pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Word

A word is something spoken by the mouth, that can be pronounced. Also, words are using in writing. In alphabetic writing, a word is a collection of letters. The word then communicates a meaning. These can also usually be pronounced. A logogram is also a word.
Some words have more than one meaning, for example 'spring' can refer to the season, the device, or a conjugation of the verb. These are homonyms. Some words have different pronunciation, for example, 'wind' (the noun) and 'wind' (the verb) are pronounced differently.
Some words have different spelling - for example 'color' and 'colour', which are both correct. 'Color' is used in American English and 'colour' is used in British English. Some words can be only one letter, for example "a" and "I" in English. Besides English, all other languages have their own words. When written with an alphabet, words are usually separated by a space. When written with ideograms, each word is usually a separate symbol.
Words can be invented. This is called neologism. For example, radar was originally an acronym but became an actual word. Two words may be joined to make a compound word.
Fuller definition
A word is the smallest thing which can be said with meaning. For example, hello is a word.
This contrasts with a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of meaning but may not stand on its own. A word may consist of a single morpheme (for example: oh!, rock, red, quick, run, expect), or several (rocks, redness, quickly, running, unexpected), whereas a morpheme may not be able to stand on its own as a word (in the words just given, these are -s, -ness, -ly, -ing, un-, -ed).
The meaning of a word can be found in a dictionary.
Related pages
Lexeme
Parts of speech
Heteronym -- when two different words have the same spelling
More reading
Basic English 850 words
Red Auerbach

Arnold Jacob "Red" Auerbach (September 20, 1917 - October 28, 2006) was an American professional basketball coach and executive.
He served as a head coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA), most notably with the Boston Celtics.
He was also the head coach of the Washington Capitols and Tri-Cities Blackhawks.
References
1917 births
2006 deaths
National Basketball Association coaches
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Philip King (Australian politician)

Philip Gidley King (31 October 1817 - 5 August 1904) was an Australian pastoralist and politician from the colony of New South Wales. He served as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1880 until his death in 1904. He was also the first mayor of Tamworth from 1876 to 1880.
King was born in Parramatta, New South Wales. His parents were Harriet (nee Lethbridge) and Phillip Parker King. His father was an explorer, Royal Navy officer and politician. He was named after his grandfather, also Philip Gidley King, the third governor of New South Wales.
King married Elizabeth Macarthur in 1843. The couple had four children. He died of heart disease in Double Bay, Sydney, on 5 August 1904. He was 86.
References
1817 births
1904 deaths
Australian mayors
Politicians from Sydney
Ly-Fontaine

Ly-Fontaine is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Aisne department'
Other websites
Communes in Aisne
Zephania Arinaitwe

Zephania Arinaitwe was born on 4 December, 2001. He is a cricketer from Uganda. In September 2018, he was put on Uganda's team for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. He started to play Twenty20 for Uganda in 2018. He is right handed.
Other websites
2001 births
Living people
Ugandan cricketers
Guiry-en-Vexin

Guiry-en-Vexin is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Abdul Khaliq Hazara

Abdul Khaliq Hazara was the murderer of Muhammad Nadir Shah, the king of Afghanistan.
Birth and identity
Abdul Khaliq Hazara was born in year 1916 in a family of Hazara ethnic group in Kabul Afghanistan.
References
Hazara people
People from Kabul
Ernesto Nieto

Ernesto Nieto (born October 6, 1940) is the creator of the National Hispanic Institute. He has served as President since the organization's creation in 1979.
Biography
Ernesto Nieto was born in Houston, Texas. He went to Jefferson Davis High School and entered the University of Houston on an athletic scholarship. Nieto later went to Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Education in 1964 with a specialization in special education. After working on his graduate degree at the University of Houston, he served in various management jobs in both the state and federal government.
References
Writers from Houston
Living people
1940 births
Forest of the Gods

Forest of the Gods () is a 2005 Lithuanian World War II drama movie directed by Algimantas Puipa and based on the 1957 novel of the same name by Balys Sruoga. It stars Valentinas Masalskis, Steven Berkoff, Liubomiras Laucevicius, Rolandas Boravskis, Sarunas Puidokas, Robertas Urbonas, Saulius Mykolaitis and Monika Biciunaite.
Other websites
2005 drama movies
2000s war movies
Lithuanian movies
British drama movies
World War II movies
Movies set in Lithuania
Kenya Colony

The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya, commonly known as British Kenya, was part of the British Empire in Africa. It was created when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British Crown colony in 1920.
References
Kenya
British Empire
Former colonies in Africa
Williamsport, Pennsylvania

Williamsport is a city in, and the county seat of, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States. In 2019, 28,186 people lived here.
References
Cities in Pennsylvania
County seats in Pennsylvania
San Luis Province

San Luis is a province of Argentina. The Pampa de las Salinas is a great salt lake in the province. The Sierra de las Quijadas National Park is here.
Transportation
The railway system reached San Luis in the year 1875.
Mining
Mining is mostly for construction materials such as limestone and marble. There is also mining for tungsten, uranium and salt.
References
Provinces of Argentina
Orthacanthus

Orthacanthus was an ancient, fresh-water shark that had a long spine growing from the back of its skull. It had a very long dorsal fin, which ran all along the sharks back, giving it an eel-like appearance.
Orthacanthus was the terror of freshwater swamps and bayous in Europe and North America. Its body reached nearly 10 feet (3 meters) in length and its powerful jaws were lined with double-fanged teeth.
Orthacanthus lived from roughly 280 million years ago, from the Pennsylvanian period through the Permian period. They were around before the dinosaurs evolved.
Extinct fish
Sharks
Vices & Virtues

Vices & Virtues is the third full-length studio album from Panic! at the Disco. It was released on March 18, 2011 under Fueled By Ramen and Decaydance Records. The album was produced and mixed by music engineers Butch Walker and John Feldmann. The album peaked at number seven on the Billboard 200 albums chart and number five on the Billboard Digital Albums chart. The lead single off the album, "The Ballad of Mona Lisa", was released on February 1, 2011. The single peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The second single off the album, titled "Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)", was released on June 6, 2011. It peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart.
The album has a different sound than their previous two studio album releases A Fever You Can't Sweat Out (2005) and Pretty. Odd. (2008). That is because two group members had left, and because of the amount of time between the releases of Vices and Pretty. Odd. The album has elements from the band's debut album. It has heavy use of synthesizers and guitars. The track "Mona Lisa" returns to the idea of the band's first single "I Write Sins, Not Tragedies", which had heavier guitar and rock influences.
The song "Let's Kill Tonight" was released in the United Kingdom for the band's 2012 Spring Vices & Virtues Tour. A music video was uploaded on February 10, 2012 on the Fueled By Ramen official YouTube channel with a minute and ten seconds of the band performing the song live in London.
Release
Vices & Virtues was released March 22, 2011 in the United States, Brazil, and Canada. It was released on other dates in other countries. The record debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, with first-week sales of 56,000 copies in the United States. This is very different from the group's previous effort, Pretty. Odd., which debuted without much commercial attention in 2008, with first-week sales of 139,000. The album also came in at #2 on Neilson SoundScan Alternative Albums chart and #5 on the Digital Albums ranking.
Track listing
"The Ballad of Mona Lisa"
"Let's Kill Tonight"
"Hurricane"
"Memories"
"Trade Mistakes"
"Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)"
"Always"
"The Calendar"
"Sarah Smiles"
"Nearly Witches (Ever Since We Met...)"
"New Perspective" (bonus track from the soundtrack of the 2009 horror film Jennifer's Body)
Bonus tracks
"Oh Glory" (demo version)
"Stall Me"
"I Wanna Be Free"
"Bittersweet"
"Turn Off The Lights"
"Kaleidoscope Eyes"
"The Ballad of Mona Lisa" (radio edit)
References
2011 albums
Panic! at the Disco albums
Republic Records

Republic Records is an American record label. It is a subsidiary of the Universal Motown Records Group.
Its recording artists include 3 Doors Down, Chumbawamba, Eiffel 65, and Godsmack.
American record labels
Aron Afshar

Aron Afshar (born June 22, 1998 in Mashhad) is an Iranian pop singer and composer.
References
1998 births
Iranian musicians
Iranian singers
Iranian composers
People from Mashhad
Huxley family

The Huxley family is an English family. Members of the family had top careers in science, medicine, art, and literature. Some family members were also high level public servants in the United Kingdom.
Thomas Henry Huxley (THH) was the oldest male in the family. He was a zoologist and comparative anatomist. He was one of Charles Darwin's main supporters.
Thomas had several grandsons including Aldous, Julian, and Andrew. Aldous Huxley wrote the books Brave New World and Doors of Perception. Julian Huxley studied evolution, wrote Evolution: the New Synthesis, and was the first director of UNESCO. Andrew Huxley was a Nobel prize winning physiologist and was appointed to the Order of Merit. Thomas and Andrew both served as President of the Royal Society, a century apart.
Many of their relatives succeeded in other walks of life.
Family tree
Related pages
Darwin-Wedgwood family
Carbon-14

Carbon-14 is an isotope of the element carbon, so named because it has an atomic mass of 14. It has an atomic nucleus containing 8 neutrons and 6 protons. 6 is the Atomic number for all carbon isotopes. Carbon-14 is also called "carbon 14" or "radiocarbon", or in symbols: 14C, or 146C, or C14.
Carbon 14 is the only radioactive isotope of carbon found in nature. It is generated in the Earth's atmosphere by Cosmic rays and decays with a Half-life of about 5700 years. This long half life makes Carbon 14 exist for enough time to be detected. Other isotopes of carbon are either stable, or have a short half life.
The amount of carbon 14 that remains after the death of a living thing is a measure of that time. This is useful for as long as 60,000 years. This measurement is radiocarbon dating.
Neutrons in cosmic rays collide with nitrogen in the atmosphere and the collision produces carbon 14 and hydrogen. Plants and other living things take up carbon in the carbon cycle. When a thing dies, there is no source of carbon, and the carbon 14 in the body decays to nitrogen (and also to electrons, antineutrinos, and gamma rays).
Isotopes
Carbon
Lapeer, Kansas

Lapeer is a ghost town in Douglas County, in the U.S. state of Kansas.
History
Lapeer was created in 1855 on the Santa Fe Trail route. The community was named after Lapeer, Michigan. The Lapeer post office closed in 1902.
References
Ghost towns in Kansas
Arrondissement of Gourdon

The arrondissement of Gourdon is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Lot departement in the Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Gourdon.
History
When the arrondissements were created on 17 February 1800, Figeac was one of them in the Lot department.
Geography
It is the smallest arrondissement of the department, with an area of . It is also the arrondissement with fewer people living there, with 43,372 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The arrondissement is bordered to the north by the by the Correze (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) department, to the east by the arrondissement of Figeac, to the south by the arrondissement of Cahors and to the west by the Dordogne (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) department.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Gourdon, there are four cantons where not all their "communes" are in the arrondissement; the other two cantons are completely within the arrondissement. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and arrondissements:
Communes
The arrondissement of Gourdon has 81 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Alvignac (46003)
Anglars-Nozac (46006)
Baladou (46016)
Le Bastit (46018)
Betaille (46028)
Bio (46030)
Cales (46047)
Caniac-du-Causse (46054)
Carennac (46058)
Carlucet (46059)
Cavagnac (46065)
Cazillac (46067)
Coeur-de-Causse (46138)
Concores (46072)
Condat (46074)
Couzou (46078)
Cressensac (46083)
Creysse (46084)
Cuzance (46086)
Degagnac (46087)
Fajoles (46098)
Floirac (46106)
Frayssinet (46113)
Gignac (46118)
Ginouillac (46121)
Gourdon (46127)
Gramat (46128)
Lacave (46144)
Lachapelle-Auzac (46145)
Lamothe-Cassel (46151)
Lamothe-Fenelon (46152)
Lanzac (46153)
Lavercantiere (46164)
Lavergne (46165)
Leobard (46169)
Loupiac (46178)
Lunegarde (46181)
Martel (46185)
Masclat (46186)
Mayrac (46337)
Meyronne (46192)
Miers (46193)
Milhac (46194)
Montamel (46196)
Montfaucon (46204)
Montvalent (46208)
Nadaillac-de-Rouge (46209)
Padirac (46213)
Payrac (46215)
Payrignac (46216)
Peyrilles (46219)
Pinsac (46220)
Les Quatre-Routes-du-Lot (46232)
Rampoux (46234)
Reilhaguet (46236)
Rignac (46238)
Le Roc (46239)
Rocamadour (46240)
Rouffilhac (46241)
Saint-Chamarand (46253)
Saint-Cirq-Madelon (46257)
Saint-Cirq-Souillaguet (46258)
Saint-Clair (46259)
Saint-Denis-les-Martel (46265)
Saint-Germain-du-Bel-Air (46267)
Saint-Michel-de-Bannieres (46283)
Saint-Projet (46290)
Saint-Sozy (46293)
Salviac (46297)
Sarrazac (46298)
Seniergues (46304)
Soucirac (46308)
Souillac (46309)
Soulomes (46310)
Strenquels (46312)
Thedirac (46316)
Thegra (46317)
Ussel (46323)
Uzech (46324)
Vayrac (46330)
Le Vigan (46334)
The communes with more of 1,000 inhabitants in the arrondissement are:
Related pages
Arrondissements of the Lot department
Communes of the Lot department
References
Gourdon
Padlock

A padlock is a type of portable lock that has a U-shaped shackle that will not come apart from the body of the lock unless the correct key is inserted or the correct combination is dialed. The U-shape of the lock allows for a wide variety of uses. Typically the padlock is used to lock two things together, for example, a door and its frame, two or more chains, or a chain and a fixed object. Padlocks are not recommended for high-security applications because the shackle is easily cut with a bolt cutter or hacksaw. Some newer padlocks have hardened boron alloy shackles or shrouded (hidden or covered) shackles to make them more difficult to cut.
Construction
The combination padlock is usually made with a metal "can" with three tumblers inside connected to a dial on the front. The mechanism is very similar to combination locks used in safes. When the correct combination is entered, the notches on the tumblers line up and allow a latch to fall into the notches, releasing the shackle. Combination locks of this type are not recommended for outdoor use because they can fill up with rain water which causes them to rust.
Some padlocks have a laminated body, constructed from a series of metal plates that are riveted together.
The shackle of most padlocks is made from hardened steel, although more expensive padlocks may have boron alloy steels to make them more difficult to cut. Inexpensive padlocks usually have a shackle made of ordinary steel. Corrosion-resistant padlocks usually have a brass or stainless steel shackle although these materials have low hardness and are easily cut with bolt-cutters. The material that the shackle is made of is usually stamped in the center of the shackle. For example, a hardened steel shackle will be stamped "HARDENED" or a boron alloy shackle will be stamped "BORON ALLOY". Alloy steels with appropriate heat treating provide much higher cutting resistance to bolt-cutters. Alloy steel shackles are plated with another metal such as nickel or chrome to protect them from rust. The body of the padlock is usually also plated. Brass and stainless steel padlocks do not need plating, although they are sometimes plated anyway for appearance.
Stamp on shackle
The stamp on the shackle indicates what material it is made of. The most common are:
Hardened - Hardened steel, most common
Case hard - Also hardened steel, found on older padlocks
Stainless - Stainless steel
Boron alloy - Boron alloy steel
Boron carbide - Found on Master Lock Magnum.
Special alloy - Found on some Abus padlocks
Molybdenum - Molybdenum alloy steel
Unstamped - Normal steel (when silver) or brass (when gold)
Common uses
School and gym lockers
Cabinets
Self-storage
Gates
Shed doors
Windows
Vending machines
Truck doors
Bicycles and motorcycles
Safety switches
Storage boxes
Refrigerators and freezers
Garage doors
Trailers
Toolboxes
Small cash boxes
Manufacturers
Master Lock
Abloy
Abus
American Lock
CJSJ
Medeco
ASSA
Sargent and Greenleaf
Brinks
Wordlock
Locks
Spotsylvania County, Virginia

Spotsylvania County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, 122,397 people lived there. Its county seat is Spotsylvania Courthouse.
History
Spotsylvania County was founded in 1721 from parts of Essex, King and Queen, and King William counties.
Census-designated places
Lake Wilderness
Spotsylvania Courthouse (county seat)
References
18th-century establishments in Virginia
1720s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
1721 establishments
Virginia counties
Boris Shcherbina

Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina (; 5 October 1919 - 22 August 1990) was a Ukrainian Soviet politician. He was a vice-chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union from 1984 to 1989. He was in charge of Soviet crisis management of two major catastrophes: the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and the 1988 Armenian earthquake.
References
1919 births
1990 deaths
Soviet politicians
Arboga

Arboga is an urban area in the county of Vastmanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Arboga Municipality.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Settlements in Vastmanland County
R. J. Umberger

Richard Alan "R. J." Umberger, Jr. (born May 3, 1982) is a former American professional ice hockey center. In the National Hockey League (NHL) Umberger has played for the Philadelphia Flyers and he has also played for the Columbus Blue Jackets.
He was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks with the 16th overall pick in the 2001 NHL Draft but did not play a game with them. He also played for Philadelphia Flyers from 2004 to 2008. He played college hockey at Ohio State University. On June 23, 2014, Umberger was traded back to the Philadelphia Flyers along with a 2015 4th round draft pick for Scott Hartnell.
References
Other websites
1982 births
American Hockey League players
American ice hockey centers
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Living people
Philadelphia Flyers players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
United States Hockey League players
Phoney War

The Phoney War was a name for the eight months during World War II from Poland being invaded in September 1939 to France being invaded in May 1940.
During that time, there were no important military operations in Europe. The United Kingdom and French declared war and a blockade against Nazi Germany. Also, Germany did likewise by beginning the Battle of the Atlantic, and German submarines destroyed many Allied ships. The British Royal Air Force dropped propaganda leaflets on Germany, and Canadian troops began to arrive in Britain.
In April 1940, Germany invaded Denmark and Norway. Both sides began to fight each other strongly again. Britain and France needed many weapons quickly and so they began to buy them from American weapon companies. The Americans remained neutral but helped Britain and France by selling weapons cheaply and then by Lend-Lease of military equipment and supplies.
1939 in Europe
1940 in Europe
1940s in France
World War II
Plague of Athens

The Plague of Athens was an epidemic which hit the city-state of Athens in ancient Greece during the second year of the Peloponnesian War (430 BC), when an Athenian victory still seemed possible. Many historians believe that it entered Athens through Piraeus, the city's port and sole source of food and supplies. The city-state of Sparta, and much of the eastern Mediterranean, was also struck by the disease. The plague returned twice more, in 429 BC and in the winter of 427/6 BC.
References
Gomme, A. W., edited by A. Andrewes and K. J. Dover. An Historical Commentary on Thucydides, Volume 5. Book VIII Oxford University Press, 1981. .
McNeill, William H. Plagues and People. New York: Anchor Books, 1976. .
Papagrigorakis, Manolis J., Christos Yapijakis, Philippos N. Synodinos, and Effie Baziotopoulou-Valavani. "DNA examination of ancient dental pulp incriminates typhoid fever as a probable cause of the Plague of Athens," International Journal of Infectious Diseases 10 (2006): 206-214. ISSN 1201-9712.
Pomeroy, Sarah B., Spartan Women Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. .
Zinsser, Hans. Rats, Lice and History: A Chronicle of Pestilence and Plagues. Originally published in Boston in 1935, later edition in 1963. Most recent edition 1996, Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, New York. .
Other websites
Access to International Journal of Infectious Disease/Article
History of the Peloponnesian War ii, 47-55 .
Live Science article Accessed January 23, 2006.
Women in Classical Athens
Infectious diseases
Ancient Athens
Median voter theorem

The median voter theorem is a theorem from political economics: Suppose there are two parties: One is a left-wing party, the other is a right-wing party. Voters either vote for the left-wing party L, or the right-wing party R. In an election, L has an interest to shift its position towards the middle, so that it can get voters from the other party R. Similarly, R has an interest to shift its position towards the middle, so it can get voters from L.
Economics theorems
2021 Barbadian presidential election

The 2021 Barbadian presidential election was held on 20 October 2021 to choose the first President of Barbados. Sandra Mason, the incumbent Governor-General of Barbados, was elected President. She replaced Queen Elizabeth II as head of state of Barbados. She was sworn in on 30 November 2021.
Candidates
Barbados
Politics of Barbados
Elections in North America
History of Barbados
2021 elections
Rabie Ablak

Rabie Ablak, or Rabie Al-Ablak (born 1987), is a Moroccan journalist. He is a part of the Hirak Rif Movement. He has been on hunger strike to protest his detention and inhumane treatment.
Some of his hunger strikes lasted more than 40 days; he was taken to hospital several times for treatment. The total of his hunger strikes are more than 284 days.
Career
He was a writer for the electronic newspaper Badil, founded by Hamid El Mahdaoui, in the town of Al Hoceima, where he had a part in the Popular Rif movement along with Nasser Zafzafi.
Rabie was arrested on 28 May 2017, in the town of Al Hoceima.
According to Amnesty International, he was tortured.
He was sentenced to five years' of prison in Tangier II prison. On 6 September 2019, he began a new hunger strike.
References
Moroccan writers
Journalists
1987 births
Linden, Alabama

Linden is a city in and the county seat of Marengo County, Alabama, United States. The population was 2,424 at the 2000 census.
Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Alan Young

Alan Young (November 19, 1919 - May 19, 2016) was a British-born Canadian-American actor, comedian, radio host and television host. He is best known for his role as Wilbur Post in Mister Ed, and as the voice of Scrooge McDuck in many Disney television shows and animated movies. He won an Emmy Award in 1950.
Young was born on November 19, 1919 in North Shields, Northumberland, England. He was raised in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was married to Mary Anne Grimes from 1941 until they divorced in 1947. Then he was married to Virginia McCurdy from 1948 until they divorced in 1995. With Grimes he had two children and with McCurdy he had two. He was then married to his third wife Mary Chipman from 1996 to 1997.
On May 19, 2016, Young died in Woodland Hills, California at the age of 96.
References
Other websites
1919 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Edinburgh
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian radio actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Disney actors
Emmy Award winning actors
English radio actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
Arsanjan County

Arsanjan County () is a county in Fars Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Arsanjan. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 40,916, in 9,800 families. The county has one district: the Central District. The county has one city: Arsanjan.
References
Counties of Iran
Fars Province
Widehem

Widehem is a commune. It is found in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Haut-Rhin department
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Banks Peninsula (New Zealand electorate)

Banks Peninsula is an electorate of the New Zealand House of Representatives. It was created in 1996, abolished in 2008 and recreated in 2020.
Election results
References
New Zealand electorates
Ewan McGregor

Ewan Gordon McGregor (born 31 March 1971) is a Scottish actor who has had a lot of success in both mainstream and indie movies. He is ranked #36 in Empire magazine's "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time" list. He played the lead role in Danny Boyle's Trainspotting, Obi-Wan Kenobi in the prequel trilogy of Star Wars, and in his motorcycle adventures with friend Charley Boorman.
McGregor starred as Christopher Robin in the 2018 Disney movie Christopher Robin. He also starred as the villain Black Mask in the 2020 DCEU movie Birds of Prey.
McGregor lives in Los Angeles, California. He also has a home in North London, England.
Filmography
Television
The Scarlet and the Black (1993)
Lipstick On Your Collar (1993)
Tales from the Crypt - Cold War (1996)
ER (1997)
Long Way Round (2004)
[[Long Way Down (TV series)|Long Way Down]]'' (2007)
Discography
"TV Eye" Single (Soundtrack for movie Velvet Goldmine Cover version of original song by The Stooges - 1998)
"Gimme Danger" Single (Soundtrack for movie Velvet Goldmine Cover version of original song by The Stooges - 1998)
"Come What May" Single (Duet with Nicole Kidman - October 2001) UK #27
"Your Song" single
"Elephant Love Medley" Single (Duet with Nicole Kidman - October 2001)
References
Other websites
Ewan McGregor to star in "Othello" at the Donmar Warehouse on Theatre.com
1971 births
Living people
British television producers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
People from Perth and Kinross
John Ridley (footballer)

John Ridley (27 April 1952 - 3 May 2020) was an English footballer. He had a twelve-year professional career in the English Football League. He played for Port Vale and Chesterfield, as well as Leicester City.
He also played for non-league Stafford Rangers and for American side Fort Lauderdale Strikers.
Ridley was born in Consett, County Durham. He died on 3 May 2020, aged 68.
References
1952 births
2020 deaths
English footballers
Sportspeople from County Durham
Courchapoix

Courchapoix is a municipality of the district of Delemont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Information about Courchapoix in the Juranet
Municipalities of Jura
Zinc nitrate

Zinc nitrate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Zn(NO3)2. It contains zinc and nitrate ions.
Properties
Zinc nitrate is a colorless solid. It dissolves in water. It reacts with bases to make zinc hydroxide. It reacts with sodium carbonate to make zinc carbonate.
Preparation
It can be made by reacting zinc metal or zinc oxide with nitric acid.
Uses
It can be used as a mordant. It is also used as a source of zinc ions.
Related pages
Zinc sulfate
Zinc sulfide
Nitrogen compounds
Zinc compounds
Sweet Genius

Sweet Genius is a reality-themed television cooking competition series that airs on Food Network. It is hosted by pastry chef Ron Ben-Israel. It started on September 9, 2011. It is similar to Chopped in that four confectionery and pastry chefs compete in three rounds on the show: Frozen, Baked, and Chocolate. After each round, one chef is eliminated until one chef is left. The winning chef wins $10,000. In each round, there are two ingredients that the chefs must use along with an inspiration that they must base their dish on. The first ingredient that they must use and the inspiration are shown at the beginning of the round, while the second ingredient is shown in the middle of the round. Sometimes, there will be three ingredients. Each round has a limited amount of time that the chefs must make their dish in. There are 40 minutes for the first round, 50 minutes for the second round, and 60 minutes for the final round. After each round, Ben-Israel tastes and gives his thoughts on each chef's dish, and then eliminates one chef.
References
Other websites
Official website
American reality television series
Food Network
2011 American television series debuts
English-language television programs
Saint-Algis

Saint-Algis is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Henry Bolte

Henry Bolte (20 May 1908 - 4 January 1990) was Premier of Victoria from 1955 until 1972, he received criticism for refusing to commute Ronald Ryan's death sentence, this cost him support, allowing Dick (Rupert) Hamer to become the 39th Premier of Victoria.
Birth
Bolte was born on 20 May 1908 in Ballarat, Australia.
Death penalty controversy
When Ronald Ryan was sentenced to death, Henry Bolte supported this and said it would go on no matter what, which made him unpopular, he was compared to the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler.
Drink driving controversy
On 24 March 1984, Bolte was involved in a serious head-on accident when he was driving home after an evening in the local hotel near his property at Bamganie.
1908 births
1990 deaths
Premiers of Victoria
People from Ballarat
Sandra Schilling

Sandra Schilling (born 26 June 1989) is a German water polo player. She was part of the German women's national water polo team in the 2009 World Aquatics Championships, and 2009 FINA Women's Water Polo World League.
References
Other websites
Women's WP World League (Bochum, Day 2): Greece loses first game, but is already in the Super Final | fina.org - Official FINA website. www.fina.org
1989 births
Living people
German water polo players
Passivation (chemistry)

In physical chemistry and engineering, passivation, refers to a material that becomes less affected by corrosion. Passivation involves making an outer layer out of a material that is less affected by corrosion. The material is put on as a microcoating. Passivation can only occur in certain conditions. It is used in microelectronics.
References
Metallurgy
Esteban Cambiasso

Esteban Cambiasso (born 18 August 1980) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Leicester City and the Argentinian national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Independiente||rowspan="3"|Primera Division||27||3||||||||||27||3
|-
|1999/00||36||6||||||||||36||6
|-
|2000/01||35||5||||||||||35||5
|-
|2001/02||River Plate||Primera Division||37||12||||||||||37||12
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Real Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||24||0||||||9||0||33||0
|-
|2003/04||17||0||||||5||0||22||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="6"|Serie A||30||2||3||0||11||0||44||2
|-
|2005/06||34||5||3||1||10||0||47||6
|-
|2006/07||21||3||4||1||2||1||27||5
|-
|2007/08||33||6||1||0||8||2||42||8
|-
|2008/09||35||4||3||1||8||0||46||5
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
135||26||||||||||135||26
41||0||||||14||0||55||0
153||20||14||3||39||3||206||26
329||46||14||3||53||3||396||52
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||5||0
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
|2005||10||1
|-
|2006||7||1
|-
|2007||13||1
|-
|2008||5||1
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||46||4
|}
References
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Lindesbergs VBK

Lindesbergs VBK is a volleyball club in Lindesberg, Sweden. It was established in 1971. The club won the Swedish women's national championship in 2012
References
Other websites
Official website
1971 establishments in Sweden
Volleyball clubs in Sweden
Sweet and Sour (movie)

Sweet and Sour () is a 1963 French Italian comedy movie directed by Jacques Baratier and starring Guy Bedos, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Jean Babilee, Claude Brasseur, Anna Karina, Sophie Daumier, Jacques Dufilho, Simone Signoret, Francoise Brion, Roger Vadim, Pascale Roberts.
Other websites
1963 comedy movies
French comedy movies
Italian comedy movies
Movies directed by Jacques Baratier
Will Hodgman

William Edward Felix Hodgman (born 20 April 1969) is an Australian politician. He was the 45th Premier of Tasmania from 31 March 2014 to 20 January 2020. He was a member for the Division of Franklin in the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 2002 to 2020. In March 2018, he became the longest-serving leader in the history of the Tasmanian Liberals.
References
1969 births
Living people
Premiers of Tasmania
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Politicians from Hobart
University of Tasmania alumni
Warm Springs, Georgia

Warm Springs is a city in Meriwether County, Georgia, United States. The population was 425 at the 2010 census, but the United States Census Bureau predicted the population as 405 in 2019.
References
Spa towns in the United States
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Accelerometer

An accelerometer is a device used to measure proper acceleration, which is the acceleration it experiences in relation to freefall, and is the acceleration felt by people and objects. Accelerometers are commonly made up of piezoelectric, piezoresistive or capacitive components. Here are some examples of what accelerometers are used for:
As a component of inertial navigation systems for aircraft and missiles.
Detecting and monitoring vibration in rotating machinery.
Making sure images on the screens of phones, tablets and digital cameras are always displayed upright.
Making the flight of drones more stable.
Coordinated accelerometers can be used to measure differences in proper acceleration, especially gravity, over their separation in space, such as the gradient of the gravitational field. This gravity gradiometry is useful because absolute gravity is a weak effect and depends on the local density of the Earth, which can constantly change.
Machines
Measuring tools
Rosalynn Carter

Eleanor Rosalynn Carter (nee Smith; August 18, 1927) is an American activist and writer who had served as First Lady of the United States from 1977 to 1981 as the wife of the 39th President of the United States, Jimmy Carter. She had also served as First Lady of Georgia from 1971 to 1975 when her husband was Governor of Georgia.
First Lady
When her husband was Governor of Georgia, she served as First Lady of Georgia from 1971 to 1975.
She was active in politics during her White House years, she sat in on Cabinet and policy meetings and also, serving as her husband's closest adviser.
Envoy Abroad
She also served as an envoy abroad, most notably to Latin America.
Early life
She was born in Plains, Georgia.
She was the eldest of the four children of Allethea "Allie" Murray Smith (1905-2000) and Wilburn Edgar Smith (1896-1940). Rosalynn's father died of leukemia when she was 13.
Education
She attended Plains High School and graduated salutatorian.
After completing her schooling, she studied at Georgia Southwestern College, Americus, Georgia.
Marriage
On July 7, 1946, she and Jimmy Carter were married.
Health
In late May 2023, the Carter Center announced that Carter had been diagnosed with dementia.
References
1927 births
Living people
American Baptists
First Ladies of the United States
Jimmy Carter
People from Plains, Georgia
20th-century American people
21st-century American people
American autobiographers
American essayists
American feminists
American human rights activists
American political writers
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Methodists
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Richard Nixon
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Tim Gunn

Timothy MacKenzie Gunn (born July 29, 1953) is an American fashion consultant, television personality, actor, voice actor and author. He served on the faculty of Parsons The New School for Design from 1982 to 2007 and was chair of fashion design at the school from August 2000 to March 2007, after which he joined Liz Claiborne as its chief creative officer. Over 16 seasons Gunn has become well known as the on-air mentor to designers on the reality television program Project Runway. Gunn's popularity on Project Runway led to two spin-off shows, Bravo's Tim Gunn's Guide to Style and Lifetime's Under the Gunn, as well as five books. In addition to being an executive producer, Gunn has served as mentor for the teen designers on Project Runway: Junior. He also provides the voice of Baileywick, the castle steward in the Disney Junior television show Sofia the First and narrated the sitcom Mixology.
Other websites
1959 births
Living people
American television personalities
American fashion designers
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
LGBT actors
American LGBT people
Gay men
Lotte Lenya

Lotte Lenya (born Karoline Wilhelmine Charlotte Blamauer; 18 October 1898 - 27 November 1981) was an Austrian-American singer, and actress.
She sang Kurt Weill's songs. He was her first husband. She married him twice.
In English-language cinema, she was nominated for an Academy Award for playing an aristocrat in The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1961).
Her performance as the murderous and sadistic Rosa Klebb in the James Bond movie From Russia with Love (1963) is famous.
References
1898 births
1981 deaths
Actors from Vienna
Actors who played Bond villains
American movie actors
American musical theatre actors
Actors from New York City
Austrian movie actors
Austrian singers
Austrian stage actors
Cancer deaths in New York City
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Singers from New York City
Play Misty for Me

Play Misty for Me is a 1971 American psychological thriller movie directed by first time director Clint Eastwood (who also stars) and also starring Jessica Walter, Donna Mills, John Larch, Irene Hervey, Clarice Taylor, Don Siegel. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Other websites
1971 thriller movies
American thriller movies
Movies directed by Clint Eastwood
Dreieich

Dreieich is a city in the Offenbach Rural District in the state of Hesse, Germany.
Geography
Dreieich is in the Rhine Main area. Its northern urban district Sprendlingen is south of Frankfurt. In the south it touches the City of Darmstadt. The whole area of the town is . It is above sea level. It is a plain area with no hills.
About 35 to 20 million years ago in the Age of Tertiary the whole region was lying under sea level. At that time it was covered by an ocean which was warm and not very deep. Lots of sediments sank to its bottom. Then the region rose again and the water left, leaving soil which is mostly sandy and poor.
The city consists out of the towns Dreieichenhain and Sprendlingen and the 3 former independent villages Buchschlag, Gotzenhain and Offenthal, all now urban districts of Dreieich. On 1 January 1977 they were united and became the City of Dreieich.
The name Dreieich means three oaks. This is a hint to the former landscape. In the Middle Ages the Dreieich area was a huge forest with a lot of wild animals, where only the emperor had the right of hunting.
The neighbours of Dreieich are:
Neu-Isenburg (North)
Rodermark, Dietzenbach and Heusenstamm (East)
Messel (Darmstadt-Dieburg Rural District) and Darmstadt (South)
Langen (West)
Dreieich has 40,432 inhabitants (2008).
The climate of the town is mild. There is less rain than in other parts of Germany.
Some local people are speaking a regional type (dialect) of the German language with a certain tone and special words. It is a Hessian dialect (German: Hessisch). This language type is related to other dialects in the south of Germany. In former times mostly every place had its own special dialect, sometimes hard to understand for people of other parts of Germany. Today the dialect speakers are a minority and the majority of them does not speak the real dialect. They rather speak a kind of regular German with a certain pronunciation.
History
In the 9th century the names of Sprendlingen and Offenthal were written down in documents for the first time. But people think, that especially Sprendlingen is much older because of its name. They say the name was given by the Alamanni, a band of west germanic tribes (see also: germanic peoples), which had settled in the area a long time before.
Formerly the people in the Dreieich area were mostly farmers and craftsmen but not tradesmen. Every family had land to grow their food. When the property was handed to the next generation it was divided within the children. Therefore, most families had only small farms and were poor. With the industrial revolution the Rhine Main area got lots of factories and developed to a center for metal working and leather manufacturing, also chemical processing. Many men got workmen and found a job in the factories and earned money. This increased living conditions partly.
Twinned cities
Montier-en-Der, France
Joinville, France
Bleiswijk, Netherlands
Oisterwijk, Netherlands
Stafford, Great Britain
References
Other websites
Official website of Dreieich, looked up on 17 January 2010, German.
, looked up on 17 January 2010, German.
Offenbach (district)
Night of the Long Knives

The Night of the Long Knives (German: ) or "Operation Hummingbird" () was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany. It happened between 30 June and 2 July 1934 when the Nazi regime executed at least 90 people and an estimated 200 for political reasons. Most of those killed were members of the "Storm Troopers" (SA) (German: ).
Adolf Hitler moved against the SA and its leader, Ernst Rohm, because he saw the independence of the SA and the penchant of its members for street violence as a direct threat to his power. Hitler also wanted to forestall any move by leaders of the Reichswehr, the German military, who both feared and despised the SA, to curtail his rule, especially since Rohm made no secret of his ambition to absorb the Reichswehr with himself at its head. Adolf Hitler also killed them because the were becoming difficult to control and he was worried that they would branch off and want independence to carry out more radical ideas.
Finally, Hitler used the purge to go against conservative critics of his regime, especially those loyal to Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen, and to settle scores with old enemies, such as Kurt von Schleicher. Ernst Rohm was arrested on June 30 by the SS (lead by Reichsfuhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler and deputy SS-Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich) and was killed by General Josef Sepp Dietrich,Theodor Eicke and Michael Lippert .
Other websites
The night of long Knives
1934
1930s in Germany
Sturmabteilung
Adolf Hitler
Heitor Canalli

Heitor Canalli (31 March 1910 - 21 July 1990) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
References
1907 births
1990 deaths
Brazilian footballers
Surfonds

Surfonds is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Dellinger effect

Solar flares are large bursts of energy coming from the sun. On Earth, these flares disrupt radio communication. In years when there are many such flares, the energy they release can charge what is known as the D-layer of the Ionosphere, up to about above the earth. This changes the way this layer reflects or absorbs short wave radio waves. This effect only occurs on the day-side of the earth (on the night-side, there's little radiation from the sun. The effect will atenuate signals with a frequency of up to 300 MHz. The phenomenon can last from several minutes, to several hours. In English, the effect is also called short wave fadeout.
Hans Mogel, a German physicist first discovered the effect, around 1930. John Howard Dellinger, an American telecommunications engineer, also described it, around 1935. For this reason, the effect is known as Delllinger effect, or Mogel-Dellinger effect today.
Physics
Radio
Stephen Cleobury

Sir Stephen Cleobury ( ; 31 December 1948 - 22 November 2019) was an English organist and Director of Music. He was known for his works with the Choir of King's College, Cambridge and the BBC Singers.
He was knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to choral music.
Cleobury died on 22 November 2019, in his hometown of York, North Yorkshire of cancer, aged 70.
References
Other websites
Stephen Cleobury Edition Peters
Biography of Stephen Cleobury (conductor) Bach-Cantatas
King's College (accessed November 2006)
Stephen Cleobury discography, AllMusic
Stephen Cleobury interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 4 July 2008 (video)
Stephen Cleobury interviewed by Barry Rose, 1987
Stephen Cleobury Biography at concertorganists.com
1948 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
English organists
British conductors
Writers from Kent
Oscar De Pellegrin

Oscar Ugo De Pellegrin is an Archer and shooter from Italy.
De Pellegrin has a spinal cord injury. He won several national and international awards with archery. In 2000 he participated for the first time in the Paralympic Summer Games. With the team he won gold, individually the bronze medal. In 2004 he was excluded from the prizes. At the Games in Beijing (2008) he won a bronze medal with the team.
References
Paralympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from Veneto
Archers
Sport shooters
Beaivi

Beaivi also called, Beiwe, Bievve, Beivve and Biejje, is the sun goddess in Sami mythology. She is the goddess of fertility and sanity. Beivve was often accompanied by her daughter, Beaivi-nieida (the sun maiden) in an enclosure of reindeer antlers.
Other websites
December 2003 Holidays- School of Seasons
Gods and goddesses
Showdown in Little Tokyo

Showdown in Little Tokyo is a 1991 American action movie directed by Mark L. Lester and starring Dolph Lundgren, Brandon Lee, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Tia Carrere, Rodney Kageyama, Ernie Lively, Renee Griffin. It was distributed by Warner Bros..
Other websites
1991 action movies
1990s buddy movies
1990s American action movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Mark L. Lester
Movies set in Los Angeles
Cocoon: The Return

Cocoon: The Return is a 1988 American science fiction comedy-drama movie directed by Daniel Petrie and is the sequel to the 1985 hit Cocoon. It stars Don Ameche, Wilford Brimley, Courteney Cox, Hume Cronyn, Jack Gilford, Steve Guttenberg, Barret Oliver, Jessica Tandy, Maureen Stapleton, Gwen Verdon and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1988 science fiction movies
1988 comedy-drama movies
1980s sequel movies
American science fiction movies
American comedy-drama movies
American sequel movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Daniel Petrie
Movies about healthcare