pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Train in Vain

"Train in Vain" is a 1980 song by British punk rock band The Clash and is the third and final single from their third studio album London Calling. In the United States the song was re-titled Train in Vain (Stand by Me) to avoid confusion with the Ben E. King song Stand by Me. It went to number 23 in the United States, number 26 in New Zealand and number 62 in Canada. It was sampled by alternative rock band Garbage for their single Stupid Girl.
Formats and track listings
"Train in Vain" was released in mainland Europe as a 33 rpm single in June 1980 (catalogue number CBS 8370) and included the tracks "Bankrobber" and "Rockers Galore... UK Tour". In the UK, "Train in Vain" was not released as a single at the time; only "Bankrobber" and "Rockers Galore... UK Tour" were released on a 7" single in August 1980 (catalogue number CBS 8323). The song was released in the US as a 10" white label promo in 1979 (catalogue number AS 749). The US commercial release of 12 February 1980 (catalogue number 50851) consisted of a 7" that included the track "London Calling". The 1991 UK re-release (catalogue number 657430 7) included the track "The Right Profile". The formats and track listings of "Train in Vain (Stand By Me)" are tabulated below:
References
1980 songs
Funk rock songs
Punk rock songs
The Clash songs
Manic Street Preachers songs
Annie Lennox songs
Dwight Yoakam songs
Third Eye Blind songs
Phalkot

Phalkot is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Most of the people are Awans with some Dhund Abbasis. Most of the people are poor and lead a simple life.
Location
Phalkot Malsa is located at 34deg 9' 40N 73deg 22' 30E and has a height of 1747 metres (5734 feet).
Subdivisions
The Union Council is subdivided into two areas Phalkot and Malsa, that include other settlements including Kutli Sehana Jandar Bari Buni Gali and Upri Kutli.
Language
The Hindko language is widely spoken throughout the area, Urdu being national language also understand and spoken here. English and Pashto is spoken and understood by some people
References
Union Councils of Abbottabad District
Pak Beng Dam

The Pak Beng Dam is a project to build a hydroelectric power plant and a dam on the Mekong river - inside Laos. Construction is scheduled to start in 2022, says website NS Energy.
As of November 2020, Laos is doing evaluations on potential (or possible) impact on the environment; at the same time Laos has [temporarily delayed, or] suspended the project [or other work on the project], media said in January 2021.
Laos "has already begun preparatory work for the 912-megawatt Pak Beng dam in the northern province of Oudomxay, according to an article in Seattle Times in 2016.
The project is going to be funded by the Chinese company, Datang Overseas Investment.
Lawsuit in Thailand
In 2021, a court of appeal in Thailand rejected an appeal for petition against the dam.
Previously, people living in eight Thai provinces along the Mekong River have been suing [since June 2017] state agencies [in Thailand] because they say that there wasn't enough public participation in planning for the Pak Beng hydropower dam, which is being built by Laos.
References
Dams in Asia
Buildings and structures in Thailand
Richard Bryan

Richard Hudson Bryan (born July 16, 1937) is an American attorney and politician. He served as the 25th Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada from 1983-89, and as a United States Senator from Nevada from 1989 to 2001. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Bryan was born in Washington, D.C. and graduated from the University of Nevada at Reno in 1959 where he was a member of Alpha Tau Omega. He earned his law degree from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 1963 he was admitted to the Nevada Bar.
References
1937 births
Living people
Governors of Nevada
United States senators from Nevada
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Luxiol

Luxiol is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Hohenzollern-Hechingen

Hohenzollern-Hechingen was a county and principality in southwestern Germany, part of what is now Baden-Wurttemberg. Its rulers were members of a branch of the senior Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern family.
History
The County of Hohenzollern-Hechingen was created in 1576, when the County of Hohenzollern was divided. The county was ruled as a part of the Holy Roman Empire. When the last count of Hohenzollern, Charles I of Hohenzollern (1512-1579) died, the territory was to be divided up between his three sons:
Eitel Frederick IV of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1545-1605)
Charles II of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1547-1606)
Christoph of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1552-1592)
Unlike the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg and Prussia, the Hohenzollerns of southwest Germany remained Roman Catholic. The County was raised to a principality in 1623.
The principality joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806 and was a member state of the German Confederation between 1815 and 1850. The democratic Revolution of 1848 was relatively successful in Hohenzollern, and on 16 May 1848, the Prince was forced to accept the constitution limiting his power. However, the conflict between monarch and democrats continued, and on 6 August, Hohenzollern was occupied by Prussian forces. On 7 December, 1849, Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Konstantin sold the country to his relative, King Frederick William IV of Prussia. On 12 March 1850, Hohenzollern-Hechingen officially became part of Prussia. Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, which also became part of Prussia in 1850, were called the Hohenzollernsche Lande .
Rulers
Counts of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1576-1623)
Eitel Friedrich IV (1576-1605)
Johann Georg (1605-1623) became Prince in 1623
Princes of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1623-1850)
Eitel Friedrich V. (1623-1661)
Philipp Christoph Friedrich (1661-1671)
Friedrich Wilhelm (1671-1735)
Friedrich Ludwig (1735-1750)
Josef Friedrich Wilhelm (1750-1798)
Hermann (1798-1810)
Friedrich (1810-1838)
Konstantin (1838-1850) died 1869 last male member in dynastic line
House of Hohenzollern
States of the Confederation of the Rhine
States of the Holy Roman Empire
States of the German Confederation
Former states in Germany
1576 establishments
1570s establishments in Europe
16th-century establishments in Germany
1850 disestablishments
19th-century disestablishments in Germany
1850s disestablishments in Europe
Jubilees

The book of Jubilees is an ancient book written in Hebrew. It is sometimes called the Lesser Genesis. It was known to early Christians and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church believes it to be a book of the Bible .
Old Testament
Ice sheet

An ice sheet is a large mass of glacier ice that covers an area of more than . It may also be called a continental glacier. There are two ice sheets in the world at the moment: in Antarctica and Greenland.
Ice sheets are larger than ice shelves or alpine glaciers. Masses of ice covering less than 50,000 km2 are called ice caps. The ice in an ice cap usually comes from a series of glaciers that drain into it.
The Antarctic ice sheet is the largest single mass of ice on Earth. It covers an area of almost 14 million km2 and contains 30 million km3 of ice. Around 90% of the fresh water on the Earth's surface is held in this ice sheet. If all of it were to melt, it would cause sea levels to rise by 58 metres. The ice sheet first formed in the early Oligocene. It retreated and advanced many times until the Pliocene, when it came to occupy almost all of Antarctica.
The Greenland ice sheet covers about 82% of the surface of Greenland. Satellite images from NASA show that it is melting at a rate of about 239 cubic kilometres (57.3 cubic miles) each year. If all of it melted, it would cause sea levels to rise by 7.2 metres. The ice sheet did not develop at all until the late Pliocene, but apparently developed very quickly. This had the unusual effect of allowing fossils of plants that once grew on present-day Greenland to be much better preserved than with the slowly forming Antarctic ice sheet.
References
Landforms
Kadiatou Holm Keita

Kadiatou Claudine Holm Keita, (born 6 September 2001), is a Swedish singer. She is a finalist in the Swedish singing competition on TV called Idol 2018. She will compete against another singer called Sebastian Wallden in Globen on 7 December 2018.
Kadiatou took part in Melodifestivalen 2021 with her song "One Touch", but failed to qualify for the final after placing sixth in the first semi-final.
References
Living people
2001 births
Singers from Stockholm
A Boy and a Girl (1966 movie)

A Boy and a Girl () is a 1966 Soviet drama movie directed by Yuliy Fayt. It stars Natalya Bogunova, Nikolay Burlyaev, and Antonina Bendova.
Actors
Natalya Bogunova as girl
Nikolay Burlyaev as boy
Antonina Bendova as Tanya
Tamara Konovalova as Nadya
Pavel Kormunin as game director
References
Other websites
Russian drama movies
1966 drama movies
Movies directed by Yuliy Fayt
Movies set in Ukraine
Soviet drama movies
Abdoul Karim Seck

Abdoul Karim Seck is a judoka from Senegal. Seck competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He was born on 5 November 1966.
References
Other websites
1966 births
Living people
Senegalese judoka
Senegalese Olympians
Sarcohyla labeculata

The Mixe streamside tree frog, yellow-robed tree frog, Cerro las Flores spikethumb tree frog (Sarcohyla labeculata) is a frog that lives in Mexico. Scientists have seen it between 1780 and 1896 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of South America
Kurt Kasznar

Kurt Kasznar (born Kurt Servischer; August 12, 1913 - August 6, 1979) was a stage, movie and television actor. His movies include: Waiting for Godot, The Sound of Music and Barefoot in the Park.
Kasznar was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He married American heiress Cornelia Woolley. This was after her 1939 divorce from her second husband. She died at home unexpectedly in June 1948, at age 48. At the time, Kasznar was performing in John Houseman's Broadway production of Joy to the World.
Kasznar met his second wife, actress Leora Dana, when they worked together in the Broadway production of The Happy Time (1950). That marriage ended in divorce.
Kasznar died August 6, 1979, in Santa Monica, California. This was 10 months after being diagnosed with cancer. He had no known survivors.
Movies
Talk About a Stranger (1952)
The Happy Time (1952)
Lili (1953)
Ride, Vaquero! (1953)
Kiss Me Kate (1953)
All the Brothers Were Valiant (1953)
Give a Girl a Break (1953)
Valley of the Kings (1954)
The Last Time I Saw Paris (1954)
My Sister Eileen (1955)
Anything Goes (1956)
A Farewell to Arms (1957)
Legend of the Lost (1957)
Arms and the Man (1958)
The Journey (1959)
For the First Time (1959)
55 Days at Peking (1963)
Casino Royale (1967)
The Perils of Pauline (1967)
The Ambushers (1967)
References
Other websites
Kurt Kasznar biography at the Irwin Allen News Network website
1913 births
1979 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles County, California
Actors from Vienna
Rottnest Island

Rottnest Island (also known as Rotto or just Rottnest) is 18 kilometres from the mainland of Western Australia. It is called Wadjemup by the Noongar tribe, which means land across the water. Rottnest is a popular tourist attaction.
History
Aboriginal people originally occupied Rottnest around 30,000 years ago. The island was originally connected to the mainland, but it eventually became separated with the Indian Ocean, and so it became an island. As Aboriginal people did not have boats, the island had no one living on it until the Europeans arrived. Dutch sailor Willem de Vlamingh named the island Rattenest, meaning Rat's nest. The 'rats' he was referring to was actually a Quokka, a native animal on the island.
After the Swan River Colony was established in 1830, Robert Thomson settled on the island with his family. He made a living selling salt, which is naturally found on the island. Before refrigeration, salt was very important, as it kept food fresh.
The island became a prison for Aboriginals, during the periods of 1838-1849 and 1855-1931. Around 3,700 Aboriginal men and boys were imprisoned for crimes such as spearing livestock, burning the bush and digging vegetables.
Rottnest Island was also used during World War I and II.
Animals
Rottnest is home to the Quokka, and is one of the few places in the world where they live.
Tourism
Rottnest Island is now a very popular tourist destination, due to its beaches, wildlife and natural environment. Nearly 500,000 people visit the island each year, mostly by ferry but others by aircraft (Rottnest has its own airport). The island is looked after by the Rottnest Island Authority (RIA). A fee is charged when people enter the island, which goes to help maintain it.
Motor vehicles are prohibited on the island, except for use by the RIA, Police or other emergency services. Additionally, only certain individuals are allowed to permanently live on the island.
References
Other websites
Rottnest Island Website
Islands of Australia
Geography of Western Australia
Shadow Puppets

Shadow Puppets (2002), by Orson Scott Card, is the sequel to Shadow of the Hegemon and the third book in the Ender's Shadow series (often called the Bean Quartet). It was first going to be called Shadow of Death.
References
2002 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
Holmes County, Ohio

Holmes County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. In 2020, 44,223 people lived there. The county seat is Millersburg.
References
1820s establishments in Ohio
1825 establishments in the United States
Ohio counties
History of the St. Louis Browns

The St. Louis Browns were a Major League Baseball team in St. Louis, Missouri from 1902 to 1953. The team was a member of the American League. Following the 1953 season, they relocated to Baltimore, Maryland and became the Baltimore Orioles. The Browns never won a World Series and they only won the American League once (1944).
St. Louis Browns
1902 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Missouri
1950s disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in Missouri
Central Airport (movie)

Central Airport is a 1933 American adventure drama movie directed by William A. Wellman and Alfred E. Green. It stars Richard Barthelmess, Sally Eilers, Tom Brown, Grant Mitchell, Claire McDowell, John Wayne and was distributed by Warner Bros.
References
Other websites
1933 drama movies
1930s American adventure movies
1930s American drama movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Alfred E. Green
Movies directed by William A. Wellman
Villers-au-Bois

Villers-au-Bois is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Gnosjö Municipality

Gnosjo Municipality () is a municipality in Jonkoping County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Gnosjo.
References
Other websites
Gnosjo Municipality
Municipalities of Jonkoping County
Adam Walker

Adam Walker (born 1 April 1969) is the leader of the British National Party. He was elected on 27 July 2015.
Elections contested
UK Parliament elections
References
1969 births
Living people
Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom
People from County Durham
Rise (Public Image Ltd song)

"Rise" is a 1986 song by English alternative rock band Public Image Ltd. It is the leading single from their fifth studio album Album. It went to number 11 in the United Kingdom, number 29 in New Zealand and number 10 in Ireland. It was written at the time of the Apartheid and was the band's biggest hits of their career.
References
1986 songs
Alternative rock songs
Public Image Ltd songs
Strangulation

Stranglation is death by compressing the neck until the supply of oxygen is cut off. The process is called strangling.
The brain needs a constant supply of oxygen. Strangling leads first to unconsciousness, then to death. Fatal strangling may occurs in accidents, and other causes of violence. Strangling does not have to be fatal; limited or interrupted strangling is practised in erotic asphyxiation, in the so-called "choking game".
Strangling is a technique in many combat sports and self-defence systems. It is a method of winning a judo bout. Usually the opponent submits; if not, he is "strangled out", that is, the hold is continued until he passes out and is then immediately released. Shime-waza, the judo term for this technique, has scored 97 times in World Judo events. No fatalities have resulted from it. There have been some deaths of suspects in police custody, where officers have used a "choke hold". Investigation suggested that this was because the officers' training had not been so adequate as the training of top-class judo players.
Strangling can be divided into three general types according to the mechanism used:
Hanging--Suspension from a cord wound around the neck
Ligature strangulation--Strangulation without suspension using some form of cord-like object called a garrotte
Manual strangulation--Strangulation using the fingers or other extremity
References
Violence
Deaths by strangulation
Judo
Clara Aller

Clara Aller (born 11 April 1987) is an Spanish water polo player. She was a member of the Spain women's national water polo team.
She was a part of the team at the 2006 Women's European Water Polo Championship, and 2009 World Aquatics Championships,
References
Other websites
Spanish Clara Aller (L) tries to score despite Brazilian Melina Teno Getty
1987 births
Spanish water polo players
Bridle

A bridle is equipment used to direct and control a horse. The bridle holds a bit which goes in the mouth of a horse, and has reins which are joined to the bit.
Bridles are usually made of leather. They are made of different parts which are buckled together. The headpiece, also called a crownpiece, goes behind the horse's ears. The browband is placed across the horse's forehead. Sometimes, a strap called a martingale is attached to the noseband.
A bridle without a bit uses a noseband to control a horse, and is called a hackamore, or a bitless bridle. Bitless bridles work by pressure and leverage on the horse's nose and chin groove. Bitless bridles can be useful for horses that have problems with their mouths. It is more difficult to turn a horse using a bitless bridle. Bitless bridles can provide tremendous leverage and stopping power.
References
Horse riding
Paul Murphy (Australian journalist)

Paul Murphy (1942/1943 - 20 October 2020) was an Australian political journalist and radio and television presenter. He presented the ABC's afternoon radio current affairs program PM from 1983 to 1993.
Murphy was a regular guest on This Sporting Life. He was the first host of the SBS-TV current affairs program Dateline, and presented the program for a decade.
In the 1994 Australia Day Honours Murphy was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for "service to public broadcasting and to journalism".
Murphy died from cancer on 20 October 2020, aged 77.
References
1940 births
2020 deaths
Australian journalists
Australian television presenters
Television news anchors
Cancer deaths in Australia
Hartley County, Texas

Hartley County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 5,382 people lived there. The county seat is Channing.
References
Texas counties
Sergio Moro

Sergio Fernando Moro (; born 1 August 1972) is a Brazilian jurist, former federal judge, college professor and politician. He was one of the lead judges in Operation Car Wash. Moro was also Minister of Justice and Public Security under the Jair Bolsonaro administration from 2019 to 2020.
He briefly ran for President of Brazil in the 2022 election. Instead, he successfully ran for Senator of Parana.
References
1972 births
Living people
Brazilian lawyers
Brazilian politicians
Judges
Brazilian academics
Kismat Ki Lakiro Se

Kismat Ki Lakiron Se (translation:From The Writings Of Destiny Itself) is an Indian Hindi-language romance drama television series. Produced by Rashmi Sharma under the banner of Rashmi Sharma Telefilms, it stars Shaily Priya Pandey, Varun Vijay Sharma, Abhishek Pathania, and Sumati Singh. It premiered on 5 September 2022 on Shemaroo Umang.
Cast
Varun Vijay Sharma - Varun Tripathi
Shaily Priya Pandey-Shraddha Dixit
Abhishek Pathania - Abhay Tripathi
Sumati Singh - Kirti
Farooq Sayeed
Avatar Vaishnani
Khushi Rajput
Dolly Kaushik-Aarti
Tanu Vidhyarthi
Ashish Kaul
Nadia A Himani
Eva Shirali - Naina Tripti
Arup Pal
Lavishka Gupta as Kiara Tripathi: Daughter of Kirti and Varun Tripathi
Shillpa Kataria Singh as Senior Inspector Kiran Mathur
See Also
Kyunkii Tum Hi Ho
Raazz Mahal - Dakini Ka Rahasya
References
Other Websites
Shemaroo Me
Indian television series
Friars Point, Mississippi

Friars Point is a town in Coahoma County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,200 at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in Mississippi
Inval-Boiron

Inval-Boiron is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Lupita Tovar

Lupita Tovar (July 27, 1910 - November 12, 2016) was a Mexican-American silent movie actress. She was known for her role in the 1931 Spanish version of Dracula.
Personal life
Tovar was born on July 27, 1910 in Matias Romero, Oaxaca, Mexico. She began acting and was raised in Mexico City, Mexico. Tovar was married to Paul Kohner from 1932 until his death in 1988. They had a daughter, Susan Kohner.
Death
Tovar died on November 12, 2016 at her home in Los Angeles, California of heart disease, aged 106.
References
Other websites
1910 births
2016 deaths
Mexican movie actors
American centenarians
American silent movie actors
American movie actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Actors from Mexico City
People from Oaxaca
Abdelkader Bensalah

Abdelkader Bensalah (, 24 November 1941 - 22 September 2021) was an Algerian politician. He was the President of the Council of the Nation from 2002 to 2019. On 2 April 2019, he became the Acting President of Algeria following the resignation of Abdelaziz Bouteflika.
Bensalah died on 22 September 2021 from COVID-19 and cancer-related problems at a hospital in Algiers, Algeria at the age of 79.
References
1941 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of Algeria
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic
Deaths from cancer
Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack

A terrorist attack began on 15 January 2019 and finished on 16 January 2019 in the Westlands area of Nairobi, Kenya. The incident began at 14:30 on 15 January, and ended a few minutes to ten the following day.
Initial reports were of gunfire and two explosions at the hotel. By 16 January 2019, President Uhuru Kenyatta said that 14 people had been killed, including all the terrorists. Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the attack in a statement that was released during the attack. Mohammed Gichunge was the shooter but was quickly shot down by Kenya's Rekke Squad - an equivalent to America's SWAT. His accomplice and girlfriend fled to Somalia. The hotel was reopened in August.
References
2019 mass shootings
2019 explosions in Africa
2010s murders in Africa
Al-Shabaab (militant group)
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2019
Attacks on hotels
Building bombings in Africa
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2019
Islamic terrorist incidents in Africa
January 2019 events
Mass murder in 2019
Mass murder in Africa
2010s mass shootings in Africa
DusitD2 complex attack
Suicide bombings in 2019
Suicide bombings in Africa
Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2010s
Meiō

, also known as Mei-o, was a after Entoku and before Bunki. This period started in July 1492 and ended in February 1501. During this time, the emperors were and .
Events of the Meio era
1492 (Meio 1, 8th month): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimura led an army into Omi Province.
1492 (Meio 2, 1st month): The kampaku Ichijo Fuyuyoshi was named daijo-daijin.
1492 (Meio 2, 2nd month): Shogun Yoshimura led an army against the daimyo of Kawachi Province.
1495 (Meio 4): Statue of Kannon carved in the 8th century was lost to fire at Hase-dera in Nara.
12 September 1495 (Meio 4, 24th day of the 8th month): Earthquake at Kashima (Latitude: 35.100/Longitude: 139.500), 7.1 magnitude on the Richter Scale.
9 July 1498 (Meio 7, 20th day of the 6th month): Earthquake in the Enshunada Sea (Latitude: 34.400/Longitude: 137.700), 6.4 on the Richter Scale.
20 September 1498 (Meio 7, 2nd day of the 7th month): Earthquake in the Enshunada Sea (Latitude: 34.000/Longitude: 138.100), 8.6 on the Richter Scale; and also on that same day, another earthquake in Nankaido (Latitude: 33.500/Longitude: 135.200), 7.5 on the Richter Scale.
21 October 1500 (Meio 9, 28th day of the 9th month): Emperor Go-Tuschimikado died.
Related pages
Muromachi period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
Charles Lane

Charles Lane (born Charles Gerstle Levison; January 26, 1905 - July 9, 2007) was an American character actor. His career spanned 64 years. Lane retired from acting at the age of 90. Lane is known for his roles in You Can't Take It With You (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), Arsenic and Old Lace (1944) and It's a Wonderful Life (1946). Lane was born in San Francisco, California.
Lane died in Santa Monica, California from natural causes, aged 102.
References
Other websites
Charles Lane, Hollywood Character Actor, Dies at 102
1905 births
2007 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American centenarians
Actors from San Francisco
Poás Volcano National Park

Poas Volcano National Park, in Spanish , is a National Park in Costa Rica. The volcano is in the province of Alajuela . The main crater is deep and is active. There are frequent small geyser and lava eruptions. The last major eruptions were during 1952-54.
The park is frequently closed because of sulphur gas. Over the last decade there have been indications that the volcano is slowly building up for a new eruption.
References
National parks in Costa Rica
Alajuela Province
Mysticeti

The Mysticeti are one of the two suborders of the Cetacea. They are often called baleen whales, or 'whalebone whales' or 'great whales'.
Baleen whales have baleen plates made of keratin.
The difference is connected with feeding. Baleen whales strain plankton out of the water, whereas the Odontoceti (toothed whales) eat larger prey.
The suborder contains four families and fourteen species.
Baleen
Baleen whales do not have teeth, except as embryos. Fossil adult baleen whales did have teeth, but modern adults have only baleen. The embryo teeth are replaced by baleen, which look like a curtain of long plates hanging down from the top of the whale's mouth. Those plates might be 12 feet long, and a foot or more wide. Looking at them from the outside, they look like straight knives hanging down, but from the inside, they are like a big toothbrush or comb. Baleen is made of keratin, a tissue also found in mammalian hair and nails.
Feeding
A baleen whale uses its baleen to eat. In order to feed, a baleen whale opens its mouth widely and scoops in dense shoals of plankton and other small prey (such as krill, copepods, small fish and sometimes birds that happen to be near the shoals), together with a large volume of water.
The whale then partly shuts its mouth and presses its tongue against its upper jaw, forcing the water to pass out sideways through the baleen, thus sieving out the prey which it then swallows.
Behavior
Many baleen whales make sounds. These sounds can be simple or complicated. Scientists think whales sing to communicate over long distances.
Size
Baleen whales are generally larger than toothed whales, and females are larger than males. The group includes the largest living animal species, the blue whale.
Breaching
Although they are very heavy, baleen whales are able to jump completely out of the water. Humpback whales are known for their jumping skills, but other baleen whales also jump out from the water with their body or beat it loudly with their fins. Nobody knows for sure why the whales do this. It may be a type of communication.
Evolution
The oldest true fossils of baleen are only 15 million years old, but baleen rarely fossilizes, and scientists believe it originated considerably earlier than that. Genetic evidence from DNA sequence analysis supports this idea.
Baleen-related skull modifications have been found in fossils from considerably earlier. Baleen is believed to have evolved around thirty million years ago, possibly from a hard, gummy upper jaw, like the one a Dall's porpoise has. In fact, it resembles baleen closely at the microscopic level. Many early baleen whales also had teeth, but these were probably used only peripherally, or perhaps not at all (again like Dall's porpoise, which catches squid and fish by gripping them against its hard upper jaw).
Importance to humans
From the 11th to the late 20th centuries, baleen whales were hunted for their oil and baleen. Their oil can be made into margarine and cooking oils. Baleen was used to stiffen corsets, as parasol ribs, and to crease paper.
References
The Pillows

The Pillows (or the pillows) is a Japanese rock band made in 1989. They sang FLCL's theme song.
Members
Sawao Yamanaka - vocals, guitar, the leader.
Yoshiaki Manabe - guitar.
Shinichirou Sato - drums.
Jun Suzuki - bass.
Albums
Moon Gold (1991)
White Incarnation (1992)
Kool Spice (1994)
Living Field (1995)
Please Mr. Lostman (1997)
Little Busters (1998)
Runners High (1999)
Happy Bivouac (1999)
Smile (2001)
Thank You, My Twilight (2002)
Penalty Life (penaruteiraihu, 2003)
90's My Life Returns (2004)
Good Dreams (2004)
My Foot (2006)
Wake Up! Wake Up! Wake Up! (2007)
Pied Piper (2008)
Other websites
Official website
Japanese musical groups
People from Hokkaido
European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education

European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education (ENAEE) authorises quality assurance and education accreditation agencies within the European higher education area, to award the EUR-ACE label to their accredited engineering degree programmes.
Agencies authorised to award the EUR-ACE label
FEANI - The European Federation of National Engineering Associations.
ASIIN - Fachakkreditierungsagentur fur Studiengange der Ingenieurwissenschaften, der Informatik, der Naturwissenschaften, und der Mathematik e.V. Germany
CTI - Commission des titres d'ingenieur, France
Engineering Council UK
Engineers Ireland
Ordem dos Engenheiros, Portugal
AEER - Association for Engineering Education in Russia.
MUDEK - Association for Evaluation and Accreditation of Engineering Programmes, Turkey
References
Qualifications
Educational organizations
European organizations
Maeshowe

Maeshowe, also known as Orkhaugr, a burial mound in Orkney, Scotland, with underground passage graves. It was built during the Neolithic period, about 3000 years ago. It has been included in the World Heritage Site, Heart of Neolithic Orkney.
The mound used to be taller, with a depression in the top, looking like a small volcano. It measured 11 meters in height and had a diameter of 30 meters. This was changed in 1861 when the mound was dug into by archaeologist James Farrer.
It was built on a raised level area and surrounded by a ditch and a raised bank. It may have been built on top of an earlier structure. Research shows that the ditch used to be filled with water, and there was a large stone circle around the mound. The grave itself is a long narrow entrance opening into a large chamber. There are three smaller rooms which open into the main chamber. It has been built to line up with the sun at the Winter Solstice.
Maeshowe had been dug up in the 12th century by the Vikings. It has many Norse carvings on the rocks.
References
Prehistoric buildings and structures on Orkney
Archaeological sites in Scotland
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Neolithic
2nd millennium BC works
Collierville, Tennessee

Collierville is a town in Shelby County, Tennessee, United States. It is a suburb of Memphis. 43,965 people lived here at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in Tennessee
Cremia

Cremia is a comune in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Francesca Serio

Francesca Serio (born Galati Mamertino 13 August 1903 - 16 July 1992 Sciaraon) was an Italian activist. Known as Mamma Carnevale, she was a symbol of the fight against the Mafia.
She was the first woman to sue the Sicilian Mafia, after the murder of her son, the socialist trade unionist Salvatore Carnevale, in 1955.
She was as day laborer in Sciara. Her son became a labor organizer.
References
Other reading
Blandi, F. (2018). Francesca Serio. La madre (in Spanish). Navarra Editore. .
1982 deaths
1903 births
Italian activists
Ostheim

Ostheim vor der Rhon is a town in Northern Bavaria in Rhon-Grabfeld in Franconia.
References
Other websites
Friendly end of political enclave in 1947 (German)
Sonntags Blatt 1972 church enclave switch
Ostheim vor der Rhon travel guide on Wikivoyage
Rhon-Grabfeld
Jesse Jackson

Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. (born October 8, 1941) is an American church minister, activist and politician. Jackson was born Jesse Louis Burns, in Greenville, South Carolina. His mother, Helen Burns, was 16 years old at the time he was born. She never married his father, Noah Louis Robinson. When Jackson was two, his mother married Charles Jackson. Jesse was raised by his grandmother Matilda until he was 13. In 1957, he returned home when his step-father adopted him.
Early life and civil rights
After he graduated from high school, Jackson had an offer to play professional baseball from the Chicago White Sox. He also received a scholarship to play college football at the University of Illinois, which he accepted. He later transferred to North Carolina A&T. He was one of Martin Luther King Jr.'s main organizers in Chicago for the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences. After King was shot, Jackson formed several civil rights organizations of his own. Two of these were Operation PUSH and the Rainbow Coalition. Jackson was also active in civil rights movements outside the United States. He also served as a Baptist minister.
Presidential runs
Jackson ran for President in 1984 and 1988, coming in second in the 1988 Democratic party. Both times, he ran on a very liberal platform that wanted people of all races to co-operate, as well as more emphasis on education, urban issues and infrastructure. He wanted to be chosen as the Democrat's Vice-Presidential nominee, but Lloyd Bentsen was chosen instead. From 1991 to 1997, he was a shadow senator from the District of Columbia. People thought Jackson might run against Bill Clinton in the 1996 primaries, but he did not.
In 2016, during the 2016 United States presidential election he endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. In 2020, during the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, he endorsed Bernie Sanders to be the democratic nominee.
Controversy
He is known for saying some things that are controversial. Some things he said were offensive to Jews. He also said that Barack Obama was "acting like he's white" and "talking down to black people."
Personal life
Jackson's eldest son, Jesse Jackson Jr., is a former congressman from Illinois. His other son, Jonathan Jackson, is a congressman from Illinois as well.
In November 2017, Jackson was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.
In August 2021, Jackson and his wife were hospitalized at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, with COVID-19.
References
1941 births
Living people
African American politicians
American adoptees
American Baptist ministers
American civil rights activists
People with Parkinson's disease
People from Greenville, South Carolina
Politicians from Chicago
Politicians from South Carolina
HuffPost writers and columnists
1984 United States presidential candidates
1988 United States presidential candidates
United States Shadow senators from District of Columbia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Amerdingen

Amerdingen is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. There is an 18th-century castle called Schloss Amerdingen. It was built by the family of the Stauffenbergs. Count Alfred Schenk von Stauffenberg (*1923) and his wife live there now. The mayor is currently Hermann Scmidt
References
Donau-Ries
Puck (moon)

Puck is a closer moon to Uranus. Puck was found from the images taken by Voyager 2 on December 30, 1985, and was given the designation S/1985 U 1.
In Celtic mythology and English folklore, a Puck is a mischievous sprite, imagined as an evil demon by Christians; the moon is named after the Puck who appears in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, in which he travels around the globe at night with the fairies. It is also designated Uranus XV.
Puck is the biggest of the small closer moons to Uranus. It is in the middle in size between Portia and Miranda, the smallest of the five bigger moons. Puck's orbit is also located between these two moons. Little is known about it aside from its orbit, its radius about 81 km, and its geometric albedo approximately 0.11.
Of the moons found by the Voyager 2 imaging team, only Puck was found early enough that the probe could be programmed to take pictures of it in some detail. Images showed that Puck has a shape of a slightly prolate spheroid (ratio between axises is 0.97 +- 0.04). Its surface is heavily cratered and is grey in color. There are three named craters on the surface of Puck. Observations with Hubble Space Telescope and large terrestrial telescopes found water ice absorption features in the spectrum of Puck.
References
Other websites
Puck Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
Page that includes a reprocessed version of the Voyager Puck image
Uranus' moons
Courtland, Virginia

Courtland is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
County seats in Virginia
Henry Gibson

Henry Gibson (September 21, 1935 - September 14, 2009) was an American actor, singer and songwriter. He was best known as a cast member of Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, for his role as Haven Hamilton in Nashville, for his recurring role as Judge Clark Brown on Boston Legal, the Illinois Nazi leader in The Blues Brothers and as Bob Jenkins in King of the Hill.
Other websites
Obituary at the Daily Telegraph
1935 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
Cancer deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
American singer-songwriters
Actors from Pennsylvania
Comedians from Pennsylvania
Singers from Pennsylvania
Writers from Pennsylvania
Maya Schenwar

Maya Schenwar (born November 10, 1982) is a journalist and writer focused on prisons. She lives in Chicago and is editor-in-chief (the most important editor) of Truthout. As an editor, she publishes articles about politics that have a progressive viewpoint. She has also written books and many articles for other media websites. As a prison abolitionist, she believes the U.S. government must get rid of prisons in order to make a fairer society, and her work talks about the bad things that happen in prisons. Even though she disagrees with Joe Biden about prisons, she plans to vote for him in 2020.
References
Journalists from Chicago
American editors
1982 births
Louisiana Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase was a land purchase made by President Thomas Jefferson in 1803. He bought the Louisiana territory from France, which was being led by Napoleon Bonaparte at the time, for 15,000,000 USD (about $320,000,000 in 2020 dollars). First, the men sent to France were allowed to spend up to 10 million USD in order to buy New Orleans and, if possible, the west bank of the Mississippi River. But then the French government said that for 5 million more dollars they would sell all of the Louisiana territory. Thomas Jefferson approved the deal and used his constitutional power to sign treaties to buy the land. Nowhere in the constitution does it say the president has the power to buy land from other countries, so he bought it with his power to make treaties.
Napoleon Bonaparte sold the land because he needed money for the Great French War. The British had re-entered the war and France was losing the Haitian Revolution and could not defend Louisiana. Thomas Jefferson took the French offer as an opportunity to make America larger, even if it meant going against his Republican principles of small government (some would say he exceeded his constitutional power by accepting the deal on his own).
The purchase added 828,394 square miles and doubled the size of the U.S.. This included all of the states of Oklahoma, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, and part of the states of Louisiana, Texas, Minnesota, Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. It also included a small piece of land that is now part of Canada.
The Louisiana Purchase gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans, both of which were used by farmers to ship their crops and get paid. It also ensured that France and other European countries would not try to take the land. France only controlled small bits of the territory. Because of that, the United States had to make other agreements with and payments to other governments and groups. The total amount paid for the Louisiana Purchase and all of these other agreements was about 2.6 billion USD.
The Lewis and Clark expedition explored the Louisiana Purchase and the Oregon Territory. They started from St. Louis. Their route traced the Missouri River.
References
Other websites
Lewis and Clark website
Article on the Louisiana Purchase
Article about the history and the purchase of the Louisiana territory
Louisiana Purchase -Citizendium
1803 in the United States
Thomas Jefferson
Thermal expansion

In physics, thermal expansion is the likelihood of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature. When a substance is heated, its basic particles move around more quickly and by doing so generally maintain a greater average separation. Materials that contract with an increase in temperature are very uncommon; this effect is limited in size, and only occurs within limited temperature ranges. The degree of expansion divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature.
Thermometers are an example of using thermal expansion. They contain a liquid which can only move in one direction (along the tube) when volume changes along with temperature.
Thermal expansion can become a problem for trains because it can cause the rails to buckle. On the rails they will have monitors so that if it does get abnormally high in temperature they can be warned and trains could be told to slow down to reduce the heat of friction. Sometimes on the inner parts of the rails they will be painted white to reflect the sun's hot rays so that it won't cause buckling.
References
Thermodynamics
Second Vatican Council

The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. An Ecumenical Council is a meeting of the bishops of the Church to discuss matters of Church doctrine and practice. Pope John XXIII started Vatican II in 1962 and it lasted until 1965, when Pope Paul VI ended it. Four future popes took part in the council's opening session: Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, who on succeeding Pope John XXIII took the name of Paul VI; Bishop Albino Luciani, the future Pope John Paul I; Bishop Karol Wojtyla, who became Pope John Paul II. Father Joseph Ratzinger, who was only 35 at the time, was there as a theological consultant. More than forty years later, he became Pope Benedict XVI.
Different things were discussed. These aimed at modernising the church, and opening a dialogue with other religions. Many people see these meetings as the most important event in the Catholic Church in the 20th century. They let Mass be said in different languages, instead of just Latin.
Other websites
Documents of the council, at the Website of the Vatican
Vatican 2
Roman Catholicism
1960s
White tea

White tea may refer to one of several styles of tea which generally feature young or minimally processed leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant.
Most definitions agree, however, that white tea is not rolled or oxidized, resulting in a flavor characterized as "lighter" than most green or traditional black teas.
It is harvested primarily in China, mostly in the Fujian province.
References
Tea
Shreepali Basnet

Shreepali Basnet () or Sripali Basnet, sometimes spelled as Sirupali is a prominent Hindu Kshatriya (Kshetri) clan in Nepal. It is a clan among Basnets. A branch of Shreepalis were prominent nobles and warriors of the Gorkha Kingdom.
History
Shreepalis were said to have came from Jumla Kingdom. Shreepalis were involved in the administration of the Gorkha Kingdom. Shivaram Singh Basnyat, the commander of Gorkhali forces belonged to Shreepali Basnet in clan.
Tradition
They claim to belong to Bharadwaja Gotra. They worship "Sishakoti Mahadev", "Veerabhadra" and "Mahakali" as their Kul Deuta (clan deity) and Aradhe Devi "Dakshinkali" as Ista Deuta (kinly deity).
References
Nepalese Hindus
Pernilla Wahlgren

Pernilla Nina Elisabeth Wahlgren, born 24 December 1967 in Gustavsberg, Sweden, is a Swedish singer, actress and presenter. In 2004, she was awarded the Ulla Billquist Award.
Her parents are actors Christina Schollin and Hans Wahlgren.
Discography
Pernilla Wahlgren (1985)
Attractive (1986)
Pure Dynamite (1987)
Flashback (1989)
I Myself and Me (1992)
Flashback Number Four (1995) (Best of)
Pernilla Wahlgren (1995) (Re-issue)
Beautiful Day (2006)
Holiday with You (2012)
References
Other websites
Pernillawahlgren.se
Dance Romance: Pernilla Wahlgren
1967 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Eddie Wenstob

Eddie Wenstob also known as Canadian Cowboy (born 1 January 1914) was a professional Canadian boxer. He competed in the light heavyweight category between 1934 and 1941.
Wenstob became Canadian light heavy weight Champion. He was ranked 3rd worldwide in the light heavy weight category. Wenstob was induced into the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame in 2006.
References
Canadian boxers
1914 births
Year of death missing
Gaia Online

Gaia Online is a website created around anime and chatting. In Gaia, users can work on an online economy, chat with other people with the same interests, and even play online games found around the site. Also, you have to be 13 and older to join.
Other websites
Gaia Online
Websites
Zhao Tao

Zhao Tao (born 28 January 1977) is a Chinese actress. She is known for her roles in Platform (2000) and Still Life (2006).
For her role in Shun Li and the Poet (2011), she became the first Asian actress to win a prize at David di Donatello. Her roles in Mountains May Depart (2015) and Ash Is Purest White (2018) also won her awards.
In 2020, The New York Times named her #8 on its list of the 25 Greatest Actors of the 21st Century.
References
Living people
1977 births
Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Bond of Fear

Bond of Fear is a 1917 American silent western movie directed by Jack Conway and starring Roy Stewart, Belle Bennett, Melbourne MacDowell. It was distributed by Triangle Film Corporation.
Other websites
1917 movies
American Western (genre) movies
American silent movies
Movies directed by Jack Conway