pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Social Democrat Hunchakian Party

The Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (SDHP) (), also known as Hentchak is one of the oldest political parties in Armenia and the first Socialist party in the Ottoman Empire and in Persia in the 1880s. It was founded in 1887 by Avetis Nazarbekian, Mariam Vardanian, Ruben Khan-Azat and others, who studied in Geneva, Switzerland, with the goal to gain Armenia's independence from the Ottoman Empire, which is part of Armenian national liberation movement. Its name, taken from its newspaper Hunchak, means "Bell" in English, and is taken by party members to represent "awakening, enlightenment, and freedom."
History
All of the 7 founders of Hunchakian party were Russian-Armenian Marxist students who had left Russia to continue their higher education in universities of Western Europe. They were young persons, in their twenties, and were from well-to-do bourgeois families who were financially supporting them. For the purpose of furthering revolutionary activity in Turkish Armenia, they formed the Hunchakian Revolutionary Party in August, 1887.
Hunchak party fought many battles against the Ottoman Empire, to free the Armenian people from Turkish rule. One of Armenia's famous national heroes Andranik Ozanian, at first, joined the Hunchak party, but disagreement with party policies led Andranik to leave the Hunchak ranks and join the Dashnak party.
Democratic Republic of Armenia
The party also played role in establishment of Democratic Republic of Armenia, as party members took part in the Battle of Sardarapat, during the World War I at Caucasus Campaign, which defended the Armenian capital of Yerevan from Army of Islam of Ottoman Empire.
Activities in Lebanon
In the 1950s, it clashed, sometimes violently, with the Dashnak Party, due to tensions that escalated when the ARF elected Bishop Zareh as Catholicos of Cilicia, a move that was rejected by the Hunchaks. In the midst of increasing sectarian strife in the late 1960s and early 1970s, however, Lebanon's Armenian community began to close ranks, and in 1972, the Hunchakian Party ran a joint ticket with the Dashnaks. In 2000, the Hunchakian Party joined forces with Rafik Hariri's Dignity party, which swept the city of Beirut.
Modern
In the early 1990s, the party took part in the Nagorno Karabakh conflict. The party today forms part of the opposition "Justice" bloc.
This party is also active in Lebanon, where it competes for the six National Assembly seats reserved for ethnic Armenians. The party subscribes to a socialist ideology and advocates a planned economy for Lebanon.
Affiliate organizations
The Hunchakian party has established affiliate organizations such as the AEBU which is an organization that helps with educational, health and social care, the Armenian Dkhrouhi Youth Association and HMM (Homenmen) which is a sporting organization (not to be confused with Homenetmen).
Related pages
Armenian Revolutionary Federation
Other websites
Party's Official Web Site
References
"The 89-th commemoration of the 20 Hunchakian martyrs" / Tchahagir Weekly, Cairo, 17 June, 2004, p. 1
Political parties in Armenia
1887 establishments
Establishments in Armenia
John Byron (died 1567)

Sir John Byron MP (1488-1567) was an English nobleman, politician, and knight of the Tudor era, He was Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire in 1529.
He was the son and heir of Sir Nicolas Byron, who was knighted by Prince Arthur in 1502.
Sir John lived at Colwick in Nottinghamshire, before being granted Newstead Abbey in the same county by Henry VIII of England on 26 May 1540. He was appointed Lieutenant of Sherwood Forest. He was also Steward of Manchester and Rochdale. He was a trusted adviser to Henry VIII, and was at court most of his life. He started work on Newstead, making it into a home for his family.
He was appointed Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire for 1523-24, 1527-28, 1542-43 and 1551-52. He was Custos Rotulorum of Nottinghamshire by 1562.
Family
He married twice: firstly Isabel Lenington, by whom he had no issue and secondly Elizabeth Costerdine, the daughter of William Costerdine of Lancashire, and also the widow of George Halgh of Halgh, Lancashire, with whom he had a son, Sir John Byron (died 1600), who was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England and his great-grandson became the first Baron Byron.
Sources
Ancestry
References
1488 births
1567 deaths
Politicians from Nottinghamshire
Byron family
English knights
People from Nottinghamshire
1648

1648 was a leap year.
Events
January/October: The Thirty Years' War ended with the Peace of Westphalia.
October 24 - Switzerland is recognized as an independent country by the other countries of Europe.
Saint-Barthelemy was claimed by France.
The Eighty Years' War between the Netherlands and Spain ended.
Deaths
March 12 - Tirso de Molina, Spanish dramatist and poet (b. 1571)
Providence, Alabama

Providence is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Towns in Alabama
Tuncay Şanlı

Tuncay Sanli (born 16 January 1982) is a former Turkish football player. He has played for Turkey national team.
Club career statistics
References
1982 births
Living people
Turkish footballers
Nusrat Bhutto

Begum Nusrat Bhutto (, , March 23, 1929 - October 23, 2011) was an Iranian-Pakistani who was the former First Lady of Pakistan and widow of former Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. She became her husband's successor as the chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from 1979 to 1983. The couple had four children: PPP chairman and the first and only female Pakistani Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007), Murtaza Bhutto (1954-1996), Sanam Bhutto (born 1957) and Shahnawaz Bhutto (1958-1985). She died on October 23, 2011.
References
People from Karachi
1929 births
2011 deaths
Roozbeh Azar

Roozbeh Azar (born September 20, 1980) is an Iranian singer.
Awards
Two performances in Embassy of Spain in Tehran;
performance in Embassy of Brazil in Tehran;
Guitar maestro in Nima Symphonic Orchestra;
A member of jury for a music festival in Khorasan Province in 2002;
A member of jury in the first youth music festival in Southern Khorasan Province in 2005;
First album selected as top 5 in "beep tunes" website in 2014;
A member of jury in the Institutional performances in Mashhad Province in 2016.
References
Other Website
Living people
1980 births
Iranian singers
Coastal–Karst Statistical Region

The Coastal-Karst Statistical Region (, ) is a statistical region in Slovenia.
Municipalities
The Coastal-Karst Statistical Region has 8 municipalities:
Ankaran
Divaca
Hrpelje-Kozina
Izola
Komen
Koper
Piran
Sezana
Statistical regions of Slovenia
Mamma Mia (ABBA song)

"Mamma Mia" is a song by the Swedish pop group ABBA. The song comes off the group's third studio album ABBA.
The song was released in September 1975. In Australia, Germany, Ireland and Switzerland, the song hit #1.
In 1999, the A-Teens covered "Mamma Mia". It was later covered in 2008 by the actress Meryl Streep.
References
Pop songs
ABBA songs
1975 songs
Jocelyn Burdick

Jocelyn Birch Burdick (February 6, 1922 - December 26, 2019) was an American politician. She was the Senator of North Dakota from September 1992 through December 1992 for the Democratic Party.
Burdick was born on February 6, 1922 in Fargo, North Dakota. She studied at Principia College and at Northwestern University. Burdick was married to Quentin N. Burdick from 1960 until his death in 1992.
After the death of Fritz Hollings in April 2019, Burdick became the oldest living former United States Senator. She died eight months later on December 26, 2019 in Fargo at the age of 97.
References
1922 births
2019 deaths
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
United States senators from North Dakota
People from Fargo, North Dakota
List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)

The state of Georgia is divided into 159 counties.
Georgia has the second largest number of counties of any state in the United States. The state of Texas has 254 counties (see List of counties in Texas). The last new county in Georgia was Peach County, formed in 1924.
Counties listing
|}
References
Georgia, counties in
county
Fon language

Fon is part of the Gbe language cluster. Fon is spoken mainly in Benin. There are about 1.7 million speakers. Like the other Gbe languages, Fon has a subject-verb-object word order.
References
Languages of Benin
Niger-Congo languages
Anjoutey

Anjoutey is a commune. It is found in the region Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in the northeast of France.
References
Communes in Territoire de Belfort
Noguera (comarca)

Noguera (, ) is a comarca (county) in the Province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It is the largest comarca and its area represents some 5,56% of Catalonia. Its capital is Balaguer.
Municipalities
Populations are for 2001.
Ager - pop. 497
Albesa - pop. 1,523
Algerri - pop. 507
Alos de Balaguer - pop. 167
Artesa de Segre - pop. 3,413
Les Avellanes i Santa Linya - pop. 475
Balaguer - pop. 14,068
La Baronia de Rialb - pop. 285
Bellcaire d'Urgell - pop. 1,215
Bellmunt d'Urgell - pop. 232
Cabanabona - pop. 96
Camarasa - pop. 886
Castello de Farfanya - pop. 570
Cubells - pop. 381
Foradada - pop. 209
Ivars de Noguera - pop. 340
Menarguens - pop. 830
Montgai - pop. 819
Oliola - pop. 283
Os de Balaguer - pop. 822
Penelles - pop. 538
Ponts - pop. 2366
Preixens - pop. 522
La Sentiu de Sio - pop. 469
Tiurana - pop. 30
Torrelameu - pop. 578
Termens - pop. 1,394
Vallfogona de Balaguer - pop. 1,511
Vilanova de Meia - pop. 423
Vilanova de l'Aguda - pop. 256
Other websites
Official comarcal web site
Statistics from the Institut d'Estadistica de Catalunya
Catalonia
Valencia Cathedral

The Cathedral of Valencia (Metropolitan Basilica Cathedral) is dedicated to Saint Mary. The church was started in 1238 by the first bishop of Valencia Pere d'Albalat. It was built on a mosque. The mosque had been built where the former Visigothic cathedral had stood. A Mediterranean version of Gothic architecture is the main style of this cathedral. The cathedral also contains Romanesque, French Gothic, Renaissance art, Baroque and neoclassical elements.
There are several chalices that are claimed to be the Holy Grail spread over the world. One of them is in a chapel of the Cathedral. Several Christian historians claim that the one in the chapel is most likely the authentic cup used at the Last Supper. It was the official papal chalice for many popes, and has been used by many others, most recently by Pope Benedict XVI, on July 9, 2006. This chalice dates from the 1st century. It was given to the cathedral by king Alfons el Magnanim in 1436.
The cathedral also contains examples of some of the earliest and best Quattrocento paintings of the Iberian Peninsula. These were brought from Rome via artists commissioned by the Valencian Pope Alexander VI. Alexander VI made the request to make Valencia the seat of an archbishop when he was still a cardinal. This was granted by Pope Innocent VIII in 1492.
References
Other websites
Official site of Valencia Cathedral
Comunidad Valenciana. The Santa Maria metropolitan basilica cathedral GothicMed. A virtual museum of mediterranean gothic architecture.
http://www.virtourist.com/europe/valencia/05.htm
http://www.planetware.com/valencia/cathedral-e-val-valcat.htm
Tourist Fact-sheet on Valencia Cathedral
Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain
Buildings and structures in Valencia
13th-century buildings and structures
K. Alex Müller

Karl Alexander Muller (20 April 1927 - 9 January 2023) was a Swiss physicist. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987 with Georg Bednorz for their work in superconductivity in ceramic materials. They reported their discovery in the June 1986 issue of Zeitschrift fur Physik B.
Muller joined the Battelle Memorial Institute in Geneva, soon becoming the manager of a magnetic resonance group. During this time, he became a lecturer at the University of Zurich. He died on 9 January 2023 in Zurich, at the age of 95.
References
Other websites
Autobiography posted at the Nobel Prize web site.
Online Encyclopaedia Britannica biographical article.
K. Alex Mueller and Tom W. Kool: "Properties of Perovskites and Other Oxides." World Scientific, 2010.
1927 births
2023 deaths
Swiss physicists
Swiss academics
Swiss Nobel Prize winners
People from Basel
Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey

Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey is a 2000 documentary on the martial artist Bruce Lee. It includes the original footage of his incomplete movie The Game of Death (1972).
With Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Ji Han-jae, Linda Lee Cadwell, Taky Kimura, Ted Hanulak. Directed by John Little and distributed by Warner Home Video.
Special features
Game of Death Redux: Special features of Game of Death (and sequel Game of Death II)
Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey (book)
Little, John. Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey (book). McGraw-Hill.
Related pages
Bruce Lee in G.O.D: Shiboteki Yugi
The Game of Death (1972): Original movie
References
Other websites
The Game of Death
Unfinished movies
Bruce Lee
Punggol LRT Line

The Punggol LRT Line is the third line of the LRT system in Singapore. Its first phase comprises a 10.3 km line with 15 stations.
The Punggol LRT Line serves the residents in the town and urban planning area of Punggol.
Punggol LRT station, the centerpiece of the line, is located directly above the Punggol MRT station, thus linking up the Punggol LRT Line to the MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) system that spans the entire island of Singapore.
History
Plans for the Punggol LRT Line were drawn up and announced in January 1999 with the development of Punggol New Town.
Construction began in June 2000 by a consortium comprising SembCorp Industries, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Mitsubishi Corporation, at a cost of S$354 million. Construction of the first phase was completed in June 2004, and underwent testing by the Land Transport Authority. The system was handed over to SBS Transit on 1 December 2004, who conducted more trial runs and staff training before the opening of the East Loop on 29 January 2005. The West Loop opened on 29 June 2014.
Timeline
29 January 2005: Line opened on East Loop except Oasis and Damai
15 November 2007: Oasis (PE6) Opened.
20 June 2011: Damai (PE7) Opened. East Loop become bidirectional whole day.
29 June 2014: West Loop opened between Nibong (PW5) and Soo Teck (PW7), in unidirectional manner.
29 February 2016: Sam Kee (PW1) opened.
Stations
There are 15 Stations on this line, in the future we will have North Loop (PN) in the future. The 'PE' means Punggol LRT East Loop.
Punggol (PTC/NE17), Interchange with North East Line
East Loop (PE)
Cove (PE1)
Meridian (PE2)
Coral Edge (PE3)
Riviera (PE4)
Kadaloor (PE5)
Oasis (PE6)
Damai (PE7)
West Loop
Sam Kee (PW1)
Teck Lee (PW2), Station Not in Service
Punggol Point (PW3)
Samudera (PW4)
Nibong (PW5)
Sumang (PW6)
Soo Teck (PW7)
Improvements
On 31 October 2012, LTA announced that by 2016, Sengkang and Punggol LRT systems will be upgraded to a two-car system for the 41 existing train cars, allowing double the number of passengers to board at any one time. Each train car can take up to 105 passengers. 16 more train-cars will also be procured. This will bring the total fleet size to 57 train-cars. Hence, there is also the need to modify the signalling and communication system.
Rolling stock
Trains operating on the line are Mitsubishi Crystal Movers (C810) manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. These trains operate from the Sengkang Depot which serves maintenance and train overhaul facilities for trains along the Sengkang and Punggol LRT lines.
Related pages
Light Rail Transit (Singapore)
Bukit Panjang LRT Line
Sengkang LRT Line
References
Light Rail Transit (Singapore)
Marit Paulsen

Marit Eli Paulsen (; 24 November 1939 - 25 July 2022) was a Norwegian-born Swedish journalist, author and politician. She was a member of the Liberals. She was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 to 2004 and from 2009 to 2015. She was a well known supporter of Swedish membership in the European Union during the 1994 referendum campaign. Paulsen was born in Oslo, Norway.
Paulsen died on 25 July 2022 at her farm house in Yttermalung, Sweden at the age of 82.
References
1939 births
2022 deaths
MEPs for Sweden
Politicians from Oslo
Writers from Oslo
Swedish journalists
Norwegian journalists
Barbara Murray

Barbara Ann Murray (27 September 1929 - 20 May 2014) was an English actress. She was known in movies for appearing in Passport to Pimlico (1949), Meet Mr. Lucifer (1953) and The Curse of King Tut's Tomb (1980). On television, she was best known for her role as Lady Pamela Wilder in the 1960s drama series The Plane Makers (and the sequel, The Power Game). She was born in London.
Murray was married to actor John Justin from 1952 until they divorced in 1964. The couple had three daughters.
Murray died from a heart attack in Spain, aged 84. She had been in hospital for an operation to fix her broken hip.
References
Other websites
1929 births
2014 deaths
Actors from London
Deaths from myocardial infarction
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Motiur Rahman Nizami

Motiur Rahman Nizami (Bengali: mtiur rhmaan nijaamii; 31 March 1943 - 11 May 2016) was a Bangladeshi politician, preacher and the former leader of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. He was the Member of Parliament of Pabna constituency from 1991 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2006. He also served as the Bangladeshi Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Industry. He is the third minister of Bangladesh to be hanged.
On 29 October 2014 he was sentenced to death for war crimes in 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. It has been though that he was the supreme commander of the militia group Al-Badr during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
He was hanged at Dhaka Central Jail on 11 May 2016, aged 73.
References
1943 births
2016 deaths
Muslim terrorists
People executed by hanging
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politicians
Bangladeshi Muslims
Silo

A silo is a building that holds silage. Silage is green chopped plants (usually grass or corn stalks) that is kept wet (this is different than hay, which is stored dry). It ferments and can be kept all winter. It makes good food for livestock, particularly dairy cows.
History
The silo is a fairly recent part of the farmyard. It was first widely used in the late 1800's. They are still used today.
Structure
While silage can be stored in many ways, the typical silo is a tall cylinder. It usually has a cone or dome cap on top. There is an opening at the top to put silage in, and doors running down one side to take it out. Originally a farmer would climb the outside of the silo to the top of the silage, go inside, and shovel out the silage. There is typically a chute on the outside, and the silage would fall down the chute, where it could be gathered and fed to the cows. Now there is machinery that does that job.
References
Agricultural buildings
Ikebana

Ikebana (Japanese: Sheng keHua or ikebana) is the Japanese art of making flower arrangements. The word "Ikebana" means " to make alive flowers". People who want to do Ikebana have to learn many things. It is not just about putting flowers in a vase. Japanese flower arrangements often have special meanings.
There are many ways in which Ikebana can be taught. These schools (ways of teaching) include Ikenobo, Sogetsu, Ohara.
Ikenobo is very well known. Until the Mid-Edo Period it was only for upper class people. Ikenobo was started by a Buddhist priest called Ikenobo Senkei in the 15th century. It uses standing flowers (called "rikka"). It is a Buddhist way of showing the beauty of nature. There are 7 branches. Each branch represents something in nature, e.g. a hill, valley, waterfall etc. Later, in the 17th century, it became simpler and was called "shoka". Shoka uses just 3 branches called "ten" (heaven), "chi" (earth) and "jin" (man).
Another form of Ikebana is called cha-bana. It is used in tea ceremony. ikebana is used in homes too.
Today Ikebana is very popular among all classes of people in Japan. 15 million people in Japan practice Ikebana.
Flowers
Japanese art
Tyldesley

Tyldesley is a village in Greater Manchester, England. Tyldesley has a library.
References
Villages in England
Wigan
Birmingham, Iowa

Birmingham is a city in Iowa in the United States. The population was 423 at the 2000 census
References
Cities in Iowa
Sergei Yashin

Sergei Anatolievich Yashin (6 March 1962 - 12 April 2022) was a Russian professional ice hockey left winger. Yashin played in the Soviet Hockey League for HC Dynamo Moscow. He was also a member of the Soviet Union national ice hockey team and played in the 1988 Winter Olympics where he won a gold medal. Yashin was born in Penza, Soviet Union.
Yashin died on 12 April 2022 at the age of 60.
References
1962 births
2022 deaths
Russian ice hockey players
Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Juliet (moon)

Juliet is a closer moon to Uranus. It was found from the images taken by Voyager 2 on 1986-01-03, and was given the designation S/1986 U 2. It is named after the heroine of William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. It is also designated Uranus XI.
Juliet belongs to Portia Group of moons, which also includes Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Portia, Rosalind, Cupid, Belinda and Perdita. These moons have similar orbits and photometric properties. Unfortunately, other than its orbit, radius of 53 km and geometric albedo of 0.08 almost nothing is known about it.
At the Voyager 2 images Juliet appears as a stretched object, the major axis pointing towards Uranus. The ratio of axises of the Juliet's prolate spheroid is 0.5 +- 0.3, which is rather an extreme value. Its surface is grey in color.
References
Other websites
Juliet Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
Uranus' moons
Ridged tree frog

The ridged tree frog (Dryophytes plicatus) is a frog that lives in Mexico. It lives in the Sierra Madre mountains, Cordillera Volcanica, and Mexican Plateau.
References
Frogs of North America
Spiral (2021 movie)

Spiral: From The Book of Saw, or simply Spiral, is a 2021 American horror movie. The movie is the ninth installment in the Saw franchise. It was directed by Darren Lynn Bousman, and written by Josh Stolberg and Peter Goldfinger. The movie stars Chris Rock, Samuel L. Jackson, Max Minghella, and Marisol Nichols.
References
2021 horror movies
American horror movies
Saw movies
Lionsgate movies
Movies directed by Darren Lynn Bousman
Vern Ehlers

Vernon James "Vern" Ehlers (February 6, 1934 - August 15, 2017) was the former U.S. Representative for , having served from 1993 until 2011. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Ehlers was the first research physicist to be elected to Congress; he was later joined by Rush Holt, Jr. (D-NJ) and Bill Foster (D-IL).
Ehlers served on the Kent County Board of Commissioners from 1975 to 1982. Ehlers served from 1983 to 1985 in the Michigan House of Representatives and then served from 1985 to 1993 in the Michigan Senate.
Ehlers died on August 15, 2017 in Grand Rapids, Michigan of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 83.
References
Other websites
Vern Ehlers for U.S. Congress official campaign site
1934 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Michigan
United States representatives from Michigan
American physicists
Politicians from Minnesota
Scientists from Michigan
Politicians from Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Social Liberal Party (Brazil)

The Social Liberal Party (; often abbreviated as PSL) is a right-wing conservative party in Brazil. Until 2018, the main ideology followed by the party was social-liberalism, however, with the membership of the controversial congressman Jair Bolsonaro, the party shifted its political positions to more right-wing and conservative-oriented ones, namely economic liberalism, liberalism, monarchism and anti-communism.
The party was founded on October 30, 1994. Its current president is Luciano Bivar.
In the 2018 Presidential elections in Brazil, the party won through Jair Bolsonaro, defeating far-left rival Fernando Haddad, a member of the Workers' Party, thus making Bolsonaro the President-elected of Brazil. He received more support from Evangelical Christians, the middle-class, farmers, as well as from people in South Brazil.
References
Other websites
Official PSL website (in Portuguese)
1990s establishments in Brazil
1994 establishments
Conservative parties
Nationalist organizations
Political parties of Brazil
Communism
Mary Lee Woods

Mary Lee Woods (12 March 1924 - 29 November 2017) was an English mathematician and computer programmer. She worked in a team that developed programs in the School of Computer Science, University of Manchester Mark 1, Ferranti Mark 1 and Mark 1 Star computers.
She met and married Conway Berners-Lee while working at Ferranti. Sir Tim Berners-Lee is one of their children.
She died on 29 November 2017 at the age of 93.
References
1924 births
2017 deaths
English mathematicians
English computer scientists
People from Birmingham
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Academics of the University of Manchester
Ochlenberg

Ochlenberg is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Bern
Subprefectures of Japan

are a Japanese form of self-government which focuses on local issues below the prefectural level.
Each subprefecture is part of the greater administration of the prefecture and the national state. It is also as part of a self-government system.
History
Subprefectures were given a definite form in 1878 (Meiji 11).
The Meiji government established the as an administrative unit.
In 1888 (Meiji 21''), the sub-prefecture as a form of self-government was officially recognized as more general than civic corporations like cities, towns and villages.
Some prefectures of Japan include subprefectures. The subprefecture is the jurisdiction surrounding a "branch office" of the prefectural government.
Current subprefectures
Hokkaido, 14 subprefectures
Kagoshima, 2 subprefectures
Miyazaki, 1 subprefecture
Tokyo, 4 subprefectures
Shimane, 1 subprefecture
Yamagata, 4 subprefectures
Former subprefectures
Hyogo, 10 subprefectures
Chiba, 5 subprefectures
Nagasaki, 3 subprefectures
Okinawa, 2 subprefectures
Related pages
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
Municipalities of Japan
References
Hong Kong International Airport

Hong Kong International Airport (IATA airport code: HKG; ICAO airport code: VHHH), also known as Chek Lap Kok Airport is the airport of Hong Kong that was built at Chek Lap Kok on Lantau Island. It opened in 1998. It is one of the leading airports in the world, and has won "World Airport of the Year" from Skytrax for 7 times in 10 years. It is the hub for Cathay Pacific, Hong Kong Airlines, Hong Kong Express and Air Hong Kong. It is the third busiest airport in terms of international passenger traffic in the world, and the busiest in the world in terms of cargo traffic. Until the 2020s when Hong Kong missed feeling like it was in the 18th Century.
The airport has an advanced highway and railway system linking it to the city centre of Hong Kong. The building project was one of the largest in the world, and featured in Discovery Channel's "Ten Greatest Modern Projects of the World". It was designed by the famous architect, Norman Foster. The aim of the airport was to increase traffic and capacity which the old Kai Tak Airport could not handle. It remains one of the best airport in the world, along with Singapore's Changi Airport and Seoul's Incheon International Airport.
References
Buildings and structures in Hong Kong
Transport in Hong Kong
Richie Benaud

Richard "Richie" Benaud OBE (; 6 October 1930 - 10 April 2015) was an Australian cricketer. After his retirement from international cricket in 1964, he became a well-known commentator on the game.
Early life
Benaud was born in Penrith, New South Wales. His parents were of French descent. He was raised in Sydney. Benaud studied at Parramatta High School.
Career
Benaud was a Test cricket all-rounder. Along with fellow bowling all-rounder Alan Davidson, he helped Australia to be at the top of world cricket in the late 1950s and early 1960s after a slump in the early 1950s. In 1958 he became Australia's Test captain until his retirement in 1964.
Illness and death
In November 2014, Benaud announced that he was diagnosed with skin cancer, aged 84. He died in his sleep on 10 April 2015 in Sydney. Prime Minister of Australia Tony Abbott offered a state funeral for Benaud, but his family rejected the offer.
Books
The Way of Cricket (1961)
A Tale of Two Tests (1962)
Spin Me a Spinner (1963)
The New Champions (1966)
Willow Patterns (1969)
Test Cricket (1982)
World Series Cup Cricket 1981-82 (1982)
The Hottest Summer (1983)
The Ashes 1982-83 (1983)
Benaud on reflection (1984)
The Appeal of Cricket (1995)
Anything But (1998)
My Spin on Cricket (2005)
Over But Not Out (2010)
References
Other websites
HowSTAT! statistical profile on Richie Benaud
1930 births
2015 deaths
Australian cricketers
Cancer deaths in Sydney
Deaths from skin cancer
Australian sports commentators
Sportspeople from Sydney
Writers from Sydney
Mitochondrial Eve

Mitochondrial Eve is a term from genetics and human evolution. It refers to a woman, whose mitochondrial DNA is a parent of all living humans. To put this more exactly, she is the female most recent common ancestor of all humans alive at present.
How this is decided
Rather than use full DNA comparisons, two simpler methods are used:
Y-chromosome DNA
Mitochondrial DNA
This gives haplogroups (a haplogroup is a combination of genes on different chromosomal regions that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together).
The results
According to current research, Mitochondrial Eve lived about 200.000 years ago. Most likely she lived in East Africa, when Homo sapiens sapiens (anatomically modern humans) were developing as a population distinct from other human sub-species.
Mitochondrial Eve lived later than Homo heidelbergensis and the emergence of Homo neanderthalensis, but earlier than the out of Africa migration.
The dating for 'Eve' was a blow to the multiregional hypothesis, and a boost to the hypothesis that modern humans originated relatively recently in Africa and spread from there, replacing more "archaic" human populations such as Neanderthals. As a result, the latter hypothesis became dominant.
References
Genetics
Origin hypotheses of ethnic groups
Humans
Sorbian Americans

Sorbian Americans or Wendish Americans are Americans of Sorb/Wend descent. The largest community of Sorbs in the United States is in Texas, with a population of around 588 Sorbs/Wends.
References
Ethnic groups in the United States
Takéo province

Takeo is a province in Cambodia. The capital is Doun Kaev.
Notable locations include the mountain Phnom Chisor and the temple Phnom Da.
There are 9 districts and 1 municipality:
Angkor Borei
Bati
Bourei Cholsar
Doun Kaev Municipality
Koh Andaet
Kiri Vong
Prey Kabbas
Samraong
Tram Kak
Treang
References
Provinces of Cambodia
1907 establishments in Asia
Establishments in Cambodia
Antonio Nachura

Antonio Eduardo Bermejo Nachura (June 13, 1941 - March 13, 2022) was a Filipino jurist. He was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 2007 until 2011. Nachura had been Solicitor-General of the Philippines.
Nachura died on 13 March 2022, at the age of 80.
References
1941 births
2022 deaths
Filipino politicians
Filipino lawyers
Filipino judges
Grundy County, Illinois

Grundy County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 52,533. Its county seat is Morris.
References
Illinois counties
Lemgo

Lemgo is a city in the Lippe district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with a population of c. 42,000.
References
Other websites
Stadt Lemgo
Lippe Rural District
Ernie

Ernie is an orange Muppet on the television program Sesame Street. Ernie was created and voiced by Jim Henson. Steve Whitmire has voiced Ernie since love. He is Bert's best friend. They live together.
Ernie is the more active and funny kind of guy. He looks like an orange football with horizontal stripes on his shirt. He laughs differently than anyone else and really likes to sing.
Ernie was first seen with Bert in the test episodes of Sesame Street in 1969. His voice at that time was more similar to Rowlf the dog than Kermit the Frog. He had purple and yellow stripes on his shirt and a purple nose instead of the red and blue stripes and red nose he has now. His shirt and nose were changed in the second year of the program. In the third year, his eye focus got better.
Bert is Ernie's and roommate. He is more grumpy, but still likes Ernie.
Sesame Street characters
Muppets
Erkki Pystynen

Erkki Topias Pystynen (born 2 November 1929) is a Finnish politician. He was a member of the National Coalition Party. Pystynen was born in Heinola, Finland. Pystynen was a professor in Tampere University. He was elected to the parliament in 1975 and was the Speaker from 1983 to 1986. He left the Parliament in 1991.
References
1929 births
Living people
Speakers of the Parliament of Finland
Míchel (footballer, born 1963)

Jose Miguel Gonzalez Martin del Campo, known as Michel (; born 23 March 1963), is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a right midfielder, and is a current manager.
He was most noted for his outstanding crossing ability, also contributing with a fair share of goals. During his career he represented mainly Real Madrid - over a decade - achieving great team and individual success.
Michel earned nearly 70 caps for Spain from 1985 to 1992, and appeared for the nation in two World Cups (scoring four goals in the 1990 edition) and one European Championship. He started working as a manager in 2005, famously leading Olympiacos to two Super League Greece accolades.
Career statistics
Club
International goals
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Real Madrid
La Liga: 1985-86, 1986-87, 1987-88, 1988-89, 1989-90, 1994-95
Copa del Rey: 1988-89, 1992-93
Supercopa de Espana: 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993
Copa de la Liga: 1985
UEFA Cup: 1984-85, 1985-86
Copa Iberoamericana: 1994
Manager
Olympiacos
Super League Greece: 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15
Greek Football Cup: 2012-13
Individual
La Liga Spanish Player of the Year: 1986
European Cup top scorer 1987-88
FIFA World Cup Bronze Boot: 1990
Ballon d'Or: 1987 (4th place)
World XI: 1990
Related pages
List of La Liga players (400+ appearances)
List of Real Madrid CF records and statistics
References
Other websites
Stats at Medio Tiempo
1963 births
Living people
Footballers from Madrid
Association football midfielders
1986 FIFA World Cup players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Spanish football managers
Real Madrid Castilla managers
Sevilla FC managers
Malaga CF managers
Getafe CF managers
List of rivers of Sudan

This is a list of streams and rivers in Sudan. They are arranged by where the river drains. There is list by letter at the end of this article.
Flowing into the Mediterranean
Nile
Atbarah River
Mareb River (or Gash River) (only reaches the Atbarah in times of flood)
Tekeze River (or Setit)
Angereb River (or Greater Angereb River)
Blue Nile
Rahad River
Dinder River
White Nile
Adar River (South Sudan)
Yabus River
Bahr el Ghazal
Bahr al-Arab
Adda River
Umbelasha River
Flowing into the Red Sea
Barka River
Flowing into endorheic basins
Libyan Desert
Wadi Howar (remnant of the Yellow Nile, an ancient tributary of the Nile)
Lake Kundi
Ibrah River
List by letter
A to M
Adda River, Sudan - Angereb River - Atbarah River
Bahr al-Arab - Barka River
Dinder River
Geni River
Ibrah River
Mareb River (Gash River)
N to Z
Nile River
Rahad River
Tekeze River - Tiwal River
Umbelasha River
Wadi Howar - White Nile
Yabus River
Related pages
List of rivers of South Sudan
References
Sudan
Sudan
Geography of Sudan
Argument from false premises

An argument from false premises is a line of reasoning which can lead to wrong results. A false premise is an untrue proposition that forms part of the basis of a logical syllogism. Since the premise (assumption) is not correct, the conclusion drawn may also be wrong.
However, it should be noted that whether or not an argument is "valid" does not depend on whether its premises are true. It rather depends on whether the conclusion follows from them, which is to say, on whether under the assumption that the premises are true, the conclusion must be true as well.
For example, consider this syllogism:
If the streets are wet, it has rained recently. (premise)
The streets are wet. (premise)
Therefore, it has rained recently. (conclusion)
This argument is logically valid. But its premises are not always true. The first premise can be false - someone could have hosed down the streets, a street cleaner could have passed, the local river could have flooded, and so on. A simple logical analysis will not reveal the error in this argument, since that analysis assumes that all the argument's premises are true. For this reason, an argument based on false premises can be much more difficult to refute, or even discuss, than one featuring a normal logical error, as the truth of its premises must be established to the satisfaction of all parties.
Another feature of an argument based on false premises that can bedevil critics, is that its conclusion can in fact be true. Consider the above example again. It may well be that it has recently rained, and that the streets are wet. This of course does nothing to prove the first premise, but can make its claims more difficult to refute.
A false premise can also be a premise that is poorly defined, which makes the conclusion questionable. The following joke from Plato and a Platypus Walk Into a Bar illustrates the point: "An old cowboy goes into a bar and orders a drink. As he sits there sipping his whiskey, a young lady sits down next to him. ... She says, 'I'm a lesbian. I spend my whole day thinking about women. ...' A little while later, a couple sits down next to the old cowboy and asks him, 'Are you a real cowboy?' He replies, 'I always thought I was, but I just found out I'm a lesbian'." The mistake the cowboy makes is that he assumes that the definition of a lesbian is somebody who spends the "whole day thinking about women", without including the fact that a lesbian is a homosexual female. The cowboy is neither homosexual nor female; therefore, he is not a lesbian.
Related pages
Predicate logic
References
Deception
Logical fallacies
1995–96 Austrian Cup

The 1995-96 Austrian Cup was Austria's nationwide football cup competition. SK Rapid Wien were the defending champions.
First round
First round with teams from the second league
Second round
Round of 32
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
SK Sturm Graz:
Thomas Gill - Marek Swierczewski, Mario Posch, Gunther Neukirchner, Darko Milanic (46. Gilbert Prilasnig), Hannes Reinmayr, Walter Hormann, Alfred Hortnagl (63. Mario Haas, 87. Michael Gruber), Markus Schopp, Ivica Vastic, Arnold Wetlcoach: Ivica Osim
Admira/Wacker :
Wolfgang Knaller - Helmut Graf, Herbert Gager, Gennadiy Moroz, Michael Binder, Hans Kogler, Jurgen Panis (71. Markus Scharrer), Uwe Muller (54. Igor Ogris), Gerhard Rodax, Manfred Rosenegger, Christian Mayrleb (63. Laszlo Klausz) coach: Walter Knaller
Top goalscorers
References
Austrian Cup
1996 in association football
1990s in Austria
Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time

Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time (also known as Mario & Luigi RPG 2: Partners in Time) is a game for the Nintendo DS. Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time was released in North America on November 28, 2005, in Japan on December 29, 2005, in Europe on January 11, 2006, in the United Kingdom on February 10, 2006, and in Australia on February 23, 2006. It is the second game in the Mario and Luigi RPG series, preceding Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga.
In this game, Peach goes with two other Toads in a time machine, but she never returns. Whenever the machine returns, a green alien comes out of it. After they beat it, Mario and Luigi go to various places in the past.
2005 video games
Nintendo DS games
Mario roleplaying games
Mildred Miller

Mildred Miller (born December 16, 1924 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American classical mezzo-soprano. He had a major career performing in operas, concerts, and recitals during the mid twentieth century. She was known as a principal artist at the Metropolitan Opera from 1951 through 1974.
In 1978 she founded the Opera Theater of Pittsburgh, serving as the company's Artistic Director through 1999.
Other websites
Biography of Mildred Miller at Lakewood Public Library Online
Rome News-Tribune, 1965
Metropolitan Opera Archives
Flying Without a Safety Net: The 80 Years of Mildred Miller Posvar, Pitt Chronicle, December 13, 2004
1924 births
Living people
Singers from Cleveland
Aci Bonaccorsi

Aci Bonaccorsi () is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Sicily region in Italy.
References
Other websites
Official website
Settlements in Sicily
Grim & Evil

Grim & Evil is an American animated television series. It was created by Maxwell Atoms. It was originally shown on the Cartoon Network. It began on August 24, 2001 and ended on 2003. There are two segments shown in the show that became their solo shows in 2003: The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy and Evil Con Carne. Grim focuses on two kids who become friends with the Grim Reaper. Evil focuses on the brain of a Mexican playboy who wants to collect the rest of his organs for world domination.
The series is targeted at 9-14 year olds.
The directors of episodes included Juli Murphy, Robert Alvarez, Brain Sheesley, Shaun Cashman, Eddy Houchins, Sue Perrotto, Randy Myers, John McIntyre, Phil Cummings, Matt Engstrom, Kris Sherwood, and Russell Calabrese.
Writers for the series were Maxwell Atoms, Gord Zajac and Chris Reccardi.
Cast
Greg Eagles as Grim Reaper, a hundred 37 thousand year old man with a Jamaican accent
Phil LaMarr as Hector Con Carne
Richard Steven Horvitz as Billy
Grey DeLisle as Mandy, Major Doctor Ghastly
Armin Shimerman as General Skarr, Stomach
Frank Welker as Boskov
References
Channel Links
Cartoon Network series
The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy
2001 American television series debuts
2003 American television series endings
American children's television series
English-language television programs
Judgment Day (2000)

Judgment Day (2000) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on May 20, 2000 at the Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky. It was the second Judgment Day event held by the WWF and the first annual.
Matches
References
Other websites
Official Judgment Day 2000 website
2000 in professional wrestling
Louisville, Kentucky
WWE Judgment Day
2000 in the United States
History of Kentucky
Mohr County

Mohr County () is a county in Fars Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Mohr.
Its main industries are based on its rich gas sources. Tabnak, Homa, Shanol, Varavi and Parsian refinery are important Gas Zones in this region. It has a dry hot climate. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 54,094, in 10,999 families.
The county is subdivided into four districts: the Central District, Galleh Dar District, Varavi District, and Asir District. The county has five cities: Mohr, Varavi, Asir, Galleh Dar and Khuzi.
References
Tls gytshnsy stnhy yrn [Atlas Gitashenasi Ostanhai Iran] (Gitashenasi Province Atlas of Iran)
Counties of Iran
Fars Province
Belle Glade, Florida

Belle Glade is a small city of Palm Beach County, Florida in the United States on the south shore of Lake Okeechobee. To the north of Belle Glade is another small city called Pahokee. In 2007, the number of people in Belle Glade was guessed to be around 16,739.
Cities in Florida
Palm Beach County, Florida
Academy Award for Best Dance Direction

The Academy Awards for Best Dance Direction is an Academy Award. It was given between 1935 and 1937 only.
Winners and nominees
1930s
1935: Dave Gould - Broadway Melody of 1936 ("I've Got a Feeling You're Fooling") and Folies Bergere ("Straw Hat")
Busby Berkeley - Gold Diggers of 1935 ("Lullaby of Broadway") and ("The Words Are in My Heart")
Bobby Connolly - Broadway Hostess ("Playboy from Paree") and Go Into Your Dance ("Latin from Manhattan")
Sammy Lee - King of Burlesque ("Lovely Lady") and ("Too Good to Be True")
Hermes Pan - Top Hat ("Top Hat")
LeRoy Prinz - All the King's Horses ("Viennese Waltz") and The Big Broadcast of 1936 ("It's the Animal in Me")
B. Zemach - She ("Hall of Kings")1936: Seymour Felix - The Great Ziegfeld ("A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody")
Busby Berkeley - Gold Diggers of 1937 ("Love and War")
Bobby Connolly - Cain and Mabel ("1000 Love Songs")
Dave Gould - Born to Dance ("Swingin' the Jinx Away")
Jack Haskell - One in a Million ("Skating Ensemble")
Hermes Pan - Swing Time ("Bojangles of Harlem")
Russell Lewis - Dancing Pirate ("The Finale")
'1937: Hermes Pan - A Damsel in Distress ("Fun House")
Busby Berkeley - Varsity Show ("The Finale")
Bobby Connolly - Ready, Willing and Able ("Too Marvelous for Words")
Dave Gould - A Day at the Races ("All God's Children Got Rhythm")
Sammy Lee - Ali Baba Goes to Town ("Swing Is Here to Stay")
Harry Losee - Thin Ice ("Prince Igor Suite")
LeRoy Prinz - Waikiki Wedding'' ("Luau")
Dance Direction
Aziz Ansari

Aziz Ansari (born February 23, 1983) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Tom Haverford on the NBC television program Parks and Recreation. He is also a movie actor, appearing in Funny People (2009), I Love You, Man (2009), Observe and Report (2009), and 30 Minutes or Less (2011).
Ansari was born in Columbia, South Carolina. He is the son of an Indian Tamil Muslim family. He started acting after graduating from the New York University in 2004. He lives in Los Angeles, California and is an atheist.
References
Other websites
1983 births
Living people
People from Columbia, South Carolina
Actors from South Carolina
American movie actors
American television actors
American stand-up comedians
American atheists
Comedians from South Carolina
Hubert Auriol

Hubert Auriol (; 7 June 1952 - 10 January 2021) was a French professional off-road motorcyclist and auto racer. He was born in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. He was the director of The Paris-Dakar rally. Auriol was known for being the first competitor to win the Dakar rally on motorcycles and in automobiles.
In 2012, Auriol was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements.
Auriol died of cardiac arrest caused by COVID-19 at a Paris hospital on 10 January 2021, aged 68.
References
1952 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
French sportspeople
Racecar drivers
No Sacrifice, No Victory

No Sacrifice, No Victory is the seventh studio album by Swedish power metal band HammerFall. It was released February 20, 2009. This is the first album featuring the band's new lead guitarist Pontus Norgren.
Track listing
"Any Means Necessary" - 3:37 (Joacim Cans / Oscar Dronjak)
"Life Is Now" - 4:45 (Cans / Dronjak)
"Punish and Enslave" - 3:59 (Cans / Dronjak)
"Legion" - 5:38 (Cans / Dronjak)
"Between Two Worlds" - 5:30 (Dronjak)
"Hallowed Be My Name" - 3:58 (Cans / Dronjak)
"Something for the Ages" - 5:06 (Pontus Norgren)
"No Sacrifice, No Victory" - 3:34 (Cans / Dronjak)
"Bring the Hammer Down" - 3:43 (Cans / Stefan Elmgren)
"One of a Kind" - 6:16 (Cans / Dronjak / Jesper Stromblad)
"My Sharona" (The Knack cover) - 3:57 (Doug Fieger / Berton Averre)
Personnel
Joacim Cans - Lead and backing vocals
Oscar Dronjak - Rhythm, Lead Guitars and backing vocals
Pontus Norgren - Rhythm, Lead Guitars and backing vocals
Fredrik Larsson - Bass and backing vocals
Anders Johansson - Drums
References
2009 albums
HammerFall albums
Power metal
Nuclear Blast albums