pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Head of state

The head of state is the leader of a country/sovereign state. The powers of a head of state may vary depending on the country. The head of state is usually the highest-ranking official in the country.
Titles
In most republic countries, the head of state is called the president and is usually elected by the people.
In countries that are monarchies, the head of state is a monarch (such as a king), who gets the position through inheritance. There are many titles that a monarch could have, but they all have the same role as a head of state.
Types of heads of state
Executive
Sometimes a head of state has an executive role. This means that they take part in leading the government. In these systems, the head of state is also the head of government. For example, the President of the United States is both the head of state and head of government of the US. There are many republics that operate like this but some monarchies still have a king who runs the government.
Ceremonial
In other countries, the head of state may be a separate person from the head of government. In this system, the head of state has the role of representing the nation and being a neutral non-political leader while the head of government takes care of the executive. This system is used in many modern monarchies such as the United Kingdom. However, some republics such as the Republic of Ireland follow this system/
Vending machine

A vending machine is an automatic machine that sells food or drink or other items.
An automated teller machine is a kind of vending machine, as are arcade games and bulk vending machines for toys or prizes, or anything that sells a physical item, service, or fun in exchange for money. Vending machine foods include snacks such as potato chips, chocolate bars, and candy. Hot vending machine drinks include coffee, tea, and hot chocolate. Cold vending machine drinks include juice, bottled water, and soft drinks. Other merchandise includes newspapers or cigarettes. Vending machines in bathrooms sometimes sell condoms, mouthwas h , or toothpaste and toothbrushes.
The machines usually work when some money (usually coins or paper money) is put in a slot. Then, a button needs to be pushed, or a lever pulled. If there is enough money, the selected item will be dropped to a tray, where it can be taken out by hand. Ticket vending machines will print the ticket. Older vending machines were all mechanical, but most newer ones are partly electronic. Many modern vending machines can accept debit or credit cards in addition to cash.
The first vending machine came about during 1st century AD in Roman Egypt and was invented by the Greek mathematician and engineer, Hero of Alexandria. It dispensed a certain amount of holy water, so people would not take much of it from the temple. People dropped tokens to release a certain amount of water.
In 1615, small machines that dispensed tobacco were placed in English taverns. In 1822, Richard Carlile, an English bookseller and publisher, created a machine that dispensed banned works, so allowing readers to purchase them. During the 1850s and 60s, the first, fully-automatic vending machine was introduced which sold stamps and writing paper.
By the 1880s, coin-operated vending machines were introduced in London and Percival Everitt invented a machine that dispensed envelopes, postcards and notepapers. In 1887, Sweetmeat Automatic Delivery Company set up multiple vending machines in England, which sold chocolates, chewing gums, perfumes and matches. In 1888, the United States of America had its first vending machine, set up by the Thomas Adams Gum Company, which sold tutti-frutti gum. In 1907, one of the early models of the modern-day gumball dispensing machines came out. Through the 1940s and 1950s, soda-vending machines also became popular. Due to this, Coca-Cola immensely increased their sales and currently, has one of the largest number of vending machines in the world.
Japan has a reputation for having some of the most innovative uses of automated vending, providing machines that offer fresh fruits and vegetables, sake, hot foods, batteries, flowers, clothing and, of course, sushi. Japan has the highest per capita rate of vending machines in the world.
References
Commerce
Warraich

The Warraich or Warraich are found in Pakistan and India. They mostly live in Pakistani Punjab and also in Indian Punjab. They belong to Sikh religion and people left in Pakistan converted to Muslim. Apparently, the roots are from shrubs of Chenab River in Gujrat now district Gujrat , Pakistan. In the beginning 20th century the spread all over the Punjab including Pakistan and India after land allocation due to modern Punjab irrigation system introduced by British India government.
Religion
The majority of Warraich are muslim. The Warraich from the Pakistani side of Punjab are mostly Muslim, while those from the Indian states of Haryana and Punjab are predominantly Sikh.
Geographical distribution
In Pakistan, the Warraich are mostly found in the districts of Gujrat and Gujranwala. They also live in Lahore, Multan, Bahawalpur, Dunyapur Tehsil of Lodhran, Faisalabad , Chichawatni and Sargodha.
In India, Warraich are mostly found in Haryana, Patiala and the Amritsar District.
References
Punjabi people
Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Punjabis

The Punjabi people (, pNjaabii Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group native to the Punjab region in northwestern South Asia (Pakistan and India). They come from the Punjab region, which has been home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world including one of the world's first and oldest civilizations, the Indus Valley Civilization. The Punjabi identity is usually cultural and linguistic, with Punjabis being those whose first language is Punjabi, an Indo-European language.
Notes
References
Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Ethnic groups in India
Punjab
Cortland, New York

Cortland is a city in and the county seat of Cortland County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, 19,204 people live in Cortland.
Cities in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
Minnesota Golden Gophers

The Minnesota Golden Gophers are the college sports team for the University of Minnesota. The athletics director is Joel Maturi.
Other websites
Official website
Colleges and universities in Minnesota
Big Ten Conference
Ross Island

Ross Island is an island which was formed by four volcanoes in the Ross Sea, which can be found near the continent, Antarctica.
Geography
Because of the persistent presence of the ice sheet, the island is sometimes mistaken to be a part of Antarctica. Its area is 2,460 km2 (950 sq mi); only a small portion of the island is free of ice and snow. The planet's southernmost active volcano, Erebus (3794 m), as well as the dormant volcano Terror (3230 m), are situated on the island. They were named by Ross after his ships HMS Erebus and HMS Terror. The third highest peak is Mount Bird, and on its slopes are Shell Glacier and Endeavour Piedmont Glacier. Abbott Peak stands between Mount Erebus and Mount Bird.
Despite its relatively small size, Ross Island is the world's 6th highest island.
Discovery
The island was discovered by Sir James Clark Ross in 1841, and it was later named in his honour by Robert F. Scott.
Ross Island was the base for many of the early expeditions to Antarctica. It was and still is the southernmost island reachable by sea. Huts built by Scott's and Shackleton's expeditions are still located on the island, preserved as historical sites.
Today Ross Island is home to New Zealand's Scott Base, and the largest Antarctic settlement, the U.S. Antarctic Program's McMurdo Station. Greenpeace established World Park Base on the island and it ran for five years, from 1987 to 1992.
Claims
Ross Island lies within the boundaries of Ross Dependency, which is claimed by New Zealand.
Wildlife
Ross Island supports a colony of about a half million (500 000) Adelie Penguins.
References
Other websites
NIWA New Zealand
Islands
Geography of Antarctica
Kundalini

In the Hindu religion, there is a strong spirit energy called Kundalini. It lives in all people but nearly always sleeps, curled like a snake near the bottom of their spine, in the first chakra. If it ever wakes up, it climbs the spine and the other chakras, and the whole body and mind of the person fill with energy and understanding. This feels so special that people cannot find words to say what it is like. Some people try to wake kundalini up by meditation or yoga. A person with awake kundalini can help, by sending energy to them. This is called shaktipat.
Kundalini is a Hindu name, but ideas that are nearly the same come from all around the world. Some of these are the Taoist 'greater kan and li', Egyptian 'sekhem', Hebrew 'shekinah', Christian 'Pentecostal fire', Kaballist 'secret fire' and Kalahari 'num'.
References
Hinduism
Heimenkirch

Heimenkirch is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Lindau (district)
Ende Regency

Ende Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara.
Regencies_of_East_Nusa_Tenggara
Aad de Koning

Aad de Koning was a speed skater from Netherlands. Koning competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics. He was born on 25 December 1928 and died on 29 May 2010.
References
Other websites
1928 births
2010 deaths
Dutch speed skaters
Dutch Olympians
Sportspeople from North Holland
People from Purmerend
The Sinner (TV series)

The Sinner is an American anthology crime drama mystery television series. The first season is based on the novel of the same name by German crime writer Petra Hammesfahr. The series was meant to be a "close-ended series" of eight episodes that aired on USA Network from January to August 2017. A second season aired in 2018. The show's third season aired in early 2020.
The series stars Bill Pullman as Detective Harry Ambrose. Other cast members of the show include Jessica Biel, Christopher Abbott, Carrie Coon, Natalie Paul, Elisha Henig, Tracy Letts, Matt Bomer and Chris Messina.
References
Other websites
2010s American drama television series
2010s crime television series
American crime drama television series
Television series set in New York (state)
English-language television programs
Rex Austin

William Rex Austin (23 May 1931 - 23 June 2022) was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He was born in Riverton, New Zealand. Austin was a member of the New Zealand Parliament between 1975 to 1987.
Austin died on 23 June 2022 in Invercargill, New Zealand at the age of 91.
References
1931 births
2022 deaths
New Zealand politicians
Uljana Semjonova

Uljana Larionovna Semjonova (, born 9 March 1952) is a retired Soviet-Latvian basketball player.
Her height is . Semjonova was the leading women's basketball player in the world in the 1970s and 1980s. She was known for having the largest feet ever in women's basketball.
She mainly played for TTT Riga, which was part of Daugava Voluntary Sports Society.
References
1952 births
Living people
Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Latvian sportspeople
Soviet basketball players
Corio, Piedmont

Corio is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Aspres-sur-Buëch

Aspres-sur-Buech is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department and Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region in southeastern France.
Transport
Road
The D993, D994A, D994B, D994 and D1075 roads pass through the commune.
The D1075 road is part of European route E712 at this point.
Rail
Aspres-sur-Buech has a station.
Geography
The area surrounding Aspres-sur-Buech is quite hilly.
Population
References
Communes in Hautes-Alpes
Omomyidae

The Omomyidae are early primates that radiated during the Eocene epoch between about 55 to 34 million years ago (mya).
Fossil omomyids are found in North America, Europe & Asia. It is one of two groups of holarctic Eocene primates with a wide distribution. The other group is the adapids (family Adapidae). Early representatives of the Omomyidae and Adapidae appear suddenly at the beginning of the Eocene (59 mya) in North America, Europe, and Asia. They are the earliest known crown primates, although obviously their origin was earlier, possibly much earlier.
References
Fossils
Primates
Santa Fe Springs, California

Santa Fe Springs is a city in Los Angeles County, California.
Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Anchorage

Anchorage is where a ship lies at anchor.
It can also mean:
Anchorage, Alaska
Anchorage, Kentucky
Anchorage, a source of emotional support
Ray Stantz

Raymond "Ray" Stantz, Ph.D. is a fictional character from the Ghostbusters franchise. He appears in the movies Ghostbusters, Ghostbusters II, Casper, and the animated television series The Real Ghostbusters.
In both live action movies, he was portrayed by Dan Aykroyd, and was voiced by Frank Welker. He is a member of the Ghostbusters and one of the three doctors of parapsychology, along with Dr. Peter Venkman and Dr. Egon Spengler.
Ghostbusters characters
Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 1984
Movie characters
Double album

A double album (or double record) is an audio album that has two units of the primary medium where it is sold, typically either records or compact disc.
Related pages
Triple album
Albums
Marengo, Iowa

Marengo is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
County seats in Iowa
Naomi

Naomi may refer to:
People
Naomi (given name), a female given name
Naomi (in the Book of Ruth in the Bible)
Noemi (trance music), Dutch singer
Music
"Naomi", a song by Neutral Milk Hotel
Naomi (band), a German pop duo
Naomi Awards, ironic and humorous awards
Fiction
Naomi, a minor character from the tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Den-O.
Naomi (novel), by Japanese author Junichiro Tanizaki
Technology
Naomi Internet Filter, free advanced Internet filtering program
Sega NAOMI, an arcade hardware system that spawned the Sega Dreamcast game console
Seventh Heaven (1937 movie)

Seventh Heaven is a 1937 American romantic drama movie directed by Henry King and is the second adaption of the 1922 play of the same name by Austin Strong. It stars Simone Simon, James Stewart, Jean Hersholt, Gregory Ratoff, John Qualen, Rollo Lloyd, Victor Kilian and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1937 drama movies
1930s American drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Henry King
Dolomitenlauf

The Dolomitenlauf is a cross-country skiing marathon in Austria. It was first held in 1970 and has been part of Worldloppet as long as Worldloppet has been around.
References
Other websites
Official website
1970 establishments in Europe
Skiing
Sport in Austria
Tyrol (state)
1970s establishments in Austria
Criminal Tribes Act

The Criminal Tribes Act was one of the many laws passed by the British colonial government that applied to Indians based on their religion and caste identification. The Criminal Tribes Act and its provisions used the term Tribes, which included castes within their scope. This terminology was preferred for various reasons, including Muslim sensitivities that considered castes by definition Hindu, and preferred Tribes as a more generic term that included Muslims. The origins behind the creation of the act concerned Revolt of 1857 where many tribal chiefs as Dhan Singh Gurjar were labelled traitors and considered rebellious.
The Criminal Tribes Act of 1871, expanded in scope through the 1920s, targeted numerous castes in colonial India. According to Simon Cole, a professor of Criminology, Law & Society, the law declared everyone belonging to certain castes to be born with criminal tendencies. They criminalized entire communities by categorizing them as habitual criminals. Because of this label, restriction on their movements was also imposed.
Adult male members of such groups were forced to report weekly to the local police.
Law of British India
History of colonialism
Human rights abuses in Asia
Hendschiken

Hendschiken is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Arthur Polonsky

Arthur Polonsky (June 6, 1925 - April 4, 2019) was an American draughtsman, painter and academic. He was known for partaking in Boston Expressionism. From 1950 to 1960, he taught in the painting department at the Boston Museum School. A movie about his life, Release From Reason, is being made by his son, Emmy Award-nominated director and producer Gabriel Polonsky.
Polonsky was born in Lynn, Massachusetts. He was the son of Russian Jewish immigrants. He was married to Lois Tarlow. The couple had three sons, Eli, D.L. and Gabriel.
Polonsky died on April 4, 2019 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was 93.
References
Other websites
Release From Reason official site
1925 births
2019 deaths
American painters
Jewish American academics
People from Lynn, Massachusetts
Academics from Massachusetts
Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia

Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia () is a 1974 Mexican-American Western film directed by Sam Peckinpah, co-written by Peckinpah and Gordon Dawson from a story by Peckinpah and Frank Kowalski, and starring Warren Oates, Isela Vega, Gig Young, Kris Kristofferson and Robert Webber. It was distributed by United Artists.
Other websites
1974 action movies
1974 thriller movies
1970s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
American action thriller movies
Mexican action movies
Mexican thriller movies
Movies directed by Sam Peckinpah
Movies set in Mexico
Lucy Hicks Anderson

Lucy Hicks Anderson (1886-1954) was an African-American transgender woman.
Life
She was born in Waddy, Kentucky. The doctor said she was a boy. As a child, she insisted on wearing dresses to school. Her mother took her to the doctor, the doctor suggested letting Lucy live as a girl. She changed her name to Lucy at 15, and moved away from home. She married Clarence Hicks in 1920, and she divorced him in 1929. She was a chef and a nanny. She hosted fancy parties, and won awards for her cooking. She married Reuben Anderson in 1944, and lived in Oxnard, California. She saved enough money to start a brothel and speakeasy. In 1945 an outbreak of disease was connected to her establishment. All of the people working there had to be examined by a doctor. It was discovered that Lucy was born male. Her husband Reuben Anderson and her were tried for fraud on their marriage license. Lucy had gotten money because of her marriage to a soldier which was also deemed fraud. She was one of the first African-American transgender people to defend her identity in court, she said, "I defy any doctor in the world to prove that I am not a woman. I have lived, dressed, and acted just what I am--a woman." Lucy and her husband were put on 10 years of probation. She was not allowed to wear anything that was feminine, and her family was banned from Oxnard for 10 years. She moved with her husband to Los Angeles, where she lived until her death in 1954.
References
1886 births
1954 deaths
African-American people
People from Kentucky
Political faction

A political faction is a grouping of individuals, especially within a political organization, such as a political party, a trade union, or other group with a political purpose.
It may also be called a power bloc, or a voting bloc.
The individuals within a faction are united in a common goal for the organization they are a part of. They stick together to achieve this goal and improve their position within the organization.
A political faction could be described as a "party within a party". But political factions are not limited to political parties; they can form within any group that has some sort of political aim or purpose.
Examples of modern political factions
United States
Within the Democratic Party
Democratic Leadership Council
Within the Republican Party
Christian Right (made up of Christian Voice, Moral Majority, Christian Coalition, and Focus on the Family. The Christian Right claims to champion Biblical values)
China
In the history of the Republic of China from 1911 until 1949, factionalisation within the Chinese Nationalist Kuomintang was a large problem for the central government, especially for Chiang Kai-Shek. Warlord factions which had been persuaded to ally with Chiang during the (1926-1927) had to be constantly pacified, as well as regional military governors who ruled regions that were not directly administered by Chiang's central government. Often historians conclude that this lack of unity contributed to the defeat of the Nationalists in holding mainland China during the Chinese Civil War.
References
Etymology on line
Politics
Cha-cha-cha

Cha-cha-cha is the name of a Latin American music and dance, of Cuban origin. It is dance music introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in 1953. The rhythm was developed from a previous dance, the danzon, by a split fourth beat. The name is derived from the shuffling of the dancers' feet.
Music
Many consider the Orquesta Aragon and the orchestra of Jose Fajardo to have been particularly influential in the development of the cha-cha-cha. Outside Cuba, the big bands of Tito Puente (in New York), and Perez Prado (in Mexico City and California) introduced the Cha-cha-cha to a much wider audience.
Dance
Musically, the Cha-cha-cha was perhaps not a great innovation. However, it became hugely popular because people found it easy to dance to. Monsieur Pierre and his colleagues went to Cuba in the early 1950s to study it. They came back to London and codified the dance (sorted it out and wrote it down). It became a standard dance in Latin American ballroom dancing. It is one of the five Latin dances in international competitions governed by the World Dance Council. Today it is still popular as a dance, and is still danced in Cuba.
Other web-sites
Former Latin World Champions Bryan Watson and Karen Hardy give a demo.
References
Dance music
Latin dances
Frances Gifford

Mary Frances Gifford (December 7, 1920 - January 22, 1994) was an American actress who played the lead character in 1930s and 1940s movies. Some of her movies were Stage Door and The Remarkable Andrew.
Gifford was born in Long Beach, California. The actress died of emphysema in Pasadena, California at 73.
Other websites
American movie actors
Actors from Long Beach, California
1920 births
1994 deaths
Sun City, Arizona

Sun City is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, that is within the Phoenix metropolitan area. The population was 37,499 according to the 2010 census.
References
Census-designated places in Arizona
Unincorporated communities in Arizona
The Liberated Earth

The Liberated Earth () is a 1946 Soviet war drama movie directed by Aleksandr Medvedkin. It stars Vasili Vanin, Emma Tsesarskaya, and Sergei Kalinin.
Actors
Vasili Vanin as Mulyuk (as V. Vanin)
Emma Tsesarskaya as Nadezhda Pritulyak
Sergei Kalinin as Kovrygin (as S. Kalinin)
Aleksandr Khvylya as Kostenko (as A. Khvylya)
Aleksandr Denisov as Foma (as A. Denisov)
Vera Altayskaya as Tanya (as V. Altayskaya)
References
Other websites
Russian drama movies
1946 drama movies
1946 war movies
Movies directed by Aleksandr Medvedkin
Soviet drama movies
Soviet war movies
Kleenex

Kleenex is a brand name for many paper products, such as facial tissue, bathroom tissue, paper towels, tampons, and diapers. The name is a popular genericized trademark for facial tissue in the United States. It is a trademark of Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Kleenex products are made in 30 countries and sold in more than 170 countries.
References
Other websites
Official website
Paper
O Brother, Where Art Thou? (movie)

O Brother, Where Art Thou? is a 2000 American crime comedy movie directed by Joel and Ethan Coen and starring George Clooney. The movie is set in Mississippi in 1937 during the Great Depression. The movie's story is a comedy based on Homer's Odyssey.
References
Other websites
2000 movies
2000s criminal comedy movies
2000s road movies
American criminal comedy movies
American road movies
British criminal comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Mississippi
Readfield, Maine

Readfield is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Ken Snow

Kenneth "Ken" Snow (June 23, 1969 - June 21, 2020) was an American soccer forward. He was a two-time winner of the Hermann Trophy. He had an eight-year professional career playing indoor soccer in the United States. He played for the men's national team in 1988. From 1991 to 1995, he played for the Chicago Power. Snow was born in Arlington Heights, Illinois.
Snow died on June 21, 2020 from COVID-19 in Bloomington, Indiana at the age of 50.
References
1969 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
American soccer players
Sportspeople from Illinois
People from Arlington Heights, Illinois
Ulmus villosa

Ulmus villosa (Brandis ex Gamble, the Cherry-bark Elm) is one of the more distinctive Asiatic elms. It can live a long time.
Plants of Asia
Ulmaceae
Tim Borowski

Tim Borowski (born May 2, 1980 in Neubrandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany) is a German football player. His team at the moment is Werder Bremen. A member of the Germany national team since 2002, he has played 33 matches and scored 2 goals.
Club career statistics
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="7"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="7"|Bundesliga||26||1||2||1||2||0||30||2
|-
|2002/03||18||0||4||0||2||0||24||2
|-
|2003/04||25||1||5||5||1||0||31||6
|-
|2004/05||31||7||5||3||6||0||42||10
|-
|2005/06||31||10||3||0||9||3||43||13
|-
|2006/07||17||2||0||0||6||1||23||3
|-
|2007/08||21||2||3||1||7||0||31||3
|-
|2008/09||Bayern Munich||Bundesliga||26||5||2||1||7||1||35||7
|-
|2009/10||Werder Bremen||Bundesliga||||||||||||||||
195||28||24||11||40||7||259||46
195||28||24||11||40||7||259||46
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||8||1
|-
|2006||13||1
|-
|2007||3||0
|-
|2008||2||0
|-
!Total||33||2
|}
References
1980 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Explosion

An explosion is a fast increase in volume and increase in energy made available. It normally makes high temperatures and makes gases. Many natural events can make explosions, such as lightning, volcanic eruptions, meteors, and supernovae. People make explosions mostly by using chemical explosive materials.
A chemical explosion starts pressure waves in the medium where it happens. Explosions are categorized as deflagrations if the pressure waves are subsonic and detonations if they are supersonic. When a detonation happens, the resulting pressure waves are named shock waves.
Unintentional explosions
Unintentional explosions can be caused when chemicals are mixed together, or when pressurized containers or flammable materials are heated or exposed to flames. To cause an explosion, pressure does not have to be present but is always a result of an explosion.
Several safety measures are used to prevent unintentional explosions. Many countries require that chemicals, fuels, and pressurized containers that may explode be labelled with warning labels. As well, many countries have regulations restricting the possession and use of potentially explosive materials so they will only go to appropriate industrial and research uses. Transportation regulations require potentially explosive chemicals, fuels, and pressurized containers to be transported safely.
Intentional explosions
Intentional explosions are caused when armies fire artillery or when air forces drop bombs on enemies. Military engineers handle explosives and arrange intentional explosions during wartime. Intentional explosions are also used by civilians in demolition. They break up old and obsolete buildings and bridges, and break rock and stone for construction. Explosions are made for activities such as mining, construction, and large-scale civil engineering projects such as building tunnels, roads, railways, and dams.
Related pages
Explosion protection
Safety
Military
Dublin, Texas

Dublin is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Climbach

Climbach is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Ningaloo Reef

Ningaloo Reef is one of the largest coral reefs in the world. It is off the North West Cape in Western Australia. It is about long.
Ningaloo has about 200 species of hard coral and 50 species of soft coral. More than 520 species of fish live on the reef. Species that can be found at the reef include whale sharks, manta rays, humpback whales, dugongs, and Potato Cod. There are also six of the world's seven sea turtles including the Green turtle, Loggerhead Sea Turtle, Hawksbill turtle and Flatback turtle.
Marine Park
The Ningaloo Reef Marine Park covers an area of about 5000 square kilometers.
The reef is popular with people from all over the world who come to go scuba diving and snorkeling.
Related pages
List of World Heritage Sites in Australia
References
Other websites
Ningaloo Marine Park (Commonwealth Waters) website
Protected areas of Western Australia
World Heritage Sites in Australia
Reefs
Schöllnach

Schollnach is a municipality in the district of Deggendorf in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Deggendorf (district)
Batman Begins (video game)

Batman Begins is a 2005 stealth/action-adventure video game based on the 2005 movie Batman Begins. It has all of the cast returning except Gary Oldman. It was also going to be released for the PlayStation Portable but got cancelled.
Plot
The game starts out with Batman at the Narrows before going through a tutorial set during the movie's start.
Voice cast
Christian Bale as Bruce Wayne/Batman
Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth
Liam Neeson as Henri Ducard/Ra's al Ghul
Katie Holmes as Rachel Dawes
Gavin Hammon as Sergeant James Gordon
Cillian Murphy as Dr. Jonathan Crane/The Scarecrow
Tom Wilkinson as Carmine Falcone
Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox
Tim Booth as Victor Zsasz
Mark Boone Junior as Detective Arnold Flass
Fred Tatasciore as Ra's al Ghul (impersonator)
Emma Thomas as Dr. Emma Thomas (an Arkham Asylum psychologist)
Wall Pfister as Wally Pfister (a mobster working for Carmine Falcone)
References
2005 video games
Batman video games
Electronic Arts video games
Game Boy Advance games
Nintendo GameCube games
PlayStation 2 games
Superhero video games
The Dark Knight Trilogy
Xbox games
Tain-l'Hermitage

Tain-l'Hermitage is a commune. It is in Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Drome department in southeast France.
Geography
Tain-l'Hermitage is on the left bank of the river Rhone, opposite Tournon-sur-Rhone, which is in Ardeche.
Economy
It produces wines, including Cornas AOC and Hermitage AOC.
Twin towns
Tain-l'Hermitage is twinned with:
Fellbach, Germany
Erba, Italy
References
Communes in Drome
Libreville

Libreville is the capital city of Gabon. It is the largest city in that country. The city has a population of 578,156 people. Libreville is a port on the Gabon River, near the Gulf of Guinea. It is a trade center for a timber region.
The Libreville International Airport, the headquarters for Air Gabon, is about north of the city.
History
The Mpongwe tribe lived in the area long before the French took control of the land in 1839. The city was founded (as Gabon) in 1843 as a trading station. Freed slaves were sent there from the ship L'Elizia. In 1848 it was named Libreville (French for "Freetown"). It was the chief port of French Equatorial Africa from 1934 to 1946.
Libreville was named in after Freetown. It grew slowly as a trading post and a minor administrative centre. It had a population of 31,000 when it became independent in 1960. Since independence, the city has grown more quickly. Nearly half the of the people of Gabon live in the city.
Things to see
Sights in Libreville include the National Museum of Arts and Traditions, the French cultural centre, St Marie's Cathedral, the carved wood church of St Michael, Nkembo, the Arboretum de Sibang and two cultural villages. Gabon's school of administration and school of law are in Libreville. The Omar Bongo University is also in Libreville.
Industry
The city is home to a shipbuilding industry, brewing industry and sawmills. The city exports raw materials such as wood, rubber and cocoa from the city's main port, and the deepwater port at Owendo.
References
National capitals in Africa
Geography of Gabon
Tallvik

Tallvik is a locality in Overkalix Municipality in Norrbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 434 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Norrbotten County
Sunnyvale, California

Sunnyvale is a city in the U.S. state of California. It is near San Francisco and San Jose. It is the seventh most populated city in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is in Santa Clara County and Silicon Valley. As of the 2020 census, 155,805 people were living in Sunnyvale.
Many technology companies have operations in Sunnyvale.
References
Cities in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Settlements in Santa Clara County, California
Anna Larsson

Anna Larsson, nickname: Nora-Anna, born 2 January 1922, dead 14 June 2003, was a Swedish track and field athlete and cross-country skier. As a track and field athlete, she competed for IFK Nora. She broke several women's running world records between 1944 and 1945. After winning an 800 meters running event, she also became first female to run a victory lap at the Stockholm Olympic Stadium.
Awards and recognitions
In 1945, she was awarded the Kamratmedaljen award for best IFK performance of the year. As a cross-country skier, she won a 10 kilometers district championship title.
She worked home at the farm in Oskevik outside Nora until marrying in 1947.
World records
27 August 1944 - 800 meters, time: 2.15,9, at Zinkensdamms IP, Stockholm, Sweden (Swedish national championships)
19 August 1945 - 800 meters, time: 2.14,8, Olympia, Helsingborg, Sweden (Swedish national championship)
30 August 1945 - 800 meters, time: 2.13,8, Stockholm Olympic Stadium, Stockholm, Sweden
5 September 1945 - 880 yards, time: 2.15,8, Stockholm Olympic Stadium, Stockholm, Sweden
References
Sporten i dag 2000-2001, Semic forlags AB 2000, page 101 - Tva av 30 i eliten fore 1950
1922 births
2003 deaths
Swedish middle-distance runners
Swedish skiers
Alexander Dennis Enviro200

The Alexander Dennis Enviro200 (previously known as TransBus Enviro200) is a single decker low-floor midibus. It was built by Alexander Dennis in three generations starting in 2003. The bus was first built by TransBus International until the company was sold to Alexander Dennis.
First generation (2003-2007)
The first generation TransBus Enviro200 was launched in 2003.
Second generation (2006-2015)
The second generation Enviro200 was launched in August 2006.
Third generation (2015-present)
The third generation Enviro200, known as the Enviro200 MMC (short for Major Model Change), was launched in May 2015.
Gallery
Buses
Porto Azzurro

Porto Azzurro is a comune (municipality) on the island of Elba, in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Settlements in Tuscany
Electoral district of Surfers Paradise

Surfers Paradise is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 1972.
Surfers Paradise is on the Gold Coast.
Election results
References
Surfers Paradise
Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities

The Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, also known as the communities secretary or levelling up secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom.
They are responsible for the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities. They are a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom, seventh in the ministerial ranking.
References
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
Housing in the United Kingdom
Pierre-Paul Schweitzer

Pierre-Paul Schweitzer (29 May 1912 - 2 January 1994) was a French lawyer. He was the International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s fourth managing director and chairman of the executive board, serving from 1963 to 1973.
Schweitzer was commissioned as a lieutenant in the French Army after the outbreak of World War II. When France fell in 1940, he joined the French Resistance.
Schweitzer died on 2 January 1994 in Geneva, Switzerland at the age of 81.
References
1912 births
1994 deaths
Managing Directors of the International Monetary Fund
French lawyers
Jim Hawkes

Frederick James Hawkes (June 21, 1934 - May 9, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. He served as a member of of the Canadian Parliament for Calgary West from 1979 to 1993. After the 1993 federal election, future Prime Minister Stephen Harper became the MP for Calgary West. Hawkes was born in Calgary, Alberta. His daughter is actress Terri Hawkes.
Hawkes had dementia in his final years. He died on May 9, 2019 in Calgary, at the age of 84.
References
Other websites
Jim Hawkes - Parliament of Canada biography
1934 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Alberta
Politicians from Calgary
Members of the House of Commons of Canada
Lilium Jet

Lilium Jet is an electrically powered VTOL air taxi developed by the German company Lilium. The five-seat Lilium Jet prototype first flew in May 2019.
References
German aircraft
Pliosaur

The pliosaurs were a group of large marine plesiosaur reptiles. They lived in the Mesozoic era (later Jurassic period). They had short necks and large heads, with large hind flippers. Their sizes ranged from two to 15 metres. They were predators of large fish and other marine reptiles.
The first specimen was found by Mary Anning, on the Jurassic Coast of Lyme Regis, England, in the 1820s. Many of her finds are on display in the Natural History Museum, London.
Their body shape suggests they swam and ate under water.p29 It was suggested by D.M.S. Watson that plesiosaurs fell into two groups. The pliosaurs were large predators which ate large prey in deep water. The other plesiosaurs were long-necked with smaller heads. Their method was as surface swimmers, mostly eating with their head above water, darting down to snatch smaller fish which were feeding on plankton.
Rhomaleosaurus
Pliosaurus
Liopleurodon
Kronosaurus
References
Plesiosaurs
Marine reptiles
People's Welfare Front

The People's Welfare Front is a Tamil Nadu political alliance formed in October 2015. It consists of four political parties: Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi, and Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. The alliance is expected to contest Tamil Nadu and 2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly elections as one unit. Later it made an electoral alliance with Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam and Tamil Maanila Congress.
Reference
Political parties in Tamil Nadu
2015 establishments in India
I'm a Slave 4 U

"I'm a Slave 4 U" is a song from Britney Spears' third album, Britney. It was the first single off that album. It was released in late 2001. It was the only song from the album to hit the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The song created controversy. That was partly because of the words, which could be seen as sexual. It was also partly because of her performance of the song on the MTV Video Music Awards.
Britney Spears songs
2001 songs
Michael Strauss

Michael Strauss (; 1 May 1934 - 17 October 2020) was a German-born Israeli businessman. He was born in Ulm, Germany. His career began in 1958 and he retired in 2001. He was Chairman and President of Strauss Group. His net worth was US$950 million in 2006.
Strauss died on 17 October 2020 in Jerusalem at the age of 86.
References
1934 births
2020 deaths
German businesspeople
Israeli businesspeople
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Captains Courageous (movie)

Captains Courageous is a 1937 American adventure movie directed by Victor Fleming and was based on the 1897 novel of the same name by Rudyard Kipling. It stars Spencer Tracy, Freddie Bartholomew, Lionel Barrymore, Melvyn Douglas, Mickey Rooney, John Carradine, Oscar O'Shea and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 4 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1938.
Other websites
1937 movies
1930s adventure movies
American adventure movies
Movies based on books
MGM movies
Movies directed by Victor Fleming
Movies set in Massachusetts
Cutty Sark for Maritime Greenwich DLR station

Cutty Sark for Maritime Greenwich is a light metro station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) Bank-Lewisham Line in Greenwich, south-east London. It is named for the nearby ship Cutty Sark in the Maritime Greenwich district. It is the most central of the Greenwich DLR stations, in Greenwich Town Centre.
Docklands Light Railway stations
Anna Cataldi

Anna Margherita Cataldi (14 November 1939 - 1 September 2021) was an Italian humanitarian, journalist, movie producer and author. She was known for producing the Academy Award-winning movie Out of Africa. She was the Goodwill Ambassador for the World Health Organization and one of the original United Nations Messengers of Peace.
References
1939 births
2021 deaths
Italian journalists
Italian movie producers
Humanitarians
People from Turin
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Gundam

Gundam is the collective name for all the different Japanese anime series about giant fighting robots called Mobile Suits. There are many series, movies, comic books and video games based on the Gundam franchise. Gundam started what is called the Real Robot genre of anime, where the robots are more like machines than in Super Robot anime.
Anime
Larkana Taluka

Larkana Taluka is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Larkana District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city of Larkana is the capital.
History
During British rule Larkana became headquarters of Larkana District and Larkana Taluka - and for a time was part of the Bombay Presidency of British India.
In 1901 the population was 100,827, compared with 90,15l in 1891. At that time the taluka contained one town, Larkana, and 72 villages.
Administration
Larkana Taluka is administratively subdivided into 18 Union Councils.
References
Talukas of Sindh
Larkana District
Social Democratic Party (UK)

The Social Democratic Party (also known as the SDP) was a centrist political party that was made by Labour Party politicians in 1981 who did not like how left-wing the party was becoming. The SDP was founded on 26 March 1981 by four senior Labour Party moderates, dubbed the "Gang of Four": Roy Jenkins, David Owen, Bill Rodgers and Shirley Williams.
They allied with the Liberals, winning 25% of the vote in 1983 and 23% in 1987. The alliance between the SDP and the Liberals was called the "SDP-Liberal Alliance". Most of the SDP and Liberals merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats.
David Owen continued to lead a much reduced party until 1990. It continued with even less success until In November 2018 it got its first and only European parliamentarian when Patrick O'Flynn, Member of the European Parliament for East of England, defected from the UK Independence Party.
At the 2022 local elections it gained a seat on Leeds City Council from Labour and, later that year, a Conservative Derbyshire Dales District Councillor defected to the party. They won a second council seat on Leeds City Council in 2023.
References
Liberal parties
1981 establishments in the United Kingdom
Zé Roberto

Ze Roberto (born 6 July 1974) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Hamburger SV.
Club career statistics
|-
|1994||rowspan="3"|Portuguesa Desportos||rowspan="3"|Serie A||17||0
|-
|1995||19||1
|-
|1996||25||0
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Real Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||9||0
|-
|1997/98||6||0
|-
|1998||Flamengo||Serie A||11||0
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="4"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||32||4
|-
|1999/00||27||7
|-
|2000/01||24||2
|-
|2001/02||30||4
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||31||1
|-
|2003/04||30||2
|-
|2004/05||22||1
|-
|2005/06||27||1
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Santos||rowspan="2"|Serie A||12||2
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||30||5
|-
|2008/09||29||4
|-
|2009/10||Hamburger SV||Bundesliga||||
85||3
15||0
282||31
382||34
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1995||3||0
|-
|1996||4||0
|-
|1997||11||1
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||15||3
|-
|2000||10||0
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||8||0
|-
|2004||7||0
|-
|2005||14||1
|-
|2006||7||1
|-
!Total||84||6
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
1991 FIFA U-17 World Championship

The 1991 FIFA U-17 World Championship, the fourth edition of the tournament, was held in the cities of Florence, Montecatini Terme, Viareggio, Massa, Carrara, and Livorno in Italy between 16 August and 31 August 1991. Players born after 1 August 1974 could participate in this tournament.
1991 in association football
FIFA U-17 World Cup
Lee Remick

Lee Ann Remick (December 14, 1935 - July 2, 1991) was an American actress. She was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. She played the female lead in Anatomy of a Murder, Days of Wine and Roses and The Omen.
Remick won a Golden Globe award in 1973. In 1975 she won a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA award.
Remick died of kidney cancer in Los Angeles, California.
Other websites
1935 births
1991 deaths
Actors from Massachusetts
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from kidney cancer
Golden Globe Award winning actors
People from Quincy, Massachusetts
P. N. Bhagwati

Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati (21 December 1921 - 15 June 2017) was an Indian judge. He was the 17th Chief Justice of India, serving from 12 July 1985 until his retirement on 20 December 1986. He introduced the concepts of Public Interest Litigation and Absolute liability in India, and for this reason is held along with Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer, to be a pioneer of judicial activism in the country.
Bhagwati died on 15 June 2017 at the age of 95 at New Delhi, India from renal failure.
References
Other websites
P. N. Bhagwati, Brief biography at Supreme Court of India
1921 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in India
Chief Justices of India
Achterhoek

Achterhoek (Dutch Low Saxon: Achterhook) (literally in English: back-corner) is a region in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. It consists of the eastern part of Gelderland, behind the IJssel river, except for the southwestern part, which consists of the region of (De) Liemers. The Achterhoek region borders the Salland and Twente regions (both province of Overijssel) in the north and the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in the (south)east.
The Achterhoek lies in the Dutch Low Saxon language area and has a dialect of his own called Achterhooks.
Another name for the Achterhoek is the County of Zutphen, which was historically connected to Guelders
Significant towns include Aalten, Borculo, Bredevoort, Doetinchem, Eibergen, Geesteren, Groenlo, Hengelo, Lichtenvoorde, Neede, Silvolde, Varsseveld, Vragender, Winterswijk, Zelhem, and Zutphen.
Doetinchem, Winterswijk and Zutphen are the largest towns in the Achterhoek.
Municipalities
These 10 municipalities belong to the Achterhoek region:
Aalten
Berkelland
Bronckhorst (small part in Liemers)
Doesburg (partially in Liemers)
Doetinchem (partially in Liemers)
Lochem
Oost Gelre
Oude IJsselstreek (partially in Liemers)
Winterswijk
Zutphen
Related pages
Liemers
Salland
Twente
References
Plaatsengids.nl
Regions of the Netherlands