pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Premier of Manitoba

The Premier of Manitoba is the head of government for the province of Manitoba, Canada. The Premier is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, who represents the Queen. The Premier is usually the head of the largest party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. The Premier then appoints the Cabinet of Manitoba.
The current Premier of Manitoba is Heather Stefanson of the Progressive Conservative Party. She was sworn in on November 2, 2021 becoming the first female premier of Manitoba.
References
Other websites
Premier of Manitoba Official Site
Cochlea

The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, making 2.5 turns around its axis.
A core component of the cochlea is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea.
The name is from the Greek kokhlias kokhlias ("snail, screw"), from kokhlos kokhlos ("spiral shell"). This is in reference to its coiled shape: the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions.
References
Ear
nl:Oor#Binnenoor
Qian Jingwen

Qian Jingwen (born 11 May 1998) is a Chinese volleyball player. She played for the Chinese national team. She played at the 2015 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship, 2016 Asian Women's U19 Volleyball Championship, 2017 Montreux Volley Masters, and 2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.
She played for Shandong women's volleyball team.
References
1998 births
Chinese volleyball players
Living people
Omar Abdel-Rahman

Omar Abdel-Rahman (, 'Umar 'Abdu r-Rahman; 3 May 1938 - 18 February 2017) was an Egyptian Muslim leader. He was blind, and nicknamed "The Blind Sheikh". He served a life sentence at the Butner Medical Center, in Butner, North Carolina, United States. He was a resident of New York City. He and nine others were convicted of planning a terrorist attack. His arrest grew from the 1993 World Trade Center bombing investigations.
Abdel-Rahman was born in al-Gamalia, Dakahlia Governorate. He lost his eyesight when he less than a year old. He had at least ten children.
Abdel-Rahman died on 18 February 2017 at Butner, at the age of 78. He died from problems caused by diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Related pages
1993 World Trade Center bombing
Lynne Stewart
References
1938 births
2017 deaths
Blind people
Deaths from coronary artery disease
Deaths from diabetes
Egyptian Muslims
Muslim terrorists
Battle of Brandywine

The Battle of Brandywine was a battle of the American Revolutionary War. It was fought on September 11, 1777. It ended with a British victory, leaving Philadelphia, Pennsylvania damaged and dangerous.
Date: September 11, 1777
Result: British victory
Year: September 11, 1777
Designated as world heritage site: March 18, 1952
Start date: September 11, 1777
End date: September 11, 1777
Battles of the American Revolutionary War
1777 in the United States
1770s in Pennsylvania
September events
Bracken County, Kentucky

Bracken County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,488. Its county seat is Brooksville.
History
Bracken County was formed as Kentucky's 23rd county in 1796 from parts of Mason and Campbell counties.
References
1790s establishments in Kentucky
1796 establishments in the United States
Kentucky counties
Ruman Shana

Mohammad Ruman Shana is an archer from Bangladesh. Shana competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was born on 8 June 1995.
References
Other websites
Bangladeshi archers
Bangladeshi Olympians
Living people
1995 births
Pagliacci

I pagliacci or Pagliacci () is a short two-act opera with libretto and music by Ruggero Leoncavallo. It was first performed in the Teatro Dal Verme in Milan, Italy on May 21, 1892. It was conducted by Arturo Toscanini.
The opera is about an adulterous love affair between the wife of a traveling actor and a village man that ends in the murders of both.
The role of Canio became Enrico Caruso's signature role. Pagliacci is the only opera by Leoncavallo still performed. It is usually paired with Pietro Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana.
1890s operas
Vegetative reproduction

Vegetative reproduction is a kind of asexual reproduction. Many plants do it. By vegetative reproduction plants can cover the ground quickly: ground taken by one plant is difficult for other plants to take. This occurs naturally, and can also be done on purpose by horticulturists.
Vegetative reproduction uses mitosis. This means that the newly created cell is a clone, and identical to the parent cell. Some plants put out new roots underground, have bulbs, or grow new vines and shoots above ground.
By this process, new plants can be grown naturally without any seeds or spores. Therefore, it is widely used especially in agriculture to spread the trees that are of great value to the economy.
Cuttings
In gardening and farming, vegetative reproduction means cutting a tree branch below its center joint, planting it in some other earth, and letting it form new roots. In this way, many kinds of useful plants can be easily reproduced without any seeds, for example: apple, avocado, banana, cacao, hemp, orange/lemon, date, fig, grape, almond, pineapple, potato, strawberry, sugar cane and tea.
Related pages
Plant reproduction
References
Methods of reproduction
Plant physiology
Hearth

A hearth (har-th) is a brick or stone lined fireplace or oven that is used for cooking and heating. Historically, the hearth was the center of the home, as it provided heat for the house. Its Latin name is focus. That is why "focus" is used for many kinds of central point.
In more modern times, the hearth may be section of the fireplace that can be seen. This often includes tiles around the base of the fireplace and the floor.
References
Home
Nick Hanauer

Articles with hCards
Nicolas Joseph Hanauer (born September 2, 1959) is an American business owner and investor in new businesses.
Selected publications
Books
The True Patriot (with Eric Liu), Sasquatch Books, 2007.
The Gardens of Democracy (with Eric Liu), Sasquatch Books, 2011.
References
Other websites
Nick Hanauer at TED
American philanthropists
American chief executives
Living people
1959 births
Businesspeople from Seattle
Pages with unreviewed translations
Saint-Vincent-de-Barrès

Saint-Vincent-de-Barres is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Cavalleria rusticana

Cavalleria rusticana is an Italian opera in one act. The music was written by Pietro Mascagni. The story and words (libretto) were written by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci. The opera was based on a play by Giovanni Verga.
The opera was first performed in Rome on May 17, 1890. The work marked the start of the verismo style in Italian opera. It is often paired with Ruggero Leoncavallo's opera Pagliacci to make a full evening. Both operas are just a little over one hour each.
Name: The name means 'rustic chivalry' or 'chivalry of (people in) the countryside'.
Characters
Santuzza, a peasant girl (soprano)
Turiddu, a young villager (tenor)
Lucia, his mother (contralto)
Alfio, a carter (baritone)
Lola, his wife (mezzo-soprano)
Sources
Anderson, James. 1993. The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta. Wings Books.
The Earl of Harewood. 1989. Kobbe's Illustrated Opera Book. Putnam's. . pages 110-112.
1890s operas
Investigations Police of Chile

The Investigations Police of Chile (, or PDI) is the civil police of Chile. It was founded on 1933. The PDI is one of two Chilean police bodies along with Carabiniers de Chile. In their functions, this institution is the first collaborator of the Public Ministry of Chile in terms of criminalistic Investigations.
Notes
Other websites
Official Website of the institution
1933 establishments
Law enforcement agencies of Chile
Santiago de Chile
1930s establishments in Chile
La Grange, Missouri

La Grange is a city in Lewis County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
ChuckleVision

ChuckleVision is a British television series created by Martin Hughes and the Chuckle Brothers for the BBC.
References
Other websites
1980s British television series
1990s British television series
2000s British television series
1980s children's television series
1990s children's television series
2000s children's television series
1987 television series debuts
2009 British television series endings
BBC Television programmes
Television series about brothers
Garfield, Arkansas

Garfield is a town in Benton County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 502 at the 2010 census.
References
Other websites
Town of Garfield official website
Towns in Arkansas
Iran men's national handball team

The Iran national handball team is the national handball team of Iran and is controlled by the IR Iran Handball Federation.
Tournament records
Asian Championship
Asian Games
Other websites
https://www.ihf.info
National sports teams
Sport in Iran
Handball organizations
Organisations based in Iran
Johann Jakob Falkeisen

Johann Jakob Falkeisen (born 1804 in Basel) is a swiss artist painter and engraver.
Biography
After studying in Paris, Falkeisen went to Milan to further his career as an artist and worked under Giovanni Migliara (1785-1837) and Louis Cherbuin (1810-1875) until 1838.
Falkeisen took the opportunity to travel to Bursa in 1843, visiting Athens and Constantinople, to work in his family's silk factory which was being run by his brother, who was also the Austrian Consul for Bursa.
The Falkeisen family bought the factory, together with Tasciyan, an Armenian dragoman from the British Embassy, from a French entrepreneur called M. Glaizal, who had started the enterprise in 1837. The Falkeisen factory was the first steam-powered silk-spinning factory in Bursa and manufactured silk thread.
Johann Falkeisen lived in Turkey until 1855 when the family factory was destroyed by fire as a result of an earthquake and he returned to Basel. He then joined the fledgling Kunstmuseum in Basel where he worked as a curator.
Bibliography
XXV vedute dei luoghi i piu interessanti del lago di Como disegnate dal vero ed incise di Johann Jakob Falkeisen, Ed. L. Ronchi, 1839
Janet E. Buerger, French daguerreotype, International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House, Alice Swan, 1989, ISBN 9780226079851
A Collection of Watercolours by Johann Jakob Falkeisen (1803-1883) A Swiss Artist in the Ottoman Empire, Ed. Karen Taylor Fine Art, 2018
1804 births
1883 deaths
19th-century Italian painters
Swiss painters
People from Basel
Intellect

Intellect is the capacity of the mind by which one reasons. It does not involve the power to feel and move but the power to think. Subjects like Logic, Philosophy and Mathematics all involve the intellect. The intellect involves the power to identify, associate and differentiate. To identify is to find out what a thing is exactly. To associate is to find similarities between things, how they are alike, how they are like each other. To differentiate is to find out how things are different from each other. The intellect is always involved in at least one of these three activities.
Related pages
Cognition
Thought
Intelligence
Lüen

Luen was a municipality of the district of Plessur in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Luen, Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.
Other websites
Former municipalities of Graubunden
Romanization

Romanization, or Latinization, is how words from languages that normally do not use the Latin alphabet are converted into Latin letters. That allows people who do not know the original writing system to read the sounds of the language. Romanization is one way to show the pronunciation of the language's words.
There are often several ways to romanize a language. For the Russian language, the Soviet Union invented several systems, and the United Nations and the International Organization for Standardization invented two of the others. There are also several methods for Arabic, Japanese, and Chinese. Some romanization systems are based on the writing system of the original language, some are based on speech in the original language, and some are based on both. In other words, some romanization systems are based on transliteration, and others are based on transcription.
Related pages
Romanization of Bulgarian
Romanization of Japanese
Other websites
UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems
U.S. Library of Congress Romanization Tables in PDF format
Java romanization app
One of the few books with lists of romanizations is ALA-LC Romanization Tables, Randall Barry (ed.), U.S. Library of Congress, 1997, .
Microsoft Transliteration Utility - A free tool for making and using transliteration systems from any alphabet to any other alphabet.
G. Gerych. Transliteration of Cyrillic Alphabets. Ottawa University, April 1965. 126 pp.
List of IROC broadcasters

The following is a list of the American television networks and announcers who have broadcast IROC races throughout the years. Throughout its history, the IROC series has been aired on ABC, CBS, ESPN and Speed.
Broadcasts
References
Television lists
Navajo Nation

The Navajo Nation () is an American Indian territory covering about , such as parts of northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, and northwestern New Mexico in the United States.
This is the largest land area owned by an indigenous tribe in the United States, with a population of 173,667 as of 2010.
The current President of the Navajo Nation is Jonathan Nez since 2019.
References
Native Americans
Bear dog

The Amphicyonidae or bear dogs, is an extinct family of large terrestrial carnivores.
They belonged to the dog-like suborder Caniformia. It had a wide distribution in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. They lived from the Eocene epoch to the Pleistocene epoch 46.2 1.8 million years ago (mya), for a total of about 44.4 million years or from the Paleocene to the Quaternary period.
Originally they evolved in the Old World, but crossed over to the Americas during the Miocene epoch. This would happen at a time when crossing was possible via the Bering Strait.
References
Caniformia
Fossils
Leeds Trinity University College

Leeds Trinity University College is a university in Horsforth, Leeds, England. It has about 3,000 students. It is one of the smallest universities in the country.
Colleges and universities in England
Organisations based in Leeds
Peter Brook

Peter Stephen Paul Brook, CH, CBE (21 March 1925 - 2 July 2022) is an English theatre and movie director. He has been based in France since the early 1970s. He has won multiple Tony and Emmy Awards, a Laurence Olivier Award, the Praemium Imperiale, and the Prix Italia. He has been called "our greatest living theatre director".
Brook died on 2 July 2022 in Paris, France at the age of 97.
References
Other websites
Official Peter Brook website - Site officiel
Dan David Prize laureate 2005
Peter Brook at Internet Off-Broadway Database
Peter Brook profile by Experimental Theatre Organization
Review of Brook's Mahabharata in Caravan Magazine
Master's Degree in Urban Scenography in Barcelona
Tony Award winners
Emmy Award winning directors
Drama Desk Award winners
1925 births
2022 deaths
English theatre directors
Movie directors from London
Laurence Olivier Award winners
Black Hills Corporation

Black Hills Corporation is an energy company that is an electric and gas utility in South Dakota and Wyoming. They sell power throughout the American West. They are in Rapid City, South Dakota.
It gets its name from its home in the Black Hills of South Dakota.
References
Other websites
blackhillscorp.com
20th-century establishments in South Dakota
1941 establishments in the United States
Companies based in South Dakota
Electric power companies
South Dakota
Hestia

Hestia is a virgin Greek goddess of the hearth, home and fire. It was believed all hearths were her altars. She also symbolized the alliance between colonies and their mother cities. Her sacred animal is the pig.
Family
Hestia is the older sister of Demeter and Hera, and is also the sister of Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades. Her parents are Titans Rhea and Kronos.
Myths
Hestia was originally one of the Twelve Olympians. Her throne was described as plain, being made of wood with a woolen white cushion. She did not choose an emblem for herself.
Hestia was the first to be swallowed by her father Kronos when he ate the Twelve Olympians, and the last to be disgorged.
She gave up her throne on Mount Olympus, and gave it to Dionysus to avoid a possible civil war. Hestia instead tended to the sacred fire on Mount Olympus. Because she could not leave from the hearth, Hestia did not have many stories centered around her.
In ancient tales, Hestia refused the marriage offers of Apollo and Poseidon. She vowed on the River Styx to forever be a virgin goddess.
Worship
Hestia was always the first to receive offerings at every sacrifice in a household. Any hearth of a household was forbidden to go out unless the fire was ritually extinguished and ritually revived. The hearth of the prytaneum was Hestia's official sanctuary. When a new colony was formed, a flame from Hestia's public hearth in the mother city would be carried to the new settlement.
Related pages
Vesta (mythology), a Roman version of Hestia.
Twelve Olympians
Virgin goddesses
Appling County, Georgia

Appling County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 18,444 people lived there. The county seat is Baxley.
References
1818 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Midway, Utah

Midway is a city in Wasatch County in the state of Utah, in the United States.
Cities in Utah
Human-powered aircraft

A human powered aircraft is an aircraft that is powered entirely or partly by the pilot(s). Several human powered aircraft have been constructed in the past 30 years for recreation or to win prizes.
Designing a successful human-powered aircraft is difficult because a very large power to weight ratio must be achieved. This has been the reason why many of these aircraft use advanced composite materials in their construction.
There are human-powered aircraft being designed and made now. One aircraft is being built by Virginia Tech University named the Iron Butterfly. Another one is being built by the Pennsylvania State University named the Zephyrus.
References
History of man-powered flight
Chronology and pictures
Blue Falkor Human Powered Aircraft project at TU Delft The Netherlands
Aircraft
Ayherre

Ayherre is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Ayherre
Fouchères, Aube

Foucheres is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Foucheres, Aube
Jasper County, South Carolina

Jasper County is the county in the state of South Carolina, United States As of the 2010 census, 24,777 people lived there. Its county seat is Ridgeland.
References
20th-century establishments in South Carolina
1912 establishments in the United States
South Carolina counties
Two-Headed Monster

The Two-Headed Monster is a light purple monster on "Sesame Street". It first appeared in 1978 in Season 9.
Performers
The performers for the Two-Headed Monster are listed below:
Richard Hunt and Peter Friedman (ca. 1978)
Jerry Nelson and Richard Hunt (1978-1991)
Jerry Nelson and Adam Hunt (1995)
Jerry Nelson and David Rudman (1998-2000)
Joey Mazzarino and David Rudman (2001-2016)
Eric Jacobson and David Rudman (2016-present)
Sesame Street characters
Elizabeth Blackadder

Dame Elizabeth Violet Blackadder, Mrs Houston, (24 September 1931 - 23 August 2021) was a Scottish painter and printmaker. She was the first woman to be elected to both the Royal Scottish Academy and the Royal Academy. Her work can be seen at the Tate Gallery, the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, and the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
References
1931 births
2021 deaths
Scottish painters
People from Edinburgh
Pastry

Pastry is the dough from which some baked products are made. Pastry dough is rolled out thinly and used as a base for baked products. It is made from ingredients such as flour, sugar, milk, butter, shortening, baking powder, and/or eggs. Common pastry dishes include pies, tarts, quiches and pasties.
Pastry is also the name given to various kinds of baked products. Small cakes, tarts and other sweet or savoury baked products are called "pastries."
Greek food such as Spanakopita are made from pastries.
Related pages
Cookie
References
Foods
Downtown MRT line

The Downtown Line (DTL), will be the fifth Mass Rapid Transport line in Singapore, the third to be completely underground, and with 3-car trains, the second medium capacity line. Currently in various stages of construction, it will open up in phases, such as Stage 1 in 2013, Stage 2 in 2015 and Stage 3 in 2017. The line is colored blue on the MRT Rail map.
Overview
The downtown line starts in Bukit Panjang, where it then passes through the Creative cluster and school belt of Bukit Timah. Along the way, it passes through many food enclaves, such as at Newton. It then passes through the downtown core and financial district before heading east, towards Bedok and Tampenies and the Singapore Expo.
History
Stage 1 of the Downtown Line was originally planned as the Downtown Extension of the Circle Line since 2005. It was planned to have 6 stations from Bugis and end at Chinatown. It opened on 22 December 2013. The section usually parallels Circle Line from Bayfront to Promenade.
Stage 2 was originally planned as the Bukit Timah Line, and was to terminate at Nicoll Highway, but plans were changed after the Nicoll highway collapse, which deemed the original station unfit for use. It was merged with the Downtown Line in 2005. It opened on 27 December 2015.
Stage 3 was originally planned as the Eastern Region Line, and was meant to relieve congestion on the East West Line. The northern part of the line from Expo to Chinatown was replaced by Downtown Line Stage 3 and opened on 21 October 2017.
Stage 3e is a two station extension that would link the Downtown Line and the Thomson Line at Sungei Bedok. It would be completed around 2024.
Stations
Below are the announced station names for all four stages of the Downtown Line.
References
Other websites
The official MRT map , released by the Land Transport Authority showing the Downtown Line
2013 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Singapore
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) lines
Schwendau

Schwendau is a municipality of the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Deportation

Deportation, means the removal of someone from a country. People may be deported from a country for many reasons. For example, one may be deported from a country if he has got into the country illegally, or without a visa (permission).
Deportation can also happen inside a country. A person or a group of people may be forced to move to a different part of the country, as a punishment.
Related pages
Ethnic cleansing
Forced migration
Political asylum
Migration laws
Cressey, California

Cressey (formerly, Cressy) is a census-designated place in Merced County, California. It is north-northwest of Atwater. The population was 366 at the 2020 census.
References
Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Merced County, California
Jim Thorpe

James Francis Thorpe (May 28, 1888 - March 28, 1953) was an American athlete in track, football, and baseball. Thorpe was part Native American and was from Oklahoma. He played football, track, and six other sports at Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania. While at Carlisle, Thorpe's team was one of the best in the country, and beat an Army team that had Dwight Eisenhower. Thorpe won gold medals in the pentathlon (five track and field events in one day) and decathlon (ten events in two days) at the 1912 Summer Olympics. After the decathlon, the King of Sweden called him the greatest athlete alive. His medals were taken away because he had played professional baseball, but were returned in 1982, long after his death.
After the Olympics, Thorpe played professional baseball and football. He played for football teams including the Canton Bulldogs, Rock Island Independents, Chicago Cardinals and New York Giants. He was commissioner of the NFL for one year. Thorpe is in the NFL Hall of Fame. He also played for baseball teams including the New York Giants, Cincinnati Reds, and Boston Braves For several years, Thorpe toured with football, baseball and basketball teams that only had Native American players. Late in life, Thorpe had problems with alcoholism. Thorpe died in 1953. He was buried in Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, which changed its name to Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania.
References
1888 births
1953 deaths
Native American people
Sportspeople from Oklahoma
American football players
American baseball players
New York Giants (NL) players
Rock Point, Maryland

Rock Point is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located near Cobb Island at the mouth of the Wicomico River in Charles County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 107.
References
Unincorporated communities in Maryland
Census-designated places in Maryland
Needamangalam taluk

Needamangalam Taluk is a taluk in Thiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu in India.
Local government in India
Daniel (Elton John song)

"Daniel" is a 1973 song by Elton John and was taken from his sixth studio album Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player. It went to number 2 in the United States, Zimbabwe and New Zealand, number 1 in Canada and number 4 in the United Kingdom and Ireland and was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1974. It went on to be covered by Wilson Phillips.
References
1973 songs
1970s ballads
Rock ballads
Elton John songs
Wilson Phillips songs
Sam Smith (singer) songs
Soft rock songs
Mohamed Ould Bilal

Mohamed Ould Bilal (; born in 1963), is a Mauritanian politician. He is the 16th and current Prime Minister of Mauritania since 6 August 2020.
References
1963 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Mauritania
Lard

Lard is rendered pig fat that is used in cooking. Before, many cuisines used it as a cooking fat or shortening, or as a spread similar to butter. It is not used as much as before. Many cooks and bakers still like it better than other fats for some things. It also has a high smoke point.
References
Cooking fats
Stephen Leather

Stephen Leather (born 25 October 1956) is a British author. He writes in the thriller genre. His works are published by Hodder & Stoughton. He began his writing career as a journalist, working for newspapers such the The Glasgow Herald, Daily Mirror, The Times, Daily Mail and the South China Morning Post in Hong Kong. He has written for television shows such as London's Burning, The Knock and Murder in Mind.
Leather's 1992 novel The Chinaman was made into a movie, called The Foreigner (2017). It stars Jackie Chan and Pierce Brosnan.
Leather was born in Manchester. He grew up in Sale and Chorlton-cum-Hardy.
References
Other websites
1956 births
Living people
English journalists
English novelists
English television writers
People from Manchester
Writers from Lancashire
East London line

The East London line is part of the London Overground network. It runs from north to south through East London. The railway was built in 1869 by the East London Railway Company. It reused the Thames Tunnel which was built for horse-drawn carriages. The line became part of the London Underground network in 1933. It closed on 22 December 2007 for refurbishment and expansion. In April 2010, it reopened as part of the London Overground network. Phase 2, which links the line to the South London line with a terminus at , opened on 9 December 2012. This created an orbital railway around inner London.
Orbital railway
The orbital railway includes the following routes:
East London line from Highbury & Islington to Surrey Quays
South London line from Surrey Quays to Clapham Junction
West London line from Clapham Junction to Willesden Junction
North London line from Willesden Junction to Highbury & Islington
References
London Overground
1869 establishments in the United Kingdom
1860s establishments in England
2007 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2000s disestablishments in England
2010 establishments in England
Caulières

Caulieres is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Royal Docks

Royal Docks is an area in the London Borough of Newham in the London Docklands in East London, England. Royal Docks is also a ward of the London Borough of Newham. At the 2011 Census the ward had a population of 10,679. North Woolwich is part of Royal Docks ward.
History
The area is named after three docks - the Royal Albert Dock, the Royal Victoria Dock and the King George V Dock. They are more correctly called the Royal Group of Docks to distinguish them from the Royal Dockyards. The docks are called "Royal" because they are named after royal personages, not because they are in Crown ownership. The three docks together formed the largest enclosed docks in the world, with a water area of nearly and an overall estate of . This is equivalent to the whole of central London from Hyde Park to Tower Bridge.
Redevelopment
The area was designated a special enterprise zone in 2012.
References
Areas of London
Men who have sex with men

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are males that perform sexual acts on other males. They may be homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual.
The term MSM was created during the early 1990s. MSM is used in the medical literature and social research to describe such males as a group for research studies.
Men having sex with other men have an increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially if they don't use a condom. The diseases include HIV, AIDS and herpes. In the United States, males who have sex with other males in and after 1977 have an HIV rate almost 60 times higher than the general population. Even with a condom, anal sex is risky.
References
LGBT
Meserra Ben Halima

Meserra Ben Halima (born 18 August 1983) is a Tunisian national volleyball player.
She played at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.
She played for CS Sfaxien.
References
1983 births
Living people
Tunisian volleyball players
Parthenon

The Parthenon is a temple in the middle of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece (Europe). It was a temple to honor the goddess Athena for nearly 900 years from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD, and originally had a huge idol to her. It was a Christian church from the 5th century to the 15th when it became a mosque. The name Parthenon means the virgin's place in Greek. It was built between 447 BC and 432 BC during the reign of Pericles. It is considered one of ancient Greece's greatest architecture accomplishments.
The building was constructed using limestone foundations and 22,000 tons of marble. The building was designed by the architects Ictinus and Callicrates. It has 46 Doric columns which support the roof, with 8 across the front and back, and 17 on each side.
In 1687 a gunpowder explosion damaged the building. Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin took some of the sculptures, now called the Elgin Marbles, from the Parthenon in 1759. They have been on display in the British Museum since 1816.
References
Buildings and structures in Athens
Ancient Greek and Roman temples and shrines
Siobhan Fitzpatrick

Siobhan Fitzpatrick (born 28 January 1998) is a British wheelchair basketball player. She is a member of the Great Britain women's national wheelchair basketball team. She competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
With the national team she won the silver medal at the 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, the bronze medal at the 2017 European Championships and the silver medal at the 2019 European Championships.
Fitzpatrick has cerebral palsy. She was unable to do sport at school due to insurance problems. She took part at a wheelchair basketball 'playground to podium' event in 2010, where she was spotted by a coach. She became part of the Coventry Wheelchair Basketball Academy and became later a member of the national team. She was not selected for the 2016 Summer Paralympics. That was a big disappointment for her. She fell out of love for wheelchair basketball and for two or three months she didn't even play in the national league. Later she could place the disappointment in perspective and continued playing.
Fitzpatrick studied Business Management at the University of Worcester. She has a partner, Mat. She was a member of the Athlete's Advisory Committee for the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
References
1998 births
Wheelchair basketball players
British Paralympic competitors
Living people
Barbara Bain

Barbara Bain (born Mildred Fogel; September 13, 1931) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Cinnamon Carter on the action television series Mission: Impossible (1966-1969). She also starred as Dr. Helena Russell on the British science fiction television series Space: 1999 (1975-1977).
References
1931 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Chicago
Models from Chicago
American dancers
Dürbheim

Durbheim is a municipality in the district Tuttlingen in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg in Germany. The municipality of Durbheim has the village Durbheim and the hamlet Risiberg.
References
Other websites
Tuttlingen
Frank Kendall III

Frank Kendall III (born January 26, 1949) is an American engineer, lawyer, and executive. He is the 26th United States Secretary of the Air Force since 2021. From 2012 to 2017 he served as the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics in the Barack Obama administration.
In April 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Kendall III to be the United States Secretary of the Air Force. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate in July 2021.
References
1949 births
Living people
Engineers from Massachusetts
Lawyers from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Politicians from Massachusetts
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
United States Secretaries of the Air Force
People from Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Dean Martin (politician)

Dean Martin worked as the Arizona State Treasurer - the leader banker - for a time of four years, starting in 2007 and ending in 2011. He was a person who belonged to a group called the Republican Party. This person won against another person from a group called the Democratic Party, named Rano Singh, in an important event called the 2006 general election. Before, Martin used to be a part of the Arizona Senate.
References
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mario Kart Arcade GP 2

Mario Kart Arcade GP 2 is the second Mario Kart game for arcades. It was released on March 14, 2007. There are 11 total playable characters in the game. You can choose to play in Time Trial Mode or Grand Prix Mode. In Time Trial mode you can race solo or against Staff Ghosts. In Grand Prix, you can choose between 50cc, 100cc, 150cc, or 200cc, and you race against players or against computers.'''
About the game
Power-ups
You can use powerups as items. Along with the other games in the Mario Kart Arcade GP series, there are about 100 items in the game, making this and the others have the most items in a Mario Kart game at the time.
Tracks
There are 32 Tracks and 8 cups to the full game.
Karts
When turning regularly, your kart loses speed. However, if you hit R before turning, you will perform a small hop and start drifting as long as you keep holding the button and steering left or right. Not only does this maintain your speed, it will also start building up boost power for a mini turbo.
Facts
Mario Kart Arcade GP 2 is the second game in the Mario Kart Arcade GP series and the seventh in the Mario Kart series overall. You can use powerups as items. There are 32 Tracks and 8 cups to the full game. Mario Kart Arcade GP is the initial installment in the series. Originally designed for the Tri-force arcade board (also used for F-Zero AX) by Namco, players can race as one of eleven characters on twenty-four tracks. There are a total of six cups, with four tracks in each, equalling twenty-four. If you're a gamer that strives to see all aspects of the game, you are likely to spend around 50 hours to obtain 100% completion. Coins have three uses, they increase your overall speed, they give you a tiny boost, and they can unlock objects. The biggest bruiser in Mario Strikers: Battle League is still the biggest powerhouses in Mario Kart 8. Bowser has the fastest speed stat in the game along with Wario. Statistically, the Pipe Frame is the best car in the game: it has great acceleration, handling, and a great mini-turbo. It also has decent traction but like many of the other cars on this list, suffers from its weight and speed. The player can jump by pressing the Brake while holding the gas pedal. To drift, the player does the same thing as jumping, but by turning the wheel to the desired direction. In the latest update, the player can also use the Mario button to jump. The game Mario Kart Arcade GP 1 includes only four playable characters, all of which appeared from the previous games: Mario, Luigi, Princess Peach and Yoshi. Items are thrown by making hand movements, which the game registers by an attachment to the player's wrist. Mario Kart Arcade GP DX is the third Mario Kart Arcade GP game, which was released in Japanese arcades on July 25, 2013, and in North American and European arcades in 2014 (previously announced for end of 2013), but the game was available in all Dave & Buster's restaurants from February 16, 2014 until April 2014. Daisy, Lakitu, and King Boo are the Japanese Exclusive characters that can be downloaded in Japanese Mario Kart Arcade GP DX game.
Mario Kart games
Nick Buoniconti

Nicholas Anthony Buoniconti (December 15, 1940 - July 30, 2019) was an American professional football player. He was a middle linebacker in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). He played for the Boston Patriots and Miami Dolphins. He won two Super Bowls with the Dolphins. Buoniconti was added into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2001.
Buoniconti died on July 30, 2019, in Bridgehampton, New York, at the age of 78.
References
1940 births
2019 deaths
American activists
Miami Dolphins players
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Michihiro Yasuda

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Kodai Yasuda is also a footballer.
Biography
Yasuda was born in Osaka Prefecture on December 20, 1987. He joined J1 League club Gamba Osaka from their youth team in 2006. He played many matches as left side back from 2007. The club won the champions in the 2007 J.League Cup, 2008 and 2009 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club won the champions in 2008 AFC Champions League which is first Asian title in the club history. In 2011, he moved to Dutch Eredivisie club Vitesse. Although he played many matches until the 2011/12 season, he could not play many matches in the 2012/13 season. He returned to Japan in summer 2013 and joined Jubilo Iwata. From 2014, he played for Sagan Tosu, Vissel Kobe and Nagoya Grampus. In 2017, he moved to K League Challenge club Busan IPark. In 2018, he returned to Japan and played for J2 League club Albirex Niigata and JEF United Chiba.
In 2007, Yasuda was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2007 U-20 World Cup and played all 4 matches. In February 2008, he was selected the Japan national team for 2008 East Asian Football Championship. At this tournament, he debuted against North Korea on February 17. In August 2008, he also played for Japan U-23 national team at 2008 Summer Olympics. He played 7 games and scored 1 goals for Japan until 2011.
Statistics
|-
|2006||rowspan="5"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="5"|J1 League||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2007||29||0||3||0||9||1||colspan="2"|-||41||1
|-
|2008||26||0||4||0||3||0||9||2||42||2
|-
|2009||22||0||4||0||2||0||7||1||35||1
|-
|2010||32||1||5||0||2||0||7||1||46||2
|-
|2010/11||rowspan="3"|Vitesse||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||15||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2011/12||23||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|-
|2012/13||7||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||12||0
|-
|2013||Jubilo Iwata||J1 League||7||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2014||Sagan Tosu||J1 League||33||1||3||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||39||2
|-
|2015||Vissel Kobe||J1 League||12||0||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|2016||Nagoya Grampus||J1 League||22||0||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|-
|2017||Busan IPark||K League Challenge||21||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||1
|-
|2018||Albirex Niigata||J2 League||30||6||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||31||6
|-
|2019||rowspan="3"|JEF United Chiba||rowspan="3"|J2 League||4||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2020||31||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||1
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
250||9||24||0||29||2||23||4||326||15
45||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||54||0
21||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||1
316||10||34||0||29||2||26||4||405||16
|}
|-
|2008||5||0
|-
|2009||1||1
|-
|2010||0||0
|-
|2011||1||0
|-
!Total||7||1
|}
References
Other websites
1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Gamba Osaka players
Jubilo Iwata players
Sagan Tosu players
Vissel Kobe players
Nagoya Grampus players
Albirex Niigata players
JEF United Chiba players
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Luhanka

Luhanka () is a municipality in Central Finland, Finland. About 765 people lived there in February 2014. The municipalities located next to Luhanka are Hartola, Joutsa, Jyvaskyla, Jamsa, Kuhmoinen and Sysma. Originally Luhanka was part of Sysma. Later it was made into its own municipality in 1864. Luhanka is a popular place for summer cottages.
Famouse people
Composer Toni Edelmann lives in Luhanka.
Writer Kreetta Onkeli spent her childhood at Luhanka.
Other websites
Community website
Municipalities of Central Finland
Old English poetry

The earliest known English poem is a hymn on the creation. Bede says this was by Caedmon (flourished 658-680). He was, according to legend, an illiterate herdsman who produced poetry at a monastery at Whitby. This is probably the earliest written Anglo-Saxon poetry we have.
Much of the poetry of the period is difficult to date, or even to arrange chronologically. Estimates for the date of the great epic Beowulf range from AD 608 through to AD 1000, and there has never been agreement.
It is possible to identify some key moments. The Dream of the Rood was written before about AD 700, when parts were carved in runes on the Ruthwell Cross. Some poems on historical events, such as The Battle of Brunanburh (937) and The Battle of Maldon (991), seem to have been written shortly after the events, so they can be dated reasonably precisely.
Anglo-Saxon poetry is known by the manuscripts in which it survives. The most important manuscripts are from the late 10th and early 11th centuries. They are known as the Caedmon manuscript, the Vercelli Book, the Exeter Book, and the Beowulf manuscript.
Beowulf is the only heroic epic to have survived in its entirety, but fragments of others show that it was not unique in its time. Other genres include much religious verse, from devotional works to biblical paraphrase.
With one notable exception (the so-called Rhyming Poem), Anglo-Saxon poetry depends on alliteration for its structure. Any rhyme included is just ornamental.
References
Poetry
English literature
Geoffrey Horne

Geoffrey Horne (born August 22, 1933) is an American actor, director, and acting coach. He worked at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute.
Horne is known for his roles in The Bridge on the River Kwai, Bonjour Tristesse, The Strange One, Two People, The Twilight Zone episode "The Gift" in 1962, and as Wade Norton in "The Guests" episode of The Outer Limits.
References
Other websites
1933 births
Living people
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Educators from New York City
American theatre directors
Movie directors from New York City
Actors from New York City
Actors from Buenos Aires
Compound eye

Compound eyes consist of many photoreceptor units or ommatidia. Each 'ommatidium' (singular) is an individual 'eye unit'.
The image perceived is a combination of inputs from ommatidia on a convex surface. Thus they point in slightly different directions.
Compared with simple eyes, compound eyes possess a wide-angle view. They can detect fast movement and, in some cases, the polarization of light.
The general picture
Eyes with resolving power have come in ten fundamentally different forms, and 96% of animal species possess a complex optical system. Image-resolving eyes are present in molluscs, chordates and arthropods.
Almost all insects and arachnids use both simple and compound eyes.
Types of compound eye
Compound eyes fall into two groups: apposition eyes, which form multiple inverted images, and superposition eyes, which form a single erect image. Compound eyes are common in arthropods, and are also present in annelids and some bivalved molluscs.
Compound eyes, in arthropods at least, grow at their margins by the addition of new ommatidia.
Good fliers
Good fliers like flies or honey bees, or prey-catching insects like praying mantis or dragonflies, have specialized zones of ommatidia organized into a foveal area which gives acute vision. In the acute zone the eyes are flattened and the facets larger. The flattening allows more ommatidia to receive light from a spot and therefore higher resolution.
Other types
Another version is the pseudofaceted eye, as seen in Scutigera. This type of eye consists of a cluster of numerous ocelli on each side of the head, organized in a way that resembles a true compound eye.
The body of Ophiocoma wendtii, a type of brittle star, is covered with ommatidia, turning its whole skin into a compound eye. The same is true of many chitons.
References
Physiology
Vision
Luís Miguel Rocha

Luis Miguel Rocha (February 1976 - 26 March 2015) was a Portuguese author, television writer and producer. Rocha wrote and produced television in London. Rocha's second novel, The Last Pope, was published in 2006. The novel examines the conspiracy theories about the death of Pope John Paul I.
References
Other websites
Official website
1976 births
2015 deaths
Portuguese writers
Television writers
Television producers
American Songwriter

American Songwriter is an American bimonthly magazine that talks about songwriting. It was created in 1984 and has interviews, songwriting tips, news, reviews and lyric contest. The magazine is based in Nashville, Tennessee.
References
American magazines
Music magazines
Mica

The mica group of minerals are aluminosilicates with various metals. They split into fine sheets, which puts them in the phyllosilicate group of silicate minerals.
Mica includes several closely related materials having perfect basal cleavage.
All are monoclinic which means their crystals are shaped like one kind of prism. They tend towards pseudo-hexagonal crystals and are similar in chemical composition. The highly perfect cleavage, which is the most prominent characteristic of mica, is explained by the hexagonal sheet-like arrangement of its atoms.
Being excellent electrical insulators, they are used in electronic equipment including capacitors.
Minerals
Ouanaminthe

Ouanaminthe (Kreyol: Wanament) is a city in northeast Haiti. It is the most important city of the Nord-Est Departement. In Spanish, the city is called sometimes Juana Mendez.
The city is part of an arrondissement (a part of a department) with the same name, along the northern border with the Dominican Republic. The Dajabon River is between Ouanaminthe and the Dominican city of Dajabon. The border crossing to Dajabon is one of the four chief land crossings from Haiti to the Dominican Republic and Haitians living in Ouanaminthe are allowed to cross the border to Dajabon only two days per week.
Other websites
About Ouanaminthe
Exploration de la region Ouanaminthe - Alliance Haiti
Cities in Haiti
Porto Novo, Cape Verde (municipality)

Porto Novo is a municipality in Cape Verde. It is on the island of Santo Antao. Its capital city is also named Porto Novo.
Its highest point is Tope de Coroa, elevation .
The municipality has 2 civil parishes:
Santo Andre
Sao Joao Baptista
References
Municipalities of Cape Verde