pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Andrea Schroeder

Andrea K. Schroeder (June 2, 1964 - October 1, 2021) was an American politician. She was a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 2019 to 2021. Schroeder was born in Detroit, Michigan.
Schroeder died on October 1, 2021 from stomach cancer in Independence Township, Michigan at the age of 57.
References
1964 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Detroit
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Samuel Witwer

Samuel Weiler "Sam" Witwer IV (born October 20, 1977) is an American actor and musician. He has appeared in individual episodes of many television shows as well as minor recurring characters in shows including Battlestar Galactica.
Filmography
Movies
Gamer (2009)
Pathology (2008)
The Mist (2007)
Television
2001: ER - Tommy (1 episode)
2001-03: JAG - Beasley (3 episodes)
2002: Dark Angel - Marrow (1 episode)
2004: Cold Case - James Creighton (1 episode)
2004-05: Battlestar Galactica - Lt. Crashdown (11 episodes)
2006: Dexter - Neil Perry (3 episodes)
2007: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia - Muscular Man
2007-08: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation - Officer Casella (3 episodes)
2008-09: Smallville - Davis Bloome
2010: The Walking Dead - Zombie soldier inside the tank
2011-present: Being Human - Aidan McCollin
2011-2013: Star Wars: The Clone Wars - Darth Maul
Video games
2008: Star Wars: The Force Unleashed - Galen Marek, Darth Sidious
2010: Star Wars: The Forde Unleashed II - Galen Marek, Darth Sidious
References
1977 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Illinois
American voice actors
Dale Winton

Dale Jonathan Winton (22 May 1955 - 18 April 2018) was an English television personality and DJ. He began his DJ career in 1982 by DJing on weekends. He was born in London. This led him to United Biscuits Industrial Radio where he did many kinds of jobs before getting his own morning show. After that, he joined Radio Trent in Nottingham. He was on a variety of different radio stations. He was a DJ on Radio 2.
His television career began in 1987, working for Channel Four, the Lifestyle Channel. his best known television programme however was Dale's Supermarket Sweep It was broadcast from 1993 to 2007 on ITV with a new series in 2010 on Sky. He also acted in Pets Win Prizes, The Great British Song Contest, Gimme Gimme Gimme, Touch The Truck, Dale's Wedding, Celebrity Fit Club, Never Mind the Buzzcocks, In It To Win It, Show Me What You've Got and Hole In The Wall among other TV programmes.
He had 1 hit single to date, his hit was as Dale Winton featuring Bar-codes & Alison Brown. It reached number 72 in 1994
Winton was openly gay.
Winton died suddenly on 18 April 2018 in London at the age of 62.
References
1955 births
2018 deaths
Actors from London
BBC radio presenters
BBC television presenters
British radio personalities
English LGBT people
English television actors
English television presenters
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT broadcasters
ITV presenters
Radio personalities from London
Vice President of Ecuador

The Vice President of Ecuador is the second highest political position in Ecuador. In many instances, the vice president succeeded the president in turbulent political situations. The last time was in 2005 after the resignation of president Lucio Gutierrez. According to the current constitution, the vice president is elected on the same ticket as the president.
History
Below is the history of the office holders. The list is complete.
List of vice presidents
References
Emperor Tenmu

Emperor Tenmu was the 40th Emperor of Japan. He reigned from 673 to 686.
References
Emperors of Japan
Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond

Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond (Welsh: Edmwnd ap Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur; 11 June 1430 -- 3 November 1456) was a Welsh knight and nobleman who was the Earl of Richmond from 1452 until his death in 1456. Edmund was the father of Henry VII, who invaded England and became king of England in 1485. He was the oldest child of Owen Tudor and his wife, the dowager queen Catherine of Valois. He was also a half-brother to Henry VI.
In 1455, he married the 12-year-old woman, Lady Margaret Beaufort, who would become one of the most powerful women in Europe. He was a brave knight. He participated in the War of the Roses fighting for the Lancaster side. However, while he was fighting, he was captured by a Yorkist soilder and was imprisoned at Carmarthen Castle where he was murdered there at the age of 26. He was buried at St David's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire. His only child would be born two months after his death.
House of Tudor
House of Lancaster
Earls and countesses
1430 births
1456 deaths
Iboga

Tabernanthe iboga or simply iboga is a perennial rainforest shrub, native to western Central Africa. Iboga can be used as a drug; it stimulates the central nervous system when taken in small doses and induces hallucinations in larger doses. In parts of Africa where the plant grows, the bark of the root is chewed for various pharmacological or ritualistic purposes. Ibogaine, the active alkaloid, is also used to treat substance abuse disorders and depression. A small amount of ibogaine, along with precursors of ibogaine, are found in Voacanga africana.
Normally, the plant grows to a height of about 2m. It may eventually grow into a small tree up to 10 m tall. It has small green leaves. Its flowers are white and pink, while the fruit can be either an elongated oval shape, or a round spherical shape. Fruits are orange in color. Its yellow-colored roots contain a number of indole alkaloids, most notably ibogaine, which is found in the highest concentration in the root-bark. The root material, bitter in taste, causes anesthetic sensation in the mouth as well as systemic numbness to the skin.
Apocynaceae
Shrubs
Carl-Henrik Hermansson

Carl-Henrik "C.-H." Hermansson (14 December 1917 - 26 July 2016) was a Swedish politician. He was born in Bollnas, Sweden. He was chairman of the Communist Party of Sweden (during his leadership renamed to the Left Party - Communists) from 1964 to 1975 and member of parliament from 1963 to 1985. He was a major force in redirecting the Left Party Communists policies away from Moscow loyalism towards Eurocommunism and Scandinavian Popular Socialism.
At the time of Joseph Stalin's death in 1953, Hermansson heaped praise on Stalin's greatness in a few speeches, something he was regularly reminded of by journalists and political opponents, even though he repeatedly made public his regret for the things said.
Hermansson died on 26 July 2016 at the age of 98.
References
1917 births
2016 deaths
Swedish politicians
Swedish writers
Communists
IPv4 address shortage

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) has roughly 4 billion IP addresses. This is a problem because there are more than 4 billion Internet-connected computers in the world. This has led to a shortage of IPv4 addresses.
Solutions
IPv6
The long term solution is to switch to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). IPv6 has trillions of trillions of addresses, enough to give every computer in the world a unique IP address. Unfortunately, IPv6 is mostly incompatible with IPv4, and implementing it often requires replacing equipment such as routers. Not all ISPs currently offer IPv6. There are several backward compatibility protocols such as Protocol 41 and Teredo that allow a computer with only an IPv4 address to obtain an IPv6 address.
Network Address Translation
Network Address Translation (NAT) splits a single public IPv4 address into multiple private IPv4 addresses. It is considered a short term solution because it does not usually allow incoming connections without manual configuration of port forwarding.
Carrier-grade Network Address Translation
Carrier-grade Network Address Translation (CGN or CGNAT) is Network Address Translation done by the Internet Service Provider (ISP). It is a short-term solution to provide IPv4 access where the ISP has more customers than public IP addresses. In this setup, multiple customers share a single public IPv4 address. CGN has the major drawback that it does not allow incoming connections at all, because the address translator does not know which customer an incoming connection was intended for. This makes it impossible or very difficult to host services such as websites or file servers. It also causes problems with some online games, online security cameras, and BitTorrent. Most land-line ISPs don't use CGN yet, but mobile providers often do. The address block 100.64.0.0/10 is reserved for CGN, although many ISPs improperly use 10.0.0.0/8 instead. ISPs that use CGN usually offer a public IPv4 address to customers that request one. They may offer this for free, charge a one-time fee, or charge a monthly or yearly fee. In the future they might not offer public IPv4 addresses or might charge a large fee for them, due to supply and demand.
Class E addresses
Another proposal was to assign the class E IPv4 addresses, which are 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.254, for use on the public Internet. These addresses are currently reserved for "future" or "experimental" use. This would only add about 268 million addresses to the IPv4 Internet - not enough to prevent running out of addresses. Another issue with this approach is that most operating systems (including Windows), routers, servers, and other equipment block these addresses, as they assume that they are invalid. Using these addresses would require updating every computer, router, and server to recognize them as valid - effort which would better be spent on deploying IPv6.
Notes
References
Internet protocols
Ballistics

Ballistics the study of the motion of projectiles (flying objects), mainly about bullets which are fired from guns or cannon, but also about the motion of spacecrafts, motion of balls in ball games, etc. The motion of projectiles can be expressed by trajectories, which are the paths which a projectile takes. This science shows us the path and behavior of projectiles. Gun ballistics may be divided into the following four categories.
Internal ballistics is about the motion of projectile inside barrel (tube part of gun). This motion depends on the pressure of gas, which is created by burning gunpowder. The pressure is depends on (is related to) the amount of gunpowder in the bullet, the type of gunpowder, size of pieces of gunpowder, free space behind a bullet and outside temperature. This motion also depends on the size and weight of bullet. The most important number from internal ballistics for performance is the muzzle velocity (projectile speed from the front edge of barrel).
Transition ballistics is the study about the behavior and changes in a nearby distance from the barrel. It studies the effect of gases going from a barrel behind a bullet, which are faster than bullet. These gases can affect the ballistic path, usually in a bad way.
External ballistics studies the trajectory of a projectile when it is outside of the object which accelerates it (such as when a bullet leaves the barrel of the gun, from which it is fired). This trajectory depends on three ballistic conditions - the beginning speed, the angle at which the object is thrown, and the ballistic coefficient (a number, which describes the influences of the air on the object). Trajectory of a projectile is also influenced by (depends on) resistance of air, rotation of bullet, the density and pressure of the air, and the strength and direction in which the wind may be blowing. For long-distance missiles, they also have to consider the changes in the magnetic field of the Earth.
Terminal ballistics is about what happens when the projectile hits something, and either comes to a stop, or bounces off the other object.
References
Network Ten

Network Ten is one of three major television networks in Australia. It started broadcasting television in 1965, when they were called Independent Television Network.
Shows
Shows that Network Ten buy from other countries and broadcast in Australia include:
The Simpsons
The O.C.
Jericho
The Biggest Loser
House
The Bold and the Beautiful
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Everybody Hates Chris
Futurama
Law & Order
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Law & Order: Criminal Intent
JAG
NCIS
Medium
NUMB3RS
Smallville
Supernatural
Veronica Mars
World Poker Tour
Shows made in Australia for Network Ten include:
Australian Idol
Before The Game
Big Brother Australia
The Biggest Loser
Neighbours
Rove Live
David Tench Tonight
Jamie's Kitchen Australia
Joker Poker
Real Stories
The Ronnie Johns Half Hour
Thank God You're Here
The Wedge
9am with David and Kim
Tripping Over
Australian television networks
Lake Park, Iowa

Lake Park is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Strip club

A strip club is a type of club that has performers who dance while removing their clothes and have security protect strip club. Most strip clubs are also bars which serve alcohol. Many communities have rules on strip clubs, such as rules on how many strip clubs are allowed to exist in the community, rules on the minimum distance that must be kept between dancers and customers, or rules on what clothing cannot be taken off (e.g. panties).
Some strip clubs offer lap dancing, which is a type of sex work that typically involves a female dancer pressing her body against a male customer for a fee.
Strip clubs can be a source of debates in a community. Iceland banned strip clubs for feminist reasons while in Britain there is still discussion about whether they are positive for women.
References
Entertainment venues
Sex industry
CitySpire Center

CitySpire Center is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is 248 meters (814 feet) tall and has 75 floors. It was built in 1989 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world
Related pages
List of tallest buildings in the world
List of tallest buildings in New York City
Other websites
Emporis.com - CitySpire Center
SkycraperPage.com - CitySpire Center
Skyscrapers in New York City
1989 establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Explanation

An explanation is an attempt to answer the question "why". Asked of a person, it is a question about motive: "why did you do this?". Asked of a natural event, it is a question about natural causes (causation).
In science, an explanation is the link between an event which is a cause, and a second event, which is an effect. The phrase "cause and effect" refers to this. The relationship between the two events is known as causality. The philosopher Mario Bunge said, "We do not rest content with finding facts but wish to know why they should occur rather than not".
As a general rule, explanations move from what we know to what we do not know. This is important because it explains why different kinds of people may need different explanations. "A child, a lay person and an expert may need different explanations of the same thing, since what is already familiar to them will differ".
The asking of questions depends on language, and is peculiar to humans. It starts very soon after a child learns how to speak. A kind of game which young children play with adults is the 'why game'. Every parent gets the experience of their child asking a never-ending stream of why questions, until at last the adult says "Well, it just is!"
There can be plenty of argument about whether or not an explanation is appropriate, and if so, whether it is correct. If one asks why the sun gives out heat and light, to say "because it is daytime" is not appropriate, even if it might indeed be daytime. The real answer was not known until the 20th century. Before then peoples like the ancient Egyptians thought it was caused by a god (Aten).
Types
Different kinds of why questions need different kinds of explanations. including:
General explanations
These add something to human knowledge.
explanations which are based on a principle or theory.
"It is often said that a key difference between historians and political scientists is that historians tend to construct narrative-based explanations while political scientists ... tend to construct theory-based explanations".
Personal explanations
A personal question like "Why did you do that?" clearly asks for an explanation. What that explanation might be depends on context: it all depends on circumstance. This type of question about motives only applies to the people concerned.
explanations which relate to goals or purposes.
Why are you doing that? Explanation: Because I'm going to build a boat.
Many kinds of explanations are made up of more than one type. An explanation can be valid or invalid or a combination of both. Some explanations may appear reasonable, but turn out to be misleading or wrong.
Related pages
Argument
References
Causality
Philosophy
Human communication
The Model of Villa Cedri (Amisani)

The Model of Villa Cedri (also known as La Modella di Villa Cedri) is a 20th-century painted in oil by the italian painter Giuseppe Amisani. He painted it in 1920. It is part of the collection of the Museum of Civic Museum of Villa Cedri in Bellinzona, Swiss.
Related pages
Giuseppe Amisani
References
Other websites
Giuseppe Amisani, La Modella, Museo Civico di Villa Cedri, Swiss
1920s paintings
Swiss culture
Paintings by Giuseppe Amisani
Judith Rakers

Judith Rakers (born 6 January 1976 in Paderborn, Germany) is a German journalist and television presenter.
Biography
Rakers grew up in Bad Lippspringe with her single father. She graduated from the Pelizaeus-Gymnasium Paderborn. She studied journalism and communication studies, German philology and modern and contemporary history at the University of Munster. At the same time, Rakers worked as a radio presenter at the NRW-local radio stations; Radio Hochstift and Antenne Munster.
From January 2004 to 17 January 2010, Rakers presented the Hamburg Journal for local TV station Norddeutscher Rundfunk.
Since 2005, Rakers has presented the Tagesschau news programme on ARD, as well as reading the news in the Tagesthemen, Nachtmagazin and Morgenmagazin.
In addition to the Tagesschau, Rakers also presents Radio Bremen's talk show 3 nach 9.
On 14 May 2011 she hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Dusseldorf, Germany together with Stefan Raab and Anke Engelke.
References
Other websites
Judith Rakers' official website
1976 births
Living people
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
German journalists
German television actors
German television presenters
German voice actors
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
Anyang

Anyang () is a city in northern Henan in the People's Republic of China.
Cities in China
Henan
Cooking Channel

Cooking Channel is an Anerican television channel It replaced Fine Living Network from May 31, 2010. The channel is owned by Scripps Networks Interactive. It is a spinoff of Food Network which is also owned by SNI. The channel focuses more on instructional programs than "reality style" and competitions that Food Network is now geared towards. The original plan was to make the change in the fall of 2010. It was later announced that the switch would be made on May 31, 2010 to happen with Memorial Day in the United States. Cooking Channel launched a high-definition channel on June 30, 2010. The channel has also announced it eventually will offer an on demand version.
Programming
Many of Food Network's top chefs and celebrities had new programs on the channel starting in the fall of 2010. These included - Emeril Lagasse, Rachael Ray and Bobby Flay. Lagasse's program, Emeril's Fresh Food Fast, showed viewers how fresh food can be prepared in a short amount of time without the lose of authentic taste. Flay's program, Bruch @ Bobby's focused on Weekend bruches/ Ray's program, Week In a Day showedviewers how to plan a week's menu by cooking them all in a single day.
The channel also carried the new "post-game" show for The Next Food Network Star. It also aried replays of programs from cooks in Canada and Great Britain, These include Food Network Canada host David Rocco's David Rocco's Dolce Vita and Irish chef Rachel Allen's Rachel Allen: Bake!.
References
Other websites
Cooking Channel Fan Page on Facebook
Cooking Channel Chat Page on Twitter
American television networks
Cable television
2010 establishments in the United States
Knoxville, Tennessee
21st-century establishments in Tennessee
Kerewan (Gambia)

Kerewan is one of eight Local Government Areas (LGA) in the Gambia. It is north of the Gambia River.
The city of Kerewan is the headquarters of the North Bank Region. In 2013 about 220,000 lived in the LGA. Of those, about 200,000 lived in the city.
Cities in the Gambia
Local Government Areas of the Gambia
Sara Rue

Sara Rue (born January 26, 1979 in New York City, New York) is an American actress. She played the roles of "Carmen Ferrara" on the drama Popular and "Claudia Casey" on the sitcom Less Than Perfect.
Other websites
Sara's Bio @ abc.com
American television actors
Actors from New York City
1979 births
Living people
Gail O'Grady

Gail Ann O'Grady (born January 28, 1963 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American television actress. She performed on the series American Dreams and NYPD Blue.
References
Other websites
1963 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Detroit
Dean Jones

Dean Jones may mean:
Dean Jones (cricketer) (1961-2020), Australian cricketer
Dean Jones (actor) (1931-2015), American actor
Dean Jones, singer of Extreme Noise Terror
Related pages
Jones (surname)
List of people with surname Jones
Alloa Athletic F.C.

Alloa Athletic F.C. is a football club which plays in Scotland.
References
Scottish football clubs
1878 establishments in Scotland
Murray Tyrrell

Sir Murray Louis Tyrrell (1 December 1913 - 13 July 1994) was an Australian public servant. He was the Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia from 1947 to 1973. In his record term of 26 years, served six governors-general. In 1959, he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In 1977, he was named Australian of the Year with Dame Raigh Roe.
Tyrrell was born in Kilmore, Victoria. He married Ellen St Clair Greig on 6 May 1939. The couple had three children. He lived in Queanbeyan, New South Wales.
Tyrrell died on 13 July 1994 in Canberra of the Australian Capital Territory. He was 80.
References
1913 births
1994 deaths
Australian civil servants
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
People from Victoria (Australia)
Pitch bend

A pitch bend is a music effect on where one note will slide to another note. Pitch bends is a technical term that is used in MIDI technology and there are some genres of music such as rock and video game where pitch bends are often heard. The first synthesizer with a pitch wheel was the Minimoog, in 1970.
References
Music
Cornwall Council

Cornwall Council is the local government for Cornwall. It was started in 2009. Previously Cornwall had six district councils.
Other websites
cornwall.gov.uk - Official website
Government of Cornwall
2009 establishments in England
Rayssa Leal

Jhulia Rayssa Mendes Leal, also known as Rayssa Leal, (born 4 January 2008) is a goofy-footed Brazilian skateboarder from Imperatriz, Brazil.
Rayssa will represent Brazil at the Tokyo Olympic Games, scheduled to start on July 23, 2021, Rayssa Leal has medal chances seen in the last few championships and worlds.
The youngest athlete in Brazil to participate in an Olympics, Rayssa Leal is one of the three athletes who will represent Brazil in the women's street, perhaps the competition among all the Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020 in which Brazil has the most chances for a medal. At the Japan Olympics, Fadinha, as she is known, will be accompanied by her friends Pamela Rosa and Leticia Bufoni.
References
Other websites
We Checked In On 10-Year-Old Skater Rayssa Leal and She Still Rips | The Inertia
Living people
Skateboarders
Brazilian Olympic silver medalists
2008 births
Competitors at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Ned Flanders

Nedward "Ned" Flanders is a character in the animated television series The Simpsons.
History
Creation
Ned Flanders and his son Todd first appeared in the season one episode "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire", which was the series first episode. The first episode in which Flanders and his family were seen is season two's "Dead Putting Society", which also showed the first appearance of Maude and Rod Flanders.
Name
Flanders was named after Flanders St. in Portland, Oregon, the hometown of Simpsons creator Matt Groening. Groening wanted Flanders as "just a guy who was truly nice, that Homer had no justifiable reason to loathe, but then did." It was not until after the first few episodes that it was decided Flanders would be a faithful Christian. Mike Scully said that Flanders is "everything Homer would love to be, although he'll never admit it." Flanders had originally been meant to just be a neighbor that Homer was jealous of, but Harry Shearer used "such a sweet voice" and Flanders was planned to become a Christian and a sweet guy that someone would choose to live next to over Homer.
How he was received
Ned's "unbearable niceness" has been described as "The Simpsons' worst comment about religion". Although Flanders was meant to be only a character making fun of the Christian right, he has since become a favorite of many Christian viewers. He has been described as "[The United States]' most well-known evangelical." Dr. Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, declared himself as a Simpsons fan, and said he likes Flanders.
References
Other websites
Ned Flanders at TheSimpsons.com
The Simpsons characters
Animated human characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1989
de:Figuren aus Die Simpsons#Ned Flanders
pl:Postacie w serialu Simpsonowie#Ned Flanders
Bernhard Vogel

Bernhard Vogel (; born 19 December 1932) is a German politician. He is a member of the CDU. He was the 4th Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1976 to 1988 and the 2nd Minister President of Thuringia from 1992 to 2003.
He is the only person to have been head of two different German federal states. He is the longest governing Minister President of Germany. He was the 28th and 40th President of the Bundesrat in 1976/77 and 1987/88.
References
1932 births
Living people
German politicians
Albières

Albieres is a commune of 73 people (1999). It is in the region Languedoc-Roussillon in the Aude department in the south of France.
References
Other websites
Communes in Aude
Wiesendangen

Wiesendangen is a municipality of the district of Winterthur of the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipality of Bertschikon bei Attikon merged into the municipality of Wiesendangen.
Villages
Wiesendangen, Attikon, Wallikon, Menzengrut, Buch, Bertschikon, Gundetswil, Kefikon, Liebensberg, Stegen, Gundlikon and Zunikon
References
Other websites
Official website of Wiesendangen
Municipalities of Zurich
Montamy

Montamy is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Hardenberg

Hardenberg is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 61,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies at the Vecht river in Salland region and borders both Drenthe province and Germany.
References
Plaatsengids.nl
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Overijssel
Municipalities of Overijssel
Salland
Abdalqadir as-Sufi

Abdalqadir as-Sufi (born Ian Dallas; 1930 - 1 August 2021) was a Scottish Islamic scholar and writer. He was the leader of the Darqawi-Shadhili-Qadiri Tariqa and founder of the Murabitun World Movement. He wrote many books on Islam, Sufism and political theory.
As-Sufi was born in Ayr, Scotland. He converted to Islam in 1967 with the imam of the Qarawiyyin Mosque in Fez, Morocco. As-Sufi died on 1 August, 2021 in Cape Town, South Africa.
References
Other websites
Abdalqadir as-Sufi's Official Website
Dallas College
1930 births
2021 deaths
Scottish academics
British Muslims
Converts to Islam
Scottish writers
People from Ayr
East Kwaio constituency

East Kwaio is a constituency of the Solomon Islands. It is in the Malaita Province. It was created in 1976.
Election results
References
Solomon Islands parliamentary constituencies
Everybody Lay Down

"Everybody Lay Down" is a 1993 song by Pat Benatar. It is the leading single from her ninth studio album Gravity's Rainbow. It went to number 50 in Canada and number 3 in the Billboard Modern Rock chart.
Track listing
7-inch single (Jukebox release)
"Everybody Lay Down" - 4:25
"Promises in the Dark" (Live) - 5:11
CD single (US promo)
"Everybody Lay Down" (Edit Version) - 3:57
"Everybody Lay Down" (Album Version) - 4:25
CD single (Japanese release)
"Everybody Lay Down" (Edit Version) - 3:57
"Everybody Lay Down" (Album Version) - 4:25
References
1993 songs
Pat Benatar songs
Caravan (travellers)

A caravan (from ) is a group of people traveling together. Often they are on a trade expedition. Caravans were used mainly in desert areas and throughout the Silk Road. Traveling in groups aided in defense against bandits, in the same way that convoys at sea helped protect against piracy. It also helped improve economies of scale in trade. In the 14th century there were reports of caravans of up to 12,000 camels.
In historical times, caravans traveled across East Asia and Europe. They often carried luxurious and lucrative goods, such as silks or jewelry. They would trade these for salt, gold, copper or slaves. At first donkey carts were used. They were replaced with the single hump camel. The camel could go great distances on very little water.
Caravans could require a large investment in goods and camels. They were a rich target for bandits. The profits from a successful trade journey could be great. Many rulers along important trade routes created caravanserai (way stations). These were places where caravans could refresh their animals and supplies can be replenished. However, the volume a caravan could transport was limited. For example, a caravan of 500 camels could only transport as much as a third or half of the goods carried by a regular Byzantine merchant sailing ship.
Present-day caravans still transport important goods in less-developed areas of the world. Examples are the camel trains traversing the southern edges of the Sahara Desert. Also, modern caravans are often made up of cars, trucks and busses.
References
Transport
Lauter, Bavaria

Lauter () is a community in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg and a member of the administrative community (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Baunach.
References
Other websites
Administrative community's website
Bamberg (district)
United Nations Convention Against Torture

Convention against Torture is a treaty of international human rights law created by United Nations on December 10 1984 that prohibits all kind of torture, any cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment or treatment harming the person's dignity. The Convention entered into force on 26 June 1987. As of April 2022, 173 countries has ratified the Convention.
The Convention is supervised by the Committee Against Torture.
The Convention also has the optional protocol that enables national or international organization for human rights investigators to research the prisons in a country that ratifies the protocol for knowing if any torture or inhuman treatments or punishments prohibited by the Convention are done. As of April 2022, 91 countries has ratified the protocol.
Related pages
Torture
International human rights law
References
Torture
Human rights
International law
Power Stone Collection

Power Stone Collection, known as Power Stone Portable (pawasuton potaburu) in Japan, is a game released for the PlayStation Portable in 2006 and later ported as a download-only version for the PlayStation Vita in 2012. It includes Power Stone and Power Stone 2 along with extra content, such as 12 new items, the ability to play as Kraken and Valgas in the second game and Pete, Julia, Gourmand, and Accel in the first game. However, the VMU features from the second game were removed.
Other websites
https://web.archive.org/web/20121128085028/http://www.capcom.co.jp/powerstone_p (broken link)
http://www.gamefaqs.com/psp/932137-power-stone-collection
PlayStation Portable games
PlayStation Portable-only games
2006 video games
Fighting games
Compilation video games
Clandestine in Chile

Clandestine in Chile is a novel written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel Garcia Marquez. It was published in 1986. The story was based on the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet and when movie director Miguel Littin was in exile.
1986 books
Books by Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Non-fiction literature
Sundsvall Municipality

Sundsvall Municipality () is a municipality in Vasternorrland County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Sundsvall.
References
Other websites
Sundsvall Municipality
Municipalities of Vasternorrland County
National Command Authority (Pakistan)

The National Command Authority (NCA) of Pakistan is the Pakistani organisation responsible for policy formulation. It has control over employment and development for all strategic nuclear forces and strategic organizations.
Military of Pakistan
Wim Ruska

Willem "Wim" Ruska (29 August 1940 - 14 February 2015) was a Dutch judoka. He was the only athlete to win two judo medals in one Olympics - in the heavyweight and absolute categories in 1972.
Ruska was admitted to a nursing home in 2014, he died on 14 February 2015, aged 74.
References
1940 births
2015 deaths
Dutch judoka
Dutch Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Edifício Copan

Edificio Copan is a skyscraper in Sao Paulo, Brazil. It is 140 meters (460 feet) tall and has 38 floors. It was built in 1966. The building was designed by Oscar Niemeyer.
Related pages
Downtown Sao Paulo
Mirante do Vale
Edificio Italia
Edificio Altino Arantes
Buildings and structures in Sao Paulo
Skyscrapers in Brazil
1966 establishments in South America
1960s establishments in Brazil
Indiana Evans

Indiana Rose Evans is an Australian actress and singer. She was born in Sydney, Australia. She is known for portraying Matilda Hunter in Home and Away, Bella Hartley in H2O: Just Add Water and Emmaline Robinson in Blue Lagoon: The Awakening.
Other websites
1990 births
Living people
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
People from Sydney
Tax avoidance

Tax avoidance is a legal way to avoid or reduce the tax payed to the government or state. It contrasts with tax evasion, which is illegal dodges to avoid paying tax. A tax shelter is one type of tax avoidance. Tax havens are places which offer low tax.
The World Bank's World Development Report 2019 on the future of work says governments should curb tax avoidance. It remains a fact that tax avoidance is the way many companies and rich people manage to pay as little tax as possible.
References
Taxation
Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland

Princess Estelle of Sweden, Duchess of Ostergotland (Estelle Silvia Ewa Mary; born 23 February 2012) is the oldest child of Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden. Her younger brother is Prince Oscar, Duke of Skane. She is second in line of succession to the Swedish throne.
The princess was born at 04:26 Central European Time on 23 February 2012 at Karolinska University Hospital. She was named the following day.
Titles and styles and Honors
23 February 2012 - present: Her Royal Highness Princess Estelle Silvia Ewa Mary of Sweden, Duchess of Ostergotland
Member and Commander of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (christening, 22 May 2012)
References
Other websites
Royal Court of Sweden - Princess Estelle
|-
Swedish princesses
2012 births
Living people
People from Stockholm
House of Bernadotte
Conservative wave

The conservative wave (Spanish: ola conservadora Portuguese: onda conservadora) or blue tide is a conservative political happening that started in the mid-2010s in Latin America. It was a reaction to the pink tide. The happening has been seen as declining since the late 2010s as as second pink tide has been seen happening.
Background
After 10 years of left-wing government, the influence of the left began to decrease. In Argentina the conservative Mauricio Macri took the place of the Peronist Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner in 2015. In Brazil there was Dilma Rousseff, who was impeached with Michel Temer taking her job in 2016. In Peru the conservative economist (person who studies economics) Pedro Pablo Kuczynski took the job of the President before him, Ollanta Humala. In Chile, the conservative Sebastian Pinera took the job of socialist Michelle Bachelet in 2018. In 2018 Jair Bolsonaro was elected President of Brazil, and in 2021, the conservative banker Guillermo Lasso was elected President of Ecuador.
These events in Latin America are similar to other happenings around the world, such as the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States in 2016. The increase of evangelicals in Latin America may have helped start up the conservative wave.
However in late 2010 and early 2020, the elections of left-wing presidents in Chile, Honduras, Colombia, Argentina, Mexico and Peru saw a comeback of the Pink tide and the end of the Conservative wave.
Presidents elected
Below are right-wing and centre-right presidents who have held office in Latin America since 2010 during this wave. Centre-right presidents are marked with *.
Related pages
Pink tide
References
2010s in South America
Politics of South America
Sorsogon

Sorsogon is a province in the Bicol Region of the Philippines. It is the farthest south province of Luzon. As of 2020, 828,655 people live there. Sorsogon City is its capital and biggest city.
Its area is . Albay is to the north, the Philippine Sea is to the east, the San Bernardino Strait is to the south, the Ticao Pass is to the west, and the Burias Pass is to the northwest.
References
Provinces of the Philippines
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (; 24 October 1932 - 18 May 2007) was a French physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1991.
In 1971, he became professor at the College de France, and participated in STRASACOL (a joint action of Strasbourg, Saclay and College de France) on polymer physics.
His works focused on granular materials and the memory of the brain.
References
1932 births
2007 deaths
French physicists
Scientists from Paris
Derby, Iowa

Derby is a city in Lucas County, Iowa, United States. 90 people lived here in 2020, when the census was taken. It was founded in 1872. The city is about 0.26 square miles big.
Demographics
2010 Census
During the 2010 census, there were 115 people, 47 households, and 31 families living in the city. There were about 442.3 inhabitants per square mile (170.8/km2). There were 55 homes at an average density of 211.5 per square mile (81.7/km2). Most of the city is white and 0.9% from two or more races.
There were 47 households, of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.0% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.97.
The average age in the city was 41.5 years. 24.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.2% were from 25 to 44; 31.3% were from 45 to 64; and 15.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.3% male and 48.7% female.
References
Cities in Iowa
Mecodema jacinda

Mecodema jacinda is a large-bodied ground beetle endemic to Maungatautari Sanctuary, Waikato, New Zealand. It is the largest species of Mecodema found on Maungatautari, which also has the medium-sized M. curvidens inhabiting the forest. It is named after New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern.
It is in the family Carabidae and the suborder Adephaga.
References
Carabidae
Animals of Oceania
Great Eastern Railway

The Great Eastern Railway (GER) was a pre-grouping British railway company. The company's main line linked London Liverpool Street to Norwich and had other lines through East Anglia. The company was grouped into the London and North Eastern Railway in 1923.
Other websites
Great Eastern Railway Society
Archived copy of a page containing comprehensive details of those railways
Shipping interests of the company
Manningtree Rail Users Association
Pre-grouping British railway companies
London and North Eastern Railway
Transport in Epping Forest
1862 establishments in the United Kingdom
1860s establishments in England
1923 disestablishments
1920s disestablishments in England
Mura

Mura is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.
It has an area of 47.67 km2 and a population of 231 people.
Municipalities in Catalonia
Amarillo, Texas

Amarillo is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in the northern part of Texas. The city's economy is mostly based on cattle. In 2000, 173,627 people lived there.
References
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Professor's Cube

The Professor's Cube is a mechanical puzzle, a 5x5x5 version of the Rubik's Cube. It has qualities in common with both the original 3x3x3 Rubik's Cube and the 4x4x4 Rubik's Revenge, and knowing how to solve either can help when working on the 5x5x5 cube.
Related pages
Pocket Cube
Rubik's Cube
Rubik's Revenge
Logic
Puzzles
Mischa de Vreede

Mischa de Vreede (17 September 1936 - 12 May 2020) was a Dutch poet and writer. She was born in Batavia, Dutch East Indies. She made her debut in the collection of poetry Morgen mooi weer maken in 1957.
In 1959 she was awarded the Herman Gorterprijs for the poem Een jong meisje droomt. She wrote columns for, among others, VARA radio, wrote children books reviews for NRC Handelsblad and was a speaker for the organization Schrijvers School Samenleving. She also wrote travel reports for Vrij Nederland.
Her last novel was Heilige Dagen in 2007.
Vreede died in Amsterdam on 12 May 2020 after a long-illness, aged 83.
References
1936 births
2020 deaths
Literary critics
Dutch columnists
Dutch novelists
Dutch poets
People from Batavia
Geoffrey Bayldon

Geoffrey Bayldon (7 January 1924 - 10 May 2017) was a British actor. He is known for having the lead role in Catweazle (1970-72). Bayldon declined the role of both the First and Second Doctors in the long-running BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. He was born in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire.
Bayldon died on 10 May 2017 in London at the age of 93. His partner of many years, fellow actor Alan Rowe, predeceased him in 2000.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Leeds
Actors who played Q
English LGBT people
English movie actors
English television actors
Gay men
LGBT actors
Humidex

The humidex ("Hyu-mah-deks") is a temperature index used by Canadian meteorologists to describe how hot the weather feels to a person, by adding the effect of heat and humidity. For example, if the temperature is and the calculated humidex is 40, then that means the humid heat feels like a dry temperature of . The index is widely used in Canadian weather reports during summer to give the discomfort level.
According to the Meteorological Service of Canada, a humidex of at least 30 causes "some discomfort", at least 40 causes "great discomfort" and above 45 is "dangerous". When the humidex hits 54, then heat stroke is very near.
The current formula for getting the humidex (see below: Humidex formula) was developed by J.M. Masterton and F.A. Richardson of Canada's Atmospheric Environment Service in 1979. The humidex differs from the heat index used in the United States, in being derived from the dew point rather than the relative humidity.
The record highest humidex in Canada occurred on July 25, 2007, when Carman, Manitoba hit 53.0. That number broke the previous record of 52.1 set during 1953 in Windsor, Ontario (The residents of Windsor would not have known it at the time, since the humidex had yet to be invented).
Humidex formula
When the temperature is 30 degC (86 degF) and the dew point is 15 degC (59 degF), the humidex is 34. Note how humidex is a dimensionless number, but it indicates an approximate temperature in degC. If the temperature remains and the dew point rises to , the humidex rises to 42. The humidex tends to be higher than the U.S. heat index at equal temperature and relative humidity.
The humidex formula is as follows:
humidex = (air temperature in Celsius) + h
h = (0.5555)*(e - 10.0)
e = 6.11 * exp [5417.7530 * ((1/273.16) - (1/dewpoint in kelvins))]
Complete:
Related pages
Heat index
Wind chill
References
Other websites
"Frequently Asked Questions" , MSC, 2004.
Wind Chill and Humidex Criticism about the use of wind chill and humidex
More Humidex info
Weather measurements
Meteorology
1979 establishments in Canada
Glima

Glima is an Old Norse word meaning glimpse or flash, and is
the name of the Scandinavian martial arts system used by the Vikings
over 1200 years ago.
Glima as a self-defence system contains throws, blows, kicks, chokes,
locks, and pain techniques, and is comparable with the best complete
martial arts systems from around the world. Glima as self-defence was
the foundation for the Viking warrior, and these techniques are still
practiced in Scandinavia, Europe, North America and South America.
Glima as a sport is often called Viking wrestling and covers several types of Scandinavian folk wrestling: Lausatok, Brokartok and Hryggspenna. Lausatok (Loose-grip or Free-grip) is the most wide spread form of glima practiced in Norway. It is quite aggressive form of wrestling where the match the winner is considered the one who is standing up while the opponent is lying on the ground. Hryggspenna (Backhold) is a form of wrestling where the opponents take hold of each other's
upper body with a grip around the back; whoever touches the ground with any part of the body except
the feet has lost. Brokartok (Trouser-grip) the most widespread in Iceland and Sweden. In this type of Glima, the wrestlers hold each others trousers by the waistline, or by a special Brokartok glima belt, then attempts to trip and throw their opponent.
Christian priests regarded Glima as a pagan activity and tried to eliminate it when Scandinavia, became Christian. The people of Scandinavia however thought it good for physical and moral development and continued to practice the sport. Brokartok glima has been the national sport of Iceland for over 100 years.
References
Craig, Steve. Sports and Games of the Ancients, pages 97-99, Greenwood Publishing Group.
Other websites
Wrestling
Iceland
Mieczysław Gogacz

Mieczyslaw Gogacz (born November 17, 1926 in Nadroz near Rypin , died September 13, 2022 in Warsaw) [1] [2] - professor of philosophy, representative of Thomism, in which he represented the purification trend of St. Thomas from Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism. In addition, he dealt with the history of medieval philosophy , ontic issues, the theory of cognition, aesthetics, pedagogy, the theory of culture, mysticism and religious life. Honorary Citizen of the City of Rypin [3].
Initially associated with the Catholic University of Lublin, later with the Academy of Catholic Theology, where in 1967-1997 he was the head of the Department of the History of Ancient and Medieval Philosophy, and the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw (which was created from the Academy of Catholic Theology), where he worked at the Department of the History of Philosophy. He also lectured at the University of Warsaw, the Medical Academy of Warsaw and the Military University of Technology .
Member of the Conservative and Monarchist Club. Co-founder of the Scientific Society of Thomology. Author of several dozen books and several hundred articles on philosophical, pedagogical and theological topics.
1926 births
2022 deaths
20th-century Polish philosophers
21st-century Polish philosophers
Polish Roman Catholics
Christian theologians
Interstate 985

Interstate 985 (I-985) is an auxiliary Interstate in the U.S. state of Georgia. I-985 is also known as the Sidney Lanier Parkway, named after Sidney Lanier. Its south end is at I-85 in Suwanee. Its north end is at U.S. Route 23 (US 23) in Gainesville. The highway is long.
I-985 is the second-highest numbered Interstate, with I-990 in New York being higher.
References
985
Ebersdorf bei Coburg

Ebersdorf bei Coburg (officially: Ebersdorf b.Coburg) is a municipality in the district of Coburg in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Other websites
Coburg (district)