pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Serial port

In computing, a serial port is a serial communication physical interface through which information transfers, either in or out, one bit at a time (in contrast with parallel port).
During most of the personal computers history, serial ports connected computers to devices such as terminals and various peripherals.
While such interfaces as Ethernet, FireWire, and USB all send data as a serial stream, the term "serial port" usually identifies hardware meeting the requirements of the RS-232 standard, for the purpose of interfacing with a modem or with a similar communication device.
For many computer peripheral devices the USB interface has replaced the serial port. While nearly every server has a serial port, many modern low-end workstations and laptops often don't have one. The serial port is not present for cost savings, and is considered to be a legacy port on personal computers.
However, serial ports can be found in industrial systems, scientific analysis and laboratory equipments, point of sales and some industrial and consumer products. Network equipments (such as routers and switches) often have serial ports for configuration. Serial ports are still used in these areas as they are simple, cheap and allow communications between devices.
Computer hardware
Computer networking
Electrical connectors
Computer buses
Nephritis

Nephritis is inflammation of the kidneys. It may involve the glomeruli, tubules, or interstitial tissue surrounding the glomeruli and tubules.
Nephritis is often caused by infections, and toxins, but is most commonly caused by autoimmune disorders that affect the major organs like kidneys.
Nephritis can produce glomerular injury, by disturbing the glomerular structure with inflammatory cell proliferation. This can lead to reduced glomerular blood flow, leading to reduced urine output (oliguria) and retention of waste products (uremia). As a result, red blood cells may leak out of damaged glomeruli, causing blood to appear in the urine (hematuria).
References
Inflammation
Hohenburg, Bavaria

Hohenburg is a market town in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach in the Upper Palatinate, in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Other websites
Official website
Amberg-Sulzbach
Sabrina Bulleri

Sabrina Bulleri (7 January 1959 - 18 April 2000, Ghezzano) was an Italian Paralympic athlete.
She won bronze medals at the 1984 Summer Paralympics, in the 4x400 meters, and 100 meters. She won gold medals at the 1988 Summer Paralympic Games in the 4x100 meters, 200 meters, and 100 meters. She won a bronze medal at the 4x200 meters.
Life
Sabrina Bulleri started practicing sports in the ASHA company of Pisa, where she trained with Soriano Ceccanti, Mariella Bertini and Santo Mangano, all of whom became Paralympic champions.
She competed in category 3 (wheelchair athletes), emerging in speed races, where, at the Seoul Paralympics, she won three gold medals, in the 100, 200 meters, and in the 4 x 100 meters relay. She also won three bronze medals. After 1990, she left the competitive sport.
After a long illness, she died in April 2000 in Ghezzano.
Legacy
In the Migliarino park, in San Rossore, Massaciuccoli , where she worked, an accessible path was dedicated to her, the Bulleri path
References
1959 births
2000 deaths
Saffron Walden

Saffron Walden is a town near the M11 motorway, in the Uttlesford district of Essex.
It is a market town north of Bishop's Stortford, south of Cambridge and north of London.
It has a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period.
The population was 15,504 at the 2011 census.
References
Towns in Essex
Uttlesford
Anchor Bay Entertainment

Anchor Bay Entertainment was an American home entertainment and production company founded in 1985. It is a division of Starz Media which is a unit of and a joint venture with Starz Inc. which owns 75%. The Weinstein Company owns 25%. It was owned by IDT Entertainment until 2006 when IDT was purchased by Starz Media. Anchor Bay markets and sells feature movies, television series, television specials and short films to consumers worldwide. In 2004, Anchor Bay agreed to have its movies distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment and renewed their deal in 2011.
Anchor Bay also had a movie studio known as Anchor Bay Films which distributed independent theatrical films.
in 2017, Anchor Bay was shut down.
References
Movie production companies
Companies based in California
Beverly Hills, California
1985 establishments in the United States
Jigonhsasee

Jigonhsasee (alternately spelled Jikonhsaseh and Jikonsase) was one of the founders of the Iroquois Confederacy. The other founders were the Great Peacemaker and Hiawatha. She is known as the Mother of Nations. According to legend, the Peacemaker came to Jigonhsasee. He told her about his mission to build a confederacy. That led to the founding of the Iroquois confederacy which took place around 900 CE.
Related pages
Great Peacemaker
Hiawatha
Iroquois
Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
References
Native American people
Xiaolin Showdown

Xiaolin Showdown is an American animated television series that aired on Kids' WB and was created by Christy Hui. Set in a world where martial arts battles and Eastern magic are commonplace, the series follows four young Xiaolin warriors in training who battle the Heylin forces of evil. They do this by protecting Shen Gong Wu (ancient artifacts that have great magical powers) from villains that would use them to conquer the world. Typical episodes revolve around a specific Shen Gong Wu being revealed which results in both sides racing to find it. Episodes usually reach a head when one good and one evil character must challenge each other to a magical duel called a Xiaolin Showdown for possession of the artifact.
Characters
Omi
Raimundo Pedrosa
Kimiko Tohomiko
Clay Bailey
Dojo Kanojo Cho
Jack Spicer
Wuya
Chase Young
Episodes
Sint-Pieters-Leeuw

Sint-Pieters-Leeuw is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 30929 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 46 North, 04deg 14 East.
References
Municipalities of Flemish Brabant
Virgilio Giotti

Virgil Schonbeck (15 January 1885 - 21 September 1957), known by his pen name Virgilio Giotti, was an Italian poet. He wrote in both Italian and in the Triestine dialect.
1885 births
1957 deaths
Writers from Trieste
Italian poets
Courtney Barnett

Courtney Melba Barnett (born 3 November 1987) is an Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist from Melbourne. Barnett was born in Tasmania. Barnett started playing guitar when she was 10. Barnett starts a UK tour in May.
Other websites
Official website
References
1987 births
Australian singer-songwriters
Living people
Wagenhausen

Wagenhausen is a municipality of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Thurgau
Álvaro Lapuerta

Alvaro de Lapuerta Quintero (22 September 1927 - 2 June 2018) was a Spanish politician. He was born in Madrid. He sat on the Congress of Deputies between 1977 and 2004, and as served as treasurer of the People's Party from 1993 to 2008.
Lapuerta died on 2 June 2018 in Madrid of complications of dementia at the age of 90.
References
1927 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Spanish lawyers
Politicians from Madrid
DU Crucis

DU Crucis is a red supergiant star in the Jewel Box Cluster, a star cluster in Crux (the Southern Cross). It is over 500 times wider than the Sun and 50,000 times brighter.
References
Stars
Red giants
Supergiants
Jean Baptiste de Montesson, Marquis of Montesson

Jean Baptiste de Montesson, Marquis of Montesson (1687-1769) was a French Nobleman, with the rank of a Marquis. His second wife was Charlotte de La Haye de Riou. Despite marrying twice, he had no children.
Brief biography
Baptised at the Church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris, in 1687. He was a member of the Montesson family from the region of Brittany in France. In 1709 he married Marguerite Iris de Poix The couple had no children. Eventually at the age of 70 he married Charlotte de La Haye de Riou. His second wife would eventually become the mistress and later still the secret wife of the Duke of Orleans
The aged Marquis of Montesson died in Paris at the age of 83. He was buried in the Arcis de Meslay in Meslay (du-Maine). His tomb was destroyed during the French Revolution.
Notes and references
1687 births
1769 deaths
People from Paris
Noblemen from France
Mercuer

Mercuer is a village and commune of the Ardeche departement in the center of southern France. The commune has a population of about 1,000 people as of the year 1999.
Related pages
Communes of the Ardeche department
References
Communes in Ardeche
M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story

M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language biographical sports drama film written and directed by Neeraj Pandey. It is based on the life of former Test, ODI and T20I captain of the Indian national cricket team, Mahendra Singh Dhoni. The film stars Sushant Singh Rajput as Dhoni, along with Disha Patani, Kiara Advani, and Anupam Kher. The film chronicles the life of Dhoni from a young age through a series of life events.
The idea of the biopic was put forward by Dhoni's manager, Arun Pandey, after encountering an incident at an airport after the 2011 Cricket World Cup Final. Development began two years later, with the consent of Dhoni. Neeraj Pandey was later approached to helm the film while he was working on Baby. Pandey recruited a number of people for research into Dhoni's background and his life events. Dhoni eventually became a consultant on the film.
The film was released on 30 September 2016 by Fox Star Studios and received the widest release ever for a Bollywood film across 61 countries. In addition to being released in Hindi language, it was also dubbed in Tamil, Telugu, and Marathi languages, although the Marathi release was later canceled due to opposition. Upon release, the film became a critical and commercial success. It is currently the fifth highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2016 in India with .
Cast
Sushant Singh Rajput as Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Kiara Advani as Sakshi Mahendra Singh Dhoni nee Rawat, Dhoni's wife
Disha Patani as Priyanka Jha, Dhoni's girlfriend
Anupam Kher as Pan Singh Dhoni, Dhoni's father
Bhumika Chawla as Jayanti Gupta, Dhoni's sister
Swini Khara as young Jayanti
Rajesh Sharma as Dhoni's coach Baneerji
Shantilal Mukherjee as Sarkar
Mithu Chakrabarty as Coach Banerjee's wife
Kumud Mishra as Mr. Deval Sahay
Kali Prasad Mukherjee as Animesh Kumar Ganguly
Kranti Prakash Jha as Santosh Lal
Deepak Dutta as Dilip Vengsarkar
Ravindra Mankani as Jagmohan Dalmiya
Kiran More as himself (Chief National Selector)
Herry Tangri as Yuvraj Singh (During 1999/00 Cooch Behar Trophy final)
Rajendra Chawla as Dhoni's first sponsor
Monica Mundu as Mrs Shukla
Alok Pandey as Chittu (Dhoni's best friend)
Sanjay Dadhich as Satya Prakash Krishna (Dhoni's friend at railways)
Sandeep Nahar as Param Bhaiya (Dhoni's Sikh friend)
Sarvadaman D. Banerjee as Chanchal
Rhea Sharma as Ritu (Sakshi's college friend)
References
It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie

It's A Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie is a 2002 NBC Christmas television movie. It was directed by Kirk R. Thatcher and was produced by Warren Carr and Martin G. Baker. It's A Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie was released on November 29, 2002. The movie stars The Muppets, Whoopi Goldberg, David Arquette, Matthew Lillard, Joan Cusack, and the cast of Scrubs. It is a homage to Frank Capra's 1946 movie, It's a Wonderful Life.
The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 90% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie was nominated at the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Music and Lyrics for the song "Everyone Matters".
Cast
David Arquette as Daniel
Joan Cusack as Rachel Bitterman
Matthew Lillard as Luc Fromage
Whoopi Goldberg as The Boss
William H. Macy as Glenn
Mel Brooks as Joe Snow (voice)
Chantal Strand as Nancy Nut-What
Dave "Squatch" Ward as Sally Ann Santa Claus
Muppets
Steve Whitmire as Kermit the Frog, Rizzo the Rat, Beaker
Dave Goelz as The Great Gonzo, Dr. Bunsen Honeydew, Zoot, Waldorf
Bill Barretta as Pepe the King Prawn, Swedish Chef, Johnny Fiama, Bobo the Bear, Lew Zealand, Howard Tubman, Rowlf the Dog
Eric Jacobson as Miss Piggy, Fozzie Bear, Animal, Yoda Muppet
Kevin Clash as Sam Eagle (voice only)
Brian Henson as Scooter, Janice, Sal Minella
John Henson as Sweetums
John Kennedy as Sam Eagle (puppetry only), Dr. Teeth
Jerry Nelson as Robin the Frog, Pops, Floyd Pepper, Announcer, Statler
Allan Trautman as Joe Snow (puppetry only), Eugene the Tuba Player
Cameos
Zach Braff as Himself/Dr. John "J.D." Dorian
Sarah Chalke as Herself/Dr. Elliot Reid
Carson Daly as Himself
Snoop Dogg as Himself (scene deleted)
Neil Flynn as Himself/Janitor
Bill Lawrence as Himself
John C. McGinley as Himself/Dr. Perry Cox
Judy Reyes as Herself/Nurse Carla Espinosa
Kelly Ripa as Herself
Joe Rogan as Himself
Molly Shannon as Herself
Robert Smigel as Triumph, the Insult Comic Dog
References
Other websites
Official website
2002 movies
2000s family movies
2002 comedy movies
American family movies
American comedy movies
American television movies
Christmas movies
English-language movies
Sequel movies
Federal Convention (Germany)

The Bundesversammlung, or Federal Convention, is a special federal body in Germany.
It is made up of all of the members of the Bundestag, plus an equal number of delegates elected by the parliaments of the Lander. Those delegates don't have to be memebers of the Lander parliaments; sometimes celebrities are chosen.
The convention usually has for about 1200 members. The only task of the Bundesversammlung is to elect the Federal President.
Meeting
The Bundesversammlung is called to meet by the President of the Bundestag, and the President of the Bundestag acts as Chairman of the Bundesversammlung.
The Bundesversammlung meets at least thirty days before the end of the Federal President's term of office ends, in order to elect the next president. If the Federal President dies or is impeached, the Bundesversammlung meets within 30 days.
Electing the President
The Bundesversammlung does not hold debates or question any of the candidates for president.
It chooses the next Federal President by an absolute majority vote. If no-one has an absolute majority on the first and second ballot, then they hold a third ballot, and the winner is the person who has the highest number of votes.
German Bundestag
Government of Germany
President of Germany
Electoral colleges
David Gergen

David Richmond Gergen (born May 9, 1942) is an American political commentator. He was a presidential adviser during the administrations of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. He is a senior political analyst for CNN. Gergen is a professor of public service and he was the first director of the Center for Public Leadership at the Harvard Kennedy School.
References
1942 births
Living people
American political commentators
Educators from North Carolina
CNN people
White House Communications Directors
Politicians from North Carolina
Writers from North Carolina
Politicians from Massachusetts
Writers from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Independent politicians in the United States
People from Durham, North Carolina
Harvard University faculty
Livarot cheese

Livarot is a cheese from Normandy. It is produced in the village with the same name. It is a soft cheese made from the milk of cows.
French cheeses
Calvados
Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde

Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde (15 November 1939 - 8 February 2015) was a Finnish physician. She wrote and taught about parapsychology, ufology and mind control.
Luukanen-Kilde died in Vaasa in February 2015 after a long illness, aged 75.
References
1939 births
2015 deaths
Finnish scientists
Finnish writers
Physicians
Hull, Iowa

Hull is a city in Iowa in the United States. The city began on May 15, 1886 and was first named Pattersonville after John G. Patterson. The name changed one more time to Winland, before it was named for John A. T. Hull, a U.S. Representative from Iowa.
References
Cities in Iowa
Elias Nilsson

Elias Nilsson (born 1 April 1910 in Stugun, Sweden, died 9 November 2001 in Lit, Sweden) was a Swedish cross-country skier. In 1938, he won the Vasaloppet.
References
1910 births
2001 deaths
Swedish skiers
Eagle

Eagle is a general term for many large birds of prey. Over 60 species have been described, and they live in many parts of the world. Most species of eagle are found in Eurasia and in Africa.
Eagles are not a natural monophyletic group. The name describes a bird of prey big enough to hunt larger vertebrates. Eagles hunt during the day and have very good eyesight. Eagles are generally put in the family Accipitridae. They belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related.
The largest eagle that has ever lived is Haast's eagle. It is the only eagle in the world ever to have been top predator of its ecosystem. Though it is now extinct, it lived in New Zealand. Before man got there, it preyed on moas.
Eagles are carnivores. This means that they eat meat from other animals. Eagles are birds of prey, and so are vultures, falcons and owls. Eagles use their strong talons to catch and grab their food, and they use their sharp beaks to help them tear into the meat of their prey.
References
Accipitriformes
National symbols of Serbia
National symbols of Nigeria
Estavayer

Estavayer is a new municipality of the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland. It is on the south shore of Lake Neuchatel and is between Yverdon and Bern. It is the capital of the district of Broye. It was created on 1 January 2017, when the former municipalities of Bussy, Estavayer-le-Lac, Morens, Murist, Rueyres-les-Pres, Vernay and Vuissens merged to form Estavayer.
References
Other websites
Official website of the municipality of Estavayer
2017 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Fribourg
Pierre Corneille

Pierre Corneille (June 6, 1606 - October 1, 1684) was a French playwright. He is one of the most famous 17th century French dramatists. Some others are Moliere and Racine. He has been called "the founder of French tragedy" and produced plays for nearly forty years.
Works
Melite (1629)
Clitandre (1630-31)
la Veuve (1631)
la Galerie du Palais (1631-32)
La Place royale (1633-34)
l'Illusion comique (1636)
Medee (1635)
le Cid (1637)
Horace (1640)
Cinna (1641)
Polyeucte (1642)
La Mort de Pompee (1643)
Le Menteur (1643)
Rodogune (1644)
Heraclius (1647)
Don Sanche d'Aragon (1650)
Andromede, (1650)
Nicomede, (1651)
Pertharite, (1651)
l'Imitation de Jesus-Christ (1656)
Oedipe (1659)
Trois Discours sur le poeme dramatique (1660)
La Toison d'or (1660)
Sertorius (1662)
Othon (1664)
Agesilas (1666)
Attila (1667)
Tite et Berenice (1670)
Psyche (w/ Moliere and Philippe Quinault,1671)
Surena (1674)
1606 births
1684 deaths
French playwrights
Schandmaul

Schandmaul is a medieval folk rock band from Munich, Germany. They formed in 1998. The members right now are: Thomas Lindner, Birgit Muggenthaler, Anna Kranzlein, Martin Duckstein, Stefan Brunner, Matthias Richter.
The first song (Teufelsweib) was recorded in 1998. In the following year they released their very first Album "Wahre Helden". In 2000 the Album "Von Spitzbuben und anderen Halunken" has been redorded and released. In 2001 the band was discorvered by a record label, which led to the rerelease of "Von Spitzbuben und Halunken".
Discography
Albums
Wahre Helden (1999)
Von Spitzbuben und anderen Halunken (2000)
Narrenkonig (lit. Jester's King) (2002)
Wie Pech & Schwefel (2004)
Mit Leib und Seele (2006)
Anderswelt (2008)
Traumtanzer (2011)
Unendlich (2014)
Leuchtfeuer (2016)
Artus (2019)
Live albums
Hexenkessel (2003)
Kunststuck (2005)
Sinnfonie (2009)
EPs
Bin Unterwegs (June 2005)
Kein Weg zu weit (February 24 2006)
DVDs
Hexenkessel (2003)
Kunststuck (2005)
Sinnbilder (2008)
Sinnfonie (2009)
Schandfilm (2011)
References
German rock bands
Folk metal bands
Visible spectrum

The visible spectrum (or sometimes called the optical spectrum) is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light.
A typical human eye will react to wavelengths in air from about 380 to 750 nm.
The familiar colors of the rainbow in the spectrum include all those colors that can be produced by visible light of a single wavelength only, the pure spectral or monochromatic colors.
But there are no clear boundaries between one color and the next.
Color display spectrum
Color displays (e.g., computer monitors or televisions) mix red, green, and blue color to approximate the color spectrum. In the illustration, the narrow red, green and blue bars show the relative mixture of these three colors used to produce the color directly above.
References
Optics
Electromagnetism
Light
Citric acid

Citric acid is a weak organic acid. It can be found in citrus fruits. It is used by organisms for Krebs cycle. It acts like a preservative when added to food. It is also used to add a sour (acidic) taste to foods and soft drinks. In the European Union it is known as E 330, as a food additive.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele was the first who could extract citric acid from lemons, in 1782. The substance was probably known to alchemists, perhaps with a different name. The Arabian alchemist Geber is said to have discovered citric acid in the 9th century. Citric Acid contains 6 Carbon atoms, 8 Hydrogen atoms and 7 Oxygen atoms. Its chemical formula is C6H8O7.
Main uses
As a water softener
It is often used in detergents, to avoid the smell of acid, esp. Acetic acid
As a preserving agent
Citric acid and its salts prevent blood clotting. Blood donations are kept liquid using citric acid.
References
Other websites
Citric acid analysis - free spreadsheet for titration of acids and pH calculation
Carboxylic acids
Citrus
Holyland Model of Jerusalem

The Holyland Model of Jerusalem is a model of Old City of Jerusalem from the period of the Second Temple. It was first held in the Holyland Hotel in Jerusalem. It was opened in 1966, together with other models of ancient structure models of Israel. In 2006 the model was moved to a new site in the Israel Museum.
Other websites
Israeli museum website
Temple Mount
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Bognanco

Bognanco is a comune in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Construction

Construction is the process of erection or assembly of any building or infrastructure on a site. In general, there are three types of construction:
Building construction
Heavy/civil construction
Industrial construction
Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property. Industrial construction, though a relatively small part of the entire construction industry, is a very important component.
History
The first buildings were huts and shelters, constructed by hand or with simple tools. As cities grew during the Bronze Age, a class of professional craftsmen appeared. Occasionally, slaves were used for construction work. In the Middle Ages, these were organized into guilds. In the 19th century, steam-powered machinery appeared, and later diesel- and electric powered vehicles such as cranes, excavators and bulldozers.
Modern construction is consistently made of materials such as glass, steel, concrete and bricks. So it is easy to build simple forms like simple cubic forms. The new style of architecture is based on the economic basic principle:
Social economics: The need to build houses results in having too many houses to build and to create fewer special houses. Decorations and ornaments were not important.
Constructive economics: The reduction of needing points and areas allows new possibilities. That results in more free forms with the same work.
Stylistic economics: The houses represent universality and objectivity and they are a product of art.
Related pages
Architecture
Building code
Project management
Civil Engineering
Tin Cup

Tin Cup is a 1996 romantic comedy movie. This movie is about a golf pro. Kevin Costner plays Roy. Rene Russo plays Molly. Cheech Marin plays Romeo. This movie got mixed to positive reviews from the critics. It took in over $75.8 million USD.
References
1996 romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American sports comedy movies
Shinjirō Ehara

is a Japanese actor. He was born in Kyoto, Japan. His career began in 1954.
He is known for his roles in Wolves, Pigs and Men (1964), Blackmail Is My Life (1968), Outlaw:Kill! (1968), Sleepy Eyes of Death 12: Castle Menagerie (1969), Bakumatsu (1970), Under the Flag of the Rising Sun (1972), Kage Gari (1972), Nichiren (1979) and Edo Jo Tairan (1991).
References
Other websites
IMDb Shinjiro Ehara
Living people
1936 births
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese stage actors
People from Kyoto Prefecture
Yuriko Koike

Yuriko Koike (born 15 July 1952) is a Japanese politician and the current governor of Tokyo.
She was born and raised in Ashiya, Hyogo Prefecture. She dropped out of University in Japan, who moved to the Middle East and studied Arabic. She graduated from Cairo University in Egypt, and she began to work an interpreter and translator of Arabic. She worked as a journalist in the 1980s and entered politics in the 1990s.
References
1952 births
Living people
People from Hyogo Prefecture
Governors of Tokyo
Japanese translators
Mohave County, Arizona

Mohave County is in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 213,267. The county seat is Kingman, and largest city is Lake Havasu City.
References
Arizona counties
Menemen massacre

The Menemen Massacre occurred on June 16-17, 1919 in the town of Menemen. It happened during the Greco Turkish war of 1919-1922. Victims were estimated to be between 100 and 1.000.
Background
Menemen was an Ottoman town in which Greeks and Turks lived together. After the Ottomans lost World War I, Greek troops landed at the coastal town of Smyrna. One Greek detachement occpied Menemen. The Turkish nationalist movement began an armed resistance against the Greeks. There was a battle at the town of Bergama after which the Greek troops retreated. They passed along Menemen where a massacre took place against local Turkish civilians. The events were investigated by a Western delegation, they estimated that between 100 and 200 Turks had been killed and 200 wounded
, the Turks themselves claimed 1000 dead. The British reported that the presence of British officers restrained the Greeks in their excesses.
References
1919 in Asia
Massacres in Turkey
Honeylet Avanceña

Cielito "Honeylet" Salvador Avancena (born February 17, 1970) is a Filipina businesswoman. She is best known for being the current partner of former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte. Avancena and Duterte have been in a relationship since at least 1996 and have a daughter named Veronica.
Shortly after the inauguration of his husband as president, Avancena was not named as First Lady. Her step-daughter Sara was proposed to fulfill the role instead who did not accept the offer. Avancena would carry out the roles usually done by the First Lady.
References
2004 births
Living people
First Ladies and First Gentlemen of the Philippines
Filipino journalists
Filipino businesspeople
University of North London

The University of North London was a university in London, England, from 1992 to 2002. It was merged with London Guildhall University to form London Metropolitan University. Its former campus are now the university's north campus, on Holloway Road and Highbury Grove, Islington. In 1996, the university celebrated its centenary year.
Other websites
Internet Archive (University of North London, 17 January 2004)
Universities in London
1896 establishments in England
2002 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2000s disestablishments in England
Containment

The policy of containment was a diplomatic strategy of the United States to prevent the spread of the communism during the Cold War. Economic support should bind countries to the United States. This was a counteraction against the new Soviet sphere of influence.
In March 1947 the US president Harry Truman (1884-1972) announced support for countries which were threatened by military force. This speech is called "Truman Doctrine" nowadays. In detail, he promised support for Greece and Turkey against the Soviet Union.
The most important part of the policy of containment was the "European Recovery Program" (1948), also known as "Marshall Plan", which should boost the European economy after the destruction in the Second World War using--most important--money, successful American economic models, and less European trade barriers.
History of the Soviet Union
20th century in the United States
Calipatria, California

Calipatria is a city in Imperial County, California, United States.
Cities in California
Settlements in Imperial County, California
Oberwald

Oberwald is a village and former municipality of the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Oberwald, Obergesteln and Ulrichen merged into the new municipality of Obergoms.
Villages in Valais
Former municipalities of Valais
Prime Minister of Fiji

The Prime Minister of the Republic of Fiji is the head of government of Fiji. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President. In 2022, Sitiveni Rabuka became the current Prime Minister.
List of prime ministers of Fiji (1970-present)
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=9| Prime ministers of the Dominion of Fiji
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=9| Vacant (14 May 1987 - 5 December 1987)
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=9| Prime ministers of the Republic of Fiji
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=9| Vacant (27 May 2000 - 4 July 2000)
Notes
References
Louis Antoine Jullien

Louis Antoine Jullien (23 April 1812 - 14 March 1860) was a French conductor who was famous for his showmanship.
Life
Early years
Jullien was born in Sisteron, in the French Alps. At his baptism he had 36 godfathers and was given 36 Christian names. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire. He was a good musician, but mostly he enjoyed popular dance music. He conducted a band, but had to leave Paris because he owed people a lot of money.
Career in England
He went to London where he formed a good orchestra. His orchestra played at a series of summer concerts (called Concerts d'ete). Later he conducted a series of winter concerts (Concerts d'hiver). Although he was a good conductor he was a great showman. He would make a big show of putting on his white gloves which were given to him on a silver plate. He used a special baton (conductor's stick) which had jewels in it when he conducted Beethoven. He wore a white waistcoat and enormous wrist bands, and he had a huge moustache and long, black hair. He would throw himself around when conducting and finish by sinking into a velvet chair. The audience loved it, especially when he added military bands to his orchestra. He used to conduct facing the audience. He conducted concerts in the London theatres and parks (promenade concerts).
Jullien's programmes included works by the great composers, e.g. Beethoven and Mozart, but they were always mixed with light music: dances, quadrilles, marches, etc. He often added lots of extra instruments to the great classics, e.g. when he conducted Beethoven's Fifth Symphony he added four ophicleides, a saxophone and side drums.
Jullien travelled to Scotland, Ireland and America with his orchestra. In 1852 he produced an opera, Pietro il grande, at Covent Garden, but it cost a ridiculous amount of money and he was financially ruined.
His final years
Eventually he went back to France where he was arrested and put in prison because of his debts. He died in a lunatic asylum. His wife, to whom he had been happily married, lived on for many years, and their son Louis became a conductor and tried to conduct promenade concerts, but he did not have much success.
His reputation
Jullien's behaviour might seem strange to us today, but he lived at a time when the role of the conductor was becoming very important as orchestras had become much larger than they had been in the 18th century. He gave people who had never heard good classical music the chance to hear the music by the great composers. He had a very big influence on the musical scene in London and people talked about him for many years after his death.
References
Louis Jullien : Musique, Spectacle et Folie au XIXe Siecle by Michel Faul (Atlantica, 2006 ).
The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980;
The Henry Wood Proms, by David Cox, BBC 1980;
Other websites
Site about Louis-Antoine Jullien
1812 births
1860 deaths
French conductors
Verka Serduchka

Andriy Mykhailovych Danylko (; ; born 2 October 1973), better known for his drag stage name Verka Serduchka (; ), is a Ukrainian comedian, actor and pop and dance singer.
Danylko represented Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 and finished in second place.
Interesting Facts
In November 2022, Andriy Danylko put up for auction at Sotheby's the previously purchased Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow 1974, which belonged to Freddie Mercury. On November 5, 2022, the car was sold at an auction for 250,000 pounds (11 million hryvnias). All 100% of the proceeds were directed by Andriy Danylko to the construction of a new modern center for the rehabilitation and prosthetics of Ukrainians injured in the war in the Lviv region.
References
Other websites
Official website
Official video channel on YouTube
1973 births
Drag queens
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Living people
Ukrainian comedians
Ukrainian singers
Ukrainian actors
Pop singers
Folk singers
Knox County, Indiana

Knox County is a county in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of 2010, 38,440 people lived there. The county seat is Vincennes.
References
1790 establishments in the United States
Indiana counties
Eleanor Tomlinson

Eleanor May Tomlinson (born 19 May 1992) is an English actress. She has appeared in movies. In 2013, she played Princess Isabelle in Jack the Giant Slayer. She later acted in the movies Love Wedding Repeat (2020) and Colette (2018).
In The White Queen, Tomlinson played Lady Isabel Neville.
Tomlinson was born in London, England.
References
1992 births
English television actors
English movie actors
Actors from London
Living people
Micheál Martin

Micheal Martin (; born 1 August 1960) is an Irish Fianna Fail politician. He has been the Taoiseach of Ireland since 27 June 2020 and Leader of Fianna Fail since 2011. He was Leader of the Opposition in Ireland from 2011 to 2020, Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2011 and Minister for Health and Children from 2000 to 2004. He has been a Teachta Dala (TD) for Cork South-Central since 1989.
Martin has been a Teachta Dala (TD) for the Cork South-Central constituency since 1989. He was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2011, Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment from 2004 to 2008, Minister for Health and Children from 2000 to 2004, Minister for Education and Science from 1997 to 2000 and Lord Mayor of Cork from 1992 to 1993.
References
Other websites
Micheal Martin's page on the Fianna Fail website
Profile of Martin's tenure as Minister for Health
1960 births
Living people
Current national leaders
Taoisigh of Ireland
Fianna Fail politicians
Hazel (comics)

Hazel was a single panel comic strip by Ted Key that appeared for many years in the last pages of The Saturday Evening Post, beginning in 1943. She was a maid for the well to do Baxter family. In the early 1960s, she was played by Shirley Booth in a television sitcom series with Don Defore, Whitney Blake, and Bobby Buntrock as the Baxters. In 1977, Key received the National Cartoonists Society Newspaper Panel Award for Hazel.
American comic strips
Black-headed grosbeak

The black-headed grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus) is a species of bird. It belongs in the family Cardinalidae. It is a medium-sized, seed-eating bird. It is 18-19 cm long. It weights 35-49 g.
The black-headed grosbeak is a migratory bird. It has nesting grounds from southwestern British Columbia, through the western half of the United States, into central Mexico. It occurs as an introduced species further south in Central America.
Other websites
Pheucticus melanocephalus at The Cornell Lab of Ornithology
Passeri
Birds of North America
Nightmare disorder

Nightmare disorder, also known as "dream anxiety disorder", is a sleep disorder characterized by frequent nightmares. The nightmares, which often portray the individual in a situation that jeopardizes their life or personal safety, usually occur during the second half of the sleeping process, called the REM stage. Though such nightmares occur within many people, those with nightmare disorder experience them with a greater frequency. The disorder's DSM-IV number is 307.47.
In some cases it could be brought on by the content of home life,movies,books and music that you let yourself consume. Most people with nightmare disorder or usually pessimistic or experiencing bad thoughts throughout the day which can be collected in the dream state to create what they witness in their dreams.
Sleep disorders
Adam Kokesh

Adam Charles Kokesh (born February 1, 1982 in San Francisco, California) is an American political activist. He is a decorated veteran of the War in Iraq, Kokesh came to disparage war and advocate nonviolent resistance to power. He is a member of the Libertarian Party. He has called for a "new American revolution" for the "orderly dissolution of the federal government." He was raised in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He now lives in Arizona.
Kokesh announced that he would run for President of the United States under the Libertarian Party ticket in the 2020 United States presidential election.
References
Other websites
Adam Kokesh.com (Kokesh 2020 announcement as of November 2016)
Adam Kokesh on Amazon
The Freedom Line website
1982 births
Living people
American political activists
Military people from New Mexico
American political writers
Politicians from Arizona
Politicians from San Francisco
Politicians from Santa Fe, New Mexico
Writers from San Francisco
Writers from Santa Fe, New Mexico
Writers from Arizona
Libertarian Party (United States) politicians
2020 United States vice-presidential candidates
2020 United States presidential candidates
Businesspeople from San Francisco
Businesspeople from Arizona
Businesspeople from Santa Fe, New Mexico
American YouTubers
Röllbach

Rollbach is a municipality in the Miltenberg district in the Lower Franconia region in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the Administrative Community of Monchberg.
Geography
Place
The municipality is in the Spessart (range), in the Mainviereck ("Main Square") between Klingenberg, Monchberg and Grossheubach.
References
Miltenberg (district)
Languages of Australia

Australia has no official language, but the national language of Australia is English. There are also many languages spoken by Indigenous Australians and by different ethnic groups.
English
The English language was spoken by the British colonists who came to Australia in the 18th and the 19th centuries. It was used in the colonies they started. Most people who live in Australia today speak English. In 2016, 72.7 percent of people living in Australia only spoke English at home. A dialect of English is spoken in Australia, called Australian English.
Indigenous languages
Indigenous Australians have been living in Australia for at least 50,000 years. There are around 290 to 363 Indigenous languages. They are from around 28 language families and language isolates. Many of these languages are not spoken any more or by many people because of the use of English. The largest language family is the Pama-Nyungan family, which has 248 languages.
Three Indigenous languages are spoken in the Torres Strait Islands. These languages are Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Meriam Mir and Yumplatok, a creole of Pacific English. Yumplatok is spoken on the islands more than the other languages.
Migrant languages
Many different languages are spoken by communities of migrants in Australia. In 2016, 22.2 percent of people living in Australia spoke a language other than English at home. In the same year, these were the 10 most spoken languages other than English at home:
In 2011, the most common languages spoken at home other than English were:
Most spoken languages by state (2016)
Below is a series of tables showing the top 5 most spoken languages at home, as well as the percent of the population that speaks only English at home.
Australian Capital Territory
New South Wales
Northern Territory
Queensland
South Australia
Tasmania
Victoria
Western Australia
References
Australia
Australia
Starvation

Starvation happens when a living being (like a person or an animal) doesn't eat enough food to live properly. If a living thing is starving for a long period of time, it dies.
Starvation can be seen as an extreme version of hunger. During starvation, the body will slowly but surely become less fat and stop working properly, until the living being dies or eats enough again to stop starving.
There are other effects of starvation. These can include:
Tiredness,
problems with thinking properly,
sudden and extreme changes to emotions,
dehydration (lack of water in the body),
vomiting,
loss of muscles,
a swollen stomach caused by kwashiorkor,
weakness and not being able to stand.
When the body is starving, the body will start eating itself in a final attempt to survive. When there are no muscles and fat left to eat, the person (or animal) dies. People who eat nothing usually die in a few months.
Even when a starving person eats again, they may have permanent damage to their body.
Some people intentionally starve themselves to lose weight, but this is considered a bad idea because it may damage the body.
In history, countries used to use starvation as a form of the death penalty.
In 1944 Ancel Keys started a scientific experiment about starvation to see the impact of starvation on people and to see how people could best recover from starvation. The participants were all men. They ate 1800 calories a day.
Related pages
Hunger
Global Hunger Index
Malnutrition
Anorexia nervosa
References
Hunger
Keokuk County, Iowa

Keokuk County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2020 census, 10,033 people lived there. The county seat is Sigourney.
References
1843 establishments in Iowa Territory
Iowa counties
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon) was a 1907 cubist painting by Picasso. It represents five women in a brothel. It took him nine months to paint it. Picasso gave up all attempts at traditional painting in this early cubist painting. He distorted the female figures in a way that showed the influence of African art. When the painting was shown in his studio to a group of painters and critics, they were outraged. Henri Matisse called it a hoax and an attempt to paint the fourth dimension, The art critic Andre Salmon wrote: "It was the ugliness of the faces that froze with horror the half-converted". Another painter, Andre Derain, wrote: "One day we shall find Pablo has hanged himself behind his great canvas". It has been called one of the most significant paintings of the 20th century. The two figures on the right are shown with African mask-like features, an interest of Picasso at the time.
References
Other websites
Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907; YouTube
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon; Washington University Digital Archive
Works about prostitution
1900s paintings
Antimony pentachloride

Antimony pentachloride, also known as antimony(V) chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbCl5. It has antimony and chloride ions in it. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state.
Properties
Antimony pentachloride is a colorless or yellow liquid. It releases toxic and odorous (bad odor) fumes in air. It melts at 2.8degC and boils at 140degC. It reacts with water to make antimony pentoxide and hydrochloric acid. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid. It dissolves in chloroform. It absorbs water to form a solid hydrate. It is a strong oxidizing agent.
Preparation
It is made by reacting liquid antimony trichloride with chlorine.
Uses
It is used in a test for caesium. It is also used in the making of chemicals and dyes.
Related pages
Antimony pentafluoride
Antimony trifluoride
Bismuth pentafluoride
Antimony compounds
Chlorine compounds
Blue Valentine (movie)

Blue Valentine is a 2010 movie. It is a romantic drama starring Michelle Williams and Ryan Gosling. The original rating of this movie was NC-17, but the rating was successfully appealed to an R rating. The movie is about a married couple who are shifting back and forth, along with their eventual divorce.
2010 romantic drama movies
2010s English-language movies
American independent movies
Drake

Drake may mean:
People
Drake (musician), Canadian recording artist and actor
Places
Drake Passage between Cape Horn and Antarctica
Other uses
A male duck
Drake is a word used to describe (particular types of) dragon or similar creatures.
Drake equation
Drake, Caldari battlecruiser in the video game EVE Online
In J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth pseudo-mythology, "drake" (and "worm") is a word for dragon
Phosphorus acid

There are several phosphorus acids. They are acids that have phosphorus in them. Three of them are common.
Hypophosphorous acid, phosphorus in oxidation state of +1, salts are called hypophosphites, reducing agent
Phosphorous acid, phosphorus in oxidation state of +3, salts are called phosphites, reducing agent
Phosphoric acid, most common, phosphorus in oxidation state of +5, salts are called phosphates
Habenaria mossii

Habenaria mossii is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is naturally found in South Africa. Its natural habitat is mild grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Source
Pfab, M.F. & Victor, J. 2003. Habenaria mossii. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 August 2007.
Orchids
Ras Baraka

Ras Jua Baraka (born April 9, 1970) is an American politician. He is the 40th and current Mayor of Newark, New Jersey. He was a member of the Municipal Council of Newark.
His father was poet Amiri Baraka.
References
1970 births
Living people
Mayors of Newark, New Jersey
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
Harry Lewis (actor)

Harry L. Lewis (April 1, 1920 - June 9, 2013) was an American actor and restaurateur. He was best known for his role in Key Largo. He was also the co-founder of the "Hamburger Hamlet" restaurant chain. He was born in Los Angeles, California.
Lewis died from natural causes on June 9, 2013 in Beverly Hills, California. He was 93 years old. He was outlived by his wife, Marilyn Friedman.
References
Other websites
1920 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Restaurateurs
Gans, Gironde

Gans, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Boyeux-Saint-Jérôme

Boyeux-Saint-Jerome is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Communes in Ain
Marco Buschmann

Marco Buschmann (born 1 August 1977) is a German lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). He has been the Federal Minister of Justice in Chancellor Olaf Scholz's cabinet since 2021. He has been a member of the Bundestag from 2009 to 2013 and again since 2017.
References
1977 births
Living people
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
German lawyers
Robert C. Jones

Robert Clifford Jones (March 30, 1936 - February 1, 2021) was an American movie editor, screenwriter, and educator. He won an Academy Award for the screenplay of the movie Coming Home (1978). He was also known for working with Arthur Hiller and Hal Ashby.
Jones was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), and Bound for Glory (1976).
Jones died on February 1, 2021, at his home in Los Angeles. He was 84, and suffered from Lewy body dementia.
References
1936 births
2021 deaths
Academy Award winning writers
Deaths from dementia with Lewy bodies
American editors
Educators from Los Angeles
Screenwriters from Los Angeles