pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Alsace–Lorraine

The Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine ( or , or ) was a territory created by the German Empire in 1871 after its victory in the Franco-Prussian War. It was made up of almost all of the French region of Alsace and about a quarter of Lorraine, hence its name. France took it back in 1918 and it became part of that country as a result of Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Nazi Germany de facto took it back in 1940 but France took it back in 1945.
The territory has been part of France since then. In 2016 it became part of the Region of Grand Est.
Other websites
http://www.geocities.com/bfel/geschichte5b.html(Archived 2009-10-25)
http://www.elsass-lothringen.de/
https://web.archive.org/web/20090730200508/http://geocities.com/CapitolHill/Rotunda/2209/Alsace_Lorraine.html
France, Germany and the Struggle for the War-making Natural Resources of the Rhineland
Elsass-Lothringen video
Annuary of Cultur and Artists from Elsass-Lothringen
Former countries in Europe
1871 establishments in Europe
Antonio Stradivari

Antonio Stradivari (1644 18 December 1737) was an Italian luthier (a person who makes stringed instruments). He made violins, violas, cellos, guitars, and harps. The instruments he made are called Stradivarius, or Strad for short. Many people think that he is the greatest violin maker. Around 650 of the instruments he made survive.
References
1644 births
1737 deaths
Luthiers
People from Cremona
Jetix

Jetix is a TV brand owned by Walt Disney. It existed from 2004 to 2010 worldwide. The brand was started in the United States in February 2004. It was retired in most countries in 2009. In the Netherlands, it was retired in January. In Russia, it was retired in August 2010.
Other services
Jetix Play started on various European channels replacing Fox Kids Play. It aired mainly pre-school shows. The brand was retired in most countries in August 2010. It was not rebranded in Romania until March 2011. In most countries it was replaced by Playhouse Disney. In the United Kingdom and Russia, it had no replacement.
Jetix Action Block started in Spain in 2007 as a block on Star One. The block aired mainly shows which aired on the main Jetix channel. The block was discontinued in both regions in 2010.
Jetix +1 was a timeshift service in the United Kingdom and Italy. It aired shows which aired an hour earlier on the main channel.
References
The Walt Disney Company
Sharon, Vermont

Sharon is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Cardeñosa de Volpejera

Cardenosa de Volpejera is a municipality found in the province of Palencia in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Sources
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Palencia
Fumihito, Prince Akishino

is a member of the Japanese imperial family.
Fumihito was born in Imperial Household Hospital in Tokyo, He is the younger brother of Emperor Naruhito and the younger son of Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita Michiko.
He is the heir presumptive to the Chrysanthemum Throne. He has had the title and has headed his own branch of the imperial family.
References
1965 births
Living people
Crown Princes and Princesses of Japan
People from Tokyo
Mordellistena

Mordellistena is a genus (type) of beetles in the family Mordellidae. It contains many species.
They are "tumbling flower beetles", so-called for the typical irregular movements they make when escaping predators.
References
Other websites
Polyphaga
Centralia, Missouri

Centralia is a city in Audrain and Boone counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Cities in Missouri
Russell Howard

Russell Joseph Howard (born 23 March 1980) is a British stand-up comedian. He has a show on BBC3 called Russell Howard's Good News. He was born on 23 March 1980. He is 1.77 metres tall. He used to be on the TV panel show Mock the Week hosted by Dara O Briain.
References
1980 births
Living people
British stand-up comedians
Comedians from Bristol
English television personalities
Vincent Darius

Vincent Matthew Darius, OP (6 September 1955 - 26 April 2016) was Grenadian Roman Catholic official. He was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint George's in Grenada from 2002 until his death in 2016. He was born in the village of Crochu. He was ordained on 28 June 1987.
Darius died from cancer in Bellevue, New York on 26 April 2016, aged 60.
Other websites
Bishop Vincent Darius, Catholic Diocese of Saint George's in Grenada
Rinuncie e Nomine, 10.07.2002 (B0362), Press Office of the Holy See (in Italian)
Bishop Vincent Matthew Darius, O.P. +, Hierarchy of the Catholic Church (Catholic-Hierarchy.org)
Coat of arms (of the Bishop), Catholic Diocese of Saint George's in Grenada
Death of Bishop Vincent Darius OP, NOW Grenada, 26 April
Caribbean Bishops meet , Catholic News (Trinidad and Tobago), 10 April (front page)
1955 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in New York (state)
Grenadian people
Roman Catholic bishops
Riverdance: The Animated Adventure

Riverdance: The Animated Adventure is a 2021 computer-animated movie.
Story
An Irish boy named Keegan (Sam Hardy) has a death in the family. His friend Moya (Hannah Herman Cortes) takes him to a magical world and teaches him about the Riverdance. Then Keegan saves the magical world from a pirate.
Critics
Kevin Courtney of The Irish Times said the actors spoke with good Irish accents. But he worried that the movie only shows Irish people living in perfect villages and dancing all the time. He said the movie is sometimes like a Failte Ireland tourism advertisement.
Dierdre Molumby of Entertainment said this movie is "exhaustingly bad".
References
Other websites
IMDB
2021 computer-animated movies
British animated movies
Irish movies
Dance movies
Ultratop

Ultratop is the name of the official Belgian record charts. Due to the two different regions (Flanders and Wallonia) there are two different record charts. In Flanders the most important charts are the Ultratop 50 Singles and the Ultratop 200 Albums. In Wallonia the most important charts are the Ultratop 40 Singles and the Ultratop 200 Albums. The rankings in these charts are based on record sales.
Belgian culture
Record charts
Alfredo Alcón

Alfredo Felix Alcon (; 3 March 1930 - 11 April 2014) was an Argentine theatre and movie actor. Alcon born in Buenos Aires. Widely considered one of the best, one of the most important and most acclaimed Argentine actors.
He worked in more than 50 movies. His first movie was, El amor nunca muere (Love Never Dies), in 1955.
He died in Buenos Aires at the age of 84 from a respiratory illness.
References
Other websites
1930 births
2014 deaths
Argentine stage actors
Argentine movie actors
Actors from Buenos Aires
Ar-Ramtha

Ar-Ramtha (), is a city located north of Jordan, in the Irbid Governorate near the border with Syriaj. The city's population reached 164,211 in 2017.
As for the population of Ramtha municipality, it is estimated at about 263,680 thousand people. Thus, it is the sixth largest municipality in Jordan after Greater Amman Municipality, Greater Irbid Municipality, Zarqa Municipality, Rusaifa Municipality and Mafraq Municipality.
References
Settlements in Jordan
River Goyt

The River Goyt is a tributary of the River Mersey in North West England. It starts on the moor near Buxton. It passes through two reservoirs. Then it reaches Whaley Bridge, New Mills (where it is joined by the River Sett) and Marple Bridge. It is joined by the River Etherow, the Goyt joins the River Tame at Stockport, forming the River Mersey.
It may have given its name to goitre, which used to be called Derbyshire Neck.
References
Goy
Derbyshire
Stockport, Greater Manchester
Carl Ferdinand Cori

Carl Ferdinand Cori (5 December, 1896 -- 20 October, 1984) was an Czech doctor. He won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with his wife Gerty Cori and Bernardo Houssay, for discovering the way the body processed glycogen and sugar.
References
Czechoslovak scientists
1896 births
1984 deaths
Kim Guadagno

Kimberly Ann Guadagno (born as Kimberly Ann McFadden on April 13, 1959) is an American attorney, politician, former prosecutor and sheriff. She was also the Lieutenant Governor of the U.S. State of New Jersey from 2010 through 2018.
Before Lieutenant Governor, Guadagno was also the Secretary of State in New Jersey.
She was the 2009 and 2013 running mate for New Jersey Governor Chris Christie.
Guadagno was born in Waterloo, Iowa. She moved to New Jersey around 1991.
Guadagno was a candidate for Governor of New Jersey in the 2017 gubernatorial election, but lost to Democrat Phil Murphy.
References
1959 births
Living people
Lawyers from Iowa
American police officers
Politicians from Iowa
Lieutenant Governors of New Jersey
People from Waterloo, Iowa
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from New Jersey
Lexie Feeney

Alexandra Feeney is an archer from Australia. Feeney competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She was born on 3 July 1989.
References
Other websites
1989 births
Living people
Australian archers
Australian Olympians
1869

1869 was a common year.
Events
The Periodic table was developed.
Births
January 1 - Sigma Nu, First Anti-Hazing Honor/Social Fraternity
January 4 - Tommy Corcoran, baseball player
January 10 - Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic
January 15 - Stanislaw Wyspianski, Polish dramatist, poet, painter, and architect
February 11 - Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts
February 14 - Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
March 3 - Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop
March 12 - George William Forbes, New Zealand Prime Minister and first leader of the New Zealand National Party
March 14 - Algernon Blackwood, English writer
March 18 - Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
April 2 - Hughie Jennings, baseball player
April 5,6 - Tom Adam, Named number one in the world
April 11 - Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor
April 27 - May Moss, Activist
May 5 - Hans Pfitzner, German composer
May 20 - John Stone Stone, American physicist and inventor
June 27 - Hans Spemann, German embryologist, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
August 10 - Lawrence Binyon, English poet and scholar
September 3 - Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
September 17 - Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, won the Nobel Peace Prize
September 21 - Carlo Airoldi, Italian marathon runner
September 23 - Mary Mallon, "Typhoid Mary"
October 2 - Mahatma Gandhi, Indian political leader, Father of the Nation
October 25 - John Heisman, American football coach
November 11 - Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, King)
November 25 - Herbert Greenfield, Premier of Alberta, Canada
December 16 - Hristo Tatarchev, Bulgarian revolutionary, leader of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia and Eastern Thrace
December 22 - Edwin Arlington Robinson, American poet
December 30 - Stephen Leacock, British-Canadian writer and economist
December 31 - Henri Matisse, French painter
Deaths
July 18 - Laurent Clerc, co-founder of the first American school for the deaf.
January 1 - Martin W. Bates, U.S. Senator from Delaware (b. 1786)
January 30 - William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
February 15 - Mirza Ghalib, poet of Urdu (b. 1796).
March 8 - Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)
March 24 - Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (b. 1779)
April 20 - Carl Loewe, German composer (b. 1796)
June 16 - Charles Sturt, Australian explorer (b. 1795)
June 20 - Hijikata Toshizou, Japanese military commander (b. 1835)
August 31 - Mary Ward (scientist), first car accident victim
September 12 - Peter Roget, British lexicographer (b. 1779)
October 13 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
October 23 - Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1799)
December 18 - Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American composer and pianist (b. 1829)
Hit songs
"Little Brown Jug" by R.E. Eastburn
"Now the Day is Over" by Joseph Barnby
"Shoo, Fly! Don't Bother Me!" by T. Bringham Bishop
"Sweet Genevieve" by Henry Tucker
Shaun Wright-Phillips

Shaun Wright-Phillips (born 25 October 1981) is an English footballer. He plays for Manchester City and England national team. He is the adopted son of Ian Wright.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="7"|Manchester City||Second Division||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1999/00||First Division||4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2000/01||Premier League||15||0||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2001/02||First Division||35||8||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||40||8
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Premier League||31||1||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||1
|-
|2003/04||34||7||4||1||2||2||6||1||46||11
|-
|2004/05||34||10||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||37||11
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Chelsea||rowspan="3"|Premier League||27||0||4||0||1||0||7||0||39||0
|-
|2006/07||27||2||7||3||3||0||7||1||44||6
|-
|2007/08||27||2||3||1||5||1||6||0||41||4
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Manchester City||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||5||1||0||0||0||9||3||36||8
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
260||35||24||5||22||4||35||5||341||49
260||35||24||5||22||4||35||5||341||49
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2004||3||1
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
|2006||4||0
|-
|2007||7||2
|-
|2008||4||1
|-
|2009||7||1
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||29||5
|}
References
1981 births
Living people
Black British sportspeople
British adoptees
Chelsea F.C. players
Footballers from London
Manchester City F.C. players
Premier League players
People from Greenwich
Voltage regulation

In electrical engineering, voltage regulation is a measure of the difference in voltage between the sending and receiving ends of a transmission system or distribution system. On one end of these systems is the source, where the power is received, and on the other end is the load, where the power is sent to. Voltage regulation involves measuring the difference in the voltage at each end.
Electric utility companies use some electrical equipment to maintain the voltage constant magnitude value transmitted or distributed along the power line, such as tap changer, voltage regulator, capacitor etc.
Electricity
Farges-en-Septaine

Farges-en-Septaine is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. About 999 people lived there in January 2019.
Population
References
Communes in Cher
Tsunami (Manic Street Preachers song)

"Tsunami" is a 1999 song by Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers and is the fourth and final single from their fifth studio album This Is My Truth Tell Me Yours. It went to number 11 in the United Kingdom, number 12 in Scotland, number 13 in Finland and number 24 in Ireland.
Track listing
All music was composed by James Dean Bradfield and Sean Moore except where indicated. All were lyrics written by Nick Jones except where indicated.
UK CD1
"Tsunami" - 3:50
"Buildings for Dead People" - 5:29
"A Design for Life" (video version) - 4:20
UK CD2
"Tsunami" - 3:50
"Tsunami" (Cornelius remix) - 4:04
"Tsunami" (Electron Ray Tube mix) - 6:43
UK cassette single
"Tsunami" - 3:50
"Motown Junk (Medley)" (live at the Tivoli in Utrecht, Netherlands, on 29 March 1999) (lyrics: Richey James, Jones) - 4:02
References
1999 songs
Manic Street Preachers songs
Bussoleno

Bussoleno is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Settlements in Piedmont
Shabbos goy

A Shabbos goy is a Gentile who is asked by a Jew to do something on the Sabbath or one of the Jewish holidays that halakha says Jews can't do on the Sabbath (or on the Jewish holidays).
Etymology
Shabbos is a Yiddish way of pronouncing the Hebrew word Shabbat meaning the Sabbath. In the Torah, goy is Hebrew for nation so the Almighty says He will make the Israelites into a "goy gadol" (a great nation). But because of that, the Tanakh also says "Israel ve'ha'goyim" meaning Israel and the nations with the word goyim, which means nations, implying the other nations. Because of that the word Goyim eventually started being used to mean Gentiles with Goy meaning Gentile. So that Shabbos Goy literally means Sabbath Gentile.
Judaism
Kirkville, Iowa

Kirkville is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Pratibha Patil

Pratibha Patil (born 19 December 1934) is an Indian politician. She was the first woman to become the President of India serving from 2007 through 2012. Before becoming President, she was the Governor of Rajasthan and served as that from 2004 to 2007. One of her many achievements is Order of Aztec Eagle which she received in 2019. It is Mexico's highest civilian award.
References
Presidents of India
Governors of Rajasthan
1934 births
Living people
Marathi people
Mouloud Achour

Mouloud Achour (19 March 1944 - 24 December 2020) was an Algerian writer, professor, and journalist.
Achour was a member and then chairman of the executive council of the Public Establishment of Television. He also directed the cabinet for the Ministry of Communications. He was editorial director of Casbah Editions in Algiers.
Achour died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 76.
References
1944 births
2020 deaths
Academics
Journalists
Algerian writers
Frost, Minnesota

Frost is a city in Faribault County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Entourage (TV series)

Entourage is an Emmy Award-winning HBO original series created by Doug Ellin. It was shown from 2004-2011. It chronicles the rise of Vincent Chase and his childhood friends from Queens, New York City as they navigate the unfamiliar terrain of Hollywood, California. Doug Ellin, Mark Wahlberg, and Stephen Levinson serve as the show's executive producers, and the show's premise is loosely based on Wahlberg's experiences as an up-and-coming movie star.
References
Other websites
2004 American television series debuts
2011 American television series endings
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American comedy-drama television series
HBO television series
Emmy Award winning programs
Television series set in Los Angeles
English-language television programs
Aina (movie)

Aina, () also known as The Mirror, is a 1974 Pakistani movie. It was directed by Nazr-ul-Islam. Singers are Nayyara Noor, Mehnaz and Alamgir. The movie starred Shabnam and Nadeem in the lead roles. It is the longest running Pakistani movie on record. The movie influenced many Indian directors such as Dharmesh Darshan's Raja Hindustani, Aziz Mirza's Chalte Chalte and Deepak Sareen's Aaina.
Pakistani movies
1974 movies
List of Scotland ODI cricketers

This list has all members of the Scotland cricket team who have played at least one ODI match after debuting at the 1999 Cricket World Cup.
Key
Players
Statistics are correct as of 21 February 2023.
Related pages
Twenty20 International
Scotland national cricket team
List of Scotland Twenty20 International cricketers
References
Lists of One Day International cricketers
Europe sport-related lists
Scotland-related lists
Cricket in Europe
Portrait of Douglass Morgan Hall

Portrait of Douglass Morgan Hall is an oil painting by Thomas Eakins. It was painted in 1889. It measures 61 x 50.8 cm (24 x 20 in). It hangs in the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Douglass Morgan Hall, the son of a Philadelphia ophthalmologist, studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1885-86. After Eakins's forced resignation from the Academy, Hall enrolled as one of his students at the Philadelphia Art Students League in 1887, remaining there until 1890.
American paintings
Paintings by Thomas Eakins
1880s paintings
St. Gabriel, Louisiana

St. Gabriel is a city in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Cities in Louisiana
Settlements in Iberville Parish, Louisiana
Colleges and universities in Georgia (U.S. state)

This is a list of colleges and universities in Georgia:
Public
Private
References
Georgia (U.S. state)-related lists
Lists of colleges and universities
Ferron, Utah

Ferron is a city in Emery County, Utah, United States.
Cities in Utah
Labour Party (Netherlands)

The Labour Party, Dutch: Partij van de Arbeid (shortened PvdA), is a Dutch political party.
The Labour Party is a social democratic party.
It was established in 1946 from a merger of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB), and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
Number of seats in the 2021 elections: 9 (0).
Political leaders
Willem Drees - 1946-1958
Jaap Burger - 1958-1962
Anne Vondeling - 1962-1966
Joop den Uyl - 1966-1986
Wim Kok - 1986-2001
Ad Melkert - 2001-2002
Wouter Bos - 2002-2010
Job Cohen - 2010-2012
Diederik Samsom - 2012-2016
Lodewijk Asscher - 2016-2021
Lilianne Ploumen - 2021-2022
Attje Kuiken - 2022- (actually only parliamentary leader)
Other websites
Website of the Labour Party
Social democratic parties in Europe
Political parties in the Netherlands
1946 establishments in the Netherlands
Yakubu Gowon

General Yakubu "Jack" Gowon (born 19 October 1934) is a Nigerian politician and general. He was the head of state of Nigeria from 1966 to 1975. He ruled during the deadly Nigerian Civil War. He took power after the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup and was overthrown in the 1975 Nigerian coup d'etat.
References
1934 births
Living people
Presidents of Nigeria
Nigerian generals
Ussaramanna

Ussaramanna (Soramanna) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 547 people lived there. Its area is 9.76 km2. It is 157 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Peng Shuai

Peng Shuai (; born 8 January 1986) is a Chinese professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 1 doubles by the WTA. She is the first Chinese tennis player to do so.
Peng has won two singles and 22 doubles titles. She won a gold medal at the 2010 Asian Games. At the 2013 Wimbledon Championships, Peng won her first ladies' doubles championship. She was born in Xiangtan, Hunan.
In November 2021, Peng accused former senior Chinese vice premier Zhang Gaoli of sexually assaulting her. She later disappeared and was censored Chinese government.
References
1986 births
Living people
Chinese sportspeople
Female tennis players
People from Hunan
Housing starts

Housing starts is an economic indicator that reflects the number of privately owned new houses (technically housing units) on which construction has been started in a given period.
References
economic theories
Economic indicators
Housing
Geber

Jabir ibn Hayyan (; ; died between 806 and 816), is the name for the writer of a great number of writings in Arabic. The writings together have the name Jabirian corpus. The most important subjects of these writings are: alchemy, cosmology, numerology, astrology, medicine, magic, mysticism, and philosophy.
Jabir's writings have in them the oldest known list of chemical substances. For the first time, the writings gave an explanation of how to produce an inorganic substance (ammonium chloride) from organic substances (such as plants, blood, and hair).
Modern scholars doubt the historical existence of Jabir. It is probable that one person did not write all of the writings in the Jabirian corpus. Instead, scholars see Jabir ibn Hayyan as a pseudonym that a group of writers used.
Translations into Latin of some of Jabir's Arabic writings (like the "Book of Mercy", and the "Book of Seventy") came into existence in the Middle Ages. In Latin, Jabir had the name "Geber", a transliteration of "Jabir".
In 13th-century Europe an anonymous writer, called pseudo-Geber, started to produce new writings about alchemy under the name Geber. People still read the in the 17th century. The was one of the writings that pseudo-Geber produced in the 13th century. It was an influence on early modern chemists like Robert Boyle (1627-1691).
References
Works cited
Chemists
Muslim scholars
Philosophers
Physicians
Physicists
Pharmacists
9th-century deaths
8th-century births
Charlie Brooker (ice hockey)

Charles Brooker (March 25, 1932 - December 18, 2020) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He competed in the 1956 Winter Olympics. Brooker was a member of the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen. He won the bronze medal for Canada in 1956 Winter Olympics.
Brooker died on 18 December 2020 at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
Charlie Brooker's profile at Sports Reference.com
1932 births
2020 deaths
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Canadian Olympic bronze medalists
Camp David Accords

The Camp David Accords were a pair of political agreements signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David, the country retreat of the President of the United States in Maryland.
The two framework agreements were signed at the White House and were witnessed by President Jimmy Carter. The second of these frameworks (A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel) led directly to the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty.
Due to the agreement, Sadat and Begin received the shared 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. The first framework (A Framework for Peace in the Middle East), which dealt with the Palestinian territories, was written without participation of the Palestinians and was condemned by the United Nations.
References
1978 in the United States
Jimmy Carter
Timothy Kraft

Timothy E. Kraft (born April 10, 1941) is a retired Democratic political consultant. He is best known as the campaign manager for the unsuccessful reelection bid of U.S. President Jimmy Carter. He was born in Noblesville, Indiana.
In September 1980, only weeks before the general election, he stepped down after it his cocaine was discovered.
References
1941 births
Living people
Jimmy Carter
American political commentators
Politicians from Indiana
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Mussaurus

Mussaurus (meaning "mouse lizard") was an early, plant-eating prosauropod dinosaur from the Upper Triassic, about 215 million years ago. It was found in southern Argentina. It gets its name from the small size of the skeletons first discovered.
They were large-eyed hatchlings (babies), only 9-16 inches long (18-37 cm); these are the smallest dinosaur skeletons yet found.
However, Mussaurus is now known from adult specimens. the name is something of a misnomer; adults possibly reached 3 m (10 ft) in length, and weighed . Mussaurus possesses anatomical features suggesting a close, possibly transitional evolutionary relationship with true sauropods.
References
Prosauropods
Erik M. Galimov

Erik Mikhaylovich Galimov (; 29 July 1936 - 24 November 2020) was a Russian geochemist and Doctor of Sciences. He was born in Vladivostok, Soviet Union.
He was Editor-in-Chief of the Russian journal Geochemistry from 2005 until his death. He was also academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1994 until his death. He was a Distinguished Professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Galimov died on 24 November 2020, aged 84.
References
1936 births
2020 deaths
Russian geologists
Russian chemists
Russian academics
Seattle

Seattle is the largest city in the U.S. state of Washington. It is the home of the Space Needle and a monorail, both of which were built for the 1962 World's Fair. It is also the American headquarters of Boeing, Starbucks coffee, Amazon.com and Nordstrom. In the 1960s and 1990s, music artists like Jimi Hendrix, Nirvana, Pearl Jam, and others from the city became popular. It is also the setting of the TV shows Here Come the Brides, Frasier, and Grey's Anatomy.
Seattle has many sports teams, including the Seattle Mariners (baseball), the Seattle Seahawks (American football), the Seattle Kraken (ice hockey), the Sounders FC (soccer), and the Seattle Storm (women's basketball). Seattle has a lot of water around it, with Puget Sound and the Pacific Ocean to the west and Lake Washington to the east. About 750,000 people live in the city. More than 4,000,000 (4 million) people live in the city or near it.
Seattle is home to many colleges and universities. The most notable of these are, University of Washington, and Seattle University.
Seattle has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb in the Koppen climate classification).
Other websites
Official website
County seats in Washington (state)
1869 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
Corning, Arkansas

Corning is a city in the US state of Arkansas. It is in Clay County.
Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Terry Sylvester

Terry Sylvester's career started as a member of The Escorts, based in Liverpool, England. He left the Escorts in 1966 to join The Swinging Blue Jeans. In 1968, he joined the Hollies after Graham Nash left to create the band Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. Sylvester left the Hollies in 1981.
English musicians
Chloe (movie)

Chloe is a 2009 American-Canadian-French erotic drama mystery movie. This movie is about the title character doing business as a call girl. Amanda Seyfried plays the title character. Julianne Moore plays gynecologist Catherine. Liam Neeson plays Catherine's husband David, who is a college professor.
This movie was released on March 26, 2010 in the United States. The movie got mixed reviews.
2009 drama movies
2000s LGBT movies
Adultery in movies
American drama movies
American erotic movies
American LGBT movies
American movie remakes
Canadian drama movies
English-language movies
French drama movies
LGBT drama movies
LGBT erotic movies
Movies about prostitution
NC-17 rated movies
Toronto
American independent movies
2000s erotic movies
Multituberculate

The multituberculates were a group of rodent-like mammals which survived for about 166 million years - the longest fossil history of any mammal line.
They were eventually outcompeted by rodents, becoming extinct during the late Eocene.
At least 200 species are known, ranging from mouse-sized to beaver-sized. These species occupied many ecological niches, ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like tree-dwelling.
Multituberculates are usually placed outside both the two main groups of living mammals, the Theria (placentals and marsupials), and monotremes. Some cladistic analyses put them closer to Theria than to monotremes.
Biology
The multituberculates had a head anatomy similar to rodents. They had cheek-teeth separated from the chisel-like front teeth by a wide tooth-less gap (called the diastema). Each cheek-tooth displayed several rows of small cusps (or tubercles, hence the name) which worked against similar rows in the teeth of the jaw. It was an efficient chopping device.
Most small multituberculates would have eaten seeds and nuts, supplemented with insects, worms, and fruit.
The structure of the pelvis in the Multituberculata suggests that they gave birth to tiny helpless young, similar to modern marsupials.
References
Mammals
Fossils
Julia Michaels

Julia Cavassos (better known as Julia Michaels; born November 13, 1993) is an American singer and songwriter. She is best known for her single "Issues". The song peaked at #11 on the United States Billboard Hot 100. It was marked double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
Michaels' EP album, Nervous System, was released on July 28, 2017.
Her second single is "Uh Huh". This song was released on June 2, 2017.
Michaels said her inspirations were Fiona Apple, Laura Marling and Paramore.
Michaels was born in Davenport, Iowa. She later moved to Santa Clarita, California, a suburb of Los Angeles.
References
Musicians from California
singers from California
Writers from California
Musicians from Iowa
Writers from Iowa
Singers from Iowa
American dancers
American pop singers
American pop musicians
American guitarists
American pianists
American singer-songwriters
people from Davenport, Iowa
1993 births
living people
Gerhard Weber (designer)

Gerhard Weber (3 June 1941 - 24 September 2020) was a German fashion designer and entrepreneur. He founded Gerry Weber, a fashion manufacturer and retailer in Halle, North Rhine-Westphalia. He sponsored sports, especially tennis, and built a stadium named after the company. Weber was born in Halle.
Weber died on 24 September 2020 in Munster, Germany at the age of 79.
References
German fashion designers
German businesspeople
1941 births
2020 deaths
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
Virgil van Dijk

Virgil van Dijk (born 8 July 1991) is a Dutch professional footballer. He plays as a centre-back for Premier League club Liverpool and the Netherlands national team. He was born in Breda, North Brabant.
Van Dijk began his career with Dutch team Groningen. He played there between 2011 and 2013. Then he moved to Scottish Premiership team Celtic. He won two league titles and a Scottish League Cup in both his seasons at Celtic. In 2015, he moved to Southampton of the Premier League. On 1 January 2018, van Dijk joined Liverpool.
Club career statistics
International career statistics
As of match played on 16 November 2019. Netherlands score listed first, score column indicates score after each Van Dijk goal.
Honours
Club
Celtic
Scottish Premiership: 2013-14, 2014-15
Scottish League Cup: 2014-15
Liverpool
UEFA Champions League: 2018-19; runner-up: 2017-18
UEFA Super Cup: 2019
FIFA Club World Cup: 2019
Netherlands
UEFA Nations League runner-up: 2018-19
References
Other websites
Profile at the Liverpool F.C. website
1991 births
Living people
Liverpool F.C. players
Footballers from Breda
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands

Saint Croix (; ; ) is an island in the Caribbean Sea. It is a county and a district of the United States Virgin Islands. It is the largest of the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Other websites
United States Virgin Islands
Tricity

Triciti (Polish Trojmiasto) is the unofficial name of an urban area with 3 cities: Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot in Pomeranian Voivodeship. Tricity is a big centre for tourism.
Cities in Poland
Victor Gnanapragasam

Father Victor Gnanapragasam O.M.I. (November 21, 1940 - December 12, 2020) was a Sri Lankan Roman Catholic prelate. He was the first prefect of the Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan from 2001 until his death. Gnanapragasam was born in Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
Gnanapragasam died on December 12, 2020 from a heart attack at the age of 80.
References
1940 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Sri Lankan people
Roman Catholic priests
Kick

In hand-to-hand combat, in martial arts and sports, a kick is a blow with the foot, the knee or the leg. It is used in combat as an attack. Generally, the kicks are slower than the punches although stronger than the blows with hands.
The kicks are a fundamental part in many martial arts. The examples are: wushu, karate, kickboxing, tangsudo or taekwondo; whereas other arts do not use any kick, as it is in the case of judo or of boxing. Other martial arts can use kicks, although they limit them to attacks to the legs and to the lower parts of the body of the opponent.
There exists a great number of kicks, and a lot of them have typical names for each one. Frequently the same movement has different names in different martial arts. This is obvious especially when comparisons are done between western arts and oriental arts.
Example in kickboxing
Usual kicks
Front kick: hips facing the target. It is in "penetrating" form, in "pushing" form (Push kick, Pushing kick) or in "snapping" form (Front snap kick).
Side kick or lateral kick: hips directed sideways to the target - It is in "penetrating" form.
Semicircular kick: also roundhouse kick of 45 degrees. Kick of the category of the techniques named circular kicks. They are performed with the hips facing the target from a pendulum movement of the lower member all around of the hip (movement of closing of the thigh on the trunk) which can be combined a live extension of the knee. To the image of the roundhouse kicks, takes into consideration usually the side targets of the body.
Roundhouse kick or circular kick: in low line or low kick , of middle height (level of the trunk) or middle kick and in high line (level of the head) or high kick.
Hook kick: hips facing the target or directed sideways to the target.
Back kick: hips with back towards the target.
Sweeping: kick of sweeping only on the boxing shoe (or the foot). Main forms: spoon sweeping or hook sweeping. There exist the turning sweepings (type "roundhouse kick") and spinning (type spinning hook kick).
(1) The front kicks and side kicks, in "penetrating" form, on the lower member are entitled between the professionals especially for certain titles, but not in all the lands.
(2) There exist numerous hybrid kicks, such as the "side-front" que the "side kick" with the hips rather frontal what allows an instant connection of the techniques of fist much useful in active defense
Less practised kicks
Category of the straight-legged kicks, called stick kick:
Crescent kick: hips facing the target.
Descending kick (hammer kick or axe kick): carried with the heel.
Spinning and jumping kicks
Spinning hook kick.
Spinning side kick.
Spinning back kick.
Jumping front kick.
Jumping roundhouse kick.
Jumping side kick.
Jumping back kick.
(*) Certain techniques can be spinning and jumping at the same time.
Other websites
www.kajukenbo.info (Kicking Philosophies and Techniques)
Kinematic analysis of crescent kick in taekwondo
World amateur sport Kickboxing Organization (W.A.S.K.O. ) - & kickboxing
various kick techniques
Basic English 850 words
Sports
Panther

Panther can mean
A black panther or white panther, which is a name for a leopard or jaguar with black or white fur.
Any animal which belongs to the genus Panthera (e.g. lion) or the subfamily Pantherinae.
In different regions different felines are also called panther: the leopard in Asia and Africa, the jaguar in South America, and the puma in North America (especially the ones that live in Florida, USA).
All these animals belong to the Felidae family.
National symbols of Gabon
Beilngries

Beilngries (; ) is a town in the district of Eichstatt, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Altmuhl and the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal, 30 km north of Ingolstadt.
References
Eichstatt (district)
Java

Java () is one of the Sunda islands of Indonesia.
Geography
The area is 132,000 square km. It is the world's 13th largest island. Around 140 million people live there, which is half the people in Indonesia and more than on any other island in the world. Most of them speak the Javanese language and many also speak other languages.
The Java Sea is to the north, the Indian Ocean south. The capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta, is in Java.
Climate
Most of Java has a tropical monsoon climate (Am in the Koeppen climate classification). The northern coast of the island is low-lying. The soil is fertile, because the island was made by volcanoes. It is an important area for growing crops in Indonesia.
Religion
The majority religion in Java island is Islam. Majority of the Javanese are Muslim and they follow the branch of Sunni Islam.
Gallery
Related pages
List of Javanese people
Sources
Marian Leszczyński

Marian Leszczynski was a rower from Poland. Leszczynski competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born on 8 December 1936 and died on 31 December 2020.
References
Other websites
1936 births
2020 deaths
Polish rowers
Polish Olympians
Takuro Yajima

Takuro Yajima (born 28 March 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kawasaki Frontale.
Club career statistics
|-
|2004||Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||19||3||3||4||5||1||colspan="2"|-||27||8
|-
|2007||26||7||3||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||34||7
|-
|2008||24||5||3||0||6||1||colspan="2"|-||33||6
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||14||2||2||2||1||0||1||0||18||4
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
84||17||11||6||17||2||1||0||113||25
84||17||11||6||17||2||1||0||113||25
|}
References
Kawasaki Frontale
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Shiga Prefecture
Kerckhoffs's principle

Kerckhoffs's principle (axiom, or law) is an idea in cryptography. It was stated by Dutch cryptographer Auguste Kerckhoffs in the 19th century. It is:
"A cryptosystem should be secure even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge".
Kerckhoffs's principle was more briefly stated by American mathematician Claude Shannon as "the enemy knows the system", that is, "one ought to design systems under the assumption that the enemy will immediately gain full familiarity with them". In that form, it is called Shannon's maxim. It is opposite to the idea of "security through obscurity".
More details
The system must be practically, if not mathematically, indecipherable;
It should not require secrecy, and it should not be a problem if it falls into enemy hands;
It must be possible to communicate and remember the key without using written notes, and correspondents must be able to change or modify it at will;
It must be applicable to telegraph communications;
It must be portable, and should not require several persons to handle or operate;
Lastly, given the circumstances in which it is to be used, the system must be easy to use and should not be stressful to use or require its users to know and comply with a long list of rules.
Some are no longer relevant given the ability of computers to perform complex encryption. The second axiom, Kerckhoffs's principle, is still vitally important.
References
Cryptography
High Stakes & Dangerous Men (abum)

High Stakes & Dangerous Men is the thirteenth album by British hard rock band UFO. It was released in February 1992.
References
1992 albums
Periodic table (metals and non-metals)

Color coding for atomic numbers:
Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP);
those in green are gases at STP;
those in black are solid at STP;
those in red are synthetic (all are predicted to be solid at STP).
those in gray have not yet been discovered (they also have muted filled colors indicating the likely chemical series they would fall under).
Related pages
Periodic table
Periodic table
Goesdorf

Goesdorf () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Wiltz.
As of 2019, 1,542 people lived here.
Communes of Luxembourg
Headrest

A headrest is something which supports the head. It is usually a suitably shaped part of the back of a chair or of a front seat in a car.
It is designed to support passenger's shoulder part and neck to prevent whiplash in cases of crash at the rear.
Auto parts
The Middle (TV series)

The Middle is an American sitcom that was first broadcast on September 30, 2009, on the ABC network, and ended on May 22, 2018.
2000s American sitcoms
2010s American sitcoms
English-language television programs
ABC network series
Krün

Krun is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.
References
Other websites
Official website
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)
Booneville, Kentucky

Booneville is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
2016 Conservative Party leadership election

The 2016 Conservative Party leadership election happened after Prime Minister David Cameron's decided he didn't want to be party leader anymore. He had resigned following the national referendum to leave the European Union. Cameron, who supported Britain's continued membership of the EU, announced his resignation on 24 June, saying that he would step down by October. Theresa May won the contest on 11 July 2016, after the withdrawal of Andrea Leadsom left her as the sole candidate.
Five Conservative MPs were candidates: Justice Secretary Michael Gove, Work and Pensions Secretary Stephen Crabb, former Defence Secretary Liam Fox, Minister of State for Energy and Climate Change Andrea Leadsom, and Home Secretary Theresa May. Previous Mayor of London Boris Johnson, chose not to run even though some people thought he could win.
In the first-round vote, May, got the support of half of Conservative MPs. Leadsom got the second most amount of votes. Leadsom left the contest on 11 July. May was made party leader later that day, and Prime Minister on 13 July. She put Boris Johnson, Fox and Leadsom to her cabinet.
If Leadsom didn't leave, Conservative Party members would have directly elected a new Prime Minister for the first time.
References
Conservative Party leadership election
Conservative Party (UK)
List of oil-producing nations

This is a partial list of states that extract crude oil from oil wells.
Africa
Nigeria
Sudan
Equatorial Guinea
Asia
China
Russia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Europe
Bulgaria
North Sea oil:
United Kingdom
Norway
Denmark
Ireland
North America
United States of America
Texas
Alaska
California
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Kansas
New York
Michigan
Pennsylvania (the birthplace of the U.S. oil industry)
Illinois
Canada
Alberta
Saskatchewan
Ontario (the birthplace of the Canadian oil industry)
Newfoundland
Mexico
Persian Gulf
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
South America
Argentina
Barbados
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Cuba
Ecuador
Guatemala
Peru
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Venezuela
Other websites
Table of oil producers
http://www.ott.doe.gov/facts/archives/fotw125.shtml
http://www.ott.doe.gov/facts/archives/fotw117.shtml
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/reserves.html
Lists of countries
Moncheaux-lès-Frévent

Moncheaux-les-Frevent is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Bonnieux

Bonnieux is a commune of 1,417 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Communes in Vaucluse
Susan Ann Sulley

Susan Ann Sulley (sometimes known as Susan Ann Gayle; born 22 March 1963) is a British singer-songwriter. She began singing at age 17. She worked with The Human League and had major hit singles with them, including "Human" in 1986. Sulley was born in Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.
References
1963 births
Living people
English pop musicians
English singers
Musicians from Sheffield
New wave singers
Washington Capitals

The Washington Capitals are an American ice hockey team in Washington, DC. They are a part of the National Hockey League (NHL). They won the Stanley Cup in 2018.
References
Other websites
Official website
Dacre

Dacre is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1,326 people living in Dacre.
References
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Villages in Cumbria
Eden
Hartenstein, Saxony

Hartenstein is a town in the rural district Zwickau, in Saxony, Germany. It is located on the river Zwickauer Mulde, 14 km southeast of Zwickau. Hartenstein has about 5,000 Inhabitants.
Population
References
Other websites
Zwickau Rural District
Sweetwater, Texas

Sweetwater is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Nolan County.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Villardebelle

Villardebelle is a commune of 53 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Centerville, Utah

Centerville is a city in Davis County, Utah, United States.
Cities in Utah
Sensory memory

Sensory memory (SM) is an automatic response, not under conscious control. It deals with the input from the senses. The information people received which is stored in sensory memory is just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory.
The information in SM is the "raw data" of a person's overall sensory experience. There are four common features to all forms of SM:
The formation of a SM trace is independent of attention to the stimulus.
The information stored in SM is modality specific. This means for example, that echoic memory is only for storing auditory information, and haptic memory is only for storing tactile information.
Each SM store has an immense amount of detail.
Each SM trace is very brief and lasts a very short period of time. Once the SM trace has decayed or is replaced by a new memory, the information stored is no longer accessible and is ultimately lost.
The SM is made up of stores of different kinds of information. Each has different rates of information processing and decay. Genetics also plays a role in SM capacity.
References
Memory
Fall River (South Dakota)

Fall River is a river of Fall River County in the state of South Dakota, in the United States.
Rivers of South Dakota