pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Vitória F.C.

Vitoria Futebol Clube is a Portuguese sports club from the city of Setubal. Popularly known as Vitoria de Setubal (), the club was born under the original name Sport Victoria from the ashes of the small Bonfim Foot-Ball Club.
References
20th-century establishments in Portugal
1910 establishments in Europe
Portuguese football clubs
Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria

Pope Shenouda III (3 August 1923 - 17 March 2012) was the 117th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. His papacy lasted for forty years, four months, and four days from 14 November 1971 until his death on 17 March 2012.
Pope Shenouda III died on 17 March 2012 in Cairo, Egypt from respiratory and kidney failure, aged 88.
References
Other websites
Official website
Pope Shenouda III - Coptic Orthodox Church Network: Biography, Online Books, and Audio Sermons
Some Articles by Pope Shenouda III in English
More information about the life of Pope Shenouda III - from Saint Takla Haymanout the Ethiopian Church, Alexandria, Egypt
Common declaration of Pope Shenouda III and Pope Paul VI (1973)
Pope Shenouda III's story and life in Arabic and English
Pope Shenouda III's Life
1923 births
2012 deaths
Copts
Deaths from renal failure
Deaths from respiratory failure
Patriarchs
Bob Steele

Bob Steele (Robert Adrian Bradbury; January 23, 1907 - December 21, 1988) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in Carson City Kid, Island in the Sky, Rio Bravo, Hang 'Em High, Rio Lobo, and in the television sitcom F Troop.
Steele was born on January 23, 1907 in Portland, Oregon. He was raised in Hollywood, California. Steele was married to Louise A. Chessman from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then he was married to Alice Petty Hackley from 1935 until they divorced in 1938. Then he was married to Virginia Nash Tatem from 1939 until his death in 1988. He had no children. Steele died on December 21, 1988 in Burbank, California from emphysema, aged 81.
References
Other websites
Bob Steele - A Biography on (re)Search my Trash
1907 births
1988 deaths
Deaths from emphysema
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Portland, Oregon
Salt in Cheshire

Cheshire is a county in the north west part of England. A long time ago, about 220 million years ago, there was rock salt that was put down in this area. This happened during the Triassic period. Long ago, water from the big ocean came into the land and made a line of marshes with salty water in a place now called the Cheshire Basin. When the water in the marshes went away, it left behind big layers of salt that turned into hard rocks over time.
References
Calvert, A F (1915), Salt in Cheshire, London: E and F N Spon
Hewitson, C (2015), The Open Pan: The Archaeology and History of the Lion Salt Works, Lion Salt Works Trust Research Report 6
Lightfoot, Tom (2000), Open Pan Salt Making in Cheshire: An Illustrated Description, Lion Salt Works Trust Research Report 1
Other websites
Weaver Hall Museum and Workhouse, Northwich
Romans Salt Manufacturers' Association
Anglo Saxons Salt Manufacturers' Association
Normans Salt Manufacturers' Association
Winsford Rock Salt Mine
Cheshire
Margaret, Maid of Norway

Margaret ( ; March/April 1283 - September 1290), was Queen of Scots from 1286 to 1290 after the death of Alexander III of Scotland in 1286.
Margaret was born in Norway. Her father was King Eric II of Norway and her mother was a Scottish princess, also named Margaret. Margaret's mother's father was Alexander III, the king of Scotland. When Alexander died, the Scottish lords decided his granddaughter Margaret should be their queen. At that time, Margaret was three years old.
The Scottish lords and King Erik agreed that Margaret would marry Edward, an English prince. Then, Scotland and England would be one kingdom.
In 1290, Margaret got on a ship to go from Norway to Scotland. On the way, she became sick. The ship stopped in Orkney, where Margaret died. She was buried in Bergen, Norway.
References
Norwegian people
Kings and Queens of Scotland
1283 births
1290 deaths
13th century in Scotland
Abhar

Abhar is a city in northwestern Iran. In the year 2006 there were 55,266 people living there.
References
Cities in Iran
National Stock Exchange of Pakistan

The Karachi Stock Exchange or KSE (founded 1947) is a stock exchange in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's largest and oldest stock exchange and also South Asia's second oldest stock exchange.
References
Stock exchanges in Asia
Economy of Pakistan
Karachi
Organizations based in Pakistan
Har HaMenuchot

Har HaMenuchot (), also known as Givat Shaul Cemetery is the second largest cemetery in Jerusalem. It is located on the western edge of Jerusalem. It opened in 1951 after the Mount of Olives cemetery was captured by Jordan in 1948. The mountain is 750 meters above the sea level and next to Jerusalem Forest.
Other websites
Burial in Jerusalem: The Har Menuchos Cemetery
Mountains of Jerusalem
Cemeteries in Israel
Stade (district)

Stade is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. The district's seat is Stade.
Cities and municipalities
References
Districts of Lower Saxony
Livingston County, Michigan

Livingston County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 193,866. It is part of the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The county seat and most populous city is Howell.
References
1836 establishments in Michigan Territory
Michigan counties
Aberin

Aberin is a municipality found in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, in Spain.
Municipalities in Navarre
Futaba Kioka

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kioka was born in Shizuoka Prefecture on 22 November 1965. She played for her local club Shimizudaihachi SC until 1988. In 1989, she moved to Shimizu FC Ladies (later Suzuyo Shimizu FC Lovely Ladies). In 1989, the club won the championship in Nadeshiko League first season. And from next season, won the 2nd place for 4 years in a row until 1993 season. She was selected Best Eleven 3 times (1989, 1990 and 1995).
In June 1981, when Kioka was 16 years old, she was selected the Japan national team for 1981 AFC Championship. At this competition, on 7 June, she debuted against Chinese Taipei. This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match". She also played at 1986, 1989, 1993, 1995 AFC Championship, 1990, 1994 Asian Games. She was a member of Japan for 1991, 1995 World Cup and 1996 Summer Olympics. She played 75 games and scored 30 goals for Japan until 1996.
Statistics
References
Other websites
1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
Shimizudaihachi Pleiades players
Suzuyo Shimizu FC Lovely Ladies players
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
1991 FIFA Women's World Cup players
1995 FIFA Women's World Cup players
1981 AFC Women's Championship players
1986 AFC Women's Championship players
1989 AFC Women's Championship players
1993 AFC Women's Championship players
1995 AFC Women's Championship players
Footballers at the 1990 Asian Games
Footballers at the 1994 Asian Games
Asian Games medalists in football
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
KPresenter

KPresenter is a free presentation program that is part of KOffice, an office suite for the KDE Desktop Environment.
KPresenter's native format is XML, compressed with ZIP. KPresenter is also able to load presentations from Microsoft PowerPoint, MagicPoint and OpenOffice.org Impress documents.
Related pages
KOffice
References
Other websites
KPresenter homepage
KOffice
Presentation software
Ben Carson

Benjamin S. "Ben" Carson, Sr (born September 18, 1951) is an American neurosurgeon and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he was the 17th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 2017 to 2021. After graduating from Yale University, Carson went to University of Michigan Medical School, and was later accepted to Johns Hopkins University.
In 2008, Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush. He was the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is known for, among other accomplishments, being the first doctor to separate twins that were joined together at the head.
Early life
Carson was born in Detroit, Michigan to Sonya Copeland and Robert Carson. He studied at Yale University and at the University of Michigan.
Medical career
Carson was a professor of neurosurgery, oncology, plastic surgery, and pediatrics, and he was the director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. At 33, he became the youngest major division director in the hospital's history as director of pediatric neurosurgery. He was also a co-director of the Johns Hopkins Craniofacial Center.
He was the first surgeon to successfully separate conjoined twins joined at the head. In 2008 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush. After delivering a widely publicized speech at the 2013 National Prayer Breakfast, he became a popular conservative figure in political media for his views on social and political issues.
In March 2013, Carson announced he would retire as a surgeon, stating "I'd much rather quit when I'm at the top of my game". His retirement became official on July 1, 2013.
2016 presidential campaign
Carson ran for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election.
On March 2 following the 2016 Super Tuesday primaries, Carson announced that while he was not suspending his campaign he "did not see a 'path forward'" and would not attend the next Republican debate in Detroit. On March 4, 2016, Carson suspended his presidential campaign. He later endorsed Donald Trump.
United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (2017-2021)
On December 5, 2016, Donald Trump nominated Carson for the job of United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
On March 2, 2017, Carson was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 58-41 vote.
Personal life
Carson married Candy Carson in 1975. They have three children. He is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
References
Other websites
Carson for President campaign website
In Depth interview with Carson, August 4, 2013
1951 births
Living people
African American politicians
American surgeons
American Protestants
Politicians from Detroit
Politicians from Florida
Politicians from Baltimore
Politicians from Michigan
Scientists from Detroit
Scientists from Maryland
Seventh-day Adventists
2016 United States presidential candidates
United States Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Yale University alumni
Christian

A Christian () is a person who believes in Christianity, a monotheistic religion. Christianity is mostly about the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, in the New Testament and interpreted or prophesied in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. Christianity is the world's largest religion, with 2.1 billion followers around the world.
Views of the Bible
Christians consider the Holy Bible to be a sacred book, inspired by God. The Holy Bible is a combination of the Hebrew Bible, or Torah, and a collection of writings called the New Testament. Views on the importance of these writings vary. Some Christian groups prefer to favor the New Testament, while others believe the entire Bible is equally important. Also, while many Christians prefer to consider the Bible as fully true, not all Christian groups believe that it is completely accurate.
Who is a Christian?
The question of "Who is a Christian?" can be very difficult. Christians often disagree over this due to their differences in opinion on spiritual matters. In countries where most persons were baptized in the state church or the majority Christian church, the term "Christian" is a default label for citizenship or for "people like us".
In this context, religious or ethnic minorities can use "Christians" or "you Christians" as a term for majority members of society who do not belong to their group - even in a very secular (though formally Christian) society.
Persons who are more devoted the their Christian faith prefer not to use the word so broadly, but only use it to refer to those who are active in their Christian religion and really believe the teachings of Jesus and their church. In some Christian movements (especially Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism), to be a born-again Christian is to undergo a "spiritual rebirth" by believing in the Bible's teachings about Jesus and choosing to follow him.
Church life
Many Christians choose to go to church. Most Christians believe this to be a sign of their religious devotion to God and an act of worship. However, some Christian groups think that one can be a Christian without ever going to a church. Though there are many different viewpoints on the issue, most Protestants believe all Christians are part of the spiritual church of Christ, whether or not those Christians go to an actual church each week. On the other hand, Catholics in the past have believed that the Holy Catholic Church is the only true church.
Related pages
Christianity
Religion
Salvation
Meitei Christians
References
Christians
Civil Liberties Act of 1988

The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 (, title I, August 10, 1988, , et seq.) is a United States federal law that granted reparations to Japanese Americans who had been interned by the United States government during World War II.
The act was sponsored by California's Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta, an internee as a child, and Wyoming's Republican Senator Alan K. Simpson, who had met Mineta while visiting an internment camp.
The third co-sponsor was California Senator Pete Wilson. The bill was supported by the majority of Democrats in Congress, while the majority of Republicans voted against it. The act was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan.
Other websites
Campaign for Justice of Japanese Latin-Americans
Text
1988 in the United States
List of French institutions

This is a list of French institutions.
Executive power
President of the French Republic
Government of France
Ministers of France
Legislative power
French Congress of Parliament
French National Assembly
French Senate
Judicial power
Constitutional Council of France
Council of magistrature
French institutions
Government of France
Esperanto symbols

Esperanto, the most used constructed language, has got some traditional symbols during its history.
Green star
The basic symbol of Esperanto is the green five-pointed star. Its five corners represents five continents (according to traditional meaning - Europe, America, Asia, Oceania, Africa), the green color is the symbol of hope. In cases when they use the star outside the flag, they add a letter "E" to it. In Esperanto they call it verda stelo (green star).
Esperanto flag
The esperanto flag has a green background with a white square in the upper lefthand corner, which in turn contains a green star. Esperantists use the flag for representing their language and culture. Swedish esperantist G. Jonson has iniciated use of the green color and the green star. C. Rjabinis and P. Deullin has created final suggestion of the flag in 1893. The green color represents hope and the white color represents peace. In Esperanto they call it Esperanto-flago (Esperanto flag).
Jubilee symbol
During the hundredth (100th) anniversary of Esperanto in 1987, World Esperanto Association has made this special logo. The two (2) inverse rounded letters "E" creates the form representating the Earth. In Esperanto they call it Jubilea simbolo (Jubilee symbol).
Anthem
Esperantists consider the poem La Espero (the hope) by L. L. Zamenhof with music by Felicien Menu de Menil to be an anthem of Esperanto.
Esperanto
Symbols
Nellie McKay

Nellie McKay (born April 3, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter, actress and comedian. She was born in England.
Her songs have many genres including; jazz, rap, disco and funk. Her songs sometimes are feminist and political.
References
American pop musicians
American jazz musicians
Singers from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Comedians from New York City
1982 births
Living people
DJ Hero

DJ Hero is a music video game, released on October 27, 2009 in North America, October 28, 2009 in Australia and on October 29, 2009 in Europe. The game was released for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Wii video game consoles. The game uses a turntable-shaped controller that allows players to simulate the motions of a DJ. The game is a spin-off of the Guitar Hero video game series. It was well-received by journalists. GameSpot gave the game a 8.0 for both the 360 and PS3 and IGN gave the game a 9.0 for both the 360 and PS3. The game had such good sales that it produced a sequel called DJ Hero 2.
References
Other websites
DJ Hero's official website
2009 video games
Music video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Wii games
Swedish Academy for Children's Books

The Swedish Academy for Children's Books () is a nonprofit society. It was established on 26 May 1989 at the Skarholmen Library in Stockholm in Sweden. It is based on the Swedish Academy. Its ambitions is to promote children's and youth literature.
Since 1990, the society awards the Eldsjalen Award.
References
Other websites
official website
1989 establishments in Sweden
Children's literature
Organizations based in Stockholm
Tuskegee

Tuskegee may mean
United States of America;
Tuskegee, Alabama
Tuskegee, Tennessee, home of Cherokee Indian Sequoyah
Other;
Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male a clinical study, conducted around Tuskegee, Alabama, where 399 (plus 200 control group without syphilis) poor -- and mostly illiterate -- African American sharecroppers became part of a study on the treatment and natural history of syphilis.
Tuskegee Airmen the training of a group of African American pilots who flew with distinction during World War II as the 332d Fighter Group of the US Army Air Corps.
Tuskegee University, formerly known as the Tuskegee Institute
Photographic film

Photographic film is a sheet of plastic for recording visual scenes. The plastic has been specially treated to be sensitive to light. The image is recorded on the plastic when the plastic is exposed to light. Film is kept in small canisters (boxes) which protect it from the light. A normal photographic film may hold up to 40 pictures.
Once all pictures have been recorded, the film has to undergo a special chemical treatment. This is called developing a film or film processing. That treatment makes the pictures visible (you can see them), and the exposed film is no longer sensitive to light.
Different kinds of films exist. Some require more light to be exposed than others. Some are black and white only; they record no colors. There are also special films which can record infrared light. Photographic film was invented in the 1880s and replaced the earlier dry plate system.
Films also come in different sizes. 35 millimeter film, the most used size, comes in metal cans or canisters, but there are other camera films that come in paper wrappings or in single sheets.
Uses
Film can only be used once. After that, it cannot be used again (if it is accidentally used again, this results in an artifact called a multiple exposure). When not in use, film needs to be covered from light, otherwise it will record any lights that shine on it. This will make it useless to record a picture. Film comes in a can called a canister to cover it from light rays.
Film needs the right amount of light to make a picture. If the picture is too bright or too dark, it will not record correctly. The longer that the film keeps recording, the more light it will get. If what is being photographed is bright, it will be recorded faster. If it is darker, the film will need more time to record.
Films that need less time to record the picture are known as "faster" films. Different speeds of films are marked with an ISO number. The higher the number, the faster the films. Films can only make a picture from focused lights. If there is no lens to focus light, the film will only turn white from receiving just the light. If a film with an ISO level of 200 instead of 100 is used, it will only need half as much time to record a picture of the same scene.
Examples of ISO numbers are ISO 50, ISO 100, IS0 200, ISO 400, ISO 800, and ISO 1600. The ISO number is sometimes called the ''ASA number'' or the ''film speed''. When the ISO number is low, for example ISO 50, the film takes a long time to record the picture. This is called a slow film. This means the shutter has to stay open for a long time. When the ISO number is high, for example ISO 800, the picture is made in a very short time. This is a fast film. This means the shutter has to open and close quickly.
Before photographic film was invented, photography used glass dry plates. In the 21st century, most cameras don't use film anymore.
References
Related pages
Advanced Photo System
Camera
Photography
Edwardsville, Alabama

Edwardsville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Towns in Alabama
Haddon Donald

Haddon Vivian Donald (20 March 1917 - 23 April 2018) was a New Zealand soldier, businessman and politician. He was a member of the National Party. He was the oldest living former New Zealand Member of Parliament, and, prior to his death, the highest-ranking living New Zealand army officer of World War II. He served in Parliament from 1963 to 1969. He was born in Masterton, New Zealand.
Donald died on 23 April 2018 in Masterton at the age of 101.
References
Other websites
1917 births
2018 deaths
New Zealand businesspeople
New Zealand centenarians
Military personnel of World War II
Politicians from North Island
Fork bomb

A fork bomb is a way of stopping a computer from running by making many copies of a program. A fork bomb copies itself into more than two copies, which then copy themselves into four copies. Then both the original and the copy will keep making copies until the computer can no longer handle it and crash.
For example, a simple fork bomb using the bash shell script is :
:(){ :|:& };:
Here, a function is defined by the name " : ". Inside the curly braces, this function is called and its output is given again to the same function. The " & " is used to run the process in background. The semicolon (" ; ") marks end of the function. The last colon (" : ") calls the function for first time. After that the function keeps on calling itself until computer runs out of memory.
Computer security
List of districts of Delhi

Delhi is divided into eleven revenue districts. Each district is headed by a District Magistrate and has three subdivisions. A Subdivision Magistrate heads each subdivision.
The initial nine districts came into existence from January 1997. Prior to that, there used to be only one district for whole of Delhi with district headquarters at Tis-Hazari. In September 2012, two new districts, viz. South East and Shahdara were added to the city's map, taking the total count to 11.
The District Administration of Delhi is the enforcement department for all kinds of Government of Delhi and Central Government policies and exercises supervisory over numerous other functionaries of the Government. Below is the list of the districts and subdivisions of Delhi:
New List of Districts in National Capital Territory of Delhi
Old List of Districts in National Capital Territory of Delhi
References
Razan al-Najjar

Razan Ashraf Abdul Qadir al-Najjar (11 September 1997 - 1 June 2018) was a Palestinian nurse. She volunteered in the Gaza health ministry. She was a resident of Khuzaa, a village near the border with Israel. She was born in Khuza'a, Khan Yunis.
Her formal training after volunteering was as a paramedic in Khan Younis at Nasser Hospital and she became an active member of the Palestinian Medical Relief Society, a non-governmental health organization. She wore the white coat of the medics and a medics vest with bandages, and was attending those wounded during protests at the border fence between Gaza and Israel during Ramadan.
al-Najjar was fatally shot in the chest by an Israeli soldier as she, with her arms raised to show she was unarmed, tried to help evacuate the wounded near Israel's border fence with Gaza. She was 20 years old.
References
1997 births
2018 deaths
Murders by firearm
Palestinian activists
Chelsea, Massachusetts

Chelsea is a city in Suffolk County, Massachusetts. It is directly across the Mystic River from the city of Boston. As of July 1, 2016, the estimated population of Chelsea was 39,699.
Chelsea is a diverse working-class community. It has a lot of industrial activity. It is one of only three Massaschusetts cities in which most of the people are Hispanic or Latino. (The other two are Lawrence and Holyoke.)
Chelsea was named after a neighborhood in London, England.
References
Cities in Massachusetts
Oceanside, California

Oceanside is a beach city in the state of California. It is the third largest city in San Diego County, California and the 17th largest in Southern California. The city has a population of 174,068 as of 2020. The cities Oceanside, Vista and Carlsbad all form the Tri-City area. Oceanside is south of the Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton.
Climate
References
Cities in California
Settlements in San Diego County, California
Henry de Bohun

Sir Henry de Bohun (died 23 June 1314) was an English knight, the nephew of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford. He was killed on the first day of the Battle of Bannockburn by King Robert the Bruce.
Riding in the vanguard of heavy cavalry, de Bohun caught sight of the Scottish king who was mounted on a small palfrey (ane gay palfray Li till and joly) armed only with a battle-axe. De Bohun lowered his lance and charged, but Bruce stood his ground. At the last moment Bruce manoeuvred his mount nimbly to one side, stood up in his stirrups and hit de Bohun so hard with his axe that he split his helmet and head in two. Despite the great risk the King had taken, he merely expressed regret that he had broken the shaft of his favorite axe.
References
1314 deaths
English knights
Tommy Gunn

Tommy Gunn (born May 13, 1967 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) is an American pornographic actor. He began his career in pornographic movies in 2004.
Related pages
Rocco Siffredi
References
1967 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American pornographic actors
AVN Award winners
Philip IV of Spain

Philip IV (, ; 8 April 1605 - 17 September 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and 1665. He was also sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands and King of Portugal until 1640.
His daughter was Marie Therese of Austria, wife of Louis XIV. All but three of his children died in childhood.
Children
With Elisabeth of France (1603-1644, daughter of Henry IV of France) -- married 1615 at Burgos:
Archduchess Maria Margaret of Spain (14 August 1621 15 August 1621)
Archduchess Margaret Maria Catherine of Austria (25 November 1623 22 December 1623)
Archduchess Maria Eugenia of Austria (21 November 1625 21 August 1627)
Archduchess Isabella Maria Theresa of Austria (31 October 1627 1 November 1627)
Archduke Balthasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias (17 October 1629 9 October 1646), Prince of Asturias
Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria (12 March 1634)
Archduchess Maria Anna "Mariana" Antonia of Spain (17 January 1636 5 December 1636)
Archduchess Marie Therese (1638-1683), married Louis XIV of France and had children.
With Mariana of Austria (1634-1696) - his niece - 1649:
Margaret Theresa of Austria (1651-1673), first wife of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Archduchess Maria Ambrosia de la Concepcion of Austria (7 December 1655 21 December 1655)
Archduke Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias (28 November 1657 1 November 1661)
Archduke Ferdinand Thomas Charles of Austria (23 December 1658 22 October 1659)
Charles II of Spain (6 November 1661 1 November 1700)
Kings and Queens of Spain
1605 births
1665 deaths
Counts and countesses of Flanders
Archdukes and Archduchesses of Austria
Kings and Queens of Portugal
Scute

A scute is a bony external plate or scale, as on the shell of a turtle, the skin of crocodiles or the feet of some birds.
Properties
Scutes are similar to scales and serve the same function. Unlike the scales of fish and snakes, which are formed from the epidermis, scutes are formed in the lower vascular layer of the skin and the epidermal element is only the top surface. Forming in the living dermis, the scutes produce a horny outer layer, that is superficially similar to that of scales.
The dermal base may contain bone and produce dermal armour. Scutes with a bony base are properly called osteoderms. Dermal scutes are also found in the feet of birds and tails of some mammals, and are believed to be the primitive form of dermal armour in reptiles.
The term is also used to describe the heavy armour of the armadillo and the extinct glyptodon, and is occasionally used as an alternative to scales in describing snakes or certain fish, such as sturgeon.
Animal anatomy
Vertebrates
Carbonyl iron

Carbonyl iron is type of very pure iron. Less than 2.5% of the substance isn't iron. Carbonyl iron is a component of radar absorbing material, for stealth purposes. Carbonyl iron is used to treat iron deficiency.
Iron
Bufonidae

Bufonidae is a family of the "true toads". The family has 35 genus. The Bufonidae toads are found almost everywhere and are well known. True toads can be found on every continent except Australia and Antarctica. They can be found in rain forest. They lay their eggs in strings. They will hatch and become tadpoles. However, the genus Nectophrynoides, their young will not develop from a tadpole stage.
True toads do not have any tooth. Their skin looks like warts. They have a pair of parotoid glands on the back of their heads. These glands has alkaloid poison. They get this type of poison from stress. They have also other toxins such as Bufotoxin. Male toads has a Bidder's organ. The organ will become an active ovary if conditions are right. They will then become a female.
Taxonomy
Bufonidae has about 500 species among 37 genus.
References
Books
Stebbins, Robert. Western Reptiles & Amphibians (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Co., 2003.
Halliday, Tim R., and Kraig Adler (editors). The New Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians. Facts on File, New York, 2002.
Other websites
Amphibian and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia - Family Bufonidae
FED.us
Bufonidae recordings from the British Library Sound Archive
Tolweb.org
Bufonidae.com
Toads
Twin Oaks Community, Virginia

Twin Oaks Community is a community in Virginia.
Settlements in Virginia
1967 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Virginia
Waiter

A waiter is a person who serves people often at a restaurant or at a cafe. They are usually called a waiter because they wait for the order. A female waiter is called a waitress. They will take orders and deliver food to customers. A good waiter can also help the customers by recommending the best food in the restaurant or cafe.
Many waiters and waitresses are required by their employers to wear a uniform. Most uniforms used are black and white or all black. Historically the term waiter was used to describe customs officers who waited on the tide for vessels to come in carrying goods to tax.
Food-related occupations
Emergency medicine

Emergency Medicine is a specialty of medicine. A specialty is a special part of medicine where a doctor may have more knowledge. Examples are Pediatrics (doctors who care for children), Geriatrics (doctors who care for elderly people), and Cardiology (doctors who know more about the heart.)
Emergency Medicine (abbreviation EM) is sometimes also called Accident and Emergency Medicine (AEM).
EM doctors specialize in treating diseases and injuries that need immediate care. These kind of diseases or injuries are called emergencies. If they are not helped quickly, the person may become more sick or even die.
Doctors that specialize in EM usually work in Emergency Departments. This is also called a casualty department or Emergency room. These are places in hospitals where people go if they have an emergency. They may have a red cross or red letters on the sign to show it is the Emergency Department. This way, even people who cannot read know where to go.
Doctors who specialize in EM must know some about all of the different specialties of medicine. They treat people of all ages. They treat both men and women. They must know how to treat any kind of emergency. But they may not know quite as much about the chronic treatments of diseases over years. However, many people come to the Emergency Department with problems that are not emergencies. So EM doctors must also know about how to treat non-emergencies.
Related pages
Emergency medical services
First aid
References
Béja Governorate

Beja Governorate ( ) is one of the twenty-four governorates of Tunisia. It is in the northern part of the country. It covers an area of 3,740 km2. As of the 2014 census, 303,032 people lived there. The capital is Beja.
References
Governorates of Tunisia
1956 establishments in Tunisia
Hiss

Hiss is a sound that a snake makes. It as such doesn't have a voice. This sound is created when it flickers it's tongues to taste. The fast movement of the tongue causes this sound.
Other animals like Cats also hiss when they are angry,
Animal communication
Snakes
List of United States ODI cricketers

A One Day International (ODI) is an international cricket match between two representative teams. This is a list of cricketers from the United States that joined ODI matches.
Key
Player list
Statistics are correct as of 4 April 2023.
Notes
References
Lists of One Day International cricketers
Dedication

Dedication can mean: the act of consecrating (making holy) a religious building such as a temple or church.
Dedication can also mean the writing at the beginning of a book or piece of music in which the author or composer says that it was written for a particular person. For example: a composer may write a piece of music for a particular musician and dedicate it to them. An author may dedicate a book to someone they love or respect. A book or a piece of music may be dedicated to the person who has paid them to write it. This may be a rich person such as king.
Related pages
Consecration
Patronage
References
Books
Music
Religious behavior and experience
Boar's tusk helmet

The boar's tusk helmet is a type of military headwear used in Mycenaean Greece. The helmet was made of ivory from a boar's tusks and attached in rows onto a leather base padded with felt.
Homeric epic
A description of a boar's tusk helmet appears in the tenth book of Homer's Iliad where Odysseus is armed for a night-raid against the Trojans.
The number of ivory plates needed to make a helmet ranges from 40 to 140. Also, around forty to fifty boars would have to be killed to make just one helmet.
Gallery
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
Military of ancient Greece
Cowboy (movie)

Cowboy is a 1958 American western movie directed by Delmer Daves and based on the 1930 novel My Reminiscences of Cowboy by Frank Harris. It stars Glenn Ford, Jack Lemmon, Anna Kashfi, Dick York, Brian Donlevy and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1959.
Other websites
1958 movies
1950s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Delmer Daves
Stanton, California

Stanton is a city in Orange County, California, United States.
Cities in California
Settlements in Orange County, California
Mormaison

Mormaison is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France. On 1 January 2016, it became a part of the new commune of Montreverd.
References
Former communes in Vendee
Cuba, Alabama

Cuba is a town in Sumter County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 346, down from 363 in 2000.
References
Towns in Alabama
Marc-Antoine Charpentier

Marc-Antoine Charpentier (born near Paris, 1643; died Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, 24 February 1704) was a French composer. He lived in the period known as the Baroque period. His most famous music is his Te Deum. This work begins with a prelude which today is extremely popular. It was the signature tune for the European Broadcasting Union where it was used to introduce programmes such as the Vienna New Year's Concert and the Eurovision Song Contest. It is often used as a voluntary for weddings.
Life
We do not know much for certain about his early life. He went to Italy where he learned a lot by studying the music of Italian composers. He studied with the composer Giacomo Carissimi for several years.
When he returned to France he got a job as musician to the Duchess of Guise who was a rich lady who employed several musicians. He worked for her for many years, both as a singer (he had a high tenor voice known in French as an "haute-contre"), and as a composer. When the great playwright Moliere stopped working with Lully he asked Charpentier to work with him. He wrote music for several plays by Moliere including Le malade imaginaire. After Moliere's died in 1673, Charpentier continued to write for other playwrights such as Thomas Corneille and Jean Donneau de Vise. He often used more musicians than he was allowed (only Lully, the king's composer, was allowed to use lots of musicians for his performances). In the end Charpentier stopped writing music for plays.
In 1679, Charpentier was invited to compose for the king's son, the Dauphin. The Dauphin had a private chapel and Charpentier wrote religious music for him. In 1683 he was given a royal pension. In April of that year he became very ill and could not work for a time.
From late 1687 to early 1698, Charpentier was maitre de musique to the Jesuits, Soon he stopped composing big works such as oratorios and concentrated on smaller works for church worship which were sometimes played by a large number of players. He also was music teacher to the Duke of Chartres.
In 1698 he was made maitre de musique at the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. This was one of the top musical jobs in France (the only better job in sacred music in France was director of the royal chapel at Versailles). He kept this job until his death in 1704. After his death nearly all the works he wrote for the Chapel were destroyed. This was the usual procedure when a maitre de musique died. His famous Mass Assumpta Est Maria has survived. Perhaps that is because it was not composed for the Chapel.
His music
Charpentier's compositions include oratorios, masses, operas, and many smaller works. He also wrote a lot of music for plays. Many of his smaller works for one or two voices and instruments he called air serieux or air a boire if they are in French, but cantata if they are in Italian.
Bibliography
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980;
1643 births
1704 deaths
17th-century French composers
Baroque composers
Robert Mueller

Robert Swan Mueller III (; born August 7, 1944) is an American lawyer and civil servant. He was the sixth Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 2001 to 2013. He is a Republican. He was appointed by President George W. Bush and his original ten-year term was given a two-year extension by President Barack Obama.
Mueller is the longest-serving FBI director since J. Edgar Hoover. He is currently head of the Special Counsel investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.
References
Other websites
Profile at the Federal Bureau of Investigation and staff
Robert Mueller
1944 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Lawyers from New York City
Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Politicians from New York City
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Gina Haspel

Gina Cheri Haspel (born October 1, 1956) is an American intelligence officer. Haspel was the 7th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from April 26, 2018 to January 20, 2021. She was appointed by President Donald Trump. Before, she was the 6th Deputy Director of the CIA, appointed by Trump in February 2017.
On March 13, 2018, Haspel was nominated by President Trump to become the CIA Director, replacing Mike Pompeo. She is the first woman to hold the position. She was approved for confirmation by the Senate Intelligence Committee on May 16 by a 10-5 vote, with two Democrats voting in favor. She was sworn-in on May 21.
Early life
Haspel was born Gina Cheri Walker on October 1, 1956 in Ashland, Kentucky.
Haspel was a student at the University of Kentucky for three years and transferred for her senior year to the University of Louisville, where she graduated in May 1978.
Early career
Haspel joined the CIA in January 1985 as a reports officer. She held many undercover overseas positions, for many of which she was station chief. Her first field assignment was from 1987-1989 in Ethiopia, Central Eurasia, Turkey, followed by several assignments in Europe and Central Eurasia from 1990 to 2001. From 1996 to 1998, Haspel was station chief in Baku, Azerbaijan.
Deputy Director of the CIA
On February 2, 2017, President Donald Trump appointed Haspel Deputy Director of the CIA. On February 8, 2017, many members of the Senate intelligence committee asked Trump to change his appointment of Haspel as Deputy Director.
Director of the CIA (2018-2021)
On March 13, 2018, President Donald Trump announced he would nominate Haspel to be the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, replacing Mike Pompeo who was set to become the new United States Secretary of State. Haspel became the first woman to become permanent Director of the CIA.
Many people were against her nomination because of her support of torture and water boarding.
Haspel was approved for confirmation by the Senate Intelligence Committee on May 16 by a 10-5 vote, with two Democrats voting in favor. The next day, Haspel was confirmed by the full Senate, on a mostly party-line, 54-45 vote.
Personal life
Haspel married Jeff Haspel in 1976. They were divorced by 1985. Haspel lives in Ashburn, Virginia.
References
1956 births
Living people
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
Politicians from Virginia
Manica Province

Manica is a province of Mozambique. The capital city is Chimoio.
The Save River creates the southern border. There is also the Zambezi river in the northeast. The highest mountain in Mozambique, Mount Binga (2436 m), is in this province near the border with Zimbabwe.
Districts
Manica Province is divided into 12 districts:
Barue District
Chimoio District
Gondola District
Guro District
Macate District
Machaze District
Macossa District
Manica District
Mossurize District
Sussundenga District
Tambara District
Vanduzi District
References
Provinces of Mozambique
Clash of the Titans (tour)

Clash of the Titans was a concert tour that happened in September to October 1990 and May to July 1991. The main musicians for the tour were American thrash metal bands Slayer and Megadeth. The tour was made to help sell copies of the two bands' new albums, Rust in Peace and Seasons in the Abyss. The tour happened at two different times. The first was in Europe (with Testament and Suicidal Tendencies) and the second was in the United States (with Anthrax and Alice in Chains). Clash of the Titans is one of the most successful heavy metal tours ever.
References
Concert tours
Mocoa

Mocoa is a city in Colombia. It is the capital of Putumayo Department.
Cities in Colombia
Capitals of Colombian departments
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté

Bourgogne-Franche-Comte (meaning Burgundy-Free County) is one of the administrative regions of France. It is in eastern France and was formed in 2016 from two old regions: Bourgogne and Franche-Comte.
Its capital is Besancon.
Geography
The Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region is the sixth largest region of France with an area of . It is in northeastern France and borders to the north with the Grand Est region, to the west with Ile-de-France and Centre-Val de Loire regions, to the south with the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region, and to the east with Switzerland (the cantons of Vaud, Neuchatel and Jura).
The distances from Besancon, the capital of the region, to other cities are:
Paris, the national capital, ;
Bordeaux, ;
Toulouse, ;
Marseille, ;
Lyon, ;
Montpellier, ;
Nice, .
Rivers
The main rivers in the region are the Saone and its tributary the Doubs. The Loire river flows through the southwest of the region, at Nevers. The Seine river starts in the Cote-d'Or department.
Mountains
There are three main mountain ranges in the region:
The Vosges Mountains are in the northeast of the region and its highest point in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte is Ballon de Servance, high.
The Jura Mountains are along the eastern limits; here is Cret Pela, the highest point in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte with .
The Morvan mountains are in the centre of the western part; it highest point is Haut-Folin, high.
The Cret Pela (), at , is the highest mountain of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region. It is in the Jura mountain range.
The highest point of the different departments in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region are:
Departments
The Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region is formed by 8 departments:
Arr. = Arrondissements Cant. = Cantons Comm. = Communes
Demographics
The Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region had, in 2014, a population of 2,820,623, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The department with more people living in it is Saone-et-Loire with 555,788 inhabitants.
After the Territoire de Belfort, the smallest department in the region, Doubs is the department with highest population density (102 inhabitants/km2). The density in the other departments is lower.
Gallery
Related pages
Burgundy
Franche-Comte
Regions of France
References
Other websites
Regional Council website
Prefecture of the region
2016 establishments in France
High on Fire

High on Fire is an American heavy metal band. It was started by guitar player Matt Pike. He used to be in the band Asleep. The band has released 4 albums.
Discography
Studio albums
References
American heavy metal bands
Musical groups from Oakland, California
1. Favoritner FC Vorwärts 06 Wien

1. Favoritner FC Vorwarts 06 Wien was a Austrian football club from the Favoriten district of Vienna.
History
The club was founded on 4 December 1906 as the Sportclub Favoritner Vorwarts. The club colors were set with black and white. Role models were the district neighbors ASV Hertha Vienna and SpC Rudolfshugel. For the championship, the club was classified in the 2nd class. In the first official championship season in 1911/12, the club finished in good fifth place. With the outbreak of the First world war in 1914, they stopped because most of the players were drafted into military service.
Immediately after the end of the war, former players and officials got together in 1918 to reactivate the club. The club was also renamed 1. Favoritner FC Vorwarts 06 Vienna. In the 1919/20 season they came back into the 2nd Class, but only came last and were relegated to the Third Class North. After two seasons in this class they became champion and should be promoted to 2. Class A. Due to accusation that the club had used unauthorized players and that witnesses close to him had made false statements, 1. FFC Vorwarts 06 was excluded from the association. After clarification of this matter,Vorwarts was allowed to play again in the 2nd class south in the 1923/24 season.
The next years became an integral part of the second class. In the 1941/42 season they came second behind the BSG Reichsbahn I. The next season they became champion but had to play two relegation matches versus SC Austria Donauarbeiter. With an score of 5:2 Vorwarts had qualified for the promotion round to the Gauliga. In the promotion round itself two victories against the Fussballgemeinschaft Salzburg and a draw against SK Amateure Steyr were only enough for second place behind Steyer.
In the 1945/46 season they qualified for the 1st class in Vienna, from which the Favoritner were relegated in the following season. After years in the lower classes the game operation was stopped in 2014.
References
Football clubs of Vienna