Municipalities of Liege
18 til I Die

18 til I Die is a rock album by the Canadian singer and songwriter Bryan Adams. It was released in 1996 (see 1996 in music). It is the second album Adams co-produced with Robert Mutt Lange and features a more raw rock style, including some Blues style music.
Track listing
International
Australia
Personnel
Bryan Adams - rhythm guitar, vocals, co-producer
Keith Scott - lead guitar
Paco de Lucia- featured flamenco guitarist on "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman"
Mickey Curry - drums
Dave Taylor - bass
Olle Romo - percussion
Michael Kamen - piano, string arrangements
Mutt Lange - guitars
Chart positions
Album
References
Bryan Adams albums
1996 albums
Jokerman (song)

"Jokerman" is a 1984 song by Bob Dylan and taken from his 22nd studio album Infidels. It features a live version of Isis as its B-side.
References
1984 songs
Bob Dylan songs
Reggae rock songs
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town

Mr. Deeds Goes to Town is a 1936 American romantic comedy drama movie directed by Frank Capra and was based on the 1935 short story Opera Hat by Clarence Budington Kelland. It stars Gary Cooper, Jean Arthur, George Bancroft, Lionel Stander, Douglass Dumbrille, John Wray, Ruth Donnelly and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 5 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1937 and was spun off into a TV series in 1969 and remade in 2002.
Other websites
1930s comedy-drama movies
1936 romantic comedy movies
1936 romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies based on short stories
Movies directed by Frank Capra
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies adapted into television series
Arawanna

Arawanna,Ara-Wanna(Irwnt). The Hittite-Luwian city-state and historical region of the same name in the south-west of the Armenian Highlands(near modern town of Elbistan, Ablasta in Armenian: Ablasta), which existed in the Bronze Age and was mentioned by king Mursili II in his annals, where he writes that when Suppiluliuma I was king of the Hittites, the Aravanians invaded the land of Kaskians near "Sammahi". Some translators believe that this may be a Late-Hittite pronunciation of "Samuha", comparing Suppiluliuma of the mid-14th century BC, who managed to subdue Arawanna and other city-states, which had rebelled against his father, with king Suppiluliuma of the late 13th century BC. However, in other places of the annals Arawanna and Cascia are not connected with Samuha. King Mursili himself in the fifth year of his reign - c. 1317 BC - moved to the city of Zulila in the vicinity of Sammahi to save the Cascians from invasions near Samuha.
Arawanna took part in the coalition of states that rebelled against the Hittite king Tudhaliya III and were supported by the king of Mitanni Shuttarna II.
Arawanna(Irwnt) at the Battle of Kadesh
Arawanna(Irwnt) was one of the allies states who fought on the side of the Hittite empire against Egypt at the Battle of Kadesh
Succession of Arawanna
Arawanna(Irwnt) was a homeland and personal land domain of the first historically known Armenian royal dynasty Eruandid(Yervanduni,Orontid dynasty).
References
Hittite Empire
Ancient Armenia
Ancient settlements
Nigeria at the Olympics

Nigeria was first at the Olympic Games in 1952. They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the boycotted 1976 Summer Olympics. The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.
The National Olympic Committee for Nigeria was formed in 1951.
Medalists
References
Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Tangerines

Tangerines ( Mandarinebi, ) is a 2013 Estonian Georgian movie directed by Zaza Urushadze and starring Lembit Ulfsak, Giorgi Nakashidze, Elmo Nuganen, Mikheil Meskhi. It was distributed by Samuel Goldwyn Films and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2015.
Other websites
2013 movies
2010s war movies
Estonian movies
Georgian movies
Movies directed by Zaza Urushadze
Movies set in Georgia (country)
Donnie Fritts

Donald Ray Fritts (November 8, 1942 - August 27, 2019) was an American session musician and songwriter. In 2008, he was added into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame. He was known for working with Kris Kristofferson.
Working closely with Rick Hall, Billy Sherrill, Dan Penn, Arthur Alexander, David Briggs, Jerry Carrigan and Norbert Putnam.
In 2014, he appeared on Country Funk Vol. II, a compilation album from Light in the Attic. In 2015, he signed with Single Lock Records.
Fritts died from heart surgery-related problems on August 27, 2019, at a hospital in Birmingham, Alabama at the age of 76.
References
Other websites
Donnie Fritts Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2015)
1942 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
American keyboardists
American songwriters
Musicians from Alabama
Writers from Alabama
People from Florence, Alabama
Iwashimizu Hachimangū

is a Shinto shrine in the city of Yawata in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.
Shinto belief
People worship Hachiman at the shrine. Hachiman is the Shinto kami of Imperial legitimacy. Since it was built in 859, Hachiman has been recognized as Emperor Ojin.
See also
List of Shinto shrines
Twenty-Two Shrines
Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines
Minamoto no Yorinobu
Minamoto no Yoriyoshi
Notes
References
Breen, John and Mark Teeuwen. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ; ; OCLC 43487317
Brown, Delmer M. and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukansho: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
Kanda, Christine Guth. (1985). Shinzo: Hachiman Imagery and Its Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-80650-4
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 399449
. (1963). Vicissitudes of Shinto. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 36655
Maas, Jeffrey P. (1999). Yoritomo and the Founding of the First Bakufu: The Origins of Dual Government in Japan. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3591-9
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Related websites
Iwashimizu Hachimangu web site (in Japanese)
Photos of Iwashimizu Hachimangu and references in ancient Japanese literature
Chokusaisha
Kokushi Genzaisha
Twenty-Two Shrines
Beppyo shrines
Hachiman shrines
9th-century establishments in Japan
Kanpei-taisha
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Coordinates on Wikidata
Pages with unreviewed translations
The Innocents (movie)

The Innocents is a 1961 British psychological horror movie directed by Jack Clayton and based on the novella The Turn of the Screw by Henry James. It stars Deborah Kerr, Michael Redgrave, Peter Wyngarde, Pamela Franklin, Isla Cameron and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1961 horror movies
1960s psychological movies
British horror movies
Movies directed by Jack Clayton
20th Century Fox movies
Movies set in the 1890s
Malayan weasel

The Malayan weasel (Mustela nudipes) is a type of weasel. It is also called the Malay weasel. It is native to the Thai-Malay Peninsula and the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. It is a Least Concern species.
References
Mammals of Asia
Mustelids
Right to an adequate standard of living

The right to an adequate standard of living is a fundamental human rights. It is part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that was accepted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948.
Furthermore it has been written down in article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which is a human righs treaty of the United Nations as well.
The predecessor of this right, the Freedom from Want, is one of the Four Freedoms that American President Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke out at his State of the Union of January 6, 1941. According to Roosevelt it is a right every human being everywhere in the world should have. In his speech Roosevelt described his third right as follows:
References
Relating page
Economic, social and cultural rights
Human rights
Socioeconomics
Prometheus (2012 movie)

Prometheus ( ) is a 2012 science fiction horror movie directed by Ridley Scott, written by Jon Spaihts and Damon Lindelof. It stars Noomi Rapace, Michael Fassbender, Guy Pearce, Idris Elba, Logan Marshall-Green, and Charlize Theron.
It is set in the late 21st century and is about the crew of the spaceship Prometheus as it follows a star map discovered among the artifacts of several ancient Earth cultures. They wanted to find out the origins of humanity, but the crew arrives on a distant world and discovers a threat that could bring extinction to humanity.
Prometheus was released on June 1, 2012, in the United Kingdom and on June 8, 2012, in North America.
Other websites
2012 science fiction movies
2012 horror movies
Alien movies
Movies directed by Ridley Scott
Tull, Arkansas

Tull is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Towns in Arkansas
Murten

Murten (French: Morat) is a city in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It is a historic city on the south side of Lake Morat. The name of the city first appears in 515 as Muratum. The name is probably related to Celtic Moridunum. This is made from Mori (lake), and dunum (castle, fortification). The city used to be part of the duchy of Burgundy. It got city rights in 1337.
Today, about 6,000 people live there. Almost all of the old parts of the city still exist. In 2000, about 77% of the people spoke German, 13% spoke French, and about 2% spoke Italian. About 19% of the people living there are foreigners.
On 1 January 1975 the former municipality of Burg bei Murten merged into the municipality of Murten. It was created on 1 January 1991 by the former municipality of Altavilla and on 1 January 2013 by the former municipality of Buchslen. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Courlevon, Jeuss, Lurtigen and Salvenach merged into Murten.
Images
References
Other websites
Official website
The panorama of the battle of Morat
Photo Gallery from Morat
Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Fribourg
Imperial free cities
Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe

Admiral Lord Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe was a British fighter and nobleman.
Early life and family
Richard Howe was born in 1726. His parents were Emmanuel and Charlotte Howe. He had three brothers, George, William, and Thomas. Howe's mother Charlotte was related to the royal family. Her mother, Sophia von Kielmannsegg, was a king's daughter by a mistress. So Charlotte was King George I's niece through his half-sister. Sir Nathanial Wrahall said that Richard Howe looked like King George I.
Emmaneul Howe died when Richard Howe was about eight years old. He died while he was governor of Barbados. Charlotte was Lady of the Bedchamber to King George III's mother, Princess Augusta.
George and William Howe both went into the army and became generals. Richard Howe went into the navy and became Fleet Admiral. Thomas Howe worked for the East India Company.
Military career
Richard Howe joined the British Navy in 1757. He became a Rear Admiral and Vice Admiral during the Seven Years' War. During this time, he became the 4th Viscount Howe.
American Revolutionary War
Richard Howe was a peace commissioner for the British. He met with George Washington to talk about avoiding a war, but the talks did not work out. After that, Howe took command of the British Navy to stop the rebellion. Howe took 400 ships, to Staten Island Harbor and forced the Continental Army to run away from New York. At the time, this was the largest fleet in the history of the British Navy.
After the French joined the war in 1778, Howe won battles even after he was outnumbered. When British Admiral John Byron showed up, Howe went back to England. He resigned his position because he did not like Lord North.
Later career
Richard Howe did rejoin the navy to fight against France and Spain. In 1782, he was named the first Earl Howe. He fought in Gibraltar in 1782. He was made the first Lord of the Admiralty in 1783 and held the post until 1788. He was Vice Admiral of England from 1792 to 1796. In 1794, he defeated the French near Ushant. This victory was called the Glorious First of June.
Appearance
In 1803, Sir John Barrow said:
"[H]is countenance was of a serious cast, strongly marked and dark; at the same time there was a shyness and awkwardness in his manner, ... [but] the expression of his features [soon] assumed a very different and an animated character, assuming that benign aspect which corresponded with his disposition."
He died in 1799.
References
1726 births
1799 deaths
Royal Navy officers
Fuse

A fuse is a device that shuts off the power to an electrical circuit when too much electric current flows through it. This usually happens when too many appliances are plugged in or when there is a short circuit. A fuse is made as an intentional weak spot in a circuit that will melt (or "blow") when too much current is flowing through it, shutting off the power to the rest of the circuit. This protects the rest of the circuit. After the fuse blows, the problem that caused it to blow must be corrected and the fuse must be replaced to restore power to the circuit. A circuit breaker does the same job as a fuse, but it can be reset without replacing anything.
Fuses in plugs are made in standard ratings. The most common are 3 A, 5 A and 13 A. The fuse should be rated at a slightly higher current than the device needs. e.g. if the device works a 3 A use 5 A fuse. Fast and slow fuses are made. Fast acting fuses blow immediately once the current rating is exceeded. Slow blow fuses will let the current exceed the rating for a fraction of a second, to allow devices like motors to start up.
Other websites
Fuse (electrical) -Citizendium
Electrical wiring
Electronic components
Spiritual Kung Fu

Spiritual Kung-Fu () (Quan Jing) is a 1978 Hong Kong Taiwanese action movie directed by Lo Wei and starring Jackie Chan, Kao Kuang, Dean Shek, James Tien, Yee Fat, Yuen Biao.
Other websites
1978 action movies
Hong Kong movies
Taiwanese movies
Golden Harvest movies
The Irish Times

The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper. It was launched on 29 March 1859. The editor has been Paul O'Neill since 2017, and the deputy editor is Deirdre Veldon. The Irish Times is published each day of the week except Sunday.
References
Other websites
1859 establishments
Newspapers in Europe
Companies of Ireland
Tigray Region

The Tigray Region is a region in Ethiopia. The capital city is Mekelle. Tigray is the homeland of the Tigrayan, Irob and Kunama peoples. The main language is Tigrinya.
Tigray has 1 international airport and 4 commercial airports. The international airport is Alula Aba Nega Airport. The 4 commercial airports are Shire Airport, Humera Airport, Dansha Airport, and Axum Atse Yohannes 4th Airport.
Geography
Major mountains
Ferrah Imba, 3939 metres, summit of the Tsibet massif in Endamekoni woreda (), and highest peak of Tigray
Imba Alaje, 3438 metres, in Alaje woreda ()
Mugulat, 3263 metres, in Ganta Afeshum woreda (); one of its spurs is crossed by the Siqurto foot tunnel
Upper plateaus of the Atsbi Horst at 3057 metres in Atsbi Wenberta woreda ()
Imba Tsion, 2917 metres, in Hawzen woreda ()
Ekli Imba, 2799 metres, summit of the Arebay massif in Degua Tembien woreda ()
Imba Aradom, 2756 metres, in Hintalo Wajirat woreda ()
Soloda, 2436 metres, part of the Adwa plugs in Adwa woreda ()
Imba Neway, 2388 metres, in Abergele (woreda)()
Administrative zones
Like other Regions in Ethiopia, Tigray is divided into administrative zones:
Central Tigray
East Tigray
North West Tigray
South Tigray
South East Tigray
West Tigray
Mekelle (special zone)
Culture
Every August, people from Tigray State celebrate Ashenda. This is a girls' festival of song and dance.
References
Regions of Ethiopia
Date rape drug

A date rape drug is a drug that is used to make a person unable to consent to sex. This makes that person likely to be a victim of rape or sexual assault.
Date rape drugs include GHB, Rohypnol, alcohol and MDMA. Another is methaqualone, also known as Quaalude.
References
Rape
Drugs
Jim Vance

James Howard "Jim" Vance III (January 10, 1942 - July 22, 2017) was an American television news anchor in Washington, D.C..
In 1972, Vance became WRC-TV's main co-anchor, as one of the first African Americans to serve in this position at any American television station. Between 1972 and 1976, Vance worked as co-anchor with Glenn Rinker at WRC-TV. Between 1976 and 1980, Vance co-anchored with Sue Simmons, a pairing that resulted in one of the first, if not the first, African-American co-anchors of a major market newscast.
Vance died on July 22, 2017 in Washington, D.C. following a short battle with non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the age of 75. At the time of his death, Vance was the region's longest-serving television news anchor with more than 45 years at WRC-TV.
References
1942 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
American television news anchors
American journalists
Writers from Pennsylvania
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Bagnères-de-Bigorre

Bagneres-de-Bigorre () is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrenees department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the Occitanie region, southwestern France.
Name of the city
In the Middle Ages, the city had the name Aquae Convenarum or Vicus Aquensis ("City of the Waters"). The current name is formed from the Occitan Banheras ("baths") and the name of the region, Bigorre.
Geography
Bagneres-de-Bigorre is in the Bigorre region, in the Pyrenees foothills; the commune is where the valley of the Adour is in contact with the Campan valley.
It has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
Climate
The climate of Bagneres-de-Bigorre, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Bagneres-de-Bigorre are known, in French, as Bagnerais (women: Bagneraises).
Bagneres-de-Bigorre has a population, in 2014, of 7,602, and its population density is of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Bagneres-de-Bigorre
Administration
Bagneres-de-Bigorre is a subprefecture of the Hautes-Pyrenees department since 1790. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Bagneres-de-Bigorre and the administrative centre () of the canton La Haute-Bigorre with 14 communes and 15,242 inhabitants in 2014.
It is part of the intercommunality Haute-Bigorre ().
Sister cities
Bagneres-de-Bigorre is twinned with:
Alhama de Granada, Spain
Granarolo dell'Emilia, Italy
Tutzing, Germany
Inverurie, Scotland
Related pages
Arrondissement of Bagneres-de-Bigorre
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrenees department
References
Other websites
City Council website
Office de Tourisme - Bagneres-de-Bigorre - La Mongie
Le Musee du Marbre
Subprefectures in France
Communes in Hautes-Pyrenees
Nicolae Rainea

Nicolae Rainea (19 November 1933 - 1 April 2015), nicknamed The Locomotive of the Carpathians, was a Romanian football referee. He refereed at three FIFA World Cups (1974, 1978, 1982), the UEFA Euro 1980 Final, the 1983 European Cup Final, the second leg of the 1978 European Super Cup and the second leg of the 1978 UEFA Cup Final.
After an untreated mild cold turned into a pulmonary edema, Rainea suffered a cardiac arrest while in hospital. He died on 1 April 2015 in Bucharest. He was 81 years old.
References
1933 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from pulmonary edema
Romanian footballers
Football referees
Günter Rittner

Gunter Rittner (11 March 192723 November 2020) was a German painter and illustrator. He was one of the best known German portrayers. He was known for his official portrait of German Chancellors Ludwig Erhard, Kurt Georg Kiesinger and Helmut Schmidt. Many of his works are found at the Bundeskanzleramt in Berlin.
Rittner was born in Breslau, Germany. He lived in Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands. Rittner died at his home in Munich on 23 November 2020 at the age of 93.
References
1927 births
2020 deaths
German painters
German illustrators
People from Munich
Iriomote cat

The Iriomote cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) is a wildcat that lives only on Iriomote Island in Japan. It is a subspecies of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis). In Japanese, people call it yamaneko, or "mountain cat."
This cat is a little larger than a domestic cat, with rounder ears and spots where a tabby cat would have stripes.
These cats live in forests and on hills with streams. They have been seen on beaches. They can climb trees and swim. There are almost no small mammals on Iriomote Island, so the cats cannot eat mice or other rodents the way wildcats in other places do. They eat many different kinds of things, for example insects, lizards, fish, and shrimp.
The females give birth to 1-4 kittens at a time in dens in trees or in crevices in rocks. People have seen kittens as young as three months living on their own. Scientists think it takes 10-12 months for them to become adults.
Ecologist Masako Izawa of the University of the Ryukyus in Okinawa said she thinks there are fewer than 1000 Iromote cats in the wild. There may be only 100. This cat is endangered because of habitat loss, meaning that human beings build things in the places where they live. Some cats are hit by cars when they come to the road to eat dead frogs, dead lizards, and other animals that have been killed by cars. They are also endangered because domestic cats mate with them. Veterinarians have taught people on Iriomote Island to spay and neuter their pet cats to prevent this, the local government has tried to stop people from driving too fast and the government of Japan has made part of Iriomote Island a wildlife protection area.
For a time in the 1970s, the people who lived on Iriomote Island said the government of Japan thought the cats were more important than they were. One German scientist had asked the government of Japan to make all the human beings leave the island to protect the cat. Other scientists showed, however, that the cat can live next to humans and is not afraid to look for food near farms and rice paddies. In 2019, many Iriomote islanders said they were proud of their rare wildcat, though they worried that too many tourists would come to their island and damage it.
References
Mammals of Japan
Cats
Emily Dole

Emily Dole (September 28, 1957 - January 2, 2018) was a Samoan-American athlete, actress and professional wrestler who competed in the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling as Mountain Fiji, abbreviated in publications and her official logo as Mt. Fiji.
At 350 pounds, she dwarfed all of the other members of the cast, the closest competitor being the glamazon queen Matilda the Hun, who she feuded with for the first two seasons. Wrestling led to other appearances, on the short lived Hard Time on Planet Earth, on the Carol Burnett Show spin-off Mama's Family and in the Pauly Shore romp, Son in Law.
Dole was interviewed and featured in the 2012 documentary film GLOW: The Story of the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.
Dole died in Orange, California on January 2, 2018 from a long-illness at the age of 60.
References
Other websites
Mountain Fiji online biography
1957 births
2018 deaths
American Samoan professional wrestlers
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Orange County, California
Sportspeople from California
American shot putters
Battle of Hastings (disambiguation)

The Battle of Hastings was a battle that took place near Hastings, England, on 14 October 1066.
Battle of Hastings may also refer to:
The Battle of Hastings (album), a 1995 album by Caravan
The Battle of Hastings (play), a 1778 play by Richard Cumberland
Battle of Hastings reenactment, held at Battle Abbey in Battle, East Sussex, UK
La Palma

Las Palmas de Gran Canaria is the capital of the Canary Islands. It is on a different island.
La Palma (Spanish pronunciation: [la 'palma]), also San Miguel de La Palma, is the most north-westerly island of the Canary Islands, Spain. La Palma has an area of making it the fifth largest of the seven main Canary Islands. The total population at the start of 2019 was 82,671, of which 15,716 lived in the capital, Santa Cruz de la Palma, and about 20,467 in Los Llanos de Aridane.
La Palma's highest mountain is the Roque de los Muchachos, at above sea level, being second among the peaks of the Canaries only to the peaks of the Teide massif on Tenerife. La Palma is above the ocean floor.
Like all the other islands of the Canary Islands, La Palma was created by volcanoes on the bottom of the sea, and is the most active volcanic island. In 1815, the German geologist Leopold von Buch visited the Canary Islands. He had been visiting Tenerife, where he visited the Las Canadas caldera, and then later to La Palma, where he visited the Taburiente caldera, that the Spanish word for cauldron or large cooking pot - "caldera" - became a word that geologists use. In the center of the island is the Caldera de Taburiente National Park; one of four national parks in the Canary Islands.
The Cumbre Vieja volcano erupted in 1949, 1971 and 2021.
References
Geography of Spain
Islands of Europe
Janggu

The janggu (jahng goo) is a traditional Korean drum. It has the shape of an hourglass. The drum has two ends. The person playing the drum can either hang it on their neck or put it on the floor. It is played with two sticks.
Drums
Korean music
Dragon Force 2

Dragon Force 2 is a fantasy role-playing video game in the Dragon Force series. It was made and published by Sega for the Sega Saturn in 1998. It was only released in Japan.
It is a sequel to Dragon Force.
References
1998 video games
Sega Saturn games
Role-playing video games
Video games developed in Japan
Liberty, Indiana

Liberty is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,133. It is the county seat of Union County.
References
Towns in Indiana
County seats in Indiana
Black

In light, black is lack of all color. It is a shade. In painting, however, the black pigment is the combination of all colors. In heraldry, black is called "sable". It is the opposite of white.
Origin of black
The word "black" comes from Old English blaec ("black, dark", also, "ink"), from Proto-Germanic *blakkaz ("burned"), and from Proto-Indo-European *bhleg-. Black is the darkest color/tone on a scale.
Black in science
In science, an object that is black absorbs the light that hits it. Because these objects do not reflect any light, the human eye can't see any color coming from that object. The brain then sees these objects as black.
A way to create black objects is to mix pigments. A pigment works by reflecting only the color of the pigment. For example, a blue pigment absorbs all colors except blue. By mixing pigments in the right quantities, black can be made.
In sunlight, black objects become quickly warm because they absorb much light.
Meaning of black
Black is associated with power, elegance, formality, safety, birth, male, and mystery. Black is a dark color, the darkest color there is. Black, along with gray and white, is a neutral color. This means that it is not a hot color or a cool color.
Black is a color seen with fear and the unknown (black holes). It can have a bad meaning (blackbird, black bunny) or a good meaning ('in the black', 'black is beautiful'). Black can stand for strength and power. It can be a formal, elegant, and high-class color (black tie, black Mercedes, black man). Black clothing is dark in emo and goth subculture.
Related pages
List of colors
Blackbody radiation
Black people
Basic English 850 words
Wylie Gibbs

Wylie Talbot Gibbs (born 26 July 1922) is an Australian politician and surgeon. He is a member of the Liberal Party. He served as a member of the House of Representatives for the Division of Bowman from 1963 to 1969.
Gibbs grew up in Ipswich, Queensland. His brother, Harry, was Chief Justice of Australia from 1981 to 1987. From 1947 until her death in 2015, he was married to Audrey Wald. The couple had eight children.
References
1922 births
Living people
Australian medical doctors
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Politicians from Queensland
Chittani Ramachandra Hegde

Chittani Ramachandra Hegde (1 January 1933 - 3 October 2017) was an Indian artist. He was one of the most popular Yakshagana artiste from Honnavara, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka (his birthplace). He was awarded with Padma Shri award in 2012. His career lasted until his death in 2017. Hegde was the first artist performing Yakshagana, to receive Padmashri award and he dedicated the award to "Yakshagana".
Hegde died of a stroke complicated by pneumonia at a hospital in Mumbai, India on 3 October 2017 at the age of 84.
References
1933 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from pneumonia
Indian artists
Indian dancers
Belvoir, Doubs

Belvoir is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
UNKLE

UNKLE (also written as Unkle and U.N.K.L.E.) is a British musical band founded in 1994 by school friends James Lavelle and Tim Goldsworthy. Originally in the trip-hop business, the group once included producer DJ Shadow and has used a variety of guest artists and producers.
References
Trip hop groups
Quena

The quena, also written as "kena" in English, is the traditional flute of Peru and the Andes. Made of bamboo, it has six finger holes and one thumb hole and is open on both ends. To make a sound, the player closes the top end of the pipe with the flesh between the chin and lower lip, and blows a stream of air downward, over a notch cut into the end. It is normally in the key of G major. G is the lowest note when all the holes are covered. It produces a very breathy or airy tone.
The quenacho (also "kenacho" in English) is a bigger, lower sounding type of quena and made the same way. It is in the key of D major, a fourth lower than the quena. In most of Andes' towns "vamos a ir a la quena" (we will go to the quena) was used to threaten little children, because the quena was made of bamboo, a hard material.
Quena is mostly used in traditional Andean music. In the 1960s and 1970s the quena was used by several Nueva Cancion musicians. Some groups such as Illapu have used it regularly. In the 1980s and 1990s some post-Nueva Cancion rock groups have also used the quena in some of their songs; notably Soda Stereo in Cuando Pase el Temblor and Los Enanitos Verdes in Lamento Boliviano. The quena is also relatively common in World music.
Other flutes
Other Andean flutes include
The pinquillo, also called pinkuyo or pinkiyo, has the same fingering as the quena. It looks and works the same way as a recorder. It has an air channel, or fipple, to conduct the air;
The tarka, or tharqa, also like a recorder but it is shorter and quite angular in shape. It needs more breath, and has a darker, more penetrating sound;
The moseno, or mohoseno, is a long, two tubed bamboo flute with a deep sound. The extra tube acts as an aeroduct.
Related pages
Native American flute
References
Other websites
Quena Music
Modern Quena models
How to select a quena
The sound of the quena Los Koyas
Quenacho Music Iain Kelso
Flutes
South American culture
World music
Halogen

The halogens are chemical elements under the second-to-right column in the periodic table, also known as Group 17. The elements in the group are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, and tennessine. Halogen literally means "salt becomer", but it is often said to mean "salt producer". They are very reactive, so they are likely to join with other elements on the left side of the periodic table to make compounds. This is because they are missing one electron. They are rarely found alone in nature. Fluorine is the most reactive, while iodine is the least reactive. Astatine is very radioactive and hard to get.
Halogens
Tammy Baldwin

Tammy Suzanne Green Baldwin (born Tammy Suzanne Green Baldwin; February 11, 1962) is the junior United States Senator from Wisconsin and a member of the Democratic Party. She previously served as the U.S. Representative from Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district from 1999 to 2013, as well as serving three terms in the Wisconsin Assembly representing the 78th district.
Baldwin was born on February 11, 1962 in Madison, Wisconsin. She is of Russian-German descent. Baldwin studied at Smith College and at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. She is the first woman elected to represent Wisconsin in the Senate, and the first openly gay U.S. Senator in history.
References
Other websites
Senator Tammy Baldwin official U.S. Senate site
Tammy Baldwin for Senate official campaign site
Profile at the Democratic Party of Wisconsin
Tammy Baldwin, Wisconsin Historical Society
1962 births
Living people
Lesbians
LGBT people from Wisconsin
LGBT politicians
Politicians from Madison, Wisconsin
United States representatives from Wisconsin
United States senators from Wisconsin
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Isleham

Isleham is a small village and civil parish in the English county of Cambridgeshire.
Other websites
2001 Census
Isleham Village Website
The Rising Sun Isleham Website
Isleham FC Website
Civil parishes in Cambridgeshire
Villages in Cambridgeshire
Barbican Arts Centre

The Barbican Arts Centre is a large performing arts centre on the northern edge of the City of London. It is in the modern Barbican estate, near the Barbican Tube station.
Concert halls in London
Stonehouse, South Lanarkshire

Stonehouse is a small rural village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is on Avon Water in an area of natural beauty and historical interest, near to the Clyde Valley.
Towns in South Lanarkshire
Lempster, New Hampshire

Lempster is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States.
Towns in New Hampshire
Lorentz factor

The Lorentz factor is the factor by which time, length, and mass change for an object moving at speeds close to the speed of light (relativistic speeds). It is named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz.
The equation is:
where v is the speed of the object and c is the speed of light. The quantity (v/c) is often labeled (beta) and so the above equation can be rewritten:
Classical relativity
Classical or Galilean relativity is the idea that if you throw a ball at 50 mph while running at 5 mph, the ball travels 55 mph. Of course, the ball still moves away from you at 50 mph, so if one were to ask you, you saw the ball traveling 50 mph. Meanwhile, your friend Rory saw that you happened to be running at 5 mph. He would say that the ball was traveling 55 mph. Both of you are right, you just happened to be moving with the ball.
The speed of light, c, is 670,616,629 mph. So if you are in a car traveling half the speed of light (0.5c) and you turn on your headlights, the light moves away from you at 1 c... or is it 1.5 c? It ends up that c is c no matter what. The next section explains why it's not c - 0.5c.
Time dilation
When a clock is in motion, it ticks slower by a tiny factor of . The famous twin paradox says that if there were two twins and twin A stayed on earth while twin B traveled near c for a few years, when twin B got back to earth, he would be many years younger than twin A (because he experienced less time). For example, if twin B left when he was 20 and traveled at .9c for 10 years, then when he got back to earth, twin B would be 30 (20 years + 10 years) and twin A would be almost 43:
Twin B would not notice that time had slowed at all. To him, if he looked out a window, it would seem like the universe was moving past him, and therefore slower (remember, to him, he's at rest). So time is relative.
Length contraction
Things get shorter in the direction of movement when they travel at "relativistic speeds", which means fast enough that relativity effects can be observed. During twin B's journey, he would notice something strange about the universe. He would notice that it got shorter (contracted in the direction of his motion). And the factor by which things get shorter is .
Relativistic mass
Relativistic mass also increases. It makes them harder to push. So by the time you reach 0.9999c, you need a very big force to make you go faster. This makes it impossible for anything to reach the speed of light.
Still, if you travel a bit slower, say 90% of the speed of light, your mass only grows by 2.3 times. So, while it may be impossible to reach the speed of light, it may still be possible to get close to it--that is, if you have enough fuel.
Relativity
Blister beetle

The blister beetle is a beetle of the family Meloidae. They secrete cantharidin, a chemical that causes blisters. About 7,500 species are known worldwide. They are poisonous to predators.
Blister beetles go through several larval stages. The larvae mainly attack bees. They also eat grasshopper eggs.
Blister beetles are attracted to alfalfa and weeds during bloom.
Polyphaga
Thylacinus potens

Thylacinus potens ("powerful thylacine") was one of the largest species from the family Thylacinidae, growing up to the size of a wolf. In some ways it was more robust and had a shorter, broader skull than the modern Thylacine. The head and body together were around 5 ft long. The fossils were found near Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia.
Dasyuromorphia
Marsupials of Australia
Gene Clark

Harold Eugene "Gene" Clark (November 17, 1944 - May 24, 1991) was an American singer and songwriter. He started the folk rock band The Byrds in 1964. He wrote lots of The Byrds' most well known songs. They were very popular. In 1967 he released his first solo album, Gene Clark with the Gosdin Brothers. It was not successful. However he went on to make several more solo albums.
Early life
Gene Clark was born in Tipton, Missouri. He was the third of thirteen children. He started writing songs when he was 11.,
Career
In 1964 Clark started The Byrds with Jim McGuinn and David Crosby. Clark was the singer. Clark released his first album with The Byrds, Mr Tambourine Man, in 1965. In 1966 Clark left the band. He joined the band again in 1967. He left after three weeks. In 1968 Clark released his first album with Doug Dillard, The Fantastic Expedition of Dillard & Clark. Dillard & Clark released their second album, Through the Morning, Through the Night in 1969. In 1974 Clark's fourth album No Other was released. It got bad reviews. Clark released an album with Carla Onson in 1987 called So Rebellious a Lover. It was his last studio album.
Death
Clark died on May 24, 1991. He was 46. He died because of a bleeding ulcer that he had.
References
1944 births
1991 deaths
American singer-songwriters
Mikulov

Mikulov () is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. About 7,400 people live there.
The town is about northwest of Breclav, on the border with Austria. It borders the Austrian municipality of Drasenhofen.
References
Other websites
Official website
Towns in the Czech Republic
South Moravian Region
Blood draw

Blood draw is when blood gets taken from a vein using a hypodermic needle. It is stored in special blood bottles. These bottles are called vacutainers. There is usually a liquid or mist in the bottle that moves blood inside it.
Related pages
Blood donation
Blood
Medical procedures
Dr. Phil (TV series)

Dr. Phil is an American talk show hosted by Phil McGraw. It debuted on September 16, 2002, after McGraw had success with the "Tuesdays With Dr. Phil" segment on The Oprah Winfrey Show. On both shows McGraw offers advice in the form of "life strategies" from his experience as a clinical psychologist. Dr Phil order his shows January 4 2001
The show is in syndication throughout the United States and Canada, as well as a number of other countries. Also, the show's syndication contracts specifically state that if Dr. Phil is on another station, it cannot air at the same time as Oprah. Dr Phil anncoued his shows In January 2001 to order the first episode in early 2001 with Lea Michele for his shows to exercise.
The sixth season premiered on September 10, 2007.
It was announced on August 3, 2005 that Dr. Phil had been renewed through at least 2012-2013, lasting through the 11th season.
In 2007, [[Dr. Phil]] was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Talk Show Host".
2002 American television series debuts
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American television talk shows
First run syndicated television programs
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Des Moines, Iowa

Des Moines is a city in Iowa. It is the capital city of Iowa. The city had a population of 203,433 in the 2010 United States Census. It is the home of the Des Moines Art Center, a regional art museum, and the Pappajohn Sculpture Park, an outdoor sculpture garden.
References
County seats in Iowa
State capitals in the United States
Peru national football team

Peru national football team is the national football team of Peru.
References
South American national football teams
Football in Peru
1930 establishments in South America
20th-century establishments in Peru
Organizations based in Peru
Ugo Province

is an old province of Japan in the area of Akita Prefecture on the island of Honshu. and some parts of Yamagata Prefecture. Along with Uzen Province, it was sometimes called . The history of the province started in 1868 and ended in 1872.
History
During the Edo period and early Meiji period, the Satake clan were daimyo in the area.
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Ugo Province were reformed in the 1870s.
Related pages
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
References
Other websites
Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Former provinces of Japan
Akita Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture
Jerry Nelson

Jerry L. Nelson (July 10, 1934 - August 23, 2012) was an American puppeteer. He was best known for his work with The Muppets. He was known for his wide range of characters and singing abilities. He performed Muppet characters on Sesame Street, The Muppet Show, Fraggle Rock, and various Muppet movies and specials.
Nelson was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He worked as a puppeteer from 1965 until 2011. He died on August 23, 2012 from complications of prostate cancer in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Nelson also suffered emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He was 78 years old.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2012 deaths
Cancer deaths in Massachusetts
Deaths from emphysema
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from COPD
American voice actors
American television actors
Muppets
American puppeteers
Actors from Oklahoma