pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Limburg (Belgium)

Limburg (, , , ) is the easternmost of the five provinces of modern Flanders, which is one of the three main political and cultural sub-divisions of modern Belgium. Its capital is Hasselt.
Geography
Limburg is located west of the Meuse (Dutch Maas) river, upon which it borders the similarly named province Limburg of the Netherlands. It also borders on the Walloon province of Liege to the south, with which it also has historical ties. To the north and west are the old territories of the Duchy of Brabant, the Flemish provinces of Flemish Brabant and Antwerp to the west, and the Dutch province of North Brabant to the north.
The province of Limburg has an area of with a population of about 886,000 in 2022.
The province is divided into three arrondissements (arrondissementen in Dutch) with 42 municipalities. Among these municipalities are the current capital Hasselt, the early medieval capital Borgloon, Genk, Diepenbeek (home to Hasselt University), and Tongeren, the only Roman city in the province and regarded as the oldest city of Belgium.
The municipality of Voeren is geographically detached (an exclave) from Limburg and the rest of Flanders, with the Netherlands to the north and the Walloon province of Liege to the south. This municipality was established by the municipal reform of 1977.
The highest point of the province, , is in the town of Remersdaal, Voeren municipality.
The centre of Belgian Limburg is crossed east to west by the Demer river and the Albert Canal, which run similar paths. The Demer river's drainage basin covers most of the central and southern part of the province, except for the southeastern corner, where the Jeker (in French: (le) Geer) runs past Tongeren and into the Maas river (in French: (la) Meuse) at Maastricht.
The eastern border of the province corresponds to the western side of the Maas, which originates in France. It's drainage basin includes not only the Jeker but most of the northern part of Belgian Limburg.
Administrative divisions
The province of Limburg is divided into 3 arrondissements (Hasselt, Maaseik and Tongeren) and a total of 42 municipalities since 2019.
Population by arrondissement
Population x 1,000 (on 1 January since 1980).
Related pages
Limburg (Netherlands), a province in southeastern Netherlands.
References
Other websites
Toerisme Limburg
Indianola, Mississippi

Indianola is a city in Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States. As of 2000, 12,066 people lived in Indianola.
Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Winston County, Mississippi

Winston County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 19,198 people lived there. Its county seat is Louisville.
References
1833 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Ahmed Daham

Ahmed Daham Karim (12 October 1967 - 29 December 2021) was an Iraqi football midfielder. He played for the Iraq national football team from 1987 until 1996. He also played for Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and last coached Al-Ramadi FC. His managing career lasted from 2015 until his death.
Daham died from a heart attack in Ramadi, Iraq on 29 December 2021, at the age of 54.
References
1967 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Iraqi footballers
Football managers
The Guinea Pig (movie)

The Guinea Pig is a 1948 British drama movie directed by Roy Boulting and was based on the 1946 play of the same name by Warren Chetham-Strode. It stars Richard Attenborough, Sheila Sims, Bernard Miles, Cecil Trouncer, Robert Flemyng, Edith Sharpe, Joan Hickson, Anthony Newley, Oscar Quitak.
Other websites
1948 drama movies
British drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Roy Boulting
Movies set in schools
Anshun

Anshun () is a prefecture-level city of Guizhou province, near the location of Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of 2010, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city is known for its aerospace industry.
References
Cities in China
Lists of cities in Asia
Guizhou
Interstate 86 (Idaho)

Interstate 86 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Idaho in the United States. It goes from Declo east to Chubbock. The route is long.
References
86
Bill Hendon

William Martin Hendon (November 9, 1944 - June 20, 2018) was an American author, activist, and politician. He was born in Asheville, North Carolina. He served as a two-term Republican U.S. representative from North Carolina's 11th District.
Hendon died on June 20, 2018 under hospice carer in Forest City, North Carolina after suffering from Parkinson's disease at the age of 73.
References
Other websites
Biography, The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
A Finding Aid to Records Relating to American Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era, 1960-1994, The National Archives, compiled 1996
1944 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
United States representatives from North Carolina
American political writers
American political activists
Writers from North Carolina
People from Asheville, North Carolina
Republican Party (United States) politicians
La Chapelle-du-Châtelard

La Chapelle-du-Chatelard is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Communes in Ain
Sidney Nolan

Sir Sidney Robert Nolan (; 22 April 191728 November 1992) is regarded as one of Australia's great artists. He used many art forms including painting, drawing, printmaking, set design (for theatre), murals, spray painting and collage. He created over 10,000 individual art works, considered a prolific, or large, number of works of art.
Nolan is famous for his set of 27 Ned Kelly paintings. His friend, Sunday Reed, donated 25 of the paintings to the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra, where a special room has been built to display them. In 2010 one of the Kelly paintings was given to the National Gallery of Victoria. One of the Kelly paintings not owned by the museum was sold in March 2010 for AU$5.4 million. This was the highest price ever paid for an Australian painting.
Nolan was born in Carlton, Victoria on 22 April 1917. He attended Prahran Technical College and studied art at the National Gallery School in Melbourne. In 1948 he moved to Sydney, New South Wales and then in 1953 he moved to London where he stayed until his death on 28 November 1992.
References
1917 births
1992 deaths
Australian painters
Australian printmakers
Artists from Victoria (Australia)
People from Melbourne
Elvis Stojko

Elvis Stojko (born March 22, 1972 in Newmarket, Ontario ) is a Canadian figure skater. He was world champion three times, and Canadian champion seven times.
Stojko was named after Elvis Presley, and sometimes skates to Presley's music. He grew up in Richmond Hill, Ontario. He started skating when he was four years old. He also became a black belt in karate (which has influenced some of his skating). Stojko was the first person to do a quadruple-triple jump combination. He became known for his athletic ability.
Today he is a professional skater, and also competes in karate.
Amateur competitions
World Championships: first place in 1994, 1995, and 1997.
Olympics: silver in both 1994 and 1998.
Canadian Championships: first place in 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2002.
Other websites
Elvis Stojko: Heart of Gold
References
Sportspeople from Ontario
Canadian figure skaters
1972 births
Living people
Fidenza

Fidenza is an Italian city in Emilia-Romagna. About 27,000 people live there.
Cities in Emilia-Romagna
Apricot (color)

Apricot is a color that is a representation of the color of the apricot fruit.
Apricot in has been in written use as a color name since 1851.
Where the name came from
The word "apricot" comes from the Arabic Al-birquq, in turn derived from Latin armeniacus, i.e., the fruit from Armenia. The ultimate origin of the apricot fruit was from China.
Tones of apricot color comparison chart
Related pages
List of colors
Orange
Peach (color)
References
Kassam tree frog

The Kassam tree frog (Litoria multiplica) is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea. It lives in forests and swamps far from the ocean.
Scientists say the tadpoles look different from other Litoria tadpoles. They have dark black and brown stripes and bright gold spots.
References
Frogs of Oceania
Russell Gardens, New York

Russell Gardens is a village and a part of the Great Neck peninsula in Nassau County, New York in the United States. The population was 945 at the 2010 census.
It is in the Town of North Hempstead. It is on the Great Neck Peninsula.
Russell Gardens is located at (40.781063, -73.724996).
References
Villages in New York (state)
Kwasi Okyere Wriedt

Kwasi Okyere Wriedt (born 10 July 1994) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a forward for German club Holstein Kiel and the Ghana national team.
Career statistics
Club
Notes
International
Honours
Bayern Munich
DFL-Supercup: 2017, 2018
Bundesliga: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20
DFB-Pokal: 2018-19
Bayern Munich II
3. Liga: 2019-20
Regionalliga Bayern: 2018-19
Individual
3. Liga Player of the Season: 2019-20
3. Liga top goalscorer: 2019-20
References
Other websites
1994 births
Living people
Ghanaian footballers
German footballers
Association football forwards
Invasion of Poland (1939)

The Invasion of Poland in 1939 was a military offensive in which Nazi Germany and, two weeks later, the Soviet Union invaded Poland. That was the start of World War II in Europe.
The invasion started on 1 September 1939. The invasion of Poland caused the United Kingdom and France to declare war on Germany on 3 September, but they did little to affect the September Campaign. Fighting ended on 6 October. Germany and the Soviet Union conquered Poland and divided it according to their Molotov-Ribbentrop pact.
It is often called the first time that blitzkrieg was tried on the battlefield, but similar methods had been used earlier. The German surprise attack was successful and was very effective against the ineffective and demobilized Polish Army, whose tanks and airplanes were few and mostly old. The Poles were outflanked, outmaneuvered, and outnumbered in September 1939 and easily destroyed by the Germans. The Poles, if they had been well prepared, could have had two million soldiers in the fight.
In the first few days of the German invasion, Poland proved to be more difficult to invade than the Germans had expected. In the Battle of Mokra on September 2nd, the Poles repulsed an attack by a German Panzer division and forced its retreat. The German air force, unlike their invasions of other countries, did not easily overcome the outnumbered Polish Air Force. However, their great superiority in numbers made them gain air superiority after five to six days.
Surrounded by German territories north, west, and south of Poland, the Poles had little space for tactical retreat. The Germans reached Warsaw and attacked on September 7 but were repulsed. They had suffered heavy tank losses and so were forced to retreat.
The Battle of Bzura, on September 9, was the largest attack by the Poles during the war. The Poles had great initial success by decimating two German divisions and taking 3500 German prisoners. Polish infantry fought well, but by September 19, the overwhelming German reinforcements had defeated the Poles.
The Poles realized the British and French were in a phoney war and had no intention of assisting Poland, and the Soviet Red Army invaded Poland from the east on September 17. The Polish High Command ordered troops and equipment to the Romanian Bridgehead to enter Romania with the intention to continue their resistance by moving as much of their army to France as possible. Most of the Polish Navy escaped to Britain. Polish cryptographers who had cracked the German Enigma machine went to France and later to Britain, to continue their work.
Polish politicians set up a government-in-exile in France and later escaped to Britain. In 1945, when the Allied armies invaded Germany and forced its surrender, the Polish Army was the fourth largest allied army.
Notes
References
Other websites
World War 2 Online Newspaper Archives - The Invasion of Poland, 1939
The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 Database
Fall Weiss - The Fall of Poland
BBC portal dedicated to the start of WW II in Europe
German Invasion of Poland -Citizendium
1939 in Europe
1930s in Poland
Invasions of World War II
Chamber of Senators (Bolivia)

The Chamber of Senators () is the upper house of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly of Bolivia.
The Senate has 36 seats. Each of the country's nine departments returns four senators elected by proportional representation (using the D'Hondt method).
References
Organizations based in Bolivia
Kamishibai

Kami-shibai (Japanese: Zhi Zhi Ju ) is a storytelling performance with picture cards, and is a traditional Japanese entertainment for children. In Japanese "Kami" means paper and "shibai" means drama or enternainment. The performer tells a story and shows pictures from scene to scene. Kami-shibai is a bidirectional media which is comprised of actions and reactions between a performer and audiences. With the spread of television, kami-shibai went out of date.
Entertainment in Japan
Triatominae

The members of Triatominae are a subfamily of Reduviidae. They are also called kissing bugs, conenose bugs, assassin bugs or triatomines. There are more than 130 species in this subfamily. Most of them feed on vertebrate blood. A few species feed on other invertebrates. They are mainly found in the Americas. There are a few species in Asia, Australia and Africa.
Some of the bugs carry the Chagas disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. However, only those species (such as Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus) well adapted to living with humans are considered important vectors.
References
Hemiptera
Gourdon, Alpes-Maritimes

Gourdon, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
May Day

May 1 is known in many countries as May Day or International Labor Day for human rights of workers and labour movement. This day is a holiday in most countries, including UK,China, Cuba, Czech republic, France, Russia, Brazil, Austria, Germany, Serbia, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kenya, Slovenia, Slovakia, Norway, Sweden, Turkey, Portugal, Bulgaria, Vietnam and Argentina.
May Day commemorates worker demonstrations for eight-hour workweeks in Chicago, May, 1886. More specifically, it commemorates the Haymarket Affair and the execution of multiple anarchist and marxist leaders.
Holidays
May events
Labor
Ajuran Sultanate

The Ajuran Empire (, ), also spelled Ajuuraan Empire, and often simply as Ajuran, was a Somali empire in the medieval times that dominated the Indian ocean trade. They belonged to the Somali Muslim sultanate that ruled over large parts of the Horn of Africa in the Middle Ages. Because of their centralized administration and strong military, they were able to resist an attack by the Ottoman empire. This was called Gaal Madow. The fought a number of wars with the Portugese, and were able to withstand them. After the war, trade routes were re-established or strengthened. In the coastal provinces, trade flourished. Ships sailed to and came from many kingdoms and empires in East Asia, South Asia, Europe, the Near East, North Africa and East Africa.
The empire was very important, and built many castles and fortresses. Some of them can still be seen, mostly in the southern part of Somalia. There are also a number of pillar tombs, necropolises, and cities built during that era, which are now in ruins, which are attributed to Ajuran engineers. During the Ajuran period, many regions and people in the southern part of the Horn of Africa converted to Islam because of the theocratic nature of the government. The royal family, the House of Garen, expanded its territories and established its hegemonic rule through a skillful combination of warfare, trade linkages and alliances.
The Ajuran also controlled the water resources. They built wells and cisterns on the rivers Shebelle and Jubba. Many of these wells are still working. The rulers also developed a new system of agriculture and taxation, which were used in parts of the Horn of Africa until the 19th century. The later rulers of the Ajuran were not as successful: There were rebellions, and by the late 17th century the empire had fallen apart into a number of smaller states. The most prominent of these was probably the Geledi Sultanate.
References
13th-century establishments in Africa
Former empires
Former countries in Africa
History of Somalia
Nyamuragira

Nyamuragira is a shield volcano in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The name means Herd of Cows. It is among the most active volcanoes in Africa.
This is an active shield volcano found in the Virunga mountains in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), about 25 kilometers North of Lake Kivu in Nord-Kivu Province. It is one Africa's active volcanoes which is believed to have erupted almost 40times since 1885. It is 13 kilometers North West of Nyiragongo and this volcano is believed to have caused extensive damage to Goma city during the 2002 eruption. Nyamuragira is 500 cubic kilometers and covers 1,500 square kilometers. Recent eruptions are believed to have happened in 2010, 2011 and 23 May 2021. Large portions of sulfur dioxide released in the atmosphere by volcanoes are as a result of the Nyiragongo volcano. The broad shield volcano is 3058meters high and about 2 kilometers wide and during volcanic eruptions, a lava lake is contained within the calderas.
It is believed that on 6th November 2011, an eruption started from a series of aligned fissures about 10 kilometers East of the summit caldera and this started with intense ground fracturing and tall lava fountains from several vents that started to build the Western cone complex Kimanura. Mount Nyamuragira or Nyamulagira derives its name from the Rwandan verb 'Kuragika inka' meaning herd of cows and Inka meaning cows. Mount Nyamuragira is visited by most tourists because of its strategic location with the volcanic craters on the top. Also due to the presence of tree species that grow on the fertile soils in the surroundings. This is also a true birding destination for different bird species that nest in the neighboring trees.
References
Other websites
Geography of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Volcanoes of Africa
Jerónimos Monastery

The Jeronimos Monastery () is a Monastery that is located in Lisbon, Portugal. It is registered as a World Cultural Heritage Site.
References
World Heritage Sites in Portugal
Monasteries
Buildings and structures in Lisbon
15th-century buildings and structures
Matteo Guendouzi

Matteo Elias Kenzo Guendouzi Valverde Mendoza Olie (; born 14 April 1999) is a French footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Ligue 1 club Marseille and the France national team.
References
1999 births
Living people
French footballers
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Lisle, Illinois

Lisle is a city in the state of Illinois in the United States.
It has two high schools, two junior highs, and an elementary school.
One high school is the Lisle Senior High.
Cities in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
Settlements in DuPage County, Illinois
Amazons

In Greek mythology, the Amazons (, Amazones, singular , Amazon) were a tribe of warrior women. The Amazons as they appear in myth may have been inspired by warrior women among the Scythians and Sarmatians. Their place of residence was the subject of much dispute: according to both Herodotus and Strabo, these warrior women lived on the banks of the river Thermodon, by the Black Sea, while Diodorus states that, prior to the ones by the Black Sea, there lived a different tribe of Amazons in the region of Libya. The Amazons were said to have founded several cities and temples found in Smyrna, Sinope, Cyme, Gryne, Ephesus, Pitania, Magnesia, Clete, Pygela, Latoreria and Amastris; according to legend, the Amazons were the ones who invented the cavalry.
References
Other websites
Herodotus on the Amazons
Herodotus via Gutenberg
Perseus
People in Greek mythology
Donnay

Donnay is a commune. It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
References
Communes in Calvados
Kåre Willoch

Kare Isaachsen Willoch (; 3 October 1928 - 6 December 2021) was a Norwegian politician from the Conservative Party. He served as Minister of Trade and Shipping in 1963 and 1965-1970, and as Prime Minister of Norway from 1981 to 1986. Willoch was Chairman of the Conservative Party 1970-1974. He was a member of the Norwegian Parliament from 1957 to 1989. He was also Director of the Nansen Institute.
Willoch died in his home in Oslo, on 6 December 2021, at the age of 93.
References
Other websites
Homage to a true conservative . Profile of Kare Willoch, written in the HumanBeams magazine, by Gisle Tangenes.
1928 births
2021 deaths
Prime Ministers of Norway
Politicians from Oslo
Megachurch

A megachurch is a large church. It usually has around 2,000 or more people come every week. About 1,300 Protestant churches are megachurches.
Other websites
Database of Megachurches in the U.S.
Churches
Leap year starting on Wednesday

This article describes any leap year starting on Wednesday. Examples include 1908, 1936, 1964, 1992, 2020, 2048, and 2076 in the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most of the world.
This leap year is one of three leap years that have two Friday the 13ths, the others being Leap year starting on Monday and Leap year starting on Thursday. The Friday the 13ths in this leap year are in March and November. This characteristic is shared with Common Years Starting on Thursday but also have another one in February.
In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on January 20, Valentine's Day is on a Friday, Presidents Day is on February 17, the leap day, February 29, is on a Saturday, St. Patrick's Day is on a Tuesday, Mother's Day is on May 10, Memorial Day is on its earliest possible date, May 25, Father's Day is on its latest possible date, June 21, Independence Day is on a Saturday, Labor Day is on its latest possible date, September 7, Columbus Day is on October 12, Halloween is on a Saturday, Veterans Day is on a Wednesday, Thanksgiving is on November 26, and Christmas is on a Friday.
Calendar
Leap years by day
2000s 2020,2048,2076
2100s 2116,2144,2172
2200s 2212,2240,2268,2296
2300s 2308,2336,2364,2392
2400s 2420,2448,2476
2500s 2516,2544,2572
Saulzet

Saulzet is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
The Night Before Christmas (1913 movie)

The Night Before Christmas () is a 1913 Russian silent comedy movie directed by Ladislas Starevich. It stars Ivan Mozzhukhin, Olga Obolenskaya, and Lidiya Tridenskaya. The movie is based on the 1832 tale of the same name by Nikolai Gogol.
Actors
Ivan Mozzhukhin as Devil (as Ivan Mosjoukine)
Olga Obolenskaya as Oksana
Lidiya Tridenskaya as Solokha
Petr Lopukhin as Vakula (as P. Laphukin)
Aleksandr Kheruvimov as Golova
Pavel Knorr as Chub
References
Other websites
Russian comedy movies
Russian silent movies
1913 movies
1910s comedy movies
Odd Aalen

Odd Olai Aalen (born 6 May 1947 in Oslo) is a Norwegian statistician. He is internationally known for his research on progression and survival analysis.
Education
Aalen grew up in Oslo and graduated from Oslo Cathedral School in 1966. He studied physics and mathematics at the University of Oslo until 1972. He then began graduate studies at the University of California at Berkeley, USA.
Works
After his doctorate, he worked as a researcher at the University of Copenhagen and the University of Tromso, before becoming a medical statistician at the University of Oslo in 1982. He became a professor from 1985 and now has a position at the Department of Biostatistics.
1947 births
Living people
Statisticians
Scientists from Oslo
Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte

The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte was signed in the autumn of 911. It was a treaty between Charles the Simple and Rollo, one of the leaders of the Vikings living in Neustria. It was to protect Charles' kingdom from any new invasion by the "Northmen. In 911, a group of Vikings lead by Rollo besieged Paris and Chartres. After a victory near Chartres on 26 August, Charles decided to try to reach an agreement with Rollo. The talks were led by Herve, the Archbishop of Reims. The result was the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte. The treaty granted Rollo all land between the river Epte and the sea in exchange for his fealty. In addition, the treaty granted Rollo Brittany "for his livelihood". At the time, Brittany was an independent region which France had not been able to control. In exchange, Rollo promised the king his loyalty, which involved military assistance for the protection of the kingdom. As a token of his good will, Rollo also agreed to be baptised and marry Gisela a daughter of king Charles.
The territory covered by the treaty is nearly the same as today's Upper Normandy down to the Seine river. It would later extend west beyond the Seine to form the Duchy of Normandy, named for the northmen who ruled it. The treaty was entered into after the death of Alan I, King of Brittany and at the time another group of Vikings occupied Brittany. Around 937 Alan I's son, Alan II returned from England to expel those Vikings from Brittany. This happened in 939. During this period the Cotentin Peninsula was lost by Brittany and gained by Normandy.
References
911
History of France
Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
10th century in Europe
Hadith

A hadith (, pronounced: "") is a saying attributed to Muhammad, a prophet of Islam. In English, the word hadith is also used as the plural word for a group of these narrations, although the plural in Arabic is a-HAA-deeth.
For most self-identified Muslims, hadiths are used along with the Qur'an to interpret Sharia. Sunnis follow the Kutub al-Sittah; Shias follow the Kutub al-Arba'a; Ibadis follow Tartib al-Musnad. Hadiths attributed to Abu Hurairah are the most common hadiths in Sunnism. Unlike the Qur'an, hadiths are not universally accepted by Muslims; some Muslims claim that most hadiths are fabrications (pseudepigrapha) created in the 8th and 9th century AD, and which are falsely attributed to Muhammad.
Meaning
The word hadith means something new or a piece of information. The religious meaning of hadith is a statement, action or approval attributed to the prophet of Islam, Muhammad. Therefore, hadith can be divided into three categories based upon their content:
An attributed statement of the Prophet
An attributed action of the Prophet
An attribution of the Prophet's approval of an action done by other than him
History
After Prophet Muhammad died, Muslim scholars wrote down stories about what he had said and done. They also wrote down facts about who told each story. Some of the stories were retold many times before they were written down, and some stories did not agree in every detail resulting in the detailed study of hadith by scholars to compare between those hadith.
Muslim scholars collected all of these Hadith in books and compared them to each other. They decided which Hadith were most likely to be true records of the Sunnah, that is, the words and actions of Muhammad. Muslims see the Sunnah as an important source of guidance, along with the Qur'an. Islam is the complete religion so nothing could be changed about it. It gives a complete code of life.
Historically, not all Muslims believed in the hadiths. For example, Mu'tazilites rejected the hadiths as the basis for Islamic law, while at the same time accepting the Sunnah and ijma. For Mu'tazilites, the basic argument for rejecting the hadiths was that "since its essence is transmission by individuals, [it] cannot be a sure avenue of our knowledge about the Prophetic teaching unlike the Qur'an about whose transmission there is a universal unanimity among Muslims". Further, those who claim to obey the Qur'an alone while rejecting external sources such as the hadiths and the previous revelations are known as "Qur'anists".
Related pages
Quranism
References
Further reading
Islamic terminology
Arabic words and phrases
Cultural depictions of Muhammad
AC Ajaccio

A.C. Ajaccio ( Athletic Club Ajaccio) is a French association football club from the city of Ajaccio on the island of Corsica. They play in Ligue 1, the highest level in French football.
Players
Current squad
References
French football clubs
1910 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in France
Solomon Efimovich Shulman

Solomon Efimovich Shulman (January 20, 1936 - September 6, 2017), also known as Sol Shulman and Semion Shulman, was a Belarusian author, screenwriter, movie director and adventurer. He was the writer of more than forty documentary movies, five feature movie scripts, plus a host of literary and publicist works, published in many countries worldwide. His best known book was Power and Destiny. His movies include In Broad Daylight, On the Slopes of Elbruce and In Ancient Khiv.
Shulman died on September 6, 2017 in Melbourne, Australia of heart failure, aged 81.
References
1936 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Belarusian writers
Screenwriters
Movie directors
Straffan

Straffan () is a village in County Kildare, Ireland on the banks of the River Liffey, 25 km upstream of the Irish capital Dublin.
With a population (according to the census of 2006) of 439 - an increase since 2002 of 32.2% - Straffan is the 31st most populous centre in County Kildare.
Other websites
Development Plan
Local area plan
Straffan Steam Museum Website
Villages in Ireland
County Kildare
John Baxter (footballer)

John Baxter (15 October 1936 - 12 December 2014) was a Scottish footballer. He played as a wing half for Hibernian, Falkirk and Clydebank during the 1950s and 1960s.
He was capped once by Scotland at under-23 level. He played for Hibs in the 1958 Scottish Cup Final, which Hibs lost 1-0 to Clyde.
Baxter died in December 2014, aged 78.
References
1936 births
2014 deaths
Footballers from Glasgow
Roerdalen

Roerdalen is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 20,615 people lived there.
References
1991 establishments in the Netherlands
Municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Chippis

Chippis is a municipality of the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Valais
Watchet

Watchet is a harbor town in the county of Somerset in England. It gets its name either from the blue wacet dye found in the cliffs, or from British gwo coed or waeced, "under the wood".
History
It is first recorded in the 7th century, when Saint Decuman crossed over from South Wales on a raft with a cow to help the people there. Legend says he was killed there by a violent man who cut off his head. There is a spring of water dedicated to him there.
Coins were minted here for Ethelred II and five other Saxon kings. They have been found as far away as Scandinavia, probably because they were part of the Danegeld - payments made to the Vikings, who attacked Watchet in 918, 977, 988, and destroyed part of it in 997. Harold Godwinson's mother Eleanor fled through this port in 1066.
Watchet is the only place in England to still have the Court leet system, but only in name, with people chosen for ceremonial jobs like port reeve and ale taster.
Other websites
Watchet's rich heritage
Somerset Urban Archaeological Survey
Watchet
Towns in Somerset
Imre Varga

Imre Varga (1 November 1923 - 9 December 2019) was a Hungarian sculptor, painter, designer and graphic artist. He was thought of as one of Hungary's most important living artists,
and he has been called one of the "most skilled sculptors in Hungary." He was born in Siofok, Hungary. His best known works were the Statue of Raoul Wallenberg in Tel Aviv and the Holocaust memorial at the Dohany Street Synagogue in Budapest.
Varga died in Budapest on 9 December 2019 at the age of 96.
References
1923 births
2019 deaths
Sculptors
Hungarian painters
People from Budapest
Vaigai River

The Vaigai River is a river that starts flowing from Varusanadu Hills, Periyar plateau of the Western Ghats range. This river flows east towards Tamil Nadu. The Vaigai river produces the Vattaparai Falls. The city of Madurai lies on the banks of this river. The river empties into the Palk strait in the Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu.
Length
The Vaigai river flows for 256km (160mi). The area of the drainage basin of Vaigai is 7036 square kilometers.
Tributaries
The tributaries of Vaigai are Suruli River, Mullaiyaar River, Varaha River and Manjal River. The Kirudhumal River joins Vaigai river in Theni district. The water of Periyar river is diverted or turned to Vaigai.
Reference
Rivers of Tamil Nadu
Lexington, Kentucky

Lexington is the second largest city in Kentucky. In 2010, 295,803 people live there. It is called "the Horse Capital of the World".
History
Lexington was first named by a party of Virginians who camped here in June, 1775, after they heard the news about the Battle of Lexington, Massachusetts in April of that year starting the American Revolution against the British government. A fort was begun at the same spot in 1779, and by 1782 there was a town here known as Lexington, Virginia. This is because Kentucky was still part of Virginia then, and was not made into a state of its own until 1792.
References
County seats in Kentucky
1782 establishments in North America
1780s establishments in Virginia
2017–18 UEFA Champions League

The 2017-18 UEFA Champions League was the 63rd season of Europe's top club football tournament run by UEFA. It is the 26th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League.
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Group G
Group H
Knockout stage
Qualified teams
Round of 16
The first legs were played on 13, 14, 20 and 21 February, and the second legs were played on 6, 7, 13 and 14 March 2018.
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Quarter-finals
The first legs were played on 3 and 4 April, and the second legs were played on 10 and 11 April 2018.
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Semi-finals
The first legs were played on 24 and 25 April, and the second legs were played on 1 and 2 May 2018.
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Final
The final was played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev on 26 May 2018. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw.
Statistics
Statistics exclude qualifying rounds and play-off round.
Top goalscorers
Top assists
Squad of the Season
The UEFA technical study group selected the following 18 players as the squad of the tournament.
References
Other websites
UEFA Champions League (official website)
2017-18
Europe
2018 in association football
Robert P. Hollenbeck

Robert P. Hollenbeck Sr. (November 5, 1931 - September 5, 2021) was an American Democratic Party politician. He was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1974 until 1986. Hollenbeck was born in Carlstadt, New Jersey. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
Hollenbeck died on September 5, 2021 in Barnegat Township, New Jersey at the age of 89.
References
1931 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from New Jersey
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Frank Hargrove

Frank DuVal Hargrove, Sr. (January 26, 1927 - October 16, 2021) was an American Republican politician. From 1982 to 2010, he was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates. Hargrove was born in Hanover County, Virginia.
Hargrove died on October 16, 2021 in Ashland, Virginia at the age of 94.
References
1927 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Virginia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Sergei Furgal

Sergei Ivanovich Furgal ( (pronounced foor-GAHL); born 12 February 1970) is a Russian politician. He was Governor of Khabarovsk Krai from 28 September 2018 until 20 July 2020. He was arrested on 9 July 2020.
Furgal was also a member of the State Duma from 2007 to 2018. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.
On 9 July 2020, Furgal was arrested by authorities on charges of involvement in multiple murders of several businessmen in the region and nearby territories in 2004 and 2005. He could face life in prison if convicted.
References
1970 births
Living people
Russian politicians
In the Heat of the Night (Pat Benatar album)

In the Heat of the Night is the debut album by Pat Benatar and was released on 27 August, 1979 through Chrysalis Records. It went to number 12 in the United States and number 3 in Canada.
Track listing
References
1979 albums
Pat Benatar albums
James F. Starbuck

James F. Starbuck (September 5, 1816 in Scipio, Cayuga County, New York - December 11, 1880) was an American lawyer and politician.
Life
Starbuck was born on September 5, 1816 in Scipio, New York. He attended Western Reserve College in 1836. He moved to Watertown, New York in 1839. Starbuck was admitted to the bar in 1844, and practiced in Watertown.
Starbuck was a secretary for the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1846. Starbuck was District Attorney of Jefferson County from 1850 to 1854.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (18th D.) in 1876 and 1877. Starbuck died on December 11, 1880.
References
Lawyers from New York (state)
Politicians from New York (state)
1816 births
1880 deaths
United States senators from New York (state)
Walpole

Walpole is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 215 people living in Walpole.
References
GENUKI
Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Suffolk Coastal
Leon Ware

Leon Ware (February 16, 1940 - February 23, 2017) was an American music artist, songwriter and composer. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.
Besides a solo career as a performer, Ware was best known for producing hits for other artists including Michael Jackson, Quincy Jones, Maxwell, Minnie Riperton and Marvin Gaye. He was known for co-producing the latter's album and the song I Want You.
Ware died on February 23, 2017 from complications of prostate cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 77.
References
Other websites
Artist page at Soul Walking
Brief profile of Leon Ware mentions childhood blindness and attending same school as Stevie Wonder
Leon Ware interview by Dan Dodds at Soul Jones
Leon Ware 2012 Interview at Soulinterviews.com
1940 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
American songwriters
American composers
Writers from Detroit
Clearest Blue

"Clearest Blue" is a 2015 song by the Scottish synth-pop band Chvrches. It is the second single from their second studio album Every Open Eye which was released in 2015.
References
2015 songs
Chvrches songs
Marquee

A marquee is a large tent used for hosting events in.
Buildings and structures
Thomas Linley the elder

Thomas Linley (born Badminton, Gloucestershire, England, 17 January 1733; died London 19 November 1795), was an English composer, harpsichordist and singing teacher. He studied with Thomas Chilcot, organist of Bath Abbey, and later with William Boyce and possibly also with Paradies, the Italian harpsichordist who had come to live in England.
He soon became well known as a singing teacher and composed a lot of music for the Drury Lane theatre, London.
He married a girl called Mary Johnson and the couple had twelve children. Several of them were gifted musicians, especially Thomas who died at the age of 22 in a boating accident.
Thomas Linley was chosen to be a member of the Royal Society of Musicians in 1777. He is buried in Wells Cathedral.
References
New Groves Dictionary of Music&Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; London 1980;
1733 births
1795 deaths
English composers
Musicians from Gloucestershire
Sumpter, Oregon

Sumpter is a city in Baker County, Oregon, United States.
Cities in Oregon
Davide Garbolino

Davide Garbolino (1968) is an italian voice actor.
He voiced many young characters in fiction as Ash Ketchum from Pokemon and Nobita Nobi from Doraemon.
Italian voice actors
1968 births
Bhimbetka rock shelters

The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site of the Paleolithic. They are the earliest traces of human life on the Indian Subcontinent, and the beginning of the Indian Stone Age. Here are many beautiful drawn drawings by the Stone Age people. There you can see some drawings of people who are hunting.
Madhya Pradesh
Woolpit

Woolpit is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 1,968 people living in Woolpit.
References
Mid Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Cleburne, Texas

Cleburne is a city and county seat of Johnson County, Texas, United States. At the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 29,377. The city is named after Patrick Cleburne, a Confederate General. Lake Pat Cleburne, the reservoir that provides water to the city and surrounding area, is also named after Pat Cleburne.
References
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Susan Kohner

Susanna "Susan" Kohner (born November 11, 1936) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Sarah Jane in Imitation of Life (1959), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award and won a Golden Globe award.
References
Other websites
Susan Kohner at Internet Off-Broadway Database
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1936 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Mystique (character)

Mystique is a Marvel Comics supervillain/superheroine/antiheroine and mutant created by Chris Claremont in 1978. She can change her appearance to any other human or mutant.
Fictional biography
It is not known how old Mystique is.
Portrayals
Mystique has been played by Rebecca Romjin and Jennifer Lawrence in the movie series.
Fictional characters introduced in the 1970s
Fictional bisexual females
Marvel Comics mutants
Marvel Comics superheroes
Marvel Comics supervillains
Carme Forcadell

Maria Carme Forcadell i Lluis (born 29 May 1955) is a Catalan politician. She was the president of the Parliament of Catalonia (2015-2018). She was the Councilor of Sabadell City Council (2003-2007), and president of the Catalan National Assembly (2012-2015).
Life
Carme Forcadell was born in 1956 in Xerta, a small village in Baix Ebre, on the coast of southern Catalonia, Spain. She studied philosophy and journalism at the Universitat Autonoma, and received a master's degree in Catalan philology. She worked as a teacher in the city of Sabadell, where she met her husband, a computer specialist. They have two children.
Work
Forcadell entered politics in 1999, when she joined the ERC (Esquerra Republicana). In 2003 she became councilor of the municipal government of Sabadell, led by mayor Manuel Bustos. Later, she became the president of the Catalan National Assembly.
Forcadell was speaker of the Catalan Parliament from 2015 until after the 2017 election. As a result of the Catalan campaign for independence and the referendum held on October 1st, 2017, she was put in the Spanish prison of Alcala-Mecoprison.
In July 2018 she was transferred to the Mas d'Enric prison near Tarragona in Catalonia. She was escorted by the Catalan police Mossos d'Esquadra, under the control of the Catalan government. Crowds formed a human chain on the road leading to the prison and covered the fences with yellow ribbons. The prison has green rooftops, large courtyards, and a view of the nearby forests and mountains. It was designed by architects AiB Estudi d'Arquitectes and Estudi PSP Arquitectura to create a "non-oppressive environment".
References
Other websites
1955 births
Living people
Political prisoners
Politicians from Catalonia
Linguists
Taorem

Taorem is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
References
Meitei surnames
High Line

The High Line is a 1.45-mile-long elevated linear park on an abandoned New York Central Railroad.
Other websites
Official website
A Tour of the Lively Architecture Surrounding the High Line
New York City
Parks in the United States
Trails of the United States
List of U.S. states and territories by area

This is a complete list of the U.S. states, federal district, and its major territories ordered by total area, land area, and water area.
References
Notes
Geography of the United States
Area, List of U.S. states and territories by
S/2003 J 12

is a moon of Jupiter, and is one of the smallest known. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003.
is about 1 kilometre in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 17,740,000 km in 482.691 days, at an inclination of 143deg to the ecliptic (143deg to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.4449.
It is the closest of the farther non-spherical retrograde moons of Jupiter, and does not seem to belong to any group.
References
Jupiter's moons
Ledbury

Ledbury is a small town in Herefordshire. The well known poet John Masefield comes from here.
Towns in Herefordshire
Cosmogony

Cosmogony is any theory of the origin of the universe.
Examples
Physics
In astronomy, cosmogony is the study of the origin of things like the universe, the Solar System, or the Earth-Moon system. The popular cosmological model for the birth of the universe is the Big Bang theory.
It is generally accepted that the universe began as a singularity, and when the singularity of the universe started to expand, the Big Bang occurred, which began the universe.
People disagree on the origins of the singularity.
It may be like a black hole, which is a singularity sincegravity in a black hole becomes boundless.
Others like Stephen Hawking say "time" did not exist and was only born with the universe. Hence the universe does not have an origin story. Time did not exist before the creation of the universe.
There is currently no theoretical model that explains the earliest moments of the universe's existence (during the Planck time). This is because we lack a testable theory of quantum gravity. Still, some researchers in string theory, M theory, and loop quantum cosmology have some ideas.
Mythology
There are certain myths that also propose how the universe was created: for example creation myths in the Bible, the Dao De Jing, and other genesis stories. These usually involve
a supreme being or god
birth via sex between male and female gods
or birth via the cosmic egg
The Eridu Genesis, written on Sumerian tablets, is one of the oldest creation myths. The universe was created from a sea (Abzu). In Greek mythology, Zeus created the universe from chaos. Aztec creation has four versions of earth being created and destroyed, before settling the fifth and current earth. In Bushongo creation, the great god Bumba vomited up the sun, then the earth and everything else.
It is not the same as cosmology
Cosmology studies the universe in general. You can still study the universe without thinking about its origin, which is what cosmonogy studies specifically.
References
Universe
Creation myths
Pages with unreviewed translations
Cosmology
Heard County, Georgia

Heard County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 11,412 people lived there. The county seat is Franklin.
References
1830s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1830 establishments in the United States
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Kortenberg

Kortenberg is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 18424 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 53 North, 04deg 32 East.
References
Municipalities of Flemish Brabant
Darlington, Missouri

Darlington is a city in Gentry County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Berkley, Massachusetts

Berkley is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Mantua, Utah

Mantua is a town in Box Elder County, Utah, United States.
Towns in Utah