pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Great Fire of London

The Great Fire of London happened in Central London in 1666. The fire lasted for just under five days, from 2nd September until 6th September.
It is believed to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the 80,000 people that lived in the city. It is not known how many people died in the fire. Only a few deaths are certain, but for many of the victims there were no records. The fire may have cremated many, leaving no recognisable remains. It threatened the aristocratic district of Westminster (the modern West End), Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums, however, it never reached these districts.
The fire started at the bakery of Thomas Farriner (or Farynor) on Pudding Lane. It began just after midnight on Sunday 2nd September and grew very fast. Firefighters of the time usually made firebreaks by destroying buildings around the fire so it could not spread. This did not happen quick enough. Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas Bloodworth was not certain what to do. By the time he ordered such measures, it was too late. The Tower of London guard used gunpowder to make good firebreaks that stopped the fire from spreading to the east.
The fire pushed north on Monday into the center of the city. Some people thought that foreigners were setting the fires. They believed it was the French and Dutch, who at that time were England's enemies in the Anglo-Dutch Wars. On Thursday, the fire spread over most of the city, destroying St. Paul's Cathedral and crossed over the River Fleet. It was close to setting fire to Charles II's court at Whitehall.
The social and economic problems created from this were very large. Leaving London to go and live elsewhere was strongly encouraged by Charles II. He feared a London rebellion amongst the refugees who had lost their property. Despite numerous radical proposals, London was reconstructed on essentially the same street plan used before the fire.
The fire is said to have also helped to get rid of the Great Plague which had hit London in 1665, and killed about 70,000 of the 90,000 population, who may have died in the fire. We are able to know a lot about the great fire of London because Samuel Pepys wrote in his famous diary at the time. When the fire started, he looked out of his window, saw the fire and started writing about it.
Damages
The damages have been calculated to 13,500 houses, 87 parish churches, 44 Company Halls, the Royal Exchange, the Custom House, St Paul's Cathedral, the Bridewell Palace and other City prisons, the General Letter Office, and the three western city gates--Ludgate, Newgate, and Aldersgate.
References
Other websites
BBC history site
Channel 4 animation of the spread of the fire
1666
1660s in Europe
17th century in England
Building and structure fires in the United Kingdom
Fires in London
History of London
September events
PGM-17 Thor

The PGM-17A Thor was the first operational ballistic missile of the United States Air Force (USAF).
missiles
Nuclear weapons
1999 İzmit earthquake

The 1999 Izmit earthquake was an approximately 7.4 magnitude earthquake that struck northwestern Turkey on August 17, 1999. It happened at around 3:01 am local time. The event lasted for 37 seconds, killing 15,135 people and leaving approximately half a million people homeless. The epicenter was in Izmit, which was heavily damaged and where most of the deaths and injuries occurred.
After the earthquake, international support came to the area including former United States President Bill Clinton who visited the people who had been affected from the quake in Adapazari. The quake also caused damage and the deaths of hundreds of people in Istanbul.
References
1999 disasters
1999 in Asia
Earthquakes in the 1990s
20th century in Turkey
August 1999 events
Earthquakes in Turkey
Marmara Region
Magnus Härenstam

Johan Herbert Magnus Harenstam (19 June 1941 - 13 June 2015), better known as Magnus Harenstam, was a Swedish television host, actor and comedian. He hosted the Swedish version of the U.S. game show Jeopardy! from 1991 until 2005 before being replaced by Adam Alsing. He was also known for hosting the children's television program Fem myror ar fler an fyra elefanter with Brasse Brannstrom and Eva Remaeus from 1973 until 1975. He also appeared in the comedy movies Sallskapsresan (1980) and Gota kanal eller Vem drog ur proppen? (1981).
Harenstam was born in Vastervik, Kalmar County. His autobiography was released in 2015, months before his death.
Harenstam died from spinal cancer on 13 June 2015 in Stockholm, aged 73.
References
Other websites
Magnus Harenstam at The Swedish Film Database
1941 births
2015 deaths
Autobiographers
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Deaths from spinal cancer
Swedish comedians
Swedish voice actors
Swedish movie actors
Swedish stage actors
Swedish television actors
Swedish television presenters
Irakli Garibashvili

Irakli Garibashvili (, also transliterated as Gharibashvili) (born June 28, 1982) is a Georgian politician and former business executive. He became Prime Minister of Georgia on 20 November 2013. He resigned as prime minister on 23 December 2015. He became prime minister again in 2021.
References
1982 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Georgia
Government ministers of Georgia (country)
Business people
Politicians from Tbilisi
Current national leaders
Blowback

Blowback is a system of operation for self-loading firearms that obtains energy from the motion of the cartridge case as it is pushed to the rear by expanding gases created by the ignition of the propellant charge.
Several blowback systems exist within this broad principle of operation, each distinguished by the methods used to control bolt movement. In most actions that use blowback operation, the breech is not locked mechanically at the time of firing: the inertia of the bolt and recoil spring(s), relative to the weight of the bullet, delays opening of the breech until the bullet has left the barrel. A few locked breech designs use a form of blowback (example: primer actuation) to perform the unlocking function.
Other operating principles for self-loading firearms include blow forward, gas operation, recoil operation, revolver, Gatling, and chain. The blowback principle may be considered a simplified form of gas operation, since the cartridge case behaves like a piston driven by the powder gases.
Simple Blowback
Simple blowback operation is where the recoil of the cartridge moves the bolt rearwards to reload the next round. This operation is found in automatic pistols and submachine guns and firearms chambered in lower pressure rounds. The likes of rifle rounds which have higher pressures is usually deemed unsuitable for simple blowback operation. However, there is Delayed Blowback where the chamber is locked until the pressures drop to a safe level to reload.
Delayed Blowback
Delayed blowback is similar to simple blowback but is capable of handling the pressures of rifle rounds. It uses an operation that delays the opening of the bolt when firing.
Lever delayed blowback
Lever delayed blowback is where the bolt has a lever that slows the opening of the bolt but accelerates the bolt carrier, the bolt then also accelerates with the bolt carrier. The AA52 machine gun and the FAMAS use this operation.
Roller delayed blowback
Roller delayed blowback is where the bolt has two rollers that pop out both sides of the bolt to lock the chamber. The Sturmgewehr 45 assault rifle, Heckler & Koch MP5 and Calico submachine gun uses this operation.
Primer actuated blowback
Primer actuated blowback is when the round is fired, the primer moves the firing pin rearwards to unlock the bolt. The Garand Model 1919 and Postnikov APT uses this operation.
References
Primer actuated M16 bolt
Firearms
Parliament of Ghana

The Parliament of Ghana is the legislative body of the Government of Ghana.
References
Organizations based in Ghana
Unicameral legislatures
Albin Ekdal

Albin Ekdal (; born 28 July 1989) is a Swedish footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Serie A side Sampdoria.
He has been found positive to COVID-19 on 13 March 2020.
References
1989 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Sportspeople from Stockholm
Lamu

Lamu or Lamu Town is a small town on Lamu Island in Kenya. Situated by road northeast of Mombasa.
Lamu Town on Lamu Island is Kenya's oldest continually inhabited town and was one of the original Swahili settlements along coastal East Africa. It is believed to have been established in 1370. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Notable landmarks
The town was founded in the 14th century and it contains many fine examples of Swahili architecture. The old city is inscribed on the World Heritage List as "the oldest and best-preserved Swahili settlement in East Africa".
The town contains the Lamu Fort on the seafront. The fort was completed by the early 1820s.
Transport
In 2011, proposals were being advanced to build a deep-water port which would have much greater capacity in terms of depth of water. China has begun to transform Lamu into the largest port in East Africa.
Since the island has no cars, transportation and other heavy work is done with the help of donkeys. There are some 3000 donkeys on the island.
In popular culture
The song "Lamu" by Christian singer Michael W. Smith is inspired by the island. The song is about running away from life's problems.
Lamu is the setting of Anthony Doerr's short story "The Shell Collector" from his collection of stories by the same name.
Part of the events in the novel "Our Wild Sex in Malindi" (by Andrei Gusev) takes place in Lamu.
References
Towns in Africa
Settlements in Kenya
World Heritage Sites in Africa
Uttoxeter

Uttoxeter is a small market town and civil parish in East Staffordshire, Staffordshire, England. In 2001, 12,023 people lived there. This number was expected to grow when new developments in the town finished. Uttoxeter is close to the River Dove. It is near the cities of Stoke-on-Trent, Derby and Lichfield. It is twinned with Raisdorf in Germany (with whom close links are still maintained), and Fumel in France.
References
Towns in Staffordshire
Civil parishes in Staffordshire
Market towns in England
Hindutva

Hindutva, which means "Hinduness", is a kind of nationalism in India. The word was made popular by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1923. Groups that believe in Hindutva include the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and the Sangh Parivar. Hindutva considers Hinduism better than other religions and cultures. Because of this, some people describe Hindutva as almost fascist, while others say that Hindutva is conservative.
Comments by scholars
According to Christophe Jaffrelot, a political scientist specializing in South Asia, the Hindutva ideology has roots in an era where the fiction in ancient Indian mythology and the Vedics was thought to be valid. This fiction was used to "give sustenance to Hindu ethnic consciousness". Its strategy emulated the Muslim identity politics of the Khilafat movement after World War I, and borrowed political concepts from the West - mainly Germany.
According to Anthony Parel, a historian and political scientist, V. D. Savarkar's Hindutva, Who is a Hindu? (1923) is a fundamental text of Hindutva ideology. He comments on Savarkar's summary of Hindu culture "as a self-sufficient culture, not needing any input from other cultures" by saying that this is "an unhistorical, narcissistic and false account of India's past".
Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad, a Fellow of the British Academy and a scholar of Politics and Philosophy of Religion, says that Hindutva is a form of nationalism that is seen differently by its opponents and its supporters. The Hindutva ideology according to Savarkar, states Ram-Prasad, is based on "geography, race, and culture".
References
Nationalism
Hinduism
Jiří Bělohlávek

Jiri Belohlavek (24 February 1946 - 31 May 2017) was a Czech conductor. He was the principal (main) conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra. His name "Belohlavek" means "Whitehead". It is pronounced "Bye-lo-hla-vek". He was born in Prague.
Belohlavek studied conducting with Sergiu Celibidache. He went to the Prague Conservatory and Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. He won the 1970 Czech National Conducting Competition and soon became famous in his country and abroad.
Belohlavek was chief conductor of the Prague Symphony Orchestra from 1977-1989. He became principal conductor of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra in 1990 for a short time. Then he founded the Prague Philharmonia (Prazskou komorni filharmonii) in 1994, They gave concerts all over the world together and made many recordings. He is still their conductor laureate (honorary conductor).
From 1995-2000, Belohlavek was principal guest conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra. In 2006 he became their principal conductor. He conducted them at the Proms that year. In 2007 he conducted at the Last Night of the Proms.
Belohlavek also conducts in the United States. He first conducted at the Metropolitan Opera (Met) in December 2004, conducting Leos Janacek's "Kata Kabanova" with Karita Mattila in the title role. He returned to the Met in January and February of 2007 for the same composer's "Jenufa", once again with Mattila, and with Anja Silja as the Kostelnicka. Other guest conducting appearances in the US have been with the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra.
Belohlavek died on 31 May 2017 in Prague from cancer at the age of 71.
References
1946 births
Czech people
2017 deaths
Cancer deaths in the Czech Republic
Conductors
Sam Mercer

Sam Mercer is a movie producer of many Hollywood movies, including several projects directed by M. Night Shyamalan such as Signs and The Sixth Sense, as well as other movies like Van Helsing and Things We Lost in the Fire. His career started during the early 1980s as a location manager and later advanced to a producer and executive producer. He also produced the latest M. Night Shyamalan movies The Happening and The Last Airbender.
Other websites
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American movie producers
Crans, Ain

Crans is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Communes in Ain
Yuri Kochiyama

Yuri Kochiyama (formerly Mary Yuriko Nakahara; May 19, 1921 - June 1, 2014) was a Japanese-American civil rights activist. This passion led her to initiate reparations for interned Japanese-Americans during World War 2. As one of the thousands of Japanese-Americans sent to concentration camps, she felt strongly about the cause. The imprisonment and death of her father helped her to become an advocate for the oppressed. She stood for and admired other activists such as Malcolm X, Che Guevarra, Patrice Lumumba, and Fidel Castro. Specifically, Kochiyama was friends with Malcolm X, an African-American human rights activist in the 1960s. She was a part of Malcolm's Organization of Afro-American Unity, and took part in the film, Death of a Prophet, where she played herself. Later in her career, Yuri Kochiyama was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize in 2005.
References
1921 births
2014 deaths
American civil rights activists
Feminists
Mark Schweiker

Mark Stephen Schweiker (born January 31, 1953) is an American businessman and politician. He was the 44th governor of Pennsylvania from October 5, 2001 to January 21, 2003. Schweiker is a Republican.
References
1953 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of Pennsylvania
Governors of Pennsylvania
Businesspeople from Pennsylvania
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Ghostbusters: Afterlife

Ghostbusters: Afterlife (titled Ghostbusters: Legacy or Ghostbusters: From Beyond in some markets) is an 2021 American supernatural horror fantasy comedy movie directed by Jason Reitman and written by Reitman and Gil Kenan. It stars Carrie Coon, Finn Wolfhard, Mckenna Grace, and Paul Rudd, while Bill Murray, Dan Aykroyd, Ernie Hudson, Sigourney Weaver, and Annie Potts return to their roles from the original movies.
It is the interquel and a direct sequel to Ghostbusters (1984) and Ghostbusters II (1989) also Ghostbusters: Answer The Call (2016).
Ghostbusters: Afterlife was originally scheduled for release in the United States on July 10, 2020, but was delayed to November 19, 2021.
References
2021 comedy movies
2021 fantasy movies
American comedy movies
Ghostbusters movies
2021 horror movies
Comedy horror movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies set in Calgary
Movies set in Chicago
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in Oklahoma
Movies about earthquakes
Movies featuring puppetry
Movies about poverty
Movies about inheritances
Movies about old age
Roman Malinowski

Roman Malinowski (26 February 1935 - 31 August 2021) was a Polish politician and economist. He was a member of the Sejm between 1976 until 1989. From 1985 until 1989, he was the Marshal of the Sejm. Malinowski was also the Deputy Prime Minister from 1980 until 1985. He was a member of the United People's Party.
Malinowski was born in Bialystok, Poland. He died on 31 August 2021 in Warsaw, aged 86.
References
1935 births
2021 deaths
Polish economists
Marshals of the Sejm
Email headers

On the Internet, a header is extra information about a group of data. When someone sends an email, this information might contain when the email was sent, or some data about who sent the email (such as their IP address). You can think of email headers like the address and postage stamp on the outside of an envelope sent through regular mail.
Sometimes, this happens with other data (which is not an email) too. Computers often communicate with each other to transmit other kinds of data, like how to display a webpage, or the contents of an image. When this happens, other headers also come along with it.
Examples
In an email, the following headers are sent: The sender's email address and name, the recipient's email address and name, the time the email was sent, the subject of the email, and the time the email was received by each computer between the sender and the recipient.
When transferring an image, some other headers are sent: The image type, the image size, the image resolution, and the number of colors used.
E-mail
Pokki

Pokki is a free digital distribution platform and Windows Shell extension. It was made by SweetLabs, Inc. It gives computers running Windows a mobile app-like interface. It is available for Windows XP and later; the Windows 8 version takes over the Start screen to imitate a look and feel of the second generation Start menu in earlier versions of Windows.
Pokki is adware, according to Malwaretips. Meanwhile, Sophos AV has said Pokki is "viruses and spyware".
History
Pokki first launched as a beta version in June 2011. Pokki's framework is built on Chromium, allowing developers to make desktop applications with normal internet languages, such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript.
In April 2012, Pokki launched the Pokki Store, a marketplace and app store for desktop apps for social networking services and social gaming apps. With the Pokki Store, users can browse, search, and download applications in various categories. Developers submit applications using the Pokki Developer Center.
In August 2012, Pokki finished being in the beta stage. It said it had 1 million monthly active users. It released the Pokki Menu, an app launcher for access, management, and discovery of its apps, and a notification center for real-time updates.
In October 2012, Pokki for Windows 8 was released as a free software download to bring back core things to the Windows Start menu that had been removed from Windows 8. It had about 1.5 million users as of January 2013.
References
Other websites
Microsoft Windows software
Jean Faggion

Jean Faggion was a sports shooter from France. Faggion competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born on 28 September 1931 and died on 4 February 2020.
References
Other websites
1931 births
2020 deaths
Sport shooters
French Olympians
Manipur International Polo

Manipur International Polo or Manipur Polo International is an annual international polo sports competition organised in Imphal, the capital city of Manipur. The main venue is Mapal Kangjeibung, the oldest pologround in the world. It is organized under the aegis of the Manipur Horse Riding and Polo Association (MHRPA) in the aim to popularize the game across India and the world. Several nations including Argentina, Australia, Canada, Egypt, France, Germany, Haiti, India, Kenya, Mongolia, Morocco, Poland, South Africa, Thailand, United Kingdom, Uruguay and United States participate in the championship competing with the team of players from Manipur. Notably, team for India is named "INDIA-A" team (represented by Indian Polo Association) and team for Manipur is named "INDIA-B" team (represented by MHRPA).
References
Polo in Manipur
Jaki Liebezeit

Jaki Liebezeit (May 26, 1938 - January 22, 2017) was a German drummer. He was best known as a founding member of Can, who has been called "one of the few drummers to convincingly meld the funky and the cerebral". He also played the piano and saxophone. He was born in Dresden, Germany.
Liebezeit died on January 22, 2017 in Cologne, Germany from pneumonia, aged 78.
References
Other websites
1938 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
German pianists
German saxophonists
German drummers
Musicians from Dresden
Damian Marley

Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley (born July 21, 1978 in Kingston, Jamaica) is a Jamaican singer, songwriter, rapper and DJ. Marley has won four Grammy Awards. He is the son of Bob Marley.
Personal life
Marley has released four studio albums. Marley has ten siblings: Ky-Mani, Julian, Stephanie, Karen, Rohan, Robbie, Stephen, Ziggy, Cedella and Sharon. Marley has a football team named after him in England called FC Zion.
Discography
Damian Marley has released 4 studio albums:
References
Other websites
Damian Marley official website
1978 births
Living people
Jamaican singers
Rastafari
Jamaican reggae musicians
Marley, Bob
Grammy Award winners
Fatimah

Fatimah (, born 605 or 615 - d. 633) was the eldest daughter of Muhammad. She is mostly honored by Shia Muslims. The Fatimid Caliphate claimed to be her descendants.
References
600s births
633 deaths
Children of Muhammad
1591

1591 was a common year.
Events
August 30 - The Battle of Flores begins
November 11 - King Henry IV of France begins the siege of Rouen.
1591
Ecquedecques

Ecquedecques is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Lincoln County, Kentucky

Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,742. Its county seat is Stanford.
References
1780s establishments in Virginia
1780 establishments in North America
Kentucky counties
Canadian Hurricane Centre

The Canadian Hurricane Centre (CHC) is a Canadian agency that is responsible for monitoring and tracking tropical cyclones that come near or affects Canadian territory. The agency warns people about on-coming tropical cyclones and makes hurricane advisories when needed. Its headquarters are in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
CHC usually works together with its United States counterpart, the National Hurricane Center in Miami, to coordinate the tracks and positions of all storms that show a possible threat to Canada.
While Atlantic hurricanes are normally uncommon in Canada, they do approach or strike from time to time. Among recent events are Hurricane Bob, which struck New Brunswick, in 1991, Hurricane Luis which struck Newfoundland in September 1995, Hurricane Hortense which struck Nova Scotia in September 1996, Hurricane Michael which struck Newfoundland in October 2000, and Hurricane Juan, which struck Nova Scotia in September 2003.
Other websites
CHC website
Official Canadian Weather Warnings
Hurricane Bulletins for your wireless device
Government agencies of Canada
Angry Birds Space

Angry Birds Space is a video game developed by Rovio Entertainment. Similar to Angry Birds, players use a slingshot to control birds without wings. The target is to destroy all the pigs. However, the gravitational field is completely different from Angry Birds.
Levels
Related pages
Angry Birds
Angry Birds Go!
Angry Birds Epic
Bad Piggies
Amazing Alex
References
Puzzle video games
2012 video games
Augustin Bubník

Augustin "Gustav" Bubnik (21 November 1928 in Prague, Czechoslovakia - 18 April 2017 in Prague, Czech Republic) was a retired ice hockey player for the Czechoslovak national team. He won a silver medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics. He also played in the 1947 and 1949 World Championships. Czechoslovakia won both.
He later worked as ice hockey coach and was elected as MP to the lower chamber of Czech Parliament from the Civic Democratic Party. He also worked as ice hockey coach of the Finnish National Team from 1966 to 1969, and was later inducted to the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame.
References
1928 births
2017 deaths
Czech ice hockey players
Czechoslovak ice hockey players
Czechoslovak Olympic silver medalists
Sportspeople from Prague
Haldun Boysan

Haldun Boysan (6 July 1958 - 31 August 2020) was a Turkish actor. He was born in Ankara. He was known for his roles as Kamil in On Board (1998), Fethi in Robbery Alla Turca (2005) and as Vasfi in The Jackal (2010).
Boysan died on 31 August 2020 from a heart attack in Nevsehir, Turkey at the age of 62.
References
Other websites
1958 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Actors from Ankara
Turkish movie actors
Turkish television actors
Turkish stage actors
Turkish voice actors
Timbuktu

Timbuktu is a city in Tombouctou Region, Mali. Sankore University and other madrasas are in the city. The city was important for thinking and for religion in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was important in spreading Islam through Africa at that time. There are three great mosques: Djingareyber, Sankore and Sidi Yahya. They are reminders of Timbuktu's golden age. They are always being fixed, but are threatened because the desert is spreading.
Songhay, Tuareg, Fulani, and Mande people live in Timbuktu. It is about 15 km north of the Niger River. There is a route across the Sahara Desert from east to west and this is used for trade. There is another from north to south. These two routes meet in Timbuktu. It is an entrepot for rock salt from Taoudenni. This means that the salt is brought here and sold to other people to take it somewhere else, but no tax is charged.
Its location helped different people meet, so local people, Berbers and Arabs met here. It has a long history of mixed African trade, so it became famous in Europe for this reason. Therefore, western people often thought of Timbuktu as being exotic. It has a hot desert climate (BWh in the Koeppen climate classification).
Timbuktu has given a lot of research and study to Islam and to the world. Important books were written and copied in Timbuktu in the 14th century. This made the city become the center of writing in Africa.
References
Cities in Mali
Lone Tree, Colorado

Lone Tree is a home rule municipality in Douglas County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 10,218 at the 2010 United States Census.
References
Cities in Colorado
Ryan White

Ryan Wayne White (December 6, 1971 - April 8, 1990) was an American teenager from Kokomo, Indiana, who became a national poster child for HIV/AIDS in the United States after failing to be readmitted to school following an AIDS diagnosis. As a hemophiliac, he became infected with HIV from a contaminated blood treatment (Factor VIII) and, when diagnosed in December 1984, was given six months to live.
A lengthy administrative appeal process ensued, and news of the conflict turned Ryan into a popular celebrity and advocate for AIDS research and public education. Surprising his doctors, Ryan White lived five years longer than predicted but died in April 1990, one month before his high school graduation.
The United States Congress passed a major piece of AIDS legislation, the Ryan White CARE Act, shortly after White's death. The Act has been reauthorized twice; Ryan White Programs are the largest provider of services for people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States.
References
1971 births
1990 deaths
Deaths from AIDS
Infectious disease deaths in Indiana
People from Indiana
Cass Ballenger

Thomas Cass Ballenger (December 6, 1926 - February 18, 2015) was an American politician. He was a Republican. He represented North Carolina's 10th Congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1986 to 2005.
1926 births
2015 deaths
United States representatives from North Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Dunblane massacre

The Dunblane massacre took place at Dunblane Primary School in Dunblane, Stirlingshire, Scotland, on 13 March 1996.
Thomas Hamilton killed 16 children and a teacher before committing suicide. It is the deadliest mass shooting in British history.
Later, and influenced by this event, two new Firearms Acts were passed. They greatly restricted private ownership of firearms in Great Britain.
Sources
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-inquiry-into-the-shootings-at-dunblane-primary-school
1996 in the United Kingdom
1990s crimes in the United Kingdom
1990s murders in Europe
20th century in Scotland
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1990s
Attacks on buildings and structures in the United Kingdom
Attacks on schools in Europe
March 1996 events
Mass murder in 1996
Mass shootings in Europe
Mass shootings in the 1990s
Massacres in the United Kingdom
Murder in Scotland
Murder-suicides in Europe
Murders by firearm in the United Kingdom
School shootings
Gholamreza Hassani

Ayatollah Gholamreza Hassani (, ) (30 August 1928 - 21 May 2018) was an Iranian conservative politician and cleric. He was the previous Friday prayer, first First imam of Masjid-e-Jame mosque of the city of Urmia. He was born in Urmia, Iran.
He was a member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the first term from electoral district of Urmia and representative of the Iranian Supreme Leader Grand Ayatollah Ali Hosseini Khamenei in West Azarbaijan Province.
Hassani died on 21 May 2018 in Tehran at the age of 90.
References
Other websites
Hjt lslm qryshy bh mmt jm`h rwmyh w nmyndh wly fqyh dr adhrbyjn Grby mnSwb shd/ tqdyr z mjhdt w khdmt Hjt lslm Hsny
1928 births
2018 deaths
Iranian politicians
Jonathan Banks

Jonathan Ray Banks (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor. His known movie roles were in the movies Airplane!, 48 Hrs., and Beverly Hills Cop. He later became well known and won many awards for his role as private Finger in the television series Breaking Bad and its spin-off, Better Call Saul, as well as Frank McPike in Wiseguy.
Banks played the voice of James Gordon in the 2015 video game Batman: Arkham Knight.
In 2012, Banks won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television.
Banks was born in Washington, D.C.. He was raised in Terre Haute, Indiana. He studied at the University of Indiana Bloomington.
References
Other websites
Saturn Award winners
1947 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American video game actors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
Actors from Indiana
People from Terre Haute, Indiana
Hurricane Donna

Hurricane Donna was a Cape Verde-type hurricane. It happened in 1960. It moved across the Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispanola, Cuba, The Bahamas, and every state on the East Coast of the United States.
Hurricane Donna holds the record for keeping major hurricane status in the Atlantic Basin for the longest period of time. For nine days, September 2 to September 11, Donna had maximum sustained winds of at least .
Hurricane Donna was a very destructive hurricane. It made a lot of damage from the Lesser Antilles to New England. At least 364 people were killed by the hurricane. Over $900 million in damage was done (1960 USD).
Because of its damage and the high death amount associated with the hurricane, the name Donna was retired. It will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. The name was replaced by Dora in 1964.
References
Hurricanes in the United States
20th century in Puerto Rico
20th century in Haiti
20th century in the Dominican Republic
1960s in Cuba
20th century in the Bahamas
1960 in the United States
1960s in Canada
Hurricanes in Virginia
Hurricanes in South Carolina
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Deadly storms
1960s in weather
Donna
Wartenberg, Bavaria

Wartenberg is a municipality in the district of Erding in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Erding (district)
Roy Scheider

Roy Richard Scheider (November 10, 1932 - February 10, 2008) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as police chief Martin Brody in the 1975 movie Jaws, his Academy Award nominated role (but he did not win the award) as Joe Gideon in the movie All That Jazz, and as Captain Nathan Bridger in Steven Spielberg's Emmy Award winning television series seaQuest DSV. He played "Heywood Floyd " in the 1984 film 2010.
Scheider's mother was an Irish-American Roman Catholic; his father was a German-American Protestant. Scheider had a daughter from his first marriage, and a son and daughter from his second marriage. He had a form of cancer called multiple myeloma, and died of an staphylococcal infection, aged 75.
Other websites
The Roy Scheider Resource
Obituary in The Times
Roy Scheider at the Starpulse Biography site
Roy Scheider at The New York Times
Roy Scheider - Obituary and public tribute
Plum TV Hamptons Tribute
William Friedkin on Roy Scheider
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
People from Orange, New Jersey
Deaths from staphylococcal infection
1932 births
2008 deaths
I (Meshuggah EP)

I is an extended play by Swedish metal band Meshuggah. It was released on July 13 2004. A remastered version of the EP was released on September 30 2014. The remastered version of I also has concert recordings on it.
Track listing
References
2004 works
Meshuggah
Charles C. McDonald

General Charles Clarence McDonald (October 1, 1933 - November 22, 2017) was a United States Air Force general. He served as Commander, Air Force Logistics Command (COMAFLC) from 1989 to 1992.
From August 1979 to February 1981 McDonald was commander of the 320th Bombardment Wing, Mather Air Force Base, California. Under his command the wing won the Fairchild Trophy, awarded to the top bomber wing in the Strategic Air Command for combined bombing and navigational excellence.
He was promoted to general November 1, 1989, with same date of rank, and retired June 30, 1992.
McDonald died on November 22, 2017 in Niceville, Florida of ALS-related complications at the age of 84.
References
1933 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Military people from Wisconsin
Baskarp

Baskarp is a minor locality in Habo Municipality, in the county of Jonkoping in Sweden. In 2010, 79 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Jonkoping County
Hot Latin Tracks

Hot Latin Tracks is a record chart published by Billboard magazine. The chart is based on Spanish-language songs airplay in the United States. English-language songs are allowed to peak within the chart, if a Hispanic singer had recorded it.
Other websites
Official Billboard site
Record charts
Redfield, Arkansas

Redfield is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Hurricane Joan–Miriam

Hurricane Joan was a powerful and deadly hurricane during 1988. Over 200 people died because of Joan. The hurricane reached Category 4 strength.
Hurricanes
Hurricanes in Mexico
1988
Retired tropical cyclone names
1980s in weather
Pixie

A pixie is a supernatural being in folklore and fairytales.
See also
Fairy
Folklore
Texas Senate

The Texas Senate is the upper house of the Texas Legislature. It has 31 members who each represent one district. They serve for 4-year terms with no term limits. The house meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin, Texas. The Republican Party currently controls the house.
Leaders
Current composition
List of members
+Elected in a special election
References
Politics of Texas
State upper houses in the United States
Interstate 840 (North Carolina)

Interstate 840 (I-840) is a auxiliary Interstate Highway of I-40 in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway is the northern half of the larger Greensboro Urban Loop beltway around the city of Greensboro. It connects to a lot of other major highways, such as I-40, I-73, I-85, and I-785.
References
840
Knife in the Water

Knife in the Water () is a 1962 Polish drama movie directed by Roman Polanski in his directorial debut and stars Leon Niemczyk, Jolanta Umecka, Zygmunt Malanowi. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1964.
Other websites
1962 drama movies
Polish movies
Movies directed by Roman Polanski
Clive Swift

Clive Walter Swift (9 February 1936 - 1 February 2019) was an English actor and songwriter. He was best known for his roles as Richard Bucket in the British television series Keeping Up Appearances and as Roy in the British television series The Old Guys. Swift was born in Liverpool. He was married to journalist Margaret Drabble from 1960 to 1975 when they divorced.
Swift died at home in London from respiratory failure on 1 February 2019, aged 82.
References
Other websites
Clive Swift at the British Film Institute
Obituary at bbc.co.uk
1936 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in London
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English songwriters
Actors from Liverpool
Writers from Liverpool
Martin Sennet Conner

Martin "Mike" Sennet Conner (August 31, 1891 - September 16, 1950), was an American Democratic politician. He was the Governor of Mississippi between 1932 to 1936.
1891 births
1950 deaths
Governors of Mississippi
Tokyo Mew Mew

Tokyo Mew Mew (also known as Mew Mew Power in English) is a manga/anime series by Mia Ikumi and Reiko Yoshida. The series is about five girls who are able to change into superwomen based on endangered species. The girls fight a group of three aliens, Quiche, Pie, and Tart, who plan to take over Earth. The aliens attack the girls by creating "chimera animals" that the girls fight.
The manga was published from 2000 to 2003. The anime was broadcast from April 6, 2002 until March 29, 2003. It was broadcast on both TV Aichi and TV Tokyo.
References
Tokyo Mew Mew volume 1
2005 television series debuts
2000s establishments in Japan
2005 television series endings
21st-century disestablishments in Japan
2000s disestablishments in Asia
Arthur (season 22)

The 22nd season of Arthur first started showing on PBS Kids on May 13, 2019 with the episode "Mr. Ratburn and the Special Someone". The season ended on May 16, 2019. Jane Lynch made an appearance as a guest star when the season started.
Episodes
References
Arthur (TV series) seasons
2019 television seasons
Optimization (computer science)

In computing, optimization is the process of modifying a system to make some features of it work more efficiently or use fewer resources. For instance, a computer program may be optimized so that it runs faster, or to run with less memory requirements or other resources (see Space-time tradeoff), or to consume less energy. This is a branch of software engineering.
The optimization can have sense at different levels, from the lowest (development of circuits, writing of machine code designed especially for the architecture) up to the highest levels of making of implementation, use or design of algorithms.
The optimization is generally recommended to leave until the end of the process of development, since the premature optimization can introduce new errors (generally more difficult to detect for being of algorithmic nature).
The optimized system may be a single computer program, a collection of computers or even an entire network such as the Internet.
Other websites
Programming Optimization
C,C++ optimization
C optimization tutorial
Software Optimization at Link-time And Run-time
Article "A Plea for Lean Software" by Niklaus Wirth
Description from the Portland Pattern Repository
Performance tuning of Computer Networks
An article describing high-level optimization
Some examples of optimization problems & algorithms
Computer science
Peter Nottet

Petrus "Peter" Wilhelmus Frederikus Nottet (born 23 September 1944) is a Dutch speed skater. He competed in the 1964 Winter Olympics and in the 1968 Winter Olympics.
In 1964 he finished 34th in the 5000 metres event. Four years later he won the bronze medal in the 5000 metres competition.
References
1944 births
Living people
Dutch Olympic bronze medalists
Dutch speed skaters
Sportspeople from The Hague
Horace Romano Harré

Horace Romano Harre (; 18 December 1927 - 18 October 2019), known widely as Rom Harre, was a New Zealand-born British philosopher and psychologist.
He taught mathematics at King's College, Auckland (1948-53) and the University of Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan (1953-4). From 2009 until 2011 he was Director Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science at the London School of Economics.
His written works were about philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, ontology, psychology, social psychology, sociology and philosophy.
References
1927 births
2019 deaths
New Zealand scientists
British philosophers
British physiologists
Norman County, Minnesota

Norman County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 6,441 people lived there. The county seat is Ada.
References
Minnesota counties
Nasa (footballer, born 1968)

Gesiel Jose de Lima, commonly known as Nasa (born December 8, 1968), is a retired association footballer who played as a midfielder for several Serie A clubs.
Club statistics
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||11||1||1||0||4||0||16||1
|-
|2002||20||5||1||0||6||0||27||5
31||6||2||0||10||0||43||6
31||6||2||0||10||0||43||6
|}
References
1968 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Anglo-Zulu War

The Anglo-Zulu War was a war fought from 1879 to 1887 between the Zulu people and the British Empire. There was no declaration of war. The war was fought in South Africa, mostly. The Zulu were victorious at first, and won the Battle of Isandlwana. Later their luck turned, and the British Empire won the Battle of Ulundi. The Zulu lost the war, and the Zulu Kingdom ceased to exist as an independent state. Today, the area is part of South Africa, and is called KwaZulu-Natal.
Wars involving the British Empire
19th century in South Africa
Resistance to the British Empire
19th-century conflicts
Diana Ross

Diana Ross is an American singer. She was born in 1944 in Detroit, Michigan. Ross worked as a secretary for Motown Records in Detroit. She first became successful with a Motown group as The Supremes. The Supremes were the most successful act on Motown in the 1960s. They sold millions of albums and made it possible for other African American musical acts to become famous with international audiences.
Diana Ross had a successful solo career from the 1970s on. She is a high-paid concert performer. She also starred in three movies: Lady Sings The Blues, the story of the blues singer Billie Holiday; Mahogany, a story about a fashion designer; and The Wiz, an African-American version of the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
Personal life
Ross has five children and two grandchildren.
Other websites
1944 births
20th-century American singers
African-American singers
African American actors
Diana Ross
Living people
People from Bessemer, Alabama
Singers from Alabama
Actors from Alabama
Actors from Detroit
Singers from Detroit
American R&B singers
American soul singers
American disco singers
December 2008 New England ice storm

The December 2008 ice storm was a bad ice storm in New England and New York. It made millions of people lose power. The storm was said to be the worst ice storm in a decade for New England. It was also the worst in 21 years for New York. Because of the storm, many trees fell down. They were coated in a heavy layer of ice. Many people were still without power after the storm was gone.
References
2008 in weather
Natural disasters in the United States
2008 in New York (state)
Second Epistle of Peter

The Second Epistle of Peter is the 61st book in the Christian Bible, and the twenty-second in the New Testament. This book is believed to be a letter from Peter, who was a disciple of Jesus.
When it was written
Since Peter was killed in about 69 A.D. by Nero, the emperor of Rome, if Peter is the author it was written about 65 to 69 A.D. In the letter the writer says, ("since I know that the putting off of my body will be soon, as our Lord Jesus Christ made clear to me"). Chapter 1, verse 14 Some think that the book was written by a later unnamed follower of Peter, and it could have been any time between 60 and 160 A.D. In both ancient and modern times, people have disagreed about this but the letter was finally accepted as part of the Bible by most Christians.
The content of the letter
In both content and style this letter is very different from 1 Peter.
The epistle mentions many verses in the Old Testament. In Chapter 3, verses 15 and 16 one of Paul's letters is mentioned. This is probably 1 Thessalonians chapters 4 and 5. Peter calls Paul's writings scripture and mentions that they are hard to understand so that some people try to change their meaning.
The letter begins with a greeting. Next the writer tells the Christians to live a good life of faith, knowledge, self control, and love. In Chapter 2, there are warnings about false teachers. In Chapter 3 are teachings about the Second Coming of Jesus. The letter ends by saying again that the Christians should live properly. Then there is a final blessing.
References
Other websites
II Peter (NIV)
II Peter (KJV)
New Testament books
General Epistles
Cassel, Nord

Cassel is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,265 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Patch Adams (movie)

Patch Adams is a 1998 American semi-biographical comedy-drama movie directed by Tom Shadyac. It stars Robin Williams. It is based on the life story of Dr. Hunter "Patch" Adams and the book Gesundheit: Good Health is a Laughing Matter by Adams and Maureen Mylander. Besides having mixed reviews, the movies was a box-office success, grossing over twice its budget in the United States alone.
References
Other websites
The Real Patch Adams Official Web Site
Patch Adams the film VS the real Patch Adams
1990s biographical movies
1998 comedy-drama movies
American biographical movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Virginia
Universal Pictures movies
Dina Merrill

Dina Merrill (December 29, 1923 - May 22, 2017) was an American actress, socialite, businesswoman and philanthropist. She is known for her roles in Operation Petticoat, The Sundowners, BUtterfield 8, The Courtship of Eddie's Father, and in Caddyshack II.
Merrill died on May 22, 2017 at her East Hampton, New York home from dementia at the age of 93.
References
Other websites
1923 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in New York (state)
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American philanthropists
Actors from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City