pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Antonio Meucci

Antonio Meucci (Florence, April 13, 1808 - October 18, 1889) was an Italian inventor. He invented the first type of telephone, also known as the first 'talking telegraph' 1857. In 2002, the United States House of Representatives ruled that he invented the first working telephone, although Alexander Graham Bell was first to patent it.
References
Inventors
Italian people
1808 births
1889 deaths
Yoshihiro Natsuka

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Natsuka was born in Funabashi on October 7, 1969. After graduating from Narashino High School, he joined Fujita Industries (later Bellmare Hiratsuka) in 1988. In 1994, the club won 1994 Emperor's Cup and he was selected Best Eleven. In Asia, the club also won 1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. However, he left the club end of 1998 season due to financial strain. In 1999, he moved to J2 League club Consadole Sapporo. The club won the champions in 2000 and was promoted to J1 League from 2001. He retired end of the 2001 season.
On May 22, 1994, Natsuka debuted for the Japan national team against Australia. In 1994, he played full time in all matches included 1994 Asian Games. In 1995, he also played at 1995 King Fahd Cup. He played 11 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1995.
Statistics
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="6"|Fujita Industries||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 1||10||0||||||0||0||10||0
|-
|1989/90||8||0||||||4||0||12||0
|-
|1990/91||22||2||||||1||0||23||2
|-
|1991/92||24||3||||||3||0||27||3
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Football League||18||2||4||0||colspan="2"|-||22||2
|-
|1993||18||2||1||0||6||0||25||2
|-
|1994||rowspan="5"|Bellmare Hiratsuka||rowspan="5"|J1 League||41||1||5||0||1||0||47||1
|-
|1995||45||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||47||2
|-
|1996||14||0||0||0||13||2||27||2
|-
|1997||32||3||3||0||6||0||41||3
|-
|1998||27||0||2||0||2||0||31||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Consadole Sapporo||rowspan="2"|J2 League||32||3||0||0||2||0||34||3
|-
|2000||29||3||2||0||1||0||32||3
|-
|2001||J1 League||18||0||1||0||1||0||20||0
338||20||20||1||40||2||398||23
338||20||20||1||40||2||398||23
|}
|-
|1994||9||1
|-
|1995||2||0
|-
!Total||11||1
|}
References
Other websites
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Chiba Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Shonan Bellmare players
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players
1995 King Fahd Cup players
Egweil

Egweil is a municipality in the district of Eichstatt in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Eichstatt (district)
Chad

Chad (; , officially called the Republic of Chad), is a landlocked country in Central Africa. The capital is N'Djamena.
It was a French colony until 1960. It suffers from poverty, illness, drought, and armed conflicts. In 2011, the population of Chad was 11,535,000.
Arabic and French are the official languages. Islam and Christianity are the most widely practiced religions.
Chad has one of the highest levels of hunger in the world. Food insecurity is common in the country. 80% live in total poverty on less than a dollar a day, and 90% are unemployed in Chad. Chad has a low life expectancy. Life expectancy is 54 years old in Chad.
Chad is home to 134 kinds of mammals, 141 bird species, 52 kinds of reptiles, 30 amphibians and 130 kinds of fish. Many animals such as elephants, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, warthogs, giraffes, antelopes, lions, leopards, and cheetahs live in Chad.
Geography
Chad is the world's 21st-largest country. It is slightly smaller than Peru and slightly larger than South Africa. To the north is Libya, to the south is the Central African Republic, to the east is Sudan, and to the west are Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger.
The country's capital is from the nearest seaport Douala, Cameroon. Due to this distance from the sea and the country's largely desert climate, Chad is sometimes called the "Dead Heart of Africa".
Lake Chad is the largest wetland in Chad and the second largest in Africa. Lake Chad was 7000 years ago. Now it is . Chad's highest peak is the Emi Koussi in the Sahara.
The region's tall grasses and large amount of marshes make it good for birds, reptiles, and large mammals. Chad's major rivers are the Chari and Logone.
Regions
Since 2002, the Republic of Chad has been divided into regions. It was previously divided into prefectures, and then departments.
Below is a list of the 23 regions as of 2012.
ad since 2012
Cities
The largest cities in Chad are:
N'Djamena - 704,200
Moundou - 136,900
Sarh - 100,100
Abeche - 72,500
Kelo - 41,500
Koumra - 35,400
Pala - 34,600
Am Timan - 28,200
Bongor - 27,100
Mongo - 27,100
Languages
Chad's official languages are Arabic and French, but over 100 languages and dialects are spoken. Due to the important role of Arab traders and merchants, Chadian Arabic has become a lingua franca, a language for all to use.
Education
Attending primary school is required in Chad, though only about 50% of children attend school. Adult literacy is only 35%.
The University of N'Djamena provides higher education.
References
Other websites
French-speaking countries
Least developed countries
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1960 establishments in Africa
Agnieszka Kotulanka

Agnieszka Kotulanka, rightly Agnieszka Sas-Uhrynowska (born Agniesza Kotula; 26 October 1956 - 20 February 2018) was a Polish actress and a performer of actress songs. She was known for long-term appearance as Krystyna Lubicz in Polish soap opera Klan (1997-2013). She also appeared as Karska in the 1995 movie Holy Week directed by Andrzej Wajda.
Kotulanka died due to dipsomania in Warsaw on 20 February 2018 at the age of 61.
References
Other websites
1956 births
2018 deaths
Drug-related deaths
Polish movie actors
Polish television actors
People from Warsaw
Allelopathy

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that inhibits the growth of another.
References
Botany
Very important person

A very important person (VIP) is a person who is given special privileges due to the status or importance of the person. The term "VIP" (usually pronounced V-I-P) is often used as an abbreviation for very important person. Such a person might be a celebrity, a head of state, a politician, a rich person, or any other person who receives special service for any reason.
The term V.I.P. appeared before World War Two, starting in the Russian emigration. It abbreviated the Russian phrase "ves'ma imenitaya persona" which described someone accorded special privileges due to social status or importance.
Notes
Acronyms
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) is a branch of the United Nations General Assembly. UNOOSA creates, maintains and carries out the General Assembly's rules about space.
The building for UNOOSA is located in the United Nations Office in Vienna in Austria.
UNOOSA operates the Programme on Space Applications and maintains a list of objects sent into space - the Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space. UNOOSA also helps developing nations develop space technology to help their economies.
Other websites
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
International Space Law
United Nations Treaties and Principles on Space Law
United Nations
Spaceflight
Latacunga

Latacunga (; Quechua: Latakunga) is a plateau town of Ecuador, capital of the Cotopaxi Province, south of Quito. At the time of census 2010 Latacunga had 98,355 people living here.
References
Cities in Ecuador
Martim Moniz (Lisbon Metro)

Martim Moniz is a station on the Green Line of the Lisbon Metro.
Lisbon Metro stations
Debbie Stabenow

Deborah Ann Greer "Debbie" Stabenow (born April 29, 1950) is a United States Senator from Michigan. She become a member of the Senate in 2001. Before that, she was a member of the United States House of Representatives.
Biography
Stabenow was born in Gladwin, Michigan. She went to high school in Clare, Michigan. She earned a bachelor's degree and a master's degree from Michigan State University. After college she had some jobs in state government and was also a social worker. She became a member of the US House of Representatives in 1997, and she became a member of the US Senate in 2001.
In 1994, she ran for Governor of Michigan, but lost in the primary. She soon became the Lieutenant Governor candidate only to lose in the general election.
In January 2023, Stabenow announced her retirement, saying that she would not run for re-election to the Senate in the 2024 election.
References
Other websites
United States Senator Debbie Stabenow, U.S. Senate website
1950 births
Living people
United States senators from Michigan
United States representatives from Michigan
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Hossain Toufique Imam

Hossain Toufique Imam (; 15 January 1939 - 4 March 2021) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician. He was a political advisor to the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.
Imam died of kidney disease at a Dhaka hospital on 4 March 2021, aged 82.
References
Bangladeshi politicians
Bangladeshi Muslims
1939 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from kidney disease
A Snow Fairy Tale

A Snow Fairy Tale () is a 1959 Soviet fantasy movie directed by Aleksei Sakharov and Eldar Shengelaia. It stars Igor Yershov, Alla Kozhokina, and Yevgeny Leonov.
Actors
Igor Yershov as Mitya (voiced by Margarita Korabelnikova)
Alla Kozhokina as Lyolya (voiced by Margarita Korabelnikova)
Yevgeny Leonov as Old Year
Zinaida Naryshkina as Paper Soul
Klara Luchko as Black Soul
Vera Altayskaya as Sale Soul
References
Other websites
1959 fantasy movies
Soviet fantasy movies
Russian fantasy movies
Movies directed by Eldar Shengelaia
Spaghetti Junction

Spaghetti Junction is a motorway interchange in Birmingham, England. It is junction 6 of the M6 motorway.
The junction's official name is Gravelly Hill Interchange, but this name is not used very often. The junction links the M6 with the A38(M) motorway which passes through Birmingham. The interchange was opened in 24 May 1972, and was given its popular name by local journalists.
The junction covers 30 acres, serves 18 routes and includes 4 km (2.5 miles) of slip roads. There are five levels, and it flies over two railway lines, three canals and two rivers. It took nearly four years to build it, against an estimated three years. It cost PS8 million, which is a deceptively small amount. It can only be understood by realising the extent of monetary inflation during the past half century.
The junction has had a lot of repair work done a number of times since it was built. There is very heavy traffic through the junction, and there were some alleged cost-saving measures during its construction.
References
Motorways in England
Buildings and structures in Birmingham
Inland Steel Building

The Inland Steel Building, located at 30 W. Monroe Street in Chicago is one of the city's defining commercial high-rises of the post-World War II era of modern architecture. It was built in the years 1956-1957 and was the first skyscraper to be built in the Chicago Loop following the Great Depression of the 1930s. Its principal designers were Bruce Graham and Walter Netsch of the Skidmore, Owings & Merrill architecture firm.
References
Other websites
Inland Steel Building - Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Inland Steel Building Renovation - Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Skyscrapers in Chicago
1957 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in Illinois
Brazilian imperial family

The Brazilian imperial family ruled the Empire of Brazil between 1822 and 1889, from the Independence of Brazil, who was later acclaimed emperor as Pedro I of Brazil, until the deposition of Pedro II during the Proclamation of the Republic, in 1889.
The Orleans and Braganca family, maternally descended from the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganca and paternally from the French house of Orleans, is considered by monarchists to be the current Brazilian imperial family.
References
House of Braganza
Mandach

Mandach is a municipality in Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
LNER Class A4

The LNER Class A4 was a type of steam locomotive made in England in 1935. It was designed by Sir Nigel Gresley for the London North Eastern Railway. 35 locomotives were built in total.
They were designed to be very fast and had a very sleek shape. One of them, 4468 "Mallard", is the fastest steam locomotive ever made. It set a world speed record of 126 mph (202.7 km/h) on July 3, 1938.
Six A4s still exist today. The rest were scrapped when steam stopped being used to power trains in Britain.
Sources
Other websites
LNER Encyclopedia Page covering the history and development of the LNER A4 Pacifics
United Kingdom rolling stock
Bridesmaid

A bridesmaid is a member of the bride's group in a wedding. A bridesmaid is usually a young woman, and often a close friend or sister. She helps the bride on the day of a wedding or marriage ceremony. Traditionally, bridesmaids were chosen from unmarried young women who were old enough to be married.
The main bridesmaid may be called the chief bridesmaid or maid of honor if she is unmarried, or the matron of honor if she is married. A junior bridesmaid is a girl who is clearly too young to get married, but who is included as an honorary bridesmaid.
Marriage
Women
River Annalee

The River Annalee is a river in County Cavan, Ireland. The source of the river is Lough Sillan near Shercock.
Rivers of Ireland
Roots (TV miniseries)

Roots is an American television miniseries based on Alex Haley's 1976 book Roots: The Saga of an American Family. It was first shown on ABC in 1977. It was shown over eight nights, from January 23 to January 30, 1977. It was followed by two sequels: Roots: The Next Generations, which was shown on ABC in 1979, and Roots: The Gift, a Christmas television movie which was shown on ABC in 1988. It got 37 Emmy Award nominations and won nine. It also won a Golden Globe and a Peabody Award.
The miniseries is about several generations of an African-American slave family. It shows their daily lives, where they are forced into labor, rape, and the sale and separation of their own family.
References
Other websites
1977 television series debuts
Miniseries
Emmy Award winning programs
Golden Globe Award winners
Peabody Award winners
English-language television programs
Mougins

Mougins is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Apicomplexa

The Apicomplexa are a large group of protists (protozoa) which are parasitic. They have developed some extraordinary adaptations which fit them in their parasitic life. They are all single-celled, they are all parasites of animals, and they all form spores.
They have a unique organelle, a plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure which gets them into a host's cell. They do not have structures such as flagella or pseudopods except in certain gamete stages. Body movement is by flexing or gliding.
The group were once called the Sporozoa, but this name is now discouraged.
Apicomplexans have complex life cycles, and there is much variation among different apicomplexan groups. Both asexual and sexual reproduction occur. Cell nuclei are haploid.
This is a diverse group including organisms such as coccidia, gregarines, piroplasms, haemogregarines, and malarias. Diseases caused by apicomplexan organisms include:
Babesiosis (Babesia)
Malaria (Plasmodium)
Coccidian diseases including:
Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium parvum)
Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora cayetanensis)
Isosporiasis (Isospora belli)
Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
Life cycle
Most members have a complex life-cycle, with both asexual and sexual reproduction. A host is infected by an active invasion by the parasites. The parasites divide to produce sporozoites which enter its cells. Eventually, the cells burst, releasing merozoites, which infect new cells. Eventually, gametes are produced, and they fuse to create new cysts. There are many variations on this basic pattern, however, and many Apicomplexa have more than one host.
The apical complex includes vesicles which open at the front of the cell. They secrete enzymes that allow the parasite to enter other cells. The tip is surrounded by a band of microtubules, called the polar ring, and among the Conoidasida there is also a funnel of tubulin proteins called the conoid.
The presence of alveoli and other traits place the Apicomplexa among a group called the alveolates. Several related flagellates, such as Perkinsus and Colpodella, have structures similar to the polar ring and were formerly included here, but most appear to be closer relatives of the dinoflagellates. They are probably similar to the common ancestor of the two groups.
Another similarity is that many apicomplexan cells contain a single plastid, called the apicoplast, surrounded by either 3 or four membranes. Its functions are thought to include tasks such as lipid and haem biosynthesis. It appears to be necessary for survival. The plastids are thought to have a common origin with the chloroplasts of dinoflagellates, and evidence points to an origin from red algae rather than green.
References
Surava

Surava was a municipality of the district Albula in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.
Former municipalities of Graubunden
Victorino Mapa

Victorino Montano Mapa (February 25, 1855 - April 12, 1927) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He later became the second Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands.
References
1927 deaths
Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
1855 births
Wellenstein

Wellenstein () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Remich.
On 1 January 2012, the commune was merged with Burmerange to form the commune of Schengen.
Former communes in Luxembourg
Jermaine Jenas

Jermaine Jenas (born 18 February 1983) is an English footballer. He plays for Tottenham Hotspur and the England national team.
Between 2003-2009, Jenas is said to have 21 England caps.
In January 2016, Jenas officially confirmed about his retirement from football.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Nottingham Forest||rowspan="2"|First Division||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2001/02||13||4||1||0||1||0||0||0||15||4
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Newcastle United||rowspan="5"|Premier League||12||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||12||0
|-
|2002/03||32||6||1||1||0||0||8||0||41||7
|-
|2003/04||31||2||2||0||1||0||12||1||46||3
|-
|2004/05||31||1||4||0||2||1||11||0||48||2
|-
|2005/06||4||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="4"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="4"|Premier League||30||6||1||1||1||0||0||0||32||7
|-
|2006/07||25||6||2||1||1||0||6||1||34||8
|-
|2007/08||29||4||3||0||6||2||7||0||45||6
|-
|2008/09||32||4||0||0||3||0||4||0||39||4
240||33||14||3||15||3||49||2||318||41
240||33||14||3||15||3||49||2||318||41
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2003||4||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||2||0
|-
|2008||3||1
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||21||1
|}
References
1983 births
Living people
2006 FIFA World Cup players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Black British sportspeople
English footballers
Sportspeople from Nottingham
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Premier League players
Oghuz Turks

Oghuz Turks were a historical western Turkic people that formed a tribal confederation in the area around the Caspian Sea in Central Asia during the early Middle Ages.
The Oghuz tribe also appears in Turkic Mythology. For example, the Oghuz Tribe would consist of 24 branches, from which the current Turks, Azeris and Turkmens would descend. The Oghuz people themselves are said to be descended from the legendary Turkish ruler Oghuz Khagan. Oghuz means "tribe" and Khagan means"ruler".
References
Turkic peoples
Operation Caban

Operation Caban was a military operation that happened in September 1979, to put former president, David Dacko back into power, and restore the Central African Empire to the Central African Republic by removing Emperor Bokassa I.
References
1979 in Africa
Valery Giscard d'Estaing
Military of France
Melanie Brown

Melanie Brown (born 29 May 1975), also known as Mel B, is a British singer, songwriter and television personality. She is best known as a member of the Spice Girls.
Career
Spice Girls
The Spice Girls started in 1994. She became known for her big frizzy hair during the groups early years and her nickname was "Scary Spice". The band released three albums. They broke up in 2000. In 2007 the Spice Girls did a tour called The Return of the Spice Girls.
Solo Career
Mel B has also released two solo albums. Hot was released in 2000. "I Want You Back" was released as a single from the album. Missy Elliott rapped in it. It reached number one in the UK. Brown's second album L.A. State of Mind was released in 2005. In 1997 Brown acted in Spice World. She won the Razzie Award for Worst Actress.
Television
Mel B has also been a celebrity judge on the shows America's Got Talent,. Australia's Got Talent,. The X Factor UK, its Australian version and Masked Singer Australia.
Personal life
She was born in Harehills, Leeds, West Yorkshire to an English mother and Nevisian father. She grew up working class in Burley, Leeds. She has three daughters.
References
Other websites
1975 births
Living people
Black British musicians
British R&B musicians
English pop musicians
English hip hop musicians
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Yorkshire
People from Leeds
Spice Girls
Corentin Tolisso

Corentin Tolisso (born 3 August 1994) is a French professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Bayern Munich and the France national team.
References
1994 births
French footballers
Association football midfielders
2018 FIFA World Cup players
Living people
FC Bayern Munchen players
Leipheim

Leipheim is a town in Gunzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the Danube, west of Gunzburg, and northeast of Ulm. The village Riedheim and Weissingen are districts of Leipheim. Since 1993, Leipheim has been twinned with the Hungarian town Fonyod.
References
Settlements in Gunzburg (district)
Jalapeño

The jalapeno is a type of Mexican pepper. It is a form of the Chili pepper. It is pronounced hala-PAYN-nyo or hala-PEE-nyoIt is named after the city of Xalapa, which is the capital of the Mexican state of Veracruz. A chipotle is a smoked, dried jalapeno. . The jalapeno is a reasonably spicy pepper, rated at between 2.500 and 8.000 Scoville. It is commonly sold in Mexico, and the southern United States, where it is used for cooking.
Jalapenos accound for about 30% of Mexican chili production.
Other websites
http://img.tfd.com/hm/prons/J0011550.wav - audio pronunciation
http://www.chili-pepper-plants.com/html/medium_peppers.html
Capsicum
Debra Baptist-Estrada

Debra Baptist-Estrada is a port commander from Belize. In 2016 she received the International Women of Courage Award.
Work
Estrada was Port Commander of Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport, the only international airport in Belize. For 20 years, she worked in the immigration department. In 2015 she helped U.S. officials to find a smuggling organization. The organization was smuggling drugs and people to the United States and Europe. Then she was transferred to the northern border of Belize. She worked as an immigration officer at the Santa Elena Border in Corozal. She continued to refuse bribes and enforce the immigration laws.
References
Other websites
2016 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Living people
Belizean people
Immigration
Year of birth missing (living people)
Common emerald dove

The common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica), also called Asian emerald dove and grey-capped emerald dove, is a widespread resident breeding pigeon native to the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The dove is also called the green dove and the green-winged pigeon. The common emerald dove is considered national dove of India and the provincial bird of the Indian subnational state of Tamil Nadu.
National symbols of India
Doves
Birds of India
Battery charger

A battery charger is a device that makes a used battery able to be used again. It works by forcing electric current into it from the opposite polarity of the battery. However, only rechargeable batteries can be recharged with a battery charger.
Battery chargers can be found in many forms, such as for mobile phone batteries, an electric vehicle charger, and a laptop battery charger (adapter).
References
Batteries
Bruay-la-Buissière

Bruay-la-Buissiere is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Benson, New York

Benson is a town in Hamilton County, New York.
References
Towns in New York (state)
Alan Bean

Alan LaVern Bean (March 15, 1932 - May 26, 2018), (Capt, USN, Ret.), was an American former naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut.
He was the fourth person to walk on the Moon. He was selected to become an astronaut by NASA in 1963 as part of Astronaut Group 3. He made his first flight into space aboard Apollo 12, the second manned mission to land on the Moon, at the age of thirty-seven years in November 1969.
Bean died at a hospital in Houston, Texas on May 26, 2018 from a short-illness at the age of 86.
References
Other websites
Alan Bean Online Gallery - An authorized gallery of all his paintings
Bean's official NASA biography
Astronautix biography of Alan Bean
Spacefacts biography of Alan Bean
Bean at International Space Hall of Fame
Ocean of Storms with Alan Bean
Alan Bean at the National Aviation Hall of Fame
Bean at Encyclopedia of Science
Bean at Spaceacts
Official publisher website for Homesteading Space
1932 births
2018 deaths
Apollo astronauts
Scientists from Texas
Cristina (singer)

Cristina Monet-Palaci (January 17, 1956 - March 31, 2020), better known as Cristina, was an American singer. She is best known for her new wave recordings made for Ze Records around the early 1980s in New York City. Her two studio albums were reissued in 2004. Notable singles by Cristina include "Disco Clone", "Is That All There Is?", "Drive My Car" and "Things Fall Apart".
On March 31, 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Cristina died of COVID-19. She was 64.
References
1956 births
2020 deaths
American pop singers
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Aérospatiale SA-341 Gazelle

The Aerospatiale SA-341 Gazelle is a French helicopter designed and built by Aerospatiale. It was also built under licence in UK by Westland as Westland Gazelle for Royal Navy and Royal Air Force. Some were built and used by Yugoslavia as SOKO SA-341 Partizan.
It was used for anti-tank, reconnaissance and training.
Many are also used for private helicopter.
Bibliography
Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et helicopteres militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Lariviere editions, 1999. .
Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 . London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
British military aircraft
French military aircraft
Helicopters
Gazelle
Chosen people

Many people have considered themselves to be the chosen people. Usually, a deity chose them to fulfill a specific role, or purpose. In monotheistic religions, this is used to construct "God's chosen people". One of the common cases was that the Israelites. Sometimes the claim is constructed because even though the people are not related to the Israelites, the ideas are similar.
Theology
Jan Schlaudraff

Jan Schlaudraff (born 18 July 1983) is a former German football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Borussia Monchengladbach||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2003/04||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2004/05||6||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Alemannia Aachen||rowspan="2"|2. Bundesliga||15||0||0||0||1||0||16||0
|-
|2005/06||29||11||0||0||colspan="2"|-||29||11
|-
|2006/07||Bundesliga||28||8||4||2||colspan="2"|-||32||10
|-
|2007/08||Bayern Munich||Bundesliga||8||0||0||0||6||0||14||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Hannover||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||22||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||23||5
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
112||24||6||2||7||0||125||26
112||24||6||2||7||0||125||26
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||2||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}
References
1983 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Blackland, Texas

Blackland is a city in Rockwall County, Texas, United States.
Cities in Texas
Arrondissement of Florac

The arrondissement of Florac is an arrondissement of France; it is part of the Lozere departement in the Occitanie region.
History
When the Lozere department was created on 17 February 1800, the arrondissement of Florac was part of that original department.
Geography
It is the smallest and southernmost of the two arrondissements of the department, with an area of . It has 13,313 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km2
The arrondissement is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Mende, to the east and south by the Gard department, and to the west by the Aveyron department.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Florac, there are 2 cantons whose communes are in the arrondissement: Le Collet-de-Deze and Florac. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and arrondissements:
Communes
The arrondissement of Florac has 44 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Barre-des-Cevennes (48019)
Bassurels (48020)
Bedoues-Cocures (48050)
Les Bondons (48028)
Cans-et-Cevennes (48166)
Cassagnas (48036)
Le Collet-de-Deze (48051)
Florac Trois Rivieres (48061)
Fraissinet-de-Fourques (48065)
Gabriac (48067)
Gatuzieres (48069)
Hures-la-Parade (48074)
Ispagnac (48075)
La Malene (48088)
Mas-Saint-Chely (48141)
Le Massegros (48094)
Meyrueis (48096)
Moissac-Vallee-Francaise (48097)
Molezon (48098)
Montbrun (48101)
Le Pompidou (48115)
Pont-de-Montvert-Sud-Mont-Lozere (48116)
Quezac (48122)
Le Recoux (48125)
Rousses (48130)
Le Rozier (48131)
Saint-Andre-de-Lancize (48136)
Sainte-Croix-Vallee-Francaise (48144)
Sainte-Enimie (48146)
Saint-Etienne-Vallee-Francaise (48148)
Saint-Georges-de-Levejac (48154)
Saint-Germain-de-Calberte (48155)
Saint-Hilaire-de-Lavit (48158)
Saint-Julien-des-Points (48163)
Saint-Martin-de-Boubaux (48170)
Saint-Martin-de-Lansuscle (48171)
Saint-Michel-de-Deze (48173)
Saint-Pierre-des-Tripiers (48176)
Saint-Privat-de-Vallongue (48178)
Saint-Rome-de-Dolan (48180)
Vebron (48193)
Ventalon-en-Cevennes (48152)
Vialas (48194)
Les Vignes (48195)
There is only a town with more than 1,000 inhabitants, and it is the subprefecture, Florac Trois Rivieres, with 2,107 inhabitants.
Related pages
Arrondissements of the Lozere department
Arrondissement of Mende
List of arrondissements of France
References
Florac
Steve Chen

Steve Chen is a Taiwanese-American Internet entrepreneur. He is one of the co-founders and previous chief technology officer of YouTube. After having co-founded the company AVOS Systems, Inc. and built the video-sharing app MixBit, he joined Google Ventures in 2014.
1978 births
Living people
American businesspeople
Treaty of Ghent

The Treaty of Ghent was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom. It was signed on 24 December 1814 in the Flemish city of Ghent. The treaty restored the borders of the two countries to the line before the beginning of the war.
The treaty was ratified by Parliament on 30 December 1814. It was signed into law by the Prince Regent (the future King George IV). An American army under Andrew Jackson scored a major victory at the Battle of New Orleans in early January 1815. The Treaty was not in effect until it was ratified by the U.S. Senate (unanimously) in February 1815.
References
Ghent
1810s in the United Kingdom
1810s in the United States
1814
Ghent
War of 1812
Gun language

Gun language () is a language in the Gbe languages group. It is spoken by the Gun people in Benin and Nigeria. This language is close to Fon, as well as to Agbome, Kpase, Maxi and Weme (Oueme) languages. It is the second most spoken language of Benin. It is used in some schools in the Oueme Department of Benin.
It is mainly spoken in south Benin in Porto-Novo, Seme, Bonou, Adjara, Avrankou, Dangbo, Misserete, Akpro-Misserete, Cotonou and other cities where Gun people live. Gun is also spoken by a minority of people in southwest Nigeria near the border with Benin.
References
Bibliography
Languages of Benin
Niger-Congo languages
Vorticity

Vorticity is a mathematical concept used in fluid dynamics. It can be related to the amount of "circulation" or "rotation" (or more strictly, the local angular rate of rotation) in a fluid.
The average vorticity in a small region of fluid flow is equal to the circulation around the boundary of the small region, divided by the area A of the small region.
Notionally, the vorticity at a point in a fluid is the limit as the area of the small region of fluid approaches zero at the point:
Mathematically, the vorticity at a point is a vector and is defined as the curl of the velocity:
One of the base assumptions of the potential flow assumption is that the vorticity is zero almost everywhere, except in a boundary layer or a stream-surface immediately bounding a boundary layer.
Because a vortex is a region of concentrated vorticity, the non-zero vorticity in these specific regions can be modelled with vortices.
Further reading
Batchelor, G. K., (1967, reprinted 2000) An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge Univ. Press
Ohkitani, K., "Elementary Account Of Vorticity And Related Equations". Cambridge University Press. January 30, 2005.
Chorin, Alexandre J., "Vorticity and Turbulence". Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol 103, Springer-Verlag. March 1, 1994.
Majda, Andrew J., Andrea L. Bertozzi, "Vorticity and Incompressible Flow". Cambridge University Press; 2002.
Tritton, D. J., "Physical Fluid Dynamics". Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 1977.
Arfken, G., "Mathematical Methods for Physicists", 3rd ed. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. 1985.
Other websites
Weisstein, Eric W., "Vorticity". Scienceworld.wolfram.com.
Doswell III, Charles A., "A Primer on Vorticity for Application in Supercells and Tornadoes". Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, Norman, Oklahoma.
Cramer, M. S., "Navier-Stokes Equations -- Vorticity Transport Theorems: Introduction". Foundations of Fluid Mechanics.
Parker, Douglas, "ENVI 2210 - Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics, 9: Vorticity ". School of the Environment, University of Leeds. September 2001.
Graham, James R., "Astronomy 202: Astrophysical Gas Dynamics". Astronomy Department, UC, Berkeley.
"The vorticity equation: incompressible and barotropic fluids ".
"Interpretation of the vorticity equation ".
"Kelvin's vorticity theorem for incompressible or barotropic flow ".
"Spherepack 3.1". (includes a collection of FORTRAN vorticity program)
"Mesoscale Compressible Community (MC2) Real-Time Model Predictions". (Potential vorticity analysis)
Fluid mechanics
Rogatien Vachon

Rogatien "Rogie" Vachon (born September 8, 1945 in Palmarolle, Quebec) was a French-Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Los Angeles Kings, Detroit Red Wings, and Boston Bruins in the National Hockey League.
Vachon shared the 1968 Vezina Trophy with Gump Worsley while with the Canadiens, along with three Stanley Cups. Vachon was traded to the Kings in 1971, where he achieved his greatest individual success. He was added to the NHL's second all-star team in 1975 and 1977.
Achievements
Stanley Cup Champion 1968, 1969, 1971 (with Montreal)
Canada Cup Champion 1976
1945 births
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Stanley Cup champions
Vezina Trophy winners
Meter (poetry)

In poetry, meter (British English spelling: metre) means the rhythmic patterns in a verse.
Fundamentals
The units of poetic meter, like rhyme, vary from language to language and between poetic traditions. They can involve arrangements of syllables into repeated patterns called feet within a line. English meter is founded on the patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. In Latin and Greek verse, on the other hand, while the metrical units are similar, not syllable stresses but syllable lengths are the component parts of meter.
Poetry
Potshangbam

Potshangbam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
References
Meitei surnames
Albuterol

Albuterol (also called salbutamol outside of the United States) is a type of medicine. It is a bronchodilator. This means it makes the bronchi - the tubes that bring oxygen to the lungs - get wider. This makes it easier for oxygen to get to the lungs. From the lungs, oxygen goes into the blood and travels to the rest of the body. In medicine, albuterol is called a b2 adrenergic receptor agonist.
Other names for albuterol
Albuterol is a generic medicine. In Canada and the United Kingdom, this generic drug is called salbutamol.
There are many different brand names for albuterol. The most common are Accuneb, ProAir, Proventil, and Ventolin.
What albuterol treats
Sometimes, diseases like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) make the bronchi get narrower. This makes it harder for oxygen to get to the lungs. This can cause trouble breathing or even respiratory failure, which means the body is not getting enough oxygen to survive.
Every part of the body needs oxygen to live. Without enough oxygen, parts of the body - like the brain - will start to die. Finally, a person's heart can stop if they do not get enough oxygen for a long enough time.
Albuterol can often keep these things from happening. Often, people with diseases like asthma or COPD are prescribed albuterol inhalers. As soon as they start having trouble breathing, they can use the inhaler to breathe albuterol right into their lungs. The albuterol will stop the bronchi from getting narrower, and will make them wider again. This makes it possible for normal amounts of oxygen to get to the lungs.
Side effects
Albuterol has some common side effects. They include:
Feeling shaky or having tremors
Feeling anxious or nervous
Headache
Feeling restless
Albuterol can also cause tachycardia (fast heart rate) and palpitations (feeling like the heart is pounding or fluttering). Because of this, albuterol is used carefully in people who have heart problems.
Other uses
Albuterol is also used by some for weight loss. Albuterol can cause rapid heartbeat or tachycardia. It causes blood pressure to rise and causes irregular heartbeats called cardiac arrhythmia. Bodybuilders sometimes use albuterol before contests to lose body fat and retain muscle. Abuterol is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for weight loss. Any abuse of Albuterol by taking too much can lead to a stroke or heart attack.
References
Bronchodilators
Organonitrogen compounds
Gurjar

Gurjar or Gujjar (also translitterated as Gujar, Goojar, Gujjara and Gujjer) are an ethnic nomadic, agricultural and pastoral group of Jammu and Kashmir, Northwestern India, northern and central Pakistan, Azad Kashmir and northeastern Afghanistan.
The Gujari language is closely related to Rajasthani and Marwari.
As per historical accounts parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat were known as Gurjar-bhumi or Gurjaratra prior to Mughal period in India. The Gurjar-Pratihara dynasty acted as a barrier to invasions from Muslim Arabs for around 300 centuries. However, in later times, circa the 14th century AD onwards, they were reduced to small principalities due to successful invasions and conquests by Muslim powers in northern and western India. During the 15th-16th century, there were Gujjar kings in the areas of Meerut and Dadri. The Gujjars in Pakistan and Afghanistan are Muslim.
After this time, with struggles against the rising Mughal power and later British India the Gujjars gradually fell into a decline. They became poor nomads and started living in jungles and forests. With Muslim rule in North India, the Hindu Gujjars of the area surrounding Delhi had to live in jungles in order to save their Hindu faith and to survive. Today, Hindu Gujjars are found in the Indian states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and to a smaller extent Punjab. Muslim Gujjars are found in the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab, Azad Kashmir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and in the Afghanistan province of Nuristan.
Reference
Ethnic groups in India
Beach Party

Beach Party is a 1963 musical comedy movie directed by William Asher. It stars Robert Cummings, Dorothy Malone, Annette Funicello, Frankie Avalon, Morey Amsterdam, and Harvey Lembeck. Musical group Dick Dale and the Del Tones starred as themselves. The movie is about an anthropology professor who studies the sex habits of a group of fun-loving, surfing teenagers on the beach. The movie was the first of five beach party movies from American International Pictures (AIP). It won the 1964 Golden Laurel "Sleeper of the Year" Award.
1963 musical movies
1963 comedy movies
1960s English-language movies
Movies produced by American International Pictures
American musical comedy movies
Movies directed by William Asher
Chicory

Common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the dandelion family Asteraceae. It usually has bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink.
It is often used as a food plant, and often as a coffee substitute. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots. The roots of variety sativum are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive.
In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fibre.
Chicory is grown as a forage crop for livestock. It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and is now common in North America, China, and Australia, where it has become widely introduced.
"Chicory" is also the common name in the United States for curly endive (Cichorium endivia). These two closely related species are often confused.
References
Medicinal plants
Vegetables
Asteraceae
Food supplements
Osteocephalus sangay

The Sangay casqued tree frog (Osteocephalus sangay) is a frog in the family Hylidae. It lives in Ecuador. Scientists have seen it between 1551 and 1795 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog is 40.3-41.3 mm long from nose to rear end. The adult female frog is 45.3-52.8 mm long. The skin on the frog's back is green or brown in color. It can have bumps made of keratin protein or dark marks. The tops of the legs and middle are light brown with darker brown marks. There is a large dark brown mark on the head. The sides of the head have a cream-colored stripe. There is yellow color on the skin outside the eye. The ear is green in color or dark brown in coor. The sides are light green, cream-colored, or brown with brown or black marks. The skin of the belly is brown with darker brown marks or lighter brown marks. The pupil of the eye has an olive green ring around it. The iris of the eye is bronze in color with black lines.
This frog lives in forests on the east sides of the mountains. Scientists have seen it at night, sitting on plants 2 m above the ground.
Scientists named this frog for the place they first found it: Parque Nacional Sangay. It is in Ecuador's Morona Santiago province. The word "sangay" comes from the Shuar language word "samkay." This word is for volcanoes.
References
Frogs of South America
Drexel University

Drexel University is a university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States.
Sources
Other websites
Official Athletics website
Colleges and universities in Pennsylvania
1891 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in Pennsylvania
Nyctimystes avocalis

Nyctimystes avocalis or the loud big-eyed tree frog is small frog from Papua New Guinea. It lives in wetlands far from the ocean. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species says it is vulnerable to extinction.
As of the 1950s, this frog had only been seen on eastern Goodenough Island, about 900 meters above sea level.
The male frog is about 35 mm long from nose to rear end. The frog is gray with brown patches on its back.
References
Frogs of Oceania
Lebrija

Lebrija is a municipality of 27,665 people (2022). It is in the province of Seville in the autonomous community of Andalusia in south Spain. Its area is 372 km2, which makes it one of the largest municipalities in the province.
Municipalities in Andalusia
Cities in Andalusia
Office Space

Office Space is a 1999 American comedy movie starring Ron Livingston and Jennifer Aniston. The movie was directed by Mike Judge. The movie is a satire of white collar office work in the United States.
Reception
Office Space received mostly positive reviews from reviewers, which means that most of them thought that it was a good movie. However, it did not make very much money at movie theaters, only earning $10,827,810 from movie tickets. The movie went on to become a cult classic, becoming more popular over time.
References
Other websites
1999 comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
American comedy movies
Cult movies
English-language movies
Office comedies
Movies set in Texas
Raorchestes hassanensis

Dutta's bubble-nest frog or Hassan bush frog (Raorchestes hassanensis) is a frog. It lives in India.
Scientists used to think this was the same frog as Raorchestes flaviventris but they changed their minds in 2015.
References
Frogs of Asia
Tennis Borussia Berlin

Tennis Borussia Berlin is a football club which plays in Germany. It is a local team in the sixth tier of the German football league system.
References
1902 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in Germany
Football clubs in Berlin
Dušan Pašek

Dusan Pasek (7 September 1960 - 15 March 1998) was a Czechoslovakian professional ice hockey centre. Pasek played one season in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Minnesota North Stars. Pasek was drafted with the 81st overall pick by the Minnesota North Stars in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft.
He also played for Czechoslovakia at the 1984 Winter Olympics where they won a silver medal. When he retired, he became the president of the Slovak Ice Hockey Federation.
On 15 March 1998, Pasek committed suicide by gunshot in his office at Slovan Bratislava in the wake of Slovakia's disappointing performance at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. He left six suicide notes for his wife, his three children, the Slovak Ice Hockey Federation and Slovan Bratislava officials. He said that he was sorry for killing himself and asked that others try to understand his decision.
References
Other websites
1960 births
1998 deaths
Czechoslovak ice hockey players
Minnesota North Stars players
People from Bratislava
Slovak ice hockey players
Czechoslovak Olympic silver medalists
Slovak Olympians
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Suicides by firearm
Ice hockey centres