pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Project Athena

Project Athena was a joint project of MIT, Digital Equipment Corporation, and IBM. It was launched in 1983, and research and development continued until June 30, 1991, eight years after it began. It is widely believed that the goals were to create a computing environment that would utilize up to 1,000 workstations but in fact, the goal was to improve the quality of education delivered by the Institute.
The concept that a user could go to any workstation and access any files or applications without finding major differences in the user interface and service, just like browsing the Internet today.
The project created many technologies that are widely used today, such as the X Window System and Kerberos.
References
Treese, G. Winfield, Berkeley UNIX on 1000 Workstations: Athena Changes to 4.3 BSD USENIX Association, February 1988.
Arfman, J. M.; Roden, Peter. Project Athena: Supporting distributed computing at MIT IBM Systems Journal Volume 31, Number 3, 1992.
Champine, George (1991). MIT Project Athena: A Model for Distributed Campus Computing, Digital Press, .
Avril, C. R.; Orcutt, Ron L. Athena: MIT's Once and Future Distributed Computing Project, Information Technology Quarterly (Fall 1990).
Athena at MIT (mit.edu)
Other websites
Athena at MIT
Project Glue at UMD College Park
Software
List of governors of Odisha

This is a list of the governors of the Indian state of Odisha (formerly Orissa), since its foundation in 1936.
Governors of Odisha
References
Other websites
(Governor's Official Residence)
Knut Fredriksson

Knut Rudolf Fredriksson (3 March 1930 - 19 May 2019), nicknamed "Favor-Fredrik", was a Swedish javelin thrower. He finished sixth at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. He also competed at the 1958 European Athletics Championships, where he finished ninth. He won the national javelin title in 1954, 1958, 1959 and 1960, and set a new national record in 1959.
Fredriksson was born in Gustavsfors, Bengtsfors. He died on 19 May 2019, at the age of 89.
References
Other websites
Knut Fredriksson at Sports-Reference.com
1930 births
2019 deaths
1960 Summer Olympics
Swedish Olympians
Javelin throwers
Honesty (Billy Joel song)

"Honesty" is a 1979 song by Billy Joel and is the third track from his sixth studio album 52nd Street. It went to number 1 in France, number 8 in South Africa, number 10 in Italy, number 16 in Canada, number 20 in Zimbabwe, number 24 in the United States and number 29 in France and was covered by Beyonce in 2008.
Track listing
US single
"Honesty" - 3:53
"The Mexican Connection" - 3:38
Dutch single/CBS 7150
"Honesty" - 3:53
"Root Beer Rag" - 2:59
CBS single
"Honesty"
"My Life"
References
1979 songs
1970s ballads
Rock ballads
Billy Joel songs
Beyonce songs
Electoral district of Black

Black is an electoral district of South Australia. It was created in 2018.
Black is in Adelaide.
Election results
References
Black
Kinding

Kinding is a municipality in the district of Eichstatt in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Eichstatt (district)
Guayaquil

Guayaquil (), officially Santiago de Guayaquil (), is the largest city in Ecuador. It has about 3.5 million in the metropolitan area. It is also the nation's main port. The city is the capital of both the Guayas Province and the Guayaquil Canton.
References
Other websites
Little L

"Little L" is a 2001 song by English funk band Jamiroquai. It is the leading single from their fifth studio album A Funk Odyssey. It went to number 1 in Spain, number 2 in Italy, number 5 in Finland, Portugal and the United States, number 6 in Hungary and Scotland, number 7 in Canada, number 14 in Australia, number 16 in Ireland, number 17 in Switzerland, number 20 in Norway and number 22 in France.
Track listings
UK CD single
"Little L" (single edit)
"Little L" (Wounded Buffalo remix)
"Little L" (Bob Sinclar remix)
"Little L" (Boris Dlugosch mix)
"Little L" (video)
UK 12-inch single
A1. "Little L" (single edit)
A2. "Little L" (Wounded Buffalo remix)
B1. "Little L" (Bob Sinclar remix)
B2. "Little L" (Boris Dlugosch mix)
UK cassette single
"Little L" (single edit)
"Little L" (Wounded Buffalo remix)
Australian CD single
"Little L" (single edit)
"Little L" (Bob Sinclar remix) - 7:26
"Little L" (Boris Dlugosch mix)
"Little L" (Boris Dlugosch dub)
US CD single
"Little L" (single edit) - 3:57
"Little L" (Bob Sinclair remix) - 7:26
"Little L" (Boris Dlugosch mix) - 6:14
"Little L" (Blaze Shelter mix) - 6:18
"You Give Me Something" (Full Intention club mix) - 7:11
References
2001 songs
Jamiroquai songs
Jasper, Alabama

Jasper is a city in Alabama in the United States. It is the county seat of Walker County.
Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Rally-X

Rally-X is a arcade video game released by Namco in 1980. The player moves a car around a maze. The player tries to collect 10 "flags".
Players can lose a life by:
Running in to a red car
Running in to rocks
Running out of fuel
Flags
In Rally-X, there are two types of flags: regular flags and special flags. Special flags double the players points after collecting it. It will only work if the player does not lose a life. In New Rally-X, there is another flag called a lucky flag. It fills up the car's fuel tank if it is empty. There is only one special flag or lucky flag.
1980 video games
Arcade games
Namco video games
Aileen Baviera

Aileen San Pablo Baviera (August 26, 1959 - March 21, 2020) was a Filipino political scientist and sinologist. She was one of the leading China experts in her country.
Baviera died of pneumonia caused by the COVID-19 virus in the early morning of March 21, 2020 at San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, Philippines. She returned from Paris on March 12, where she was infected as a congressman. Wife of the late Villegas Baviera who died of heart attack in 2018, Baviera left after three surviving children, Vita Amalya (born 1985), Mara Yasmin (born 1986) and Jorge Vittorio (born 1991).
Publications (selection)
Contemporary Political Attitudes and Behavior of the Chinese in Metro Manila, 1994.
Regional Security in East Asia: Challenges to Cooperation and Community Building, 2008.
References
1959 births
2020 deaths
Political scientists
Filipino academics
People from Manila
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines
Don Hastings

Donald Francis Michael "Don" Hastings (born April 1, 1934) is an American actor, singer, and writer. He was born in New York City. His brother was actor Bob Hastings.
Hastings is best known for his 50-year role as Dr. Robert "Bob" Hughes on the CBS soap opera As the World Turns. Hastings was the third actor to play Hughes and is the longest serving cast member of an American television soap opera, after the death of matriarch Helen Wagner of the same series.
His career began in 1947. He is married to actress Leslie Denniston. Hastings has four children: three from his first marriage and one with Denniston.
Hastings lives in Millerton, New York.
References
Other websites
1934 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Singers from New York City
Writers from New York City
Actors from New York City
Rosalia Lazaro Calleja

Rosalia Lazaro Calleja (born January 25, 1975 in Madrid) is a track and field athlete from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and a T12/P12/F12/B2 type athlete. She was at the 1996 Summer Paralympics and competed in the long jump and pentathlon. She finished second in the long jump and 9 in the pentathlon. She was at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and competed in the long jump. She finished first. She was at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and competed in the long jump and finished second. She was at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and competed in the long jump 100 meter race.
References
Spanish long jumpers
Living people
1975 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Sportspeople from Madrid
Directed evolution

Directed evolution (DE) is a method used to produce enzymes for industrial or medical purposes.
The method is protein engineering which mimics natural selection.
The basic idea is to put a gene through repeated rounds of mutation, to make a library of variants. Selection isolates genes with the desired function. They are a template for the next round.
This can be done in vivo (in living cells of bacteria or yeast), or in vitro (free in solution or microdroplets).
Testing more mutants increases the chances of finding one with the desired properties.
During in vivo evolution, each cell (usually bacteria or yeast) is transformed with a plasmid containing a different member of the variant library. Only the gene of interest differs between the cells, with all other genes being kept the same.
The cells express the protein either in their cytoplasm or surface where its function can be tested. This format has the advantage of selecting for properties in a cellular environment, which is useful when the evolved protein or RNA is to be used in living organisms.
When done without cells, DE uses in vitro transcription translation to produce proteins or RNA free in solution or inside artificial microdroplets. This has the benefit of allowing more conditions (e.g. temperature, solvents). It can express proteins that would be toxic to cells. Furthermore, in vitro evolution experiments can generate far larger libraries (up to 1015) because the library DNA need not be inserted into cells. That often limits what can be done.
Ensuring heredity
When functional proteins have been isolated, it is necessary that their genes are too, therefore a genotype-phenotype link is required.
This can be covalent, where the mRNA gene is linked to the protein at the end of translation by puromycin.
Alternatively the protein and its gene can be kept together, or in emulsion droplets. The gene sequences isolated are then multiplied by PCR or by transformed host bacteria. Either the single best sequence, or a pool of sequences can be used as the template for the next round of mutagenesis. The repeated cycles of diversification-selection-amplification make enzyme variations adapted to the selection process.
Prize awarded
US engineer Frances Arnold has won the Millennium Technology Prize for pioneering directed evolution.
References
Genetic engineering
Cell biology
Enzymes
Evolutionary biology
United States Grand Prix

The United States Grand Prix is a motor race which has been run on and off since 1908, when it was known as the American Grand Prize. The race later became part of the Formula One World Championship. From 2000 to 2007, the race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course. the United States Grand Prix was dropped from the Formula One calendar starting in 2008.
In 2010, the FIA announced that the race would return to the United States at a new circuit near Austin, Texas. The new track, known as the Circuit of the Americas, hosted its first U.S. Grand Prix in .
History
Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Formula One returned to the United States in . The race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. A road course was built for the Formula one race. Part of the oval track was used, including the main straightaway and turn 4. The remaining part of the road course was built in the infield portion of the track. Even thought most American races run counter-clockwise, including the Indianapolis 500, the Formula One course was built to run clockwise.
Circuit of the Americas
A new race track is being built in the Austin area. This track is being designed and built for the use of Formula One racing and MotoGP, and will also host a round of V8 Supercars, an Australia-based touring car racing series. The track will be located southeast of Austin next to state highway 130. The track will be located on a 900 acre site. The location used to known as the Wandering Creek property.
Winners of the United States Grand Prix
Repeat winners (drivers)
Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season. A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Repeat winners (constructors)
Teams in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Repeat winners (engine manufacturers)
Manufacturers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
* Built by Cosworth, funded by Ford
** Built by Ilmor in 2001, funded by Mercedes
By year
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Broadcasting
United Kingdom
Other websites
United States Grand Prix History
United States Grand Prix Statistics
Formula One Phoenix Circuit History
Formula One Fair Park Circuit History
Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin
References
Formula One Grands Prix
Norodom Ranariddh

Norodom Ranariddh (; 2 January 1944 - 28 November 2021) was a Cambodian royal politician and law academic. He is the second son of Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia and a half-brother of Norodom Sihamoni.
Ranariddh is the president of FUNCINPEC, a Cambodian royalist party. He was also the First Prime Minister of Cambodia following the restoration of the monarchy, serving between 1993 and 1997, and subsequently as the President of the National Assembly between 1998 and 2006.
On 17 June 2018, Ranariddh and his wife, Ouk Phalla, were both seriously injured in a car accident en route to Sihanoukville Province. Ouk Phalla died hours later as a result of her injuries.
Ranariddh died on 28 November 2021 at a hospital in Aix-en-Provence, France at the age of 77.
References
1944 births
2021 deaths
Princes and princesses
Prime Ministers of Cambodia
Light Rail Transit Association

The Light Rail Transit Association (LRTA) is an association. Its purpose is to help and encourage research to keep and develop of light rail and tramway/streetcar systems. The LRTA publishes the monthly magazine Tramways and Urban Transit (formerly Modern Tramway). It is based in the United Kingdom but it has an international membership and remit.
History
The LRTA was formed in 1937. It was called Light Railway Transport League (LRTL) until 1979.
The opening of the Tyne and Wear Metro in 1980, followed by the Manchester Metrolink in 1991 and other new tram systems in Sheffield, Birmingham, Croydon and Nottingham, are very much in line with the aims of the Association.
Related pages
National Tramway Museum
Scottish Tramway and Transport Society
Transport 2000
Other websites
LRTA official website
The official publication of the LRTA
Light rail in the United Kingdom
Charleroi-Thuin (Walloon Parliament constituency)

Charleroi-Thuin is a constituency of Wallonia.
Members
Election results
References
Constituencies of the Parliament of Wallonia
Alan S. Becker

Alan S. Becker (February 9, 1946 - July 4, 2020) was an American lawyer, politician, educator, and writer. Becker was born in Brooklyn, in New York City. He was in the Florida House of Representatives from 1972 to 1978. He was a Democrat.
Becker died from cancer at his home in Southwest Ranches, Florida on July 4, 2020 at the age of 74.
References
1946 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in Florida
State legislators of the United States
Lawyers from New York City
Educators from New York City
American political writers
Businesspeople from New York City
Writers from New York City
Politicians from New York City
Businesspeople from Florida
Politicians from Florida
Writers from Florida
Educators from Florida
Kyaikmakaw Pagoda

Kyaikmakaw Pagoda (kiukmttkeaacettiitteaa) is an ancient pagod in Phalay Village, Kawa Township, Bago Region, Myanmar. The hair relics of Gautama Buddha was enshrined in this pagoda. Pagoda is 315 feet tall, and the fourth highest pagoda at that time.
Location
The pagoda is located in Phalay Village, 3 miles 5 furlong east of the Kawa town and 6 furlong from Kawa - Ohnne Road. The pagoda is on the Bago Range.
Gallery
References
Buildings and structures in Asia
Robert Hegyes

Robert Hegyes (May 7, 1951 - January 26, 2012) was an American actor who was known for his role as Juan Epstein in the 1970s comedy sitcom Welcome Back, Kotter.
Hegyes was born on May 7, 1951 in Perth Amboy, New Jersey to a Hungarian-Italian family. He was raised in Metuchen, New Jersey. Hegyes studied at Metuchen High School and at Glassboro State College. He was never married. Hegyes died on January 26, 2012 from a heart attack in Edison, New Jersey, aged 60.
References
Other websites
1951 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
Actors from New Jersey
People from Perth Amboy, New Jersey
Shoot (professional wrestling)

A Shoot is something in professional wrestling that is completely real and is not scripted. In other words, broken kayfabe. A shoot rarely happens.
Worked shoot
On the scripted level, a Worked shoot is a scripted segment that takes place in a show with elements of reality being exposed, such as an off-screen incident between wrestlers being used as fuel for an on-screen rivalry between them. It can also be a segment that fans are meant to believe is a shoot, but is not.
Professional wrestling
Sunbonnet Sue

Subonnet Sue is a 1945 American musical comedy movie directed by Ralph Murphy and starring Gale Storm, Phil Regan, George Cleveland, Minna Gombell, Edna Holland, Raymond Hatton, Alan Mowbray. It was distributed by Monogram Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946.
Other websites
1945 comedy movies
1945 musical movies
American musical comedy movies
Movies directed by Ralph Murphy
Cottageville, South Carolina

Cottageville is a town in Colleton County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 762 at the 2010 census.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Cottageville has a total area of , all land.
References
Other websites
Towns in South Carolina
Belgrade, Nebraska

Belgrade is a village in Nance County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 103 at the 2020 census.
References
Villages in Nebraska
LaWanda Page

LaWanda Page (October 19, 1920September 14, 2002), born Alberta Peal, was an American actress and comedienne best known for her role as Aunt Esther in the 1970s TV sitcom Sanford and Son. She later reprised the role in Sanford Arms and Sanford.
Early life and career
She was born on October 19, 1920 in Cleveland, Ohio. Page was raised in St. Louis, Missouri. LaWanda Page and Redd Foxx were very close friends from the time they were pre-teens. They attended school and grew up together in St. Louis. Later on, they both entered the field of comedy separately and performed stage acts. Page later recorded several live comedy albums for the Laff Records label in the late 1960s and early 1970s under the LaWanda stage name. One release, a gold-selling album called Watch It, Sucker!, was titled after one of her Aunt Esther character's catchphrases to capitalize on her newfound TV fame. During her tenure as a stand-up comic, which lasted all the way to the 1990s, she was often called The Queen of Comedy, or The Black Queen of Comedy. Other than the expletive-free Sane Advice album, released two years after the run of Sanford and Son, most of Page's albums and stand-up material were raunchy in nature.
Other film and television appearances
In 1977 Page appeared in an episode of The Love Boat, Martin, 227, Family Matters, and Diff'rent Strokes. She appeared on Circus Of The Stars as a fire eater.
Death
Page died of complications from diabetes on September 14, 2002. She is interred in an outdoor crypt at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California.
Her daughter, the evangelist Clara Estella Roberta Johnson, died on June 4, 2006, in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 69.
Discography
Mutha Is Half a Word (1971)
Watch It, Sucker! (1972)
Back Door Daddy (1972; featuring Skillet & Leroy)
Preach On Sister, Preach On! (1973)
Pipe Layin' Dan (1973)
Sane Advice (1979)
References
Other websites
1920 births
2002 deaths
Actors from Cleveland
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
African American actors
African American comedians
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from St. Louis, Missouri
Comedians from Cleveland
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Ryo Kushino

Ryo Kushino (born 3 March 1979) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="8"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="8"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||14||0||3||0||1||0||18||0
|-
|2001||21||0||0||0||6||0||27||0
|-
|2002||23||0||3||0||5||0||31||0
|-
|2003||30||0||3||0||3||0||36||0
|-
|2004||29||0||1||0||6||0||36||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara Chiba||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||22||0||1||0||5||0||28||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||8||0||8||0
|-
|2007||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J. League 1||6||0||0||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|JEF United Ichihara Chiba||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||1||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2009||11||0||0||0||2||0||13||0
|-
|2010||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
157||0||12||0||36||0||205||0
157||0||12||0||36||0||205||0
|}
References
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Kumamoto Prefecture
Mariano Mores

Mariano Martinez, better known as Mariano Mores (18 February 1918 - 13 April 2016), was a famous Argentine tango composer, pianist and conductor. He was born in Buenos Aires.
Together with Enrique Santos Discepolo, he authored such classics as Uno (1943), Sin palabras (1946) and Cafetin de Buenos Aires (1948). Mores and Jose Maria Contursi wrote En esta tarde gris (1941), Tu piel de jazmin (1941), Grisel (1942) and Cristal (1944). He co-wrote La calesita (1953) and El patio de la morocha (1951) with Catulo Castillo, Una lagrima tuya (1949) with Homero Manzi and, Cuartito Azul (1939) with Mario Battistella.
Mores died on 13 April 2016 in Buenos Aires at the age of 98.
References
Other websites
1918 births
2016 deaths
Argentine pianists
Argentine composers
Conductors
Musicians from Buenos Aires
Clay City, Kentucky

Clay City is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Battle of Bryn Glas

The Battle of Bryn Glas was fought on 22 June 1402. This was the major battle of the Welsh Revolt (1400-1415). The rebel forces of Wales, led by Owain Glyndwr defeated the English army led by Sir Edmund Mortimer. The exact location of the battle is not known, but research shows that it was probably on Bryn Glas hill, to the east, west and south of the church of St. Mary. The English attacked the Welsh forces who were on the top of the hill. During the battle, Mortimer was captured by the Welsh. The bodies of the dead English, were left on the battlefield; later the bones were collected and buried in the churchyard.
References
History of Wales
Battles of the Middle Ages
1402
15th century in England
June events
Sperlinga

Sperlinga is a comune in the province of Enna, in the central part of Sicily. Sperlinga is about above sea level. It is on a hill on the southern slopes of the Nebrodi mountains, about north of Enna. It has a number of dwellings. The village has a large medieval castle, dating from Norman times.
In 2014 the population was 819 people. The main activity in the area is farming.
History
The village is first mentioned (as "Sperlingua") in a document belonging to the Norman Count Roger from 1082. The castle is first mentioned in 1113.
It is believed that Sperlinga did not take part in the Sicilian Vespers, the bloody uprising against the Angevin French rulers of Sicily in 1282. The village may have offered them protection. There was an inscription over a door in the castle which read ,, meaning "what pleased the Sicilians, only Sperlinga denied".
From about 1360 Sperlinga was ruled by the Ventimiglia family. In 1597 it was sold for 30,834 ounces of gold to Giovanni Natoli. Natoli was granted a licentia populandi or "licence to populate" by the king of Sicily, Philip II of Spain, and was made Prince of Sperlinga in 1627. His son Francesco sold Sperlinga in 1656 to Giovanni Stefano Oneto, but kept the princely title. Oneto was made Duke of Sperlinga in 1666 by Charles II of Spain.
During the Allied invasion of Sicily, in the Second World War, Allied forces moved past Sperlinga to envelop Nicosia, a few kilometres to the south. They met strong resistance. After a show of force by American tanks, the Axis forces withdrew from Sperlinga and Nicosia during the night of 27 July 1943. Units of the American 16th Infantry Regiment entered Sperlinga the next morning.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Middle Ages
Settlements in Sicily
Italian-speaking countries
French-speaking countries
History of Italy
Mosaddek Hossain

Mosaddek Hossain Saikat is a cricketer from Bangladesh. He plays for the Bangladesh national cricket team. He was born on December 10, 1995.
References
Other websites
1995 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Norihiro Nishi

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Nishi was born in Takatsuki on May 9, 1980. After graduating from Funabashi Municipal High School, he joined J1 League club Jubilo Iwata in 1999. He played many matches from first season. The club won the champions in 1999, 2002 J1 League and 2003 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club won the champions 1998-99 Asian Club Championship and the 2nd place 1999-00 and 2000-01 Asian Club Championship. His opportunity to play decreased for injury from 2004. In 2009 and 2010, he played most matches and the club won 2010 J.League Cup. He moved to Tokyo Verdy in 2012 and played until 2013. After that, he played for Police United (2014) and Okinawa SV (2016). He retired end of 2016 season.
In September 2000, Nishi was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2000 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in the match.
On April 25, 2004, Nishi debuted for Japan national team against Hungary. In July, he was selected Japan for 2004 Asian Cup. He played 2 matches and Japan won the champions. He played 5 games for Japan in 2004.
Statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="13"|Jubilo Iwata||rowspan="13"|J1 League||13||4||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||4
|-
|2000||19||3||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||22||3
|-
|2001||22||2||2||1||7||0||colspan="2"|-||31||3
|-
|2002||26||4||3||0||7||1||colspan="2"|-||36||5
|-
|2003||24||1||5||1||8||0||colspan="2"|-||37||2
|-
|2004||17||4||4||2||0||0||4||1||25||7
|-
|2005||19||3||1||2||0||0||4||1||24||6
|-
|2006||16||4||2||1||5||0||colspan="2"|-||23||5
|-
|2007||17||2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||2
|-
|2008||12||2||2||1||6||1||colspan="2"|-||20||4
|-
|2009||29||4||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2010||31||3||2||0||7||1||colspan="2"|-||40||4
|-
|2011||10||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2012||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J2 League||38||6||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||39||6
|-
|2013||35||5||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||37||5
328||47||33||8||47||3||8||2||416||60
328||47||33||8||47||3||8||2||416||60
|}
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
!Total||5||0
|}
References
Other websites
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Jubilo Iwata players
Tokyo Verdy players
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Terrence Howard

Terrence Howard (March 11 1969) is an American actor and singer who has starred in many movies. He did Hustle & Flow and Crash (2004). His acting career began around 1992. He was born in Chicago and raised in Cleveland, Ohio.
Filmography
American movie actors
Actors from Chicago
Actors from Cleveland
Singers from Chicago
Singers from Cleveland
1969 births
Living people
Jane March

Jane March (born 20 March 1973) is an English actress. She was born in London to a Vietnamese-Chinese mother and Anglo-Spanish father. She has starred in many movies. These movies include The Lover and Color of Night. Both of these movies were originally rated NC-17 by the MPAA.
References
Other websites
Actors from London
English movie actors
1973 births
Living people
Reichsuniversität Straßburg

The Reichsuniversitat Strassburg was founded 1941 by the National Socialists in Alsace. The purpose was to create a university continuousness to Universitat Strassburg that existed till the 1. World War. Also, it was important for the German invaders to propagate the "pure German knowledge" of National Socialistic character in occupied France. The Reichsuniversitat was dissolved in 1944.
References
Teresa Wroblewska: Die Reichsuniversitaten Posen, Prag und Strassburg als Modelle nationalsozialistischer Hochschulen in den von Deutschland besetzten Gebieten. Marszalek, Torun 2000,
Wechsler Patrick: La Faculte de medecine de la "Reichsuniversitat Strassburg" (1941-1945), medical PhD, Nr. 191, Universite Louis-Pasteur Strassburg, 1991
Jens Th. Marx: Die vertagten medizinischen Fakultaten zu Strassburg in ihren historischen, politischen, universitatskonstitutionellen und wissenschaftlichen Kontexten 1538 - 1944, Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2008
Nazism
Strasbourg
Strasbourg
1941 establishments in Europe
1944 disestablishments
1940s establishments in France
20th-century disestablishments in France
1940s disestablishments in Europe
Antioxidant

An antioxidant is a molecule that can slow or stop the oxidation, or electron transfer, of other molecules.
Antioxidants can be found in food.
Antioxidants are molecules that relieve oxidative stress by preventing the formation and oxidation of free radicals. Antioxidants donate one of their electrons or hydrogen to free radicals, stopping their chain reaction. Found in our diet (for example, in vitamins) or formed inside our body (like enzymes), antioxidants can protect us from the damaging effects of free radicals.
The best way to combat free radicals is to have a diet of fresh fruits and vegetables, red wine, and green tea. These functional foods are rich in phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. Health supplements enriched with antioxidants are also now widely available.
References
Afzal, M., Armstrong, D. (2002). "Fractionation of herbal medicine for identifying antioxidant activity". In: Armstrong, D. (Ed.) Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 186: Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Antioxidant Protocols, Humana Press Inc.
Halliwell, B., Aeschbach, R., Loliger, J., Aruoma, O.I. (1995). "The characterization of antioxidant". Food and Chemical Toxicology 33(7): 601-617.
Kaur, C., Kapoor, H. (2001). "Review: antioxidants in fruits and vegetables - the millennium's health". International Journal of Food Science and Technology 36: 703-725.
Percival, M. (1998). "Antioxidants". Clinical Nutrition Insights 1/96 Rev. 10/98. http://acudoc.com/Antioxidants.PDF
Chemical processes
Diets
Lee Jong-min (footballer, born 1987)

Lee Jong-Min (born 21 May 1987) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
Club career statistics
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|2006||Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="3"|J. League 2|| || || || || ||
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|2012||Matsumoto Yamaga||J. League 2|| || || || || ||
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References
Other websites
Lee Jong-Min at Guardian.co.uk
1987 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
Rhyolite

Rhyolite is a very strong igneous, volcanic rock.
German geologist Ferdinand von Richthofen named the rock.
Igneous rocks
Bastani sonnati

Bastani sonnati (Persian: bstny snty, also called: "saffron ice cream" or "Flower and
nightingale ice cream") is an Iranian ice cream with a sticky and elastic texture with high fat content similar to mastic ice creams or "Kulfi (Indian ice cream)". This ice cream is made from milk, sweet cream, eggs, sugar, rose water (or "rose leaves"), saffron, vanilla, and pistachios. It is best known as Persian ice cream. Sometimes it is also customary to add to this ice cream: "Salep (orchid powder)" and even a bit of gum like gum ice cream to give it a more sticky and elastic look.
Forms of serving
Some serve this ice cream together with: "Faloodeh" (Faloodeh Shirazi) and it is customary to serve this ice cream with "carrot juice" plus: cinnamon, walnut nutmeg, cloves, cardamom, or other spices. This form of submission is called: "Ab havij bastani."
History
Initial evidence of eating cold desserts in the Persia region in 500 BC during the Ahmani Kingdom. During this time, it was customary to mix Snow with "Sorbet (fruit peel)" and to sprinkle with it: saffron, grape juice, and fruits. In 400 BC, the dessert was invented: "Faloodeh" and used to mix it with Persian ice cream so as not to lose the liquid of the melted ice cream.
In modern times
At the end of the 19th century, the "Persian ice cream" was invented in today's version of hard texture, similar to the gum ice creams that were in the region: Turkey and Syria. This ice cream was called "Bashtani Sonati." This version was prepared on a Cream basis with very high fat percentages and sometimes also with eggs, instead of "crushed gum powder" with "orchid powder" plus spices in honor of the Persian king and also for seasoning of Persian desserts such as Faloodeh.
Related pages
Kulfi
Mastic ice creams
Other websites
Ice cream
Persian culture
Database normalisation

Database normalisation is an approach to designing databases which was introduced by Edgar F. Codd in the 1970s. Certain databases, known as relational databases, allow data to be stored in separate groups. Each group is commonly called a table. To provide useful information, these groups are connected to each other. For example, students could be stored in one group, and classes in another group. To show that a student is enrolled in a class, a "relationship" is established from one group to the other. A student could have a relationship to many classes, each of which he or she would be enrolled in, while a class would have a relationship to many students.
A traditional alternative is the "flat file database", where all of the data is grouped together like in a spreadsheet. The problem with flat file databases is that they can have a lot of blank spaces and there is a lot of information that has to be repeated for each entry. This means that the database is bigger than it has to be, and it makes it more likely that the database will contain mistakes. Relational databases, by breaking the data into groups, reduce the chance of mistakes happening and does not take up any more space than necessary. But for it to work it needs to be well designed.
Database normalization is a method of designing good relational databases, e.g. by eliminating redundancies. There are several "normal forms", each of which have rules which the database should be designed to meet. Codd originally specified three sets of criteria that different databases must meet: first, second and third normal form.
If a relation (or "database table") meets a certain normal form, it is not vulnerable to certain modifications, that will affect data integrity. The drawback of meeting such a set of criteria is usually that querying certain data from the database will become more difficult.
First normal form
Second normal form
Third normal form
Fourth normal form
Fifth normal form
References
Normalization
Latvia

Latvia (Latvian: Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republika), is a country in Northern Europe. The capital is Riga. It is one of the Baltic States, together with Estonia in the north and Lithuania in the south. Latvia's neighbours to the east are the countries Russia and Belarus. Latvia is split into four parts called Kurzeme, Vidzeme, Zemgale, and Latgale.
People from Latvia are called Latvians. They speak the Latvian language, which is a little like the Lithuanian language, though not close enough to be understood.
History
Latvia was settled by the Baltic tribes thousands of years ago. They mainly fished, hunted, and traded.
German traders and crusaders came to Latvia at the end of the 12th century. Latvians lost control of their homeland. Over the next 800 years, Germans, Danes, Swedes, Poles, and Russians all invaded Latvia. Latvia finally became independent in 1918.
During the 13-15th centuries there was the Teutonic Order state occupied Latvian territory.
Before World War I the aristocracy were mainly German.
During the Great Northern war (1700-1721) modern-day Latvia became the part of the Russian empire. There were organized Courland and Livonia.
Latvian workers took part in the revolutionary struggle in 1905.
In 1940 Latvia became the Soviet republic was incorporated in Soviet Union.
It was under Nazi occupation during World War II in 1941-1944.
After the war a lot of factories were opened. Latvia became one of the successful Soviet republics.
In 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed and the independent Latvian republic was restored.
Politics
In Copenhagen on 13 December 2002, Latvia and nine other countries were invited to join the European Union. On 20 September 2003, Latvians held an election to vote on joining. Two thirds of Latvians voted to join, and on 1 May 2004, Latvia became a member of the EU.
Latvia has been a NATO member since 29 March 2004.
International rankings
Related pages
Latvia at the Olympics
Latvia national football team
List of rivers of Latvia
References
Other websites
Latvian Government official site
European Union member states
1991 establishments in Europe
Doodhnath Singh

Doodhnath Singh (17 October 1936 - 12 January 2018) was an Indian Hindi language writer, critic, playwright, editor and poet. He was born in Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh. Singh did his masters in Hindi from the University of Allahabad. He served as an assistant professor there till 1994. In 2014, the Government of Uttar Pradesh honoured him with their Bharat Bharti Samman.
Some of Singh's well known works were Sapaat Chehre Wala Aadmi, Aakhri Kalaam, Nishkaasan, Bhai Ka Shok Geet, Dharmakshetra-Kurukshetra and Surang se Lautate Huye. He also authored three collections of poems, Ek Aur Bhi Aadmi Hai, Agli Shatabdi Ke Naam and Yuva Khusboo. He was also a literary critic.
Singh died on 12 January 2018 in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh of prostate cancer at the age of 81.
References
1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in India
Indian academics
Indian playwrights
Indian poets
Indian novelists
Indian critics
People from Uttar Pradesh
Pope Julius III

Pope Julius III (; 10 September 1487 - 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 222nd Pope from February 1550 until his death in 1555.
Early life
Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte was born in Rome in 1487.
Ciocchi del Monte studied law at the University of Perugia and the University of Siena.
Bishop
In 1512, Ciocchi del Monte became Archbishop of Siponto (Manfredonia) in Apulia.
Inm 1520, he was made Bishop of Pavia.
Cardinal
Pope Paul III made Ciocchi del Monte a Cardinal in 1536. He became Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina in 1543.
He participated in the Council of Trent.
Pope
Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte was elected pope on 7 February 1550.
Pope Julius was involved in Italian and European political disputes.
Pope Julius re-opened the Council of Trent.
Related pages
List of popes
References
Bibliography
Bayle, Pierre. "Jules III." Dictionnaire historique et critique. Vol. 15. Paris: Desoer, 1820.
Burkle-Young, Francis A., and Michael Leopoldo Doerrer. The Life of Cardinal Innocenzo del Monte: A Scandal in Scarlet. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1997.
Dall'Orto, Giovanni. "Julius III." Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History from Antiquity to World War II. Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon, eds. London: Routledge, 2001. 234-35.
Kelly, J. N. D. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Other websites
Catholic Hierarchy, Julius III
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte
People from Rome
Italian popes
1487 births
1555 deaths
Werdenberg (Wahlkreis)

Werdenberg is a district in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
It contains the following municipalities:
Buchs
Gams
Grabs
Sennwald
Sevelen
Wartau
Districts of St. Gallen
Richard Stehlík

Richard Stehlik (born June 22, 1984) is a Slovak professional ice hockey defenceman. Stehlik was selected by the Nashville Predators in the 3rd round (76th overall) of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft.
Stehlik previously played for HK 36 Skalica, Sherbrooke Beavers, HK Dukla Trencin, HC Sparta Praha and HC Vitkovice Steel.
References
Other websites
1984 births
Ice hockey defencemen
Lewiston Maineiacs players
Living people
Sherbrooke Castors players
Slovak ice hockey players
Lukas Haas

Lukas Daniel Haas (born April 16, 1976) is an American actor and musician. Haas received an Emmy nomination for his role as Ryan White in the television movie The Ryan White Story.
References
Other websites
1976 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American rock musicians
Musicians from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Myeong-dong

Myeong-dong (, literally means 'bright town') is an area in Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea. It is mostly a commercial area, being one of the main shopping and tourism districts in Seoul.
Actually, Myeong-dong is not an original name and it was not known as a commercial area at first. During the Joseon Dynasty era, it was mostly a residential district called Myeongryebang (). Later on, under the Japanese colonization, the name was changed to Myeongchijeong (). It started to be more like a commercial district during that colonial period. Finally it was changed to the current name, Myeong-dong in 1946, after independence.
Shopping
In Myeong-dong, there are several large department stores and shopping malls such as Lotte (), Shinsegae (), Migliore and Noon square. Also, the main streets are lined with lots of clothing shops, cosmetics stores, and international retailers.
This area has become more and more international. The survey targeted 12,000 tourists departing Korea, and 55.3% answered that their major tourist destination was Myeong-dong, and it is one of the most popular shopping spots. Favorite items are Korean cosmetics such as Missha and Nature Republic, and there are most of Korean cosmetics brand stores on the main street of Myeong-dong. Therefore, it is necessary for those stores to hire bilingual staffs fluent in English, Japanese, or Chinese, and it attracts more and more foreign shoppers.
Transportation
There are two Seoul Subway stations near the district; Station #202, Euljiro 1-ga on Line 2 on the north end of the area, Station #424, Myeong-dong on Line 4 on the south end of the area.
Other websites
Visit Korea; Myeong-dong
Myeongdong, Seoul's no.1 shopping district
Seoul
Muteness

Muteness means not being able to speak. A person that cannot speak is called a mute. A mute keeps the ability to hear the speech of others. If not, the person would be a deaf mute.
Muteness is a type of speech disorder. A person who chooses not to speak is said to be silent rather than mute. Slang for this (British English) is "keeping mum".
Originally, the common word dumb or dumbness used to mean "unable to speak". Unfortunately this was taken over to mean "unwilling to speak" or "unintelligent". So people prefer "muteness". "Dumb" is a much commoner word, and might be used if it would not be misunderstood.
Cause (eteliology)
In general, someone who is mute may be mute for one of several different reasons: genetics, psychological, or trauma.
For children, a lack of speech may be developmental, neurological, psychological, or due to a physical disability or a communication disorder.
Adults who previously had speech and then became unable to speak: this may be due to disease, injury, damage or surgery affecting areas of the brain needed for speech. Loss of speech in adults may occur, but rarely, for psychological reasons. Damage (however caused) to the parts of the brain needed for speech is called aphasia.
Action
Treatment or management of muteness depends on what has caused the absence of speech. A speech assessment may decide cause and treatment. Treatment of absence of speech is possible in a variety of cases. If the absence of speech is a permanent condition, a range of communication devices are available to help communication.
Speech-generating devices help people with speech deficiencies.
Related pages
Deaf-mute
Aphasia
Aphonia
Autism
Deafness
Dysarthria
References
Disability
Hearing
Sign languages
Waltz (music)

Waltz music is written in 3/4 time (three beats per bar). The music is both dance music and art music. The Strauss family were perhaps the most famous of all waltz composers: notably Johann Strauss I, and Johann Strauss II the composer of the famous The Blue Danube.
Waltzes typically have one chord per measure, and the accompaniment style particularly associated with the waltz is (as seen in the example to the right) to play the root of the chord on the first beat, the upper notes on the second and third beats.
The origins of the dance are in late 18th century Germany, probably from a folk dance called the Lander. Today the music is danced in two forms, the Viennese waltz and the English or Slow waltz (now often called the International waltz). The choreography of these modern forms is different from the original dance. There are also a number of ballets which feature waltz music.
References
Waltzes
Refrigerator

A refrigerator is a machine used for keeping things cold. It is sometimes called a fridge or an icebox. It is normally maintained at 4-5 degree Celsius for household use. People put food and drinks in it, to keep those items cold or good (unspoiled) for a longer time. A refrigerator has a heat pump which takes heat away from the air inside the fridge. The heat is moved to the air outside. The heat pump is usually driven by an electric motor.
There are also ice boxes available that do not use electricity because they are filled with ice to provide the colder temperature. The ice can keep things cold until the ice melts. Ice boxes can be taken on camping trips. Sometimes they are called coolers. Refrigerator-sized iceboxes were used before electricity was available.
Most modern refrigerators are available in a variety of colours, although most are white. Smaller versions of the popular refrigerator are also used. They are mainly used in hotels and college dorm rooms.
Freezer
A freezer is a special type of refrigerator that stores food at freezing temperatures. Inside a freezer, it is normally . Freezers can be found in household refrigerators, as well as in industry and commerce. When stored in a freezer, frozen food can be stored safely for a longer time than storing at room temperatures.
Domestic freezers can be a separate compartment in a refrigerator, or can be a separate appliance. Household refrigerators usually have a separate compartment where the heat pump is used to pump even colder temperatures to the contents. Most household freezers maintain temperatures from . Some freezer-only units can achieve and lower. Most household refrigerators generally do not achieve a temperature lower than , because it is difficult to control the temperature for two different compartments. This is because both compartments shares the same coolant loop.
Domestic freezers normally stand upright, resembling refrigerators. Sometimes a domestic freezer is laid on its back to look like a chest. Many modern upright freezers come with an ice dispenser built into their door. Many commercial freezers stand upright and have glass doors so shoppers can see the contents.
References
Other websites
Home appliances
Machines
HVAC
Lothal

Lothal, is one of the places where the Indus Valley civilization was seen. Archeological evidence from Lothal tells us that it was an industrial area. Metals, semi-precious stones, statues and beads were found. Several weapons, ornaments, seals and workshops were also found. A dockyard was also found which may have been used to ship goods to other civilizations like Mesopotamia.
Archaeological sites in Asia
Ports and harbours
Cities in India
Settlements in Gujarat
24th century BC