pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Settlers of Catan

The Settlers of Catan, sometimes called Catan or Settlers for short, is a board game. More than one person plays Catan at a time. The Settlers of Catan was designed by Klaus Teuber and first published in 1995 in Germany by Franckh-Kosmos Verlag (Kosmos) as Die Siedler von Catan. People play as settlers, each try to build holdings while trading and getting resources. Players get points as their settlements grow. The first player to reach a set number of points, usually 10, wins. The game and its many expansions are also published by Mayfair Games, Filosofia, Capcom, 999 Games, Kaissa, and Devir.
The Settlers of Catan became one of the first German-style board games to become popular outside Europe. , more than 22 million copies in 30 languages had been sold.
The game involves a lot of strategy, while still being fairly easy to learn.
Gameplay
The players in the game represent settlers creating colonies on the island of Catan. Players build settlements, cities, and roads to connect them as they settle the island. The game board, which represents the island, is made out of tiles with six sides. (hexes) of different land types, which are laid out randomly at the beginning of each game. Newer editions of the game began to have a fixed layout in their manual, which has been proven by computer simulations to be fair. They recommend this to be used by beginners. In 2016, editions of the game were released with a conventional fixed layout board in this configuration. The hexes of these editions cannot be rearranged.
Teuber's original design was for a large game of exploration and development in a new land. Between 1993 and 1995 Teuber and Kosmos refined and simplified the game into its current form. Unused mechanics from that design went on to be used in Teuber's following games, Entdecker and Lowenherz. The game's first expansion, Catan: Seafarers, adds the concept of exploration, and the combined game (sometimes known as "New Shores") is probably the closest game to Teuber's original intentions.
References
Board games
Base unit (measurement)

A base unit is a unit of measurement that is not derived from others. An example is the metre in the metric system.
Related pages
SI base unit
Measurement
Shirin Ebadi

Shirin Ebadi ( Sirin Ebadi; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist. She is the founder of Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran. On 10 October 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her "significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially women's, children's, and refugee rights". She was the first ever Iranian to receive the prize.
References
Other websites
Shirin Ebadi at the Nobel Prize website
Shirin Ebadi's autobiography on the Nobel Prize website
Shirin Ebadi's Nobel lecture
Nobel Women's Initiative
1947 births
Living people
Iranian human rights activists
Judges
Iranian lawyers
Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands

Saint Thomas is an island in the Caribbean Sea. It is a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). The territorial capital and port of Charlotte Amalie is on the island. As of the 2000 census, Saint Thomas had 51,181 people, about 47% of the US Virgin Islands total. The district has a land area of 80.9 km2 (31.24 sq mi).
Other websites
Official sites
United States Virgin Islands - Official Website for the United States Virgin Islands Department of Tourism
Districts of the United States Virgin Islands, United States Census Bureau
Map
St. Thomas USVI Google Map - Satellite Map of St. Thomas, USVI
United States Virgin Islands
Julieta Venegas

Julieta Venegas Percevault (born November 24, 1970 in Long Beach, California), is a Mexican singer, songwriter, instrumentalist and producer. She sings pop-rock in the Spanish language. She speaks English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
She plays several instruments such as acoustic guitar, accordion, and keyboard. She has won five Latin Grammys and one Grammy Award. She has composed music for theater and performed in soundtracks for two movies.
Biography
Venegas began playing instruments at the age of 10 when her parents first sent her to piano lessons. Music became her passion. At the start of her career, she collaborated with a few bands in Tijuana, and then later in Mexico City Her first solo album, Aqui, was released in 1998 collaborating with Gustavo Santaolalla. She recorded, toured and played live. In 2000, she recorded her second album, Bueninvento, where she experimented with the electric guitar, and collaborated with producers and musicians including Gustavo Santaolalla, Meme de Real, Quique Rangel, Toy Hernandez and Joe Chiccarelli. In 2003, she released her third album, Si, which was recorded and produced in Buenos Aires and Madrid with guest musicians Cachorro Lopez and Coti Sorokin. In 2006, her fourth album, Limon y Sal, debuted with the help of producer Cachorro Lopez. In 2007, she collaborated with Miranda! to record the song "Perfecta," which became a chart-topping single in 2008 in Latin America. Also that year, she was featured in MTV Unplugged which led to a DVD and CD. The single "El Presente" was drawn from that production. The album Otra Cosa was released in March 2010.
On August 13, 2010 Julieta gave birth to a baby girl named Simona in Mexico City.
Discography
1997: Aqui (+ 300,000)
2000: Bueninvento (+ 500,000)
2003: Si (+ 2,000,000)
2006: Limon y Sal (+ 4,000,000)
2008: MTV Unplugged (+ 1,200,000)
2010: Otra Cosa (+ 1,100,000)
2013: Los Momentos
Awards
Latin Grammy Awards of 2004:
Best Rock Solo Vocal Album (Si).
MTV Video Music Awards Latin America 2004:
Best Solo Artist
Best Artist (Mexico)
Artist of the Year
Premios Oye! 2004:
Best Song of The Year (Andar Conmigo)
Album of The Year (Si)
Rock In Spanish
MTV Video Music Awards Latin America 2006:
Best Solo Artist
Latin Grammy Awards of 2006:
Best Alternative Music Album (Limon y Sal).
Latin Grammy Awards of 2007:
Best Latin Pop Album (Limon y Sal).
MTV Video Music Awards Latin America 2007:
Best Pop Artist
Latin Grammy Awards of 2008:
Best Alternative Album (MTV Unplugged)
Best Music Video Long Form (MTV Unplugged)
Latin Grammy Awards of 2010:
Best Short Form Music Video (Bien o Mal)
References
1970 births
Living people
Latin singers
Mexican singers
Musicians from Long Beach, California
Grammy Award winners
Latin Grammy Award winners
Joseph S. Pulver Sr.

Joseph S. Pulver Sr. (July 5, 1955 - April 24, 2020) was an American horror novelist, editor and poet. Pulver Sr. was born in Schenectady, New York. Pulver started his publishing career in the early 1990s. His works focused from Robert Wiene's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari to H.P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos and Robert W. Chambers' "King in Yellow". His best known works were Nightmare's Disciple and The Orphan Palace.
Pulver Sr. died at a German hospital of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on April 24, 2020 at the age of 64.
References
1955 births
2020 deaths
American novelists
American editors
American poets
Writers from New York (state)
People from Schenectady, New York
Deaths from COPD
Grez-Doiceau

Grez-Doiceau is a municipality in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant.
In 2007, 12473 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 44 North, 04deg 41 East.
References
Municipalities of Walloon Brabant
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Extraction

Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Extraction (originally known as Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Quarantine) is an online multiplayer tactical shooter video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft as a spin-off of Rainbow Six Siege (2015). The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Amazon Luna, Google Stadia, Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S on January 20, 2022. It received mixed reviews from critics.
References
Ubisoft games
Windows games
Xbox One games
Xbox Series X and Series S games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 5 games
Primetime

Primetime (also known as prime time) is a timeslot in the United States on most networks running from 8:00 to 11:00 p.m. Eastern and 7:00 to 10:00 p.m. Central and Mountain. It is the most watched timeslot on television. It is before late night television.
Time
Television
Gilles Deleuze

Gilles Deleuze (, "zheel duh-LOOZ"); 18 January 1925 - 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher. He wrote about philosophy, literature, movie, and art. His most popular books were the two parts of Capitalism and Schizophrenia. The first part is called Anti-Oedipus (1972), and the second part is called A Thousand Plateaus (1980). Both books were written with his academic partner Felix Guattari. He also wrote Difference and Repetition (1968). Some people think that he is among the greatest philosophers. His work is considered very important in philosophy and art, including literary theory, semiotics, poststructuralism, and postmodernism.
Life
Deleuze was born in Paris and lived there most of his life. He went to school during World War II and later studied philosophy and history at the University of Paris. He started teaching philosophy in 1948, and taught at several universities. He married Denise Paul "Fanny" Grandjouan in 1956.
Deleuze worked at the University of Vincennes in Saint-Denis from 1969 to 1987. There he became friends and worked with Michel Foucault and Felix Guattari.
He had a lung removed in 1968 because he had tuberculosis. It was difficult for him to breathe for the rest of his life. He died by committing suicide in 1995.
References
1925 births
1995 deaths
French philosophers
French academics
Ramsey Clark

William Ramsey Clark (December 18, 1927 - April 9, 2021) was an American lawyer, activist and former public official. He worked for the U.S. Department of Justice, which included service as United States Attorney General from 1967 to 1969, under President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Clark died on April 9, 2021 in New York City, aged 93.
References
Other websites
Biography from the Department of Justice website.
Longer biography from the Department of Justice website.
International Action Center Founded by Ramsey Clark.
International Committee to Defend Slobodan Milosevic Where Ramsey Clark signed the petition.
"Neighborhood Bully: Ramsey Clark on American Militarism , interview by Derrick Jensen. Online posting. The Sun (no date).
"Opinion: Ramsey Clark's bloody resume," by Michelle Malkin. Online posting. Townhall January 24, 2002.
"Profile: Ramsey Clark: A Voice of Reason." Online posting. Al-Ahram Weekly 2003.
"Ramsey Clark to defend Saddam." Online posting. Aljazeera December 29, 2004. July 1, 2006.
1927 births
2021 deaths
United States Attorneys General
Politicians from Dallas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
United States Deputy Attorneys General
Lawyers from Dallas
Peter Reid

Peter Reid (born 20 June 1956) is an English football manager and former player. He manages for Plymouth Argyle.
Club career statistics
|-
|1974-75||rowspan="9"|Bolton Wanderers||rowspan="4"|Second Division||27||0
|-
|1975-76||42||2
|-
|1976-77||42||5
|-
|1977-78||38||9
|-
|1978-79||rowspan="2"|First Division||14||0
|-
|1979-80||17||3
|-
|1980-81||rowspan="3"|Second Division||18||2
|-
|1981-82||12||1
|-
|1982-83||15||1
|-
|1982-83||rowspan="7"|Everton||rowspan="7"|First Division||7||0
|-
|1983-84||35||2
|-
|1984-85||36||2
|-
|1985-86||15||1
|-
|1986-87||16||1
|-
|1987-88||32||1
|-
|1988-89||18||1
|-
|1988-89||rowspan="2"|Queens Park Rangers||rowspan="2"|First Division||14||1
|-
|1989-90||15||0
|-
|1989-90||rowspan="5"|Manchester City||rowspan="3"|First Division||18||1
|-
|1990-91||30||0
|-
|1991-92||31||0
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="2"|Premier League||20||0
|-
|1993-94||4||0
|-
|1993-94||Southampton||Premier League||7||0
|-
|1993-94||Notts County||First Division||5||0
|-
|1994-95||Bury||Third Division||1||0
529||33
529||33
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1985||4||0
|-
|1986||5||0
|-
|1987||3||0
|-
|1988||1||0
|-
!Total||13||0
|}
References
1956 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Liverpool
Premier League players
House of Representatives of Liberia

The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the bicameral legislative branch of Liberia, and together with the Senate made up the Legislature of Liberia. The number of seats is fixed by law at 73. The House meets at the Capitol Building in Monrovia.
Notes
Organizations based in Liberia
Waiuku

Waiuku is a country town in the Auckland Region in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located at the southern end of the Waiuku River. It is 40 kilometres southwest of Auckland city centre, and 12 kilometres north of the mouth of the Waikato River.
Towns in New Zealand
Franklin Local Board Area
Auckland
Under My Skin

Under My Skin is a 2004 album by Avril Lavigne. Under My Skin debuted at number-one on the Billboard 200 albums chart and according to Billboard magazine, was ranked number 149 on the list of top-selling album of the 2000s.
Track listing
"Take Me Away" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) - 2:57
"Together" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) - 3:14
"Don't Tell Me" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) - 3:21
"He Wasn't" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) - 3:00
"How Does It Feel" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) - 3:44
"My Happy Ending" (Lavigne, Walker) - 4:02
"Nobody's Home" (Lavigne, Moody) - 3:32
"Forgotten" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) - 3:17
"Who Knows" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) - 3:30
"Fall to Pieces" (Lavigne, Maida) - 3:28
"Freak Out" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld, Brann) - 3:13
"Slipped Away" (Lavigne, Kreviazuk) - 3:34
Bonus tracks
"I Always Get What I Want" - 2:31 - Japanese and UK bonus track. Also released as a B-side of the "Nobody's Home" single.
"Take It" - 2:50 (B-side of "My Happy Ending")
"Nobody's Home" (Live Acoustic Version)- Under My Skin Special Edition
"Take Me Away" (Live)- Under My Skin Special Edition
"He Wasn't" (Live) - Under My Skin Special Edition
"Tomorrow" (Live)- Under My Skin Special Edition
B-Sides and outtakes
"I Always Get What I Want" (Avril Lavigne, Clif Magness) - 2:31
"Take It" (Avril Lavigne, Clif Magness) - 2:50
"Daydream" (Avril Lavigne, Chantal Kreviazuk) - 3:02
"Breakaway" (Avril Lavigne, Matthew Gerrard) Avril wrote this song for Under My Skin, but it was rejected. This song appears in the album Breakaway by Kelly Clarkson and it was released as the first single of the album.
References
Avril Lavigne albums
2004 albums
José Luís Peixoto

Jose Luis Peixoto (born 4 September 1974, in Galveias, Portalegre, Portugal), is a Portuguese writer.
His novels that are in English are Blank Gaze (UK title)/The Implacable Order of Things (US title) and The Piano Cemetery.
His works have been published in France, Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, Finland, Holland, Spain (Spanish and Catalan), Czech Republic, Croatia, Belarus, Brazil, United States, United Kingdom, and Hungary. His novels have been translated in a total of 20 languages.
Peixoto graduated from the Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
Published works
Fiction
2000 - Morreste-me (fiction, narrative)
2000 - Nenhum Olhar (novel)
2002 - Uma Casa na Escuridao (novel)
2003 - Antidoto (fiction, narrative)
2006 - Cemiterio de Pianos (novel)
2008 - Cal (fiction, narrative)
2010 - Livro (novel)
2011 - Abraco (memoir, narrative)
Poetry
2001 - A Crianca em Ruinas
2002 - A Casa, a Escuridao
2008 - Gaveta de Papeis
Plays
2005 - Anathema
2005 - A Manha
2007 - "Quando o Inverno Chegar"
Columns
Writes a regular column in the Portuguese cultural newspaper "Jornal de Letras" and in the Portuguese weekly magazine Visao.
Lyrics
Wrote lyrics for Da Weasel, Misia, A Naifa, Joana Amendoeira and Quinta do Bill.
Literary Prizes
Premio Jovens Criadores, Instituto Portugues da Juventude in 1997, 1998 and 2000
Premio Jose Saramago, from "Fundacao Circulo de Leitores", 2001.
Premio de Poesia Daniel Faria, 2008
Premio Calamo Outra Mirada, 2008 (Spain)
Premio Libro d'Europa, 2013 (Italy)
References
Portuguese writers
1974 births
Living people
European novelists
Dick Dastardly

Dick Dastardly is a fictional character and antagonist who appeared in many animated series by Hanna-Barbera Productions from 1968 onward.
Dastardly's most famous appearances are as a main character in the series Wacky Races and its spin-off, Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines where he appeared as a good guy. he and Muttley appeared as the main villains in the Warner Bros.' 2020 Scooby-Doo CGI animated film Scoob!.
He is partly based on the English actor Terry-Thomas.
Portrayals
Dick Dastardly was voiced by Paul Winchell before being replaced by Jim Cummings, Peter Woodward, Rob Paulsen, Jason Isaacs, Tom Kenny, and Eric Bauza.
References
Fictional characters introduced in the 1960s
Fictional criminals
Fictional British people
Television characters
Movie characters
Hanna-Barbera characters
Scooby-Doo characters
Animated human characters
James Wootton (animator)

James "Wootie" Wootton (born November 15, 1974) is a Canadian animator and character designer. His career began with the Cartoon Network animated television series Ed, Edd n Eddy, created by Danny Antonucci, which premiered on the network on January 4, 1999. Wootton served as a title sequence animator and a storyboard artist during the series' run, which garnered him an Annie Award nomination for the third season episode "Wish You Were Ed" on November 10, 2001. Wootton would later work on George of the Jungle, Kid vs. Kat, Roy, Martha Speaks, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, Packages from Planet X, All Hail King Julien, and Kung Fu Panda: The Paws of Destiny.
Other websites
Living people
Canadian television directors
1974 births
Canadian animators
Melody (singer)

Gabriella Abreu Severino also known as Melody (born February 4, 2007) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter, Melody became known for her falsetto.
Melody has won national notoriety in early of 2015, after posting a video on her Facebook page singing the song "Fale de Mim", a song written by her father, Belinho. In a next video, she tried to do a falsetto by Christina Aguilera that went viral. Soon after, she made another video doing falsetto, this time with a friend of her father's.
Melody is considered one of the most influential Brazilian children on the internet.
References
Living people
2007 births
Brazilian singers
Leigh Francis

Leigh Francis (born 30 April 1973) is an English comedy performer best known for his portrayal of foreign celebrity-obsessed character Avid Merrion in Channel 4 comedy programme Bo' Selecta!, as well as Northern businessman Keith Lemon in Keith Lemon's Very Brilliant World Tour and Celebrity Juice. As Keith Lemon, he has also made many appearances on Big Brother's companion shows Big Brother's Little Brother and Big Brother's Big Mouth.
Filmography
Keith Lemon: The Film (2012)
Other websites
1973 births
Living people
Actors from West Yorkshire
Comedians from Yorkshire
English television actors
People from Leeds
Arsenic trifluoride

Arsenic trifluoride, also known as arsenic(III) fluoride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AsF3. It has arsenic and fluoride ions in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.
Properties
Arsenic trifluoride is a colorless liquid. It melts at -8.5degC and boils at 60.4degC. It is highly toxic. It reacts with water to make arsenous acid and hydrofluoric acid, both very dangerous acids.
Preparation
It is made by reacting arsenic trioxide with hydrofluoric acid or by reacting excess arsenic with fluorine.
Uses
It is used to change nonmetal chlorides to fluorides.
Related pages
Antimony trifluoride
Bismuth trifluoride
Arsenic trichloride
Arsenide
Arsenic compounds
Fluorine compounds
Greg Page (musician)

Gregory John Page, AM (born 16 January 1972) is an Australian singer, musician and actor. He is best known as the original lead singer and a founding member of the children's band The Wiggles from 1991 to 2006 and then again only in 2012. Page has also recorded several solo albums.
References
Other websites
1972 births
Actors from Sydney
Musicians from Sydney
Australian singers
Australian guitarists
Multi-instrumentalists
Order of Australia
Living people
Raorchestes akroparallagi

{{Speciesbox
| image =Raorchestes agasthyaensis.jpg
| status =
| status_ref =
| status_system = IUCN3.1Q
| taxon = Raorchestes akroparallagi
| authority =(Biju and Bossuyt, 2009)
| range_map =
|synonyms=*Philautus akroparallagi Biju and Bossuyt, 2009Pseudophilautus akroparallagi Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009Raorchestes akroparallagi Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, and Bossuyt, 2010
| synonyms_ref=
}}
The variable bush frog (Raorchestes akroparallagi'') is a frog. It lives in India. Scientists have seen it in the Western Ghat mountains between 450 and 1000 meters above sea level.
First paper
References
Frogs of Asia
Monprimblanc

Monprimblanc is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani

Mohammed ben Ahmed Abdelghani (18 March 1927 - 22 September 1996) () was the prime minister of Algeria under President Chadli Bendjedid from 8 March 1979 until 22 January 1984.
References
1927 births
1996 deaths
Prime Ministers of Algeria
The babygirl and the flowerpot

The babygirl and the flowerpot () is a 1970 Vietnamese animated movie, directed by Nghiem Dung.
Production
Artist : Huu Duc
Animator : Dan Quoc, Dinh Dung, Bao Quang, Vu Tan Dan, Kien Hien, Sy Nhac, Song An
Decorating : Khac Y
Sound : Cao Huy
Montager : Nguyen Thi Tam
Color printing by the Vietnamese Technology for Film Production Factory
Awards
Merit prize of Moskva International Film Festival, 1973.
References
Vietnamese animated movies
1971 movies
List of countries by Human Development Index

This is a list of all countries by Human Development Index as included in a United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report (released on 15 December 2020), put together based on estimates for 2019. It covers 187 member states of the United Nations (out of 193), along with Hong Kong (of the People's Republic of China), and the Palestinian territories; 6 UN member states are not included because there is not enough data. The average HDI of regions of the World and groups of countries are also included for comparison.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide. It is a standard way of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, a developing or an under-developed country, and also to measure the effect of economic policies on quality of life. The index was developed in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian economist Amartya Sen.
Countries fall into four wide human development categories: Very High Human Development (66 countries), High Human Development (53 countries), Medium Human Development (37 countries) and Low Human Development (36 countries).
From 2007 to 2010, the first two categories was referred to as developed countries, and the last two are all grouped in developing countries. The original "high human development" category has been split into two as above in the report for 2007.
Some older groupings (high/medium/low income countries) that have been removed were based on the gross domestic product (GDP) in purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, and have been replaced by another index based on the gross national income (GNI) in purchasing power parity per capita.
Complete list of countries
= increase.
= steady.
= decrease.
List of countries by continent
Africa
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
Asia
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
Europe
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
North America and the Caribbean
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
Oceania
South America
List of countries by intercontinental region
Arab League
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
Commonwealth of Nations
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
East Asia and the Pacific
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
European Union
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
OECD
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
Small Island Developing States
10 highest HDIs
10 lowest HDIs
HDI by regions and groups
Countries missing from latest report
UN member states (latest UNDP data)
Note: 2009 publication uses old HDI formula
Non-UN member states (latest UNDP data)
Non-UN members (not calculated by the UNDP)
Notes
References
Human Development Index
Country classifications
Economic indicators
Welfare economics
Grand Canal (China)

The Grand Canal or Dayunhe or Jing-Hang Grand Canal () is the longest and oldest canal and artificial river in the world.
It starts in Beijing; passes through Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang; and ends in Hangzhou.
It connects China's two longest rivers: the Yellow River and the Yangzi.
The oldest parts of the canal were built during the 5th century BC.
The Sui dynasty (581-618 AD) added some other parts. Between 1271-1633, the Yuan dynasty (through Guo Shoujing and others) and the Ming dynasty improved it and built parts to direct water to Beijing.
The total length is . Its greatest height is 42 m (138 ft) near the Shandong mountains.
Song Dynasty (960-1279) engineer Qiao Weiyue invented the pound lock in the 10th century. This allowed ships to travel higher and lower through the canal.
The canal amazed many people throughout history including Japanese monk Ennin (794-864), Persian historian Rashid al-Din (1247-1318), Korean official Choe Bu (1454-1504), and Italian missionary Matteo Ricci (1552-1610).
Historically, flooding of the Yellow River threatened to break the canal. During wartime the canal was even used as a weapon: the dikes of the Yellow River were sometimes broken to flood the enemy troops. But this caused disasters and hurt the economy.
The Canal has greatly improved China's economy and increased trade between the north and south. It is still used heavily to this day.
It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
References
World Heritage Sites in China
Pages with unreviewed translations
Canals
Bodies of water of Asia
5th century BC
Berlingen, Switzerland

Berlingen is a municipality of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Thurgau
Mace

Mace has three principal meanings:
Mace (weapon), a weapon with a heavy head on a solid shaft used to bludgeon opponents
Flail (weapon), a spiked weapon on a chain
Ceremonial mace, an ornamented mace used in civic ceremonies
Mace (spray), a brand of tear gas, often used by police
Mace (spice), a spice derived from the aril of nutmeg
Mace may also refer to:
Mace (construction company), an international consultancy and construction company
Mace (store), a convenience store chain in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Mace (unit), an English term for a traditional Chinese measurement of weight
MGM-13 Mace, a U.S. tactical surface-to-surface missile
Mace: The Dark Age, a 1997 fighting game for arcades and the Nintendo 64
Mace debating, a particular style of debating
Personal names
Mace (surname)
Mace Neufeld, American film producer
Fiction
Mace Windu, a character in the Star Wars movies
Mace Tyrell, a character in A Song of Ice and Fire books
Mace (G.I. Joe), a character in the G.I. Joe universe
Mace is the name of a character in the 1995 film Strange Days
Mace is the name of a character in the 2007 film Sunshine
Places
Mace, a commune of Normandy, France
Hill 262 in Normandy, physical feature known as The Mace during World War II
Mace, Indiana, a small town in the United States
Mace's Hole, the former name of Beulah, Colorado
Mace, Croatia, a village and municipality in Croatia
Mace, Slovenia, a village in Slovenia
Science
Malone antegrade continence enema, a surgical procedure used to create a continent pathway proximal to the anus
Major adverse cardiac events, criterion for evaluating cardiac treatments such as angioplasty
Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope, a telescope being built by ECIL to be placed at Hanle
MACE (acronym)
MACE (gaming convention), Mid-Atlantic Convention Expo gaming convention
M.A.C.E. Music, American record label
Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, an Indian engineering college
Media Archive for Central England, a public sector regional film archive that collects, preserves and provides access to moving image material
Member of the Australian College of Educators
Metropolitan Architectural Consortium for Education
Models And Counter-Examples a computer software for model generation
Related pages
Mase (pronounced "mace", born 1975), American rapper
Maze (disambiguation)
Groundskeeper

A groundskeeper is a person who maintains landscaping, gardens or sporting venues (and their vegetation where appropriate) for appearance and functionality.
Occupations
Gardening
First Class Thieves

First Class Thieves () is a 2005 Croatian comedy movie directed by Fadil Hadzic and starring Goran Grgic, Emir Hadzihafizbegovic, Mladen Vulic, Franjo Dijak, Boro Stjepanovic.
Other websites
2005 comedy movies
Croatian movies
Suryavamsam (TV series)

Suryavamsam () () is an 2020 Indian Tamil-language family drama which currently airing on Zee Tamil and it stars Nikitha Rajesh and Aashish Chakravarthi with Poornima Bhagyaraj in the lead roles. While Anitha Venkat, Caroline, Birla Bose, Gajesh, Ramachandran plays supporting roles.
This series started from 27 September 2020 on Monday to Saturday at 7:00PM (IST) time slot. The story is mainly about the relationship among Family.
Plot
Kalyani's (Sandhana) family disowns her after she gets married to a foreigner without their approval. Years later, Kalyani falls sick, so her daughter Samantha "Sam" (Nikitha Rajesh) decides to reunite the family.
Cast
Nikitha Rajesh as Samantha (Sam)
Aashish Chakravarthi as Surya
Poornima Bhagyaraj as Annammal Selva Ganapathy (Annapoorani)
Recurring cast
Sandhana as Kalyani Chris
Rafi Ullah as Chris
Birla Bose as Shanmugam
Anitha Venkat as Rajalakshmi Shanmugam (Raji)
Gajesh as Shankaran
Caroline Hiltrud as Jayanthi Shankaran
Sindhu as Padmavathi
Dhachayani as Leelavathi
Madhan as Chandru
Ramachandran Mahalingam as Narayanan
Jayaraman Mohan as Srinivasan
Rajesh as Selva Ganapathy (Died in serial)
Kavithalaya Krishnan as Srinivsan's father
Babitha as Srinivasan's mother
Launching
The production decided to launch this family series before March 2020. But due to COVID-19 pandemic, this series unable to continue the shooting. After the serial shooting was permitted in India, This series started the shooting and decided to launch this series.
The first promo was released on YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram by Zee Tamil website on 2nd September 2020.
Remake
This series story was taken from Zee Telugu serial America Ammayi.
International broadcast
The series was released on 21 September 2020 on Zee Tamil and Zee Tamil HD. The show was also broadcast internationally on the network's international channels.
It airs in Sri Lanka, Singapore, the United States, Europe, Malaysia, Mauritius, the Middle East, Africa, East Asia, South Africa, Australasia and North America on Zee Tamil and Zee Tamil HD.
All episodes can be viewed with the app OZEE and ZEE5.
It is also available via Internet TV services Lebara Play and YuppTV.
References
Other websites
Zee Tamizh Official website
Zee Tamil Programming
Tamil-language television series
2020 Indian television series debuts
Rites of Spring

Rites of Spring was an American post-hardcore band from Washington, D.C. in the mid-1980s, known for their fact, jumpy live performances. A part of the D.C. hardcore punk scene, Rites of Spring increased the violence and passion of hardcore while at the same time experimenting with its rules. Lyrically, they also moved hardcore into very personal realms and, in doing so, are usually considered the first emo band.
The band only performed 15 concerts. Vocalist/guitarist Guy Picciotto and drummer Brendan Canty went on to play in the influential post-hardcore band Fugazi in the late 1980s.
References
Emo bands
Post-hardcore bands
Tarcenay-Foucherans

Tarcenay-Foucherans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Tarcenay (the seat) and Foucherans.
References
2019 establishments in France
Communes in Doubs
Katja Luraschi

Katja Luraschi (born 6 January 1986 Riva del Garda) is an Italian volleyball player.
She played at the 2003 FIVB U18 Women's World Volleyball Championship winning a silver medal, and 2005 Women's European Volleyball Championship, winning a silver medal
She played for Volley Bergamo, Unet E-Work Busto Arsizio, Santeramo Sport, Robur Tiboni Urbino Volley.
References
Italian volleyball players
William Devane

William Joseph Devane (born September 5, 1939) is an American movie, television and theater actor. He is best known for his roles as Greg Sumner on the primetime soap opera Knots Landing (1983-1993) and as John F. Kennedy in The Missiles of October (1974).
Other websites
1939 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York (state)
People from Albany, New York
Excavator

An Excavator (sometimes called a digger) is a piece of heavy construction equipment. Excavators are used to dig in the ground or to move large objects. At the base of the machine, it usually has two tracks to move it. Above the tracks is a platform that rotates (180deg or 360deg degrees). The operator sits in a cab and controls the excavator. One set of controls moves the machine forward and backward. Another set of controls operates the arm and the tilting bucket. hydraulic fluid, hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors control the machine.
It is characterized by its four main parts.
Bucket - Also called a scoop, this part is used to take out a huge chunk of soil from the ground. It is made of solid steel and has large teeth to make scooping easier.
Excavators come in different sizes based on the type of work they do. Some are cable-operated excavators. Some also use wheels instead of tracks. There are many types of excavator:
Standard Excavator
Wheeled Excavator
Long-Reach Excavator
Dragline Excavator
Suction Excavator
Crawler Excavator
Hydraulic Shovel
Skid Steers
Bucket-wheel Excavator
References
Construction
Wishaw

Wishaw is a town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is bordered by Motherwell and Carluke, and is split into several areas such as Netherton, Craigneuk, Newmains, Cambusnethan and Pather.
One of only three hospitals in Lanarkshire is in Wishaw. Wishaw General Hospital is at the bottom of Wishaw, easy to find as it is on the main A721 road.
History
The origin of the name is uncertain. One suggestion is that it is from the Scots word for "Wicket gate in the wood", and that it used to be called Wygateshaw. Another theory is that it was originally Viashaw, meaning way or road through the wood. Yet another theory is that the name derives from "Wee Shaw", meaning small wood.
In November 1996, the world's worst recorded outbreak of E. coli occurred in the town, in which 20 people died and around 200 were infected.
People
Wishaw has had a number of famous residents, including:
John Higgins, world snooker champion
Paul Quinn, footballer for Motherwell F.C.
Tommy Gemmell, former footballer of Celtic F.C.
Lee Miller, footballer for Aberdeen F.C.
References
Other websites
Census 2001 statistics for Wishaw
History and Photographs of Wishaw Iron & Steel Works 1859 - 1930
Website of the local Newspaper, the Wishaw Press
Towns in North Lanarkshire
Auburndale, Wisconsin

Auburndale is a village in Wood County, Wisconsin, USA. As of the 2014 the population was 679.
References
Villages in Wisconsin
Wood County, Wisconsin
Itália (footballer)

Luiz Gervazoni (22 May 1907 - 1963) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazil national team.
References
1907 births
1963 deaths
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro
Tsuyoshi Kawaguchi

Tsuyoshi Kawaguchi (born 22 February 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Honda.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="11"|Honda||rowspan="11"|Football League||5||0||||||5||0
|-
|2001||21||0||||||21||0
|-
|2002||0||0||||||0||0
|-
|2003||11||0||||||11||0
|-
|2004||17||0||||||17||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||26||0||2||0||28||0
|-
|2007||17||0||5||0||22||0
|-
|2008||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2009||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||
98||0||7||0||105||0
98||0||7||0||105||0
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Kesennuma

Kesennuma is a Japanese city. It is part of Miyagi Prefecture. Kesennuma is in the northeastern part of the prefecture and faces two coasts: the Pacific coast, and Sanriku coast. Kesennuma borders the town of Minamisanriku to the south. Across the border to the north in Iwate Prefecture, it borders the cities of Ofunato and Rikuzentakata.
The city was heavily damaged on March 11, 2011 by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami and by large fires. Between 1 March and 31 August 2011, many people left Kesennuma. The population went down by about 2,500 people, or 5%.
Damage on March 11, 2011
Sister cities and friendship agreements
Ichinoseki, Iwate Prefecture: Sister city agreement on May 1, 1997.
Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture
Meguro, Tokyo. Kesennuma is a major producer of a mackerel fish called sanma. Meguro holds a large Sanma Festival each year. Kesennuma and Meguro became sister cities at that festival on September 18, 2010.
Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
Jilin, Changyi District, People's Republic of China
Seattle and Kesennuma have a sister port relationship.
References
Cities in Miyagi Prefecture
Cole Camp, Missouri

Cole Camp is a city in Benton County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Granite County, Montana

Granite County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 3,079 people. Its county seat is Philipsburg. The county was founded in 1893, and was named for a mountain which contains the Granite Mountain silver mine.
References
1893 establishments in Montana
Montana counties
Gorilla

Gorilla is a genus of African apes commonly known as gorillas. They are divided into two species, the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) and the eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei).
Behavior
Gorillas may be aggressive when attacked or provoked, but they are naturally gentle. They are generally herbivores, which means that they eat plants. But they also eat insects.
Life span
A gorilla's lifespan in the wild is between 35 and 40 years, although zoo gorillas may live for 50 years or more because they have more food and health care.
Taxonomy
Genus Gorilla
Western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla
Western lowland gorilla, Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Cross River gorilla, Gorilla gorilla diehli
Eastern gorilla, Gorilla beringei
Mountain gorilla, Gorilla beringei beringei
Eastern lowland gorilla, Gorilla beringei graueri
Appearance
Gorillas are large apes. They can be strong like chimpanzees, orangutans and humans. An adult male gorilla can weigh up to 225 kilograms and stand 1.8 meters in height. Gorillas live in family groups called troops. They have a broad chest, wide shoulders, short legs, and long strong arms. They have black skin and hair. Adult male gorillas' hair becomes silver/grey on their backs as they become older. Because of that, older males are called "silverbacks".
Life
Gorillas live in the rainforests in central Africa. They mostly live on the ground, but they can also climb. When on the ground, they walk on their feet and finger knuckles. Troops of gorillas wander slowly through the forests of Central Africa. For about half of their day they search for leaves, vines, and bamboo shoots to eat. Sometimes they also eat ants or termites. For the rest of the day, they lay in the sun and play with their children. If another gorilla threatens them, the troop's leader, the silverback, protects them by rearing up and beating his chest. Although mostly vegetarian, they have long canine teeth or fangs that the adult males sometimes use to fight each other for the troop leadership.
Gorillas sleep in nests that they build on the ground. At the end of each day, each adult gorilla spends a few minutes putting together a soft, flat bed made of leaves, branches, and moss. The young gorillas sleep with their mothers.
The gestation period (when a baby grows inside the mother) of a gorilla lasts between eight and ten months. Gorillas almost always produce one offspring - twins are rare. Gorilla babies begin to hang onto their mothers when they are only a few hours old and will continue to do so for the next three years. Gorillas live up to 50 years in the wild and up to 54 years in captivity.
Gallery
Related pages
Dian Fossey
Ape
References
Theuville, Val-d'Oise

Theuville is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Sword of Grossenwieden

The Sword of Grossenwieden is a sword that was found in Germany, in 2012. Scientists believe that it was made at the workshop that built Ulfberht swords that were not fake.
The sword was found in gravel from the river Weser, at Grossenwieden, which is part of the city Hessisch-Oldendorf in Niedersachsen. Die Gefassteile [or the guard and pommel ] contains sheet metal (en:) containing an alloy of tin and lead. The lead seems to originate from a source that mostly was emptied during the Age of the Romans.
The weight is close to one kilogram.
Literature
Wilfried Schmucking-Goldmann: Deutsches Schwert fur Wikinger. Fund aus der Weser: Archaologen prasentieren Schwert aus dem fruhen Mittelalter. In: hallo Sonntag vom 3. August 2014
Friedrich-Wilhelm Wulf, Robert Lehmann: Das Ulfberht-Schwert aus der Weser. Archaologische und archaometrische Untersuchungen an einem besonderen Fund. in: Archaologie in Niedersachsen 18/2015, S. 128-131
Friedrich-Wilhelm Wulf: Das ULFBERHT-Schwert aus Grossenwieden, Ldkr. Hameln-Pyrmont. Archaologische Untersuchungen In: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 84, Stuttgart 2015, S. 155ff.
Michael Meier: Restaurierung und Befundanlayse am ULFBERHT-Schwert In: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 84, Stuttgart 2015, S. 167ff.
Andrea Troller-Reimer: Die Auswertung der CT-Daten In: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 84, Stuttgart 2015, S. 179ff.
Robert Lehmann: Archaometrische Analysen am ULFBERHT-Schwert In: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 84, Stuttgart 2015, S. 185ff.
References
Swords
Cypriot First Division

The Cypriot First Division is the top division of association football in Cyprus. It is organized by the Cyprus Football Association. Since February 2016, it is sponsored by Cyta and thus officially known as Cyta Championship.
2020-21 teams
AEK Larnaca
AEL Limassol
Anorthosis Famagusta
APOEL
Apollon Limassol
Doxa Katokopias
Enosis Neon Paralimni
Ermis Aradippou
Ethnikos Achna
Karmiotissa
Nea Salamis Famagusta
Olympiakos Nicosia
Omonia
Pafos F.C.
References
Other websites
Top Scorers per season
1934 establishments in Europe
Football competitions in Europe
Republic of Cyprus
Fushūgaku

Fushugaku () is a term used in Japan which means "not attending school". This term is used mainly with Brazilian Japanese children.
Reasons
There are various reasons as to why children do not attend school in Japan. One reason is that they cannot understand Japanese. Another reason is that their parents cannot afford school fees for them to go to school.
Related pages
Homeschooling
Education in Japan
Joanne Whalley

Joanne Whalley (born 25 August 1961) is an English actress. She played Christine Keeler in the movie Scandal. She also played Colleen in Mother's Boys
She was born in Salford, Lancashire, England.
References
English television actors
English movie actors
1961 births
Living people
Product piracy

Product piracy or Brand piracy is the fact that goods with aname that is similar to a well-known brand are produced, and sold cheaper than the original brand. In the long run, the owner of the original brand name has a difficult time justifying the higher prices.
Property crimes
Piracy
Pluto (disambiguation)

Pluto is a dwarf planet in Earth's solar system.
Pluto can also mean:
Pluto (mythology), the Roman god
Pluto (Disney) is the name of the dog of Mickey Mouse
Graham Coxon

Graham Leslie Coxon (born 12 March 1969 in West Germany) is a British musician and artist. He is best known as the actor/painter/singer-songwriter in the English band Blur. He contributed to the bands first six albums, including their famous 1994 album Parklife. Considered by the band members to be one of the singer-songwriters of rock music, his highly individual style is best showcased on songs such as Beetlebum (from Blur's 1997 album Blur) and Coffee, TV (from Blur's 13 extended play). He kept giggleing in the band in 2002.
Blur had already released at least three solo albums while Coxon was a member of the band.
1969 births
English singer-songwriters
Living people
Shah Idrees (artist)

Shah Idrees is a Kashmiri actor and model known for his work in the Indian entertainment industry. He was born on February 25th, 2005, in Lolab Kupwara, Kashmir. Idrees began his career in the entertainment industry as a television actor before moving into the music industry and later making his debut in Bollywood. He is known for his romantic and villainous roles and has been recognised for his work both in India and overseas.
Early Life and Career
Shah Idrees was born into a Muslim family in Lolab Kupwara, Kashmir, to Ali Muhammad, a police officer, and Mumtaza Beagum. Idrees began his career in the entertainment industry as a television actor before moving on to the music industry. His album "Malanga" has over 1.5 million views on YouTube, and his song "Wadas Wafa" has over 6.3 lakh views and was the first Kashmiri song to be captured in Dubai. In 2022, Idrees made his Bollywood debut with "Malanga," which won the prestigious Dada Saheb Phalke Award. He has also worked with brands such as Amazon and Flipkart and is considered the most successful Kashmiri star in the world today.
References
External Links
IMDb
Indian actors
2005 births
Preto Hendrik

Simba Antonio Castelo (born November 23, 1994, Luanda, Angola), better known by his stage name Preto Hendrik, is an African musician, of Angolan nationality, native of Luanda, member of LBA Music. began his artistic career in the year 2016, with music named "Encher a Cara", and "Facil" with group of musicians LBA Musc in 2016.
Discography
Music
References
Other websites
Angolan people
1994 births
Living people
Zumholz

Zumholz was a municipality in the district Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017, Zumholz and Oberschrot became part of Plaffeien.
References
Other websites
Official website
Former municipalities of Fribourg
Gößweinstein

Gossweinstein is a municipality in the district of Forchheim in Bavaria in Germany. It is within the region known as Franconian Switzerland.
Districts
References
Other websites
Official homepage (German)
Franconian Toy Museum
Forchheim (district)
Lim Bo Seng

Lim Bo Seng (27 April 1909 - 29 June 1944) was a Chinese resistance fighter based in Singapore and Malaya during World War II.
1909 births
1944 deaths
Flesquières

Flesquieres is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 261 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Jaime Rodríguez

Jaime Rodriguez (born January 17, 1959) is a former El Salvadoran football player. He has played for the El Salvador national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1991/92||NKK||JSL Division 2||15||4||colspan="2"|-||0||0||15||4
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Yokohama Flugels||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||4||0||4||0
|-
|1993||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
17||4||0||0||4||0||21||4
17||4||0||0||4||0||21||4
|}
Other websites
F-Sports
1959 births
Living people
Salvadoran footballers
Hilton Head Island, South Carolina

Hilton Head Island, sometimes called Hilton Head, is a Lowcountry resort town and barrier island in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States.
It is northeast of Savannah, Georgia, and southwest of Charleston.
The year-round population was 37,099 at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in South Carolina
Islands of the United States