pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
William Oughtred

William Oughtred 5 March 1574 - 30 June 1660) was an English mathematician and Anglican clergyman.
John Napier invented logarithms and Edmund Gunter created the logarithmic scales. Oughtred was the first to use two such scales. He slid one next to another to do direct multiplication and division. He is credited with inventing the slide rule in about 1622.
He also introduced the "x" multiplication sign and the abbreviations "sin" and "cos" for the sine and cosine functions.
References
1574 births
1660 deaths
British mathematicians
Lynn Wittstock

Lynn Wittstock is an American water polo player. She was a member of the United States women's national water polo team at the 1998 World Aquatics Championships. She was inducted in the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.
She played for University of California, Berkeley's women's water polo team.
References
Other websites
Truth Be Told With Lynn Wittstock: Cheaters, Regrets, and A Scavenger Hunt, USA Water Polo, July 3, 2014
8 Jan 1998- Lynn Wittstock of the USA takes a break during USA's 10-4 water polo loss to Russia getty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American water polo players
Observation deck

An observation deck is a place up high where people can see things. They are usually on buildings or mountains.
Architectural elements
Michel Wachenheim

Michel Wachenheim, (born 16 January 1951 at Saint-Maur-des-Fosses) is a French ambassador and permanent representative of France at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
Graduate from Ecole Polytechnique (promotion 1972) and Ecole nationale de l'aviation civile (promotion 1975), Michel Wachenheim starts his career in 1977 at the air traffic department. In 2007, he becomes Chief of Staff of the Ministry of Transport Dominique Bussereau. The 1st of September 2009, he becomes French ambassador and permanent representative of France at the International Civil Aviation Organization.
Michel Wachenheim is married, has three children and is Officier de la Legion d'honneur. The 2009-2010 promotion of the institut de formation universitaire et de recherche du transport aerien (research and training air transport institute) bears his name.
References
Further reading
Academie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les francais du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. (), p. 527, Wachenheim, Michel
Who's Who in France, 2012, 2307 p. (), notice " Wachenheim, Michel ".
Living people
Alumni of the Ecole nationale de l'aviation civile
1951 births
Ambassadors of France
French aviators
Alumni of the Ecole Polytechnique
Schwenheim

Schwenheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France. Before 19 July 1953, it was called Schweinheim.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Desenzano del Garda

Desenzano del Garda is a comune in the Province of Brescia in the Lombardy region in Italy. It is on the Lake Garda.
Settlements in Lombardy
V(D)J recombination

V(D)J is the basis of the vertebrate immune system. It makes antibodies.
All vertebrates have an adaptive immune system. This protects them against many infections and diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. V(D)J is the basic mechanism. The work is done by developing lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). They make the immune system adaptive. What this means is that the body is able to defend against many infections it has never met before, and the defence gets better against repeat attacks from the same agent.
The details are very complex. The system makes sequences of amino acids which bind on to the corresponding sequences of infective agents. The system also recognises "altered self cells" as seen in cancer.
Of course all systems have limits, so when the system fails to recognise a pathogen or cancer, we suffer the consequences.
In 1987 Susumu Tonegawa was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity".
The V(D)J refers to the way variable, joining and sometimes diversity regions are produced in the white blood cells. The cells are made in the bone marrow and thymus of vertebrates.
References
Immunology
Blood cells
Karel Schwarzenberg

Prince Karel Schwarzenberg (, born 10 December 1937) is a Czech politician. He was the leader of the TOP 09 party. He was the party's candidate for President of the Czech Republic in the 2013 election. He is a Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP).
References
1937 births
Living people
Politicians from Prague
Canadian, Oklahoma

Canadian is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Aurelio Vidmar

Aurelio Vidmar (born 3 February 1967) is a former Australian football player. He has played for Australia national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1985||rowspan="7"|Adelaide City||rowspan="7"|National Soccer League||10||2||||||||||10||2
|-
|1986||26||2||||||||||26||2
|-
|1987||23||2||||||||||23||2
|-
|1988||22||5||||||||||22||5
|-
|1989||25||5||||||||||25||5
|-
|1989/90||23||9||||||||||23||9
|-
|1990/91||28||4||||||||||28||4
|-
|1991/92||Kortrijk||First Division||30||10||||||||||30||10
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Waregem||rowspan="2"|First Division||32||18||||||||||32||18
|-
|1993/94||25||7||||||||||25||7
|-
|1994/95||Standard Liege||First Division||32||22||||||||||32||22
|-
|1995/96||Feyenoord Rotterdam||Eredivisie||15||2||||||||||15||2
|-
|1995/96||Sion||Nationalliga A||14||7||||||||||14||7
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Tenerife||rowspan="2"|La Liga||25||1||||||||||25||1
|-
|1997/98||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||15||4||3||1||0||0||18||5
|-
|1999||9||2||0||0||2||1||11||3
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Adelaide City||rowspan="4"|National Soccer League||34||8||||||||||34||8
|-
|2000/01||21||4||||||||||21||4
|-
|2001/02||23||3||||||||||23||3
|-
|2002/03||32||6||||||||||32||6
|-
|2003/04||Adelaide United||National Soccer League||27||2||||||||||27||2
294||52||||||||||294||52
119||57||||||||||119||57
15||2||||||||||15||2
14||7||||||||||14||7
25||1||||||||||25||1
24||6||3||1||2||1||29||8
491||125||3||1||2||1||496||127
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1991||6||1
|-
|1992||2||0
|-
|1993||5||2
|-
|1994||4||2
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||16||8
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||5||0
|-
|2001||4||4
|-
!Total||44||17
|}
References
1967 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Australian football managers
Sportspeople from Adelaide
Rede Globo

Rede Globo (Globe Network), or simply Globo, is a Brazilian television network, launched by media mogul Roberto Marinho on April 26, 1965. It is owned by media conglomerate Organizacoes Globo, being by far the largest of its holdings. Globo is the second-largest public TV commercial network in the world (behind the American Broadcasting Company) and one of the largest producer of soap operas (telenovelas) in Brazil. Television hostess Fatima Bernardes work in this channel.
Other websites
Official page
Brazilian television networks
English Interregnum

The English Interregnum was the period of parliamentary and military rule in the land occupied by modern-day England and Wales after the English Civil War. It began with the execution of Charles I in 1649 and ended when Charles II became king, after Oliver Cromwell died in 1660.
This era in English history can be divided into four periods.
The first period of the Commonwealth of England from 1649 until 1653
The Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell from 1653 to 1658
The Protectorate under Richard Cromwell from 1658 to 1659
The second period of the Commonwealth of England from 1659 until 1660
Life during the Interregnum
Oliver Cromwell was a Puritan and during the Interregnum, he imposed a very strict form of Christianity upon the country. Although a main cause of the English Civil War was oppression under Charles I, England during the Interregnum became oppressive in its own fashion. Cromwell granted religious freedom otherwise previously unknown in England, but other forms of expression were suddenly limited (for instance, theatre, which had thrived under the Stuart kings and Elizabeth I, was banned). Cromwell also made certain that his own personal vision of Christianity was enforced upon the masses. Many of Cromwell's actions were called "harsh, unwise, and tyrannical" by some commentators.
His son and successor, Richard Cromwell gave up his position as Lord Protector with little hesitation, resigning or "abdicating" after a demand by the Rump Parliament. This was the beginning of a short period of restoration of the Commonwealth of England.
Related pages
Richard Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell
Commonwealth of England
The Protectorate
17th century in England
Kerlon

Kerlon (born 27 January 1988) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Ajax.
Club career statistics
|-
|2005||rowspan="4"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="4"|Serie A||5||0
|-
|2006||12||0
|-
|2007||10||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2008/09||ChievoVerona||Serie A||4||0
|-
|2009/10||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||0||0
|-
|2009/10||Ajax||Eredivisie||||
27||0
4||0
0||0
31||0
|}
References
1988 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Jordan, Montana

Jordan is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Garfield County. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 343 people.
A post office was opened in Jordan on July 11, 1899. Jordan was incorporated as a town in 1951.
References
Cities in Montana
County seats in Montana
20th-century establishments in Montana
1951 establishments in the United States
Brazil (1985 movie)

Brazil is a 1985 science fiction movie directed by Terry Gilliam and written by Gilliam, Charles McKeown, and Tom Stoppard. The movie stars Jonathan Pryce and features Robert De Niro, Kim Greist, Michael Palin, Katherine Helmond, Bob Hoskins, Oscar Quitak and Ian Holm.
It is about a man (Jonathan Pryce) in an imagined society where there is a lot of suffering and injustice.
References
Other websites
Wide Angle Closeup: The Terry Gilliam Files - Interviews and production stories on Brazil
Brazil Screenplay, Terry Gilliam, Tom Stoppard & Charles McKeown, Daily Script website
DGA magazine interview with Gilliam
Hamel, James Keith. Modernity and Mise-en-scene: Terry Gilliam and Brazil, from Images: Journal of Film and Popular Culture
Brazil: A Great Place to Visit, Wouldn't Want to Live There an essay by David Sterritt at the Criterion Collection
1985 comedy movies
1985 science fiction movies
British comedy movies
British science fiction movies
American comedy movies
American science fiction movies
Dystopian movies
Movies about totalitarianism
Movies about dreams
Movies directed by Terry Gilliam
Movies composed by Michael Kamen
Victoria, Seychelles

Victoria (sometimes called Port Victoria) is the capital city of the Republic of Seychelles. It is on the north-eastern side of Mahe island, which the main island of the archipelago. The city was first created as the capital of the British colonial government. Victoria has a population of 24,970 people (2002). About one third of the population of the Seychelles lives in the city. Victoria is served by the Seychelles International Airport
The main exports of Victoria are vanilla, coconuts, coconut oil, corn, tortoise shell, soap, and guano. The harbour is a short distance east of the town. Tuna fishing and canning are a major local industry.
Things to see
Things to see in the city include a clocktower built similar to Little Ben in London, England. It is a small version of Big Ben. Other things include the Courthouse, the Victoria Botanical Gardens, the Victoria National Museum of History, the Victoria Natural History Museum and the Sir Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke Market.
Seychelles
National capitals in Africa
Sankt Veit an der Glan

Sankt Veit an der Glan () is a town in the Austrian state of Carinthia. It is the capital of the Sankt Veit an der Glan District. It was the historic Carinthian capital until 1518.
References
Other websites
Official website
Settlements in Carinthia (state)
Wopke Eekhoff

Wopke Eekhoff (March 2, 1809 - February 12, 1809) was a Dutch author. He was the Frisian author of, and head of, the archives of the Great Library of Leeuwarden.
1809 births
1880 deaths
People from Leeuwarden
Writers from Friesland
Michel Aflaq

Michel Aflaq (, , 9 January 1910 - 23 June 1989) was a Syrian philosopher, sociologist and Arab nationalist. He is considered to be the principal founder of Ba'athism.
1910 births
1989 deaths
Eastern Orthodox Christians
Nationalists
People from Damascus
Philosophers
Sociologists
Syrian Christians
Syrian politicians
Leslie Marr

Sir Leslie Lynn Marr, 2nd Baronet (14 August 1922 - 4 May 2021) was a British landscape artist, painter and former racing driver.
Marr participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix. He made his first appearance on 17 July 1954 at the . He retired from his last world championship race in 1955, after a damaged brake pipe caused him to spin off.
Marr competed in several non-Championship races, with his best results including winning the 1955 Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race and finishing fourth in the 1956 New Zealand Grand Prix.
Marr died in Gimingham, Norfolk on 4 May 2021 at the age of 98.
References
1922 births
2021 deaths
British racecar drivers
British painters
Sportspeople from County Durham
Tree fern

Tree ferns are a large group of ferns with tree-like form. They are part of a subclass of ferns which is monophyletic by DNA sequence analysis.
The tree-ferns and some other ferns with creeping rhizome stems make up the Cyatheales group of ferns (as a sub-class or order). The tree-like habit has evolved a number of times in this group. They can grow up to 20 metres tall, with their large fronds at the top. Many are much shorter, however.
The coal forests of the Lower Jurassic were mainly formed by tree ferns and cycads. Tree ferns were probably food for Ankylosaurs in the Upper Jurassic, as were cycads.
Tree ferns are found growing in tropical and subtropical areas as well as temperate rainforests in Australia, New Zealand, and other island groups nearby. A few genera extend further, such as Culcita in southern Europe. Like all ferns, tree ferns reproduce by means of spores developed in sporangia on the undersides of the fronds. The fronds of tree ferns are usually very large, and multiple-divided fronds. The young fronds of ferns emerge in coils that uncurl as they grow.
Unlike flowering plants, tree ferns do not form new woody tissue in their trunk as they grow. Rather, the trunk is supported by a fibrous mass of roots that expands as the tree fern grows.
It is not certain how many species of tree fern there are but it is likely to be around a thousand. New species are discovered in New Guinea with each botanical survey. Many species must have become extinct in the last century as forest habitats were cut down.
References
Pteridophyta
Sleeping car

The sleeping car or sleeper is a part of a train with beds built in, mostly for making nighttime travel more restful.
Other websites
A. Philip Randolph / Sleeping Car Porters
The Abraham Lincoln 1910 Heavyweight Pullman Business Car -- photographs and short history.
Trains
List of rivers of Chad

This is a list of rivers which are at least partially in Chad.
Bahr Salamat - tributary of the Chari
Chari (or Shari)- flows from the Central African Republic and into Lake Chad
Logone - main tributary of the Chari
Mayo Kebbi River - flows into the Benoue
Ouham - from the Central African Republic, a tributary of the Chari
Batha River - flows into Lake Fitri
Bragoto River - runs in southern Chad.
Chita Ka River- runs through the north western tip
Chad
Chad
Geography of Chad
Constitutional Tribunal (Poland)

The Constitutional Tribunal () is the constitutional court of the Republic of Poland. It is a judicial body create to solve issues on the constitution of the country. It was created on 26 March 1982 and judges took office on 1 January 1986.
References
20th-century establishments in Poland
1982 establishments in Europe
Government of Poland
Organizations based in Poland
Vice President of Kazakhstan

Vice President of Kazakhstan was a position held in Kazakhstan in 1991 to 1996.
List
The following is a list of vice presidents of Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstani politicians
Kazakhstan
Carmel Sepuloni

Carmel Jean Sepuloni (born 1977) is a New Zealand politician who is the Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand since 2023. She is a member of parliament for the Labour Party. She was first elected to Parliament in 2008. She is New Zealand's first MP of Tongan descent.
On 22 January 2023, incoming Prime Minister Chris Hipkins announced that Sepuloni would be his pick for Deputy Prime Minister.
References
1977 births
Living people
Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand
New Plymouth (New Zealand electorate)

New Plymouth is an electorate of the New Zealand House of Representatives.
Election results
References
New Zealand electorates
ITV3

ITV3 is a free television channel in the United Kingdom. It is owned by ITV Digital Channels, a part of ITV plc. The channel started on 1 November 2004. It is the most popular TV channel in the UK, other than the main five channels. The channel plays British dramas such as Agatha Christie's Poirot, Classic Coronation Street, Classic Emmerdale, Heartbeat, Wycliffe, A Family at War, Where the Heart Is and Inspector Morse. Most of these were first broadcast on ITV.
References
British television channels
2004 establishments in the United Kingdom
Alexander Tschäppät

Alexander Tschappat (16 April 1952 - 4 May 2018) was a Swiss politician. Tschappat was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. He was a member of the National Council of Switzerland from 1991 to 2003 and again 2011 to 2018. He was mayor (Stadtprasident) of Bern 2005 until 2016.
Tschappat died of cancer on 4 May 2018 at the age of 66.
References
1952 births
2018 deaths
Swiss mayors
People from Bern
Centre for Conflict and Peace Studies

The Centre for Conflict and Peace Studies (abbreviated CAPS) is an independent research organization, which started in July 2006. Its office is in Kabul, Afghanistan. This office is a research centre, which means that it is an important place where people can do independent research.
Most of CAPS' research is about governance, security, and developmental challenges (difficulties) in Afghanistan.
Most research centres in Afghanistan have foreign - non-Afghan - workers, but the people who work at CAPS are from Afghanistan. CAPS is a place where people can discuss ways to change Afghanistan. The workers from CAPS tell other Afghan people about their research. They also discuss their research with people from other countries. When people from other countries come to Afghanistan to work, they can learn how to live in Afghanistan from CAPS.
Other websites
Official website
Research organizations in Asia
2006 establishments in Asia
Politics of Afghanistan
Kabul
Organizations based in Afghanistan
Don Murray

Donald Patrick "Don" Murray (born July 31, 1929) is an American actor. He was known for his role as Beauregard Decker in the 1956 movie Bus Stop.
References
Other websites
1929 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Hollywood
Communes of the Cher department

The following is a list of the 290 communes of the Cher departement in France.
(CAB) Communaute d'agglomeration de Bourges, created in 2003.
Cher
Chastellux-sur-Cure

Chastellux-sur-Cure is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Takeshi Natori

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
In May 1934, when Natori was a Waseda University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 20, he debuted and scored a goal against Republic of China.
Statistics
|-
|1934||1||1
|-
!Total||1||1
|}
References
Other websites
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
Time switch

A time switch is an electric switch that switches after the time period that the user has set. It can be mechanical or electrical.
Electronic switches
JCPenney

J. C. Penney Company, Inc (most commonly known today by the name JCPenney or simply Penneys) is a mid-range chain of American department stores based in Plano, Texas, a suburb north of Dallas. The company operates 1,067 stores in 49 of the 50 U.S. states (except Hawaii) and Puerto Rico, and the largest general merchandise catalog business in the United States. In addition to sale of conventional merchandise, JCPenney stores are often home to several leased departments such as Optical, Portrait Studios, Jewelry & Watch repair, etc.
References
American department stores
Companies based in Texas
Plano, Texas
1902 establishments in the United States
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is a landlocked country in the middle of Eurasia. Its official name is the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is the ninth biggest country in the world, and it is also the biggest landlocked country in the world. Before the end of the Soviet Union, it was called "Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic". The president of the country from 1991 through March 2019 was Nursultan Nazarbayev. Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan. Almaty was the capital until 1998, when it moved to Astana.
The Kazakh language, which is a Turkic language, is the native language, but Russian has equal official status for all administrative and institutional purposes. Islam is the largest religion- about 70% of the population are Muslims, with Christianity practiced by 26%; Russia leases (rents) the land for the Baikonur Cosmodrome (site of Russian spacecraft launches) from Kazakhstan.
Geography
Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country mostly in Asia with a small western part across the Ural River in Europe. It has borders with the Russian Federation in the north and west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the southwest, and China in the far east. The northern border is mostly with Siberia, Russia, so Russia has the longest border with Kazakhstan. Basically, Kazakhstan runs from the Caspian Sea in the west to the mainly Muslim Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang.
Kazakhstan has no ocean shoreline, but borders the Caspian Sea, which boats use to get to neighboring countries. The Caspian Sea is an Endorheic basin without connections to any ocean.
Natural resources
Kazakhstan has plenty of petroleum, natural gas, and mining. It attracted over $40 billion in foreign investment since 1993 and accounts for some 57% of the nation's industrial output. According to some estimates, Kazakhstan has the second largest uranium, chromium, lead, and zinc reserves, the third largest manganese reserves, the fifth largest copper reserves, and ranks in the top ten for coal, iron, and gold. It is also an exporter of diamonds. Kazakhstan has the 11th largest proven reserves of both petroleum and natural gas.
Regions
Kazakhstan is divided into 14 regions. They are divided into districts.
Almaty and Astana cities have the status of State importance and are not in any region. Baikonur city has a special status because it is leased to Russia for Baikonur cosmodrome until 2050.
Each province is headed by an Akim (provincial governor) appointed by the president. Municipal Akims are appointed by province Akims. The Government of Kazakhstan moved its capital from Almaty to Astana on December 10, 1997.
Population
The population of Kazakhstan is 17,165,000. It takes the 62th place in the List of countries by population. Average density is one of the lowest on earth with almost 6 people/km2 ( List of countries by population density).
Related pages
Kazakhstan at the Olympics
Kazakhstan national football team
List of rivers of Kazakhstan
References
Notes
Other websites
Official Website of Kazakh Parliament, in K'azak'sha, Russkii, and English
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Doom 2

Doom 2 (or Doom II in roman numerals) is a sequel to the first-person shooter video game Doom. It was created by iD Software, and came out in 1994, just one year after the first game. It was based on the same game engine as Doom, and had 32 levels, two of them secret. Doom 2 got newer enemies and weapons. Enemies new in Doom 2 include the Arch-vile, Mancubus, Arachnotron, Chaingunner, Pain Elemental, Revenant, Hell Knight, and the Final Boss (also called the Icon of Sin). The only new weapon in Doom 2 is the Super Shotgun. It is a double-barrel shotgun that use two shotgun shells every time it is fired, but it does three times as much damage as the normal Shotgun and has a much wider hit box. The game's difficulty is much harder than the first Doom game.
Doom 2 includes an expansion pack known as the Master Levels for Doom II. The expansion pack has 20 WAD files created by various authors under contract with id Software.
Doom 2 also includes another expansion pack called No Rest for the Living, released on the Xbox Live Arcade for the Xbox 360.
1994 video games
DOS games
Video game sequels
Doom video games
Tonami, Toyama

is a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan.
Geography
Surrounding municipalities
Toyama Prefecture
Imizu
Nanto
Oyabe
Takaoka
Toyama
Population
From Japanese census data,
References
Other websites
Official website
Cities in Toyama Prefecture
René Vautier

Rene Vautier (15 January 1928 - 4 January 2015) was a French movie director. His movies were about many issues, such as the Algerian War, French colonialism in Africa, pollution, racism, women's rights, and apartheid in South Africa. His best known works were Afrique 50 and Avoir 20 ans dans les Aures.
Other websites
1928 births
2015 deaths
French movie directors
People from Brittany
Isabel Sanford

Eloise Gwendolyn Sanford (also known as Isabel Sanford; August 29, 1917 - July 9, 2004) was an American movie, television and stage actress. She acted in several notable sitcoms. She played Louise "Weezy" Jefferson in The Jeffersons (January 1975 - June 1985). She also had many movie roles.
Sanford was born in Harlem, New York. She died in Los Angeles from natural causes at age eighty six.
Actors from New York City
American television actors
1917 births
2004 deaths
People from Harlem
Mike Tyson

Michael Gerard Tyson (June 30, 1966) is an American retired boxer. In 1986, he had his 28th professional match (or fight) as a professional boxer; Because he won that fight also, the World Boxing Council (WBC) gave him the title "World Champion".
Mike Tyson became a professional boxer in 1985 and won a heavyweight title from Trevor Berbick in 1986. He was the youngest man to win a heavyweight title belt. He became recognized as the undisputed champion when he beat Tony Tuker in 1987. His 91-second obliteration of Michael Spinks in 1988 was the zenith of his boxing fame and ability. He lost his title to Buster Douglas in 1990. Tyson won his first 19 professional bouts by knockout, 12 of them in the first round.
In 1992, he was convicted of the rape of Desiree Washington, and served three years in prison. When he was released he started boxing again and won a few heavyweight titles. His first fight after jail was against Peter McNeeley which he won almost with ease. Evander Holyfield was the first fighter to beat him in his return. In the rematch he infamously bit a part off of Holyfields ear. Tyson also fought Lennox Lewis, who beat him, too. He retired from boxing in 2005.
Mike Tyson refereed one match at WrestleMania 14 and later on wrestled in a tag-team match on WWE Raw where he betrayed his partner, Chris Jericho. For these efforts, he was inducted in the WWE Hall of Fame in 2012. He has his a video game called Mike Tyson's Punch Out! named after him. Inducted to the International boxing hall of fame in 2011.
He converted to Islam and became a Muslim he adopted the name Malik Abdul Aziz; other sources reported this name as Malik Shabazz.
References
Other websites
Boxing Record
1966 births
African-American boxers
American rapists
Criminals from New York City
Living people
Sportspeople from New York City
WWE Hall of Fame
International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees
Province of Livorno

The Province of Livorno (Italian: Provincia di Livorno) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. The capital of the province is the city of Livorno.
The province has an area of 1,218 km2, and a total population of 326,444 (2001). There are 21 comuni (singular: comune) in the province.
Gallery
Other websites
Province homepage
Livorno Tourist Board Site
L
Forum for Democracy

The Forum for Democracy (Dutch: Forum voor Democratie. shortened FVD) is a Dutch political party.
The party was formed on 22 September 2016.
The Forum for Democracy is critical of the current political situation in the Netherlands. The party is right-wing and a national-conservative party. They are strongly against the European Union. They also want more direct democracy in the Netherlands.
Political leader and co-founder of the FVD is Thierry Baudet.
In the 2021 elections, they have won 8 seats (+6) in the House of Representatives.
The FVD group in the House of Representatives split on 13 May 2021. Wybren van Haga and two others MPs left the party and formed the Group Van Haga.
References
Other websites
Website of the Forum for Democracy
Conservative parties
Eurosceptic parties
Nationalist organizations in Europe
Political parties in the Netherlands
2016 establishments in the Netherlands
Lay clerk

A lay clerk, also known as a lay vicar, is a term used in the United Kingdom to describe a male singer who sings in a cathedral choir or a choir belonging to a college of one of the large traditional universities. A lay clerk is usually paid for the job. When he is called "lay vicar" the term "vicar" comes from the Latin word "vice" (meaning "deputy"). A lay vicar is not in holy orders (he is not a priest). Today there are a few female lay clerks, e.g. in Dublin.
The term "layman" was used in the Middle Ages for a chorister who sings some of the music that was too difficult for the priests to sing. Today many of the lay clerks in places such as Oxford or Cambridge combine their work as layclerk with studying at University. It is similar to a scholarship for studying.
Singers
Christian religious occupations
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan

Abdiqasim Salad Hassan (; ; born on January 1, 1941) or Abdiqasim Salad is a Somali politician. He helped found the Transitional National Government. He was President of Somalia from 2000 to 2004.
References
1941 births
Living people
Presidents of Somalia
Laurence Fishburne

Laurence Fishburne III (born July 30, 1961) is an American actor of movies and theater, playwright, director, and producer. He was nominated for the Oscar, and won the Emmy and Tony Awards. He is famous for his roles in successful movies like Apocalypse Now and The Matrix. Fishburne was the first African-American actor to play Perry White in Man of Steel.
Fishburne was born in Augusta, Georgia and moved to Brooklyn, New York City during his childhood.
Filmography
Other websites
Laurence Fishburne at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
1961 births
Living people
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Actors from Brooklyn
American child actors
African-American movie actors
African American movie producers
African-American stage actors
African-American television actors
Drama Desk Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
Movie producers from New York City
People from Augusta, Georgia
Tony Award winning actors
Writers from Brooklyn
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Effective method

In mathematics, logic, and related disciplines, an effective metohd or effective procedure is a way of solving a problem. It is defined as follws:
It has a finite number of exact instructions
When its used for a problem of its given class:
It will finish after a finite number of steps
It will always produce the correct result
It can be also be done by a human, with a piece of paper, and a writing aid (like a pencil)
Anyone following the steps, will be successful.
Sometimes, people ask that the method odes not return a result, if it is aplied ot a problem which is not of its class.
In the case of computer science, an effective method is called algorithm.
Related pages
Halting problem
Decidability theory
Mathematics
Bellevue, Washington

Bellevue is a city of King County in the state of Washington, in the United States. It is found across Lake Washington from Seattle.
References
Cities in Washington (state)
Shelton, Washington

Shelton is a city in the U.S. state of Washington. It is the county seat of Mason County. 10,371 people lived here at the 2020 census.
References
Cities in Washington (state)
County seats in Washington (state)
Precancerous condition

A precancerous (or premalignant) condition is not malignant. However, it has the potential to become cancer if proper treatment is not taken in time.
A premalignant lesion is a visually (morphologically) altered tissue in which cancer is more likely to occur than its normal counterpart.
The condition was named in 1875 by Romanian physician Victor Babes.
Cancer
Evgeniia Abdriziakova

Evgeniia Abdriziakova (born 7 June 1988) is a Russian water polo player. She played at the 2014 Women's European Water Polo Championship, and 2015 World Aquatics Championships,
References
1988 births
Russian water polo players
Living people
2004 AFC U-19 Women's Championship

2004 AFC U-19 Women's Championship was held in China from May 25 to June 6.
Results
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Knockout stage
References
AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup
2004 in association football
2000s in China
Football in China
Dnipro

Dnipro (, , Dnepr), called Dnipropetrovsk until May 2016 ( ; Dnepropetrovsk) is a city in Ukraine and is the third largest city in Ukraine. About 1 million people live there. It lies southeast of Ukraine's capital city, Kyiv. It was founded in 1776. Dnipro enjoys a borderline semi-arid/Mediterranean climate (Koppen climate classification BSh/Csa), with relativity mild temperatures and plentiful sunshine year-round.
Dnipro is one of the key places for the nuclear, arms and space industries of the former Soviet Union.
References
1776 establishments
Establishments in Ukraine
1770s establishments in Europe
Cities in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
John Abraham

John Abraham (born 17 December 1972), is an Indian film actor, producer and a former model who appears in Hindi films.
Early life
Abraham was born on 17 December 1972 into a family of mixed religious and ethnic heritage. His father is a Syrian Christian from Kerala and his mother is a Zoroastrian Irani. Abraham's Zoroastrian name is "Farhan", but he was baptised with the name "John." He has a younger brother named Alan Abraham. He considers himself a spiritual person but does not follow any particular religion. Abraham grew up in Mumbai and studied at the Bombay Scottish School in Mumbai, Maharashta. He attended Jai Hind College, University of Mumbai, and then got an MBA degree from Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Bombay. His cousin Susy Matthew is an author and has written novels like "Mahabharat".
Filmography
Actor
Producer
Awards and nominations
Film awards
Other recognitions
References
Other website
Official website
1972 births
Living people
Actors from Mumbai
Indian models
Indian movie actors
Indian movie producers
Actors from Kerala
Vegetarians
Malayali people
Yaku Pérez Guartambel

Yaku Sacha Perez Guartambel (born Carlos Ranulfo, 26 February 1969), often simply known as Yaku Perez, is an Ecuadorian politician and indigenous rights activist. He unsuccessfully ran for President of Ecuador in the 2021 election. He came in third place and did not qualify for the second round. He is running for president again in the 2023 election.
Activism
He is ethnically Canari, Perez is a member of the eco-socialist Pachakutik Party.
He has been called an "anti-mining activist", Perez has been involved in protests against water privatization efforts and the proposed Quimsacocha mining project.
Political career
On 14 May 2019, he was elected as Provincial Prefect of the Azuay Province. He became well known during the 2019 demonstrations against President Lenin Moreno's neoliberal economic policies.
2021 presidential election
In 2020, he announced his first presidential campaign to replace President Lenin Moreno in the 2021 election. In February 2021 during the first round of voting, Perez Guartambel came in third place, losing to Guillermo Lasso for the second place to advance in the run-off in April.
2023 presidential election
In May 2023, he announced his second presidential campaign to replace Guillermo Lasso in the 2023 election.
References
Ecuadorian politicians
1969 births
Living people
People from Cuenca, Ecuador
Zail Singh

Gyani Zail Singh (; born Jarnail Singh, 5 May 1916 - 25 December 1994) was an Indian politician. He was the seventh President of India from 1982 to 1987. He was a politician with the Indian National Congress party.
Singh was killed in a car crash in Chandigarh, India on 25 December 1994 at the age of 78.
References
1916 births
1994 deaths
Road accident deaths
Presidents of India
Jeanne Shaheen

Cynthia Jeanne Bowers (also Jeanne Shaheen; born January 28, 1947) is an American politician She is a member of the U.S. Democratic Party.
In 1996, Shaheen became the first woman to be elected Governor of New Hampshire.
In 2008, Shaheen was elected to the United States Senate. Since 2011, she has been the senior senator from New Hampshire.
Shaheen was born in Saint Charles, Missouri.
References
United States senators from New Hampshire
Governors of New Hampshire
Politicians from Missouri
1947 births
Living people
Zabrze

Zabrze is a city in Poland in the Silesian Voivodeship. It has about 188,000 inhabitants and an area about 109 km2.
Cities in Silesian Voivodeship
LTV A-7 Corsair II

The A-7 Corsair II was an attack plane like the F-8 Crusader. It was made by Ling-Temco-Vought. It first flew in 1965, and went into militaries in 1967. It can take off from aircraft carriers, and can carry bombs meant to destroy enemies on the ground.Later the Corsair ll was replaced by the F/A-18 Hornet.
Note that it is called the "Corsair II" because there was an airplane called the F4U Corsair.
Related pages
F-8 Crusader
United States Air Force aircraft
United States Navy aircraft
Vietnam War aircraft
Barrington, New Hampshire

Barrington is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, 9,326 people lived there.
Other websites
Barrington Public Library
Towns in New Hampshire
Orient, Maine

Orient is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Waarschoot

Waarschoot is a former municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders. On 1 January 2019, Lovendegem, Waarschoot and Zomergem were merged into the new municipality of Lievegem.
In 2007, 7756 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 09 North, 03deg 36 East.
References
Former municipalities of East Flanders
Jan van Zanen

Jan Hendrikus Cornelis van Zanen (born 4 September 1961) is a Dutch politician. He is a member of the VVD. He has been Mayor of The Hague since 2020. He was Mayor of Utrecht (2014-2020) and Amstelveen (2005-2013) and national chairperson of the VVD (2003-2008).
References
1961 births
Living people
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Dutch councillors
Dutch jurists
Dutch mayors
Dutch party chairs
Mayors of The Hague
People from Purmerend
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from North Holland
RMS Queen Mary

RMS Queen Mary is a ship in Long Beach, California. It is docked in the harbor. It was an ocean liner that sailed in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1936 to 1967.
With the outbreak of World War II, she was changed into a troopship. Queen Mary moved Allied soldiers for the rest of the war. Following the war, Queen Mary was refitted for passenger service.
The ship now is a tourist attraction featuring restaurants, a museum, and hotel. The ship is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
References
Cruise ships
National Register of Historic Places
Long Beach, California
Léchelles

Lechelles was a municipality of the district of Broye in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 September 1994, the former municipality of Chandon merged into the municipality of Lechelles, keeping the name Lechelles. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Domdidier, Dompierre, Lechelles and Russy merged to form Belmont-Broye.
References
Other websites
Official website
Former municipalities of Fribourg
Billy, Calvados

Billy, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Valambray.
References
Former communes in Calvados
University of Michigan College of Engineering

The University of Michigan College of Engineering is the engineering section of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. With 6,351 undergraduate and 3,331 graduate students as of 2012, the College of Engineering is one of the largest engineering schools in the United States. In several ranking systems, the college is ranked as one of the top ten engineering schools in the nation.
References
University of Michigan campus
Engineering schools
1854 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Michigan
Goguryeo

Goguryeo is a dynasty of ancient Korea which was begun by Jumong () in 37 BC. It was started in the area near the Dongga River, a branch of the Abrok River. Jolbon was the capital city founded by Jumong.
The legend of the nation's birth is that Jumong was born out of an egg and brought up by King Gumwa () of East Buyeo. The name, Jumong, means a person who is good at archery. Because of his archery skills, Prince Daeso () envied him. So, Jumong felt death threats and decided to escape from East Buyeo with three friends. He went to Jolbon Buyeo and married Sosuno () who was the princess of the nation. Jumong succeeded the king and changed the nation's name to Goguryeo after his surname.
Since the first king, King Dongmyeong (), Goguryeo had been invaded by several enemies such as the Chinese Han Dynasty, and Xianbei. But, by 11th king's reign, Goguryeo had succeeded in taking control over Liaoong. Until the 24th king's period, it had had its golden age, expanding the range of the nation and driving away all the attacks from ouside. The most famous king was King Gwanggaeto the Great ().
However, when it was under the control of 27th king, Youngryou (), Goguryeo was becoming a vassal of the Tang Dynasty. Because of this, the king was killed by Yoen Gaesomoon () and a new king, Bojang () succeeded. After Yoen Gaesomoon died, the people did not cooperate with the nation well and while its control got weak, it was destroyed by the allied forces of Tang and Silla.
References
History of Korea
Royal dynasties
30s BC establishments
Former monarchies of Asia
Ayub K. Ommaya

Ayub K. Ommaya or Ayub Khan Ommaya (1930-2008) was a famous Pakistani neurosurgeon settled in the USA. He is especially well known for being the inventor of the Ommaya reservoir, which is a method to help cancer patients receive chemotherapy treatment.
Ommaya was born in Mian Channu Tehsil, British India, now Pakistan, in 1930. He moved to Oxford, England in 1956. He then moved to the United States in 1961. Later, following illness, he moved to Islamabad, Pakistan with his wife in 2005. He died there in 2008.
References
Pakistani physicians
American physicians
1930 births
2008 deaths
Medical researchers
People from Punjab (Pakistan)
Neuroscientists
Managerial state

The managerial state a concept critical of modern progressive democracy and Keynesian economics in which the government micromanages everything.
Politics
Lovell, Ohio

Lovell is an unincorporated community in Wyandot County, Ohio.
History
Lovell was founded in the 1870s soon when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office was established at Lovell in 1877, and operated until 1909. The community was named for its founder, Lovell B. Harris.
References
Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Hooverville

A "Hooverville" is the popular name for slum towns built by people without homes during the Great Depression. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was the President of the United States during the start of the Great Depression and was given the blame for it.
Most Hoovervilles were made out of any materials people could find, including crates, cardboard, and scraps of metal. They usually had a small stove, a bed, and some cooking instruments. People who were living in Hoovervilles without jobs created public charities or asked for food from people with houses.
One well-known Hooverville was in Central Park in New York City, where people lived on the Great Lawn, which was then an empty reservoir.
References
20th century in the United States
Crowley County, Colorado

Crowley County is a county in the state of Colorado in the United States. As of the 2020 census, 5,922 people lived there. The county seat is Ordway.
References
Colorado counties
Ganz

The word Ganz may mean:
Ganz (tramcars), Hungarian maker of electric railway equipment.
Ganz (toy company), a Canadian toy company known for Webkinz
Ganz, Austria, a town in the district of Murzzuschlag in Styria
Ganz (surname), people with the surname Ganz
Ganz HMG, a fictitious machine gun in Battlefield 2142
Herman Boone

Herman Ike Boone (October 28, 1935 - December 18, 2019) was an American high school football coach.
In 1971, he coached the T. C. Williams High School in Alexandria, Virginia to a successful season. The team went 13-0 during the season, achieved the state championship and were the national championship runners-up. The 2000 movie Remember the Titans is loosely based off the school's 1971 football season. Boone was played by Denzel Washington in the movie.
Boone was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. He was married to Carol Boone and had three daughters. Boone died on December 18, 2019 in Alexandria, Virginia at the age of 84. The cause was lung cancer.
References
Other websites
1935 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in Virginia
African-American sportspeople
American football coaches
Sportspeople from North Carolina
People from Rocky Mount, North Carolina
Östersunds FK

Ostersunds FK is an association football club in the town of Ostersund in Sweden. The club was founded in 1996. It played its first Superettan season in 2013. On 27 October 2015, the club qualified for Allsvenskan for first time.
Awards and trophies
Cups
Svenska cupen:
Winners (1): 2017
References
Other websites
Official website
1996 establishments in Europe
Swedish football clubs
Ostersund
1990s establishments in Sweden
Joe Alaskey

Joseph Francis "Joe" Alaskey (April 17, 1952 - February 3, 2016) was an American actor, impressionist, stand-up comedian and voice actor. He was known for voicing Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Sylvester the Cat, Tweety and other characters from Warner Bros. cartoons. He voiced Plucky Duck on Tiny Toon Adventures from 1990 to 1995.
Alaskey won an Emmy Award in 2004.
Alaskey was the second actor to voice Grandpa Lou Pickles on Rugrats. He voiced Lou again in the Rugrats spin-off series, All Grown Up! and all three movies. He also voiced Stinkie in Casper.
Alaskey died in Green Island, New York from cancer on February 3, 2016. He was aged 63.
References
Other websites
1952 births
2016 deaths
Actors from New York (state)
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in New York (state)
Comedians from New York (state)
Emmy Award winning actors
Salamat (prefecture)

Salamat was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad. The capital of Salamat was Am Timan. Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.
Prefectures of Chad
Mounds, Illinois

Mounds is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
Paulx

Paulx is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
References
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Altes Amt Ebstorf

Altes Amt Ebstorf is a former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in Uelzen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat was in the village Ebstorf. At the 1 November 2011 local government reform, the collective municipality Bevensen and Altes Amt Ebstorf combined to form the new collective municipality Bevensen-Ebstorf.
The collective municipality Altes Amt Ebstorf had the following municipalities:
Ebstorf
Hanstedt
Natendorf
Schwienau
Wriedel
References
Other websites
(German)
Former Samtgemeinden in Lower Saxony