pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dead reckoning

Dead Reckoning (or DR) is a method of estimating a position. It is an important part of navigation. It uses the last known point (a fix), and speed and direction the vehicle or person has moved since it was at the fix, to make a good guess where the current position is.
It is used to track where a ship or airplane or sometimes where a vehicle on land is at. Now, Global Positioning System (GPS) is used and dead reckoning is not as important. But it is still used in areas where GPS is not available or for short periods of time if a GPS update is missed. It is also good to know in case the GPS satellites are damaged by a solar flare, or equipment is lost or broken, so it is still taught to sailors and pilots.
Dead Reckoning is how the sailors mapped the world after Christopher Columbus came to the New World. Using the stars, they could find their latitude (distance between the equator and the poles). But before accurate clocks were created, they could not tell their longitude (how far east or west they were) unless they saw land that they knew. So to cross the oceans they used dead reckoning. This is also how Richard Byrd became the first person to fly to the North Pole in 1926. He was able to fly for 16 hours and come back to the place he had left, with only ice fields beneath him.
Method
Dead reckoning starts from a known point (the fix). Then the speed of the vehicle needs to be known. In old times, ships would throw a log over the side (tied to a rope) and count how long it took to pass this log (or to pull a rope with knots and count how many knots get pulled out in a certain amount of time). This would give the speed of the ship. Knowing the direction from a compass would give the direction. From these two numbers an estimate (a good guess) could be made about the current location of the vehicle. However, a wind pushes the vehicle to one side (called drift) so this needs to be measured as well. Also there are currents in the water, even in the middle of the ocean. Over time this could make errors as well, so charts were made to correct for currents.
Airplanes can measure their windspeed easily (how fast they are going through the air), but not how fast they are moving over the land (called ground speed). A head wind, tail wind, or cross wind changes the ground speed. If the altitude of the plane is known, then the ground speed can be found by timing how fast the plane goes past an object on the ground. (The higher you are, the slower the ground seems to move). A window on the floor of the airplane can be used to find the ground speed and the drift of the airplane.
A vehicle on ground can also use dead reckoning. Usually they do not need to worry about drift from the wind, and there are no currents on land, so this reckoning is easier.
References
Navigation
Harahan, Louisiana

Harahan is the third-largest city in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Cities in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
Sally Greengross, Baroness Greengross

Sally Ralea Greengross, Baroness Greengross, OBE (nee Rosengarten; 29 June 1935 - 23 June 2022) was a British politician. She was honored with an OBE in the 1993 New Year's Honours. In 2000, she became a member of the House of Lords. Greengross was Director General of Age Concern England from 1987 until 2000. She also worked for King's College London.
Greengross died on 23 June 2022, one week before her 87th birthday.
References
1935 births
2022 deaths
Politicians from London
People from Brighton
Sami literature

Sami literature has been written at least since 1673.
Prose (in Sami language) has been written since 1910.
Prose
The first prose (in a Sami language) came in 1910: ["a story about the life of the Sami ]" Muitalus samiid birra. It was written by a wolf hunter, Johan Turi. The financing of the book, was by a Swedish captain of industry, Hjalmar Lundbohm(en).
The first novel (in a Sami language) came in 1912: ["dawn"] Beaivi-algu - by Anders Larsen.
References
Literature by ethnicity
European literature
Lorena González

Maria Lorena Gonzalez (born February 20, 1977) is an American lawyer and former politician. She was a member of the Seattle City Council from position 9. She was the first Latina elected to the council. She was a candidate for mayor of Seattle in 2021 but lost to Bruce Harrell.
References
1977 births
Living people
Politicians from Seattle
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
South Hams

South Hams is a district on the south coast of Devon, England, with its headquarters in the town of Totnes. The largest town in the district is Ivybridge. Part of Dartmoor National Park is in the district.
During World War II, part of South Hams was used by the Allies as training for the Normandy invasion.
1974 establishments in England
2021 San Francisco 49ers season

The 2021 season is the San Francisco 49ers' 72nd season in the National Football League and their fifth under the head coach Kyle Shanahan. They finished the regular season with 10 wins and 7 lossses, and advanced to the playoffs as the 6th seed. In the playoffs, they upset the 3rd-seeded Dallas Cowboys (who had 12 wins and 5 losses) and the 1-seed Green Bay Packers (13 wins and 4 losses), but lost in the NFC title game to division rival Los Angeles Rams.
Draft
Regular season
Schedule
The 49ers' 2021 schedule was announced on May 12.
Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.
Standings
Division
Conference
Postseason
Schedule
2021 National Football League season by team
2021 in California
San Francisco 49ers
Nathan Fillion

Nathan Christopher Fillion (; born March 27, 1971) is a Canadian-American actor. He was born in Edmonton, Alberta. Fillion is best known for the lead role of Captain Malcolm Reynolds in the television series Firefly and its movie continuation, Serenity, as well as his role as Richard Castle on the ABC series Castle.
References
Other websites
1971 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian stage actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American video game actors
Actors from Edmonton
The George Inn

The George Inn is a public house in Southwark, London. It is on the east side of Borough High Street, close to London Bridge. It is the last galleried inn in London. It stands on a site where Shakespeare was said to have once acted in a similar galleried inn. The present inn was built in 1677. It was an important coaching post in the past. Charles Dickens speaks of the inn in Little Dorrit.
The inn's long wooden exterior galleries are the only means of moving from one room to another on the first and second floors. A Victorian coffee room is downstairs. Upstairs, there is a large paneled dining room. The George Inn is owned by the National Trust.
References
Fedden, Robin and Rosemary Joekes. 1973. The National Trust Guide to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 3rd edition. Norton. pgs. 339-340. .
Inns
National Trust properties
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Southwark
Wilmer Gómez

Wilmer Gomez (born 15 May 1951) is a footballer from Ecuador. Wilmer played for the Ecuador national football team in 1975.
References
Other websites
1951 births
Living people
Ecuadorian footballers
James Wisniewski

James Joseph Wisniewski (born February 21, 1984 in Canton, Michigan) is an NHL ice hockey defenceman that is currently an unrestricted agent. He was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks with the 156th overall pick in the 2002 NHL Draft.
Wisniewski also played for the Chicago Blackhawks for 4 seasons, the Anaheim Ducks for 2 seasons, the New York Islanders for 1 season and the Montreal Canadiens for 1 season before his rights were traded to the Columbus Blue Jackets for a conditional seventh-round draft pick in 2012 for the Canadiens. The draft pick will become a fifth-rounder if Columbus actually signs Wisniewski.
Awards
He was named to the OHL First All-Rookie Team in the 2000-01 season.
He was named to the OHL First All-Star Team in the 2003-04 season.
He won the OHL Max Kaminsky Trophy in the 2003-04 season.
He was named to the CHL First All-Star Team in the 2003-04 season.
He was named the CHL Defenceman of the Year in the 2003-04 season.
References
Other websites
James Wisniewski's Official website
1984 births
American ice hockey defensemen
Anaheim Ducks players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Montreal Canadiens players
New York Islanders players
Sportspeople from Michigan
Living people
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Kenji Suzuki

Kenji Suzuki (born 3 September 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.
Club career statistics
|-
|2005||Tokyo||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||Albirex Niigata Singapore||S. League||28||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||31||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Tokyo||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Gainare Tottori||rowspan="3"|Football League||8||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||1
|-
|2009||19||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||3
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
27||4||0||0||0||0||27||4
28||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||31||0
55||4||3||0||0||0||58||4
|}
References
Gainare Tottori
1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Akita Prefecture
Michael Kremer

Michael Robert Kremer (born November 12, 1964) is an American development economist of Jewish descent. He is the Gates Professor of Developing Societies at Harvard University. In 2019 he was jointly awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, together with Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty."
References
Other websites
Home page
Innovations for Poverty Action
1964 births
Living people
American economists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Harvard University faculty
Educators from New York City
Scientists from New York City
Jenni Williams

Jennifer Louise "Jenni" Williams is an activist from Zimbabwe. She started the organization WOZA (Women of Zimbabwe Arise) to protest the Zimbabwe government. In 2007 she received an International Women of Courage Award.
Life
Willimas has an Irish grandfather and a Matabele grandmother. When she was sixteen years old, she left school to take care of her brothers and sisters.
Work
From 1994 to 2002 Williams was head of a public relations company.
In 2003 Williams started WOZA to work for women's rights and government reform. By 2009, she had been in prison more than 50 times.
Awards
International Women of Courage Award (2007)
Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award (2009)
Ginetta Sagan award (2012)
References
Living people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Zimbabwean activists
1962 births
American feminists
American human rights activists
Cláudio Brito

Claudio Brito is a retired handball player from Brazil. Claudio competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He was born on 5 April 1965.
References
Other websites
1965 births
Living people
Brazilian handball players
Brazilian Olympians
Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton

James Brian Edward Hutton, Baron Hutton, PC (29 June 1932 - 14 July 2020) was a British politician and lawyer. He was the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland from 1989 to 1997 and Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1997 to 2004. Hutton was born in Belfast.
Hutton died on 14 July 2020, aged 88.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
People from Belfast
Law lords
Netcall

Netcall is a software company that provides technological solutions for businesses to engage with their customers. The company's headquarters is located in Hemel Hempstead, United Kingdom.
Overview
The company provides software services to the healthcare, public, and private sectors by designing, developing, and marketing communication, low-code platform, robotic process automation, workforce management, and business process management software services. The company provided call handling technology to more than 600 private and public sector organizations.
Achievements
In the year 2000, the company developed a product called QueueBuster. In 2009, Netcall acquired Q-Max Systems Limited, which provided workforce management software to contact centers. In 2010, the company acquired Telephonetics. The company acquired Bury St. Edmund-based Serengeti Systems in 2012. In August 2017, it acquired MatsSoft. In October 2020, Netcall acquired Automagica.
References
Software companies of the United Kingdom
Hertfordshire
Kasuga, Fukuoka

Kasuga is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan.
Cities in Fukuoka Prefecture
Eric Liddell

Eric Henry Liddell (; 16 January 1902 - 21 February 1945) was a British Olympic gold medalist runner, Scottish rugby union international player, and Christian missionary. He was born in China to Scottish missionary parents.
At the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, Liddell refused to run because they were held on a Sunday. Instead he competed in the 400 metres held on a weekday, a race that he won. He returned to China in 1925 to be a missionary teacher.
Liddell's Olympic training and racing, and the religious convictions that influenced him, are shown in the Oscar-winning 1981 movie Chariots of Fire, in which he is played by Ian Charleson.
Liddell died from brain cancer on 21 February 1945 at the Japanese run Weixian Internment Camp in Weifang at the age of 43.
References
1902 births
1945 deaths
British athletes
British Olympic bronze medalists
British Olympic gold medalists
British people of World War II
British Protestants
British teachers
Congregationalists
Deaths from brain cancer
Cancer deaths in China
Missionaries
Scottish Christians
Sportspeople from Edinburgh
Strawberry, Marin County, California

Strawberry is a census-designated place (CDP) and an unincorporated district of Marin County, California, United States. There were 5,447 people living in Strawberry at the 2020 census.
References
Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Volkswagen Golf Plus

The Volkswagen Golf Plus is a minivan based on the Volkswagen Golf.
First generation
The first generation of the Golf Plus were launched in 2005, and were based on the Volkswagen Golf Mk5.
Models
1.4: 16-valve naturally-aspirated petrol engine with multipoint injection and 55 kW (until 2006) or 59 kW (from 2007)
1.6: 8-valve naturally-aspirated petrol engine with multipoint injection and 75 kW
1.6 FSI: 16-valve naturally-aspirated petrol engine with direct injection and 85 kW
2.0 FSI: 16-valve naturally-aspirated petrol engine with direct injection and 110 kW
1.4 TSI: 16-valve turbocharged petrol engine with direct injection and 90 kW, 103 kW, 118 kW, or 125 kW
1.9 TDI: 8-valve turbocharged diesel engine with or without particulate filter with 66 kW or 77 kW
2.0 TDI: 16-valve turbocharged diesel engine without particulate filter with 100 kW or 103 kW
2.0 TDI: 8-valve turbocharged diesel engine with particulate filter and 103 kW
Second generation
The second generation of the Golf Plus were launched in 2009, and were based on the Volkswagen Golf Mk6.
Models
1.4: 16-valve naturally-aspirated petrol engine with multipoint injection and 59 kW
1.6: 8-valve naturally-aspirated petrol engine with multipoint injection and 75 kW
1.2 TSI: 8-valve turbocharged petrol engine with direct injection and 77 kW
1.4 TSI: 16-valve turbocharged petrol engine with direct injection and 90 kW or 118 kW
1.6 TDI: 16-valve turbocharged diesel engine with particulate filter and 66 kW or 77 kW
2.0 TDI: 16-valve turbocharged diesel engine with particulate filter and 81 kW
2.0 TDI: 16-valve turbocharged diesel engine with particulate filter and 103 kW
Golf Plus
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Highland Park, Michigan

Highland Park is a city in Wayne County in the State of Michigan. The population was 11,776 at the 2010 census.
Cities in Michigan
Gido Kokars

Gido Kokars (16 August 1921 - 10 March 2017) was a Latvian conductor. He was the twin brother of Imants Kokars, who was also a renowned conductor. He was born in Gulbene, Latvia. His career began in 1951.
Career
In 1951, he graduated from a music school in Cesis. In 1956, he conducted at the Latvian Conservatory choir conducting class. During the period from 1951 to 1958, he was the Riga Pedagogical Institute music teacher. He conducted at the Institute of the mixed choir "Daina". Later, Kokars conducted Riga radiorupnica (RRR) men's choir "Auseklis" folk choir "Daile", Bauska District Teachers Choir "Daina", chamber choir "Ave Sol" (was it an artist and director). Several Latvian Song and Dance Festival conductor.
Death
Kokars died on 10 March 2017 in Riga, Latvia, aged 95.
References
1921 births
2017 deaths
Latvian writers
Twin people
Latvian educators
Latvian conductors
Gerry Plamondon

Joseph Gerard Roger Plamondon (January 5, 1924 - January 26, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played 74 games in the National Hockey League with the Montreal Canadiens. He was born in Sherbrooke, Quebec. He won the Stanley Cup in 1946. Plamondon was the last surviving member of Canadiens 1946 Stanley Cup team.
Plamondon died on January 26, 2019 in Sherbrooke at the age of 95.
References
1924 births
2019 deaths
Canadian ice hockey players
Montreal Canadiens players
Sportspeople from Quebec
American Hockey League players
2014 Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament

The 2014 Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament was the first Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament, an annual event run by the Federacion Deportiva de Mexico de Hockey sobre Hielo. It took place in Mexico City, Mexico between March 2 and March 9, 2014. Canada won the tournament, winning all five of its game and defeating Mexico in the gold medal game. Colombia finished third place after defeating Argentina in the bronze medal game.
Participants
North America
(host)
South America
Round-robin
Standings
Schedules
(UTC-06:00)
Final round
Bronze medal game
(UTC-06:00)
Gold medal game
(UTC-06:00)
Final standings
References
Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament
Underwood, North Dakota

Underwood is a city in McLean County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 778 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in North Dakota
Varberg Municipality

Varberg Municipality () is a municipality in Halland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Varberg.
References
Other websites
Varberg Municipality
Municipalities of Halland County
Hélène Langevin-Joliot

Helene Langevin-Joliot (born 19 September 1927) is a French nuclear physicist. Her parents were Irene Joliot-Curie and Frederic Joliot-Curie. She is a member of the French government's advisory committee.
She is a professor of nuclear physics at the Institute of Nuclear Physics at the University of Paris and a director of research at the CNRS.
References
1927 births
French physicists
French educators
Scientists from Paris
Aulendorf

Aulendorf is a town in the district of Ravensburg, in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. It is southwest of Biberach an der Riss and north of Ravensburg.
References
Other websites
Grindr

Grindr is a piece of social networking software for smartphones. It is built for gay and bisexual men to chat with other men in their area. It is used to find people for sex or to go on a date.
References
LGBT
Social networking
Mount Whymper (Edward)

Mount Whymper, 2.844 m, is a mountain on the Canadian Rocky Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. It is in the Vermilion Pass area, Kootenay National Park.
The mountain is named for its first conqueror, the English alpinist, explorer, writer and engraver Edward Whymper.
In 1901, Whymper and his four guides (Joseph Bossoney, Christian Kaufmann, Christian Klucker, and James Pollinger) first climbed Mount Whymper. It was renamed to honour him. Before the mountain was named Mount Lefroy. Whymper was exploring the area sponsored by Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) to promote the Canadian Rocky Mountains and the railway in his conferences.
There is another Mount Whymper in British Columbia, on Vancouver Island. It is named for Edward's brother Frederick Whymper.
References
Mountains of British Columbia
Sergines

Sergines is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Motorcade

A motorcade (or convoy, carcade, autocade) is a number of vehicles driving in the same direction on official business.
Uses of motorcades
VIPs
Motorcades can be used to transport a very important person (VIP), usually a political figure. Such a motorcade is usually accompanied by police cars and other protection. This is to make sure the people in the motorcade are safe. For instance, motorcades for presidents often have four to six armoured cars, with police motorcycles and cars going in front and behind.
Depending on the size of the motorcade and who it is carrying, streets may be completely blocked off so no-one else can use them. This is common for the security of heads of state or government.
Protests and demonstrations
Motorcades can be used as protests and demonstrations. A large, organised, group of vehicles will travel a busy route at very slow speed. They do this to deliberately cause traffic disruption. This is often in relation to protest groups that have access to many large vehicles, such as truckers and farmers.
Funerals
A funeral cortege is a group of mourners following a hearse in a motorcade of cars.
References
Other websites
Detailed description of the motorcade of the President of the United States
Diplomacy
Security
Road transport
Peter Hardeman Burnett

Peter Hardeman Burnett (November 15, 1807 - May 17, 1895) was an American politician. He was the first Governor of California, Burnett was also a white supremacist. He tried to ban black people from California and supported genocide of the state's indigenous peoples. He was Governor from December 20, 1849 to January 9, 1851. He was also the first California Governor to resign.
References
Other websites
Peter Hardeman Burnett at the Roman Catholic Encyclopedia
Peter Burnett biography at the California State Library
Guide to the Peter H. Burnett Papers at The Bancroft Library
He wrote this book in 1860 and can be read for free at Google Books The path which led a Protestant lawyer to the Catholic Church
Peter H. Burnett. California Supreme Court Historical Society. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Past & Present Justices. California State Courts. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
1807 births
1895 deaths
Governors of California
Lawyers from San Francisco
Politicians from San Francisco
Lawyers from Nashville, Tennessee
Politicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
American Roman Catholics
Deaths from diabetes
AIRES Flight 8250

The accident of AIRES Flight 8250 occurred on August 16, 2010 on the runway of the Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport in San Andres, Colombia. The Boeing 737-700 with registration HK-4682 of the Colombian airline AIRES took off from the El Dorado International Airport in Bogota, Colombia and during landing under a strong electrical storm the plane lost control when it touched down meters before entering the runway. which caused the aircraft to split into three parts and remain in one of the airport's headwaters. Two people died and 114 more were injured.
Crew
The crew consisted of 6 people, Captain Wilson Gutierrez (43), First Officer Camilo Pineros Rodriguez (25), and 4 flight attendants.
Investigation
The entity that governs the Civil Aviation of Colombia (Aerocivil) sent a commission made up of its director and several investigators and those responsible for the security of Aires to determine the causes of the accident. The Colombian Minister of Transportation, German Cardona Gutierrez, also traveled to San Andres to assess the damage and attributed the accident to bad weather conditions as a result of a strong electrical storm that fell on the island when the plane landed. However, after years of investigation with personnel from the same airline, it became known that days before the AIRES accident an aircraft of the same company had faced adverse weather conditions for landing on San Andres Island. At that time, the flight had to go to its alternative airport in Panama, an action that had a strong economic impact at the time the airline passed through, which is why the pilots were under pressure from the airline to carry out the landing. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the failure of the human factor can not only come from the crew of an aircraft, but also from an external environment, as was the case with the AIRES accident.
The investigation concluded that the crash was caused by the misjudgement by the crew of the aircraft's altitude during the last phase of the approach.
In popular culture
The accident is featured in the fifth episode of Season 20 of Air Crash Investigation, also known as Mayday. The episode is titled "Runway Breakup".
References
2010 in South America
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2010
Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
Ebrahim Raisi

Ebrahim Raisi (; born on 14 December 1960) is an Iranian politician, jurist and cleric. Raisi is the 8th and current President of Iran since 2021. He was the Chief Justice from 2019 until 2021. He has been attorney general from 2014 to 2016, Deputy Chief Justice from 2004 to 2014 and member of the Assembly of Experts since 2007.
He registered for the presidential election held on 19 May 2017, losing against Hassan Rouhani. He ran again for the presidency in 2021 and won the election in a landslide victory.
Capital Market Activists protested the Iranian President
6 months after Ebrahim Raisi's office, the situation of the capital market was still disappointing. The total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange has fallen by more than 30 thousand units in today's transactions and reached 1 million 275 thousand units.
In this case, while most of the market shares returned to negative, the shareholders made the "first_priority_borsa" tag a trend in the virtual area.
This hashtag was created to protest the passive behavior of the President and the economic team about the situation of the capital, and states that Ebrahim Raisi would be the first priority of the stock market before the elections.
References
1960 births
Living people
Iranian clerics
Presidents of Iran
Current national leaders
Chief Justices of Iran
Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List
People from Mashhad
Besana in Brianza

Besana in Brianza is a comune in the Province of Monza and Brianza in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Settlements in Lombardy
Earle Hyman

Earle Hyman (October 11, 1926 - November 17, 2017) was an American actor. He was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. Hyman was known for his role on ThunderCats as the voice of Panthro. He also appeared on The Cosby Show as Cliff's father Russell Huxtable. He made his Broadway stage debut as a teenager in 1943 in Run, Little Chillun.
In 1980, he was nominated for a Tony Award and in 1986, was nominated for an Emmy Award.
Hyman died on November 17, 2017 in Englewood, New Jersey of stomach cancer at the age of 91.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Cancer deaths in New Jersey
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from North Carolina
People from Rocky Mount, North Carolina
Kenny Solomon

Kenneth Terence Solomon (born 8 October 1979), is the first-ever South African chess Grandmaster to get the title without reaching the required rating of 2500. He is currently the only Grandmaster from the country and second in Sub-Sahara.
References
Other websites
Kenny Solomon chess games at 365Chess.com
1979 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Sportspeople from Cape Town
Maisonsgoutte

Maisonsgoutte is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Anjelica Huston

Anjelica Huston (born July 8, 1951) is an American stage, television, voice, movie actress, and movie director.
Career
Huston is mostly known for her role as Morticia Addams in the movie The Addams Family and its sequel Addams Family Values, as well as her role as the Grand High Witch in The Witches.
Personal life
She is the daughter of director John Huston and granddaughter of actor Walter Huston. She won a Golden Globe Award in 2004.
She was born in Santa Monica, California on July 8, 1951. She dated Jack Nicholson from 1973 until they separated in 1989. Huston was married to Robert Graham, Jr. from 1992 until his death in 2008. They had no children. Her career started in 1967. She now lives in Three Rivers, California.
References
Other websites
1951 births
Living people
Actors from Santa Monica, California
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Movie directors from California
Charlene, Princess of Monaco

Charlene, Princess of Monaco (born 25 January 1978), is the wife of Prince Albert II. She is a former Olympic swimmer.
Early Life
Charlene was born at Mater Dei Hospital in Bulawayo, Rhodesia, She is eldest child of Michael Wittstock and Lynette Wittstock, Wittstock family also from Germany. She have two brothers is calling as Gareth and Sean her family, Her brother is a coffee house businessman in Monaco, Another brother as a promotions and events businessman in South Africa. Her great-great-grandparents is a emigrated to South Africa from the Pomeranian village of Zerrenthin in northern Germany in 1861 to escape hardship. In South Africa, the Wittstocks worked as handyworkers and unsuccessfully prospected for diamonds.
She studied at Tom Newby Primary school in Benoni, South Africa.
Swimming Career
References
Olympians
Commonwealth Games medallists
Princes and princesses of Monaco
1978 births
Living people
Monegasque sportspeople
Mike Knox

Michael Shawn Hettinga (born on July 17, 1978) is an American professional wrestler that is currently working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He is best known for working with WWE on all three brands (Raw, SmackDown and ECW) from 2006 to 2010. He was released from his WWE contract on April 23, 2010. He had a dark match in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in May, 2012.
References
American professional wrestlers
1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from California
Former WWE wrestlers
San Bernardino, California
Daryle Singletary

Daryle Bruce Singletary (March 10, 1971 - February 12, 2018) was an American country music singer. He was born in Cairo, Georgia. Between 1995 and 1998, he recorded for Giant Records: Daryle Singletary in 1995, All Because of You in 1996 and Ain't It the Truth in 1998. He reached number two with "I Let Her Lie" and "Amen Kind of Love", and number four with "Too Much Fun".
A third album of covers, 2007's Straight from the Heart, was issued on the independent Shanachie Records label. He returned to Jack Noseworthy Studios (now renamed E1 Music) in 2010, to release Rockin' in the Country.
Singletary died of a blood clot in Lebanon, Tennessee on February 12, 2018 at the age of 46.
References
Other websites
DaryleSingletary.net
AGR Television Records International Record Label of Daryle Singletary (multi-lingual)
1971 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from blood clot
American country singers
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Cairo, Georgia
Jewell County, Kansas

Jewell County (county code JW) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 3,077 people lived there. Its county seat is Mankato. Mankato is also the biggest city in Jewell County.
History
In 1887, Jewell County was created. It was named after Lieutenant Colonel Lewis R. Jewell of the 6th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry.
In 1887, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a railroad from Neva (3 miles west of Strong City) to Superior, Nebraska. This railroad connected Strong City, Neva, Rockland, Diamond Springs, Burdick, Lost Springs, Jacobs, Hope, Navarre, Enterprise, Abilene, Talmage, Manchester, Longford, Oak Hill, Miltonvale, Aurora, Huscher, Concordia, Kackley, Courtland, Webber, Superior.
Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.5%) is water.
People
Government
Presidential elections
Education
Unified school districts
Rock Hills USD 107
Communities
Cities
Burr Oak
Esbon
Formoso
Jewell
Mankato
Randall
Webber
References
More reading
Atlas and Plat Book of Jewell County, Kansas; Kenyon Co; 27 pages; 1921.
Standard Atlas of Jewell County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 59 pages; 1908.
Atlas of Jewell County, Kansas; Gillen & Davy ; 52 pages; 1884.
Other websites
County
Jewell County - Directory of Public Officials
Jewell County - Community Development Association
Historical
Jewell County Kansas History and Heritage Project, Genealogy
Maps
Jewell County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
1887 establishments in Kansas
Ginza

Ginza is an area of Central (Chuo) Tokyo ward, it is known for its expensive shops.
Related pages
Ginza Station
Tokyo Metro Ginza Line
Tokyo
Chhipahrmai Rural Municipality

Chhipaharmai Gaupalika () is a rural municipality in Parsa District of Nepal. There are 5 wards. Its area is and population is 26,671.
Municipalities of Nepal
Clarksville, New Zealand

The city in the state of Tennessee is at Clarksville, Tennessee
Clarksville is a small township. It is located three kilometres southwest of Milton in the Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand. State Highways 1 and 8 meet in Clarksville. The town was also once the location of a railway junction, where the Roxburgh Branch left the Main South Line. Construction of this branch line began in the 1870s and Clarksville acted as the junction until 1907, when an extension of the branch was built alongside the Main South Line into Milton to improve operations. This led to Milton being the junction until 1960, when the extension was removed and Clarksville regained its status as a junction until the branch was entirely closed in 1968.
References
Towns in New Zealand
Clutha District
Westhoffen

Westhoffen is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Alessandro Pistone

Alessandro Pistone (born 27 July 1975) is a former Italian football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1993/94||Solbiatese||Serie C2||20||1
|-
|1994/95||Crevalcore||Serie C1||29||4
|-
|1995/96||Vicenza||Serie A||6||0
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="2"|Serie A||19||1
|-
|1996/97||26||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||28||0
|-
|1998/99||3||0
|-
|1998/99||Venezia||Serie A||10||0
|-
|1999/00||Newcastle United||Premier League||15||1
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="7"|Everton||rowspan="7"|Premier League||7||0
|-
|2001/02||25||1
|-
|2002/03||15||0
|-
|2003/04||21||0
|-
|2004/05||33||0
|-
|2005/06||2||0
|-
|2006/07||0||0
|-
|2007/08||Mons||First Division||4||0
110||6
149||2
4||0
263||8
|}
1975 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Lockup (TV series)

The TV show Lockup is a program on the channel MSNBC that shows life for inmates of county jails and State prisons across the United States of America. The most common facilities shown include the L.A County jail, California's Corcoran state prison, Sedgwick County detention center Kansas, Charleston County jail South Carolina,
Different spinoffs of Lockup are
Lockup: Raw - A version with commentary from the production crew.
Lockup: Extended Stay - Where the crew continues filming at one jail or prison on a long term visit.
Lockup: Special Investigation - Profiling specific aspects of the justice system, like juvenile justice.
Lockup: World Tour -Visiting prisons abroad and looking into foreign justice systems.
American television series
Meitram

Meitram is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
References
Meitei surnames
Ferenc Mádl

Ferenc Madl (; 29 January 1931 - 29 May 2011) was a Hungarian legal scholar, professor and politician. He was the second President of the third Republic of Hungary between 4 August 2000 and 5 August 2005.
He was Minister of Education between 1993 and 1994 in the conservative cabinets of Jozsef Antall and Peter Boross. Madl ran unsuccessfully for the position of President of Hungary in 1995, loosing to Arpad Goncz. Five years later he was elected President.
References
1931 births
2011 deaths
Presidents of Hungary
Hungarian writers
Cry, Yonne

Cry is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Morbid Angel

Morbid Angel is an American death metal band. It was made in Tampa, Florida in 1983. It was made by Trey Azagthoth, Dallas Ward, and Mike Browning. Morbid Angel was one of the first death metal bands. They helped make death metal by playing thrash metal that sounded different. They were one of the first bands that used blast beats (a very fast type of drumming) and death metal singing. They were the first death metal band to make successful music. This is because they were a part of a large record label and their music videos were shown on MTV many times.
Their first three albums have inspired many other death metal musicians. These are Altars of Madness (1989), Blessed Are the Sick (1991), and Covenant (1993). These albums are about things such as Satanism and the occult. Other Morbid Angel albums are about things such as Sumerian gods, and have anti-religious lyrics.
The band's music is very complex. Decibel, a magazine, said that Trey Azagthoth was the best death metal guitarist ever. Azagthoth is the only original member still in the band. Morbid Angel is one of the best-selling death metal bands. Their third album, Covenant, sold over 150,000 copies.
Studio albums
Altars of Madness (1989)
Blessed Are the Sick (1991)
Covenant (1993)
Domination (1995)
Formulas Fatal to the Flesh (1998)
Gateways to Annihilation (2000)
Heretic (2003)
Illud Divinum Insanus (2011)
Kingdoms Disdained (2017)
References
Death metal bands
Musical groups established in 1983
Agustín Edwards Eastman

Agustin Ivan Edmundo Edwards Eastman (24 November 1927 - 24 April 2017) was a Chilean newspaper publisher. He was one of the richest people in Chile. He inherited his family's newspaper company El Mercurio SAP, which publishes Chile's leading national dailies El Mercurio and La Segunda. He was born in Paris.
Eastman has been described as a media baron, and was known for his right-wing views. Throughout his time as publisher, he has used El Mercurio SAP's newspapers to influence public opinion in Chile, and he supported the 1973 coup d'etat to oust socialist President Salvador Allende.
According to the U.S. Senate's Church Committee, he was one of the main Chilean participants in the Central Intelligence Agency's Operation Mockingbird campaign to influence the media in Latin American countries.
Eastman died on 24 April 2017 in Graneros, Chile from respiratory failure at the age of 89.
References
Other websites
Perfil
Agustin Edwards Eastman
Lios de familia: La oscura historia detras del edificio de el Mercurio
1927 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Chile
Chilean writers
Publishers
Chilean businesspeople
Writers from Paris
Jamie Babbit

Jamie Babbit (born November 16, 1970) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. She directed the movies But I'm a Cheerleader and The Quiet. She also directed certain episodes of Gilmore Girls, Malcolm in the Middle and The L Word.
In 1999, Babbit's movie But I'm a Cheerleader was given an NC-17 by the Motion Picture Association of America because of lesbian scenes. Seven years later, Babbit went on This Film Is Not Yet Rated about her experience with the MPAA.
Babbit was born in the Cleveland area of northern Ohio.
References
Other websites
1970 births
American television directors
Lesbians
LGBT directors
LGBT screenwriters
LGBT people from Ohio
Movie producers from Ohio
Movie directors from Ohio
Screenwriters from Ohio
People from Shaker Heights, Ohio
Living people
Danielle Lewis

Danielle Marie Lewis (born 17 August 1992) is a New Zealand water polo player. She is a member of the New Zealand women's national water polo team. She played at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships and 2015 World Aquatics Championships.
She was educated at Diocesan School for Girls, Auckland. She played for the University of Hawaii's women's water polo team.
References
1992 births
Living people
New Zealand water polo players
Celera

Celera is a corporation registered in California, U.S.A. It was founded to discover and sell information about DNA sequence analysis, especially the human genome. The company is now wholly owned by Quest Diagnostics, a corporation which runs clinical laboratory services.
Celera's first president, Craig Venter and Hamilton Smith were in charge of the original science. There was competition between Celera and the publicly funded Human Genome Project, which got much comment. Eventually, they agreed on a certain amount of co-operation.
References
Genetics
Companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Alameda, California
1998 establishments in California
Edmund March Blunt

Edmund March Blunt (born on June 20, 1770) was a ship navigator and he also was a publisher. He created a magazine called American Coastal Pilot. He was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He also lived in Ossining, New York. He had three sons.
References
1770 births
Year of death unknown
American explorers
People from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Time (Pink Floyd song)

Time is a 1973 song by Pink Floyd. It is on their famous album The Dark Side of the Moon. It is the fourth track on the album.
1974 songs
Pink Floyd songs
Progressive rock songs
Bursa Province

Bursa Province is a province of Turkey along the Sea of Marmara coast in northwestern Anatolia. It is next to Balikesir to the west, Kutahya to the south, Bilecik and Sakarya to the east, Kocaeli to the northeast and Yalova to the north. The province has an area of 11,043 km2 and 3,139,744 people lived there in 2021. Its traffic code is 16.
Most of the Bursa Province districts (and the city of Bursa) are in the Marmara Region, but the districts of Buyukorhan, Harmancik, Keles and Orhaneli are in the Aegean Region.
The city of Bursa was the capital of the Ottoman State between 1326 and 1365, until the Ottoman conquest of Edirne, then known as Adrianople, which became the new Ottoman capital between 1365 and 1453, until Constantinople became the final Ottoman capital.
Bursa Province
Father of the Bride (1950 movie)

Father of the Bride is a 1950 American comedy movie. It was directed by Vincente Minnelli. It stars Spencer Tracy, Elizabeth Taylor, Joan Bennett, Don Taylor, Billie Burke, and Leo G. Caroll. It was released on June 16, 1950.
References
Other websites
1950 romantic comedy movies
American comedy movies
1950s English-language movies
Movies about families
Movies about weddings
MGM movies
Movies directed by Vincente Minnelli
Alun Gwynne Jones, Baron Chalfont

Alun Arthur Gwynne Jones, Baron Chalfont, (5 December 1919 - 10 January 2020) was a British politician. He was a retired British Army officer and historian. He was awarded the Efficiency Medal in October 1950. He was a minister in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 1964 to 1970 and appointed to the Privy Council in the former year.
On 27 March 1967, in the House of Lords, Chalfont became the spokesman/figurehead for Harold Wilson. He was the author of several military history books on subjects including the Napoleonic Wars.
He retired from the House of Lords on 10 November 2015. Jones died on 10 January 2020 at the age of 100.
References
Other websites
Leigh Rayment's Peerage
UK Parliament
1919 births
2020 deaths
British centenarians
Political writers
British historians
British military personnel of World War II
Members of the House of Lords
Jane Swift

Jane M. Swift (born February 24, 1965) is an American politician. She was the 69th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, in office from 1999 to 2003. She was the Acting Governor of Massachusetts from 2001 to 2003. As of 2014, she is the only female governor in the state of Massachusetts. Swift is Republican.
Swift was born in North Adams, Massachusetts.
References
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Governors of Massachusetts
1965 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Cementum

Cementum is the hard outside layer of a tooth root. It is not present in the crown (part above the gums) portion of a tooth. Cementum allows periodontal ligaments to attach onto it, allowing tooth to be connected to the maxilla or mandible.
Composition
Cementum is made up of
45% to 50% hydroxyapatite (mineral found in teeth and bones)
50% to 55% collagen (mostly Type I collagen) and non-collagen organic matter
Development
The process of creating cementum is called cementogenesis. It is made by special type of cells known as cementoblasts. Cementoblasts are found on the surface of the cementum. When a cementoblast is no longer on the surface, or when it is found surrounded by cementum, it is then known as a cementocyte.
In contrast, cementoclasts are special cells that remove cementum instead of making cementum.
Cementoenamel junction
The cementoenamel junction, or the cervical line, is the where enamel and cementum meet. The cementum and enamel may meet in different ways.
As a butt joint: This is when the enamel meets and touches the cementum.
With a gap: The enamel and cementum do not meet and touch. The gap they leave exposes dentin underneath.
Overlapping: Cementum overlaps over the enamel.
Types
Cementum can be divided into two main types based on its location and whether it has cells or not.
Acellular cementum. The term acellular means that it does not have any cells in it. It can be found on the surface of the entire tooth root. It allows the tooth to anchor to the maxilla or mandible. Since acellular cementum does not have any cells, it cannot make any new cementum.
Cellular cementum. Unlike acellular cementum, cellular cementum contains cells. It can be found on the lower third of a tooth root. Since cellular cementum contains cells in it, it is able to make more cementum and repair damages. Cellular cementum is less hard than acellular cementum.
References
Teeth
Procyon

Procyon (a CMi, a Canis Minoris, Alpha Canis Minoris) is the brightest star in the constellation Canis Minor. To the naked eye, it appears to be a single star, the eighth brightest in the night sky with a visual apparent magnitude of 0.34.
It is actually a binary star system of a white main-sequence star of spectral type F5 IV-V, named Procyon A, and a faint white dwarf companion of spectral type DQZ, named Procyon B.
The reason for its brightness is not its intrinsic luminosity but its relative closeness to the Sun. Its distance was worked out by the European Space Agency Hipparcos astrometry satellite. It is just away, and is one of our nearest stellar neighbours. Its closest neighbour is Luyten's Star, about away.
Procyon forms one of the three vertices of the Winter Triangle, along with Sirius and Betelgeuse. Its colour index is 0.42, and its hue has been described as having a faint yellow tinge to it.
References
Binary stars
Automatic train operation

Automatic train operation (ATO) ensures partial or complete automatic train piloting and driverless functions.
Rail technologies
Aristau

Aristau is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Surprise, Arizona

Surprise is a city in Arizona in the United States.
Cities in Arizona
Embraer Emb-312 Tucano

The Embraer Emb-312 Tucano is a Brazilian single-turboprop military aircraft. Its cockpit has two seats. The Royal Air Force use Tucano built under licence by Shorts. More than 600 examples were built. Its main competitor is the Swiss Pilatus PC-9.
Brazilian military aircraft
312
Royal Air Force aircraft
La Réole

La Reole is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
References
Communes in Gironde
Hofors

Hofors is an urban area in the county of Gavleborg in Sweden. It is the seat of Hofors Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Gavleborg County