pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gammelstaden

Gammelstaden or Gammelstad (Lulea Old Town) is a locality in Lulea Municipality in Norrbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 4,960 people lived there. The Gammelstad Church Town became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
References
Other websites
Official website of the World Heritage Site Gammelstad Church Town
Settlements in Norrbotten County
Goryōkaku

is a star fort in the Japanese city of Hakodate on the island of Hokkaido. It was the main fortress of the short-lived Republic of Ezo.
History
Goryokaku was designed in 1855 by Takeda Hisaburo. His plan was based on the work of the French architect Vauban. The fort is shaped like a five-pointed star. This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.
The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate to protect the Tsugaru Strait against a possible invasion by the Russian fleet.
Goryokaku is famous as the site of the last battle of the Boshin War (Goryokaku no Tatakai). The fighting lasted for a week (June 20-27 1869).
References
Other websites
Japan Atlas: Goryokaku Fort
Buildings and structures in Hokkaido
Hellertown, Pennsylvania

Hellertown is a borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. Hellertown is located in the Lehigh Valley region of the state. The population of Hellertown was 5,898 at the 2010 census. Hellertown is located at (40.584099, -75.338139).
References
Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Rosalie Poe

Rosalie Mackenzie Poe (December 1810 - July 21, 1874) was an American poet. She was the sister of Edgar Allan Poe.
Early life and family
Poe was born in December 1810 in Norfolk, Virginia. She was the daughter of English-born actress Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe and American actor David Poe Jr. The family was very poor. Her mother suffered from pneumonia and tuberculosis.
David Poe abandoned his family before her birth. This caused people to question if he was her father. The rumors continued when Joseph Gallego, a wealthy Richmond, Virginia resident, gave the young Rosalie $2,000 dollars in his will when he died in 1818.
In 1811, her parents hd died. Rosalie was adopted by William and Jane Scott Mackenzie. In 1912, she was baptized with the name of Rosalie Mackenzie.
She did not remain in close contact with her brother Edgar. She did read and enjoy his poems. "The Raven" and "The Bells" were among her favorites. she took pleasure it being known as his sister by the public. When asked for an autograph, Rosalie would sign, "Rose Poe, Sister of the Poet."
Death
Rosalie died in 1874 from inflammation of the stomach. Her birthyear on her tombstone was listed as 1812, the year of her baptism. She wanted to be buried near her brother's grave in Baltimore, but was instead buried in Washington D.C..
Writings
Rosalie wrote several untitled poems. They were not published until over 50 years after her death.
References
1810 births
1874 deaths
American poets
People from Norfolk, Virginia
Edgar Allan Poe
Frýdek-Místek

Frydek-Mistek (; ) is a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It is the capital of the Frydek-Mistek District.
The city has about 55,000 inhabitants.
References
Other websites
Official website
Cities in the Czech Republic
Moravian-Silesian Region
Richter scale

The Richter scale is a scale of numbers used to tell the power (or magnitude) of earthquakes. Charles Richter developed the Richter Scale in 1935. His scale worked like a seismogram, measured by a particular type of seismometer at a distance of 100 kilometers (62 mi) from the earthquake.
Earthquakes 4.5 or higher on the Richter scale can be measured all over the world. An earthquake a size that scores 3.0 is ten times the amplitude of one that scores 2.0. The energy that is released increases by a factor of about 32.
Every increase of 1 on the Richter scale corresponds to an increase in amplitude by a factor of 10 so therefore, it is a logarithmic scale.
(Adapted from U.S. Geological Survey documents)
The earthquake with the biggest recorded magnitude was the Great Chilean Earthquake. It had a magnitude of 9.5 on the Richter scale and occurred in 1960. Around 6,000 people died because of the earthquake. No earthquake has ever hit 10+ on the Richter Scale.
More examples
Related pages
Mercalli intensity scale
References
Other websites
Simplified description of the Richter scale
Earthquakes
List of TED speakers

Tedx Speakers are the speakers who have delivered a talk featured on TED.com. Whether the talk was given at an official TED conference, at one of thousands of local, independently organized TEDx events, or on another stage altogether, these are the people who brought it to life.
References
Lists of people
Izium mass graves

On 15 September 2022, several mass graves, including one site with at least 440 bodies were found in woods near the Ukrainian city of Izium after it was freed by Ukrainian forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
The graves had bodies of people who were killed by Russian forces.
According to Ukrainian investigators, 447 bodies were discovered in one of the sites including 414 bodies of civilians and 22 servicemen. Most of the dead showed signs of violent deaths, torture and rape.
On 26 September, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said that two more mass graves had been found "with hundreds of people".
References
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
September 2022 events
Frankfort, Michigan

Frankfort is a city in Benzie County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
Tuner (car)

When talking about cars, a tuner is a car with many parts changed so the car can go very fast. The word "tune" here means "to adjust" or "to change". Typically, people call any vehicle that has been modified for performance reasons a tuner car regardless of make or model.
When people want to drive fast cars but don't want to buy a very expensive car, they change some parts for an ordinary car to make it go faster.
Making a tuner
For basic tuning, the engine intake and exhaust are changed, which means the process that takes air into the engine and out of the engine happens faster. People can also make the frame of the car stronger, to help it go around corners better. A spoiler or wing helps air push the car down onto the ground, which means more grip.
Some types of tuned cars
A hot rod is a classic American car with lots of engine upgrades to help it go fast in a straight line.
A lowrider is a very low car, often with fancy paint and decals. Lowriders are popular in the United States.
JDM means "Japanese domestic market" and is used for cars that are made for Japan before being brought into other countries.
Related pages
Auto racing
References
Car classifications
Feldherrnhalle

The Feldherrnhalle (Field Marshals' Hall) is a large loggia in Munich, Germany. It was made similar to the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence, Italy The building was commissioned in 1841 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria. He had it built to honour the tradition of the Bavarian Army.
In 1923, it was the site of the brief battle that ended Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch. During the Nazi era, it was a monument to members of the Nazi party who died there.
Structure
The Feldherrnhalle was built between 1841 and 1844. It was built at the southern end of Munich's Ludwigstrasse. It is next to the Palais Preysing and east of the Hofgarten. Before it was built, the Gothic Schwabinger Tor (gate) was in that place. Friedrich von Gartner built the Feldherrnhalle> He was requested to do so by King Ludwig I of Bavaria.
The Feldherrnhalle was a symbol of the honours of the Bavarian Army. It included statues of two military leaders; Johann Tilly and Karl Philipp von Wrede. Tilly led Bavarians in the Thirty Years War. Philipp von Wrede led the fight against Napoleon. The statues were created by Ludwig Schwanthaler.
R
A group by was added to the centre of the monument in 1892, after the Franco-Prussian War it represented the victory over France. The lions were created by Wilhelm von Rumann. They were added in 1906.
Site of the Beer Hall Putsch
The Feldherrnhalle was the scene of a conflict on 9 November 1923. It was between the Bavarian State Police and the followers of Adolf Hitler. This was the end of the Nazis' failed attempt to take over the Bavarian State. That is commonly referred to as the Beer Hall Putsch. In the gun battle, four policemen and fourteen marchers were killed. Many more were wounded, including Hermann Goring.
Nazi memorial
After the Nazis took power in 1933, Hitler turned the Feldherrnhalle into a memorial to the Nazis killed there. A memorial to the killed men was put up on its east side. It is opposite the location of the shootings. This monument was called the Mahnmal der Bewegung. It was designed by Paul Ludwig Troost. The square in front of the Feldherrnhalle (the Odeonsplatz) was used for SS parades and rallies. New SS recruits took their oath of loyalty to Hitler in front of the memorial.
After the war
At the end of the war, the Feldherrnhalle was changed back to how it was earlier. Local people smashed the Mahnmal der Bewegung to pieces on 3 June 1945. In the 1950s, a plan to move Bavaria's memorial to the unknown soldier to the Feldherrnhalle was ended. There was concerns that neo-Nazis would meet at the site.
On 25 April 1995, Reinhold Elstner set himself on fire in front of Feldhernhalle. He did this to protest against "the ongoing official slander and demonization of the German people and German soldiers".
References
Buildings and structures in Munich
Nazi Germany
Land mine

A land mine (called a "mine" when a naval mine is clearly not what is meant) is an explosive weapon that is put on the ground or just underneath the ground so that it explodes when a person or vehicle goes by. They are called "mines" because people who put them there often dig a tunnel under the ground (like miners who dig for coal etc.). Many people can be killed by mines, including civilians. Sometimes mines can lie in the ground and kill and injure people years after a war has ended.
There are different types of land mines. Big anti-vehicle mines are against vehicles. Smaller infantry mines are used against foot soldiers.
Explosives
Norovirus

Norovirus (or winter vomiting disease) is a common cause of gastroenteritis.
It causes non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. You have to drink lots of water.
Risk factors include unsanitary food preparation. Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms.
Wash your hands properly. Disinfect contaminated surfaces. There is no vaccine or specific treatment for norovirus.
Norovirus results in about 685 million cases of disease and 200,000 deaths globally a year. It is common.
Those under the age of five are most often affected, and in this group it results in about 50,000 deaths in the developing world. Norovirus infections occur more commonly during winter months. It often occurs in outbreaks, especially among those living in close quarters. In the United States, it is the cause of about half of all foodborne disease outbreaks. The virus is named after the city of Norwalk, Ohio, US where an outbreak occurred in 1968.
References
Diseases caused by viruses
Telegraph City, California

Telegraph City is a unincorporated community in Calaveras County, California. It is 199 meters above sea-level. There was a post office. There between 1862 and 1894.
Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Calaveras County, California
Permutation box

In cryptography, a permutation box (or P-box) is a method of bit-shuffling used to permute or transpose bits (rearrange or swap the order of bits) across S-boxes inputs, maintaining diffusion while transposing.
In block ciphers, the S-boxes and P-Boxes are used to make the relation between the plaintext and the ciphertext difficult to understand (see Shannon's property of diffusion).
Related pages
S-box
Substitution cipher
References
Cryptography
Dry thunderstorm

A dry thunderstorm is a type of thunderstorm where there is lightning and thunder, but most or all of the precipitation does not reach the ground. They usually happen in deserts or areas with low water vapor. Because dry air usually absorbs liquid water, the rain is absorbed before it reaches the ground. They happen a lot during the summer months in western North America.
Dry thunderstorms are dangerous because they can cause dust storms and wildfires. Dust storms can happen because the dry soil and sand are picked up by strong winds. Wildfires can happen because the lightning can hit trees and there is no rain to put out the fires.
References
Severe weather
Morgan County, West Virginia

Morgan County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2020 census, 17,063 people lived there. Its county seat is Berkeley Springs.
References
West Virginia counties
Laura Regan

Laura Regan (born 17 October 1977) is a Canadian actress. She has had leading and supporting roles in the films Saving Jessica Lynch (2003), My Little Eye (2002), They (2002), Dead Silence (2007), and Atlas Shrugged: Part III (2014). She had a recurring role as Jennifer Crane in the TV series Mad Men and starred as Agatha on Minority Report (2015).
Personal life
Regan was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the youngest in a family of seven. Regan is the daughter of Anita Carole Regan (nee Harrison) and former Nova Scotia premier Gerald Regan, and sister of Geoff Regan, Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons and former federal Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, and Live at Five's Nancy Regan. Her maternal grandfather was Saskatchewan MP John Harrison.
Career
Regan's first role was in M. Night Shyamalan's Unbreakable. She landed her first starring role in Robert Harmon's They.
Filmography
References
Other websites
1977 births
Actors from Halifax, Nova Scotia
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Living people
Electoral district of Currumbin

Currumbin is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 1986.
Currumbin is on the Gold Coast.
Election results
Note that the swings above are calculated from the 2020 Currumbin state by-election.
References
Currumbin
Lassen County, California

Lassen County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,730. The county seat and only incorporated city is Susanville.
References
1864 establishments in California
Fritz Todt

Fritz Todt (4 September 1891 in Pforzheim,Grand Duchy Of Baden, Germany- 8 February 1942 in Ketrzyn,East Prussia, Germany) was a German Engineer and Senior Nazi and was responsible for the German roadworks. In 1940, he became the minister for munitions and armaments. Todt was also a member of the Cabinet Hitler.
References
1891 births
1942 deaths
German civil engineers
German generals of World War II
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Politicians from Baden-Wurttemberg
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Sturmabteilung people
Ryota Nagaki

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Nagaki was born in Yokohama on June 4, 1988. When he was a Chuo University student, he joined J1 League club Shonan Bellmare in 2010. Shonan was relegated to J2 League end of the 2010 season. He played many matches as defensive midfielder from 2011. Shonan played in J1 in 2013 and 2015. In 2016, he moved to J1 club Kashima Antlers. In 2016, Kashima won the champions in J1 League and qualified for 2016 Club World Cup as host country champions. At the Club World Cup, he played all 4 matches and won the 2nd place. In 2018, Kashima won the champions in AFC Champions League first Asian title in the club history.
On November 11, 2016, Nagaki debuted for the Japan national team against Oman.
Statistics
|-
|2010||rowspan="6"|Shonan Bellmare||J1 League||11||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|2011||rowspan="2"|J2 League||36||4||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||40||4
|-
|2012||41||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||43||2
|-
|2013||J1 League||33||4||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||39||4
|-
|2014||J2 League||31||6||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||6
|-
|2015||J1 League||32||3||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||35||3
|-
|2016||rowspan="6"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="6"|J1 League||29||0||5||1||3||1||colspan="2"|-||37||2
|-
|2017||20||1||4||0||1||0||8||1||33||2
|-
|2018||30||1||5||0||4||0||13||0||52||1
|-
|2019||31||0||6||0||4||0||8||0||49||0
|-
|2020||31||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
325||21||29||1||20||1||29||1||403||24
325||21||29||1||20||1||29||1||403||24
|}
|-
|2016||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
References
Other websites
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Shonan Bellmare players
Kashima Antlers players
Sportspeople from Yokohama
Yuki Matsushita

Yuki Matsushita (born 7 December 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Thespa Kusatsu.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="4"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||2||0||1||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2001||1||0||1||0||2||0||4||0
|-
|2002||13||0||0||0||2||0||15||0
|-
|2003||J. League 2||13||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||11||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||12||1
|-
|2005||25||3||2||1||colspan="2"|-||27||4
|-
|2006||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||2||0||5||0
|-
|2006||Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 1||4||0||0||0||0||0||4||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Thespa Kusatsu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||37||3||2||0||colspan="2"|-||39||3
|-
|2008||36||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||38||2
|-
|2009||45||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||46||3
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
190||11||12||1||6||0||218||12
190||11||12||1||6||0||218||12
|}
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Gunma Prefecture
Walter Savage Landor

Walter Savage Landor (1775-1864) also known as WS Landor, was an English poet and essayist.
Early life
He was the son of a doctor. He was sent to the famous Rugby School in 1784, but was removed in 1791, to avoid expulsion. He then went up to study at Trinity College, Oxford University but was also rusticated from there in 1794. After this, he developed some problems with his father, who was very angry at him, so Landor left his home.
Poetry and writings
In 1794-95, he prepared his first book of poems, published in 1795 as The Poems of Walter Savage Landor. This was followed by Gebir (1798), Poetry (1802), Imaginary Conversations (series, 1824-1829) and other works.
Later life and death
He was also for some time married to Julia Thuillier and settled in France for a short time, then moved to Italy. After fighting with his wife, he left her and returned to England in 1835. In 1853 he published his last book, Last Fruit off an Old Tree and then, in 1858, left England again and went and settled in Europe. He died in 1864.
1775 births
1864 deaths
English writers
English poets
Rajendra Arlekar

Rajendra Arlekar (born 23 April 1954) is an Indian politician. He is 21st Governor of Himachal Pradesh since 2021. He was a Cabinet Minister in the Government of Goa. He was a speaker of the Goa Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
References
1954 births
Living people
Governors of Himachal Pradesh
Hōji

was a after Kangen and before Kencho. This period started in February 1247 and ended in March 1249. The reigning emperor was .
Events of the Hoji era
1247 (Hoji 1): The Hoji conflict; Hojo family destroyed the Miura family; and in so doing, the clan consolidated its authority as regents.
Related pages
Kamakura period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
1247
1248
1249
1240s in Japan
Sanne de Hoop

Sanne de Hoop (born 18 March 1996) is a Dutch table tennis player. She plays in the Netherlands with VTV Nieuwegein and Tempo Team Amsterdam. She also plays in the Portuguese national league (with Ponta do Pargo) and in the British national league.
Career
As a female table tennis player, De Hoop started also competing in the men's natinal league in 2020. She also started competing in the national league in Portugal and the United Kingdom.
She represented for the first time the dutch national team at the European Championahips at the 2021 European Table Tennis Championships. She also competed at the 2022 European Table Tennis Championships.
Next to table tennis she did a weight consultant studies. She is a personal trainer and works in childcare.
References
1996 births
Living people
Sportspeople from South Holland
Sportswomen
Dutch table tennis players
Pac-Man

Pac-Man is an arcade video game that was made by Namco and designed by Toru Iwatani. It was released in 1980, and became very popular in the history of games.
In Pac-Man, the player makes a Pac-Man, a yellow disc, move around a maze. The ghosts are Blinky, Pinky, Inky, and Clyde. The goal is to eat every yellow pellet (circles) while not getting caught by the ghosts/monsters. For extra points, fruits that appear can also be eaten. When Pac-Man eats a big pellet, the ghosts turn blue for a short period of time and can be eaten. The time that the ghosts are blue generally decreases from one stage to the next. Beginning at stage 19, the ghosts do not turn blue at all when a power pellet is eaten. Even though the game has 256 stages, the last level can not be finished due to a problem with the creation of the game.
The player begins the game with 3 lives, and lose one each time Pac-man collides with a ghost. The game ends when all lives are lost. Pac-man gets an extra life once the player gets 10,000 points.
The game is called Puck-Man in Japan. The game was renamed to Pac-Man in the United States so that nobody could change the "P" to "F". There were many sequels and remakes based on the game. Hanna-Barbera made a animated TV show airing on ABC in the early 1980s. The game was also part of Namco Museum games. There is a Namco Museum Remix for the Wii.
Pac-Man was one of the first games to have cutscenes. It has 3 cutscenes in total.
Playing Features
Add And Remove A Username!
Create And Delete A Maze!
Play The Multiplayer!
References
1980 video games
Arcade games
Video game series
Namco video games
Game Gear games
Game Boy games
Game Boy Color games
Game Boy Advance games
PlayStation games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Wii U games
Nintendo Switch games
Commodore 64 games
Apple II games
Jeremy Bowen

Jeremy Francis John Bowen (born 6 February 1960) is a Welsh journalist and television presenter. He was born in Cardiff, Wales. He is the BBC's Middle East correspondent working in Jerusalem between 1995 and 2000. He has been its Middle East Editor since 2005.
Bowen was diagnosed with bowel cancer in April 2019.
References
Other websites
Photograph. BBC.
Newswatch: Jeremy Bowen. BBC.
Bowen Middle East role 'enhanced'. BBC.
1960 births
Living people
BBC people
Political commentators
Welsh journalists
British television presenters
Television news anchors
People from Cardiff
Saint-Pierre-de-Colombier

Saint-Pierre-de-Colombier is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Woodrow Stanley

Woodrow Stanley (June 12, 1950 - February 15, 2022) was an American Democratic Party politician. He was mayor of Flint, Michigan from 1991 until his recall in 2002. He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from District 34 from 2009 to 2014. Stanley was born in Schlater, Mississippi.
Stanley died at a hospital in Flint on February 15, 2022, at the age of 71.
References
1950 births
2022 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Mississippi
Politicians from Flint, Michigan
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Ralph Breaks the Internet

Ralph Breaks the Internet is a 2018 American 3D computer-animated comedy movie directed by Rich Moore and Phil Johnston. It is the sequel to the 2012 movie Wreck-It Ralph. This movie stars John C. Reilly, Sarah Silverman, Jack McBrayer, Jane Lynch, Ed O'Neill, Alan Tudyk, Gal Gadot, Taraji P. Henson and Alfred Molina. The movie was produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures.
Other websites
2018 comedy movies
2018 computer-animated movies
2010s action comedy movies
2018 fantasy movies
Disney animated movies
American action comedy movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
American sequel movies
Movies set in 2018
Untervaz

Untervaz is a municipality of the district of Landquart in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Graubunden
2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)

The 2020 Labour Party leadership election was held between (21 February - 4 April 2020) to elect a leader to replace Jeremy Corbyn. On 13 December 2019, Corbyn announced that he would not lead the Labour Party into the next general election, following the party's poor performance in the December 2019 election.
It was won by Keir Starmer who received 56.2 per cent of the vote on the first round. It was held alongside the 2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election.
Background
Jeremy Corbyn was elected Labour Party leader in a 2015 leadership election and re-elected leader in 2016 after a challenge from Owen Smith. While Labour gained seats in the 2017 general election, the party lost 60 seats in the 2019 election, its worst result since the 1935 general election. Corbyn announced that he would resign after a "process of reflection".
Timetable
The timetable for the election was set by the party's National Executive Committee on 6 January 2020.
7 January: Nominations from the PLP and EPLP open
13 January: Nominations from the PLP and EPLP close
14 January (17:00): Registered supporter applications open
15 January: Nominations from CLPs and affiliates open
16 January (17:00): Registered supporter applications close
20 January (17:00): Party members and affiliate members must join by this date to be eligible to vote
14 February: Nominations from CLPs and affiliates close
21 February: Voting starts
2 April (12:00): Voting closes
4 April: Result announced
Candidates
Declared
The following individuals have been nominated as official candidates by the party:
Eliminated
Withdrawn
Declined
The following individuals were discussed in the media as potential leadership candidates, but chose not to stand:
Diane Abbott, Shadow Home Secretary (endorsed Long-Bailey)
Yvette Cooper, chair of the Home Affairs Select Committee since 2016 (endorsed Starmer)
Barry Gardiner, shadow international trade secretary (endorsed Long-Bailey)
Dan Jarvis, MP for Barnsley Central, Mayor of the Sheffield City Region (nominated Nandy)
David Lammy, former universities minister (endorsed Starmer)
Ian Lavery, Chair of the Labour Party (endorsed Long-Bailey)
John McDonnell, shadow chancellor (endorsed Long-Bailey)
Angela Rayner, shadow education secretary (running for deputy leader, endorsed Long-Bailey)
PLP and EPLP Nominations
Candidates first need to be nominated by at least 10% (twenty-two) of current Labour MPs and MEPs, who make up the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) and the European Parliamentary Labour Party (EPLP).
The candidates who have passed this threshold need nominations from at least 5% (thirty-three) CLPs, or at least three affiliates including at least two trades unions that together represent at least 5% of affiliated members.
The table below shows the current number of nominations achieved by each candidate.
List of supporters
References
Elections in the United Kingdom
2020 in the United Kingdom
2020 elections in Europe
February 2020 events
March 2020 events
April 2020 events
Arc de Triomphe

The Arc de Triomphe de l'Etoile is commonly known as Arc de Triomphe (meaning arch of victory). It is a famous monument in Paris. It is at the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle. This was formerly called the Place de l'Etoile at the western end of the Champs-Elysees.
Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte commissioned it in 1806 after victory in the Battle of Austerlitz. It was inaugurated on 29 July 1836. It is a large arch, but it is not possible to drive underneath it. Jean-Francois Chalgrin designed it, and it has roughly 300 steps that lead to the top. It has four main sculptures and six reliefs. Just beneath the vault of the arch, there is the tomb of the unknown soldier. The names of French generals and battles are engraved on the walls.
Buildings and structures completed in the 19th century
Buildings and structures in Paris
Monuments and memorials
Tombs of Unknown Soldiers
Villeneuve-les-Sablons

Villeneuve-les-Sablons is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Oise department in north France.
References
Communes in Oise
Zomi Revolutionary Army

The Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA) is a nationalist separatist group dedicated to the defense of ethnic Zomi people. It fights for the reunification of Zomi people, whose homelands are split between in Myanmar (Chin State), Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts) and North-east India (Manipur and Mizoram). It aims to unite all Zomi people under one governing unit, known as a Zogam, meaning "land of the Zomi".
Nationalist organizations in India
Chittagong Hill Tracts
Separatist movements of India
Rebel militia groups in Asia
Organizations based in Myanmar
Bachfeld

Bachfeld is a former municipality of the district Sonneberg, in Thuringia, Germany. On 31 Dezember 2019, it is part of the town Schalkau.
Former municipalities of Germany
Settlements in Thuringia
Sonneberg Rural District
In the Lonely Hour

In the Lonely Hour is the debut studio album by British singer Sam Smith. It was released in the United Kingdom on 26 May 2014. In the United States, it was released on 17 June 2014.
The album includes the hit singles "Money on My Mind" and "Stay with Me", both of which were number one in the UK; the latter becoming a hit worldwide.
A deluxe edition of the album contains five bonus tracks, including a solo acoustic version of Disclosure's single "Latch" and Naughty Boy's number-one single "La La La", on both of which Smith provided guest vocals.
References
2014 albums
Sam Smith (singer)
Hohenroth

Hohenroth is a municipality in Rhon-Grabfeld in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Rhon-Grabfeld
Municipalities in Bavaria
Towns in Bavaria
Colombier, Neuchâtel

Colombier was a municipality of the district of Boudry in the canton of Neuchatel in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Auvernier, Bole and Colombier merged into the new municipality of Milvignes.
References
Other websites
Former municipalities of Neuchatel
Villages in Neuchatel
Chris Diamantopoulos

Christopher "Chris" Diamantopoulos (born May 9, 1975; ) is a Greek-Canadian actor and comedian. He is known for playing Moe Howard in the 2012 The Three Stooges film, and for voicing Mickey Mouse in the 2013 TV series of the same name.
Selected filmography
The Adulterer (2000)
Drop Dead Roses (2001)
Law & Order (2002, TV series)
Third Watch (2003, TV series)
Frasier (2004, TV series)
Nip/Tuck (2004, TV series)
Charmed (2004, TV series)
American Dreams (2004, TV series)
Kevin Hill (2004, TV series)
Jake in Progress (2005, TV series)
Behind the Camera: The Unauthorized Story of Mork & Mindy (2005, TV)
The Sopranos (2006, TV series)
Wedding Daze (2006)
Boston Legal (2006, TV series)
Three Days to Vegas (2007)
Raines (2007, TV series)
The Starter Wife (2007, TV miniseries)
State of Mind (2007, TV series)
24 (2010, TV series)
The Kennedys (2011, TV miniseries)
Up All Night (2011-2012, TV series)
The Three Stooges (2012)
Community (2013, TV series)
The Office (2013, TV series)
Arrested Development (2013, TV series)
Family Guy (2013, TV series)
American Dad! (2013, TV series)
Mickey Mouse (2013-present, TV series)
The Art of the Steal (2013)
Doctor Lollipop (2013, web cartoon)
Dr. Cabbie (2014)
Episodes (2014, TV series)
Hannibal (2014, TV series)
About a Boy (2014, TV series)
Silicon Valley (2015-present, TV Series)
The Truth About Lies (2015)
Batman Unlimited: Animal Instincts - (2015, Direct-to-video)
Animated films
Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2021 movie)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2022 movie)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid (animated movie series)
References
1975 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Comedians from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
National University of Ireland, Galway

The National University of Ireland is a university in Galway. It was opened as Queen's College Galway, in 1845. It has become known as University College Galway, since 1908. It is one of the universities (or colleges) that make up National University of Ireland.
Other websites
Official website
19th-century establishments in the Republic of Ireland
1845 establishments in Europe
Galway
County Galway
Courchavon

Courchavon is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Courchavon is also famous for its Swiss chocolate.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Jura
Aomori Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Tohoku region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Aomori.
History
Until the Meiji Restoration, the lands of Aomori prefecture were part of Mutsu Province.
Geography
Aomori Prefecture is the northernmost prefecture on Honshu. The prefecture faces Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait. It shares its southern border with Akita Prefecture and Iwate Prefecture.
Cities
There are ten cities in Aomori Prefecture:
National Parks
National Parks are established in about 12% of the total land area of the prefecture, including
Towada-Hachimantai National Park
Shrines and Temples
Tsutsukowake jinja is the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.
Related pages
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
References
Other websites
Aomori Prefecture website ;
Bay Area Rapid Transit

Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is a heavy rail public rapid transit system that serves the San Francisco Bay Area in northern California. It joins the cities of the East Bay, including Oakland, with San Francisco. Construction began in 1964. The first trains began running on September 11, 1972.
Lines
As of 2022, there are five main lines on the system. There are of track (using a wider-than-normal gauge of ). There are 50 stations. Like other rapid transit systems in the world, tracks are in underground tunnels in inner cities, and on elevated viaducts in suburban areas. In some places, they are in the middle of freeways. The busiest part of the system is the Transbay Tube, a underwater tunnel under the San Francisco Bay. Almost 150,000 people pass through the tube every day.
Fare
The fare which people pay to ride BART depends on how far they go. They first buy paper magnetic stripe cards inside the station. Then they insert this ticket into the gate, walk through the gate, and take the ticket out. They then get on board the train. Sometimes they have to change from one train to another to get to where they want to go. After they leave the train at their destination, they insert their ticket into the fare gate again to exit the station. Printed numbers on the card show how much money is left on the ticket. A passenger who enters and exits the same station will be charged an "excursion fare". As of July 26, 2023, the fare was $6.40.
Expansion
In the 2000s, BART was expanded to reach San Francisco International Airport. It now goes as far as Millbrae. Two other branch lines have opened since then. In 2014, BART opened a short line to Oakland International Airport that uses trains pulled by cables. An extension of the Pittsburg line to Antioch, which opened in 2018, uses diesel multiple units on standard gauge tracks instead of the electric, broad-gauge trains used on the main lines. A project is also going on to expand the southern main line into San Jose. The entire extension was supposed to be completed in 2018. Instead, the first new stations were opened on June 13, 2020 after breakdowns in communication and testing with the line.
References
Other websites
Rail transport in the United States
San Francisco Bay Area
Transport in California
1972 establishments in California
Rapid transit systems in the United States
Carlo Mattrel

Carlo Mattrel (born 14 April, 1937) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1955-56||Juventus||Serie A||0||0
|-
|1956-57||Anconitana||Serie C||14||0
|-
|1957-58||rowspan="4"|Juventus||rowspan="4"|Serie A||33||0
|-
|1958-59||20||0
|-
|1959-60||16||0
|-
|1960-61||3||0
|-
|1961-62||Palermo||Serie A||34||0
|-
|1962-63||rowspan="3"|Juventus||rowspan="3"|Serie A||15||0
|-
|1963-64||5||0
|-
|1964-65||1||0
|-
|1965-66||rowspan="2"|Cagliari||rowspan="2"|Serie A||19||0
|-
|1966-67||6||0
|-
|1967-68||SPAL||Serie A||5||0
171||0
171||0
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1962||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}
References
1937 births
Living people
Italian association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Turin
Brian Burke

Brian Thomas Burke (born 25 February 1947) was the 23rd Premier of Western Australia from 25 February 1983 to 25 February 1988. He was from the Labor Party. He worked as a journalist before becoming a politician. As Premier he was popular at first but later on his government was involved in a number of private companies that failed. He resigned to become an ambassador. During the 1990s he was convicted of committing crimes while he was Premier and spent time in prison.
References
1947 births
Living people
Burke, Brian
Politicians from Perth, Western Australia
Australian Labor Party politicians
Australian journalists
Swallows and Amazons series

Swallows and Amazons is a series of children's books by the English writer Arthur Ransome. The series is named after the title of the first book in the series. The 12 books are about the adventures by groups of children during school holidays. Events mostly take place in England and Scotland between the World War I and World War II. The stories usually are about outdoor activities, especially camping, fishing and sailing.
Overview
The series remains popular today for its lovely, yet often realistic, depiction of childhood and the interplay between children's imagination and reality. It is part of the basis for a large tourist industry in the Lake District and Norfolk Broads areas of England, where many of the books are set. There are also several groups dedicated to the study and promotion of Ransome's work which are largely inspired by the series. The first was the Arthur Ransome Club in Japan. There is also the British-based group, The Arthur Ransome Society (TARS), which has an international membership.
The series begins with Swallows and Amazons, published in 1930. It tells the story of the Walker children, who sail a dinghy (boat) named Swallow, and the Blackett children, who sail a dinghy named Amazon. The Walkers are staying at a farm near a lake during the school holidays; the Blacketts live in a house on the opposite shore. The children meet on an island on the lake, and have a series of adventures that weave imaginative tales of pirates and exploration into everyday life in inter-War, rural England.
Series of books
Children's books
Chris Hemsworth

Chris Hemsworth (born 11 August 1983) is an Australian movie, television, and voice actor. He is known for his role as Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (2010-today). Hemsworth was born on 11 August 1983 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. He has been married to a model and actress Elsa Pataky since 2010.
References
Other websites
1983 births
Living people
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Australian voice actors
Actors from Melbourne
Officers of the Order of Australia
Optima

Optima is a sans serif typeface. It was designed by Hermann Zapf. Some of the lines are a little wider at the ends, which looks a little like serifs but is not.
Optima was inspired by classical Roman capital letters and the stone-carving of Renaissance period tombstones Zapf saw in Florence, Italy in 1950 on a holiday.
Zapf intended Optima to be a typeface that could be used for both body text and for titles. Zapf used only this typeface in his book About Alphabets.
The first release of Optima is the one used the most. Like many sans serif fonts, it has an oblique style instead of an italic. In Optima nova, a later release, this is replaced by a true italic.
References
Fonts
Mama Married

Mama Married () is a 1969 Soviet drama movie directed by Vitaly Melnikov. It stars Lyusyena Ovchinnikova, Oleg Yefremov, and Nikolay Burlyaev.
Actors
Lyusyena Ovchinnikova as Zinaida
Oleg Yefremov as Viktor
Nikolay Burlyaev as Boris Golubev
Larisa Burkova as Vera
Konstantin Tyagunov as Dmitry Petrovich
Viktor Ilichyov as Leonard
Lyudmila Arinina as Aunt Katya
Arkadi Trusov as uncle Vanya
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1969 movies
Soviet drama movies
When Doves Cry

"When Doves Cry" is a 1984 rock-pop ballad from the musician Prince. It was the lead single off his 1984 album Purple Rain. It was a worldwide hit. It was also his first American #1 hit song. It topped the charts for five weeks.
According to Billboard magazine, "When Doves Cry" was the top selling single of the year. It was certified as Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. Over two million copies were shipped in the United States.
The song is one of Prince's signature songs.
References
1984 songs
Funk songs
Prince (musician) songs
Ginuwine songs
Patti Smith songs
Hope

Hope is a confidence in something wanted. It can also mean:
Surname
For people surnamed Hope, see Hope (surname)First names
Famous people with Hope as a first name:
An old English girl's first name, now more popular in the USA
Hope (Xena), a villain from Xena
The Hope, a Clow Cards and villain from the series Cardcaptor Sakura
Hope Clarke, an American dancer
Hope Cooke, an American woman who became the Queen of Sikkim
Hope Davis, an American actress
Hope Lange, an American actress
Hope Sandoval, an American singer
Hope, an artificial construct created by Lex Luthor in Lex Luthor: Man of Steel Place names
Hope College in Holland, Michigan
Hope, Derbyshire, England
Hope, Flintshire, Wales
Hope, British Columbia
Hope, New Zealand
Hope, Quebec
Hope, Rhode Island
United States:
Hope, Alaska
Hope, Arkansas
Hope, Illinois
Hope, Maine
Hope, Michigan
Hope, New Mexico
Hope, New York
Hope, North DakotaSee also: Hope Island
Things
The Hope Diamond, a famous diamond.
HOPE-X, the HOPE shuttle program, or the "H-II Orbiting Plane"
Hackers On Planet Earth, a biennial conference series sponsored by hacker magazine 2600
HOPE Worldwide, a benevolent organization
The Hope Channel, a Christian television channel
Hope (Doctor Who), a novel based on the television show Doctor Who Hope (ship), American merchant ship circa 1800
Hope (emotion), a belief in a positive outcome in circumstances in one's life
Music
Hope (album), a progressive rock album by the Canadian band Klaatu
Hope (hip hop album), a hip hop album by underground rapper Sage Francis and producer Joe Beats
Hope, an album by Hillsong Music Australia (2003)
"Hope", a 1985 Descendents (band) song from the album Milo Goes to College "Hope", a Cantonese theme song for Dae Jang Geum by Kelly Chen
"Hope", a song by Avail from their 1992 album Satiate "Hope", a song by Shaggy (artist)
"Hope", a song by Fat Freddy's Drop
"Hope", a 1998 song by R.E.M. from their album Up "Hope (Twista song)", a 2005 song featuring Twista and R&B singer Faith Evans
"Hope (Rush song)", a 2007 song by rock group Rush
"Hope (Toshiko Akiyoshi single)", a song by jazz pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi
Also the title of a Toshiko Akiyoshi album, Hope (Toshiko Akiyoshi)'' (2005)
Hope (band), a Canadian punk rock band
Hatikvah, Hebrew for "The Hope", the national anthem of Israel
Hope Recordings, a record label
Concepts
Hope (virtue)
Hope programming language, a small functional programming language
Other
Hope is the state motto of :Rhode Island.
Basic English 850 words
Etowah, Arkansas

Etowah is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Towns in Arkansas
Space Runaway Ideon

Space Runaway Ideon was an animated television series from 1980. It lasted for 39 episodes before being cancelled. It was originally aired in Japan, where it was well known. It also had two movies called A Contact and Be Invoked.
Animated television series
Wayne County, Michigan

Wayne County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 1,793,561 people lived there, and it was the 19th most-populous county in the United States. The county seat is Detroit which is the largest city in Michigan.
History
Wayne County was one of the first counties formed when the Northwest Territory was created. It was named for the American general "Mad Anthony" Wayne. When it was created, the entire area of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and small sections that are now part of northern Ohio, Indiana and Illinois were part of Wayne County. On August 15, 1796, the boundaries of Wayne County were set to begin at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River then west to Fort Wayne, then to the southernmost point of Lake Michigan and along the western shore north to the territorial boundary in Lake Superior and then along the territorial boundary through Lake Huron, Lake St. Clair, and Lake Erie back to the starting point.
On January 14, 1803, the Governor of Indiana Territory, William Henry Harrison, changed the boundary. This new boundary included Chicago, Illinois and a large strip of Wisconsin along Lake Michigan.
These boundaries were later changed again when Indiana and Illinois became states and as other counties were created in Michigan Territory.
Geography
The county has a total area of . Of this, (or 91.36%) is land and (or 8.64%) is water Parts of the Detroit River and Lake St. Clair are included in the county.
The eastern boundary is a water boundary in the Detroit River and Lake St. Clair with Essex County, Ontario, Canada. Cars crosses this boundary at the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel and the Ambassador Bridge.
Grosse Ile is the largest island in Wayne County. It is connected to the mainland by the Wayne County Bridge and the Grosse Ile Toll Bridge.
Adjacent counties
Cities, villages, and townships
Cities
Townships
References
Other websites
Wayne County Government
Wayne County Local History
History of the Wayne County Road Commission
Wayne County Road Commission Photos
History: Facts about the World's First Mile of Concrete Highway
Michigan counties
1810s establishments in Michigan Territory
1815 establishments in the United States
TUI Group

TUI Group () is a multinational travel and tourism company headquartered in Hannover, Germany. It is the largest leisure, travel and tourism company in the world and owns travel agencies, hotels, airlines, cruise ships and retail stores. The company was founded in 1923.
The company is jointly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange as a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Other websites
Official website
1923 establishments in Europe
Companies of Germany
Hanover
1920s establishments in Germany
Tourism companies
Pringles

Pringles is an American brand of stackable potato chips. It was first made by Procter & Gamble in 1967. The brand was sold to Kellogg's in 2012. As of 2011, Pringles are sold in more than 140 countries.
Pringles are known for their packaging, which is made up of a cardboard tube with a plastic lid on top. It is also known for the logo, which has a drawing of a man with a large mustache. The shape of the chips themselves are a special shape called a hyperbolic paraboloid, so if you look at it from the side it can look like it curves up, but looking at it from another side makes it curve down.
References
Snack foods
Straight Lines

"Straight Lines" is a song by the Australian rock band Silverchair. It was released on March 20, 2007 as a single, and ten days later it was released on their fifth and final album, titled Young Modern. It reached number-one on the charts in Australia, becoming their third and last number-one single there.
It was written by the group's lead singer and guitarist Daniel Johns, as well as Australian musician Julian Hamilton. "Straight Lines" is one of only four Silverchair songs to feature a co-writing credit by a non-member, the other three also being songs from Young Modern co-written by Johns and Hamilton.
2007 songs
Măceșu de Jos

Macesu de Jos is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania.
References
Communes in Dolj County