pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dwarf galaxy

A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of up to several billion stars. This is a small number compared to our own Milky Way's 200-400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, containing over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy and sometimes as a full-fledged galaxy orbiting the Milky Way galaxy.
Formation of dwarf galaxies
Most galaxies, including dwarf galaxies, form in association with dark matter or out of gas containing metals. However, NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer space probe identified new dwarf galaxies forming out of gases lacking metals. These galaxies were in the Leo Ring, a cloud of hydrogen and helium around two massive galaxies in the constellation Leo.
Dwarf galaxies can be pulled toward and ripped by neighbouring spiral galaxies till they ultimately merge.
Local dwarfs
There are many dwarf galaxies in the Local Group: these small galaxies frequently orbit around larger galaxies, such as the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy. A 2007 paper has suggested that many dwarf galaxies were created by tidal forces during the early evolution of the Milky Way and Andromeda. Tidal dwarf galaxies are produced when galaxies collide and their gravitational masses interact. Streams of galactic material are pulled out away from the parent galaxies and the halos of dark matter that surround them.
The Milky Way has more than 20 known dwarf galaxies orbiting it. Recent observations suggest the largest globular cluster in the Milky Way, Omega Centauri, is actually the core of a dwarf galaxy with a black hole in its center. It was at some time absorbed by the Milky Way.
References
Human rights in the Comoros

Historically, Comoros has had a relatively poor human rights record. In early 1979, Comorian authorities arrested some 300 supporters of the Soilih's regime and imprisoned them without trial in Moroni. Four of Soilih's former ministers also disappeared. For the next two years, there were further arrests, shootings, and disappearances. Under pressure from France, some trials were held but many Comorians remained political prisoners, despite protests from Amnesty International and other humanitarian organizations. As there are no recognition of legal rights for same-sex couples.
References
Comoros
Comoros
Edgar Olson

Edgar Laverne Olson (October 19, 1937 - August 20, 2020) was an American politician. He was in the Minnesota House of Representatives between 1985 to 1998. He was born in Fosston, Minnesota. He was a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party.
Olson died on August 20, 2020 at a hospital in Madison, Minnesota at the age of 82.
References
1937 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Minnesota
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Albert II, Prince of Monaco

Albert II (born 14 March 1958), is the current Sovereign Prince of Monaco. He became ruler after his father Prince Ranier III died in April 2005. He is the only son and the middle of three children of Rainer and his wife, Grace Kelly.
Legitimate children
Prince Albert and his wife, Charlene, had twins:
Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carlades (born 10 December 2014)
Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco (born 10 December 2014); heir to the throne of Monaco.
Health
On 19 March 2020, amid the large-scale outbreak of COVID-19, it was officially announced that Albert II had tested positive. This made Albert II the first monarch and head of state to have tested positive for COVID-19. On 31 March, it was announced that he had made a full recovery.
Titles and styles
14 March 1958 - 6 April 2005: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Monaco, Marquis of Baux.
31 March 2005 - 6 April 2005: His Serene Highness The Prince Regent of Monaco.
6 April 2005 - present: His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco.
Ancestry
References
1958 births
Living people
Princes and princesses of Monaco
Recipients of the Order pro merito Melitensi
Current national leaders
Inukai Tsuyoshi

was a Japanese politician, cabinet minister, and Prime Minister of Japan from 13 December 1931 to 15 May 1932.
On 15 May 1932, Inukai was shot by eleven junior Navy officers (most were just turning twenty years of age) in the Prime Minister's residence in Tokyo.
References
Other websites
Inukai Memorial Museum (Okayama)
1885 births
1932 births
Assassinated people
Deaths by firearm
Prime Ministers of Japan
The Virgin of Lust

The Virgin of Lust () is a 2002 Mexican drama movie directed by Arturo Ripstein and starring Luis Felipe Tovar, Ariadna Gil, Patricia Reyes Spindola, Juan Diego, Julian Pastor, Alberto Estrella, Daniel Gimenez Cacho.
Other websites
2002 drama movies
Mexican drama movies
Movies directed by Arturo Ripstein
2056

2056 (MMLVI) will be .
Predicted and scheduled events
Date unknown
The 2056 Summer Olympics will be held.
October 5, 2056
The 1956 movie The Ten Commandments, produced by Cecil B. DeMille, topbilled by Charlton Heston as Moses and Yul Brynner as Rameses II turns 100 years old.
2056
José Horacio Villegas

Jose Horacio Villegas is a weightlifter from Colombia. Villegas competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He was born on 13 February 1969.
References
Other websites
1969 births
Living people
Colombian weightlifters
Colombian Olympians
Wake Up with Al

Wake Up with Al was a program on The Weather Channel that was hosted by Al Roker and Stephanie Abrams. It debuted on July 20, 2009, and ended on October 2, 2015, now replaced by AMHQ. Stephanie Abrams moved to AMHQ and replaced Sam Champion, while Al Roker remains at The Weather Channel.
2009 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
The Weather Channel shows
English-language television programs
Ruswil

Ruswil is a municipality of the district Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Villages
Merzenberg, Hunkelen, Ziswil, Holz, Grofenhusen, Buholz, Ruediswil, Sigigen, Werthenstein-Unterdorf.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Lucerne
Tracy Chapele

Tracy Chapele, also known as Tracy Chapele-Ugo, is a Nigerian journalist who was credited with being the first Urhobo woman in Udu Kingdom to be given a chieftaincy title in 100 years. In 2021, she attributed her achievement to God, saying, "This tradition that I break is by the grace of God".
She is also a Nigerian pidgin sports commentator. She is known for giving pidgin English sports journalism a large foothold especially among the uneducated people of Nigeria.
She belongs to the Urhobo people in Delta State, daughter of the late Chief Oletu Chapele, the Okugbe of Udu Kingdom. She graduated from the University of Benin with a Bachelor's Degree in English and Literature.
On 25 March 2023, Isaiah Ogedegbe recognized Tracy Chapele's contribution to sports development in Nigeria, describing her as "one of Africa's best female Nigerian pidgin sports commentators".
Career
She worked as a Nigerian pidgin sports commentator with Inspiration 92.3FM, Sports Radio 89.9 Brila FM and Wazobia 95.1 FM, Lagos. She has been on several channels like BBC, Supersports, Channels TV, Plus TV Africa, Star Times, NTA, AIT, Fuze NG, where she has interviewed some of the biggest names in sports.
References
Nigerian journalists
Year of birth unknown
People from Delta State
Montigny-lès-Condé

Montigny-les-Conde is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Pavlova (food)

Pavlova is a meringue-based dessert named after the Russian ballet dancer Anna Pavlova. It is a cake with a crispy crust and soft, light inside.
People believe the dessert was made to celebrate one of the dancer's tours to Australia and New Zealand in the 1920s. The two countries have argued for a long time over where it was created.
The dessert is very popular in both countries and often eaten on special occasions. It is usually served with cream and fruit.
History
Research shows that the pavlova was first made in New Holland. Keith Money wrote that a New Zealand chef in a hotel in Wellington, New Zealand, created the dish when Pavlova visited as part of her world tour in 1926.
Professor Helen Leach, who studies the history of food at the University of Otago in New Zealand, collected 667 pavlova recipes. Her book, The Pavlova Story: A Slice of New Zealand's Culinary History, says that the first Australian pavlova recipe was made in 1935, and the recipe in the rural magazine NZ Dairy Exporter Annual was made in 1929.
The Australian website "Australian Flavour" gives an even earlier date, 1926, when Home Cookery for New Zealand by E Futter had a recipe for "Meringue with Fruit Filling." The recipe was almost the same as a pavlova.
References
Desserts
Ice cream
Joel Kovel

Joel Kovel (August 27, 1936 - April 30, 2018) was an American scholar and author.
Biography
From 1977 till 1983 he was Director of Residency Training, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (where he was also Professor of Psychiatry from 1979-1986). From 1980 to 1985, he was an Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at the New School for Social Research and from 1986-7 a Visiting Professor of Political Science and Communications, University of California, San Diego.
Kovel's works include White Racism (1971) (nominated for a National Book Award), A Complete Guide to Therapy (1979), The Age of Desire (1982), Against the State of Nuclear Terror (1982), In Nicaragua (1986), The Radical Spirit: Essays on Psychoanalysis and Society (1988), History and Spirit (1991), Red Hunting in the Promised Land (1994), The Enemy of Nature (2002), and Overcoming Zionism (2007).
On May 1, 2018, it was announced that Kovel died in New York City on April 30 at the age of 81. No cause of death was given.
References
1936 births
2018 deaths
American environmentalists
American political writers
American political activists
Educators from New York City
Writers from New York City
Overdose

An Overdose is when someone takes too much of a certain drug. This may be done voluntarily (as an attempt of suicide) or involuntarily (accidentally). The drug may be a drug taken to treat some medical condition, or it may be a drug taken for recreation. Overdoses are considered to be poisoning, usually. They may lead to death, depending on the drug used.
What to do with people who had an overdose
If someone is thought to have had an overdose it is important to get them to a doctor, or hospital. It can be very hard to see what kind of drug was taken. Therefore, it can be hard for the doctor to find an antidote to give. For this reason, a packet (even if it is empty) of the drug should be taken.
Act as described in medical emergency, call an ambulance.
In addition, the person who has taken the overdose needs to be kept from the effects of the drug. In the case of pills that act like sleeping pills, he or she must be kept from falling asleep or unconscious. In the case of pills that act like stimulants, he or she must be calmed down, moved to a calm environment.
References
Drugs
The Watchtower

The Watchtower is a magazine produced on a monthly basis by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses as part of their ministry (preaching) work. It's full name is The Watchtower Announcing Jehovah's Kingdom. The Watchtower'''s stated aim is to "honor Jehovah God, the Supreme Ruler of the universe". It is the most widely circulated magazine worldwide, and its companion magazine Awake! is the second most widely circulated magazine worldwide, according to the article Top 5 World's Best Magazines.
There is also a "Study Edition" of The Watchtower'' that is not distributed to the public. It is used by Jehovah's Witnesses at their weekend meetings.
References
Other websites
The Watchtower (Simplified Edition)
Jehovah's Witnesses
American monthly magazines
Religious media
Fred Allen

John Florence Sullivan (May 31, 1894 - March 17, 1956), known professionally as Fred Allen, was an American comedian. He was known for having his own radio show The Fred Allen Show (1932-1949). This made him one of the most popular humorists in the Golden Age of American radio.
References
1894 births
1956 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American movie actors
Comedians from Massachusetts
Actors from Cambridge, Massachusetts
Alemayehu Eshete

Alemayehu Eshete (; French pronunciation: Alemayehu Eshete; June 1941 - 2 September 2021) was an Ethiopian jazz singer. His career began in the 1960s. Most of his music was in Amharic. He was nicknamed "the Ethiopian Elvis". Eshete was born in Jimma, Ethiopia. Eshete was popular in Europe with the release of Buda Musique's Ethiopiques series of compilations on compact disc.
Eshete died on 2 September 2021 in a hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from a heart attack caused by heart disease at the age of 80.
References
1941 births
2021 deaths
Jazz singers
Ethiopian people
African entertainers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Judgment Day (2002)

Judgment Day (2002) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on May 19, 2002 at the Gaylord Entertainment Center in Nashville, Tennessee. It was the fourth Judgment Day event held by the WWE.
Matches
References
Other websites
Official Judgment Day 2002 website
2002 in professional wrestling
2000s in Nashville, Tennessee
WWE Judgment Day
2002 in the United States
2000s in Tennessee
May 2002 events
Emergency on Planet Earth (song)

"Emergency on Planet Earth" is a 1993 song by British funk band Jamiroquai and is the title track to their debut studio album of the same name. It went to number 14 in the United Kingdom and number 4 on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart in the United States.
Track listing
UK CD single
"Emergency on Planet Earth" - 3:39
"Emergency on Planet Earth" (extended version) - 4:12
"If I Like It, I Do It" (acoustic) - 4:26
"Revolution 1993" (demo) - 10:19
References
1993 songs
Jamiroquai songs
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

La Palma is another island of the Canary Islands
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria is the biggest city of the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean. The city, with a population of 383,308 in 2010, is the eighth-largest in Spain.
Together with Santa Cruz de Tenerife, it is the capital of the Comunidad Autonoma de
Canarias (Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands). It is also the capital of the island of Gran Canaria and of the province of Las Palmas. The islands of this province are Gran Canaria, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura.
The city was founded in 1478. The town has a beautiful old area. This area (Vegueta) has a lot of houses from the 16th to the 19th Centuries. There is still a house where Christopher Columbus stayed in 1492. He stayed there before he went to the Americas. The interesting cathedral was begun in the year 1500.
Its port is one of the busiest in Spain and the biggest between Europe and Cape Town, in South Africa.
Las Palmas (for short) is famous for its very nice and dry weather all year round. It is also famous for its Las Canteras Beach. This beach is more than 3 kilometers long. The beach brings a lot of tourists to the city.
Main industries: trade, tourism, canned food, fishing, shipbuilding.
Places to visit: Vegueta (old area); Triana (traditional commercial area); Playa de Las Canteras (Las Canteras Beach); cathedral; Casa de Colon (Columbus House); Museo Canario (archaeology museum); CAAM - Centro Atlantico de Arte Moderno (Modern Art Centre); Museo Elder de la Ciencia (science museum); Museo Nestor (museum with paintings); Teatro Perez Galdos (theatre); Auditorio Alfredo Kraus (concert hall); Jardin Canario (Canary Garden, mostly with plants from the Canary Islands); Doramas Park.
Capital cities in Spain
Jean-Charles Darmon

Jean-Charles Darmon is a French literary critic born in 1961.
Biography
Graduate in 1982 from the Ecole Normale Superieure, he first teaches at Amherst College (USA).
Teacher of French literature at the Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Honorary Member of the Institut Universitaire de France (2001-2006), he was head of the Ecole Normale Superieure from 2005 to 2009.
Specialized in connections between literature, philosophy and ethics in the classical age, he is the author of books on libertarianism scholar and Epicureanism, the forms of the fable or satire, from an interdisciplinary perspective.
Further reading
(Epicurean philosophy and literature in seventeenth-century France. Studies on Gassendi, Cyrano, La Fontaine, Saint-Evremond), Paris, PUF, " Perspectives litteraires ", 1998.
Cyrano de Bergerac, Lettres satiriques et amoureuses, precedees de Lettres diverses (edition) (Cyrano de Bergerac, satirical and love letters, preceded by various letters (edit)), Paris, Desjonqueres, " Dix-septieme siecle ", 1999.
La Fontaine, Fables (edition) (La Fontaine, Fables (edit)), Paris, LGF, 2002.
Philosophies de la Fable. La Fontaine et la crise du lyrisme (Philosophies of Fable. La Fountaine and the crisis of lyricism), Paris, PUF, " Ecritures ", 2003.
Le Songe libertin. Cyrano de Bergerac d'un monde a l'autre (The Dream libertine. Cyrano de Bergerac from one world to another), Paris, Klincksieck, " Bibliotheque francaise et romane ", 2004.
L'athee, la politique et la mort. Essai suivi d'une edition critique de La Mort d'Agrippine de Cyrano de Bergerac (The atheist, politics and death. Test followed by a critical edition of The Death of Agrippina from Cyrano de Bergerac), Fougeres, Encre Marine, " La Bibliotheque hedoniste ", 2005.
Histoire de la France litteraire, tome 2. Classicismes xviie - xviiie siecle (Literary history of France, Volume 2. Classicisms seventeenth - eighteenth century), Paris, PUF, " Quadrige ", 2006.
Le moraliste, la politique et l'histoire. De La Rochefoucauld a Derrida (The moralist, politics and history. From De La Rochefoucauld to Derrida), Desjonqueres, " L'Esprit des lettres ", 2007.
Variations epicuriennes : une philosophie et ses marges, entre science, morale et politique. Etudes sur Montaigne, Gassendi, Cyrano de Bergerac, Bernier, Saint-Evremond (Epicurean variations: a philosophy and margins between science, ethics and politics. Studies of Montaigne, Gassendi, Cyrano de Bergerac, Bernier, Saint-Evremond), Paris, Honore Champion, " Lumiere classique ", 2008.
Pensee morale et genres litteraires (Moral thought and literary genres), with Philippe Desan, Paris, PUF, 2009.
Philosophie du divertissement. Le jardin imparfait des Modernes (Philosophy entertainment. Modern garden imperfect), Paris, Desjonqueres, " Le bon sens ", 2009.
" Philosophies de la Fable. Poesie et pensee dans l'oeuvre de La Fontaine " ("Philosophies of Fable. Poetry and thought in the work of La Fontaine "), Paris, Editions Hermann, coll. " Savoir Lettres ", 2011.
References
1961 births
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University faculty
French literary critics
Living people
Ana Marija Stojic

Ana Marija Stojic is a comedian, writer, and actor from Toronto, Canada.
Early life
She grew up in the major city of Toronto after being born in a little town in Croatia. Her first stand up set lasted only 3 minutes because she was so nervous.
Career
Ana-Marija Stojic, originally from Yugoslavia, performs comedy throughout Canada and the US. She was a finalist in the Sirius XM Top Comic competition, where she competed for the $25,000 main prize in the eighth annual search for Canada's best comic. She was also a semi-finalist in the Seattle International Comedy Competition in 2017.
Stefan, her original screenplay, was selected as a Finalist at the Big Apple Film Festival Agents and Managers Lab 2021 and the Big Apple Film Festival Screenplay Competition 2020, the quarter-finals of the 6th Annual TV Writing Contest 2021, the Scriptation Showcase quarter-finals 2021, and the Creative Screenwriting Competition quarter-finals 2021.
References
Other websites
In honor of election Baskin-Robbins now offering only 2 flavors of shitty ice cream
Man who said 'Believe All Women' clarifies he did not mean the ones accusing him
Webster's dictionary changes definition of 'sarcasm' to 'I totally meant what I said but now I got in trouble for it so I'm going to backpedal'
Hey girl, Class of '08": 5 ways to tell if the girl from your high school is messaging you about a cult
I support free speech unless someone tells me I am wrong
Local woman unsure what to do with hands during conversation casually cups own breast
Impatient sous chef pre shakes water for it to boil faster
I Just Want To Work,' KKK Members Upset Cops Are Taking Their Jobs
Official Website
INDIA vs CROATIA - killer roast battle (stand up comedy)
CBC Radio Artificial Interview 2018
Canadian stand-up comedians
Jessie Lopez De La Cruz

Jessie Lopez De La Cruz (Jesuita Lopez; 1919 - September 2, 2013) was a Chicano-American who worked with Dolores Huerta and Caesar Chavez to fight for farm worker rights.
She was born in Anaheim, California, and started working on the farm at age 5. In 1932 she worked for the San Juan Capistrano to translate during a farm worker strike. She joined the National Farm Workers Association (later known as the United Farm workers) and was the first female recruiter and became one of the best. She participated in strikes and helped to ban the short-handed hoe, which led to back injuries of the farm workers. She also helped teach farm workers English.
Jessie de la Cruz worked for the Fresno County Economic Opportunity Commission, the Central California Action Associates, and California's Commission on the Status of Women. While working for the United Farm Workers, she advocated for more women in leadership roles. She retired from the United Farm Workers in 1993 and began working in the California Rural Legal Assistance and a Catholic Charity.
She continued to be a political activist until she died in 2013.
References
1919 births
2013 deaths
People from Anaheim, California
Port of London

The Port of London was the main port of London. It no longer operates as a port: see London Docklands for an account. The river now operates as an alternative means of travel for work and recreation. It is not a major commercial port for importing and exporting goods. The Port of London Authority is still the legal authority controlling all use of the river.
The port was in the Thames at the city center. Major import and export trade is now done at the container port at Felixstowe in Suffolk. In 2010 the British government started building a new port outside the city, on the north bank of the river in Thurrock, Essex. The new project is called: London Gateway.
Other websites
Port of London - the website of the Port of London Authority
PortCities London Home
The Port of London in 1819
Port of Tilbury
London Gateway Planning Inquiry
References
Ports and harbours of the United Kingdom
Ternana Calcio

Ternana Unicusano Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.
Italian football clubs
1925 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Italy
Coprolalia

Coprolalia is a condition that affects about 15% of people with Tourette syndrome. Someone with coprolalia will use words that make people feel uncomfortable so often that it is hard to control. This is often in the form of a stream of curse words.
People who have Tourette syndrome are not the only people who experience coprolalia. For example, it can happen in people who have had a stroke, or who have schizophrenia.
References
Medical signs
Obscenity
Karl Liebknecht

Karl Liebknecht was a Socialist leader (1871-1919). He was also one of the representatives of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. From about 1915, he worked with Rosa Luxemburg to define many of the political positions of the Spartacus League. In 1918 and 1919, he was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Germany. In 1919 there as a civil unrest in Berlin, which is known as the Spartacist uprising today. Shortly after the end of the uprising, members of the Prussian army shot Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg.This happened on the orders of Gustav Noske, who was in charge of resolving the many Communist uprisings that happened between 1918 and 1920.
1871 births
1919 deaths
Politicians of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
German communists
St George Illawarra Dragons

The St George Illawarra Dragons are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in St George region of Sydney and the Illawarra region of New South Wales. They were founded in 1998. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won one premiership in 2010 against the Sydney Roosters.
Other websites
National Rugby League
Sports in Sydney
Wollongong
1998 establishments in Australia
Frederick Buechner

Carl Frederick Buechner ( ; July 11, 1926 - August 15, 2022) was an American writer, novelist, poet, autobiographer, essayist, preacher, and theologian. He was an ordained Presbyterian minister. He was best known for his novels, including A Long Day's Dying, The Book of Bebb, Godric and Brendan.
He also became known for his memoirs Telling Secrets and The Sacred Journey. His theological works, such as Secrets in the Dark, The Magnificent Defeat, and Telling the Truth were also popular.
Buechner died on August 15, 2022 at his home in Rupert, Vermont at the age of 96.
References
1926 births
2022 deaths
American theologians
American autobiographers
American poets
American novelists
American essayists
American Presbyterian ministers
Writers from New York City
Writers from Vermont
La Tranclière

La Trancliere is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Communes in Ain
Mohall, North Dakota

Mohall is a city in Renville County, North Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of Renville County. The population was 783 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in North Dakota
County seats in North Dakota
Lexa, Arkansas

Lexa is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Towns in Arkansas
Fred Sasakamoose

Frederick Sasakamoose, (December 25, 1933 -- November 24, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He was one of the first Canadian indigenous players in the National Hockey League. He played 11 games with the Chicago Black Hawks from 1953 to 1960. He was born in Debden, Saskatchewan.
Sasakamoose died on November 24, 2020 in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan from COVID-19 at the age of 86.
References
1933 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Vettabbia Canal

The Vettabbia Canal, known in Italian as the Naviglio Vettabbia, is a canal in the southern part of Milan, a city in northern Italy.
The ancient Romans built the canal to bring water to the city. Today farmers use it to irrigate their crops. Part of the canal is now underground. There are two large parks along the banks of the canal where it comes above the ground. One park is called the Parco della Vettabbia. Near the park is a famous abbey called the Abbazia di Chiaravalle. The abbey was built in the 12th century. The other park is called the Parco Ripamonti.
References
Canals
Geography of Italy
Eliot Spitzer

Eliot Laurence Spitzer (born June 10, 1959) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the New York State Attorney General before becoming Governor of New York in 2007.
Spitzer resigned as Governor of New York on March 17, 2008 because of a prostitution incident. Spitzer's lieutenant governor, David Paterson, became Governor. Spitzer hosted In the Arena on the Cable News Network (CNN). He was hired by CNN President Jonathan Klein to co-host a different program along with a conservative debating him called Parker Spitzer. The other co-host left, and the show was renamed In the Arena. The show was cancelled by CNN in 2011.
References
Governors of New York (state)
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
1959 births
Living people
Anatol Hrytskievich

Anatol Hrytskievich (; January 31, 1929 - January 20, 2015) was a Belarusian historian. He was a correspondent member of the International Academy of Science of Eurasia (1996-2015), doctor of history (1986-2015), professor (1987-2015). He was born in Minsk.
Hrytskievich died on January 20, 2015 in Minsk, aged 85.
References
1929 births
2015 deaths
Historians
People from Minsk
Division of Hawke

The Division of Hawke is an Australian electoral division in Victoria. It was created in 2022.
Members
Election results
References
Electoral divisions of Australia
2022 establishments in Australia
Peru, Massachusetts

Peru is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Coffea

Coffea (coffee) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Out of about 120 species, we make coffee from only two, Coffea arabica and C. canephora.
Coffea are shrubs or small trees, native to subtropical Africa and southern Asia. The seeds are called "beans" in the coffee trade. Beans from the two productive species are widely cultivated in tropical countries. Coffee is one of the world's major commodity crops and is the major export product of some countries.
The caffeine in coffee "beans" protects the seeds of the plant. It is a form of natural plant defense against herbivory. The fruits and leaves also contain caffeine, and can be used to make a tea called 'Coffee cherry tea'. The fruit is also used in many types of soft drink.
Several insect pests attack the plants and affect coffee production.
Coffee is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species.
History
in Europe Coffee entered Europe through two routes, through land trade of the Ottoman Empire and through sea trade, from the ports of Yemen and the Horn of Africa. Was.
It was also raised in this country. Around 1650 AD, coffee was imported to England and coffeehouses were established in Oxford and London.
The cultivation of coffee plant in England started from the same time, but pests and the cold weather of the region destroyed the coffee plants and the British had to turn to tea cultivation instead of coffee cultivation, first in Europe to coffee as a drink. Muslims were viewed with suspicion, but it is said that around the year 1600, Pope Clement VIII enjoyed a cup of coffee so much that he considered its monopoly in the hands of Muslims as a great mistake and demanded to "baptize" it. Coffee drinking in Austria increased dramatically after the defeat of the siege of Vienna in 1683 and the confiscation of their large coffee reserves.
Before the beginning of the 18th century, the use of coffee drinks was common throughout Europe. European countries introduced this plant to tropical regions so that these countries can cultivate and mass produce coffee plants. In Europe, like the Middle East and Greater Iran, coffeehouses became a place for socializing, studying and exchanging opinions on current issues. Another similarity was the possibility of turning them into a gathering place for undesirable elements and vandals. Charles II, King of England, introduced coffeehouses as "places for traitors to meet, and to spread vulgar gossip about his Majesty and his ministers." In the 18th century, the famous Paris coffee house, Cafe Procope, had regular customers such as Mara, Danton and Robespierre who planned the revolution there during the French Revolution
Other websites
Coffee & Conservation - Many resources on sustainable coffee, including reviews, especially shade coffee and biodiversity
Just About Coffee -- General information webpage about the coffee tree subject.
Coffea arabica by James A. Duke -- detailed information about this species.
References
Rubiaceae
Coffee
Rosmarinus

Rosmarinus is a small genus of woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves in the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region.
Lamiaceae
Luger

The Luger was a German semi-automatic pistol that was introduced in 1908. It was the first pistol to use the 9x19mm Parabellum bullet. Its magazines hold eight bullets.
Technically, it was and is held in high esteem. The workmanship was top-class, and its performance was highly respected. The Luger was eventually replaced by the Walther P38 officialy, but there were still many German soldiers and officers who used the Luger during World War II.
The 9 millimeter bullets designed for the gun are still a standard for NATO forces.
References
Pistols
Leonid Sokov

Leonid Sokov (; October 11, 1941 - 4 April 2018) was a Russian nonconformist artist and sculptor. He was born in Tvern, Russia. In 2001 he represented Russia at the Venice Biennale. He participated in the 2004 Gwangju Biennale in Gwangju, South Korea. He was known for his works being displayed at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City.
Sokov died in Copake, New York of a pulmonary embolism on 4 April 2018 at the age of 76.
References
Other websites
clevelandart.org
1941 births
2018 deaths
Russian artists
Russian sculptors
Wortegem-Petegem

Wortegem-Petegem is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 6085 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 50 North, 03deg 33 East.
References
Municipalities of East Flanders
Gunilla Pontén

Ellen Gunilla Margareta Ponten (14 June 1929 - 29 June 2019) was a Swedish fashion designer. She was born in Stockholm. Ponten designed clothes with the base colours of grey, white or black.
In 1983, she was awarded the Damernas Varld design award Guldknappen, in 2003 she was awarded a Litteris et Artibus In 2008, she was awarded the KTH Great Prize.
Ponten died on 29 June 2019, in Stockholm at the age of 90.
References
1929 births
2019 deaths
Fashion designers
People from Stockholm
Swedish designers
The Million Pound Drop Live

The Million Pound Drop Live is a British quiz show. It began on 24 May 2010 and is shown on Channel 4. It is presented by Davina McCall.
International versions
Other websites
Official website
2010 establishments in the United Kingdom
2010 British television series debuts
2010s British television series
British television game shows
Channel 4 television programmes
Television quiz shows
English-language television programs
I Will Not Bow

"I Will Not Bow" is a 2009 song by Breaking Benjamin and was taken from their fourth studio album Dear Agony. It went to number 40 in the United States and number 98 in Canada. It did not chart anywhere else on the other countries charts. It was used in the 2009 movie Surrogates starring Bruce Willis.
Track listing
References
2009 songs
Breaking Benjamin
Spice

Spice is an ingredient that adds flavor to food. It is usually used to enrich or alter the quality of something. Spices can be used to give food an interesting and exciting taste.
Examples of a spice would be cinnamon, fenugreek and nutmeg.
Spices can also be used to hide or cover up bad tastes in the food, because it is rotten or affected by fungi, e.g. marzipan.
Indians and Pakistanis use a lot of spices like turmeric
Related pages
Spice trade
Shina language

Shina (also known as Tshina) is a Dardic language spoken by a some people in Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan.
Alphabet
References
Dardic languages
Languages of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Languages of Gilgit-Baltistan
Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Languages of India
Castine, Maine

Castine is a town in Hancock County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Burgsinn

Burgsinn is a market community in Main-Spessart in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (municipal association) of Burgsinn. It has a population of around 2,500.
Geography
Location
Burgsinn is in Main-Spessart, in the Mittelgebirge Spessart. It is in the valley of the river Sinn from which it takes its name.
Subdivisions
The community has only the Gemarkung (traditional rural cadastral area) of Burgsinn. The municipal territory stretches into the wooded hills east and west of the Sinn valley.
Neighbouring communities
Burgsinn borders on (from the north, clockwise): Mittelsinn, the unincorporated areas and , Wartmannsroth, Grafendorf, Rieneck, (unincorporated area), Fellen and Aura im Sinngrund.
References
Other websites
Municipal website
Main-Spessart
Valence and conduction bands

The valence band and conduction band are a concept in physics. They do not mean anything when working with metal. In other solids, they are the last places before the fermi level.
References
Physics
The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981 movie)

The Postman Always Rings Twice is a 1981 American erotic thriller movie directed by Bob Rafelson and is the fourth adaption of the 1934 novel of the same name by James M. Cain. It stars Jack Nicholson, Jessica Lange, John Colicos, Anjelica Huston, Christopher Lloyd, John P. Ryan and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
References
Other websites
1980s erotic movies
1981 thriller movies
American thriller movies
Movies based on books
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Bob Rafelson
1980s English-language movies
1981 crime drama movies
Adultery in movies
American crime drama movies
American movie remakes
American romantic drama movies
Film noir
German crime movies
German drama movies
German romance movies
German thriller movies
MGM movies
Movies about murderers
Movies set in California
Movies set in the 1930s
Beaufort scale

The Beaufort scale is a scale for measuring wind speeds. It is based on observation rather than accurate measurement. It is the most widely used system to measure wind speed today. The scale was developed in 1805 by Francis Beaufort, an officer of the Royal Navy and first officially used by HMS Beagle.
There are twelve levels, plus 0 for "no wind". From 1946 to 1970, there were also beaufort levels 13 to 17. All of them were labelled as Hurricane. Because they were only used in special cases, they are no longer in use internationally. China, and Taiwan still use them, because they often have typhoons.
The wave heights given are for waves on the open ocean, not near the shore.
The Douglas Sea Scale and Douglas Wind Scale are similar, but they separate the sea from the wind.
The scale
Images
Other websites
UK Meteorological Office: The Beaufort Scale
Investigating Clouds a lesson plan from the National Science Digital Library that uses the Beaufort Scale.
Radio interview with Scott Huler.
OceanWeather.com gives current graphics for wind, waves and temperature
Open Source Textbook at Oceanworld.tamu.edu [broken link] cites the original definition formula in chapter 4
Howtoon Poster showing effects on land/sea effects at each step.
Winds
Political divisions of China

There are twenty-three provinces, four municipalities, five autonomous regions and two special administrative regions in the People's Republic of China. Provinces are pronounced Sheng in Chinese Pinyin. The island of Taiwan is claimed as a province by the People's Republic of China (PRC), but it is not under their control. Taiwan is an island known as Republic of China (Taiwan).
Provinces and autonomous regions are broken into prefectures and sub-provincial cities.
Provinces
There are 23 provinces in the People's Republic of China.
Anhui
Fujian
Gansu
Guangdong
Guizhou
Hainan
Hebei
Heilongjiang
Henan
Hubei
Hunan
Jiangsu
Jiangxi
Jilin
Liaoning
Qinghai
Shaanxi
Shandong
Shanxi
Sichuan
Taiwan*
Yunnan
Zhejiang
* The island of Taiwan is claimed as a province by the People's Republic of China (PRC), but it is not under their control. Taiwan is an island known as Republic of China (Taiwan).
Municipalities
There are 4 municipalities in the People's Republic of China. "Municipality" is the common English name for the Chinese zhixiashi, meaning a city directly controlled by the national government.
Beijing, formerly part of Hebei
Tianjin, formerly part of Hebei
Shanghai, formerly part of Jiangsu
Chongqing, formerly part of Sichuan
Autonomous Regions
There are 5 autonomous regions in the People's Republic of China. "Autonomous region" is the common English name for the Chinese zizhiqu, meaning an area with greater levels of self-government to accommodate minority groups.
Xinjiang, for the Uygurs and other Turkic peoples
Tibet, for Tibetans
Inner Mongolia, for Mongolians
Guangxi, for the Zhuang
Ningxia, for the Hui
Special Administrative Regions
There are 2 special administrative regions in the People's Republic of China. "Special administrative region" is the common English name for the Chinese tebie xingzheng qu, meaning an area under special administration as a result of treaties that returned former European colonies to Chinese control.
Hong Kong, formerly a British colony
Macau, formerly a Portuguese colony
Palenque

Palenque (Baak' in Modern Maya) is a Maya archeological site near the Usumacinta River in the Mexican state of Chiapas. It is a medium-sized site, much smaller than large sites like Tikal or Copan. It does, however, contain good examples of architecture, sculpture, roof comb and bas-relief carvings of the Maya time .
References
(2005) The Inscriptions from Temple XIX at Palenque. Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute.
Other websites
Maya Explorations Center.
Unaahil B'aak: The Temples of Palenque (Wesleyan University) - Contains a learning objects program, panoramas, 3D models, and glyphs and translations.
Mesoweb's Palenque resources
The Tablet Of The 96 Hieroglyphs
The Ruins of Palenque: bilingual essay with audio
Drawings of the Palenque site from the Antonio del Rio 1784 expedition
Estimating Palenque's population on Mesoweb (PDF)
Maya civilization
World Heritage Sites in Mexico
Archaeological sites in Mexico
Chiapas
Athose

Athose is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Les Premiers-Sapins.
References
Former communes in Doubs
Anan Ameri

Anan Ameri is an American museum director and writer. She won a Palestine Book Award. The Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services named her 2020 Arab American of the Year. In 2005, The Detroit News named her Michiganian of the Year.
Life
She was born in Damascus. She studied at Wayne State University.
She was founding Director of the Palestine Aid Society of America. She was founding director of the Arab American National Museum.
Works
The Scent of Jasmine Interlink Books. May 2017.
References
Living people
Writers from Washington, D.C.
People from Damascus
1944 births
Cairo University alumni
Underwood, Iowa

Underwood is a city in Iowa in the United States.
References
Cities in Iowa
Urban area

An urban area is an area where many people live and work close together. The population density is higher than in the surrounding area. It is where buildings are close together. Urban is the opposite of rural, where farm lands and nature are. Urban areas are usually cities and towns. Most of the work available in urban areas is factory and office work. Agricultural work is rare because buildings are close together and there is no space for farm lands.
There are different urban area definitions for each country. The definitions mostly depend on how populated the country is and if the definition shows a true percentage of how urbanized the country is. For example, in Poland an urban area is any place that has the status of a town, whereas in China it is any district, city, or town with a population density higher than 1500 people per square kilometer. The urban population definition for Canadian and Scandinavian countries depends on density. If there is a house every 200 meters it is classified as urban.
A large urban area, with all connected areas (usually developed around some city) is called a Metropolitan area.
Related pages
List of largest cities (includes a list of urban areas)
Urban planning
Urban geography
Economic geography
Sajid Nawaz

Sajid Nawaz Khan (; born 25 March 1975) is a Pakistani politician and a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since June 2013.
Early life and education
Khan was born on 25 March 1975 to a politician Haji Mohammad Nawaz. He has a degree of Master of Business Administration.
Political career
He joined politics after the death of his father Haji Mohammad Nawaz. He ran for the seat of Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as an independent candidate from constituency PF-7 (Peshawar-VII) in the , but was unsuccessful. He got 2,038 and lost the seat to a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party.
He later joined Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and was awarded a PTI ticket to run in 2013 election despite opposition from the PTI Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of PTI from Constituency NA-3 NA-3 (Peshawar-III) in Pakistani general election, 2013. He got 66,528 votes.
References
1975 births
Living people
Pashtun people
People from Peshawar
Steene

Steene (; from Flemish; Stene in modern Dutch spelling) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
References
Communes in Nord
Aya Cash

Aya Cash (born July 13, 1982) is an American actress. She was born in San Francisco, California and has performed in many movies and television programs. These include You're The Worst, The Wolf of Wall Street, Law & Order, Mary Goes Round and Brotherhood.
In December 2015, She was nominated for Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series for her role in You're the Worst.
Filmography
References
Other websites
1982 births
American television actors
Living people
Actors from San Francisco
American movie actors
What Will the Neighbours Say?

What Will The Neighbours Say? was a 2004 album by Girls Aloud. It was their second album. Five singles were released from it. After the album was released Girls Aloud did their first tour, What Will the Neighbours Say? Live.
Setlist
"The Show"
"Love Machine"
"I'll Stand By You"
"Jump"
"Wake Me Up"
"Deadlines and Diets"
"Big Brother"
"Hear Me Out"
"Graffiti My Soul"
"Real Life"
"Here We Go"
"Thank Me Daddy"
"I Say A Prayer For You"
"100 Different Ways"
Girls Aloud albums
2004 albums
Tweenies

The Tweenies is an British TV show for children shown on BBC in the United Kingdom. The show is set in a preschool attended by the four Tweenies: Milo, Jake, Bella and Fizz, also with two adults Max and Judy, and two dogs, Doodles and Izzles. The theme song is "Hey, hey, are you ready to play". It was first shown on September 6, 1999. It is made by Tell-Tale Productions and Nick Jr. Productions. Hit songs from the show include "I Believe In Christmas", "Number 1" which went into the Top 10, "Best Friends Forever", "Do The Lollipop", "Have Fun, Go Mad!" which went into the Top 20. They also have a number 56 hit album and a number 34 hit Christmas album. Video games include an action game by BBC Multimedia/Tell-Tale called "Tweenies: Doodles' Bones" which was released in 2005 and a compilation game by BBC Multimedia/Various called "Tweenies: Game Time" which was released in 2003.
Awards
References
Other websites
British children's television series
Nickelodeon television series
BBC Television programmes
English-language television programs
1999 British television series debuts
2002 British television series endings
Rondon Pacheco

Rondon Pacheco (31 July 1919 - 4 July 2016) was a Brazilian politician. He served as Chief of Staff of Brazil to President Artur da Costa e Silva from 1967 to 1969 during the Brazilian military government. He later served as Governor of his home state of Minas Gerais from 1971 to 1975.
Pacheco was born in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais. He was married to Marina de Freitas Pacheco. They had three children.
Pacheco died from pneumonia on 4 July 2016 in Uberlandia, at the age of 96.
References
1919 births
2016 deaths
Brazilian politicians
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in Brazil
Minas Gerais
List of General Secretaries of the Soviet Union

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the top position in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. As the leader of the only legal political party, the General Secretary served as the de facto leader but not necessarily head of government or head of state, although the actual head of government was the Premier. Before Stalin turned the position of General Secretary into the most powerful in the Soviet Union. According 1977 Constitution the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was the President and Chairman of the Council of Minister was the Premier. Lenin led the nation as Premier.
The office was called First Secretary from 1953 to 1966.
List of General Secretaries
Politics of the Soviet Union
Lists of heads of state
1922 establishments in the Soviet Union
1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union