pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Shmuel Wosner

Shmuel HaLevi Wosner (4 September 1913 - 3 April 2015) was an Austrian-born Israeli rabbi and posek. He lived in Bnei Brak, Israel. He was known as the Shevet HaLevi after his major work. He turned 100 in 2013. He was born in Vienna.
Wosner died in Bnei Brak, Israel at the age of 101.
References
Other websites
"Pacification or Connection" (2013)
Rav Shmuel Wosner: Can A Baal Korei Read The Torah With A Transparent Overlay
HaRav Shmuel Halevi Wosner
Rav Wosner asks a Kallah for a Blessing
1913 births
2015 deaths
Austrian Jews
Israeli centenarians
Israeli rabbis
Jewish centenarians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Vienna
David Stockman

David Alan Stockman (born November 10, 1946) is a former businessman and American politician. He served as a Republican U.S. Representative from the state of Michigan (1977-1981) and as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (1981-1985) under President Ronald Reagan.
References
1946 births
Living people
American Methodists
Businesspeople from Michigan
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
Harvard University alumni
United States representatives from Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
M90 motorway

The M90 is a motorway in Scotland. It runs from the M9 near Edinburgh to Perth. It then carries on as the A90, towards Dundee and Aberdeen, and the A9, towards Inverness. The motorway is about long. It is the main road that links Edinburgh and Glasgow with the north of Scotland.
Junctions
References
Motorways in Scotland
Ba Yongshan

Ba Yongshan is an archer from China. He was born on 6 August 1961. Yongshan competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
References
Other websites
1961 births
Living people
Chinese archers
Chinese Olympians
Sea of Japan

The Sea of Japan is a sea in the western Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Korea to the west, Russia to the north and Japan to the east and south.
South Korea calls it the East Sea, while North Korea calls it the East Sea of Korea.
Geography
The Sea of Japan is a sea in the north-western edge of the Pacific Ocean. It is separated from the ocean by the Japanese Archipelago, including Sakhalin, Hokkaido and Honshu. It is surrounded by these islands and the Eurasian Continent. It covers 978,000 square km. The average depth is 1,667 meters. The depth of the deepest point is 3,742 meters. Five (or Six) narrow channels of water link the Sea of Japan and other seas: the Strait of Tartary and La Perouse Strait with the Sea of Okhotsk; the Tsugaru Strait with the Pacific Ocean; the Kanmon Straits with the Seto Inland Sea; the Busan and Tsushima Strait with the East China Sea.
The Sea of Japan has a shallow area in its center, called the Yamato Bank. Water here is less than 1,000 meters deep. It has three major sea basins: the Yamato Basin in the southeast, the Japan Basin in the north, and the Tsushima Basin in the southwest. These three surround the Yamato Bank counterclockwise.
The structure of the Sea of Japan can be divided into two layers: the surface water layer is about 300 meters deep, and the deep sea layer is below this. Currents in the surface layer move in the counterclockwise direction. One of them is the Tsushima Current, which is a warm current from the Korean Straits to the north-east direction along the shore of the Japanese Archipelago and mainly considered to be the branch of the Kuroshio Current. The other is the Liman Current, which is a cold current from the Strait of Tartary to the south-west direction along the shore of the Eurasian continent.
In contrast to the surface water, the deep sea water does not move as much because the five straits in and out are narrow and shallow. The deep sea water of the Sea of Japan tends to stay longer in the bottom of the sea than other deep sea water. The deep sea water is about eighty percent of the water in this sea.
Name
The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) decided to call this area the "Sea of Japan" in 1929.
Since 1992, South Korea has asked the world to use the names "East Sea" or "Sea of Korea" instead of "Sea of Japan".
South Korea argues that this sea has been called "East Sea" since early times. It is also a Korean belief that the name "East Sea" was eliminated from maps of the world in the early 20th century while South Korea was under the rule of Japan.
However, Japan says that the name "Sea of Japan" has been used more widely than "East Sea" in Europe and America since before the 18th century. Japan also argues that if there were no Japan, there would be no sea.
Now, most international maps and documents use the name Sea of Japan only. However, in some cases, the name East Sea is included along with the name Sea of Japan.
References
Seas of the Pacific Ocean
YWCA

The Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) is the world's largest women's organization.
It is represented in more than 120 countries around the world with more than 25 million women and girls as members. The motto of the YWCA is the empowerment of women, worldwide.
In Great Britain and Northern Ireland, only the abbreviation YWCA is used. The full name is not used because Christianity no longer plays a role in the organization.
The YWCA in the United States is a member of the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence for stricter gun control.
In Switzerland, the YWCA was widespread as the Christian Association of Young Women (CVJF) until it merged with the CVJM to form Cevi Switzerland.
Related pages
YMCA
Other websites
World Young Women's Christian Association
YWCA England & Wales
International organizations
Zinedine Zidane

Zinedine Yazid Zidane (born 23 June 1972, nicknamed Zizou, Yaz and ZZ) is a French former football player who is set to be the manager of the France national football team after the 2022 FIFA World Cup. He played for four European clubs and the French national team. He was the current manager of Real Madrid since 2016 to 2021.
Early life
Zidane was born in Marseille, France and is of Kabyle Berber descent.
Career
Zidane played for several famous football clubs, like Juventus of Italy and Real Madrid of Spain. He led France to win the 1998 FIFA World Cup and the 2000 European Football Championship. In 2002 he also won the UEFA Champions League for Real Madrid, which was the ninth championship for Real Madrid. Zidane was picked as the FIFA World Player of the Year three times. He led France to the 2006 World Cup final and was arguably the best player in the tournament. He is widely regarded to be one of the greatest players of his generation and of all time.
Retirement
In 2006, Zidane announced that he would retire after the World Cup. Zidane was famous for headbutting Marco Materazzi in the chest during the 2006 FIFA World Cup final at the 110th minute of extra time and was sent off with a red card. France eventually lost 5-3 in penalties to Italy and got second place. This incident was widely known as the Zidane headbutt. There is even a sculpture of it in Doha, Qatar.
Club career statistics
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="4"|Cannes||rowspan="4"|Division 1||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1989/90||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1990/91||28||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||28||1
|-
|1991/92||31||5||0||0||4||0||35||5
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|Girondins Bordeaux||rowspan="4"|Division 1||35||10||0||0||colspan="2"|-||35||10
|-
|1993/94||34||6||0||0||6||2||40||8
|-
|1994/95||37||6||3||2||4||1||44||9
|-
|1995/96||33||6||14||3||8||1||55||10
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="5"|Juventus||rowspan="5"|Serie A||29||5||9||1||10||2||48||8
|-
|1997/98||32||7||13||5||11||3||56||15
|-
|1998/99||25||2||6||0||10||0||41||2
|-
|1999/00||32||4||14||5||4||0||50||9
|-
|2000/01||33||6||7||2||4||0||44||8
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Real Madrid||rowspan="5"|La Liga||31||7||9||1||9||3||49||11
|-
|2002/03||33||9||7||3||14||3||54||15
|-
|2003/04||33||6||11||4||10||3||54||13
|-
|2004/05||29||6||0||0||10||0||39||6
|-
|2005/06||29||9||15||5||4||0||48||14
200||34||17||5||22||4||239||43
151||24||49||13||49||5||249||42
155||37||42||13||47||9||244||59
506||95||108||31||118||18||732||144
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1994||2||2
|-
|1995||6||2
|-
|1996||12||1
|-
|1997||8||1
|-
|1998||15||5
|-
|1999||6||1
|-
|2000||13||4
|-
|2001||8||2
|-
|2002||9||1
|-
|2003||7||3
|-
|2004||7||4
|-
|2005||5||2
|-
|2006||10||3
|-
!Total||108||31
|}
References
1972 births
Living people
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
French footballers
Sportspeople from Marseille
Real Madrid Castilla managers
Real Madrid CF managers
Ballon d'Or winners
Beverly, New Jersey

Beverly is a city in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States.
Cities in New Jersey
Viennese German

Viennese German (Austro-Bavarian: Weanarisch, German: Wienerisch) is a dialect spoken in the city of Vienna.
References
German dialects
Austrian culture
Languages of Europe
Palomar Observatory

Palomar Observatory is a privately owned observatory in San Diego County, California, 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Mount Wilson Observatory, on Palomar Mountain in the Palomar Mountain Range. It is owned and run by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The observatory is made up of four main telescopes: the 200 inch (5.08 m) Hale telescope, the 48 inch (1.22 m) Samuel Oschin telescope, the 18 inch (457 millimeter) Schmidt telescope, and a 60 inch (1.52 m) reflecting telescope. Also, the Palomar Testbed Interferometer is located at this observatory.
Name
The word palomar is from the Spanish language, meaning pigeon house. The name may be because of the many pigeons that can be seen in the spring and autumn months on Palomar Mountain, or it may be because of an old pigeon-raising building built there by the Spaniards.
References
Astronomical observatories in California
San Diego County, California
Robert Boyle

Robert Boyle FRS (25 January 1627 - 31 December 1691) was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and founding member of the Royal Society.
Boyle was born in Ireland to a titled Anglo-Irish family. He was the fourteenth child of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, who had arrived in Ireland in 1588.
Career
Robert Boyle is best known for Boyle's law.
When Robert Hooke was young, Boyle employed him as an instrument-maker and assistant. They continued to cooperate when Hooke took charge of experiments at the Royal Society.
Scientific research was the main focus of Boyle's life. He joined other like-minded men in a group which called itself the "Invisible College". He was part of the group which founded the Royal Society in 1660.
Boyle was an alchemist, but also the first modern chemist. His 1661 book, The Sceptical Chymist, is important in the history of chemistry.
Religious interests
As a director of the East India Company Boyle spent large sums in promoting the spread of Christianity in the East. He contributed liberally to missionary societies and to the expenses of translating the Bible or portions of it into various languages.
Boyle supported the policy that the Bible should be available in the language of the people, in contrast to the Latin-only policy of the Roman Catholic Church at the time.
References
Further reading
Hunter, Michael. (2000). Robert Boyle, 1627-91: scrupulosity and science. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. ; OCLC 185478148
__. 2009. Boyle: between God and science. New Haven: Yale University Press. ; OCLC 698916661
1627 births
1691 deaths
English chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Irish physicists
English physicists
Wadebridge

Wadebridge is a town on the A39 road in Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 6,351 people living in Wadebridge. The town is on the south side of the River Camel a few miles inland from the north coast of Cornwall. It is well known for the road bridge across the river which was built to replace the dangerous ford in the Middle Ages.
The showground for the Royal Cornwall Show is near Wadebridge.
References
Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Gown

A gown is a type of clothing usually worn by women. There are different kinds of gowns. Some are worn on formal occasions such as marriages. Some are worn in hospitals. Some are worn to sleep in.
Other websites
Dresses
Radhika Pandit

Radhika Pandit is an Indian former actress who established her career in Kannada films industry. Brought up in Bengaluru, Radhika began her career by appearing in television soaps such as Nandagokula, Kaadambari, and Sumangali. Radhika made her film debut with the film Moggina Manasu (2008), for which she won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the Karnataka State Film Awards. She then went on to star in films like Olave Jeevana Lekkachaara (2009), Krishnan Love Story (2010), Hudugaru (2011), Addhuri (2012) and Mr. And Mrs. Ramachari (2014).
Sources
Living people
Indian movie actors
Milkweed butterfly

The Danainae is a subfamily of butterflies. It belongs in the family Nymphalidae. There are over 200 species. They are commonly known as Milkweed butterflies or danaids.
These butterflies are common in tropical places all over the world. One of the most famous butterflies, the Monarch (Danaus plexippus), belongs in this subfamily. The larvae and the butterflies get poisonous glycosides from their larval host plant, the milkweed, so they become distasteful to predators. These milkweed butterflies (Monarch, Queen, Soldier) eat only milkweeds (Asclepias) as larvae. This highly effective defence strategy shields them against almost all predators. Birds soon learn to avoid these species after attempting to eat them.
Males in this subfamily have anal hairs. This body part at the end of the abdomen can be pulled back inside the body. They also have spots on the bottom wings that release scents to attract females. The male raises his abdomen and puts his hair pencils into the androconia. After the hairs have the chemical on them, the male will use them during courtship.
Tribes
Danaini
Danaus Kluk, 1780 - Tigers, Milkweeds, Monarchs, and Queens
Tellervini
Ithomiini
References
Other websites
Danainae at funet.fi
Tree of Life
Danainae
Stand Up and Scream

Stand Up and Scream was the debut album of the English metalcore band Asking Alexandria. It was released on 15 September 2009 through Sumerian Records. The album came number 170 on the Billboard 200, number 29 on Top Independent albums and number 5 on Heatseekers.
Track listing
Band Members
Danny Worsnop - lead vocals, keyboards, piano, synthesizers, programming
Ben Bruce - lead guitar, backing vocals, vocals on track 8 and 9, programming
Cameron Liddell - rhythm guitar
Sam Bettley - bass guitar
James Cassells - drums
References
Heavy metal albums
2009 albums
Dodge Caravan

The Dodge Caravan is an American minivan manufactured by FCA US, LLC. and sold by Dodge. The Caravan was introduced around 1983, and Grand Caravan was introduced around 1987. The original Caravan was dropped after the 2007 model year and replaced by the Dodge Journey. Grand Caravan has been redesigned many times through the years. Chrysler announced that 2015 would be the last model year for the Grand Caravan, as part of the plan to refocus Dodge as a performance brand. However the Grand Caravan made a come for a later successor.
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Dodge automobiles
Ellis Kaut

Elisabeth "Ellis" Kaut (17 November 1920 - 24 September 2015) was a German author of children's literature. She was best known for her creation of Pumuckl, an imp appearing in radio plays and TV series. She also published novellas and some illustrated books.
Life
Kaut was born in Stuttgart, Germany. Her parents moved the family to Munich when she was two years old. In 1938, aged 18, Kaut was elected the first official Munchner Kindl for that year. In 1939 she married author Kurt Preis. She continuing to live in Munich. They had a daughter, Ursula, born in March 1945. Kaut received actor's training, then studied sculpting. From 1948 she was a freelance author. She also had some speaking parts in radio plays in the 1950s and 1960s. She supervised children's programmes at Bayerischer Rundfunk. She was also active as a painter and photographer. In a 2010 interview, Kaut said that writing was always hard work for her.
Kaut's husband died in 1991. Her last place of residence was in the district of Pasing in Munich. On 24 September 2015, aged 94, she died in a nursing home near Furstenfeldbruck. She had been ill for a long time.
Honors and awards
1938: First
1955: Bayerischer Horspielpreis
1971: Schwabinger Kunstpreis
1980: Cross of Merit 1st Class of Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
1980: Medal, Munchen leuchtet
1984: Ernst-Hoferichter-Preis
1985: Bayerischer Verdienstorden
1992: Bayerischer Poetentaler
1999: Oberbayerischer Kulturpreis
2001: Pro meritis scientiae et litterarum
2002: Bayerische Verfassungsmedaille in silver
References
Other websites
Ellis Kaut's website (German)
1920 births
2015 deaths
German children's writers
German photographers
Writers from Munich
Rosenhan experiment

The Rosenhan experiment is a test in psychiatry. It wants to see how good a psychiatric diagnosis really is. The first person to do the test was David Rosenhan. The test is named after him. It was first conducted in 1972. Rosenhan published the results in the journal Science under the title "On being sane in insane places."
The test is made of two parts. In the first part, psychiatrically sane people said they heard hallucinations, to get admitted to a psychiatric ward. This was done to test how the psychiatric hospitals would react. The second part was the reverse. Rosenhan told the hospitals, he would send fake patients. But he did not send any fake patients.
The results of the study were very controversial. When Rosenhan sent the people, the hospitals were unable to detect them. On the other hand, when he told them he had sent some patients, but really did not, the hospitals recognised a large number of fake patients. The study said that it was impossible to tell a difference between the sane and the insane.
References
Psychiatry
Psychology experiments
Banda Aceh

Banda Aceh is a city in Sumatra, Indonesia. Around 150,000 people there were killed in the tsunami on 26 December 2004. The long conflict between the Acehnese independence movement (GAM) and the Indonesian army (TNI) has been solved for the time being by the peace agreement on 15 August 2005. The peace process has been smooth since then.
References
Other websites
Official site
Banda Aceh Tourism Official site
Aceh.net Visit Aceh: Eco and Islamic Tourism, Cultural Information, Investment and highlights of directory
Video: Banda Aceh
Cities in Indonesia
François Vatel

Francois Vatel () (1631 - 24 April 1671) was the majordomo (in French, maitre d'hotel) of Nicolas Fouquet and prince Louis II de Bourbon-Conde.
Life
Vatel was born either in Switzerland or in Paris in 1625, 1631, or 1635. Many people credit him with creating creme Chantilly (Chantilly cream), but this is wrong. There is no documentation of this which appeared during his lifetime, and the whipped, flavored cream was known at least a century earlier.
Vatel served Louis XIV's superintendent Nicolas Fouquet in the inauguration fete at the Chateau de Vaux-le-Vicomte that took place on 17 August 1661.
Vatel was responsible for organizing a banquet for 2.000 people, in honor of Louis XIV. The banquet took place in April 1671 at the Chateau de Chantilly. Madame de Sevigne wrote in a letter, that Vatel was very upset, because the seafood he had ordered, did not arrive on time. Because of this, and other small problems, he committed suicide by running himself through with his sword; his body was discovered when someone came to tell him of the arrival of the fish.
This incident is thought to be the origin of the idiom "died for want of lobster sauce", a phrase meaning to die or be devastated due to a minor disappointment or mishap.
Popular culture
In 2000, Roland Joffe made a movie about Vatel. In it, Gerard Depardieu plays Vatel. According to the movie, Vatel committed suicide when he realized he was nothing more than property in the eyes of the nobility, his social superiors.
References
Further reading
Dominique Michel 1999.Vatel ou la naissance de la gastronomie (Editions Fayard)
Patrick Rambourg 1999. Recettes du Grand Siecle (Editions Fayard)
Mathilde Mottoule 2006. Vatel ou l'origine d'un mythe.
1671 deaths
1631 births
French people
Asperg

Asperg is a town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. It is 15 km north of Stuttgart, and 4 km west of Ludwigsburg. The Hohenasperg fortress is in Asperg.
References
Other websites
Torrijos–Carter Treaties

The Torrijos-Carter Treaties () are two treaties signed by the United States and Panama in Washington, D.C., on September 7, 1977. The treaties guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the canal that the U.S. had since 1903.
The treaties are named after the two signatories, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the Commander of Panama's National Guard, General Omar Torrijos.
References
1977 in the United States
Jimmy Carter
20th century in Panama
1970s treaties
Treaties of the United States
Kim Do-kyun

Kim Do-Kyun (born 13 January 1977), also known as Kim Do-Gyun, is a South Korean association football player. He was a member of the Korea Republic national team, including the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="5"|Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i||rowspan="5"|K-League||6||0||||||5||0||11||0
|-
|2000||12||1||||||2||0||14||1
|-
|2001||22||1||||||5||0||27||1
|-
|2002||8||0||||||10||1||18||1
|-
|2003||34||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|-
|2004||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 2||17||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2005||Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma||K-League||1||0||0||0||6||0||7||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Chunnam Dragons||rowspan="2"|K-League||10||0||1||0||0||0||11||0
|-
|2006||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
100||2||1||0||28||1||129||3
17||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
117||2||1||0||28||1||146||3
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
!Total||10||0
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
South Korean Olympians
2000 Summer Olympics
Pallastunturi

Pallastunturi is the southestern part of a 50 kilometre-long mountain chain in Lapland, Finland. It is a group of seven fells located in Muonio and Enontekio municipalities.
Other websites
Pictures
Geography of Finland
Lapland (Finland)
Brügg

Brugg is a municipality of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website of Brugg
Municipalities of Bern
Black, Illinois

Black is an unincorporated community in Edwards County, Illinois, in the United States.
Unincorporated communities in Illinois
Kenneth Braithwaite

Kenneth John Braithwaite II (born 1960) is an American politician, businessman and military personnel. He was the 77th United States Secretary of the Navy from May 2020 to January 2021. He was the United States Ambassador to Norway from February 8, 2018 to May 29, 2020.
President Donald Trump said on November 24, 2019, that he would nominate Braithwaite to serve as the United States Secretary of the Navy. His nomination was confirmed on May 29, 2020.
He is a retired rear admiral of the United States Navy Reserve.
He is seen as a possible candidate for the United States Senate from Pennsylvania in the 2022 election.
References
Other websites
Kenneth Braithwaite (US department of state)
Biography at U.S. Embassy in Norway
Biography U.S. Navy
1960 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Norway
United States Secretaries of the Navy
Businesspeople from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Businesspeople from Michigan
Politicians from Michigan
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Bronllys

Bronllys is a village in the Powys region of Wales. A Norman castle was built there in the 11th century.
Other websites
CastleWales on Bronllys Castle
Villages in Powys
Angela White

Angela White (born 4 March 1985) is an Australian pornographic movie actress and director. White has been a member of the AVN Hall of Fame. In 2020, She became AVN's first three-time Female Performer of the Year winner.
Selected filmography
2014 - Angela
2015 - Angela Loves Women
2015 - Angela Loves Men
2015 - Angela Loves Threesomes
2015 - Angela 2
2016 - Angela Loves Gonzo
2016 - Angela Loves Women 2
2016 - Angela Loves Men 2
2017 - Angela Loves Women 3
2017 - Angela Loves Threesomes 2
2017 - Angela Loves Anal
2017 - Angela 3
2017 - Angela White Is Titwoman (Elegant Angel)
2018 - Angela Loves Women 4
2018 - Angela Loves Anal 2
2018 - Angela by Darkko (Evil Angel)
2018 - I Am Angela (Evil Angel)
2019 - Angela Loves Women 5
2019 - Angela White: Dark Side (Jules Jordan)
2019 - Drive (Deeper)
2019 - Perspective (Adult Time)
References
Other websites
1985 births
Living people
Pornographic actors
Pornographic movie directors
Actors from Sydney
University of Melbourne alumni
AVN Award winners
Hassan Tower

Hassan Tower or Tour Hassan (; ) is the minaret of an unfinished mosque in Rabat, Morocco.
References
Buildings and structures in Morocco
Mosques
Kirov, Kirov Oblast

Kirov () is a city in and the capital of Kirov Oblast in Russia. As of 2020, the city has 518,348 people. It is a historical, cultural, industrial, and scientific center of Priural'e. This city is home to the Dymkovo toys.
History
The principality and republic
The native Slavic tribe of Central Russia and the Volga regions, the Vyatichis. They mixed with the Novgorodian Slovenes and Finno-Ugric people. According to the medieval chronicles, the first settlements of Russia in the area appeared in the 12th century. Kirov was first mentioned as Vyatka for the first time in 1374 when Novgorod ushkuyniks plundered it on their way to Bolghar. Vyatka was governed by a veche as other Northern Russian republics of Pskov Oblast and Novgorod Oblast. At different times in the late 14th and 15th centuries Vyatka militias raided Ustyug, Novgorod and Tatar lands on Kama and Volga. Vyatka supported Yury of Zvenigorod during the Muscovite Civil War and after his party lost the victorious Vasily II sent Muscovite armies twice against Vyatka to subjugate it and eventually it was forced to accept the suzerainty of Moscow while retaining a significant measure of autonomy. In 1469 Vyatka allied with Khan Ibrahim of the Khanate of Kazan and did not take part in the campaign of Ivan III against the khanate.
After several unsuccessful campaigns by Moscow against Vyatka in 1480s, the latter was finally annexed in 1489.
Part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Russian Empire
Khlynov became known throughout Russia for its clay small statues and whistles. Kirov's oldest surviving monument is the Assumption Cathedral (1689), an imposing structure inhabiated by 5 globular domes.
In 1780, Catherine the Great renamed the town Vyatka and made it the seat of Vyatka Governorate. Kirov also served as a place of exile, notably for Alexander Herzen, Alexander Vitberg, and Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. By the end of the 19th century, it was an important train station on the Trans-Siberian railway.
Soviet and post-Soviet period
In December 1934, Kirov was renamed after a leader of the Soviet Union, Sergey Kirov, who was assassinated on December 1, 1934. However, whilst the name Kirov has remained since the end of the Soviet Union, some institutions such as the university bear the former name of Vyatka.
Geography
Kirov was located on the Vyatka River of the European part of Russia. It is 896 kilometers northeast of Moscow, 1,384 kilometers southeast of Saint Petersburg, 576 kilometers northeast of Nizhny Novgorod, and 851 kilometers northwest of Yekaterinburg.
Gallery
References
Capitals of oblasts of Russia
Snape, Suffolk

Snape is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 623 people living in Snape.
References
GENUKI
Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Suffolk Coastal
John E. Sununu

John E. Sununu (born September 10, 1964) is a former United States Senator from New Hampshire and a member of the Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2003. Sununu served in the United States Senate from January 3, 2003, to January 3, 2009.
Sununu was born on September 10, 1964 in Boston, Massachusetts to former Governor of New Hampshire John H. Sununu. He studied at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at Harvard Business School. He is married to Kitty Sununu. They have three children. His brother, Chris Sununu is the Governor-elect of New Hampshire.
References
Other websites
1964 births
Living people
Engineers from Massachusetts
Harvard University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Politicians from Boston
United States representatives from New Hampshire
United States senators from New Hampshire
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Richard Lynch

Richard Hugh Lynch (February 12, 1940 - June 19, 2012) was an Irish-American actor best known for playing villains in movies and television. He often appeared in science fiction productions, including Battlestar Galactica (as Wolfe) and its sequel series Galactica 1980 (as Commander Xaviar). He also appeared in such shows as Starsky and Hutch, T. J. Hooker, The A-Team, Charmed and Star Trek: The Next Generation.
Early life
Richard Lynch was born on February 12, 1940 in Brooklyn, New York City to Irish Catholic parents. His younger brother is actor Barry Lynch. Lynch served in the United States Marine Corps.Lynch was trained at The Actors Studio and at the HB Studios.
Career
In while acting, Lynch was also a musician and played the saxophone, guitar, piano, and flute. He also enjoyed fishing, poetry, and architecture. He held Republic of Ireland citizenship through his Irish born parents and was a frequent visitor to Ireland. With Barry, the two brothers starred together in the films Nightforce and Total Force. Lynch's wife Lily starred with him in the film Breaking the Silence (1998) and son Christopher Lynch starred with him in the science fiction film Trancers II.
Later career
Through the years, Lynch worked with old friend and colleague Don Calfa in the films Necronomicon (1993), Toughguy (1995), Corpses Are Forever (2003), and Lewisburg (2009).
Personal life and death
Lynch had married twice -- once to Beatrix Lynch (their son Christopher died in 2005 from pneumonia), and later to Lily Lynch. His body was found in his home in Yucca Valley, California on June 19, 2012. It is not known if Lynch died on June 18 or 19. After not having heard from Lynch for several days, friend and actress Carol Vogel went to his home to find the door open and his body in his kitchen. She then called 9-1-1 He was survived by his brother Barry and sisters Carole Taylor and Cathy Jones. News reports following his death incorrectly identified his birth year as 1936, but the LA Times obituary published by his family correctly listed the year as 1940.
References
Other websites
1940 births
2012 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Irish movie actors
Irish television actors
Saturn Award winners
Dilip Joshi

Dilip Joshi, popularly known for his role of Jethalal Gada in the Indian sitcom Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah, is an Indian television and film actor. He has appeared in many serials as well as movies. He started his career by playing a supporting roles in Bollywood movies, but still he is widely known for his comic performances. Joshi has featured in films such as Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), Hum Aapke Hain Kaun (1994), Khiladi 420 (2000), and One 2 ka 4 (2001).
Sources
1968 births
Living people
Indian comedians
Eldon George

Eldon Thomas George (May 10, 1931 - November 29, 2018) was a Canadian fossil collector and amateur geologist. He was born in Parrsboro, Nova Scotia. He made many important discoveries on the shores of the Minas Basin and the Bay of Fundy in the 1940s.
George found the world's smallest dinosaur tracks in 1984 near Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, Canada. His other finds include many fossilized amphibian and dinosaur prints that were displayed, along with the world's smallest dinosaur tracks, at his Parrsboro Rock and Mineral Shop and Museum.
One of them is a 17-inch (45-cm) track that may have been made by a primitive, two-legged, crocodile-like creature that was nearly 20 feet (6 m) long. George's other discoveries include a fossilized insect with three pairs of wings and a tiny horseshoe crab that supplies a missing link in evolutionary history.
George died on November 29, 2018 in Parrsboro at the age of 87.
References
Other websites
Order of Nova Scotia recipients - 2013
1931 births
2018 deaths
Canadian scientists
Geologists
People from Nova Scotia
Mathieu Kérékou

Mathieu Kerekou, (2 September 1933 - 14 October 2015) was a Beninese politician. He was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006.
After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years. He was defeated in the 1991 presidential election, but was returned to the presidency in the 1996 election and controversially re-elected in 2001.
References
Other websites
1933 births
2015 deaths
Presidents of Benin
Window envelope

The window envelope is an envelope with transparent plastic window in it so you can see what it is and who it's from. It was invented and patented by Americus Callahan in 1901. It was first called an "outlook envelope." Callahan planned to use very thin rice paper as the window, but now clear plastic is used.
References
Postal history
Bohai Sea

The Bohai Sea () is a gulf on the northeast coast of China and it is west of the Korean Peninsula. It is a redundant place name, which mean that the words making up the place name has the same meaning, since hai (Hai ) as in Bohai already means "sea" or "ocean". Some important port cities on the Bohai Sea coast include Tianjin, Qinhuangdao, and Dalian.
Geography of the People's Republic of China
Skedvi kyrkby

Skedvi kyrkby is a locality in Sater Municipality in Dalarna County in Sweden. In 2010, 208 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Dalarna County
Führer

Fuhrer is the German word for leader. The word Fuhrer is most often used to name Adolf Hitler. Hitler was the German Chancellor during the Third Reich. After the death of Reich President Paul von Hindenburg in 1934, he declared the office of President vacant and made himself Fuhrer (both Head of State and Head of Government). He used the word Fuhrer for his title Fuhrer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Reich Chancellor).
Nazi Germany
Adolf Hitler
Charmois, Territoire de Belfort

Charmois is a commune. It is found in the region Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in the northeast of France.
References
Communes in Territoire de Belfort
Chélan

Chelan is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Related pages
Communes of the Gers department
Communes in Gers
A Night in Casablanca

A Night in Casablanca is a 1946 American comedy movie directed by Archie Mayo and starring Groucho Marx, Harpo Marx, Chico Marx, Charles Drake, Lois Collier, Sig Ruman, Lewis L. Russell. It was distributed by United Artists.
Other websites
1946 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Archie Mayo
1999 (Prince album)

1999 is the fifth studio album from Prince. It contained the hit songs "Little Red Corvette", "1999" and "Delirious". The title track was a protest against nuclear proliferation.
The record was released on October 27, 1982.
The album's music is pop, funk and R&B.
References
1982 albums
Funk albums
Pop albums
Prince (musician)
R&B albums
Wentworth, South Dakota

Wentworth is a village in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the only village in South Dakota. All other places where people live are either towns or cities. It is located in Lake County, and 171 people lived there at the 2010 census. Wentworth became a village in 1896.
References
Villages in the United States
Settlements in South Dakota
List of women judges

This is an alphabetical list of women judges.
A
Sheila Abdus-Salaam
Shirley Abrahamson
Thelma Aldana
B
Amy Coney Barrett
Iris Yassmin Barrios Aguilar
Maryanne Trump Barry
Hilde Benjamin
Elizabeth Butler-Sloss, Baroness Butler-Sloss
D
Teresita de Castro
E
Shirin Ebadi
G
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
K
Elena Kagan
Judith Kaye
Marie-Claire Kirkland
M
Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera
Iulia Motoc
Diana E. Murphy
O
Beverly Reid O'Connell
S
Maria Lourdes Sereno
Leila Seth
Judy Sheindlin
T
Anna Diggs Taylor
W
Patricia Wald
Diane Wood
Z
Ineta Ziemele
judges
Lists of people by occupation
NGC 727

NGC 727 is a barred spiral galaxy in the Fornax constellation. It is about 446 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Barred spiral galaxies
Lake Charles, Louisiana

Lake Charles is the most populous city in the southwest Louisiana. it is the second most populous city in the Acadiana (after Lafayette). It is the fifth most populous city in the U.S. state of Louisiana (after New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Shreveport and Lafayette). The actual population is almost 72,000. The city was founded as Charleston, March 7, 1861. The name was changed to Lake Charles on March 16, 1867. The city was founded by and named for Charles Sallier.
References
Cities in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana
Parish seats in Louisiana
COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Ethiopia on 13 March 2020.
Cases
On 13 March, the first coronavirus case was reported in the country and the victim later was a Japanese citizen. The process of contact tracing is currently taking place.
On 28 March, the Ministry of Health reported that one patient has fully recovered from the virus.
On 30 March, the Prime Minister said in a statement that the total number of cases in the country has risen to 23.
Response
Ethiopia will not be enforcing a travel ban, with Tadesse stating that the virus is in 134 countries, and enforcing a travel ban will not work.
References
21st century in Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Richard D. Ryder

Richard Hood Jack Dudley Ryder (born 1940) is a British writer and psychologist. In 1969 he became involved with animal rights; he protested against an otter hunt in Dorset. In 1970 he made a new word, "speciesism". He used it in a pamphlet called "Speciesism". It is now in the Oxford Dictionary. Ryder made a theory called painism in 1990. In 2001 a book that Ryder wrote about his theory of painism was published. It was called Painism: A Modern Morality. Painism is the idea that any being that feels pain deserves rights.
Ryder was born in Purbeck in Dorset. He grew up in Corfe Castle.
In 1971 an essay that Ryder wrote about animal testing was published in the book Animals, Men and Morals.
In 1972 he joined the Council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA). Ryder helped to organize the first academic conference about animal rights. The conference was in August 1977 at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1977 he became the chairman of the RSPCA. He stopped being the chairman in 1979.
His first book, Victims of Science, was first published in 1975. It is about how animals were used in scientific research at the time it was written.
References
Other websites
Official website
1940 births
Living people
Animal rights activists
English activists
British psychologists
Writers from Dorset
Ascenso MX

Ascenso MX (Promotion MX) is the second league of Mexico. The champion of the competition is promoted to Liga MX (top-flight division). The bottom team gets relegated to Segunda Division de Mexico (the third tier).
Clubs
References
1994 establishments in North America
1990s establishments in Mexico
Football leagues in Mexico
1718

1718 was a common year.
Events
July 21 - Treaty of Passarowitz signed
November 22 - Off the coast of Virginia, English pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") is killed in battle when a British boarding party cornered and then shot and stabbed him more than 25 times.
November 30 - After the death of Charles XII, Ulrika Eleonora becomes Queen of Sweden.
December 17 - Austria, Great Britain, and France declare war on Spain, launching the War of the Quadruple Alliance.
The Funj warrior aristocracy deposes the reigning mek and places one of their own ranks on the throne of Sennar. (History of Sudan (Coming of Islam to the Turkiyah))
Births
March 31 - Mariana Victoria of Spain, queen regent of Portugal (d. 1781)
November 3 - John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, English statesman (d. 1792)
Deaths
May 7 - Mary of Modena, queen of James II of England (b. 1658)
July 30 - William Penn, American settler, founder of Pennsylvania (b. 1644)
November 22 - Blackbeard, English pirate (b. c. 1680)
November 30 - King Charles XII of Sweden (b. 1682)
December 10 - Stede Bonnet, the "gentleman pirate"
Death of Baby P

Peter Connelly (1 March 2006 - 3 August 2007) (also known as "Baby P", "Child A" and "Baby Peter") was a 17-month-old British child. He died of child abuse on 3 August 2007 in London, England after suffering more than 50 injuries over an eight-month period. His mother, her partner and his brother were sent to prison for attacking him. The case resulted in several big investigations into how the social services department of Haringey Council carried out its job looking after children in danger. In a similar case, the same child welfare authorities had failed seven years earlier in the murder of Victoria Climbie.
There had been a public inquiry and measures had been put in place to prevent similar cases.
References
2007 crimes
2007 in the United Kingdom
2000s in London
August 2007 events
Crime in London
London Borough of Haringey
2000s crimes in the United Kingdom
Children victims of violence
Bill Bailey's Birdwatching Bonanza

Bill Bailey's Birdwatching Bonanza is a British television game show. It is produced by Fever Media and Glass Box. It is broadcast on Sky1. The fist episode aired on 8 January 2010. The final episode aired on 12 February 2010. The show is presented by Bill Bailey. He gives two teams birdwatching challenges over a three-day period. The two teams are captained by Alex Zane and Jeff Green.
Episode list
The colour of the backgrounds shows the result of the show:
- means Alex's team won
- means Jeff's team won
- means the game ended in a draw
Notes
References
Other websites
2010s British television series
2010 British television series debuts
2010 British television series endings
Bartolomeu Dias

Bartolomeu Dias(or Bartholomew Dias, 1450 - May 29, 1500) was a Portuguese explorer who was the first European to sail past the Cape of Good Hope now Cape Town.
Voyage to Africa
In 1487, King John II of Portugal asked Dias to find a new route for the spice trade and to find a legendary Christian king named Prester John in the east. In 1488 Bartholomew and his sailors sailed along the western coast of Africa. They got caught in a storm and landed at a cape in southern Africa and they could not sail beyond that point. They named it "Cape of Storms" and later returned to Portugal. The king of Portugal considered it as a victory gained by the Portuguese adventurers and named it as "Cape of Good Hope". Because Prester John did not really exist, they did not find his country but the route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean leading to Asia turned out to be valuable.
Death and legacy
Commanding a ship in Pedro Alvares Cabral's later expedition to Brazil and India, he died at sea in 1500 during a storm. There was a statue made for him later in Cape Town, South Africa.
References
1450 births
1500 deaths
Portuguese explorers
Parliament of Poland

The parliament of Poland has an upper house (the Senate) and a lower house (the Sejm). Both houses are accommodated in the Sejm complex in Warsaw. The parliament itself is without an official name; the Constitution refers only to the Sejm and the Senate.
Members of both houses are elected by direct election, usually every four years. The Sejm has 460 members, while the Senate has 100 senators. To become law, a bill must first be approved by both houses.
References
Government of Poland
Smile (Avril Lavigne song)

"Smile" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The song was written by Lavigne with Max Martin and Shellback. It was produced by Martin and Shellback. "Smile" was released on April 11, 2011 to Australian radio stations. It was the second single from Lavigne's fourth album Goodbye Lullaby.
Background
Lavigne asked her fans in Twitter what the next_title from Goodbye Lullaby should be. She asked them to choose between Push and Smile. Lavigne confirmed that "Smile" was to be the second single from the album. Lavigne herself wanted Push to be released. The singer's record label, RCA, announced that "Smile" will be sent out to Polish radio in April. It would be sent out to USA, Canada, New Zealand, Asia, and the UK around this time. Lavigne posted photos of the set of her music video. This was on April 21, 2011.
Promotion
Lavigne will perform the song on the German show Schlag den Raab on June 4, 2011.
Track listing
iTunes digital download
"Smile" - 3:29
Digital download and CD single
"Smile" - 3:29
"What the Hell" (Bimbo Jones remix) - 4:10
Personnel
Songwriting - Avril Lavigne, Max Martin, Shellback
Production and recording - Max Martin, Shellback
Engineering - Michael Ilbert
Mixing - Serban Ghenea
Mix engineer - John Hanes
Assistant mix engineer - Tim Roberts
Drums, guitar and bass - Shellback
Keyboards - Max Martin
Source:
Charts
Release history
References
2011 songs
Avril Lavigne songs
Ponte Morandi

Ponte Morandi (English: Morandi Bridge), or Polcevera viaduct, was a bridge on the A10 motorway in Genoa, Italy. The bridge was one of the major links to France.
The bridge was built between 1963 and 1967. It opened on 4 September 1967.
On 14 August 2018, a large part of the bridge collapsed. Forty-three people were killed.
Eyewitnesses said the bridge was hit by lightning just before it collapsed.
Between 30 and 35 cars and three trucks fell from the bridge.
References
Bridges in Italy
Genoa
Governor of Mato Grosso do Sul

The Governor of Mato Grosso do Sul is the head of government of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
It is a public position chosen through the two-round majority electoral system. If a candidate receives more than 50% of the total votes in the first ballot, he is elected without the need for a second round.
The seat of the government (Governadoria) is located in Parque dos Poderes, in the Sulmatogrossense capital, Campo Grande. The building is also occupied by the headquarters of the Secretary of State for Government and Strategic Management and the Undersecretariat of Communication.
References
Other websites
Mato Grosso do Sul
Howard Frank Mosher

Howard Frank Mosher (June 16, 1942 - January 29, 2017) was an American author and retired high school teacher. He was known for his novels Where the Rivers Flow North (1978) and A Stranger In the Kingdom (1991). He was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1979, and is the 1981 recipient of the Literature Award bestowed by the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters.
Mosher was born in Cato, New York. He studied at Syracuse University in 1964. He taught English in Vermont at Orleans High and Lake Region Union High School during his early years. Mosher died of prostate cancer under hospice care in Irasburg, Vermont, aged 74.
References
Other websites
Howard Frank Mosher Official Website
2007 interview with The Optimistic Curmudgeon
1942 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Educators from Vermont
Writers from New York (state)
Writers from Vermont
Educators from New York (state)
Alimukku

Alimukku' is a village in Kollam district. The head office of Piravanthoor Panchayat is here.
Geography
Nearby locations of interest include the Achenkovil Sastha temple (37 km away on the Alimukku-kottakkayam-mullumala-achenkovil route), Ayiravalli Shiva temple (one of the rarest shiva temples in Alimukkue, having nadaraja vigraha in kerala), State Farming Corporation of Kerala (SFCK) Ltd, and a government cooperative college founded in 2011. The Alimukku-Karavoor road is a bypass road for "sabarimala" travelers
Villages in Kollam district
Näsviken, Strömsund Municipality

Nasviken is a locality in Stromsund Municipality in Jamtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 203 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Jamtland County
Santigny

Santigny is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne