pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Old World silverside

The Old World silversides are a family, the Atherinidae, of marine and freshwater fish belonging to the order Atheriniformes. Atherinidae are abundant and considered bony fish (teleosts) that are widespread globally, living in rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters.
They occur worldwide in tropical and temperate waters. About two-thirds of the species are marine, and the others live in fresh water. There are 74 species in 13 genera.
The genus Craterocephalus is the most diverse with 25 species. Four genera are monotypic.
Size
Silversides are relatively small with most being less than 20 cm (7.9 in) in length, with several not attaining lengths of more than 5 cm (2.0 in). The body is generally elongated. Distinctive characters include two dorsal fins widely separated, with the first consisting of flexible spines and the second having one spine followed by soft rays, while the anal fin has one spine on the leading edge followed by soft rays. The pectoral fins tend to be high, and there is no lateral line. On the flanks is a broad, silvery band. The scales are relatively large. Some species, such as the hardyhead silverside, Atherinomorus lacunosus, are commercially fished.
The family Atherinopsidae (Neotropical silversides) is closely related, while the genus Atherion has been given family status in the Atherionidae by some authorities.
Subfamily Atherininae
Origin of Atherininae
The separation between the ancestors of Craterocephalinae and Atherininae caused Atherininae lineage to form in Southern Australia, which has cooler habitats than Northern Australia.
The subfamily Atherininae has five genera. One is Atherina, which is found near the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean oceans; however, the remaining four are restricted to Australia's southern coastal waters.
Since Atherina's biogeographic location is significantly different, it is likely that Atherina and the four genera are not monophyletic or do not descend from a common ancestor. Instead, Atherina is hypothesized to have a sister lineage with the ancestors of Atherininae and the Craterocephalinae.
Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Atheriniformes
Family: Atherinidae
Related pages
Amakusaichthys
Teleosts
Independence Day of Ukraine

The Independence Day of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Den' Nezalezhnosti Ukrayini) is the main state holiday in Ukraine. It is held on August 24, remembering the Ukrainian Declaration of Independence of 1991. It was first celebrated on 16 July 1991, as the first anniversary of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine. Since the Declaration of Independence was issued later, and confirmed by a referendum on 1 December 1991, the date of the holiday was changed. Starting in 2004, 23 August is celebrated as the Day of the National Flag.
References
Ukrainian culture
Ciphertext

In cryptography, ciphertext (or cyphertext) refers to the output of the encryption process. Plaintext is turned into ciphertext using an algorithm (cipher). This makes it unreadable to anyone except those who own unique information about it, usually referred to as a key.
Decryption is the reverse process of encryption. It takes the unreadable ciphertext as an input and makes it readable again in the form of plaintext.
Cryptography
Technetium

Technetium is a radioactive chemical element that has the chemical symbol Tc and has the atomic number 43. It is the lightest synthetic element.
Chemistry of Technetium
The color of technetium is silvery-grey and is a crystaline metal. In chemistry it is placed in a group of metal elements named the transition metals. The chemistry of technetium is similar to rhenium and manganese.
The isotope 99mTc is used in nuclear medicine. It is used for many diagnostic tests. It has a short half-life. 99Tc is used as a source of beta particles without emitting gamma rays. The ion that has oxygen and technetium bonded together (TcO4-) is named the pertechnetate ion. The pertechnetate ion could be used as to prevent anodic corrosion in steel.
History
Before the element was found, many of the properties of element 43 were predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev. Mendeleev noticed a gap in his periodic table and named the element in the gap eka-manganese. In 1937 the technetium isotope 97Tc was the first element to be artificially produced. This was the reason why he named it Technetium as in Greek, tekhnetos means "artificial". Most technetium made on Earth is a by-product of fission of uranium-235 in nuclear reactors. It is extracted from nuclear fuel rods. On earth, technetium occurs naturally only in uranium ores as a product of spontaneous fission. The amount of technetium in the ore is very small but has been measured. The longest half-life of Technetium is 4.2 million years (98Tc). This means that its detection in red giants in 1952 helped support the theory that stars can produce heavier elements.
Transition metals
Synthetic elements
Bezliudivka

Bezliudivka (; ) is a settlement in the Kharkiv Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. Situated on the river Udy (Seversky Donets Basin), 3 km south of Kharkiv, 3 km from the railway station Bezlyudivka. As of 2001, 9,693 people lived there.
References
Villages in Ukraine
Givoletto

Givoletto is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Bulgar language

Bulgar (also known as Bulghar, Bolgar, or Bolghar) is an extinct Oghur Turkic language spoken by the Bulgars.
The name is came from the Bulgars, a tribal that established the Bulgar state known as Old Great Bulgaria in the mid-7th century, which became the Danubian Bulgaria by the 680s.
References
Languages of Europe
Turkic languages
Extinct languages
Dorotea Municipality

Dorotea Municipality () is a municipality in Vasterbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Dorotea.
References
Other websites
Dorotea Municipality
Municipalities of Vasterbotten County
Georgia Bulldogs basketball

The Georgia Bulldogs basketball team is an American college basketball team. The team plays for the University of Georgia. The team plays in Division I of the NCAA. The team plays in the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
NCAA tournament results
The Bulldogs have been in the NCAA tournament 12 times. Their combined record is 7 wins and 12 losses. However, their games in 1985 and 2002 have been vacated by the NCAA. This makes their official record 5 wins and 10 losses.
* Vacated by the NCAA
References
Basketball teams in the United States
Siege of Cēsis Castle (1577)

The siege of Cesis Castle in 1577 was a part of Ivan the Terrible's campaign to conquer Old Livonia.
Explosion
Cesis Castle was guarded by the Polish troops being one of region's most important fortresses.
Based on Laurentius Muller, the castle had only a few hundred people. Most of them were women and children while the Muscovites had thousands of men, with the heaviest of weapons. Having knowledge of the Muscovite ruler's brutality to his prisoner, townsmen of Cesis sought shelter and refuge inside the castle.
After the five-days-long shelling cracks and holes caused by the heavy artillery of the Muscovites, the castle was extremely damaged and the cesis castle was in serious danger along with the people in it. The townsmen of Cesis however decide not to give themself up but rather decided to blow themselves up with gunpowder.
Literature
Salomon Henning's Chronicle of Livonia and Courland gives the most touching description of the mass suicide:One should have seen this sorrow beyond all sorrow as the good people knelt in the room beneath which the gunpowder had been placed. Man and wife held each others' hands, children gathered around their parents, some still nursing at their mothers' breasts, all awaiting blessed St. Simeon's hour. Nor, as the Muscovite soon hereafter began to storm and invade the castle, was it long delayed. The gunpowder was ignited and all were blown up, aside from those who had hidden elsewhere in the castle...
References
1577
Tom Coburn

Thomas Allen Coburn (March 14, 1948 - March 28, 2020) was an American politician and medical doctor. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Senator of Oklahoma from 2005 to 2015. He was nicknamed Dr. No because of he blocked many spending bills many times.
He announced in January 2014 that he would leave the senate at the end of the 113th United States Congress and submitted his resignation letter to Governor of Oklahoma Mary Fallin.
Coburn died on March 28, 2020 in Tulsa, Oklahoma from prostate cancer, aged 72.
References
1948 births
2020 deaths
American Baptists
American physicians
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in Oklahoma
People from Casper, Wyoming
Politicians from Wyoming
Politicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Scientists from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Scientists from Wyoming
United States representatives from Oklahoma
United States senators from Oklahoma
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Fedora (disambiguation)

A fedora is a type of hat.
Fedora may also refer to:
Computing
Fedora (operating system), a Linux distribution
Fedora Project, the development project for the operating system
Marlene Hagge

Marlene Hagge (nee Bauer; February 16, 1934 - May 16, 2023) was an American professional golfer. She was born in Eureka, South Dakota. Hagge was one of the thirteen founders of the LPGA in 1950. She won one major championship and 26 LPGA Tour career events. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Hagge died in Rancho Mirage, California of complications from a fall, on May 16, 2023, at the age of 89.
References
Other websites
Marlene Hagge bio at about.com
1934 births
2023 deaths
American golfers
Sportspeople from South Dakota
Sportspeople from California
List of township-level divisions of Shaanxi

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. After province, prefecture, and county-leveldivisions, township-level divisions constitute the formal fourth-level administrative divisions of the PRC. This list is divided first into the prefecture-level then the county-level divisions. The ten prefecture-level divisions of Shaanxi are subdivided into 107 county-level divisions (28 districts, 3 county-level cities, and 76 counties). Those are in turn divided into 1785 township-level divisions (917 towns Zhen , 680 townships Xiang , 98 ethnic townships, 148 subdistrcts.)
Administrative divisions
All of these administrative divisions are explained in greater detail at Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China. This chart lists only prefecture-level (Jie Dao ) and county-level divisions of Shaanxi.
Xi'an
Xi'an is divided into eleven districts and two counties.
Tongchuan
Tongchuan is divided into three districts and one county.
Baoji
Baoji is divided into three districts and nine counties.
Xianyang
Xianyang is divided into three districts, nine counties, and two county-level cities.
Weinan(Wei Nan )
Yan'an
Yan'an is divided into two districts, ten counties, and one county-level city.
Hanzhong (Yi Zhong )
Yulin (Yu Lin )
Ankang (An Kang )
Shangluo (Shang Luo )
References
Lists of settlements in Asia
Shaanxi
Markiplier

Mark Edward Fischbach (born June 28, 1989), known by his YouTube username Markiplier, is an American internet personality, video game commentator and charity fundraiser.
Early life
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Fischbach began his career in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father, Cliffton M. Fischbach, was of German descent, while his mother is Korean. He studied Civil Engineering at the University of Cincinnati, later changing his degree to Biomedical Engineering. He later left college and started his YouTube career.
Career
Fischbach moved to Los Angeles, California in 2014, wanting to be closer to the YouTube scene.
, his channel has over 9 billion total video views and 22 million subscribers, and is currently the 36th most-subscribed channel on YouTube.
Fischbach plays in Let's Play videos, commonly of survival horror video games.
In 2017, Fischbach began his first improv tour, known as the "You're Welcome Tour", which spanned from North America to Europe and Australia.
Fischbach has done multiple charity streams and fundraisers with other YouTubers. Forbes reported in 2017 that Fischbach and his fans had helped raise roughly $3 million for charity in past fundraising streams. In April 2018, he raised $1,506,793.81 in charities.
Unus Annus
On November 15, 2019, Fischbach created a new channel with YouTuber Ethan Nestor (known online as CrankGameplays) called Unus Annus, a channel which planned to upload a video every day for one year, after which the channel would be deleted along with its videos. The channel had 1 million subscribers in its first 5 days and 4.56 million in its last few minutes. The channel was deleted on November 14, 2020. The channel was meant to remind viewers about life and death and how quickly both can come and go.
Podcasts
Fischbach, along with Wade Barnes (LordMinion777) and Bob Muyskens (Muyskerm) has streamed a podcast on Twitch called 3 Peens in a Podcast since 2018.
In 2019, Fischbach co-produced and starred in Edge of Sleep, an audio drama released on iTunes.
In May 2021, Fischbach announced that he, Barnes, and Muyskens would be starting a podcast called Distractible.
Philanthropy works
Awards and nominations
References
Other websites
1989 births
Living people
Philanthropists from Ohio
American YouTubers
American Internet celebrities
Entertainers from Hawaii
Entertainers from Los Angeles
Entertainers from Ohio
Twitch (service) streamers
Podcasters
People from Cincinnati
Toddler

A toddler is a very young child who is learning how to use their hands, stand and walk, and also how to communicate with others.
Most children are toilet trained while they are toddlers.
Even when toddlers can walk, they are often transported in a stroller, buggy, or pushchair when the walk is a long distance or when they're tired. Toddlerhood typically begins after age one and is over by the time the child is 4, but this can differ depending on the child.
Other websites
Toddler Weight/Height Calculator
Childhood
Rio Bravo, Texas

Rio Bravo is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Zaporizhzhia

Zaporizhzhia (, before 1921 - Oleksandrivsk) is a city in southeastern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast. In 2001, 817,900 people lived there.
Located on the main waterway of Ukraine - the Dnieper River, at the intersection of transport and communication corridors connecting the south with the capital of Ukraine, western and central regions, Donbass with Kryvyi Rih.
Together with the surrounding settlements it forms the Zaporizhzhia agglomeration. It is one of the largest administrative, industrial and cultural centers of southern Ukraine with advanced engineering, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, chemical and construction industries, a river port and an important transit railway junction.
According to the Consolidated Scheme of District Planning of Ukraine, Zaporizhzhia occupies an important place in the regional settlement system and performs the functions of regional, international and district centers, each of which has its own zone of inter-village service.
Thus, in the zone of influence of Zaporizhzhia as a regional center on the territory of 2690 thousand hectares there are 14 cities, 23 urban-type settlements, a significant number of villages and more than 2 million people live. The inter-district settlement system headed by Zaporizhzhia (suburban zone) is characterized by a high level of industrial and economic mastery of the territory, high value of agricultural lands and pago environment. The suburban zone covers Zaporizhzhia, Vilniansk, Orikhiv, Vasylivka and Kamyansko-Dniprovsky administrative districts of Zaporizhzhia region, the total area of which is 760 thousand hectares. There are 5 cities, 6 urban-type settlements and about 300 rural settlements. The total population of the suburban area is approximately 315 thousand people. The peculiarity of the city of Zaporizhzhia is that it concentrates about 65% of the productive capacity of the region and 43% of the population of the region.
On June 27, 2014, the decision of the Zaporizhzhia City Council adopted the final report of the working group to clarify the founding date of the city and changed the official founding date. The working group concluded that the city was founded in 952 on the basis of the treatise of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus "On the management of the empire", as the first written mention of the settlement on both banks of the Dnieper and the island of Khortytsia.
Name
Until March 15, 1921, the city was called Alexandrovsk after the Alexander Fortress, founded in 1770. There is no unequivocal opinion in whose honor the fortress was named. The names of Field Marshal General Alexander Golitsyn and Prince Alexander Vyazemsky are mentioned.
On March 15, 1921, the city was renamed Zaporizhzhia - that is, "located beyond the thresholds."
The name reminds that before the construction of the Dnieper HPP dam in 1932 at the place where the river crosses the rocky southern edge of the Ukrainian Shield, numerous Dnieper rapids, which hinder navigation, ended.
References
Cities in Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Mirella Freni

Mirella Freni (February 27, 1935 - 9 February 2020) was an Italian soprano, one of the leading lyric sopranos of her era. She had a beautiful and well-schooled voice and a charming stage presence.
Life and career
Born Mirella Fregni, in Modena, Italy, she studied at the Bologna Music Conservatory with Ettore Campogalliani. She made her debut in her hometown in 1955, as Micaela in Carmen. That same year, she married pianist Leone Magiera, with whom she had a daughter, whom she called Micaela.
After winning the Viotto vocal competition in 1957, she sang with the Netherlands Opera, then was invited at the Glyndebourne Festival, and the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in 1961. She made her debut at La Scala in Milan in 1962. Her New York Metropolitan Opera debut came in 1965, as Mimi in La boheme, a role she will remain closely associated with throughout her career. She then sang at most of the great operatic centers ot the world, such as Paris, Chicago, Salzburg, etc.
She began her career by singing soubrette roles, such as Susanna, Zerlina, Adina, Nanetta, etc., and then moved to more lyric roles such as Mimi, Marguerite, Juliet, etc., and eventually more dramatic roles such as Violetta, Amelia, Desdemona, Cio-Cio-San, Tosca, Medea, Wally, Maddalena, Giulia etc., with equal success.
After her divorce from Magiera, she married Bulgarian bass Nicolai Ghiaurov in 1981.
Freni died on 9 February 2020 in Modena after suffering multiple strokes and a degenerative disease, aged 84.
Notes
Sources
Le Guide de l'Opera, Roland Mancini & Jean-Jacques Rouverox, Fayard, 1986.
The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987.
Sources
Le Guide de l'Opera, Roland Mancini & Jean-Jacques Rouverox, Fayard, 1986.
The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987.
1935 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from neurodegenerative disease
Deaths from stroke
Italian singers
Musicians from Emilia-Romagna
Italian opera singers
People from Modena
Sopranos
Saint-Étienne-de-Valoux

Saint-Etienne-de-Valoux is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Derek Walcott

Derek Alton Walcott, OBE OCC (23 January 1930 - 17 March 2017) was a Saint Lucian poet and playwright. He was awarded the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature. He served as Professor of poetry at the University of Essex until his death in 2017.
His works include the Homeric epic poem, Omeros (1990). In besides to having won the Nobel, Walcott has won many literary awards over the course of his career including an Obie Award in 1971 for his play Dream on Monkey Mountain, a MacArthur Foundation "genius" award, a Royal Society of Literature Award, the Queen's Medal for Poetry, and the 2011 T. S. Eliot Prize for his book of poetry, White Egrets.
Walcott was born on 23 January 1930 in Castries, Saint Lucia.
Walcott died at his home in St. Lucia on 17 March 2017. He was 87.
References
Other websites
British Council writers' profile, works listing, critical review
Poetry Archive profile, poems written and audio
Poetry Foundation profile and poems
Poetry of American Poets profile, poems audio and written
Profile and analysis, Emory University
Profile, interviews, articles, archive. Prague Writers' Festival
Poetry is an island, Derek Walcott, A feature documentary film about the life and times of Derek Walcott set to be released in 2013 with the help of crowd funding on Indiegogo
1930 births
2017 deaths
Saint Lucian people
Novelists
Playwrights
Ahmed Zewail

Ahmed Zewail (1946-2016) was an Egyptian chemist. He invented femtochemistry and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1999.
Chemical reactions were once thought impossible to measure, because they happen in only a few femtoseconds. His Nobel award was for using laser technology to measure extremely fast chemical reactions. The laser technology showed how molecules changed during the reaction. He was on the scientific advisory team for the President. Zewail encouraged basic Egyptian education and knowledge.
Related pages
List of Egyptian scientists
References
"Ahmed Zewail." Gale Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2004. Biography in Context. Web. 29 May 2015.
"Ahmed H. Zewail". Britannica School. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2015.
"Zewail, Ahmed Hassan." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015. Web. 29 May 2015.
"ZEWAIL - EGYPT SUPPORTS KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY." AllAfrica. 16 Mar. 2015 eLibrary. Web. 29 May. 2015.
1946 births
2016 deaths
Chemists
Egyptian scientists
Wolf Prize winners
Egyptian Nobel Prize winners
Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (TV series)

Sabrina the Teenage Witch is an American children's television sitcom. It is based on the Archie comic book series of the same name. It is set in Massachusetts. It stars Melissa Joan Hart in the title role. Its first four seasons aired on Nickelodeon from September 27, 1996 to May 5, 2000; the final three seasons ran on Noggin from September 22, 2000 to April 24, 2003.
Other websites
1996 American television series debuts
2003 American television series endings
1990s American sitcoms
1990s teen television series
2000s American sitcoms
2000s teen television series
American teen comedy television series
College television series
High school television series
Television series set in Massachusetts
WB network shows
English-language television programs
Joshua Reynolds

Sir Joshua Reynolds RA FRS FRSA (16 July 1723 - 23 February 1792) was an English painter of portraits. He helped to start the Royal Academy of Arts and was its first president. King George III made him Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1769.
Some critics disliked Reynolds and the Royal Academy. The Pre-Raphaelites called him "Sir Sloshua" and William Blake published a savage pamphlet Annotations to Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses in 1808. On the other hand, Turner was a strong supporter, and asked to be buried at Reynolds' side.
Reynolds has over 1000 portraits in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Despite Blake's criticisms, Reynold's Discourses had a lasting impact on the theory and practice of art.
References
1723 births
1792 deaths
English painters
People from Devon
Fellows of the Royal Society
Royal Society of Arts
Knights Bachelor
Royal Academicians
Länghem

Langhem is a locality in Tranemo Municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 989 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Christopher A. Wray

Christopher Asher Wray (born December 17, 1966) is an American lawyer. He is the 8th and current Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation since August 2, 2017. From 2003 to 2005, he served as Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Criminal Division under the George W. Bush administration. He was previously a litigation partner with the law firm King & Spalding.
Early life
Wray was born in New York City. He was raised in Andover, Massachusetts. He studied at Yale University.
Early career
In 2003, President George W. Bush nominated Wray as Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Criminal Division of the Justice Department. Wray was unanimously confirmed by the Senate. Wray was Assistant Attorney General from 2003 to 2005, working under Deputy Attorney General James Comey. While heading the Criminal Division, Wray oversaw prominent fraud investigations, including Enron.
Director of the FBI (since 2017)
On June 7, 2017, President Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Wray to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. On July 20, 2017, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted unanimously to confirm Wray to be the next director of the FBI. Wray was officially confirmed by the Senate with bipartisan support on August 1, 2017; the vote was 92-5. He was sworn in by Attorney General Jeff Sessions in a private ceremony on August 2.
In the aftermath of the Douglas High School shooting in Parkland on February 14, 2018, it was found out that the FBI ignored a tip that shooter Nikolas Cruz had a desire to "kill people". Florida Governor Rick Scott called for Wray to resign, with the earliest tip received by the FBI dating back to September 2017 in which a YouTube user with the same name commented, "I'm going to be a professional school shooter."
In December 2020, it was announced that President-elect Joe Biden would keep Wray as FBI director under his administration.
Personal life
Wray married Helen Garrison Howell in 1989. They have two children. He is registered as a Republican.
References
Other websites
Department of Justice biography page
1966 births
Living people
Lawyers from Massachusetts
Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Politicians from New York City
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Massachusetts
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Lawyers from New York City
Polygyny in animals

Polygyny in animals is a mating system in which one male lives and mates with more than one female. Each female only mates with a single male. If several females mate with several males it is either as promiscuity or polygynandry.
Typical polygyny is one-male, multi-female groups. The system is widespread. Examples are elephant seal, spotted hyena, gorilla, house wren, hamadryas baboon, common pheasant, red deer, Bengal tiger.
References
Ethology
Sexuality
Marks, Mississippi

Marks is a city in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the county seat of Quitman County.
Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Blood and Roses

Blood and Roses () is a 1960 French Italian horror movie directed by Roger Vadim and is based on the 1872 novella Carmilla by Sheridan Le Fanu. It stars Mel Ferrer, Elsa Martinelli, Annette Vadim, Rene-Jean Chauffard, Marc Allegret, Alberto Bonucci, Serge Marquand, Gabriella Farinon and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
1960 horror movies
1960s erotic movies
French horror movies
Italian horror movies
Movies based on books
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Roger Vadim
Movies set in Italy
La Folliaz

La Folliaz was a municipality in Glane in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2005, when the municipalities Lussy and Villarimboud joined together to become the municipality La Folliaz. On 1 January 2020, La Folliaz and Villaz-Saint-Pierre joined together to become the new municipality Villaz.
References
Other websites
2005 establishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Fribourg
British Rail Class 59

The Class 59 Co-Co diesel locomotives were built and introduced between 1985 and 1995 by General Motors Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) for private British companies, initially Foster Yeoman. They were designed for hauling heavy freight and designated JT26CW-SS.
59
Lowell Thomas Jr.

Lowell Thomas Jr. (October 6, 1923 - October 1, 2016) was an American politician and film producer who collaborated with his father, the accomplished reporter and author Lowell Thomas, on several projects before becoming an Alaskan state senator in the early 1970s, and later the third lieutenant governor of Alaska (1974-1978).
In the 1980s, he owned and operated Talkeetna Air Taxi, an Alaska bush flying service.
References
1923 births
2016 deaths
Politicians from Alaska
Lieutenant Governors of Alaska
American movie producers
Ostrów Wielkopolski

Ostrow Wielkopolski () (often abbreviated Ostrow Wlkp., formerly called simply Ostrow, , Latin: Ostrovia) is a city in west-central Poland with 71,560 people living here since 2010. It is the fifth-largest city in the voivodeship.
References
Cities in Poland
Frederick North, Lord North

Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford, KG, PC (13 April 1732-5 August 1792), more often known by his courtesy title, Lord North, was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. North also had a major part in the American Revolution.
Titles from birth to death
The Hon. Frederick North (1732-1752)
Lord North (1752-1754)
Lord North, MP (1754-1766)
The Rt. Hon. Lord North, MP (1766-1772)
The Rt. Hon. Lord North, KG, MP (1772-1790)
The Rt. Hon. Lord North, KG (1790)
The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Guilford, KG, PC (1790-1792)
1732 births
1792 deaths
British Earls
Knights of the Garter
Politicians from London
Roman Curia

The Roman Curia (Latin Curia Romanae) is usually called "The Curia". It is the cabinet of Vatican City and the Roman Catholic Church.
Parts of The Curia look after the independent country of the Vatican. For example, The Curia includes the Vatican's courts.
Other parts of The Curia do jobs that are important for the Catholic Church. For example, the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity is in charge of meeting other churches.
All of the parts of The Curia that are listed on the Vatican's website are explained in this table.
Related pages
Vatican City
The Holy See
References
Vatican City
Roman Catholicism
Phyllida Law

Phyllida Ann Law (born 8 May 1932) is a Scottish actress. Her movie credits include Peter's Friends (1992), Much Ado About Nothing (1993), Emma (1996), The Winter Guest (1997) and Nanny McPhee (2005).
Law was born in Glasgow. She was married to actor Eric Thompson from 1957 until his death in 1982. Their daughters, Emma and Sophie Thompson, are both actresses.
References
Other websites
1932 births
Living people
Actors from Glasgow
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Radio actors
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
Ranbir Singh Pura

Ranbir Singh Pora () is in the Jammu District region of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Towns in Jammu and Kashmir
Béard-Géovreissiat

Beard-Geovreissiat is a commune in the Ain department of France. Most of the commune is the villages of Beard and Geovreissiat. The hamlet of St Germain de Beard, and the northern part of the hamlet of Croix-Chalon are also part of the commune.
The commune was called Geovreissiat until October 2008. Geovreissiat is the main village and the city hall is there.
In 2009, 935 people lived in the commune. They are called the Beardais.
Between 1841 and 1846, the population fell from 720 to 354 inhabitants, and continued to fall until the end of the Second World War. Today it has reached its highest population since records began.
References
INSEE
Pappukutty Bhagavathar

Pappukutty Bhagavathar (; 29 March 1913 - 22 June 2020) was an Indian singer and actor. His works were in Malayalam cinema. He was born in Kochi, India. His best known roles were in Sthreehridayam, Sree Guruvayoorappan and in Kattukurangu.
Bhagavathar died of heart failure in New Delhi on 22 June 2020, aged 107.
References
1913 births
2020 deaths
Indian centenarians
Indian singers
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Ice hockey at the Olympic Games

Ice hockey tournaments have been played at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was first played at the 1920 Summer Olympics, but was moved to the Winter Olympics in 1924. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Canada holds the record for the most Gold medals, with 11.
Other websites
List of Olympic medalists on IIHF.com
Ice hockey competitions
Winter Olympic sports
Mohanbhai Sanjibhai Delkar

Mohan Sanjibhai Delkar (19 December 1962 - 22 February 2021) was an Indian politician. He was elected seven times as a member of Lok Sabha (parliament) from Dadra and Nagar Haveli from 1989 to 2009 and from 2019 until his death. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Delkar was born in Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
Delkar died on 22 February 2021 in Mumbai, Maharashtra at the age of 58. The cause of death was suicide.
References
Other websites
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
1962 births
2021 deaths
Indian politicians
People who committed suicide
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Blaine Gabbert

Blaine Gabbert is an American football quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League. He played college football for the Missouri Tigers. He also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars.
Early life
Gabbert was born in Ballwin, Missouri, USA and went to Parkway West High School, where he played high school football. In his sophomore season, he threw for about 1,100 yards and 11 touchdowns as a first-year starter. As a junior, he had 1,523 yards and 20 scores and also added 458 yards and 8 TDs rushing. He threw 623 passing yards and five touchdowns as a senior, despite an injured foot that limited him to four games. He was considered one of the best players entering college at his position.
College
Gabbert started his college football career as only a third string player. Here are his statistics with the Missouri Tigers:
Professional career
Jacksonville Jaguars
After an impressive showing at the combine, Gabbert was taken 10th overall by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the 2011 NFL Draft. Gabbert, who to his credit was playing on a team that had done very poorly the past several years, had a bad season in 2011. He was sacked 40 times (3rd most in league history), fumbled 14 times, and threw only 12 touchdown passes next to eleven interceptions as Jacksonville's bad luck continued. Analysts noted how Gabbert's height decreased when he threw, which is the opposite of what is supposed to happen.
San Francisco 49ers
On March 11, 2014, Gabbert got traded to the San Francisco 49ers.
References
Rivals.com pro-style quarterbacks 2008, January 16, 2008
Tucker, Billy (November 16, 2007), ESPN.com, "Gabbert drawn by Mizzou's coaches"
The Sporting News, September 9, 2008, "Missouri burns QB Gabbert's redshirt"
Laymance, Reid. Stltoday.com. "Blaine Gabbert entering 2011 draft".
nfldraftscout.com. "Blaine Gabbert, DS #1 QB, Missouri" .
nfl.com. "NFL Events: Combine Player Profiles - Blaine Gabbert".
Jags send two picks to 'Skins, draft QB Gabbert at No. 10-NFL.com
Jaguars sign Gabbert-ESPN
1989 births
American football quarterbacks
Sportspeople from Missouri
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Living people
Pianola

The pianola (pronounce: "pee-ah-NO-la"), also called the player piano, is a piano which has a pneumatic mechanism so that it can play by itself. The air for this system came from a pump operated by the player's feet, and in some later models, an electric pump. Inside the piano are paper rolls which have holes punched in them. These holes release air which in turn triggers the keys to play. When the pianola plays itself the keys of the piano can be seen "playing themselves".
The pianola was developed around the 1880s. It was fitted with control levers so that the player ("player pianist" or "pianolist") could play in the way he wanted. The pianola made it possible for the player to sound as if he was playing very difficult music that he was not capable of playing. At the same time he could control the performance.
The pianola became popular in the late 19th and early 20th century as mass-produced pianos became popular in people's homes and more and more people bought sheet music. By the 1920s it started to become less popular again as the gramophone had been invented.
A pianola is the same as any other piano except it is fitted with a pneumatic player action, which plays paper rolls. This mechanism consists of about one hundred bellows, large and small, the smaller ones being called pneumatics of which there are 88, one for each note on the piano.The largest are the foot operated ones,called the bellows. Other pneumatics of varying sizes operate the roll motor, tracking device, motor speed governor, and the sustain and soft pedals.
Percussion instruments
Albert Lutuli

Albert John Luthuli (1898 - 21 July 1967) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, traditional leader, and politician who was the President-General of the African National Congress from 1952 until his death in 1967.
He was born to a Zulu family at a Seventh-day Adventist mission in Bulawayo. He went to his family's ancestral home of Groutville, in the Colony of Natal in 1908 to go to school under the care of his uncle. After graduating from high school with a teaching degree, He went a small school in Natal where he was the only teacher. Then he went to Adams College. He got a Higher Teacher's Diploma and became a teacher there - one of their first African teachers. He was the secretary of the Natal Native Teachers' Association, and then its president.
In 1935 when he was elected chief of the Umvoti River Reserve in Groutville. He joined the African National Congress in 1944. In 1952 he led the Defiance Campaign to protest against the pass laws. He was deposed by the South African government as chief. He was elected President-General of the ANC. He was against the use of violence. In 1961 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
References
Nobel Peace Prize winners
1898 births
1967 deaths
South African politicians
Highland Park, New Jersey

Highland Park is a borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States in the New York City metropolitan area.
References
Boroughs in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
Einstein's Cross

Einstein's Cross is an image of a quasar which is 8,000,000,000 light years (ly) or 2,500,000,000 parsecs (pc) away.
The quasar sits directly behind ZW 2237+030, Huchra's lens, the lensing galaxy. Four images of the same distant quasar appear around this foreground galaxy due to strong gravitational lensing.
According to its redshift, the quasar is about 8 billion light years from Earth, while the lensing galaxy is only 400 million light years away.
Amateur astronomers are able to see some of the cross using telescopes but it requires extremely dark skies and telescope mirrors with diameters of 18 inches or greater.
References
Astronomical objects
Dennis Richardson

Dennis Michael Richardson (July 30, 1949 - February 26, 2019) was an American politician. On January 2, 2017, he became the 26th Secretary of State of Oregon. He was the Republican candidate for Governor of Oregon in the 2014 Oregon gubernatorial election.
Richardson was born in Los Angeles, California. He studied at Brigham Young University. He served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2003 to 2015.
In May 2018, Richardson was diagnosed with glioblastoma, a rare form of brain cancer. He died on February 26, 2019 from the disease in Central Point, Oregon, aged 69.
References
Other websites
Oregon Secretary of State
Campaign website
1949 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from glioblastoma
Politicians from Los Angeles
Politicians from Oregon
State legislators of the United States
Republican Party (United States) politicians
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Lawyers from Los Angeles
Lawyers from Oregon
Military people from California
Woodblock printing

Woodblock printing is a way of printing images or text. It is common in East Asia. In Japan, ukiyo-e is the best known art woodblock prints.
Printing
Textile arts
Radiator

A radiator is a device used to move heat from one location to another location. Some radiators are used to cool things, such as a car engine. Some radiators are used to heat
things, such as a house.
History
The Roman hypocaust is an early example of a type of radiator for building space heating. Franz San Galli, a Prussian-born Russian businessman living in St. Petersburg, is credited with inventing the heating radiator around 1855, having received a radiator patent in 1857, but American Joseph Nason developed a primitive radiator in 1841 and received a number of U.S. patents for hot water and steam heating.
Cooling
Most cars use a radiator to cool the engine. To produce power, engines must burn a fuel. This creates a lot of heat. If the heat is not removed, the engine will overheat and stop running. The radiator is connected to the engine with hoses.
A liquid flows into the engine. Heat is moved from the engine to the liquid. The heat moves because of Newton's Law of Cooling. This law says that heat will move from something hot to something cooler.
The liquid then moved into the radiator. The radiator has many small tubes for the liquid to flow through. Air moves around to the tubes to cool them. This cools the liquid. The liquid then return to the engine. This is a closed loop.
Indoor heating
Many houses are located in areas that get cold. Heat needs to be added to the house so the people are comfortable. A radiator is placed in a room to add heat to the room. The heat is created by a furnace. A heating radiator works just like a cooling radiator. The heat from the furnace moves to the radiator. The room is cooler than the radiator. The heat moves from the radiator into the room to warm the room.
References
Auto parts
Home appliances
HVAC
Russell T Davies

Russell T Davies, OBE (born Stephen Russell Davies, 27 April 1963), is a critically acclaimed British television producer and writer from Swansea, Wales. He is known for television programmes such as Queer as Folk and The Second Coming, and for bringing back the popular science-fiction television series Doctor Who, and creating its spin-off series Torchwood and The Sarah Jane Adventures. He wrote the Book Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale. In 2015 three new shows by Davies, Cucumber, Banana, and Tofu, started,
He used to write doctor who episodes for Christopher Eccleston and David Tennant then left doctor who for a while but now returns in 2023 to write new doctor who episodes for the current doctor Ncuti Gatwa.
Davies is openly gay.
References
Other websites
British screenwriters
British television producers
British television writers
LGBT writers
People from Swansea
Welsh LGBT people
Writers from Glamorgan
1963 births
Living people
Jacobswoude

Jacobswoude is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2009, it has been part of the new municipality of Kaag en Braassem.
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of South Holland
Kaag en Braassem
Juninho Pernambucano

Juninho Pernambucano (born 30 January 1975) is a former Brazilian football player. He plays for Vasco da Gama. He is known as one of the best free-kick takers of all time with 77 goals the most in history.
Club career statistics
|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|Sport Recife||rowspan="2"|Serie A||2||0||||||||||||||2||0
|-
|1994||22||2||||||||||||||22||2
|-
|1995||rowspan="7"|Vasco da Gama||rowspan="7"|Serie A||21||4||||||||||||||21||4
|-
|1996||15||7||||||||||||||15||7
|-
|1997||18||4||||||||||||||18||4
|-
|1998||18||4||||||||||||||18||4
|-
|1999||17||2||||||||||||||17||2
|-
|2000||22||5||||||||||||||22||5
|-
|2001||0||0||||||||||||||0||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="8"|Olympique Lyonnais||Division 1||29||5||2||0||2||0||8||0||41||5
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="7"|Ligue 1||31||13||1||0||1||0||8||0||41||13
|-
|2003/04||32||10||3||2||1||0||10||5||46||17
|-
|2004/05||32||13||2||1||1||0||9||2||44||16
|-
|2005/06||32||8||4||1||0||0||8||4||44||13
|-
|2006/07||31||10||2||1||2||0||7||1||42||12
|-
|2007/08||32||8||4||2||2||0||8||3||46||13
|-
|2008/09||30||8||1||0||1||0||7||3||39||11
|-
|2009/10||Al-Gharafa||Stars League||||||||||||||||||||
135||28||||||||||||||135||28
249||75||19||7||10||0||65||18||343||100
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
384||103||19||7||10||0||65||18||478||128
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1999||4||0
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
|2001||4||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||4||0
|-
|2004||10||0
|-
|2005||10||4
|-
|2006||5||2
|-
!Total||40||6
|}
References
1975 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Sportspeople from Recife
Víctor Valdés

Victor Valdes (born 14 January 1982) is a retired Spanish football player. He most notably played for Barcelona.
Club career statistics
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="8"|Barcelona||rowspan="8"|La Liga||14||0||1||0||5||0||20||0
|-
|2003/04||33||0||6||0||5||0||44||0
|-
|2004/05||35||0||0||0||8||0||43||0
|-
|2005/06||35||0||2||0||12||0||49||0
|-
|2006/07||38||0||2||0||8||0||48||0
|-
|2007/08||35||0||6||0||11||0||52||0
|-
|2008/09||35||0||0||0||14||0||49||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
225||0||17||0||63||0||305||0
225||0||17||0||63||0||305||0
|}
1982 births
Living people
Spanish association football goalkeepers
Manchester United F.C. players
FC Barcelona players
Michèle Victory

Michele Victory (born 1958) is a French politician for the Socialist Party and a member of the French National Assembly for Ardeche's 2nd constituency. She was first a substitute candidate in 2007 and became a member of the assembly in December 2017.
On 9 March 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, she tested positive for the virus.
References
1958 births
Living people
French politicians
Secretary General of NATO

The Secretary General of NATO () is an international diplomat who serves as the chief civil servant of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
The Secretary General is responsible for coordinating the workings of the alliance, leading NATO's international staff, chairing the meetings of the North Atlantic Council and most major committees of the alliance, with the notable exception of the NATO Military Committee, and acting as NATO's spokesperson.
The current Secretary General is Jens Stoltenberg, the former Prime Minister of Norway, who took office on 1 October 2014.
List of Secretaries General
Notes
References
Don Larsen

Donald James Larsen (August 7, 1929 - January 1, 2020) was an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher. During a 15-year MLB career, he pitched from 1953-1967 for seven different teams. Larsen was born in Michigan City, Indiana, but was raised in San Diego, California.
Larsen pitched for the St. Louis Browns / Baltimore Orioles (1953-1954; 1965), New York Yankees (1955-1959), Kansas City Athletics (1960-1961), Chicago White Sox (1961), San Francisco Giants (1962-1964), Houston Colt .45's / Houston Astros (1964-1965), and Chicago Cubs (1967).
Larsen died on January 1, 2020 in Hayden, Idaho at the age of 90 from esophageal cancer.
References
Other websites
Don Larsen's official site
The box score for Larsen's perfect game
Retrosheet
ESPN: Fifty years later, Larsen's life still close to perfect
1929 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Baltimore Orioles players
New York Yankees players
Oakland Athletics players
Chicago White Sox players
San Francisco Giants players
Houston Astros players
Chicago Cubs players
Sportspeople from Indiana
Sportspeople from San Diego, California
People from Michigan City, Indiana
Emanuel Steward

Emanuel "Manny" Steward (July 7, 1944 - October 25, 2012) was an American boxer, trainer, and commentator. He worked for HBO Boxing. He was also called the Godfather of Detroit Boxing. Steward trained 41 world champion fighters. His heavyweight fighters had a combined record of 34-2-1 in title fights. He was added into the International Boxing Hall Of Fame, and the World Boxing Hall of Fame.
Steward died October 25, 2012 of problems caused by diverticulitis surgery and colon cancer at a hospital in Chicago, Illinois at the age of 68.
References
1944 births
2012 deaths
American boxers
American sports commentators
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from surgical complications
Deaths from diverticulitis
Sportspeople from West Virginia
Sportspeople from Detroit