pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Earth's core

The Earth's core is the part of Earth in the middle of our planet. It has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core. The temperature of the outer core ranges from 4400 degC in the outer regions to 6100 degC near the inner core.
Seismic measurements prove the core has two parts, a "solid" inner core with a radius of 1,220 km and a liquid outer core extending beyond it to a radius of 3,400 km. The densities are between 9,900 and 12,200 kg/m3 in the outer core and 12,600-13,000 kg/m3 in the inner core.
Outer core
The outer core of the Earth is a liquid layer about 2,400 kilometers thick. It is made of iron and nickel. This is above the Earth's solid inner core and below the mantle. Its outer boundary is beneath the Earth's surface. The transition between the inner core and outer core is about beneath the Earth's surface.
The temperature of the outer core ranges from 4400 degC in the outer regions to 6100 degC near the inner core. Eddy currents in the nickel iron fluid of the outer core are believed to influence the Earth's magnetic field. Convection in the outer core, combined with the Coriolis effect, gives rise to Earth's magnetic field. The solid inner core is too hot to hold a permanent magnetic field. It may stabilize the magnetic field generated by the liquid outer core.
The average magnetic field strength in the Earth's outer core is 25 Gauss, 50 times stronger than the magnetic field at the surface.
Without the outer core, life on Earth would be very different. Convection of liquid metals in the outer core creates the Earth's magnetic field. This magnetic field extends outward from the Earth for several thousand kilometers, and creates a protective magnetosphere around the Earth that deflects the Sun's solar wind. Without this field, the solar wind would directly strike the Earth's atmosphere. This might have removed the Earth's atmosphere, making the planet nearly lifeless. It may have happened to Mars.
Inner core
The inner core of the Earth, was detected by Inge Lehmann using seismology. It is a solid sphere about in radius, or about 70% that of the Moon. It is believed to be an iron-nickel alloy, and may have a temperature similar to the Sun's surface, about 5778 K (5505 degC).
In 2015, Prof Xiaodong Song from the University of Illinois and other researchers in China suggested the inner core has two layers. The seismic wave data suggests that crystals in the "inner inner core" are in an east-to-west direction. Those in the "outer inner core" are lined up north to south. Another scientist commented: "If this is true, it would imply that something very substantial happened to flip the orientation of the core to turn the alignment of crystals in the inner core north-south as is seen today in its outer parts". Other scientists are checking their data.
References
Structure of the Earth
Persecution

Persecution is the mistreatment (bad treatment) of an individual or group by another group. People can be persecuted for any reasons; it is usually because of their religion, ethnicity, politics, sexuality, gender or gender identity.
Religious persecution is persecution of people that are part of a religion, or who are not part of a different religion. The most important organization to persecute people was the Christian Church. For about three hundred years there was persecution of Christianity in the Roman Empire. During the next three hundred years, the Christian Church started to have a great effect by becoming the most important persecuting organization in human history. Persecution by Christians began in the 4th century Anno Domini, and the Christian Church was the most important persecuting organization for 1,500 years. The Christian Church was very active in the persecution of Christians - especially Christians the Church said were heretics - and in the persecution of Jews. In classical antiquity, the Roman Republic started to control the religion of Bacchus in 186 BC. Although the Roman Senate did not make the religion illegal, it stopped some parts of the cult. The Roman Empire's persecution of Christians, and then its persecution of non-Christians were both motivated by the religions of the persecutors (paganism and Christianity).
References
Other page
Oppression
Right of asylum
Social issues
Violence
Sociology
Waupun, Wisconsin

Waupun is a city in Dodge and Fond du Lac counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 11,340 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Wisconsin
Johanna Mikl-Leitner

Johanna Mikl-Leitner (born February 9, 1964 in Hollabrunn) is an Austrian politician of the OVP.
Mikl-Leitner has been governor of Lower Austria since April 19, 2017, succeeding fellow party member Erwin Proll. She had already been active in Lower Austrian politics.
On a national level, she was a member of the National Council (Nationalrat) from 1999 to 2003, and from 2011 to 2016 interior minister in the First and Second Faymann government.
Mikl-Leitner grew up in the Weinviertel region of Lower Austria. She obtained a masters at Vienna University of Economics and Business, worked as a teacher, at Austrian employers' organization (Industriellenvereinigung) and at a publishing company before entering into politics.
She is married with two daughters, and lives in Klosterneuburg.
References
Bio at Austrian Parliament Website
Other websites
Homepage
1964 births
Living people
Government ministers of Austria
Governors of Austrian States
People from Lower Austria
Nienburg

Nienburg is a town and capital of the district Nienburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
Geography
Geographical location
Nienburg is on the river Weser, approx. southeast of Bremen, and northwest of Hanover. Nienburg is the largest town in the Mittelweserregion.
Population
(in each case December 31st)
1998 - 32.789
1999 - 32.659
2000 - 32.611
2001 - 32.454
2002 - 32.462
2003 - 32.543
2004 - 32.691
2005 - 32.803
Town's structure
Nienburg, including quarters
Erichshagen
Holtorf
Langendamm
Schaferhof/Kattriede
Nordertor
Leintor
Lehmwandlung
Alpheide
Town council
The 38 members of the "Stadtrat" are made up of:
Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands - CDU 14
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands - SPD 17
Bundnis 90/Die Grunen - Grune 3
Freie Demokratische Partei-FDP 2
Wahlergemeinschaft - WG 1
Die Linke 1
(September 10, 2006)
Twin towns
Nienburg has two twin towns:
Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
Vitebsk, Belarus
References
Stanley Price (writer)

Stanley Price (12 August 1931 - 28 February 2019) was a British novelist and playwright. He wrote for the theatre, movie and television. He was born in London. Price was known for writing the screenplays for Arabesque, Gold and Shout at the Devil. For television, he wrote A Royal Scandal. Price was born in London.
Price died on 28 February 2019 in London at the age of 87.
References
Other websites
1931 births
2019 deaths
British novelists
British playwrights
British screenwriters
British television writers
Writers from London
Alexander Butterfield

Alexander Porter Butterfield (born April 6, 1926) is a U.S. military officer, public servant, and businessman. He served as the deputy assistant to President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1973.
Butterfield revealed the existence of the White House taping system on July 13, 1973, during the Watergate scandal investigation, but had no involvement in the scandal. From 1973 to 1975, he served as administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
References
Other websites
1926 births
Living people
Military people from Florida
Businesspeople from Florida
Politicians from Florida
People from Pensacola, Florida
Cassadee Pope

Cassadee Pope (born August 28, 1989) is an American country musician. She was the lead singer of the group Hey Monday. She started performing by herself in the early 2010s.
Her song "Wasting all These Tears" was released in 2013. It received favorable reviews.
Pope was born in West Palm Beach, Florida.
References
Country musicians from Florida
Musicians from Florida
1989 births
Living people
Daulet Sembaev

Daulet Hamituly Sembaev (10 August 1935 - 15 November 2021) was a Kazakh politician and banker. He was the First Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 1992 to 1993 and the Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 1992. He was the chairman of the National Bank of Kazakhstan from 1993 until 1996. He was a member of the Senate of Kazakhstan from 1996 until 1997. Sembaev was born in Alma-Ata, Kazakh ASSR, Soviet Union.
Sembaev died on 15 November 2021 in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan at the age of 86.
References
1935 births
2021 deaths
Kazakhstani politicians
Bankers
Aaron Hughes

Aaron Hughes (born 8 November 1979) is a Northern Irish football player. He plays for Fulham and Northern Ireland national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="8"|Newcastle United||rowspan="8"|Premier League||4||0||1||0||1||0||2||0||8||0
|-
|1998/99||14||0||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1999/00||27||2||4||0||0||0||3||0||34||2
|-
|2000/01||35||0||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||40||0
|-
|2001/02||34||0||5||1||3||0||6||2||48||3
|-
|2002/03||35||1||1||0||0||0||12||0||48||1
|-
|2003/04||34||0||2||0||0||0||11||0||47||0
|-
|2004/05||22||1||2||0||2||0||10||0||36||1
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Aston Villa||rowspan="2"|Premier League||35||0||4||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||41||0
|-
|2006/07||19||0||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Fulham||rowspan="3"|Premier League||30||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|-
|2008/09||37||0||5||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||43||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
326||4||30||1||17||0||44||2||417||7
326||4||30||1||17||0||44||2||417||7
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1998||5||0
|-
|1999||5||0
|-
|2000||6||0
|-
|2001||6||0
|-
|2002||4||0
|-
|2003||8||0
|-
|2004||6||0
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
|2007||6||0
|-
|2008||6||0
|-
|2009||8||0
|-
!Total||70||0
|}
References
1979 births
Living people
Northern Irish footballers
Rika Masuya

is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Masuya was born in Matsushige, Tokushima on September 14, 1995. After graduating from JFA Academy Fukushima, she joined INAC Kobe Leonessa in 2014. She played 133 matches and scored 27 goals for the club. In 2021, she moved to new club Sanfrecce Hiroshima Regina.
In September 2012, Masuya was selected the Japan U-17 national team for 2012 U-17 World Cup. On September 13, 2014, when she was 18 years old, she debuted for the Japan national team against Ghana. She played for Japan at 2014 Asian Games. She played 6 games and scored 2 goals. Japan won the 2nd place. In 2018, she played at 2018 Asian Cup and Japan won the championship. She played 27 games and scored 6 goals for Japan until 2018.
Statistics
References
Other websites
Japan Football Association
1995 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokushima Prefecture
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
INAC Kobe Leonessa players
2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup players
Footballers at the 2014 Asian Games
Footballers at the 2018 Asian Games
AFC Women's Asian Cup-winning players
Asian Games medalists in football
Asian Games gold medalists for Japan
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
Bonnard, Yonne

Bonnard is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
François Mathey

Francois Mathey(August 17, 1917 in Ronchamp (Haute-Saone) - January 3, 1993 in Coulommiers, Seine-et-Marne) was a French museum curator. He was curator, then chief curator at the Museum of Decorative Arts from 1953 to 1985.
In 1967, Mathey succeeded in bringing Jean Dubuffet's personal collection into an "institution", the museum of decorative arts, even though the artist rejected academic structures. Mathey was interested in the artist Jean-Joseph Sanfourche, who was selected for important exhibitions "Des singuliers de l'art" in 1978 at the Museum of Modern Art of the City of Paris and at the Museum of Decorative Arts, in 1980, as part of the "international heritage year".
References
1917 births
1993 deaths
People from Bourgogne-Franche-Comte
Transduction (physiology)

In physiology, transduction is the change of a stimulus from one form to another.
Transduction in the nervous system means synaptic events where an electrical signal is converted into a chemical one by the release of neurotransmitters.
In sensory transduction a chemical or physical stimulus is transduced by sensory receptors into an electrical signal.
For example, in the visual system, sensory cells called rod and cone cells in the retina change the physical energy of light signals into electrical impulses that travel to the brain. The light causes a change in a protein called rhodopsin.
In mammals, more light hitting the receptor results in the transduction of a signal into fewer electrical impulses. In invertebrates, more rhodopsin activation results in increased frequency of neuron firing.
Related pages
Signal transduction
References
physiology
Jermaine Dupri

Jermaine Dupri Mauldin (born September 23, 1972) is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, DJ, and entrepreneur. He and Janet Jackson were partners from 2002 to 2009. Dupri is a member of the hip hop group Kris Kross and has collaborated with artists, including Mariah Carey and Usher. He released his first album, Life in 1472 in 1998.
References
1972 births
American DJs
American hip hop musicians
African-American rappers
Rappers from North Carolina
American record producers
American R&B musicians
American songwriters
People from Asheville, North Carolina
Living people
Zaal Udumashvili

Zaal (Zaliko) Udumashvili (born 27 February 1971) is a Georgian journalist and politician. Member of Parliament of Georgia.
Other websites
Biographical Dictionary of Georgia
1971 births
Living people
Politicians from Georgia (country)
Journalists from Georgia (country)
Bréançon

Breancon is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Runnels County, Texas

Runnels County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 9,900 people lived there. The county seat is Ballinger.
References
Texas counties
Matt Hill

Matt Hill (born January 19, 1968) is a Canadian voice actor working for Ocean Productions. His roles include in Ed in Ed, Edd n Eddy, Kevin Keene/Captain N in Captain N: The Game Master, Kira Yamato in Mobile Suit: Gundam SEED and Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny, Raphael in Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation, Roy Sanada in Ronin Warriors, Carlos in Transformers: Armada, Ironhide in Transformers: Energon and Artha Penn and Dragon Booster in Dragon Booster.
Other websites
1968 births
Living people
Actors from Vancouver
Canadian voice actors
Congregational church

Congregationalism is a way to organize Christian (usually Protestant) churches. With Congregationalism, each church or community has a lot of autonomy. Anabaptist, Baptist, and Pentecostal movements are often organised this way. It is different from Presbyteranism, where a number of elders govern the churches, and from Episcopalism, where a number of bishops govern the churches. Originally, Congregationalism was part of the Anglican church, who took some of the teachings of Jean Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli, in the 16th and 17th century. Those who wanted congregationalism usually were Puritans.
Christian movements and denominational families
The Illinois

The Mile High Illinois, Illinois Sky-City, or simply The Illinois was a proposed skyscraper that would have been high, said by Frank Lloyd Wright in his 1956 book, A Testament.
The design, was to be built in Chicago, would have included 528 stories, with an area of . Wright said that there would be parking for 15,000 cars and 150 helicopters.
Chicago is known for good reason as the "Windy City", though it is not the windiest city in the U.S. Had it been built, the Illinois would have been the tallest building in the world by far: more than four times the height of the then tallest building in the world, the Empire State Building, and nearly twice as tall as the world's current tallest building, the Burj Khalifa.
The building is one of the visionary buildings meant to be an alternative to the increasing urban sprawl occurring in most cities. None of these has ever been viewed as financially feasible.
The design of the Burj Khalifa, the current tallest building in the world, is said to have been inspired by that of The Illinois.
Related pages
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world
References
Other websites
Wright information page
Italian page on the Illinois
Qualcomm Stadium renovation in San Diego may include Illinois-like supertall
Details several tall building designs, including The Illinois
Drawing of The Illinois at Skyscraperpage.com
Skyscrapers in Chicago
Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
Arcology
Proposed buildings
Television Hall of Fame

The Television Academy Hall of Fame was founded by a former president of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), John H. Mitchell (1921-1988), to honor individuals who have made big contributions to U.S. television.
The first ceremony in 1984 celebrated the careers of Lucille Ball, Milton Berle, Paddy Chayefsky, Norman Lear, Edward R. Murrow, William S. Paley and David Sarnoff.
References
Other websites
Official site
Hall of Fame Honorees: Complete List
ATAS TV Hall of Fame (full list of honorees)
1984 establishments in the United States
ESTREAM

eSTREAM is a project to identify "new stream ciphers that might become suitable for widespread adoption", organized by the EU ECRYPT network. It was set up because of the failure of all six stream ciphers submitted to the NESSIE project. The call for primitives was first issued in November 2004. The project was completed in April 2008. The project was divided into separate phases and the project goal was to find algorithms suitable for different kinds of application.
Other websites
Homepage for the project
Discussion forum
The eSTREAM testing framework
Update 1: (PDF)
Notes on the ECRYPT Stream Cipher project by Daniel Bernstein
estreamJ - Java implementations of eSTREAM ciphers, plus a live performance test
Cryptography
Archie Shepp

Archie Shepp (born May 24, 1937) is an American jazz saxophonist. He played in a Latin jazz band for a short time before joining the band of avant-garde pianist Cecil Taylor.
With 1972's Attica Blues and The Cry of My People, he spoke out for civil rights; the former album was a response to the Attica Prison riots.
Shepp was also a professor of African-American Studies at SUNY in Buffalo, New York.
References
Other websites
Official site
Stewart Smith, "Archie Shepp interview", Summerhall, July 31, 2012.
Phil Freeman, "Interview: Archie Shepp on John Coltrane, the Blues and More" , Red Bull Music Academy, August 25, 2014.
1937 births
Living people
American saxophonists
American pianists
American composers
American civil rights activists
Educators from Florida
Musicians from New York City
Musicians from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Educators from New York City
United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States government that is responsible for the United States Census.
The Census Bureau is a part of the United States Department of Commerce.
Legal mandate
The Constitution of the United States says that the population must be counted at least once every ten years (through the U.S. Census). This is done to calculate how many Federal Representatives in Congress each state should have. The Census Bureau is in charge of doing this. It collects statistics about the nation, its people, and its economy. The Census Bureau's legal authority is listed in Title 13 of the United States Code. The first census bureau was in 1790.
Organizational structure
Since 1903, The Bureau of the Census has been the census-taking organization of the United States government. The Bureau is led by a Director, who is helped by a deputy director and associate directors.
The Census Bureau headquarters is located at 4600 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland. There are regional offices in 12 cities: Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Detroit, Chicago, Kansas City, Seattle, Charlotte, Atlanta, Dallas, Denver, and Los Angeles. More offices are set up and used when it comes time to do the census every 10 years.
Population estimates
The Census Bureau also use real-time extrapolation of information on population, birth, and death to give their estimates of the number of people in the United States and the world.
References
The original version of this article was adapted from U.S. Census Bureau text.
What the U.S. Census Bureau does and how it does it are detailed in Title 13 of the United States Code.
Other websites
United States Census Bureau website
U.S. and World Population Clocks - POPClocks
RSS Feed
Census Bureau
Census Bureau
Statistics organizations
Gje

Gje (or ) (Gj gj) is the 6th letter of the Macedonian alphabet.
It is derived from the Cyrillic letter Ge.
Cyrillic letters
Radoje Kontić

Radoje Kontic (Radoje Kontitsh) (born May 31, 1937) is a Montenegrin politician and technologist. He was born in Niksic, Zeta Banovina, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He was the last Chairman of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro's Executive Council from 1989 to 1991. He also was the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from February 9, 1993 until May 19, 1998 when he lost a no-confidence vote.
He was a member of the League of Communists of Montenegro and later a member of the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro.
References
1937 births
Living people
Prime ministers
Yugoslavian politicians
Montenegrin people
Paranasal sinuses

Paranasal sinuses are parts of the nasal cavity. They are usually counted to be part of the respiratory system. They are mucous membranes, which are mostly inside bones. These bones are then filled with air, which makes the skull look bigger, without adding much extra weight. Prenasal cavities can be found in mammals, most birds, dinosaurs, and crocodilians.
Since sinuses are in virtually all land vertebrates, they must have a function. They are covered with a mucosa, epidermal cells which are moist and make mucus. This moistens and warms the air on its way into the lungs. The mucus also picks up particles which come in with the air. A variety of possible functions have been proposed:
Decreasing the relative weight of the front of the skull, and especially the bones of the face.
Increasing resonance of the voice.
Providing a buffer against face damage.
Insulating sensitive structures like dental roots and eyes from rapid temperature fluctuations in the nasal cavity.
Humidifying and heating of inhaled air because of slow air turnover in this region.
Regulation of intranasal and serum gas pressures.
Immunological defence.
References
Head (body part)
Wilhelm Grimm

Wilhelm Carl Grimm (also Karl; 24 February 178616 December 1859) was a German author and anthropologist. He was the younger brother of Jacob Grimm, of the literary duo the Brothers Grimm.
From 1837 to 1841, the Grimm brothers joined five of their colleague professors at the University of Gottingen to form a group known as the Gottinger Sieben (The Gottingen Seven). They protested against Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover.
Notes
References
1786 births
1859 deaths
Writers from Hesse
German academics
European anthropologists
Steinfort

Steinfort () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen.
As of 2019, 5,281 people live here.
Communes of Luxembourg
Ruy Ohtake

Ruy Ohtake (27 January 1938 -- 27 November 2021) was a Brazilian architect. He was the son of artist Tomie Ohtake. He was known for designing the Brazilian Embassy in Tokyo and the Sao Paulo Pavilion at the Expo '90. Ohtake was born in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Ohtake died on 27 November 2021, in Sao Paulo from myelodysplastic syndrome at the age of 83.
References
1938 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
Brazilian architects
People from Sao Paulo
Papi Oviedo

Gilberto "Papi" Oviedo la Portilla (9 February 1938 - 31 October 2017) was a Cuban tres player. He was born in La Habana. He started playing the tres when he was about 15. Oviedo was the tres player in Elio Reve's band for 13 years. He has been on tour with Buena Vista Social Club exposing the son style to wider audiences.
Oviedo died of lung cancer in Havana, Cuba on 31 October 2017 at the age of 79.
References
1938 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cuban musicians
Georgia Engel

Georgia Bright Engel (July 28, 1948 - April 12, 2019) was an American actress. She was the voice of Bobbie in the Open Season franchise. She was also on The Mary Tyler Moore Show and on Everybody Loves Raymond. She had two Emmy nominations for both shows. She was born in Washington, D.C..
She played a good witch in the 2007 recurring role of Esmeralda on the NBC soap opera Passions.
Engel died of unknown causes in Princeton, New Jersey on April 12, 2019 at the age of 70.
References
Other websites
1948 births
2019 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
Aleksandr Gordon

Aleksandr Vitalievich Gordon (26 December 1931 - 7 December 2020) was a Russian actor and movie director. He was born in Moscow. His career began in 1956. His best known role as George in The Killers (1956). He directed and wrote the 1957 student movie There Will Be No Leave Today.
Gordon died on 7 December 2020 in Moscow, just a few weeks before his 89th birthday.
References
1931 births
2020 deaths
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Russian movie directors
Russian screenwriters
Actors from Moscow
Writers from Moscow
Donald A. Ritchie

Donald A. Ritchie (born December 23, 1945) is an American historian. He was the second Historian of the United States Senate from 2009 until 2015.
References
Other websites
C-SPAN Q&A interview with Ritchie, August 15, 2010
Don Ritchie on the History of the Oral History Association, September 25, 2015.
"Donald Ritchie on Deep Throat." [interview], National Review, June 1, 2005
"Interview with Donald A. Ritchie, Oral Historian at the USA senate", veruscacalabria, August 9, 2010
Fast Forward: Oral History in the 21st Century by Donald Ritchie
The Election of 1932: Photographs
The Election of 1932: Cartoons
1945 births
Living people
Historians of the United States Senate
Writers from New York City
Itadaki Street DS

Itadaki Street DS (itadakisutoritoDS, lit. "Top Street DS") is a game for the Nintendo DS. It was created by Square Enix. Like other installments in the Itadaki Street series, Itadaki Street DS is a Monopoly-like game that has some Mario Party-esque elements added to it due to the appearance of several Mario characters (minigames, for example). It was released on June 21, 2007 only in Japan.
A follow-up to this game, titled Fortune Street was released for the Wii in December 2011.
Gameplay
Players move around the board, buying shops and collecting money from others who land on their shop spaces. Depending on circumstances, some players can forcibly take over another player's shop spaces, or make them inactive for a turn. Players can also hold shares of a block of spaces so that they get paid when someone lands on any space in that block, even if it is not their own.
Players get bonuses for leveling up, which is done by passing four special spaces on the board (each marked with a suit- Club, Diamond, Heart, and Spade) and then going to the Bank space. If the player lands on one of these special spaces instead of passing them, they get a chance to randomly draw a "chance card", which affects gameplay or a player. Usually, the goal is to reach a certain total property value and get to the Bank, or to make a player bankrupt. There is also a special "Casino" space where themed games of chance occur.
Characters
There are 23 playable characters in Itadaki Street DS (if the male and female avatars are counted as one character): Eleven from the Mario series and eleven from the Dragon Quest series. Players are also able to create and customize their own characters that can be played as. Although only four of the characters from both series are playable to begin with, the others can be unlocked by playing through the Tour Mode of the game. Additionally, there are also three Support/Guest characters that players can summon with the help of a card, but are not playable.
Support/Guest Characters
Lakitu (shuts down spaces he passes or lands on for one turn)
Healslime (gives marks necessary for leveling up when player passes it)
Dancing Jewels/GoodyBag (pays out to the owner of any space it lands on)
Trivia
The theme "Hello, Happy Kingdom" from Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars is featured in this game's tutorial level.
This is one of the few games where Mario has written dialogue.
Other websites
http://www.square-enix.co.jp/itastds/
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
2007 video games
Board games
Party video games
Japan exclusive video games
Harris Tweed

Harris Tweed is a tweed cloth that is handwoven by islanders at their homes in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, finished in the Outer Hebrides, and made from pure virgin wool dyed and spun in the Outer Hebrides. This definition, quality standards and protection of the Harris Tweed name are set out in the Harris Tweed Act 1993.
This manufacture protects the reputation of a cloth which is famous for being wind-resistant.
References
Woven fabrics
Sibiu County

Sibiu (; Hungarian: Szeben) is a county (judet) of Romania, in the old area of Transylvania. The capital of Sibiu County is Sibiu.
Geography
Sibiu County has an area of 5,432 square kilometers.
Divisions
Sibiu County has 2 municipalities, 9 towns and 53 communes.
Municipalities
Sibiu - capital city; population: 170,038
Medias
Towns
Agnita
Avrig
Cisnadie
Copsa Mica
Dumbraveni
Miercurea Sibiului
Ocna Sibiului
Saliste
Talmaciu
Communes
References
Sibiu
Transylvania
Selwyn College, Cambridge

Selwyn College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was created in 1882. It is named after George Selwyn, who was an important bishop and also rowed for Cambridge in the first Boat Race. Today it has about 600 students. Selwyn usually does well in exams, but is also one of the poorest colleges.
At the beginning, the college was for Christian male students only. With time, this changed and women were allowed in 1976, which was quite early compared to other colleges. The college is on Grange Road. It is built in red brick and a Gothic Revival architecture style. The college has a Snowball every year. This is like a May Ball, which is a traditional party in Cambridge. Unlike May Balls though, it is in the winter, usually in December.
Some important people have studied here, like Hugh Laurie and Tom Hollander, both actors.
References
Other websites
Official website
Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1882 establishments in England
Tropical Storm Matthew (2010)

Tropical Storm Matthew was a rather weak though costly tropical storm that happened in September 2010. Matthew was responsible for fewer than 130 deaths overall and nearly $2.6 billion in destruction. The storm carried maximum sustained winds of sixty miles per hour at his highest strength.
2010 Atlantic hurricane season
Atlantic tropical storms
September 2010 events
Deadly storms
The Art of Love

The Art of Love is a 1965 American comedy movie. It was directed by Norman Jewison. It was written by Carl Reiner (who also stars). Other actors include James Garner, Dick Van Dyke, Angie Dickinson, and Elke Sommer. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Other websites
1965 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Norman Jewison
Universal Pictures movies
Movies set in Paris
Touchpad

A touchpad (also called a trackpad) is a type of input device for computers that does the same things as a computer mouse. It is made up of a flat, touch-sensitive surface which the user slides one or more fingers on to move the cursor on the screen. Next to the touchpad are push-buttons that work just like mouse buttons, including left-clicking and right-clicking. In some newer touchpads, there are no actual buttons, and clicking is done by pushing near the button of the touchpad itself.
Unlike computer mice, touchpads stay in one place when they are being used. This makes it easy to build them into hardware. They are mostly found on laptop computers because, when the user is travelling, sometimes he or she cannot use a mouse. But most laptops do allow the user is able to attach (connect) a separate mouse. Besides laptops, touchpads are also more and more used on mobile devices with a GUI, including MP3 players (a well-known one being the iPod) and mobile phones (such as the BlackBerry). However, touchpads on today's mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers have been replaced with the touchscreen, which is used much like a touchpad except the screen is built into the touch-sensitive surface itself so that no mouse cursor is needed. One can just touch anywhere on the surface to choose what is on the screen at that part.
Most touchpads have the function of tapping, which imitates the left-click button on a mouse. New models of touchpads often do more things because they can respond to the pressure of more than one finger. This is called multi-touch and makes it possible to do things like scroll though, zoom in and out, and rotate a page or part of the screen. The user can choose and change which functions happen if the user does certain moves. For example, the normal function for tapping on the pad is the left-click on the mouse. The user can change it in the settings section to the right-click of the mouse, if the user likes it better.
Related pages
Computer mouse
Touchscreen
Input device
Computer hardware
Data input
Ioannis Mitropoulos

Ioannis Mitropoulos was a gymnast from Greece. Ioannis competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics. He was born in 1874.
References
Other websites
1874 births
Year of death missing
Greek gymnasts
Greek Olympic gold medalists
Greek Olympic bronze medalists
Sportspeople from Athens
Winnsboro, South Carolina

Winnsboro is a city in Fairfield County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 8,255 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Fairfield County. Winnsboro is a suburb of Columbia, South Carolina.
References
County seats in South Carolina
Cities in South Carolina
Stockach

Stockach is a town in the district of Konstanz in Baden-Wurttemberg in Germany.
References
Other websites
Official website
Konstanz (district)
Pornic

Pornic is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Wickliffe, Kentucky

Wickliffe is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
Erica Watson

Erica Faye Watson (February 26, 1973 - February 27, 2021) was an American actress, comedian and writer. She is best known for her roles in Precious and Chi-Raq.
Biography
Watson grew up in Chicago. She attended St. Thomas the Apostle Elementary School and Kenwood High School. She graduated from Columbia College Chicago.
She died of complications from COVID-19 in Montego Bay, where she had been living until her death, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica, one day after her 48th birthday.
References
Other websites
1973 births
2021 deaths
American movie actors
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica
American television actors
American television writers
Comedians from Chicago
Actors from Chicago
Screenwriters from Chicago
Aubonne (district)

Aubonne was a district of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The capital was Aubonne.
It contained the following municipalities:
Apples
Aubonne
Ballens
Berolle
Biere
Bougy-Villars
Fechy
Gimel
Longirod
Marchissy
Mollens
Montherod
Pizy
Saubraz
Saint-George
Saint-Livres
Saint-Oyens
Former districts of Vaud
Japan Gold Disc Award

The Japan Gold Disc Awards (Ri Ben gorudodeisukuDa Shang ) are honors which are promoted by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ). The awards recognize CD music sales in Japan.
History
It was established 1987.
It is made much of the number of the downloading and sales.
There are many prizes such as "Single of the Year"' and "Album of the Year" or "Artists of the Year".
List of the Artists of the Year [(Traditional Japanese music)]
1987 Akina Nakamori
1988 Rebecca
1989 Boowy
1990 Southern all stars
1991 Yumi Matsutoya
1992 Chage and Aska
1993 Chage and Aska
1994 Wands
1995 TRF
1996 TRF
1997 Namie Amuro
1998 GLAY
1999 B'z
2000 Hikaru Utada
2001 Ayumi Hamasaki
2002 Ayumi Hamasaki
2003 Hikaru Utada
2004 Ayumi Hamasaki
2005 Orange Range
2006 Kumi Koda
2007 Kumi Koda
2008 Exile
2009 Exile
2010 Arashi
2011 Arashi
2012 AKB48
2013 AKB48
List of the Artists of the Year [(Western music)]
1987 Madonna
1988 The Beatles
1989 Bon Jovi
1990 Madonna
1991 Madonna
1992 Guns N' Roses
1993 Madonna
1994 The Beatles
1995 Mariah Carey
1996 Mariah Carey
1997 Me and My
1998 Celine Dion
1999 Celine Dion
2000 Celine Dion
2001 The Beatles
2002 Backstreet Boys
2003 Avril Lavigne
2004 12 Girls Band
2005 Queen
2006 O-zone
2007 Daniel Powter
2008 Avril Lavigne
2009 Madonna
2010 The Beatles
2011 Lady Gaga
2012 Lady Gaga
2013 Che'Nelle
References
Other websites
Gold Disc Awards official site
J-pop
1987 establishments in Japan
Bone Tomahawk

Bone Tomahawk is a 2015 American horror Western cannibal movie written and directed by S. Craig Zahler. It stars Kurt Russell, Patrick Wilson, Matthew Fox, Richard Jenkins, Lili Simmons, Evan Jonigkeit, David Arquette, and Sid Haig. It had its world premiere on September 25, 2015 and was given a limited release in cinemas on October 23, 2015. The reviews from movie critics were very positive.
Plot
The movie is about a small-town sheriff (Kurt Russell) who leads a group of men into a remote desert region to rescue three people who were kidnapped by an extremely violent cannibalistic mute indigenous clan, called the "Troglodytes".
References
Other websites
2015 horror movies
2010s Western (genre) movies
American horror movies
American Western (genre) movies
British horror movies
English-language movies
Movies set in the United States
Movies set in deserts
Movies set in the 1890s
Movies about cannibalism
Yair Lapid

Yair Lapid (Hebrew: yAyr lpyd, born 5 November 1963 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli politician of Yesh Atid ("There is a Future"). He was the Prime Minister of Israel from July 2022 to December 2022. He has been the Leader of the Opposition since 2023, serving in this position before from 2020 to 2021.
Lapid is the founder and party chair of Yesh Atid. He has been a Member of the Israeli parliament, the Knesset since 2013, and was Finance Minister in the Third Netanyahu Government from 2013 to 2014. From 17 May 2020 to 13 June 2021, he was the Leader of the Opposition.
In June 2021, he became the Alternate Prime Minister of Israel and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Bennett-Lapid Government.
On 20 June 2022, then-Prime Minister Naftali Bennett announced that he would call for a vote to dissolve the Knesset and that he would step down as prime minister shortly after the vote. Bennett resigned on 30 June 2022 and Lapid became prime minister on 1 July 2022.
During the 2022 Israeli legislative election on 1 November 2022, his Yesh Atid party gained 7 seats, but his coalition partners lost seats, and his government lost the majority in the Knesset. He was succeeded as Prime Minister of Israel by Benjamin Netanyahu on 29 December 2022, and became Leader of the Opposition again.
Previously Lapid worked as an actor, journalist, news anchor and television presenter. He has also written several books, including novels, children's books, a thriller and an autobiography. He was also a songwriter for numerous Israeli musicians. Some of the songs he wrote became hits which reached the top of the music charts in Israel.
Yair Lapid is the son of the late politician and journalist Tommy Lapid and playwright and novelist Shulamit Lapid.
Related pages
Bennett-Lapid Government
References
Other websites
Bio at Knesset Website
1963 births
Living people
Alternate Prime Ministers of Israel
Current national leaders
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli journalists
Israeli movie actors
Israeli opposition leaders
Israeli political leaders
Israeli television actors
Israeli television presenters
Jewish Israeli actors
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish Israeli writers
Members of the Knesset
People from Tel Aviv
Prime Ministers of Israel
Television news anchors
Yesh Atid politicians
The World's End (movie)

The World's End is a 2013 British-American-Japanese science-fiction comedy movie directed by Edgar Wright. It stars Simon Pegg, Nick Frost, Paddy Considine, Martin Freeman, and Eddie Marsan.
It is the third in the Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy, following Shaun of the Dead (2004) and Hot Fuzz (2007). It was released on 19 July 2013 in the United Kingdom and on 23 August 2013 in the United States. It received positive reviews.
2013 comedy movies
2013 science fiction movies
British comedy movies
British science fiction movies
American comedy movies
American science fiction movies
Japanese comedy movies
Japanese science fiction movies
Apocalyptic movies
Post-apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
Movies directed by Edgar Wright
Sundial

A sundial shows the current solar time during the day. It does this because the sun appears to move through the sky. At different times in the day when the sun is shining, a shadow is cast in different places on the dial. A person marks the dial with the time at a certain shadow. This lets users easily see the time. There are a few commonly seen designs, such as the 'ordinary' or standard horizontal garden sundial. However, sundials can be designed for any surface where a fixed object casts a predictable shadow. They may be horizontal or vertical or tilted.
Ancient Egypt had sundials. Other cultures developed them further, including the Greeks and Romans.
Related pages
Time
Other websites
Sunbeams and Sundials Children's guide to the sun, the seasons and sundials.
There is a book from 1319 that talks about sundails
There is another old book from the 1500's that talks about how to make a sundial. It's written in the Arabic language
Clocks
Saint Vincent (Antilles)

Saint Vincent is an island and is the largest island in the chain of islands called Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The largest city on the island is Kingstown. Kingstown has about 25,418 people.
Saint Vincent is a volcanic island. It was disputed between France and the United Kingdom in the 18th century.
Geography of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Caribbean islands
Soddì

Soddi (Soddie) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 120 people lived there. Its area is 5.24 km2. It is 250 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
George Rosenkranz

George Rosenkranz (born Gyorgy Rosenkranz; 20 August 1916 - 23 June 2019) was a Hungarian-born Mexican scientist in the field of steroid chemistry. He used native Mexican plant sources as raw materials. He was born in Hungary, studied in Switzerland and emigrated to the Americas to escape the Nazis, eventually settling in Mexico.
Rosenkranz died on 23 June 2019 in Atherton, California, United States. He was 102.
References
1916 births
2019 deaths
Mexican centenarians
Mexican scientists
Scientists from Budapest
Nicholas Kristof

Nicholas Donabet Kristof (born April 27, 1959) is an American journalist and political commentator. He is the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes. He is a regular CNN contributor and has written an op-ed column for The New York Times since November 2001.
His works focuses on human rights abuses and social injustices, such as human trafficking and the Darfur conflict.
References
Pulitzer Prize winners
1959 births
Living people
American political commentators
American human rights activists
American columnists
CNN people
American progressives
American political writers
Writers from Oregon
Journalists from Chicago
American bloggers
Luis Lusquiños

Luis Lusquinos (27 November 1951 - 17 June 2017) was an Argentine politician. He was born in the San Luis Province. He had the highest number of absences in the 2005-2009 period. He was appointed Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers during the brief presidency of Adolfo Rodriguez Saa.
Lusquinos died on 17 June 2017 at the age of 65.
References
1951 births
2017 deaths
Argentine politicians
Dominica

The Commonwealth of Dominica is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. It is an English-speaking country. It is between the French-speaking territories of Guadeloupe and Martinique. The island is 751 km2 (290 mi2) in area. Roseau is its capital. Portsmouth is another main town. Almost 70,000 people live on the island.
The currency of the island is the East Caribbean dollar.
The island's name comes from the Latin for Sunday, Dies Dominica. It is not the Spanish-speaking Dominican Republic in the Greater Antilles.
The country is nicknamed the Nature Island of the Caribbean.
Dominica is most famously depicted in Jean Rhys' classic prequel to Jane Eyre, Wide Sargasso Sea.
History
The indigenous Carib people lived in Dominca before it was found by Europeans. They called it Wai'tu kubuli, which means "Tall is her body."
Christopher Columbus came to Dominica in 1493. In 1763, it became a territory of the United Kingdom from which its independence was received on 3 November 1978.
In August 1979, Hurricane David, wiped out its entire infrastructure. On 21 November 2004, the island was hit by its most destructive earthquake in history; Portsmouth and the northern area were deeply affected.
On 18 September 2018, Hurricane Maria, the most powerful storm to hit the island, severely damaged its infrastructure and cut off all its communications to the outside world. The Assessment Capacities Project estimates that the hurricane has caused $1.37 billion in losses across the island, which is equal to 226 percent of its 2016 GDP. As of April 12, there are 65 fatalities confirmed across the island, including 34 who are missing and presumed to be dead.
In 1980, Dame Eugenia Charles became its prime minister, the first female government leader in the West Indies.
Geography
Dominica is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. It is the northernmost of the Windward Islands.
Dominica is largely covered by rainforest. It is home to the world's second-largest hot spring, Boiling Lake.
Morne Trois Pitons National Park is a tropical forest with scenic volcanic features. It was recognised as a World Heritage Site on 4 April 1995.
Administrative divisions
Dominica is divided into 10 parishes, given below with their 2011 Census populations:
Saint Andrew Parish (9,471)
Saint David Parish (6,043)
Saint George Parish (21,241)
Saint John Parish (6,561)
Saint Joseph Parish (5,637)
Saint Luke Parish (1,668)
Saint Mark Parish (1,834)
Saint Patrick Parish (7,622)
Saint Paul Parish (9,786)
Saint Peter Parish (1,430)
Sports
Cricket is a popular sport on the island. Dominica competes in test cricket as part of the West Indies cricket team.
Netball, basketball, rugby, tennis and association football are gaining popularity as well.
Gallery
Related pages
Dominica at the Olympics
Dominica national football team
List of rivers of Dominica
References
Other websites
Dominica in the News
SaKaFete
Official Tourism Website
World Creole Music Festival
Caribbean Community
1978 establishments in North America
Commonwealth member states
Umbrella Movement

The Umbrella Movement () was a political formation that brought about the 2014 Hong Kong protests. It was formed in 2014 as a means of getting the democracy of Hong Kong from China. 2019, nine of the initiators, were found guilty in a Hong Kong court for inciting public nuisance.
References
Politics of the People's Republic of China
2010s in Hong Kong
Eastwood, Louisiana

Eastwood is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Bossier Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Ark-La-Tex
Census-designated places in Louisiana
Settlements in Bossier Parish, Louisiana
Pergola

Pergola is a commune in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino, Italy. The Gilt Bronzes from Cartoceto di Pergola were found here.
References
Cities in Marche
Eric Cornell

Eric Allin Cornell (born December 19, 1961) is an American physicist. Together with Carl E. Wieman he synthesized the first Bose-Einstein condensate in 1995. In 2001 Cornell, Wieman, and Wolfgang Ketterle shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work.
Nobel Prize in Physics winners