pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Whitney Port

Whitney Eve Port (born March 4, 1985) is an American television personality, fashion designer and writer of books. She was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. She attended Crossroads School in Santa Monica. In 2006, Port became famous when she appeared on the reality series The Hills on MTV.
References
1985 births
Living people
Television personalities from Los Angeles
American fashion designers
Writers from Los Angeles
Participants in American reality television series
De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da

"De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da" is a 1980 song by The Police. It is the second single from their third studio album, Zenyatta Mondatta. It went to number 2 in Ireland and Spain, number 4 in South Africa, number 5 in the United Kingdom and Canada, number 6 in Australia, number 8 in New Zealand and number 10 in the United States.
Track listing
7-inch - A&M / AMS 9110 (UK)
"De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da" - 4:09
"A Sermon" - 2:34
7-inch - A&M / AM 2275 (US)
"De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da" - 4:09
"Friends" - 3:35
7-inch - A&M / AM 25000 (US)
"De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da" (Spanish Version) - 4:00
"De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da" (Japanese Version) - 4:00
References
1980 songs
The Police songs
Sting (musician) songs
François N. Macerola

Francois N. Macerola (January 31, 1942 - November 8, 2018) was a Canadian lawyer and movie executive. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. Macerola worked for the National Film Board of Canada and Telefilm Canada. His career began in 1976.
Macerola dealt with the controversy surrounding the 1982 docudrama The Kid Who Couldn't Miss, about the life of fighter pilot Billy Bishop because the movie poorly depicted his life with accuracy.
Macerola died on the morning of November 8, 2018 in Montreal at the age of 76.
References
Other websites
1942 births
2018 deaths
Canadian movie producers
Canadian lawyers
People from Montreal
Hugo Travers

Hugo Travers (born 6 April 1997 in Versailles), also known as HugoDecrypte, is a French journalist and YouTuber.
Hugo Travers is known for his YouTube videos which has daily news updates in French, and more detailed videos on his second channel.
References
1997 births
Living people
French YouTubers
French journalists
Masanori Tokita

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Tokita was born in Kobe on June 24, 1925. After graduating from Kwansei Gakuin University, he joined Tanabe Pharmaceutical in 1950. He also played for Kwangaku Club was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. He won Emperor's Cup 4 times. He retired in 1959.
In March 1951, Tokita was selected the Japan national team for Japan team first game after World War II, 1951 Asian Games. At this competition, on March 7, he debuted against Iran. He also played at 1954 Asian Games. In November 1956, he was selected Japan for 1956 Summer Olympics and he played as captain. He played 12 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 1959.
On March 5, 2004, Tokita died of esophageal cancer in Hyogo Prefecture at the age of 78. In 2006, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.
Statistics
|-
|1951||3||1
|-
|1952||0||0
|-
|1953||0||0
|-
|1954||3||1
|-
|1955||1||0
|-
|1956||2||0
|-
|1957||0||0
|-
|1958||0||0
|-
|1959||3||0
|-
!Total||12||2
|}
References
Other websites
Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association
1925 births
2004 deaths
Footballers from Hyogo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma SC players
Footballers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Loser Love

Loser Lover is a 1999 erotic thriller movie. It was directed by Jean-Marc Vallee.
Cast
Laurel Holloman as Lily Delacroix
Andy Davoli as Tim
Rachel Robinson as Kilo
Burt Young as Sydney Delacroix
Lauren Hutton as Annie Delacroix
References
Other websites
English-language movies
1999 thriller movies
1990s erotic movies
Canadian thriller movies
Movies directed by Jean-Marc Vallee
Harrisville, Michigan

Harrisville is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Alcona County. In 2010 census, 493 people lived there that makes it the sixth-smallest city by population in Michigan.
References
Cities in Michigan
County seats in Michigan
Boy with the Blues (EP)

Boy with the Blues is an album by the rock band Oasis. It was released in early July 2009 as an iTunes exclusive EP. It contained two songs not previously available on general release and also a remix of "(Get Off Your) High Horse Lady" from their album Dig Out Your Soul.
Track listing
"Boy with the Blues"
"I Believe in All"
"(Get Off Your) High Horse Lady" - the May 29th Devendra Banhart Mix
The first two tracks were only available on the Dig Out Your Soul Deluxe Boxset Bonus Disc, while the third track had only been released as a listen only track on Oasisinet's Radio Supernova.
2009 albums
Oasis (band) albums
Little Caesars Arena

Little Caesars Arena is an arena in Detroit, Michigan. Construction began on April 24, 2015. It opened on September 5, 2017. It replaced the Joe Louis Arena and The Palace of Auburn Hills as the home of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
References
Detroit Red Wings
Buildings and structures in Detroit
Sports buildings in the United States
Fürstenstein

Furstenstein is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Passau (district)
Hanford, California

Hanford is a city and the county seat of Kings County, California. In 2020, 57,990 people lived there.
References
Cities in California
County seats in California
Settlements in Kings County, California
Eudora, Arkansas

Eudora is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Biosphere

The biosphere includes everything living on Earth. It is also known as ecosphere. Currently the biosphere has a biomass (or amount of living things) at around 1900 gigatonnes of carbon. It is not certain exactly how thick the biosphere is, though scientists predict that it is around 12,500 meters. The biosphere extends to the upper areas of the atmosphere, including birds and insects.
In a general sense, biospheres are any closed, self-regulating systems containing ecosystems. This includes artificial biospheres such as Biosphere 2 and BIOS-3, and potentially ones on other planets or moons.
Origin of the term
The word "biosphere" was coined by geologist Eduard Suess in 1875. Which he defined as a place on Earth's surface where life dwells.
Earth's biosphere
The earliest known evidence of life in Earth includes biogenic graphite dated as far as 3.7 Billion years old. Life is scattered all throughout the surface of the Earth, from the polar ice caps to the equator, exhibits a life of some kind.
Extent of biological life
Almost all parts of the planet contains a life of some kind. Recent advances in microbiology concluded that microbes can live deep beneath the Earth's surface.
References
Other Page
Biosphere reserve - Project by UNESCO
Ecology
David Tang

Sir David Wing-cheung Tang, (; 2 August 1954 - 29 August 2017), was a Hong Kong businessman. He was best known for founding the Shanghai Tang fashion chain in 1994, which he sold in 1998 to Richemont. Tang's grandfather, Tang Shiu Kin, "founded the Kowloon bus company and became one of Hong Kong's greatest philanthropists".
Tang died on 29 August 2017 of liver cancer at a London hospital at the age of 63.
References
Other websites
China Tang
1954 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
Cancer deaths in London
Hong Kong businesspeople
Chinese businesspeople
Chinese philanthropists
Left-wing libertarianism

Left-wing libertarianism is a kind of left-wing politics that says the government should have less control over people's lives. Left-wing libertarians want a mix of personal freedoms with social equality. They normally believe in a more progressive lifestyle than other libertarians. But they agree that people should normally have more free choice.
Left-wing anarchism is an extreme kind of left-wing libertarianism. It wants to get rid of government and capitalism entirely. Libertarianism can also sometimes mix with socialism. This is called socialist libertarianism. But these different names can sometimes all mean the same thing. Socialist libertarians and anarchists want to end private property because they believe people who own it get unfair power over others. They want a future based on people working to help each other, instead of for money. But they want to make these things happen without using a government.
Examples
Related pages
Human rights
Left-wing liberalism
References
Libertarianism
City of Edinburgh Council

The City of Edinburgh Council is the local government covering the City of Edinburgh. There were 518,500 people living there mid-2019.
The council was set up in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. Before that there was the City of Edinburgh District Council part of the Lothian region. That was set up in 1975. Before that there was a council based at the Old Tolbooth. Around 1130, David I made the town a royal burgh and a burgh council.
There are now 17 wards. They each elect three or four councillors by the single transferable vote. There are 63 councillors.
References
Organisations based in Edinburgh
Local government in Scotland
Donkey (Shrek)

Donkey (not known by any other name) is the second main character seen in the movie Shrek. He is seen as the overly-happy and annoying sidekick of Shrek.
He appears in all the Shrek movies. He is voiced by the late Eddie Murphy.
References
Fictional animals
Fictional characters introduced in 1990
Fictional characters introduced in 2001
Shrek characters
Edmond Baraffe

Edmond Baraffe (19 October 1942 - 19 April 2020) was a French professional football striker and manager. He was born in Annoeulin, France. He played for the national team from 1964 to 1966. He also played for Toulouse. He managed Le Touquet from 1985 to 1989.
Baraffe died on 19 April 2020, aged 77.
References
1942 births
2020 deaths
French footballers
French football managers
Saint-Sauveur, Finistère

Saint-Sauveur () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Finistere
Monotonic function

In algebra, a montonic function is any function whose gradient never changes sign. In simple words, it is a function which is either always increasing or decreasing. For example, sin x=f(x) isn't a monotonous function or simply, non monotonous function. That is to say there are no turning points but there may be stationary points where the gradient is momentarily zero. The derivative function of a monotonic function which describes its gradient will never change sign.
References
Algebra
Functions and mappings
Irani Barbosa

Irani Barbosa (1950 - 23 December 2020) was a Brazilian politician. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1991 to 1995. He was elected as a member of the Democratic Movement. Barbosa was born in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais.
Barbosa died on 23 December 2020 from COVID-19 in Belo Horizonte at the age of 70.
References
1950 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Brazilian politicians
Toronto Symphony Orchestra

The Toronto Symphony Orchestra is a Canadian orchestra. 400,000 people go to its concerts each year and it is often broadcast over CBC Radio 2. It was formed in 1922. The concerts used to be given in the Massey Hall but since 1982 they have been in the Roy Thomson Hall. The Orchestra often goes on tour and has had some famous conductors.
List of conductors of the TSO:
Luigi von Kunits (1922-1931)
Sir Ernest MacMillan (1931-1956)
Walter Susskind (1956-1965)
Seiji Ozawa (1965-1969)
Karel Ancerl (1969-1973)
Sir Andrew Davis (1975-1988)
Gunther Herbig (1988-1994)
Jukka-Pekka Saraste (1994-2001)
Peter Oundjian (2003-)
The TSO's concertmaster now is Jacques Israelievitch.
Other websites
Toronto Symphony Orchestra
Orchestras
Canadian musical groups
1922 establishments in North America
1920s establishments in Canada
Campbon

Campbon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
From the Earth to the Moon

From the Earth to the Moon is a book by Jules Verne.
He tells of the adventures of three men, the Americans Barbicane and Nicholl, and one French man, Ardan. They want to go to the moon, and to do this, they make a very big cannon, with a very big "bullet". The bullet is the spaceship. They get caught in the moons orbit and the story ends there.
Before he died, Verne gave the manuscript to his nephew, telling him to look after it. "I'm sure that you will see travel to the moon. You will be able to judge my prediction".
1865 books
Science fiction books
Books by Jules Verne
Comoving distance

In normal cosmology, 'comoving' distance or 'proper distance' is one of several distances measured by cosmologists to define distances between objects.
Method
To talk about the shape of the Universe, scientists want to forget that the Universe is expanding. So they separate the shape from time and pretend that the Universe is not expanding. They remember that, really, the Universe is expanding, but they write this in a variable called the scale factor. Then, the distances they talk about, while putting the scale factor to the side, are called comoving distances. When they think about the Universe using comoving distance, they think of the Universe as not expanding. This way, some calculations are easier.
Purpose
When the part of the Universe which we can see today started, it was very small. Everything in this part of the Universe was much closer together than today. It was also very hot and photons (particles of light) were moving in different directions. Light moves very fast, but the light speed is limited and the Universe was expanding very fast.
Comparison
Think of two ants on the surface of an expanding balloon. One ant starts moving towards another, but the balloon itself is also expanding. After a long time the balloon starts expanding more slowly. Eventually one ant reaches another. That's like photons in our universe. Some of the light from the stars you see at night traveled for billions of years to reach your eye. Surprisingly, it started very close to where you were (or the atoms of which your body consists), but just could not keep up with the universe expansion. Of course, if something else started out very close to where you were, but was not traveling toward you, it would be very far away from you now because of the expansion.
Cosmology
Physical quantity
Maidstone, Vermont

Maidstone is a town in Essex County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
John and Mary (movie)

John and Mary is a 1969 American romantic drama movie. It was directed by Peter Yates. It was based on the novel of the same name by Mervyn Jones. It stars Dustin Hoffman, Mia Farrow, Tyne Daly, Olympia Dukakis, Stanley Beck, Michael Tolan. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1969 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Peter Yates
Movies set in New York City
Weehawken, New Jersey

Weehawken is a township in the northern part of Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 12,554.
References
Townships in New Jersey
Ottenbüttel

Ottenbuttel is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
Steinburg (district)
Technoblade

Alexander (June 1, 1999 - June 2022), better known as Technoblade, was an American YouTuber known for Minecraft videos and livestreams on YouTube. He was also known for his involvement in a roleplay group called the Dream SMP. His YouTube channel had more than 14 million subscribers in July 2022. He died sometime in June 2022 of cancer.
References
1999 births
2022 deaths
American YouTubers
People from San Francisco
Lake View, Alabama

Lake View is a town in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,943, up from 1,357 in 2000. It is part of the Tuscaloosa Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Lake View was incorporated in 1998.
Geography
Lake View is located at (33.279933, -87.138667).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (12.57%) is water.
References
Towns in Alabama
Litchfield, Connecticut

Litchfield is a town in and former county seat of Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 8,192 at the 2020 census.
References
Towns in Connecticut
County seats in Connecticut
Members Church of God International

The Members Church of God International is a group of members of a Christian denomination with headquarters in the Philippines. Commonly known by their TV show Ang Dating Daan (The Old Path), they have million members and has thousands of locales worldwide. Currently, their presiding minister is Eliseo Soriano ang their vice presiding Minister is Daniel S. Razon. Eliseo Soriano is currently preaching in other countries. They reject the Roman Catholic belief about Trinity.
Christian denominations
Organizations based in the Philippines
Advance Wars

Advance Wars is a video game for the Game Boy Advance. It is based on earlier games for Nintendo systems such as the Famicom and Game Boy. It is a strategy game: players must think of ways to win.
The game can be played with two, three, or four players at a time. Each player takes turns controlling their military-style playing pieces, called "units." Every unit can move along the playing field, which is split up into squares. The amount of squares a unit can move in one turn is different for each unit.
Most units can attack other units. Each unit has its own strength and defense. Strength is how much damage the unit can do to another unit. Defense is how much damage it can avoid taking whenever it is attacked. For example, the tank unit has more defense than the soldier, so even though the helicopter always has the same amount of attacking power, it can do more damage to the soldier than the tank.
References
2001 video games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Intelligent Systems games
Wars series
Deaths in 1995

The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in 1995. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.
Each listing of death, must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Other websites
The Guardian, UK obituaries
Obituaries, Los Angeles Times
The New York Times, US obituaries
The Sydney Morning Herald, Australian obituaries
Index lists
List of Kyoto Sanga FC players

The List of Kyoto Sanga F.C. is evolving. The history of the team is created by its players.
Kyoto Sanga F.C. is a Japanese professional football club in Gifu Prefecture.
List
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Jun Ando
Naohito Hirai
Makoto Kakuda
Yosuke Kataoka
Tatsuya Masushima
Hiroki Mizumoto
Yuichi Mizutani
Shun Morishita
Yusuke Nakatani
Hiroki Nakayama
Yasumasa Nishino
Shingo Suzuki
Daigo Watanabe
Atsushi Yanagisawa
Related pages
Sports in Japan
List of Japanese football teams
References
Other websites
Kyoto Sanga F.C.
J.League Club Guide
Lists of Japanese football players
Nauru national soccer team

The Nauru national soccer is the soccer team that comes from Nauru. The teams current Ello Ranking is 184. The team does not have a FIFA Ranking because the team is not part of FIFA.
Ello Rankings
References
Oceanian national football teams
Nauru
Michael J. Budds

Michael Joseph Budds (June 11, 1947 - November 19, 2020) was an American musicologist. He was a professor at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. Many of his works focused on American popular music. He was born in Pana, Illinois.
Budds died on November 19, 2020 in Columbia at the age of 73.
References
1947 births
2020 deaths
Academics from Illinois
Musicologists
Writers from Illinois
Writers from Missouri
People from Columbia, Missouri
Test Card F

Test Card F is a test card made by the BBC to be used on television in the United Kingdom. It was first shown on television on July 2, 1967. It was shown on television when no shows were being played. The test card shows Carole Hersee playing noughts and crosses (tic-tac-toe) with a clown doll with many test signals showing. The test card was made by George Hersee, Carole Hersee's father and a BBC engineer. It was shown less in the 1980s because BBC started showing Ceefax pages more. After 1999, it was only shown by BBC Two for one minute. In the 2010s, the test card was used for HTTP errors on the BBC website. Test Card F made Carole Hersee the most shown face in British television.
In the 1990s, three versions of Test Card F were made, including Test Card J (which had small changes of Test Card F), Test Card W (a widescreen version), and a different widescreen version.
References
BBC
1967 establishments in the United Kingdom
United States Postmaster General

The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. The office, in one form or another, is older than both the United States Constitution and the United States Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Franklin was appointed by the Continental Congress as the first Postmaster General, serving slightly longer than 15 months.
In 1971, the United States Post Office Department was re-organized into the United States Postal Service, a special agency independent of the executive branch. Thus, the Postmaster General is no longer a member of the Cabinet and is no longer in line to be President.
Postmasters General under the Continental Congress
Postmasters General under the U.S. Constitution, 1789-1971
Cabinet-level Postmasters General
Postmasters general of the U.S. Postal Service, 1971-present
References
Hayden Lake, Idaho

Hayden Lake is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Murad Alyan

Murad Alyan (born 7 December 1977) is a Palestinian football player. He has played for Palestine national team.
International career statistics
|-
|2011||9||7
|-
|2012||0||0
|-
!Total||9||7
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
Asian footballers
Palestinian people
British royal family

The British royal family is the group who are relatives (family) of the monarch, currently Charles III, of the United Kingdom.
Members
King Charles III and Queen Camilla
The Prince and Princess of Wales
Prince George of Wales
Princess Charlotte of Wales
Prince Louis of Wales
The Duke and Duchess of Sussex
Prince Archie of Sussex
Princess Lilibet of Sussex
The Princess Royal
The Duke of York
Princess Beatrice
Princess Eugenie
The Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh
The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester
The Duke and Duchess of Kent
Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy
Prince and Princess Michael of Kent
References
Royal Gov website Retrieved 3 July 2012https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/155209306/person/302050214240/story For HRH Blake Royall Shaner
British monarchy
House of Windsor
Honnechy

Honnechy is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 561 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
1928 Winter Olympics

The 1928 Winter Olympics, officially known as the II Olympic Winter Games, were held in 1928 in St. Moritz, Switzerland. The 1928 Games were the first true Winter Olympics held on its own and not as a part of a Summer Olympics. The preceding 1924 Winter Olympics were later renamed as Winter Olympics. They were actually part of the 1924 Summer Olympics. All preceding Winter Events of the Olympic Games were the winter sports part of the schedule of the Summer Games, and not as a separate Winter Games.
Participating nations
Athletes from 25 nations competed at these Games, up from 16 in 1924. This was the first time many countries attended the Winter Olympic Games, including Argentina, Estonia, Germany, Japan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Romania.
Other websites
IOC page for the 1928 Winter Olympics
Olympics
Winter Olympics in Europe
Sport in Switzerland
20th century in Switzerland
1928 in Europe
Ahmed Adghirni

Ahmed Adghirni (5 May 1947 - 19 October 2020) was a Moroccan politician, lawyer, writer, and human rights activist. He was from a Berber tribe. Adghirni was born in Ait Ali in Sous, Morocco.
He was a political activist for Berbers in Morocco. He was very active in the World Amazigh Congress, participating in the "pre-congress" at Saint-Rome-de-Dolan in 1995 and the first congress at Las Palmas in 1997.
Adghirni died on 19 October 2020 in Tiznit, Morocco at the age of 73.
References
1947 births
2020 deaths
Human rights activists
Lawyers
Moroccan politicians
Moroccan writers
Riqui Puig

Ricard "Riqui" Puig Marti (born 13 August 1999) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy and the Catalonia national team.
References
1999 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Letters from the Park

Letters from the Park () is a 1988 Cuban drama movie directed by Tomas Gutierrez Alea and starring Victor Laplace, Ivonne Lopez Arenal, Miguel Paneke, Mirta Ibarra, Adolfo Llaurado, Elio Mesa.
Other websites
1988 drama movies
Cuban movies
Movies directed by Tomas Gutierrez Alea
Government of Portugal

The Government of Portugal is one of the four sovereignty bodies of the Portuguese Republic, together with the President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic and the courts. The government is responsible for the general politics of the country and is the superior body of the Portuguese public administration.
Government of Portugal
Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)

Michael J. Rogers (born June 2, 1963) is an American former law enforcement officer and politician. He was the U.S. representative for from 2001 to 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a CNN national security news commentator.
References
1963 births
Living people
United States representatives from Michigan
Writers from Michigan
American political commentators
CNN people
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Bill Thompson (voice actor)

William H. Thompson (July 8, 1913 - July 15, 1971) was an American radio personality and voice actor. His career stretched from the 1930s until his death. He was a featured comedian playing multiple roles on the Fibber McGee and Molly radio series. He was the voice of Droopy in most of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio theatrical cartoons from 1943 to 1958.
Other websites
1913 births
1971 deaths
People from Terre Haute, Indiana
Tägerig

Tagerig is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Tagerig
213 (group)

213 (pronounced two-one-three) was an American West Coast hip hop group with Warren G, Snoop Dogg and Nate Dogg. They were based in Long Beach, California. They performed gangsta rap and G-funk. The group was formed in 1990 and ended in 2011 when Nate Dogg died.
References
American rap music groups
Musical groups from Long Beach, California
Musical groups disestablished in 1992
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
Musical groups established in 1990
Musical groups established in 1998
1990s American music groups
1979 oil crisis

The 1979 (or second) oil crisis or oil shock occurred in the world due to decreased oil output in the wake of the Iranian Revolution.
Despite the fact that global oil supply decreased by only ~4%, widespread panic resulted, driving the price far higher.
The price of crude oil more than doubled to $39.50 per barrel over the next 12 months, and long lines once again appeared at gas stations, as they had in the 1973 oil crisis.
References
1979
Economic history
Ernestine Eckstein

Ernestine Eckstein (April 23, 1941 - July 15, 1992) was a Black lesbian woman who fought for lesbian rights. Eckstein participated in LGBTQ rights protests that occurred before the famous Stonewall Riots of 1969.
Activism
Eckstein was often one of the few women at early LGBTQ rights protests. Usually she was the only Black women in attendance.
Ernestine Eckstein was the vice president of the New York chapter of the Daughters of Bilitis organization. The Daughters of Bilitis were a nationwide group that fought for lesbian rights, and offered help to lesbians who needed it. Eckstein was on the cover of The Ladder in June 1966, fighting against racism in both the United States and the LGBTQ movement, representing a Black lesbian advocate. Eckstein believed that it was more important for her to fight for LGBTQ rights than Black rights because as a Black person she already had rights, but as a member of the LGBTQ community, she didn't have the same freedom.
References
1941 births
1992 deaths
American human rights activists
American LGBT rights activists
Česlovas Stankevičius

Ceslovas Vytautas Stankevicius (born 27 February 1937) is a Lithuanian politician. In 1990, he was one of the signers of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. He was the Minister of Defence between 1996 to 2000. During that same time, he was a member of Seimas. He was born in Vilkaviskis District Municipality, Lithuania.
References
1937 births
Living people
Lithuanian politicians
Montiaceae

A segregated family, formerly in the family Portulacaceae.
Representative genera
Lenzia Phil.
Philipiamra Kunze
Cistanthe Spach
References
Caryophyllales
Plant families
UK railway stations – V

Related pages
List of closed railway stations in Britain
List of heritage railway stations in the United Kingdom
V
Toshiko Fujita

was a Japanese actress and singer. She was born in Dalian, Liaoning, China. She worked at Aoni Production. Fujita was known for her roles in Digimon Adventure, Zatch Bell!, Chihayafuru, Bonobono and in Fist of the North Star.
Fujita died of breast cancer on December 28, 2018 in Tokyo at the age of 68.
References
Other websites
Aoni Production profile
Toshiko Fujita at the Seiyuu database
1950 births
2018 deaths
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese voice actors
Japanese singers
Deaths from breast cancer
Giordano Bruno

Giordano Bruno (January 1548 - 17 February 1600) was an Italian friar of the Dominican Order. He was also a philosopher and mathematician. He is best known for believing in the infinity of the universe. His cosmological theories went beyond the Copernican model.
Bruno thought the Sun was just one of an infinite number of independently moving heavenly bodies. He is the first man to have thought the stars we see at night are identical in nature to the Sun. For publishing beliefs contrary to Roman Catholic dogma about transubstantiation, trinity and other matters, he was burnt at the stake as a heretic by the Inquisition of the Roman Catholic Church.
Bruno also wrote extensive works on the art of memory, a loosely organized group of mnemonic techniques and principles.
The charges
The Catholic Church made the following accusations against Bruno:
Holding opinions contrary to the Catholic Faith and speaking against it and its ministers.
Holding wrong opinions about the Trinity, about Christ's divinity and Incarnation.
Holding wrong opinions about Christ.
Holding wrong opinions about Transubstantiation and Mass.
Claiming the existence of a plurality of worlds and their eternity.
Believing in the transmigration of the human soul into brutes.
Dealing in magics and divination.
Denying the Virginity of Mary.
Bruno did accept and promote Copernicus' idea that the Earth revolves round the Sun. Many believe this was one of main reasons for his downfall; others think his theological beliefs were more critical. In 1584 he published two dialogues which argued for his idea on astronomy. Eight years later he was arrested, and his trial took another eight years. His accusers demanded complete recantation of all his 'erroneous' beliefs. He refused, and went to his death. Later the Inquisition used his example to terrify Galileo into withdrawing his works from publication.
Related pages
Galileo Galilei
Heliocentrism
Nicolaus Copernicus
References
1548 births
1600 deaths
16th-century philosophers
Italian astronomers
Italian mathematicians
Italian philosophers
Italian Roman Catholics
Italian writers
People executed by burning
William Jennings Bryan

William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860-July 26, 1925) was an American politician in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was from the Midwest. He is known for supporting causes that were not very popular or were old-fashioned, such as the silver standard or creationism. In the 1890s, he was a Congressman from Nebraska. He gained fame in 1896 for the "Cross of Gold Speech", a speech about the American economy he gave to the Populist Party. He ran for President as a Democrat three times, in 1896, 1900, and 1908, but lost each time. During this time, he was the main leader of the Democratic Party. He was one of the first people who gave lots of speeches around the country while running for President, and continued to give speeches even when not running on what was called the "Chatauqua Circuit". He was United States Secretary of State from 1913 to 1915. In his last years, he was one of the lawyers in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He is portrayed in the movie Inherit the Wind by the character Matthew Harrison Brady.
References
1860 births
1925 deaths
Lawyers from Nebraska
American Presbyterians
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Creationists
United States representatives from Nebraska
United States Secretaries of State
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Illinois
Mitchellville, Iowa

Mitchellville is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Pistachio

The pistachio (Pistacia vera) is a small tree from the family Anacardiaceae (also known as the Cashew family). It is well known for its seeds that are eaten as food. It is native to the Middle East and Central Asia.
The plant
The tree grows up to tall. Its leaves are 10-20 centimeters (4-8 inches) long.
The fruit is a stone fruit. Only the seed is edible. The fruit has a hard, cream-colored exterior shell. The seed has a mauve-colored skin and light green flesh. When the fruit ripens, the shell goes from green to yellow or red and splits a bit open. Different varieties split differently.
Pistachio trees can give of seeds on average every two years.
The shell of the pistachio is naturally a beige color, but it is sometimes dyed red or green. It is thought that dye was used by importers to hide stains on the shells when the seeds were picked by hand. Most pistachios are now picked by machine and the shells do not have stains.
References
Anacardiaceae
Edible nuts and seeds
The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise

"The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise" is a comedy routine. It was first shown during episode 22 of the first season of Saturday Night Live on May 29, 1976. The routine is twelve minutes long. It was written by Michael O'Donoghue consulting with actor John Belushi. They included a realistic model of the USS Enterprise bridge from the TV show Star Trek. Dress rehearsal was hard. The writer was not sure if Belushi would be able to do a good parody of William Shatner's performance as Captain Kirk. The routine was a success. O'Donoghue immediately congratulated Belushi after his performance.
The sketch became an instant classic hit among Star Trek fans and science fiction fans. The 1977 book Saturday Night Live included a copy of a note from Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry where he called the comedic bit "delicious". The routine was released on a 1985 Saturday Night Live videotape that combined The Best of John Belushi. It was released again with the same title in DVD format in 2011.
Reviews
In his book Metapop, author Michael Dunne called the comedic bit one of the most famous scenes from Saturday Night Live. The Chicago Sun-Times called it a really intelligent parody of Star Trek. Huffpost TV called it one of "the most famous parodies" of Star Trek. The A.V. Club said the sketch was really well-done comedy.
The New Yorker movie critic Anthony Lane wrote that Belushi did a perfect acting job. The Hollywood Reporter interviewed Tom Hanks and Elliott Gould in 2015. Gould called the sketch a favorite. Hanks said it was one of the top five best of all time. Rolling Stone ranked every Saturday Night Live cast member by talent in 2015, and John Belushi was placed at number one. Rolling Stone said the Captain Kirk parody was one of Belushi's best.
References
Other websites
"The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise" at Hulu
Star Trek
Comedy
David Wright (baseball)

David Wright is an American professional baseball player. He plays on the New York Mets of Major League Baseball. He plays third base. He wears number 5.
Wright was born on December 20, 1982 in Norfolk, Virginia. He was drafted by the Mets in the 2001 draft. He started playing in the minor leagues later that year.
Wright first played for the Mets in July 2004. Since that time, he has been the Mets regular third basemen. He has been in 7 all-star games. Wright was chosen as captain of the Mets in 2013
Other websites
David Wright MLB Blog
David Wright at the Ultimate Mets Database
Yahoo MLB Profile
New York Mets players
1982 births
Living people
People from Norfolk, Virginia
1 Maccabees

The Book of 1 Maccabees (pronounced First Maccabees) is a book of the Bible written in Hebrew around the year 100 BC by a Jewish author. It is part of the Old Testament in Catholic and Orthodox Christianity but is generally not seen as canonical in Protestantism. It talks about the period in Jewish history between 175 BC and 134 BC, when the Seleucid Empire ruled over Israel and forced their culture and religion onto the Jewish people. Angry at these developments, many Jews rebelled against the imperialists and overthrew the tyranny. Their struggles and battles form the majority of the Book of 1 Maccabees.
Old Testament books
Hanukkah
2nd-century BC books
Yoshiyuki Kobayashi

is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as a Association football or soccer player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="15"|J. League 1||30||2||4||0||3||0||37||2
|-
|2000||11||0||0||0||2||0||13||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="5"|Tokyo Verdy||19||0||2||0||0||0||21||0
|-
|2002||23||1||1||0||0||0||24||1
|-
|2003||18||1||0||0||4||1||22||2
|-
|2004||29||4||5||2||8||2||42||8
|-
|2005||26||2||1||0||6||2||33||4
|-
|2006||rowspan="4"|Omiya Ardija||28||4||2||0||5||0||35||4
|-
|2007||33||3||0||0||6||1||39||4
|-
|2008||25||3||2||0||6||0||33||3
|-
|2009||5||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||6||0
|-
|2009||Kashiwa Reysol||10||0||1||0||1||0||12||0
|-
|2010||rowspan="3"|Albirex Niigata||||||||||||||||
|-
|2011||||||||||||||||||
|-
|2012||||||||||||||||||
257||20||18||2||42||6||317||27
257||20||18||2||42||6||317||27
|}
References
Other websites
Albirex Niigata, http://www.albirex.co.jp/topteam/32_kobayashi.html
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Albirex Niigata players
List of districts of Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh, a state of India, has 33 administrative districts.
At the time of separation from Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh originally had 16 districts. Two new districts: Bijapur and Narayanpur were carved out on May 11, 2007 and nine new districts on Jan 1, 2012. The new districts have been created by carving out the existing districts to facilitate more targeted, focused and closer administration. These districts have been named Sukma, Kondagaon, Balod, Bemetara, Baloda Bazar, Gariaband, Mungeli, Surajpur and Balrampur. A new District Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi came into existence on 10 February 2020 as the 28th district. Later 5 new districts of Khairagarh, Manendragarh, Mohla-Manpur, Sakti and Sarangarh were added in 2022.
Districts of Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh consists of 33 districts.
Surguja Division
Balrampur-Ramanujganj
Jashpur
Koriya
Manendragarh
Surajpur
Surguja
Bilaspur Division
Bilaspur
Gaurella-Pendra-Marwahi
Janjgir-Champa
Korba
Mungeli
Raigarh
Sakti
Sarangarh-Bilaigarh
Durg Division
Balod
Bemetara
Durg
Kabirdham (Kawardha)
Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai
Mohla Manpur
Rajnandgaon
Raipur Division
Baloda Bazar
Dhamtari
Gariaband
Mahasamund
Raipur
Bastar Division
Bastar
Bijapur
Dantewada (Dakshin Bastar)
Kanker (Uttar Bastar)
Kondagaon
Narayanpur
Sukma
References
Further reading
Chhattisgarh
Christopher Chataway

Sir Christopher John Chataway, PC (31 January 1931 - 19 January 2014) was a British middle- and long-distance runner, television news broadcaster, and Conservative politician. His stepson is the Conservative MP Charles Walker and his brother-in-law the former Conservative MP Peter Hordern.
He suffered from cancer for the last two and a half years of his life. He died aged 82 at St John's Hospice in north west London.
References
Other websites
Sunday Times article 13 December 2009
1931 births
2014 deaths
British middle-distance runners
British long-distance runners
English television presenters
Politicians from London
Sportspeople from London
Television personalities from London
Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters

Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (September 19, 1813-July 18, 1890) was a German-American astronomer, and one of the first to find asteroids.
He was born in Schleswig-Holstein, then part of Denmark but later part of Germany, and later studied under Carl Friedrich Gauss. He spoke many languages and spent time in Italy and Ottoman Turkey before going to the United States in 1854.
Working at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York (near Utica), he was a good finder of asteroids, finding 48 of them, beginning with 72 Feronia in 1861 and ending with 287 Nephthys in 1889.
He was involved in litigation in 1889 with his old assistant Charles A. Borst, and the "Great Star-Catalog Case" Peters v. Borst went before the Supreme Court of New York. The judge sided with Peters, but many astronomers and newspapers sided with Borst. Peters died not long after the trial end. After his death, the judgement was ultimately reversed on appeal and a new trial was ordered, but it never took place.
Besides asteroids, he co-found the Periodic comet 80P/Peters-Hartley, and also found different nebulae and galaxies.
Other websites
Biography
American astronomers
German astronomers
1813 births
1890 deaths
Bois-d'Arcy, Yonne

Bois-d'Arcy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Noise (music)

Noise music is a special type of music that uses noise as the main part of the song. Sometimes musicians make it so that they can find out what makes music what it is. They are exploring whether a sound can be music if it does not have melody or rhythm. Noise music was first made at the start of the 1910s. It is often called Sound Art, because it is a mixture of art and sound.
Music genres
Premosello-Chiovenda

Premosello-Chiovenda is a comune in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Bamberg County, South Carolina

Bamberg County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 20,000 people lived there. Its county seat is Bamberg.
References
1897 establishments in South Carolina
South Carolina counties
Tel-O-Fun

Tel-O-Fun () is a bicycle-sharing service in Tel Aviv. The project began in 2011. It includes roads for bicycles.
Other websites
Transport in Israel
Cycling
Todd Gitlin

Todd Alan Gitlin (January 6, 1943 - February 5, 2022) was an American sociologist, political activist, novelist, and cultural commentator. He wrote about the mass media, politics, and arts. He worked as a professor at the University of California, Berkeley and New York University. He was also a visiting professor at Yale University. Gitlin published three novels: The Murder of Albert Einstein (1992), Sacrifice (1999), and Undying (2011).
On December 31, 2021, Gitlin went into cardiac arrest at his home in Hillside, New York. He was hospitalized in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where he tested positive for COVID-19. He died there on February 5, 2022, one month after his 79th birthday.
References
1943 births
2022 deaths
American sociologists
American novelists
University of California, Berkeley faculty
American political writers
American political activists
Writers from New York City
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
New York University faculty
Constantine, Switzerland

Constantine was a municipality in Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Bellerive, Chabrey, Constantine, Montmagny, Mur, Vallamand and Villars-le-Grand merged into the new municipality of Vully-les-Lacs.
References
Former municipalities of Vaud
2011 disestablishments in Switzerland
Crump tree frog

The Crump tree frog (Dendropsophus brevifrons) is a frog that lives in Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, and Ecuador.
The adult male frog is 18 to 21 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 23 mm long. This frog looks for food at night.
The eggs are bright yellow and look like the spots on the female frog's legs. The female frog lays eggs on the tops of green leaves above water. After the tadpoles hatch, they fall into the water. Beetles and grasshoppers eat about half the eggs before they can hatch.
References
Frogs of South America
The Four Stages of Cruelty

The Four Stages of Cruelty is a series of four printed engravings. They were published by the English artist William Hogarth in 1751. Every print is about a different part of life of Tom Nero, a fictional (not real) character.
The First stage of Cruelty shows Nero, when he is a child, hurting a dog. In the Second stage of cruelty, Nero, who is an adult, beats his horse. Then in Cruelty in perfection, he becomes a robber and murders his pregnant lover. At last, in The reward of cruelty, his body is taken from the gallows after his execution and is cut up into pieces by surgeons. This last annotation refers directly to the act of parliament then under consideration and passed in 1752 which changed the law to require the bodies of executed murderers to be surrendered to the surgeons for use in anatomy classes and only buried after they had been anatomized. The act was created in response to the increase in murders, especially in the suburbs of London.
William Hogarth, who had been very unhappy at the acts of cruelty that he saw on the streets of London, printed the pictures for moral learning. They were printed on cheap paper for poor people. The pictures are rougher and more violent than Hogarth's other works, which usually have touches of humor. He had felt he needed to do this to make people understand his message. However, the pictures still have the small, careful details that Hogarth is famous for.
History
Like most of his other prints, such as Beer Street and Gin Lane, Hogarth wanted The Four Stages of Cruelty to be a warning against cruel and evil acts, and that it was easy for a small bully to become a criminal. He wished to stop "that barbarous (mean) treatment of animals, the very sight of which renders (makes) the streets of our metropolis so distressing (terrible) to every feeling mind". Hogarth loved animals. When he painted a portrait of himself, he included his pug in the picture. He also marked the graves of his dogs and birds at his home in Chiswick.
Reception
Hogarth was pleased with his pictures. European Magazine reported that he said to a person who sold books named Mr. Sewell:
In his unfinished Apology for Painters he added:
In his 1817 book Shakespeare and His Times, Nathan Drake said that picture in the first plate changed the opinion of people about "throwing at cocks", and encouraged them to be firmer about stopping the people who did these things.
Some people, however, did not like the series very much. Charles Lamb said that the series were not as good as Hogarth's other works. Art historian Allan Cunningham also disliked the series:
References
1751
Animal rights
1750s works
Hohentengen am Hochrhein

Hohentengen am Hochrhein is a municipality in Waldshut in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany.
References