pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jack Straw

John Whitaker 'Jack' Straw (born 3 August 1946 in Buckhurst Hill, Essex, England) is a British politician. He held several Cabinet posts in the Labour government under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Blackburn.
Jack Straw became a Labour Party MP at the 1979 General Election for the constituency of Blackburn. He was promoted to the shadow cabinet in 1987 and became the Home Secretary when Labour returned to power in 1997. His other cabinet posts included: Foreign Secretary (2001-2006), Leader of the House of Commons (2006-2007) and Justice Secretary (2007-2010). He did not choose to become a member of Ed Miliband's shadow cabinet.
Personal life
Straw's first marriage, in 1968, to teacher Anthea Weston ended in divorce in 1977. They had a daughter, Rachel, born on 24 February 1976. She died after five days because of a heart defect.
Straw is of Jewish descent (his maternal great-grandmother was from an Eastern-European Jewish family). He himself is Christian.
On 10 November 1978 he married Alice Perkins, a senior civil servant. They have two adult children, William and Charlotte.
He supports his local football club Blackburn Rovers. He was made an Honorary Vice President of Blackburn Rovers in 1998 by Jack Walker.
Straw has tinnitus.
References
1946 births
Living people
English Anglicans
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Lord Chancellors
Politicians from Essex
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State for the Home Department
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1979-1983
UK MPs 1983-1987
UK MPs 1987-1992
UK MPs 1992-1997
UK MPs 1997-2001
UK MPs 2001-2005
UK MPs 2005-2010
UK MPs 2010-2015
European Jews
British Christians
Japandroids

Japandroids is a Canadian rock band from Vancouver, British Columbia.
Career
The band was formed in 2006 by Brian King and David Prowse. King and Prowse met each other in 2000 while they were attending the University of Victoria in Victoria. They started going to live shows together regularly in Victoria and Vancouver after they found out that they had a mutual interest in music. In 2003, Prowse moved to Vancouver and transferred to Simon Fraser University. After King graduated in 2005, he moved to Vancouver to form the band with Prowse. The band was influenced by The Sonics and they started writing music in 2006. The band got their name from a combination of two other band name ideas: Japanese Scream and Pleasure Droids.
The band self-released two EPs: All Lies in 2007 and Lullaby Death Jams in 2008. The EPs were only limited to 500 copies each but were re-released as a compilation titled No Singles in 2010.
Their first studio album titled Post-Nothing was released on April 28, 2009 through Unfamiliar Records and re-released on August 4, 2009 on Polyvinyl Record Co. In March 2009, the website Pitchfork Media named the song "Young Hearts Spark Fire" as a 'Best New Track'. This helped the band gain more recognition outside of Canada.
The band's second studio album Celebration Rock was released on June 5, 2012. The album's first single "The House That Heaven Built" was released on May 15, 2012.
The album received positive reviews. Ian Cohen of Pitchfork said, "Japandroids have gone from having almost none at all [lyrics] to packing their songs with an astonishing command of legend and literalism that all but dares you to feel something." Spin named Japandroids 2012's Band of the Year and rated the album a 9 out of 10. Rolling Stone rated it a 4 out of 5 and listed the album as #10 on their The 10 Coolest Summer Albums of All Time list.
Discography
Studio albums
Post-Nothing (2009)
Celebration Rock (2012)
Compilation albums
No Singles (2010)
References
Other websites
Official website
Canadian rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical duos
Musical groups established in 2006
2006 establishments in Canada
Intramuros

Intramuros is a district of the city of Manila in the Philippines. It is surrounded by fortified walls built in the 16th century.
Manila
Jaago Mohan Pyare

Jaago Mohan Pyare is an Indian Marathi language comedy and supernatural fantasy show which aired on Zee Marathi. It starred Atul Parchure, Shruti Marathe, Supriya Pathare and Usha Naik in lead roles.
Plot
The story revolves around a frustrated common man, Mohan, a middle class tailor who lives in chawl with his dominating wife and mother-in-law. After that a fairy enters his life to help him with all the difficulties and soon his life takes a magical turn.
Cast
Main
Atul Parchure as Mohan Mhatre
Supriya Pathare as Shobha Mohan Mhatre
Usha Naik as Leelavati; Shobha's mother
Shruti Marathe as Mohini / Bhanumati; Mohan's servant (Fairy)
Maithili Patwardhan as Mau; another Little Fairy
Recurring
Bhargavi Chirmule as Mohan's boss, Tailor Shop's owner
Disha Danade as Anjali
Atharva Sanjay as Manya
Prithvik Pratap as Rahul
Meera Sarang as Madhuri
Sandeep Juwatkar as Madan
Vandana Marathe as Aaji
Madhavi Juvekar as Shanta
Production
The series aired on Zee Marathi from Monday to Saturday at 10.30 pm by replacing Dil Dosti Dobara.
Airing history
Special episode (1 hour)
17 September 2017
10 November 2018
Ratings
References
Trachea

The trachea, or windpipe, is the bony tube that connects the nose and mouth to the lungs, and is an important part of the vertebrate respiratory system. In mammals, the trachea begins at the lower part of the larynx and continues to the lungs, where it branches into the right and left bronchi. Inflammation of the trachea can lead to other conditions, such as tracheitis, which is the inflammation of the linings of the trachea.
Invertebrate trachea
The invertebrate trachea refers to the open respiratory system of terrestrial arthropods. It consists of spiracles, tracheae, and tracheoles that take metabolic gases to and from tissues. The distribution of spiracles varies, but in general each segment of the body has only one pair of spiracles, each of which connects to an atrium and has a relatively large tracheal tube behind it.
The smallest tubes, tracheoles, penetrate cells and diffuse water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Gas may be moved actively or by passive diffusion. Unlike vertebrates, insects do not generally carry oxygen in their haemolymph.
This is one of the factors that may limit their size.
A tracheal tube may contain ridge-like circumferential rings of taenidia in various geometries such as loops or helices. In the head, thorax, or abdomen, tracheae may also be connected to air sacs. Many insects, such as grasshoppers and bees, which actively pump the air sacs in their abdomen, are able to control the flow of air through their body. In some aquatic insects, the tracheae exchange gas through the body wall directly, in the form of a gill, or function as normal, via a plastron. Despite being internal, the tracheae of arthropods are shed during moulting (ecdysis).
References
Animal anatomy
Orbe (district)

The District of Orbe was a district in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The seat of the district was the town of Orbe.
As of 2006 it became part of the Jura-Nord vaudois District.
It contained the following municipalities:
Agiez
Arnex-sur-Orbe
Ballaigues
Baulmes
Bavois
Bofflens
Bretonnieres
Chavornay
Corcelles-sur-Chavornay
Croy
Juriens
La Praz
L'Abergement
Les Clees
Lignerolle
Montcherand
Orbe
Premier
Rances
Romainmotier-Envy
Sergey
Valeyres-sous-Rances
Vallorbe
Vaulion
Vuiteboeuf
Former districts of Vaud
Masahiro Ohashi

is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as a Association football or soccer player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2000||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2001||Mito Hollyhock||J. League 2||35||7||3||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||40||8
|-
|2002||Yokohama F. Marinos||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2002||Albirex Niigata||J. League 2||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||4||1||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||7||1
|-
|2004||8||0||2||0||7||0||1||0||18||0
|-
|2005||25||1||2||0||4||0||5||0||36||1
|-
|2006||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 2||24||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||26||3
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||17||4||3||1||2||0||4||0||26||5
|-
|2008||21||1||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||29||1
|-
|2010||Mito Hollyhock||J. League 2||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|2012||Matsumoto Yamaga||J. League 2||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|2009||Gangwon||K-League||20||4||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||22||4
|-
|2011||Gangwon||J. League 2||||||||||||||||||||
141||17||14||2||26||0||11||0||192||19
20||4||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||22||4
161||21||14||2||28||0||11||0||214||23
|}
References
Other websites
Transfermarkt.co.uk, Masahiro Ohashi
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Sportspeople from Yokohama
Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort

Ucchi Pillayar Temple is a 7th-century Hindu temple, one dedicated to Lord Ganesh located a top of Rockfort, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India. Mythologically this rock is the place where Lord Ganesh ran from King Vibishana, after establishing the Ranganathaswamy deity in Srirangam. The Rock Fort temple stands 83m tall perched atop the rock. The smooth rock was first cut by the Pallavas but it was the Nayaks of Madurai who completed both the temples under the Vijayanagara empire. Due to its ancient and impressive architecture created by the Pallavas, the temple is maintained by the Archaeological department of India.
Reference
Tiruchirapalli district
Otradnoye

Otradnoye (, 59deg47'N 30deg49'E) is a town in northwestern Russia near Saint Petersburg. Its population is about 23,900 (2011). The territory of Otradnoye is about 70 square kilometers.
Other websites
Cities and towns in Leningrad Oblast
Maisons-Alfort

Maisons-Alfort is a commune of 55,899 people (2018). It is found in the Val-de-Marne department in France.
Communes in Val-de-Marne
Johnston County, Oklahoma

Johnston County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 10,513 people lived there. Its county seat is Tishomingo.
Geography
The county has a total area of 658 square miles.
Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
List of Vietnamese provinces by Human Development Index

This is a list of Vietnamese provinces by Human Development Index as of 2022. It is also included with their historical HDI from the year 1999 to 2022.
References
Development
Hancock County, Tennessee

Hancock County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 6,662 people lived there. The county seat is Sneedville.
References
Tennessee counties
Tri-Cities, Tennessee
Tswana language

The Tswana language (or Setswana) is a language spoken in southern Africa. About five million people speak it. It is a Bantu language. It belongs to the Niger-Congo language family within the Sotho languages. It is closely related to the Northern- and Southern Sotho languages.
Tswana is an official language of Botswana. Most Tswana speakers are in South Africa, where four million people speak the language.
References
Bantu languages
Languages of South Africa
Blinken Open Society Archives

Blinken Open Society Archives (Blinken OSA) is an archival institution in Hungary.
Introduction
It was founded by George Soros in 1995, and opened in 1996 as a department of the Central European University. Originally called Open Society Archives (OSA), in 2015 it was renamed Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives.
Its archives are related to post-war European history, the Cold War, the history of the former Eastern Bloc, samizdat, the history of propaganda, human rights, and war crimes.
Blinken OSA is also a department of the Central European University.
The institution is located in Budapest.
The building now also has a gallery named Galeria Centralis.
References
Central European University
Organizations based in Hungary
Glossy-mantled manucode

The glossy-mantled manucode (Manucodia ater) is a medium-sized bird of paradise, around 42cm long, glossed green, blue and purple black with a red iris, black bill, long tail and somewhat elongated upper breast and neck feathers. They can be found in the lowlands of New Guinea and nearby islands. They eat fruits, figs and arthropods.
The glossy-mantled manucode was the first bird of paradise seen by the French naturalist Rene-Primevere Lesson, who was the first westerner to see live wild birds of paradise.
San Diego Zoo has the only captive individual of this species outside of New Guinea.
References
Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
Manucodia
Birds of Oceania
2023 Lebanon mosque shooting

On July 7 2023, a shooting happened at a mosque in Bekka Valley, Lebanon. After the gunshots were heard, the state news agency reported that armed forces had arrived at the site.
References
Joo Koon MRT station

Joo Koon MRT Station (EW29) is a MRT Station in Singapore. It is along the East West MRT Line. It was the terminus station until the Tuas West extension is completed. The station code was originally W14 before the opening.
However every alternate trains will still terminate here despite the opening of the TWE. The other half of the westbound train will then proceed to Tuas after Joo Koon.
History
This station was announced in 2004. Construction began on May 2006 and was completed in 28 February 2009.
Joo Koon rail accident
The Joo Koon rail accident occurred on 15 November 2017, when two trains met into accident causing 36 injuries. The stationary train was in the process of being detrained due to a train fault. This incident is the second train collision in Singapore MRT's history, after the Clementi rail accident in 1993. Both trains were operating under the recently installed Thales SelTrac CBTC signalling system at time of incident, and the Minister of Transport Khaw Boon Wan expressed that he was "disturbed" by an initial finding that a "critical safety software" was inadvertently removed from the stationary train, possibly due to a malfunctioning signalling circuit, had led to the accident.
References
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Curtis McClarin

Curtis L. McClarin (December 3, 1969 - March 3, 2014) was an American actor. He had roles in movies, television shows and musical theater plays. He appeared in the movies The Hard Way (1991), Fresh (1994) and The Happening (2008), the television movie Murder Without Motive: The Edmund Perry Story about the death of Edmund Perry, and on Broadway in the Tony Award-nominated musical Bring in 'da Noise, Bring in 'da Funk. He was born in the borough of Brooklyn, New York City, New York.
McClarin died in his sleep from a brain aneurysm on March 3, 2014 in his hometown of Brooklyn. He was 44 years old.
References
Other websites
Actors from New York City
1969 births
2014 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
African American actors
1798

Events
January 22 - Coup d'etat in the Netherlands (Batavian Republic). Unitarian Democrat Pieter Vreede makes an end to the power of the parliament (with a conservative-moderate majority).
7 March - French forces invade the Papal States and establish the Roman Republic
April 7 - The Mississippi Territory is organized from territory from Georgia and South Carolina and is later twice made larger to include disputed land claimed by both the U.S. and Spain
April 26 - France leaves Geneva
May 24 - Irish nationalists start bloody rebellion against British occupation.
June 12 - French take Malta
June 12 - Coup d'etat in the Netherlands (Batavian Republic). Moderates depose Pieter Vreede.
July 1 - Napoleon's troops land in Egypt
July 14 - The Alien and Sedition Acts become United States law making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false statements about the United States government
July 21 - Napoleon defeats Mameluke forces near the Pyramids
July 24 - Napoleon occupies Cairo
July 30 - Selim III defeats Napoleon in Egypt
July 31 - Second elections in the Netherlands (Batavian Republic). No general elections this time.
August 1 - Horatio Nelson defeats the French navy under Admiral Brueys at the Battle of the Nile. Nelson himself is injured on the head.
August 22 - French troops land at Killala in County Mayo to assist Irish rebellion.
September 18 - Lyrical Ballads published anonymously by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth
Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, Scientific Editor, Astronomer, begins editing journals about navigation and the geographic positions of cities.
XYZ Affair in the U.S., followed by naval battles, but no war is declared.
First mechanical music boxes
Alessandro Volta and La Place discover electricity
The Afghans Army occupied Lahore in Punjab
Aarau is the temporary capital of the Helvetic Republic
Alois Senefelder invents lithography
Eli Whitney contracts with the US Federal Government for 10,000 rifles, which he produces with interchangeable parts
Charles Brockden Brown publishes the first American Novel Wieland or The Transformation an American Tale
Ongoing events
French Revolution (1789-1799) Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign
May-October - Irish Rebellion of 1798
Mel Sembler

Melvin Floyd "Mel" Sembler (born May 10, 1930) is an American politician. He was United States Ambassador to Italy from 2001 to 2005 and Ambassador to Australia and Nauru from 1989 to 1993.
References
1930 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Australia
Ambassadors of the United States to Italy
Politicians from Missouri
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Tetrasulfur tetranitride

Tetrasulfur tetranitride, also known as tetrasulphur tetranitride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is S4N4. It contains sulfur in its +3 oxidation state. It also contains nitride ions.
Properties
It is a gold solid. It is an explosive, releasing sulfur and nitrogen when detonated. The purer the substance is, the more easily it explodes. It is pale yellow when cold, orange at normal temperature, and red when hot. It reacts with bases. It can be split into disulfur dinitride when it is reacted with silver. It does not dissolve in water.
Preparation
It can be made by reacting disulfur dichloride with ammonia. It can also be made by reacting ammonium chloride with disulfur dichloride.
Uses
It can be used to react with many organic compounds.
Safety
It is an explosive, so it should not be ground. Explosion releases harmless nitrogen and sulfur.
Related pages
Nitrate
Sulfate
Sulfur compounds
Nitrogen compounds
Sheldon, Vermont

Sheldon is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Edwin Bramall

Field Marshal Edwin Noel Westby Bramall, Baron Bramall, (18 December 1923 - 12 November 2019) was a senior British Army officer.
Bramall was Chief of the General Staff, the professional head of the British Army, between 1979 and 1982, and as Chief of the Defence Staff, professional head of the British Armed Forces, from 1982 to 1985.
On 25 April 2013 Bramall retired from service in the House of Lords. Bramall died at the age of 95 on 12 November 2019.
References
1923 births
2019 deaths
British military people
People from Kent
Marilyn Diptych

The Marilyn Diptych (1962) is a silkscreen painting by American pop artist Andy Warhol. It shows Marilyn Monroe. The piece is one of the artist's most well known works. It is in the collection of the Tate.
The painting has one picture of Monroe but painted fifty times. Twenty-five of the Monroe paintings are colored in purple, yellow and green. The other half is the same picture but in black and white.
References
Andy Warhol
Patricia Krenwinkel

Patricia Krenwinkel was a member of the Manson Family killers, led by Charles Manson. She is up for parole.
American people convicted of murder
1947 births
Living people
Vaudrivillers

Vaudrivillers is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
List of national trees

A tree emblem is a tree or plant that is chosen by a country as a symbol or emblem for that country.
Examples
References
Trees
Lists of plants
Trees
Lists of countries
Gnetophyta

The Gnetophytes are a group of seed plants with three genera. Their evolutionary relationships are unclear, but it is now clear that they are related to each other.
The three genera are:
Gnetum
Welwitschia
Ephedra
By looking at the structure of these organisms (morphology) and the DNA (molecular taxonomy), scientists have found that Gnetum and Welwitschia are more closely related to each other than to Ephedra.
References
Gymnosperms
Benito Pérez Galdós

Benito Perez Galdos (May 10, 1843 - January 4, 1920) was a Spanish realist novelist. Considered by many second only to Cervantes in stature, Perez Galdos was the greatest Spanish realist novelist. Born in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, he moved to Madrid at the age of 20 where he spent most of his adult life. Within Spain his most popular works are the earlier works: the Episodios nacionales (46 volumes). Outside Spain his Novelas espanolas contemporaneas are more popular.
1843 births
1920 deaths
Spanish writers
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Gorla Maggiore

Gorla Maggiore is a comune in the Province of Varese in the Lombardy region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Game of Death

[[File:Bruce Lee's Nunchaku in Game of Death.jpg|thumb|Bruce Lee's Nunchaku in Game of Death]]
Game of Death () is a 1978 Hong Kong action movie directed by Robert Clouse. The Bruce Lee character, Billy Lo is archive footage of Hai Tien in The Game of Death (1972). 11 minutes and 7 seconds from by The Game of Death (1972). The 1978 version uses portions of the original footage married to an entirely new plot. Starring with Sammo Hung, Kim Tai-jong and Yuen Biao, Gig Young, Dean Jagger, Colleen Camp, Robert Wall, Hugh O'Brian, Dan Inosanto (the only actor to have starred in both versions: Pascal + 1972 archive footage), Mel Novak and Casanova Wong. Distributed by Golden Harvest.
Game of Death (book)
In 1975, before Clouse's Game of Death or any of the Bruceploitation Game of Death movies came out, a book titled "Game of Death" was published in Japan. It told the story of a former martial arts champion whose sister and brother were kidnapped, and who was blackmailed into raiding a martial artist-filled pagoda to retrieve a priceless artifact. This book claimed to be based on The Game of Death's original story, and John Little's discovery of Bruce's outline, twenty years later, pretty much confirms this. They even got minor details correct, like Kareem having lizard eyes.
Special Features
Game of Death Redux (Prequel and sequel: The Story)
Related pages
Sequel: Game of Death II
References
Other websites
1978 action movies
Hong Kong movies
Movies directed by Robert Clouse
Golden Harvest movies
1726

Events
George Friderich Handel becomes a British subject.
Jonathan Swift publishes Gulliver's Travels.
The city of Montevideo was established.
Mary Toft allegedly gives birth to 16 rabbits in England, later revealed to be a hoax.
The Gujin tushu jicheng, an immense Chinese encyclopedia, is printed using movable copper type.
Births
June 23 Victor Amadeus III, King of Sardinia (d. 1796)
April 5 Benjamin Harrison V, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1791)
June 3 James Hutton, Scottish geologist (d. 1797)
June 11 Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain, daughter of Philip V of Spain (d. 1746)
June 20 Louise Henriette de Bourbon, mother of Philippe Egalite (d.1759)
September 1 Francois-Andre Danican Philidor, French chess player (d. 1795)
December 1 Oliver Wolcott, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1797)
December 3 George Wythe, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1806)
Deaths
August 8 - Margravine Johanna of Baden-Baden, Duchess of Orleans (b. 1704)
Cookiecutter shark

The cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis) is a species of small dogfish shark in the family Dalatiidae. This shark, also called the cigar shark, lives in warm, oceanic waters around the world. It often lives near islands. It has been recorded as deep as .
The name "cookiecutter shark" refers to its biting. It takes round plugs, as if cut out with a cookie cutter, out of larger animals. Marks made by cookiecutter sharks have been found on many marine mammals and fishes, as well as on submarines, undersea cables, and even human bodies.
Sharks
Chatom, Alabama

Chatom is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. The town is the county seat of Washington County.
Towns in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Happy Valley, Hong Kong

Happy Valley () is an upper-income residential area in Hong Kong. It is located on Hong Kong Island. It is part of Wan Chai District.
The area is sometimes known as Wong Nai Chung Kuk () or Wong Nai Chung Valley because of the Wong Nai Chung (, lit. yellow mud stream) that leads into the area.
The area is home to the Happy Valley Racecourse, Hong Kong Racing Museum, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, home to the grounds of the Valley RFC rugby club, and the Hong Kong FC.
References
Other websites
Happy Valley Community Home Page
Happy Valley Residents' Organisation
Geography of Hong Kong
Firewall (networking)

In terms of computer security, a firewall is a piece of software. This software monitors the network traffic between the inside and outside. The firewall is placed between the network that is to be protected (trusted) and the outside network (less trusted) aka WAN or Internet. A firewall has a set of rules which are applied to each packet. The rules decide if a packet can pass, or whether it is discarded. When a large network needs to be protected, the firewall software often runs on a computer that does nothing else.
A firewall protects one part of the network against unauthorized access.
Different kinds of Firewalls
Packet filtering / Network Layer
Data travels on the internet in small pieces; these are called packets. Each packet has certain metadata attached, like where it is coming from, and where it should be sent to. The easiest thing to do is to look at the metadata. Based on rules, certain packets are then dropped or rejected. It is done at the network layer.
Stateful packet inspection
In addition to the simple packet filtering (above), this kind of firewall also keeps track of connections. A packet can be the start of a new connection, or it can be part of an existing connection. If it is neither of the two, it is probably useless and can be dropped.
Application-layer firewalls
Application-layer firewalls do not just look at the metadata; they also look at the actual data transported. They know how certain protocols work, for example FTP or HTTP. They can then look if the data that is in the packet is valid (for that protocol). If it is not, it can be dropped.
Other things firewalls are used for
Tunneling
Firewalls can provide a secure connection between two networks. This is called tunnellng. The data may be encrypted. It is decrypted at the other end. Since the firewalls are doing this, the rest of the network is unaware of it. An alternative is to provide a secure access (to the corporate network).
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Very often, firewalls can translate IP addresses. That way, many computers can share a few public IP addresses. The firewall translates between the public and the private IP addresses.
Types of firewalls
In general, there are two types of firewalls:
Software-based firewalls: these are often run as additional programs on computers that are used for other things. They are often known as personal firewalls which can be updates on personal computers.
Prominent Brands include OPNsense, pfsense, comodo etc.
Hardware-based firewalls: Hardware based firewalls run on a dedicated computer (or appliance). Often, these offer a better performance than software firewalls, but they are also more money.
Prominent Brands include PaloAlto, WiJungle, Checkpoint, Cisco etc.
What firewalls cannot protect against
Firewalls can protect against some problems (viruses and attacks) that come from the internet. They cannot protect against viruses, that come from infected media (like an infected office document on an USB flash drive).
Software
Internet security
Philosophy of the World

Philosophy of the World is the first album by The Shaggs. It was released in 1969 by Third Word Records. At the time, it was considered to be one of the worst albums. It was rereleased in 1980 by Red Rooster Records/Rounder Records after the band NRBQ found it at a Massachusetts radio station in 1978, and has been a cult and influential album ever since.
Recording of the album was financed by Austin Wiggin, father of the Wiggin Sisters.
Track list
All songs written & composed by Dorothy Wiggin.
"Philosophy of the World" - 2:56
"That Little Sports Car" - 2:06
"Who Are Parents?" - 2:58
"My Pal Foot Foot" - 2:31
"My Companion" - 2:04
"I'm So Happy When You're Near" - 2:12
"Things I Wonder" - 2:12
"Sweet Thing" - 2:57
"It's Halloween" - 2:22
"Why Do I Feel?" - 3:57
"What Should I Do?" - 2:18
"We Have a Savior" - 3:06
1969 albums
Rock albums
Pop albums
Maucor

Maucor is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
References
Maucor
Salem, Utah

Salem is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States.
Cities in Utah
Forestry

Forestry means working to take care of forests. Someone who has a job looking after forests is called a forester.
Forests are very important for the world today. Much of the water cycle and carbon cycle goes through forests. Many of them are disappearing because people destroy them for firewood or to make farms. A forester makes sure the forest and all the animals that live there are healthy. Foresters also make sure the forest is in good condition for people to use. They makes sure that forests are not destroyed by wildfires before they are ready to use for timber production (cutting down trees to use the wood).
Forests are important for recreation (letting people enjoy them). They are very important today because humans produce a lot of carbon dioxide and the trees in forests help to turn this back into oxygen, which we breathe to live. Foresters also help the government figure out what to do about artificial forestry. Many universities offer forestry courses. Forestry students also study zoology, botany and ecology.
Natural sciences
Buckenhof

Buckenhof is a municipality in the district of Erlangen-Hochstadt, in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Erlangen-Hochstadt
Codex Huamantla

Codex Huamantla, which is also called the Codex of Huamantla and Codice de Huamantla is a book about the Otomi people. It was made by two people. People think it was finished in the year 1592. The first story is about the Otomi people migrating from a place called Chiapas to another place called Huamantla, Tlaxcala, which are both in the country of Mexico today. The other story is about how the Otomi people were involved in the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.
References
16th-century books
Mexican people
Daviess County, Missouri

Daviess County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Gallatin. In 2020, 8,430 people lived there.
References
1836 establishments in Missouri
Missouri counties
Mound Bayou, Mississippi

Mound Bayou is a city in Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States.
Cities in Mississippi
President of North Macedonia

The president of the Republic of North Macedonia (; is the head of state of North Macedonia. The presidency of the modern North Macedonia state began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991.
Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president in the world until his resignation in 1999.
North Macedonia's presidency is largely a ceremonial post and the prime minister of North Macedonia is the country's main political figure.
The president must be a citizen of North Macedonia, be over 40 years of age and have lived in North Macedonia for at least ten of the last fifteen years.
List of presidents
Republic of Macedonia
Parties
Status
References
X-Men Legends II: Rise of Apocalypse

X-Men Legends II: Rise of Apocalypse is a 2005 action-adventure video game based on the X-Men comics and the second game of the X-Men Legends franchise. Patrick Stewart returns to voice in the game as Charles Xavier. It is the only game of the series to have online multiplayer.
Gameplay
A team of up to four mutants including the Brotherhood of Mutants can use abilities to defeat Apocalypse's forces.
Reception
The game has had mixed to positive reviews. Critics loved the bigger roster.
2005 video games
Game Boy Advance games
Nintendo GameCube games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Portable games
Windows games
Xbox games
X-Men games
Resisting arrest

In some countries, resisting arrest is a criminal charge against a person who has ran away from a criminal offense.
What they did
A person resisting arrest has done, depending on the jurisdiction, at least one of the following acts:
fleeing a police officer while being arrested
threatening a police officer with physical violence while being arrested
physically struggling to free oneself from being restrained (handcuffed or put into the police vehicle)
attacking a police officer while being arrested
providing an officer with false identification (either verbally or by presentation of a false official document, i.e. a fake ID)
Background
The website Resisting Arrest stated that not all arrests are lawful and based upon probable cause. However, an attempt at resisting arrest can lead to additional charges.
References
Other websites
Example code from New Jersey
Law enforcement in the United States
List of counties in Maine

There are 16 counties in the U.S. state of Maine
List
|}
Song
A song is taught to many elementary school children across the state, entitled the Maine County Song, to aid in memorizing the names of the state's 16 counties. It is sung to the tune of Yankee Doodle.
Sixteen counties has our state
Cumberland and Franklin
Piscataquis and Kennebec
Oxford, Androscoggin
Waldo, Washington, and York
Lincoln, Knox, and Hancock
Sagadahoc and Somerset
Aroostook and Penobscot
An alternate version as put forth by the Maine Secretary of State's Kids' Page:
The sixteen counties in our state
Are Cumberland and Franklin
Piscataquis and Somerset
Aroostook, Androscoggin
Sagadahoc and Kennebec
Lincoln, Knox and Hancock
Waldo, Washington and York
Oxford and Penobscot
However the traditional version is:
Sixteen counties in our state
are Cumberland and Franklin
Waldo York Piscataquis
Oxford and Androscoggin
Washington and Somerset
Lincoln Knox and Hancock
Kennebec Sagadahoc
Aroostook and Penobscot
References
Maine
San Juan Bautista, California

San Juan Bautista is a city in San Benito County, California, United States.
Cities in California
San Benito County, California
Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project

The Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project (MAP) is an ongoing research action. Its purpose is to discover, document and deal with archaeological remains found in the Black Sea. The project is run by the University of Southampton and funded by the Expedition and Education Foundation. In addition to studying shipwrecks, the project's international team is investigating changes in water level and how those changes affected people around the sea.
In 2018, MAP announced the discovery of the oldest relatively intact ship in the world. It was at the bottom of the sea, about two kilometers below the surface. The ship has been radiocarbon-dated to around 400 B.C. It was a trading ship. It looks like ships shown on Greek pottery from the same era.
References
Archaeological sites in Europe
Archaeological sites in Asia
Ioannis Palaiokrassas

Ioannis Palaiokrassas (; 27 March 1934 - 2 October 2021) was a Greek politician. He was a Minister for Finance and a European Commissioner from 1993 until 1994.
Palaiokrassas died on 2 October 2021 at the age of 85.
References
1934 births
2021 deaths
Greek politicians
European Union politicians
Meredith Baxter

Meredith Baxter (born June 21, 1947), or Meredith Baxter-Birney, is an American actress. She was born in South Pasadena, California. She has been in numerous sitcoms and television movies. She is openly lesbian. She is an alcoholic and is a breast cancer survivor.
References
Other websites
Actors from Pasadena, California
LGBT people from California
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
American voice actors
Lesbians
LGBT actors
1947 births
Living people
Prémont

Premont is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Hugo Gunckel Lüer

Hugo Gunckel Luer (August 10, 1901 - July 17, 1997) was a Chilean pharmacist and botanist. He was a member of many scientific societies.
Works
Bibliografia Moliniana 1980 Fondo Andres Bello
Gunckel, H. (2018). Nombre indigenas relacionados con la flora chilena. Boletin de Filologia, (11), pp. 191-327 PDF
Articles
Tifaceas 1959 Universidad de Chile
Gunckel H 1982. Significado de nombres genericos de algunas plantas de la flora chilena. Academia Ndeg 4. Academia Superior de Ciencias Pedagogicas. 157-180
References
Other websites
Obituary
Memoria Chilena
1901 births
1997 deaths
Chilean botanists
Pharmacists
Gospel Oak to Barking line

The Gospel Oak to Barking line (sometimes unofficially called the GOBLIN) is part of the Network Rail system. It is long from one terminus to the other. It carries both through goods trains and London Overground passenger trains, connecting Gospel Oak station in north London and Barking Riverside station in east London. The line is part of Network Rail Strategic Route 6, and is classified as a London and South East Commuter line. For much of its existence the line has played a minor role in London's transport system. It is now receiving significant investment to increase its capacity. This will include full 25 kV AC overhead electrification, that was completed in 2018.
References
London Overground
Rail transport in London
Transport in the London Borough of Camden
Transport in the London Borough of Islington
Transport in the London Borough of Haringey
Transport in the London Borough of Waltham Forest
Transport in the London Borough of Newham
Transport in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham
Mirror

A mirror or looking-glass is something that reflects light. One common plane mirror is a piece of special flat glass that a person can look into to see a reflection of themselves or what is behind them.
Sometimes, a flat piece of metal or the surface of water can act like a mirror.
You can see yourself in a mirror because light comes in and is reflected.
Curved mirrors can have magnification properties, making images appear smaller or larger than their actual size, like a lens does.. They can be concave (curved inward) or convex (curved outward), making the reflected angle and view to be smaller or larger, respectively. Special mirrors can make a person's appearance look quite strange.
Also, in a mirror, writing appears backwards, as a "mirror image" of the original writing.
Mirrors are usually made out of glass with metal on the back, called "silvering" even if the metal is not silver. Modern mirrors use aluminum. The aluminum is applied via vacuum, and will bond directly to cooled glass.
Tools
Claudia Barrett

Claudia Barrett (born Imagene Williams; November 3, 1929April 30, 2021) was an American actress. Her other movie credits included The Story of Seabiscuit and Chain Lightning, as well as one of the leads of A Life at Stake. In 1953, she played one of the lead roles, Alice, in the low-budget science-fiction movie Robot Monster.
References
1929 births
2021 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Chicago Loop

The Loop or Chicago Loop is one of 77 officially designated community areas in the City of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is the historic commercial center of downtown Chicago. It is the seat of government for Chicago and Cook County, as well as the historic theater and shopping district.
As established in social research done by the University of Chicago in the 1920s, the Loop is a defined community area of Chicago. The name comes from the eleveated train tracks that form a loop. Chicago's central business district community area is bounded on the west and north by the Chicago River, on the east by Lake Michigan, and on the south by Roosevelt Road. But the commercial core has grown into adjacent community areas.
The community area includes Grant Park and one of the largest art museums in the United States, the Art Institute of Chicago. Other major cultural institutions here include the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Goodman Theatre, the Joffrey Ballet, the Cloud Gate, the Willis Tower, the Chicago Board of Trade Building, the central public Harold Washington Library, and the Chicago Cultural Center.
In what is now the Loop Community Area, on the southern banks of the Chicago River, near today's Michigan Avenue Bridge, the U.S. Army erected Fort Dearborn in 1803. It was the first settlement in the area sponsored by the United States.
References
Other websites
Chicago Loop Alliance
Prairie District Neighborhood Alliance Website
City of Chicago Loop Community Map
Rand McNally 1893 Loop Sketches
Community areas of Chicago
List of prime ministers of Albania

This is a list of prime ministers of Albania. The current Prime Minister is Edi Rama.
Prime ministers of Albania (1912-Present)
Provisional Government of Albania (1912-1914)
Principality of Albania (1914-1925)
Albanian Republic (1925-1928)
Albanian Kingdom (1928-1939)
Italian Occupation (1939-1943)
German Occupation (1943-1944)
People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1944-1991)
Republic of Albania (1991-Present)
References
Albania
Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands

Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands () is a 1976 Brazilian fantasy comedy movie directed by Bruno Barreto and is based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Jorge Amado. It stars Jose Wilker, Sonia Braga and Mauro Mendonca. It was remade as Kiss Me Goodbye in 1982 starring Sally Field, James Caan and Jeff Bridges.
Other websites
1976 comedy movies
1976 fantasy movies
Brazilian movies
Movies directed by Bruno Barreto
Movies based on books
Movies set in the 1940s
Terry Dicks

Terence Patrick Dicks (17 March 1937 - 17 June 2020) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was MP for the constituency of Hayes and Harlington from 1983 to his retirement in 1997. He first ran in Bristol South in 1979, but lost to Labour's Michael Cocks.
Dicks called for the BBC soap opera EastEnders to be cancelled following a storyline involving a gay kiss between two men.
Dicks was born with cerebral palsy and called himself in the House of Commons as a "spastic." From 1999 until he retired in June 2009 Dicks was a member of Surrey County Council representing the town of Addlestone.
Dicks died on 17 June 2020 at the age of 83.
References
1937 births
2020 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
UK MPs 1983-1987
UK MPs 1987-1992
UK MPs 1992-1997
Wallagrass, Maine

Wallagrass is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
IF Elfsborg

IF Elfsborg is an association football club in the town of Boras in Sweden, established on 26 June 1904. IF Elfsborg won the Swedish national championship six times: in 1936, 1939, 1940, 1961., 2006 and 2012.
IF Elfsborg's home ground is the Boras Arena, which has a seating capacity for 16,894 people. IF Elfsborg's supporter group is called "Guliganerna".
History
In the national league system started the season 1924/25 played Elfsborg in western Swedish season in Division 2. Already in the following season, in 1925/26, Elfsborg won the series and went on to qualifying for "Allsvenskan". In the qualifying they had to meet Halmstads BK and after the team won respective game, there was a third deciding game in Gothenburg. The game was won by Elfsborg 4-1 and Nils Hedin made all Elfsborg four goals in the second half. That meant Elfsborg went up to the Allsvenskan for the first time.
The club debuted in Allsvenskan on 2 August 1926 in a game against Orgryte IS. It played in the top league continuously until 1954. During the club's early years from the mid 1930s until 1947, the team had several in the Swedish national team.
References
Other websites
IF Elfsborg
1904 establishments in Sweden
Swedish football clubs
Xinyi Anhe metro station

Xinyi Anhe is a metro station on the Tamsui-Xinyi Line in Taipei, Taiwan. The station code of this station is R04.
Station layout information
The platforms are located underground. Platform 1 is for Tamsui and Platform 2 is for Xiangshan.
Around the station
Taipei Film Commission
Railway stations in Taipei
NPC (meme)

NPC is a meme. NPC is sometimes called NPC Wojak. The NPC meme is normally used to express that people who like the political left do not think for themselves.
The NPC meme looks similar to the Wojak meme.
The NPC meme was made in July 2016 by an unknown person.
The first NPC meme was uploaded to the website 4chan, and the idea behind the meme was explained there.
The NPC meme is famous, and has been shown on many news websites, for example on The New York Times, The Verge, BBC and Breitbart News Network.
References
Internet culture
Lawrence Klein

Lawrence Robert Klein (September 14, 1920 - October 20, 2013) was an American economist of Jewish descent. He became a well-known economist for his work in creating computer models to forecast economic trends in the field of econometrics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1980 for his discovery.
Klein was born on September 14, 1920 in Omaha, Nebraska. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania. and at the University of California, Berkeley.
Klein married Sonia Adelson during the 1950s. They had three daughters and one son. Klein died on October 20, 2013 in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania from natural causes, aged 93.
References
Other websites
Lawrence Klein
Economists for Peace and Security
IDEAS/RePEc
1920 births
2013 deaths
American economists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Omaha, Nebraska
Educators from Omaha, Nebraska
World War II Victory Medal

The World War II Victory Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was created by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public Law 135, 79th Congress).
References
Orders, decorations, and medals of the United States
2014 Quebec general election

The 2014 Quebec general election was held on April 7. Philippe Couillard's Quebec Liberal Party won a majority of seats and Pauline Marois' Parti Quebecois formed the opposition.
References
2014 in Canada
General elections in Canada
2010s elections in Canada
2010s in Quebec
Elections in Quebec
Eastland County, Texas

Eastland County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 17,725 people lived there. The county seat is Eastland.
References
Texas counties
Nature's services

Nature's services is a term for the ways in which nature benefits humans. It means particularly those benefits that can be measured in economic terms. Robert Costanza and other theorists of natural capital analysed nature's services to humanity in the 1990s.
The economic contribution of seventeen of these services they calculated to be about US$33 trillion per year, greater than the activities of the whole human economy, which was about US$25 trillion.
This was based on estimated costs of replacing the services nature provides. For that purpose they were compared with equivalent services that are produced by humans. This calculation makes clear that mankind cannot develop without nature's services.
This study is central for the theory of natural capital.
But this study had no great influence on government policy or on WTO, IMF or G8 economic and trade policy.
Related pages
Ecosystem services
Experience Economy
References
Amory B. Lovins, L. Hunter Lovins and Paul Hawken: A Road Map for Natural Capitalism (Pdf), in: Harvard Business Review May-June 1999, pp. 145-157
Economics
Natural resources
Thong, Kent

Thong is a village in Kent, England. It is south of Gravesend.
Villages in Kent