pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Nathuram Godse

Nathuram Vinayak Godse (, May 19, 1910 - November 15, 1949) was the man who assassinated Mahatma Gandhi.
Nathuram Godse was born at Baramati, Pune District, British India. His father was Vinayak Vaman Rao Godse, his mother was Lakshmi (Godavari before marriage). His father was a fifteen-rupee-a-month employee of the post office.
Godse's political career
Godse dropped out of high school and became an activist with the Hindu Mahasabha.
The Hindu Mahasabha had initially backed Gandhi's campaigns of civil disobedience against the British government.
But Godse and his mentors later rejected Gandhi. They felt that Gandhi was sacrificing Hindu interests in an effort to please Muslim groups. They blamed Gandhi for the Partition of India, which killed hundreds of thousands of people.
Killing of Mahatma Gandhi
Motive
The immediate motive for the assassination is usually ascribed to Gandhi's January 13, 1948 decision to fast to the death unless the Indian central government reversed a decision to withhold the transfer of 55 crore (550 million) rupees to the government of Pakistan. The transfer had been specified in the partition agreement, but the Indian government had refused to complete it, complaining of continued Pakistani rebel occupation of disputed parts of Kashmir.
The Indian government immediately reversed its decision to withhold the funds, which infuriated Godse and his fellow Hindu nationals.
The decision to assassinate Gandhi was taken by Godse alone. The Mahasabha resolutely denied all complicity, and Godse took full responsibility.
Attack
Godse assassinated Gandhi on January 30, 1948, approaching him during the evening prayer, bowing, and shot him three times at close range. Godse was convicted of murdering Gandhi, for which he was executed by hanging.
Other websites
Godse's deposition in court
A pro-Godse site with interviews and links
Time Magazine's Feb 2000 interview of Gopal Godse
Rediff's Jan 1998 interview of Gopal Godse
Article discussing pro-Godse play
Eyewitness to Gandhi assassination
Eyewitness gives VIDEO account of Gandhi Assassination
1910 births
1949 deaths
Assassins
Indian Hindus
Indian criminals
Indian activists
People executed by hanging
Pilgrimage

A pilgrimage is when people travel to a place of worship that is usually far away. They may have to go to a different city or country. Usually a pilgrimage is done for spiritual or religious reasons. The purpose of Christian pilgrimage was summarized by Pope Benedict XVI this way:
There are also non-religious pilgrimages; they include for example:
Seeing the Mausoleum of Vladimir Lenin on the Red Square in Moscow, or
Visiting the birthplace of Elvis Presley.
Related pages
Holy Land
World Youth Day
References
Religious behavior and experience
Religious places
Travel
Plant morphology

Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. Plant morphology is useful in the visual identification of plants.
References
Branches of botany
Excalibur

Excalibur is a legendary sword, in the mythology of Great Britain. It was owned by King Arthur. The sword and its name have become very widespread in popular culture, and are used in fiction and films. Excalibur is a symbol of divine kingship and great power.
History of the sword
The sword was obtained by the king with the advice of his wizard-adviser . But it was considered that there existed two Excalibur swords. The first was the one Merlin put into the stone and said that the throne will be taken by the one who will take the sword out of the stone.do it. The second Excalibur was the one to which Merlin took the King. The sword was located at a magical lake where the Lady of the Lake gave it to Arthur. The Excalibur was made by an elf. Later the sword was stolen by his sister and it was the time when the scabbard (sword coverage) was lost. In the battle of Camlann, Arthur was hurt, and he told Bedwyr (Griflet) to return the Excalibur to the lake.
One of the earliest names of King Arthur's sword was Caladfwlch. It is a Welsh word that comes from Calad-Bolg (Hard Lightning). Later it was changed to Caliburn by Geoffrey of Monmouth. And today we know it as Excalibur, due to French.
The legend of Excalibur is similar to the Irish hero, Cu Chulainn, who had a sword named Caladbolg; or to Norse Legend of Sigurd. All these swords were made by an elf. Sometimes he is named Wayland (Saxon myth); and Gofannon (Celtic myth).
Clarent is one of King Arthur's two mythic swords. The first is Excalibur, the sword of war, and the second Clarent, the sword of peace. The Clarent sword is less known because it was used for peaceful acts, whereas the Excalibur was well known because it was used to defend Camelot. But by the legend the Clarent Sword play a very important role. It was stolen by the traitor Mordred, who later used it against Arthur and cut him to death.
In some versions of the story of Excalibur, it is said that the sword was forged in dragon fire, though it is not commonly told of.
Other websites
Medieval European Armor
Arthurian legend
Mythological swords
Kramer, North Dakota

Kramer is a city in Bottineau County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 24 at the 2020 census. Kramer was founded in 1905.
References
Cities in North Dakota
Hideki Tōjō

Hideki Tojo (30 December 1884 - 23 December 1948) was the Prime Minister of Japan during most of World War 2.
Hideki Tojo was born on 30 December 1884 in Tokyo, Japan. He was the third son of a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army named Hidenori Tojo. Tojo had two older brothers but they died before he was born.
In 1909, he married a woman named Katsuko Ito and he had seven children with her: three sons and four daughters.
In the late 1930s, Hideki Tojo fought in the Second Sino-Japanese War, leading Japanese forces in occupied Manchuria. He returned to Tokyo in 1940 and held ministerial posts, where he urged an alliance with Germany and Italy against the Allied forces. Tojo became Prime Minister in 1941 and within two months ordered a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor planned by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. He followed it with a declaration of war against the United States, Britain, and the Netherlands.
After Japan surrendered, American troops went to arrest Tojo and surrounded his house. He shot himself four times in the chest, but missed and the bullets hit his stomach. Disarmed and with blood gushing out of his chest, Tojo began to talk. He said, "I am very sorry it is taking me so long to die. The Greater East Asia War was justified and righteous. I am very sorry for the nation and all the races of the Greater Asiatic powers. I wait for the righteous judgment of history. I wished to commit suicide but sometimes that fails."
After his injuries healed, the Allies found Tojo guilty of war crimes and hanged him in Tokyo on 23 December 1948.
References
Other websites
WW2DB: Hideki Tojo
1884 births
1948 deaths
Japanese generals
Military personnel of World War II
People executed by hanging
Politicians from Tokyo
Prime Ministers of Japan
Fascists
War criminals
World War II political leaders
Electoral district of Macquarie Fields

Macquarie Fields is an electoral district of New South Wales. It was created in 1988, abolished in 1991 and recreated in 1999.
Macquarie Fields is in Greater Western Sydney.
Election results
References
Macquarie Fields
Larry Sellers

Larry Sellers (October 2, 1949 - December 9, 2021) was an American actor. His best known role was Cloud Dancing in the television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman.
References
Other websites
Larry Sellers on Dr Quinn official homepage
1949 births
2021 deaths
Actors from Oklahoma
American television actors
Kannada

Kannada () is a language, and it is a script used for writing the language. Most people in the southern Indian state of Karnataka speak Kannada, and there are speakers in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala and Goa. There are some differences in the way Kannada is spoken in these places.There are about 44 million people who speak the language.It had been since 2nd Century.
Language profile
Kannada is a Dravidian language, which is a different language family from the Indo-European or Aryan languages of the north, such as Hindi but close to the other southern languages like Telugu. It has about 3000 years of written history. The first version is known as the Old Kannada script. By about 3000 it had morphed into the Kannada and Telugu scripts. Printing presses introduced by Christian missionaries at the beginning of the 19th century standardized the Kannada and Telugu scripts.
Script
The Kannada script is a type of writing system called an alphasyllabary. All consonants have a built-in vowel. Other vowels are indicated with diacritics, which appear next to the consonants. When they appear at the beginning of a syllable, vowels are written as separate letters. When consonants appear together without intervening vowels, the second consonant is written as a special joint symbol, usually below the first. The direction of writing: left to right in horizontal lines.
Literature
It has highest number of Janapeeta literary awards compared to any Indian language. Kannada had a huge boost during the Vijayanagar period. Shri Vinoba Bhave called "Kannada" script the "Queen of Kannada Scripts" not for all Language. "Vishwa Lipigala Raani".
References
Other websites
Kannada News
Kannada News
Kannada Newspaper
Online Kannada News
Dravidian languages
Languages of India
Star network

Star networks are one of the most common computer network topologies. In its simplest form, a star network consists of one central node, typically a switch or hub, which acts as a conduct to transmit messages. In star topology, every node (computer workstation or any other peripheral) is connected to a central node.
Computer networking
Deep Web

The Deep Web is the part of the World Wide Web you can not search on common search websites such as Google. The part you can search is called the Surface Web. The first person who used the term "Deep Web" was Mike Bergman, a computer scientist, in the year 2000.
Some people think that "darknet" and "Dark Web" are the same thing as Deep Web, but they are not. Let's explain what they mean:
A darknet is a type of computer network (this means a connection between many computers, such as the Internet) that is private or closed. It is sometimes difficult to access a darknet. You would need to know a password, use specific computer programs, change the configuration of your web browser and many other things, depending on what network you are trying to access. Tor is an example of a darknet used by many people.
The Dark Web is the part of the World Wide Web located in darknets. Since no darknet can be found by Google or any other search website, the entire Dark Web is also part of the Deep Web. Thus, the Dark Web exists inside the Deep Web but is not the same thing as it.
In common networks, the Internet Protocols (IPs) of all users are in most cases visible. The Internet Protocol is an important information that reveals, among other things, the location where the user is accessing the Internet from. In darknets, the IPs are hidden, invisible or very difficult to find. This makes many people access darknets because they do not want the others to know this information about them, such as where they are. In other words, they access darknets to have privacy.
There are many reasons people want privacy in the Internet. One of them is to do things forbidden by governments, such as piracy (which means sharing files protected by copyright laws).
References
Internet
Benjamin Hornigold

Benjamin Hornigold (1680-1719) was a pirate. He was Edward Teach's captain. He was also a friend of Oliver Levasseur, a French pirate from Calais.
References
Pirates
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Kaviyoor

Kaviyoor is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India.
Language
Malayalam is the native language of Kaviyoor.
Politics
Kaviyoor is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency.
Weather
The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year.
Transportation
The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC).
References
Villages in Pathanamthitta district
BC Budivelnyk

BC Budivelnyk Kyiv - is a Ukrainian basketball team. It was founded in 1945.
Major Trophies
Ukrainian SuperLeague (9):
Gold - 1992, 1997, 2011, 2013, 2014
Silver - 1998, 2010
Bronze - 1999
Ukrainian Cup (3):
Winner - 2012, 2014, 2015
Famous Players
Oleksandr Bilostinny
Oleksandr Volkov
Anatoliy Polyvoda
Serhiy Kovalenko
Maceo Baston
Malcolm Delaney
Khalid El-Amin
Leo Lyons
Other websites
Basketball teams
Organizations based in Ukraine
Jeffrey Mass

Jeffrey Paul Mass (June 29, 1940 - March 30, 2001) was an American academic, historian, author and Japanologist. He was Yamato Ichihashi Professor of Japanese History at Stanford University.
Early life
Mass was born in New York City in 1940. He earned a BA degree in history from Hamilton College in 1961. He received his PhD. in history from Yale University in 1971.
Career
Mass joined the Stanford University faculty in 1973. He became a full professor in 1981.
Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Mass, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 30+ works in 110+ publications in 3 languages and 5,000+ library holdings.
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Warrior government in early medieval Japan: a study of the Kamakura Bakufu, shugo and jito, 1974
The Kamakura bakufu: a study in documents, 1976
The development of Kamakura rule, 1180-1250: a history with documents, 1979
Court and Bakufu in Japan: essays in Kamakura history, 1982
The Bakufu in Japanese history, 1985
Lordship and inheritance in Early Medieval Japan: a study of the Kamakura Soryo system, 1989
Antiquity and anachronism in Japanese history, 1992
The origins of Japan's medieval world: courtiers, clerics, warriors, and peasants in the fourteenth century, 1997
Yoritomo and the founding of the first Bakufu: the origins of dual government in Japan, 1999
References
Other websites
Mass, Jeffrey P., 1940-2001 at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Jeffrey P. Mass, 1940-2001 at MeijiGakuin.ac.jp
1940 births
2001 deaths
American historians
Japanologists
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, California

Scripps Ranch is a suburb of San Diego, California. It is home to the EW Scripps mansion.
Buildings and structures in San Diego, California
The Last of the High Kings

The Last of the High Kings is a 1996 Irish Danish British comedy-drama movie directed by David Keating and starring Jared Leto, Christina Ricci, Catherine O'Hara, Gabriel Byrne, Stephen Rea, Colm Meaney, Lorraine Pilkington, Emily Mortimer, Jason Barry.
Other websites
The Last of the High Kings at YouTube
1996 comedy-drama movies
Irish comedy movies
Irish drama movies
Danish comedy movies
Danish drama movies
British comedy-drama movies
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in Dublin
Myanmar national football team

Myanmar national football team represents Myanmar in soccer.
References
Asian national football teams
Haßberge (district)

Hassberge is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany.
The district was made in 1972 by merging the districts of Hassfurt, Ebern and Hofheim.
Towns and municipalities
References
Other websites
Official website (German)
Districts of Bavaria
Dave Laing

David William "Dave" Laing (9 January 1947 - 7 January 2019) was an English writer, editor, and broadcaster. Laing was editor of the monthly British music magazine Let It Rock from October 1972 to October 1973.
He co-authored, with Phil Hardy, The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music (1995), and co-wrote, with Sarah Davis, The Guerrilla Guide to the Music Business (2001). He is also an editor of the Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World.
Laing also worked for The Guardian during his final years.
Laing died on 7 January 2019 at the age of 71.
References
1947 births
2019 deaths
British journalists
British historians
Kloten

Kloten (Swiss German: Chloote) is a city in the district of Bulach in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. It is the nearest village to Zurich Airport. The ice hockey club EHC Kloten has a stadium in the town.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Zurich
Cities in Switzerland
Elliott Highway

The Elliot Highway is a highway in the U.S. state of Alaska and runs for 152 miles (245 km) from Fox, located about 10 miles (16 km) north of Fairbanks, to Manley Hot Springs.
References
Roads in Alaska
Henry Kissinger

Henry Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger on May 27, 1923), , is a German-American political scientist, diplomat, and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as both National Security Advisor and later as Secretary of State in the Nixon Administration and the Ford Administration.
Early life
Kissinger was born in Germany in 1923. As a German Jew, it was not safe for him to stay in Germany after Adolf Hitler came to power, and he left for the United States in 1933. He fought for the US against the Nazis in World War Two.
Nixon administration
Kissinger was Richard Nixon's most trusted advisor on foreign affairs. He was in government during the Cold War and promoted what he called "realpolitik" in dealing with the Soviet Union and Communist China. He was a major force behind the 1973 ceasefire in the Vietnam War. He won a Nobel Peace Prize for the ceasefire, but the agreement fell apart in 1975. Under Kissinger, the US opened up relations to China, which is considered one of his biggest successes. He also supported detente, an easing of the rivalry with the Soviets.
Later years
In his later years, Kissinger -- along with William Perry, Sam Nunn, and George Shultz -- called upon governments to reduce nuclear weapons, and in three Wall Street Journal articles proposed a program of urgent steps to that end. The four have created the Nuclear Security Project to advance this cause.
Legacy
His legacy is often debated by historians. Some people criticize him, even calling him a criminal, for his tactics during the cold war, notably supporting a military junta in Chile and backing Pakistan during the Bangladesh War. Many people, however, consider Kissinger a great figure in modern American history who ended the Vietnam War, opened up China, and supported peace in the Cold War.
References
Other websites
Annotated Bibliography for Henry Kissinger from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
Official Website of Henry A. Kissinger
"Charlie Rose" A conversation with Henry Kissinger, December 16, 2008
Henry Kissinger speaks at the Asia Society, NYC, February 2007
Kissinger's political donations
NPR: Kissinger Speech at National Press Club . Towards the end [55:55], he responds to Hitchens.
1923 births
Living people
American autobiographers
American military personnel of World War II
American Nobel Prize winners
American political scientists
Chancellors of the College of William & Mary
German Jews
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American politicians
Jewish American writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Nobel Peace Prize winners
People of the Vietnam War
Politicians from Bavaria
Time People of the Year
United States Secretaries of State
German Nobel Prize winners
Scottie Upshall

Scott "Scottie" Upshall (born October 7, 1983 in Fort McMurray, Alberta) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey right winger for the Arizona Coyotes. He also played for the St. Louis Blues, FLorida Panthers, Columbus Blue Jackets, and Nashville PredatorsHe was picked by the Nashville Predators with the sixth overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He played in the WHL with the Kamloops Blazers. Upshall has also played with the Nashville Predators for 4 seasons and the Philadelphia Flyers for 3 seasons before being traded to the Phoenix Coyotes on March 4, 2009 for Daniel Carcillo.
Awards
He won a Bronze medal in the 2000 World Hockey Challenge.
He was named to the CHL - All-Rookie Team (Canadian Major Junior) in 2001.
He was named the Rookie of the Year in the CHL in 2001.
He was named to the WHL All-Rookie Team in 2001.
He won the Jim Piggott Memorial Trophy for the WHL Rookie of the Year in 2001.
He was named to the WHL West Second All-Star Team in 2002.
He won a Silver medal in the 2002 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in 2002.
He won a Silver medal in the 2003 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in 2003.
He won the Calder Cup with the Milwaukee Admirals of the AHL in 2004.
He won a silver medal in the 2009 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships in 2009
Other websites
Scottie Upshall's NHL Player Page
1983 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Kamloops Blazers players
Living people
Florida Panthers players
St. Louis Blues players
Nashville Predators players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Philadelphia Flyers players
North American F-82 Twin Mustang

The North American F-82 Twin Mustang is the last American propeller fighter ordered into production by the United States Air Force. Based on the P-51 Mustang, the F-82 was originally designed as a long-range escort fighter in World War II. The war ended well before the first produced units were operational. Then Haydn Douglas Griffiths Completed the first restoration of the aircraft making it fully operational, he did this amazing feat with his co-partner Eryk Alexander Deryniowski
Who was Russian refugee after Destalinization Who Then went on to become a worker in Lockheed.
References
United States military aircraft
Anantnag

Anantnag (Kashmiri: nntng /Anamtnag/, meaning abode of springs and lakes), is a city and a municipality located in the Anantnag District in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. About 180,000 people live in Anantnag.
Anantnag is the third largest city of the Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir by population and largest according to area. It is also regarded as the commercial and financial capital of the Valley of Kashmir. It is the largest business and trading center of the valley.
References
Cities in Jammu and Kashmir
Hyperopia

Hyperopia (also called hypermetropia or far-sightedness) is a problem with the focusing ability of the eye. People with hyperopia have an easier time seeing things that are far away than seeing things that are up close. Inside the eye is the lens which can change shape to change the focusing power of the eye and make things look clear. Someone who is not far-sighted only needs to use their lens to make far objects look clear. But for someone with hyperopia, their lens has to do that even when they're looking far away, and it has to work extra hard to make close objects look clear.
Many people with small amounts of hyperopia don't have any problems seeing up close because it's easy for their lens to focus all the time, especially when they're children. But if they have more hyperopia, they often get headaches and eyestrain when they read for a long time because the muscle that controls the lens gets tired.
Hyperopia can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.
Diseases and disorders of the eye
Miami (disambiguation)

Miami is a city in the U.S. state of Florida.
Miami may also refer to:
Native Americans
Miami Nation of Indiana, an unrecognized tribe (those exempt from forced removal)
Miami people, a Native American ethnic group
Miami Tribe of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe (those forcibly removed
Places and geographical features
United States
Historical
Fort Miami (Indiana)
Fort Miami (Michigan)
Fort Miami (Ohio)
Populated places
Miami, Arizona
Miami, Indiana
Miami, Missouri
Miami, New Mexico
Miami, Ohio (disambiguation)
Miami, Oklahoma
Miami, Texas
Miami, West Virginia
Miami County (disambiguation)
Miami Station, Missouri
Miami Township (disambiguation)
Florida
Miami Beach, Florida
Miami metropolitan area, Florida, with Miami being the largest city in the area
Miami-Dade County, Florida
Rivers and geographical features
Miami River (New York)
Miami River (Oregon)
St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan), a river; formerly Riviere des Miamis (River of the Miamis)
Florida
Lake Okeechobee, Florida, once known as Mayaimi, also known as Florida's Inland Sea, a freshwater lake
Miami Canal in Florida
Miami River (Florida)
Ohio
Great Miami River, in Ohio
Little Miami River in Ohio
Miami Valley in Ohio
Outside the United States
Miami (Nea Krini), a beach in Thessaloniki, Greece
Miami (neighborhood), in Alexandria, Egypt
Miami, Manitoba, Canada
Miami, Queensland, Australia
Miami, alternate name of Meyami, Iran
Arts and entertainment
Films
Miami (1924 film), a lost American silent film
Miami (2017 film), a Finnish film
Albums
Miami (Babasonicos album), 1999
Miami (James Gang album), 1974
Miami (Damien Saez album), or the title song, 2013
Miami (The Go Find album), 2004
Miami (The Gun Club album), 1982
Miami (Izzy Stradlin album), 2007
M.I.A.M.I., a 2004 album by Pitbull
Songs
"Miami" (Counting Crows song), 2002
"Miami" (Manuel Riva song), 2018
"Miami" (Will Smith song), 1998
"Miami" (Nicki Minaj song), 2018
"Miami", by John Mellencamp from John Cougar, 1979
"Miami", by Randy Newman from Trouble in Paradise, 1983
"Miami", by Bob Seger and the Silver Bullet Band from Like a Rock, 1986
"Miami", by U2 from Pop, 1997
"Miami", by Against Me! from Searching for a Former Clarity, 2005
"Miami", by Taking Back Sunday from Louder Now, 2006
"Miami", by Foals from Total Life Forever, 2010
"Miami", by Kali Uchis featuring Bia from Isolation, 2018
"Miami", by Tory Lanez featuring Gunna from Love Me Now?, 2018
"Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)", by Billy Joel
Other uses in arts and entertainment
Miami (book), a 1987 book by Joan Didion
The Miami Showband, an Irish group from the 1960s onwards, sometimes billed simply as Miami
Oscar Martinez (The Office)

Oscar Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series The Office played by Cuban-American actor Oscar Nunez. Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired.
Nunez, who is straight, did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on. For the 2006-2007 season, Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) reported he was the only LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) person of color character on a regular series.
For the 2007-2008 season he was the "only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program" and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color.
References
The Office (U.S. TV series) characters
Fictional gay males
Beverly Hills Chihuahua

Beverly Hills Chihuahua is a 2008 movie by Walt Disney Pictures directed by Raja Gosnell. The first preview of the movie was seen next to The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian, and originally the movie was scheduled for a September 26, 2008 release, but the release was moved to October 3. The story is about a chihuahua who gets dognapped in Mexico and has to escape from an evil Dobermann. Destino, a 2003 short movie made by Walt Disney Pictures based on an idea started by Walt Disney and Salvador Dali in the 1940s, was thought to be seen before Beverly Hills Chihuahua, but this didn't happen. Insteed, a sneak-peek of the Disney movie Bolt was seen.
The story
The movie is about a spolied chihuahua from Beverly Hills named Chloe (voiced by Drew Barrymore). Her owner, "Aunt Viv" (Jamie Lee Curtis), has to go to Italy, so she leaves Chloe with her niece, Rachel Ashe Lynn (Piper Perabo). Rachel and her friends go on vacation to Mexico, and Chloe gets dognapped by an evil Mexican dognapper who at first wants to use her in dog fights but sees her value and wishes to put her at ransom (have the owners have to pay money to get her back). In the meantime, Papi (voiced by George Lopez), a male chihuahua who is in love with her is on the lookout for her. Chloe makes friendship with a lonely German Shepherd named Delgado (voiced by Andy Garcia) who travels with her to protect her from the evil Dobermann (voiced by Edward James Olmos) who wants to kill her and steal her diamond collar to return it to the dognapper who owns him.
Cast
Human cast
Manolo Cardona as Sam
Maury Sterling as Rafferty
Jamie Lee Curtis as Aunt Viv
Jose Maria Yazpik as Vasquez
Jesus Ochoa as Officer Ramirez
Piper Perabo as Rachel Ashe Lynn
Voice cast
George Lopez as Papi
Carlos Juvera as Tomas
Luis Guzman as Chucho
Andy Garcia as Delgado
Cheech Marin as Manuel
Paul Rodriguez as Chico
Drew Barrymore as Chloe
Placido Domingo as Monte
Eddie "Piolin" Sotelo as Rafa
Edward James Olmos as El Diablo
Visual effects
Cinesite in London, using their specially developed pipeline for creating digital muzzle replacements, animated the many talking dogs. The in-house visual effects supervisor is Matt Johnson.
Music
The music to Beverly Hills Chihuahua was written by composer Heitor Pereira, who recorded the score with the Hollywood Studio Symphony at the Eastwood Scoring Stage at Warner Brothers.
Reception
Beverly Hills Chihuahua earned $29 million USD in its opening weekend. It was #1 in the box office for two weeks. Despite this, the movie was rather poorly received by critics.
References
Other websites
2008 movies
Disney movies
American family movies
Movies about dogs
Movies directed by Raja Gosnell
Beverly Hills, California in fiction
American children's comedy movies
Eileithyia

Eileithyia (; ) was the goddess of childbirth and midwifery in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera, king and queen of the gods. While she is not a prominent deity in Ancient Greek religion, Eileithyia does feature in a number of myths. Her Roman counterpart was Lucina.
Greek gods and goddesses
Silver Lake, Kansas

Silver Lake is a city in Shawnee County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, 1,345 people lived there.
References
Cities in Kansas
Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine

Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine (5 April 1863 - 24 September 1950) was the eldest child of Princess Alice of the United Kingdom and Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse. She was the granddaughter of Queen Victoria. She married Prince Louis of Battenberg. Her children were Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, and Princess Alice of Battenberg, Queen Louise of Sweden, and George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven, . She was the grandmother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh grandmother in law of Queen Elizabeth II and great grandmother of King Charles III.
Princess Victoria Marchioness Milford Haven died on 24 September 1950 age 87 . She was buried on 28 September 1950 with her husband Prince Louis of Battenberg at St Mildred Church Whippingham on the Isle of Wight.
Ancestry
References
1863 births
1950 deaths
German princes and princesses
British princesses
Tsutomu Yamazaki

is a Japanese actor. He is known for his roles in The Funeral and Farewell to the Ark. Yamazaki also played Nenbutsu no Tetsu on the television series Hissatsu Shiokinin and Shin Hissatsu Shiokinin.
References
1936 births
Living people
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese stage actors
MPEG-4

MPEG-4 is a video and audio standard (type). Movies in MPEG-4 need less space on a computer. At the same time, they still have DVD quality. MPEG means Moving Picture Experts Group. Many researchers and engineers all over the world worked to develop MPEG-4. The work on this standard ended in 1998. MPEG-4 became a standard all over the world.
Movies that use MPEG-4 standard are high quality and take up less computer memory. Older standards were MPEG-1 and MPEG-2. Compared to these older versions, MPEG-4 has more features. For example, it has a way to fix problems, lots of quality and size choices, and a better picture quality.
MPEG-4 is designed for the special needs of computers, television areas and telecommunications. It is able to be individual objects in a certain area, besides rectangular pieces of computer information. For example, this could be a car driving in front of a background. The background does not change. The car can be treated as separate thing, because it is not a fixed background. This is because MPEG-4 can be many rectangular images at the same time.
Related pages
VHS
DVD
MP3
Other websites
MPEG-4 - Additional information on the format for more advanced users
Computer file formats
Audio technology
Display technology
Protostome

Protostomes are a nephrozoan taxon of animals above the level of phylum. It is not part of the normal system of classification.
They are a subtaxon of the Bilateria, and are contrasted with the deuterostomes. Protosomes are distingued by their embryo: in deuterostomes, the first opening (the blastopore) becomes the anus, while in protostomes it becomes the mouth.
DNA sequence analysis suggests that protostome animals can be divided into three major groups:
Ecdysozoa, e.g. arthropods, nematodes
Platyzoa, e.g. platyhelminthes, rotifers
Lophotrochozoa, e.g. molluscs, annelids
as well as a number of minor taxa, like the Chaetognatha.
Invertebrates
Groups of phyla
Debenhams

Debenhams was the United Kingdom's largest department store chain. It was formed in 1778. It is a company that has opened shops across the world, first opening in London, England. Debenhams operated nearly 100 retail stores in the UK in 2005. It is one of the companies on the FTSE 250 Index. The 2014 Christmas advert was filmed in the Sutton, London shop in August 2014.
Debenhams was acquired by the online retailer Boohoo for PS55m in 2021.
References
1778 establishments
Companies based in London
Department stores
1770s establishments in Europe
18th-century establishments in Great Britain
Retail companies of the United Kingdom
Chuckle Brothers

The Chuckle Brothers were an English children's entertainment comedy double act, Barry David Elliott (24 December 1944 - 5 August 2018) and Paul Harman Elliott (born 18 October 1947). They made the BBC show ChuckleVision. The comedy of the Chuckle Brothers was slapstick and other visual gags, and their catchphrases included "To me, to you" and "Oh dear, oh dear".
Their older brothers, Jimmy and Brian, were the comedy duo Patton Brothers.
On 5 August 2018, Barry, the younger brother of Paul Chuckle Barry died of bone cancer, aged 73.
References
1944 births
1947 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from bone cancer
Living people
Duos
English comedians
British television actors
British movie actors
British stage actors
Actors from Yorkshire
ADHD Shorts

ADHD Shorts ( also known as Animation Domination High-Def Shorts ) is a Interestrial program that is featured on the Animation Domination High-Def block
Recurring Segments
Scientifically Accurate
Scientifically Accurate is when ADHD takes the spoof of movies and tv shows. There are 15 shorts in total.
ADHD U
short for ADHD University. A parody of Schoolhouse Rock. There were 8 shorts in total.
Gundolsheim

Gundolsheim is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Spiere-Helkijn

Spiere-Helkijn is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 2047 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 43 North, 03deg 21 East.
References
Municipalities of West Flanders
The Free Dictionary

The Free Dictionary is a website that puts a lot of information together from different places, like dictionaries and even Wikipedia. It is run by a company called Farlex in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania.
Farlex also runs The Free Library, which has old classic books and periodicals like newspapers and magazines.
References
American websites
Sudhindra Thirtha

Sudhindra Thirta (31 March 1926 - 17 January 2016), also known as Shri Sudhindra Thirtha Swamiji, was an Indian Hindu religious leader. He was the legal and spiritual head (mathadipathi) of the Kashi Math and the twentieth successive person called the swamiji of guru parampara. He was born in Ernakulam, Kerala, India.
Thirtha died in Haridwar, India from renal failure on 17 January 2016 at the age of 89.
References
1926 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Indian educators
Leap year starting on Sunday

This article describes any leap year starting on Sunday. Examples include 1928, 1956, 1984, 2012, 2040, 2068, and 2096.
This is the only leap year with three occurrences of Friday the 13th, in January, April and July. The other type of year with three occurrences of Friday the 13th is a Common year starting on Thursday. Interestingly, with the exception of skipped leap years, leap years starting on Sunday falls exactly three years either side of two consecutive common years starting on Thursday; the most recent occurrence was 2012 between 2009 and 2015.
In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on January 16, Valentine's Day is on a Tuesday, Presidents Day is on February 20, the leap day, February 29, is on a Wednesday, St. Patrick's Day is on a Saturday, Mother's Day is on May 13, Memorial Day is on May 28, Father's Day is on June 17, Independence Day is on a Wednesday, Labor Day is on September 3, Columbus Day is on it's earliest possible date, October 8, Halloween is on a Wednesday, Veterans Day is on a Sunday, Thanksgiving is on its earliest possible date, November 22, and Christmas is on a Tuesday. A leap year starting on Sunday is any leap year (i.e. a year with 366 days) that begins on Sunday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is AG.
Calendar
Leap years by day
Villarepos

Villarepos () was a municipality of the district See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Villarepos, Barbereche and Wallenried merged into the municipality of Courtepin.
References
Other websites
Former municipalities of Fribourg
Cleo TV

Cleo TV (stylized as CLEOTV) is an American cable television network. The network serves young millennial and Generation X African American women, and serves as a complement to TV One. It was launched on January 19, 2019.
References
Cable television
Josep Borrell

Josep Borrell i Fontelles (born 24 April 1947 in La Pobla de Segur, Lleida) is a Spanish politician. He was President of the European Parliament from 20 July 2004 until 16 January 2007.
References
Other websites
Official biography
1947 births
Living people
Presidents of the European Parliament
Spanish politicians
Arjuna

Arjuna is one of the major characters of the Indian epic Mahabharata. He plays a main role in the Bhagavad Gita alongside Krishna. Arjuna was considered a skilled archer and one of the greatest warrior at their times. He was the third of the Pandava brothers and known as Madhyam Pandava (Middle of Pandavas). He was married to Draupadi, Ulupi, Chitrangada and Subhadra (Krishna's and Balarama's sister). His children included Srutakarma, Iravan, Babruvahana , Abhimanyu, Pragati and Pragya.
Arjuna was trained in religion, science, administration and military arts by Dronacharya.
Battles fought at Kurukshetra by Krishna
Arjuna was a key Pandava warrior and played a huge role in the Pandava victory in the Kurukshetra war. Lord Hanuman stayed on Arjuna's chariot flag.
Some of the crucial battles fought by Arjuna are as follows:
Fall of Bhishma: According to original Mahabharat, Arjuna fairly killed Bhishma on 10th day of the Kurukshetra war by placing an enunch before Bhisma.
Death of Bhagadatta: On the 12th day of the war, Arjuna killed Bhagadatta- the mighty warrior and the King of Pragjyotisha kingdom.
Death of Jayadratha: Arjuna came to know that Jayadratha blocked the other four Pandavas, at entrance of Chakravyuha, due to which Abhimanyu entered alone and was killed unfairly by multiple Kaurava warriors on the 13th day of the war. Arjuna vowed to kill him the very next day before sunset, failing which he would kill himself by jumping in a fire. The Kauravas hid Jayadratha from Arjuna in a formation, knowing that Arjuna's death would result in a Kaurava victory. Arjuna defeated all protectors of Jaydratha including Karna, Drona, Kripa and Ashwatthama and killed Jayadratha. Jayadratha had a boon from his father that whoever would be responsible for his head falling to the ground would have his own head blown up. So, Arjuna beheaded Jayadratha with an arrow that carried his head to the lap of his father, who was awoken from his meditation and ended up dropping the head to the ground, thus resulting in the explosion of his own head.
Killing of the Trigartas: On the 17th day of the war, Arjuna killed all the Trigartas.
Killing of Samsaptakas: On the 17th day of the war, Arjuna killed all the Samsaptakas.
Killing Susharma: On the 17th day of the war, Arjuna killed Susharma- the ruler of Trigartas.
Killing Vrishasena: Arjuna killed Vrishasena on 17th day of war. Arjuna gave the challenge to Karna to save his son and attacked Vrishasena fiercely and fired 4 razor headed arrows, cutting off Vrishasena's bow, his two arms and then his head infront of Karna, who failed to protect his son.
Death of Karna: The much anticipated battle between Arjuna and Karna took place on the 17th day of war. The battle continued fiercely and Arjuna killed Karna using Anjalikastra.
References
Mahabharata
Hindu gods and goddesses
Ron Woodroof

Ronald Dickson Woodroof (February 3, 1950 - September 12, 1992) was an American activist and businessman who created what would become known as the Dallas Buyer's Club in March 1988. He was born in Dallas, Texas. After being diagnosed with (HIV) in 1985, he created the group as part of his efforts to find and sell drugs to treat HIV at a time when the disease was poorly understood.
He sued the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over a ban on peptide T, a drug he was using. Woodroof's final years became the plot of the 2013 movie Dallas Buyers Club where Matthew McConaughey played Woodroof.
Woodroof died on September 12, 1992 from pneumonia brought on by AIDS in Dallas at the age of 42.
References
1950 births
1992 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in Texas
Deaths from AIDS
American health activists
Businesspeople from Dallas
Kratos (God of War)

Kratos, the "Ghost of Sparta", is a video game character from Sony Santa Monica Studio's God of War series, which is loosely based on Greek mythology. Kratos first appeared in the 2005 video game God of War, which led to the development of six additional games featuring the character as the protagonist. Kratos also appears as the protagonist of the God of War comic series and novels. He has been consistently voiced by Terrence C. Carson, and Antony Del Rio voiced the character as a child in God of War: Ghost of Sparta. Christopher Judge was Kratos' voice actor in God of War (2018) and God of War: Ragnarok. Kratos is depicted as a Spartan warrior in Ancient Greece and son of Zeus (thus making him a demigod) who, after being manipulated into killing his own family by the war god Ares, goes on a crusade in search of revenge.
Fictional characters introduced in 2005
God of War (franchise)
Mortal Kombat guest characters
Soulcalibur series guest characters
Video game protagonists
Vichel-Nanteuil

Vichel-Nanteuil is a commune in the Picardie region, Aisne department in north France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Aisne
Endocarditis

Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart. Endocarditis most often affects the heart valves. The heart valves are a part of the human body that does not get blood. This is odd because they are a part of the heart itself. Because of this, if one of the valves gets infected with bacteria or protozoa, the body can not defend itself against those bacteria. This can cause the valve to not work the way it should.
Heart disease
Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly

Lt. Col. Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly (; 1 January 1943 - 16 March 2019) was the President of Mauritania and Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation (CSMN) from 3 June 1979 to 4 January 1980.
References
1943 births
2019 deaths
Presidents of Mauritania
Mauritanian generals
Roger Carel

Roger Carel (born Roger Bancharel; 14 August 1927 - 11 September 2020) was a French actor. He was known for his role as Asterix, the French voice of Star Wars' C-3PO, and the French voice of Winnie-the-Pooh, Piglet, and Rabbit in Winnie the Pooh.
He also voiced Wally Gator, Mickey Mouse, Yogi Bear, Kermit the Frog, Heathcliff, Foghorn Leghorn, ALF and many other famous characters in French. He was born in Paris, France.
Carel died at his home in Aigre, France on 11 September 2020, aged 93.
References
Other websites
1927 births
2020 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
French voice actors
Actors from Paris
Rodolfo Severino Jr.

Rodolfo Certeza Severino Jr. (27 April 1936 - 19 April 2019) was a Filipino diplomat. He served as the 10th Secretary-General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from 1998 to 2002. He also served as the ambassador to Malaysia from 1989 to 1992. He was a professor at many universities in Singapore. He was born in Manila.
Severino died of problems caused by Parkinson's disease on 19 April 2019. He was 82.
References
1936 births
2019 deaths
Ambassadors
ASEAN
Disease-related deaths in the Philippines
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Asian diplomats
Filipino educators
Filipino politicians
People from Manila
Sivas

Sivas is a city in eastern Turkey. The city is in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In 2020, 382,520 people lived there.
References
Cities in Turkey
Central Anatolia Region
Civitella in Val di Chiana

Civitella in Val di Chiana is a comune in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Settlements in Tuscany
Pulaski County, Virginia

Pulaski County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 33,800 people lived there. Its county seat is Pulaski.
References
Virginia counties
Platymantis mimulus

The diminutive forest frog (Platymantis mimulus) is a frog. It lives in the Philippines on Luzon Island. Scientists have seen it as high as 400 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of Asia
Love Me (Bee Gees song)

"Love Me" is a 1976 song by the Bee Gees. It was the seventh track from their 14th studio album Children of the World.
Yvonne Elliman version
In 1976, Yvonne Elliman released a version of Love Me. It went to number 3 in New Zealand and South Africa, number 6 in the United Kingdom, number 9 in Ireland, number 11 in Canada, number 14 in the United States, number 15 in the Netherlands and number 16 in Australia.
Martine McCutcheon version
In 1999, Martine McCutcheon covered Love Me for the 1999 BBC Children in Need and for her debut studio album You Me & Us. It was released with its A-side Talking in Your Sleep. It went to number 6 in the United Kingdom, number 10 in Scotland and number 26 in Ireland.
Track listing
"Love Me" (radio mix)- 3:44
"Talking in Your Sleep" (radio edit) - 4:06
References
1976 songs
Bee Gees songs
Yvonne Elliman songs
Martine McCutcheon songs
Soul songs
Ed Bearss

Edwin Cole Bearss (; June 26, 1923 - September 15, 2020) was an American military historian and writer. He was a United States Marine Corps veteran of World War II.
He was known for his work on the American Civil War and World War II eras. He was a tour guide of historic battlefields for The Smithsonian Associates and was Chief Historian of the National Park Service from 1981 to 1994. He was born in Billings, Montana.
Bearss died at his home in Arlington, Virginia on September 15, 2020 at the age of 97.
References
1923 births
2020 deaths
American historians
American military personnel of World War II
Writers from Montana
People from Billings, Montana
Military people from Montana
United States Marine Corps personnel
Prophecy Girl

Prophecy Girl is the first season finale and twelfth episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. It was aired in May 1997. It was written and directed by series creator Joss Whedon.
Plot
Giles reads a book that the Slayer must die from the Master. Buffy was killed by the Master. Angel helped revive Buffy, making the prophecy reversed. Buffy encountered the Master and killed him, leaving only his bones behind.
Production
The episode and the other season one episodes were made out of order but aired in the story's chronology. It was intended to be the series finale before the WB ordered four extra seasons and UPN gave the show two more seasons.
Reception
Many people loved the season finale for being satisfying and series creator Joss Whedon considered it as one of his favorite episodes.
1997 television episodes
Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes