pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
P-type semiconductor

A P-type semiconductor is a type of semiconductor. When a trivalent impurity (like Boron, Aluminum etc.) is added to an intrinsic or pure semiconductor (silicon or germanium), it is said to be a p-type semiconductor. Trivalent impurities such as boron (B), gallium (Ga), indium (In), aluminum (Al) etc. are called acceptor impurity. Ordinary semiconductors are made of materials that do not conduct (or carry) an electric current very well but are not highly resistant to doing so either, metalloids, such as Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), and a few other element commonly used for the main body of semiconductors. They fall halfway between conductors and insulators and can be . An electric current occurs when electrons move through a material. In order to move, there must be an electron hole in the material for the electron to move into. A p-type semiconductor has more holes than electrons. This allows the current to flow along the material from hole to hole but only in one direction.
Semiconductors are most often made from silicon. Silicon is an element with four electrons in its outer shell. To make a p-type semiconductor, extra materials like boron or aluminum are added to the silicon. These materials have only three electrons in their outer shell. When the extra material replaces some of the silicon it leaves a hole where the fourth electron would have been if the semiconductor was pure silicon.
P-type semiconductors are doped with acceptors since they can accept electrons while N-type semiconductors are doped with donors since they 'donate' the free electrons. PN junctions such as diodes rely on the diffusion of electrons from N-type semiconductors to P-type semiconductors to function, only permitting current in one direction.
Manufacture
P-type semiconductors are made by doping the pure semiconductor material. The amount of impurity added is very small compared to the amount of semiconductor. The exact character of the semiconductor can be changed by varying the amount of dopant that is added. In p-type semiconductors the number of holes is much higher than that of thermally generated electrons.
Related pages
Semiconductor
N-type semiconductor
Other websites
The Doping of Semiconductors - Hyperphysics
PN Junction Theory - Electronics Tutorials
Electronic components
Douvres

Douvres is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Communes in Ain
Davis, Illinois

Davis is a village in Illinois in the United States. Most people in Davis own their houses, rather than rent housing.
References
Villages in Illinois
Omar Haji Saad

Omar Haji Saad is a retired cyclist from Malaysia. Saad competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 12 October 1949.
References
Other websites
1949 births
Living people
Malaysian cyclists
Malaysian Olympians
François Boucher

Francois Boucher (29 September 1703 in Paris - 30 May 1770) was a French painter, mostly known as one of the main artists of the French rococo movement. He painted several portraits of his patroness, Madame de Pompadour. He is also known for his open-minded voluptuous paintings.
Gallery of selected works
Related pages
List of French painters
French painters
1703 births
1770 deaths
Laurie Mithen

Lawrence Sidney Mithen (born 15 April 1934) is an Australian rules footballer. He played for Melbourne in the VFL from 1954 until 1962. Mithen was born in Melbourne, Australia. He played for Claremont Football Club in the WAFL in 1966 and 1967 for a total of 34 games.
References
1934 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Obfelden

Obfelden is a municipality of the district of Affoltern in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Zurich
Tivoli, New York

Tivoli is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Villages in New York (state)
Dutchess County, New York
Yisa Sofoluwe

Yisa Sofoluwe (28 December 1967 - 9 February 2021) was a Nigerian professional footballer. He played as a defender. He won 40 caps and scored one goal for his country.
Sofoluwe died of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria on 9 February 2021, at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). He was aged 53 years.
References
1967 births
2021 deaths
Nigerian footballers
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Gorden Kaye

Gordon Fitzgerald Kaye, known professionally as Gorden Kaye (7 April 1941 - 23 January 2017) was a BAFTA-nominated English comic actor. He was best known for playing Rene Artois in the British TV comedy series %27Allo %27Allo!. He also was the roadie for Alberto y Lost Trios Paranoias.
Kaye was born in Huddersfield, West Riding of Yorkshire. When young, Kaye played rugby league for Moldgreen ARLFC before studying at King James's Grammar School, Almondbury, Huddersfield. Kaye died under hospice care in England on 23 January 2017, aged 75.
References
Other websites
Gorden Kaye at bfi.com
1941 births
2017 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English comedians
Actors from Yorkshire
People from Huddersfield
José Figueres Ferrer

Jose Maria Hipolito Figueres Ferrer (September 25, 1906 - June 8, 1990) was president of Costa Rica three times. He was also the rebel leader during the Costa Rican civil war.
Early years
Also known as Don Pepe, Jose Figueres Ferrer was born in San Ramon, Alajuela, Costa Rica. His parents were from Cataluna, Spain: Mariano Rodriguez Borges and Francisca Ferrer Mendiola. Figueres entered the Primary Boys School in San Ramon of Alajuela in 1913. He got in Costa Rica's Lyceum finishing his Secondary studies in 1920. He went to Boston, United States to travel and study. He returned to Costa Rica in 1928 and bought a coffee farm.
Civil war
In 1942, Figueres made a speech on Latin America Radio. In this speech, he objected to the situation in Costa Rica under president Rafael Angel Calderon. Because of this speech, he was arrested and forced to leave the country. Figueres return to Costa Rica in 1944. He started a political party, the Democratic Party. A main goal of the party was to go against Calderon's party, the National Republican Party. In 1948, supporters of Calderon caused problems with an election for president in which Calderon lost to Otilio Ulate. Because of this, the results of the election were not used. This led to the start of the civil war in 1948. In March 11, 1948, Don Pepe began a war to support the peoples decision at the previous election. Figueres and his troops won.
President of Costa Rica
In the same year, Jose Figueres Ferrer became president of the Second Republic Founder Assembly. He became president of Costa Rica for the first time and eliminated the Costa Rica army. He became President of Costa Rica for the second time in 1953 winning the election with 65% of the votes. In 1970, he became Costa Rica's President for the third time. Figueres died June 8, 1990. Five months later he was declared Benemerito de la Patria.
Achievements
In the 1953-1958 administration, very important institutions are created. These included:
Living and Urbanism National Institute (INVU).
Costarrican Turism Institute (ICT).
He promulgated the Production National Council Organism Law (CNP).
During his last administration (1970-1974) a lot of institutes were created such as:
Municipal Foment and Consultancy Institute (IFAM).
Costa Rica's Technological Institute (ITCR).
Costa Rica's National College.
Culture, Youth and Sports Ministry.
1906 births
1990 deaths
Presidents of Costa Rica
Sean Stone

Sean Ali Stone (born 1984) is an American movie director, producer, cinematographer, screenwriter and actor. He is the elder son of Oliver Stone.
Filmography
As actor
Salvador (1986) as Boyle's Baby
Wall Street (1987) as Rudy Gekko
Born on the Fourth of July (1989) as Young Jimmy Kovic
JFK (1991) as Jasper Garrison
The Doors (1991) as Young Jim Morrison
Heaven & Earth (1993)Natural Born Killers (1994) as KevinNixon (1995) (1997) as Donald Nixon
U Turn (1997)
Any Given Sunday (1999)
Fighting Against Time: Oliver Stone's Alexander (2005) himself as narrator
Resurrecting Alexander (2005) himself as narrator
Perfect Is the Enemy of Good (2005) himself as narrator
W. (2008)
Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010)
Nevo (2011) as Stephan
Graystone (2011) as Sean
American Road (2011) as Jack Kerouac
Don't Pass Me By (2012) as Josh Malek
As director, producer, cinematographer, screenwriter
Fighting Against Time: Oliver Stone's Alexander (2005) (as qriter, producer, director, cinematographer)
The Death of Alexander (2005) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
Resurrecting Alexander (2005) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
Perfect Is the Enemy of Good (2005) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
Nuremberg: A Vision Restored (2007) (as producer, director, cinematographer)
Singularity (2008) (as writer, producer, director)
Graystone (2011) (as writer, director)
References
Other websites
1984 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American movie producers
American Muslims
Movie directors from New York (state)
Addison, Michigan

Addison is a village in Lenawee County of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 605 at the 2010 census.
References
Villages in Michigan
Close-mid back rounded vowel

The close-mid back rounded vowel is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Vowels
Austin Asche

Keith John Austin Asche, AC, QC (born 28 November 1925) is an Australian politician. He was born in Melbourne. He served as Administrator of the Northern Territory from 1993 through 1997. He was the third Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory serving from 1986 through 1987.
Asche was appointed a Knight of the Order of St. John in 1993 and made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1994. He was made Honorary Freeman of the City of Darwin in 2007.
References
1925 births
Living people
Administrators of the Northern Territory
Australian judges
Politicians from Melbourne
Rapid Fire (1992 movie)

Rapid Fire is a 1992 American action movie directed by Dwight H. Little and starring Brandon Lee, Powers Boothe, Nick Mancuso. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1992 action movies
1990s American action movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Dwight H. Little
James Lawson

James Morris Lawson, Jr. (born September 22, 1928) is an American activist and university professor. He was a leading peaceful activist within the Civil Rights Movement. During the 1960s, he served as a mentor to the Nashville Student Movement and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
References
Other websites
"The Rev. James Lawson: An Advocate of Peaceful Change" - an interview on National Public Radio
1928 births
Living people
American civil rights activists
Educators from Pennsylvania
Writers from Pennsylvania
American human rights activists
American philanthropists
Christian writers
Nonviolence advocates
Tape drive

A tape drive or streamer is a component that is often attached to a computer. It is used to write data to magnetic tape or to read data from it. Usually people use it to do backups. Tape drives are different from hard drives in that the access to the data is sequential (in order). This means to read a certain part of data, all the data before it needs to be read as well. Also tape drives are slow, compared to hard drives. Current capacities range from tens of gigabytes to almost a terabyte, per cartridge.
Storage devices
Cordele, Georgia

Cordele is a city in Crisp County, Georgia, United States. The population was 11,147 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Crisp County.
References
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Carbon paper

Carbon paper is a special kind of paper that can be used for copying. On one side, the paper is coated with dry ink, which is usually bound with a kind of wax. It is usually put between two sheets of paper. When pressure is applied from the first sheet, some ink is transferred to the second one.The copy that is produced that way is called carbon copy. Because it relies on pressure, the technique is limited to only four or five copies.
Paper
Aldgate tube station

Aldgate tube station is a London Underground station at Aldgate in the City of London.
The station is on the Circle Line between Tower Hill and Liverpool Street. It is also the eastern terminus of the Metropolitan line. It is in Travelcard Zone 1, and its ticket office is part-time only.
Platforms 1 and 4 at Aldgate are two of the only three platforms on the network to be served exclusively by the Circle Line (the other being Platform 2 at Gloucester Road). All other Circle Line platforms are shared by the District, Metropolitan and/or Hammersmith & City Lines.
In literature
Aldgate tube station is important in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans.
In the story, Cadogan West is found dead on the tracks near the station. We later know that the body was placed on top of the train before its arrival at the station.
Gallery
Related pages
List of London Underground stations
References
Circle line stations
Metropolitan line stations
Tube stations in the City of London
BMW i3

The BMW i3 was made in Germany 2013. The car has 181 horsepower.The BMW i3 has 4 seats. The BMW i3 is electric which helps the environment. The top range for a BMW i3 is PS41,315. Bayerische Motoren is the creator of the popular BMW i3.
The top range for a BMW i3 with full battery is 231 miles. They have sold over 43,722 from 2014 to 2021. The top speed for a BMW i3 is 93.21 to 99.42mph. It has 260 litres of luggage. The colours are black, orange, grey,white,red,blue and beige. The crash was 86% for adults and for kids 57%.
i3
Pitman arm

The Pitman arm is a part used in automobiles, trucks, SUVs and other vehicles to steer the wheels. When the steering wheel is turned right or left the pitman transmits the motion it receives from the steering gearbox to the tie rod. A "drop pitman arm" is used to correct the steering when a vehicle has a suspension lift.
References
Auto parts
Cotton mill

A cotton mill is a building with spinning or weaving machinery to make yarn or cloth from cotton. Cotton mills were among the early factories in the Industrial Revolution.
Some of the earliest mills were driven by animals. Most early mills were built by rivers and streams using water wheels for power. Boulton and Watt started making powerful steam engines in1781. This led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills in mill towns, like Manchester and Salford which had more than 50 mills by 1802.
The new jobs in the mills pulled people in from country areas and made the towns and cities grow. At first they often employed children. That was stopped by the Factory Acts. Many of the first mills were in Lancashire but they spread to the rest of the world. In 1860, there were 2650 cotton mills in Lancashire, employing 440,000 people.
In the twentieth century the mills changed to electric power. Many of them closed and those which are still working are mostly automated, with many fewer workers. Many of the large buildings are still standing.
References
Industries
Park Tower

Park Tower is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 257 meters (844 feet) tall and has 67 floors. It was built in 2000 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world
Related pages
List of tallest buildings in Chicago
List of tallest buildings in the world
Other websites
Emporis.com - Park Tower
SkycraperPage.com - Park Tower
Skyscrapers in Chicago
2000 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Illinois
Wiry-au-Mont

Wiry-au-Mont is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Niederschönenfeld

Niederschonenfeld is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Since 2002, the mayor has been Peter Mahl.
References
Donau-Ries
Malabo

Malabo is the capital city of Equatorial Guinea. It is on the northern coast of Bioko Island. The number of people living there has grown quickly over the past ten years to about 100,000.
Notable buildings in Malabo include Malabo Cathedral and the Malabo Court Building. The city is served by Malabo International Airport, while ferries sail from its port to Douala and Bata.
History
The city was first founded by the British in 1827. They paid Spain for use of the island during colonial times. The British named the city Port Clarence. It was used as a naval station help stop the slave trade. Many newly freed slaves settled there before the creation of Sierra Leone as a colony for freed slaves. While many of them later moved to Sierra Leone.
When the island returned to Spanish control, Malabo was renamed Santa Isabel. It replaced the town of Bata as the capital of the country in 1969. The city was renamed Malabo in 1973 because President Francisco Macias Nguema wanted to replace European place names with "authentic" African ones.
References
National capitals in Africa
Geography of Equatorial Guinea
She Stoops to Conquer

She Stoops to Conquer is a play by Oliver Goldsmith. It is a comedy. It opened on 15 March 1773 in London, England at Covent Garden Theatre. It was a great success. Like The School for Scandal and The Importance of Being Earnest, She Stoops to Conquer is a staple of classic English theatre.
The play displays the comical elements in every Englishman, especially of those who are hardly aware of their humour.
18th-century plays
1773
1770s works
British plays
Dexter's Laboratory: Deesaster Strikes!

Dexter's Laboratory: Deesaster Strikes! is an 2001 action-adventure video game for the Game Boy Advance based on the Cartoon Network animated series Dexter's Laboratory. It was released in North America on September 26, 2001, and in the PAL region on November 2, 2001.
Plot
Dexter's sister Dee Dee goes into Dexter's clone machine and create dozens of copies of herself. Dexter has to catch all of the clones and fix all of the machines that they broke. While Dexter tries to catch all of the clones, he has to fight monsters and robots. There are 70 levels and 8 areas.
Reception
Clarence Worley of Game Over Online Magazine said that the game is entertaining, but that the design is plain. A GameZone review said that the game is well made and has excellent graphics.
References
2001 video games
Game Boy Advance games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Nocera Inferiore

Nocera Inferiore, is a town and comune in Campania, Italy, in the province of Salerno, at the foot of Monte Albino, 20 km east-south-east of Naples by rail, . above sea-level.
Nuceria Alfaterna appears to have been the chief town in the valley of the Sarnus, Herculaneum, Pompeii, Stabiae and Surrentum all being dependent upon it.
Hannibal destroyed the town in 216.
In 1385 Pope Urban VI was besieged in the castle of Charles of Durazzo.
At Nocera had sped a big part of they life the painter Francesco Solimena, and the writers Jacopo Sannazzaro and Domenico Rea.
Is the birthplace of the footballers Simone Barone and Raffaele De Martino.
Originally from Nocera are the parents of Italian American Warren Cuccurullo and Mario Cuomo.
References
Towns in Italy
Settlements in Campania
Softwood

Softwood is wood that comes from gymnosperm trees. These are conifers, a term which includes most evergreen and deciduous trees.
Softwood makes up about 80% of the world's production of lumber. Traditional production areas include North America, Scandinavia, Baltic countries and China. The opposite of softwood is hardwood, which is wood that comes from angiosperm trees. Softwoods are not always softer than hardwoods. Both groups include a variety of wood types that vary in actual hardness. For example balsa is a hardwood but is softer than most softwoods. Douglas fir, a softwood, is much harder than many hardwoods.
References
Jane F.W. 1970. The structure of wood. 2nd ed, edited by K. Wilson & D.J.B. White. London: Adam & Charles Black. ISBN 9780713609127
Wood
Neufchâtel

Neufchatel is a French cheese product from Neufchatel-en-Bray, in Seine-Maritime, Normandy. It generally takes the form of a heart or a small brick. It has a salty taste, and a similar texture to Camembert cheese. It is made from unpasteurized cow's milk. This cheese is protected by an Appellation d'origine controlee - meaning that no other area can claim to make it.
French cheeses
Seine-Maritime
Citizens band radio

Citizens band radio (also known as CB radio) is, in many countries, a system of short-distance radio communications between individuals on a selection of 40 channels within the 27 MHz (11 m) band. Citizens band not the same as the Amateur Radio Service ("ham" radio) which has a much longer range. In many countries, CB operation does not require a license to operate. It may be used for business or personal communications.
Like many other two-way radio services, citizens band channels are shared by many users. Only one station may transmit at a time. All other stations must listen and wait for the shared channel to be available. It is customary for stations waiting to use a shared channel to broadcast the single word "break" (or "breaker") during a lull in the conversation. This lets other people using the channel know that others are waiting. In the US, channel 19 is most often used by truckers. Channel 9 is reserved for emergencies.
History
The citizens band radio service originated in the United States as one of several personal radio services regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). These services began in 1945 to permit citizens a radio band for personal communication. In 1948, the original CB radios were designed for operation on the 460-470 MHz UHF band. There were two classes of CB radio: "A" and "B". Class B radios had simpler technical requirements, and were limited to a smaller frequency range.
Al Gross established the Citizens Radio Corporation during the late 1940s to manufacture Class B handhelds for the general public. In the 1960s it became popular with taxicab companies to communicate with their drivers. In the 1970s it became popular with truckers, who
began using it to warn other truck drivers of police speedtraps. Other drivers soon used CB radios, and the CB jargon of truckers was used in several movies.
Ten codes
When CB radios first started a series of "10 codes" were used. This was due to the early CB radios need to warm up before use. The 10 codes were used as a shortcut to longer standard messages. A few of the more often used codes are:
10-4 (ten-four) meant message received.
10-9 (ten-nine) meant please repeat your last message.
10-10 (ten-ten), transmission complete, standing by.
10-17 (ten-seventeen), urgent business.
10-20 (ten-twenty) means your location. Often shortened to "what is your 20?"
10-27 (ten-twenty seven) I am moving to channel .
10-200 (ten-two hundred) means police are needed at .
United States
Today it remains popular with truck drivers. It is used in rural areas by a wide variety of people and businesses where cellphone service is weak or unreliable. CB radios are also used by off-roaders to communicate between drivers in a group of four-wheel drive vehicles. It is used to warn drivers of various trail conditions, hazards, and delays.
Other countries
CB radio is used as a system of short-distance communications between people in many countries. Nearly all use a system of 40 channels in the 27 megahertz or 11 meter band.
References
Other websites
How to Operate a CB Radio
List of 10 codes
Radio Codes and How to Operate a CB Radio
Radio
Adam Goodes

Adam Roy Goodes (born 8 January 1980) is a former professional Australian rules footballer. He played for the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL). He won two Brownlow Medals (2003 and 2006) and two premierships (2005 and 2016). He has played more VFL/AFL games than any other Indigenous player at 372. He is also known for his community work through the GO Foundation and advocacy against racism. Goodes was named Australian of the Year in 2014.
Goodes was born in Wallaroo, South Australia. His father is of English, Irish and Scottish ancestry, and his mother is an Indigenous Australian (Adnyamathanha and Narungga). From the age of four, he was raised by his mother. He grew up in Wallaroo and Adelaide, South Australia, and Merbein, Victoria. His brother, Brett, is also a former Australian rules player. He is married to Natalie Croker.
References
Other websites
GO Foundation
Adam Goodes profile on the official website of the Sydney Swans
1980 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers
Indigenous Australian activists
Indigenous Australian sportspeople
Sportspeople from South Australia
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
Griff Rhys Jones

Griffith Rhys Jones (born 16 November 1953) is a Welsh comedian, writer, actor, and television presenter. He starred in a number of television series with his comedy partner, Mel Smith.
Rhys Jones came to national attention in the 1980s for his work in the BBC comedy sketch series Not the Nine O'Clock News and Alas Smith and Jones. With Smith, he co-founded the television production company Talkback Productions. It is now part of RTL Group. In 2005, he created the production company Modern Television.
Rhys Jones also worked as a television presenter and writer while he was acting. From 2008 to 2016, he presented the television bloopers show It'll be Alright on the Night for ITV. He replaced Denis Norden.Norden had hosted the series for almost 30 years. Rhys Jones was replaced in 2018 by David Walliams.
References
1953 births
Living people
Writers from Cardiff
Welsh movie actors
British television presenters
Welsh television actors
Welsh comedians
José López Portillo

Jose Guillermo Abel Lopez Portillo y Pacheco, (; 16 June 1920 - 17 February 2004) was a Mexican lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was the 51st President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982.
References
Presidents of Mexico
1920 births
2004 deaths
Lawyers
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Politicians from Mexico City
Kawasaki Heavy Industries & Nippon Sharyo C751B

Kawasaki Heavy Industries & Nippon Sharyo C751B is the third generation rolling stock used on the Singapore MRT system. The trains operate on the East West Line and North South Line.
The trains began operation on 28 January 2000. They were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Nippon Sharyo. 21 six-carriage trains were built in Japan.
Related pages
Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151
Siemens C651
Kawasaki Heavy Industries & CSR Qingdao Sifang C151A
Kawasaki Heavy Industries & CSR Qingdao Sifang C151B
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)
Rolling stock
Bibbona

Bibbona is a comune in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region of Tuscany. In 2020, 3,209 people lived there.
Settlements in Tuscany
Guthrie, Kentucky

Guthrie is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Châtillon-sur-Lison

Chatillon-sur-Lison is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Bowling Green State University

Bowling Green State University is a public university in Bowling Green, Ohio. The university has about 22,882 students. It was founded in 1910. The current president of the university is Dr. Carol A. Cartwright.
Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Falcons. They have 7 varsity teams for men and 10 for women, most of which compete in the Mid-American Conference. The men's ice hockey team plays in the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, which was re-formed starting with the 2021-22 season by several schools that left the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. Bowling Green had been a member of the first CCHA for that league's entire history (1971-2013).
Other websites
Bowling Green State University's Official website
Bowling Green Falcons' Official athletics website
Mid-American Conference
Central Collegiate Hockey Association
Western Collegiate Hockey Association
Colleges and universities in Ohio
1910 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Ohio
Ralph Nader

Ralph Nader (born February 27, 1934) is an American attorney, politician and political activist. He is best known for working for the rights of consumers, for his third party runs for President of the United States, and for helping George Bush get elected in the 2000 presidential election. He ran for president in 1996, 2000 and 2004, but failed to win. In the 2008 election, Nader placed third overall, with 660,094 votes, or about .38%. Nader was born in Winsted, Connecticut. His parents, Nathra and Rose Nader, were Lebanese immigrants. He is a fluent and native speaker of the Arabic language.
Other websites
The Nader Page (not campaign-related)
Nader/Camejo 2004
Nader's Glitter Opposing view by Thomas Sowell.
References
1934 births
Living people
Politicians from Connecticut
American political activists
The Sexual Revolution

The term Sexual revolution was coined by Wilhelm Reich in his book The Sexual Revolution. That book was first published in 1936 in German, translated into English. The English edition was 1945.
Reich wrote in the book what he saw as wrong, namely the double standard regarding morals in the society of his time. These double standards and the suppression of the sex drive would make people different. This would lead to a buildup of aggressions and frustration. Freeing the sex drive would lead to a peaceful change of society, according to Reich.
Reich dies in prison 1957, but his ideas had their effect in the 1960s when people changed their views about sex. They were more open-minded about it. The publications of people like Alfred Kinsey helped give wings to the movement.
First wave of sexual emancipation
The sexual revolution was prepared by a "first wave" of pioneers who campaigned against the sexual repression which was common in the 19th century. This change began, roughly, at the end of the 19th and start of the 20th century. One impetus came from the pioneers of birth control and family planning. The books and publicity of Marie Stopes in England and Margaret Sanger in the United States, changed the lives of many women.
Attitudes towards homosexuality and masturbation were altered by the publications of Havelock Ellis. Ellis was the first person to say in print that masturbation was normal, and did not cause any medical problems. The ideas of Sigmund Freud were also influential. He believed that people's strong instincts toward sexuality were repressed in order to meet the constraints imposed on them by civilized life.
References
Non-fiction books
Anubias

Anubias is a genus of tropical plants in the family Araceae. Members of this genus are popular as aquarium plants. Because of the often shady places where the plants grow, the genus was named after the Egyptian god Anubis, the god of the afterlife. The genus was first described in 1857 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott, with A. afzelii as its type species. Besides A. afzelii, the genus has the following species: A. barteri, A. gigantea, A. gilletii, A. gracilis, A. hastifolia, A. heterophylla, and A. pynaertii.
References
Maggie Siff

Maggie Siff (born June 21, 1974) is an American actress. She has acted in many television programs and movies. She played Teresa Stowe in the movie Push. Siff was born in The Bronx, New York City.
Actors from New York City
American television actors
American movie actors
1974 births
Living people
Dear John (movie)

Dear John is a 2010 American war drama movie set in Charleston, South Carolina. It stars Channing Tatum and Amanda Seyfried. The movie is about a soldier who falls in love with a college student called Savannah Lynn Curtis.
It is based on the novel of the same name.
2010 drama movies
2010s war movies
American drama movies
American war movies
Autism in fiction
Charleston, South Carolina
English-language movies
Movies based on the September 11 attacks
Movies about autism
Retronym

A retronym is a new name for something that already exists. This is so that people can tell the older thing apart from the newer one.
For example, the name "acoustic guitar" was made to tell them apart from electric guitars. Before electric guitars, acoustic guitars were just called guitars because there were no other kinds of guitars. Therefore, the name "acoustic guitar" is a retronym for the word guitar.
In pop culture, the 1977 movie Star Wars was renamed Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope in 1981, one year after the sequel The Empire Strikes Back came out.
References
Words
Captain Sensible

Raymond Ian Burns (born 24 April 1954), better known by his stage name Captain Sensible, is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist. He co-founded the punk rock band The Damned, first playing bass before switching to guitar. He is best known for a UK number one hit with his cover of "Happy Talk" in 1982. He often wears a red beret and sunglasses.
Burns was born in Balham, London. He is married and has four children.
References
Other websites
1954 births
Living people
British punk musicians
English rock guitarists
Singer-songwriters from London
New wave singers
Truşeni

Truseni is a commune and small city inside Chisinau it is made of 2 small cities, Truseni and Dumbrava. and has around 10,350 people.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Communes
Settlements in Moldova
La Longeville

La Longeville is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Brown Bag Films

Brown Bag Films is an Irish-Canadian-American television channel based in Dublin.
Other websites
Official website
Television channels
Nutcracker Suite

The Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a is a selection of 8 musical numbers Tchaikovsky made from The Nutcracker ballet for a concert performance before the St. Petersburg branch of the Musical Society on March 19, 1892. Every number was acclaimed and repeated, and the suite became an instant hit. The complete ballet was first performed on December 17, 1892. It was not a success. It did not gain any popularity until George Balanchine staged a production in New York City. The suite however was very popular in concert. It was featured in Disney's Fantasia. The Nutcracker Suite should not be mistaken for the complete ballet.
The numbers chosen by Tchaikovsky for The Nutcracker Suite and their sequence within the suite are as follows:
I. Miniature Overture
II. Danses caracteristiques
a. Marche
b. Dance of the Sugar-Plum Fairy [ending altered from ballet-version]
c. Russian Dance (Trepak)
d. Arabian Dance
e. Chinese Dance
f. Reed-Flutes
III. Waltz of the Flowers
References
Compositions by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Suites
Nero (1909 movie)

Nero () is a 1909 Italian silent movie. It stars Alberto Capozzi, Lydia De Roberti, and Mirra Principi. The movie is about the Roman emperor Nero.
Actors
Alberto Capozzi as Nerone
Lydia De Roberti as Poppea
Mirra Principi as Claudia Octavia
Luigi Maggi as Epaphroditus
Ernesto Vaser as a Senator / a Man in the crowd
Ercole Vaser as a Spy
Serafino Vite as a Man in the crowd
Leo Ragusi as a Man in the crowd
Paolo Azzurri as a Senator
References
Other websites
Italian movies
1909 movies
Italian drama movies
Italian silent movies
Movies set in Ancient Rome
Movies set in the 1st century
Gelderner Fleuth

Gelderner Fleuth is a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Niers near Geldern.
Geography of North Rhine-Westphalia
Rivers of Germany
Black Gull

Black Gull () is a 1962 Soviet adventure movie directed by Grigoriy Koltunov. It stars Anatoliy Adoskin, Saida Dadasheva, and Igor Dmitriev.
Actors
Anatoliy Adoskin
Saida Dadasheva as Panchita
Igor Dmitriev
Dzheikhun Dzhamal as Manolo
Aleksei Loktev
Anatoliy Podshivalov as Sardinka
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1962 movies
Soviet adventure movies
Ha Jae-se

Ha Jae-se (He Zai Shi , August 26, 1885-January 28, 1944) was a Confucian and educator of the Korean Empire. It is a direct descendant of Sir. Ha Yeon, who was an able premier and a prime minister during the Sejong the Great period.
Life
He was born from the Confucian scholar's Prestigious family in Jodong of Sacheon city, and his grandfather had already died before he was born, with no influence from his grandfather. Under the guidance of my father, I started learning Confucianism from the age of 7 and completed my study of coming-age.
He suffered various troubles as one of the leaders of the local Confucian society among the rioters and strong points of the Japanese imperialism's occupation after the end of the turbulent period of Joseon Dynasty.
He repudiated the colonial modernization education of the Japanese imperialism until the moment he died, and emphasized the importance of Confucian education. He was a Confucian scholar, and as a "Professor" in the field of Confucianism education, he firmly maintained his attitude to the end.
Direct descendants
Ha Chiho (Zhi Hao )
Ha Hong-sul (Yeong-sul, Hong Shu )
Ha Hong-sun (Sun-mu, Hong Shun )
Ha Seung Moo (Hong-chang, Hong Chang )
Notes
Jin-Yang Hassi Daedongbo (Jin Yang He Shi Da Tong Pu Gan Long Bing Zi Pu ,1756Nian )
Jin-Yang Hassi Daedongbo (Jin Yang He Shi Da Tong Pu Gan Long Ren Chen Pu ,1772Nian )
Jin-Yang Hassi Daedongbo (Jin Yang He Shi Da Tong Pu Gan Long Yi You Pu ,1789Nian )
Jin-Yang Hassi Daedongbo (Jin Yang He Shi Da Tong Pu Dao Guang Wu Zi Pu ,1828Nian )
Jin-Yang Hassi Daedongbo (Jin Yang He Shi Da Tong Pu Xian Feng Ding Si Pu ,1857Nian )
Jin-Yang Hassi Daedongbo (Jin Yang He Shi Da Tong Pu Wu Wu Pu ,1858Nian )
Jin-Yang Hassi Daedongbo (Jin Yang He Shi Da Tong Pu Geng Chen Pu ,1880Nian )
Jin-Yang Hassi Daedongbo (Jin Yang He Shi Da Tong Pu Geng Zi Pu ,1900Nian )
The Person studies of Ha Seung-moo about Ha's Clan (He Cheng Wu yi Jin Yang He Shi Jia Men Ren Wu Yan Jiu (2015Nian )
References
1885 births
1944 deaths
Korean educators
Civil rights activists
Ankarsvik

Ankarsvik is a locality in Sundsvall Municipality in Vasternorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 944 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Vasternorrland County
Muslim Evloev

Muslim Evloev (11 June 1995 - 6 August 2020) was a Russian-Kyrgyzstani freestyle wrestler. He won a gold medal in his event at the Asian Wrestling Championships and at the Islamic Solidarity Games. Evloev was born in Malgobek, Russia.
He was killed in August 2020 during a shoot out in a counter-terrorism operation in Nazran, Russia at the age of 25.
References
1995 births
2020 deaths
Deaths by firearm
Russian sportspeople
Kyrgyzstani people
Wrestlers
Cooperation

Cooperation is when people work together to make their lives better, even though they are free to not work together, and receive little if any money for working together. Organizations made for cooperation are known as cooperatives.
Sociology
Aryeh Gamliel

Aryeh Gamliel (, 11 March 1951 - 6 August 2021) was an Israeli politician and rabbi. He was a member of the Knesset for Shas between 1988 and 2003. Gamliel was born in Beersheba, Israel. From 1996 until 1999, Gamliel was Deputy Minister of Religious Affairs.
Gamliel died on 6 August 2021 in Tel Aviv, aged 71.
References
1951 births
2021 deaths
Israeli rabbis
Israeli politicians
List of current members of the United States House of Representatives

This is a list of all the current members of the United States House of Representatives. There are usually 435 representatives in the House. As of May 31, 2023, 222 representatives are part of the Republican Party, 212 representatives are part of the Democratic Party and 1 seat is vacant. There are also delegates from the United States territories. These delegates cannot vote but can take part in committees and other jobs.
Representatives
As of May 31, 2023:
Delegates
As of January 3, 2023:
References
House of Representatives
United States representatives
Karakucak wrestling

Karakucak wrestling () is a non-oily wrestling specific to Turkish people in Turkey. This wrestling style traces back to the Oghuz Turks. The Men wear pants called "pirpit".These wrestlings are regularly held as Festival Organization in many Citys of Anatolia, especially in Amasya, Kahramanmaras, Tokat, Corum, Sivas, Erzurum, Samsun, Erzincan and Yozgat etc.
References
Sport in Turkey
Nürburgring

The Nurburgring, known as simply "the Ring" by enthusiasts, is the name of a famous motorsport race track in Nurburg, Germany, built in the 1920s around the village and medieval castle of Nurburg in the Eifel, which is about 70 kilometres south of Cologne, 100 kilometres northwest of Mainz, and 120 kilometres northwest of Frankfurt.
Originally, the track featured four track configurations: the long Gesamtstrecke ("Whole Course"), which included the 22.810 km Nordschleife ("Northern Loop"), and the 7.747 km Sudschleife ("Southern Loop"). There also was a 2.281 km warm-up loop called Zielschleife ("Finish Loop") or better known as Betonschleife, around the pit area.
Between 1982 and 1983 the start-finish area was demolished to create a new GP-Strecke, and this is currently used for all major and international racing events.
References
Other websites
Official website: German | English
Ben Lovejoy's Nurburgring website
Nurburgring Explorer website
One full Nordschleife lap with an on-board camera
One lap GP track with on-board camera
Formula One circuits
Margaret Hamilton (scientist)

Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. She was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. It developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program.
On November 22, 2016, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Barack Obama for her work leading the development of on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo Moon missions.
References
Other websites
MIT News
Margaret Hamilton Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
1936 births
Living people
American software engineers
Engineers from Indiana
Businesspeople from Indiana
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
PlayStation line

This is a list of the PlayStations created by Sony Interactive Entertainment.
PlayStation
PlayStation 2
PlayStation Portable
PlayStation 3
PlayStation Vita
PlayStation 4
PSX
PlayStation Classic
PlayStation 5
PlayStation
Donatas Banionis

Donatas Banionis (April 28, 1924 - September 4, 2014) was a Lithuanian and Soviet actor. He was best known in the West for his lead role of Tarkovsky's Solaris as Kris Kelvin. He was born in Kaunas, Lithuania. Once, President of Russia, Vladimir Putin said that Banionis was the reason why he joined the KGB.
Banionis died on September 4, 2014 from a stroke. He was 90 years old. President Putin expressed his condolences to his family.
References
Other websites
1924 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in Lithuania
Lithuanian actors
Soviet movie actors
Soviet television actors
Winston Peters

Winston Raymond Peters (born 11 April 1945) is a New Zealand politician. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2017 to 2020. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1996 to 1998. He serves under a coalition government alongside Jacinda Ardern upon the 2017 election.
Peters led the populist New Zealand First party since 1993. He was a Member of Parliament from 2011 to 2020, having served from 1979 to 1981 and 1984 to 2008.
References
1945 births
Living people
Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Ashfield, Massachusetts

Ashfield is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Plužine

Pluzine () is a town in Montenegro. In 2011, 1,341 people lived there.
Cities in Montenegro
Municipalities of Montenegro
Get Low

"Get Low" is the third single off of American rap group Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz's fourth studio album Kings of Crunk. The song was released on February 18, 2003. The song also features American hip hop duo Ying Yang Twins.
The song was able to make it to #1 on the Hot Rap Songs, #2 on the Billboard Hot 100, #2 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, #2 on the Rhythmic, and #10 on the Mainstream Top 40 charts. It was also certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).
The song is about going to a strip club, getting drunk and telling the strippers to dance for them.
A music video for the song was released. In the video, Lil Jon goes to the strip club and tells them to leave. Ing Yang Twins are rapping and getting their hair cut at a barbershop. Women dance in a locker room and Lil Jon watches two women boxing in a pool. The video is filled with women twerking and dancing erotically.
References
Other websites
2003 songs
Hip hop songs
Sare

Sare is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
It is about to the east of Saint-Jean-de-Luz and the Atlantic Ocean. It is in the western foothills of the Pyrenees.
Sare
Cuckoo clock

A cuckoo clock is a kind of clock. Cuckoo clocks have a case made of wood that looks like a small house. It gets its name because at the start of every hour, a small door on the clock open up and a little wooden bird comes out. The clock then makes a noise which sounds like a bird call ( "Koo-Koo" or "cuckoo").
The clock makes the sound one time for each hour it is, and there may also be a bell that rings when the sound is made. Whether it is morning or night does not change the number of times this happens.
For example:
1 o'clock in the afternoon = 1 "cuckoo"
8 o'clock in the morning = 8 "cuckoos"
8 o'clock at night = 8 "cuckoos"
Like many other clocks, cuckoo clocks can work using weights, springs, or electricity. Every clock is different, both in how it looks, how it works, and what it does. The sound of the "cuckoo" usually comes from bellows in mechanical clocks, or from a speaker in electric clocks. The clock may do more than just make this sound; some clocks also have figures that move around as music is played.
Cuckoo clocks are some of the best-known clocks that are made in the Black Forest, an area of south-western Germany and northern Switzerland.
Clocks
Indonesian language

Indonesian language () is the national and official language of Indonesia and is used in the entire country. It is a form of the Malay language. It is the language of official communication, taught in schools and used for broadcast in electronic and digital media. Being the top multilingual (especially trilingual) country in the world, most Indonesians also speak their own ethnic or native languages, with the most widely spoken being Javanese and Sundanese which consequently give huge influence into the Indonesian language itself.
With huge speakers throughout the country as well as by the diaspora who live abroad, Indonesian language is listed as one of the most spoken languages worldwide. Indonesian language also officially taught and used in schools, universities, and institutions worldwide, especially in Australia, Netherlands, Japan, South Korea, Timor Leste, Vietnam, Taiwan, United States of America, United Kingdom, etc.
Having a long-established historical ties with European countries since the colonialism era, some of Indonesian terms has absorbed into some European languages, mainly the Dutch and English. Indonesian language itself also has numerous loanwords which derived from the European languages, mainly from the Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Indonesian language also has loanwords derived from Sanskrit, Chinese, and Arabic which diffused in Indonesian due to the trade and religious-based activities that had been done since ancient times within the Indonesian archipelago region.
References
Austronesian languages
Languages of Indonesia
Bougy

Bougy is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados