pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Justin Roberts

Justin Jason Roberts (born December 29, 1979) is an American ring announcer. He is best known for his time with the WWE.
Career
Roberts began watching wrestling, after he saw Saturday Night's Main Event and met Kerry Von Erich and The Ultimate Warrior at a hotel in Wisconsin. The combined events made Roberts become a fan of professional wrestling. He also trained for a short time as a referee so he could be in the same ring as Curt Hennig, because he was a fan of him.
Roberts began ring announcing at age 16 for local professional wrestling promotion Pro Wrestling International, and announced his first match in November 1996. While studying Media Arts and Communications at the University of Arizona from 1998 to 2002, Roberts worked for other independent promotions such as the American Wrestling Alliance, All Pro Wrestling, and Impact Zone Wrestling. During this time, he also announced for the Toughman Contest.
World Wrestling Entertainment
In 2002, Roberts was hired by World Wrestling Entertainment as a backup announcer for SmackDown, and then by moving to the Raw brand. He also worked on Velocity and Heat shows while touring as the full time Raw live event announcer. Also, Roberts announced the ECW show each week on the Sci Fi Network until September 2007, before swapping with SmackDown's Tony Chimel. Roberts was the most well known in his career when he announced the main event of WrestleMania XXIV between Edge and The Undertaker on March 30, 2008. Also announcing SmackDown and pay-per-view matches, Roberts would also announce on WWE Superstars, including its first episode on April 16, 2009.
Beginning on September 28, 2009, Roberts took over the Raw announcing job from Lilian Garcia.
On October 13, 2014, WWE decided not to renew his contract.
References
Other websites
Official website
WWE profile
1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Chicago
People from Scottsdale, Arizona
WWE people
Sportspeople from Arizona
English National Opera

English National Opera (ENO) is an opera company based in London, England. The opera house where it performs is called the London Coliseum. It is in St. Martin's Lane, very near Trafalgar Square. It is one of the two big opera companies in London. The other big one is the Royal Opera (ROH), Covent Garden. The English National Opera is different because the operas there are always sung in English. The ticket prices are not quite as high as at the ROH.
History
The beginnings of the ENO go back to 1898 when Lilian Baylis gave a series of opera concerts at the Old Vic theatre. About ten years later she started a theatre company there. She put on Shakespeare's plays in a shortened form. She added a small group of dancers to the company. The Sadler's Wells Theatre opened, and the company were called the Vic-Wells Opera Company. The dancers later separated from Vic-Wells and became the Royal Ballet.
The company toured while the theatre was closed during the Second World War. At the end of the war it came back and was called Sadler's Wells Opera Company, and the theatre opened again with a performance of Benjamin Britten's Peter Grimes. It was the first English opera since the time of Purcell to become internationally famous.
In 1968 Sadler's Wells Opera moved from Sadler's Wells Theatre to the London Coliseum. Six years later the company was renamed English National Opera.
Since then the ENO has put on many great opera productions. For many years the general director was Peter Jonas, the artistic director was David Poutney and the conductor (musical director) was Mark Elder.
In 2004 many improvements were made to the building. While the building was going on the ENO performed in the Barbican Centre.
Although ENO performs all operas in English, in 2005 it introduced surtitles at the Coliseum. This makes it easier for the audience to understand the words being sung.
In 2007 the conductor Edward Gardner became music director of ENO.
Music directors
Lawrance Collingwood (Chief Conductor, 1931-1941, Music Director 1941-1946)
James Robertson (1946-1954)
Alexander Gibson (1957-1959)
Colin Davis (1961-1965)
Mario Bernardi (1966-1968) and Bryan Balkwill (1966-1969), co-Music Directors
Sir Charles Mackerras (1970-1977)
Sir Charles Groves (1978-1979)
Mark Elder (1979-1993)
Sian Edwards (1993-1997)
Paul Daniel (1997-2005)
Edward Gardner (2007-present)
Other websites
ENO website
ENO history
1900s establishments in England
Gilbert and Sullivan
Opera companies
Organisations based in London
Jewell, California

Jewell (formerly Jewells) is an unincorporated community in Marin County, California. It is 24 meters above sea level.
Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Pig in a poke

Pig in a poke is an English idiom which means a kind of deceptive trick. It is a blind bargain.
The phrase is about something which is offered for sale in a manner which hides its true value. The idiom means a purchase which turns out not to be what the seller claimed it was.
History
The term "pig in a poke" was first used in the Middle Ages. At this time, it was common to sell meat or small animals in cloth bags or sacks called a "poke".
Sometimes people simply bought the "poke" without looking inside; and sometimes people who thought they were buying pork or a small pig were surprised to find they had been sold something else.
The idiom pig in a poke is about what happens when someone does not look to see what is being bought or sold.
Meaning
The idiom "pig in a poke" is used to describe something which is purchased without the buyer being aware of its true nature or value.
The phrase can also be applied to accepting an idea or plan without a full understanding of it. In other words, it is about starting a course of action without knowing the relevant facts.
Many other European languages have a version of this phrase, but many are translated as a warning not to buy a cat in a bag. -
References
Idioms
Deception
Vortex Engineering

Vortex Engineering is the pioneer in low-power ATMs and is an India-based technology company incubated by IIT-Madras. Vortex manufactures self-service transaction systems (such as ATMs) for banks, independent ATM operators, and other financial institutions. Vortex also has its own tailor-made ATM Monitoring & Management Solution called Perfo.
Vortex's Global Market
Vortex ATMs have a global reach of up to 22 countries in Asia & Africa combined. As of March 2023, DR Congo, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Egypt, Ghana, Mauritania, Nigeria, R Wanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia from Africa and Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam from Asia are in its scope of business.
No. of Employees at Vortex
Vortex operates with 289 employees as of March 2023 (Corporate Office & Manufacturing Unit Combined). Employee count breakup is as follows: 46 working in the manufacturing facility in Chennai, 78 working in the corporate office at IIT-MRP, mainly in R&D, S/W & Finance functions, 120 working as field service engineers across India, and 45 working in sales and other field staff.
History
Incorporated on the 12th of March, 2001, Vortex Engineering is an innovative and leading provider of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and multi-vendor ATM management software products. Founded by Mr Kannan Laxminarayan, an alumnus of the IIT-Madras. Later the company was incubated by IIT-Madras.
In March 2009, when Vortex Engineering secured a seed capital infusion of Rs. 50 lakhs from the esteemed Aavishkaar Group. This injection of funds catalyzed the company's expansion and enabled it to further refine its products and services.
Major investors that includes reputable entities such as Aavishkaar, Tata Capital, Bamboo Capital, and IFC. Their first pilot deployment was for disbursal of NREGA wages through their ATMs in Tamil Nadu, in association with IIT Madras in 2008.
They made their first major break through with the winning of an order for 545 ATMs including 300 solar powered ATMs from the State Bank of India. Vortex ATMs are now currently used in almost all states of India. The total ATMs deployed across the globe had reached over 8000.
References
Engineering companies of India
Billy Joe Walker Jr.

Billy Joe Walker Jr. (February 29, 1952 - July 25, 2017) was an American songwriter, record producer and recording artist. He made singles for Eddie Rabbitt, including "I Wanna Dance with You", "That's Why I Fell in Love with You" and "B-B-B-Burnin' Up with Love". He was born in Midland, Texas.
Walker Jr. produced the first three albums of Bryan White, and for Pam Tillis, Collin Raye and Travis Tritt. He was also a session musician who played guitar. Between 1987 and 1994, he recorded seven New Age albums, all for major labels.
Walker Jr. died following kidney failure on July 25, 2017 in Kerrville, Texas at the age of 64.
References
Other websites
1952 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Texas
American singer-songwriters
Writers from Texas
Singers from Texas
People from Midland, Texas
Saint-Marcel-en-Marcillat

Saint-Marcel-en-Marcillat is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Chasseur (sauce)

Sauce chasseur, sometimes called "hunter's sauce", is a simple or compound brown sauce used in French cuisine. It is usually made using demi-glace or an espagnole sauce as a base, and often includes mushrooms and shallots. It may also include tomatoes and a finishing of fines herbes. Today, a simplified version of the sauce is produced industrially. This is what most people will associate with 'sauce chasseur'.
History
Chasseur is named after the French word for "hunter", hinting at the traditional pairings of mushrooms with venison, rabbit, wild fowl, and other game meats. Traditionally, while returning from the hunt, the hunters picked the mushrooms they would use to prepare the game meat.
Chasseur is thought to have been invented by Philippe de Mornay, who is also said to have invented Mornay sauce, Bechamel, sauce Lyonnaise and sauce Porto.
References
Sauces
Ryosuke Kijima

Ryosuke Kijima (born 29 May 1979) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Roasso Kumamoto.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998||Yokohama Marinos||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="4"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||2||0||2||0||0||0||4||0
|-
|2000||5||0||3||1||0||0||8||1
|-
|2001||20||0||1||0||7||0||28||0
|-
|2002||3||0||0||0||5||1||8||1
|-
|2002||rowspan="4"|Oita Trinita||J. League 2||15||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||4||0||1||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2004||18||3||1||0||2||1||21||4
|-
|2005||10||0||1||0||4||0||15||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Roasso Kumamoto||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||29||7||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||7
|-
|2009||45||10||1||0||colspan="2"|-||46||10
|-
|2010||Machida Zelvia||Football League||||||||||||||||
153||20||12||1||18||2||183||23
153||20||12||1||18||2||183||23
|}
References
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Chiba Prefecture
Kamatamare Sanuki players
Lahore Stadium

Lahore Stadium is a cricket stadium in Lahore, Pakistan and the home ground of Lahore Qalandars. It is owned by the Pakistan Cricket Board. With a capacity of 27,000, it is the fourth largest cricket stadium of Pakistan.
References
Stadiums in Asia
Buildings and structures in Lahore
Tao Hong

Tao Hong (; born January 15, 1972) is a Chinese actress and former synchronized swimmer. She was born in Wuxi, became a champion of the National Games of China, and got married with Xu Zheng in 2001.
Other websites
1972 births
Living people
Chinese sportspeople
Chinese movie actors
Swimmers
South Sudan

South Sudan is a country in East Africa. Its official name is the Republic of South Sudan. It was part of Sudan until 2011. A civil war began in 2013.
The landlocked country is bordered by Ethiopia to the east; Kenya to the southeast; Uganda to the south; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southwest; the Central African Republic to the west; and the Republic of Sudan to the north. South Sudan includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd formed by the White Nile, locally called the Bahr al Jabal.
History
What is now South Sudan was once part of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. This part of the British Empire became the Republic of Sudan when independence was achieved in 1956. After the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon developed and ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. Later that year, the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan was formed. South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011 at midnight local time, after a referendum held in January 2011. In the referendum, nearly 99% of voters wanted to separate from the rest of Sudan.
The United Nations Security Council met on 13 July 2011 to formally discuss membership for the Republic of South Sudan. The next day, 14 July 2011, South Sudan became a United Nations member state. South Sudan has also applied to join the Commonwealth of Nations, the East African Community, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. The country was declared eligible to apply for membership in the Arab League as well.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, one athlete from South Sudan competed under the flag of the International Olympic Committee. In 2013 a civil war broke out.
Geography
Its capital is Juba. Between eight and twelve million people live there. Over 200 languages are spoken, but the official language is English. Arabic is also spoken by many people.
The main religion is Christianity, practised by nearly 78% of the population. Another 20% practise African traditional religions, and just 2% are Muslim.
Much of South Sudan's economy is based on oil, but they also have a large lumber industry mainly consisting of teak. It is a very poor and under-developed country. There is very little infrastructure, and the civil wars have caused a lot of damage.
References
Notes
Sudan
2011 establishments
Least developed countries
2010s establishments in Africa
English-speaking countries
275 BC

Year 275 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.
Events
By place
Egypt
The Museum of Alexandria is founded by the Egyptian King Ptolemy II.
Roman Republic
When Pyrrhus returns from Sicily, he finds himself greatly outnumbered by the Roman army under the command of consul Manius Curius Dentatus. After the Battle of Beneventum, Roman commander and statesman, Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, gets a peace with Pyrrhus. Then Pyrrhus decides to end his battles in Italy and return to Epirus.
Sicily
After Pyrrhus leaves Sicily, the Syracusan army and the city's citizens make Hiero II as the commander of their troops.
Greece
Antiochus's alliance with Antigonus II is made stronger by Antigonus' marriage to Phila, Antiochus' half sister.
Births
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Roman dictator, politician and soldier (approximate date) (d. 203 BC)
Deaths
Shen Dao, Chinese philosopher from Zhao who also served at the Jixia academy in Qi. He is known for his blend of Legalism and Taoism (approximate date) (b. c. 350 BC)
270s BC
Piedras Negras, Coahuila

Piedras Negras (), is a city and capital of the municipality of the same name in the state of Coahuila de Zaragoza, Mexico, it is located in the most northeastern part of the state and has a metropolitan population of 245,155 inhabitants and borders with the texan city of Eagle Pass and is connected to it through three international bridges.
History
It was founded by 34 men who would settle on the western side of the Rio Grande on June 15, 1850 as Nueva Villa de Herrera, due to the establishment of Fort Duncan on the US side. in 1880 coal reserves would be discovered and then a railway would be built between 1881 and 83 and on December 1, 1888 it would be elevated to the rank of city and would be renamed Ciudad Porfirio Diaz although after the fall of Diaz in 1911 it would be renamed to his name original.
It would suffer a flood on April 26, 2004 where 31 people would die, and on April 24, 2007 it would be affected by an F4 Tornado where three people would die while seven people would die in Eagle Pass, and between June 14 and 15, 2013, 10,000 houses would flooded due to the rise of the river, where there would only be one fatality.
Events
On October 21 of each year, International Nacho Day is celebrated where a three-day Nacho Fest is celebrated in the United States and Mexico since the 90s where in 1940 Ignacio "Nacho" Anaya Garcia invented the nacho at the Victory Club restaurant In this city.
The Annual Bike Fest is also celebrated where for three consecutive days there are concerts, food sales, acrobatic shows, etc. where it ends with a raffle for a new motorcycle.
Natural resources
This region generates a large amount of the national production of coal, one of the most economically important non-metallic minerals in the state.
Climate
Sister cities
Sandy, Utah, United States
Monterrey, Mexico
References
Notes
Other websites
Municipio de Piedras Negras Official website]
Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005 INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica
Asociacion de Agentes Aduanales de Piedras Negras
Cities in Mexico
1850 establishments
19th-century establishments in Mexico
Settlements in Coahuila
Imperial Russian Navy

The Imperial Russian Navy (in Russian: Rossiiskii imperatorskii flot) was the navy of the Russian Empire (and its predecessor: Tsardom of Russia), from 1696 until the start of the Russian Revolution in 1917.
History
It was founded by Tsar Peter the Great. This was due to the fact that Russia did not have naval forces and the inexperience of its inhabitants in naval architecture, after a visit to Amsterdam, Tsar Peter would learn naval construction in detail, the first ship would be the Frigate Oryol (Eagle in English), after the victory against the Ottomans in Azov, the Black Sea Fleet would be created, over time the Fleet would grow. In 1740 the Baltic Fleet based in St. Petersburg would be founded after several victories against the Swedish Fleet. This was during the Russo-Turkish Wars the Black Sea Fleet would be the main fleet against the Ottoman Influence in this Sea. Near the end of the 1700s, the Caspian, White Sea and Okhotsk Flotillas would be created.
Battles
The Russians would also make Circumnavigation trips, from the Pacific Coast of Russia to the north of the Hawaiian Islands, They would participate in the Napoleonic Wars against the Ottoman Navy, During the Crimean War, they would suffer a serious defeat against the Ottoman Empire, Great Britain, France and Sardinia, then over time the fleet would increase in naval size becoming one of the largest existing fleets, During the War Against Japan, they would suffer a serious defeat which would make Russia look like a less strong country From what it appeared to be, the fleet would finally be dissolved after the Russian Revolution where it would be succeeded by the Soviet Navy in 1920.
References
Other websites
Russian Submarine forces history
History of the Russian Navy
Web site focusing on submarine history and the works of Irish-American inventor, John Philip Holland and his company which was known as The Holland Torpedo Boat Company. See Fulton and look under Russian submarines (Som Class) Type 7-P.
Russian submarine history can be located on this site.
Disbanded navies
1690s establishments in Europe
1917 disestablishments
1910s disestablishments in Europe
Disestablishments in Russia
Russian military organizations
Many Rivers to Cross

"Many Rivers to Cross" is a 1969 song by Jamaican singer Jimmy Cliff and was taken from his self-titled album Jimmy Cliff and was used in the 1972 movie The Harder They Come. It went on to be covered by numerous artists including UB40 in 1983, Cher in 1993 and Annie Lennox in 2008.
References
1969 songs
Jimmy Cliff songs
Harry Nilsson songs
Joe Cocker songs
UB40 songs
Marcia Hines songs
Cher songs
Annie Lennox songs
Bryan Adams songs
Percy Sledge songs
The Brand New Heavies songs
The Walker Brothers songs
Eric Burdon songs
Jimmy Barnes songs
Reggae songs
Rizal Monument (Calamba)

The Rizal Monument in Calamba is a monument built to commemorate the national hero of the Philippines, Jose Rizal was born in the city of Calamba, It is a 6.7 metres (22 ft) statue sculpted by Jonas Roces and is located at The Plaza, a 6.7-hectare (17-acre).
The monument is located vicinity in the front of Jose Rizal Coliseum and the Calamba City Hall. Both landmarks where located in "The Plaza of Calamba".
References
Monuments and memorials
Small-cell carcinoma

Small-cell carcinoma (also known as "small-cell lung cancer", or "oat-cell carcinoma") is a type of highly malignant cancer that most commonly arises within the lung, although it can occasionally arise in other body sites, such as the cervix, prostate, and gastrointestinal tract. Small cell carcinoma has a shorter doubling time, higher growth fraction, and earlier development of metastases compared to a non-small cell carcinoma.
References
Cancer
Hattencourt

Hattencourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Tay-Sachs disease

Tay-Sachs disease (also called Tray-Sachs syndrome) is a disease that causes problems with the metabolism of fat. Tay-Sachs is caused by a lack of the enzyme Hexosaminidase A.
Tay-Sachs is a genetic disease. It happens when Chromosome 15 has a genetic problem. The problem is caused by a defective HEXA gene. It is recessive, which means both parents must give the baby the defective gene for the baby to have Tay-Sachs. One in every twenty seven Jewish American has one defective gene and can give Tay-Sachs the defective gene to their child. The disease is very rare. It is most common in Jewish families. There is a blood test to see if a person has the Tay Sachs gene. This blood test has helped reduce the number of babies born with Tay-Sachs. In the 1800's, there were 60 new cases and in the 21st century there were 5.
Infants with the Tay-Sachs gene from both parents usually die of pneumonia or other infections during their first four years of life. Some symptoms include: lack of energy, loss of vision and motor skills (paralyzation), and seizures. Tay-Sachs disease is usually first noticed in infants around six months old. They show an abnormally strong response to sudden noises or other stimulus. This is called the "startle response". The child may also be listlessness or have muscle stiffness (hypertonia). The disease is classified into several forms, which are based on the age when the neurological symptoms began. There is no known treatment for this disease.
The disease is named after Warren Tay and Bernard Sachs who first described the disease in the late 19th century. After the discovery, he noticed a red spot on the retina of a one year old child. The child was experiencing the same symptoms of the disease. Bernard Sachs was a neurologist from the United States. He was the first person to describe the cellular changes from the disease. In 1969, researchers discovered that Tay-Sachs is caused by a lack of the enzyme Hexosaminidase A.
References
Genetic disorders
Rupert's Land

Rupert's Land is a historical territory. Most of it is in Canada today, but some is in the United States. Originally, the Hudson's Bay Company owned it. It is named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine. who was the first head of the company. Charles II of England issued the lease, which gave the company a monoply over all fur trading along the rivers of the territory. In 1821, the company united with the North West Company from Montreal. North-Western Territory was added to the sphere of influence of the company. In 1869, the company sold its rights to both territories to the Canadian Dominion, which was the predecessor of modern-day Canada. In 1870, the Manitoba Act created the Canadian province Manitoba. Rupert's land was split: Parts of it were added to Saskatchewan, Alberta, Ontario and Quebec. In 1818, the border between Canada and the US was defined along the 49th latitude. This means that part of Rupert's land today make up the states Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana and South Dakota. In addition, Rupert's land is an ecclesiastical province of the Anglican Church of Canada. It is also the name of an Anglican diocese in Manitoba.
Historical territories of Canada
Former colonies in North America
Jayton, Texas

Jayton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Kinmundy, Illinois

Kinmundy is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
119 (number)

119 (One hundred [and] nineteen) is the natural number that comes after 118 and comes before 120. In Roman numerals, it is CXIX.
Mathematics
119 is the sum of five primes in a row (17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31). It is a highly cototient number.
119 is the order of the largest cyclic subgroups of the Monster group.
Telephony
1-1-9 is the emergency telephone number in some countries.
A number to report children / youth at risk in France
References
19E02 119
Missy-lès-Pierrepont

Missy-les-Pierrepont is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Maaz ibn Jabal

Muaz ibn Jabal () (603 - 639) was one of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. He belonged to the tribe of Banu Khazraj. He accepted Islam before the Second pledge at al-Aqabah. He was known as the one with a lot of knowledge. He was called by Prophet Muhammad, "the one who will lead the scholars into Paradise". Prophet Muhammad sent Muaz to Yemen to teach its people about Islam. He also helped in collecting the Quran in written form.
References
Sahaba
People from Medina
Jack Fellure

Lowell Jackson "Jack" Fellure (born October 3, 1931) is an American perennial political candidate and retired engineer.
He was the presidential nominee of the Prohibition Party for the 2012 presidential election. He also tried to run for president in 2016 as a Repubican.
References
Other websites
Unofficial Campaign website (archived)
FEC filing
2020 United States presidential candidates
2016 United States presidential candidates
2012 United States presidential candidates
1992 United States presidential candidates
1931 births
Living people
American electrical engineers
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from West Virginia
Petersburg, Virginia

Petersburg is a city in Virginia in the United States. It is on the Appomattox River. The city's population was 32,420 as of 2010.
Part of Petersburg National Battlefield Park is in the city.
The area has three schools of higher education:
John Tyler Community College
Richard Bland College
Virginia State University
References
Cities in Virginia
1750s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Bucine

Bucine is a comune in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Settlements in Tuscany
Asquins

Asquins is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
1036

Events
Emperor Go-Suzaku ascends the throne of Japan.
Edward the Confessor's younger brother Alfred Aetheling is blinded and murdered in an apparent attempt to seize the throne of England from Harold I.
First appearance of the Flower Sermon in Buddhist literature
Deaths
c. February 5 - Alfred Aetheling, Anglo-Saxon prince
May 15 -- Emperor Go-Ichijo of Japan (b. 1008)
June 12 -- Tedald, Bishop of Arezzo
June 13 -- Ali Az-Zahir, caliph
date unknown - Sweyn Knutsson, son of Canute the Great
Allen Jenkins

Allen Curtis Jenkins (born Alfred McGonegal; April 9, 1900 - July 20, 1974) was an American character actor and singer who worked on stage, film, and television. Jenkins was born in Staten Island, New York on April 9, 1900. He studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. In his first stage appearance, he danced next to James Cagney in a chorus line for an off-Broadway musical called Pitter-Patter, earning five dollars a week.
Other websites
1900 births
1974 deaths
Actors from Staten Island
Cumin

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) sometimes spelled cummin is a flowering plant, native from the east Mediterranean to East India. Its seeds are used in the cuisines of many different cultures. The use of cumin is very common in Indian and Pakistani foods.
Apiaceae
Spices
Villar-Saint-Anselme

Villar-Saint-Anselme is a commune of 121 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Antonio Nirta

Antonio Nirta (22 April 1919 - 1 September 2015) was an Italian criminal. He was the boss of the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type organization in Calabria. He was born in San Luca, and, together with his brothers Giuseppe, Francesco and Sebastiano, ruled the comune.
Nirta died on 1 September 2015 in Benestare, Province of Reggio Calabria. He was 96.
References
1919 births
2015 deaths
Italian mobsters
People from Calabria
Chae Yeon

Chae-yeon Lee (Korean: icaeyeon; born December 10, 1978), is a Korean pop singer.
References
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor

Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (born London, 15 August 1875; died Croydon, 1 September 1912) was an English composer.
Coleridge-Taylor died in Holborn, London. His black father was a doctor from Sierra Leone, his mother was English. His parents were not married. The father went back to Africa by February 1875. He had the job of coroner for the British Empire in the Gambia in the late 1890s. He did not know anything about his son's existence.
Life
Coleridge-Taylor was brought up in Croydon . He studied the violin at the Royal College of Music and composition with Charles Villiers Stanford. In 1899 he married Jessie Walmisley who had been a student with him at the RCM. Her parents did not want her to be married to someone of mixed race. The couple had a son, Hiawatha (1900-1980) and a daughter, Avril, born Gwendolyn (1903-1998).
Soon Coleridge-Taylor became known as a composer. Edward Elgar helped him get one of his pieces performed at the Three Choirs Festival. Two months later Stanford conducted the cantata Hiawatha's Wedding Feast, the piece for which he is best remembered. He toured the United States in 1904. This made him even more interested in finding out about his racial heritage. He wanted to do for African music what Johannes Brahms had done for Hungarian music and Antonin Dvorak for Bohemian music. He had met the American poet Paul Laurence Dunbar in London and set some of his poems to music. Several people encouraged him to learn more about his heritage.
Coleridge-Taylor was a shy man, but he was a very good conductor. He was often asked to adjudicate at music festivals.
Coleridge-Taylor was 37 when he died of pneumonia. His widow hardly had any money, but King George V gave her a pension of GBPS100, which shows how popular Coleridge-Taylor had been as a composer. A memorial concert was held later in 1912 at the Royal Albert Hall and gathered PS300.
Coleridge-Taylor's works were often performed by Sir Malcolm Sargent who conducted ten seasons of a costumed ballet version of Hiawatha at the Royal Albert Hall between 1928 and 1939 with the Royal Choral Society (600 to 800 singers) and 200 dancers.
His music
Coleridge-Taylor's best-known work is his cantata Hiawatha's Wedding-feast, which was performed very often by choral groups in England during his lifetime and for many years after his death. He wrote several other pieces about Hiawatha: The Death of Minnehaha, Overture to The Song of Hiawatha and Hiawatha's Departure.
He also wrote a lot of chamber music, anthems and other works. The orchestral piece Petite Suite de Concert used to be very popular, but its Romanticism sounds a little old-fashioned now.
References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed Stanley Sadie;
1875 births
1912 deaths
20th-century English composers
Romantic composers
Dakota Blue Richards

Dakota Blue Richards (born 11 April 1994) is an English actress. She acts in movies and television. She played Lyra Belacqua in the 2007 fantasy movie The Golden Compass.
Richards was born in London, England.
References
Actors from London
1994 births
Living people
Martin Romualdez

Ferdinand Martin Gomez Romualdez (, born November 14, 1963) is a Filipino businessman, lawyer, and politician. He is the House Majority Leader since 2019.
References
1963 births
Living people
Majority leaders of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
Daisuke Sudo

Daisuke Sudo (born 25 April 1977) is a Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||24||2||1||0||1||1||26||3
|-
|2001||43||10||3||1||2||0||48||11
|-
|2002||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 2||22||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||22||5
|-
|2003||rowspan="5"|Ventforet Kofu||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||36||7||3||2||colspan="2"|-||39||9
|-
|2004||24||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||25||3
|-
|2005||28||8||2||0||colspan="2"|-||30||8
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||15||1||3||3||3||0||21||4
|-
|2007||23||4||0||0||8||6||31||10
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||5||0||0||0||3||0||8||0
|-
|2009||2||1||0||0||0||0||2||1
222||41||13||6||17||7||252||54
222||41||13||6||17||7||252||54
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Ward Cunningham

Howard G. "Ward" Cunningham (born May 26, 1949) is an American computer programmer. He started the first wiki website on March 25, 1995, and is considered the inventor of that software. He currently lives in Beaverton, Oregon.
Ward Cunningham got a Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and computer science from Purdue University, and then got his master's degree in computer science from there as well. he has worked for Tektronix Computer Research Laboratory, the Eclipse Foundation, and Microsoft, among other places. In 2009, he joined AboutUs, an editable guide to websites.
Other websites
WikiWikiWeb, the first wiki hosted at c2.com
Ward's personal pages on c2.com
1949 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Scientists from Oregon
Scientists from Indiana
People from Michigan City, Indiana
Arturo Rivera

Arturo Rivera (15 April 1945 - 29 October 2020) was a Mexican painter. He was born in Mexico City. Many of his artwork were seen in Chicago, New York City, Paris and Mexico City.
The Museo de Arte Contemporaneo de Monterrey (MARCO) held a solo exhibition featuring 15 years of Rivera's work in 1997. Then in 2003, the MARCO bestowed upon Rivera recognition as a master of Mexican 20th century art.
Rivera died on 29 October 2020 from a cerebral hemorrhage in Mexico City, aged 75.
References
1945 births
2020 deaths
Mexican painters
People from Mexico City
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Habsburg, Switzerland

Habsburg is a municipality of the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
It is the ancestral place of the House of Habsburg.
References
Other websites
Municipality of Habsburg
Municipalities of Aargau
Malmö

Malmo (, ) is the third largest city in Sweden. About 333,633 people lived there in 2017. It is in the south west part of Sweden, by the sea. The Oresund bridge goes from Malmo to Copenhagen. In the 15th century, Malmo was one of Denmark's largest cities.
Malmo has the biggest Middle Eastern community in Sweden. It is warm in the summer. In winter it is not quite as cold as in other parts of Sweden.
Twin Cities
Newcastle upon Tyne (UK)
References
Other websites
Company limited by guarantee

A Company limited by guarantee is a kind of Limited company. In a limited company, the liability of each of the people owning the company is limited. There are two sorts of companies: those limited by shares, and those limited by guarantee. In a limited company, there are shares, and each shareholder is responsible up to the amount of the share, if the company goes bankrupt. In a company limited by guarantee, each member gives a guarantee, to take liabilities up to a certain amount. Very often, companies that are not profit-oriented use this structure. Two examples of such companies are PGA European Tour, which organises golf tournaments, and Oxfam, which distributes aid.
Companies limited by guarantee exist in the United Kingdom, and many Commonwealth countries.
Companies
Old Navy

Old Navy is an American clothing and accessories company owned by the multinational corporation Gap Inc. Its corporate operations are in the Mission Bay neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The company also has flagship stores in New York City, Seattle, Chicago and Mexico City.
On March 11, 1994, Gap Warehouse changed its name to Old Navy Clothing Co. to establish a separate image from its parent company Gap Inc. The first Old Navy stores got started in the Northern California towns or cities of Colma, San Leandro and Pittsburg.
On October 26, 2017, Old Navy opened two flagship stores in New York City (one in Times Square). The Times Square flagship store caters to New York City crowds. It has extended hours.
References
Companies based in San Francisco
American clothing companies
1994 establishments in California
National Socialist Council of Nagaland

The Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) is a nationalist paramilitary group. It operates mainly in Northeast India, and sometimes in Myanmar. Its members are Christian Naga people. The main aim of the organization is to establish a sovereign state, "Nagalim". This would cover all areas inhabited by the Naga people.
The NSCN has been declared as a terrorist organisation in India.
References
Separatist movements of India
Nationalist organizations in India
Christian organizations
Nagaland
Rebel militia groups in Asia
Christian terrorism
Organizations based in Myanmar
Heerlen

Heerlen is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2023, 87.116 people lived there. it contains the fourth largest city in Limburg.
the municipality is divided into four different parts. Heerlen-Stad, Heerlerheide, Heerlerbaan and Hoensbroek.
The municipality contains the major landmark of Castle hoensbroek.
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Limburg (Netherlands)
Udayapur District

Udayapur District (, is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district, with Triyuga as its district headquarters, covers an area of and in 2001 had a population of 287,689, in 2011 of 317,532, in 2021 of 342,773
References
Districts of Nepal
Sandra Pisani

Sandra Pisani OAM (23 January 1959 - 19 April 2022) was an Australian field hockey player. He played 85 international games for Australia and was the captain from 1985 to 1987. She competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics and was part of the team that won Australia's first Olympic gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
Pisani died from cancer in Adelaide, South Australia on 19 April 2022 at the age of 63.
References
1959 births
2022 deaths
Australian Olympic gold medalists
Australian ice hockey players
Sportspeople from Adelaide
Cancer deaths in Australia
Hiccups

A hiccup (also spelled hiccough) is sudden tightening of the diaphragm, which is a muscle inside the chest and below the lungs that causes air to be pulled in. A short time after diaphragm contracts, the throat suddenly closes. This closing stops the air from flowing in, and results in the "hic" sound that gives "hiccups" its name. A hiccup is a reflex, a kind of action happens in the body without trying. Hiccups often repeat several times per minute, and end on their own after a few minutes.
Sometimes a single hiccup happens, or they may happen over and over, a few times each minute, in a series called a bout of hiccups. Hiccups are rhythmic: the time between one hiccup and the next usually doesn't change much. A bout of hiccups generally ends by itself, without having to doing anything to end it on purpose. Many home remedies (cures) are often tried to attempt to shorten how long the hiccups last, because hiccups can be uncomfortable and make it hard to pay attention to other things. It is rare that medical help is necessary because it is rare that they last long enough to cause any harm.
Hiccups may be triggered (started) by several common human conditions such as swallowing air, eating very quickly, and laughing for a long time. They can also be caused by some drugs and by some diseases.
The reason that people hiccup is not known for sure. A leading theory (idea) is that hiccups evolved to help human babies and other young mammals obtain milk more easily during breast feeding. This is related to the pattern that hiccups often happen when a bubble of air forms below the diaphragm and takes up space in the belly.
References
Physiology
DWAQ-TV

SMNI TV 39/43 of Sonshine Media Network International (DWAQ-DTV channel 39/43), is a flagship PTV-backed television station of Philippine religious television network Sonshine Media Network International (SMNI). Its studios is located at ACQ Tower, Sta. Rita Street, EDSA, Guadalupe Nuevo, Makati City and its transmitter is located at KJC Compound, Barangay Sauyo, Novaliches, Quezon City.
Other websites
SMNI.com
Filipino television stations
Metro Manila
The Death of Ivan the Terrible (movie)

The Death of Ivan the Terrible () is a 1909 Russian silent movie directed by Vasili Goncharov. It stars A. Slavin, Yelizaveta Uvarova, and S. Tarasov. The movie is based on plays by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy.
Actors
A. Slavin as Ivan the Terrible
Yelizaveta Uvarova as Tsarina
S. Tarasov as Boris Godunov
Nikolai Vekov as Nagoy, boyar
Yakov Protazanov as Garaburda
References
Other websites
Russian silent movies
1909 movies
Movies directed by Vasili Goncharov
Samantha Power

Samantha Power (born September 21, 1970) is an Irish-born American academic and diplomat. Power is the 19th and current Administrator to the United States Agency for International Development since April 2021 under the Joe Biden administration. She was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2013 until 2017 under the Barack Obama administration.
Power is listed as the 63rd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.
Power was born in Dublin, Ireland. She moved to Pittsburgh when she was nine. She graduated from Yale University in 1992.
Her book, A Problem From Hell, which won the 2003 Pulitzer Prize in Nonfiction, examines the role and responses of the United States government in the genocides and ethnic conflicts of the 20th Century.
In January 2021, President-elect Joe Biden nominated Power to be the head of the United States Agency for International Development. In April 2021, her nominated was confirmed by the United States Senate with a 68 to 28 vote.
References
1970 births
Living people
Harvard University faculty
American human rights activists
American journalists
American political writers
Harvard University alumni
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Pulitzer Prize winners
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
Writers from Dublin
Yale University alumni
Politicians from Philadelphia
Writers from Philadelphia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Abdizhamil Karimuly Nurpeisov

Abdizhamil Karimuly Nurpeisov (; 22 October 1924 - 5 February 2022) was a Kazakh writer and translator. Between 1962 to 1964 he worked as a head editor of the magazine Zhuldyz. He was a delegate of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR. He was also President of the Kazakh PEN Club. He was known for his The Blood and Sweat trilogy.
Nurpeisov died on 5 February 2022, at the age of 97.
References
1924 births
2022 deaths
Kazakhstani writers
Asian novelists
Mary Millar

Irene Mary Wetton (or Mary Millar; July 26, 1936 - November 10, 1998) was a British actress. She acted in television and stage plays. She made her first television appearances in 1953 at age 17, in Those were the Days. She played Cloris in Lock Up Your Daughters in 1962, and played the title role in Ann Veronica in 1969. Her best known role is that of Hyacinth Bucket's histrionic sister Rose in Keeping Up Appearances.
Millar was born in Doncaster, West Riding of Yorkshire. She died from ovarian cancer in Brockley, south London, at age 62.
Other websites
Actors from Yorkshire
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from ovarian cancer
English stage actors
English television actors
People from Doncaster
1936 births
1998 deaths
Eugénio Eleutério

Eugenio Eleuterio was a sprinter from Portugal. Eleuterio competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born on 3 November 1920 and died on 28 July 2020.
References
Other websites
1920 births
2020 deaths
Sprinters
Portuguese Olympians
Portuguese athletes
Bridgend

Bridgend (; , meaning "Head of the Bridge on the Ogmore") is a town in Bridgend County Borough in Wales, west of Cardiff and east of Swansea. The river crossed by the original bridge, which gave the town its name, is the River Ogmore, but the River Ewenny also passes to the south of the town.
History
Historically a part of Glamorgan, Bridgend has grown a lot since the early 1980s - the United Kingdom Census in 2001 found a population of 39,429, and the 2011 census found that the Bridgend Local Authority had a population of 139,200 up from 128,700 in 2001. This 8.2% rise was the largest in Wales except for Cardiff. The town is undergoing redevelopment, with the town centre pedestrianised and a new business park opened.
References
Towns in Wales
Nadia Petrova

Nadezhda "Nadia" Petrova (); born June 8, 1982 in Moscow, Soviet Union, is a Russian professional tennis player.
She has won 27 WTA Titles, nine in singles and eighteen in doubles. In singles, Petrova has a career high ranking of World No. 3 in May 2006. She has reached the semi-finals of the French Open in 2003 and 2005. In doubles, she won the Sony Ericsson Championships in 2004 with Meghann Shaughnessy. As of 29 August 2011, Petrova was ranked World No. 30 in singles and World No. 9 in doubles.
Weblinks
Nadja Petrowa at the Women's Tennis Association
Nadja Petrowa at ITF Tennis
Official Nadia Petrova Page
Nadia Petrova Fanpage
1982 births
Russian tennis players
Living people
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Moscow
Wahhabi

Wahhabi (lwhby@) or Wahhabism is the conservative form of Sunni Islam practised in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. People think Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, an 18th century scholar, started this belief. He wanted to see a return to the practices of the first three generations of Islamic history.
Some definitions or uses of the term Wahhabi Islam include:
"a corpus of doctrines, but also a set of attitudes and behavior, derived from the teachings of a particularly severe religious reformist who lived in central Arabia in the mid-eighteenth century". Gilles Kepel.
"pure Islam that does not deviate from Sharia law in any way and should be called Islam and not Wahhabism". Prince Salman bin Abdul Aziz, the governor of the Saudi capital Riyadh.
"a misguided creed that fosters intolerance, promotes simplistic theology, and restricts Islam's capacity for adaption to diverse and shifting circumstances". David Commins, paraphrasing opponents' definition.
Related pages
Salafi
Other websites
Wahhabism -Citizendium
References
Islamic denominations