pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Quadrature mirror filter

The quadrature mirror filters (QMF) are two filters with frequency characteristics symmetric about of sampling frequency (i.e. ). They are used especially in process of orthogonal discrete wavelet transform design.
Simple variant
In notation of Z-transform, we can create the quadrature mirror filter to (original) filter by substitution with in the transfer function of .
By doing it, the transfer characteristic of is shifted to by .
Impulse characteristic is therefore
for , where is filter length.
According to the picture above, the signal split and passed into these filters can be downsampled by a factor of two. Nevertheless, original signal can be still reconstructed by using reconstruction filters and . Reconstruction filters are given by time reversal analysis filters.
Orthogonal filter banks
For orthogonal discrete wavelet transform is given by
, where is filter length.
Impulse characteristic is
for .
Reconstruction filters are still given by same equations.
Digital signal processing
Ombretta Fumagalli Carulli

Ombretta Fumagalli Carulli (5 March 1944 - 16 March 2021) was an Italian politician, jurist, and academic.
Carulli began her political career in 1987, when she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Christian Democracy party.
In 1996, Carulli was elected to the Senate and joined the center-right Pole for Freedoms coalition.
In 1999, she became Undersecretary to the Ministry of the Interior. She then became Undersecretary to the Ministry of Health. She retired in 2001.
Carulli died in Milan on 16 March 2021 at the age of 77.
References
1944 births
2021 deaths
Italian politicians
Italian academics
Italian judges
HTTrack

HTTrack is a free and open source website copier and offline browser by Xavier Roche, licensed under the GNU General Public License. It allows you to download World Wide Web sites from the Internet to a computer.
Other websites
Official site
Demonstration of WinHTTrack in use
SpiderZilla Add-on for Mozilla FireFox
Web browsers
Free software
Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago

Greater Grand Crossing is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the city's South Side.
The name "Grand Crossing" comes from an 1853 right-of-way feud between the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway and the Illinois Central Railroad that led to a frog war and a crash that killed 18 people. This led Mayor Roswell B. Mason to illegally construct railroad tracks across another railroad company's tracks.
During the 1950s, the Black population of the neighborhood rose from 6% to 86%. Today, the neighborhood is 97% Black.
The Red Line of the CTA travels to Greater Grand Crossing.
References
Community areas of Chicago
A High Wind in Jamaica (movie)

A High Wind in Jamaica is a 1965 British adventure movie directed by Alexander Mackendrick and was based on the 1929 novel of the same name by Richard Hughes. It stars Anthony Quinn, James Coburn, Deborah Baxter, Dennis Price, Lila Kedrova, Nigel Davenport, Isabel Dean, Trader Faulkner, Gert Frobe and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1965 adventure movies
British adventure movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Alexander Mackendrick
Movies set in Jamaica
Movies set in the 19th century
Harnai District

Harnai District () is a district in the Balochistan Province of Pakistan.
Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Albeck

Albeck () is a municipality of the district of Feldkirchen in the Austrian state of Carinthia.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Carinthia (state)
Marko Živić

Marko Zivic (4 April 1972 - 14 October 2021) was a Serbian actor and comedian. His career began in 2002 while performing at the Belgrade Drama Theatre.
He was known for his roles as Mika Armonika in Psi laju, velar nosi and Vasilije in Shadows over Balkan. He also was in the movies Citulja za Eskobara, The Belgrade Phantom and Montevideo, God Bless You!.
Zivic also hosted the The Marko Zivic Show.
Zivic died on 14 October 2021 in Belgrade, Serbia from COVID-19 at the age of 49.
References
1972 births
2021 deaths
Serbian actors
Comedians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia
Happy Valley Shanghai

Happy Valley Shanghai () is an amusement park in Songjiang, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. The park is about 40 kilometers (25 miles) from downtown Shanghai. It covers an area of 863,500 square meters (213 acres). Happy Valley contains seven big areas, each with different themed zones, including Sunshine Beach, Happy Times, Typhoon Bay, Gold Mine Town, Ant Kingdom, Shanghai Beach and Shangri-la Woods. There are more than 100 rides in the park.
The park was opened on August 16, 2009. In the beginning of the park's operation, many people didn't like it because of long waiting times and being dangerous. Most of the rides were broken, the lines were too long, and many people were hurt not only from riding the rides, but from walking around the park. Three people were hurt when a big sign board fell on top of them.
The park currently has six roller coasters. Five of them were opened when the park began its operation while the mine train coaster opened in October 2009.
Rides
Roller coasters
Diving Coaster (Jue Ding Xiong Feng )
LeLe'e Chariot (Yi Bing Zhan Che )
Mega-Lite (Lan Yue Fei Che )
Mine Train Coaster (Kuang Shan Li Xian )
Spinning Coaster (Feng Kuang Jing Ling )
Wooden Coaster - Fireball (Gu Mu You Long )
References
Theme parks in Asia
Shanghai
2009 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in China
Panama City, Florida

Panama City is a city in the US state of Florida. It is along U.S. Highway 98 in Bay County. It is the county seat of Bay County. 37,188 people live there.
Cities in Florida
County seats in Florida
Gilberto (footballer, born 1976)

Gilberto (born 25 April 1976) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Cruzeiro.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995||America||||0||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Flamengo||rowspan="3"|Serie A||17||0
|-
|1997||22||0
|-
|1998||28||2
|-
|1998/99||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||2||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Vasco da Gama||rowspan="3"|Serie A||16||2
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||24||4
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Gremio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||21||3
|-
|2003||33||6
|-
|2004||Sao Caetano||Serie A||6||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="4"|Hertha Berlin||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||33||6
|-
|2005/06||23||2
|-
|2006/07||30||5
|-
|2007/08||15||1
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="2"|Premier League||6||1
|-
|2008/09||1||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="2"|Serie A||19||7
|-
|2010||||
186||24
2||0
101||14
7||1
296||39
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2003||2||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||6||0
|-
|2006||5||1
|-
|2007||15||0
|-
|2008||4||0
|-
!Total||32||1
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro
The Angel's Command

The Angel's Command is a book written by Brian Jacques (writer of the popular children's series Redwall), and the sequel to Castaways of the Flying Dutchman. It follows the adventures of an immortal boy and his dog as they face pirates and other dangers from the high seas to the mountains.
The Castaways of the Flying Dutchman trilogy is based on the legend of the Flying Dutchman. It tells of how a young boy and his dog managed to escape what happened to the Flying Dutchman. They were given the ability to live forever, speak in any language, and talk to each other with their thoughts. Ben, the boy, and Ned, the dog, are sent to help those in need.
In The Angel's Command, they have a lot of adventures, including meeting a French buccaneer and a girl named Karay who's a thief. The Angel's Command was followed by a sequel in 2006 called Voyage of Slaves.
Translations
Les Naufrages du Hollandais Volant, tome 2 : Le Pirate et la sorciere (French)
2003 books
Fantasy books
Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul

Santa Rosa is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It has an area of 488.42 km2. In 2020, 73,575 people lived there.
Notable people
Xuxa (born 1963), television host, actress, singer and model
Claudio Taffarel (born 1966), football goalkeeper
References
Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul
Man of Steel (movie)

Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero movie that is inspired by the DC Comics character Superman. It is directed by Zack Snyder and is the first movie in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). It was written by Snyder, David S. Goyer and Christopher Nolan. It stars Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Michael Shannon, Kevin Costner, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Antje Traue, Ayelet Zurer, Christopher Meloni and Russell Crowe.
The movie was filmed in Chicago and Vancouver.
Man of Steel was released in theaters on June 14, 2013, in 2D, 3D, and IMAX. The movie had divisive reviews from critics as some people liked the "darker, more realistic" retelling of Superman's origin story while others, who were used to a more joyful Superman, did not. A follow-up movie titled Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice was released on March 25, 2016.
Cast
Henry Cavill as Kal-El / Clark Kent / Superman
Amy Adams as Lois Lane
Michael Shannon as General Zod
Kevin Costner and Diane Lane as Jonathan and Martha Kent
Laurence Fishburne as Perry White
Antje Traue as Faora-Ul
Russell Crowe as Jor-El
Ayelet Zurer as Lara Lor-Van
Christopher Meloni as Colonel Nathan Hardy
Harry Lennix also plays General Calvin Swanwick, who is later revealed to be the Martian Manhunter in Zack Snyder's Justice League
References
Other websites
2013 action movies
2010s superhero movies
DC Extended Universe movies
Superman movies
Movies set on fictional planets
Warner Bros. movies
Movies shot in Chicago
Movies directed by Zack Snyder
Buttigliera Alta

Buttigliera Alta is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Phillips, Oklahoma

Phillips is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Haustorium

A haustorium (plural: haustoria) is a term in botany. It is a root-like structure which attaches to a tree or other plant host. Fungi and parasitic plants like mistletoe use haustoria to get nutrients from hosts.
Contrast with the term epiphyte, which means "living on". Many other plants live on large trees, but only a few have hausteria.
References
Plant physiology
Parasitic plants
Plant tissues
Julianne Nicholson

Julianne Nicholson (born July 1, 1971) is an American actress. She works mostly on television programs. She played the Detective Megan Wheeler in Law & Order: Criminal Intent. She played Esther Randolph in Boardwalk Empire. She was born in Medford, Massachusetts.
American television actors
Actors from Massachusetts
People from Medford, Massachusetts
1971 births
Living people
Gary Barlow

Gary William Barlow (born 20 January 1971) is an English singer-songwriter, pianist and record producer. He is frontman, lead singer and main songwriter of the boy band Take That.
Career
In 1990, Gary Barlow became a member of the new founded boy band Take That. He is the main songwriter of the band. After the band broke up in 1996, Barlow started a solo career. He released two solo albums, Open Road and Twelve Months, Eleven Days. He also wrote songs for other singers. Take That reformed in 2005.
Barlow was voted as the best British songwriter of all time in 2009. He was a judge at the TV show The X Factor from 2011 until 2013.
Barlow organized the concert for the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012. In May 2012, he released the album Sing with the Commonwealth Band. The solo album Since I Saw You Last was released in November 2013.
Personal life
Barlow and his wife Dawn Andrews have three children Daniel, Emily and Daisy. Their fourth child was stillborn in August 2012.
References
1971 births
Living people
English pop musicians
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Cheshire
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Television personalities from Cheshire
Take That members
Aviatyrannis

Aviatyrannis is a genus of carnivorous tyrannosauroid dinosaur discovered in Portugal. It was discovered in 2000 and was named in 2003.
References
Tyrannosaurids
Jurassic dinosaurs
Dinosaurs of Europe
Karakar Pass

Karakar Pass (el. 1336 m./4384 ft.) is a mountain pass in the Hindu Kush in Pakistan.
From the top of the pass, one can view Buner Valley. It was at this pass that the Emperor Akbar lost most of his 8000-man army in an abortive attempt to invade Swat in 1586.
The 45 km-long road from Pir Baba (RA) to Barikot passes through Mount Ilam rising through mature pine forests to Karakar pass.
Mountain passes of Pakistan
Atlanta Flames

The Atlanta Flames were an ice hockey team in the NHL from Atlanta, Georgia, USA from 1972 to 1980. The team was moved to Calgary, Alberta, Canada for the start of the 1980-81 NHL season and were renamed the Calgary Flames. The team was named after the burning of Atlanta, led by U.S. Army general William Sherman during the American Civil War.
Defunct National Hockey League teams
Sports in Atlanta
1972 establishments in the United States
1980 disestablishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
20th-century disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Salak

Salak fruit is grown in southeast Asia. It has a spiky look and has a leathery rap and a nut shaped inside. You can eat it with a little sugar or salt or even make it into a helpful eye cream.
References
Other websites
https://migrationology.com/snake-fruit-salak/
Fruits
Arecaceae
Greenland national football team

Greenland national football team is the national football team of Greenland.
Organizations based in Greenland
North American national football teams
Provinces of Chile

A province is the second largest administrative division in Chile, after a region. Each region is divided in provinces. Chile has 54 provinces in total. Each province is ruled by a governor (gobernador) designated by the president. The provinces are also divided into communes which are ruled by a municipality.
List of provinces by region
XV - Region of Arica and Parinacota
Province of Arica
Province of Parinacota
I - Region of Tarapaca
Province of Iquique
Province of Tamarugal
II - Region of Antofagasta
Province of Antofagasta
Province of El Loa
Province of Tocopilla
III - Region of Atacama
Province of Copiapo
Province of Chanaral
Province of Huasco
IV - Region of Coquimbo
Province of Elqui
Province of Choapa
Province of Limari
V - Region of Valparaiso
Province of Valparaiso
Province of Isla de Pascua
Province of Los Andes
Province of Petorca
Province of Quillota
Province of San Antonio
Province of San Felipe de Aconcagua
Province of Marga Marga
VI - Region of O'Higgins
Province of Cachapoal
Province of Cardenal Caro
Province of Colchagua
VII - Region of Maule
Province of Talca
Province of Cauquenes
Province of Curico
Province of Linares
VIII - Region of Biobio
Province of Concepcion
Province of Arauco
Province of Biobio
Province of Nuble
IX - Region of Araucania
Province of Cautin
Province of Malleco
XIV - Region of Los Rios
Province of Valdivia
Province of Ranco
X - Region of Los Lagos
Province of Llanquihue
Province of Chiloe
Province of Osorno
Province of Palena
XI - Region of Aisen
Province of Coihaique
Province of Aisen
Province of Capitan Prat
Province of General Carrera
XII - Region of Magallanes and the Chilean Antarctic
Province of Magallanes
Province of Antartica Chilena
Tierra del Fuego
Province of Ultima Esperanza.
RM - Metropolitan Region of Santiago
Province of Santiago
Province of Cordillera
Province of Chacabuco
Province of Maipo
Province of Melipilla
Province of Talagante
Related pages
Regions of Chile
Other websites
Decreto Ley 2.868
The Star (1952 movie)

The Star is a movie from 1952. It was directed by Stuart Heisler. It stars Bette Davis, Sterling Hayden and Natalie Wood. Davis got a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for this movie.
1952 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies directed by Stuart Heisler
1950s English-language movies
Auvers-sur-Oise

Auvers-sur-Oise is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France. It is associated with many famous artists, the most prominent being Vincent van Gogh.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Midhirst

Midhirst is a small village in the Taranaki Region, New Zealand. It is located four kilometers north of Stratford, 17 kilometers south of Inglewood and 35 kilometers southeast of New Plymouth. It has a primary school in the village.
References
Settlements in New Zealand
Stratford District
Fishplate

In rail terminology, a fishplate, splice bar or joint bar is a metal bar that is bolted to the ends of two rails to join them together in a track. The name is derived from fish, a wooden bar with a curved profile used to strengthen a ship's mast. The top and bottom edges are tapered inwards so the device wedges itself between the top and bottom of the rail when it is bolted into place. In rail transport modelling, a fishplate is often a small copper or nickel silver plate that slips onto both rails to provide the functions of maintaining alignment and electrical continuity.
References
Rail infrastructure
Enges

Enges is a municipality of the district of Neuchatel in the canton of Neuchatel in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Neuchatel
Georgy Lvov

Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov () (2 November 18617 March 1925) was a Russian diplomat and politician. He was the first post-imperial Prime Minister of Russia. He served as Prime Minister from 15 March to 21 July 1917.
Lvov was born in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Confederation.
Lvov resigned in July 1917 in favor of his Minister of Justice, Alexander Kerensky. Lvov was arrested when the Bolsheviks seized power later that year. He escaped and settled in Paris, where he spent the rest of his life.
Lvov died in Paris, aged 63.
Other websites
Lvov Days and memorials
Aleksin Museum of Art and Regional Studies
Publishers of Lvov's biographies
Biography of Prince Lvov at www.praviteli.org
1861 births
1925 deaths
Politicians from Saxony
Prime Ministers of Russia
Russian diplomats
TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2010)

TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2010) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment. It was held on December 19, 2010 at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. It was the second TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs event held by the WWE.
Matches
References
Other websites
Official TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs 2010 website
2010 in professional wrestling
Sports in Houston
WWE TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs
2010 in American television
2010s in Texas
21st century in Houston
December 2010 events
Scott Taylor (politician)

Scott William Taylor (born June 27, 1979) is an American politician and former Navy SEAL. He served as the U.S. representative from Virginia's 2nd congressional district from 2017 to 2019. Taylor was also a state delegate for the 85th house district.
On November 6, 2018, Taylor was defeated for reelection by Democrat and U.S. Navy veteran Elaine Luria. In December 2019, he stated he was going to run again for his old seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. In the November general election, he was defeated by Luria a second time.
Early life
Scott William Taylor was born in Baltimore.
After high school, he served in the United States Navy and became a Navy SEAL, first taking part in drug enforcement.
Early career
In 2008, Taylor ran for Mayor of Virginia Beach, Virginia. He was a candidate in the 2010 primary election for Virginia's 2nd congressional district, but lost to Scott Rigell. Taylor became a state delegate for the 85th house district in November 2013.
Elections
2016
In 2016, after the then current representative, Scott Rigell, announced he would not seek re-election, Taylor won the Republican Party nomination for Virginia's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, defeating Randy Forbes in the primary, then defeated Democrat Shaun Brown, 61.3% to 38.5%, to win the general election on November 8, 2016.
2018
In January 2018, former Navy commander Elaine Luria announced her plan to run for Taylor's seat. In the June 10 Democratic primary, Luria received 62% of the vote, defeating Karen Mallard, who received 38%. In the Republican primary, Taylor defeated Mary Jones, 76% to 24%.
On November 6, 2018, Taylor lost to Luria, taking 48.9 percent of the vote to Luria's 51.1 percent.
2020
On July 8, 2019, Taylor announced that he was running for the United States Senate against two-term incumbent Mark Warner in the 2020 election. Taylor decided to not run for the Senate race, instead choosing to run to take back his old House seat. On June 23, 2020, he won the Republican primary, setting up a rematch with Luria.
Luria defeated him and was re-elected with a six-point margin taking 52 percent to Taylor's 46 percent.
References
Republicans (United States)
Politicians from Virginia
Living people
1979 births
United States Navy
Harvard University alumni
Yeghishe Charents

Yeghishe Charents (born Yeghishe Soghomonian, ) (13 March 1897, Kars - 29 November 1937, Yerevan) was an Armenian poet killed in Stalin's purges.
From 1904 to 1912 Yeghishe Soghomonian he was at school in Kars. Amid the upheavals of the First World War and the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire, he volunteered in 1915 for the Caucasian Front. In 1917-1918 he was in Karin Erzurum during the bitter fighting. Some of his experiences would later appear in his poetry.
Yeghishe Charents (Soghomonian), one of the nation's favourite poets - a famous philanderer who apparently sought the USSR Kremlin's favours - produced a now famous poem called "The Message". Its praise of Uncle Joe might grind the average set of teeth down to the gum; it included the following: "A new light shone on the world... It is only this sunlight/Which for centuries will stay alive." And more of the same.
Undiscovered by the USSR Kremlin's censors for many months, however, Charents (1897 - 1937) had used the first letter of each line to frame a quite different "message", which read: "O Armenian people, your only salvation is in the power of your unity." Whoops! Like the distant Mount Ararat, it was a brave, hopeless symbol, as doomed as it was impressive. Yeghishe Charents was "disappeared" by the NKVD (KGB) in 1937 after being denounced by the architect Alexsandr Tamanyan - now hard at work building Yerevan's new Stalinist opera house - the moment Yeghishe Charents' schoolboy prank was spotted. Then Alexsandr Tamanyan fell from the roof of his still unfinished opera house, and even today Armenians - with their Arab-like desire to believe in "zagovor" the plot - ask the obvious questions.
Works
"Three songs to the sad and pale girl", poems (1914)
"Blue-eyed Homeland", poem (1915)
"Soma", poem (1918) Yerevan
"Charents-Name", poem (1922)
"Uncle Lenin", poem (1924)
"Country of Nayiri" (Yerkir Nayiri) (1926)
"Epical Sunrise", poems (1930)
"Book of the Way", poems (1934)
Film
1987: Charents - Known and Unknown Sides (Yeghishe Charents)Armenfilm,35mm, script by Levon Mkrtchyan, narration by Sos Sargsyan, director Levon Mkrtchyan
Related pages
Armenian Genocide
1987 births
1937 deaths
Armenian poets
Albert Ebossé Bodjongo

Albert Dominique Ebosse Bodjongo Dika (6 October 1989 - 23 August 2014) was a Cameroonian soccer player who played for JS Kabylie in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.
On 23 August 2014 Albert was struck by a projectile thrown by a fan just hours after a matchup between his home team JS Kabylie and USM Alger. The match had ended in a 2-1 defeat and the Cameroonian died of head injury due to the strike. He was aged 24. On 18 December 2014, more results were released after his death. The results said that Bodjongo could have died from a beating instead.
References
1989 births
2014 deaths
Cameroonian footballers
Alika Milova

Alika Milova (born 5 September 2002), known mononymously as Alika, is an Estonian singer and television personality.
She has participated in numerous singing TV shows, such as The Baltic Voice and Estonian Idol, which she won.
In 2023, she represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 with the song "Bridges". She finished 8th out of 26 finalists.
Sources
Estonian singers
2002 births
Living people
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Free software

Free software is software (computer program) that anyone may run, share and change, at any time, for any reason. In this case, "free" means "freedom-respecting" (we say "free as in freedom"). The opposite of free software is proprietary software.
In 1984, Richard Stallman started the free software movement when he began the GNU project. Examples of free software are Linux (the kernel), Blender, OpenBSD, Inkscape and others. Wikipedia also uses free software.
Free software and open source
Free software is very similar, but different from open source software.
People who use the name "free software" think that computers should be more ethical and should try to help people who use computers. They think every human should have four basic rights for their programs. These are the rights to:
Use: Use programs on their computer how they want.
Study: Learn how the programs on their computer work.
Change: Change programs they have on their computer to make them better.
Share: Give programs they have on their computer to other people.
The Free software movement also says that all software should be free (as in freedom). It is because even a very small program that is proprietary can be very dangerous (it can for example spy on the user).
People who use the name "open source" refer to the same software following the same rules, but the community isn't as strict and doesn't say that everything should be open source. They avoid the ethics and instead say the rules are good because they help companies make business.
How free software works
An author who wants to make his computer program free must allow other people to use it for anything (which doesn't break the law), study it, change it and share it without limits. The author does this by using a free license.
The author must not prohibit even selling his program by others or using his program for dangerous things or using it by people he doesn't like. This is not because the author supports bad things, but because he thinks that limiting user's rights is dangerous for them.
Free software and freeware
The word "free" in "free software" means freedom, not price. People are allowed to sell Free software, but the person who buys the software can change it, give it away or sell it too. Free/Libre and Open-Source Software is sometimes abbreviated as FOSS or FLOSS to emphasize that it is about "free software", and not merely "freeware".
The words "free software" are sometimes used in English to just mean software that can be downloaded without paying money, which is confusing. Sometimes this software lets people make their own copies for other people, however it may not let people do all the things that they can do with real Free software, such as change it or sell it. In this case "free" means "free of charge". To make the difference more clear, software that does not cost money should be called freeware; it is almost always proprietary software.
References
Related pages
GNU
Free and open-source software
Free Software Foundation
Open source
Other websites
Free Software Foundation
The definition of free software
Richard Stallman's talk about free software at TEDx
Feelings (1968 movie)

Feelings () is a 1968 Lithuanian drama movie directed by Algirdas Dausa and Almantas Grikevicius. It stars Regimantas Adomaitis, Juozas Budraitis, Algimantas Masiulis, Vytautas Paukste.
Other websites
1968 drama movies
Lithuanian movies
Movies set in Lithuania
Musk ox

The musk ox (Ovibos moschatus, muskox) is a large Arctic mammal of the Bovidae family.
It has a thick coat, and was common in the northern hemisphere during the Pleistocene ice age. The males give off a strong odour, hence its name. This musky odour is used to attract females during mating season. Musk oxen travel in herds of females and their young led by one or two strong males. Male oxen fight over who will be leader by butting their thick heads and horns against each other. The musk oxen's long, curved horns keep away predators. When a herd smells nearby wolves, all the musk oxen form a circle and face out. They lower their heads to show off their horns.
Musk oxen live in Arctic North America and Greenland, with small introduced populations in Sweden, Siberia and Norway.
Musk oxen are herbivores which graze on grasses, leaves, and some Arctic flowers. They are ruminants; they swallow their food without chewing it. Later, they regurgitate the food (called a cud) and chew it. Musk oxen, like other ruminants, have a stomach with four sections.
Fossil DNA evidence suggests musk oxen were not only more geographically widespread during the Pleistocene, but also more genetically diverse. During that time, other populations of musk oxen lived across the Arctic, from the Ural Mountains to Greenland. Together with the bison and the pronghorn, the muskox was one of a few species of Pleistocene megafauna in North America to survive the Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event and live to the present day.
References
Caprids
Mammals of North America
River Ravensbourne

The Ravensbourne is one of many rivers which flow into the Thames. Its catchment area is southeast of the Thames.
The Ravensbourne source rises in Keston, four miles south of Bromley town centre. The river collects many sub-tributaries, such as the River Quaggy. It empties into the Thames at Deptford.
These river names are very old. The Ravensbourne, for example, is noted in the Domesday Book.
In the centre of London the rivers are hidden under the "made" road surfaces (under Fleet Street, for example). The tributaries can usually be seen In the suburbs. The tributaries influenced the positioning of roadways and housing during the 19th century.
Before the 19th century London was a much smaller city. Most of the tributaries to the Ravensbourne ran through country districts at that time.
References
River Thames
Sommerach

Sommerach is a municipality in Kitzingen in Bavaria in Germany.
Geography
Sommerach is on the southern part of the river Main loop on Wine Island ("Weininsel"). It is 3 km (2 mi.) away from the motorway A3 (exit Kitzingen/Schwarzach/Volkach).
References
Kitzingen (district)
North Pole, Alaska

North Pole is a city in Alaska. It is hundreds of miles from the actual North Pole, which is in an area that is very cold and very hard to get to. The town of North Pole is about from Fairbanks, the only big city in the Interior of Alaska. At first it was just a small settlement called "Davis" with a stop on the Alaska Railroad. The first people to form a local government there decided to call it North Pole. Soon a trading post that had been opened there became a Christmas themed shop called the Santa Claus House and was a big attraction for tourists who came to Alaska. The city's mayor pro tem is city council member Santa Claus.
References
Cities in Alaska
Sterlington, Louisiana

Sterlington is a town in northern Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, United States, near the boundary with Union Parish. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,594.
References
Towns in Louisiana
Settlements in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Foster, Missouri

Foster is a village in Bates County, Missouri, United States.
Villages in Missouri
Samuel Pierce

Samuel Riley Pierce, Jr. (September 8, 1922October 31, 2000) was an American politician. He was Ronald Reagan's Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. He served as secretary from January 23, 1981 until January 20, 1989.
Other websites
Samuel Pierce biography
Atlanta Journal-Constitution article from Pierce's tenure
New York Times CABINET AIDE GREETED BY REAGAN AS 'MAYOR'
1922 births
2000 deaths
United States Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development
Politicians from New York (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Deaths from stroke
Saint-Palais, Allier

Saint-Palais is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Plymouth, Washington

Plymouth is an unincorporated community found in Benton County of the state of Washington in the United States.
References
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)
Benton County, Washington
Disco Inferno (50 Cent song)

"Disco Inferno" is a 2004 song by American rapper 50 Cent and is the lead single from his second studio album The Massacre (2005). It went to number 3 in the United States and number 87 in the United Kingdom. The song was nominated for an Grammy Award in 2006, but lost to Kanye West's song "Gold Digger".
Track listing
12" vinyl
"Disco Inferno" (Explicit) - 3:34
"Disco Inferno" (Clean) - 3:34
"Disco Inferno" (Instrumental) - 3:34
"Disco Inferno" (Acapella) - 3:28
CD single
"Disco Inferno" (Explicit) - 3:34
"Window Shopper" - 2:38
"Best Friend" (featuring Olivia) - 4:08
"Disco Inferno" (Ringtone) - 0:38
References
2004 songs
50 Cent songs
Tenuis palatal click

The tenuis palatal click is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
Sexual Dependency

Sexual Dependency (original Spanish title Dependencia sexual) is a 2003 Bolivian American drama movie directed by Rodrigo Bellott and starring Alexandra Aponte, Roberto Urbina, Jorge Antonino Saavedra, Matthew Guida.
Other websites
2003 drama movies
2000s LGBT movies
American drama movies
Bolivian movies
Ildiko Kuna

Ildiko Kuna is a Hungarian water polo player. She competed for the Hungarian women's national water polo team in the 1994 World Aquatics Championships.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Hungarian water polo players
La Chaize-le-Vicomte

La Chaize-le-Vicomte is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Communes in Vendee
Boston accent

The Boston accent is a local accent of Eastern New England English. It is spoken specifically in the city of Boston, its suburbs, and much of eastern Massachusetts. Eastern New England English also traditionally includes New Hampshire and Maine. The accent originated with the Puritans who came to the area from East Anglia in the 17th century. It was also influenced by 19th and 20th century immigrants from Ireland. This resulted in the distinct r-dropping (locally called "wicked natural") dialect found in modern costal Massachusetts.
Non-rhoticity
The traditional Boston accent is non-rhotic, particularly in the early 1900s. Recent studies have shown that younger speakers tend to use more of a rhotic accent than older speakers from the Boston region. The Boston accent is pronounced with a "broad A". The letter "r" is dropped only in certain words like 'car' and 'hard'. For example, a person might "pahk the cah in Hahvahd yahd."
Lexicon
Some words used in the Boston area are:
blinkers turn signals on a car (also U.K., Australia and New Zealand). The Massachusetts Department of Transportation has displayed signs reminding motorists to "Use Yah Blinkah", a phonetic representation of the phrase as spoken with a Boston accent.
bubbler (or water bubbler) drinking fountain, pronounced "bubblah". This term is also used in Wisconsin and Australia.
frappe a beverage mixed with milk and ice cream, a.k.a. milkshake (in most other places), or if in Rhode Island (and especially if coffee flavored), called a "cabinet"
Hoodsie A small cup of ice cream, the kind that comes with a flat wooden spoon (from HP Hood, the dairy that sells them.) Also (very offensive slang), a teenage girl. Elsewhere occasionally known as a dixie cup.
jimmies Chocolate ice cream sprinkles Also common in the Philadelphia area.
packie liquor store (from "package store")
pissah means something akin to "great" either realistically or sarcastically. Also spelled 'pissa'. This is from the word "pisser" with a Boston accent, but used as an adjective. Occasionally combined with "wicked" to yield "wicked pissah".
rotary traffic circle. These full-speed circular intersections are common in Greater Boston.
wicked Generally means "very" or "super" and is used as an adverb. "That hockey game was wicked awesome!" It can also be used to infer tones and moods, for example, "Ugh, that guy is wicked slow."
spa A convenience store that has tonic on tap and (usually) sells sandwiches.
tonic soft drink; known elsewhere as soda
whiffle a crew cut or male haircut done with electric clippers.
References
Other websites
Perfect Boston Accent; YouTube
American English
Pronunciation
Stacey Abrams

Stacey Yvonne Abrams (born December 9, 1973) is an American politician, lawyer, romance novelist, and businesswoman. She was the house minority leader for the Georgia General Assembly and state representative for the 89th House District. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
Career
Abrams was the Democratic nominee in the 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election, the first black female major party gubernatorial nominee in the United States. She lost the general election to Republican Secretary of State Brian Kemp. Abrams erroneously claimed she won the governorship and today still claims the election was stolen from her.
In June 2018 Stacey Abrams joined the 9th annual Augusta Pride festival and talked about her campaign.
Abrams received a single vote from Rep. Kathleen Rice for the 2019 election for Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.
In early February 2019, Abrams became the first African-American woman to deliver a State of the Union response to President Trump's earlier delivery.
On December 1, 2021, she announced she would be once again running for governor in the 2022 gubernatorial election. She was defeated by Brian Kemp in the general election.
References
1973 births
Living people
Lawyers from Madison, Wisconsin
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Writers from Wisconsin
Politicians from Madison, Wisconsin
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American politicians
African American politicians
African American writers
American civil rights activists
American company founders
American human rights activists
Lawyers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Yale University alumni
Spelman College alumni
Georgia Southwestern State University

Georgia Southwestern State University (GSW) is a public university in Americus, Georgia. It is part of the University System of Georgia and offers bachelor's degree programs along with selected master's and specialist degree programs.
References
1900s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1906 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Miles Morales

Miles Gonzalo Morales () is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in publications by Marvel Comics. He is one of the characters known as Spider-Man. The character first appeared in Ultimate Fallout. Morales appears in the 2018 animated movie Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse where he was voiced by Shameik Moore.
He is of African American and Puerto Rican ancestry.
References
Other websites
Miles Morales. Comic Vine
Jennings, Jackie (August 8, 2017). "Ultimate Spider-Man in 2 Minutes". Syfy Wire.
Miles Morales. Spider-Man Wiki.
Marvel Comics superheroes
Spider-Man
Portrait of Juan Pareja

Portrait of Juan Pareja is an oil painting by Diego Velazquez. It dates to 1650. It measures 81.3 x 69.9 cm (32 x 27.5 in). It hangs in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Pareja was Velazquez's slave. He served as an assistant in his workshop. The picture was painted in Rome. It was displayed publicly at the Pantheon in March 1650. The picture gained widespread admiration. Pareja became a painter in his own right. He was freed by Velazquez in 1654.
References
Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
Paintings by Diego Velazquez
Sparkling wine

Sparkling wine is the name for a number of wines which have a lot of carbon dioxide in them. This will make the wine fizzy. The carbon dioxide may be the result of the fermentation process, or it may have been added later. One of the best-known examples is probably Champagne, but there are many other such wines. In Spain such wines are called Cava, in Italy Asti or Spumante and in German Sekt. In French the terms "Mousseux" or "Cremant" are used for such wines, as well, especially for those which are not produced in the Champagne. Cremant d'Alsace, Blanquette de Limoux and Clairette de Die are examples of sparkling wines made in France outside the Champagne region.
Most sparkling wines are made from white wine or rose.
Wine
Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge

Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (DESFBANWR) is a US National Wildlife Refuge located in the southern part of San Francisco Bay, California. The Refuge headquarters and visitor center is located in the Baylands district of Fremont, next to Coyote Hills Regional Park, in Alameda County. The visitor center is on Marshlands Rd, off Thornton Ave. It was founded in 1974.
The Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge is one of six wildlife refuges in the San Francisco Bay Area.
It was renamed Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge in 1995 in recognition of Congressman Don Edwards and his efforts to protect sensitive wetlands in south San Francisco Bay.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Large collection of photos and trail descriptions of Don Edwards Wildlife Refuge
Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge - United States Fish and Wildlife Service official site.
San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex
South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project
Cargill Salt - San Francisco Bay
Refugees
Alameda County, California
San Mateo County, California
Santa Clara County, California
1974 establishments in California
2003 London blackout

The 2003 London blackout was a major Blackout that occurred in parts of south London and north-west Kent in England on 28 August 2003. It was the largest blackout in South East England since the Great storm of 1987, affecting over 500,000 people.
It was first reported power had went down at 18:15 British Summer Time. Power returned about 34 minutes later and some trains started operating again, but is reported to have taken about two hours to come back to working again in some areas. By 7pm, most trains started running again.
National Grid would say the problem was because of a failed machine at a Hurst building in South East London that helped with power, which caused some alarms.
The tube
The blackout caused tube trains to stop. It also caused about 17,000 people to be stuck, with computers not knowing where the Tube trains were, which was dangerous. By the next day, the Tube started mostly going on as before again.
References
2003 in England
2003 blackout
August events
Electricity
Kent
Chubut Province

Chubut is a Province of Argentina. It is in the region called Patagonia.
Some important cities are Comodoro Rivadavia, Trelew, Puerto Madryn, Rawson and Esquel.
The province borders Rio Negro in the north, Santa Cruz in the south, and Chile to the west.
References
Provinces of Argentina
William Longsword

William I Longsword ( - 17 December 942) was the second "Duke of Normandy". William added to his father's territories. He also began to expand Norman influence in West Francia (France).
Early career
William was born to the Viking Rollo and his Christian wife Poppa of Bayeux. He was born overseas probably in England.
His mother was from a Frankish noble family. William was baptized a Christian probably at the same time as his father, William's nickname Longsword was probably earned during the fighting in 924-925 around Beauvais, Ponthieu and Amiens.
Duke of Normandy
William succeeded his father as leader in 927 Early in his reign he faced a rebellion from by other Normans who did not think he was fit to lead them. The leader of this rebellion was Riouf of Evreux. At this same time William sent his wife Sprota to Fecamp where their son Richard was born.
In 933, William I Longsword swore loyalty to Raoul as King of Western Francia. In turn Raoul gave him lordship over much of the lands of the Bretons including Avranches and the Cotentin. But the Bretons fought to keep these lands. They were led by Alan II, Duke of Brittany and Count Berenger of Rennes. It ended shortly with Alan fleeing to England and Beranger seeking to be on friendly terms with the Normans. In 935, William arranged a marriage between his sister Adela and William, count of Poitou with the approval of Hugh the Great. At the same time William married Luitgarde, daughter of count Herbert II of Vermandois. Her dowry gave William the lands of Longueville, Coudres and Illiers l'Eveque.
William Longsword attacked Flanders in 939 and Arnulf I, Count of Flanders, and Louis IV, King of France, attacked Normandy because of this. Arnulf captured the castle of Montreuil-sur-Mer defeating Herluin, Count of Ponthieu. Herluin helped William Longsword to take back the castle. William was excommunicated for attacking and destroying lands belonging to Arnulf. William pledged his loyalty to King Louis IV when they met in 940. In return for this he was confirmed in lands that had been given to his father, Rollo. Almost three years later, on 17 December 942 at Picquigny on the Somme, William Longsword was attacked and killed by followers of Arnulf while at a peace conference to settle their differences.
Family
William had one son with Sprota.
Richard the Fearless, who succeeded his father.
William married secondly Luitgarde, daughter of Herbert II, Count of Vermandois. They had no children.
Notes
References
890 births
940s deaths
Dukes and duchesses of Normandy
Coxsackie A virus

Coxsackie A virus is a human virus. It is the cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease, Herpangina, and Bornholm disease. It is in the family Picornaviridae.
Viruses
Les Sorinières

Les Sorinieres is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Universal+

Universal+ (pronounced as Universal Plus), is a group of Latin American premium subscription television channels of United States origin. It focuses on the broadcast of exclusive movies and series that are not seen on other channels.
Ownership
It is owned by NBCUniversal, operated by NBCUniversal International Networks. It is distributed by Ole Distribution, a joint venture between Ole Communications and WarnerMedia.
Kickoff
The platform began operating in December 2018, previously as Universal TV+, offering content from various sister channels of NBCUniversal in Latin America, but with a login required from each operator. On December 4, 2020, the platform was renamed Universal+ again, although no service costs were specified.
Premium packages
Universal+ started a premium package on August 24, 2021, when several pages and social networks spread unofficial information about what could be the group of premium channels to be launched and marketed in Latin America, in this way that Ole Distribution I would bet on the premium television business with an additional charge, previously when HBO Latin America Group entered the premium television model, several years later its participation was sold to WarnerMedia.
In a leak of an official statement from DirecTV, details of the premium package were revealed, as well as the new channels to be marketed, including Universal Premiere, Universal Cinema, Universal Crime, Universal Comedy and Universal Reality.
The group was scheduled to start its broadcasts on December 2, 2021, initially on DirecTV and Sky. But due to technical problems, the launch was postponed on Sky in Mexico and Central America for December 3 of the same year, while for DirecTV was postponed to December 6.
Channels
The group is made up of 5 premium channels with exclusive content, which are:
Universal Premiere: It is focused on the broadcast of premiere movies, new seasons and series, it has 2 signals, East and West.
Universal Cinema: Is focused on broadcasting the most outstanding award-winning films, it has 2 signals, East and West.
Universal Crime: is focused on the broadcast of action, investigation and high-impact criminal series.
Universal Comedy: is focused on the broadcast of movies and comedy series.
Universal Reality: is focused on the broadcast of entertainment, game shows and reality shows, which has content from E! Channel.
References
Other websites
2018 establishments