pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Arrondissements of the Charente department

There are 3 arrondissements in the Charente department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.
If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.
Arrondissements are further divided into communes.
The 3 arrondissements of Charente are:
Arrondissement of Angouleme, (prefecture of the Charente department: Angouleme), with 148 communes.
Arrondissement of Cognac, (subprefecture of the Charente department: Cognac), with 108 communes.
Arrondissement of Confolens, (subprefecture of the Charente department: Confolens), with 138 communes.
History
Since its creation, the Charente department has had some changes:
1790 : creation of the Charente department with six districts: Ruffec, Confolens, La Rochefoucauld, Angouleme, Barbezieux and Cognac. Angouleme was the capital of the department.
1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Angouleme, Barbezieux, Cognac, Confolens and Ruffec; La Rochefoucauld was left out.
1926 : the arrondissements of Barbezieux and Ruffec were eliminated.
References
Related pages
Arrondissement of Angouleme
Arrondissement of Cognac
Arrondissement of Confolens
List of arrondissements of France
Charente
Server log

A server log records what is happening on a server at any time. For example, an HTTP server runs a web site.
internet
Software
Servers
de:Logdatei
List of Irish counties by area

The list below is a list of all the counties of Ireland by area. Counties in the Republic of Ireland are shown in normal type and counties in Northern Ireland are in italics.
References
county
Roman art

Roman art was created in Ancient Rome. It includes architecture, painting, sculptures and mosaic work. It was most prolific from about the first to the fourth century AD. Ancient Roman pottery was not considered to be artwork; it was for everyday use. Almost no painting survives today, and the paintings that are known are probably not the best the Romans could produce.
Art
Ancient Rome
Steven Sharp Nelson

Steven Sharp Nelson is an American cellist. He is part of The Piano Guys, a YouTube music video channel. The video 'Moonlight-Electric cello' in which he is featured has had more than 7 million views on YouTube to date.
References
Other websites
Official site
Living people
American cellists
American Latter Day Saints
Musicians from Salt Lake City, Utah
1977 births
Xavier Ortiz

Xavier Ortiz (June 29, 1962 - September 7, 2020) was a Mexican actor, singer, and businessman. He was a member of the Mexican pop group Garibaldi. He was known for his roles in Journey from the Fall and the Mexican production of P.S. Your Cat Is Dead. He also played Lalo in the 2009 telenovela Un gancho al corazon.
From 1999 to 2005, he was married to his Garibaldi member Patricia Manterola.
Ortiz killed himself on September 7, 2020 at his home in Guadalajara, aged 48.
References
1962 births
2020 deaths
People who committed suicide
Mexican movie actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican voice actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican singers
Mexican businesspeople
Mexican television presenters
Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome, also known as 45 X, is a genetic disorder of human females. It is usually caused by the loss of one of the X chromosomes.
Turner's syndrome occurs in 1 out of 2000, to 1 out of 5000 female births. The condition is much more common in utero (that is, before birth). About 1-2% of all conceptions are affected, of which only 1% survive to birth.
Girls with Turner syndrome often have webbed necks, short stature, broad chests and low hairlines. Heart disease, hypothyroidism (reduced hormone secretion by the thyroid), and diabetes are other problems that may be present. Autoimmune diseases and infertility may also occur. These girls usually have normal intelligence but may have some trouble with vision and hearing.
Girls with Turner Syndrome sometimes receive Human Growth Hormone (hGH). Human Growth Hormone regulates growth in the human body. Human Growth Hormone helps girls with Turner Syndrome grow normally.
Many girls affected by Turner's syndrome also may experience learning disabilities. These are usually related to subjects that are not related to verbal subjects. A girl's visual or motor coordination may be impaired, and she may have trouble with her spatial perception as well.
References
Genetic disorders
2009 US Open – Mixed Doubles

Carly Gullickson and Travis Parrott won in the final, 6-2, 6-4, against defending champions, Cara Black and Leander Paes.
Seeds
Liezel Huber / Mahesh Bhupathi (Semifinals)
Cara Black / Leander Paes (Final)
Lisa Raymond / Marcin Matkowski (Quarterfinals)
Anna-Lena Gronefeld / Mark Knowles (Second Round)
<li> Su-Wei Hsieh / Kevin Ullyett (Semifinals)
<li> Nadia Petrova / Max Mirnyi (First Round)
<li> Rennae Stubbs / Robert Lindstedt (Quarterfinals)
<li> Bethanie Mattek-Sands / Nenad Zimonjic (Quarterfinals)
Draw
Finals
Top Half
Bottom Half
Other websites
Official site of US Open
Mixed Doubles
Dassault Falcon 20

The Dassault Falcon 20 is a French twin-turbojet aircraft. It was the first business jet built in France. It can carry two pilots and between eight and twelve passengers.
Militaries variant
The United States Coast Guard uses a special variant for search and rescue and reconnaissance called HU-25 Guardian. A similar aircraft is used by French Navy as Gardian for operations in Overseas France.
United States Coast Guard aircraft
Falcon 20
French military aircraft
Whole-tone scale

In music, a whole tone scale is a scale in which each note is separated from the next one by an interval of a whole tone. There is always one note (a semitone) in between each neighbouring pair of notes of the whole-tone scale. Whatever note is started on, the whole tone scale will contain one of the following sets of notes:
C, D, E, F#, G#, A#
or
C#, D#, F, G, A, B
When a whole-tone scale is played on a piano, starting from a low note and moving up to high notes, while at the same time pressing the sustaining pedal (the right pedal), it makes a "dreamy" sound. It does not sound in any particular key, but floats along. It also sounds very good on a harp.
Debussy uses the whole-tone scale a lot in his music, but he was not the first to do so. Russian composers such as Glinka in his opera Ruslan and Ludmila and Borodin in Prince Igor used the whole-tone scale.
Later composers to use it include Alban Berg in his Violin Concerto, and Bela Bartok in
his String Quartet No. 5. It has also been used in jazz.
Music theory
Großeibstadt

Grosseibstadt is a municipality in Rhon-Grabfeld in Bavaria in Germany. The river Franconian Saale flows through Kleineibstadt.
The municipality has the following villages: Grosseibstadt and Kleineibstadt. The township is a member of the administrative community Saal an der Saale.
References
Rhon-Grabfeld
Mike Carter (politician)

Mike Carter (October 16, 1953 - May 16, 2021) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from January 8, 2013 until his death. Before that, he was Judge of the General Sessions Court of Hamilton County, Tennessee.
In November 2020, Carter was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer while being treated for COVID-19. He died from the disease on May 16, 2021 in Chattanooga, Tennessee at the age of 67.
References
1953 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
American judges
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Politicians from Tennessee
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Molly Ivins

Mary Tyler "Molly" Ivins (August 30, 1944-January 31, 2007) was an American journalist, author and political commentator. She worked for numerous newspapers, including the Minneapolis Star Tribune. She was the writer of many books. She died of severe breast cancer.
In 2005, Ivins received the Courage in Journalism Award.
References
American journalists
1944 births
2007 deaths
American political commentators
Cingulate cortex

The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain in the middle of the cerebral cortex. The two parts of the cingulate cortex are the cingulate gyrus and the cingulate sulcus. The cingulate cortex is above the corpus callosum.
Connections
The cingulate cortex is connected to many other parts of the brain. It gets input from the thalamus and the neocortex. Neurons send information from the cingulate cortex to the entorhinal cortex.
Importance
The cingulate cortex is a part of the limbic system. It is important for emotions, learning, and memory. The cingulate gyrus is very important for learning from the result of actions (eg. a child did an action that caused a bad outcome, so the child learned to not do that action). The cingulate cortex is also important in depression and schizophrenia.
References
Anatomy of the brain
Rita Poszkoli

Rita Poszkoli (born 20 July 1987) is a Hungarian water polo player. She is a member of Hungarian women's national water polo team. She played at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships and 2011 World Aquatics Championships.
References
1987 births
Living people
Hungarian water polo players
Spun

Spun is a 2002 melodramatic crime comedy movie. It is about meth abuse and drug addiction. Brittany Murphy plays Nikki, John Leguizamo plays Spider Mike and Mena Suvari plays Cookie. This melodramatic comedy was rated NC-17 by the MPAA, although the rating was later surrendered. This movie got negative review from critics when it was released.
2000s criminal comedy movies
2002 crime drama movies
2002 comedy-drama movies
2000s English-language movies
American criminal comedy movies
American crime drama movies
American independent movies
Yumi Umeoka

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Umeoka played for Prima Ham FC Kunoichi.
On June 15, 1997, Umeoka debuted for the Japan national team against China. She played at 1997 AFC Championship. She played 4 games for Japan until 1998.
Statistics
References
Living people
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
Iga FC Kunoichi Mie players
1997 AFC Women's Championship players
1949 births
Japan international footballers
2020 Belarusian presidential election

The Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 9 August 2020.
Candidates
These candidates appeared on the ballot:
Alexander Lukashenko (incumbent, president of Belarus since 1994)
Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, political activist and feminist
Siarhei Cherachen
Hanna Kanapatskaya
Andrey Dmitriev
Results
It was announced that Lukashenko won the election, marking his 6th term as President of the Republic of Belarus. This was disputed by both national and international sources. The platform "Golos (voice)" created prior to the election allowed Belarusians to upload photographs of their voting papers. From the sample provided - over 1 million voters - it was proven impossible for former President Lukashenko to obtain the number of votes stated.
Total Votes (Popular Vote)
Lukashenko - 4,661,075 (81.04%)
Tsikhanouskaya - 588,619 (10.23%)
Opposition candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya declared herself as the national leader of the country and called on Lukashenko to start negotiations. Meanwhile, her campaign team stated that they were ready to hold "long-term protests" against the official results.
Many protested the election results. Some governments did not recognise the results.
References
Belarus
August 2020 events
Politics of Belarus
Presidential elections
John Cage

John Milton Cage, Jr. usually known as just John Cage, (September 5, 1912 - August 12, 1992) was an American composer, writer, philosopher, and visual artist. He was one of the first composers (or musicians) to introduce different styles of music to popular culture. He made mostly avant-garde music and electronic music, and was very well known for making the piece 4'33", which challenged what music is. He also wrote music for pianos that had been "prepared" by having screws and nails placed in them. He was gay. His life partner from 1943 until his death was choreographer Merce Cunningham (1919-2009). Cage died of a stroke in New York City.
4'33"
This piece is in 3 movements (sections), and is special in that all of the movements are silent, the score having the Latin word for silence three times (tacit, tacit, tacit). Some people think that it is just a joke because of this, as there is nothing to listen to. It was written in 1952, and is 4 minutes and thirty three seconds long. Cage got the idea from being in a soundless chamber, but realising that even here there was no true silence because he could hear his heart beating.
References
Other websites
John Cage's former record label
John Cage's "Water Walk" video
1912 births
1992 deaths
20th-century American composers
Deaths from stroke
LGBT artists
LGBT composers
LGBT musicians
LGBT people from Los Angeles
LGBT writers
Musical entertainers from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Naoki Takahashi

Naoki Takahashi (born 8 August 1976) is a Japanese football player. He has played for Albirex Niigata.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="7"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||20||1||3||1||0||0||23||2
|-
|2000||35||0||3||0||2||0||40||0
|-
|2001||40||1||4||0||2||0||46||1
|-
|2002||14||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||1
|-
|2003||6||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||6||1||0||0||3||0||9||1
|-
|2005||20||0||1||0||4||0||25||0
141||4||15||1||11||0||167||5
141||4||15||1||11||0||167||5
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Fukuoka Prefecture
Schneizlreuth

Schneizlreuth (Bavarian and Western variant: Schneizlreith) is a municipality in Berchtesgadener Land, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
References
Berchtesgadener Land
Industrial engineering

Industrial engineering is a type of engineering. It is one of the fastest growing areas of engineering. It looks at what makes organizations work best. An industrial engineer tries to find the right combination of human and natural resources, technology, equipment, information and finance to do the work best. Industrial engineering is important to finding the answers to many important problems in manufacturing, distribution of goods and services, health care, utilities, transportation, entertainment, and the environment. Industrial engineers design and change how things are done to increase quality, safety and productivity.
Related pages
Systems engineering
Engineering disciplines
Robert de Zouche Hall

Sir Robert de Zouche Hall, GCMG (27 April 1904 - 19 March 1995) was an English colonial governor. He served in Sierra Leone and Tanganyika.
He moved from the United Kingdom to New Zealand in 1973. He settled in Gisborne.
References
1904 births
1995 deaths
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Sierra Leonean politicians
Port Blair

Port Blair () is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.
Transportation
Port Blair also serves as the entry point for visiting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Port Blair is connected with mainland India by both air and sea. It is a 2-hour flight from mainland India to Port Blair, but it takes 3-4 days by sea to reach Chennai, Kolkata or Vishakhapatnam. Air connectivity to Port Blair is available from Chennai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Bhubaneshwar and Vishakhapatnam. All flights bound to Andaman and Nicobar Islands land at the Veer Savarkar International Airport. Sea connectivity is available from Chennai, Kolkata and Vishakhapatnam are embarked in Haddo Wharf Port. It is home to several museums and a major naval base INS Jarawa of the Indian Navy, along with sea and air bases of the Indian Coast Guard and the Indian Air Force. Port Blair is also famous for the historic Cellular Jail and other small islands like Carbyns Cove, Wandoor, Ross, Viper etc. which were once home to British colonists.
Port Blair has been selected as one of the cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission.
Population
India census, Port Blair had a population of 100,608. Males constitute 52.92% (53,247) of the population and females 47.07% (47,361). Port Blair has an average literacy rate of 89.76%, higher than the national average that is 74.04%. In Port Blair, male literacy is 92.79%, and female literacy is 86.34%. 9.3% of the population is under the age of 6 years. The most common religion is Hinduism, followed by Christianity and Islam. Bengali is the most spoken language of the city, followed by Hindi and Tamil.
References
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Santiago Ezquerro

Santiago Ezquerro (born 14 December 1976) is a Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Osasuna||rowspan="2"|Segunda Division||2||0
|-
|1995/96||36||8
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Atletico Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||4||0
|-
|1997/98||4||0
|-
|1997/98||Mallorca||La Liga||14||6
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="7"|Athletic Bilbao||rowspan="7"|La Liga||38||7
|-
|1999/00||28||5
|-
|2000/01||19||3
|-
|2001/02||35||5
|-
|2002/03||35||11
|-
|2003/04||35||3
|-
|2004/05||31||11
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Barcelona||rowspan="3"|La Liga||12||2
|-
|2006/07||9||1
|-
|2007/08||3||0
|-
|2008/09||Osasuna||La Liga||11||1
316||63
316||63
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
FC Barcelona players
Haut-Nkam

Haut-Nkam is a department of West Province in Cameroon. The size of the department is 958 km, and as of 2005, there were 191,600 people living there. The capital of the department is at Bafang.
Subdivisions
The department is run by 7 communes, which are in turn made up of towns.
Bana
Bafang (urban)
Bafang (rural)
Bandja
Banka
Bakou
Batcheu
References
Pages with unreviewed translations
A Man at His Place

A Man at His Place () is a 1972 Soviet drama movie directed by Aleksey Sakharov. It stars Vladimir Menshov, Anastasiya Vertinskaya, and Armen Dzhigarkhanyan.
Actors
Vladimir Menshov as Semyon Bobrov
Anastasiya Vertinskaya
Armen Dzhigarkhanyan
Lev Durov
Viktor Avdyushko
Nina Menshikova
Georgi Burkov
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1972 drama movies
Russian drama movies
Movies directed by Aleksey Sakharov
Salt, Girona

Salt is a municipality in the comarca of the Girones and autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain. It is on the right bank of the Ter next to Girona, with which it was merged from 1974 to 1984. The A-7 autopista and N-141 road pass through the municipality.
References
Cities in Catalonia
Municipalities in Catalonia
S. K. Paramasivan

Sinniampalayam Kumaraswamy Paramasivan (26 February 1919 - 30 January 2022) was an Indian politician and agriculturist. He was a member of Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India between 1962 and 1967. Paramasivan was born in Chinniampalayam, Erode, British Raj. He was a member of the Indian National Congress.
Paramasivan died on 30 January 2022 in Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India from cardiopulmonary arrest at the age of 102.
References
1919 births
2022 deaths
Tamil Nadu politicians
Indian centenarians
Indian scientists
Saxmundham

Saxmundham is a town and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 2712 people living in Saxmundham.In 2011 the population was estimated by Suffolk County Council to be 3760.
Schools
There are two schools in Saxmundham: Saxmundham Primary School and Saxmundham Free School.
References
Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Towns in Suffolk
Pontoon bridge

A pontoon bridge is a bridge that floats on water. It is a floating bridge with barges or boats ('pontoons') to support the bridge deck.
Pontoon bridges are usually temporary structures, but some are used for long periods. Permanent floating bridges are useful for sheltered (quiet) water-crossings. It may be too expensive to suspend a bridge from anchored piers. Pontoon bridges may need a section that is elevated, or can be raised or removed, to allow ships to pass.
Pontoon bridges are often used in wartime as river crossings. They are usually temporary, and are sometimes destroyed after crossing (to keep the enemy from using them), or collapsed and carried (if on a long march). They were used to great advantage in many battles. Pontoon bridges have been in use since ancient times. It is thought that the first London Bridge was a Roman pontoon bridge. Roman legions had men and equipment to build pontoon bridges, and often made them. The first pontoon bridge was made by the Zhou Dynasty.
References
Bridge types
Prince Edward County, Virginia

Prince Edward County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 23,368. Its county seat is Farmville.
References
Virginia counties
Queen II

Queen II is the second studio album by Queen and was released on 8 March 1974 by EMI Records in the United Kingdom and by Elektra Records in the United States. It went to number 5 in the United Kingdom, number 19 in Norway, number 26 in Japan, number 40 in Canada and number 49 in the United States. It did poorly in the chart in Australia where it made #79.
Track listing
Original release
All lead vocals by Freddie Mercury unless noted.
Universal Music reissue (2011)
iTunes deluxe edition (2011)
References
1974 albums
Queen (band) albums
Elektra Records albums
Picanha

Picanha is a Brazilian type of beef cut. It is popular in Brazil and Portugal.
In the United States, the cut is known as top sirloin cap, rump cover, rump cap, or culotte. North American butchers tend to split this cut into other cuts like the rump, the round, and the loin. It has the fat cap muscle.
Brazil
In Brazil, the most well known meat usually is the picanha. There, the fat is kept until the steak has been cooked.
United States
In the United States, the fat is usually removed unless the customer says otherwise.
Preparation
Like most steak cuts, picanha can be cooked with different methods. It could be cooked on a skewer like in some Brazilian steakhouses or churrascarias.
References
Cuts of beef
Brazilian food
Landau an der Isar

Landau an der Isar is the second-largest town in the Lower Bavarian district, or Landkreis, of Dingolfing-Landau, in the state of Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Isar, 120 km downstream from Munich. In 2020, its population was around 14,000.
References
Other websites
Website of the town's Gymnasium
Landauer Zeitung (local newspaper; available through following link)
Dingolfing-Landau
Atari 7800

The Atari 7800 is a 8-bit video game console. It was competing with the Nintendo Entertainment System and the Sega Master System. It was Atari's third-to-last attempt to create another video game system that would be a successor to the Atari 2600. It was a short-lived success. chikakaboom
The Atari 7800 is backwards compatible with Atari 2600 games, but not Atari 5200 games. The Atari 7800 is also compatible with Atari 2600 controllers, such as the Atari Paddle controller and the Atari Joystick controller.
References
Video game consoles
Atari hardware
Polymer

A polymer is a molecule, made from joining many small molecules called monomers. The word "polymer" can be broken down into "poly" (meaning "many" in Greek) and "mer" (meaning "unit"). This shows how the chemical composition of a polymer consists of many smaller units (monomers) bonded together into a larger molecule. A chemical reaction bonding monomers together to make a polymer is called polymerization.
Some polymers are natural and made by organisms. Proteins have polypeptide molecules, which are natural polymers made from various amino acid monomer units. Nucleic acids are huge natural polymers made up of millions of nucleotide units. Cellulose and starch (two types of carbohydrate) are also natural polymers made up of glucopyranose monomer bonded together in different ways. Rubber is a mixture of polymers. Plastics are man-made polymers. Many fibers are made of polymers.
If the "units" called monomers in a polymer are all the same, then the polymer is called a "homopolymer". Homopolymers are named by adding the prefix poly- before the monomer name from which the polymer is made. For example, a polymer made by bonding styrene monomer molecules together is called polystyrene.
If the monomers are not all the same, the polymer is called a "copolymer" or a "heteropolymer".
Many polymer molecules are like chains where the monomer units are the links. Polymer molecules can be straight-chain, have branching from the main chain, or cross-linking between chains. As an example of cross-linking, sulfhydryl (-S-H) groups in two cysteine amino acid units in polypeptide chains can bond together to make a disulfide bridge (-S-S-) joining the chains together.
In the same way how large hydrocarbon molecules in crude oil can be broken down in smaller molecules e.g. ethylene by applying heat (a process called cracking), the monomer ethylene can then be turned into the polymer polyethylene by applying pressure and adding catalysts. Polyethelene is the basis of many plastic objects.
Related pages
Macromolecule
Synthetic fabric
Polymer chemistry
De Graeff

De Graeff, also known as Graeff (De Graef, Graef, but also Graaff) and De Graeff van Polsbroek, is the name of a Dutch patrician and aristocratic family that still exists today. The family peaked in Amsterdam and Holland in the 17th century, the Dutch Golden Age. Due clever tactics they become one of the most influential families in the Dutch Republic.
The wealth of the De Graeffs was based on commercial transactions and their marriage policy. In terms of their political commitment, they belonged to the Republican faction and were critica against the House of Orange. They were connected to the Bicker family through numerous marriage alliances. During the Golden Age, members of the De Graeff family were also important patrons of art.
The family lives in The Netherlands, South Africa and the German-speaking countries. In 1885 the Dutch main line was introduced in the new Dutch nobility. In 2013 the worldwide Family Association Graff-Graeff (Familienverband Graff-Graeff e.V.) was founded for the claimed Graeff lineage of Wolfgang von Graben. The chairmanship and administration of the Family Association must not be confused with the function of a head of the whole family and their different branches.
Lineage (section):
Wolfgang von Graben (+ 1521)
Peter von Graben aka Pieter Graeff (* 1450/1460) - progenitor of "(De) Graeff" (Holland)
Jan Pietersz Graeff (for 1512-1553)
Lenaert Jansz de Graeff (1530/35-1578)
Dirk Reynier de Graeff (named 1596) - alleged progenitor of "De Graaff" (Holland, Prussia)
Dirck Jansz Graeff (1532-1589)
Jacob Dircksz de Graeff (1570-1638) - progenitor of "De Graeff van Polsbroek" (Free Lords of Zuid-Polsbroek, Purmerland and Ilpendam)
Cornelis de Graeff (1599-1664)
Pieter de Graeff (1638-1707)
Johan de Graeff (1673-1714)
Gerrit de Graeff (1711-1752)
Gerrit II de Graeff (1741-1811)
Gerrit III de Graeff (1766-1814)
Gerrit IV de Graeff (1797-1870)
Gerrit Arnold Theodoor de Graeff (1831-1889) - progenitor of a line in South Africa
Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek (1833-1916)
Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff (1872-1958)
Andries de Graeff (1611-1678)
Jacob Jansz Graeff (+ ca 1580) - progenitor of a Dutch line and an illegitimate line
References
House De Graeff
Bredbyn

Bredbyn is a locality in Ornskoldsvik Municipality in Vasternorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,186 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Vasternorrland County
Bill Haslam

William Edward "Bill" Haslam (born August 23, 1958) is an American politician. He was the 49th Governor of Tennessee. A member of the Republican Party, Haslam was elected Governor in 2010 and was sworn in on January 15, 2011.
References
Other websites
1958 births
Living people
American mayors
Governors of Tennessee
Politicians from Knoxville, Tennessee
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Emory University alumni
List of named minor planets: 4000–4999

From 4,000 to 4,999
4000 Hipparchus
4001 Ptolemaeus
4003 Schumann
4007 Euryalos
4008 Corbin
4009 Drobyshevskij
4015 Wilson-Harrington
4022 Nonna
4029 Bridges
4031 Mueller
4034 Vishnu
4035 Thestor
4045 Lowengrub
4055 Magellan
4057 Demophon
4060 Deipylos
4063 Euforbo
4065 Meinel
4068 Menestheus
4082 Swann
4085 Weir
4086 Podalirius
4090 Risehvezd
4118 Sveta
4138 Kalchas
4142 Dersu-Uzala
4147 Lennon
4149 Harrison
4150 Starr
4151 Alanhale
4175 Billbaum
4176 Sudek
4177 Kohman
4179 Toutatis
4183 Cuno
4185 Phystech
4197 Morpheus
4205 David Hughes
4209 Briggs
4217 Engelhardt
4222 Nancita
4230 van den Bergh
4257 Ubasti
4263 Abashiri
4265 Kani
4276 Clifford
4282 Endate
4318 Bata
4324 Bickel
4332 Milton
4340 Dence
4341 Poseidon
4348 Poulydamas
4349 Tiburcio
4354 Euclides
4358 Lynn
4362 Carlisle
4364 Shkodrov
4383 Suruga
4388 Jurgenstock
4391 Balodis
4401 Aditi
4429 Chinmoy
4432 McGraw-Hill
4435 Holt
4440 Tchantches
4446 Carolyn
4450 Pan
4451 Grieve
4486 Mithra
4489 Dracius
4492 Debussy
4501 Eurypylos
4524 Barklajdetolli
4525 Johnbauer
4543 Phoinix
4544 Xanthus
4547 Massachusetts
4581 Asclepius
4585 Ainonai
4587 Rees
4606 Saheki
4607 Seilandfarm
4608 Wodehouse
4647 Syuji
4659 Roddenberry
4660 Nereus
4672 Takuboku
4674 Pauling
4707 Khryses
4708 Polydoros
4709 Ennomos
4713 Steel
4715 Medesicaste
4722 Agelaos
4754 Panthoos
4756 Asaramas
4760 Jia-xiang
4765 Wasserburg
4769 Castalia
4776 Luyi
4786 Tatianina
4789 Sprattia
4790 Petrpravec
4791 Iphidamas
4792 Lykaon
4797 Ako
4804 Pasteur
4805 Asteropaios
4822 Karge
4827 Dares
4828 Misenus
4832 Palinurus
4833 Meges
4834 Thoas
4836 Medon
4867 Polites
4868 Knushevia
4897 Tomhamilton
4899 Candace
4902 Thessandrus
4904 Makio
4923 Clarke
4936 Butakov
4942 Munroe
4944 Kozlovskij
4946 Askalaphus
4947 Ninkasi
4949 Akasofu
4951 Iwamoto
4954 Eric
4957 Brucemurray
4959 Niinoama
4962 Vecherka
4997 Ksana
Related pages
References
Other websites
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets, Minor Planet Center
Lists of minor planets by name
Austan Goolsbee

Austan Dean Goolsbee (born August 18, 1969) is an American economist. Goolsbee was the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers. He was a member of the cabinet of President Barack Obama and an acting fill-in anchor for WGN-TV in Chicago.
References
1969 births
Living people
United States Council of Economic Advisers
American television news anchors
Politicians from Texas
Politicians from Chicago
American economists
Scientists from Texas
Scientists from Illinois
People from Waco, Texas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Kieran Culkin

Kieran Kyle Culkin (born September 30, 1982) is an American actor. He began his career as a child actor, acting alongside his older brother Macaulay in the Home Alone franchise (1990/1992).
His best known role was in Igby Goes Down (2002) where he was nominated for a Best Actor Golden Globe Award. He is also well known for his role as Wallace Wells in the cult movie Scott Pilgrim vs. the World.
References
1982 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American child actors
Actors from New York City
Langres

Langres is a commune of France and a subprefecture of the Haute-Marne department in northeastern France, in the Grand Est region.
Geography
The city of Langres is on the southen part of the Haute-Marne department in northeast France; the city is on a promontory that is to the north of the Plateau de Langres.
It has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The distances from Langres to other cities are:
Paris, the national capital - ;
Strasbourg - ;
Bordeaux - ;
Toulouse - ;
Montpellier - ;
Lyon - ;
Nantes - ;
Marseille - .
The commune of Langres is surrounded by the communes Balesmes-sur-Marne, Champigny-les-Langres, Chatenay-Macheron, Humes-Jorquenay, Peigney, Perrancey-les-Vieux-Moulins, Saint-Ciergues, Saint-Vallier-sur-Marne and Saints-Geosmes.
The Marne river flows through the commune of Langres.
Climate
The Koppen climate classification type for the climate at Langres is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Langres is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is August with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Langres is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
Population
The inhabitants of Langres are known, in French, as Langonais (women: Langonaises) or Langrois (women: Langroises).
The city of Langres has a population, in 2014, of 7,850 and its population density is of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Langres
Administration
Langres is a subprefecture of the Haute-Marne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Langres and the administrative centre () of the canton Langres formed by 18 communes (including Langres), with 12,160 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Le Grand Langres ().
Twinned and partner towns
Langres is twinned with:
Beaconsfield, United Kingdom - since 1995.
Ellwangen, Germany - since 1964.
Abbiategrasso, Italy.
Gallery
Related pages
Arrondissement of Langres
Communes of the Haute-Marne department
References
Other websites
Site officiel de la ville de Langres
Communes in Haute-Marne
Subprefectures in France
Jacques Le Goff

Jacques Le Goff (1 January 1924 - 1 April 2014) was a French historian and author. He wrote many books about the Middle Ages. Mostly during the 12th and 13th centuries. Le Goff was known for arguing that the Middle Ages created a new civilization. In 1984, he wrote The Birth of Purgatory.
Le Goff was born in Toulon. He died in Paris, France from natural causes, aged 90.
References
1924 births
2014 deaths
French academics
French historians
Writers from Toulon
Molbergen

Molbergen is a municipality in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany, about west of Cloppenburg.
References
Cloppenburg (district)
Akari (satellite)

is a Japanese artificial satellite which was put into orbit in 2006.
The launch was a project of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
The satellite was launched on February 22, 2006.
The primary mission of Akari was as a space observatory to survey the entire sky in near-, mid- and far-infrared with its infrared telescope.
References
Other websites
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Akari (ASTRO-F) mission profile
Japanese space program
Satellites
2006 in Asia
2000s in Japan
Spacecrafts launched in 2000s
A Más

A Mas (formerly: a+) is a Mexican television network owned by TV Azteca, was released on March 20, 2017 in three cities and later expanded in April 7, 2017.
The channel is listed on frequency 7.2 from Azteca 7 transmitters and was originally released for regional programming.
References
Television networks
2017 establishments in North America
121 Hermione

121 Hermione is a very big asteroid of the dark C spectral type, orbiting in the Cybele group in the farther part of the main belt. As a C-type, it is probably made of carbonate.
Hermione was found by J. C. Watson on May 12, 1872, and named after Hermione, daughter of Menelaus and Helen in Greek mythology. Hermione is a Cybele asteroid and orbits beyond most of the main belt asteroids.
The asteroid has an odd shape, as evidenced by adaptive optics images, the first of which were taken in December 2003, with the Keck telescope. Of many proposed shape models that agreed with the images, a "snowman"-like shape was found to best fit the seen precession rate of Hermione's moon.
Observation of the moon's orbit has made possible a correct determination of Hermione's mass. For the best-fit "snowman" model, the density is found to be 1.8 +- 0.2 g/cm3. This gives a porosity of the order of 20%. This could be because the main asteroids are fractured solid bodies, but not a rubble pile (an asteroid that has been broken up by a collision and pulled back together by gravity).
Occultations by Hermione have been successfully seen three times so far, the last time in February 2004.
Moon (S/2002 (121) 1)
A moon of Hermione was found in 2002 with the Keck II telescope. The moon is currently called S/2002 (121) 1. It has not yet been officially named, but the name "LaFayette" has been suggested by a group of astronomers. This is after the ship used in secret by the Marquis de Lafayette to reach America to help the Americans during the American Revolutionary War.
References
Other websites
121 Hermione and S/2002 (121) 1, orbit data website maintained by F. Marchis. Includes adaptive optics images, orbit diagrams, and shape models.
Data on (121) Hermione from Johnston's archive (maintained by W. R. Johnston)
Tally of Asteroids Harboring Moons Grows Beyond 30 (Space.com, 3 October 2002)
Asteroids
Bacillus (shape)

A bacillus (plural bacilli) is a rod-shaped cylindrical bacterium. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria.
When the name Bacillus is capitalized and italicized, it refers to a specific genus of bacteria.
If it is not capitalized or italicized the name refers to any rod-shaped bacterium.
There is no connection between the shape of a bacterium and its colors in the gram staining. In other words, some of them are gram negative and some are gram positive.
References
Bacteria
Lin Beifong

is a major character in Nickelodeon's animated television series The Legend of Korra. The voice was by actress Mindy Sterling. It was aired from 2012 to 2014.
The character and the series, a sequel to Avatar: The Last Airbender, were made by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko.
Lin's mother, Toph Beifong. Lin is the older of Toph's two children.
She has the same abilities like her mother such as sensing movement based on her feet.
References
Characters of Avatar: The Last Airbender
New York-style pizza

New York-style pizza is pizza made with a large hand-tossed thin crust. The crust is thick and crispy only on the edge, yet soft and thin.
Pizza
Kungsängen

Kungsangen is an urban area in the county of Stockholm in Sweden. It is the seat of Upplands-Bro Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Stockholm County
Israel National Museum of Science, Technology, and Space

Israel National Museum of Science, Technology, and Space ( ) is Israel's national museum of science, technology, and space. It is located in Haifa. It occupies the old Technion building.
References
Other websites
National Museum of Science, Technology and Space at ilMuseums.com
Museums in Haifa
Hershey's Syrup

Hershey's Syrup is a syrup made by Hershey's. It is often used to make chocolate milk, chocolate ice cream with chocolate syrup, and smoothies.
One tablespoon of Hershey's Chocolate Syrup has 45 calories.
References
Syrup
Central Bohemian Region

The Central Bohemian Region is a region of the Czech Republic. It covers 14% of the country, with the highest population of any region of the Czech Republic. The capital city for the region is Prague.
Important rivers in the region are Elbe, Vltava, Berounka, Jizera and Sazava. Krivoklatsko Protected Landscape Area is in Central Bohemia.
Administrative divisions
The Central Bohemian Region is divided into 12 districts:
References
Bohemia
Union County, Tennessee

Union County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,802. Its county seat is Maynardville.
References
Tennessee counties
Electromagnet

Electromagnets are temporary and artificial magnets. They are magnets that are only magnetic when there is a coil of wire with electricity running through it. The coil of wire is called a solenoid. The strength of the magnet is proportional to the current flowing in the circuit. The electricity running through the wire is called a current. The current is the flow of electrons, which are negatively charged particles. Electromagnets are used for a variety of purposes. In a simple example, an electromagnet can pick up pieces of iron, nickel, and cobalt.
Electromagnets can be made stronger by adding more coils to the copper wire, or adding an iron core through the coils (for example a nail). The current can also be increased to make the magnetism stronger. British electrician William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet in 1825.
An electromagnet is useful because it can be turned on and off easily (using an electric current), whereas a permanent magnet cannot be turned off and will continue to affect its immediate environment.
Different alloys act differently. Iron stops being an electromagnet very quickly, but steel takes time to wear off. To make an electromagnet, copper wire is wound around an iron rod. The two ends of the wire are connected to the + (positive) and - (negative) side of the battery.
Usage
Electromagnets are used in everyday items such as burglar alarms, electric relays and fire bells. Electric motors are basically electromagnets. Their ability to change from the state of non-magnetic to magnetic just by passing an electric current through it allows it to be used in many different items. This ability is used in relays.
Electromagnets can also be used to make electricity. Movement of a magnet back and forth in front of the electromagnet will make an electric current.
Why electromagnets work
Electromagnets work because when electricity flows through a wire it makes a magnetic field around the wire. The direction of the magnetic field can be found by using the right-hand rule. This means that if a person points the thumb of their right hand in the direction of the current, the magnetic field would go around the wire the same way their fingers would wrap around the wire.
The magnetic field made by a single wire is not usually very strong. To make an electromagnet normally the wire is wrapped in many loops to make the fields of each piece of wire add together into one stronger magnetic field.
More reading
Other websites
Tools
Electromagnetism
Svenljunga Municipality

Svenljunga Municipality () is a municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Svenljunga.
References
Other websites
Svenljunga Municipality
Municipalities of Vastra Gotaland County
Bawcomville, Louisiana

Bawcomville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Census-designated places in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Mohamed Sedki Sulayman

Mohamed Sedki Sulayman (1919 - 28 March 1996) was an Egyptian politician and Prime Minister of Egypt from 10 September 1966 to 19 June 1967.
Between 1962 and 1966, he was the minister supervising the building of the Aswan High Dam.
1919 births
1996 deaths
Middleton, Cumbria

Middleton is a village and civil parish in South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 109 people living in Middleton.
References
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Francine Muyumba

Francine Fuhara Muyumba (born 18 February 1987) is a Congolese youth leader serving as President of the Pan African Youth Union. In 2011, Muyumba became the first International Student to be elected President of the University of Namibia Student Representative Council. The other International student to have held the position was Joseph Kalimbwe seven years later.
In 2017, Muyumba was chosen among the 100 Influential young Africans.
References
1987 births
Democratic Republic of the Congo politicians
Youth activists
Living people
Squid Noir

"Squid Noir" is the first part of the 9th episode of the 11th season of SpongeBob SquarePants. It was first shown on television on November 10, 2017. The episode is about Squidward's clarinet going missing before playing at an open mic. The episode is shown in black and white. Before the episode was shown on television, fans were able to color the end of the episode. The first time the episode was on television, pictures that fans colored were shown at the end of the episode.
Story
Squidward tries to play his clarinet at the Krusty Krab to prepare for playing at an open mic. The customers do not like the music and get him kicked out. Squidward tries to play in many other places, but no one wants to hear him play. He tries to play in his house, but his neighbor Patrick does not want to hear him play.
Before the night of the open mic, Squidward takes a nap. When he wakes up, he can not find his clarinet and thinks it was stolen. He goes to SpongeBob thinking that he took it. SpongeBob shows that he was at his grandmother's house when it happened. Squidward and SpongeBob go to the Krusty Krab and do a search on Mr. Krabs. Krabs says that he was counting his money when it happened and could not have taken the clarinet. Squidward and SpongeBob go to a comic book store to search Bubble Bass. SpongeBob and Bubble Bass fight using action figures. Bubble Bass's action figure breaks at the end of the fight.
Squidward goes back to his house. Patrick finds jelly on where the clarinet last was. Squidward, SpongeBob, and Patrick go to a field and find a jellyfish with Squidward's clarinet. Squidward gets the clarinet back and plays on the open mic that night.
Reception
The episode was watched by 1.855 million people when it was first shown on television. John Schwartz of Bubble Blabber liked the black and white look but thought that the episode was "too cliched" (not original). Blake Harper of Fatherly said that the episode is "a hilarious tribute" to the noir genre.
References
Other websites
SpongeBob SquarePants episodes
2017 television episodes
Thören

Thoren is a village on the southern edge of the Luneburg Heath in the north German state of Lower Saxony. It is in the Aller-Leine Valley and is an Ortschaft (municipal division) of the municipality of Winsen (Aller).
References
Other websites
Thoren website
Winsen (Aller) website
German Oil Museum in Wietze
Villages in Lower Saxony
Luneburg Heath
Winsen an der Aller
Julia set

A Julia set is a fractal. It is a set defined given a rational function (written J(f)). The Fatou set of a rational function (F(f)) is the complementary set of the Julia set of f. The Fatou set of a function are the values such that all nearby values behave similarly when the function is repeatedly iterated.
Related pages
Fractal
Mandelbrot set
Fractals
Sonny Callahan

Herbert Leon "Sonny" Callahan (September 11, 1932 - June 24, 2021) was an American businessman and politician. He was elected as a Democrat from Mobile. Callahan was repeatedly elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1985 to 2003.
Callahan died on June 24, 2021 in Mobile at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
Sonny Callahan on the Issues
1932 births
2021 deaths
United States representatives from Alabama
Politicians from Mobile, Alabama
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Businesspeople from Alabama