pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Roger Bannister

Sir Roger Gilbert Bannister (23 March 1929 - 3 March 2018) was an English athlete, physician and educator. He is best known for being the first person to run the mile in less than four minutes. Many people thought this was impossible, a natural limit of the human body, until he did it in 1954.
Bannister was born in Harrow, Middlesex. He was the first recipient of the Sports Illustrated "Sportsman of the Year" award in January 1955. He was a neurologist and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford. He retired in 2001.
Bannister was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2011. He died of the disease on 3 March 2018 in Oxford, England at the age of 88.
Quotations
"We run, not only because we think it is doing us good, but ... because it helps us to do other things better."
The man who can drive himself further once the effort gets painful is the man who will win.
"Every morning in Africa, a gazelle wakes up. It knows it must outrun the fastest lion or it will be killed. Every morning in Africa, a lion wakes up. It knows it must run faster than the slowest gazelle, or it will starve. It doesn't matter whether you're a lion or a gazelle--when the sun comes up, you'd better be running."
References
Other websites
1929 births
2018 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
Neurologists
Sportspeople from London
British medical doctors
State capitalism

State capitalism is an economic system where the state government controls most or all steps of making a product. Capitalism is an economic system calling for the private ownership of factories and everything needed to make a product - called the "means of production".
In Free-market capitalism, "private ownership" means that one, or a few, private owners who own a business have control over the means of production, even though the workers are the people who make the products.
Capitalism
Gertrude Poe

Gertrude Louise Poe (September 21, 1915 - July 13, 2017) was an American journalist, lawyer, real estate agent, insurance agent, and radio broadcaster. She was born in Granite, Maryland. Poe served as the editor of Laurel Leader in Laurel, Maryland from 1939 to 1980. She was known as "Maryland's First Lady of Journalism."
Poe turned 100 in September 2015.
Poe died on July 13, 2017 in Montgomery County, Maryland of respiratory arrest at the age of 101.
References
1915 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory arrest
Disease-related deaths in Maryland
American journalists
Lawyers from Maryland
American centenarians
American radio personalities
Writers from Maryland
Communes of the Bas-Rhin department

The following is a list of the 527 communes of the Bas-Rhin departement, in France.
(CUS) Communaute urbaine of Strasbourg, created in 1966.
(CAS) Communaute d'agglomeration of Sarreguemines Confluences, created in 2002, most of which is located in the Moselle departement.
Bas-Rhin
Iowa Writer's Workshop

The Iowa Writers' Workshop, at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, is a famous graduate-level creative writing program in the United States. Its official name is the Program in Creative Writing.
Students can earn a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in Creative Writing. This lets them teach Creative Writing at other colleges and universities. Because the program is also a workshop, students talk about their writing with each other and their teachers.
It is the oldest MFA writing program in America. It was started in 1936. Many successful writers have studied in this program. Some of its earliest teachers and visiting writers were Robert Frost, Robert Penn Warren, John Berryman, Dylan Thomas, and Robert Lowell.
Many teachers and students from the program have won Pulitzer Prizes in Fiction and Poetry. Some of them are:
John Berryman; 1965, 77 Dream Songs
John Cheever: 1979,The Stories of John Cheever
Rita Dove: 1987, Thomas and Beulah
Louise Gluck: 1993, The Dream of the Unified Field
Donald R. Justice: 1980, Selected Poems
Carolyn Kizer: 1985, Yin
Philip Levine: 1995, The Simple Truth
Robert Lowell: 1947, Lord Weary's Castle; 1974, The Dolphin
James Alan McPherson: 1978, Elbow Room
Marilynne Robinson: 2005, Gilead
Philip Roth: 1998. American Pastoral
W.D. Snodgrass: 1960, Heart's Needle
Mark Strand: 1999, Blizzard of One
James Tate: 1992, Selected Poems
Mona Van Duyn: 1991, Near Changes
Charles Wright: 1998, Black Zodiac
Robert Penn Warren: 1947, All the King's Men; 1958, Promises: Poems 1954-1956; 1979, Now and Then
References
Colleges and universities in Iowa
Writing
Education in the United States
Hosston, Louisiana

Hosston is a village in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, United States.
References
Villages in Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Chesters Bridge

Chesters Bridge is a Roman bridge over the River North Tyne at Chollerford, Northumberland, England.
In 2016, public access to Chesters Bridge's remnants was stopped because of flood damage.
Other websites
Bridges in England
Roman buildings and structures
Buildings and structures in Northumberland
2nd-century buildings and structures
Shawnee

The Shawnee people are a Native American tribe that originated in Tennessee. They are part of the Northeast Woodlands.
History
1800s
On November 7, 1825, a treaty was signed to move the Shawnee people from Ohio to Kansas.
Federal recognition
In 2000 the "Loyal" or "Cherokee" Shawnee were recognized as being different from the Cherokee Nation. They are now known as the "Shawnee Tribe".
Language
The Shawnee language, an Algonquian language, was spoken by 200 people in 2002, including over 100 Absentee Shawnee and 12 Loyal Shawnee speakers. The language is written in the Latin script. It has a dictionary and parts of the Bible were translated into Shawnee.
Famous leaders
A famous leader of the Shawnee tribe is Tecumseh.
References
Native Americans
John Irving

John Winslow Irving (born John Wallace Blunt Jr.; March 2, 1942) is an American-Canadian novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter.
Irving was born in Exeter, New Hampshire. His parents divorced before he was born. His name was changed when his mother married again. His step-father was a teacher at Phillips Exeter Academy. When he graduated from there, Irving went to the University of Pittsburgh. After one year there, he went to study in Vienna, Austria. He came back to the United States to study at the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop. One of his teachers there was Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.. In Iowa, he wrote his first novel, Setting Free the Bears.
He became well-known in 1978 when The World According to Garp came out. It was a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction in 1979. In 1999 he won an Academy Award for his screenplay of his novel The Cider House Rules. In 2018, he won the Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award.
Books
Setting Free the Bears (1968)
The Water-Method Man (1972)
The 158-Pound Marriage (1974)
The World According to Garp (1978)
The Hotel New Hampshire (1981)
The Cider House Rules (1985)
A Prayer for Owen Meany (1989)
A Son of the Circus (1994)
Trying to Save Piggy Sneed (1996)
A Widow for One Year (1998)
The Fourth Hand (2001)
Until I Find You (2005)
Last Night in Twisted River (2009)
In One Person (2012)
Avenue of Mysteries (2015)
The Last Chairlift (2022)
References
1942 births
American short story writers
American novelists
Living people
American screenwriters
Writers from New Hampshire
Mariana Resstom

Mariana Resstom is a Brazilian water polo player. She competed at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Brazilian water polo players
Franco Marini

Franco Marini (9 April 1933 - 9 February 2021) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. From 2006 to 2008. he was the president of the Italian Senate. From 1992 until 2013, he was a member of the Italian Parliament. He was born in St. Pio of the Chambers, Italy. From 1991 to 1992, he was the Minister of Labour.
Marini died on 9 February 2021 in Rome from COVID-19, aged 87.
References
1933 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Presidents of the Italian Senate
Hannibal Alkhas

Hannibal Alkhas (1930 - 2010) was a sculptor, painter and author. He was born in 1930 in Iran into an ethnic Assyrian and Christian family and spent his childhood and teenage years in Kermanshah, Ahwaz and Tehran. In 1951, Hannibal Alkhas moved to the United States in pursuit of his education and studied philosophy for three years at Loyola University of Chicago, Illinois.
From 1953 to 1958 he attended the Art Institute of Chicago where he earned his Bachelor's and Masters of Fine Arts.
In 1959, after the death of his father, the famous Assyrian writer Rabi Adai Alkhas, Hannibal Alkhas returned to Iran and began to teach painting, drawing, and art history at the Tehran School of Fine Arts for the next four years. During this time he established the successful Gilgamesh gallery, the first modern art gallery in Iran where aspiring young artists were introduced.
In 1963 he returned to the United States and taught a Monticello College in Illinois where he became the chairman of the art department.
In 1969 Hannibal again returned to Iran and spent the next eleven (11) years teaching at Tehran University [6].
He taught at Islamic Azad University in Iran.
Hannibal Alkhas has also created book illustrations, written poems and translated many poems to and from Assyrian. His works have been displayed in numerous exhibitions in Iran, Europe, Canada, Australia and the US.
Hannibal Alkhas died on September 14, 2010 at the age of 80 in the United States. He was suffering from cancer.
References
1930 births
2010 deaths
Assyrian people
Iranian artists
Iranian writers
Kary Mullis

Kary Banks Mullis (December 28, 1944 - August 7, 2019) was an American biochemist. In 1993, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Michael Smith for his role in discovering the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Career
The process of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was first described by Kjell Kleppe and 1968 Nobel laureate H. Gobind Khorana. It allows specific DNA sequences to be amplified (multiplied hugely). Mullis greatly improved the technique, and it became a standard tool in DNA research.
In 1983, Mullis was working for Cetus Corp. as a chemist. That spring, according to Mullis, he was driving his vehicle late one night, when he had the idea to use a pair of primers to bracket the desired DNA sequence and to copy it using DNA polymerase. This would allow a small strand of DNA to be copied almost an infinite number of times. Cetus took Mullis off his usual projects to concentrate on PCR full-time. Mullis succeeded in demonstrating PCR on December 16, 1983.
Cetus paid him a mere $10,000 for the discovery but later sold it to Hoffmann-La Roche, owned by Roche Holding Ltd., for $300 million.
Death
Mullis died on August 7, 2019 from pneumonia in Newport Beach, California at the age of 74.
Related pages
List of biologists
References
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in California
American biochemists
1944 births
Scientists from North Carolina
Donner Party

The Donner Party were a group of at least 87 American settlers who tried to cross the Sierra Nevada into California in the winter of 1846-47. Most historians count 87 members of the party. Stephen McCurdy in the Western Journal of Medicine includes three others, bringing the number to 90. 39 of them died from starvation, disease and the cold weather. The rest reached California the following year. They became famous in the history of the American West.
Journey
The party left Springfield, Illinois in April 1846. They were led by two brothers, Jacob and George Donner. The settlers followed the California Trail to Fort Bridger in Wyoming. From there, they left the trail to take a different route that was not used much. It was reportedly a shorter way to California. This route was called the Hastings' Cutoff. There was much hardship and suffering on this route. They wasted 18 precious days. Instead of being shorter, it took them much longer to get across Nevada.
On October 28, heavy snows trapped the settlers in the Sierra Nevada mountains. The group made shelters, but ran out of food. Some of them resorted to cannibalism in order to survive.
On December 16, seventeen people tried to go west again. Of these, two went back to the camp. Of the fifteen who kept going, seven stayed alive and reached a settlement on the western side of the mountains after 32 days. After this, a rescue party went back, and in about two weeks made it to one of the camps set up in the mountains. After this, three more groups tried to rescue those trapped in the mountains. The last person was rescued on April 7,1847. In all, 45 people from the original Donner Party died, and there were 36 who survived. All the survivors made it to California, but they disagreed about what happened during the winter and whose fault it was.
Memorials
Today, there are several memorials to the group, including a monument and the Donner Memorial State Park. A lake was also named after them.
In popular culture
Puppet History talked about the Donner Party in the episode "The Grisly Journey of the Donner Party."
References
1846
1847
1840s in California
American explorers
American cannibals
Social justice warrior

Social justice warrior (also known as SJW), is a pejorative term for people who support feminism or have left-wing opinions. Originally the term social justice warrior was used by people who generally supported left-wing politics and who were activists for social justice and meant it as a good thing.
In relation to the video games industry
After the Gamergate controversy where Carl Benjamin and Milo Yiannopoulos accused people who didn't think video game journalism was being used by feminists to spread political correctness of being social justice warriors, the name became a pejorative for someone who wanted video games and popular culture to be more politically correct or someone who was easily offended.
Sources
Activism
Ilze Jaunalksne

Ilze Jaunalksne is a Latvian journalist for a television news program. In 2007 she received the International Women of Courage Award.
Jaualksne reported on political corruption and buying votes. She won a court case against the government.
References
Latvian journalists
Living people
1976 births
Movie actors
Non-fiction literature
Television presenters
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Banda Los Recoditos

Banda Los Recoditos is a Mexican band. The members of the group formed the band in Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
History
In 1989, Banda Los Recoditos wad formed by a group of students. The band's name came from Banda el Recodo. This was because they were children of the band members from Banda el Recodo, a Mexican band formed by Cruz Lizarraga. Lizarraga invited the boys to perform at a birthday party for Jose Angel Espinoza Ferrusquilla, a family friend. After they were done singing, everyone was amazed at their talents. This helped them realize their love for music.
They started out by singing in celebrations in Mazatlan and other neighborhoods close by. They began to become popular among the people in the city. The band recorded their first album A Bailar de Cabllito. This album helped the band to tour in the United States, where they were asked to play. After the released, Pancho Barraza, and Alfonso Lizarraga joined Banda el Recodo.
In 1998, the band renamed their name to "Banda Vuelta De Rio". Alfonso Lopez had wanted to change the name. They recorded three independent albums. In 2001, they changed their band's name to "Banda Los RCS" (Banda Ritmo Con Sabor Sinaloense). However, in 2004, they changed their band name again to their original band name.
Carlos Perez, Luis Angel Franco, and Carlos Sarabia joined the band in 2004. They began recording Regional Mexican music. This was popularized by young Mexicans. In 2005, was given an award "Popular Breakthrough of the Year" at the Premios Oye!. This was for their third album Si No Existieras. In 2006, the band recorded an album with their parent's group Banda el Recodo called Dos Generaciones. In 2010, the band released !Ando Bien Pedo! their first major album. It reached to number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart. The single, which is the same name, reached number one on the Hot Latin Tracks chart as well. On September 19, 2010, Luis Angel Franco announced that the band is working on a new album. They released it in 2011 under the title A Toda Madre.
Band members
Source:
Discography
A bailar de Caballito (1990)
Lola la Bailera (1990)
Las rejas no matan (1991)
Tu abandono(1992)
Un Solo Cielo (1993)
Adios amor(1994)
Canto Para Ti (1995)
Siempre te voy a recordar (1996)
El Nylon (1997)
Y Todavia Hay Amor (1998)
Como La Primera Vez (2001)
Si No Existieras (2004)
Dos Enamorados (2005)
Vengo a Decirte (2007)
'!Ando Bien Pedo! (2010)
''A Toda Madre (2011)
References
Mexican musical groups
1989 establishments in North America
1980s establishments in Mexico
Uterine cancer

Uterine cancer, also known as womb cancer, is any type of cancer that starts from the tissue of the uterus. It can refer to several types of cancer, with cervical cancer being the most common type worldwide and the second most common cancer in women in developing countries. Endometrial cancer (or cancer of the inner lining of the uterus) is the second most common type, and fourth most common cancer in women from developed countries.
Risk factors depend on specific type, but obesity, older age, and human papillomavirus infection add the greatest risk of developing uterine cancer.
Early on, there may be no symptoms, but irregular vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or fullness may develop. If caught early, most types of uterine cancer can be cured using surgical or medical methods. When the cancer has extended beyond the uterine tissue, more advanced treatments including combinations of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery may be required.
References
Cancer
Hestra

Hestra is a locality in Gislaved Municipality in Jonkoping County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,306 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Jonkoping County
Trébabu

Trebabu () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Finistere
Bromont-Lamothe

Bromont-Lamothe is a commune in the Puy-de-Dome department in Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in central France.
References
Communes in Puy-de-Dome
Sverre Kjelsberg

Sverre Kjelsberg (18 October 1946 - 18 June 2016) was a Norwegian singer, musician (guitar, bass), composer and lyricist. He was a member of the band The Pussycats from 1964. He and Mattis Haetta represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980 with the entry Samiid AEdnan, which was composed by Kjelsberg and Ragnar Olsen.
On 18 June 2016, Kjelsberg was found dead in his home, aged 69. He had been ill with cancer, but was declared cancer-free in 2015.
References
1946 births
2016 deaths
Norwegian singers
Norwegian composers
Norwegian guitarists
Nicéphore Soglo

Nicephore Dieudonne Soglo (born November 29, 1934) is a Beninese politician. He was Prime Minister of Benin from 1990 to 1991 and President from 1991 to 1996. He was Mayor of Cotonou from 2003 to 2015.
References
1934 births
Living people
Presidents of Benin
Prime Ministers of Benin
Rijsoord

Rijsoord is a village in the province of South Holland, the Netherlands.
It belongs to the municipality of Ridderkerk and was a municipality until 1855.
Rijsoord has 3,005 people living there in 2022.
During World War II, the Dutch army surrendered to Nazi Germany in Rijsoord on May 15, 1940.
Related pages
German invasion of the Netherlands
References
19th-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Ridderkerk
Matt Holland

Matt Holland (born 11 April 1974) is an Irish-British footballer. He has played for Republic of Ireland national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|West Ham United||First Division||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|Premier League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1994/95||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="3"|Bournemouth||rowspan="3"|Second Division||16||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||1
|-
|1995/96||43||10||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||49||10
|-
|1996/97||45||7||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||48||7
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="6"|Ipswich Town||rowspan="3"|First Division||46||10||4||0||7||2||colspan="2"|-||57||12
|-
|1998/99||46||5||2||0||4||2||colspan="2"|-||52||7
|-
|1999/00||46||10||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||51||10
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Premier League||38||3||2||0||7||2||colspan="2"|-||47||5
|-
|2001/02||38||3||1||0||1||0||6||0||46||3
|-
|2002/03||First Division||45||7||2||0||1||0||6||0||54||7
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="6"|Charlton Athletic||rowspan="4"|Premier League||38||6||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||41||6
|-
|2004/05||32||3||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||36||3
|-
|2005/06||23||1||5||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||30||2
|-
|2006/07||33||1||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||36||1
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|League Championship||31||1||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||34||1
|-
|2008/09||34||1||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||38||1
554||69||30||1||39||6||12||0||635||76
554||69||30||1||39||6||12||0||635||76
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||5||1
|-
|2001||9||2
|-
|2002||12||1
|-
|2003||10||0
|-
|2004||6||1
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
!Total||48||5
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
English footballers
Irish footballers
People from Bury
Sportspeople from Greater Manchester
Premier League players
Wonder Woman (2017 movie)

Wonder Woman is an American superhero movie. It is based on the DC Comics character Wonder Woman. It is distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.
Background
The movie is intended to be the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe. The movie is directed by Patty Jenkins, written by Allan Heinberg, Geoff Johns and Patty Jenkins, and from a story by Heinberg and Zack Snyder. Principal photography began in late November 2015 and wrapped in May 2016. Wonder Woman was released on June 2, 2017 in the United States, in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D.
Cast
Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince
An Amazonian princess and main hero of the movie
Chris Pine as Steve Trevor
Wonder Woman's love interest and fighter pilot for the United States Military
Connie Nielsen as Queen Hippolyta
The Queen of the Amazons and the mother of Wonder Woman
David Thewlis as Ares
The main antagonist of the movie. The evil son of Zeus based on the Greek mythological god of War who pretends to be Sir Patrick Morgan
Robin Wright as General Antiope
The sister of Hippolyta and Wonder Woman's aunt
Lucy Davis as Etta Candy
Steve Trevor's best friend and secretary
Lisa Loven Kongsli as Menalippe
Antiope's lieutenant
Danny Huston as General Erich Ludendorff
General of the German Army
Elena Anaya as Doctor Poison
A mad scientist known for her works about poison and works with Gen. Ludendorff
Ewen Bremner as Charlie
Drunk sharpshooter and friend of Steve Trevor
Said Taghmaoui as Sameer
A Turkish spy who is friends with Steve Trevor
Awards
Records
The movie set many box office records, including becoming the highest-grossing movie directed by a woman, the biggest domestic opening for a movie directed by a woman, the highest-grossing superhero origin movie domestically, the largest opening for a female-led comic book movie.
Sequel
At the 2017 San Diego Comic Con, Warner Bros. officially announced a sequel would be released on December 13, 2019, and would be titled Wonder Woman 1984; the date was later moved up to November 1, 2019, to avoid competition with Star Wars: Episode IX.
References
Other websites
2017 action movies
Warner Bros. movies
American superhero movies
2010s American action movies
DC Extended Universe movies
2010s superhero movies
Wonder Woman movies
2010s feminist movies
Movies set on islands
Movies set in London
Movies set in France
Movies set in Germany
Movies set in Turkey
Movies directed by Patty Jenkins
Antica Dolceria Bonajuto

Antica Dolceria Bonajuto is a chocolate factory founded in Modica in 1880, known as the oldest in Sicily and one of the oldest in Italy.
History
Francesco Bonajuto founded the current place in 1880 but with the name of Caffe Roma, a socialist inspired meeting place, which became Antica Dolceria Bonajuto in 1992.
Over the years many illustrious people of the chocolate shop have been, among them: writer, journalist and art critic Leonardo Sciascia, his friend and colleague Gesualdo Bufalino, or American Journalists Raymond Walter Apple Jr. of the New York Times and Frederika Randall of the Wall Street Journal.
Awards
In 1911 Francesco Bonajuto's chocolates won the gold medal at the Turin Universal Exposition (1911) which was organized in conjunction with other national exhibitions such as those in Rome (where Bonajuto was awarded) and Florence.
Bibliography
The Bonajuto confectionery. History of the oldest chocolate shop in Sicily, Giovanni Criscione, Palermo, Kalos edizioni d'arte, 2014.
The wooden biscuit, Raffaele Poidomani, Modica, Bonajuto, 2005.
Related pages
Cacao tree
Cocoa butter
References
Other websites
https://www.bonajuto.it/ (official site)
Sicily
Dog food

Dog food is food Dog food is food made for dogs. Dogs are omnivores but they like to eat meat. They have sharp, pointed teeth and shorter gastrointestinal tracts of carnivores, better suited for meat than vegetables. Their feeding habits evolved as they lived with humans in agricultural societies and ate scrap leftovers and excrement from humans. Dogs' ability to digest carbohydrates easily may be a key difference between dogs and wolves.
The first food was made specifically for dogs in the nineteenth century, Spratt's Patent Dog Biscuit. In the United States people spent around $23.3 billion in 2022 on dog food.
References
Foods by type
Dogs
Gopala (Pala king)

Gopala I was the founder of the Pala Empire of Bengal , Indian subcontinent. He came to power around 750 CE in Gaur after being elected by a group of regional chieftains (leaders). Pala means "protector". The word Pala comes in every Pala ruler's name.
Family
The name of Gopala's father is Vapyata. His grandfather is Dayitavishnu. The Khalimpur copper plate of Gopala's son Dharmapala refers Vapyata as "killer of enemies". It also describes Dayitavishnu as Sarva-vidyavadata ("all-knowing" in the meaning of "highly educated").
Reign
According to Manjusrimulakalpa, Gopala died at the age of 80, after a reign of 27 years.Not much is known about his life or military career. But at the time of his death, he left a large empire to his son Dharmapala.
Reference
Pala Empire
Ito Curata

Ito Curata (2 November 1959 - 26 March 2020) was a Filipino fashion designer. He worked creating bridal gowns and Filipiniana clothing. His well known clients were Hollywood actress Sharon Stone, former Philippine president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and Filipino actress Bea Alonzo. He was born in Manila.
He and his partner Miller were hospitalized in mid march due to COVID-19 symptoms in Manila. Curata died on March 26, 2020 due to pneumonia caused by the infection, aged 60.
References
1959 births
Filipino businesspeople
Fashion designers
LGBT fashion designers
Gay men
2020 deaths
People from Manila
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines
Deaths from pneumonia
Mario Power Tennis

Mario Power Tennis, known as in Japan is a sport video game for the GameCube. The game was released in Europe and North America in 2004 and in Australia in 2005. The game was re-released on the Nintendo Wii as part of New Play Control!. And you released date only the Platfrorms complete.
Reviews
The game got very good reviews, including a score of 81.03% on GameRankings. It also received a score of 8.5 from IGN.
Other websites
Mario Power Tennis on Super Mario Wiki
References
Mario sports games
2005 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
Wii games
Zeebo games
Babar and the Adventures of Badou

Babar and the Adventures of Badou is a computer-animated television series for children. It was first broadcast in 2010. The series is based on the characters created by Jean and Laurent de Brunhoff. The series takes place several years after the original series. It has added new characters to the Babar universe. These include Badou. He is Babar's 8-year-old grandson and the protagonist of the series. The series is made for Disney by Nelvana, TeamTO and LuxAnimation, in co-production with TF1 with the Participation of Playhouse Disney France/The Walt Disney Company France. 65 episodes were made for three seasons.
The English version of the series first aired on September 6, 2010 in Australia on ABC2. It aired in France on TF1's TFOU strand on November 8, 2010, and in Canada on YTV on November 22, 2010. On September 16, 2010, Disney and Nelvana Enterprises said that the series would air in the United States on Playhouse Disney. The series started on June 13, 2010.
Babar and the Adventures of Badou was renewed for a second season. It began airing on Disney Junior on March 25, 2013. The third and final season aired from 2014 to 2015.
References
Canadian children's television series
Canadian animated television series
2010s Canadian television series
2010s French television series
French animated television series
2010s American children's television series
2010s American animated television series
2010 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
Gabriel Braga Nunes

Gabriel Braga Nunes (born February 7, 1972) is a Brazilian actor. He is best known for his work in telenovelas Essas Mulheres, Cidadao Brasileiro, Caminhos do Coracao and Poder Paralelo. He played a main role in Insensato Coracao for Rede Globo.
References
Other websites
1972 births
Living people
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
Actors from Sao Paulo
Katsuhiro Suzuki

Katsuhiro Suzuki (born 26 November 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Kokushikan University||rowspan="2"|Football League||22||2||2||2||colspan="2"|-||24||4
|-
|1999||4||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||6||2
|-
|2000||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||23||1||4||0||2||0||29||1
|-
|2002||27||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2003||40||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||41||0
|-
|2004||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2004||Volca Kagoshima||Regional Leagues||||||||||||||||
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Rosso Kumamoto||Regional Leagues||14||0||||||||||14||0
|-
|2006||Football League||19||0||||||||||19||0
155||4||12||3||3||0||170||7
155||4||12||3||3||0||170||7
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Flag of Vietnam

The flag of Vietnam, officially "red flag with a gold star" (co do sao vang), was designed in 1940. The background color is red and there is a yellow star. Red means revolution and victory while the yellow star means leadership of Communist Party of Vietnam. The star also means different grades of Vietnam.
References
V
Symbols of Vietnam
Barkingside tube station

Barkingside tube station is a London Underground station on the Central Line. It has been in Travelcard Zone 4 since 2 January 2007. It is on the eastern edge of Barkingside in the London Borough of Redbridge, at the end of a cul-de-sac called Station Road. The station is above ground and has two platforms - northbound and southbound. The station is located at .
Gallery
References
Other websites
London Transport Museum Photographic Archive
London Travelcard zone 4
Bürchen

Burchen (Walliser German: Birchu) is a municipality of the district Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website of Burchen
Municipalities of Valais
Tarja Halonen

Tarja Halonen (born December 24, 1943) is the former President of Finland. She is from Helsinki. She was elected in 2000 and 2006. Her mandate ended in 2012 and she left office on 1 March 2012.
References
1943 births
Living people
Presidents of Finland
Politicians from Helsinki
Social Democratic Party of Finland politicians
U. R. Ananthamurthy

Udupi Rajagopalacharya Ananthamurthy (; 21 December 1932 - 22 August 2014) was an Indian writer and critic. He wrote in the Kannada language. He was thought to be as one of the pioneers of the Navya movement. In 1998, he received the Padma Bhushan award from the Government of India.
He was the Vice-Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala during the late 1980s. He was one of the finalists of Man Booker International Prize for the year 2013.
Ananthamurthy died of cardiac arrest caused by renal failure on 22 August 2014 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, aged 81.
References
Other websites
1932 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in India
Indian educators
Indian writers
Mohammad Mokhber

Mohammad Mokhber Dezfuli () (born 1955) is an Iranian politician who is the 7th and current first vice president of Iran since August 8, 2021.
References
1955 births
Living people
Vice presidents of Iran
Antigen

An antigen is a molecule on the outside of a pathogen (a "germ"). It causes the production of antibodies which stick to the invading virus or bacterium. This is an immune response.
Antigens are usually a protein on the outside of a bacterium or virus. It gets recognized by the adaptive immune system as foreign, and this stimulates the production of antibodies. The antibodies combine with the antigens and make the invading virus or bacterium ineffective. Antigens stimulate the production of antibodies: they do not produce them directly. Vaccines for the seasonal flu virus is a common example.
The body system is normally tolerant of its own molecules, which don't trigger an attack. Autoimmune diseases are caused when this safeguard fails.
The first time that a new antigen comes into contact with the body the response of the immune system will be a complete immune response. During this first response, the antigen will cause antibodies to be made.
The next time the same antigen contacts the body, a full-scale immune response is not needed as the body already has a specific antibody available instantly for that antigen.
Vaccinations usually contain dead bacteria or antigen so the antibodies can recognise it later and make antibodies faster.
Terminology
Epitope - the distinct surface features of an antigen.
Allergen - A substance capable of causing an allergic reaction. The (detrimental) reaction may result after exposure via ingestion, inhalation, injection, or contact with skin.
Superantigen - A class of antigens that cause non-specific activation of T-cells, resulting in polyclonal T-cell activation and massive cytokine release.
Tolerogen - A substance that invokes a specific immune non-responsiveness due to its molecular form. If its molecular form is changed, a tolerogen can become an immunogen.
Immunoglobulin-binding protein - proteins that stick to antigens, for example the B-cell antigen receptor complex.
T-dependent antigen - Antigens that require the assistance of T cells to induce the formation of specific antibodies.
T-independent antigen - Antigens that stimulate B cells directly.
Immunodominant antigens - Antigens that dominate (over all others from a pathogen) in their ability to produce an immune response.
References
Immunology
Flag of convenience

Flag of convenience is a word from shipping. Every ship needs to be registered in a port. The laws of the port are valid for the ship's crew. In some countries the rules are not as strict as in others, or they are cheaper to use. Many owners of ships from other countries register their ships in one of those easy or cheap countries. The ship might never even come anywhere near that country, but it must fly the flag of the country where it was registered. This is then called a flag of convenience. Among the most popular flags are Panama, Marshall Islands and Liberia.
Law of the sea
Inuwa Abdulkadir

Inuwa Abdulkadir (12 January 1966 - 6 July 2020) was a Nigerian lawyer and politician. He was National Vice Chairman (North West) of the All Progressives Congress (APC). He was Federal Minister of Youth Development from 2012 to 2013 under the cabinet of President Goodluck Jonathan. He was born in Sokoto, Nigeria.
Abdulkadir died on 6 July 2020 in Sokoto from COVID-19, aged 54.
Personal Life
Inuwa died on 6 July, 2020VID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in NigInuwa a. He was married and had ten ch.dren.
Biography
Inuwa was born on 12 January 1966 in Sokoto state, Nigeria. He attended Ahmadu Bello Academy in Farufaru from 1977 to 1982, Inuwa received Bachelor of law from Usman Danfodio University in Sokoto from 1982 to 1990.
Political Career
President Goodluck Jonathan appointed Inuwa as the Federal Minister of Youth Development in 2012. Whereas in 2013 inuwa was removed from the office.
References
1966 births
2020 deaths
Nigerian lawyers
Nigerian politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Lynn Haven, Florida

Lynn Haven is a city of Florida in the United States.
Cities in Florida
West Pakistan

The province of West Pakistan was created on 14 October 1955 by the merger of the provinces, states and tribal areas of the western wing. The province was composed of twelve divisions and the provincial capital was established at Lahore. The province of East Bengal was renamed East Pakistan with the provincial capital at Dacca. The federal government moved in 1959 from Karachi to Rawalpindi (provisional capital until Islamabad was finished), whilst the federal legislature moved to DACCA.
West Pakistan formed a block whose people seemed homogeneous (similar to each other). However, the new region included people of different ethnicities and languages. The "One Unit Policy" was regarded as a rational administrative reform which would reduce spending and eliminate provincial prejudices. However with the military coup of 1958, trouble loomed for the province when the office of Chief Minister was abolished and the President took over executive powers for West Pakistan. The province of West Pakistan was dissolved in July 1970 by President Yahya Khan.
General elections held in December 1970 saw the Awami League under Mujibur Rahman win an overall majority of seats in parliament (all but two of the 162 seats allocated to East Pakistan). The Awami League advocated greater autonomy (or self-rule) for East Pakistan, but the military government did not permit Mujibur Rahman to form a government.
Stamp showing both the East and west divisions of Pakistan Before the secession of Bangladesh. On March 25th 1971, West Pakistan began a civil war to subdue the democratic victory of East Pakistanis. This began the war between the Pakistani military and the Mukhti Bahini. The resulting refugee crisis led to the intervention by India, eventually leading to the surrender of the Pakistani Army. East Pakistan suffered a genocide of its Bengali population. East Pakistan became the independent state of Bangladesh on December 16, 1971. The term West Pakistan became redundant.
Related pages
Dominion of Pakistan
References
20th-century establishments in Pakistan
Former subdivisions of Pakistan
1947 establishments in Asia
1970 disestablishments
1970s disestablishments in Asia
Lézardrieux

Lezardrieux is a commune. It is found in the Bretagne region in the Cotes-d'Armor department in the west of France.
Communes in Cotes-d'Armor
Geiger counter

A Geiger counter (sometimes called Geiger-Muller counter) is an instrument that measures ionizing radiation such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. It is best known as a hand held radiation survey instrument, but it can also be used as a bench instrument or permanently installed.
The original operating principle was discovered in 1908 and since the subsequent development of the Geiger-Muller tube in 1928 the counter has been a very popular instrument due to its robust sensing detector and element and relatively low cost.
Principle of operation
The radiation sensor is a Geiger-Muller tube which gives out an electronic signal when radiation is present.
The readout is counts or radiation dose. The counts display is commonly "counts per second". Radiation dose rate is displayed in a unit such as the sievert.
The readout can be analogue or digital, and modern instruments have communications with a computer or network.
There is usually an option to produce audible representing the radiation intensity. This allows the user to concentrate on manipulation of the instrument without looking at the display.
Types and applications
For alpha particles and low energy beta particles the "end window" type of GM tube is used as these particles have a limited range even in free air and are easily stopped by a solid material.
Geiger counters can be used to detect gamma radiation, and for this the windowless tube is used. A special type of the Geiger tube is used to measure neutrons.
Physical design
For hand-held units there are two fundamental physical configurations: the "integral" unit, with both detector and electronics in the same unit, and the "two-piece" design which has a separate detector probe and an electronics module connected by a short cable.
There is a particular type of gamma instrument known as a "hot spot" detector which has the detector tube on the end of a long pole or flexible conduit. These are used to measure high radiation gamma locations whilst protecting the operator by means of distance shielding.
History
In 1908 Hans Geiger, developed a technique for detecting alpha particles that would later be used in the Geiger-Muller tube. This counter was only capable of detecting alpha particles but in 1928 Geiger and Walther Muller developed the sealed Geiger-Muller tube which could detect more types of ionizing radiation and it became a practical radiation sensor. Once this was available, Geiger counter instruments could be produced relatively cheaply.
Related pages
Dosimeter - Device used by personnel to measure radiation dose they have received
Radioactive decay - Description of where much radiation originates from
References
Other websites
How a Geiger counter works.
Measuring tools
Vamachara

Vamachara or Vama marga (Left-Hand Path) are technical terms used for practices in tantra that are considered to be outside the usual Hindu social norms. The term Dakshinachara (Right-Hand Path) is used to refer to Tantric sects that stay within these social norms.
Hinduism
Stephen Greif

Stephen John Greif (; 26 August 1944 - 23 December 2022) was an English actor. He is known for his TV roles as Travis in Blake's 7 and Harry Fenning in three series of Citizen Smith. His movie credits include Casanova (2005) and Shoot on Sight (2007). Greif was born in Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire.
Greif died on 23 December 2022, at the age of 78.
References
Other websites
1944 births
2022 deaths
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
English movie actors
English radio actors
English television actors
Jewish British actors
Actors from Hertfordshire
Mamluk

Mamluks are members of a military caste that controlled Egypt from 1254 to 1811. Other mamluks held power in some other Muslim countries. The word means "slave" in the Arabic language and they began as slaves. In 1517 the Ottoman Empire conquered them, but Mamluks continued to be powerful. Muhammad Ali Pasha defeated them and took control of Egypt in 1811.
Other websites
Qur'an Carpet Page; al-Fatihah is an Islamic holy book that was owned by Mamluks from the 1300s
History of Egypt
Egyptian military people
1254 establishments
1811 disestablishments
Establishments in Egypt
Disestablishments in Africa
13th-century establishments in Africa
Peptide hormone

Peptide hormones are hormones whose molecules are peptide. Peptide hormones have shorter amino acid chain lengths than protein hormones. These hormones have an effect on the endocrine system of animals, including humans.
"The word peptide refers to peptide bonds between amino acids", according to media.
List of peptide hormones in humans
growth hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
insulin
leptin
luteinizing hormone (LH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
adropin
amylin
angiotensin
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
calcitonin
cholecystokinin (CCK)
gastrin
ghrelin
glucagon
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
oxytocin
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
prolactin
renin
somatostatin
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
vasopressin, also called arginine vasopressin (AVP) or anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
References
Chemistry
Goux-les-Usiers

Goux-les-Usiers is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Phoenician alphabet

The Phoenician alphabet was an alphabetic script that was used in the territories of modern-day Lebanon, Syria and Palestine from about the 12th century to the 5th century BC. It was written right to left. Only consonant sounds are written down, some versions have "helpers" for certain vowels.
It was used to write languages such as Phoenician and Aramaic. The script was developed from the earlier Proto-Sinaitic script. Later, the script developed into the Ancient Greek script. Most alphabetic scripts in use today are derived from the Phoenician alphabet.
Before using the modern Arabic numerals, the Arabic language used a system where each letter also had a numeric value; this system is known as Abjad.
Alphabets
Alphabet
Apathy

Apathy (also called impassivity) is a state of indifference or suppression of concern, not being excited or having no passion to perform things. Apathy is often expressed by people with schizoid personality disorder, depression and schizophrenia.
References
Emotions
Comma-separated values

In computing, a comma-separated values (CSV) file stores information you might find in a spreadsheet, such as a table of text, numbers, and dates, in a plain text file.
Format
Typically, the first line in a plain text file would contain header information, which are labels for table information organized vertically. Starting with the second line, each line would represent a row. Each cell in a row is separated by a comma, hence its name.
The following is a simple example of this type of file. The example has three columns (labeled 'name', 'age', and 'favorite color'), and four rows (including the header line at the top).name,age,favorite color
Alice,12,green
Bob,23,purple
Jane,34,blue
Escaping
Text in a cell may be surrounded by quotation character ("), to note the start and end of a cell (a particular column and row location) in a table. Quotation characters in a cell value in turn can be denoted by doubling the quotation character (""). This is primarily used to signify that a particular cell contains data that may be confusing to a computer that's trying to read the file. A common example of this is when a cell contains a comma as part of it's data. Without the quotation marks, it's unclear if the comma denotes a separation between cells:name,age
Smith, Joe,45
Choi, Ceri,56
Plummer, Olive,23or if it should be part of the cell's data:"name","age"
"Smith, Joe","45"
"Choi, Ceri","56"
"Plummer, Olive","23"
Compatibility
CSV is a way to describe table data. However, various applications may require different types of tables. Having a file in CSV format may not be enough for a file to be compatible with a particular application.
Furthermore, CSV is stored in plain text. An application may have problems reading a CSV file because of incompatibility with the plain text format, either because of the character encoding or line break format.
References
Data structures
Samahni Valley

Samahni valley is a valley located on the Line of Control that separates Azad Kashmir from Indian Occupied Kashmir. It covers an area of 1270 km2 and is the largest valley in Kashmir by area covered.
References
Valleys of Azad Kashmir