pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pedro Calderòn de la Barca

Pedro Calderon de la Barca y Henao (January 17, 1600 - May 25, 1681), was a dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age.
Calderon was born in Madrid. His mother, who was of Flemish descent, died in 1610; his father, who was secretary to the treasury, died in 1615. Calderon was educated at the Jesuit College in Madrid, the Colegio Imperial, with a view to taking orders; but instead, he studied law at Salamanca.
Selected Works
El medico de su honra (The Surgeon of his Honour)
La vida es sueno (Life is a Dream)
El Alcalde de Zalamea (The Mayor of Zalamea)
La Dama duende (The Phantom Lady)
Casa con dos puertas (The House with Two Doors)
El Magico prodigioso (The Mighty Magician)
La Devocion de la Cruz (Devotion to the Cross)
El Gran Teatro del mundo (The Great Theatre of the World)
El Gran Mercado del mundo (The World is a Fair)
El Pintor de su deshonra (The Painter of His Dishonour)
El Prodigio de Alemania (The Prodigy of Germany) (in collaboration with Antonio Coello)
1600 births
1681 deaths
Spanish writers
Ronald Worm

Ronald Worm (born 7 October, 1953) is a former German football player. He has played for the West German national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1971-72||rowspan="8"|Duisburg||rowspan="8"|Bundesliga||10||3
|-
|1972-73||33||4
|-
|1973-74||28||4
|-
|1974-75||30||10
|-
|1975-76||31||12
|-
|1976-77||34||13
|-
|1977-78||33||15
|-
|1978-79||32||10
|-
|1979-80||rowspan="5"|Eintracht Braunschweig||Bundesliga||23||8
|-
|1980-81||2. Bundesliga||33||17
|-
|1981-82||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||25||5
|-
|1982-83||34||8
|-
|1983-84||34||10
380||119
380||119
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1975||1||2
|-
|1976||2||2
|-
|1977||0||0
|-
|1978||4||1
|-
!Total||7||5
|}
References
1953 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Duisburg
Bynum, Texas

Bynum is a town in Hill County, Texas, United States. About 220 people lived in Bynum as of the year 2000. Bynum has an area of 0.2 square miles.
References
Towns in Texas
Maslenitsa

Maslenitsa is one of the most popular and cheerful religious holidays in Russia. It originated from pagan times before Russia was converted to Christianity. At first, this holiday was a symbol of the spring solstice but nowadays it is considered a Christian holiday which goes right before the Great Lent. During Maslenitsa people enjoy almost any food, except meat. Usually Maslenitsa lasts for seven days and on the last day of this holiday people burn a doll which is made of branches and straw and dressed in bright clothes. This doll is called "Maslenitsa" and it symbolizes the cold and severe winter. By burning "Maslenitsa" people say goodbye to winter and greet a warm spring.
Celebration
Every day of Maslenitsa plays a great role. On Monday people greet the holiday with games such as sledding, snowballs, riding on swings and so on. Russian people believe that happiness and joy which they feel during this day will accompany them throughout a year. On Tuesday people play games and bake pancakes which are called "blini". Blini are the most popular food which is made during this holiday. These pancakes have a round form and symbolize the Sun and warmth. On Wednesday people usually visit their friends and relatives and treat each other with blini. On Thursday by tradition people try to drive away winter by riding on horses around the village or around the places they live. Friday is usually called "Mothers'-in-law evenings" because sons-in-law come to visit their mothers-in-law. On merry Saturday everyone goes to visit their relatives. All people drink and eat as much as they want and play different games. Sunday is the last day of the holiday. It is also called the Sunday of forgiveness because on this day everyone asks forgiveness from relatives and friends for offences and mistakes committed against them. The most appropriate answer is "God will forgive". After that people usually sing songs, dance and at the end of the day they burn the doll.
Wedding superstition
Maslenitsa is also considered as a family holiday because spring is a symbol of new life. People who marry during this time are considered as very strong and happy couples who will give a birth to many children. During Maslenitsa some people even "punish" those who did not marry yet by throwing them into snow.
Religious holidays
Russian culture
Dagestan

Dagestan is a federal subject of the Russian Federation in the Caucasus region. The name comes from two combined Turkic and Persian words, dag which means mountain in the Turkic languages, and stan which means land in the Persian language. Therefore, the literal translation of Dagestan is Land of the Mountains. Dagestan has a population of nearly 3 million, and its people are known as Dagestani. Its capital city is Makhachkala.
People
Dagestan has the status of "republic" in Russia and has its own constitution and official languages. Republics in Russia are the home of its ethnic minorities (those who are not Russians), and usually one or two nationalities have a majority of the population in each republic. But in Dagestan, there are over 30 different nationalities (the largest of which are the Avar, Lak, Dargwa, Lezgian, and Tabasaran), and none of these form a majority. This is because the mountains in the region make it hard for people to move around. These people speak 30 different languages, but use Russian as their lingua franca to communicate between each other.
Most people of Dagestan are Muslims and belong to the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islam.
Famous people
Rasul Gamzatov
Imam Shamil
Shaykh Said afandi al-Chirkawi
Khabib Abdulmanapovich Nurmagomedov
Islam Ramazanovich Makhachev
Sources
Islam in Dagestan
Official website of Dagestani government
References
Makassar Strait

Makassar Strait is a strait between the islands of Borneo and Sulawesi in Indonesia. To the north it joins the Celebes Sea. To the south it meets the Java Sea. The Mahakam River of Borneo empties into the strait.
Ports along the strait include Balikpapan in Borneo, and Makassar and Palu in Sulawesi. The city of Samarinda is 48 km (30 mi) from the strait, along the Mahakam.
The strait is a common shipping route for ships too big to fit through the Straits of Malacca.
Geography of Indonesia
Straits
Pacific Ocean
Cabo Delgado Province

Cabo Delgado is a province of Mozambique. The capital is Pemba.
Districts
Cabo Delgado Province is divided into the 16 districts of:
Ancuabe District - covering 4,606 km2 with 109,792 people,
Balama District - covering 5,619 km2 with 126,116 people,
Chiure District - covering 4,210 km2 with 230,044 people,
Ibo District - covering just 48 km2 with 9,509 people,
Macomia District - covering 4,049 km2 with 81,208 people,
Mecufi District - covering 1,192 km2 with 43,573 people,
Meluco District - covering 5,799 km2 with 25,184 people,
Mocimboa da Praia District - covering 3,548 km2 with 94,197 people,
Montepuez District - covering 15,871 km2 with 185,635 people,
Mueda District - covering 14,150 km2 with 120,067 people,
Muidumbe District - covering 1,987 km2 with 73,457 people,
Namuno District - covering 6,915 km2 with 179,992 people,
Nangade District - covering 3,031 km2 with 63,739 people,
Palma District - covering 3,493 km2 with 48,423 people,
Pemba-Metuge District - covering 1,094 km2 with 65,365 people (excluding the city of Pemba),
Quissanga District - covering 2,061 km2 with 35,192 people;
and the municipalities of:
Mocimboa da Praia
Montepuez
Pemba - covering 194 km2 with 141,316 people
Provinces of Mozambique
Jorge Carlos Fonseca

Jorge Carlos de Almeida Fonseca (born 1950) is a Cape Verdean politician. He was elected President of Cape Verde in 2011. His predecessor was Pedro Pires. Before he was President, Fonseca was Minister of Foreign Affairs. He left office in 2021.
Early Life
Jorge Carlos Fonseca was born on October 20th, 1950, in Mindelo, Cape Verde, which was then still in the colony of Portuguese Cape Verde. He hailed from a Roman Catholic family of European descent. Fonseca finished his elementary and secondary education at local schools in Mindelo and Paria before then going on to pursue his post-secondary education in Lisbon, Portugal. There, he received a Law degree and a Master's in Legal Sciences from the University of Lisbon. Upon returning to Cape Verde, Fonseca served as Director General of Emigration from 1975 to 1977, and then as Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cape Verde from 1977 to 1979.
Rise To Power
Beginning in the early 1980s, Fonseca worked as a law instructor at various universities, including the University of Lisbon, the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Lisbon, and the University of Asia Oriental in Macau. Upon returning to Cape Verde, Fonseca served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1991 and 1993, before then running for presidency in the 2001 Elections. That year, he lost to the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV) candidate, Pedro Pires, with Fonseca being affiliated with the PAICV's major rival opposition party, the Movement for Democracy. After the PAICV candidate Pedro Pires served two terms as the President, Fonseca ran for president again in 2011. With the support of his party, he won the presidency in the second round of voting, and in so doing became the 4th President of Cape Verde.
References
Other websites
1950 births
Living people
Presidents of Cape Verde
Teresa Gallagher

Teresa Gallagher is a British voice actress. She is the voice of Nicole Watterson in The Amazing World of Gumball, Gelatin and Paige King in Destiny's Side and Lucy Elektra in CyberAdult Girls.
Living people
British voice actors
Orange, Massachusetts

Orange is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Karasjok

( ; ) is a municipality in the Finnmark area of Troms og Finnmark county, Norway.
The municipality (of which the urban area is a part,) has Sami (or Sami) and Norwegian as official languages.
The municipality is one of two in Norway where the majority of inhabitants speak Sami and have it as their main language.
History
Before the beginning of the 1700s, there might not have been a permanent population there. However the area was used by nomads.
World War II
During World War II a Nazi concentration camp was built in Karasjok: Lager IV Karasjok (German for "Karasjok Camp No.4", ). The camp was run by SS, and it was among the first four Nazi concentration camps in Northern Norway.
In July 1943, 374 political prisoners and POWs prisoners [mostly Yugoslav,] were brought to the concentration camp. They were tasked with widening the road to Karigasniemi, Finland. After four or five months, only 111 of these prisoners were still alive. At the end of the prisoners' stay in Karasjok, before transportation out of Karasjok, 45 prisoners were massacred by the firing of small arms. At least one former prisoner is (as of 2013) still alive.
After World War II
In 2015 the second edition of Sapmi Pride, the LGBT pride festival, was held in Karasjok. To protest homosexuals attending the Karasjok Church, and to protest that a female priest held the services, Norges Samemisjon cancelled one of their radio broadcasts.
Education
Main language of students at secondary school
The Sami secondary school, is one of two in Norway (as of 2014); 73% of the schools students say that Sami is their main language; 27% say that Sami is their second language (as of the school year that started in [August] 2009 and ended in [June] 2010); That school is run by the government.
References
Municipalities of Norway
Troms og Finnmark
Izard County, Arkansas

Izard County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,577. The county seat is Melbourne. It was founded on October 27, 1825.
References
1825 establishments in Arkansas Territory
Arkansas counties
John Robert Schrieffer

John Robert Schrieffer (; May 31, 1931 - July 27, 2019) was an American physicist. With John Bardeen and Leon Cooper, he was a recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was known for developing the BCS theory. It was the first successful quantum theory of superconductivity.
In 2005, Schrieffer fell asleep while driving and received a sentence of two years in prison for vehicular manslaughter which killed one, and injured seven other people.
Schrieffer died on July 27, 2019 in Tallahassee, Florida at the age of 88.
References
1931 births
2019 deaths
American physicists
Criminals from Illinois
Scientists from Illinois
People from Oak Park, Illinois
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Antioch, California

Antioch is a city in the U.S. State of California. It is a suburb of San Francisco. At the 2020 census, 115,291 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Contra Costa County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Cities in California
1872 establishments in California
Junya Kimura

is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0
|}
References
1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Ibaraki Prefecture
Teju Lal Chaudhary

Teju Lal Chaudhary is a Nepalese politician. He is former state youth and sports minister and current member of the House of Representatives. He was elected in Province No. 2's Saptari-4. He belongs to the Nepalese Congress.
References
1962 births
Living people
Nepalese politicians
Dhanteras

Dhanteras (Hindi: dhnters), also known as Dhanatrayodashi () or Dhanvantari Trayodashi, is the first day of the festival of Diwali in India and the festival of Tihar in Nepal.
Dhanteras is celebrated on the thirteenth lunar day of Krishna Paksha ("dark fortnight" in the moon's cycle) in the Vikram Samvat Hindu calendar month of Ashwin. Dhanvantari, who is also worshipped on Dhanteras, is the god of Ayurveda who brought and shared the wisdom of Ayurveda for the betterment of mankind and to bring relief from the suffering of disease with Ayurvedic remedies.
The Indian ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy), announced its decision to observe Dhanteras as the "National Ayurveda Day." This day was first observed on October 28, 2016.
References
Festivals in India
Hindu festivals
Nepali culture
A Hard Day's Night (song)

"A Hard Day's Night" is a 1964 song by The Beatles and is the title track to their third studio album A Hard Day's Night. It was taken from the 1964 movie A Hard Day's Night. It topped the single charts in Australia, Canada, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.
References
1964 songs
The Beatles songs
Dionne Warwick songs
Otis Redding songs
Chet Atkins songs
Rock songs
Wilhelm Huberts

Wilhelm Huberts (22 February 1938 - 6 March 2022), also known as Willi Huberts, was an Austrian football player. He was born in Voitsberg, Austria. His playing career lasted from 1955 until 1975. Huberts played for the Austria national football team from 1959 until 1960, making four appearances. Huberts also managed LASK from 1976 until 1978.
Huberts died on 6 March 2022, at the age of 84.
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
Austrian footballers
Austrian football managers
Colleen Ballinger

Colleen Mae Ballinger (born November 21, 1986) is an American YouTuber, comedian, actress, singer and writer. She is best known for her Internet character Miranda Sings, posting videos of the character on YouTube, performing her one-woman comedy act on tours and creating a Netflix original television show based on the character titled Haters Back Off. She was born in Santa Barbara, California.
She guest-starred as Miranda Sings on Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee with Jerry Seinfeld (2014) and has appeared twice on The Tonight Show. Ballinger has released two best-selling books, written in Miranda's voice, Selp-Helf and My Diarrhe.
References
1986 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American YouTubers
People from Santa Barbara, California
Actors from California
Singers from California
Comedians from California
Writers from California
Personification

Personification is a figure of speech where non-living objects are described to seem like people.
In the arts, personification means representing a non-human thing as if it were human. Personification gives human traits and qualities, such as emotions, desires, sensations, gestures and speech, often by way of a metaphor.
Personification is much used in visual arts. Examples in writing are "the leaves waved in the wind", "the ocean heaved a sigh" or "the Sun smiled at us". In easy language personification is just giving an example of a living being for a non-living thing. "The wind shouted". In these examples, the nonhuman subjects are given human characteristics.
Another commonly used personification is found in stories where animals and legendary creatures are attributed labels for recognition. This is called anthropomorphism.
Related pages
Anthropomorphism
Death (personification)
Gaia (mythology)
Helios
National personification
Other websites
Examples of personification in poetry
Prose
Metaphors
Alexandra Bastedo

Alexandra Bastedo (9 March 1946 - 12 January 2014) was a British actress and activist. She was best known for her role as secret agent Sharron Macready in the television series The Champions (1968). Bastedo was a vegetarian. She was well known as an animal welfare activist.
She died in hospital on 12 January 2014 from breast cancer.
References
Other websites
Official Alexandra Bastedo Champions Animal Sanctuary site
The Official Alexandra Bastedo Website
Biography at TV.com
IMDB Entry
1946 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Sussex
Deaths from breast cancer
English activists
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Mike the Knight

Mike the Knight is a Nickelodeon 2011-17 Canadian/British/American CGI children's animated educational TV series Co-Produced by Canadian studio Nelvana and British animation studio HiT Entertainment with Treehouse TV and Nickelodeon.
Nickelodeon television series
J. A. Bayona

Juan Antonio Garcia Bayona (born 9 May 1975) is a Spanish movie director. He is best known for directing the movies The Orphanage (2007), The Impossible (2012), A Monster Calls (2016) and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018). He has also directed two episodes of the television series Penny Dreadful.
Bayona was born in Barcelona, Catalonia.
References
Other websites
1975 births
Living people
People from Barcelona
Spanish movie directors
Single White Female

Single White Female is a 1992 American thriller movie. The movie stars Bridget Fonda, who plays a young businesswoman looking for a roommate in New York City. The roommate she chooses (played by Jennifer Jason Leigh) initially seems normal. However, she later tries to take over her life and shows that she is a controlling and violent woman who has borderline personality disorder. The film is based on John Lutz's suspense novel SWF Seeks Same. Single White Female was released in August 1992. It was directed by Barbet Schroeder.
Other websites
1992 drama thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
Borderline personality disorder in fiction
1990s English-language movies
Movies about murderers
Movies based on books
Movies set in Manhattan
Movies directed by Barbet Schroeder
Area code 617

Area code 617 is an area code for Massachusetts. It is one of the first area codes created in 1947. It initially covered the entire eastern portion of Massachusetts, but after it was split by 508 in 1988, as well as 781 and 978 in 1997. It now covers the Boston and Cambridge area. It was overlaid by 857 in 2001.
617
Mineola, Texas

Mineola is a city in Wood County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,515 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Texas
North Richland Hills, Texas

North Richland Hills is a city inside Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and a mid-to-high end suburb of Dallas and Fort Worth. The population was 63,343 at the 2010 census, making it the third-largest city in Tarrant County.
References
Cities in Texas
Settlements in Tarrant County, Texas
Avers

Avers () is a municipality of the Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Graubunden
Spanish grammar

Spanish grammar is the rules for speaking and writing in the Spanish language. It is similar to the grammar of other Romance languages.
Verbs
Verbs in Spanish belong to one of three classes: -ar, -er, and -ir.
Verbs are conjugated (changed) depending on tense and person. That means a verb talking about the past will have a different form than a verb about something happening right now.
Nouns
In Spanish, every noun has a gender, either masculine or feminine.
Adjectives
Adjectives usually go after the noun they describe and change depending on number and person.
Spanish language
Grammars of specific languages
Peter Schmeichel

Peter Schmeichel (born 18 November 1963) is a former Danish football player. He has played for Denmark national team.
Schmeichel was a contestant in the 2006 series of Strictly Come Dancing.
Club career statistics
|-
|1984||rowspan="3"|Hvidovre||rowspan="2"|First Division||20||0||||||||||||||20||0
|-
|1985||28||6||||||||||||||28||6
|-
|1986||Second Division||30||0||||||||||||||30||0
|-In 2012, Schmeichel said on his his website that he was a Freemason.
|1987||rowspan="5"|Brondby||rowspan="4"|First Division||23||2||||||||||2||0||25||2
|-
|1988||26||0||||||||||4||0||30||0
|-
|1989||26||0||||||||||2||0||28||0
|-
|1990||26||0||||||||||2||0||28||0
|-
|1991||Superliga||18||0||||||||||10||0||28||0
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="8"|Manchester United||First Division||40||0||3||0||6||0||4||0||53||0
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="7"|Premier League||42||0||3||0||2||0||1||0||48||0
|-
|1993/94||40||0||7||0||8||0||4||0||59||0
|-
|1994/95||32||0||7||0||0||0||3||0||43||0
|-
|1995/96||36||0||6||0||1||0||2||1||45||1
|-
|1996/97||36||0||3||0||0||0||9||0||49||0
|-
|1997/98||32||0||4||0||0||0||7||0||44||0
|-
|1998/99||34||0||8||0||0||0||13||0||56||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||28||0||||||||||||||28||0
|-
|2000/01||22||0||||||||||||||22||0
|-
|2001/02||Aston Villa||Premier League||29||1||1||0||2||0||4||0||36||1
|-
|2002/03||Manchester City||Premier League||29||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||31||0
197||8||||||||||20||0||217||8
350||1||43||0||20||0||47||1||460||2
50||0||||||||||||||50||0
597||9||43||0||20||0||67||1||727||10
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1987||5||0
|-
|1988||11||0
|-
|1989||12||0
|-
|1990||10||0
|-
|1991||7||0
|-
|1992||12||0
|-
|1993||9||0
|-
|1994||7||0
|-
|1995||8||0
|-
|1996||10||0
|-
|1997||6||0
|-
|1998||10||0
|-
|1999||11||0
|-
|2000||10||1
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
!Total||129||1
|}
References
Danish footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Manchester City F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Strictly Come Dancing participants
1963 births
Living people
Denmark at UEFA Euro 1988
Denmark at UEFA Euro 1992
Denmark at UEFA Euro 2000
Württemberg-Hohenzollern

Wurttemberg-Hohenzollern was one of the original states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its capital was Tubingen.
It was part of the French Zone of Occupation. After a referendum on 16 December 1951 it joined with Wurttemberg-Baden, which had been in the American Zone, and Baden which had also been in the French Zone, and formed the present state of Baden-Wurttemberg on 25 April 1952
After World War the Kingdom of Wurttemberg became the Free Peoples' State of Wurttemberg. After World War II the part of the Free Peoples' State of Wurttemberg and the old Principality of Hohenzollern were joined to make Wurttemberg-Hohenzollern. The name of the Royal family of Prussia was Hohenzollern because they came from this area. This is also why it was always part of Prussia until Prussia was abolished after World War II.
List of heads of government
1945 - 1947: Carlo Schmid (SPD)
1947 - 1948: Lorenz Bock (CDU)
1948 - 1952: Gebhard Muller (CDU)
Baden-Wurttemberg
Former states in Germany
1945 establishments in Europe
1950s disestablishments in Germany
Charles Swenson

Charles Swenson is a producer and director. He worked with animated film for many years. In 1978 he joined Fred Wolf Films, who worked with the 1987 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles animated series.
Productions
The Mouse and His Child - 1977
Puff the Magic Dragon - 1978
An American Tail: Fievel Goes West - 1991
References
Living people
1941 births
American animators
American television producers
American television writers
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie producers from California
Screenwriters from California
Writers from Los Angeles
Clyde Stubblefield

Clyde Stubblefield (April 18, 1943 - February 18, 2017) was an American funk drummer. He began his career around the 1960s. He best known for his work with James Brown. His recordings with James Brown include the singles "Cold Sweat", "There Was a Time", "I Got The Feelin'", "Say It Loud - I'm Black and I'm Proud", "Ain't It Funky Now", "Mother Popcorn", "Get Up, Get Into It, Get Involved" and the album Sex Machine. He was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Stubblefield died from kidney failure on February 18, 2017 in Madison, Wisconsin. He was 73.
References
1943 births
2017 deaths
African American musicians
American funk musicians
American drummers
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Wisconsin
Musicians from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Musicians from Madison, Wisconsin
False memory

Both perception ("experiencing") and remembering are processes which involve the brain. For this reason, errors do sometimes occur. Errors in perception are commonly called illusions. Emil Kraepelin used the term "Erinnerungsverfalschung" (memory falsification) to speak about false memories.
Perceptions need stimuli to be created. A perception without a stimulus is called hallucination. Much like the difference between illusion and hallucination, Kraepelin wanted to distinguish between a false memory and memories of something that did not really happen, which he called "Erinnerkungsfalschung". Unfortunately, both German terms translate to the same English term.
A false memory is a condition where a person remembers something that did not occur or where the memory does not closely match the occurrence.
Remembering events that did not occur
Using suggestion and hypnosis, it is possible to make people believe they experienced something, when they did not. Such phenomena also occur spontaneously, for example in a stressful situation, or when someone is not sleeping enough.
Lost in the mall
To prove the existence of false memories, an experiment was conducted: People were given small stories of supposed relatives who told how these people were lost in a shopping mall, at age five or six, and how they had to be "rescued" by an adult. The experiment was done with 24 people. Afterwards, six people said that they remembered the event, even though it had never happened.
Mandela effect
False memories can sometimes be shared by multiple people. This is sometimes called the Mandela effect. Examples include memories of the Berenstain Bears' name being spelled Berenstein, and of the existence of a 1990s movie entitled Shazaam starring comedian Sinbad as a genie.
The effect is named after South African anti-Apartheid leader Nelson Mandela after people believed he died in prison in the 1980s (he actually died in 2013, after having served as President of South Africa from 1994-99), which she claimed was shared by "perhaps thousands" of other people.
Legal implications
Sometimes, people are accused of a crime, and often part of the evidence consists of facts other people remember. It is a problem to convict someone of a crime, based only on such evidence. In the case of sexual abuse or of child abuse these memories will usually be bad ones, and the brain will have changed them, as a measure of protection. Before a conviction is done, the court needs to make sure that the conviction does not happen based on the recollection of only one person, as recovering the "facts" behind the memories can be difficult.
Other websites
References
Symptoms
Rangpur, Assam

Rangpur was among the few capitals of the Ahom Kingdom. The city was formed in 1707 by Swargadeo Rudra Singha.
References
Assam
Dariusz Gnatowski

Dariusz Gnatowski (24 May 1961 - 20 October 2020) was a Polish actor. He was born in Ruda Slaska, Poland. His career began in 1983. He was known for his roles in Demons of War (1998), With Fire and Sword (1999) but mostly for his role as Boczek in the sitcom Swiat wedlug Kiepskich.
Gnatowski died on 20 October 2020 in Krakow, Poland, aged 59.
References
Other websites
1961 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland
Polish movie actors
Polish stage actors
Polish television actors
Polish voice actors
Warren Street tube station

Warren Street tube station is a London Underground station. It is on the Charing Cross branch of the Northern line, between Goodge Street and Euston, and the Victoria Line between Oxford Circus and Euston. It is in Travelcard Zone 1 and is the nearest tube station to University College Hospital, being opposite the newly opened main building. It is also very close to Euston Square tube station on the Circle, Hammersmith and City and Metropolitan lines.
Gallery
References
Other websites
London Transport Museum Photographic Archive
Northern line stations
Victoria line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Camden
London Travelcard zone 1
Rudaki

Abu Abdullah Jafar ibn Mohammad ibn Hakim ibn Abdurrahman ibn Adam Rudaki Samarghandi (859 - c. 941) () or Rudaki was a Persian poet. He was born in Panjakent, Tajikistan and lived in Samarghand. Rudaki translated the old Indian fable book Panchatantra into Persian verse. His poems are collected in diwan.
Reference
Cedar of Samarkand(Rudaki Continuous Poems Description),Poopak Niktalab , Printed 2020 , Faradid Publishing
859 births
941 deaths
Persian poets
COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen

The first confirmed case relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen was announced on 10 April 2020 in Hadhramaut. Organizations called the news a "devastating blow" and a "nightmare scenario" because of the country's lack of healthcare and human rights.
Cases
The first case was confirmed on 10 April, the patient was a 60-year-old man in the southern oil-producing region of Hadhramaut.
On 29 April, Yemen recorded five new cases of coronavirus, including two deaths, all in the southern Yemeni port city of Aden.
Statistics
References
Yemen
Yemen
David Coote (referee)

David Coote is an English football referee. He is a member of the Nottinghamshire Football Association.
References
1982 births
Living people
English football referees
Sportspeople from Nottinghamshire
Philidor defence

Philidor's defence, usually called the Philidor, is one of the basic chess openings. It was used often by the 18th century master Francois-Andre Danican Philidor, and he published analysis about it in his textbook L'Analyse du jeu des echecs (1849).
Variations
Philidor's counter-gambit
1.e4 e5
2.Nf3 d6
3.d4 f5
Main line
1.e4 e5
2.Nf3 d6
3.d4 exd4
4.Nxd4 Nf6
5.Nc3 Be7 or 5...g6 followed by 6...Bg7
Transposition
Black can reach a line called the Hanham variation by transposing from the Pirc defence:
1.e4 d6
2.d4 Nf6
3.Nc3 Nbd7
4.Nf3 e5
Kosten, Tony 1992. Winning with the Philidor. Batsford, London.
List of chess openings
Chess openings
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville

Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville (23 February 23 1680 Montreal, Quebec - March 7, 1767). He helped colonise North America for France, and was governor of French Louisiana 4 separate times between 1701 and 1743. He is also known as Sieur de Bienville.
His older brother was the explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville.
Notes
References
Bienville, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de. "Account made by Bienville of his Expedition against the Chickasaws." trans. Caroline and Eleanor Dunn in Indiana's First War. Indiana Historical Society Publications 8. Indianapolis: Wm. B. Burford, 1924. 75-123.
Davis, Edwin Adams. Louisiana the Pelican State. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1961. LCCN 59:9088.
Other websites
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville in Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Bienville biography at University of South Alabama Archaeology website
Bienville biography at the Library of Congress' France in America digital library (English and French)
1680 births
1767 deaths
Canadian people
Governors of Louisiana
People with foods named after them
Mons-Boubert

Mons-Boubert is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Poynings' Law

Poynings' Law (official title 10 Henry 7.c22) was a law passed by the Irish Parliament in 1495 during the reign of Henry VII of England, King of England and Lord of Ireland sponsored by his Lord Deputy Sir Edward Poynings at a session in Drogheda. It limited the power of the Irish Parliament and gave the English Parliament and monarch veto power over its legislation. The overall points of the law were:
no Parliament in Ireland would convene until the King of England and the English Parliament had been informed of its reasons for meeting and its legislation and its laws would have to then be approved by both King and the English Parliament to become.
All previous English Parliament laws would also become law in Ireland, although new English Parliament laws would not
the Statute of Kilkenny was restored, except for the ban on using the Irish language
it was a felony to allow anti-government rebels on march lands
coyne and livery were outlawed
Irish war cries were now outlawed.
The primary reason for its passage was because the Wars of the Roses had weakened England's stance in Ireland and Sir Edward wanted to restore order and English control to Ireland. It was repealed in 1782.
References
History of Ireland
1495
1490s in England
Atuhaire Ambala

Atuhaire Ogola Ambala is a swimmer from Uganda. Atuhaire competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was born on 26 April 2001.
References
Other websites
Living people
2001 births
Ugandan Olympians
Swimmers
Todd Muller

Todd Michael Muller (; born 23 December 1968) is a New Zealand politician. He was the Leader of the New Zealand National Party and the Leader of the Opposition from 22 May to 14 July 2020.
He entered Parliament at the 2014 general election as the MP for Bay of Plenty.
Muller resigned on 14 July 2020, stating, "I am not the best person to be Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the New Zealand National Party at this critical time for New Zealand" and that the role has had a negative impact on his health. At just 53 days, Muller is the shortest serving leader of any political party represented in Parliament in New Zealand's history.
References
1968 births
Living people
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
Amanda-Jade Wellington

Amanda-Jade Wellington is a cricketer from Australia. Wellington plays for the Australia women's national cricket team. She was born on May 29, 1997.
References
Other websites
1997 births
Living people
Australian cricketers
Sportspeople from Adelaide
Bircham International University

Bircham International University is an educational institution of higher education. It uses distance education. It offers adult degree programs. It is registered in Spain and Delaware. In the past it operated from the Bahamas or the United Kingdom. It has no recognized educational accreditation in any of these places.
It is a member of the European Foundation for Quality in eLearning. It is also a member of the International Accreditation and Recognition Council, an unrecognized accreditation agency in the United States. Bircham states that it was accredited by the American Association for Higher Education and Accreditation in 2010. This organization is not a recognized accreditation body.
References
Other websites
Bircham International University official website
1992 establishments
Polypeptide

A polypeptide is a string or linear chain of amino acids linked together. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins. A single polypeptide chain might make up the entire primary structure of a simple protein; more complex proteins are formed when two or more polypeptides link together. Each protein is a polymer of amino acids.
Polypeptides are made when mRNA is translated, a process involving ribosomes, tRNA and amino acids.
References
Peptides
Amino acids
Deadmau5 Circa 1998–2002

Deadmau5 Circa 1998-2004 is an album by Deadmau5. It was released under the moniker Halcyon441. It was a collection of tracks he had made between 1998-2004, as the title suggests. It was never released physically, but videos of songs on this album can be found on YouTube.
Deadmau5 albums
2006 albums
Shooting of Breonna Taylor

On March 13, 2020, Breonna Taylor, a 26-year-old African-American emergency medical technician, was shot and killed by Louisville Metro Police Department (LMPD) officers.
That day, three police officers came to her apartment. The officers wore everyday clothing, they were not in uniform. As they had a search warrant for drugs, there was no way of refusing them entry. Taylor's boyfriend Kenneth Walker and the officers shot at each other. When Walker was questioned, he said he believed that the officers were intruders. The LMPD officers fired over twenty shots. Taylor was shot eight times and LMPD sergeant Mattingly was injured by gunfire.
Another police officer and an LMPD lieutenant were on the scene when the warrant was executed. No drugs were found in the apartment.
According to a lawsuit filed against the police by the Taylor family's lawyers, the officers entered the home without knocking or announcing that they were police officers.
References
March 2020 events
Police misconduct in the United States
2020 in the United States
Louisville, Kentucky
21st century in Kentucky
Racially-motivated violence in the United States
Violence against women
Deaths by person in the United States
Black Lives Matter
People shot and killed by law enforcement officers in the United States
Anker Jørgensen

Anker Henrik Jorgensen (13 July 1922 - 20 March 2016) was a Danish politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Denmark from 1972 to 1973, then again from 1975 to 1982. He was also the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Jorgensen was born on 13 July 1922 in Copenhagen. He died in Copenhagen at the age of 93.
References
Other websites
Anker Jorgensen fansite
"Plads til os alle" profile
Jorgensen, Anker Henrik at Leksikon.org
1922 births
2016 deaths
Prime Ministers of Denmark
Politicians from Copenhagen
MacKenzie Scott

MacKenzie Scott (nee Tuttle, formerly Bezos; born April 7, 1970) is an American novelist, activist, and philanthropist. She has been the world's richest woman since September 2020.
She has been the executive director of Bystander Revolution, an anti-bullying organization she founded, since 2014.
Personal life
MacKenzie was married to Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon and Blue Origin, from 1993 to 2019. Their divorce made her the third-richest woman in the world and one of the richest people overall by April 2019.
Wealth
In June 2020, it was revealed by Forbes magazine that she is the 22nd richest person in the world, largely thanks to her $38 billion divorce settlement.
In September 2020, she was named the world's richest woman with a net worth of over $60 billion.
References
1970 births
Living people
Philanthropists from California
American activists
American novelists
American billionaires
Writers from San Francisco
Businesspeople from San Francisco
North Olmsted, Ohio

North Olmsted is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States.
Cities in Ohio
McKayla Maroney

McKayla Rose Maroney (born December 9, 1995) is a retired American artistic gymnast and singer. She won several gold medals during her career. She was a member of the American women's gymnastics team, called the Fierce Five, at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She won a gold medal at these Olympic Games. She also won gold medals at the 2011 World Championships and the 2013 World Championships.
In 2012, Maroney won the silver medal in the vault finals. She wasn't happy with the winning. In one photograph, her lips were toward the left side of her face. Then-President Barack Obama copied the pose in November 2012.
In 2016, Maroney retired from competitive gymnastics.
Maroney was born in Aliso Viejo, California.
References
American Olympic silver medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American gymnasts
Sportspeople from California
1995 births
Living people
Vellevans

Vellevans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Tom Roberts

Thomas William "Tom" Roberts (9 March 1856 - 14 September 1931) was an Anglo-Australian artist. He was an important member of the Heidelberg School.
Life
Roberts parents were newspaper editors. The family moved to Australia in 1869. They lived in Collingwood. He worked as a photographer's assistant through the 1870s. He studied art at night under Louis Buvelot. He became friends with Frederick McCubbin. He returned to England for three years of full-time art study at the Royal Academy Schools from 1881 to 1884.
Through the 1880s and 1890s he worked in Victoria. He married 35 year old Elizabeth (Lillie) Williamson in 1896. They had a son, Caleb. Many of his most famous paintings come from this period.
He spent World War I in England helping at a hospital. In Australia, he built a house at Kallista, near Melbourne. This was a happy period in Roberts' life.
Elizabeth died in January 1928. Tom remarried, to Jean Boyes, in August 1928. He died in 1931 of cancer in Kallista near Melbourne. He is buried near near Longford, Tasmania.
Works
Roberts painted a lot of fine oil landscapes and portraits. His most famous works, in his time, were two large works, Shearing the Rams and The Big Picture. Roberts had a theme of showing country people working. Many examples of Roberts' work can be seen at the National Gallery of Australia. The Big Picture is at Parliament House, Canberra.
References
1856 births
1931 deaths
Australian painters
Cancer deaths in Victoria (Australia)
English painters
People from Dorset
People from Melbourne
Crouch, Idaho

Crouch is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Felsic

The word "felsic" is a term used in geology to refer to silicate minerals, magma, and igneous rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium.
They are usually light in colour and have specific gravities less than 3. The most common felsic rock is granite, but others include quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, and the sodium-rich plagioclase feldspars. In terms of chemistry, felsic rocks are on the other side of the rock spectrum from the mafic rocks.
Classification of felsic rocks
In order for a rock to be classified as felsic, it generally needs to contain more than 75% felsic minerals; namely quartz, orthoclase and plagioclase. Rocks with greater than 90% felsic minerals can also be called leucocratic, meaning 'light-coloured'.
The rock texture thus determines the basic name of a felsic rock.
References
Le Maitre L.E. (ed) 2002. ''Igneous rocks: a classification and glossary of terms'. 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press.
Igneous rocks
Minerals
Non-Nuclear Futures

Non-Nuclear Futures: The Case for an Ethical Energy Strategy is a 1975 book by Amory B. Lovins and John H. Price. The book says that the nuclear power debate is not about technical disputes but relates to different personal views (personal values). The personal values that make a high-energy society work are all too apparent, and the values associated with an alternate view relate to thrift, simplicity, diversity, neighbourliness, craftsmanship, and humility.
Lovins and Price say that these two different sets of personal values lead to two very different policy paths relating to future energy supplies. The first is high-energy nuclear, centralized, electric; the second is lower energy, non-nuclear, decentralized, less electrified, softer technology.
Related pages
Anti-nuclear movement
Nuclear-free zone
Rocky Mountain Institute
The Clean Tech Revolution
References
Non-fiction books
Nuclear energy
1975 books
Binary coded decimal

Binary coded decimal is a way to encode numbers. The number is first split into digits, and each digit is then encoded in binary. This will result in a code from 0 0 0 0 (for "0") to "1 0 0 1" (for 9). The other codes (1010 to 1 1 1 1, representing the numbers 10 to 15) are not valid.
Computing
Encodings
Daphne Caruana Galizia

Daphne Anne Caruana Galizia (; 26 August 1964 - 16 October 2017) was a Maltese journalist and blogger. She was known for her work as an investigative journalist and revealing controversial sensitive information, including reports and allegations related to the Panama Papers.
She was born as Daphne Anne Vella on 26 August 1964 in Sliema, Crown Colony of Malta. She studied at University of Malta. Her career began in 1987. She was married to Peter Caruana Galizia from 1985 until her assassination in 2017. They have three sons.
Caruana Galizia was assassinated by a car bomb explosion close to her home in Bidnija on 16 October 2017. The perpetrator is currently unknown. She was 53 years old.
Invicta: The Life and Work of Daphne Caruana Galizia
References
1964 births
2017 deaths
Assassinated people
Maltese writers
Journalists
1957 South American Championship

The South American Championship 1957 was a football tournament. It was held in Peru and won by Argentina with Brazil as runners-up. Bolivia, and Paraguay withdrew from the tournament.
Top scorers
Humberto Maschio from Argentina and Javier Ambrois from Uruguay became top scorers of the tournament with 9 goals each.
Squads
For a complete list of participating squads see: 1957 South American Championship squads
Venues
Final round
Match suspended at the 43rd minute due to pitch invasion.
Result
Goalscorers
A total of 33 different players scored 101 goals in the tournament. None were credited as own goals.
9 Goals
Humberto Maschio
Javier Ambrois
8 Goals
Antonio Angelillo
Didi
Evaristo
5 Goals
Alberto Terry
4 Goals
Jorge Larraz
3 Goals
Omar Sivori
Pepe
Jose Fernandez
Jaime Ramirez Banda
Carlos Arango
Delio Gamboa
Enrique Cantos
Maximo Mosquera
Luis Campero
2 Goals
Oreste Corbatta
Osvaldo Cruz
Joel
Zizinho
Carlos Verdejo
Manuel Rivera
1 Goal
Jose Sanfilippo
Sergio Espinosa
Alejandro Carrillo
Humberto Alvarez
Jaime Gutierrez
Alberto Valencia
Juan Bassa
Juan Seminario
Carlos Maria Carranza
Jose Walter Roque
Jose Sasia
References
1957
1957
1950s in association football
Kerser

Scott Froml (born 21 August 1987), better known by his stage name Kerser, is an Australian rapper. His best known song is "Kerser Is the Sickest". He was released a number of mixtapes and three albums since 2011. His second album No Rest For the Sickest reached #15 on the ARIA albums chart.
Kerser was born in Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales.
References
Other websites
1987 births
Australian singers
Australian musicians
Hip hop musicians
Living people
Musicians from New South Wales
People from Sydney
Azuma Koshiishi

is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet, and general secretary of the ruling Democratic Party.
He was elected to the House of Representatives of Japan in 1990, where he served for two terms until 1996 when he failed to be re-elected. He was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 1998.
References
1936 births
Living people
Japanese politicians