pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Taxi Driver

Taxi Driver is a 1976 American crime drama thriller movie directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Paul Schrader. It stars Robert De Niro, Jodie Foster, Cybill Shepherd, Harvey Keitel, Peter Boyle, Leonard Harris and Albert Brooks. Set in a decaying and morally bankrupt New York City following the Vietnam War, the film tells the story of Travis Bickle, a lonely taxi driver who descends into insanity as he plots to assassinate both the presidential candidate for whom the woman he is infatuated with works, and the pimp of an underage prostitute he befriends.
A critical and commercial success upon release and nominated for four Academy Awards, including for Best Picture, Best Actor (for De Niro) and Best Supporting Actress (for Foster), Taxi Driver won the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. The movie generated controversy at the time of its release for its depiction of violence and casting of a 12-year-old Foster in the role of a child prostitute.
In 2012, Sight & Sound named it the 31st-best movie ever in its decennial critics' poll, ranked with The Godfather Part II, and the fifth-greatest movie of all time on its directors' poll. The film was considered significant by the US Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1994.
John Hinckley saw the movie many times. He wanted to impress Foster. He tried to assassinate President Ronald Reagan by shooting him. Reagan survived the 1981 attack.
Release dates
Other websites
1976 crime drama movies
1976 thriller movies
1970s crime thriller movies
American crime drama movies
American crime thriller movies
Columbia Pictures movies
1970s English-language movies
Film noir
Movies composed by Bernard Herrmann
Movies directed by Martin Scorsese
Movies set in New York City
United States National Film Registry movies
Cult movies
Villa Lidköping BK

Villa Lidkoping BK is a bandy club in Lidkoping in Sweden. Established in 1934 as Villa BK, the club is named after nearby country estate Villa Giacomina. The club lost the Swedish national men's bandy championship final in the years of 1975, 1983, 2012 and 2016.
The club won its first World Cup title in October 2018. The women's team won the Swedish national championship for first time during the 2020-2021 season. They won the title again during the 2021-2022 season.
References
Other websites
Villa Lidkoping BK
1934 establishments in Sweden
Bandy clubs in Sweden
Nicola Coughlan

Nicola Mary Coughlan (born 9 January 1987) is an Irish actress. She is mostly known for playing the role of Penelope Fetherington in the Netflix series Bridgerton.
References
Living people
Irish actors
1987 births
Jane (German band)

Jane was a German rock band. The band formed in October 1970 in Hanover. In 1973, their album Here We Are was very popular.
Discography
Vinyl
Together (1972)
Here we are (1973)
Jane III (1974)
Lady (1975)
Fire, Water, Earth and Air (1976)
Live at Home (1976)
Between Heaven and Hell (1977)
Age of Madness (1978)
Sign No. 9 (1979)
Jane (Mask) (1980)
Germania (1981)
Warlock Rock Ballet soundtrack (feat. Lady Jane) (1983)
Beautiful Lady (1986)
Live '88 (1989)
Live '89 (1990)
CDs
Together (1990)
Here we are (1997)
Jane III (1997)
Lady (1997)
Fire, Water, Earth and Air (1990)
Live at home (1992)
Between Heaven and Hell (1997)
Age of madness (1997)
Sign No. 9 (1997)
Jane (Maske) (1997)
Germania (1997)
Beautiful Lady (1993)
Live '89 (1990)
Resurrection (Pano's Jane) (1996)
Comes alive (Klaus Hess/Mother Jane) (2000)
Back again (Lady Jane) (2000)
Genuine (2002)
Live 2002 (Peter Panka's Jane) (2002)
Shine On (Peter Panka's Jane) (2003)
Voices (Peter Panka's Jane) (2006)
Live At META's (Peter Panka's Jane) (2007)
Tribute to Peter Panka (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2008)
Proceed with Memories (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2009)
In Dreams (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2009)
Traces (Peter Panka's Jane) (2009)
Hungry4Live (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2010)
Hungry4Live part 2 (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2010)
The Journey - Best of Jane '70-'80 (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2010)
Eternity (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2011)
Kuxan Suum (Peter Panka's Jane) (2011)
Singles
Daytime (1972)
Here we are (1973)
Bambule Rock (1974)
Age of madness (1978)
Love Song (1978)
Beautiful lady (Maxi-Single) (1986)
Together we stand (Mother Jane) (1998)
Compilations
Waiting for the sunshine (1979)
Rock on brain (2 LP) (1980)
DVD
Krautrock Meeting (2005)Jane - Live 2002 Hannover (2005)
Jane - Tribute To Peter Panka (2008)Phoenix (2008)
Jane - Inside - (The Cave - Concert) (2010)Jane - Live 2010 / Fernsehkonzert 2010 (2010)
Jane - Eternity (2011)Jane - Visual Impressions (2011)
''Jane - Live at home again - Hannover 2011 (2011)
Other websites
Overview of Jane on AllMusic
Jane (PP's Jane), official site
Mother Jane a.k.a. Klaus Hess' Jane, official site
Jane (WN's Jane), official site
1970 establishments in Germany
1970s German music groups
1980s German music groups
1990s German music groups
2000s German music groups
German rock bands
Hanover
Musical groups established in 1970
Mézilles

Mezilles is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Kentaro Yoshida

Kentaro Yoshida (born 5 October 1980) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||5||1||0||0||2||0||7||1
|-
|2001||J. League 2||2||0||1||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||31||5||1||1||colspan="2"|-||32||6
|-
|2003||13||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2004||15||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Tochigi||rowspan="3"|Football League||28||13||0||0||colspan="2"|-||28||13
|-
|2006||29||12||4||2||colspan="2"|-||33||14
|-
|2007||9||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||2
|-
|2008||Matsumoto Yamaga||Regional Leagues||10||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||12||2
142||35||12||2||2||0||16||37
142||35||12||2||2||0||16||37
|}
References
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Fukuoka Prefecture
Carole Baskin

Carole Baskin (nee Stairs Jones; born June 6, 1961) is an American animal rights activist. She is the owner of Big Cat Rescue.
Baskin became well known when she was featured in the 2020 Netflix documentary series Tiger King: Murder, Mayhem and Madness about Oklahoma-based private zoo operator Joe Exotic. Following the series' release, Baskin has been targeted by Internet memes related to the disappearance of Don Lewis, her second husband.
References
1961 births
Living people
American animal rights activists
Businesspeople from Texas
Broomhouse, Edinburgh

Broomhouse is a district of Edinburgh, Scotland. Although on the lands of Old Saughton, its name is adopted from an estate which lay to the north of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway. The earliest recorded versions of the name (c.1600) were variations on Brum(e)hous. It mainly comprises a low-rise council housing estate built between 1947 and 1950. It borders on Parkhead, Sighthill, and Saughton Mains. The arterial route of Calder Road (A71) passes to the south.
Edinburgh
Kayleigh

"Kayleigh" is a 1985 song by British progressive rock band Marillion. It is the leading single from their third studio album Misplaced Childhood. It went to number 2 in both the United Kingdom and France, number 88 in Australia, number 74 in the United States, number 25 in Italy, number 4 in Ireland, number 12 in the Netherlands, number 7 in Germany and number 8 in Norway.
Track listing
International 7" version
Side 1
"Kayleigh" - 3:33
Side 2
"Lady Nina" - 3:41
US 7" version (Capitol Records)
Side 1
"Kayleigh" - 3:33
Side 2
"Heart of Lothian" - 3:47
12" versions
Side 1
"Kayleigh" [Alternative Mix] - 3:57
"Kayleigh" [Extended Version] - 4:00
Side 2
"Lady Nina" [Extended Version] - 5:46
Cassette single
"Kayleigh" [Alternative Mix] - 3:57
"Kayleigh" [Extended Version] - 4:00
"Lady Nina" [Extended Version] - 5:46
"Lady Nina" [Single Edit] - 3:41
Marillion - The Singles "82-88"
"Kayleigh" - 3:33
"Lady Nina" - 3:41
"Kayleigh" [Alternative Mix] - 3:57
"Kayleigh" [Extended Version] - 4:00
"Lady Nina" [Extended Version] - 5:46
References
1985 songs
1980s ballads
Rock ballads
Marillion songs
Unreachable code

Unreachable code is a section of code in a program that can never be executed.
Having unreachable code is bad because it wastes space on the disk, memory, and CPU cache.
Luckily, many modern compilers alert the programmer with a warning or error whenever it detects unreachable code.
Example
void beepForever() {
while (true) {
System.out.println("Beep!");
}
System.out.println(":'(");
}
In this example, ":'(" will never be printed because the loop never exits.
Computer programming
References
Bonas

Bonas is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Related pages
Communes of the Gers department
Communes in Gers
Xenomorph

Xenomorphs are fictional aliens created by H. R. Giger made for the Alien franchise starting in 1979.
Portrayal
Their vocal effects were provided by Dee Bradley Baker for Mortal Kombat X.
Other websites
Types of Xenomorphs
Fictional characters introduced in the 1970s
Mortal Kombat guest characters
Lake Zurich, Illinois

Lake Zurich is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Mexico (disambiguation)

Mexico is a country in North America.
Mexico may also refer to:
Geography
Mexico
Mexico City (Mexico, D.F.; Ciudad de Mexico; Distrito Federal)
Mexico (state) (Estado Libre y Soberano de Mexico; Mexico)
United States
New Mexico
Mexico, Illinois
Mexico, Indiana
Mexico, Kentucky
Mexico, Maine
Mexico, Allegany County, Maryland
Mexico, Carroll County, Maryland
Mexico, Missouri
Mexico (town), New York
Mexico (village), New York
Mexico, Ohio
Mexico, Juniata County, Pennsylvania
Mexico, Montour County, Pennsylvania
Mexico, Texas
Philippines
Mexico, Pampanga, a municipality in the Philippines
Related pages
Five solas

In Europe in the 16th century, there was a big change in the Christian religion. During the Protestant Reformation, hundreds of thousands of people left the Catholic Church to form Protestant churches all over Europe.
"The Five solas" are an important part of reformed theology for the Protestant leaders:
Sola scriptura (meaning "The Bible only"): Protestants believe that need only to read the Bible to find out what God wants, instead of listening to the Pope or the Catholic Church.
Solus Christus (meaning Christ only"): Protestants believe that the only way to heaven is by Jesus dying on the cross and so so they did not have to pray to Mary, saints, or angels.
Sola Gratia (meaning "grace only:" Protestants believe that God lets people into heaven, but no one deserves it.
Sola fide (meaning "faith only"): Protestants believe that people must trust Jesus for him to let them into heaven.
Soli Deo Gloria (meaning "only glory to God"): Protestants believe that God alone should be worshipped, not the Pope or priests, and people should not trust the Church to get to heaven.
The words "Sola Scriptura", "Solus Christus", "Sola Gratia", "Sola Fide" and "Soli Deo Gloria" are in Latin.
Other websites
Articles on the Five Solas--from a conservative Calvinistic perspective
FiveSolas.com--a Reformed page devoted to the Solas
Protestant theology
Protestant Reformation
Geriatrics

Geriatric medicine, is a medical specialty which looks at the health needs of older adults. There is no fixed age for it to start. The most common thing is that older people often have more than one long term medical problem which cannot be cured and they become frail - losing weight and strength - and liable to fall.
References
Medical specialties
Old age
Diego Tristán

Diego Tristan (born 5 January 1976) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Cadiz.
Club career statistics
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Real Betis Balompie||rowspan="2"|La Liga||0||0
|-
|1997/98||0||0
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Mallorca||rowspan="2"|La Liga||0||0
|-
|1999/00||35||18
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="6"|Deportivo La Coruna||rowspan="6"|La Liga||29||19
|-
|2001/02||33||21
|-
|2002/03||23||9
|-
|2003/04||33||8
|-
|2004/05||23||9
|-
|2005/06||36||12
|-
|2006/07||Mallorca||La Liga||13||0
|-
|2007/08||Livorno||Serie A||21||1
|-
|2008/09||West Ham United||Premier League||14||3
|-
|2009/10||Cadiz||Segunda Division||||
225||96
21||1
14||3
260||100
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2001||5||2
|-
|2002||6||0
|-
|2003||4||2
|-
!Total||15||4
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
My Son (1928 movie)

My Son () is a 1928 Soviet silent drama movie directed by Yevgeni Chervyakov. It stars Gennadiy Michurin, Anna Sten, and Pyotr Berezov.
Actors
Gennadiy Michurin as Andrey Surin
Anna Sten as Olga Surina
Pyotr Berezov as Gregor
Lyudmila Semyonova as Neighbour
Nikolay Cherkasov as Pat
Boris Chirkov as Patashon
References
Other websites
Soviet silent movies
1928 movies
Soviet drama movies
Bolazec

Bolazec () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
References
Communes in Finistere
British Academy

The British Academy is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences.
It was created in 1902 and received its royal charter in the same year.
The academy is a self-governing and independent registered charity, based at 10-11 Carlton House Terrace in London.
The British Academy is funded with an annual grant from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS).
References
1902 establishments in Europe
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Charities of the United Kingdom
Esther Brand

Esther Cornelia Brand (nee van Heerden; 29 September 1922 - 20 June 2015) was a South African athlete. She was born in Springbok, Northern Cape. She competed in the high jump and won the gold medal for South Africa at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland.
Brand died after a fall at the age of 92.
References
1922 births
2015 deaths
South African Olympians
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists
South African athletes
High jumpers
Empire State of Mind

"Empire State of Mind" is a song by Jay-Z and Alicia Keys. It was released as the third single from Jay-Z's 11th music album The Blueprint 3 (2009). The song is about New York City, and has a music sample of "Love on a Two-Way Street" (1970) by The Moments. The title of the song takes its name from Billy Joel's "New York State of Mind" (1976).
Charts
References
2009 songs
Alicia Keys songs
Jay-Z songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
New York City
Paolo Babbini

Paolo Babbini (19 August 1935 - 25 May 2019) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party (PSI). Babbini served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies for three terms, from 1979 to 1983 and two back-to-back terms from 1987 to 1994. He was born in Bologna. He was a municipal councillor of Bologna for over 25 years.
Babbini died on 25 May 2019 in Bologna, at the age of 83.
References
Other websites
Paolo Babbini - Chamber of Deputies profile
1935 births
2019 deaths
Italian politicians
People from Bologna
Socialist politicians
Melissa Bettoni

Melissa Bettoni (born 7 May 1991 in Borgosesia) is an Italian rugby union player. She participated at the 2011 Women's Rugby European championship, 2014 Women's Six Nations Championship, 2018 Women's Six Nations Championship, and 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup.
She played for Rennes.
References
1991 births
Living people
Italian rugby union players
Rugby sevens players
Geretsried

Geretsried (Bavarian: Geretsriad) is a town in Bad Tolz-Wolfratshausen, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
References
Other websites
Geretsried website
Bad Tolz-Wolfratshausen
Walcott, Iowa

Walcott is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Ralph Ketner

Ralph W. Ketner (September 20, 1920 - May 29, 2016) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was known for being the founder of Food Lion (founded as Food Town). He founded the grocery store chain in the 1950s. During his career, Ketner has given away 35% of his profit to charity.
Ketner was born in Rimertown, North Carolina. He grew up during the Great Depression. He studied at Tri-State College in Angola, Indiana. Ketner is married to Anne Blizzard. They have two children. In March 2016, Ketner was hospitalized and diagnosed with colon cancer. He died on May 29, 2016 in Salisbury, North Carolina from the disease at the age of 95.
References
Other websites
Mr. Ralph W. Ketner, D.B.A at Catawba.com
1920 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Philanthropists from North Carolina
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Tom Tryon

Thomas Tryon (January 14, 1926 - September 4, 1991) was an American actor and novelist. He is best known for playing the main role in the movie The Cardinal (1963) and starred in The Longest Day (1962) and In Harm's Way (1965).
Other websites
1926 births
1991 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
American novelists
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Hartford, Connecticut
Writers from Hartford, Connecticut
Pope Innocent VII

Pope Innocent VII (; 1336 - November 6, 1406), born Cosimo de' Migliorati, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 205th Pope from 1404 until his death in 1406.
Early life
Migliorati was born at Sulmona in the Abruzzi region of Italy.
Migliorati studied at Perugia, Padua and Bologna. He taught law at Perugia and Pagua.
Bishop
Pope Urban VI made Migliorati Bishop of Bologna in 1386. He became Archbishop of Ravenna in 1387.
Cardinal
Pope Boniface IX made Migliorati cardinal in 1389.
Pope
Migliorati was elected pope on October 17, 1404; and chose to be called of Innocent VII.
He elevated his nephew as a cardinal Ludovico Migliorati. Cardinal Migliorati had a unique role as cardinal-nephew.
Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes.
Western Schism
Innocent VII was pope during the years of the Western Schism, which was a split between factions of the Roman Catholic Church between 1378 and 1417.
During this period, there was more than one who claimed to be the true pope.
Related pages
List of popes
References
Other websites
Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Innocent VII
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Migliorati
Italian popes
1336 births
1406 deaths
Rohanixalus shyamrupus

The hornbill bubble-nest frog, Shyamrup's bush frog, or Shyamrup's bubble-nest frog (Rohanixalus shyamrupus) is a frog. It lives in India in the Namdapha Biosphere Reserve and the Namdapha Tiger Reserve. Scientists think it might also live in Myanmar.
First paper
References
Frogs of Asia
Clayface

Clayface is a series of fictional Batman villains who have the power to turn into any form because he is made out of clay. He has appeared in American comic books published by DC Comics. In most cases, Clayface was an actor Basil Karlo who used a type of skin medicine to help his skin which would later cause him to have the clay appearance.
He was voiced by Ron Perlman in Batman: The Animated Series.
Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Bila Tserkva

Bila Tserkva (; ) is a city in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. In 2021, 208,737 people lived there.
Cities in Kyiv Oblast
1898

The year of 1898 was a common year (a year that had 365 days), and began on a Saturday.
Events
January
January 1 - New York City creates the City of Greater New York.
February
February 12 - Henry Lindfield dies in England, and is the first person to die from a car accident.
March
March 24 - Robert Allison of Port Carbon, Pennsylvania becomes the first person to buy a car built in America.
March 26 - The Sabi Game Reserve is created in South America, and becomes the first official game reserve.
April
April 25 - The United States declares war on Spain.
June
June 12 - The Republic of the Philippines declares official independence from Spain during the Spanish-American War.
Deaths
March 16 - Aubrey Beardsley
March 27 - Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Bahadur
Sultanate of Rum

The Sultanate of Rum was a Sunni Muslim kingdom in Anatolia, founded by Suleyman I of Rum of the Seljuk dynasty, from 1077 to 1308. Suleyman was a Muslim Turkoman ruler in Anatolia. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum Collapsed In 1308, Some time after The Mongol Invasion. After its collapse, many Beyliks were founded in Anatolia under the early time of the Ottoman Empire.
The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum was formed in 1077, when the Seljuks defeated the Byzantine Empire and started to conquer their territories in Anatolia. This occurred after the Battle of Manzikert resulted in a Byzantine defeat in 1071 and the Seljuk Muslim tribes of Anatolia conquered large parts of Anatolia and formed their own Beyliks. The Seljuks set up the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia in 1077. It was formed on conquered Byzantine territory. Later, the Seljuk Empire would Fall, after that the Seljuk sultanate of Rum was mostly called "Seljuk Sultanate". This sultanate propagated the Islamization of Anatolia through the influx of several Turkoman tribes into regions of Anatolia which were earlier conquered from the Christian Byzantine Empire.
1300s disestablishments
Byzantine Empire
Former countries in Asia
Former countries in the Middle East
Former monarchies of Asia
Former principalities
History of Islam
History of Turkey
1070s establishments
Mongol Empire
LGBT rights in Azerbaijan

2000 saw the abolishment of the Azerbaijani law forbidding homosexual interactions (gay sex). A special edition of Azerbaijan, the official newspaper of the Parliament, published on 28 May, reported that the Parliament had approved a new Criminal Code, and that the President had signed a decree bringing it into force in September. The text of the new Criminal Code was also published. From this it is clear that the old Article 113 (inherited from the Soviet era, and which punished anal sex between men with three years imprisonment) has been replaced with a new Article 150, which bans only forcible sexual acts.
Modern times
When Azerbaijan became part of USSR, despite in Lenin-era of Soviet Russia homosexuality was not banned, it remained as crime in Azerbaijan. As the homosexuality was most widespread in Azerbaijan, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan and Georgia, the legislation on persecution of homosexuals remained in force in 1920's.
After the independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, homosexual acts were legalized in 2000. The official newspaper of the Parliament, published on 28 May 2000, reported that the Parliament had approved a new criminal code, and that the President had signed a decree bringing it into force in September. The old Article 113 (inherited from the Soviet era, and which punished anal sex between men with three years imprisonment) has been replaced with a new Article 150, which bans only forcible sexual acts.
Although homosexual acts between consenting male adults were officially decriminalized, reports about police abuses against gays, mainly male prostitutes, persisted during the last year. While complaining of the violence against them, the victims preferred to remain anonymous fearing retaliation on the part of police." (2001 Report of the International Helsinki Federation).
State-controlled media outlets use homosexuality as a tool to harass and discredit critics of the government and opposition journalist.
Living conditions
References
Azerbaijan
Politics of Azerbaijan
Kristina Clonan

Kristina Clonan is an racing cyclist from Australia. Clonan rode at the 2017 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
References
Other websites
1998 births
Living people
Australian cyclists
Vanda

Vanda is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae).
It is one of the most important orchids, with about fifty species. The genus is very highly prized in horticulture for its showy, fragrant, long lasting, and intensely colorful flowers.
Vanda is widespread across East Asia, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea, with a few species extending into Queensland and some of the islands of the western Pacific. The genus is sometimes abbreviated as V. in the flower trade.
It belongs to angiosperm.
References
Grove, D. L. 1995. Vandas and Ascocendas. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 241 pp.
Motes, Martin R., and Alan L. Hoffman. 1997 Vandas, Their botany, history and culture.
Other websites
Breeding in Vanda Breeding in Vanda
Orchids
Chumar

Chumar is a place in the provences of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The area is claimed by both China and India. According to China's Ministry of Defence "the two countries' border, to this day, has not been designated". The problem is that for centuries, the sparsely inhabited mountainous region existed as a buffer zone between empires. A border war broke out in 1962 that has to date killed thousands of soldiers. The tension between the two countries has come and gone but is now raised again.
References
Territorial disputes of India
Jammu and Kashmir
Lucknow division

Lucknow () is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Districts
Hardoi district
Lakhimpur Kheri district
Lucknow district
Raibareilly district
Sitapur district
Unnao district
Divisions of Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow
Bill Stephen

William Stephen (1 April 1928 - 24 August 2020) was an Australian rules footballer. He played with Fitzroy Football Club. He also coached Fitzroy and Essendon. He was born in Sydney. Stephens was captain / coach of Yarrawonga in the Ovens & Murray Football League from 1958 to 1963, then was their non playing coach in 1964.
Stephen died on 24 August 2020 at the age of 92.
References
1928 births
2020 deaths
Australian rules footballers
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
Playing card

Playing cards is the name for the 52 cards used in card games like poker, bridge, blackjack, solitaire and other games.
There are 52 basic cards in a deck (not including the jokers). These cards have a suit and a number (called the value or rank). There are 4 suits and 13 ranks in each suit. Decks may include a wide variety of regional and national patterns, and different deck sizes. The English pattern of cards is so widespread that it is often also known as the International or Anglo-American pattern.
Suits
Usual signs: spades (♠️), hearts (♥️), diamonds (♦️), clubs (♣️).
In some countries different suit signs may be used. In central Europe, there are cards with the suit signs of acorns, leaves, hearts, and bells. In Spain, Italy and Latin America, there are playing cards with the suits of clubs, swords, cups, and coins and Aces
Values
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack or Knave (J), Queen (Q), King (K), Ace (A).
Number of cards
For many games, the Jokers are removed from the deck, making the total number of cards in the deck 52. Sometimes the deck is reduced to 40, 36, or 32 cards for playing certain games, like belote, sheepshead or euchre.
Tarot cards
There are various types of tarot cards. Tarots are commonly used for fortune-telling, although they can also be used for playing games. Conversely, people have also used standard playing cards for fortune-telling.
History
Playing cards have been found in 9th century China, Tang dynasty.
Playing cards first entered Europe in the early 14th century, probably from Egypt. The suits were very similar to the tarot suits of Swords, Staves, Cups and Coins. These designs are still used in traditional Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese card decks.
The first documentary evidence is from Vitoria-Gasteiz (now Spain) in 1334, in which the Knights of the Band are forbidden to play cards. The next record is from Catalonia in 1371.
Wide use of playing cards in Europe can be traced from 1377 onwards.
Manufacture
The method of making cards has stayed the same for over a century. Cards are two thin pieces of paper stuck together with black paste. Both outer sides are printed. Inside is the design of the card face, the outer is the design for the pack as a whole. The black paste is essential to prevent sight of the face coming through when light shines on the face side. The use of the paste is the reason cards are sometimes called "pasteboards".
One or two packs at a time are printed on large sheets of paper, already pasted. The individual cards are stamped out by a machine which acts like a cookie-cutter. It cuts 36,000 cards per hour. A tiny fraction of a second later the edges of the cards are squashed extra-thin. This is not obvious to the naked eye, but the effect is that the cards slide easily past each other during shuffling.
Printed paper cards hold about 97.5% of the world market. Plastic cards do exist: they were first invented in the 1930s. They last longer than papercards, but have only 2.5% of the market.
References
Other websites
Card game rules
Rules for Belote, a French card game
Rattini

Rattini is a very diverse tribe of muroid rodents in the subfamily Murinae. They are found around Asia and Australasia, with a few species in Europe and northern Africa. The most well-known members of this group are the true rats (genus Rattus), seen worldwide.
Old World rats and mice
Marcio dos Santos Silva

Marcio dos Santos Silva (born February 5, 1969) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club statistics
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|1997||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 1||7||1||2||0||0||0||9||1
7||1||2||0||0||0||9||1
7||1||2||0||0||0||9||1
|}
References
1969 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Hagerman, Idaho

Hagerman is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Gooding County, Idaho
Teton County, Wyoming

Teton County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 21,294 people lived there. Its county seat is Jackson.
Communities
Town
Jackson (county seat)
Census-designated places
Alta
Hoback
Kelly
Moose Wilson Road
Rafter J Ranch
South Park
Teton Village
Wilson
Unincorporated communities
Beaver Creek
Colter Bay Village
Elk
Jack Pine
Lake
Moran
Moose
West Thumb
References
Other websites
Teton County official website
20th-century establishments in Wyoming
1922 establishments in the United States
Wyoming counties
Kamal Lohani

Kamal Lohani (26 June 1934 - 20 June 2020) was a Bangladeshi journalist. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2015 by the Government of Bangladesh. He was the director general of Shilpakala Academy from April 2009 until April 2011.
Lohani got his first job as a journalist in the Daily Millat in 1955. He joined as a secretary at Chhayanaut in 1962. He formed a left cultural organization - Kranti in 1967.
Lohani died on 20 June 2020 from COVID-19 in Dhaka, aged 85.
References
1934 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Bangladeshi journalists
Norra Bro

Norra Bro is a locality in Orebro Municipality in Orebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 687 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Orebro County
Sword Art Online

(also known as SAO) is a 2009 Japanese light novel series written by Reki Kawahara and illustrated by abec. The series is about many virtual reality video game worlds.
Sword Art Online was commercially successful. According to Oricon, SAO was the top selling light novel series of 2012. More than 16 million copies of the light novel has been printed. The novel was later acted into a Japanese Anime.
An anime television series titled Sword Art Online aired in Japan between July and December 2012. It was produced by A-1 Pictures. Its second season called Sword Art Online II aired between July and December 2014. The third season of the anime titled Sword Art Online: Alicization premiered on October 7, 2018.
References
Series of books
2012 anime television series
2014 anime television series
2018 anime television series
Light novels
Ritchie Neville

Richard Neville Dobson known professionally as Ritchie Neville (born 23 August, 1979, in Solihull, Birmingham, England) is an English singer. He is best known for being a member of UK boy band Five. Neville attended the private Bromsgrove School in Worcestershire and was taught by Mike Perry.
1979 births
Living people
English singers
People from Solihull
Carthage

Carthage was an ancient city-state in what is now Tunisia. It began as a Phoenician colony. At the height of its power, Carthage was the most important power in the Mediterranean and controlled parts of Spain, as well as Sicily, North Africa, and Sardinia.
The Roman Republic destroyed Carthage during the Punic Wars of the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. In later centuries, Rome started a colony in the same place that became an important city of Africa Province. Eventually, the Vandals conquered the city and used it to attack Rome.
Punic Wars
Carthage was a rival in the western Mediterranean for the Roman Republic, which wanted to take over the whole region. Carthage was a large obstacle and so in 264 BC, the Romans responded to a plea for help by some rebels in Messina and landed an army in Sicily. That started the First Punic War. The Romans then invaded the Carthaginian areas in Sicily, and the Carthaginian generals could not stop them. Even at sea, the Romans copied the Carthaginian bireme ships, with two oars on each side, and won several major victories on the sea. However, the Romans had not been a sea power, which the Carthaginians had been.
Finally, a general, Hamilcar Barca, took up to defend the Carthaginians and replaced of the older and less energetic Hanno. Hamilcar immediately realized the futility of meeting the superior Roman army in open battle and so he decided to use hit-and-run raids to wear down the Romans. That tactic was slightly more effective against the slow heavily-armored roman troops. Eventually, however, the Romans took Lilybaeum, the Carthaginians' main stronghold in Sicily. That ended Carthage's power in Sicily and ended the First Punic War.
During the Second Punic War, Hannibal Barca led the Carthaginian Army through Spain, southern Gaul and across the Alps into Italy in 218 BC. There, he clashed with and stunningly defeated the Romans in three major battles: the Battle of the River Trebia, the Battle of Lake Trasmine, and the Battle of Cannae. He failed, however, to take Rome and eventually had to retreat to Carthage, where he was defeated by Scipio Africanis at the Battle of Zama.
The Romans destroyed Carthage in 146 BC during the Third Punic War. The Carthaginians who survived, numbering about 50,000, were mostly sold into slavery.
References
Phoenician colonies
Carthage
Lichos

Lichos is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Lichos
Witold Baran

Witold Stanislaw Baran (29 July 1939 - 22 June 2020) was a Polish middle-distance runner. He was born in Chmielow, Ostrowiec County. He participated in the 1964 Summer Olympics, however he did not win any medals. He won a silver medal at the 1962 European Athletics Championships.
Baran died on 22 June 2020 in Warsaw at the age of 80.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
Polish Olympians
Polish middle-distance runners
Suburbia (song)

"Suburbia" is a 1986 song by Pet Shop Boys and is the fourth single from their debut studio album Please. It went to number 1 in Belgium, number 2 in Germany and Spain, number 3 in Ireland, the Netherlands and Switzerland, number 5 in New Zealand, number 6 in Sweden, number 8 in the United Kingdom, number 9 in Australia, number 13 in Finland and number 70 in the United States.
Track listings
7-inch: Parlophone / R 6140 (UK)
"Suburbia" - 4:06
"Paninaro" - 4:37
2x7-inch: Parlophone / RD 6140 (UK)
"Suburbia" - 4:05
"Paninaro" - 4:37
"Love Comes Quickly" [Shep Pettibone Mastermix] (Early Fade) - 6:12
"Jack the Lad" - 4:30
"Suburbia Pt. Two" - 2:20
MC: Parlophone / TC R 6140 (UK)
"Suburbia" - 4:06
"Paninaro" - 4:37
"Jack the Lad" - 4:30
"Love Comes Quickly" [Shep Pettibone Mastermix] - 7:34
MC: Parlophone / TR 6140 (UK)
"Suburbia" (The Full Horror) - 8:55
"Paninaro" - 4:37
"Jack the Lad" - 4:30
"Love Comes Quickly" [Shep Pettibone Mastermix] (Even Earlier Fade) - 5:31
12-inch: Parlophone / 12 R 6140 (UK)
"Suburbia" (The Full Horror) - 8:55
"Paninaro" - 4:37
"Jack the Lad" - 4:30
12-inch: EMI America / V-19226 (US)
"Suburbia" (The Full Horror) - 8:55
"Suburbia" (7-inch version) - 4:06
"Jack the Lad" - 4:30
"Suburbia" (New version, The Full Horror and Part Two remixed by Julian Mendelsohn)
References
1986 songs
Pop songs
Indie pop songs
Pet Shop Boys songs
Luciano Federici

Luciano Federici (16 May 1938 - 18 March 2020) was an Italian professional footballer. He played as a defender.
Federici was born in Carrara, Tuscany. He played for for Carrarese, Cosenza and Pisa during the 1950s and 1960s. On 18 March 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Federici died of COVID-19 in Carrara. He was 81.
References
Other websites
1938 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Italian footballers
Sportspeople from Tuscany
People from Carrara
Kremlin

Kremlin () is the Russian word for "fortress", "citadel" or "castle". It is used to refer to fortified central complexes in historic Russian cities. In Moscow it refers to the central square. The word is also used to mean the government of Russia.
The Necropolis for communists is in one of the walls of the Moscow Kremlin. The mausoleum for Vladimir Lenin is outside.
Related pages
Moscow Kremlin
History of Russia
Rolf Erling Andersen

Rolf Erling Andersen (3 July 1947 - 7 August 2021) was a Norwegian politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He was a member of the Norwegian Parliament from 1997 until 2005.
Andersen died on 7 August 2021 at the age of 74.
References
Norwegian politicians
1947 births
2021 deaths
Ranked list of Dominican provinces

These are ranked lists of the Provinces of Dominican Republic. Population figures areas are taken from the report on the 2010 census.
The percentages (%) mean how much of the country the province has (population and area).
By population
By area
By population density
Map
References
Dominican Republic-related lists
Bortigali

Bortigali (Bortigale) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,341 people lived there. Its area is 67.33 km2. It is 510 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Gulnara Karimova

Gulnara Islamovna Karimova (Cyrillic Uzbek: ; , ; born 8 July 1972) is an Uzbekistani diplomat and the elder daughter of Islam Karimov, the leader of Uzbekistan from 1989 to his death in 2016.
Karimova is the founder of the Forum of Culture and Arts of Uzbekistan Foundation. Many believed that she would have replaced her father as President of Uzbekistan, however, after 2013, Gulnara had conflict with her father, and she began to rapidly lose influence in Uzbekistan.
Karimova was placed under house arrest in Tashkent, Uzbekistan in November 2014 because of money laundering.
References
1972 births
Living people
Uzbekistani people
Ambassadors
Criminals
2008 Detroit Lions season

The 2008 Detroit Lions season was the 79th football season of the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). It was their third year under head coach Rod Marinelli. In 2008, the Lions had one of the worst seasons of any major American pro sports team. They lost all 16 of their regular season games. They were the first NFL team to finish a season with no wins and 16 losses after their loss to the Green Bay Packers. They were the second team with no wins after the 1976 Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Matt Millen was fired during the bye week of the season and the rest of the staff were fired after the season was over.
In 2017, the Cleveland Browns became the second team to lose all 16 regular season games.
Roster
Schedule
Preseason
Regular season
COLOR KEY AND NOTES:
x Means game was blacked out locally
# Means the game was nationally televised
Season facts
Three people who were on the 2008 Lions played in Super Bowl 48. They were Manny Ramirez and Paris Lenon of the Denver Broncos and Cliff Avril for the Seattle Seahawks, who won the Super Bowl.
First 0-16 team in NFL history after loss to the Green Bay Packers
The team won all 4 preseason games.
After losing to the New Orleans Saints in week 16 (7-42), they became the first 0-15 team. They also became the first team to lose 15 straight games since the 2001 Panthers
Gave up 517 points during the season
Third team to lose 14 games, after the 1980 Saints and the 1976 Buccaneers
In week 6 against the Minnesota Vikings in Minnesota, it was the first game where the Lions lost by 2.
In week 13 against the Tennessee Titans, the team gave up 47 points as the team lost 10-47. They fell to 0-12. It would also be the 2nd straight season a NFL team has started 0-12 after the 2007 Miami Dolphins, who finished the year 1-15.
References
Detroit Lions seasons
2008 in sports
2008 in the United States
2000s in Detroit
Attic

The attic is the highest part of a house, it is directly below the roof and old house or old things inside the house like a vintage. It is sometimes used as storage. Some people have "loft conversions" (change the attic into a room people can use) so that they can sleep in it. Attics can be hard to reach, which is why many of them are not used. They can help keep the temperature of the house stable.
Origin
The word "attic" derived from the Attica region in Greece. It comes from the Attic style architecture.
References
Other websites
Construction
Independent Power Producer

An Independent Power Producer (IPP) or Non-Utility Generator (NUG) is an organisation that owns a power-producing facility and can sell electricity to utility companies and electricity users. An IPP is usually a private company and is generally not a public utility company. Transaction of electricity between IPP with its customers are usually regulated under the power purchase agreement.
An independent water and power producer (IWPP) is similar to an IPP, but with a unified process to also output usable treated water.
References
Electric power companies
Wasting Love

"Wasting Love" is a 1992 song by English heavy metal band Iron Maiden and is the third single from their ninth studio album Fear of the Dark. It was only released in the Netherlands and in Spain.
Track listing
CD-Maxi Single
7" Canada Single
References
1992 songs
1990s ballads
Iron Maiden songs
Heavy metal
Jorge de Souza

Jorge de Souza is a volleyball player from Brazil. Jorge competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born on 17 April 1945.
References
Other websites
1945 births
Living people
Brazilian Olympians
Brazilian volleyball players
Sportspeople from Rio de Janeiro
Soap Bubbles (painting)

Soap Bubbles is an oil painting on canvas by Jean-Baptiste-Simeon-Chardin. It was painted sometime between 1733 and 1735. It measures 93 cm x 74.5 cm (36.61 in x 29.33 in.). It hangs in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. Chardin chose homely subjects that proved popular with all classes of French society. For example, he painted several pictures of boys playing.
The National Gallery of Art writes, "For the 18th-century viewer, bubbles were a form of entertainment. But they also were a symbol of the transience of life. The subject was popular; Chardin made at least three and probably four versions of this painting."
The National Gallery of Art continues: "Chardin has rigorously constructed his composition. The boys are framed by a rectangular stone window, the sharp rectangles offset by the hunched youth whose arms and head form a triangle. This triangular shape is echoed in the hat of the younger boy. The focus of the composition, however, is the circular, translucent bubble, which glistens against the warm brown tones of the canvas."
References
1730s paintings
Paintings by Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin
Paintings in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
French paintings
1735
Merrill Womach

Merrill Womach (February 7, 1927 - December 28, 2014) was an American undertaker, organist and gospel singer. He was known for founding National Music Service (now Global Distribution Network, Inc.), which provided recorded music to funeral homes across America, and for surviving a plane crash in Beaver Marsh, Oregon. It left him disfigured with third degree burns on his hands and his entire head.
Womach died in his sleep on December 28, 2014 in his birthplace Spokane, Washington.
References
1927 births
2014 deaths
Singers from Washington (state)
People from Spokane, Washington
Nigerian gospel singers
Hypersonic speed

In aerodynamics, hypersonic speeds are speeds that are significantly faster than the speed of sound. Any speed faster than Mach 5 (five times faster than the speed of sound; 1,715 m/s at sea level) is said to be hypersonic. Hypersonic speeds are distinguished from supersonic speeds, because air and aircraft act very strangely at hypersonic speeds; even stranger than at supersonic speeds.
Characteristics of Hypersonic Flow
When an aircraft is moving at hypersonic speeds, it is subject to certain special effects due to its speed. Some of these effects are:
Thin Shock Layer
As the plane goes faster, the density behind the shock wave increases. At the same time, the volume of the air behind the shock wave decreases. Because of this, the shock layer (the space between the aircraft's body and the shock wave) becomes very thin. This is important because it changes the way the plane has to be built.
Entropy Layer
As a plane goes faster, the entropy change across the shock wave increases. This results in a strong entropy gradient. This causes air around the aircraft to swirl like a vortex, in what is called "vortical flow." This is important because it mixes with what is called the "boundary layer" around the aircraft. A boundary layer is a small area of air around the plane which is moving slower than the air farther away from the aircraft. When the vortical flow mixes with the boundary layer, the boundary layer is disrupted, and the aircraft becomes very unstable.
Viscous Interaction
At very high speeds, objects that are inside the atmosphere become very hot. This can cause the previously mentioned boundary layer of the plane to expand. When the boundary layer expands, the aircraft gets even hotter. Put simply, planes moving extremely fast experience lots and lots of drag and get very very hot. This process is caused by the viscosity of air, which is why this is called "viscous interaction."
Fun Fact
The adjective "sonic" was first used in the 1920s, from the Latin sonus, or "sound." Ever since, it's been used not only to describe things relating to sound, but also things that travel as fast as sound.
Other websites
Note:May not be simple
NASA's Guide to Hypersonics
Fluid mechanics
Latin poetry

Latin poetry is the poetry of Ancient Rome. They started by adapting Greek models. The verse comedies of Plautus are the earliest surviving examples of Latin literature. They were probably composed around 205-184 BC.
There was a play written by a Greek slave, Livius Andronicus, at Rome in 240 BC. Livius translated Greek comedy for Roman audiences. He used metres that were those of Greek drama, but modified to the needs of Latin.
His successors, Plautus and Terence, continued this process. The traditional metre of Greek epic poetry, the dactylic hexameter, was introduced into Latin literature by Ennius (239-169 BC). Ennius provided a model for the later 'classical' poets such as Virgil and Ovid. Horace (who was a contemporary of Virgil) wrote verses in dactylic hexameter. They were in a conversational style, as if writing a letter. Virgil's hexameters are regarded as "the supreme metrical system of Latin literature".
References
Poetry
Classical Roman literature
Juliusz Paetz

Juliusz Paetz (2 February 1935 - 15 November 2019) was a Polish bishop of the Catholic Church. He was the Bishop of Lomza from 1982 to 1996 and as the Archbishop of Poznan from 1996 to 2002. He resigned because of sexual harassment allegations. After 2002, he was archbishop emeritus of Poznan. He was born in Poznan, Poland.
Paetz died on 15 November 2019 in Pleszew, Poland at the age of 84.
References
1935 births
2019 deaths
Polish Roman Catholic bishops
People from Poznan
Hal Miller

Harold Miller is an American actor and singer. He is best known for playnig Gordon on Sesame Street until replaced by Roscoe Orman in Season 6.
He made two appearances on Law & Order.
References
Other websites
American television actors
1933 births
2017 deaths
20th-century American comedians
People from Harlem
List of governors of Tripura

This is a list of the governors of Tripura, a state in northeast India, since its inception as a state on 21 January 1972.
List
References
Edgware

Edgware () is a suburban town in northern Greater London, mostly in the London Borough of Barnet.
As of 2011, the town had a population of 76,506 and is made up of five wards from both Barnet and Harrow boroughs.
References
London Borough of Barnet
Towns in London