pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Corralito

In Argentina, the restriction of withdrawing cash from banks to $250 USD per week (at that time 1 USD = 1 ARS) was called a Corralito. The measure was imposed by the government of Fernando de la Rua on December 1, 2001, in the face of a bank run. Subsequently, and due to the popularity that the term acquired, it began to be used in all Spanish-speaking countries to refer to the immobilization of deposits carried out by the government of any country.
The objective pursued with these restrictions was to prevent money from leaving the banking system, thus trying to avoid a wave of banking panic and the collapse of the system. According to Domingo Cavallo, in charge of the Ministry of Economy, when he announced the measure, he clarified that it did not prevent the use of electronic means of payment or bank transfers. The idea was that it be a temporary measure for 90 days while the debt was renegotiated.
Origin of the term
The word corralito, shortened to the word corral, is used in Argentina to call what in other countries is known as a baby park. In 2001 the economic journalist Antonio Laje, in his economic column of the program After Hours by Daniel Hadad, used the term to refer to the government measure. The journalist sought to highlight through an analogy the way in which the Government restricted one of the essential freedoms of the users of any banking system: that of being able to withdraw their funds at any moment.
References
Betül Kaçar

Betul Kacar (born 1983) is a Turkish-American astrobiologist. She is an Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin. She directs a NASA Astrobiology Research Center. She is known for her works about the origins of life.
Kacar was born in Istanbul. She was the first woman in her family to receive formal education.
References
1983 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Turkish scientists
American biologists
Scientists from Wisconsin
Scientists from Arizona
People from Istanbul
Emory University alumni
Academics from Wisconsin
Cuxac-Cabardès

Cuxac-Cabardes is a commune of 911 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Papua New Guinea on 20 March 2020. On 4 May, all known cases recovered.
On 20 March, the first case in Papua New Guinea was confirmed.
On 7 April, Papua New Guinea confirmed its second case of COVID-19.
On 4 May, acting Health Secretary Dr Paison Dakulala reported that all known cases had recovered, but stressed that they didn't know what they are fighting. 2,400 tests had been carried out with the bulk in Port Moresby.
On 5 May, the schools reopened, however some schools required face mask and others sent their students back home again.
On 7 August, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville.
References
21st century in Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Listicle

When talking about journalism, a listicle in an article that is published as a list. The titles of such articles will usually contain a number, and often a superlative: "The 10 most important things...", "The 30 best places..." are examples of such titles. The article will then give this numbered list, and often also an explanation, for each item. Many of these listicles are presented in a count-down order, so that the best item is at the end. This also implies a ranking. Other listicles give no ranking directly, and simply discuss the items, perhaps gropuing them by theme: "20 things to do in ..".The word is a portmanteau derived from list and article. The word is similar to "popsicle". This stresses the fun but "not too nutritious" nature of the listicle.
Listicles also have the benefit that they can be produced more rapidly than in-depth articles or essays, which may require a lot of research.
Media
While conventional reportage and essay-writing often require the careful crafting of narrative flow, the building-block nature of the listicle lends itself to more rapid production. It can also be a means of "recycling" information, as often it is the context, not the content, that is original. For example, one can construct a listicle by adding captions to YouTube clips. For these reasons, the form has come under criticism as a "kind of cheap content-creation".
It's so easy you wonder why everyone doesn't do it until you realize that now it's all they do: Come up with an idea ("Top 10 Worst [X]") on the L train ride to the office that morning, [and] slap together 10 (or 25, or 100) cultural artifacts ripe for the kind of snarky working over that won't actually tax you at all as a writer/thinker.
The blogger and technologist Anil Dash has disparaged the proliferation of listicles, particularly within the blogosphere, characterizing them in 2006 as the "geek equivalents of Cosmo coverlines".
Nevertheless, the form remains a mainstay of the newsstand and of the web. The covers of magazines such as Cosmopolitan and Men's Journal regularly sport at least one, if not several listicles. Some websites, such as BuzzFeed, generate hundreds of listicles daily.
History
Alex Johnson, writing for The Independent, suggested that an 1886 speech by Sir John Lubbock which gave a list of around 100 books "which on the whole are perhaps best worth reading" was an early form of listicle, and that Lubbock should be considered the 'godfather' of the format.
Steven Poole suggested that listicles have literary precursors like Jorge Luis Borges's "The Analytical Language of John Wilkins". He also compares it to more high-art versions like Umberto Eco's The Infinity of Lists, a book composed entirely of lists.
In 2009, posts in the format "25 Random Things About Me" became an Internet meme, starting on Facebook but spreading to the broader web, and attracting considerable media coverage in the process.
References
Other websites
What Is a Listicle?, by Jo Christy
23 Reasons Why We Should Snort at Listicles, by Alfred A. Yuson
Journalism
Lists
Strawberry Shortcake (2003 TV series)

Strawberry Shortcake is an direct-to-video animated television series. It was made by Nelvana. The series is based on the franchise of the same name. It was first broadcast in March 2003. The series has 45 episodes. There is also one short and one movie. Parts of the series havee been broadcast by Nickelodeon, and Nicktoons. The series has also been broadcast in syndication.
Release information
Home Video
Nickelodeon began releasing the series direct-to-video in the United States in March 2003. The first few episodes were released on both TV DVD and VHS. Some of these were also bundled with toys. Later episodes are DVD-only. They are also available on VideoCD in South-East Asia and in some other places. The first four episodes have only one story. They were twice the length of other episodes.
From Season 2 onwards, the DVDs and VHS's are "compilations". In them, Strawberry tells the story of her adventures using her "remembering book". In Season 4, the stories were shown as simple flashbacks.
22 Volumes have been released for the series in total. One of these includes the movie.
Broadcast
Nickelodeon and Noggin (US)
TVO (Canada)
ATV (Turkey)
Disney Channel (UK & Ireland)
EBS (Korea)
Nick Jr (Germany)
Playhouse Disney (Latin America)
Cartoon Network (Russia)
Notes
References
2000s American children's television series
2000s American animated television series
2003 American television series debuts
2008 American television series endings
Vertical bar

A vertical bar is the glyph "|". It has several other names besides vertical bar, such as "pipe", "vertical slash", and "bar". In mathematics, it may be put on both sides of a real or complex number to mean its absolute value. When applied on both sides of a matrix, it means its determinant. When placed in between two numbers, it means the divisibility relation (for example. means "a divides b").
In mathematics, double vertical bars are also used to refer to various mathematical concepts. These include the parallel relation (as in ) and the norm of a vector (as in ).
Related pages
Macron
References
Typography
Yakuza

, known also as , are members of transnational organized crime syndicates in Japan.
Yakuza call themselves ninkyo dantai (chivalrous organizations) which the Japanese media and police call them boryokudan (violence group). They are the world's largest criminal organization and have about 103,000 members. The three biggest Yakuza families are Yamaguchi-gumi, Sumiyoshi-kai, and Inagawa-kai. During the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, they opened their offices to help refugees and sent dozens of trucks with supplies to affected areas.
References
Other websites
The secret lives of Yakuza women-BBC Reel(Video)
101 East - Battling the Yakuza--Al Jazeera (Video)
FBI What We Investigate - Asian Transnational Organized Crime Groups
Yakuza Portal site
Blood ties: Yakuza daughter lifts lid on hidden hell of gangsters' families
Crime Library: Yakuza
Yakuza distribution map
Japanese Mayor Shot Dead; CBS News, 17 April 2007
Yakuza: The Japanese Mafia
Yakuza distribution map
Yakuza: Kind-hearted criminals or monsters in suits?
17th-century establishments in Japan
Gangs
Secret societies
Yvette Chauviré

Yvette Chauvire (22 April 1917 - 19 October 2016) was a French prima ballerina and actress. She was born in Paris. Her dancing career was from 1937 to 1972. She was the etoile of the Paris Opera Ballet, and later its director. She was the holder of the Legion d'Honneur.
She died at her home in Paris on 19 October 2016, aged 99.
References
1917 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Paris
French ballet dancers
Consumer

In economics, a consumer is a person or organization that uses services, goods, or commodities.
Economics and marketing
A consumer is a person that buys a good for consumption. They don't buy goods to sell them again. The consumer is a person who pays money needed to buy goods and services produced. Consumers are important in the economic system of a country. Without consumer demand, producers don't have a reason to produce. A producer's main reason to produce is to sell things to consumers. The consumer is also part of the chain of distribution.
Related pages
Consumer protection
Consumerism
References
Economics
Business
Bootylicious

Bootylicious is a song sung by R&B girl group Destiny's Child. It is on their third album Survivor 2001 and was the second single from the album. It was their fourth U.S. number-one single and reached the top-five in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. The music video was directed by Matthew Rolston.
The word "bootylicious" is a combination of "booty" (buttocks) and "delicious".
2001 songs
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
Destiny's Child songs
Missy Elliott songs
Songs about sexuality
The Creation of Adam

The Creation of Adam is part of a painting by Michelangelo which can be seen on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican City. It is of Adam and God touching hands so that God can give the spark of life to Adam.
Art by Michelangelo
Paintings with Christian themes
16th-century paintings
Brackish water

Brackish water (less commonly brack water) is salt water and fresh water mixed together. It is saltier than fresh water, but not as salty as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers.
Some human activities can produce brackish water, mostly certain civil engineering projects such as dikes and the flooding of coastal marshland to produce brackish pools for freshwater prawns.
Technically, brackish water contains between 0.5 and 30 grams of salt per litre--more often expressed as 0.5 to 30 parts per thousand (ppt or %0). Thus, brackish covers a range of salinity regimes and is not considered a precisely defined condition. It is characteristic of many brackish surface waters that their salinity can vary considerably over space and/or time.
Etymology
The term brackish water comes from the Low German word Brack, which is a small lake made when a storm tide breaks a dike and floods land behind the dike.
Brackish water habitats
Estuaries
The most important brackish water habitats are estuaries, where a river meets the sea, mixing salt and fresh water. The River Thames flowing through London is one of the most familiar of river estuaries.
Mangroves
Another important brackish water habitat is the mangrove swamp or mangal.
Brackish seas and lakes
Some seas and lakes are brackish. The Baltic Sea is a brackish sea adjoining the North Sea.
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest lake and contains brackish water with a salinity about one-third that of normal seawater. The Caspian is famous for its peculiar animal fauna, including one of the few non-marine seals (the Caspian seal) and the great sturgeons, the source of caviar.
Important brackish bodies of water
Brackish seas
Baltic Sea (the world's largest pool of brackish water)
Black Sea
Caspian Sea (world's largest lake)
Brackish water lakes
Lake Charles in Lake Charles, Louisiana, USA
Chilika Lake, Odisha, India
Pangong Tso (Lake) in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Lake Van, Turkey
Coastal lagoons, marshes, and deltas
The Burgas Lakes near the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
Kaliveli Lake, near Pondichery, India
Kerala Backwaters, Series of lagoons and lakes in Kerala
Lagos Lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria
Lake Pontchartrain, north of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Pulicat Lake, north of Chennai, India
The Rann of Kutch, on the border of India and Pakistan
Parts of the Rhone Delta, France: An area known as the Camargue
Estuaries
Amazon River, empties so much freshwater into the Atlantic Ocean that it reduces the salinity of the sea for hundreds of miles
Chesapeake Bay, in Maryland, USA
The Fleet lagoon, Dorset, England
Hampton Roads, Virginia, USA
Lower Hudson River, in New York and New Jersey, USA
Lingding Yang, Guangdong, the People's Republic of China
Port Royal Sound part of Beaufort County, South Carolina, USA
Saint Lawrence and Saguenay Rivers, the part downstream from Quebec and Saguenay respectively
The Thames Estuary in South East England
Related pages
Salinity
Desalination
Water
Paxton, Massachusetts

Paxton is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Constitutional Act 1791

The Contitution Act of 1791 is a law issued by the British Parliament under King George III in response to the demands of the United Empire Loyalists asking for elected representation. It split a British colony called the Province of Quebec into two separate provinces. The province of Upper Canada since renamed Ontario and the province of Lower Canada since renamed Quebec. Each was given elected representatives to let the government know what they wanted but who didn't have any actual power.
References
British Empire
History of Canada
Shojiro Sugimura

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. He is sometimes known as Shojiro Nomura (Ye Cun Zheng Er Lang ).
Biography
Sugimura was born in Osaka on April 4, 1905. He played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates. At the club, he played with many Japan national team players Shigeyoshi Suzuki, Haruo Arima, Misao Tamai, Tamotsu Asakura, Shigeru Takahashi, Nagayasu Honda, Ko Takamoro and Michiyo Taki.
In August 1927, when Sugimura was a Waseda University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Shanghai. At this competition, on August 27, he debuted against Republic of China.
After retirement, Sugimura joined Japan Football Association and served as a director. He also worked Ministry of Education, Science and Culture and taught as professor at Sophia University.
On January 15, 1975, Sugimura died of myocardial infarction in Bunkyo, Tokyo at the age of 69.
Statistics
|-
|1927||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
References
Other websites
1905 births
1975 deaths
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Detlev Dammeier

Detlev Dammeier (born 18 October 1968) is a German football coach and a former player who was the last athletic director of Arminia Bielefeld.
Career
Dammeier was born in Stadthagen. In 1986, he signed his first professional contract with Hannover 96. From 1989 to 1992 he played for the Hamburger SV and moved to VfL Wolfsburg in the 2. Bundesliga. In 1997, Wolfsburg was promoted to the Bundesliga. In 2000, Dammeier moved to Arminia Bielefeld in the 2. Bundesliga. With this club he was promoted both in 2002 and 2004 to the Bundesliga. He finally finished his playing career at the end of the 2005-06 season.
Honours
DFB-Pokal finalist: 1994-95
U-16 World Championship runner-up: 1985
References
1968 births
Living people
German football managers
German footballers
Arminia Bielefeld managers
Association football midfielders
Sound card

A sound card (or audio card) is the part of the computer hardware that controls the input and output of the sound signals. A sound card is what is known as an expansion card. This means that the card can be added to the motherboard.
Nowadays, most of the audio cards are integrated with the motherboard. That means they are built into a mainboard and can not be removed. In other words, it is not an expansion card anymore. They only offer line-in, speaker, and microphone connections. For most users this is enough. When thinking of computer architecture, the integrated circuit sound cards occupy less space and thus became very popular and practical, especially for laptop computers. For more features like MIDI ports for connection of musical instruments and low latency requirements (so that the sound does not come distorted under heavy system usage) sound cards as expansion cards can be used. Modern expansion sound cards use the PCI computer bus standard. Earlier sound cards used the ISA computer bus, which was half-duplex, so the sound cards could not record and play simultaneously.
Input and output signals
What we hear in speakers is an analog (current, voltage or electric charge) output of the signal. For example, stored on a hard disk digital code is transferred under a control of some application (for example Winamp) to the sound card. Up in there, a special chip, called digital-to-analog converter, changes the binary code into the analog sound. Afterwards, signal is sent to a jack (in modern audio cards it has the green color) where the speakers are connected. The result is a nice waveform of our favorite digital medium, e.g. an mp3.
A typical sound input device is a microphone, connected to the red/pink jack socket. The sound wave is digitized and then it may be stored as a file using data compression algorithms which make the file smaller. Of course all of this is done under the control of some software.
Computer hardware
Dunlop Tyres

Dunlop Tyres, or simply Dunlop, is one of the biggest manufacturers of tyres for cars and motorcycles. From 1999 to 2015, it was a joint-venture of Sumitomo Rubber Industries and Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. Since 2015, the two companies have split up the market. John Boyd Dunlop founded the company in 1888, when he got a patent for the first pneumatic rubber tyre.
Other websites
Official website
1985 establishments in the United States
1985 establishments in the United Kingdom
Companies of the United States
Tire manufacturers
Manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Solemont

Solemont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Silver Apples

Silver Apples were an American electronic rock group from New York between 1967 and 1970.
Background
It was made-up of Simeon (born Simeon Oliver Coxe III; June 4, 1938 - September 8, 2020), who performed on a synthesizer, drummer Danny Taylor.
The duo were among the first to use electronic music techniques outside of academia.
Discography
Albums
Silver Apples (1968, Kapp Records), (2017, Rotorelief)
Contact (1969, Kapp), (2017, Rotorelief)
Beacon (1998, Whirlybird)
The Garden (1998, Whirlybird)
Decatur (1998, Whirlybird)
Clinging To A Dream (2016, ChickenCoop Recordings)
Singles
"Oscillations"/"Whirly-Bird" (1968, KAPP Records, 7")
"You & I"/"Confusion" (1969, KAPP Records, 7")
"Fractal Flow"/"Lovefingers" (1996, Enraptured 45's, 7")
"Fractal Flow"/"Lovefingers" (1997, Whirlybird Records, CD)
"A Lake of Teardrops" (1998, Space Age Recordings, CD) (with Spectrum)
"I Don't Know" (2007, Gifted Children Records, 7") (split single with One Cut Kill)
Refeences
Musical groups from New York City
Qianlong Emperor

The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 1711 - 7 February 1799) was the fifth Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1735 to 1796.
Born Hongli, the fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796. In 1796, he abdicated in favour of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor, out of filial piety towards his grandfather, the Kangxi Emperor, who ruled for 61 years, so that he would remain the longest-reigning emperor.
References
1711 births
1799 deaths
Emperors of Qing Dynasty
18th century in China
Lost!

Lost is a series of songs/singles recorded especially by Coldplay. The songs are a part of the full extended version of Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends called Prospect's March Edition.
Songs
Lost! from Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends
Lost? from Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends (Bonus Track)
Lost@ (Live at United Centre in Chicago) from iTunes Digital Download (Lost! EP)
Lost+ (ft. Jay-Z) from Viva la Viva: Prospekt's March Edition/Prospect's March
Lost- (instrumental version of Lost!) from iTunes Digital Download (Lost! EP)
Lost? (acoustic version of Lost!) from a 3 Track Promotional CD
Coldplay
Marshall County, Mississippi

Marshall County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 37,144 people lived there. Its county seat is Holly Springs. The county is named for Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall.
References
Other websites
Official website of Marshall County
McAlexander/Marshall County Collection (MUM00287) owned by the University of Mississippi, Archives and Special Collections.
1836 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Tom Conti

Thomas Antonio "Tom" Conti (born November 22, 1941) is an Scottish writer, movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles in; Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence, Shirley Valentine, Rueben, Rueben, The Tempest, Saving Grace, The Dark Knight Rises, Paddington 2 and Oppenheimer. Conti has won a Tony Award in 1979.
Conti was born on 22 November 1941 in Paisley, Scotland to a Scottish mother and Italian father. He studied at Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. Conti has been married to Kara Drummond Wilson since 1967. They have a daughter, comedienne Nina Conti.
References
Other websites
Official website
1941 births
Living people
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
Writers from Paisley, Renfrewshire
Tony Award winning actors
Actors from Paisley, Renfrewshire
Udayarpalayam taluk

Udayarpalayam taluk is a taluk of Ariyalur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Jayankondam.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Udayarpalayam had a population of 384,800 with 190,974 males and 193,826 females. There were 1015 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 65.6. Child population in the age group below 6 was 20,417 males and 17,971 females.
References
Taluks of Ariyalur district
Viber

Viber is an application for iOS, Windows Phone and Android OS. It lets users make free phone calls and send free text messages to anyone who has the application installed. Viber works on both 3G and Wi-Fi networks. A version for BlackBerry devices is in the works, according to Viber.
As of March 2017, this application is said to have 800 million registered users worldwide. In 2017, the app introduced a new feature "secret chats" wherein, the users are given an option to start conversations that self-destruct after a certain time limit.
Reference
Fans website
Other websites
Official website
software
telecommunications
messaging
Hemphill, Texas

Hemphill is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Sabine County.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Saint-Martin-de-Connée

Saint-Martin-de-Connee is a former commune of 420 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2021, it was merged into the new commune of Vimartin-sur-Orthe.
References
Former communes in Mayenne
Yucca moth

Yucca moths are a family of moths (Lepidopera). There are about 80 species, in two subfamilies. Many of them are specific to one or a few species of agave-like plants. The moths live inside the plants. They are an example of co-evolution: many moths evolved with the specific host plant. The host plants sometimes adapted that they need specific moths for pollination.
Moths
Torcy, Pas-de-Calais

Torcy, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Piverone

Piverone is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Settlements in Piedmont
FanMail

FanMail is the third studio album by American girl group TLC. It was released on February 23, 1999. It was released by LaFace Records. It features a more electronic and hip hop influence to the album, along with the group's signature R&B sound.
Release and reception
On the first day of release, the album sold 318,000 copies in the United States. It debuted at number one on the US Bollboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It also reached the top ten in Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The album was given eight Grammy Awards nominations. It won the Grammy Award for "Album of the Year". According to Nielsen SoundScan, the album sold 4,700,000 copies in the United States. It was certified 6x Platinum (6,000,000 copies shipped) by the RIAA.
Track listing
Notes
References
1999 albums
TLC (group) albums
Electronic music
Hip hop albums
R&B albums
Gamera (character)

Gamera () is a giant turtle monster from the movie series of the same name. may of the Gamera series after 12 movies himself in 1966-2008. Gamera depicted as a prehistoric giant turtle over the height from 60 meters to 80 meters high than the incarnations.
Movie appearances
Gammera The Invincible (1966)
Gamera War of The Monsters (1967)
Gamera Return of The Giant Monsters (1968)
Gamera Destroy All Planets (1969)
Gamera Attack of The Giant Monsters (1969)
Gamera Vs. Monster X (1970)
Gamera Vs. Zigra (1987)
Gamera Super Monster (1981)
Gamera, Guardian of The Universe (1997)
Gamera Attack of Legion (2003)
Gamera Revenge of Iris (2004)
Gamera The Brave (2008)
Japanese movies
Monsters
Godzilla
Turtles
Emory Tate

Emory Andrew Tate II (December 27, 1958 - October 17, 2015) was an American chess player. His son is Emory Andrew Tate III.
Biography
Tate II was born in Chicago to Emory Andrew Tate I, an attorney and soldier of the United States army.
Legacy
The American black grandmaster Maurice Ashley termed Tate "a trailblazer for African-American chess".
Bibliography
1958 births
2015 deaths
American chess players
Community service

Community service is work done by individuals or groups of people, to the benefit of their community. Community service is usually done at little or no pay. It is different from volunteering, as there are situations where it isn't done voluntarily
Some people who have been convicted of a crime may be required to perform community service as part of their conviction.
Some countries require part or all of their citizens to do military service. For those people who refuse to carry arms or to serve in the military, there usually is an option to replace the military service with some form of community service.
Some religious groups require people to do some kind of community service. One example of this is The Salvation Army. Both, who founded the group, was a Methodist. In Methodism, charity, and helping those in need are very important
Community
Hurstbourne Acres, Kentucky

Hurstbourne Acres is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
1303

1303 (MCCCIII) was .
Events
24 February: Battle of Roslin
20 April: Pope Boniface VIII starts the University of Rome La Sapienza
October 22 - Pope Benedict XI replaces Pope Boniface VIII as the 194th pope.
Edward I of England fights for and wins back Scotland (see also: William Wallace, Wars of Scottish Independence)
The Khilji Dynasty under Alauddin Khilji beats Chittorgarh in northern India.
Births
Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (died 1373)
Gegeen Khan, Mongol emperor of China (died 1323)
Deaths
October 11 - Pope Boniface VIII
Daniel of Russia, he was the first prince of Moscow
Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria, emperor of Bulgaria
Beatrix of Castile, wife of King Afonso III of Portugal (born 1242)
Other
Avoirdupois system of weights and measures comes to England and Wales.
An earthquake destroys the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt, one of the seven wonders of the world
Ammakandakara

Ammakandakara is a village in Adoor Municipality in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India.
The Chennampallil Sree Dharma Shasta and Devi temple are situating at the centre of the village.
References
Villages in Pathanamthitta district
David Garcia

David Garcia is an American politician and educator. He was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 2018 Arizona gubernatorial election. He lost to Doug Ducey.
Garcia is an associate professor at Arizona State University's Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College.
References
Other websites
Garcia for Governor , campaign website
Living people
Academics from Arizona
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Embu (footballer)

Sergio Henrique Savoia Bernardes (born May 18, 1973) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||10||0||0||0||10||0
10||0||0||0||10||0
10||0||0||0||10||0
|}
Other websites
1973 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Grigny, Pas-de-Calais

Grigny, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Re-boot (Golden Child album)

Re-boot is the first studio album by South Korean band, Golden Child. The album was released on 18 November 2019 by recording label, Woollim Entertainment. Consists of 12 songs, the track "WANNABE" was chosen as the title track for the album.
Track listings
Release history
References
Other websites
Music sites:
Citipati

Citipati (pronounced in Hindi, meaning 'funeral pyre lord') is a genus of oviraptorid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Mongolia.
The type species, Citipati osmolskae, was described in 2001. A second, as yet unnamed species may also exist. Citipati is often confused with the similar Oviraptor
Feathered dinosaurs
Wong Tai Sin Temple (Guangzhou)

Wong Tai Sin Temple () is a Taoist temple in Huadi County, Fangcun District, Guangzhou. It is dedicated to the Chinese deity Wong Tai Sin. It is a major tourist attraction. This temple is very famous in the Pearl River Delta.
References
Guangzhou
Buildings and structures in China
Temples in Asia
Taoism
Buildings and structures completed in the 19th century
Bergues-sur-Sambre

Bergues-sur-Sambre is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Minden, Iowa

Minden is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Amendeuix-Oneix

Amendeuix-Oneix is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Amendeuix-Oneix
Horseland (TV series)

Horseland is a Canadian-American animated television series. It was made by DIC Entertainment and Cookie Jar Group. The program is a comic mischief program that shows the events in the lives of a group of children riding at Horseland, Horseland is an equestrian school and stables. The adventures include riding the horses and entering in competitions to test their skill. The series had two different stories in each episode. It was cancelled after three season. A total of thirty-nine episodes were made. The series was first broadcast on September 16, 2006 on Discovery Channel's Discovery Kids block in the United States.
Discovery Channel
2000s American animated television series
Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment
2006 American television series debuts
2008 American television series endings
Bill Lienhard

William Barner Lienhard (January 14, 1930 - February 8, 2022) was an American basketball player. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, winning a gold medal. Lienhard was born in Slaton, Texas.
Lienhard died on February 8, 2022, at the age of 92.
References
1930 births
2022 deaths
American Olympic gold medalists
American basketball players
Sportspeople from Texas
People from Lubbock, Texas
Joe Principe

Joe Principe (born November 14, 1974) is the bass guitarist, co-composer and co-founder of the punk rock band Rise Against. He is known for his complex bass patterns in their songs. He is also a strict vegetarian, an animal rights advocate and actively promotes PETA with his band.
Biography
Joe started his musical career at age 15, learning to play by ear and influenced during his formative years by Bad Religion, Minor Threat, Bad Brains, the Descendents and other similar bands. Starting out in Chicago punk band 88 Fingers Louie. After 6 years of touring and releasing records with the band, Joe made Rise Against with singer/guitarist Tim McIlrath, former 88 Fingers Louie guitarist Mr. Precision, and drummer Brandon Barnes. In 2002, Mr. Precison left and was replaced by Todd Mohney, who was replaced by Chris Chasse in 2004, who was later replaced by guitarist Zach Blair in 2007. Rise Against released their first two records (The Unraveling, and Revolutions Per Minute) on Fat Wreck Chords, and their next two (Siren Song of the Counter Culture, and The Sufferer & the Witness) on Geffen.
References
Living people
1974 births
Rise Against
Bassists
Musicians from Chicago
Arif Dirlik

Arif Dirlik (1940 - December 1, 2017) was a Turkish-American historian. He has published many works on historiography and political ideology in modern China, as well as issues in modernity, globalization, and post-colonial criticism. Dirlik received a BSc in Electrical Engineering at Robert College, Istanbul in 1964 and a PhD in History at the University of Rochester in 1973.
Dirlik died in Eugene, Oregon on December 1, 2017 at the age of 77.
References
Other websites
http://www.pwias.ubc.ca/information/ar-05-06.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20051113023514/http://www.anthropology.emory.edu/FACULTY/ANTBK/PDFs/AAA_02_Dirlik.PDF
https://web.archive.org/web/20040507055510/http://sociology.snu.ac.kr/isdpr/publication/journal/28-2/1Arif.pdf
Dimensions of Chinese Anarchism: An Interview with Arif Dirlik
1940 births
2017 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American historians
Turkish writers
Academics from North Carolina
Academics from New York City
Keshav Sthapit

Keshav Sthapit (b. 1956) is a Nepali politician. He is a former mayor of the Kathmandu metropolitan area. He was a former member of the provincial Assembly and a minister in Bagmati Pradesh. In 1997, Keshav Sthapit won the election for mayor of Kathmandu. He was chosen by the King to serve as Mayor of Kathmandu after the royal takeover in 2005. He joined the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) once democracy was restored and was appointed as a Commissioner of the Kathmandu Valley Development Authority, but he was fired from his position after just nine months.
References
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) politicians
Mayors of Kathmandu
Living people
1956 births
Actress (1943 movie)

Actress () is a 1943 Soviet comedy movie directed by Leonid Trauberg. It stars Galina Sergeyeva, Boris Babochkin, and Zinaida Morskaya.
Actors
Galina Sergeyeva as Zoya Vladimirovna Strelnikova
Boris Babochkin as Pyotr Nikolaevich Markov (as B. Babochkin)
Zinaida Morskaya as Agafya Lukinichna (as M. Morskaya)
Vladimir Gribkov as Anatoliy Sergeevich Obolenskiy (as V. Gribkov)
Mikhail Zharov as Reciter in hospital (as M. Zharov)
References
Other websites
1943 comedy movies
Soviet comedy movies
Movies directed by Leonid Trauberg
Transcription factor

Transcription factors help to regulate genes. Each transcription factor binds to a specific DNA sequence. That is how they control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.
A transcription factor is sometimes called a 'sequence-specific DNA-binding factor'. Alone or with other proteins, they promote or block RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase is the enzyme that copies genetic information from DNA to RNA for specific genes.
Transcription factors have one or more DNA-binding domains (DBDs). These attach to sequences of DNA next to the genes they regulate. Other proteins (such as coactivators, chromatin remodellers, histone acetylases or deacetylases, kinases, and methylases) also play crucial roles in gene regulation. Because they lack DNA-binding domains, they are not called transcription factors.
Glossary:
gene expression - how information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product such as a protein
transcription - the process of making messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase
transcription factor - a protein that binds to DNA and regulates gene expression by promoting or suppressing transcription
'transcriptional regulation' - controlling the rate of gene transcription for example by helping or hindering RNA polymerase binding to DNA
'upregulation', activation or promotion - increase the rate of gene transcription
'downregulation', repression or suppression - decrease the rate of gene transcription
'coactivator' - a protein that works with transcription factors to increase the rate of gene transcription
'corepressor' - a protein that works with transcription factors to decrease the rate of gene transcription
'response element' - a sequence of DNA to which a transcription factor binds
References
RNA
DNA
Molecular biology
Proteins
Renswoude

Renswoude is a municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht. In 2019, 5,259 people lived there.
Settlements in Utrecht (province)
Municipalities of Utrecht (province)
Brian Aherne

William Brian de Lacy Aherne (2 May 190210 February 1986) was an English actor.
His first Broadway appearance in The Barretts of Wimpole Street in 1931 teamed him with Katherine Cornell.
He starred with Madeleine Carroll, Bette Davis, Marlene Dietrich, Rita Hayworth and Carole Lombard in many movies. He was an Oscar-nominated for his role as Emperor Maxmilian in Juarez (1939).
On TV he appeared in Wagon Train and Rawhide.
Other websites
Brian Aherne at the British Film Institute
Brian Aherne as Julian Gordon in Shooting Stars (video clip, appearance at 2:55m) at British-Pathe
1902 births
1986 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Actors from Birmingham
Kris Versteeg

Kristopher Royce Versteeg (born May 13, 1986) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Toronto Maple Leafs, Philadelphia Flyers, Calgary Flames, Los Angeles Kings and Florida Panthers.
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Versteeg played 5 seasons in the Western Hockey League (WHL). 3 seasons with the Lethbridge Hurricanes, 1 seasons with the Kamloops Blazers and 1 season with the Red Deer Rebels.
He was drafted with the 134th overall pick by the Boston Bruins in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He played 2 seasons with their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, Providence Bruins and was traded along with a conditional draft pick to the Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for Brandon Bochenski.
He played 3 seasons with the Blackhawks and won the Stanley Cup with them during the 2009-10 NHL season. His name was originally misspelled "Kris Vertseeg" when it was engraved on the Stanley Cup but it was quickly corrected afterwards. Versteeg was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs along with the rights to prospect Bill Sweatt for Viktor Stalberg, Chris DiDomenico, and Philippe Paradis because of salary cap restraints.
He played 1 season with the Maple Leafs and was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers for first-round and third-round draft picks. He only played 20 games for the Flyers and was again traded, this time to the Florida Panthers for a second-round and a third-round pick.
Versteeg would play 1 season and 28 games with the Panthers before being traded back to the Chicago Blackhawks on November 14, 2013 in exchange for Jimmy Hayes and Dylan Olsen. On June 15, 2015, he won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning in six games.
On September 11, 2015, Versteeg was traded along with Joakim Nordstrom to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for a 3rd round draft pick in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft. Versteeg and Nordstrom were traded because the Blackhawks had to make cap space for Marcus Kruger.
Awards
2x Stanley Cup champion with the Chicago Blackhawks (2010, 2015)
References
Other websites
1986 births
American Hockey League players
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Carolina Hurricanes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Florida Panthers players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Kamloops Blazers players
Lethbridge Hurricanes players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
People from Lethbridge
Philadelphia Flyers players
Red Deer Rebels players
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Swedish Hockey League players
Jonathan Edwards (theologian)

Jonathan Edwards (October 5, 1703 - March 22, 1758) was a colonial American preacher, theologian, and missionary to Native Americans. He was one of the most important people in the Great Awakening, a religious movement in the United States. He preached a sermon called "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God".
1703 births
1758 deaths
American Calvinists
American theologians
Christian religious leaders
Missionaries
People from Massachusetts
St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig

The St. Nicholas Church () is a church in Leipzig. It was built in 1165. The church became a Gothic church in the 16th century. Baroque towers were added in the 18th century. Johann Sebastian Bach was the music director of the church from 1723 to 1750. People held peaceful demonstrations against the communist government of East Germany on the church from 1989 to 1991.
Protestant churches in Germany
Buildings and structures in Leipzig
12th-century buildings and structures
The Grand Inquisitor

"The Grand Inquisitor" is a parable told by Ivan to Alyosha in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel The Brothers Karamazov (1879-1880). Ivan and Alyosha are brothers; Ivan questions the possibility of a kind, caring God. If there is a kind God, Ivan argues, why do people suffer, especially children?
"The Grand Inquisitor" is an important part of the novel and one of the most famous parts of it because of its ideas about humans and Gods, and because of its mysteriousness.
Dostoevsky's notebooks show that he had the idea of "The Grand Inquisitor" after he saw it in a play by Friedrich Schiller, Don Carlos (1785-1787).
Other websites
Link to text of scene
Books by Fyodor Dostoevsky
Parables
Capcom

is a Japanese video game company. They are most known for the Mega Man series, Resident Evil series, Steel battalion and Street fighther.
They were founded on May 30, 1979.
References
1979 establishments in Asia
1970s establishments in Japan
Commoners

The terms commoners, common people or the masses refers to ordinary people who are members of neither the nobility nor the priesthood. In a system of social classes, they are those without title or rank. Since the 20th century, the term common people has been used in its place. It refers to typical members of society in contrast to those who are highly privileged (in either wealth or influence).
History
In Europe, a concept of common people started in the classical antiquity of ancient Rome around the 6th century BC. The Roman social division was into patricians (nobles) and plebeians (commoners). The division may have been instituted by King Servius Tullius as an alternative to the previous three noble tribes or clans, whose divisions had caused conflict.
The ancient Greeks generally had no concept of class and their leading social divisions were simply non-Greeks, free-Greeks and slaves. With the growth of Christianity in the 4th century AD, a new world view arose in European thinking about social division, which continued until at least early modern times.
Saint Augustine stated that social division was a result of the Fall of Man. The three leading divisions were considered to be the priesthood (clergy), the nobility, and the common people. That would sometimes be expressed as "those who prayed", "those who fought" and "those who worked". The Latin terms for the three classes (oratores, bellatores and laboratores) are often found even in modern textbooks, and have been used in sources since the 9th century.
References
Hierarchy
Spaghetti (disambiguation)

Spaghetti is a long thin form of pasta.
Spaghetti or spaghetto may also refer to:
Spaghetti
Spaghetti (movie), a 1916 movie starring Oliver Hardy
Spaghetti squash, a fruit
Spaghetti code, in software
Spaghetti plot, a method of showing possible flows through systems
Spaghetti Western, a genre of films produced by Italian production companies in the 1960s
Spaghetti Records, a record label
Spaghetti sort, a sorting algorithm.
Spaghetto
Diana Manfredi aka "Spaghetto"
People
Tony "Spaghetti" Eustace, Australian fugitive was found murdered in 1985
Related pages
Spaghetti tree, a 1957 BBC April Fools' Day hoax
Flying Spaghetti Monster, a religion (or pseudoreligion)
Spaghetti Junction, one of several highway junctions, nicknamed due to their complexity
"The Spaghetti Incident?", a cover album by Guns N' Roses
The Spaghetti Family, an animated television series
Angry Birds Go!

Angry Birds Go! is a racing game developed by Rovio Entertainment. It is the first 3D video game by the company. It is also the first racing game in the Angry Birds series.
Racing video games
2013 video games
IOS games
Camden, Maine

Camden is a town in Knox County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Göttingen

Gottingen is a city in Germany.
It is in the state of Lower Saxony.
Gottingen is known worldwide for its university.
Location
Gottingen is on the Leine river.
The city is in the valley of the Leine river.
There are mountains to the west and east of Gottingen.
Gottingen is near a center of Germany.
There are many methods to calculate the center of a country.
Gottingen is about west-south-west of the center of Germany.
This center's location is calculated by the 3D-model of Germany.
People
There live about 130,000 people in Gottingen.
There are about 30,000 university students.
The university and its hospital are a big employer.
Because of this, almost one third of people in Gottingen are there because of the university.
In Germany people must be allowed to stay.
In 2020, 29.2% of the people allowed to live in Gottingen had a migration background.
Buildings
Sights
The most known sight is a water spring.
The spring has a bronze statue.
The statue is a girl.
She carries three geese.
The sight is called .
It is located on a square.
The square is in front of the old city hall.
Places of worship
There are many places of worship.
There are many churches.
There are also synagogues.
Traffic
Gottingen is next to the autobahn number 7.
Gottingen has a train station.
Many high-speed trains stop at the train station.
Today, there is no airport.
During Nazi Germany there was an airport.
The airport was for small planes.
Many people use a bicycle.
There are many bicycle paths.
On some streets bicycles have priority.
Pictures
Sources
Read also
Hanseatic League