pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tino rangatiratanga

Tino rangatiratanga is a Maori language term that means "absolute sovereignty." Sovereignty means absolute power to rule something without someone else interfering. In this case, it refers to the ability of the Maori people (the indigenous people of New Zealand) to rule themselves and be recognized as the owners of the land. "Tino rangatiratanga" shows up in the Maori version of the Treaty of Waitangi, which they signed with the British in 1840. They were promised that they would have tino rangatiratanga forever in the treaty. However, this concept was not respected since the British colonizers took a lot of things from the Maori people. To this day, people in New Zealand do not agree on what "tino rangatiratanga" means or what kind of things it is supposed to cover.
Origin
A rangatira is a chief in the Maori culture. The suffix -tanga is added so rangatiratanga refers to the qualities of being a chief. "Tino" is a Maori word that means "most" or "absolute." So by using this term, the British were allowing Maori chiefs to have complete control and allow them to use their powers as chiefs.
Some people think that the term can be used to describe self-determination, autonomy, or Maori independence.
Here are the meaning of the terms from an online Maori dictionary:
Tino: absolute ... used before a noun to indicate something is unrivaled or is true or genuine.
Rangatiratanga: kingdom, realm, sovereignty, principality, self-determination, self-management.
Treaty
There is a lot of confusion about the Treaty of Waitangi because Articles 1 and 2 in the treaty say different things.
According to the Maori version of the treaty, Article 1 is talking about kawanatanga (governorship) while Article 2 is talking about tino rangatiratanga (absolute chieftainship). To them, these are two totally different concepts. Therefore, they believe that they never gave away their land rights and ability to rule themselves. In fact, a tribunal that was created to focus on the Treaty of Waitangi said that the Maori can never give up those rights and never did.
Flag
There is a Tino rangatiratanga flag that is used to represent the Maori people. It is red, white, and black. It was designed by Maori artists Hiraina Marsden, Jan Smith and Linda Munn in 1990 as part of a contest.
A woman named Poua Erstich came up with the meaning for the flag. The red represents the sky, the black is earth, and the white is light separating the sky and earth. The flag is supposed to show the Maori story of how the world was created.
This flag is flown next to the flag of New Zealand to show people that the land still belongs to the Maori. Sometimes, this flag is used in protests to show how certain issues are affecting Maori.
References
Maori politics
Avirey-Lingey

Avirey-Lingey is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Avirey-Lingey
Rex Cawley

Warren Jay "Rex" Cawley (July 6, 1940 - January 2022) was an American athlete. He won a gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He competed at the 400 m hurdles in 1964. Cawley was born in Highland Park, Michigan.
Cawley died in January 2022 at the age of 81.
References
1940 births
2022 deaths
American Olympic gold medalists
American hurdlers
Sportspeople from Michigan
Flag of Illinois

The flag of Illinois was adopted in 1915. The flag has the state seal of Illinois surrounded by white. This original design was changed in 1961 to add the name of the state at the bottom of the flag.
Illinois
Flag
Valery Larbaud

Valery Larbaud (29 August 1881 - 2 February 1957) was a French writer, poet, and translator.
Larbaud's most famous book is Fermina Marquez. It came out in 1911. It is about a beautiful girl's visit to a boys boarding school.
Larbaud is well-known for translating important writing in English into French. He translated work by Sir Thomas Browne, the English novelist Samuel Butler, the U.S. poet Walt Whitman, and James Joyce.
Books
Poemes par un riche amateur (1908) as A.O. Barnabooth.
Fermina Marquez (1911)
A.O. Barnabooth (1913)
Enfantines (1918)
Beaute, mon beau souci (1920)
Amants, heureux amants (1923)
Mon plus secret conseil... (1923)
Ce Vice impuni, la lecture : domaine anglais (1925)
Jaune bleu blanc (1927)
Aux couleurs de Rome (1938)
Ce Vice impuni, la lecture : domaine francais (1941)
Sous l'invocation de saint Jerome (1946)
Chez Chesterton
Ode a une blanchisseuse
References
1881 births
1957 deaths
French poets
French novelists
IPad (3rd generation)

The third generation iPad (sold as The new iPad, sometimes called the iPad 3) is a tablet computer that is made and sold by Apple Inc. It added new features, such as a Retina display, a new Apple A5X processor, a 5 megapixel camera, 1080p video recording, and support for LTE networks in North America.
References
IPad
Tablets released in 2012
Apple products released in 2012
Newport, Pennsylvania

Newport is a borough in Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2010 census, the borough had a population of 1,574.
References
Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Kenneth Gärdestad

John Charles Kenneth Gardestad (9 May 1948 - 3 March 2018) was a Swedish lyricist. He was known for writing lyrics for the songs of his brother, Ted Gardestad. He was head architect at Kunskapsskolan. He designed several of their schools in Sweden and abroad.
Gardestad won Melodifestivalen 1979 as a songwriter for the song "Satellit" performed by his brother the singer. He was born in Sollentuna, Sweden.
Gardestad died on 3 March 2018, in Stockholm of pneumonia caused by influenza while suffering from skin cancer and lymphoma at the age of 69.
References
2018 deaths
1948 births
Swedish songwriters
Architects
Army of the Mississippi

Army of the Mississippi was the name given to two Union armies during the American Civil War. Both operated around the Mississippi River and both were active for only a short time.
First use
The first army was created on February 23, 1862. It was commanded by Major general John Pope. Pope's orders were to clear Confederate troops along the Mississippi River so the Union army could move through the area. On February 28, 1862, General Pope began to move against New Madrid, Missouri. The Army then fought at the Battle of Island Number Ten. The army next fought at the Siege of Corinth. After the capture of Corinth Pope was sent east to command the Army of Virginia. Major general William S. Rosecrans assumed command of the Army of the Mississippi. The army fought at the Battle of Iuka followed by the Second Battle of Corinth. His commanding officer, Ulysses S. Grant, was unhappy with his failure to go after the retreating Confederates after the Battle of Corinth. In October, 1862, Rosecrans was transferred to command the Army of the Ohio and the Army of the Mississippi was disbanded.
Second use
In 1863 Major general John Alexander McClernand was put in command of the expedition against the Confederates down the Mississippi. He was given command of two corps from the Army of the Tennessee. McClernand named his force the "Army of the Mississippi". McClernand was successful in capturing Arkansas Post but he acted without orders. On January 30, 1863, Grant personally took command of the army. The old XIII Corps and XV Corps were returned to the Army of the Tennessee on January 12, 1863.
References
Union Army
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a chemical formed from atoms of different chemical elements. The different atoms are joined by chemical bonds. Each compound has a fixed ratio between the elements.
The elements stick together so strongly that the compound behaves like it is one substance. The chemical that is made depends upon what atoms it is made of and how they are joined together.
Many compounds are made of separate molecules. Each molecule has the exact same number and types of atoms. For example, every water molecule has one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Other compounds are made of a large network of atoms. For example, sodium chloride always has equal numbers of sodium and chlorine atoms, but there are no separate molecules.
Chemical compounds can be solids like sodium chloride, liquids like water, or gases like carbon dioxide. We get compounds from natural sources such as plants or make them in laboratories. Compounds can be made from others by scientists and these are called synthetic chemicals.
When different compounds are mixed together they may have a chemical reaction.
Some chemical compounds can be dangerous but are safe if they are used the right way. Most dangerous chemicals are only used by scientists who have had special training in how to handle and use them. These chemicals might be poisonous, corrosive, explosive, they may catch fire easily, or they may react with other substances.
People who work in factories near chemicals often wear special clothes that stop the chemicals from hurting their body.
References
David Binder (journalist)

David Binder (February 22, 1931 - June 30, 2019) was an American journalist, author and lecturer. He was born in London. He worked in Washington, D.C. and Berlin. He was a journalist for The New York Times from 1961 to 2004. He reported on political events related to the Cold War on Eastern and Western Europe, the Soviet Union, the United States, Cuba and Puerto Rico. He served was a foreign correspondent in 1961 in Berlin.
Binder died in Evanston, Illinois from kidney disease on June 30, 2019 at the age of 88.
References
1931 births
2019 deaths
American political writers
Academics from Illinois
Journalists from London
Writers from Evanston, Illinois
Journalists from Illinois
Ladik Lake

Ladik Lake (; ) is a lake in Samsun Province, Asiatic Turkey. In Classical antiquity, it was called Stiphane, and was located in the northwestern part of Pontus, in the area called Phazemonitis. According to Strabo, the lake is rich in fish, and its shores have excellent pastures. The southern shore of Ladik Lake was the epicenter of the 7.8-8.0 1668 North Anatolia earthquake, which is the most powerful earthquake recorded in Turkey.
References
Other websites
Black Sea Region
Lakes of Asia
Synesthesia

Synesthesia, or synaesthesia, is a condition where the brain mixes up the senses. People who have synesthesia are called synesthetes.
Synesthesia is usually inherited (called congenital synesthesia), but exactly how people inherit it is unknown.
Synesthesia is sometimes reported by people using psychedelic drugs, after a stroke, or during an epileptic seizure. It is also reported to be a result of blindness or deafness. Synesthesia that comes from events unrelated to genes is called adventitious synesthesia. This synesthesia results from some drugs or a stroke but not blindness or deafness. It involves sound being linked to vision or touch being linked to hearing.
Synesthesia was investigated a lot in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but in the middle of the 20th century, it was less studied. Only recently has it been studied again in much detail.
Some musicians and composers have a form of synesthesia that allows them to "see" music as colors or shapes. This is called chromethesia. Mozart is said to have had this form of synesthesia. He said that the key of D major had a warm "orangey" sound to it, while B-flat minor was blackish. A major was a rainbow of colors to him. This may explain why he wrote some of his music using different colors for different music notes, and why much of his music is in major keys.
Another composer who had color-hearing was the Russian composer Alexander Scriabin. In 1907, he talked with another famous composer, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, who had synesthesia, and they both found that some musical notes made them think of certain colors. Scriabin worked with a man named Alexander Mozer who made a color organ.
Experiences
The same type of synesthesia may have different effects (pronounced and less pronounced) on different people.
Synesthetes often say that they did not know their experiences were unusual until they found out that other people did not have them. Others report feeling as if they had been keeping a secret their entire lives. Most synesthetes consider their experiences a gift--a "hidden" sense. Most synesthetes find out in their childhood that they have synethesia. Some learn to apply it in daily life and work. For example, they might use their gift to memorize names and telephone numbers or do mental arithmetic. Many people with synesthesia use their experiences to help them be more creative, for example, in making drawings and music.
More than 60 types of synesthesia have been reported, but only a small number have been studied by scientists.
Some common types of synthesia include:
Grapheme-color synesthesia: Letters or numbers are seen to have colors of their own.
Ordinal linguistic personification: Numbers, days of the week, and months of the year are felt to have their own personalities.
Spatial-sequence: Numbers, months of the year, and/or days of the week are located in specific places in space. For example, 1980 may be "farther away" than 1990. Or a year may be seen three-dimensionally as a map.
Visual motion - sound synesthesia: Hearing sounds in response to seeing motion.
References
Sensory system
Perception
Klute

Klute is a 1971 American mystery thriller movie directed by Alan J. Pakula. It is set in New York City. It stars Donald Sutherland, Jane Fonda, Charles Cioffi, Lee Wallace, Sylvester Stallone, Jean Stapleton, and Roy Scheider. It was released on June 25, 1971. Fonda won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for her role.
Other websites
1970s mystery movies
1971 mystery movies
1971 thriller movies
Academy Award winning movies
American mystery movies
American thriller movies
1970s English-language movies
Film noir
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about prostitution
Movies set in New York City
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Alan J. Pakula
East Machias, Maine

East Machias is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Chase & Status

Chase & Status are an electronic production duo from London consisting of Saul "Chase" Milton and Will "Status" Kennard.
History
2006-2009: Debut album
Chase & Status have had three number one tracks on the UK Dance Chart in 2007 with the double A-side "Hurt You"/"Sell Me Your Soul", and in 2008 with "Take Me Away"/"Judgement (Informer)". On 5 October 2008, they reached number 70 on the national singles chart and number one on the UK Dance Chart again with their single "Pieces" with vocals by Plan B. In 2009, they made number 45 with "Against All Odds" which had UK rapper Kano on vocals.
Chase & Status' first album, More Than Alot, debuted in the UK album charts at number 49 on 19 October 2008 and entered the UK dance album chart at number 2.
Their album More Than Alot received the Best Album Award at the 2009 Drum and Bass awards, Birmingham, UK.
2009-present: No More Idols
Following the success of their last album the band wanted to gain a more global success. After meeting with a long time favourite of theirs, Cloud9, they decided to move in a different direction. Together they agreed that the band should do more pop collaborations in order to achieve a more better fanbase. Soon afterwards they quickly began working on the album. On 8 November 2009, the duo entered the UK Top 40 for the first time with the track "End Credits". The track was released on 2 November 2009 and featuring British musician Plan B managed to reach a peak of number 9 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was written for the movie Harry Brown, which also starred Ben Drew, aka. Plan B.
The duo then released "Let You Go" on 15 August 2010, revealing it to be the second official single to be released from their second studio album, named No More Idols according to posters outside their album launch show at the HMV Forum in Kentish Town on October 21. The single had vocals from Mali and debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 11; marking the duo's second Top 40 hit in a row. "Hypest Hype" featuring Tempa T was confirmed in October 2010 to be the third single from the album and was released as a free download from their website on 8 November 2010; meaning it did not qualify to chart. The fourth single from the album is the dubstep-flavoured Blind Faith, which features Nottingham-born soul singer/songwriter Liam Bailey was released on January 24, 2011. The new album also contains a new single 'Heavy' with Dizzee Rascal.
References
2010s music groups
British DJs
British record producers
Grime music artists
Hip hop bands
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups from London
Franjo Mihalić

Franjo Mihalic (; March 9, 1920 - February 14, 2015) was a Croatian Yugoslav long-distance runner. He was best known for his 1958 win at the Boston Marathon and his marathon silver medal in the 1956 Summer Olympics.
1920 births
2015 deaths
Yugoslavian athletes
Yugoslavian Olympic silver medalists
Long-distance runners
College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan

The College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, or CPSP is a regulatory college which acts as a national, nonprofit organization established in 1962 to regulate the medical education of specialists in Pakistan. CPSP offers certification following postgraduate training in specialties of medicine, surgery and dentistry.
References
Medical education in Pakistan
Colleges and universities in Lahore
Mario Kart Tour

Mario Kart Tour is a mobile game in the Mario Kart series. Like Super Mario Run, it is free to download from the App Store and Google Play. The game reuses many assets from Mario Kart 7 and Mario Kart 8, as well as gameplay mechanics such as gliding, underwater driving, character-specific and unique items. In addition, the game introduces some new features to the Mario Kart franchise, such as reversed courses, trick courses, and the ability to deploy a large amount of any item during a race, including blue or red shells and bullet bills.
The game was first announced during a briefing on January 31, 2018. On April 23, 2019, Nintendo opened applications for participating in a beta test of the game to Android users in North America and Japan, which began on May 22, 2019, and ended on June 4, 2019. The game officially launched for iOS, iPadOS, and Android devices on September 25, 2019, in 163 territories. Users who pre-registered acquired the game a day early. A Nintendo account is required for it to be playable.
On October 31, 2019, Nintendo announced the first multiplayer beta test exclusive to Gold Pass members, which began on December 18th, 2019 at 11:00 p.m. (PT) and ended on December 26th, 2019 at 9:59 p.m. (PT). On January 21, 2020, Nintendo announced a second multiplayer beta test for all players, regardless of whether they have a Gold Pass subscription or not, which began on January 22, 2020, at 11:00 p.m. (PT) and ended on January 28, 2020, at 9:59 p.m. (PT). The second multiplayer beta test allowed players to play with each other in their immediate vicinity based on their device's location data. Finally, on March 2, 2020, Nintendo announced that multiplayer would officially be implemented into the game on March 8, 2020 at 8:00 p.m. (PT).
References
Mobile games
IRC −10414

IRC-10414 is a Red hyper giant star and is one of the largest stars known. It is not well known because IRC's and IRAS's are not very popular. If you placed it in the Solar system, It would engulf the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and dwarf planet Ceres. However, IRC 10414 is a bit tiny compared to larger stars such as WOH G64, VY Canis Majoris and UY Scuti. It is still a big honking star. It is approximately 1,000 times bigger than our own Star, The Sun. It is not likely that it has planets, But another large star, VV Cephei, has a smaller companion, so there is a small chance IRC-10414 has a smaller companion. However, scientists have not found a single binary orbiting this huge star. If you want to learn about more large Stars, check out the List of Largest Stars page.
Hypergiants
Saint-Christophe, Aosta Valley

Saint-Christophe is a comune in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Valle d'Aosta
British Rail Class 70

The British Rail class 70 was a class of three 3rd rail Co-Co electric locomotives. The initial two were built by the Southern Railway at Ashford Works in 1941 and 1945 and were numbered CC1 and CC2. Electrical equipment was designed by Alfred Raworth and the body by Oliver Bulleid. CC2 was modified slightly from the original design by C. M. Cock who had succeeded Raworth as Electrical Engineer. The third was built by British Railways in 1948 and numbered 20003.
70
Alaska Interior

The Alaska Interior covers most of the U.S. state's territory. It is largely wilderness. Mountains include Mount McKinley (Denali) in the Alaska Range, the Wrangell Mountains, and the Ray Mountains.
The largest city in the interior is Fairbanks, which is Alaska's second-largest city. Other towns include North Pole, Eagle, Tok, Glennallen, Delta Junction, Nenana, Anderson, Healy and Cantwell.
Climate
Temperatures in Interior Alaska change a lot between the seasons. Winter temperatures in Fairbanks are usually around -12 degF (-24 degC) and summer temperatures are around 62 degF (17 degC). Temperatures there can get as low as -65 degF (-54 degC) in mid-winter, and as high as 99 degF (37 degC) in summer. Both the highest and lowest temperature records for the state were set in the Interior, with 100 degF (38 degC) in Fort Yukon and -80 degF (-64 degC) in Prospect Creek. Temperatures within a given winter can ghange a lot also. Long cold snaps can be followed by sudden warmth with temperatures above freezing. this is because of changes in the wind.
Summers can be warm and dry for a long time. This can make it easy for wildfires to start. Weak thunderstorms can produce lightning that starts a fire. These fires are often left to burn if they are far away from where people live. The 2004 season had the most fires. Over were burned.
The average annual precipitation in Fairbanks is 11.3 inches (28.7 cm). Most of this is snow during the winter. Most storms in the interior of Alaska originate in the Gulf of Alaska. Most of these storms are blocked or weakened by passing over the mountains.
The months from May to July in the summer have no darkness at night. They only have a twilight during the night hours. The months of November to January are the other way around. They have little daylight. It is light for about 21 hours every day between May 10 and August 2. It is light less than four hours each day between November 18 and January 24. On clear winter nights, the aurora borealis, or "Northern lights" can often be seen dancing in the sky.
A lot of the ground in the Interior has permafrost, meaning that there is a layer of soil that is always frozen.
References
Geography of Alaska
Haverhill

Haverhill is a town in St Edmundsbury, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 22,010 people living in Haverhill.
References
Towns in Suffolk
Sahil (Baku Metro)

Sahil is a Baku Metro station. It was opened on 6 November 1967.
See also
List of Baku metro stations
References
Baku Metro stations
1967 establishments in Asia
1967 establishments in Europe
Gaza mon amour

Gaza mon amour () is a 2020 Palestinian French German Qatari Portuguese drama movie directed by Tarzan Nasser and Arab Nasser. It stars Salim Daw, Hiam Abbass, Rukkmini Ghosh.
Other websites
2020 drama movies
Palestinian movies
French drama movies
German drama movies
Qatari movies
Portuguese movies
Ulverston

Ulverston is a town on the A590 road, in Cumbria, England.
Towns in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Scepter

A scepter is an ornamented wooden staff carried by rulers. A sceptre is used on ceremonial occasions as a symbol of sovereignty.
Royalty and nobility
Jesse McCartney

Jesse McCartney (born April 9, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter, and actor. He is known for his work in All My Children as JR Chandler. He was also part of the boy band Dream Street.
McCartney also is known for voicing Theodore in Alvin and the Chipmunks and Roxas in Kingdom Hearts.
References
1987 births
Living people
American pop singers
American rock singers
American R&B singers
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Singer-songwriters from New York City
Actors from New York City
Enugu State

Enugu is one of the 36 states of Nigeria. The capital is Enugu.
States of Nigeria
Flag of Nauru

The flag of Nauru was created in 1968.
Appearance
It is a blue field with the thin yellow narrow horizontal stripe across in the center and the large white twelve-pointed star on the bottom of the stripe and near the hoist-side.
Nauru
Nauru
Méteren

Meteren is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,307 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

Gustav II Adolf (9 December 1594 - 6 November 1632, O.S.) was the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632. He is known in English as Gustavus Adolphus.
He is often said to have made Sweden a great power. (). He is also said to be one of the best military leaders of all time. Gustav led Sweden to be a military power during the Thirty Years' War and spent most of his reign fighting.
Life
Gustavus Adolphus was born in Stockholm. His parents were Charles IX of Sweden and his second wife, Christina of Holstein-Gottorp. When his father died in October 1611, while Gustavus was only 16 years old, he became King of Sweden.
Gustavus married Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg. Their daughter Christina later became Queen of Sweden.
In June 1630 he landed in Germany, starting the Swedish fight in the Thirty Year's War on the Anti-Imperial Protestant side, which was losing at the time. With Sweden's help the situation flipped so that the Protestants were winning.
Gustavus died in the Battle of Lutzen in 1632 while leading a cavalry attack.
Gustavus Adolphus Day
Gustavus Adolphus Day is on 6 November. Every year it is celebrated in Sweden, Estonia and Finland. On this day only, a special pastry is sold that has a chocolate or marzipan medallion of the king.
Gustav 02 Adolphus of Sweden
1594 births
1632 deaths
People from Stockholm
Dice

Dice are objects used in games when something random needs to be done, such as moving a game piece a random number of places on a board. Most dice are cubes that have the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 on the faces. Dice are sometimes made in other polyhedral shapes than cubes, but the six-sided die (die is the singular of "dice") is the most common. A die is usually rolled by the player's hand. When adding together opposite sides of typical cubical dice, the sum is always 7.
Some games are played with two or more dice and some use only one. Some games that use dice are Monopoly, Yahtzee, Risk, and many more.
Weights can be put inside a die to make it only land on a certain number once it is rolled. This is sometimes used as a way of cheating.
Types of dice
There are many different types of dice. Some dice have different numbers of sides. These are called polyhedral dice. They are used in some games like Dungeons & Dragons.
Some dice do not have numbers on them at all. Instead, they have letters, pictures, or other symbols on them. Some games use these when they need something random that is not a number. For example, some word games use dice with letters to give the players random letters they have to use in the game.
Related pages
Alea iacta est
Baby Blue (Badfinger song)

"Baby Blue" is a 1972 song by Welsh rock band Badfinger. It is from their fourth studio album Straight Up. It went to number 3 in Malaysia, number 7 in Canada, number 9 in the United States, number 14 in Sweden and the United States, number 16 in Australia, number 18 in South Africa, number 30 in Germany, number 35 in Ireland and number 73 in the United Kingdom. It was used in series finale of Breaking Bad.
References
1972 songs
Badfinger songs
Power pop songs
Urbeis

Urbeis is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France. It used to be an important business centre of silver mines.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
French Executive Commission (1848)

The Executive Commission of 1848 was a short-lived government during the French Second Republic. It was chaired by Francois Arago. It lasted from 9 May 1848 to 24 June 1848. It replaced the Provisional Government of 1848 and was in turn replaced by the Cabinet of General Cavaignac.
The members of the Commission acted as joint head of state.
References
Government of France
1848 establishments
Iranian Azeris

The Iranian Azeris (Azeri: yrn adhrbyjnlylry; Persian: yrnyn adhrbyjn), also known as Iranian Azerbaijanis or Persian Azeris, are Iranians of Azerbaijani ethnicity.
Iranian Azerbaijanis are a Turkic-speaking people of mostly Iranian origin and Azerbaijani language described as aTurkic language learned and spoken by Iranian peasants. Genetic studies have also shown that gene and language are not related, that Azerbaijanis do not have a significantly high Turkic genetic heritage, no close genetic relationship was observed between Azeris of Iran and the people of Turkey or Central Asians and that there is no significant difference between them and the other major ethnic groups of Iran.
History
Ancient age
In the Achaemenid period Azerbaijan was part of the satrapy of Media. When the Achaemenid empire collapsed, Atropates, the Persian satrap of Media, made himself independent in the northwest of this region in 321 B.C. Thereafter Greek and Latin writers named the territory Media Atropatene or, less frequently, Media Minor. The Middle Persian form of the name was (early) Aturpatakan, (later) Adurbadagan whence the New Persian Adarbayjan.
Medieval age
The Safavids, emerged in the Ardabil region of Iranian Azerbaijan and continued their existence until 1722/1736 by capturing all of Iranian Azerbaijan. The Safavids reasserted the Iranian identity of the region and established an independent Iranian state. It is estimated that the Safavid dynasty was partly or wholly of Kurdish origin.
Later, Iranian Azerbaijan fell into the hands of Pahlavis in 1925. The Azerbaijan People's Government was founded in 1945 but was overthrown by the Pahlavis in 1946.
With the 1979 Iranian Islamic revolution, Iranian Azerbaijan became a part of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has survived to the present day.
References
Sources
Azerbaijani people
Ethnic groups in Iran
TWA Flight 800

Trans World Airlines Flight 800 (TWA 800) was a scheduled flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport to Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport on July 17, 1996. The aircraft was a Boeing 747-100. The plane exploded just 12 minutes after takeoff. It crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York. The cause was determined to be a spark that ignited the center wing fuel tank. None of the 230 people onboard survived. It remains the third-deadliest aviation accident in U.S. history.
Passengers and Crew
Most of the 230 occupants on-board were from the United States, but 42 more came from France, 10 from Argentina, and 60 more from sixteen other countries.
The pilots on board TWA Flight 800 were Captain Ralph G. Kevorkian, Co-pilot Steven E. Snyder and Flight Engineer Richard G. Campbell. All had more than 30 years employment with Trans World Airlines. There was also a Flight Engineer Trainee on board Oliver Krick, who was starting the sixth leg of his initial operating experience training.
References
Other websites
The Crash of TWA Flight 800; YouTube
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States
Aviation accidents and incidents in the 1990s
1996 in New York (state)
Conspiracy theories
Villedieu, Vaucluse

Villedieu is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Communes in Vaucluse
Billund

Billund is a town in Jutland, Denmark. In 2021, 6,643 people lived there.
The toy company Lego has its main office in Billund. It is also the site of a theme park Legoland and Billund Airport which is the second largest airport in Denmark.
References
Other websites
Towns in Denmark
Region of Southern Denmark
Christian Tumi

Christian Wiyghan Tumi (15 October 1930 - 2 April 2021) was a Cameroonian Cardinal Priest and the Archbishop Emeritus of Douala in the Catholic Church. Tumi is known as Santi Martiri dell'Uganda a Poggio Ameno. He was made cardinal on 28 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II, Cardinal Tumi was named the Archbishop of Douala on 31 August 1991.
Tumi died on 2 April 2021, aged 90.
References
1930 births
2021 deaths
Cameroonian Roman Catholic priests
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Rollinsford, New Hampshire

Rollinsford is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, 2,527 people lived there.
Other websites
Town of Rollinsford official website
New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile
Towns in New Hampshire
1840s establishments in North America
Pitch (music)

In music, the pitch of a note means how high or low the note sounds. For example, a violin usually has a higher pitch than a string bass. Pitch mostly depends on the frequency of the sound -- how fast the air vibrates back and forth. In physics, frequency is measured in a unit called Hertz. A note that is vibrating at 261 Hz will be caused by sound waves that vibrate at 261 times a second. This will be Middle C on the piano.
Not all musical instruments make notes of a certain pitch. Many percussion instruments like drums, triangles and cymbals are instruments used for rhythms. They do not play tunes because they have no definite pitch (although often a definite pitch can just be heard when listening carefully.)
Some musicians have a sense of absolute pitch or perfect pitch. This means that they always know what note is being played, even without comparing it to another note. Having a sense of absolute pitch does not necessarily make someone a good musician, although it can be very useful.
There is evidence to suggest that well-known composers of classical music, such as Haydn, Beethoven, Mozart, and Bach, had developed and perhaps even mastered their sense of pitch.
Pitch is not exactly the same as frequency. Frequency is used as a scientific means for measuring and changing sound and its possible pitches. Pitch is a more psychological quality. It depends on how the ear perceives sounds, and how the brain interprets them.
Related pages
note (music)
musical notation
scale (music)
wave (physics)
Other websites
Pitch (music) Citizendium
Sound
Musical terminology
Tuesday Weld

Tuesday Weld (born August 27 1943) was an American movie and television actress. She began her acting career as a child. She has acted in many television programs and movies.
Weld was born Susan Ker Weld in New York City. After her father died, her mother put her to work as a child model. Weld's first acting job was on television at age 12. She was in a movie the same year with a small role in the 1956 Alfred Hitchcock crime drama, The Wrong Man. The pressures of her career, however, resulted in a nervous breakdown at age nine, alcoholism by age 12, and a suicide attempt around the same time.
Weld's mother did not like her teenage daughter's affairs with older men, such as actor John Ireland. In 1961, she had an off-screen romance with Elvis Presley, her costar in Wild in the Country.
Personal life
Weld has been married three times.
She was married to screenwriter Claude Harz, from 1965 until their divorce in 1971. They had a daughter, Natasha, in 1966.
She married British actor, musician, and comedian Dudley Moore in 1975. In 1976 they had a son, Patrick. He is now an actor, director, and editor. They divorced in 1980. In 1985 she married Israeli concert violinist and conductor Pinchas Zukerman. They divorced in 1998.
Filmography
References
Living people
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
1943 births
James Mayer de Rothschild

James Mayer de Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (15 May 1792 - 15 November 1868), born Jakob Mayer Rothschild, was a German-French banker. He was the founder of the French branch of the Rothschild family.
References
1792 births
1868 deaths
French philanthropists
French bankers
German bankers
German philanthropists
Legion of Honour
French Jews
German Jews
Rothschild family
Walter Brennan

Walter Andrew Brennan (July 25, 1894 - September 21, 1974) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. He was in the TV series The Real McCoys. He is tied with Jack Nicholson for the actor winning the most Academy Awards.
Brennan was born in Lynn, Massachusetts on July 25, 1894 and studied at Rindge Technical High School. He was married to Ruth Wells from 1920 until his death in 1974, they had three children. He died on September 21, 1974 in Oxnard, California from emphysema, aged 80.
References
Other websites
1894 births
1974 deaths
Deaths from emphysema
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Television personalities from Massachusetts
American radio personalities
Singers from Massachusetts
Actors from Massachusetts
Academy Award winning actors
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam

Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, also known as Republic of South Vietnam or PRG was a former country that existed in Asia from 1969 to 1976. It was established on 6 June, 1969 with the support of North Vietnam and Viet Cong. The PRG existed as an underground government to the Republic of Vietnam until 1975. On 30 April, 1975, following the surrender of the government of Republic of Vietnam, the PRG officially became the government of Southern Vietnam. From then, it existed as an puppet state of North Vietnam. On 2 July, 1976, the PRG merged with North Vietnam to create a new country - Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
Former countries in Asia
Vietnam War
20th century in Vietnam
Castiglion Fiorentino

Castiglion Fiorentino is an Italian town in Tuscany. It has about 13,000 inhabitants.
Towns in Tuscany
Chris Waddle

Chris Waddle is a former football player. He has played for England national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1980-81||rowspan="5"|Newcastle United||rowspan="4"|Second Division||13||1
|-
|1981-82||42||7
|-
|1982-83||37||7
|-
|1983-84||42||18
|-
|1984-85||First Division||36||13
|-
|1985-86||rowspan="4"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="4"|First Division||39||11
|-
|1986-87||39||6
|-
|1987-88||22||2
|-
|1988-89||38||14
|-
|1989-90||rowspan="3"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="3"|Division 1||37||9
|-
|1990-91||35||6
|-
|1991-92||35||7
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="4"|Sheffield Wednesday||rowspan="4"|Premier League||33||1
|-
|1993-94||19||3
|-
|1994-95||25||4
|-
|1995-96||32||2
|-
|1996-97||Falkirk||Division One||4||1
|-
|1996-97||Bradford City||First Division||26||5
|-
|1996-97||Sunderland||Premier League||7||1
|-
|1997-98||Burnley||Second Division||32||1
|-
|1998-99||Torquay United||Third Division||7||0
489||96
107||22
4||1
600||119
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1985||11||1
|-
|1986||12||2
|-
|1987||6||1
|-
|1988||9||0
|-
|1989||10||2
|-
|1990||13||0
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
!Total||62||6
|}
References
1960 births
Living people
English footballers
Sportspeople from Tyne and Wear
Premier League players
Super Sentai Strongest Battle

4 Week Continuous Special Super Sentai Strongest Battle!! is a Japanese Tokusatsu minidrama (crossover special) based on Toei's long-running Super Sentai metaseries featuring cast members from past installments and acts as a prelude to the events of Kishiryu Sentai Ryusoulger. It aired from February 17, 2019, following the finale Kaitou Sentai Lupinranger VS Keisatsu Sentai Patranger, until March 10, 2019, alongside Kamen Rider Zi-O in the Super Hero Time line-up on TV Asahi affiliate stations.
Plot
A mysterious girl named Rita invites members from the Super Sentai teams across history to Planet Nemesis. The heroes are told that any wish they desire will come true if they can win the "Super Sentai Strongest Battle" tournament, the 160 heroes divided into 32 teams of five to complete against each other to have their wishes granted while contending with the mysterious Gaisoulg who seeks worthy opponents to battle. The story follows the Oddball Team, composed of the Zyuohgers' Yamato Kazakiri, the of Gokaigers' Captain Marvelous, the Ninningers' Takaharu Igasaki, the Kyurangers' Stinger, and the ToQgers' Kagura as they fight other heroes for the prize while learning the secrets behind the tournament.
Cast
Yamato Kazakiri / Zyuoh Eagle: Masaki Nakao
Captain Marvelous / Gokai Red: Ryota Ozawa
Takaharu Igasaki / Akaninger: Shunsuke Nishikawa
Stinger / Sasori Orange: Yosuke Kishi
Kagura / ToQ Gogou: Ai Moritaka
Keiichiro Asaka / Patren 1 (1): Kousei Yuki
Eiji Takaoka / Bouken Silver (1): Masayuki Deai
Sosuke Esumi / Go-on Red (1): Yasuhisa Furuhara
Luka Millfy / Gokai Yellow (1, 3, 4): Mao Ichimichi
Kakeru Shishi / Gao Red (1, 2): Noboru Kaneko
Master Red (3, 4): Masaya Kikawada
Rita: Nana Asakawa
Gaisoulg (Voice), Akarenger (Voice), Narration: Tomokazu Seki
Introduction Voice: Shinichiro Ota
Voice Actors
Ryusoul Green: Yuito Obara
Ryusoul Black: Tatsuya Kishida
Doggie Kruger / Deka Master (1-3): Tetsu Inada
Ryuu Ranger (2, 3): Keiichi Wada
Ninja White (2): Satomi Hirose
Opening theme song
"Saikyo Saiko Super Stars!" ("Strongest and Best Super Stars!")
Lyrics: Shio Watanabe
Composition: Nobuo Yamada
Arrangement: Go Sakabe
Artist: NoB
Super Sentai series
2019 television series debuts
2019 television series endings
Canadair CL-215

The Canadair CL-215 is a Canadian sea plane dedicated to firefighting and air transport. It is a twin-engine aircraft. It is, and it was, used in Canada, France, Greece, Turkey, and USA. Bombardier CL-415 is a modernized variant.
Civil aircraft
Firefighting
Hadrian's Mausoleum

The Mausoleum of Hadrian, now known as Castel Sant'Angelo is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome.
It was commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family. The building was later used by the popes as a fortress and castle. It is now a museum. The structure was once the tallest building in Rome.
Buildings and structures in Rome
Châtelperron

Chatelperron is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Clapton railway station

Clapton railway station is on a suburban line operated by London Overground. It is located on Upper Clapton Road.
It links Upper Clapton to Liverpool Street in central London and Chingford.
Clapton is on a branch of the Lea Valley Lines. The branch separates into Tottenham Hale and St James Street. The line joins up with the Seven Sisters branch at Hackney Downs. Trains which call at Clapton do not serve the Tottenham Hale branch.
Clapton is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Travelcard Zone 3.
Regular trains to
Liverpool Street and
Chingford
References
Other websites
Railway stations in the London Borough of Hackney
London Travelcard zone 2
1873 establishments in England
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
London Travelcard zone 3
Setif, Algeria

Setif (Arabic: sTyf) is a town in northeastern Algeria. It is the capital of Setif Province and it has a population of 288,461 people as of the 2008 census. Setif is east of Algiers. It is the second most important Wilaya after the country's capital. The streets are lined with trees with a fountain and theater, giving the town a French feel.
History
Setifis (or Sitifis) was founded by the Romans, during the reign of Nerva, as a colony for veterans. Although no buildings of this period are known, a cemetery found in the 1960s seems to have contained tombs from the early colony.
Demography
The population is Chaoui, Kabyle and Arab in origin.
Twinning
Biskra
Rennes in 1982
Miami
Rio de Janeiro
Lyon
Los Angeles
Medina
References
Towns in Africa
1991 Azerbaijani independence referendum

An independence referendum was held in Azerbaijan on 29 December 1991, three days after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The result was 99.8% in favor, with turnout reported to be 95.3%.
Results
References
1990s in the Soviet Union
1991 in Azerbaijan
Politics of Azerbaijan
Chasing Pavements

"Chasing Pavements" is the Grammy Award-nominated second single by soul singer Adele, who performed the song on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross on December 7, 2007. It was released digitally in Ireland on 13 January 2008, and entered the Irish Singles Chart at number 26 through download sales alone. Having received a physical release, the single jumped nineteen places to number seven, where it peaked. On January 20, the single entered at number two in the UK Singles Chart in downloads alone.
On December 3, 2008, "Chasing Pavements" was nominated for Grammy Awards for Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.
It has also appeared in three episodes of Hollyoaks. The first was in a final scene of Hannah Ashworth's anorexia. The second was in an opening scene of the Charlie Dean custody battle. The third was in a scene showing Dominic Reilly reflecting on Tina McQueen talking to him, which aired on October 15.
"Chasing Pavements" was performed on Saturday Night Live on Saturday October 18, 2008, when Adele was the musical guest.
The single's B-side, "That's It. I Quit. I'm Movin' On.", is an acoustic version of a Sam Cooke song.
References
Adele songs
2008 songs
Mason Jewett Field Airport

Mason Jewett Field is a public airport in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is one mile (1.85 km) southeast of Mason, in Ingham County. The airport is owned and operated by the Capital Region Airport Authority. The airport covers . The elevation is above sea level. The airport has one asphalt runway. There is no scheduled commercial airline service.
History
On December 16, 1943, Arthur Jewett bought of land for the airport. In 1944, the runway was built. In 1949 lights were installed on the runway. In March 1977, the Capital Region Airport Authority purchased the airport from Arthur Jewett.
Related pages
Mason, Michigan
Capital Region International Airport
References
Notes
Bibliography
Smith, Bartlett. Mason Jewett Airport , Experimental Aircraft Association Chapter 55 Wingtips, eaa55.org, March 2001, retrieved 2010-Apr-22
Other websites
Mason Jewett Field , official site
Airports in the United States
Transport in Michigan
Buildings and structures in Michigan
Grono, Switzerland

Grono is a municipality of the district Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graubunden. On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Leggia and Verdabbio merged into the municipality of Grono.
References
Municipalities of Graubunden
Sarvestan

Sarvestan ( Sarvestan, "land of cedars"; sarv "cedar" (cypress) + estan; also Romanized as Sarvestan and Sarvistan) is a city and capital of Sarvestan County, Fars Province, Iran.
References
Cities in Iran
Fars Province
Berkley Bedell

Berkley Warren Bedell (March 5, 1921 - December 7, 2019) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Iowa. He served as representatives from 1975 to 1987. Bedell was a Democrat and supported Barack Obama in 2012. He was an active critic on Ronald Reagan during his presidency.
Bedell died in Naples, Florida on December 7, 2019 of a stroke-related problems, aged 98.
References
Other websites
1921 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Businesspeople from Iowa
United States representatives from Iowa
Democratic Party (United States) politicians