pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Complicated

"Complicated" was the first and perhaps the most popular song sung by Avril Lavigne. It was released in 2002. It was on her album Let Go. Other songs on the same CD single are "I Don't Give" and additional "Why" on maxi-cds.
It was at one point #1 in the charts in Canada, UK, Australia and the US. She was 17 when she sang it and she and her band wrote it together.
2002 songs
Avril Lavigne songs
SM Shafiuddin Ahmed

SM Shafiuddin Ahmed is a Bangladeshi general. He is the current 17th Chief of Army Staff (CAS) of the Bangladesh Army and former General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the Army Training and Doctrine Command. He served as the Director General of Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS). He was the President of Army Golf Club. He also served as the Director of Military Training (DMT) of Bangladesh Army .He is the Quartermaster general (QMG) of Bangladesh Army. On 10th of June 2021, General Shafiuddin Ahmed, has been appointed as Chief of Army Staff (CAS) for three years starting 24th of June 2021.
Career
Ahmed was commissioned in the 4th Battalion the East Bengal Regiment of Bangladesh Army on 23 December 1983 in the 9th Bangladesh Military Academy Long Course. He served as Battalion Commander in 1st Bangladesh Battalion of Bangladesh Military Academy (BMA) and commanded an Infantry Brigade. He also served as the Director of Military Training in Military Training Directorate at the General Staff Branch, Army headquarters. He served as the General Officer Commanding & Area Commander of the 19th Infantry Division & Ghatail Area in 2012. He also served a the Director General of Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS). Also served as the Chief of Doctrine of Army Training & Doctrine Command (ARTDOC).
Ahmed served as a Deputy Force Commander of MINUSCA. He served as a Senior Directing Staff (SDS) at National Defense College, GOC of 19th Infantry Division and the GOC of the Area Commander of Logistics Area. On 25 August 2019, he was promoted to Lieutenant General and made the GOC of the Army Training and Doctrine Command. He is the chief Patron of Bangladesh International School and College.
References
Living people
1963 births
Natchitoches, Louisiana

Natchitoches ( ; ) is the parish seat of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States. it is the most populous municipality in Natchitoches Parish. It was established in 1714 by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis as part of French Louisiana. Established in 1714 by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis as part of French Louisiana, the community was named after the indigenous Natchitoches people.
The City of Natchitoches was not incorporated until after Louisiana had become a state (1812), on February 5, 1819. It is the oldest permanent settlement in the region. Natchitoches' sister city is Nacogdoches, Texas. It is also the location of Northwestern State University.
Suburbs
Natchitoches surrounding communities include:
Incorporated
Campti, Louisiana
Clarence, Louisiana
Coushatta, Louisiana
Natchez, Louisiana
Powhatan, Louisiana
Provencal, Louisiana
Robeline, Louisiana
Unincorporated
Allen, Louisiana
Bermuda, Louisiana
Cloutierville, Louisiana
Derry, Louisiana
Fairview Acres, Louisiana
Fairview Alpha, Louisiana
Flora, Louisiana
Grand Ecore, Louisiana
Hagewood, Louisiana
Marthaville, Louisiana
Melrose, Louisiana
Point Place, Louisiana
Saint Maurice, Louisiana
Vienna Bend, Louisiana
Media
Newspaper
Natchitoches Times
Radio
The only AM radio station based in Natchitoches is KNOC 1450, a classic country music station
FM broadcasting
Images
Education
Northwestern State University
References
External links
What's in a Name: Natchitoches (LPB, 2006)
Cities in Louisiana
1714 establishments
Parish seats in Louisiana
Settlements in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
18th-century establishments in Louisiana
Mario Hoops 3-on-3

Mario Slam Basketball (Mario Hoops: 3-On-3 in America and Mario Basket 3-On-3 in Japan) is a sports video game developed by Square Enix and published by Nintendo, released for the Nintendo DS in 2006. (2007 in European countries.) As Square developed the game, Several Final Fantasy characters are playable alongside Mario characters. The gameplay is based around three versus three basketball matches, with items, similar to the ones in Mario Kart. Alongside regular matches, there is a tournament mode where multiple matches are played one after another, with rewards such as new characters, balls, and costumes. The game was rereleased for the Wii U in 2016.
2006 video games
Sports video games
Mario sports games
Ronnie Wood

Ronald David "Ronnie" Wood (born 1 June 1947) is an English rock guitarist and bassist.
Overview
Faces
Prior to his work with the Rolling Stones, Wood was the guitarist in the English rock band Faces. He was in Faces from 1969 until the band broke up in 1975.
The Rolling Stones
He is best known as a member of The Rolling Stones. He first worked with the band as a touring guitarist for their 1975 world tour.
In February 1976 he was made a full-time member and has recorded and toured with the band ever since.
In addition to the Rolling Stones, Wood has maintained a solo music career.
Since 1974 he has recorded and released 12 studio and live albums.
Ronnie Wood was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989 as a member of The Rolling Stones.
Jeff Beck Group
From 1967 until 1969 Wood was the bass guitar player for The Jeff Beck Group.
Artistry
Wood has also had a lot of success as a painter. In the early 1960s, he trained at Ealing Art College. His paintings and prints have been shown in art galleries all over the world. A London art gallery named "Scream" is co-owned by Wood and his sons. The clothing company "Liberty & Co." have produced a clothing line using fabric that has been printed with Wood's art.
Discography
The Rolling Stones
Studio albums
Black and Blue (1976)
Some Girls (1978)
Emotional Rescue (1980)
Tattoo You (1981)
Undercover (1983)
Dirty Work (1986)
Steel Wheels (1989)
Voodoo Lounge (1994)
Bridges to Babylon (1997)
A Bigger Bang (2005)
GRRR! (2012)
1947 births
Living people
British bass guitarists
English painters
English rock guitarists
English songwriters
Musicians from Middlesex
The Rolling Stones members
Nikki McKibbin

Katherine Nicole McKibbin (September 28, 1978 - November 1, 2020) was an American rock music singer-songwriter. She finished third in the debut season of the reality television series American Idol. McKibbin appeared in the first season of Popstars. McKibbin was born in Grand Prairie, Texas.
McKibbin died on November 1, 2020 from a brain aneurysm at a hospital in Arlington, Texas. She was 42 years old at the time.
References
1978 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from intracranial aneurysm
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Texas
Writers from Texas
Low kick

Low kick is a leg technique used in certain boxes pieds-poings (Burmese boxing, kickboxing and Thai boxing Muay Thai) and certain martial arts. It consists in striking a blow with shinbone or a kick in the lower limb of the opponent (thigh or leg). According to the official rules concerning sport, it can be carried to the outer and to the inner part of the lower limb.
In fights in full contact (so-called K.O. system), these kicks are allowed in order to make an opponent not stable, indeed to have an advantage.
In the matter of hits in the legs, several kicks exist: circular or roundhouse kick, semicircular kick, balanced kicks (stick kick, crescent kick, axe kick...), kicks along the straight line (front kick and side kick), hooked-type kicks (hook kick), kicks that go down (hammer kick), etc.
In American or Japanese kickboxing, this type of kick can be only circular or semicircular according to the official rules.
Martial art techniques
Sebastiano Mannironi

Sebastiano Mannironi (22 July 1930 - 11 June 2015) was an Italian weightlifter. He was born in Nuoro, Sardinia. He competed at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal at the 1960 Olympics.
Mannironi died on 11 June 2015 in Bracciano, aged 84.
References
1930 births
2015 deaths
1956 Summer Olympics
1964 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Italian Olympic bronze medalists
People from Sardinia
Weightlifters
Thal-Marmoutier

Thal-Marmoutier is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
George Kobayashi

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kobayashi was born in Sao Paulo, Brazil on November 29, 1947. He moved to Japan and joined Japan Soccer League club Yanmar Diesel in 1971. The club won the league champions in 1971, 1974 and 1975. The club also won 1974 Emperor's Cup. He retired in 1976. He played 92 games and scored 7 goals in the league. He was selected Best Eleven in 1974 and 1975.
On July 16, 1972, Kobayashi debuted for the Japan national team against Sri Lanka. He played 3 games for Japan in 1972.
Statistics
|-
|1972||3||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}
References
Other websites
1947 births
Living people
Brazilian-Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Cerezo Osaka players
Nicky Morgan

Nicola Ann Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Cotes, PC (born 1 October 1972) is a British politician. She was the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport from 2019 to 2020.
Morgan was born in Kingston upon Thames and grew up in Surbiton. She studied law at St Hugh's College, Oxford. She became a solicitor in 1996. Morgan is a member of the Conservative Party. She was the Secretary of State for Education and Minister for women from 2014-2016. She was removed from her job by the new Prime Minister Theresa May. She was removed from these positions on 14 July 2016.
References
1972 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British lawyers
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Members of the House of Lords
Politicians from London
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 2010-2015
UK MPs 2015-2017
UK MPs 2017-2019
United Kingdom Life Peers
Lu Jintang

Lu Jintang (Chinese: Lu Jin Tang ; pinyin: Lu Jintang;1910 - March 16, 1986) was a Chinese politician and educator. Lu joined the Communist Party of China in June 1930, and he was the guerrilla leader of the Communist Party of China in Gaocheng during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Lu was the Principal of Hebei Zhengding High School (1947-1950) and the president of Hebei Beijing Normal College (today's Hebei Normal University) before the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Lu later served as the Direct of the Bureau of Education of Baoding city government and the first principal of Experimental Middle School attached to Hebei Normal University (1956-1966).
He was also a member of the first, second and third of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress.
His wife, Ma Lantian died during the World War Two. His son, Lu Jintang, born in 1940, is a retired professor who lives in Baoding city, Hebei province.
References
1910 births
1986 deaths
Chinese politicians
People from Hebei
The Himalayan Times

The Himalayan Times is a daily broadsheet newspaper distributed and produced in English in Nepal. The editor-in-chief in temporary Rajan Pokhrel. It received the highest possible ranking of A+ in Press Council Nepal's annual newspaper categorization report, which is released.
History
The publication was established on November 23, 2001. Its headquarters are at Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. International Media Network Nepal (Pvt) Ltd, which is owned by Nepali investors, is the owner of it. Competitors of the daily tried to organize and push against foreign-owned newspapers entering the nation, but they were unsuccessful.
References
2001 establishments in Asia
English-language newspapers published in Asia
21st-century establishments in Nepal
D (musical note)

D or Re is the first note of the D major scale.
Musical notes
Vivaan Shah

Vivaan Shah (born 11 January 1990) is an Indian film actor, who made his film debut with Saat Khoon Maaf (2011) as Arun Kumar. Thereafter, he signed a three-film deal with director Vishal Bhardwaj. In 2014, he was given a role in Farah Khan's film Happy New Year.
Personal life
Shah is the younger son of actors Naseeruddin Shah and Ratna Pathak. He is the nephew of Lt. Gen. Zameer Uddin Shah, the former vice-chancellor of the prestigious Aligarh Muslim University. He is the brother of Imaad Shah and his paternal half sister is Heeba Shah.
Shah graduated from The Doon School in 2009.
Filmography
References
Other websites
1990 births
Indian actors
Living people
Joseph H. Boardman

Joseph H. Boardman (December 23, 1948 - March 7, 2019) was an American railroad executive. He was the President and CEO of Amtrak from 2008 to 2016. He was born in Taberg, New York.
Boardman suffered a stroke while on vacation in Florida on March 5, and died on March 7, 2019. He was aged 70.
References
1948 births
2019 deaths
American chief executives
United States Department of Transportation
Amtrak
Republicans (United States)
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Cornell University alumni
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Deaths from stroke
Military people from New York (state)
Baja California Peninsula

The Baja California Peninsula (or Lower California) is a peninsula of North America. It is west of Mexico. It extends some 1,250 km (775 miles) from Mexicali in the north to Cabo San Lucas in the south, separating the Pacific Ocean from the Gulf of California (or "Sea of Cortes").
Other websites
Google maps
Baja.net
Baja California
Geography of Mexico
Peninsulas of North America
National Football League 100th Anniversary All-Time Team

The National Football League 100th Anniversary All-Time Team was voted on by media members, former players and league employees in 2019. It chose the greatest players of the first 100 years of the National Football League (NFL).
All-Time Team
Offense
Sources:
Bold denotes unanimous selection.
Defense
Sources:
Bold denotes unanimous selection.
Special teams
Sources:
Head coaches
Sources:
See also
National Football League All-Decade Teams
National Football League 50th Anniversary All-Time Team
National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team
The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players
Notes
References
National Football League
Angelina Jolie

Angelina Jolie (; nee Voight, formerly Jolie Pitt, born June 4, 1975) is an American actress, movie producer, screenwriter, and author. She is the daughter of Jon Voight, who is also an actor and former actress/model Marcheline Bertrand. Her full name is Angelina Jolie Voight, but she decided to go by Angelina Jolie. She grew up in Los Angeles and attended the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute. She began acting at about 12 years old, and since then has starred in many movies, including the Tomb Raider movies. She has also been in the movies Hackers, Gathering Evidence (U.S. title), and Gone in Sixty Seconds.
Early life
She was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter of actors Jon Voight and Marcheline Bertrand. She is the sister of actor James Haven, niece of singer-songwriter Chip Taylor, and goddaughter of actors Jacqueline Bisset and Maximilian Schell. On her father's side, Jolie is of German and Slovak descent, and on her mother's side, she is of primarily French Canadian, Dutch, and German ancestry. Like her mother, Jolie has stated that she is part Iroquois, although her only known Native American ancestor was a Huron woman born in 1649.
Career
Jolie played her first leading role in the 1993 movie Cyborg 2. In 1999 Jolie played Lisa Rowe in Girl, Interrupted.
She was awarded an honorary damehood by the British government in 2014 in recognition of her work in preventing sexual violence. She was presented with the award by Queen Elizabeth II. As an American citizen, she cannot be called "Dame Angelina", but she can use the letters "DCMG" after her name.
Awards
She won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Girl, Interrupted.
Marriage and family
Jolie self-identifies as bisexual. She has been married to Jonny Lee Miller and Billy Bob Thornton.
She has three adopted children. She lives with actor Brad Pitt. Pitt and Angelina are called 'Brangelina' by the media. They have three biological children. On May 27, 2006, Jolie gave birth to a girl, Shiloh. In 2008, she also gave birth to twins, Vivienne Marcheline and Knox Leon. On August 28, 2014, Jolie married Pitt in France. In September 2016, they separated and she filed for divorce. Jolie is currently battling for full custody of her six children.
Personal life
She said in May 2013 that she had undergone a preventive double mastectomy after learning she had an 87% risk of getting breast cancer. Jolie has a defective BRCA1 gene resulting in a very high risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Jolie said she might have her ovaries removed to prevent cancer.
Movies
References
Other websites
1975 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Satellite Award winners
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
Bisexual people
LGBT actors
LGBT people from California
LGBT producers
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Saturn Award winners
Abba Kyari (politician)

Abba Kyari OON (23 September 1952 - 17 April 2020) was a Nigerian politician. He was Chief of Staff to President Muhammadu Buhari. He was Chief of Staff from 2015 to 2020. Kyari was born in Borno State, Nigeria.
Kyari was diagnosed with COVID-19 on 24 March 2020 in Lagos, Nigeria. He died from the infection on 17 April 2020, aged 67.
References
1952 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Nigerian politicians
Johnny Rozsa

Johnny Rozsa is a well known New York photographer. Rozsa was born and raised in Nairobi, and is of Jewish descent. He arrived in London in the 1960s and, after college, ran a vintage shop in Covent Garden. Here he met fashion editors, models, actors, and photographers on a daily basis.
Rozsa photographed famous people including Hugh Grant, Halle Berry, Janet Jackson, Nicholas Cage, John Malkovich and Natasha Richardson.
Rozsa published a book in 2009 called Untouched, which included many of his photographs.
References
Other websites
Official website
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
African Jews
American Jews
American photographers
British Jews
British photographers
Jewish artists
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Nairobi
Fashion week

A fashion week is a fashion industry event lasting about one week. This is where fashion designers, brands or "houses" show their latest clothing in runway shows to buyers and the media. These events let the rest of the industry know what's "in" and what's "out" for the season.
The most prominent fashion weeks are held in the four fashion capitals of the world. These are the New York, London, Milan and Paris.
Other notable fashion events are held in cities around the world. These include Berlin (Berlin Fashion Week) and Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo Fashion Week), among many others.
References
Fashion
Eiji Takada

Eiji Takada (born 21 October 1974) is a former Japanese football player.
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Grampian

Grampian was a government region in north east Scotland. It was named after the Grampian mountains which start in this region.
The capital city of the region was Aberdeen.
The region was created in 1974. It was removed in 1995 because local government in Scotland was made simpler.
Local government in Scotland
Cho Min-ho

Cho Min-ho (, 4 January 1987 - 15 June 2022) was a South Korean professional ice hockey center. He played for Anyang Halla. Cho was born in Seoul, South Korea. He also played for the South Korea men's national ice hockey team. His career began in 2009 and he stopped playing in 2021.
Cho died from lung cancer in Seoul on 15 June 2022 at the age of 35.
References
1987 births
2022 deaths
Ice hockey players
Sportspeople from Seoul
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in South Korea
Bob Friend

Robert Bartmess Friend (November 24, 1930 - February 3, 2019) was an American right-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched mainly for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1951 to 1965. He also played for the New York Yankees and New York Mets in his final season of 1966. He is the first man ever to have led the league in ERA while pitching for a last place team.
Friend was born in Lafayette, Indiana. He studied at Purdue University. Friend died suddenly in his sleep at his home in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on February 3, 2019 from cardiac arrest at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
Retrosheet
Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame
1930 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Pittsburgh Pirates players
New York Yankees players
New York Mets players
Sportspeople from Indiana
ELF/Filecoder.A

ELF/Filecoder.A is a ransomware Trojan that infects Unix systems. There are different versions of the Trojan for several different flavors of Unix, including Linux, FreeBSD, and MacOS. Like other ransomware, it encrypts files on the system and demands payment for decryption.
Incidents
The Trojan infected Linux servers using a flaw in the Magento eCommerce platform. Additionally, hackers broke into the hosting site for the Transmission BitTorrent client and infected version 2.90 for MacOS.
References
Malware
Hardwired... to Self-Destruct

Hardwired... to Self-Destruct is the tenth studio album by Metallica, an American heavy metal band. It was released in November 2016 by Blackened Recordings, the band's record label. It is their first studio album released by Blackened.
The album came out at number one on the Billboard 200 music chart. It went to number one on music charts in 57 countries. It sold over 250,000 copies in its first week. The album made Metallica the second band to ever have six albums release at number one on the Billboard 200 in a row (the first being Dave Matthews Band). In 2020, Lars Ulrich said it was the Metallica album he liked the most.
Track listing
References
2016 albums
Heavy metal albums
Metallica albums
Posio

Posio is a municipality in Finnish Lapland. As of January 2014, about 3,660 people lived there.
The settlements Rovaniemi, Kemijarvi, Ranua, Salla, Kuusamo, Taivalkoski and Pudasjarvi are near to Posio.
Riisitunturi National Park is in Posio.
Other websites
Community website
Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Batzendorf

Batzendorf is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
The Best (Ariana Grande album)

The Best is a greatest hits album by American singer Ariana Grande that released only in Japan. It features songs from her first three studio albums: Yours Truly (2013), My Everything (2014) and Dangerous Woman (2016), as well as her duet with John Legend, "Beauty and the Beast" for the Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (2017) and "Faith" with Stevie Wonder for the Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (2016). It was released, digitally and physically, exclusively only in Japan on September 27, 2017, by Universal Music Japan.
Track listing
Personnel
Vocals
Ariana Grande - vocals
Iggy Azalea - vocals
Jessie J - vocals
Nicki Minaj - vocals
Mac Miller - vocals
The Weeknd - vocals
Future - vocals
Big Sean - vocals
Stevie Wonder - vocals
John Legend - vocals
Production
Max Martin - production , vocal production
Zedd - production
Ilya - production , vocal production , co-production
Peter Carlsson - vocal production
Shellback - production
Antonio Dixon - production
Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds - production
Kuk Harrell - vocal production
Rickard Goransson - production
Carl Falk - production
Giorgio Tuinfort - co-production
Rami - production
Savan Kotecha - vocal production
Ariana Grande - vocal production
Harmony - production
Sauce - vocal production
Tommy Brown - production
Twice as Nice - production
Ali Payami - production
Peter Svensson - production
Jo Blaq - vocal production
Mikey - additional production
Mo-Keyz - additional production
Johan Carlsson - production , vocal production
Key Wane - production
Benny Blanco - production
Harvey Mason Jr. - vocal production
Ryan Tedder - production
Ron Fair - production
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Release history
References
2017 albums
Greatest hits albums
Ariana Grande albums
Pop albums
R&B albums
Capsize

Capsizing is when a boat has overturned in the water.
References
Boats
Maritime disasters
The Velvet Underground

The Velvet Underground was an American rock band, (not bebop). It was founded in 1964.
The original line-up was Lou Reed, John Cale, Sterling Morrison and Maureen Tucker. They were discovered by the famous artist, Andy Warhol, who produced and designed the cover for their first album The Velvet Underground and Nico, which paired them with another discovery of his, German model/singer, Nico. The album was never really a hit, but it is now considered a classic.
Later, the group broke up with Warhol and Nico after being a part of Andy Warhol's Factory for a while. The group released several more albums, White Light/White Heat (1967), The Velvet Underground (1969), Loaded (1970), and Squeeze (which features none of the original members, 1973), before finally breaking up. Lou Reed later had a successful solo career and is considered one of the founders of the "punk" movement.
Albums
The Velvet Underground & Nico (1967)
White Light/White Heat (1968)
The Velvet Underground (1969)
Loaded (1970)
Live at Max's Kansas City (recorded 1970, released 1972)
Squeeze (1973)
1969: The Velvet Underground Live (double album, recorded live 1969, released 1974)
VU (recorded 1968-1969, released 1985)
Another View (recorded 1967-69, released 1986)
American rock bands
Musical groups from New York City
Teneur

Teneur is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Early Middle Ages

The Early Middle Ages were a period in European history. They lasted from the 5th century to the 10th century. They were followed by the High Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages. These were called the "Middle" Ages because they came between ancient history and modern history. The Middle Ages are sometimes called the Medieval Age.
The early Middle Ages has also been called "the Dark Ages" because past scholars wrongly believed that there was very little culture, good literature, art, good architecture, technology or progress during this period.
The fall of Rome
The Early Middle Ages started with the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
In ancient history, the Western Roman Empire ruled much of Europe. Eventually, that empire started to weaken. In 410, Rome was sacked by Alaric, the leader of the Germanic tribe known as the Visigoths. Rome survived, but had been weakened greatly. In 476, when Rome was again invaded and sacked by Odoacer, he was able to take the city for himself. He made himself the king of Italy. This ended the Western Roman Empire. Europe entered the Early Middle Ages.
Life in the Early Middle Ages
As the Early Middle Ages began, Europe was experiencing the effects of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Before, the empire's communication systems made it possible for people all over Europe to share ideas and facts. Now these communication systems were no longer working. This made it much more difficult to exchange knowledge and new ideas.
For many years, the Roman army had defended the empire and kept peace between different parts of Europe. Now, wars became common as people all over Europe started to fight each other for territory and resources.
The Catholic Church was very powerful during the Early Middle Ages. Most Europeans were Christian at this time.
References
Middle Ages
Detroit River

The Detroit River is a river in the Great Lakes system. The river connects Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie. It forms part of the border between Canada and the United States. It is long. It divides the cities of Detroit and Windsor. It is one of the busiest waterways in the world.
The name comes from the French Riviere du Detroit, which means River of the Strait.
References
Rivers of Canada
Rivers of the United States
Geography of Michigan
Geography of Ontario
Selenite

Selenite is an ion. Its chemical formula is SeO32-. It makes the hydrogen selenite ion, HSeO3- in neutral conditions. When in acidic conditions it makes selenous acid. They are normally made by heating metal oxides with selenium dioxide. An example would be sodium selenite. Selenites are weak oxidizing agents.
Related pages
Selenate
Selenide
Selenium compounds
Ions
Berg en Dal

Berg en Dal is a municipality found in the Dutch province of Gelderland. In 2019, 34,798 people lived there.
History
It was created on 1 January 2015 from the former municipalities of Groesbeek, Millingen aan de Rijn and Ubbergen. The resulting larger municipality kept the name of Groesbeek until 1 January 2016, when it was renamed to Berg en Dal after the village of Berg en Dal.
References
Other websites
Berg en Dal website
2015 establishments in the Netherlands
Chevrolet Uplander

The Chevrolet Uplander was a minivan sold by the Chevrolet division of General Motorsf(GM)rom 2005-2009. The minivan replaced both the Venture minivan and the truck designed Astro. 2005 was the only model year for all-wheel drive this is due to the engine changing to a 3L V6 enging. GM said the AWD could not handle the torque. The Uplander was considered an imprpvement over its predecessor. It earned a Good in the IIHS' offset test and a Poor in side impact tests (without air bags, with air bags it earned an acceptable). While it was initially a decent seller compared to the Honda Odyssey and Toyota Sienna the Uplander's sales were poor. In 2008 GM announced that it would shut down Doraville Assembly which manufactured the minivans and decided to focus on crossover SUVs and introduced the Traverse.
Minivans
Sombrin

Sombrin is a commune in Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in north France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
CO Roubaix-Tourcoing

C.O. Roubaix-Tourcoing is a former football club which plays in France.
League title
Division 1 : 1
1946/47
League position
French football clubs
Bossugan

Bossugan is a commune. It is in the Aquitaine region in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar

Fimleikafelag Hafnarfjardar (English: Hafnarfjordur Gymnastics Club; usually just called FH) is an Icelandic sports club from Hafnarfjordur. The club competes in football, handball, track and field, and fencing. The men's football team has been one of the most successful Icelandic teams since the early-2000s. They recently won the 2015 Urvalsdeild.
The club was founded in 1928 as a gymnastics club. FH has since moved into other sports. FH were promoted to the Urvalsdeild in football for the first time in 1979. After moving up and down through the league system, they finally were promoted to the Urvalsdeild again in 2000. They won their first Urvalsdeild title in 2004.
They went on to win the Urvalsdeild six more times, the Icelandic cup twice, Icelandic league cup six times and the Icelandic super cup six times. They also made multiple appearances in European tournaments.
The team's colours are white and black.
Honours
Icelandic Champion: 7
2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2015
Icelandic Cups: 2
2007, 2010
Icelandic League Cups: 6
2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2014
Icelandic Super Cup: 6
2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013
References
1928 establishments in Europe
Sports clubs
Sport in Iceland
Icelandic football clubs
20th-century establishments in Iceland
Organizations based in Iceland
Henschel Hs 123

The Henschel Hs 123 is a biplane built in Nazi Germany as a dive bomber. Known like a Sturzkampfflugzeug this single-engine was used for the Spanish Civil War and after for the World War II against Polish, Belgian, and French troops. Spanish air force used some Hs 123.
Bibliography
World War II German aircraft
Military of Germany
German military aircraft
Graham County, Arizona

Graham County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,533, making it the third-least populous county in Arizona. The county seat is Safford.
History
The county was founded on March 10, 1881. It was created from land that was previously governed by Apache County and Pima County. From 1883 to 1915, the county seat was Solomon. In 1909, land was taken away to form nearby Greenlee County.
References
Arizona counties
Chinese name

Chinese names () are names for people in Chinese languages. They are mostly used by Chinese people, but some Korean people and Vietnamese people also use forms of Chinese names.
Modern Chinese names are made up of a surname and a personal name. The surname (xing ) appears first. It is usually only one syllable. The personal name (ming ) appears second. It is nearly always either one or two syllables. When written, each syllable is written with one character. So a person's name will usually be written with two or three characters. For example, Wei () of the Zhang () family - currently China's most common single name - is called "Zhang Wei" and written as .
Before the 20th century, educated Chinese people also used a "courtesy name" or "style name" (zi ). This is the name by which they were known among those outside of their family and friends.
Names
Chinese language
The Bar-Kays

The Bar-Kays is an American funk-R&B-soul band. They started in 1966 in Memphis, Tennessee. Many of their songs were on record charts from the 1960s to the 1980s. The songs included "Anticipation", "Son of Shaft" and "Boogie Body Land".
The list of group members has changed several times.
1966 establishments in the United States
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American R&B bands
Memphis, Tennessee
Musical groups established in 1966
Musical groups from Tennessee
1960s establishments in Tennessee
Arno Schmidt

Arno Schmidt (18 January 1914 - 3 June 1979) was a German author and translator. He was born in Hamburg, Germany. He is considered to be one of the most important postwar German authors. His writing "ranges from (seemingly) straightforward stories to writing that assails the reader with a literary and linguistic density of the highest degree."
To make his most famous work, Zettels Traum [Bottom's Dream], Schmidt wrote 130,000 note cards (Zettel). The novel is written in an unusual way. The text is written in three columns on each page. Each column has a different theme. In addition, Schmidt used physical constructs in the novel that had to be added by hand.
Further reading
Langbehn, Volker Max, 2003, Arno Schmidt's Zettel's Traum: An Analysis (Studies in German Literature Linguistics and Culture)
References
Other websites
Arno Schmidt at the complete review
Arno Schmidt, German author
1914 births
1979 deaths
German translators
Writers from Hamburg
Vinton, Louisiana

Vinton is a town in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Towns in Louisiana
Settlements in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana
With Blood Comes Cleansing

With Blood Comes Cleansing is an American deathcore band. It formed in February 2005.
Discography
Studio albums
Golgotha (2006)
Horror (2008)
References
2005 establishments in the United States
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
2010 disestablishments in the United States
Albany, Georgia
American heavy metal bands
Deathcore bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2010
Musical groups established in 2005
Droylsden

Droylsden is a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England. In 2011, 22,689 people lived there.
References
Towns in Greater Manchester
Tameside
Academy Award for Best Animated Feature

The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is the award for the best animated movie. It is given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The Academy Awards, or Oscars, are the oldest award for movies. This award for animation was started in 2001.
Only movies at least 40 minutes long are eligible for the award.
The Golden Globes and BAFTA Awards have followed the academy's example. Both now present similar awards.
Results
The following table shows the nominees and the winners. The winners are in bold print with a yellow background.
References
Related pages
Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film
BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film
Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film
Other websites
Academy Awards Database - AMPAS
Animated Feature
Derek Cooper

Derek MacDonald Cooper (25 May 1925 - 18 April 2014) was a British journalist. He wrote about food, wine and whisky. He worked with The Listener, The Observer, Home & Garden and Saga Magazine.
He created the idea of BBC Radio 4's weekly program The Food Programme. He was born in London, England.
Cooper died from Parkinson's disease in London, aged 88.
References
Other websites
1925 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in England
English journalists
Writers from London
Desert climate

Desert climate or Arid climate (in the Koppen climate classification: BWh "hot desert climate" and BWk "cold desert climate") is a type of climate where precipitation is generally less than a year. Low rainfall is a feature of deserts such as the Arabian, central Australia and the Sahara. It is a feature of continental interiors, the western sides of continents, and the leeward side of tall mountain ranges. Parts of the Arctic and Antarctic have arid climates even though they are cold.
Defining a desert
A "true desert" is one where plant cover is very sparse and rainfall is rare or infrequent. Because desert air is dry there is little moisture to hold onto the heat of the day. Desert nights are usually very cold. This wide temperature variation can make a desert climate difficult to live in.
Some deserts get more than 250mm of rainfall yearly but are still arid areas. For example, the Kalahari Desert gets up to a year. It has great sand dunes like the Sahara, but they do not shift in the winds. They have plants that anchor the sand and help to keep their shape. Other areas can also have more than 250mm of precipitation but lose more water via evapotranspiration than falls as precipitation. Tuscon and Alice Springs are good examples of this. Tucson gets an average of of rainfall a year. Alice Springs receives about yearly. Some scientists do not consider these as true deserts.
Types
There are three types of desert climates in the Koppen climate classification: a hot desert climate (BWh), a cold desert climate (BWk) and a mild desert climate (BWh/BWn). Hot deserts have very hot summers that have temperatures that can even reach 45 degC (113 degF). Temperatures can even be very warm during winter. Cold deserts can have hot summers as well, but the winters are usually very cold. They are usually at high altitudes and can be drier than hot deserts.
Adaptations
Desert plants and animals have adapted to living in desert climates. Some animals can get by on less water. Some plants are able to store water. Some animals, like snakes, lizards and scorpions use poisonous venoms to kill for food. This saves valuable energy: they do not need to chase, fight or catch their prey. Many animals are nocturnal. They sleep in cool caves or burrows during the day and hunt at night. Plants likewise have adapted to saving water. Some have waterproof coverings that prevent the plant or seeds from drying out. Some, like the giant Saguaro cactus, store water. They have adapted so well that they can live for more than 150 years and can average over 40 ft tall. Many types have thorns and protective spines that keep animals from getting at their stores of water.
Related pages
Desert
List of deserts
References
Other websites
Koppen climate classifications
Climate
Deserts
Viktor Onopko

Viktor Onopko (born 14 October 1969) is a former Russian football player. He has played for Soviet Union national team and Russia national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1986||Stakhanovets Stakhanov||||4||2
|-
|1987||rowspan="2"|Shakhtar Donetsk||rowspan="2"|Top League||0||0
|-
|1988||3||0
|-
|1989||Dynamo Kyiv||Top League||0||0
|-
|1990||rowspan="2"|Shakhtar Donetsk||rowspan="2"|Top League||21||0
|-
|1991||24||1
|-
|1992||rowspan="4"|Spartak Moscow||rowspan="4"|Top League||23||6
|-
|1993||30||9
|-
|1994||26||2
|-
|1995||29||6
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="7"|Real Oviedo||rowspan="6"|La Liga||19||1
|-
|1996/97||37||0
|-
|1997/98||31||1
|-
|1998/99||33||0
|-
|1999/00||31||2
|-
|2000/01||35||3
|-
|2001/02||Segunda Division||30||1
|-
|2002/03||Rayo Vallecano Madrid||La Liga||6||1
|-
|2003||Spartak-Alania Vladikavkaz||Premier League||7||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Saturn Ramenskoe||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||1
|-
|2005||25||0
52||3
166||24
222||9
440||36
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1992||4||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}
|-
|1992||3||0
|-
|1993||12||1
|-
|1994||8||0
|-
|1995||9||1
|-
|1996||13||0
|-
|1997||9||0
|-
|1998||9||1
|-
|1999||9||3
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||10||1
|-
|2003||7||0
|-
|2004||3||0
|-
!Total||109||7
|}
References
1969 births
Living people
Russian footballers
Snowpack

Snowpack is snow that has built up over time in an area. It is made of layers of snow that collect in geographic areas and at high elevations, where it is cold for large parts of the year. Snowpacks feed streams and rivers when they melt and are important water resources. In many communities, snowpack is the main source of drinking water. When snowpack melts quickly, it can cause flash flooding.
Understanding snowpacks is important in the study and prediction of avalanches.
References
Snow
Lacey Turner

Lacey Turner (born 28 March 1988) is an English actress. She is known for her playing Stacey Slater in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. She won over 30 awards for that role, including ten British Soap Awards and four National Television Awards. In 2012 she played Ellie Flint in the British television show Bedlam. In 2013-2014 she played Molly Dawes in the television show Our Girl.
Turner was born in North London, England.
References
1988 births
English television actors
Award winning actors
Actors from London
Living people
Quiry-le-Sec

Quiry-le-Sec is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling

The Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling is the Oscar given to the best achievement in makeup and hair-styling for movies. Usually, only three movies are nominated each year rather than five as in most categories.
In 2012, the category was renamed to Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling.
Special Achievement Awards
Before 1981, Special Achievement Oscars were twice awarded to makeup artists for their work on a specific movie:
1964 - William J. Tuttle for 7 Faces of Dr. Lao
1968 - John Chambers for Planet of the Apes
Hairstylists
Starting in 1993, the award is to be shared with hairstylists if hair effects "contribute greatly to the appearance and effect of the characters".
Winners and nominees
The winners are in bold text with a blue background.
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
Related pages
BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair
References
Academy Award categories
1981 establishments
Lists of movies
Movies that won the Best Makeup Academy Award
RZA

Robert Diggs (born July 5, 1969) is an American rapper and producer, as well as a member of the hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan, better known by his stage name, RZA. He was a member of Gravediggaz. He was known as Rzarector. This is a pun on 'resurrector'. RZA has written two books.
RZA started his music career in 1991 when he released the EP Ooh I Love You Rakeem.
Discography
Bobby Digital in Stereo (1998)
Digital Bullet (2001)
Birth of a Prince (2003)
Digi Snacks (2008)
References
1969 births
Living people
Rappers from New York (state)
Musicians from New York City
Dana Gaier

Dana Gaier (born August 30, 1997) is an American actress. She voiced Edith in the Despicable Me franchise. Gaier was raised in Livingston, New Jersey. She got into acting going with her older sister to an audition after her mother couldn't find a babysitter and brought her along. Gaier moved to Burbank, California around 2013 and has been a student at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Other websites
1997 births
Living people
People from Livingston, New Jersey
Actors from New Jersey
Zijin Grass

The Zijin Grass (Chinese: Zi Jin Cao ; Pinyin: Zi Jin Cao; Japanese: shikinsou) is a classic Chinese origami flower designed by Haozheng Pei. In Chinese culture, it is used to pay traditional respect to the deceased, especially martyrs; and it is a representation of the Chinese violet cress, referred to as the "flower of peace" both in China and Japan. It is often folded on the National Memorial Day on Dec 13 and the eve of Qingming Festival to pay tribute to the victims of the Nanjing Massacre in 1937 and pray for peace and security all over the world.
The original Zijin Grass models are in the permanent collection of the Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Story
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937-45), a Japanese army doctor named Yamaguchi Seitarou (Chinese: Shan Kou Cheng Tai Lang ; Japanese: Shan Kou Cheng Tai Lang /yamaguchi seitarou) was deployed to Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu province. When he left the ruined city in 1939, he collected a handful of seeds of a local purple flower blossoming at the foot of Zijin Mountain and brought them back to Japan. He named the flower Zijin Grass, also known as Chinese violet cress and February orchid.
Yamaguchi sent the seeds as gifts to friends and family members and suggested them to plant the seeds in their backyards. In over two decades, every year he would take a train and throw the seeds out of window in hopes of letting these little wild violet-like flowers bloom across Japan.
At the 1985 World Horticultural Exposition in Tsukuba, Japan, Yamaguchi's son donated 1 million seeds and told his father's story to visitors from worldwide. Since then, the flower has been dubbed as "the flower of peace". Its moral is: "Remember history; cherish peace".Inspired by the story, Haozheng Pei created several purple flower models and placed them near a bronze statue in the Memorial Hall in the 2000s. These models were noticed by the Memorial Hall and thus became one of its official collections as well as cultural and creative designs.
Influence
The Zijin Grass tutorials, posters, and related documentaries have received over 170 million of views online.
Many Zijin Grass collection boxes are placed in public places including schools, hotels, communities, cultural exhibition venues, subway stations, etc.
The origami has been folded by many international pacifists from Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, the United States, etc.
Honors
In 2021, a related project titled "The Zijin Grass in Bloom" and a series of "The Zijin Grass Cultural and Creative Products", both developed by the Memorial Hall, were respectively selected as the China Excellent Cultural, Social and Educational Project and the China Top 100 Cultural and Creative Products.
References
Other websites
Zijin Grass tutorial featured in China Culture
Zijin Grass featured on the official website of the Memorial Hall (in Chinese)
Origami
George Haigh

George Haigh (26 June 1915 - 23 April 2019) was an English professional footballer. He is known for his association with Stockport County. At the age of 103, he was the oldest surviving former County player.
He was said to be the oldest surviving former professional footballer, although Arthur Smith was one month older.
References
1915 births
2019 deaths
British military personnel of World War II
British centenarians
English footballers
English football managers
Powerbomb

This page explains different types of powerbombs in professional wrestling.
Gutwrench powerbomb
This maneuver has a wrestler tuck an opponent's head in-between their legs, hook their arms lift them up, turning them in mid-air, and slam them down to the mat (ring).
Professional wrestling moves