pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Richard Barthelmess

Richard Semler "Dick" Barthelmess (May 9, 1895 - August 17, 1963) was an Oscar-nominated American movie actor. He was nominated for the first Academy Award in the Best Actor category in 1928.
Movie career
Barthelmess was born in New York City. He went to Hudson River Military Academy and Trinity College at Hartford, Connecticut. He worked in theaters during his school days doing "walk-ons". In college, he played in amateur productions.
He made his first movie appearance in 1916 in a movie serial as an extra. At this time, he also appeared as a supporting player in several movies. Director D. W. Griffith saw him. He cast Barthelmess opposite Lillian Gish in Broken Blossoms (1919) and Way Down East (1920).
He soon became one of Hollywood's highest paid actors. He was nominated for Best Actor at the first Academy Awards in 1928. He founded a production company, Inspiration Film Company. He starred in the company's Tol'able David (1921). This movie was a great success.
Barthelmess made several "talkies". He failed to hold on to the star status of his silent movie days. He joined the United States Navy Reserve during World War II. He was a lieutenant commander. He never went back to movies. He died of cancer in 1963. He was 68. He was buried at Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York.
Personal
Barthelmess married Mary Hay, a stage and movie star. They had one daughter Mary Barthelmess. In 1927, Barthelmess became engaged to Katherine Young Wilson, a Broadway actress. The engagement was called off, possibly due to his affair around this time with the journalist Adela Rogers St. Johns. In 1928, Barthelmess married Jessica Stewart Sargent.
Honors
Barthelmess was one of the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Barthelmess received the George Eastman Award for distinguished contribution to movies.
Composer Katherine Allan Lively dedicated her piano piece, Within the Walls of China: A Chinese Episode, to Barthelmess. It was published in 1923 by G. Schirmer, Inc. An article in The Music Trades reported that Mrs. Lively was inspired by a seeing Broken Blossoms. She played the piece for Barthelmess and his friends in New York in the summer of 1922.
Notes
References
The First Male Stars: Men of the Silent Era by David W. Menefee.
Richard Barthelmess: A Life in Pictures by David W. Menefee
Other websites
Photographs of Richard Barthelmess
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
Movie serial actors
American silent movie actors
Deaths from esophageal cancer
1895 births
1963 deaths
Virginia House of Delegates

The Virginia House of Delegates is a part of the Virginia General Assembly. The general assembly is the legislature for Virginia. The house is the lower house, while the Senate of Virginia is the upper house. The house has 100 members called delegates. The leader of the house is called the Speaker of the House. The Speaker is internally elected. The current Speaker is Todd Gilbert. The leader of the largest party is called the majority leader. The leader of the smallest party is called the minority leader.
The House of Delegates holds elections every 2 years. The last election was on November 2, 2021, and the next election is on November 7, 2023.
History
The House of Burgesses was the representative body for the Virginia General Assembly. The House of Burgesses became the House of Delegates in 1776.
Composition
Leadership
References
Politics of Virginia
State lower houses in the United States
Earth to Luna!

Earth to Luna! (Portuguese: O Show da Luna!) is a flash-animated children's television series. It was directed by Celia Catunda and Kiko Mistrorigo and produced by TV PinGuim.
Debut
The program premiered on the American channel Sprout, on August 16, 2014. In Latin America, it debuted on October 13, 2014, on Discovery Kids. The first season had 24 episodes, each 15 minutes long. The target audience is children between the ages of 4 and 9 years old.
References
2014 television series debuts
2010s animated television series
2010s children's television series
Gère-Bélesten

Gere-Belesten is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
References
Information
Communes in Pyrenees-Atlantiques
Ennetbaden

Ennetbaden is a municipality of the district Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Bahrenfleth

Bahrenfleth is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
Steinburg (district)
Julio Canessa

Lieutenant General Julio Canessa Roberts (19 March 1925 - 24 January 2015) was a Chilean military and political figure. He was a member of the Government Junta that ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990, representing the Army. He was also a designated Senator between 1998 and 2006.
References
1925 births
2015 deaths
Chilean politicians
Chilean military people
Hochtaunuskreis

The Hochtaunuskreis is a Kreis (district) in the middle of Hesse, Germany. It is part of the Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region.
The Taunus mountains cover the district.
Towns and municipalities
References
Districts of Hesse
Atqasuk, Alaska

Atqasuk is a town in Alaska, United States.
Cities in Alaska
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas

Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is the capital and the only settlement of the island of Tristan da Cunha, in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the South Atlantic Ocean. Locally it is always called "The Settlement".
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is regarded as the most remote permanent settlement on Earth, being from the nearest human settlement, on Saint Helena.
History
The first permanent settler was Jonathan Lambert, from Salem, Massachusetts, United States, who came to the islands in December 1810. He declared the islands his property and named them the Islands of Refreshment. Lambert's rule was short-lived, as he died in 1812.
The settlement was founded on the island of Tristan da Cunha in 1816 by a Corporal William Glass (with his South African wife and two children) after the UK annexed Tristan da Cunha. A military garrison was maintained on the islands as a guard against any French attempts to rescue Napoleon, imprisoned on Saint Helena. The military garrison remained until the end of World War II.
It is named after Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria, in honour of his visit to the island in 1867, after which the Settlement was officially (but never locally!) known as Edinburgh of the Seven Seas.
It was damaged in a volcanic eruption near the Settlement in 1961 which forced the entire population to abandon the settlement and move to the UK. The eruption destroyed the settlement's crayfish factory. The following year a Royal Society expedition went to the islands to assess the damage, and reported that the settlement of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas had been only marginally affected. Most families returned in 1963.
After the return of most of the islanders in 1963, the Settlement was rebuilt. The harbour at Edinburgh was named Calshot Harbour, after the place in Hampshire where the islanders temporarily stayed.
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is the only major settlement of Tristan da Cunha, and contains a small port, the Administrator's residence, and the post office. There is a school, St Mary's School, with five classrooms, a computer room and other facilities.
Climate
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas has a mild and humid oceanic climate, with moderate temperatures throughout the year.
Gallery
References
Other websites
DS World's Lands: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas
tripadvisor: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas
Tristan da Cunha
Footbridge

A footbridge is a bridge that was built to be mainly used by pedestrians. Some footbridges are also built for bicycle riders, horses or other animals. Footbridges are different from other bridges which are built to carry cars and other vehicles, or to allow a railway to pass.
Images
Bridge types
Lois Nettleton

Lois Nettleton (August 16, 1927 - January 18, 2008) was an American actress. She acted in television and movies and on stage. She was a semifinalist at the 1948 Miss America pageant. She acted in dozens of television shows, including Gunsmoke and Daniel Boone.
Nettleton was born in Oak Park, Illinois. She died of lung cancer in California at age 80.
American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from Illinois
1927 births
2008 deaths
Fructose

Fructose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) found in many foods. It is also one of the three most important blood sugars, the other two are glucose and galactose. Honey; tree fruits; berries; melons; and some root vegetables, such as beets, sweet potatoes, parsnips and onions, contain fructose, usually with sucrose and glucose. Processed foods also contain fructose due to how sweet it is.
References
Other websites
Fructose
Carbohydrate metabolism
Fructose Information Center
Monosaccharides
Sweeteners
Limousine

Limousines are luxury cars. They are longer than regular cars. The front and rear wheels are far apart. A limousine may have security features such as bulletproof glass.
Car classifications
Land vehicles
Tereza Vanžurová

Tereza Vanzurova (born 12 November 1992) is a Czech volleyball player.
She played at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship and 2015 FIVB World Grand Prix.
She played for VK Kralovo Pole Brno.
References
1992 births
Living people
Czech volleyball players
Environmental geology

Environmental geology is a type of science that focuses on solving environmental problems. Environmental geology includes studying the Earth with geomorphology and dealing with industrial and domestic waste disposal. This is to lower the effects of pollution. It is also for managing natural resources such as fossil fuels, minerals and water.
References
subfields of geology
Doraville, Georgia

Doraville is a city in DeKalb County, Georgia, United States.
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Abdoulaye Wade

Abdoulaye Wade (born 29 May 1926) is a Senegalese politician. He was the third President of Senegal, serving from 2000 to 2012.
References
1926 births
Living people
Presidents of Senegal
Rosamund Pike

Rosamund Pike (born 27 January 1979) is an English actress. She became known in the 2002 movie Die Another Day in which she played the Bond girl and double agent Miranda Frost. She also played Helen in the 2012 melodrama movie Jack Reacher. Her role in Gone Girl got her an Academy Award nomination. Pike was born in London.
References
1979 births
Living people
Actors from London
Actors who played Bond villains
Actresses who played Bond girls
English movie actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English television actors
Necessary and sufficient conditions

In science, the terms necessary and sufficient are often used. Some conditions are necessary, meaning that they are needed for something to happen. while others are sufficient, meaning that they are enough to make something happen.
Necessity
In logic, a necessary condition for a logical statement is a logical consequence of the statement, in the sense that if statement is true, then the condition must have held.
Sufficiency
A sufficient condition for a statement is a logical precursor of the statement, in the sense that if the condition is true, then so will the statement.
Mixed use of necessity and sufficiency
Generally, a sufficient condition for a statement needs not be a necessary condition for the same statement (and vice versa). This means that some sufficient conditions are not necessary, and that some necessary conditions are not sufficient.
In logic, the term if and only if (shortened to iff) is often used to describe a condition that is both necessary and sufficient.
Australian philosopher John Leslie Mackie introduced the term INUS condition. INUS stands for "insufficient, but necessary part of an unnecessary but sufficient condition".
Related pages
Causality
References
Logic
Philosophy of science
Dom Justo Takayama

Dom Justo Takayama (1552-4 February 1615), also known as , was a Japanese samurai and daimyo. He was a Christian at a time when the religion was not permitted in Japan.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi persecuted Christianity and, in 1587, he made all missionaries and Christians leave Japan. While many daimyo obeyed this order and rejected Catholicism, Justo proclaimed that he would maintain his religion and rather give up his land and property. Justo lived under the protection of his friends for several decades, but following the 1614 prohibition of Christianity by Tokugawa Ieyasu, the ruler of the time, he was made to leave Japan.
In the Philippines
On November 8, 1614, together with 300 Japanese Christians he left his home country from Nagasaki. He arrived at Manila on December 21 and was greeted warmly by the Spanish Jesuits and the local Filipinos there. He settled in Plaza Dilao, Paco together with more than 3,000 Japanese who aleady liveed there.
Legacy
When Takayama died in 1615, the Spanish government buried him with a Christian burial with full military honors as a Daimyo. He is the first Daimyo to be
buried in Philippine soil.
There is a statue of Dom Justo Takayama in Plaza Dilao, Manila. Today there is a statue of Justo with a sword and a figure of a crucified Jesus.
In 1994, the Diocese of Tokyo formally petitioned the Vatican to look into whether Takayama should be recognized as a saint.
References
Other websites
kirishitanDa Ming Gao Shan You Jin Yan Jiu Shi
1552 births
1615 deaths
Samurai
Christians
Daimyo
People from Nara Prefecture
David Birney

David Edwin Birney (April 23, 1939 - April 29, 2022) was an American actor and director. His career lasted from 1965 until his retirement in 2007. He was known for his role as Dr. Ben Samuels in St. Elsewhere from 1982 until 1983. He also played Bernie Steinberg in Bridget Loves Bernie.
Birney appeared in the movies Caravan to Vaccares (1974), Trial by Combat (1976), Au revoir a lundi (1979), Oh, God! Book II (1980), Prettykill (1987), and Nightfall (1988)
He played Anakin Skywalker in the radio version of Return of the Jedi.
Birney was born in Washington, D.C.. He was raised in Brooklyn, Ohio and Cleveland, Ohio. He studied at Dartmouth College and the University of California, Los Angeles. He was married to actress Meredith Baxter from 1974 until their divorce in 1989. They had three children.
In December 2017, it was announced that Birney was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. He died from the disease on April 29, 2022 in Santa Monica, California, one week after his 83rd birthday.
References
1939 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
Actors from Los Angeles
American theatre directors
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
American television writers
Writers from Washington, D.C.
American voice actors
American radio actors
Actors from Cleveland
Writers from Cleveland
Screenwriters from Ohio
Abdulla Yameen

Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom ('abdhu yaameen 'abdhul ga'yoom ; born 21 May 1959) is a Maldivian politician who was the 6th President of the Maldives from 2013 to 2018. He left office on 17 November 2018 after losing the 2018 presidential election.
As of February 2020, he was in jail at Maafushi Prison for money-laundering crimes.
References
1959 births
Living people
Presidents of the Maldives
Singapore Flyer

The Singapore Flyer is the tallest ferris wheel in the world. It is next to The Float@Marina Bay. It was officially opened on April 15, 2008.
References
Other websites
Official website
Buildings and structures in Singapore
Ferris wheels
2008 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in Singapore
Cayeux-sur-Mer

Cayeux-sur-Mer is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Communes in Somme
Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers

Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers was a group of musicians. They were making music from the 1980s decade to 2002. Starting in 1996, they started singing the theme song for the TV show for children, Arthur.
References
Jamaican musicians
Hawthorne effect

The Hawthorne effect is a form of reactivity. When the group which is under study knows about the study and their behavior changes after knowing that they are being studied, this change of behavior is the Hawthorne effect. For example: a group of 10 people are being studied for their health after exercising. Without knowing that they are being studied, they do or not do exercise, but after knowing that they are being studied they regularly do exercise.
Sociology
Cognition
301 Deansgate

Beetham Tower (also known as the Hilton Tower) is a landmark 47-storey mixed use skyscraper in Manchester, England. Completed in 2006, it is named after its developers, the Beetham Organisation, and was designed by SimpsonHaugh and Partners. The development occupies a sliver of land at the top of Deansgate, hence its elongated plan, and was proposed in July 2003, with construction starting a year later.
At a height of , it is the tallest externally complete building in Manchester and tallest outside London in the United Kingdom. It was described by the Financial Times as "the UK's first proper skyscraper outside London". From 2006 to 2018, the skyscraper was the tallest building in Manchester and outside London in the United Kingdom. In November 2018 it was surpassed by the newly topped out South Tower at Deansgate Square; which is tall.
As a result of the elongated floor plan, the structure is one of the thinnest skyscrapers in the world with a height to width ratio of 10:1 on the east west facade, but is noticeably wider on the north south facade. A four-metre cantilever marks the transition between hotel and residential use on the north facade, and a blade structure on the south side of the building acts as a facade overrun accentuating its slim form and doubles as a lightning rod. The skyscraper is visible from ten English counties on a clear day.
Floors 1 to 22 are occupied by the 279-bedroom four-star Hilton Manchester Deansgate Hotel. The 23rd floor has a four-metre cantilevered overhang with two glass windows in its floor, overlooking the ground from the skybar, Cloud 23, the only such bar in Manchester. The floor has a bar and lounge operated by Hilton. Floors 25 to 47 are occupied by residential apartments.
The top floor penthouse offers views of Greater Manchester, the Cheshire Plain, the Pennines and Snowdonia. The tower is known for emitting a loud unintentional hum or howl in windy weather, believed to emanate from the glass 'blade' atop the building. The hum has been recorded as a B below middle C and can be heard over large parts of the local area.
Architectural response to the skyscraper is polarised and interpretations vary. Some questioned its dominant appearance over the city - particularly over listed buildings with one author going as far to say the skyscraper instantly "torpedoed" any possibility of Manchester becoming a UNESCO World Heritage City - a status Manchester was previously on the United Kingdom shortlist for due its industrial past.
Others feel its dramatic appearance and peculiarity is reflective of Manchester, and that the Beetham Tower symbolises Manchester's reinvention as a post-industrial city - particularly since the bombing of 1996. Nevertheless, it has received praise and was awarded the best tall building in the world in 2007 by the Council for Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
References
Buildings and structures in Manchester
Skyscrapers in the United Kingdom
Alfonso Sastre

Alfonso Sastre (20 February 1926 - 17 September 2021) was a Spanish playwright, essayist, and critic. He was part of the Generation of '36 movement. He was a critic of censorship during the Francisco Franco dictatorship. His best known plays include Death Squad (1953), The Gag (1954), Death Thrust (1960), and Tragicomedy of the Gypsy Celestina (1984). He was born in Madrid.
Sastre died in Hondarribia, Spain on 17 September 2021, at the age of 95.
References
1926 births
2021 deaths
Spanish playwrights
Essayists
Writers from Madrid
Spanish activists
Hoffmann-La Roche

F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG is a Swiss multinational healthcare company. It operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Its holding company, Roche Holding AG, has bearer shares listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The company headquarters are located in Basel.
The company controls the American biotechnology company Genentech. Roche's revenues during fiscal year 2018 were 56.85 billion Swiss francs, or about US$57 billion. Roche is the second-largest pharmaceutical company worldwide.
References
Other websites
1896 establishments in Switzerland
Companies of Switzerland
Basel
Healthcare companies
Mouloud Hamrouche

Mouloud Hamrouche () (born 3 January 1943) was the head of government of Algeria from 5 September 1989 to 5 June 1991.
References
1943 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Algeria
Rusyn Americans

Rusyn Americans (also known as Carpatho-Rusyn Americans or Ruthenian Americans) are citizens of the United States of America, with ancestors who were Rusyns, born in Carpathian Ruthenia, or neighboring areas of Central Europe. However, some Rusyn Americans, like some Rusyn Canadians, also or instead identify as Ukrainian Americans, Slovak Americans, or even Russian Americans
References
Ethnic groups in the United States
1934 FIFA World Cup Final

The 1934 FIFA World Cup Final was the final match of the 1934 FIFA World Cup. It was played between Italy and Czechoslovakia. It was played on 10 June 1934 at the Stadio Nazionale PNF in Rome, Italy.
The last surviving player from that final was Czechoslovak goalkeeper Frantisek Planicka who died on 20 July 1996 at the age of 92.
Route to the final
Match
Details
References
Other websites
1934 FIFA World Cup Final at Planet World Cup
Final
1934 in sports
1930s in Italy
Rome
June events
Hyperplane

A hyperplane is a space composed of 1 less dimension than the space that it occupies. Visually, a hyperplane in a two-dimensional space (a Cartesian plane) would be a line, which is one-dimensional. A hyperplane in a three-dimensional space would be a plane, or some surface, which is two-dimensional.
Geometry
Peter Lorimer

Peter Patrick Lorimer (14 December 1946 - 20 March 2021) was a Scottish footballer. He played for Leeds United making over 500 appearances between 1962 to 1979 and again from 1983 to 1985. He also appeared twenty-one times for Scotland from 1969 to 1976. He was an attacking midfielder.
On 26 February 2021, it was announced that Lorimer was put under hospice care because of a long-illness. He died a month later on 20 March 2021, aged 74.
References
Other websites
1946 births
2021 deaths
Footballers from Dundee
Big Bill Bissonnette

Big Bill Bissonnette (February 5, 1937 - June 26, 2018) was an American jazz trombonist, drummer, and music producer. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. In the 1960s, he led his own group, the Easy Riders Jazz Band, formed his own label, Jazz Crusade, and organized northern tours for Kid Thomas Valentine, George Lewis, and Jim Robinson.
Bissonnette came in first place as "New Young Artist" in the 1965 Jazzology Jazz Poll. Over 30 years later he placed No. 5 among all jazz trombonists in the same poll.
Bissonnette died in New Orleans on June 26, 2018 at the age of 81.
References
Musicians from New Orleans
American jazz musicians
American drummers
American trombonists
American record producers
1937 births
2018 deaths
Robert Conrad

Robert Conrad (born Conrad Robert Falk; March 1, 1935 - February 8, 2020) was an American television series and movie actor. He also hosted a two-hour national radio show. He portrayed Secret Service Agent James West in CBS' TV show The Wild Wild West. He also played an American spy in the series Assignment Vienna. He was born in Chicago.
In 2003, Conrad was involved in a car accident after driving under the influence. He was convicted of drunk driving and sentenced to six months under house arrest. The accident left him partially paralyzed.
Conrad died of heart failure at his home in Malibu, California on February 8, 2020 at the age of 84.
References
Other websites
American television actors
American movie actors
1935 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Actors from Chicago
Bandy

Bandy is a sport like ice hockey but with a ball instead of a puck and on a larger field. It is played on ice. The rules are much like the rules for association football.
Rules
There are 11 players on each team. The game is 90 minutes long with 45 minutes in each half, like association football (soccer). The size of the bandy field is the same as in association football.
The rules are set by the Federation of International Bandy.
International
There are 32 countries in the Federation of International Bandy.
Bandy World Championship for men has been played recurringly since 1957.
Other websites
Federation of International Bandy
Belhomert-Guéhouville

Belhomert-Guehouville is a commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Eure-et-Loir department in north France.
References
Communes in Eure-et-Loir
Dahlonega, Georgia

Dahlonega is a city in and the county seat of Lumpkin County in northern Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 5,242. This city is known for it's rich wineries and its annual Gold Rush Festival.
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Home directory

In computing, a home directory is a special directory (or location in the File system, Apple calls directories folders). Very often, there is one such home directory per user. Some users, which were created by the system and usually do not log in, do not have such a home directory.
A home directory is used to store personal files of the respective user, including written document and settings for programs.
Different Implementations
Unix and Linux
On Unix and Linux-like operating systems, the directory is usually called like the username. It is usually in the /home hierarchy. A user fred would therefore his home directory in /home/fred.
It can be written as ~.
Microsoft Windows
Since Windows 95 there is a directory called My Documents. It was introduced together with My Computer. It helps the users locate their files. Since Windows 2000 it is in the user's profile directory Documents and Settings\username. So a user fred will find his files in Documents and Settings\fred\My Documents. In Windows Vista the directory has lost the My, and is simply called Documents. Other directories, which are similar, may exist. They are called My Music, My pictures and My videos. Since Windows 7 files of a user can be found at \Users\(username)\.
Mac OS X
In Mac OS X, the home directory is in /Users.
Software
San Nicolás de los Garza

San Nicolas de los Garza, is a city and coextensive municipality in the Mexican state of Nuevo Leon. It is a suburb of Monterrey. It is the third-largest city in the state, behind Monterrey and Guadalupe.
Cities in Mexico
Nuevo Leon
1597 establishments
16th-century establishments in Mexico
YG Entertainment

YG Entertainment is a South Korean entertainment company which was founded in 1996. It was founded by Yang Hyun-suk and the current CEO as of 2022 is Hwang Bo-kyung.
Recording Artists
Recording artists
Groups
SECHSKIES
BIGBANG
AKMU
WINNER
iKON
BLACKPINK
TREASURE
Sub-units
GD & TOP (inactive)
GD X TAEYANG (inactive)
Soloists
PSY
Taeyang
Daesung
G-Dragon
Sandara Park
T.O.P
Tablo
Lee Hi
Kang Seung-yoon
Bobby (rapper)|Bobby
Jennie
Rose
Lisa
Eun Jiwon
Jisoo
Record Producers
Teddy Park
Choice37
Jihyuk Jung (David)
Kang Uk-jin
Perry
AiRPLAY
Lydia Paek
Ham Seung-cheon
Future Bounce
iHwak
Rovin
Millennium (Choi Rae-sung)
Diggy
Lion
Independent labels/artists
THEBLACKLABEL
Teddy Park (founder/producer)
KUSH (founder/producer)
Zion.T
Somi
Vince
Loren (under subsidiary Fire Exit Records
Okasian (producer)
Peejay (producer)
R.Tee (producer)
24 (producer)
Actors
Bae Jung-nam
Cha Seung-won
Choi Ji-woo
Choi Seung-hyun
Go Joon-hee
Hwang Seung-un
Hwang So-hee
Im Ye-jin
Jang Hyun-sung
Jang Ki-yong
Jung Chan-woo
Jung Eugene
Jung Hye-young
Joo Woo-jae
Kal So-won
Kansyuji Tamotsu
Kang Dae-sung
Kang Dong-won
Kang Seung-hyun
Kang Seung-yoon
Kim Hee-ae
Kim Hee-jung
Kim Jin-woo
Kim Sae-ron
Ku Hye-sun
Lee Ha-eun
Lee Ho-jung
Lee Hyun-wook
Lee Ji-ni
Lee Jong-suk
Lee Seung-hyun
Lee Soo-hyuk
Lee Sung-kyung
Nam Joo-hyuk
Oh Sang-jin
Ok Go-woon
Park Jae-geun
Park Sandara
Seo Jeong-yeon
Son Ho-jun
Son Se-bin
Yamato Kohta
Yoo In-na
Kim Ji-soo
Comedians
Ahn Young-mi
Yoo Byung-jae
Former artists and trainees
Former artists
1996-1996: Keep Six
2002-2004: Park Han-byul
2003-2004: XO
2002-2005: Swi.T
2003-2006: Wheesung
2003-2007: Big Mama
2003-2007: Lexy
2004-2007: Wanted
2005-2007: SoulStaR
2005-2008: 45RPM
2004-2008: Brave Brothers
2007-2008: Kim Ji-eun
2003-2008: Stony Skunk
20??-2011: Jung Sung IL
2003-2011: Digital Masta
2008-2011: YMGA
2009-2011: Huh E-jae
2003-2013: Gummy
2003-2015: Se7en
2000-2016: Masta Wu
2009-2017: 2NE1
2009-2016: Minzy
2009-2016: Park Bom
2013-2016: BOM&HI
WINNER
2014-2016: Nam Tae-hyun
2014-2017: Stephanie Lee
2014-2017: Lee Yong-woo
Former trainees
Cho Seung-youn (UNIQ)
Go Kyung-pyo
Jang Hyun-seung (Beast)
Jooyi (BP Rania)
Jung Jin-hyung (Mix & Match contestant)
Kid Monster (HOTSHOT and Produce 101 Season 2 contestant)
Kim Bo-hyung (Spica)
Kim Eun-bi (Superstar K2 contestant)
Kim Sang-bin (Produce 101 Season 2 contestant)
Kim Sung-joo (UNIQ)
Lee Chang-min (Boys24)
Lee Ha-nui
Lee Jung-mi (K-pop Star season 1 contestant)
Lee Seo-yeon (Fromis)
Linzy (Fiestar)
Michelle Lee
Oh Jin-seok (Boys24)
P-Goon (Topp Dogg)
Park Ha-na
Park Hyun-jin, (K-pop Star season 6 winner)
SuPearls (K-pop Star season 1 contestant)
Yang Hong-seok (Mix & Match contestant and Pentagon)
Yuna Kim (The Ark)
Zelo (B.A.P)
References
Other website
South Korean record labels
Hill County, Montana

Hill County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 16,096 people. Its county seat is Havre. It lies along the United States border with Canada, abutting Alberta and Saskatchewan.
References
1910s establishments in Montana
1912 establishments in the United States
Montana counties
Athens County, Ohio

Athens County is a county of Ohio in the United States. In 2020, 62,431 people lived there. The county seat is Athens.
References
1800s establishments in Ohio
1805 establishments in the United States
Ohio counties
Flag of Curaçao

The national flag of Curacao is a blue field with a horizontal yellow stripe slightly below the midline and two white, five-pointed stars in the canton.
Curacao
Curacao
Abel Pacheco

Abel Pacheco de la Espriella ( ; born 22 December 1933) is a Costa Rican politician and psychiatrist. He was President of Costa Rica between 2002 and 2006. He was a member of the Social Christian Unity Party (Partido Unidad Social Cristiana - PUSC).
References
1933 births
Living people
Presidents of Costa Rica
Continental United States

The continental United States is the area of the United States of America that is located in the continent of North America. It includes 49 of the 50 states (48 of which are located south of Canada and north of Mexico, known as the "lower 48 states", the other being Alaska) and the District of Columbia, which contains the federal capital, Washington, D.C. The only state which is not part of this is Hawaii (as it is islands in the Pacific Ocean and is not part of North America).
"On May 14, 1959, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names issued the following definitions based partially on the reference in the Alaska Omnibus Bill, which defined the Continental United States as "the 49 States on the North American Continent and the District of Columbia..." The Board reaffirmed these definitions on May 13, 1999."
Some sources incorrectly mix up the continental United States with the contiguous United States (which consists simply of the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia). The contiguous United States (also known as the United States Mainland) does not include Alaska, Hawaii, or any other territories under the control of the United States.
Alaska is unique among the US states as it is part of the North American continent, meaning it is attached via Canada, and so is part of the "Continental United States". However, Alaska is not part of the "Contiguous United States", because it is not attached directly to the lower 48 states.
Citations
Regions of the United States
Woodward's rules

Woodward's rules are a set of rules about how organic chemical compounds absorb ultraviolet light.
They give information about the wavelength of the absorption maximum (symbol lmax ) in an ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectrum of a compound. The rules are named after Robert Burns Woodward. He was a Harvard University professor who won the 1965 Nobel Prize in chemistry. The rules are sometimes called the Woodward-Fieser rules, to also honor Louis Fieser.
The rules build the prediction on the type of chromophores present, the substituents on the chromophores, and changes due to the solvent. Examples are conjugated carbonyl compounds, conjugated dienes, and polyenes.
Implementation
One set of Woodward-Fieser rules for dienes is shown in table one. A diene is either homoannular with both double bonds contained in one ring or heteroannular with two double bonds distributed between two rings.
These rules predict the UV absorption maximum of compounds. Here are two examples:
In the compound on the left the base value is 214 nm (a heteroannular diene). This diene group has 4 alkyl substituents (labeled 1,2,3,4) and the double bond in one ring is exocyclic to the other (adding 5 nm for an exocyclic double bond). In the compound on the right, the diene is homoannular with 4 alkyl substituents. Both double bonds in the central B ring are exocyclic with respect to rings A and C.
References
Organic chemistry
All the Greatest Hits

All the Greatest Hits is an album from the band McFly. They released it on November 5, 2007 and it features all of McFly's UK singles. The album also includes 3 new songs: "The Heart Never Lies", "The Way You Make Me Feel" and "Don't Wake Me Up".
Track listing
Greatest Hits
Five Colours In Her Hair
All About You/You've Got A Friend
Star Girl
Obviously
The Heart Never Lies (radio edit)
Please, Please
Room On The 3rd Floor
Don't Stop Me Now
I'll Be OK
That Girl
Baby's Coming Back
Transylvania
The Way You Make Me Feel
Don't Wake Me Up
All the Greatest Hits - Deluxe Fan Edition
Five Colours In Her Hair
Obviously
That Girl
Room On The 3rd Floor
All About You
I'll Be OK
I Wanna Hold You
The Ballad Of Paul K
Ultraviolet
Please, Please
Don't Stop Me Now
Star Girl
Friday Night
Sorry's Not Good Enough
Transylvania
Baby's Coming Back
The Heart Never Lies
The Way You Make Me Feel
Don't Wake Me Up
Five Colours In Her Hair (US Version)
You've Got a Friend
Memory Lane (Live at the Manchester Arena 2006)
2007 albums
McFly albums
Greatest hits albums
Island Records albums
British Rail MPV

The Multiple-purpose Vehicle or MPV is a purpose-built departmental derivative of a diesel multiple unit. Twenty-five two-car units were ordered by Railtrack to enable it to replace its motley collection of ageing departmental vehicles, many of which were converted from redundant passenger stock.
MPV
Non-passenger multiple units
Damage

In English, the word damage has different, but related meanings:
If physical force is applied to an object, this may change the object. It is possible that the object or tool does no longer work the same way as it did before. The force that was applied, caused damage. Making the object work again is called repairing it or mending it.
If a living thing suffers damage, people usually talk about an injury.
In the sense of the law, damage can also mean that someone can no longer pursue an economic interest, because of something that happened. Depending on the circumstances, the one who caused the damage may be required to repair it.
Basic English 850 words
Raul Meireles

Raul Meireles (born 17 March 1983) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Porto and Portugal national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Aves||rowspan="2"|Liga Honra||16||0
|-
|2002/03||26||1
|-
|2003/04||Boavista||Portuguese Liga||29||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Porto||rowspan="6"|Portuguese Liga||13||0
|-
|2005/06||18||2
|-
|2006/07||25||3
|-
|2007/08||28||4
|-
|2008/09||28||4
|-
|2009/10||||
183||14
183||14
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||5||0
|-
|2008||12||1
|-
|2009||12||2
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||30||3
|}
References
1983 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
People from Porto
Newtonian telescope

A Newtonian telescope is a type of telescope that was invented by the English scientist Sir Isaac Newton. The telescope sends an image to the back of the tube and then reflects it off an angled mirror back up the tube. The image then goes into an eyepiece and into the person's eye. The eyepiece uses one or more lenses that are used to make the image larger.
Early Newtonian telescopes were made for real science work. Now, "newtonians" are mostly used by amateur astronomers. The most popular type is the Dobsonian telescope, which is on a simple rockerbox mount. People like them because they are cheap to make and easy to use.
References
Smith, Warren J., Modern Optical Engineering, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1966, p. 400.
Telescopes
George Newbold Lawrence

George Newbold Lawrence (October 20, 1806 - January 17, 1895) was an American businessperson and amateur ornithologist (bird expert).
Lawrence counted birds for Spencer Fullerton Baird and John Cassin, and the three men wrote Birds of North America in 1858.
Lawrence left his 8,000 bird skins to the American Museum of Natural History. The Lawrence's Goldfinch Carduelis lawrencei was named for him by Cassin.
1806 births
1895 deaths
Businesspeople from New York City
American ornithologists
Halstead

Halstead is a town and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 11,053 people living in Halstead.
References
Towns in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Man-Bat

Man-Bat (The Werebat or Dr. Robert K. Langstrom) is a fictional Batman character who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. He used to be a scientist until drinking a chemical that makes him turn into a half bat half man. His name can sometimes be confused with Batman.
The character has been featured in various media adaptations, such as feature films, television series and video games. He was voiced by Marc Singer in Batman: The Animated Series and Loren Lester in Batman: Arkham Knight.
Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Fictional characters introduced in the 1970s
Zhuyin

Zhuyin Fuhao, often shortened as zhuyin and commonly called bopomofo, is a type of sound-based writing for the Chinese language. In Chinese, "bo", "po", "mo" and "fo" are the first four of the conventional ordering of available syllables. As a result, the four syllables together have been used to refer to many different phonetic systems. For Chinese speakers who were first introduced to the Zhuyin system, "bopomofo" means zhuyin fuhao.
The zhuyin characters are represented in typographic fonts as if drawn with an ink brush (as in Regular Script). They are encoded in Unicode in the bopomofo block, in the range U+3105 ... U+312D.
History
After the overthrow of China's last emperor during the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, the new government in China created Zhuyin to help the common people read more easily. However, the Chinese Communist Party, including Mao Zedong himself, wanted to ban writing Chinese characters altogether and replace them with the Latin alphabet. When the People's Liberation Army defeated the Kuomintang (the founding party of the Republic of China) in 1949 and sent them off to exile in Taiwan, the use of Zhuyin dropped in mainland China because the CPC was interested in using the Latin alphabet for writing Chinese phonetically. However, Zhuyin is still widely used in Taiwan as it is used to type Chinese on computer and phone keyboards.
Features
Zhuyin was made to closely represent the sounds of Mandarin Chinese. Symbols are divided into two categories, the initials (the first sounds in a syllable) and the finals (the main vowel, the glide consonants ([y/i; IPA:/j/] and [w/u; IPA:/w/]) that come before the main vowel and all the sound that comes after it). There are 4 tone marks to represent the 5 Mandarin tones.
References
Chinese language
Adolf Dassler

Adolf "Adi" Dassler (3 November 1900 - 6 September 1978) was a German businessman and entrepreneur. He was born in Herzogenaurach. He started the sportswear company Adidas.
References
Other websites
Biographie:Adidas
1900 births
1978 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
German businesspeople
People from Bavaria
Donny Osmond

Donald Clark "Donny" Osmond (born December 9, 1957) is an American musician, actor, singer, and teen idol. He is also a talk show and game show host. Donny was part of the group The Osmonds before he went solo later on. He was born in Ogden, Utah.
Other websites
1957 births
Living people
Actors from Utah
American child actors
American child singers
American game show hosts
American movie actors
American pop musicians
American television actors
American television producers
Participants in American reality television series
People from Ogden, Utah
Singers from Utah
Musicians from Utah
Tupolev Tu-16

Tupolev Tu-16 (Russian: Tupolev Tu-16; NATO reporting name: Badger) was a Soviet twin-engine heavy bomber designed by Tupolev. It has stayed in service for almost 70 years, and the Xian H-6, which is based on the Tu-16, is still flying today with the People's Liberation Army.
References
Soviet & Russian aircraft
Bombers
William Franklin

William Franklin (1730 - November 1813) was an American soldier, attorney, and colonial administrator, the acknowledged illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin. He was the last colonial Governor of New Jersey (1763-1776). Franklin was a steadfast Loyalist throughout the American Revolutionary War.
Early life
William Franklin was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin, a leading figure in the city. His mother's identity is unknown.
In 1750, Ben told his own mother that William was nineteen years old, but this may have been an attempt to make the youth appear legitimate.
William was raised by Benjamin Franklin and Deborah Read.
Marriage and family
As a young man, William became engaged to Elizabeth Graeme, daughter of prominent Philadelphia physician Dr. Thomas Graeme and granddaughter of Pennsylvania's 14th Governor, Sir William Keith.
While in London, Franklin sired an illegitimate son, William Temple Franklin, who was born 22 February 1762. His mother has never been identified, and he was placed in foster care.
Later that year, Franklin married Elizabeth Downes on September 4, 1762 at St George's, Hanover Square in London.
Career
William Franklin completed his law education in England.
Governor of New Jersey
In 1763, William Franklin was appointed as the Royal Governor of New Jersey, due to his father's influence with the British Prime Minister. He replaced Josiah Hardy, a merchant and colonial administrator. As governor, Franklin signed the charter for Queen's College, which would develop as Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey.
References
1730 births
1813 deaths
Governors of New Jersey
Politicians from Philadelphia
People from Perth Amboy, New Jersey
Philipsburg, Sint Maarten

Philipsburg is the capital city of Sint Maarten. In 2017, 1,894 people lived there.
Philipsburg was founded in 1763 by John Philips, a Scottish captain in the Dutch navy.
References
1763 establishments
1760s establishments in North America
Capital cities in North America
Sint Maarten
Humphreys County, Mississippi

Humphreys County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 9,375 people lived there. Its county seat is Belzoni.
References
20th-century establishments in Mississippi
1918 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties
Ford Taurus

The Ford Taurus was a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1986 through 2006. In 2008 Ford sold a rebadged Ford Five Hundred as the Taurus. They also renamed the Ford Freestyle crossover CUV as the "Taurus X". These cars were produced through the 2015 model year. For 2016 Ford showed a new luxury version of the Taurus. But this version was only sold in China. Ford ended production of the Taurus shortly after due to falling sales and increased demand for crossover models and SUV's.
Versions
The Ford Taurus has had several different changes to the way it was built. Each different version is called a Generation.
References
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Taurus
Full-size vehicles
Montrouis

Montrouis is a coastal communal section in Haiti, located in the department of Artibonite, south of Saint-Marc. It has a population of 18,419 people.
References
Geography of Haiti
Dreaming My Dreams with You

"Dreaming My Dreams with You" is a 1975 song by Waylon Jennings and is the title track to his 22nd studio album Dreaming My Dreams with You. It went to number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Single charts and was covered by Colleen Hewett in 1979 and went to number 2 in Australia.
References
1975 songs
Country songs
Waylon Jennings songs
Colleen Hewett songs
Emmylou Harris songs
Rodney Crowell songs
Martina McBride songs
Marianne Faithfull songs
Crystal Gayle songs
Jewel (singer) songs
Alison Krauss songs
Affair of the Poisons

The Affair of the Poisons was a murder scandal that occurred during the reign of and against King Louis the Fourteenth of France, under which prominent members of the French aristocracy were implicated and accused of trying to assassinate the king.
Murder in France
Harbor Springs, Michigan

Harbor Springs is a city and resort community in Emmet County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,194 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Michigan
Carlos S. Camacho

Carlos Sablan Camacho (born February 27, 1937) was the first elected Governor of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, a commonwealth of the United States. He served as governor from January 9, 1978 through January 11, 1982. He was a member of the Democratic.
Camacho was born in Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands. He studied at the University of Hawaii and at the Fiji School of Medicine.
References
1937 births
Living people
Governors of the Northern Mariana Islands
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
University of Hawai`i at Manoa alumni
10s

Important people
Caesar Augustus, Roman Emperor (27 BC - 14).
Tiberius, Roman Emperor (14-37).
Germanicus, Roman General