pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ambrì

Ambri is a village in the municipality of Quinto in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Ambri has an ice hockey club, called the HC Ambri-Piotta, that plays in indoor sporting arena of "Valascia".
Villages in Ticino
Óscar Carmona

Antonio Oscar Fragoso Carmona (; 24 November 1869 - 18 April 1951) was a Portuguese Army officer and politician. He was the 96th Prime Minister of Portugal from 1926 to 1928 and 11th President of Portugal from 1926 until his death in 1951.
He also was the Minister of War in late 1923 and in 1926, and he also was the Minister of Foreign Affairs two times in 1926.
Honours
Commander of the Order of Aviz, Portugal (15 February 1919)
Commander of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, Portugal (28 February 1919)
Commander of the Order of Christ, Portugal (28 June 1919)
Grand-Cross of the Order of Aviz, Portugal (5 October 1925)
Grande Master of the Portuguese Honorific Orders, Portugal (29 November 1926)
Grand-Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Italy (25 April 1930)
Grand-Collar of the Imperial Order of the Red Arrows, Spain (1939)
References
1869 births
1951 deaths
Politicians from Lisbon
Portuguese military people
Presidents of Portugal
Prime Ministers of Portugal
Lake Preston, South Dakota

Lake Preston is a city in Kingsbury County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 599 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in South Dakota
Anders Celsius

Anders Celsius (27 November 1701 - 25 April 1744) was a Swedish astronomer. Celsius was born in Uppsala in Sweden. Much of his work was in what was later called Geodesy.
He is more famous for developing the Celsius temperature scale when he worked on meteorology (a science about weather conditions). It later became an the international standard. One of his good friends Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the Fahrenheit scale for the thermometer.
1701 births
1744 deaths
Astronomers
Meteorologists
Swedish scientists
People from Uppsala
Roy Lichtenstein

Roy Lichtenstein (October 27, 1923 - September 29, 1997) was an American artist. He is famous for his work in the "pop art" style around the late 1950's to early 1960's. He was friends with artist Andy Warhol.
He was born and grew up in New York City. After serving in the United States Army during World War II, he finished his education at Ohio State University and began teaching in colleges.
Lichtenstein was interested in popular culture, including comic books and advertising. He made his art about topics like these. He liked to make his art colorful and with bright lines.
Lichtenstein died of pneumonia, aged 74.
References
1923 births
1997 deaths
American artists
Deaths from pneumonia
People from New York City
Pop artists
Andy Warhol
Raymond Allen (actor)

Raymond Gilmore Allen (March 5, 1929 - August 10, 2020) was an American television actor. He was known for his appearances on television during the 1970s. He had roles as Ned the Wino on Good Times, as Woodrow "Woody" Anderson on the NBC sitcom Sanford and Son, and as mechanic Merle the Earl on Starsky and Hutch. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri.
Allen died on August 10, 2020 from respiratory failure in California, aged 91.
References
Other websites
1929 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
American television actors
Actors from Kansas City, Missouri
Noppenspitze

The Noppenspitze is a rocky mountain in the Allgau Alps. It is high and made of Dolomite. It is in the central part of the Hornbach chain. The Noppenspitze was first climbed on 16 August 1890 by Antony Spiehler and his guide, Johann Schiffer. The Noppenspitze is not climbed very much. According to the summit book in 2006, it was only being climbed about 5 - 15 times per year.
Gallery
Additional Reading
Dieter Seibert: Alpenvereinsfuhrer Allgauer und Ammergauer Alpen, 16th edition, Rother Bergverlag, 2004,
Die Erschliessung der Ostalpen, 1. Band, Die Nordlichen Kalkalpen, Verlag des Deutschen und Osterreichischen Alpenvereins, Berlin, 1893
Allgau Alps
Mountains of Austria
Free Trade Party

The Free Trade Party was an Australian political party from 1889 to 1909. It was officially known as the Australian Free Trade and Liberal Association. It was also called the Revenue Tariff Party in some states and renamed the Anti-Socialist Party in 1906. It wanted to remove tariffs (taxes on imports and exports) as well as other restrictions on trade. It argued that free trade would benefit everyone. However, many members also supported some tariffs to raise money for the government.
The party was based in New South Wales, where its leaders were Sir Henry Parkes and Sir George Reid. It was the main party in New South Wales politics before federation.
After the elections for the first Commonwealth Parliament, the Free Traders were the second largest group in the Australian House of Representatives, with 25 seats. Reid became the Parliament's first leader of the Opposition. He later became Prime Minister in 1904-05. The deputy leader of the Free Trade Party was Willima McMillan. Joseph Cook became deputy leader of the party when McMillan retired in 1903.
A separate Tasmanian Revenue Tariff Party took part in the 1903 federal election in Tasmania and won two seats. It joined with the Free Trade Party in federal parliament.
After the question of tariffs had largely been settled, Reid looked around for another cause for his party. He settled on opposition to socialism. He criticised both the Australian Labor Party and the Protectionist Party, led by Alfred Deakin. The Free Trade Party was renamed the Anti-Socialist Party (ASP) before the 1906 federal election. The Labor Party and the FTP/ASP continued to grow in electoral strength. Some Protectionists left the party to join Labor and the ASP.
Reid retired in 1908, and the party leadership passed to Joseph Cook. He agreed to merge with the Protectionists to become the Commonwealth Liberal Party in 1909.
References
1889 establishments in Australia
1909 disestablishments
Commonwealth Liberal Party
Political parties in Australia
1900s disestablishments in Australia
Louise Ellery

Louise Ellery (born 4 January 1977) is an athlete from Australia who has a disability. She competes in a wheelchair. She competes in the shot put. At the 2010 Commonwealth Games, she won a gold medal in F32-34/52/53 Shot put. She went to the 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She did not win a medal. She is getting ready for the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
References
1977 births
Living people
Australian athletes
Shot putters
2004 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
Nellie Connally

Idanell Brill Connally (February 24, 1919 - September 1, 2006) was the First Lady of Texas from 1963 to 1969. She was the wife of John Connally, who was Governor of Texas and later as Secretary of the Treasury.
She and her husband were passengers in the Presidential limousine carrying United States President John F. Kennedy when he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963.
References
1919 births
2006 deaths
People from Austin, Texas
Saladin Governorate

Salah ad Din () is a province in north of Iraq. The province has an area of 24,751 km2. The capital is Tikrit where Saddam Hussein was born and 1,147,000 people live in the province. The majority population is Sunni. In 2011, the province declared autonomy.
References
Provinces of Iraq
Friendship (ship)

The Friendship was a convict transport ship in the First Fleet. The First Fleet carried convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. The ships left England in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January, 1788. This was the start of European settlement of Australia. The Friendship was a ship of 278 tons which had been built in Scarborough about 1785. It was under the command of Master Francis Walton. The ship had a contract with the British Government to carry convicts. The owners were paid at a rate of 10 shillings per ton per month until the ship returned to Deptford. They had to agree to keep the prisoners secure and in safe custody.The friendship sunk of the coast of Borneo on the way back to England.
On her return trip with the Alexander, many of the sailors on the Friendship became sick with scurvy. There were not enough sailors fit enough to sail both ships. All the crew went on board the Alexander, and the Friendship was scuttled (sunk) off the coast of Borneo on October 28, 1788.
References
Other websites
A list of all the people known to have been on the Friendship in 1788
First Fleet
John Shakespeare

Sir John Shakespeare II (c. 1530-September 1601) was an English nobleman, politician, and knight. He was Sir William Shakespeare's father and husband of Mary Arden.
Sir John Shakespeare II was the son of English nobleman Sir Richard Shakespeare I (1490-1561) and Abigail Webb (1493-1565), John II was named after his paternal grandfather the English politician Sir John Shakespeare I (1460-1521), John II great-grandfather was the English politician Sir Thomas Shakespeare (1430-1511).
1530s births
1601 deaths
People from Warwickshire
Michael W. Young

Michael Warren Young (born March 28, 1949) is an American biologist and geneticist. He has worked over three decades to research studying genetically controlled patterns of sleep and wakefulness within Drosophila melanogaster. He worked at Rockefeller University.
Young is known for the discovery of the timeless and doubletime genes, which makes proteins that are also necessary for circadian rhythm. He was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Jeffrey C. Hall and Michael Rosbash "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".
References
1949 births
Living people
American biologists
American geneticists
Scientists from Miami
Writers from Miami
Rockefeller University faculty
Herbert Wahler

Herbert Wahler (born 10 December 1921) is a German centenarian and accused Nazi. He took part of the Einsatzgruppe C and was accused of being involved in the massacre of Jews in Ukraine at Babi Yar. He was added in the list of most-wanted Nazi war criminals in 2018.
In March 2020, the public prosecutor's office said that Wahler would not face charges because of a lack of evidence. He turned 100 in December 2021.
References
1921 births
Living people
German centenarians
Nazis
German military personnel of World War II
Al Jaffee

Abraham Jaffee (March 13, 1921 - April 10, 2023), known as Al Jaffee, was an American cartoonist. He was known for his work in the satirical magazine Mad, including his trademark feature, the Mad Fold-in. Jaffee was a regular in the magazine after 58 years and was its longest-running contributor. Only one issue of Mad has been published since 1964 without containing new material by Jaffee.
Jaffee was born March 13, 1921 in Savannah, Georgia.
Jaffee died of multiple organ failure on April 10, 2023, at a New York City hospital. He was 102.
References
Other websites
Complete list of Jaffee's Mad articles
Al Jaffee Wins the Reuben Award, Cartoonist of the Year
Part One of a Jaffee interview , TheDailyCrosshatch.com
Part Two of a Jaffee interview, TheDailyCrosshatch.com
Part Three of a Jaffee interview , TheDailyCrosshatch.com
"Fold-Ins, Past and Present", NYTimes.com interactive feature, March 28, 2008
1921 births
2023 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
American centenarians
American comics artists
People from Savannah, Georgia
The Great Giana Sisters

The Great Giana Sisters is a 1987 platform game known for resembling Nintendo's Super Mario Brothers. The game was developed by Time Warp Productions and published by Rainbow Arts. Due to the game's similarity to Nintendo's Super Mario Brothers, Nintendo threatened the game's makers with a legal action, and the game was removed from stores.
Players control one of two protagonists Giana or Maria. Players defeat enemies and collect gems and powerups in order to increase their score. The player's objective is to advance through each level.
1987 video games
Commodore 64 games
Platform games
Michael Phelps

Michael Fred Phelps II (born June 30, 1985) is an American swimmer who holds world records in multiple events. Phelps won eight medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Six of those were gold. These medals made him tie the record for medals at a single Olympics. Alexander Dityatin has held this record since 1980. In 2008, Phelps won eight swimming gold medals at the Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. This broke Mark Spitz's record for most gold medals in a single Olympics. Spitz had won seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics. At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Phelps won another four gold and two silver medals. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Phelps won five gold medals and one silver.
In total he has won 28 Olympic medals, a record. 23 of these are gold medals, over two times as many as the former record. Phelps is also known as the most decorated olympian in any sport. Currently, Michael Phelps has retired. He did not swim in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.
Phelps was diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when he was nine.
2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games
Phelps qualified to compete in three team events and five individual events. He won gold medals in all eight events (WR = world record, OR = Olympic record):
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References
Other websites
1985 births
Living people
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
American swimmers
Sportspeople from Baltimore
InfoWars

InfoWars is an American far-right website owned by Alex Jones. It was founded in 1999.
Other websites
American websites
Austin, Texas
1999 establishments in the United States
politics of the United States
Kempen, Germany

Kempen is a town in Germany. It is about northwest of Dusseldorf, and east of Venlo. It was once a center of textile making, silk, cotton, and linen.
Kempen can also refer to a different town that used to be part of Germany but in 1920 was given to Poland and now has a Polish name.
References
Other websites
Viersen (district)
Misia (Japanese singer)

MISIA (born July 7, 1978 in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Kyushu, Japan) is a Japanese singer who is most popular in Japan. One of her most famous songs is called "Everything". She served as an honorary ambassador on the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP10) and the TICAD V (5th Conference on African Development) .
Other websites
Rhythmedia Misia Web Official site (in Japanese)
Rhythmedia Official site (in Japanese)
Rhythmedia Tribe Label Site (in Japanese)
Wiki.theppn page on Misia
1978 births
Living people
Singers from Fukuoka Prefecture
Börrstadt

Borrstadt is a municipality in the Donnersbergkreis district, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
References
Other websites
12 Rounds (movie)

12 Rounds is a 2009 movie. It is directed by Renny Harlin and produced by WWE Films. The actors include John Cena, Steve Harris, Aidan Gillen, and Brian J. White. Filming took place in New Orleans between February 25 and May 12, 2008. It was released in the United States on March 27, 2009.
The Story
The movie follows Danny Baxter (Cena), a New Orleans police detective, as he begins a 12-round battle of wits to recover his kidnapped girlfriend, Janine, from criminal master Miles Jackson III.
References
Other websites
12 Rounds
American movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Renny Harlin
Le Perchay

Le Perchay is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Carl Panzram

Carl Panzram (June 28, 1891 - September 5, 1930) was an American serial killer who was hanged for murder. He served time under his own name and various aliases in Fresno, California; Rusk, Texas; The Dalles, Oregon; Harrison, Idaho; Butte, Montana; Montana State Reform School in Miles City; Montana State Prison (as "Jeff Davis" #4194 #3194 and "Jefferson Rhodes" #4396); Oregon State Prison ("Jefferson Baldwin" #7390); Bridgeport, Connecticut ("John O'Leary"); Sing Sing Correctional Facility, New York ("John O'Leary" #75182); Clinton Correctional Facility, New York ("John O'Leary" #75182); and Washington, D.C (Carl Panzram #33379) and Leavenworth, Kansas (Carl Panzram #31614). While incarcerated, Panzram frequently attacked guards and refused to follow their orders. The guards retaliated, subjecting him to beatings and other punishments.
Early life
Panzram was born on June 28, 1892, in East Grand Forks, Minnesota the son of Johann Gottlieb Panzram 1843-1926 and Matilda. He had five other siblings who did not become thieves, but Carl was stealing since he was six years old.
Death
After being sentenced to death for killing Warnke,in response to offers from death penalty opponents and human rights activists to intervene, Panzram wrote, "The only thanks you and your kind will ever get from me for your efforts on my behalf is that I wish you all had one neck and that I had my hands on it."
On September 5, 1930, Panzram was hanged for murder at Leavenworth prison. When asked if had any last words, he snapped back "Hurry it up you Hoosier Bastard. I could kill ten men while you're fooling around!". He was buried in the prison graveyard marked only by his prison number.
During his last imprisonment a prison guard Henry Lesser gave Panzram a dollar to buy cigarettes; Panzram was so surprised by this one act of kindness that in return he wrote his autobiography--making it quite clear that he did not repent at all of the robberies, murders, arsons, and rapes which he had committed-writing a detailed summary of his crimes and nihilistic philosophy. It began with a straightforward statement:
In 1938, Karl Menninger wrote Man Against Himself, including writing about Panzram using the pen name of "John Smith", with Panzram Prison Number # 31614. Lesser preserved Panzram's letters and autobiographical manuscript, then spent the next four decades in search of a publisher willing to print the material. Finally, in 1970, it was released under the title Killer: A Journal of Murder. In 1996, the book formed the basis of a film of the same name, starring James Woods as Panzram and Robert Sean Leonard as Lesser. In 1980, Lesser donated Panzram's material to San Diego State University, where they are housed, as the "Carl Panzram papers", in the Malcolm A. Love Library. In 2012 filmmaker John Borowski released a documentary entitled Carl Panzram: The Spirit of Hatred and Vengeance.
References
1891 births
1930 deaths
Executed American serial killers
People executed by hanging
People from Minnesota
Georgiy Roedov

Georgiy Roedov (; 1 March 1939 - 14 November 2021) was a Russian diplomat. He was Ambassador of the Soviet Union and later Russia to Laos from 1990 to 1993 and Ambassador of Russia to Kyrgyzstan from 1997 to 2002.
References
1939 births
2021 deaths
Ambassadors of Russia
Louise Goodman

Louise Goodman is one of two pitlane reporters for ITV's Formula One coverage. Before this she worked in marketing for the Jordan team. She started television broadcast in 1997.
She is said to be the first woman of Formula One live coverage. Louise Goodman has been ITV's roving pitlane reporter since ITV took the broadcast in 1997. She usually does driver interviews, while Ted Kravitz brings news from the teams about technical or tactical matters. She is taller than many F1 drivers, and is known for wearing much jewellery on her arm.
Goodman became the first female to be part of a pit stop when she removed the left rear tire in a Midland pit stop for Tiago Monteiro in 2006 British Grand Prix.
During Q3 in Hungaroring 2006 she interviewed David Coulthard. Coulthard had been knocked out in Q2. She asked him how the cold weather was affecting him. He answered," Ummm...well, it's a lot nicer to look at you in your tight t-shirts first out." Goodman sounded startled when she replied, " Thank you so much DC. I'll have a word with you later." They then went back to the main commentary team who also sounded rather flustered.
In 2007, she became the presenter of ITV's coverage of the British Touring Car Championship. Her co-presenter was Ted Kravitz.
References
Other websites
Official site
Louise Goodman at ITV.com
English television presenters
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Hillsboro, Maryland

Hillsboro is a town in Caroline County, Maryland, United States.
Towns in Maryland
Dave Smith (comedian)

Dave Smith (born April 20, 1982) is an American stand-up comedian, political commentator, and libertarian. He has appeared on Fox News Channel's Kennedy and The Greg Gutfeld Show. He was also seen on CNN's S.E. Cupp: Unfiltered.
Smith has been seen as a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination for President of the United States in the 2024 election.
References
1982 births
Living people
American political commentators
Comedians from New York City
Libertarians
Hapeville, Georgia

Hapeville is a city in Fulton County, Georgia, United States.
Fulton County, Georgia
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Seaworld

SeaWorld is a group of theme parks in the United States. There are dolphins and whales, some of which have been trained to perform for people who watch. There are SeaWorld parks in Orlando, Florida, San Antonio, Texas, and San Diego, California.
Controversy
Human beings have learned more about dolphins and whales since the first SeaWorld was built. People have started to ask whether it is good to keep them in places like SeaWorld. Scientists say that dolphins and whales need much more space and much more time with other dolphins and whales than people used to think they did.
There have also been accidents. Sometimes a whale will attack its human trainer. The mini-series Blackfish told the story of an orca named Tilikum that attacked a trainer named Dawn Brancheau.
People from SeaWorld say that they are doing good things for whales and dolphins by allowing people to see them close up.
References
Aquariums
Theme parks in the United States
RMS Lusitania

The RMS Lusitania was a British Ocean Liner. Built in 1907, the ship is best known for being sunk by Germany.
Many believe the Lusitania was carrying ammunition to British troops when it was torpedoed by a German U-Boat (U-20) early on 7 May 1915 during World War I.
More than a thousand people were on board, including 128 Americans. They were killed when the ship sank. At first President Woodrow Wilson only asked the German government to apologize and compensate the families of the victims.
Two years later, this and other events led to the United States joining World War I on the Allied side.
References
Other websites
The Home Port of RMS Lusitania - Lusitania.net
RMSLusitania.info
RMS Lusitania on the wrecksite
British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
Cruise ships
World War I
Ever Anderson

Ever Gabo Anderson (born November 3, 2007) is an American actress and model. She is known for portraying a young "Natasha Romanoff" in the 2021 movie Black Widow.
Movies
References
Other websites
Living people
2007 births
Actors from Los Angeles
Models from Los Angeles
Gulf of Finland

The Gulf of Finland is a body of water that points east from the Baltic Sea with Finland on its north side and Estonia on its south side. Both Finnish capital Helsinki and Estonian capital Tallinn are at shore of Gulf of Finland. At the bottom of the gulf of Finland is Russia and its most important coast city St. Petersburg.
The water is less salty in the eastern side of the Gulf. This is because the Neva River flows into the Gulf in the east.
Finland
Atlantic Ocean
Baltic states
Geography of Estonia
Geography of Finland
Geography of Russia
Flag of Israel

The flag of Israel has a blue Star of David between two horizontal blue stripes on a white field.
Israel
National symbols of Israel
Patterson, Louisiana

Patterson is a small city in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Cities in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana
Alma, Arkansas

Alma is a city in Crawford County, Arkansas, United States.
References
Cities in Arkansas
Hubert Markl

Hubert Simon Markl (17 August 1938 - 8 January 2015) was a German biologist. He also served as President of the Max Planck Society from 1996 to 2002.
References
Other websites
Hubert Markl at the University of Konstanz
1938 births
2015 deaths
German zoologists
People from Regensburg
Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Atal Bihari Vajpayee (25 December 1924 - 16 August 2018) was an Indian politician. He served as the 10th Prime Minister of India for six years from 1998 through 2004. He was also serving as Prime Minister from May 1996 through June 1996. He founded the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Vajpayee was born on 25 December 1924 in Gwalior, United Provinces, British India (now Madhya Pradesh, India). He studied at Victoria College (now Laxmibai College) and at DAV College, Kanpur. Vajpayee was never married and had no children.
Vajpayee, who had dementia and diabetes, died at a New Delhi hospital from multiple organ failure on 16 August 2018, aged 93.
References
Other websites
Profile Govt. of India
Profile at BBC News
Annotated Bibliography for Atal Bihari Vajpayee from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
BJP website
A. B. Vajpayee at BJP leaders, India
Atalji's life journey poems and songs collection
Read few poems of Atal Bihari Vajpayee in Hindi Script
In India's Spotlight, He Was Both Director and Audience - NYTimes
1924 births
2018 deaths
Prime Ministers of India
Indian Hindus
Politicians from Madhya Pradesh
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians
Party for Socialism and Liberation

The Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL) is a communist party in the United States created in 2004. Its members are active in a wide range of movements including the labor, anti-war, immigrants' rights, women's rights, and anti-police brutality movements.
References
2004 establishments in the United States
Political parties in the United States
Carlos Dívar

Jose Carlos Divar Blanco (December 31, 1941 - November 11, 2017) was a Spanish government official. He was born in Malaga, Spain. He was President of the General Council of the Judiciary and the Supreme Court from September 2008 to June 2012.
He was the President of the National Court from 2001 to 2008. He resigned in June 2012 when it was uncovered a scandal of alleged misappropriation of public funds.
Divar died of pulmonary edema in Madrid on November 11, 2017 at the age of 75.
References
1941 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary edema
Spanish judges
Spanish civil servants
84th Academy Awards

The 84th Academy Awards was on February 26, 2012. It was held in the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. Billy Crystal was the morderator at this ceremony.
The Artist won five Oscars: Best Picture, Best Actor for Jean Dujardin and Best Director for Michael Hazanavicius. Other Winners were Hugo with five Oscars, The Iron Lady with two Oscars and Beginners, The Descendants, The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Help, Midnight in Paris, The Muppets, Rango, Saving Face, A Separation, The Shore and Undefeated with one.
Nominees and winners
Winners are listed first.
Academy Awards
2012 movies
Chinese dragon

A Chinese dragon was the symbol of the Emperor of China. The dragon in the Qing Dynasty came out on national flags.
Dragons are often found in Chinese art and stories. Since people discovered dragons in Chinese art and stories, dragons are sometimes thought of as a symbol for China.
There are people inside Chinese dragons. Dragons are very popular in China. The phoenix is a dragon that has five claws and was a powerful symbol for the emperors in China.
References
Legendary creatures
National symbols of the People's Republic of China
Eliza Acton

Elizabeth "Eliza" Acton (17 April 1799 - 13 February 1859) was an English poet and cook. She was born in Battle, Sussex and raised in Suffolk. She wrote one the first cookbooks for cooking at home, not for professional cook or chef, Modern Cookery for Private Families. In this book she started the use of listing the ingredients and suggested cooking times with each recipe, like all the world does now. Modern Cookery was sold for a long time after her death, until 1914 and can still be found at many libraries. Her recipes are still very famous.
Other websites
Biography at foodreference.com
Poems by Eliza Acton
1799 births
1859 deaths
British chefs
English poets
Writers from Suffolk
Writers from Sussex
James McAvoy

James McAvoy ( ; born 21 April 1979) is a Scottish actor. He is best known for his roles in movies such as The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005), The Last King of Scotland (2006), Becoming Jane (2007), Atonement (2007), Wanted (2008) and Professor X in X-Men film series.
James McAvoy was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He was raised as a Roman Catholic. He married English actress Anne-Marie Duff on 11 November 2006 but they divorced in 2016. They have a son named Brendan, born in 2010.
McAvoy starred as adult Bill Denbrough in the 2019 horror movie It - Chapter Two.
References
Other websites
1979 births
Living people
Actors from Glasgow
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
List of rivers of Greece

This is a list of rivers that are at least partially in Greece. The rivers flowing into the sea are sorted along the coast. Rivers flowing into other rivers are listed by the rivers they flow into.
List of rivers
Adriatic Sea
Aoos/Vjose (near Novosele, Albania)
Drino (in Tepelene, Albania)
Sarantaporos (near Carshove, Albania)
Ionian Sea
Rivers in this section are sorted north (Albanian border) to south (Cape Malea).
Thyamis (near Igoumenitsa)
Tyria (near Vrosina)
Acheron (near Parga)
Arachthos (in Kommeno)
Acheloos (near Astakos)
Megdovas (near Fragkista)
Agrafiotis (near Fragkista)
Granitsiotis (near Granitsa)
Evinos (near Missolonghi)
Mornos (near Nafpaktos)
Elissonas (in Dimini)
Selinountas (near Aigio)
Vouraikos (near Diakopto)
Charadros (in Patras)
Glafkos (in Patras)
Peiros (in Dymi)
Tytheus (in Olenia)
Pineios (near Gastouni)
Alfeios (near Pyrgos)
Erymanthos (near Tripotamia)
Ladon (near Tripotamia)
Aroanios (near Filia)
Lousios (near Gortyna)
Elissonas (near Megalopoli)
Neda (near Giannitsochori)
Pamisos (near Messene)
Eurotas (in Elos)
Aegean Sea
Rivers in this section are sorted south (Cape Malea) to northeast (Turkish border).
Inachos (in Nea Kios)
Spercheios (near Lamia)
Gorgopotamos (near Lamia)
Pineios (in Stomio)
Titarisios (in Ampelonas)
Enipeas (in Farkadona)
Haliacmon (in Methoni)
Axios/Vardar (near Thessaloniki)
Gallikos (near Thessaloniki)
Strymonas/Struma (in Amphipolis)
Nestos/Mesta (near Keramoti)
Despatis/Dospat (near Sidironero)
Evros/Maritsa (near Alexandroupoli)
Erythropotamos/Luda reka (near Didymoteicho)
Ardas/Arda (near Edirne, Turkey)
Ancient rivers and streams
Ammites (stream; emptied into Lake Bolbe)
Bisaltes
Elpeus
Erasinos (emptied into the modern Petalies Gulf)
Erechios (stream; emptied into the Strymonic Gulf)
Olynthiakos (stream; emptied into Lake Bolbe)
Rhoedias (emptied into the Thermaic Gulf)
List by letter
Acheloos, Agrafiotis, Alfeios, Aoos/Vjose, Arachthos, Ardas, Aroanios, Axios/Vardar, Cephissus (Athenian plain), Cephissus (Boeotia), Charadros, Despatis, Drino, Elissos, Elpeus, Enipefs, Eridanos, Erymanthos, Erythropotamos, Eurotas, Evinos, Evros/Maritsa, Gallikos, Glafkos, Gorgopotamos, Granitsiotis, Haliacmon, Ilissos, Inachos, Kladeos, Krathi, Krausidonas, Krios, Ladon, Larissos, Lousios, Megdova, Meilichos, Mornos, Neda, Nestos/Mesta, Oenus, Pamisos, Peiros, Pindus, Pineios (Peloponnese), Pineios (Thessaly), Plataneiko, Sarantaporos (Epirus), Sarantaporos (Thessaly), Selemnos, Spercheios, Strymonas/Struma, Tara, Thyamis, Titarisios, Tragus, Tyria, Tytheus, Volinaios, Zacholitikos
Greece
Greece
The Way West

The Way West is a 1967 American western movie by Andrew V. McLaglen and based on the 1949 novel of the same name by A. B. Guthrie. It stars Kirk Douglas, Robert Mitchum, Richard Widmark, Sally Field, Lola Albright, Sam Elliott and distributed by United Artists.
Other websites
1967 movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Andrew V. McLaglen
Movies set in the 1840s
Movies set in Oregon
National Book Award

The National Book Award is one of the most important American literary prizes, which began in 1950. Its gives awards every year to American authors for literature in the fields of: fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and Young People's Literature.
Other websites
Official website
Most Honored National Book Award finalists
The Pearson Prize - Teen Choice Award for Young Adult Fiction
Literary awards
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House

The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House was part of the Overland Campaign of the American Civil War. It was fought from May 8 to May 21, 1864. After the Battle of the Wilderness, Union commander Ulysses S. Grant decided to march south to get between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As part of the Union plans, they had to capture the important crossroads of Spotsylvania Court House. But Confederate cavalry arrived there first, followed by Confederate infantry.
Part of the Confederate line bulged outward; this part was soon called the "Mule Shoe". On May 12, Grant attacked the Mule Shoe with several thousand men. The Union attack captured part of the Confederate line but Confederate commander Robert E. Lee sent reinforcements to counterattack. The fighting lasted all day at the Mule Shoe. By the end of the day, an oak tree almost two feet wide was completely severed by all the rifle fire.
The battle continued until May 21st. Grant then decided that he could not defeat Lee at Spotsylvania, so he ordered the Union army to move southward.
References
Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of
1864 in the United States
May 1864 events
Race (biology)

In biology, races are distinct populations within the same species with relatively small morphological and genetic differences.
The populations are ecological races if they arise from adaptation to different local habitats or geographic races when they are geographically isolated.
If sufficiently different, two or more races may be described as subspecies, which is an official biological taxonomy unit below 'species'.
If not, they are called races, which means that a formal rank should not be given to the group, or taxonomists are unsure whether or not a formal rank should be given.
According to Ernst Mayr, "a subspecies is a geographic race that is sufficiently different taxonomically to be worthy of a separate name"
Example
The key lime is a shrub that grows to a size of about 5 metres in height. It has many thorns. It produces a fruit that is yellow when it is ripe. This fruit is preferred by bartenders to mix cocktails. They prefer this lime, rather than the Persian lime.
The lime plant originally came from southeast Asia, where it is native. It was taken to the Middle East, and Crusaders took it to Europe and North Africa. Spanish explorers took it to the West Indies and the Florida Keys. In 1926, a hurricane destroyed most of the commercially-grown limes in the region. The Persian lime was reintroduced then.
Some of the original shrubs grew wild in the Florida Keys. It became clear that the originally introduced shrubs (now known as Mexican limes) had modified their fruits. These were darker green than the original Persian limes, they also had a thicker skin.
More detail
In biological taxonomy, race is an informal rank below the level of subspecies. It may be used as a higher rank than "strain". There are various definitions. Races may be genetically distinct populations in the same species, or they may be defined in other ways, e.g. geographically, or physiologically. Genetic isolation between races is not complete (some interbreeding takes place between the groups).
However, the genetic differences are not (yet) enough to put the groups into separate species. The term race is recognized by some, but is not governed by any of the formal codes of biological classification.
Human beings
In former times, scientists often divided human beings into races. For example, they called people with a dark skin "Negroid" or "black race". But, human gene sequences are very similar compared to many other animals. This is one reason why modern biology says that there is only one human race.
References
Taxonomy
Hubert-Folie

Hubert-Folie is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Castine-en-Plaine.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Gianluca Zambrotta

Gianluca Zambrotta (born 19 February 1977) is an Italian football player. He plays for Milan and Italy national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="3"|Como||Serie B||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Serie C1||14||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||2
|-
|1996/97||33||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||34||4
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Bari||rowspan="2"|Serie A||27||2||2||2||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|1998/99||32||4||4||0||colspan="2"|-||36||4
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="7"|Juventus||rowspan="7"|Serie A||32||1||2||0||12||2||45||4
|-
|2000/01||29||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||29||3
|-
|2001/02||32||1||6||1||9||0||47||2
|-
|2002/03||26||1||3||0||13||0||42||1
|-
|2003/04||30||1||6||0||5||0||41||1
|-
|2004/05||36||0||0||0||12||0||48||0
|-
|2005/06||32||0||2||0||8||0||42||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||29||3||5||0||6||0||40||3
|-
|2007/08||29||0||5||0||6||0||40||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Milan||rowspan="2"|Serie A||34||1||1||0||6||0||41||1
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
358||20||28||3||65||2||451||25
58||3||10||0||12||0||80||3
416||23||38||3||77||2||531||28
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||8||0
|-
|2001||8||0
|-
|2002||8||0
|-
|2003||8||0
|-
|2004||10||1
|-
|2005||7||0
|-
|2006||10||1
|-
|2007||6||0
|-
|2008||12||0
|-
|2009||12||0
|-
!Total||92||2
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
Association football defenders
Association football full-backs
Footballers from Lombardy
Sportspeople from Como
FC Barcelona players
Kearney, Nebraska

Kearney is a city in Nebraska, United States. It is in the south-central part of Nebraska. The city began in the late 19th century. The previous name of the city was Dobytown, but the area was later renamed Kearney.
The 2020 Census recorded the population of Kearney at 33,790. The city has grown in recent years.
References
Cities in Nebraska
County seats in Nebraska
19th-century establishments in Nebraska
Fairhill, Hamilton, Scotland

Fairhill is an area in the town of Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland.
They have schools, churches, a civic centre, a library and shopping places.
Towns in South Lanarkshire
Flaxieu

Flaxieu is a commune. It is found in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region in the Ain department in the east of France.
Communes in Ain
TG Norba 24

TG Norba 24 is an Italian television channel. It is a 24-hour channel that only shows news. The channel is owned by Gruppo Norba.
The channel's format shows rolling news bulletins. These are updated every 15 minutes. It broadcasts live from 5am to midnight.
Presenters
Programming
Buon Pomeriggio
TG Norba 24 Mattina
TG Norba 24 Flash
TG Norba 24 Pomeriggio
TG Norba 24 Sera
TG Norba 24 Lis
TG Norba 24 Prima
TG Norba 24 Sport
TG Norba 24 Rassegna Stampa
Meteo Telenorba
Il Meteo
Doctor TG24
Il Fatto with Enzo Magista
Il Tempo della fede
Pillole I Colori della Nostra Terra
Il Graffio'''
TG Norba 24 Buongiorno Astrabilia''
Television channels in Italy
Jahn's tree frog

Jahn's tree frog or Jahn's stream frog (Hyloscirtus jahni) is a frog. It lives in cloud forests in Venezuela. Scientists have seen it between 1000 and 3000 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of South America
Clive Charles

Clive Charles is a former English football player.
References
1951 births
2003 deaths
Footballers from London
People from Barking
Edwin Atherstone

Edwin Atherstone (1788-1872) was an English writer, poet and playwright.
Biography
Edwin Atherstone was born in Nottingham on 17 April 1788. He was one of fifteenth children of Hugh Atherstone and Ann Green. He learned in Yorkshire at Fulneck Moravian School. He lived with Mary Wainwright Pearson. They were never married, but had four children, three daughters and a son. Atherstone taught music at school in Taunton. He also collected paintings. The poet died in Bath on 29 January.
Literary Works
Edwin Atherstone wrote a lot. He published his first poem, named Last Days of Herculaneum in 1821. His best known work is the poem The Fall of Nineveh. The poem was written for many years. First edition was published in 1828, and the last one in 1868. It is written in blank verse. It is over twenty thousand lines long. It consists of a prelude and thirty books. It tells about a war between Medes and Assyrians. The war took place some centuries before Christ. Main heroes are Arbaces, prince of Medes, Belesis, a priest and friend of Arbaces and Sardanapalus, a cruel king of Assyria. After many battles Medes got Nineveh, which was the capital city of Assyria. Sardanapalus put fire to his own palace and died inside. Sardanapalus is really a criminal. He ordered execution of one hundred war prisoners. He locked all his concubines in his palace so that they died in the fire. The other poems by Atherstone are Israel in Egypt, about Moses and freeing Jews form slavery in Egypt, Abradates and Panthea and A Midsummer Day's Dream. He also wrote two novels: The Sea-Kings in England (1830) and The Handwriting on the Wall (1858).
Inspired painting
He was a close friend and associate of the painter John Martin, whose well-known painting "The Fall of Nineveh" was produced in conjunction with Atherstone's poem.
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. Wikisource
Bibliography
Herbert F. Tucker, Epic. Britain's Heroic Muse 1790-1910, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008.
Other websites
Poems by Edwin Atherstone at PoemHunter.
1788 births
1872 deaths
English poets
English writers
English playwrights
Heustreu

Heustreu is a municipality in Rhon-Grabfeld in Lower Franconia in Germany. It is on the river Streu.
Heustreu is in the Main-Rhon region in the north of Lower Franconia. The Rhon mountains are a low mountain range in the north of Bavaria, Hesse and Thuringia. The most successful football club in Heustreu is the TSV 1894 Heustreu e.V., which plays in the Kreisklasse of Rhon-Grabfeld.
References
Rhon-Grabfeld
Marceline, Missouri

Marceline is a city in Chariton and Linn counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Cities in Missouri
Solo (Clean Bandit song)

"Solo" is an EDM song by British electronic music duo Clean Bandit. It also features Demi Lovato. It was released on May 18, 2018, by Atlantic Records. Lovato, Grace Chatto, Camille Purcell, Jack Patterson, and Fred Gibson helped write the song's lyrics.
Commercially, the song was a worldwide success. It topped the charts in 13 countries.
"Solo" was the most searched song on Shazam in 2018. It had 9.1 million tags worldwide.
Background
The song was first revealed when a dancer posted on her Instagram Stories. She said that she would be featured on the music video for "Solo". On May 2018, Clean Bandit teased the song on Twitter. Camille Purcell also said in a tweet that she would work for the production for the song.
Grace Chatto, one of the members of Clean Bandit, told that London Evening Standard that the song was based on an experience of a breakup of hers. She also said that the song was recorded over FaceTime. It is because the band was unable to schedule a session with Lovato.
Live performances
The song was performed at the other European leg of Lovato's Tell Me You Love Me World Tour. Clean Bandit also performed the song at the Capital FM Summertime Ball. The band also had Lovato as a special guest on June 9, 2018.
Music Videos
The music video for the song was released on May 31, 2018. It stars the members of Clean Bandit and Lovato herself.
Synopsis
The video starts with the Clean Bandit member Grace Chatto. She is with a "lover", who is the actor George Todd McLachlan, in which they argue. As the arguments become violent. Chatto grabs her longboard and skates into the town and ends at a laundromat. She is then hidden behind the washing machines in an office. She also pays an attendant (Ko Hyojoo) for an unknown medicine. Then, Hyojoo is skating with a longboard down the street. It is to retrieve the medicine that will be made by Jack and Luke Patterson. Before that happens, Luke suggests to choose to the shape of a bearded dragon or a rabbit. They decide to make the shape of a dog. In the end, thanks to the help of the medicine, Chatto's abusive boyfriend turns into a rainbow golden Retriever. The video is briefly cut with Chatto's face evaporating. Lovato makes appearances with a floral top when she sings the track's vocals. As of November 2021, the video has over 900 million views. A black and white acoustic version of the video was released on June 15, 2018.
Japanese edition
A music video for the Japanese version of the video was released on August 17, 2018. It was filmed in Kyoto, Japan. It focuses on the division of trying to break away from one's feelings. It is also focuses on moving from the past with the inner confusion that comes with it. It was directed by Yutaka Obara.
References
2018 songs
Demi Lovato songs
Granger, Iowa

Granger is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Counsellor at Law

Counsellor at Law is a 1933 American drama movie directed by William Wyler and is based on the play of the same name by Elmer Rice. It stars John Barrymore, Melvyn Douglas, Bebe Daniels, Doris Kenyon, Thelma Todd, Onslow Stevens, Vincent Sherman and was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Other websites
1933 drama movies
1930s American drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by William Wyler
Tampa Bay Lightning

The Tampa Bay Lightning is an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They were formed in 1991, and began playing in 1992-93 NHL season.
The Lightning has won the Stanley Cup championship twice and won the Division title 4 times (2002-03, 2003-04, 2017-18, and 2018-19).
Before the Lightning's Stanley Cup championship, the team was regarded as one of the worst team in the league. It made the play-offs once (1995-96) before winning the Southeast Division in 2002-03.
It won the Stanley Cup championship in 2003-04, the year before the NHL Lock-Out. Under the leadership of captain Dave Andreychuk, and the strong goaltending performance of goaltender Nikolai Khabibulin, the Lightning earned its first Stanley Cup over the Calgary Flames in 7 games.
During the Lightning's Stanley Cup winning year, Martin St. Louis won the Hart Trophy, the league's most valuable player. After game 7 against the Calgary Flames, Brad Richards was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, the play-offs most valuable player. Also, coach John Tortorella was awarded the Jack Adams Trophy for coach of the year.
References
Other websites
Official website
1991 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Florida
National Hockey League teams
Appiano Gentile

Appiano Gentile is a comune in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Jan Brewer

Janice Kay Brewer (Jan in short; born September 26, 1944) is an American politician. She served as the 22nd Governor of Arizona from 2009 to 2015. She is the fourth woman in Arizona to hold the position of Governor. Brewer is a Republican.
Brewer was born Janice Drinkwine in Hollywood, California. She attended Glendale Community College.
References
Governors of Arizona
Politicians from California
1944 births
Living people
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Rioseco de Soria

Rioseco de Soria is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
References
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria