pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Vättern

Vattern is the second biggest lake in Sweden. The lake's total surface area is about . The deepest known point is . The average depth of the lake is .
Vattern is famous for the quality of its transparent water. Many of the people living in the area get their drinking water directly from Vattern. The lake water does not need to have many things done to it before it is used in nearby cities and towns. The water can be safely drunk from almost any point in the lake. It has been said that Vattern is the largest body of potable water in the world.
Vattern is also noted for its fishing. Tourist sport fishermen and people on vacation are allowed to fish in the lake as long as they do not use nets.
References
Other websites
Lakes of Sweden
Lord Berners

Lord Berners, whose full name was Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt-Wilson, 14th Baron Berners, (born Apley Hall, Shropshire, 18 September 1883; died Faringdon House, Berkshire, 19 April 1950), was a British composer of classical music, novelist and painter. He is usually called Lord Berners. He was an amateur composer who is remembered for his strange, eccentric behaviour.
Life
Berners was born in Apley Hall, Bridgnorth, England. The Berners family were related to King Edward III of England. His father was a naval officer who was not often at home. He was looked after by his mother and grandmother who was very religious and very strict. Berners was very interested in lots of things, especially music, but his mother did nothing to help him.
At first he went to boarding school in Cheam. Then he went to Eton. He taught himself to compose. He became a diplomat and travelled to Rome and Constantinople. In 1919, when his uncle died, he became 14th Baron Berners and 5th Baronet. He had already composed some music which had been published under the name Gerald Tyrwhitt.
Berners lived an eccentric life. He lived in Berkshire but also had houses in London and Rome. He had plenty of money, so that he did not have to work. He had many friends, including the composers Stravinsky, Lambert and William Walton who dedicated his Belshazzar's Feast to him.
His music
Berners's music is full of Romantic feeling, irony and parody. He wrote a lot for the theatre. He composed The Triumph of Neptune in 1926 for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. His music could often be described as light music.
His eccentricities
Berners started his strange behaviour when he was quite small. He had heard that a dog could be taught to swim by throwing it into water, so he decided to teach his dog to fly by throwing it out of the window. The dog was not hurt, but Berners was given a beating.
He was often naughty, making silly traps for people. He was sent to boarding school in Cheam when he was nine. There he had a gay relationship with an older boy. He was then sent to Eton College. Berners said that he learned nothing there.
Later, when he was grown up, he painted pigeons at his house and once he even had a giraffe as a pet so that he could have tea with it. He travelled in a Rolls-Royce and kept a clavichord under the front seat.
Death
He died in 1950 at Faringdon House, leaving his estate to his partner Robert ('Mad Boy') Heber Percy, who lived with him at Faringdon.
His epitaph on his gravestone reads:
"Here lies Lord Berners
One of life's learners
His great love of learning
May earn him a burning
Thanks be to the Lord
He never was bored".
1883 births
1950 deaths
Berners, Lord
English Barons
Entertainers from Shropshire
Gay men
LGBT composers
LGBT novelists
Anwil

Anwil is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Chantelle, Allier

Chantelle is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Chōwa

was a after Kanko and before Kannin. This period started in December 1012 and ended in April 1017. The reigning emperors were and .
Events of the Chowa era
1012 (Chowa 1, 8th month): Emperor Sanjo marries a daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga. Michinaga was the kampuku in the court hierarchy.
1016 (Chowa 4, 11th month): A great fire broke out in the Imperial palace; and it was reduced to cinders.
10 March 1016 (Chowa 5, 29th day of the 1st month): In the 5th year of Emperor Sanjo's reign, the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by a cousin. Soon after, Emperor Go-Ichijo's role as monarch was confirmed in ceremonies (sokui).
Related pages
Heian period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
Garlin Gilchrist

Garlin Gilchrist II (born September 25, 1982) is an American politician, engineer, entrepreneur, and activist. He is the 64th lieutenant governor of Michigan, since January 2019. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
References
1982 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of Michigan
Engineers from Michigan
American political activists
Politicians from Detroit
Businesspeople from Detroit
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
Scelidosaurus

Scelidosaurus was an early type of herbivorous dinosaur. It was a thyreophoran, a lightly plated, herbivorous dinosaur about 4 metres long. It lived during the early Jurassic, 196 to 183 million years ago. Its fossils were found in Charmouth, Dorset, England.
Scelidosaurus has been called the earliest complete dinosaur.
It is one of the earliest and most basal of the armoured dinosaurs. A review by Serano had Scelidosaurus as the sister group (closest relative) to both the Stegosauria and Ankylosauria.
This genus lived on the supercontinent Laurasia.
Its length was about 4 metres (13 ft). Scelidosaurus was quadrupedal, with the hindlimbs longer than the forelimbs. It may have reared up on its hind legs to browse on foliage from trees, but its forefeet were as large as its hind feet. This suggests a mostly quadrupedal posture.
Scelidosaurus and its Jurassic relatives were herbivorous. Other ornithischians had teeth capable of grinding plant material, but Scelidosaurus had smaller, less complex teeth. Its jaw could only do simple up-and-down movements. In this aspect, they resembled the stegosaurids, which also had primitive teeth and simple jaws. Also, like stegosaurs, they may have swallowed gastroliths to aid processing of food (because of the lack of chewing ability). This is also done by modern birds and crocodiles. The diet of Scelidosaurus was low-lying plants like ferns and cycads. Seaweed has also been suggested as a food. Grass did not evolve until the Cretaceous period.
References
Thyreophora
Anne Rice

Anne Rice (born Howard Allen O'Brien, October 4, 1941 - December 11, 2021) was an American author of horror/fantasy novels. Interview with the Vampire and The Queen of the Damned are among her best-known works. She wrote four series, including The Vampire Chronicles and Christ the Lord.
Rice was born in New Orleans, Louisiana to Irish Roman Catholic parents. One of her sisters was novelist Alice Borchardt (1939-2007). Rice was married to poet Stan Rice (1942-2002) from 1961 his death. They had a daughter, Michele (1966-1972) and a son, novelist Christopher (born 1978).
Rice died on December 11, 2021, of complications from a stroke. She was 80.
References
Other websites
Anne Rice's spiritual journey site
1941 births
2021 deaths
American novelists
Writers from New Orleans
Deaths from stroke
Marie Horáčková

Marie Horackova is an archer from the Czech Republic. She was born on 24 December 1997. Horackova competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
References
Other websites
1997 births
Living people
Czech archers
Czech Olympians
Walkertshofen

Walkertshofen () is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Augsburg (district)
Lincoln Lewis

Lincoln Clay Lewis (born 24 October 1987) is an Australian actor. He is best known for his roles in Tomorrow, When the War Began, Home and Away and SLiDE.
Lewis was born in Brisbane, Queensland. He is the son of Wally Lewis, a former rugby league player.
References
Other websites
1987 births
Living people
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Actors from Brisbane
Miele

Miele is a German manufacturer of domestic appliances, commercial equipment and fitted kitchens. Its headquarter is in Gutersloh, Germany. The company was founded in 1899 by Carl Miele and Reinhard Zinkann, and has always been a family owned and run company.
Miele is notable. It exports to 47 countries, and especially to the USA, where its corporate headquarters is in Princeton N.J. The company has won awards. Miele was recognized as Best Company and also achieved a top-five place in the category Best Product Brand. Miele was honoured as Best Domestic Appliance Brand in the UK by Which? in 2007 and again in 2008, being only one of two brands to win twice in a row. They won again in 2010.
It competes against brands such as Kuppersbusch, Gaggenau, Fagor, Viking Range, Dacor, Asko, Jenn-Air, and Thermador.
Miele's slogan in German is immer besser which literally translates to "always/continuously better".
References
Other websites
Miele official website (in German)
1899 establishments in Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia
Manufacturing companies of Germany
AI Song Contest 2020

The AI Song Contest 2020 was the inaugural edition of the AI Song Contest, organised by the Dutch public broadcaster VPRO, in collaboration with NPO 3FM and NPO Innovation. It was held at 8:30 pm on May 12, 2020 and was held in the Netherlands, presented by Lieven Scheire. Thirteen teams from eight countries took part in the contest. The contest was won by the Australian team Uncanny Valley with the song "Beautiful the World".
Format
Each participating team had to submit a "Eurovision-like" song of up to three minutes that had been composed using artificial intelligence (AI). Human input was allowed, but the more AI was used, the more points the entry would get from the jury. The entries were also evaluated by the public through online ratings. The winner was announced that evening.
Venue
The contest was online by cause of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and was broadcast via a live stream on YouTube and was presented the points from the online voting were announced by Dutch television presenter Emma Wortelboer.
Competing entries
The contest count with thirteen teams from eight countries. As there were no pre-qualifying rounds, multiple teams from each country could enter the competition. The contest featured the following competing entries:
References
Other websites
Official website
VPRO page for the AI Song Contest
Oficial account on Twitter
AI Song Contest 2020 on YouTube
Artificial intelligence
2020 in the Netherlands
Final Fantasy VII

Final Fantasy VII is a 1997 role-playing video game created by Square for the PlayStation console. It is the seventh major game in the Final Fantasy series.
Many people see the game as one of the most influential and important role-playing games to date. It is the highest-selling game in the series, having sold more than 13 million copies of the game. Final Fantasy VII Remake released in April 2020.
Storyline
Plot Final Fantasy VII follows the story of Cloud, who joins forces with many others to fight a new threat to the world while dealing with a seemingly terminal illness.
Characters
The main playable character is Cloud who is supported by Tifa, Aerith, and Barret.
Music
The music in Final Fantasy VII covers a wide variety of musical genres, including rock, techno, orchestral, and choral.
Spin-off titles
Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children - set 2 years after Final Fantasy VII
Before Crisis - set 6 years before Final Fantasy VII
Crisis Core - set 7 years before Final Fantasy VII
Dirge of Cerberus'' - set 3 years after Final Fantasy VII
References
Other websites
Official website
Final Fantasy 07
Final Fantasy 07
PlayStation games
Windows games
IOS games
PlayStation 4 games
Android (operating system) games
Nintendo Switch games
Xbox One games
Chloroform

Chloroform (also called trichloromethane) is a chemical substance. It is an organic compound. Chloroform is one of the intermediate substances that occur in the production of Polytetrafluoroethylene, better known as Teflon. Chloroform is used as a solvent. It is a colourless liquid. In the 19th century, it was a widely used anaesthetic.
History
The first who reported to have produced Chloroform was the French chemist Eugene Soubeiran, in 1831. Soubeiran took acetone and ethanol, and used bleach powder for the reaction. The American physician Samuel Guthrie prepared gallons of the material and described its "deliciousness of flavor." Independently, Justus von Liebig also described it. Chloroform was named and chemically characterised in 1834 by Jean-Baptiste Dumas. Starting in the 1850s factories made large amounts. Its use as an anesthetic declined in the early 20th century as safer chemicals were more used.
Production
Chloroform is produced by mixing methane and chlorine at a temperature of 400 to 500degC. In this reaction, the result is a mix of chloromethane, methylene chloride, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
The four compounds get then separated with a distillation.
In laboratories, chloroform can be produced by mixing sodium hypochlorite and acetone together. This is an exothermic reaction, meaning it makes a lot of heat.
Uses
The main uses of Chloroform are:
as a solvent
as an anaesthetic (though no longer used, as there are side-effects)
as a catalyst to help other reactions
Problems
Chloroform was used as an anaesthetic during childbirth and surgery, from about 1847. It replaced ether which was used before. Chloroform is very poisonous, and can cause breathing problems, and problems with the heart. Death from chloroform can come from cardiac arrest. When Chloroform is stored for a longer time period, it can decay into Phosgene. Phosgene was a chemical weapon (poison gas) used during the First World War. Chloroform can cause birth defects and lead to miscarriages. It may cause cancer.
References
Organochlorides
Carcinogens
2011–12 NHL season

The 2011-12 NHL season was the 95th season of operation (94th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL). Thirty teams competed. There were 82 games in the regular season from October 6, 2011 to April 7, 2012.
The 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 11, 2012. The Los Angeles Kings won the Stanley Cup.
During the off-season, the Atlanta Thrashers relocated to Winnipeg, Manitoba, to become the Winnipeg Jets.
Other websites
NHL.com
2011 in ice hockey
2012 in ice hockey
National Hockey League seasons
2011 in North America
2012 in North America
Communist Party of Germany

The Communist Party of Germany was a major political party in the Weimar Republic between 1918 and 1933. It was an underground resistance movement in Nazi Germany.
1918 establishments in Europe
1933 disestablishments in Europe
Political parties in Germany
1449

Events
January 6 - Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor, at Mistra. He was the last in a line of rulers that can be traced to the founding of Rome.
April 7 - The last Antipope, Felix V abdicates.
April 19 - Pope Nicholas V elected by the Council of Basel
April 25 - The Council of Basel dissolves itself.
August 13 - Brandenburg Margrave Albrecht Achilles takes the Lichtenau fortress from Nuremberg in the First Margrave War.
September 8 - Battle of Tumu Fortress - the Oirat Mongols defeat the Ming Dynasty army and capture the Zhengtong Emperor of China; the latter is officially deposed while his brother ascends as the Jingtai Emperor the next year in 1450.
October 29 - French recapture Rouen from the English
Births
January 1 - Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian statesman (died 1492)
October 21 - George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (died 1478)
date unknown - Domenico Ghirlandaio, Italian artist (died 1494)
probable - Ilham Ghali khan of Kazan Khanate, (died 1490)
Deaths
May 20 - Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra (born 1392)
October 27 - Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler and astronomer (born 1394)
date unknown
Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick (born 1443)
Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross, Lord of the Isles
With Chronos’ Permit

With Chronos' Permit () is a novel by Russian writer Andrei Gusev, published in 1995.
Plot
Perestroika started in 1986. That was a period of restructuring in the Soviet Union. Hundreds of scientific workers are no longer needed. The main character of the novel is Ivan Zhuravlev and he is one of such unclaimed experts. He is looking for a new application. From the prestigious physics Zhuravlev goes in for journalism. Later, he uses journalistic contacts and comes in connection with an entrepreneur Boris Iossifovich Sytin. Zhuravlev calls him Ossi. Ossi is a chief of the "Chronos" company. Ossi convinces Zhuravlev to involve in the deal to resell to the West of rare metal osmium. This affair ends tragically for Ivan Zhuravlev - he dies because of the intentional air crash.
Love to the girl was the best in the short life of Ivan Zhuravlev. Her name is Nastia. In their relationship something is from the famous movies by Claude Lelouch, who always glorifies man and woman created for each other.
Features
This novel is a mix of a thriller and crime story. Some parts of the novel have a mystical component.
References
Other websites
Russian Wikiquote has the article S mandatom Khronosa (With Chronos' Permit).
Notes
1.
2. NA POROGE KhKhI VEKA, Vserossiiskii ezhegodnik, M., "Moskovskii Parnas", 2002 (s.92)
3. Vserossiiskii ezhegodnik NA POROGE KhKhI VEKA, M., "Moskovskii Parnas", 2006 (s.85)
4. I.S.Goriunova "Sovremennaia russkaia literatura: znakovye imena (stat'i, retsenzii, interv'iu)", "Litres", 2015. -- 278 c. (M., "Vest-Konsalting", 2012) ISBN 5457199517, ISBN 9785457199514
1995 books
Fantasy books
Novels
Chanteloup-les-Vignes

Chanteloup-les-Vignes is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Yvelines department in north-central France.
References
Communes in Yvelines
Marcel Henry

Marcel Henry (30 October 1926 - 30 August 2021) was a French politician. He was born in Mayotte, France. He was a member of the French Senate from 1977 until 2004. He was one of the founders of the Mahore People's Movement.
Henry died on 30 August 2021 at the age of 94.
References
1926 births
2021 deaths
French politicians
Wickes, Arkansas

Wickes is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
This city is a random city in Czechoslovakia.
Cities in Arkansas
Bobby Moore

Robert Frederick Chelsea "Bobby" Moore (12 April 1941 - 24 February 1993) was an English former footballer. He was best known for playing for West Ham United and England national team. He was the captain of England when they won the World Cup in 1966. He played 108 games for England between 1962 and 1973. When he retired, this was a national record. Only Peter Shilton and David Beckham have since played more games for England. He is regarded as one of the greatest defenders of all time. He died of colorectal cancer in Wandsworth, London.
Club career statistics
|-
|1958/59||rowspan="16"|West Ham United||rowspan="16"|First Division||5||0
|-
|1959/60||13||0
|-
|1960/61||38||1
|-
|1961/62||41||3
|-
|1962/63||41||3
|-
|1963/64||37||2
|-
|1964/65||28||1
|-
|1965/66||37||0
|-
|1966/67||40||2
|-
|1967/68||40||4
|-
|1968/69||41||2
|-
|1969/70||40||1
|-
|1970/71||39||2
|-
|1971/72||40||1
|-
|1972/73||42||3
|-
|1973/74||22||0
|-
|1973/74||rowspan="3"|Fulham||rowspan="3"|Second Division||10||1
|-
|1974/75||41||0
|-
|1975/76||33||0
|-
|1976||San Antonio Thunder||NASL||24||1
|-
|1976/77||Fulham||Second Division||40||0
|-
|1978||Seattle Sounders||NASL||7||0
668||25
31||1
699||26
International career statistics
|-
|1962||8||0
|-
|1963||9||0
|-
|1964||9||0
|-
|1965||9||0
|-
|1966||15||2
|-
|1967||6||0
|-
|1968||9||0
|-
|1969||9||0
|-
|1970||11||0
|-
|1971||7||0
|-
|1972||6||0
|-
|1973||10||0
|-
!Total||108||2
|}
References
1941 births
1993 deaths
1962 FIFA World Cup players
1966 FIFA World Cup players
1970 FIFA World Cup players
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from colorectal cancer
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Essex
Olivia Rodrigo

Olivia Isabel Rodrigo (born February 20, 2003) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She is known for her roles as Paige Olvera on the Disney Channel series Bizaardvark and Nini Salazar-Roberts on the Disney+ series High School Musical: The Musical: The Series. She won three Grammy Awards in 2022.
She released her debut single "Driver's License" on Youtube on January 8, 2021, which reached number one in many countries worldwide, including the United States. These were followed with top-ten hits "Deja Vu" and "Good 4 U", which became her second US and UK number-one hit. Her debut album, Sour, was released on May 21, 2021.
Rodrigo's musical style has been compared to that of alternative musicians Lorde and Billie Eilish.
References
Living people
2003 births
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Singer-songwriters from California
Actors from California
Grammy Award winners
Lara van Ruijven

Lara Victoria van Ruijven (; 28 December 199210 July 2020) was a Dutch short track speed skater. She was born in Naaldwijk, the Netherlands.
At the 2018 Winter Olympics, she was part of the Dutch 3000 metres relay team that won a bronze medal. She won gold at the World Championships one year later.
Van Ruijven was hospitalized on 25 June 2020 after falling ill from an autoimmune disease in Perpignan, France. She died on 10 July 2020, aged 27.
References
1992 births
2020 deaths
Competitors at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Deaths from autoimmune disease
Dutch Olympic bronze medalists
Dutch speed skaters
Sportspeople from South Holland
Pittsfield, New Hampshire

Pittsfield is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, 4,106 people lived there.
Other websites
New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile
Towns in New Hampshire
Ryosuke Kojima

is a Japanese football player.
Biography
Kojima was born in Toyota on January 30, 1997. After graduating from Waseda University, he joined J1 League club Oita Trinita in 2019. In 2020, he moved to J2 League club Albirex Niigata.
In May 2019, Kojima was selected the Japan national team for 2019 Copa America, but he did not play in the match.
Statistics
|-
|2019||Oita Trinita||J1 League||0||0||0||0||2||0||2||0
|-
|2020||rowspan="2"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="2"|J2 League||22||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||
22||0||0||0||2||0||24||0
22||0||0||0||2||0||24||0
|}
References
Other websites
1997 births
Living people
Footballers from Aichi Prefecture
J1 League players
J2 League players
Oita Trinita players
Albirex Niigata players
Catechism of the Catholic Church

The Catechism of the Catholic Church, or CCC, is an official explanation of the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. It was first published in French in 1992 by the authority of Pope John Paul II. The volume, which is a book of over 900 pages, has been translated into many other languages, including English. In 1997, a Latin text was made. The Latin text is now the official text of reference the contents of the first French text were amended at a few points.
The Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church was published in 2005, and the first edition in English in 2006. It is a more concise and dialogic (written like a conversation) version of the CCC. The text is available in twelve languages on the Vatican website, which gives the text of the Catechism itself in eight languages.
References
Roman Catholicism
Adrian, Missouri

Adrian is a city in Bates County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Max Euwe

Machgielis "Max" Euwe (20 May 1901 in Amsterdam - 26 November 1981 in Amsterdam) was the 5th World Chess Champion, from 1935 to 1937. He was a Dutch chess grandmaster, mathematician, and author. He was not a full-time professional player; he got his PhD in pure mathematics in 1926, and worked as a school and college teacher. He was made Professor of Mathematics in 1964.p132
Against all expectations, Max won the world chess championship in a match with Alexander Alekhine in 1935. Alekhine won the title back in a rematch two years later. After World War II, Euwe was still the best player in western Europe, and played in two world championship candidates tournaments. Max played for the world championship in 1948, in the match-tournament which decided the successor to Alekhine. He finished below Botvinnik, Smyslov, Keres and Reshevsky. Again he tried, at the Candidates' tournament in 1953, but this was also unsuccessful, though he was still a strong player.
Max used his teaching skills in chess as well as mathematics. He wrote 20 chess books, most aimed at helping the club player improve. He invented a subscription correspondence course called The Chess Archives, but known everywhere as Euwe's Archives. This gave teaching on chess openings, which were then an area of great weakness for club players. The Archives were published in Dutch, German and English, and helped to give professional help to amateur players.
Euwe served as President of FIDE, the World Chess Federation, from 1970 to 1978. He tried to expand chess into more countries, a goal which has succeeded.
Related pages
List of World Chess Champions
References
1901 births
1981 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Dutch academics
Dutch chess players
Dutch computer scientists
Dutch mathematicians
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? is a British quiz show, produced by Celador. In May 2008, the Dutch company 2waytraffic bought the license for the international format.
History
Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? aired for the first time on 4 September 1998 in the United Kingdom. The UK show is hosted by Chris Tarrant. It had its biggest ratings in March 1999 when more than 19 million were watching the show. The first millionaire on the show was Judith Keppel who appeared on 20 November 2000.
National variants
More than 100 countries around the world have bought the license and air local versions of the show, including Australia, Bulgaria, Germany, Poland, Russia, United States. The United States version became a big hit when Regis Philbin started hosting it in 1999. John Carpenter, a man who worked for the IRS, became the first person to win the grand prize of $1,000,000 in 1999. Philbin hosted the show until 2002. A syndicated version of the show has aired since 2002. It is hosted by Meredith Vieira.
Each country airs the show under the same rules. They all have the same studio design.
In Australia, a spin-off called Millionaire Hot Seat has aired since 2009.
1998 British television series debuts
1990s television series
2000s television series
2010s television series
British television game shows
SSC (Somalia)

SSC or SSC Khatumo is the successor of Khatumo State of Somalia. SSC stands for the northern Somalia provinces of Sool, Sanaag and Cayn. SSC was also the predecessor of Khatumo. The 2000s era SSC was founded to deal with land disputes. The SSC was brought back in 2023 to make SSC provinces go directly under the Somali Federal Government. The 2020s SSC was established after 20 days of fighting between SSC and Hargeisa based secessionist forces. The spokesperson for SSC is Cabdirisaaq Xasan Falaalug. Politically, the SSC federal state represents mainly the Reer Darawiish clan.
References
States of Somalia
Khatumo
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf

Raja Pervaiz Ashraf (; born 26 December, 1950 in Sanghar) is 21st and current Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan since 16 April 2022. He also served as the 19th Prime Minister of Pakistan. He took charge of office on 22 June 2012 after disqualification of 18th prime minister, Yousaf Raza Gillani. He belongs to the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.
References
1950 births
Living people
Politicians from Sindh
Prime Ministers of Pakistan
Alp, Catalonia

Alp is a municipality in the comarca of Cerdanya, Province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. In 2018, 1,559 people lived there.
References
Municipalities in Catalonia
Criminal procedure

Criminal procedure refers to the rules that determine how the courts will process a criminal trial. While criminal procedure differs by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge and results in the conviction or acquittal of the defendant.
Basic rights
Many countries have a democratic system and use the rule of law. There are a number of common principles. In a criminal case the burden of proof is on the prosecution. That means it is up to the prosecution to prove that the defendant is guilty beyond any reasonable doubt. This is opposed to having the defendant prove he or she is innocent. It also means any doubt is resolved in favor of the defendant. This provision is known as the presumption of innocence. If charged with a felony, defendants have the following basic rights:
The right to be informed about the crime for which the person is being arrested.
The right to legal counsel.
Related pages
Forensic science
References
Other websites
Code of Criminal Procedure
Criminal justice
Hans-Michael Rehberg

Hans-Michael Rehberg (2 April 1938 in Furstenwalde/Spree - 7 November 2017 in Berlin) was a German actor and stage director. He appeared in more than one hundred movies from 1945 until his death in 2017. He was best known for his role as Rudolf Hoss in Schindler's List (1993).
Rehberg died at the age of 79.
References
Other websites
1938 births
2017 deaths
German movie actors
German stage actors
German television actors
People from Brandenburg
Bendejun

Bendejun is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Wendell H. Ford

Wendell Hampton Ford (September 8, 1924 - January 22, 2015) was an American politician. He served for twenty-four years in the U.S. Senate and was the 53rd Governor of Kentucky. He was the first person to be successively elected lieutenant governor, governor, and U.S. senator in Kentucky history.
Ford died in Owensboro, Kentucky from lung cancer, aged 90.
References
Other websites
Wendell Ford profile, NNDB
1924 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Governors of Kentucky
United States senators from Kentucky
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Owensboro, Kentucky
Lieutenant Governors of Kentucky
John Harron

John Harron (March 31, 1903 - November 24, 1939) was an American actor. He was born in New York City. He died in Seattle, Washington from spinal meningitis when he was 36 years old. He appeared in 167 movies between 1918 and 1940.
Personal life
Harron married an actress called Betty Westmore in 1929. They had one child.
1903 births
1939 births
Actors from New York (state)
American movie actors
Deaths from meningitis
Disease-related deaths in Washington (state)
Soggy biscuit

Soggy biscuit (also called "limp biscuit", "landscapers lunch", "crispy cookie", "ookie cookie", "jizzcuit" or "jogo do pao") is a male masturbation game played mostly by teenage groups in which the participants stand around a biscuit masturbating until ejaculating onto it; the last person to do so must eat the biscuit.
Although the way it is spelled may differ slightly, the notability of the game is shown by the variations of it being referred to in popular culture, examples including Stephen Fry's The Liar, the German movie Crazy, the 2006 film Sleeping Dogs Lie, the "Chains" episode of Blackadder II, the "Freaks & Greeks" episode of Drawn Together (2004-2006), the "Sleepover" episode of Big Mouth, Limp Bizkit, and Skinless's song "Scum Cookie".
References
Games
Sexual acts
Old Melbourne Gaol

The Old Melbourne Gaol is a large, historic prison in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The bluestone building was the first large prison built in Victoria. It was the location of many executions, including Ned Kelly who was hanged at the prison in 1880. It closed in 1929 and is now a museum.
Melbourne was first settled in 1835 and its first small gaol was built in 1839. A second gaol was built in 1841 next to the Supreme Court buildings. In 1852 work started on a new gaol based on the Pentonville Model Prison design. This had its own outside wall of solid bluestone. A second stage started in 1857, and the wall was extended in 1859. In 1860 the north wing, chapel, central hall and entrance was built. A western wing for female prisoners was started in 1862, and the outside wall was finished in 1864. There were also 17 jailer's houses, a chief warden's house and a hospital. It was built on a high point at the edge of the city. However a report in 1870 said the gaol should be closed and the prisoners moved to a more suitable location. The prison finally closed in 1929.
During World War II, the gaol was used as a military prison for Australian soldiers. After the war it became a storage building for the Victoria Police. Some of the buildings were pulled down to allow for the building of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, now Victoria University. In 1972 the buildings were taken over by the National Trust as a museum.
References
Buildings and structures in Melbourne
Prisons in Australia
Museums in Australia
Law enforcement in Australia
1835 establishments
1830s establishments in Australia
1929 disestablishments
1920s disestablishments in Australia
Corporal punishment

Corporal punishment (also called physical punishment) is a punishment which is meant to cause physical pain on a person.
It is or has been used on adults, mostly on prisoners and people who are slaves.
It is most often done on minors (children and teenagers). Common methods include spanking, belting and paddling.
In some parts of the United States, corporal punishment is allowed in schools. At home, corporal punishment is allowed.
Fifty-eight countries, mostly in Europe and Latin America, have banned corporal punishment in the home or at school.
However, according to a 2014 estimate by Human Rights Watch, "Ninety percent of the world's children live in countries where corporal punishment and other physical violence against children is still legal". Many countries' laws provide for a defence of "reasonable chastisement" against charges of assault and other crimes for parents using corporal punishment. In many countries people have decided for themselves to give up corporal punishment long before legislation was enacted.
Corporal punishment has been shown to cause aggression and behavior problems in some teenagers and children.
References
Punishments
Pump action shotgun

A pump action shotgun is a type of shotgun. The shooter pulls back on a handle below the barrel of the shotgun to reload it. It is widely used to hunt birds. Accuracy is low, but it can be fired again quickly.
Shotguns
Peter Bowles

Peter Bowles (16 October 1936 - 17 March 2022) was an English actor. He was born in London. His career began in 1956 and he retired in 2021. Bowles was known for his roles in Rumpole of the Bailey, To the Manor Born and The Bounder.
Bowles died in London on 17 March 2022 from cancer, aged 85.
References
Other websites
1936 births
2022 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
Actors from London
Cancer deaths in London
Allen Lanier

Allen Glover Lanier (June 25, 1946 - August 14, 2013) was an original member of Blue Oyster Cult. He played keyboards and rhythm guitar. Lanier wrote several songs for Blue Oyster Cult albums. These included "True Confessions", "Tenderloin", "Searchin' for Celine", "In Thee", and "Lonely Teardrops". He also contributed to music by Patti Smith, Jim Carroll, The Dictators and The Clash. He dated Patti Smith for several years during the 1970s. When Lanier started in 1967, the group was known as Soft White Underbelly. He left the group and was replaced in 1986 by Tommy Zvoncheck. He returned in 1987. He retired from performing with them after the autumn of 2006. On August 14, 2013 he died of complications from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
References
1946 births
2013 deaths
American rock guitarists
Deaths from COPD
Musicians from New York (state)
Bosmont-sur-Serre

Bosmont-sur-Serre is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Cabaret (1972 movie)

Cabaret is an American musical movie. It was directed by Bob Fosse. The movie was released in 1972.
Cast
Liza Minnelli as Sally Bowles
Michael York as Brian Roberts
Joel Grey as Master of Ceremonies
Other websites
Cabaret on IMDb
Cabaret on Rotten Tomatoes
1972 movies
1970s musical movies
1970s American musical movies
Movies directed by Bob Fosse
Movies set in the 1930s
American LGBT movies
1970s LGBT movies
1970s English-language movies
European Portuguese

European Portuguese (, ) also known as Portuguese of Portugal (Portuguese: portugues de Portugal), Iberian Portuguese (Portuguese: portugues iberico), Peninsular Portuguese (Portuguese: portugues peninsular)
is a dialect of Portuguese language spoken in Portugal.
Phonology
References
Other websites
Description of the pronunciation rules of European Portuguese
Description of the pronunciation rules of Brazilian Portuguese
Tables with the pronunciation of each vowel and consonant letter in European Portuguese
Article on variation in European Portuguese
On gerund clauses of Portuguese dialects
Languages of Europe
Portuguese language
Macedonia naming dispute

The Macedonia naming dispute was a political dispute between Greece and North Macedonia. The disputed was because of the name "Macedonia". It was solved in 2019 with the Prespa Agreement when Greek prime minister Alexis Tsipras and Macedonian prime minister Zoran Zaev signed the agreement at Lake Prespa along the border of both countries.
References
20th-century establishments in Greece
1991 establishments in Europe
Geographical naming disputes
Politics of Greece
History of North Macedonia
Second War of Scottish Independence

The Second War of Scottish Independence began in 1333 when Edward III of England did not accept the 1328 Treaty of Northampton any more, under which England recognised the legitimacy of the dynasty established by Robert Bruce. Edward was determined to support the claim of Edward Balliol, the son of the former king, John Balliol, over David II, Bruce's son and heir. Balliol had ruled in Scotland for a short time in the autumn of 1332, but was thrown out of the country later in the year. The war itself lasted until 1357, when David II was released from English captivity. English involvement in Scotland was also one of the factors that lead to the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War with France in 1337.
Related pages
Wars of Scottish Independence
First War of Scottish Independence
References
PRIMARY
Anonimalle Chronicle, 1333-81, ed. V. H. Galbraith, 1927.
Bower, Walter, Scotichronicon, ed. D. E. R. Watt, 1987-96.
Brut, or the Chronicles of England, ed. F. W. D. Brie, 1906.
Capgrave, John, The Book of the Illustrious Henries, ed. F. Hingeston, 1858.
Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, ed. J. Bain, 1857.
Fordun, John, Chronicles of the Scottish Nation, ed. W. F. Skene, 1872.
Gray, Thomas, Scalicronica, ed. H. Maxwell, 1913.
The Lanercost Chronicle, ed. H. Maxwell, 1913.
Wyntoun, Andrew, The Original Chronicle of Scotland, ed. F. J. Amours, 1907.
SECONDARY
Balfour-Melville, E. W. M, Edward III and David II, 1954.
Campbell, T., England, Scotland and the Hundred Years War, in Europe in the Late Middle Ages, ed. J. Hale et al., 1970.
Duncan, A. A. M., Honi soit qui mal y pense: David II and Edward III, in the Scottish Historical Review, vol. 67, 1988.
Nicholson, R., Edward III and the Scots, 1965.
Nicholson, R., Scotland: the Later Middle Ages, 1974.
Brown, C.K., "The Second Scottish War of Independence", 2001
Paterson, R. C., Edward Balliol, in Military History, April 2003.
Reid, R. C., Edward de Balliol, in Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Antiquarian and Natural History Society, vol. 35 1956-7.
Wars of independence
History of the British Isles
Wars involving England
14th century in Scotland
COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Montenegro when its first case was confirmed on 17 March 2020, making it the last European country to register a case of SARS-CoV-2.
the total number of cases in Montenegro is 6,222.
On 24 May 2020, 68 days after the first case was recorded in Montenegro, it became the first corona-free country in Europe.
Montenegro had 0 active cases from 24 May until 14 June when the first imported case was reported.
References
History of Montenegro
Montenegro
First light (astronomy)

In astronomy, first light is the first time a telescope is used to look at the Universe. This is often not the first time the telescope has been used. Tests will have been done during daylight to make sure everything is working. Images taken during first light are not normally of scientific interest. They are usually poor quality as the parts of the telescope have not been properly adjusted for best performance. Usually, a well-known and spectacular astronomical object is chosen. First light is always a moment of great excitement, both for the people who designed and built the telescope, and for the astronomical community.
For example, the 200-inch Hale Telescope saw first light January 26, 1949, targeting a nebula located in the constellation Monoceros. under the direction of American astronomer Edwin Hubble. The image was published in many magazines.
The Large Binocular Telescope had its first light with a single primary mirror on October 12, 2005. This was a view of NGC 891, a spiral galaxy in the Andromeda constellation . The second mirror was installed in January 2006 and the telescope became fully operational in January 2008.
In physical cosmology, first light refers to the light coming from the first generation of hyperstars. These were formed less than a billion years after the big bang, bringing an end to the cosmological Dark Ages.
References
Telescopes
Loni Anderson

Loni Kaye Anderson (born August 5, 1945, St. Paul, Minnesota) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Jennifer Marlowe in the sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati. She was married to Burt Reynolds from 1988 to 1993.
References
1945 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Anderson Silva

Anderson da Silva (born April 14, 1975) is a Brazilian Muay Thai fighter and mixed martial artist (MMA). He is a former UFC middleweight champion. He is also the current Cage Rage World middleweight champion. Silva is the longest-reigning champion in that promotion. He has competed in PRIDE Fighting Championships, Shooto, and Rumble on the Rock. Silva holds notable wins over Rich Franklin, Hayato Sakurai, Nathan Marquardt and Jeremy Horn.
Other websites
Official website
Brazilian martial artists
Mixed martial artists
1975 births
Living people
Calgary–Edmonton Corridor

The Calgary-Edmonton Corridor is an area of the Canadian province of Alberta. It is the most urbanized area in Alberta and is one of the four urban areas in Canada with the biggest population. It consists of Statistics Canada Alberta census divisions No. 11, No. 8, and No. 6. The region covers a distance of approximately from the top to the bottom.
Population
In the Canada 2001 Census, the population of the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor was 2,149,586. That was 72.3% of Alberta's population at the time. In the Canada 2011 Census, the area's population had increased to 2,703,380. That number was 74.2% of the province's population. The population as of the Canada 2016 Census was 3,074,223.
The table below has the population growth of the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor between 1996 and 2021 by its three census divisions.
References
Geography of Canada
Alberta
Burlesque (soundtrack)

Burlesque: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is a soundtrack album by American singers Christina Aguilera and Cher. It was recorded for the movie Burlesque.
Track listing
2010 albums
Christina Aguilera albums
Cher albums
Pop albums
Blues albums
R&B albums
Ainsley Earhardt

Ainsley Earhardt (born September 20, 1976) is an American television personality and broadcast journalist. She works for Fox News. She is the co-host of Fox & Friends and also reported for Hannity with her own segment called "Ainsley Across America".
References
Other websites
FoxNews.com bio
Ainsley Earhard on Twitter
Ainsley Earhardt on Facebook
1976 births
Living people
American television personalities
American journalists
American television news anchors
American political commentators
Fox News people
Writers from South Carolina
People from Spartanburg, South Carolina
Eisten

Eisten is a municipality in Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Valais
Tom Udall

Thomas Stewart "Tom" Udall (born May 18, 1948) is an American politician. Udall is the United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa since 2021. He was the United States Senator from New Mexico from 2009 to 2021 and a member of the Democratic Party. First elected to the Senate in 2008, he represented as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2009. He was the Attorney General of New Mexico from 1991 to 1999.
On March 25, 2019, Udall announced that he would not run for re-election in 2020.
On July 16, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Udall to serve as United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. Udall was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote on October 26, 2021.
References
1948 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
American Latter Day Saints
Lawyers from Santa Fe, New Mexico
United States representatives from New Mexico
United States senators from New Mexico
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Ambassadors of the United States to New Zealand
Politicians from Tucson, Arizona
Lawyers from Tucson, Arizona
Politicians from Santa Fe, New Mexico
Ambassadors of the United States to Samoa
Yaşar Nuri Öztürk

Yasar Nuri Ozturk (February 5, 1951 - June 22, 2016) was a Turkish university professor of Islamic theology, Quranist Muslim, lawyer, columnist and a former member of Turkish parliament.
Ozturk died on June 22, 2016 at his home in Istanbul from stomach cancer, aged 65.
References
Other websites
Audio - Turkish Translation of Qu'ran- Audio files of Qu'ran as translated by Y. Nuri Ozturk
1951 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Cancer deaths in Turkey
Turkish politicians
Turkish lawyers
Turkish academics
Two International Finance Centre

Two International Finance Centre ("Two ifc") is a skyscraper in Hong Kong. It is 415 meters (1362 feet) tall and has 88 floors. It was built in 2003 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world
Photo Gallery
Related pages
List of tallest buildings in the world
References
Other websites
Emporis.com - Two International Finance Centre
SkycraperPage.com - Two International Finance Centre
Skyscrapers in China
Buildings and structures in Hong Kong
Parental leave

Parental leave or family leave is an employee benefit available in almost all countries that provides paid time off work to care for a child or make arrangements for the child's welfare. The terms "parental leave" and "family leave" include maternity, paternity, and adoption leave. Often, the minimum benefits are stipulated by law.
References
Employment law