pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Divination

Divination (Greek manteia, from mantis "seer") is an attempt to get information through omens or supernatural things. The verb form is to divine, but this should not be confused with the adjective divine. Divining the outcome of things has been done by many different methods, such as the ones listed below.
Divination is different from fortune-telling. Divination is more ritual, usually religious. Fortune-telling is more for personal things.
Types of divination
Astrology (by celestial bodies)
Ailuromancy (by the behaviour of felines)
Augury (by the flight of birds)
Aura-Soma, based on colors
Bibliomancy (by book, frequently but not always a religious text)
Cartomancy (by cards, e.g., playing cards, tarot cards, and non-tarot oracle cards; see also Taromancy)
Cheiromancy (by palms; see Palmistry)
Chronomancy (by time; lucky/unlucky days)
Coscinomancy (by a sieve)
Crystallomancy (by crystals or other reflecting objects; see also Scrying)
Extispicy (from the entrails of sacrificed animals)
Geomancy (by earth), includes Feng Shui divination
Graphology (by handwriting)
I Ching divination (ancient Chinese divination using I Ching): (But using an I Ching manual can make it also a form of Bibliomancy/Stichomancy)
Heruspicy (by the organs of sacrificed animals)
Necromancy (by trying to ask the dead)
Numerology (by numbers)
Oneiromancy/Incubatio (by dreams)
Onomancy (by names)
Ouija board divination
Palmistry (by palm inspection)
Phrenology (by the shape of one's head)
Pyromancy, or pyroscopy (by fire)
Rhabdomancy divination by rods
Scrying ("seeing" in a crystal ball, a mirror, or water)
Runecasting / Runic divination (by runes)
Sternomancy (by markings or bumps on the chest)
Taromancy (by specially designed cards: Tarot; see also Cartomancy)
Related pages
Oracle
Other websites
Apple Divination
Ancient Astrology and Divination on the Web , resources on Greco-Roman and Mesopotamian divination
W. R. Halliday, Greek Divination (1913), a complete scanned edition of the most recent general treatment of Greek divination
1913 Catholic Encyclopedia: Divination
Divination Methods
Encyclopedia Iranica: Divination
Theory of Divination by Tim Maroney, exploring different possibilities
The Sator Formula engraved on a human skull
Occult
List of countries by English-speaking population

There are countries where people speak English in every continent. The English language came from England in the United Kingdom, and it is one of the languages of West Germanic language.
List of Major countries and population
Related pages
Spanish-speaking population
French-speaking population
Portugese-speaking population
Euro
References
Lists of countries
English language
Otago

Otago (, ; ) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand. It is on the South Island. Its largest city is Dunedin.
References
Regions of New Zealand
COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Argentina on 3 March 2020, with 6,866 people being infected.
Cases
On 7 March, the Ministry of Health confirmed the country's first death, a 64-year-old man who had traveled to Paris, France, who also had other health conditions. The case was only confirmed as positive after the patient's death. This also marked the first documented death from the virus in the country.
Response
On 19 March, Argentina entered a nation-wide lockdown. The Argentine government announced the extension of the lockdown, originally expected to end on March 31, then mid April, and later until 26 April.
On 25 April, President Alberto Fernandez announced that the lockdown would be extended in major cities until 10 May. The lockdown was lifted up throughout all the country since 10 May, excepting the Greater Buenos Aires, as the lockdown was expected to continue in that urban area at least until 24 May.
Notes
References
21st century in Argentina
Argentina
Västerås SK Fotboll

Vasteras SK is a association football club in the town of Vasteras in Sweden. The club has played in Allsvenskan.
Other websites
Vasteras SK Fotboll - Officiell webbplats
1904 establishments in Sweden
Swedish football clubs
Artesia, Mississippi

Artesia is a town in Lowndes County, Mississippi, United States.
Towns in Lowndes County, Mississippi
Rheda-Wiedenbrück

Rheda-Wiedenbruck is a town in the district of Gutersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 46,000 people live there. The town is famous for a lot of old and fine houses, which were built hundreds of years ago.
References
Gutersloh Rural District
Vancouver Island

Vancouver Island is an island that is part of the province of British Columbia in Canada. It is big and is in the south-western part of the province. The island is named after George Vancouver.
The first people to live on the island, before Europeans came, were the Nuu-chah-nulth, Salish, and Kwakiutl. As of 2009, over 700,000 people live here.
There are no bridges or tunnels between Vancouver Island and the mainland. There are ferries that carry people and cars to and from the island. One route crosses the Strait of Georgia to the Tsawwassen peninsula, from which there are roads that go to Vancouver and other cities in Canada as part of the Trans-Canada Highway. Another ferry route crosses the Strait of Juan de Fuca and reaches Anacortes in the U.S. state of Washington, from which roads go to Seattle and other cities along the West Coast.
Cities and towns
There are many cities and towns on Vancouver Island. The biggest of these is Victoria, the capital of British Columbia.
Other places on Vancouver Island where people live include:
Lake Cowichan
Nanaimo
Courtenay
Comox
Duncan
Crofton
Port Alberni
Ladysmith
Chemainus
Port Hardy
Parksville
Cumberland
Tofino
Uclulet
Colwood
Sidney
Qualicum Beach
Coombs
Port McNeill
Campbell River
Islands of Canada
Geography of British Columbia
Pacific islands
Ostercappeln

Ostercappeln is a municipality in the district of Osnabruck, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is in the Wiehengebirge, around 15 km northeast of Osnabruck. The municipality has three villages, Ostercappeln, Venne and Schwagstorf, along the Bundesstrasse 218. St. Raphael hospital is in Ostercappeln, which serves a general hospital for the surrounding municipalities and as a center for pulmonary diseases for the district.
References
Alvalade (Lisbon Metro)

Alvalade is a station on the Green Line of the Lisbon Metro.
Lisbon Metro stations
Alaigne

Alaigne is a commune of 300 people (1999). It is in the region Languedoc-Roussillon in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Edward Teach

Edward Teach (1680 - 22 November 1718) was a pirate, often called Blackbeard the Pirate". (It is not clear what his real name actually was; some historians think that his last name may really have been Thatch.) He attacked ships in the Caribbean and the American colonies. His flagship ship was the captured French slave ship La Concorde which Blackbeard renamed Queen Anne's Revenge. About 1718 it ran aground near Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina and was abandoned.
Blackbeard often fought wearing a big feathered tricorn hat, and with lots of swords, knives, and pistols. Some pictures show him with lighted rope matches woven into his enormous black beard during battle. The matches burned slowly and gave of lots of smoke. They were designed to make him look frightening. He probably got the idea from seeing the burning rope was used to light the gunpowder in cannons and guns. (These old fashioned guns were called matchlocks, later a flint was used to make a spark, these were called flintlock guns). No one knows how many wives Blackbeard had. The book A General History of the Pirates says that he had as many as fourteen wives, but he was not legally married to most of them.
Early life
Blackbeard is thought to have been born in Bristol, England. Teach went to sea when he was very young. He served on an English ship in the War of the Spanish Succession, privateering in the Spanish West Indies and along the Spanish Main. At the war's end in 1713, Teach, like many other privateers, turned to piracy. Blackbeard was born in a trade epicenter and he grew up knowing about sailing. Many merchant ships landed and traded there.
Blackbeard the Pirate
He began as a pirate under Benjamin Hornigold. In 1716, Hornigold retired, taking advantage of an amnesty offered to former privateers by the British government. Teach then took command of his own ship.
During the next two years Blackbeard attacked merchant ships, forcing them to allow his crew to board their ship. The pirates would seize all of the valuables, food, liquor, and weapons. Ironically, despite his ferocious reputation, there are no verified accounts of him actually killing anyone.
Capture and death
The Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, Alexander Spotswood sent two ships after Blackbeard. On 18 November 1718, Lt. Robert Maynard sailed from Hampton, Virginia to Ocracoke Inlet, North Carolina. On 22 November 1718, Maynard and his men defeated Blackbeard and the pirates. The most complete account of the following events comes from the Boston News-Letter:
Teach was said to have been shot five times and stabbed more than twenty times before he died and was decapitated. Legends about his death immediately sprang up. His headless body, was thrown overboard, but swam three times around the ship before sinking. Teach's head was placed as a trophy on the bowsprit of the ship. Captain Maynard had to keep the head to claim his prize when he returned home. Later, Teach's head hung from a pike in Bath, Somerset.
References
1680 births
1718 deaths
Pirates
Mysterious people
British criminals
Igor Pashkevich

Igor Anatolyevich Pashkevich (; 1 July 1971 - 26 March 2016) was a Russian figure skating coach and competitor. He was the 1990 World Junior champion for the Soviet Union and the 1996 European silver medalist for Russia. He competed at the 1994 Lillehammer Olympics for Russia and the 1998 Nagano Olympics for Azerbaijan.
Pashkevich died on 26 March 2016 in Miami, Florida at the age of 44.
References
1971 births
2016 deaths
Sportspeople from Moscow
Notting Hill (movie)

Notting Hill is a 1999 British-American romantic comedy-drama movie. It is set in Notting Hill, west London. It was written by Richard Curtis. It stars Julia Roberts as Hollywood actress Anna Scott and Hugh Grant as book shop owner Will Thacker.
Other websites
1999 comedy-drama movies
1999 romantic comedy movies
1999 romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
British comedy-drama movies
British romantic comedy movies
British romantic drama movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies set in London
Notting Hill
Movies directed by Roger Michell
Hold Back the Dawn

Hold Back the Dawn is a 1941 American romantic drama movie directed by Mitchell Leisen and was based on the 1940 novel of the same name by Ketti Frings. It stars Charles Boyer, Olivia de Havilland, Paulette Goddard, Victor Francen, Walter Abel, Curt Bois, Eva Puig and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for 6 Academy Awards in 1942.
Plot
Georges Iscovescu, a Romanian gigolo in a Mexican border town, plans to enter the US by marrying American school teacher Emmy Brown during her brief visit, thus bypassing a lengthy immigration wait. After quickly wooing and marrying her, his genuine feelings for Emmy develop during a trip, but his con is revealed by a jealous former partner, Anita, causing Emmy to leave heartbroken. When Georges learns of Emmy's subsequent car accident due to distress, he risks his visa status to be with her. Chased by Immigration inspector Hammock, Georges tries selling his story for Emmy's medical bills. Ultimately, Hammock allows Georges entry into the US where he reunites with a recovering Emmy.
References
Other websites
1941 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Mitchell Leisen
Paramount Pictures movies
Robert Stone (novelist)

Robert Stone (August 21, 1937 - January 10, 2015) was an American novelist and journalist. He won the National Book Award for Fiction in 1975 for his novel Dog Soldiers. He was also twice a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and once for the PEN/Faulkner Awards.
Stone was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was raised by his mother, who suffered from schizophrenia, until the age of six and was later raised in a Catholic orphanage. As a result of chain smoking, he had emphysema.
Stone died from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on January 10, 2015 in Key West, Florida, aged 77.
References
Other websites
1937 births
2015 deaths
American novelists
Deaths from COPD
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Journalists from New York (state)
Writers from New York City
Alexander Asov

Alexander Azov is a Russian pagan author. He translated the Veles Book.
Many Russian pagans do not like him. They think he hurts the movement.
References
Elz, Hesse

Elz is a municipality and a village in Hessen, Germany. It is part of the Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg. It is along the river Lahn. It has 8,088 inhabitants (2004).
Geography
The elevation is between 110m and 291m above sea level. Elz is in a valley called "Limburger Becken", which surrounds the town of Limburg. Elz is also in the valley of the "Elbbach", which flows into the river Lahn after passing Elz.
The municipality of Elz borders the municipalities of Hundsangen, Hambach, Gorgeshausen, Niedererbach, Obererbach and the towns of Hadamar and Limburg.
The municipality of Elz consists of two villages: The village of Elz (7,743 inhabitants) and the village of Malmeneich (345 inhabitants).
Average temperatures are 10.5 degC in Elz and 9.9 degC in Malmeneich. Though this sounds quite moderate, temperatures can vary between -20 degC in winter and 40 degC in summer. In an average year there are 600mm of rain in Elz and 720mm in Malmeneich.
History
Elz was first mentioned in a document from 933 AD, which does not exist any more. Political importance resulted from its position at the Hohe Strasse, the former most important road between Frankfurt am Main and Cologne, which still exists and is now part of the "Bundesstrasse 8", which can be translated with Interstate 8.
Elz got the town privileges in 1442. Soon a wall around the town was constructed but knocked down later.
Politics
The council consists of 31 members. 19 members are from the Christian Democrats, seven are from the Social Democratic Party, four from the Free Voters' Community and one is from the Green Party. The mayor Horst Kaiser is a Christian Democrat and was elected in 2005 with 84.8% of all votes.
Economy and infrastructure
In Elz thaere are more than 600 businesses with much more than 2,000 jobs. The industrial area is at the B8 between Elz and Malmeneich.
Traffic
Elz is not only at the B8,which goes from the Dutch border to Passau, but also at the Autobahn 3, which connects Wurzburg,Frankfurt am Main and Cologne.
Public institutions
In Elz there is a big outdoor swimming pool, two gyms, several sport and tennis fields and two old people's homes.
Education
There are three kindergartens, two primary schools and one "Haupt- und Realschule" (part of the German secondary education).
Famous people
Theodor Blank (1905-1972), Bundesverteidigungsminister (Federal minister for defense) 1955-1956, Bundesminister fur Arbeit und Sozialordnung (Federal minister for employment and social matters) 1957-1965
Joseph Blank (1913-1994), Landesminister fur Landesplanung, Wohnungsbau und offentliche Arbeiten von Nordrhein-Westfalen (Minister for spatial planning, building and public works of North Rhine-Westphalia) 1962-1963
References
Prometheus (moon)

Prometheus is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered by Stewart Collins from Voyager 1 photos in 1981. It was named after the god of the same name in Greek mythology. The moon acts as a shepherd satellite for the inner part of Saturn's F ring.
Saturn's moons
Receptor (cell biology)

In cell biology, a receptor is a special structure that can be found in cell membranes. These are made of protein molecules such as glycoproteins. Receptors bind (attach) to specialised molecules. If the receptor has this molecule, it is activated, but if it does not it is deactivated. Depending on its state, a change inside the cell happens.
Cell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) take part in communication between the cell and the outside world. Extracellular signalling molecules (usually hormones, neurotransmitters, agonist, cytokines, growth factors or cell recognition molecules) attach to the receptor. This triggers changes in the function of the cell. The process is called signal transduction: The binding starts a chemical change on the inside of the membrane.
Receptors work like locks and keys. With the key, the lock can be locked or unlocked. If it is unlocked, the door belonging to it can be opened.
Structure
Part of the receptor sticks out of the cell membrane. The same applies to the membranes of cell organelles. A receptor's main function is to recognize and respond to a specific ligand, for example, a neurotransmitter or hormone. Some receptors respond to changes in 'transmembrane potential' (the difference in electric potential between the inside and the outside of a cell).
The middle part, inside the membrane itself, is a protein-lined pore through the membrane, or 'ion channel'. When the ligand binds to the surface, the pore becomes accessible to ions, which then pass through. In other cases, where differences in electric potential occur, the receptor changes in shape, which causes change inside the cell.
The inside (or cytoplasmic) part of the receptor interacts with the inside of the cell or organelle. There are several different kinds of receptor, each of which acts in a different way.
Related pages
Signal transduction
Cell biology
Imam Shamil

Imam Shamil (1797-1871) was the 3rd and last Dagestan Imam from 1834-1859.
Birth
Shamil was born to an Avar Muslim Family, He was born in the small village (aul) of Gimry (in present day Dagestan) , His Father, Dengau was a landlord and this position allowed Shamil and his friend Ghazi Mollah to to study many subjects, Including Arabic and Logics, Shamil Became the Imam in 1834, and got Married in 1846
War against Russia
His Friend Ghazi Mollah died in battle in 1832 , Shamil was one of the only 2 Murids to Escape, but he got severe Wounds, during this fight, He was Stabbed by a Bayonet . After jumping from an elevated stoop clean over the heads of very line of soldiers about to fire on him. Landing Behind Them, Whirling his sword in the left hand, he cut down three of them, But the 4th Bayoneted Him.
Imam
Gamzat-Bek Was killed in 1834 , Shamil took Place as Imam , The Monarchy was overthrown in 1859, Shamil Died in 1871 at the age of 74.
1797 births
1871 deaths
Line level

Line level is the strength of an audio signal. An audio signal transfers sound, for example to CD players and cassette players. It is much higher than microphone level, which can be only a couple of millivolts. A line level signal can be connected to an amplifier which sends the signal to loudspeakers with much higher power.
A preamplifier is a device that can make the line level higher. It can boost a microphone's weak audio signal.
Audio technology
Who's Next

Who's Next is the fifth album by the English rock band The Who. It was released on July 31, 1971 by Decca and MCA in the United States and August 25, 1971 in the United Kingdom through Track and Polydor. Who's Next was a huge success when it was released, and has been certified 3x platinum by the RIAA.
Track listing
All songs written by Pete Townshend except where noted. (All songs copyright Towser Tunes)
Side one
"Baba O'Riley" - 5:11
"Bargain" - 5:33
"Love Ain't for Keeping" - 2:12
"My Wife" (John Entwistle) - 3:41
"The Song Is Over" - 6:16
Side two
"Getting in Tune" - 4:50
"Going Mobile" - 3:42
"Behind Blue Eyes" - 3:43
"Won't Get Fooled Again" - 8:32
Other websites
1971 albums
Rock albums
The Who albums
Yakovlev Yak-38

The Yakovlev Yak-38 is a Soviet military single-turbojet aircraft. It was designed and built as a fighter aircraft. It was also used as attack aircraft. The Soviet Navy was the only operator. The aircraft is a vertical take-off & landing aircraft. It was retired from service in 1993. NATO called it Forger.
Similar aircraft
BAe Harrier
Soviet military aircraft
Phife Dawg

Malik Isaac Taylor (November 20, 1970 - March 22, 2016), better known by his stage name Phife Dawg (or simply Phife), was an American rapper.
Career
He was a member of the group A Tribe Called Quest with high school classmates Q-Tip and Ali Shaheed Muhammad (and for a short time Jarobi White). He was also known as the "Five Foot Assassin" and "The Five Footer", because he stood at .
Death
Taylor died on March 22, 2016 due to complications of diabetes at the age of 45.
References
Other websites
1970 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Rappers from New York (state)
Musicians from New York City
1146

1146 was a common year.
Events
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux prays for the Second Crusade at Vezelay, Burgundy.
First information about Bryansk found.
Births
Giraldus Cambrensis, Welsh clergyman and chronicler (d. around 1223)
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1219)
Deaths
August 1 -- Vsevolod II of Kiev
August 8 -- Eric III of Denmark
September 14 -- Zengi, ruler of Syria (murdered) (b. 1087)
Alexander, New York

Alexander is a town in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 2,534 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Alexander Rea, an early settler. It includes a village also named Alexander.
References
Towns in New York (state)
List of The Lion King characters

This is a list of characters from the movie series The Lion King. The characters were made by The Walt Disney Company in 1994.
Simba
Simba is the main character of the series. He is a lion. In The Lion King, he becomes King of Pride Rock. The character is voiced by Jonathan Taylor Thomas and Matthew Broderick. His name comes from the word for "lion" in Swahili.
Nala
Nala is Simba's childhood friend who later becomes his queen. She appears in The Lion King, Simba's Pride and The Lion King 1 1/2. Nala's mother is Sarafina. Nala means "gift" in Swahili.
Scar
Scar is the main villain in the movie. He was voiced by Jeremy Irons.
Pumbaa
Pumbaa is a good-hearted warthog in the movie. He usually gossips with the other animals, but then flees with his tail held in the air when things get out of hand.
References
Movie characters
Lists of fictional characters
Characters
List of Teletubbies episodes

This is a list of episodes of the children's television series with the Teletubbies.
Original Series (1997-2001)
Season 2 1998-1999
Season 3 1999-2000
Season 4 2000-2001
Season 5 (2001)
New Series
Season 6 2015-present
Season 7 2016-present
References
Teletubbies episode list at TV.com
Teletubbies episode list at IMDb.com
Teletubbies
Manchester, Missouri

Manchester is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Kōhei Uchimura

|}
is a Japanese athlete. He is best known as a gymnast.
Career
Kohei Uchimura has won the world championships in gymnastics for three years -- 2009, 2010 and 2011.
Uchimura was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
He also won the gold medal in the Olympic men's all-around event in gymnastics.
Related pages
Sports in Japan
Japan at the Olympics
Ryohei Kato
Kazuhito Tanaka
Yusuke Tanaka
Koji Yamamuro
References
Other websites
Kohei Uchimura at Federation Internationale de Gymnastique
Beijing Olympics profile
Kohei Uchimura at Tokyoweekender.com
1989 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic gold medalists
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Japanese gymnasts
Sportspeople from Fukuoka Prefecture
Model

Model, models, or modeling can mean: An abstract (idea, theory, simulation) or smaller approximation of an object or system for testing. (Like a car, building or ship.)
Ideas, concepts or software
Business model
Model (abstract), an abstract or conceptual object used in the creation of math to predict its behavior
Causal model
Mathematical model
Scientific model
Model Driven Engineering, a software development technique based on abstract models
Metamodeling, a model of a model
Molecular modelling, used to mimic the behaviour of molecules
Geologic modelling
The Standard Model, the theory in particle physics which describes certain fundamental forces and particles
Computer model, a computer program which attempts to simulate an abstract model of a particular system, usually builds upon a mathematical model
Model theory, study of the representation of mathematical concepts
Mental model, a person's way of thinking of an idea or thought process
Similitude (model), in engineering, used in the scientific testing of physical models
Working Model, engineering software
Physical or smaller objects
Model (physical), a physical representation of an object
Solid modelling, study of unambiguous representations of the solid parts of an object
Scale model, a replica or prototype of an object
Model building, a hobby centered around construction of material replicas
3D model, a 3D polygonal representation of an object, usually displayed with a computer
Model (computer games), in 3D computer graphics, a computer generated image of a character or an object
Persons or occupations
Model (art), a person who poses for purposes of art, for example in art school (often known as an artist's model)
Model (person), a person whose occupation is to display products, e.g. a fashion model
Supermodel, a person who attains celebrity status through fashion modeling
Promotional model, a person who advertises a product or service
Role model, a person who serve as a good example to others
Other
Walther Model, German general in World War II
Movement for Democracy in Liberia, MoDeL
Models (band), an alternative rock group from Australia
Related pages
Models of nature
Modeling languages
General-purpose modeling (GPM)
Domain-specific modelling (DSM)
Meta-modeling
Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell

Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell was a book of poetry published together by the three Bronte sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne in 1846 (see 1846 in poetry). It is their first printed work.
1840s books
19th-century British poems
Stuart Timmons

Stuart Timmons (January 14, 1957 - January 28, 2017) was an American journalist, activist, and historian. He was an award-winning author specializing in LGBT history. He was the author of The Trouble With Harry Hay: Founder of the Modern Gay Movement and the co-author of Gay L.A.: A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, And Lipstick Lesbians with Lillian Faderman. In 2007, Stuart began developing walking tours of LGBTQ historic sites in Los Angeles.
Timmons was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. In 2008, he suffered a massive stroke that left him paralyzed from the waist down.
Timmons died on January 28, 2017 at a hospital in Hollywood, California from cardiac arrest, at the age of 60.
References
Other websites
Official Site of Stuart Timmons
1957 births
2017 deaths
American historians
American journalists
American LGBT rights activists
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Gay men
LGBT journalists
LGBT people from Los Angeles
Writers from Minneapolis
Writers from Los Angeles
Volgograd

Volgograd, formerly called Tsaritsyn (1589-1925) and Stalingrad (1925-1961) is an industrial city of great importance, and the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It is 80 km long, north to south, on the western bank of the Volga River and has a population of over 1.011 million people. The city was made famous for its heroic resistance and bloody siege during the Battle of Stalingrad taking place during World War II.
History
Volgograd developed from the fortress of Tsaritsyn in 1589. The fortress was at the meof the Tsaritsa and Volga Rivers.
During the Russian Civil War the city was the scene of heavy fighting. Bolshevik forces occupied it during 1918, but were attacked by White forces. It was renamed as Stalingrad in 1925.
Under Stalin, the city became heavily industrialized as a centre of heavy industry and trans-shipment by rail and river. During World War II, Stalingrad became the center of the Battle of Stalingrad as well as a turning point in the war against Germany. Essentially, the German offensive was stopped at Stalingrad. The Battle of Stalingrad lasted from August 21, 1942 to February 2, 1943, where 1.7 million to 2 million Axis and Soviet soldiers were killed, wounded or captured, in addition to over 40,000 civilians killed. The city was reduced to rubble during the fierce fighting, but reconstruction began soon after the Germans were expelled from the city.
Nikita Khrushchev renamed the city because of de-Stalinization in 1961.
International relations
Twin towns -- Sister cities
As of 2008, Volgograd has 21 sister cities:
Coventry, England, United Kingdom (1943)
Ostrava, Czech Republic (1948)
Kemi, Finland (1953)
Liege, Belgium (1959)
Dijon, France (1959)
Turin, Italy (1961)
Port Said, Egypt (1962)
Chennai, India (1966)
Hiroshima, Japan (1972)
Cologne, Germany (1988)
Chemnitz, Germany (1988)
Cleveland, Ohio, United States (1990)
Toronto, Canada (1991)
Jilin, China (1994)
Yerevan, Armenia (1998)
Chengdu, China (1998)
Krusevac, Serbia (1999)
Ruse, Bulgaria (2001)
Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, United States (2003)
Orlando, Florida, United States (2008)
Baku, Azerbaijan (2008)
A number of communities in France and Italy have streets or avenues named after Stalingrad, hence Place de Stalingrad in Paris and the Paris Metro station of Stalingrad.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Official website of Volgograd
Official website of Volgograd
Volgograd.ru -- City Web Portal, Local Business and Web Directory, News, Press, Webcams, 3D Mamayev Kurgan
Over 2,000 original German WWII soldier photographs from the Eastern Front
Sights of Volgograd
Photo Gallery from Volgograd
Stalingrad - Bilder einer erbitterten Schlacht (German)
Capitals of oblasts of Russia
Volgograd
Tensed, Idaho

Tensed is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Boyle, Mississippi

Boyle is a town in Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States.
Towns in Mississippi
Human Be-In

The 'Human Be-In' was an event during the afternoon and evening of January 14, 1967. It was held in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. The Human Be-In caused the Summer of Love, which introduced hippie life and the word psychedelic to everyday Americans, and made the Haight-Ashbury area of San Francisco famous because it was the center of an American counterculture.
The hippie movement had two main sources. One source was college students who were not happy about the way the country was headed. They did not like the way African Americans were being treated in the South or the way young men were being drafted to fight in the Vietnam War. The other source of the hippie movement was the 'Beat Generation' (poets and jazz hipsters).
Throughout the early 1960s, college students who were against the policies of segregation in Southern United States would travel to the south. They took part in sit-ins, register African Americans to vote, demonstrate, march, and other activism. More and more people were unhappy about the Vietnam War and the riots. During this time, San Francisco was becoming a center for younger people who liked to experiment with drugs, and it was also a center for the music scene. From the idea of the 'sit-in', they got the idea to have a 'Human Be-In' in early January to get people's minds off politics and the war.
The Human Be-In was announced on the cover of the first issue of the San Francisco Oracle as "A Gathering of the Tribes for a Human Be-In". Speakers at the rally included Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert (soon to be more widely known as 'Ram Dass'), and poets like Allen Ginsberg, who chanted mantras, and Gary Snyder. Leary set the tone that afternoon with his famous phrase "Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out". Other counterculture leaders who were there included comedian Dick Gregory, Lenore Kandel, and Jerry Rubin. The Hells Angels, at the peak of their 'outlaw' reputation, looked after lost children. Local rock bands such as Grateful Dead and Quicksilver Messenger Service provided the music, and Owsley "Bear" Stanley provided massive amounts of his "White Lightning" LSD to the gathered masses.
Soon every gathering was being called an '-In' of some kind. Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, a television comedy series, began to appear on NBC just a year later, January 22, 1968.
During 1967, more and more young people from around the country began traveling to San Francisco. By the summer there were between 100,000 and 200,000 there taking part in the "Summer of Love".
Other websites
Neville Powis, 'The Human Be-In and the hippy revolution."
Capsule description.
Allen Cohen's website, with history from an insider.
Haight-Ashbury in the 1960s 'Rockument' commentary and sound bites.
1967 in California
Popular culture
20th century in San Francisco
Nuno Valente

Nuno Valente (born 12 September 1974) is a former Portuguese football player. He has played for Portugal national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1993/94||Portimonense||Liga Honra||26||1
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||9||0
|-
|1995/96||9||0
|-
|1996/97||Maritimo||Portuguese Liga||30||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||6||0
|-
|1998/99||12||1
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Leiria||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||28||0
|-
|2000/01||31||2
|-
|2001/02||28||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Porto||rowspan="3"|Portuguese Liga||21||0
|-
|2003/04||27||0
|-
|2004/05||8||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="4"|Everton||rowspan="4"|Premier League||20||0
|-
|2006/07||14||0
|-
|2007/08||9||0
|-
|2008/09||2||0
235||4
45||0
280||4
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2002||3||0
|-
|2003||4||0
|-
|2004||9||1
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
|2006||11||0
|-
!Total||32||1
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Sportspeople from Lisbon
Argeliers

Argeliers is a commune of 2,139 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Gerry Marsden

Gerard Marsden MBE (24 September 1942 - 3 January 2021) was an English pop rock singer-songwriter, guitarist and television personality. He was best known for being leader of the Merseybeat band Gerry and the Pacemakers.
Marsden died on 3 January 2021 at the age of 78 from a heart infection in Liverpool.
References
1942 births
2021 deaths
English pop singers
English pop musicians
English rock guitarists
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
English television personalities
Infectious disease deaths in England
Musicians from Liverpool
Singers from Liverpool
Writers from Liverpool
Georgia Aquarium

The Georgia Aquarium is an aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States. It is one of the largest aquariums in the world, and has thousands of species in about ten million gallons of water. The animals there include sharks, Beluga whales, dolphins and manta rays.
2005 establishments in the United States
Aquariums
Buildings and structures in Atlanta
Estelle Parsons

Estelle Margaret Parsons (born November 20, 1927) is an American actress, singer and stage director. She worked for the television program Today and first appeared on stage in 1961.
During the 1960s, Parsons became known her career on Broadway becoming a movie actress. She is best known for her roles in the movies Bonnie and Clyde (1967), Rachel, Rachel (1968), I Never Sang for My Father (1970), I Walk the Line (1970) and Boys on the Side (1995).
She won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Bonnie and Clyde, and for Rachel, Rachel was nominated with the same award. She later became known on television for her role as Beverly Harris in the sitcom Roseanne.
Parsons was born in Lynn, Massachusetts. She was married to Richard Gehman in 1953, before divorcing in 1958. The couple had twin daughters. She married Peter Zimroth in 1983 and have one son.
References
Other websites
1927 births
Living people
Actors from Massachusetts
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
Drama Desk Award winners
People from Lynn, Massachusetts
Singers from Massachusetts
Gerry Lindgren

Gerald "Gerry" Paul Lindgren (born March 9, 1946) is an American track and field runner. He set many long-standing high school and national records in the United States. In 1965, Lindgren and Billy Mills both broke the world record for the six-mile run when they finished in an extremely rare tie at the AAU National Championships, both running exactly 27:11.6.
References
1946 births
Living people
American long-distance runners
Sportspeople from Spokane, Washington
To Kill a Mockingbird (movie)

To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama movie. It was directed by Robert Mulligan. It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. The movie is based on the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. The movie has been listed in the National Film Registry. It won three Academy Awards: Best Actor (Gregory Peck), Best Art Direction, and Best Adapted Screenplay.
Plot
Atticus Finch, a white lawyer working in the South, defends Tom, a black man accused of raping a white woman. Tom is found guilty of rape. Finch's daughter, Scout, narrates the story from her perspective as an adult.
1962 drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Alabama
Movies set in the 1930s
Rape in movies
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Robert Mulligan
To Kill a Mockingbird
Serramanna

Serramanna (Serramanna) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 9,178 people lived there. Its area is 83.84 km2. It is 30 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
America (magazine)

America is a national weekly magazine published by the Jesuits of the United States and headquartered in Manhattan. It has news and opinion about Catholicism and how it relates to American politics and cultural life.
It has been published continuously since 1909, and is also available online. It has been seen as liberal-leaning publication, and has been described by The Washington Post as "a favourite of Catholic liberal intellectuals".
References
American weekly magazines
Merge sort

Merge sort (or mergesort) is an divide and conquer algorithm for sorting a list of items. John von Neumann first presented it in 1945. It is similar to quicksort, developed in 1960. The difference is that with merge sort, dividing the lists is trivial, and merging them together isn't. With quicksort, dividing the lists is more complex, but the merging step is trivial.
Usage
Merge sort is a stable sorting algorithm, while quicksort is not. It has a worst-case complexity of O(n*log(n)). Merge sort is also highly parallelizable. It can be used for solving the inversion counting problem.
Algorithm
If the list contains only one item, then return the list
Divide the list into two lists of half the size of the list
Apply the algorithm to each of the two lists
Merge the two sorted lists together
Searching and sorting algorithms
Luray, Kansas

Luray is a city in Russell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 194.
References
Cities in Russell County, Kansas
Electron cloud

Electron cloud is an informal way to describe an atomic orbital.
The electron cloud is not really a thing. An electron cloud model is different from the older Bohr atomic model by Niels Bohr. Bohr talked about electrons orbiting the nucleus. Explaining the behavior of these electron "orbits" was a key issue in the development of quantum mechanics.
The electron cloud model says that we cannot know exactly where an electron is at any given time, but the electrons are more likely to be in specific areas. These areas are specified by orbitals. The orbitals are specified by shells and sub-orbitals. In the Bohr model, electrons are assigned to different shells. The shells, k,l,m,n,o,p,q, each represent different levels of energy, and are also called energy levels. The sub-orbitals; s,p,d,f, are regions where it will be more likely to find electrons, and can each hold a different number of electrons. the s,p,d,f orbitals are all shaped differently. This can be proven by the repeating patterns of chemical properties in the periodic table. Using quantum mechanics, chemists can use the electron cloud model to assign electrons to different atomic orbitals. Atomic orbitals also explain the patterns in the periodic table.
The electron cloud model was developed in 1926 by Erwin Schrodinger and Werner Heisenberg. The model is a way to help visualize the most probable position of electrons in an atom. The electron cloud model is currently the accepted model of an atom. The atoms were traveling at such a high speed that there was no predictable time or place for the electron to be. The electrons were like a blur which is where they got the 'Electron Cloud' from.
According to Bohr's calculations for a hydrogen atom, the electron under normal conditions always stays at a certain distance from the nucleus. This distance is called the Bohr radius and is approximately 0.529 A (). But according to the wave mechanical or cloud concept model, the electron keeps on moving away or towards the nucleus and the maximum probability of locating it lies at a distance of 0.529 A from the nucleus. In other words, the radius of the electron cloud or the radius of maximum probability is 0.529 A.
References
Physical chemistry
Nuclear physics
Quantum chemistry
Bailleulmont

Bailleulmont is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Social relation

In social science, a social relation or social interaction is any relationship between two or more individuals. They can be both positive (affiliative) and negative (agonistic) interactions, showing opposing effects.
Social relationships are a special case of social relations that can exist without any communication taking place between the actors involved.
Related pages
Interpersonal relationship
References
Human behavior
Relationships
Kappelen, Haut-Rhin

Kappelen is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
It is about northwest of Basel and east of Altkirch.
In 2006, 522 people lived there.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Kameoka, Kyoto

is a Japanese city in Kyoto Prefecture. It is in western Kyoto in a wide, flat valley.
History
Kameoka city was built around a castle. It is in a rural area.
Development
The population of Kameoka city is about 90,000 people.
Special products found in Kameoka include Botan nabe and Matsutake.
Sister cities
Knittelfeld, Austria - April 14, 1964
Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA - November 3, 1985
Jandira, Brazil - November 3, 1980
Suzhou, China - December 31, 1996
Festivals
The Kameoka festival is held in the city from October 23rd to 25th every year. It is called the Gion Festival in Tamba, or Fall festival in Kameoka.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Kyoto Prefecture
Cities in Japan
African fish eagle

The African fish eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer) or the African sea eagle is a large species of eagle.
It is found throughout sub-Saharan Africa where there are large bodies of open water with plenty of fish. It is the national bird of Zimbabwe, Zambia and South Sudan.
This species looks a bit like the bald eagle. They are related, but live on different continents. The bald eagle lives in North America.
References
Accipitriformes
Birds of Africa
National symbols of Zambia
National symbols of Zimbabwe
Vostok 2

Vostok 2 (, Orient 2 or East 2) was a Soviet space mission. It carried cosmonaut Gherman Titov into orbit for a full day to study the effects of a long period of weightlessness on the human body. Titov orbited the earth over 17 times. Yuri Gagarin in Vostok 1 had only done one orbit.
The flight was an almost complete success. Problems included not turning on a heater which meant the temperature dropped to , a period of space sickness, and problems on re-entry when the reentry module failed to separate cleanly from its service module.
Titov took manual control of the spacecraft for a short while. The Soviets admitted that Titov did not land with his spacecraft. Titov said he ejected from his capsule to test another landing system. It is now known that all Vostok program landings were done this way.
The re-entry capsule was destroyed during development of the Voskhod spacecraft.
As of 2012, Titov is the youngest person to reach space. He was 25 years old at launch.
References
Soviet spacecraft
1960s in spaceflight
Anatoly Sobchak

Anatoly Aleksandrovich Sobchak (; 10 August 1937 - 19 February 2000) was a Soviet and Russian politician. He was a co-author of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. He was the first democratically elected mayor of Saint Petersburg. He was a mentor and teacher of both Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev.
Sobchak died on 19 February 2000 in Svetlogorsk, Russia from a heart attack, aged 62. However, some believe that he was poisoned and murdered.
References
1937 births
2000 deaths
Russian educators
Politicians from Saint Petersburg
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Unexplained deaths
Soviet politicians
Russian lawyers
Writers from Saint Petersburg
Masullas

Masullas (Masuddas) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,071 people lived there. Its area is 18.68 km2. It is 129 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange

Mary, Princess Royal, Princess of Orange and Countess of Nassau (4 November 1631 - 24 December 1660) was the eldest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland and his queen, Henrietta Maria. She was the wife of William II, Prince of Orange and Count of Nassau (27 May 1626-6 November 1650) and the mother of King William III of England and Ireland, II of Scotland (14 November 1650-8 May 1702). Mary Stuart or Mary of Orange, as she was also known, was the first daughter of a British Sovereign to hold the title Princess Royal.
Related pages
British royal family
References
1631 births
1660 deaths
Princesses Royal
House of Stuart
Princesses of Orange
CEGEP

CEGEP is an acronym for , which means "College of general and vocational education". It is the name for public colleges in Quebec, Canada. It was created in 1967 after the Quiet Revolution in the 1960s, when the provincial government took over the management of health care and education.
Other websites
List of Cegep schools
Federation des cegeps
1967 establishments in North America
1960s establishments in Canada
Priests Ćira and Spira

Priests Cira and Spira () is a 1957 Serbian romantic comedy movie directed by Soja Jovanovic and was based on the 1894 novel Pop Cira i pop Spira by Stevan Sremac. It stars Dara Calenic, Ljubinnka Bobic, Nevenka Mikulic, Renata Ulmanski, Slobodan Perovic.
Other websites
1957 romantic comedy movies
Serbian movies
Movies based on books
Necktie

A necktie (or a tie) is an article of clothing worn by men. A tie is part of an ensemble (or outfit) of clothing called the "suit and tie." This outfit is worn in Western countries by men in professional jobs such as business, law, and politics.
A necktie is usually made of silk or polyester, and it usually has a color or pattern on it. Men tie a knot in neckties and wear them with dress shirts in order to make them look more formal.
Bow ties
The bow tie is a type of necktie. It is a ribbon of fabric tied around the collar in a symmetrical manner such that the two opposite ends form loops.
Ready-tied bow ties are available, in which the distinctive bow is sewn and a band goes around the neck and clips to secure. Some "clip-ons" dispense with the band altogether, instead clipping to the collar.
Accessories