pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
North Gyeongsang Province

North Gyeongsang Province () is a province in South Korea. Gyeongsang Province divided into North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang in 1896.
Daegu was the capital from 1896 to 1981, but Daegu left the province in 1981. The capital changed to Andong in 2016.
North Gyeongsang Province has 19% of South Korea's land.
History
Gyeongsang Province was Jinhan and Byeonhan's territory in ancient times. Later Jinhan became Gaya and Byeonhan became Silla. Since Silla conquered Gaya, all of Gyeongsang Province became Silla's. When Silla collapsed and Goryeo was founded, Dongnambuseosa was established in the Gyeongsang area and it ruled the province. From Goryeo King Hyeonjong's period, the province started to be called Gyeongsang Province. In the Joseon Dynasty, which was founded after Goryeo, Gyeongsang Province was divided into Left Gyeongsang and Right Gyeongsang. In 1895, Gyeongsang Province was replaced by 4 districts. Later, in 1896, the districts were abolished, and today's North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang were formed. In 1981 Daegu Metropolitan City separated from the province. In 2023, very bad flooding happened there.
Administrative Districts
Currently, North Gyeongsang has 10 cities (si) and 13 counties (gun).
References
Provinces of South Korea
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire was a fire that happened on March 25, 1911. The fire happened in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory. This factory was on the higher floors of the Asch Building in Manhattan, New York City. The fire stopped after 20 minutes. 146 workers died.
The company's owners, Max Blanck and Isaac Harris, survived the fire by going to the building's roof when the fire started. They were indicted on charges of first and second-degree manslaughter in mid-April. Their trial began on December 4, 1911. Max Steuer was the lawyer for the defendants. He asked one of the survivors, Kate Alterman, to repeat her testimony many times. She repeated it without changing what she said. Steuer told the jury that Alterman and other witnesses had been told what to say by their lawyer. The prosecution said that Blanck and Harris knew the factory doors were locked during the fire. Detectives found that the locks were locked while people were working. The defense said that the prosecution failed to prove that the owners knew that. The jury acquitted the two men of first- and second-degree manslaughter. They were found liable of wrongful death during a civil suit in 1913. In this suit, plaintiffs were given $75 per person that died in the fire. An insurance company paid Blanck and Harris about $60,000 more than the reported losses. This was about $400 per dead person. In 1913, Blanck was once again arrested for locking the door in his factory while people were working. He was fined $20. This was the smallest amount of money the fine could be.
Because of the lax labor laws at the time, this tragedy paved the way for the rise of factory workers safety protections and the formation of workers Unions such as the International Ladies Garment Union.
Max Steuer died on August 21, 1940 in Jackson, New Hamsphire.
Max Blanck also called Norman Max Blanc died July 10, 1942 in Califrnia.
Isaac Harris died 1954 in California
References
1911
20th century in New York City
Building and structure fires in the United States
Feminism
History of Manhattan
Organizations in New York City
Norfork, Arkansas

Norfork is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Sars-Poteries

Sars-Poteries is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,437 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Vanderburgh County, Indiana

Vanderburgh County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 179,703 people lived there which makes it the seventh-largest county by population in the state. The county seat is Evansville. It is also the eighth-smallest county by area in Indiana. The county was founded on January 7, 1818.
References
1818 establishments in Indiana
Indiana counties
Palate

The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals. It separates the oral cavity (mouth) from the nasal cavity.
A similar structure is found in crocodilia, but, in most other tetrapods, the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separate.
The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior bony hard palate, and the posterior fleshy soft palate or velum.
The hard palate is formed before birth. If the fusion is not complete, it is called a cleft palate. This is a birth or congenital defect.
As the roof of the mouth was once considered the seat of the sense of taste, palate can also refer to this sense itself, as in the phrase "a discriminating palate". By further extension, the flavour of a food (particularly beer or wine) may be called its palate.
References
Bones
Head (body part)
Jim Bridwell

Jim Bridwell (July 29, 1944 - February 16, 2018) was an American rock climber and mountaineer. He was active from 1965 until his death in 2018. He especially performed in Yosemite Valley, but also in Patagonia and Alaska. He was known for pushing the standards of both free climbing and big-wall climbing, and later alpine climbing. He has written many articles on climbing for leading sport publications.
Bridwell died in Palm Desert, California on February 16, 2018 from complications of hepatitis C at the age of 73.
References
1944 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from hepatitis
Infectious disease deaths in California
Sportspeople from California
Writers from California
Thaxted

Thaxted is a town in Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2,576 people living in Thaxted.
References
Towns in Essex
Uttlesford
Duranus

Duranus is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Men and Beasts

Men and Beasts () is a 1962 Soviet-German drama movie directed by Sergei Gerasimov. It stars Nikolai Yeremenko Sr., Tamara Makarova, and Zhanna Bolotova.
Actors
Nikolai Yeremenko Sr. as Alexei Ivanovic Pavlov
Tamara Makarova as Anna Andreevna
Zhanna Bolotova as Tanya
Tatyana Gavrilova
Karla Assmus as Annemarie
Fredy Barten as Koch
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1962 movies
Soviet drama movies
Dave Franco

David John "Dave" Franco (born June 12, 1985) is an American television and movie actor. He is best known for his roles in 21 Jump Street, Charlie St. Cloud, Easy A, Fright Night, Now You See Me, Warm Bodies, Scrubs, and in Neighbors. He is the younger brother of actor James Franco and Tom Franco.
References
Other websites
1985 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Santa Clara County, California
People from Palo Alto, California
Enoshima

is a small island in Sagami Bay on the Pacific Coast of the Japanese island of Honshu. It is part of Fujisawa in Kanagawa Prefecture.
Enoshima has an area of about 0.2 km2. It is linked to the mainland by a bridge.
The island is at the mouth of the Katase River.
In 1927, Enoshima was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best showed Japan and its culture in the Showa period.
History
1047 (Eisho 2): Enoshima Engi was written by the Buddhist monk Kokei. The work is a history of the shrines on the island.
1182 (Juei 1): Minamoto no Toritomo gave a statue to the Benzaiten shrine on the island.
1325 (Shochu 2): Shojoko-ji was established. It is the Buddhist temple on the island.
1874 (Meiji 7): Samuel Cocking developed botanical gardens.
1964 (Showa 39): Sailing competitions during the 1964 Summer Olympics were scheduled near the island.
Related pages
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
Shonan
References
Other websites
Enoshima Shrine
Enoshima Engi
Islands of Japan
Breuil-Barret

Breuil-Barret is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Communes in Vendee
Aldo Maldera

Aldo Maldera (born 14 October, 1953 - 1 August, 2012) was a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1971-72||rowspan="2"|Milan||rowspan="2"|Serie A||1||0
|-
|1972-73||0||0
|-
|1972-73||Bologna||Serie A||3||0
|-
|1973-74||rowspan="9"|Milan||rowspan="7"|Serie A||18||1
|-
|1974-75||13||0
|-
|1975-76||27||1
|-
|1976-77||29||2
|-
|1977-78||28||8
|-
|1978-79||30||9
|-
|1979-80||28||4
|-
|1980-81||Serie B||27||3
|-
|1981-82||Serie A||27||2
|-
|1982-83||rowspan="3"|Roma||rowspan="3"|Serie A||26||1
|-
|1983-84||25||5
|-
|1984-85||22||0
|-
|1985-86||rowspan="2"|Fiorentina||rowspan="2"|Serie A||3||0
|-
|1986-87||15||0
322||40
322||40
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1976||1||0
|-
|1977||2||0
|-
|1978||4||0
|-
|1979||3||0
|-
!Total||10||0
|}
References
1953 births
2012 deaths
Italian footballers
Working on It

"Working on It" is a 1989 song by English singer Chris Rea and taken from his compilation album New Light Through Old Windows. It went to number 53 in the United Kingdom and number 73 in the United States. It was used in the 1994 movie Camp Nowhere.
Track listing
7" single (US release)
"Working on It" - 3:47
"Loving You Again" (Live Version) - 5:20
7" single (UK/European release)
"Working on It" - 4:24
"One Golden Rule" - 4:29
7" single (Australian release)
"Working on It" - 4:24
"Driving Home for Christmas" - 3:58
7" single (US promo)
"Working on It" - 3:47
"Working on It" - 3:47
12" single (UK/European release)
"Working on It" (Extended Mix) - 5:55
"One Golden Rule" - 4:29
Cassette single
"Working on It" (Edit) - 3:47
"Loving You Again" (Live Version) - 5:20
CD single (German release)
"Working on It" - 4:25
"Working on It" (Extended Mix) - 5:55
"One Golden Rule" - 4:30
"Stainsby Girls" - 4:07
CD single (US release)
"Working on It" (LP Version) - 4:24
References
1989 songs
Chris Rea songs
Sennfeld

Sennfeld is a municipality in Schweinfurt in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Schweinfurt (district)
La Chaîne Disney

La Chaine Disney is a Canadian French language channel. It is owned by Teletoon Canada, Inc.
Canadian television channels
Akhi Alamgir

Akhi Alamgir () (born January 7, 1975) is a Bangladeshi singer and actress. She won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Child Artist for her performance in the movie Bhat De (1984) and Best Female Playback Singer for the movie Ekti Cinemar Golpo (2018) by Bangladesh government. According to 2016, she has released 18 albums. She is the daughter of actor-director Alamgir.
References
Bangladeshi singers
1975 births
Living people
Car, Violin and Blot the Dog

Car, Violin and Blot the Dog () is a 1974 Soviet family movie directed by Rolan Bykov. It stars Oleg Anofriev, Rolan Bykov, and Georgiy Vitsin.
Actors
Oleg Anofriev as Electric guitar / Accordion
Rolan Bykov as Conductor / driver Leonid Lomakin / old deaf-mute lady Marya Fyodorovna
Georgiy Vitsin as Banjo / Guitar
Zinoviy Gerdt as Drums / David's grandfather / David's father
Nikolay Grinko as Contrabass / Oleg's father
Mikhail Kozakov as Violin / Bass guitar / Tall cook
Aleksei Smirnov as Helicon / Plump cook / house manager Ferdyshenko
References
Other websites
1974 movies
1970s family movies
Soviet family movies
Movies directed by Rolan Bykov
Breast reduction

Breast reduction is a plastic surgery to make human breasts smaller. The doctor takes out fat, skin, and glands. It is done on women most of the time, but men can also get it. In 2005, more than 113,000 women had breast reductions.
Aside from aesthetic reasons, many women choose to undergo breast reduction surgery to help reduce back strain, skin irritation, or breathing problems caused by large breasts.
References
Surgery
Breasts
Wi Ha-joon

Wi Ha-jun (Korean: wihajun; born Wi Hyun-yi Korean: wihyeoni; August 5, 1991) is an actor and model from South Korea. He is famous for his roles in such films as Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum (2018), Shark: The Beginning (2021) and Midnight (2021).
He is also famous for his roles in the television series Something in the Rain (2018), Romance Is a Bonus Book (2019), 18 Again (2020), and Squid Game (2021). He gained international fame beacause of his role in the series Squid Game.
Early life
Wi Ha-jun was born on August 5, 1991 on the island of Soando, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. He grew up on his family's abalone farm.
He studied in Sungkyul University, majoring in theatre and film.
References
Living people
Actors from Seoul
1991 births
South Korean models
South Korean television actors
South Korean movie actors
Friedrich Kurrent

Friedrich Kurrent (10 September 1931 - 10 January 2022) was an Austrian architect, academic and author. He was a professor at the Technical University of Munich. He was a member of the Bayerische Akademie der Schonen Kunste. He was born in Hintersee, First Austrian Republic.
Kurrent died on 10 January 2022 in Vienna, at the age of 90.
References
1931 births
2022 deaths
Austrian architects
Austrian academics
Austrian writers
Carmine (color)

Carmine is the general term for a particularly deep red color. Some rubies are colored the color shown in the color chart below as rich carmine. The deep red color shown at right as carmine is the color of the raw unprocessed pigment, but lighter, richer, or brighter colors are produced when the raw pigment is processed, some of which are shown below.
The color carmine comes from the pigment carmine, which is a deep red color obtained from the carminic acid produced by some scale insects, such as the cochineal and the Polish cochineal, and is used as a general term for a particularly deep red color. The pigment carmine is used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, paints, rouge, yogurt, cosmetics, food additives, and crimson ink.
The first recorded use of carmine as a color name in English was in 1523.
Meaning of carmine
Since carmine is the color of dried blood, the color is sometimes used to represent crime.
In the Star Trek TV show, the person who the script dictated was to be killed was usually chosen from the engineering part of the crew of the starship Enterprise, who wore carmine red shirts. As a result, the redshirt is the actor playing the character in a TV Show or movie who the script dictates is to be killed.
Tones of carmine color comparison chart
Related pages
List of colors
References
Roquefeuil, Aude

Roquefeuil is a commune of 289 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
References
Communes in Aude
Jesús Franco

Jesus "Jess" Franco (Jesus Franco Manera; 12 May 1930 - 2 April 2013) was a Spanish movie director, screenwriter, cinematographer, and actor. His directing career began with the 1961 movie The Awful Dr. Orloff. He was known for his more than 160 movies including Necronomicon (1967), A Virgin Among the Living Dead (1971) and two Christopher Lee movies, The Bloody Judge and Count Dracula. Many of his films were pornographic in nature, and most of them were never dubbed in English.
Franco was born on 12 May 1930 in Madrid, Spain. He was married to Nicole Guettard from 1962 to 1980, and to Lina Romay from 2008 until his death 2013. He had no children. Franco died on 2 April 2013 in a hospital in Malaga, Spain from a stroke, aged 82.
References
Other websites
http://www.santoandfriends.com (Hispanic horror film index)
1930 births
2013 deaths
Cinematographers
Deaths from stroke
Entertainers from Madrid
Movie editors
Spanish movie actors
Spanish movie directors
Spanish movie producers
Spanish screenwriters
Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)

Heinrich Muller was a high-ranking German Schutzstaffel (SS) and police official during the Nazi era.
Other websites
Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group: RG 263 Detailed Report, Heinrich Mueller
1900 births
Year of death unknown
Directors of German intelligence agencies
German military personnel of World War I
German Roman Catholics
Gestapo people
Holocaust perpetrators
People from Munich
Ford County, Kansas

Ford County (county code FO) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 33,848 people lived there. Its county seat is Dodge City. Dodge City is also the biggest city in Ford County. The county is named after Colonel James Hobart Ford.
Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.07%) is water.
People
The Dodge City Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Ford County.
The 2010 census says that there were 33,848 people, 10,852 households, and 7,856 families living in Ford County. 75.3% of the people were White, 2.1% were Black or African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 17.8% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 51.2% of the population.
Government
Presidential elections
Ford County has been strongly Republican for most of its history, especially in recent elections. Only eight Democratic presidential candidates from 1888 to the present day have won the county. The most recent winner being Jimmy Carter in 1976.
Laws
Ford County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was changed in 1986. The changed allowed liquor to be sold.
References
Kansas counties
1867 establishments in Kansas
Thimble

A thimble is a small, hard cup. People wear one on their finger for protection from the needle when sewing.
Needlework
State Line, Idaho

State Line is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Hurricane Delta

Hurricane Delta was an Atlantic tropical cyclone in October 2020. The hurricane struck the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. It later threatened east central Louisiana and western Mississippi. Delta's winds peaked near 145 miles an hour.
The storm also threatened the western Caribbean islands, including the Cayman Islands, Cuba and Jamaica.
Tropical cyclone warnings and watches were put up for Mexico, the Cayman Islands and Cuba.
References
2020 disasters in the United States
Hurricanes in Mexico
Hurricanes in the United States
October 2020 events
2020 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
Fandango (1985 movie)

Fandango is a 1985 American road comedy movie directed by Kevin Reynolds and starring Kevin Costner, Suzy Amis, Judd Nelson, Sam Robards, Chuck Bush, Glenne Headly, E. G. Dailly. It was distributed by Warner Bros..
Other websites
1985 comedy movies
1980s road movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Kevin Reynolds
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in Texas
Warner Bros. movies
List of countries in the 1900s

Sovereign states
Non-sovereign territories
United Kingdom
- Cape of Good Hope
Fiji - Colony of Fiji
New South Wales - Colony of New South Wales
New Zealand - Colony of New Zealand
Queensland - Colony of Queensland
Tasmania - Colony of Tasmania
Victoria - Colony of Victoria
Notes
References
1900s
Lists of countries in the 20th century
Ferran Adria

Ferran Adria Acosta (b. May 14, 1962) is a Spanish chef. He was born in l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia. Adria started out washing dishes at a restaurant in the town of Castelldefels. There the chef taught him the basics. He then worked at different restaurants before becoming assistant chef at the Barcelona restaurant, Finisterre. Now Adria is the chef at El Bulli, a restaurant on the coast of Catalonia. In 1997, El Bulli got its third Michelin star. It was one of only three restaurants in Spain with this ranking.
Adria is considered one of the best chefs in the world.
References
Other websites
Great Chefs Biography
About.com Biography
Interview with The Guardian
1962 births
Living people
Chefs
Spanish businesspeople
Pierre Nkurunziza

Pierre Nkurunziza (18 December 1964 - 8 June 2020) was the President of Burundi. He began his term as President in 2005. He replaced Domitien Ndayizeye.
Before he was President, Nkurunziza was an activist for freedom fighting. His father was also a politician in Burundi.
Nkurunziza was hospitalized on 6 June 2020 after feeling unwell in Karuzi, Burundi. He later had a heart attack on two days later and died at the age of 55.
References
1963 births
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Burundi
2020 deaths
Underdogs (song)

"Underdogs" is a 2007 song by Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers. It is the first single from their eighth studio album Send Away the Tigers. The outro is likened to Alice Cooper, The Stooges and Iggy Pop. It was only available as a digital download.
References
2007 songs
Punk rock songs
Manic Street Preachers songs
Maroa, Illinois

Maroa is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
Sergio Rossi (shoe designer)

Sergio Rossi (31 July 1935 - 2 April 2020) was an Italian shoe designer. He founded his own brand in 1951. Sergio Rossi produced women's footwear as well as handbags and other accessories. He was born in San Mauro Pascoli. Rossi's son Gianvito was also a shoe designer.
In March 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic in Italy, Rossi and his company donated EUR100,000 to a Milan hospital. On 2 April 2020, Rossi was reported to have died of COVID-19 in Cesena. He was 84.
References
1935 births
2020 deaths
Italian fashion designers
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
People from Emilia-Romagna
Poções

Pocoes is an Brazilian municipality in the state of Bahia.
Municipalities in Bahia
Amaral (footballer, born 1954)

Joao Justino Amaral dos Santos (born 25 December, 1954) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1972||rowspan="6"|Guarani||||0||0
|-
|1973||rowspan="5"|Serie A||34||0
|-
|1974||22||0
|-
|1975||22||0
|-
|1976||17||0
|-
|1977||14||0
|-
|1978||rowspan="4"|Corinthians Paulista||Serie A||4||0
|-
|1979||||0||0
|-
|1980||rowspan="2"|Serie A||13||0
|-
|1981||11||0
137||0
137||0
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1975||3||0
|-
|1976||7||0
|-
|1977||6||0
|-
|1978||12||0
|-
|1979||8||0
|-
|1980||4||0
|-
!Total||40||0
|}
References
1954 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Fichtelgebirge

The Fichtelgebirge is a mountain range in northeastern Bavaria, Germany. It extends from the valley of the Red Main River to the Czech border, where it is continued by the much higher Ore Mountains.
The highest mountain is the Schneeberg (1051 m). Rivers rising from the Fichtelgebirge are the White Main (German: Weisser Main), the Saxon Saale, the Ohre (German: Eger) and the Fichtelnaab which later joins the Waldnaab. Cities on the edge of the mountains include Bayreuth and Hof.
The mountains slope gradually away to the north and the south, but there is a steep slope to the west, where the Red Main forms the boundary of the mountains.
The Fichtelgebirge attracts many tourists both during summer and winter, mainly for hiking and skiing, but also to see the large rock formations.
Geography of Bavaria
Mountain ranges of Germany
Readsboro, Vermont

Readsboro is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Willem Drees

Willem Drees (; July 5, 1886 - May 14, 1988) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and its predecessor the SDAP. He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 7, 1948 until December 22, 1958.
Before entering national politics Drees was a member of the municipal council and also an alderman of The Hague. During this time he was also a member of the Provincial States of South Holland.
Drees was an active performer of Esperanto.
References
Other websites
Biography at Parlement.com
1886 births
1988 deaths
Agnostics
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Dutch centenarians
Dutch civil servants
Dutch councillors
Dutch esotericists
Dutch former Christians
Dutch provincial politicians
Esperantists
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Freemasons
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Politicians from Amsterdam
Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Writers from Amsterdam
Gary Stevens

Gary Stevens (born 27 March 1963) is an English former football player. He has played for England national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1981/82||rowspan="7"|Everton||rowspan="7"|First Division||19||1
|-
|1982/83||28||0
|-
|1983/84||27||1
|-
|1984/85||37||3
|-
|1985/86||41||1
|-
|1986/87||25||2
|-
|1987/88||31||0
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="6"|Rangers||rowspan="6"|Premier Division||35||1
|-
|1989/90||35||1
|-
|1990/91||36||4
|-
|1991/92||43||2
|-
|1992/93||9||0
|-
|1993/94||29||0
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="4"|Tranmere Rovers||rowspan="4"|First Division||37||1
|-
|1995/96||34||0
|-
|1996/97||31||0
|-
|1997/98||25||1
335||10
187||8
522||18
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1985||5||0
|-
|1986||9||0
|-
|1987||4||0
|-
|1988||10||0
|-
|1989||8||0
|-
|1990||5||0
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
|1992||4||0
|-
!Total||46||0
|}
References
1963 births
Living people
1986 FIFA World Cup players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
English footballers
Sportspeople from Cumbria
Sportspeople from Lancashire
Languages of Pakistan

English is the official language of Pakistan. Urdu is the national language. It is also known as Lashkari Zaban or just Lashkari. It is believed to have started in Punjab with Lahore as it's capital during Ghaznavid rule.
Provincial languages
There are also provincial languages, Balochi language, Pashto, Saraiki, Sindhi and Punjabi, and one semi-provincial language Koshur (Kashmiri language).
Background
Pakistan is heir to one of the most ancient civilizations in the world along with Iraq and Egypt. They also had ancient indigenous languages before being replaced by their present-day languages. These languages have not been used in the domains of power because the rulers of these regions were generally foreigners. But the foreigners, whether the Persians, ancient Greeks, Arabs, Turco-Mongols as well as the British, have all influenced the indigenous languages so that their vocabulary is multilingual and varied. As the people of these areas converted to Islam, Arabic and Persian words influenced and became part of their identity, and remain so. In a sense, it is their very presence, as well as the Arabic-based scripts of all 75 Pakistani languages, which gave them a cultural unity.
Linguistics
Linguistically, Pakistan is almost entirely Indo-Iranic as it's languages belong to the Indo-Iranic family of languages. Its scripture and vocabulary owe very much so to Arabic and based on Farsi (which also derived it's own script from Arabic).
For example; the national anthem is a highly Persianized form of Urdu.
Other languages
Other languages include Burushaski, Balti, Domaaki, Gawar-bati, Erina, Wakhi, Shina and Brahvi.
References
Languages of Pakistan
Perpetual motion

Perpetual motion refers to a movement that goes on forever once started without additional energy added. A machine that could be set in motion once would continue to move forever. Such a device or system would be against the law of conservation of energy. This law states that energy cannot be created, or destroyed, but one form of energy can be transformed into a different one.
Perpetual motion machines have interested inventors for a long time, and even though it has been shown that such a machine cannot exist, people still try to build them.
Perpetual motion machines have been classified into different types. Each type breaks a different law of thermodynamics:
A perpetual motion machine of the first kind produces energy from nothing. It gives its user unlimited free energy. It violates the law of the conservation of energy.
A perpetual motion machine of the second kind spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. In itself, this does not violate the law of the conservation of energy, because there is the same amount of mechanical work than there was of thermal energy. Such machines violate the Second law of thermodynamics. Real heat engines, such as those found in cars, also convert heat energy to work. Such engines have two reservoirs: the heat is transferred from the hot one to the cold one. Some of the heat is converted into mechanical work, the rest is used to heat the cold reservoir. Perpetual motion machines only have one reservoir for the heat. For this reason, they can convert all the heat into mechanical work.
A perpetual motion machine of the third kind is one that can eliminate effects like friction and other effects that use energy. Because of the inertia of the mass, it can therefore maintain motion forever. This violates the third law of thermodynamics. Although it is impossible to make such a machine, because the loss of energy cannot be completely eliminated in a mechanical system, it is still possible to reduce the loss a great deal. Even if such a machine could be built, it could only be used to store energy forever, and not to produce energy. A frictionless flywheel, for example, would eventually slow down and stop if its kinetic energy were tapped for useful work, and we would get no more energy out than the amount that was initially put in to spin up the flywheel.
Notes
Other websites
Perpetuum Mobile Video.
Perpetual park video.
Perpetuum Mobile Site.
Engineering
Mechanics
Pseudoscience
Extranet

The extranet is a part of intranet that selected people outside the company can use.
Related pages
Internet
Intranet
Internet
Sopdet

In Egyptain mythology Sopdet was the goddess of the star Sothis. Sothis is thought to be the star Sirius.
The name Sopdet means sharp in Egyptain. This is a reference to the brightest star in the night sky. In art she is shown as a woman with a five-pointed star upon her head.
Egyptian gods and goddesses
Berson, Gironde

Berson, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Population
References
Communes in Gironde
Neopets

Neopets is a website that lets its users create virtual pets, and take care of them. The site was created on November 15 1999, and has hundreds of millions of users. The website is owned by Jumpstart. Most of the pets that the user can create are not real animals, but are based upon real animals. Neopets has story plots, chat boards, and different things that users can do with their Neopets. Many people of many different ages join Neopets. The site has many games that the user can play. Neopets has a help section to find answers to many of the questions that users may have. The games length varies from a minute or less to saveable games like Neoquest that take more than 10 hours total to complete.
Pets
A person can make a pet and care for it using items. Items are given when a person does activities on the website. Items can also be purchased using Neopoints, the website's form of money. They can get special items called paint brushes which change the color of the pet to a different special color.
People younger than thirteen years old have less access to website features. They are not allowed to use the forum or send messages to other people.
Default avatars
Default avatars are the easiest type of avatar to get. Once a person creates an account on Neopets, they get to use the default avatars without having to do anything. Default avatars are mainly the different pets that can be used on the site and certain faeries.
Clickable avatars
Clickable avatars are the second easiest avatar to get. To earn a Clickable, the user must go to a certain place on the site. Once the user has gone to that page, they get a message that says they can use that avatar.
Avatars that are earned
Many avatars have to be earned. These are the avatars that people want most. These avatars are the hardest to get. These avatars may be gotten in many different ways. For example, getting a certain score in a game, buying a specific item, looking up a pet, refreshing, or getting a set amount of Neopoints.
Fan sites
There are many websites created by Neopets users to help other players. These sites help with information about how to play games and how to get avatars. There are also many sites for users to find ways to change the look of the pages that tell about themselves and their pets.
References
Other websites
Neopets home page
Online games
Entertainment websites
Electoral district of Sunbury

Sunbury is an electoral district of Victoria. It was created in 2014. It is in the Western Metropolitan Region.
Sunbury is in Melbourne.
Election results
References
Sunbury
William Leonard Pickard

William Leonard Pickard (born October 21, 1945) is an American writer, researcher and convicted drug trafficker. He is one of two people convicted in the largest lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) manufacturing case in history. In 2000, while moving their LSD laboratory across Kansas, Pickard and Clyde Apperson were pulled over by police while driving a rental truck and a follow car. He was later sentenced to serve two life sentences. The DEA has claimed that Pickard's arrest led to a 95% drop in the availability of LSD in the US in the two years after his arrest.
In 2015, Pickard published a book, The Rose of Paracelsus: On Secrets and Sacraments.
On July 27, 2020, Pickard was given from federal prison 20 years into his sentence.
Pickard was born in DeKalb County, Georgia. He attended Harvard University. He also lived in Mill Valley, California.
References
Other websites
Free William Leonard Pickard
1945 births
Living people
American people convicted of drug offenses
Criminals from California
Harvard University alumni
Writers from California
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Villaroger

Villaroger is a commune. It is in Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Savoie department in southeast France.
Communes in Savoie
American black bear

The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is North America's smallest and most common species of bear. Black bears usually live in forested areas, but do leave forests in search of food. Sometimes they become attracted to human activity due to a lack of food. The American black bear is listed by the IUCN as Least Concern, because the species has a large global population estimated to be twice that of all other bear species combined. In the past century, only 37 people have been killed by these animals.
American black bears usually hibernate during winter. During this time, the black bear's metabolism and heart rate both decrease in relation to one another. In fact, during hibernation, an American black bear's heart can stop for twenty seconds. The body temperature of black bears also decreases to 31 degC (88 degF) during hibernation. When hibernation is over, the black bear's body temperature returns to normal. Black bears are omnivores (eating both meat and plants). They feed on fish, rodents, rabbits, insects, carrion, fruit, nuts, grass, leaves, honey, deer, and moose calves. Their predators are humans, grizzly bears, and american alligators, while wolves, coyotes, cougars, lynxes, foxes, birds of prey, and even other black bears are predators of black bear cubs.
References
Bears
Mammals of North America
Majin Buu

Majin Buu is a fictional character from the manga Dragon Ball and anime Dragon Ball Z. He also appears in Dragon Ball GT and Dragon Ball Super.
Biography
Buu is an ancient being sealed by Babidi. He wants to destroy the world and transform people into candy.
Portrayals
Majin Buu has been voiced by Josh Martin for the Funimation dub.
Anime characters
Dragon Ball characters
Fictional demons and devils
A&M Records

A&M Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group which operates through the Interscope-Geffen-A&M division. It was set up in 1962.
History
A&M Records was started by Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss. They made 2 records under the name "Carnival Records." Finding the name Carnival was already being used, they changed the name to A&M, after their names, Alpert and Moss. From 1966 to 1999, the company's office was on the grounds of the historic Charlie Chaplin Studio at 1416 N. La Brea Avenue, near Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood.
Pop music
In 1960s and 1970s, A&M was among the leading labels for 'light' pop music. Acts they recorded included:
Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass
Baja Marimba Band
Burt Bacharach
Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66
We Five
The Carpenters
Chris Montez
Captain and Tennille
Quincy Jones
Paul Williams
Joan Baez
Phil Ochs
Gene Clark
In 1971 piano player Billy Preston who joined the label and brought success in R&B and funk music. The Carpenters are label's most successful act of the 1970s having sold more than 100 million albums worldwide.
British acts
At the end of the 1960s, A&M added British musicians to the label. These included:
Joe Cocker
Procol Harum
Fairport Convention
Free
The Move
Spooky Tooth.
1970's
In the 1970s, A&M made an agreement with Ode Records. They released albums for:
Carole King
Hummingbird
Cheech and Chong
Other famous acts with A&M reords in the 1970s included:
Nazareth
Y&T
The Tubes
Styx
Supertramp
Rick Wakeman
Squeeze
Peter Frampton.
A&M in England, Europe and Canada
A&M records were first sold in the United Kingdom by EMI's Stateside Records label. It then sold records under the A&M name with Pye Records until 1967. A&M Records, Ltd. was started in 1970. A&M Records of Canada, Ltd. was also formed in 1970, and A&M Records of Europe in 1977.
In the 1970s, A&M saw potential in English punk music and on March 10, 1977 signed the Sex Pistols after the band had been dropped by EMI. However, A&M themselves sacked the band within a week.
Success
Within 10 years of starting, A&M became the world's largest independent record company. In 1979, A&M made an agreement with RCA Records (which later became BMG) to distribute its records in the US, and with CBS Records in many other countries.
A&M's success continued in the 1980s with acts that included:
Falco
Janet Jackson
Atlantic Starr
The Police
Suzanne Vega
Oingo Boingo
Annabel Lamb
Bryan Adams
Joe Jackson
Scottish rock band Gun.
Other labels
Over the years, A&M has a made its own special labels:
Almo International for middle of the road
Omen Records (1964-1966) for soul
Horizon Records for jazz (1974-1978)
AyM Discos for Latin American
Vendetta Records for dance music
Tuff Break Records for hip-hop music
References
American record labels
Companies based in Santa Monica, California
1962 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in California
Shutter Island (movie)

Shutter Island is a 2010 American psychological thriller movie directed by Martin Scorsese, with Leonardo DiCaprio, based on novel Dennis Levane.
The movie cost about $80 million to make. Worldwide, it had a total gross profit of $294,803,014.
References
Other websites
2010 thriller movies
2010 mystery movies
American mystery movies
American thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Royal Ontario Museum

The Royal Ontario Museum or ROM, is a major museum for culture and natural history in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
It is the largest museum in Canada and fifth largest in North America. It has more than six million things on display and over 40 galleries. It has notable collections of dinosaurs, Near Eastern and African art, East Asian art, European history, and Canadian history.
Buildings and structures in Toronto
Museums in Canada
Natural history museums
Royal Caribbean International

Royal Caribbean International () is a Norwegian-American cruise ship company based in Miami, Florida.
Other websites
Official site
RCI ship history at Fakta om Fartyg (only in Swedish)
F/Y 2006 Report for Royal Caribbean from 10kwizard.com
Independent Royal Caribbean Cruise resource
American transport companies
Companies of Norway
Companies based in Miami
Transport in Florida
1968 establishments in Europe
1960s establishments in Norway
Ludwigsstadt

Ludwigsstadt is a town in Kronach, in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany.
Geography
It is in the valley of the Loquitz River, a tributary of the Saale, in the Thuringian-Franconian Highlands of the Thuringian Slate Mountains and the Franconian Forest mountain ranges. Being north of Kronach, the Bavarian border with the state of Thuringia runs about north of the town centre, with Thuringian Saalfeld in a distance of c. down the Loquitz. Ludwigsstadt is the only municipality of the State of Bavaria north of the Rennsteig ridge.
References
Kronach (district)
Thompson Usiyan

Thompson Usiyan (27 April 1956 - 31 August 2021) was a Nigerian professional footballer. He played as a forward. He was a member of the Nigerian Olympic soccer which boycotted the 1976 Olympics. He made many appearances for the Nigeria national team.
Usiyan died on 31 August 2021 at the age of 65.
References
1956 births
2021 deaths
Nigerian footballers
Parametric statistics

Parametric statistics is a branch of statistics. It assumes that in the unknown population, the observations follow a probability distribution. Most of the parameters of the distribution are assumed to be known. Most methods of statistical analysis are of this type. Jacob Wolfowitz was the first to use the term:
Most of these developments have this feature in common, that the distribution functions of the various stochastic variables which enter into their problems are assumed to be of known functional form, and the theories of estimation and of testing hypotheses are theories of estimation of and of testing hypotheses about, one or more parameters. . ., the knowledge of which would completely determine the various distribution functions involved. We shall refer to this situation. . .as the parametric case, and denote the opposite case, where the functional forms of the distributions are unknown, as the non-parametric case.
References
Statistics
Sainte-Colombe-sur-l'Hers

Sainte-Colombe-sur-l'Hers is a commune. It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
References
Communes in Aude
Deidre Downs Gunn

Deidre Downs Gunn (born July 7, 1980) is former Miss America winner and fertility specialist. Deidre Downs Gunn is a UAB obstetrician-gynecologist and a Chief resident physician at Alabama Medical center. Deidre Downs Gunn was Miss America in 2005, and Miss Alabama in 2004. is the first title winner who is in a same sex marriage.Her and her now wife met back in 2017 and in 2021 had their first baby together. During the pregnancy, Deidre preformed IVF transfers on her wife Abbott downs.
References
1980 births
Living people
American physicians
Eastern Province, Sierra Leone

The Eastern Province is one of the five administrative regions of Sierra Leone. Its area is 15,553 km2 and 1,641,012 people lived here in 2015. The capital is Kenema.
Districts
The province has 3 districts:
Kailahun District
Kenema District
Kono District
Provinces of Sierra Leone
Rosside

Rosside is a small hamlet on the outskirts of Ulverston, in North West England. The hamlet is about in size. It contains approximately 15 houses. Rosside gains little income from tourism, unlike her neighbouring town of Ulverston, where people flock to the famous Laurel & Hardy museum, a true tribute to the great comedians.
Hamlets in England
Hamlets in Cumbria
Charlie Christian

Charles Henry "Charlie" Christian (July 29, 1916 - March 2, 1942) was an American jazz guitarist. Christian is best known as one of the first famous guitarists to play the electric guitar. He is also remembered as one of the first musicians to help create the styles of jazz music known as "bebop" and "cool jazz."
Career
Christian first gained fame as a member of the Benny Goodman Orchestra. He played with Goodman from August 1939 to June 1941. He was very good at playing many notes up and down on a sinle guitar string. By playing his guitar through an amplifier his guitar solos made the guitar very loud in the band.
Death
Christian died in March 1942 when he was only 26 years old. He had been sick with tuberculosis for several years before he died.
Even though he was jazz guitarist who died before the music style rock and roll was started, he was still a large influence on rock and roll musicians. It was because of this that in 1990 Charlie Christian was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame even though he had never played rock and roll music.
Legacy
Charles Henry Christian was raised in Oklahoma City in the American state of Oklahoma. In 2006 Oklahoma City renamed a street to "Charlie Christian Avenue." There is also a yearly jazz music festival in Oklahoma City which is named after Charlie Christian.
References
1916 births
1942 deaths
American guitarists
American jazz musicians
Musicians from Oklahoma
Berserker

Berserkers (or berserks) were a special kind of Norse warrior who were widely feared. Old Norse literature said they fought in a wild, trance-like fury. This later gave us the English word berserk.
Many Old Norse sources say that berserkers were real. Most historians believe that berserkers worked themselves into a rage before battle. Others think they might have eaten drugged foods. The Ynglinga saga said they charged their enemy without any armour. Also that they were as mad as wolves. They could kill the enemy with a single blow of their sword while neither fire nor iron could hurt them.
References
Norse mythology
Jorge Romo

Jorge Romo Fuentes (20 April 1924 - 17 June 2014) was a Mexican football midfielder. He played for Mexico in the 1954 and 1958 FIFA World Cups. He also played for Club Deportivo Marte and Deportivo Toluca.
Romo died in Mexico City from natural causes, aged 90.
References
Other websites
FIFA profile
Jorge Romo's profile at worldfootball.net
1924 births
2014 deaths
Mexican footballers
Sportspeople from Mexico City
Alessandro Mazzinghi

Alessandro Mazzinghi (3 October 1938 - 22 August 2020), known as Sandro, was an Italian professional boxer. He held the world light middleweight championship twice. He was born in Pontedera, Italy.
Mazzinghi died on 22 August 2020 from a stroke in Pontedera, aged 81.
References
1938 births
2020 deaths
Italian boxers
Deaths from stroke
Ross Allen's tree frog

Ross Allen's tree frog (Dendropsophus rossalleni) is a frog that lives in Colombia, Peru and Brazil. Scientists have seen it as high as 200 meters above sea level but not higher.
The adult male frog is 19.0 to 22.3 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 28.2 to 28.7 mm long. This frog lives in forests.
The male frogs sit near leaves by the surface of the water and sing for the females to come lay their eggs.
References
Frogs of South America
Ölmstad Church

Olmstad Church () is a church building in Olmstad in Sweden. It belogns to the Skarstad-Olmstad Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church is supposed to be dated back to 12th century.
References
Other websites
Church of Sweden churches
12th-century buildings and structures
Carpenter Painter

The Carpenter Painter was a red-figure vase painter. He worked in Athens. He was active between 515 and 500 BC. He chiefly painted cups. His real name is unknown. "Carpenter Painter" is taken from his depiction of a carpenter at work on a cup in the British Museum. Few of his works are known. The way he painted nipples, pectorals, hands, garments, and other details identify his work.
Related pages
Pentathletes (Carpenter Painter)
References
Ancient Greek painters
Ancient Greek potters
Mandala

A Mandala is a symbol of either a man or a woman in the world.
Uses
The Mandala acts as a support for anyone in meditation. The Mandala itself is often illustrated as a palace with four gates, facing the four corners of the Earth. It is a symbol that represents wholeness, and can be seen as a model for the structure of life itself. There are generally symbols within it that represent something.
Meditation
Religious symbols
Joana Sainz García

Joana Sainz Garcia (1989 - September 1, 2019) was a Spanish singer, dancer, and songwriter from Madrid, Spain. She was killed in a stage explosion in September 2019.
Biography
Sainz was raised in Santander, a port city on Spain's north coast in the Cantabria region. She later moved to Suances, also in Cantabria. "The first time I saw her, when she came, I realized her virtues. She was a girl with a lot of energy, with a lot of desire. From the beginning, I saw her a dancer," Sainz' teacher, Marta Rojo, told El Espanol. Rojo remembered that Sainz started formal dance training in 2010.
Sainz was the principal dancer and chief choreographer of Spain's Super Hollywood Orchestra. The group were known for their exciting performances which used many special effects, including fireworks.
Joana Sainz died on September 1, 2019 while performing in front of an audience of 1000 people, at a four day music festival at Las Berlanas. A pyrotechnic device used during the performance exploded next to her. She was struck in the stomach by a faulty cartridge used in the pyrotechnic device.
References
1989 births
2019 deaths
Murder victims
Spanish singers