pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Car design

Car design is the process of determining how cars and other motor vehicles like trucks look and feel. Most cars are designed by a large group of people that usually includes artists and engineers.
Design process
Typically, cars are designed based on many sketches and drawings, along with computer-aided design models. When the design team is satisfied with the basic shape of the car, a life-size model is sculpted from clay. Details are added to the clay model, and its shape may be changed by a small amount.
Then, the interior design team designs the car's interior, making sure that it fits the needs of the customer. These needs include things like comfort and entertainment systems. High-end cars like luxury cars and supercars have fancy interiors and are designed for an enjoyable driving experience, while utility vehicles like vans have plain, rugged interiors designed to endure various types of cargo.
Other parts of the car, such as the chassis and engine, are designed primarily by engineers, as it is less important for these parts to look attractive than it is for them to work properly.
History
While most early cars were designed around usability rather than looks, that began to change when American businessman Alfred P. Sloan came up with the idea of changing a car's styling every year. This was done from the 1920s onward to keep cars looking "new" for each year they were sold, leaving customers unhappy with older models of the same car and increasing car sales in the United States. Sloan got this idea from bicycle companies.
After World War I, car companies in European countries focused on luxury, and companies called coachbuilders made bodies for luxury cars. Some of these bodies were customized for especially rich customers.
After World War II, the American economy grew and most American citizens were now able to afford cars. Because cars became more important in the United States, so did their styling, with the most famous American car designer being Harley Earl. The influence of car design would also grow massively in Europe, especially within France, Italy, and Germany.
References
Vehicles
Design
I Will Survive

"I Will Survive" is a hit song first performed by American singer Gloria Gaynor. It was released in October 1978. It was written by Freddie Perren and Dino Fekaris. It became a top-selling song after its release as it sold 14 million copies worldwide.
It reaches number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and on the UK Singles Chart on many weeks in a row. The song is also seen as a symbol of female strength and as a gay anthem.
In 2016, the Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Recording Registry.
References
1978 songs
Diana Ross songs
Gloria Gaynor songs
Cake (band) songs
Billie Jo Spears songs
LGBT songs
Celia Cruz songs
Aretha Franklin songs
Demi Lovato songs
Human rights in Palestine

Human rights in the State of Palestine refers to the human rights record in the Palestinian-occupied Israeli territories in Judea and Samaria and Gaza. Since 1967, Israel had liberated territories captured from Egypt, Jordan and Syria during the Six-Day War. Residents of the Golan Heights are entitled to citizenship, voting rights and residency that allows them to travel within Israel's borders. Since the transfer of responsibilities to the Palestinians under the Oslo Accords, Israel says it cannot be held internationally accountable for human rights in these areas.
Status of homosexuality
Gay Palestinians are often arrested and tortured. According to Shaul Ganon of the Israeli-based gay rights group, Aguda, "The PA's usual excuse for persecuting gays is to label them collaborators--though I know of two cases in the last three years where people were tried explicitly for being homosexuals...It's now [since the intifada, when police increasingly began enforcing Islamic law] impossible to be an open gay in the P.A."
References
Palestine
Politics of Palestine
High intensity training

High Intensity Training (HIT) is a form of strength training popularized in the 1970s by Arthur Jones. HIT focuses on performing quality weight training repetitions to the point of momentary muscular failure. The training takes into account the number of repetitions, the amount of weight, and the amount of time the muscle is exposed to muscle tension in order to maximize the amount of muscle fiber recruitment.
References
Other websites
Arthur Jones's Nautilus Bulletin #1
Arthur Jones's Nautilus Bulletin #2
What is High Intensity Training?
Training
Fitness
Maronite Church

Maronites (, transliterated: Mawarinah, , ) are members of one of the Syriac Eastern Catholic Churches, with a heritage reaching back to Maron in the early 5th century. The first Maronite patriarch, John Maron, was appointed in the late 7th century. Although reduced in numbers and estimated to have lost their status as a majority in Lebanon itself. Today, Maronites remain one of the principal religious groups in the country.
Before the conquest by Arabian Muslims reached Lebanon, which resulted in the Arabization of both those who would become Islamized and those that would remain non-Islamized, the Lebanese people, including Maronites, spoke a dialect of Aramaic, but have been Arabic-speaking since at least the 15th century. Syriac however, still remains the liturgical language of the Maronite Church.
References
Eastern Catholicism
Organizations based in Lebanon
Religion in Lebanon
Kang Gyeong-ae

Kang Kyong-ae (20 April 1906 - 26 April 1944) (, Jiang Jing Ai ) was a Korean novelist, poet and feminist. She was a labor activist and a writer for the political resistance movement.
Works
The Broken Geomungo (Pageum)
Vegetable Garden (Chaejeon)
Football Game (Chukgu jeon)
Mother and Child (Moja)
Mothers and Daughters (Eomeoni wa ttal)
The Human Problem (Ingan munje)
Salt (Sogom 1934)
References
eogabbadneun haceungyeoseongeul daebyeonhaneun sigminjisigi coegoyi soseolga - ganggyeongae
[iyeongayi yeoron Nu Lun ] ganggyeongaega gyeongseong mundaneul ddeonan iyu jungangilbo 2012.06.04
[hangugyi yeoseongundonggadeul 5] ganggyeongae
"3weol munhwainmul soseolga ganggyeongaeneun gimjwajinjanggun amsalgyosabeom donggeonyeo" joseonilbo 2005.01.17
ganggyeongae(1907-1943) yeoseongmunjereul inganmunjero paaghan munhagin
1906 births
1944 deaths
Korean feminists
Korean novelists
Korean writers
Autobiographers
Lone Grove, Oklahoma

Lone Grove is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.
Cities in Oklahoma
Digital 3D

Digital 3D is a non-specific 3D standard in which movies, television shows, and video games are presented and shot in digital 3D technology or later processed in digital post-production to add a 3D effect.
One of the first studios to use digital 3D was Walt Disney Pictures. The 2008 animated feature Bolt was the first movie which was animated and rendered for digital 3D.
References
Movie terminology
Pickleball

Pickleball is an American sport created in 1965. It was originally a backyard game for kids in Washington State, USA. It is similar to tennis, table tennis, and paddleball.
Players use solid paddles to hit a perforated and hollow ball. The equipment limits how hard and far they can hit it.
Here are the basic rules:
The ball must be served underhanded and to the opponent's opposite service court to the one you are serving from. The ball must not bounce on your side.
Only the serving side scores. You must alternate sides when serving. The server serves until the serving side faults. You must hit at least one ground-stroke before approaching the net to volley.
The first side to 11 points, with at least a two-point lead, wins.
Sports
Lalaye

Lalaye is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Rudolf Slánský

Rudolf Slansky (31 July 1901 - 3 December 1952) was a Czechoslovak Communist politician. He was a longtime member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Later he was the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee (1945-1951). Slansky was one of the main organizers of the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'etat. During World War II he was a member of Czechoslovak exile resistance in the foreign centre in Moscow. Slansky was executed on December 3, 1952 at Prague's Pankrac Prison.
Early years
Slansky was born on July 31, 1901 in Nezvestice near Pilsen, Bohemia. His father was a Jewish merchant. He studied at a public academy in Plzen. Slansky joined the Czechoslovak Communist Party in 1921, three years after it was formed. In 1924 he was the editor of the Communist Party newspaper, Rude Pravo. He rose in the ranks of the Party becoming a member of the Central Committee. He was in hiding from 1929 to 1935 because the Party was illegal in Czechoslovakia at the time. He became a member of the National Assembly and a close associate of Klement Gottwald.
World War II
When the Munich Agreement was signed in 1938, Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland was taken over by Nazi Germany. When the German army marched into the Sudetenland on October 1, 1938, Slansky fled. He went to the Soviet Union and stayed there during most of World War II. He returned to Czechoslovakia in 1944 and took part in the Slovak National Uprising.
Postwar
After the war, he was involved in politics. The Communist Party in Czechoslovakia agreed to accept many of Joseph Stalin's trained Czechs. Slansky was made the Secretary-General of the Party in Czechoslovakia. By 1948, it was clear that Gottwald was following the Stalinist style of politics.
Arrest and trial
Slansky himself had been in charge of purges of several of his associates. When Gottwald thought he might be next, he had Slansky and 13 others arrested. The charges against Slansky included treason, spying and sabotage. Slansky finally confessed after being tortured. Then he had to memorize a speech for the show trial. All of the 14 had confessed. Slansky was one of the 11 who was given a death sentence. Twice Slansky attempted suicide while he was waiting for his execution. Finally, on December 3, 1952, he was hanged at Pankrac Prison.
After Stalin died in 1953, there were fewer purges. In April 1963, Slansky and his fellow victims were cleared of the charges against them. In May, 1968, Slansky and the others were formally exonerated.
References
1901 births
1952 deaths
Czechoslovak communist politicians
Czech Jews
Jewish politicians
People executed by hanging
Saint-Loup-du-Gast

Saint-Loup-du-Gast is a commune of 305 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
Éguilles

Eguilles is a commune of 7,544 people (2007). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Communes in Bouches-du-Rhone
COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to Hungary on 4 March 2020, when the first cases in the country were announced.
Cases
The first coronavirus-related death was announced on 15 March on the government's official website.
On 18 March, the government announced that the virus had spread to every part of the country.
Response
At the beginning of the pandemic, Hungarians living in China who wanted to move back to Europe were transported home through France. The affected seven persons were under quarantine for two weeks. As they remained healthy during the next two weeks, they were released on 16 February.
The Government of Hungary launched its official webpage and official Facebook page about the new coronavirus, both on 4 March 2020.
On 11 March, the Hungarian government declared a state of emergency.
References
21st century in Hungary
Hungary
Egyptian plover

The Egyptian plover is a wader. It is the only member of the genus Pluvianus.
It is sometimes called the crocodile bird. This is because of a story dating to Herodotus. In the story the crocodiles lie on the shore with their mouths open. The plovers fly into the crocodiles' mouths to feed on bits of meat between the crocodiles' teeth. There is no evidence of this actually happening.
The Egyptian plover lives in tropical sub-Saharan Africa. It breeds on sandbars in large rivers. Its two or three eggs are buried in warm sand. It feeds by pecking for insects. The call is a high-pitched krrr-krrr-krrr.
References
Other websites
Egyptian plover at encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com
Charadriiformes
Birds of Africa
Orsières

Orsieres is a municipality of the district of Entremont in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Villages
Branche, Chamoille, Champex-Lac, Chez-les-Addy-Maligue, Chez-les-Giroud, Chez-les-Reuses, Commeire, Issert, La Douay, La Fouly, La Rosiere, Le Biolley, Les Archales, Orsieres, Prassurny, Prayon, Praz-de-Fort, Reppaz, Somplaroz, Soulalex and Verlonnaz.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Valais
List of National Football League annual pass completion percentage leaders

This is a list of National Football League quarterbacks. They have led the regular season in pass completion percentage each year.
Completion percentage leaders
See also
List of National Football League annual passing touchdowns leaders
List of National Football League annual passing yards leaders
List of National Football League annual passer rating leaders
References
Pass completion percentage leaders
National Football League lists
Combo XLR/P10

The Combo XLR/TRS socket or Neutrik NCJ6FI-S, is a type of female socket connector capable of supporting two types of jack connectors: the XLR connector, known as the "Canon Plug", used to connect microphones and mixers, and the TRS plug for stereo (TRS:Tip-ring-sleeve) or TS plug for mono (TS:Tip-Sleeve), also known as: Banana Plug, or P10 plug, which are used in musical instruments like guitars, keyboards, bass, etc...
History
At the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, the Tyrolean acoustics engineer Bernhard Weingartner noticed that the sound tended to decrease. The reason for this was that the DIN audio connectors used by Austrian television failed under the influence of bad weather. . Weingartner began in 1974, initially on his own, with the development of an inexpensive but high-quality version of the XLR connector. Over the following years, the Neutrik company became the world leader in the XLR audio connector market. Neutrik connectors have been standardized to the stage and studio standard as standard IEC 61076-2-103.
Characteristics
Because amplifier and mixer equipment often requires inputs for both TRS phone jacks and XLR connectors, Neutrik and Amphenol offer several combo connector models that accept both XLR jacks like TS or TRS phone jacks.
Awards
NEUTRIK won the 2011 EMEA+ InAVation Award in the category "Most Innovative Commercial AV Accessory 2011". The award was presented at Integrated Systems Europe 2011 in Amsterdam.
References
Other websites
Official website
Technology
Z'EV

Z'EV (born Stefan Joel Weisser, February 8, 1951 - December 16, 2017) was an American poet, percussionist, and sound artist. He was known for creating his own percussion sounds out of industrial materials for many of record labels. He was called a pioneer of industrial music.
Z'EV was critically injured in the Cimarron train derailment which took place near Dodge City, Kansas on March 14, 2016. Since the accident he suffered from many health problems and died on December 16, 2017 of sepsis at the age of 66.
References
1951 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from sepsis
American poets
Musicians from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Swardspeak

Swardspeak (or Chuva) is a secret language that came from the mixed language with the names Taglish and Englog. It is used by gay people in the Philippines.
Swardspeak uses word from Tagalog, English, Spanish, Cebuano, Japanese, Sanskrit, and other languages. Names of Celebrities and trademark brands are also used.
Gay people use Swardpeak to make themselves feel special. The language changes a lot. People who use the language are called Bekimons. This word is from the words bakla (gay) and Jejemon.
The word "Swardspeak" came from the 1970's book called "Swardspeak: A Preliminary Study". "Sward" is slang for "gay male" in the Philippines.
Rules
Swardspeak is a form of slang. It changes a lot and the meaning of words are hard to know. The rules are explained below.
The first sound changes to the letter "J" or "Sh" or to the sounds "Jo-", "Sho-", "Ju-", "Shu-", "Ky-", or "Ny-".
The last sound changes to "-ash", "-is", "-iz", "-ish", "-itch", "-ech", "-ush", or "-oosh" as a suffix.
Changing "a", "o", or "u" sounds with "or", "er", or "ur", especially with "l".
Changing places of letters in a word. Used mostly in Cebuano swardspeak.
Puns, code-switching, onomatopoeic Anglicization of words.
Words from popular culture, mostly celebrities or TV shows. Based the things they were famous for, because parts of the words rhyme, or both.
From other languages like Japanese.
Examples
Tagalog nursery rhyme "Ako ay may lobo" (I Have a Balloon) into Swardspeak.
Tagalog nursery rhyme "Bahay Kubo" (Nipa Hut) into Swardspeak.
References
Books
Visayan Swardspeak: The language of a gay community in the Philippines" - Crossroads, 1990
"'Performing' the Filipino Gay Experiences in America: Linguistic Strategies in a Transnational Context." Beyond the Lavender Lexicon: Authenticity, Imagination and Appropriation in Lesbian and Gay Language. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1997. 249-266
"Global Divas: Filipino Gay Men in the Diaspora", Duke University Press Books, November 19, 2003.
Austronesian languages
Dialects of English
LGBT
Languages of the Philippines
Romance languages
Whig Party (United States)

The Whig Party was a conservative political party of the United States. It was famous during the years of Jacksonian democracy. It is thought to be important to the Second Party System. Operating from 1833 to 1856, party was formed opposing the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. The Whigs supported the importance of Congress over the importance of the executive branch. They favored a program of modernization. Their name was chosen to tell people about the American Whigs of 1776, who fought for independence. "Whig" was then a widely recognized label of choice for people who saw themselves as opposing autocratic rule. The Whig Party had national leaders as Daniel Webster, William Henry Harrison, Henry Clay of Kentucky. The Whig Party also had four war heroes among them, such as Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. Abraham Lincoln was a Whig leader in frontier Illinois.
In its over two decades of existence, the Whig Party saw two of its candidates, Harrison and Taylor, elected president. Both died in office. John Tyler became president after Harrison's death, but was thrown out from the party. Millard Fillmore, who became president after Taylor's death, was the last Whig to hold the nation's highest office.
The party was ultimately destroyed by the question of whether to allow the expansion of slavery to the territories. The anti-slavery faction successfully prevented the nomination of its own incumbent President Fillmore in the 1852 presidential election. Instead, the party nominated General Winfield Scott, who was defeated. Its leaders quit politics (as Lincoln did temporarily) or changed parties. The voter base defected to the Republican Party, various coalition parties in some states, and to the Democratic Party. By the 1856 presidential election, the party had lost its ability to maintain a national coalition of effective state parties and endorsed Millard Fillmore, now of the American Party, at its last national convention.
References
Political parties in the United States
1850s disestablishments in the United States
1833 establishments in the United States
1856 disestablishments
Conservative parties
Monte Duida tree frog

The Monte Duida tree frog (Tepuihyla aecii) is a frog. It lives in Venezuela. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Cerro Duida. It is a large, table-shaped mountain. It is made of sandstone.
First paper
References
Frogs of South America
Naganuma, Hokkaido

is a town that is in Sorachi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.
Other websites
Official Website
Towns in Japan
Settlements in Hokkaido Prefecture
Poltava

Poltava () is a city in Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Poltava Oblast. In 2020, 286,649 people lived there.
Other websites
Cities in Ukraine
Poltava Oblast
Santa Cruz River

The Santa Cruz River is a river in southern Arizona, United States, and northern Sonora, Mexico. The Santa Cruz has its headwaters in the high intermontane grasslands of the San Rafael Valley to the east of Patagonia between the Canelo Hills to the east and the Patagonia Mountains to the west. It flows southward into Mexico and turns westward, and reenters the United States just to the east of Nogales. It then continues northward from the International border at Nogales past the Tumacacori National Historical Park, Tubac, Green Valley, Sahuarita, San Xavier del Bac, and Tucson to the Santa Cruz Flats just to the south of Casa Grande and the Gila River.
Other websites
Santa Cruz River Project
San Rafael Ranch Natural Area and state park
Rivers of Mexico
Rivers of Arizona
Sonora
Kamil Piatkowski

Kamil Piatkowski (born 21 June 2000) is a professional footballer from Poland. He plays for Austrian Bundesliga club FC Red Bull Salzburg and the Poland national team as center back.
Club career
Piatkowski started in the youth teams of Karpaty Krosno and Zaglebie Lubin. In the 2019-20 season he went on to Rakow Czestochowa. He debuted in August 2019 in the first league versus Lechia Gdansk. He came in in min. 86 for Sebastian Musiolik. 2021 he went on to FC Red Bull Salzburg where he signed till June 2026. In Januyry 2023 he was loaned to KAA Gent . For the 2023-24 season he came back to Salzburg.
International career
Piatkowski made his debut for Poland on 28 March 2021 in a World Cup qualifier against Andorra.
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
Polish Cup: 2021
Ekstraklasa Young Player of the Season: 2021
Ekstraklasa Young Player of the Month: March 2021, April 2021
Austrian Champion: 2022
Austrian Cup: 2022
References
2000 births
Living people
Polish footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Association football defenders
Concours Advance

In France, the concours Advance is a test to access to four main engineering college:
Ecole pour l'informatique et les techniques avancees for computer science and software engineering ;
Ecole speciale de mecanique et electricite for energy ;
Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancees for aeronautical and aerospace engineering.
Sup'Biotech for biotechnology.
The test has been created in 2011 by IONIS Education Group.
References
Further reading
Official website
Engineering schools
Colleges and universities in France
2011 establishments in France
Hominidae

The hominids are members of the biological family Hominidae (the great apes). This family includes humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. "Great ape" is a common name rather than a taxonomic label, and people use it in different ways. Sometimes people mean to include humans in the category of "great apes," and sometimes they mean non-human apes. Homo sapiens is definitely a hominid, as judged by all modern reference works.
Hominids range in weight from 48 kg to 270 kg. Males are larger than females. Hominids are primates with no tails, strong bodies, and well-developed forearms. Their thumbs (and big toes, except in humans) oppose the fingers, and form a grip. All digits have flattened nails.
At present, the family Hominidae includes four genera and eight species. However, if fossil hominids were included, all of the Australopithecines and the genus Homo would be members of the Hominidae family. Today, nonhuman great apes live only in the rainforests of equatorial Africa, Sumatra and Borneo.
The first hominid fossils are from the Miocene period. Archaeologists found these in Asia and Europe. Also in Asia, they found fossils of a huge version of the orangutan called Gigantopithecus, which is now extinct. Fossils also show that Neanderthals were in Europe and western Asia for at least half a million years before modern humans appeared.
Classification
Scholars do not agree on exactly how to classify the family Hominidae.
Past versions
In the past, the family Hominidae have been classified this way:
Family Hominidae: Great apes
Subfamily Ponginae
Genus Pongo orangutans
Subfamily Homininae
Genus Gorilla - gorillas
Genus Pan - chimpanzees
Australopithecus+ and other extinct relatives
Genus Homo - humans
Modern version
A more recent classification shows humans and the Australopithecines as distinct from the rainforest apes. Two major reference works have supported this approach.
Superfamily Hominoidea
Family Hylobatidae
Genus Hylobates
Family Hominidae
Subfamily Ponginae
Genus Pongo
Subfamily Gorillinae
Genus Gorilla
Subfamily Homininae
Tribe Panini
Genus Pan
Tribe Hominini
Subtribe Australopithecina/Hominina
Genus Ardipithecus
Genus Australopithecus
Genus Kenyanthropus
Genus Sahelanthropus
Genus Orrorin
Genus Paranthropus
Genus Homo
Related pages
Human timeline
Human evolution
References
Hominids
Annam tree frog

The Annam tree frog, South China tree toad or Hainan tree toad (Hyla simplex) is a frog from China, Vietnam and Laos. Scientists saw it between 50 and 1500 meters above sea level.
Scientists say this frog is related to the common tree frog.
References
Frogs of Asia
Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 is one of the vital chemical compounds which are got from foodstuffs. It is a group of chemically similar compounds which can be converted from one to another in the body. The vitamin B6 group are essential to over 100 enzymes. The enzymes are mostly involved in protein metabolism.
Vitamin B6 is part of the vitamin B group. Its active form serves as a coenzyme in some 100 enzyme reactions in amino acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism.
The active form of B6 helps to increase or decrease the expression of certain genes.
References
B vitamins
Voortrekker Monument

The Voortrekker Monument is a monument in Pretoria in South Africa. It is a massive granite structure on a hilltop. It was built to commemorate the Voortrekkers who left the Cape Colony between 1835 and 1854.
Most of the Voortrekkers were not satisfied with the British government that ruled over them in the Cape in those years, that is why they packed their ox wagons and started to trek to greener valleys to the north of current South Africa.
The Voortrekker Monument is an important structure to the white Afrikaner bloodline (children), because it shows many pictures, reliefs and statutes inside the building of what happened in the history of those years.
Monuments and memorials
Buildings and structures in South Africa
Pretoria
Thru the Mirror

Thru the Mirror is a Mickey Mouse cartoon short movie produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was released by United Artists in 1936. In this cartoon short, Mickey has a Through the Looking-Glass-type dream that he travels through his mirror and enters a topsy-turvy world where everything is alive. While there, he engages in a Fred Astaire dance number with a pair of gloves and a pack of cards, until the cards chase him out of the bizarre world. It was the 83rd Mickey Mouse short film to be released, the fourth of that year.
References
Other websites
Disney animated movies
Marcheline Bertrand

Marcia Lynne "Marcheline" Bertrand (May 9, 1950 - January 27, 2007) was an American actress and producer. She also co-founded the All Tribes Foundation, to culturally and economically benefit Native Americans, and the Give Love Give Life organization, to raise public awareness of women's cancers. She was the mother of Angelina Jolie.
Early life
She was born at St. Francis Hospital in Blue Island, Illinois. Bertrand was brought up in the nearby small town of Riverdale. Her parents were Lois June (nee Gouwens; 1928-1973) and Rolland F. Bertrand (1923-1985). She had two younger siblings: a sister, Debbie, and a brother, Raleigh. Her father was of French Canadian ancestry, while her mother was of Dutch and German ancestry. She also claimed to be of Iroquois ancestry, although her only known Native American ancestor was a Huron woman born in 1649. According to her daughter, actress Angelina Jolie, Bertrand was often wrongly identified as a French actress, with Jolie saying, "My mom is as far from French Parisian as you can get. She grew up in a bowling alley that my grandparents owned." In 1965, Bertrand's family moved from the Chicago area to Beverly Hills, California. She attended Beverly Hills High School from second year through graduation.
Marriage and family
She was married to Jon Voight from 1971 until they divorced in 1980. She was partners with Bill Day from 1978 until they separated in 1989. Then she was partners with John Trudell until her death in 2007. She had two children; Angelina Jolie and James Haven with Voight. Bertrand died on January 27, 2007 from Ovarian cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 56.
References
Other websites
Marcheline Bertrand memorial page
Marcheline Bertrand's will
Official site of Give Love Give Life
1950 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from ovarian cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
American activists
Movie producers from Illinois
Actors from Illinois
DJ Quik

David Marvin Blake (born January 18, 1970), better known by his stage names DJ Quik or Da Quiksta, is an American rapper and record producer. Blake was born in Compton, California.
Early life
Blake was born on January 18, 1970 in Compton, California. He was mainly inspired by funk and soul artists, such as Roger Troutman (who even taught him to use the talkbox, which became a trademark for Quik's sound throughout his career) and George Clinton. Out of respect for his beloved friend, Roger Troutman, he retired the talkbox. David's love for music began at age 2, as his mother had an extensive record collection. By age 12 he was already playing instruments. By the age of 21, he was a platinum-selling artist.
He began selling homemade mixtapes (notably The Red Tape, 1987) after he received a turntable for his 9th grade graduation. He then began doing shows DJing around Southern California, many of which ended in rival gang related altercations. He was a member of the Tree Top Pirus Bloods. In the 11th grade, Quik dropped out of high school. For a period of about three years he was homeless after his mother lost her home, due to foreclosure. He would later say that after his success in the rap world many of his family members "popped up".
Discography
Studio albums
Quik Is the Name (1991)
Way 2 Fonky (1992)
Safe + Sound (1995)
Rhythm-al-ism (1998)
Balance & Options (2000)
Under tha Influence (2002)
Trauma (2005)
The Book of David (2011)
Live albums
Greatest Hits: Live at the House of Blues (2006)
Collaboration albums
Blaqkout (2009) - with Kurupt
Filmography
Awards and nominations
American Music Awards
|-
|1992
|Himself
|Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist
|
|-
Awards
|-
|2012
|Himself
|Biggest Celebrity DJ
|
|-
References
Singers from California
Rappers from California
1970 births
Living people
20th-century American rappers
American record producers
American DJs
People from Compton, California
Rappers from Los Angeles
Regular army

Most countries have armed forces, which are usually called regular army. Very often, the constitution of a country talks about this army. This is different from rebel groups or militia, who may also train forces. The regular army is a official army of a official country. They are temporary army's. Still, the person in charge of the army is the president or King or the head of the government. Very often, a regular army has two parts:
Most of the army, are people under arms, even in peace time.
Part of the army are people who can be called to arms, on request (for example, in case of a conflict)
Military terminology
Shadow (1971 movie)

Shadow () is a 1971 Soviet comedy movie directed by Nadezhda Kosheverova. It stars Oleg Dal, Konstantin Adashevsky, and Vladimir Etush.
Actors
Oleg Dal as Scientist / His Shadow
Konstantin Adashevsky as Butler
Vladimir Etush as Piestro, Annuanciata's father, hotel keeper, man eater
Sergey Filippov as Prime minister
Zinoviy Gerdt as Finance minister
Lyudmila Gurchenko as Yulia Juli
References
Other websites
1971 comedy movies
Soviet comedy movies
Movies directed by Nadezhda Kosheverova
Lucius Junius Brutus

Lucius Junius Brutus was the founder of the Roman Republic, and one of the first consuls in 509 BC. He was the nephew of the King of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. Brutus had been summoned by the noblewoman Lucretia after she had been raped by the King's son. She believed that the rape defiled her, and she committed suicide by stabbing herself with a knife. It is said that Brutus held the knife, shouting for the overthrow of the Monarchy.
Revolt
Brutus led a revolt, which resulted in the overthrow of the Monarchy. Brutus then made an oath, that never again will there be a King of Rome. He was elected as the first Consul, along with Lucretia's husband, Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus. Soon the Royal Family tried to regain the throne, with two of the conspirators being Brutus' two sons. The conspirators were all executed, including his two sons. Collatinus was also removed, with a number of reasons suggested by scholars.
Death
Tarquinius tried to retake the throne again, and led an army to war. In the Battle of Silvia Arsia, as it was called, both Tarquinius and Brutus stabbed each other, causing their deaths.
Roman people
6th-century BC deaths
7th-century BC births
Step Back in Time

"Step Back in Time" is a 1990 song by Australian singer Kylie Minogue and is the leading single from her third studio album Rhythm of Love. It went to number 4 in Finland, Ireland and the United Kingdom, number 5 in Australia, number 6 in Spain and number 21 in New Zealand.
Formats and track listings
CD single
"Step Back in Time" (Edit) - 3:05
"Step Back in Time" (Walkin' Rhythm Mix) - 8:05
"Step Back in Time" (Instrumental) - 3:30
12-inch vinyl
"Step Back in Time" (Edit) - 3:05
"Step Back in Time" (Walkin' Rhythm Mix) - 8:05
"Step Back in Time" (Instrumental) - 3:30
UK 12-inch vinyl
"Step Back in Time" (Walkin' Rhythm Mix) - 8:05
"Step Back in Time" (Instrumental) - 3:30
Cassette single
"Step Back in Time" (Edit) - 3:05
"Step Back in Time" (Walkin' Rhythm Mix) - 8:05
"Step Back in Time" (Instrumental) - 3:30
French mini CD
"Step Back in Time" (Edit) - 3:05
"Step Back in Time" (Instrumental) - 3:30
Digital EP
"Step Back in Time" - 3:05
"Step Back in Time" (Walkin' Rhythm Mix) - 7:58
"Step Back in Time" (Harding/Curnow Remix) - 6:45
"Step Back in Time" (Tony King Remix) - 7:28
"Step Back in Time" (Original 12-inch Mix) - 8:07
"Step Back in Time" (7-inch Instrumental) - 3:29
"Step Back in Time" (Extended Instrumental) - 4:58
"Step Back in Time" (Backing Track) - 3:04
"Secrets" (Instrumental) - 4:05
"Secrets" (Backing Track) - 4:05
References
1990 songs
Kylie Minogue songs
Territorial collectivity

A Territorial collectivity ( or sometimes called collectivite locale) in the France, is a name for all dependent areas. They have an elected local government and (per article #72 of the French constitution) a "certain freedom of administration". In 2018 Corsica became the first collectivite territoriale in metropolitan France followed in 2021 by the European Collectivity of Alsace.
Subdivisions of France
Leibstadt

Leibstadt is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Udo Schaefer

Udo Schaefer (October 19, 1926 - August 30, 2019) was a German lawyer and a Baha'i writer. He was born in Heidelberg, Germany. He was known for his writing Baha'i Ethics in Light of Scripture and Beyond the Clash of Religions: The Emergence of a New Paradigm.
Schaefer died on August 30, 2019 at the age of 92.
Works
References
Other websites
English Books
English articles
1926 births
2019 deaths
Writers from Baden-Wurttemberg
Baha'is
German lawyers
Famechon, Pas-de-Calais

Famechon, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Yousaf Raza Gillani

Syed Makhdoom Yousaf Raza Gillani (, born June 9, 1952 in Karachi) was the 16th Prime Minister of Pakistan. He was a former Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan (1993-1997) and former Federal Minister (1985-1986).
He was nominated by Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), with the support of coalition partners, Pakistan Muslim League (N), Awami National Party, Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) and Muttahida Qaumi Movement on 22 March 2008. He took the oath of office from President Pervez Musharraf on 25 March 2008. Gilani is the first elected Prime Minister of Pakistan from the Seraiki-speaking belt, a much-neglected area politically.
Gilani is also the present vice chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party.
On 26 April 2012 Gillani was discharged from the prime ministership due to white-collar crime charges. On 19 June 2012, the supreme court of Pakistan finally ousted Gillani from the premiership due to charges of corruption. He was replaced by Raja Pervez Ashraf because the first candidate Makhdoom Shahabuddin was arrested on alleged drug trafficking, in collaboration with Gillani's son. The hearing of cases against Gillani are going on at this time.
References
1952 births
Living people
Pakistani criminals
Pakistani Muslims
Prime Ministers of Pakistan
Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan
Politicians from Karachi
Perfume Genius

Perfume Genius is the stage name for Mike Hadreas. Hadreas released his first album Learning in 2010. Pitchfork gave it a score of 8.2 out of 10. In 2012 he released his second album, Put Your Back N 2 It.
Personal life
Hadreas is gay. He lives in Seattle.
References
American LGBT people
Living people
SEAT León

The SEAT Leon is a 5-door hatchback car built by SEAT in four generations since 1999.
First generation (1999)
The first generation was launched in 1999
Second generation (2005)
The second generation was launched in 2005, In 2009 it was improved on the outside and inside
Third generation (2012)
The third generation was launched in 2012, In 2017 it was improved on the outside and inside
Fourth generation (2020)
The fourth generation was launched in 2020
References
Leon
Leon
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
2020s automobiles
Louiza Patikas

Louiza Patikas (born 1976 or 1977) is a British actress, known for her roles as Helen Titchener in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers and Moira Pollock on the ITV soap opera Coronation Street from 2017 to 2021.
Other websites
1970s births
Living people
British radio actors
British television actors
British journalists
Actors from Surrey
Seattle Mariners

The Seattle Mariners are an American Major League Baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. The Mariners are part of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Since July 1999, their home stadium has been T-Mobile Park (originally Safeco Field). Until they moved in June 1999, the club's home park was the Kingdome.
Seattle had minor league baseball teams from the early 1900s to the late 1960s, with nicknames such as the "Indians" and the "Rainiers".
The first major league baseball franchise in Seattle was the Seattle Pilots, formed in 1969. The Pilots moved to Milwaukee the next year and became the Milwaukee Brewers. As a result, the city of Seattle, King County, and the state of Washington sued the American League for $32 million dollars in damages. In exchange for dropping the law suit, the American League gave Seattle a Major League Baseball team in 1977.
Seattle is a large and important seaport, a fact which led to the major league teams being called the "Pilots" and the "Mariners".
The Mariner's first winning season was in 1991, and the first time they made the playoffs was in 1995. The Mariners are owned by Nintendo of America, and the general manager of the team is Jack Zduriencik.
References
Other websites
Seattle Mariners official website
Seattle Mariners team statistics
1977 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Washington (state)
Potter County, Texas

Potter County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 118,525 people lived there. The county seat is Amarillo.
References
Texas counties
Manuel Ferrara

Manuel Jeannin (; born 1 November 1975), known professionally as Manuel Ferrara, is a French-American pornographic actor and director. He was born in Le Raincy, France. He is one of the best known pornographic actors. Ferrara has won over 64 adult industry awards. His career began in 1997.
Ferrara became close with pornographic actor Rocco Siffredi, who helped him get a role in his first American porno Fashionistas. He later appeared in Snoop Dogg's Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp.
In 2012, he began a relationship with pornographic actress Kayden Kross. They have one daughter. He was married to actress Dana Vespoli from 2005 and they divorced in 2012. They had three children.
References
1975 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American pornographic actors
French movie actors
AVN Award winners
Frederick L. Van Sickle

Frederick Leforest Van Sickle (January 31, 1943 - September 2, 2021) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington from 1991 until his death. He was nominated to the court by President George H. W. Bush. He was chief judge from 2000 until 2005. Van Sickle was born in Superior, Wisconsin.
Van Sickle died on September 2, 2021 in Spokane, Washington at the age of 78.
References
1943 births
2021 deaths
American judges
Lawyers from Washington (state)
Politicians from Wisconsin
Politicians from Spokane, Washington
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Wisconsin
People from Superior, Wisconsin
Haldimand County

Haldimand County is a single-tier municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is on the nothern shore of Lake Erie, on the Niagara Peninsula.
The county was created in 1800 from part of Norfolk County. In 1974, Haldimand was merged with Norfolk County to form the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk. In 2001, they were separated into two counties again.
The main towns in Haldimand County are:
Jarvis
Hagersville
Caledonia
Cayuga
Dunnville
There are also several smaller communities across the county. Two of the major highways through the area are Ontario Highway 3 and Ontario Highway 6. Rock Point Provincial Park is in the county.
The county's population according to the 2011 census is 44,876. The county is part of the federal riding of Haldimand--Norfolk and the provincial riding of Haldimand--Norfolk.
Counties of Ontario
Elson Floyd

Elson S. Floyd (February 29, 1956 - June 20, 2015) was an American educator. He served as the 10th president of the four-campus Washington State University from May 21, 2007 to June 20, 2015. Floyd has also served as president of the University of Missouri System and president of Western Michigan University. Floyd was the Chairman of the Pac-12 CEO Group.
Floyd died in Pullman, Washington from colon cancer, aged 59.
References
1956 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Educators from North Carolina
Buffalo Center, Iowa

Buffalo Center is a city in Iowa in the United States.
References
Cities in Iowa
Mount Cook

Mount Cook also known in the local Maori language as Aoraki or Aorangi is the highest mountain in New Zealand with a height of .
Geology
It is part of the Southern Alps Mountain Range and is flanked by the Hooker Glacier to the southwest and the Tasman Glacier to the east. The mountain has three peaks: The south peak being the lowest at 3,593m/11,788 ft., The middle peak at 3,717m/12,195 ft. and the North peak being the highest at 3,724m/12,218 ft. This is the height of the north peak after the landslide of December 1991 which took 30 meters off the top and also turned the summit into a knife-edge ridge.
History
The mountain was named by Captain John Lort Stokes in honour of Captain James Cook who travelled around the islands of New Zealand in 1770 however the first Europeans to see Mount Cook were probably members of Abel Tasman's crew.
Climbing
It was first climbed by Tom Fyre, George Graham and Jack Clarke. Mount Cook is a favourite destination for climbers and was used by Sir Edmund Hillary as training for his historic climb of Mount Everest.
Cook
Geography of New Zealand
Mountain climbing
Mackenzie District
Peggy Sue

"Peggy Sue" is a 1957 song by Buddy Holly. It was taken from his album Buddy Holly. It went to number 3 in the United States, number 6 in the United Kingdom, number 4 in Canada, number 5 in the Netherlands and number 9 in Belgium.
References
1957 songs
Buddy Holly songs
The Crickets songs
The Beach Boys songs
John Lennon songs
The Hollies songs
Waylon Jennings songs
Rockabilly songs
Alexi Giannoulias

Alexander Giannoulias ( ; born March 16, 1976) is an American financier and politician who is the Illinois Secretary of State. Giannoulias ran as the Democratic nominee for Secretary of State in 2022. He was the 72nd Illinois Treasurer from 2007 to 2011. He is a Democrat.
He was a candidate in the 2010 elections for the United States Senate, but lost to Republican Mark Kirk.
References
1976 births
Living people
Politicians from Chicago
Businesspeople from Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Bingham Canyon, Utah

Bingham Canyon was a city formerly located in southwestern Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The town was abandoned in the 1970s.
References
Cities in Utah
Ghost towns in the United States
Mike Polchlopek

Mike Plotcheck (born December 27, 1963 in Titusville, Florida) better known by his ring names, Bart Gunn and Mike Barton, is an American professional wrestler and mixed martial artist.
Career
Plotcheck is known for competing in the World Wrestling Federation for 6 years. During that time, he formed The Smokin' Gunns with his kayfabe brother Billy Gunn. He also feuded with Billy Gunn when the team broke up. He was also a member of the tag team The Midnight Express and competed under the name "Bodacious Bart" along with "Bombastic" Bob Holly.
Plotcheck won the WWF's shoot boxing tournament, the Brawl for All in 1998 when he defeated his tag team partner Bob Holly in the first round, Steve Williams in the second round, The Godfather in the semi-finals, and Bradshaw in the finals. Plotcheck also faced boxer Eric "Butterbean" Esch at WrestleMania XV but was knocked out in 30 seconds. He was released from the WWF a short time after.
He then competed for All Japan Pro Wrestling from 1998 to 2002 where he had a successful tenure. He left AJPW to wrestle for New Japan Pro Wrestling in 2002. He left in 2004.
Plotcheck decided to start a mixed martial arts career and debuted on June 17, 2006. He defeated Wesley "Cabbage" Correira at Rumble On The Rock: Beatdown in less than two minutes by technical knockout because of a cut that Correir suffered during the bout. In his second fight he faced Ikuhisa "The Punk" Minowa at PRIDE Bushido 13 and lost by unanimous decision.
Championships
Plotcheck held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
All Japan Pro Wrestling
AJPW Unified World Tag Team Championship (one time) - with Johnny Ace
January 2 Korakuen Hall Heavyweight Battle Royal (2001)
Stan Hansen Cup (2002) - with Jim Steele
International Wrestling Federation
IWF World Tag Team Championship (two times) - with Kip Winchester
New Japan Pro Wrestling
IWGP Tag Team Championship Number One Contenders Tournament (2003) - with Jim Steele
Pennsylvania Championship Wrestling
PCW Americas Championship (two times)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #129 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 by PWI in 1997.
He was ranked #377 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years by PWI in 2003.
World Wrestling Federation
NWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) - with Bombastic Bob
WWF Tag Team Championship (three times) - with Billy Gunn
Brawl for All (1998)
References
Other websites
Mike Barton on OWOW
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Florida
1941 births
Ance Féas

Ance Feas is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Feas (the seat) and Ance.
References
2017 establishments in France
Ance Feas