pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Great Oxygenation Event

The Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) was the creation of free oxygen in our atmosphere. It was caused by cyanobacteria doing photosynthesis. It took a very long time, from three billion years ago to about one billion years ago.
Photosynthesis was making oxygen both before and after the GOE. Before the GOE, organic matter and dissolved iron chemically captured any free oxygen. Earth has much iron, and iron has higher solubility than its oxides, so the oceans had much dissolved iron. It became iron oxide and made huge deposits of banded iron rock from the Archaean and Proterozoic eras. When not enough iron remained to capture more oxygen, free oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere. This was the GOE.
Oxygen was toxic to most of the Earth's anaerobic inhabitants at the time. As cyanobacteria produced oxygen, and built their stromatolites, they changed the environment for other protists. Since the other protists had no way to deal with oxygen, most became extinct. Another consequence was the effect of free oxygen on atmospheric methane, a greenhouse gas. Their reaction removed the methane, and caused the Huronian glaciation. This was perhaps the longest snowball Earth episode ever. Free oxygen has been an important part of the atmosphere ever since.
Timing
The evidence is that free oxygen was first produced by photosynthetic organisms (prokaryotic, later eukaryotic) which emitted oxygen as a waste product. These organisms lived long before the GOE, perhaps 3500 million years ago (mya). The oxygen they made would have quickly been removed from the atmosphere by the 'mass rusting' which led to the deposition of banded-iron formations. Oxygen only began to continue in the atmosphere in small quantities shortly (~50 million years) before the start of the GOE. Without a draw-down, oxygen would come to the atmosphere and stay there very quickly. At today's rates of photosynthesis (which are much greater than those in the land-plant-free Precambrian), modern atmospheric O2 levels could be produced in around 2,000 years.
Timeline:
3,500 mya Archaean eon: production of oxygen by cyanobacteria starts in stromatolites.
Oxygen causes deposit of iron as iron oxides in banded iron formations.
c. 2,400 mya Palaeoproterozoic era: free oxygen escapes into atmosphere, mostly absorbed on the land.
c. 850 mya Neoproterozoic era: oxygen starts to accumulate in the atmosphere. Continues to increase during the Palaeozoic era, peaking in the Carboniferous period.
Present levels.
References
Sedimentary rocks
Proterozoic
Atmosphere
Protista
Oxygen
Oneida, Kansas

Oneida is a city in Nemaha County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 75 people lived there.
History
Oneida was planned out about 1873. It was named after the Oneida people. The town's streets were named after the main thoroughfares of Chicago.
Geography
Oneida is at (39.865877, -95.938733).
According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
People
2010 census
As of the 2010 census says that there were 75 people, 26 households, and 17 families living in the city.
References
Other websites
City
Oneida - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 115, local school district
Maps
Oneida City Map, KDOT
Cities in Nemaha County, Kansas
Avianca

Avianca is the national and largest airline of Colombia. It is the second oldest airline in the world. It began flying in 1919. Avianca has grown to become one of the largest airlines in the Americas. It flies to 121 cities with over 140 airplanes. In 2009, TACA Airlines and Avianca were combined to create a single airline.
References
Other websites
Airlines of South America
Star Alliance
1919 establishments
1910s establishments in Colombia
IATA members
Companies of Colombia
Marco Antônio

Marco Antonio may refer to:
Marco Antonio (footballer, born 1940), born Marco Antonio Garcia Alves, Brazilian football attacking midfielder
Marco Antonio (footballer, born 1951), born Marco Antonio Feliciano, Brazilian football left-back
Marco Antonio (footballer, born 1963), born Marco Antonio Paes dos Santos, Brazilian football defender
Marco Antonio (footballer, born 1978), born Marco Antonio de Freitas Filho, Brazilian football forward
Marco Antonio (footballer, born 1984), born Marco Antonio Miranda Filho, Brazilian football midfielder
Marco Antonio (footballer, born 1997), born Marco Antonio Rosa Furtado Junior, Brazilian football midfielder
Marco Antonio (footballer, born 2000), born Marco Antonio de Oliveira Coelho, Brazilian football midfielder
Related pages
Marcos Antonio (disambiguation)
Motability

Motability is a British charity founded in 1977. It runs the Motability Scheme for disabled people, their families and their carers to get a new car, scooter or powered wheelchair. The disability benefit is paid to Motobility.
A person must have at least twelve months to run on one of:
* Higher Rate Mobility Component of Disability Living Allowance,
* Enhanced Mobility Component of Personal Independence Payment,
*Scottish Higher rate mobility component of Child or Adult Disability Payment,
*Armed Forces Independence Payment
*War Pensioners' Mobility Supplement.
They can choose a new car every three years or a wheelchair-accessible vehicle every five years. There are grants for adapting vehicles. They can get a more expensive one by paying extra.
References
Disability
Charities of the United Kingdom
Localism (politics)

Localism is the ideology of prioritizing localization over imports and exports in order to supply consumers with their needs.
Localism in agriculture is when local consumers rely on their local products rather than imports to supply themselves.
Politics
Jorge Morel

Jorge Scibona (May 9, 1931 - February 10, 2021), known professionally as Jorge Morel, was an Argentine classical guitarist and composer. Morel was born in Buenos Aires. Morel appeared at Lincoln Center's Alice Tully Hall in New York, Queen Elizabeth Hall and Wigmore Hall in London, National Concert Hall in Dublin, and Suntory Hall in Tokyo.
Morel died on February 10, 2021 in Buenos Aires, aged 89.
References
1931 births
2021 deaths
Argentine composers
Argentine guitarists
Musicians from Buenos Aires
Massello

Massello is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Settlements in Piedmont
Macduff (Shakespeare)

Macduff is a character in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare. He is the Thane of Fife. He plays an important part in the story. He suspects Macbeth of having killed Duncan, the King of Scotland. Macduff eventually kills Macbeth in the final act. He is both the antagonist and the hero of the story.
Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Mary Walsh (actress)

Mary Cynthia Walsh (born May 13, 1952) is a Canadian actress, comedian, and writer. She was born on May 13, 1952 in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. She is known for her role in This Hour Has 22 Minutes.
References
1952 births
Canadian comedians
Living people
Corcelles, Ain

Corcelles is a former commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Champdor-Corcelles.
References
Former communes in Ain
Centipede

A centipede is a type of myriapod with many legs. Centipedes are predators. They hunt during the night; they are nocturnal. Some centipedes are venomous, but none can kill a person unless they are allergic. Centipedes are in the class Chilopoda, and related to millipedes, which are not poisonous. As the millipedes, they are segmented. They have between 5 and 173 segments, but only one pair of legs per segment. There may be 8,000 species in the world.
The house centipede is a carnivore that feeds on cockroaches, house flies and other domestic pests. It is therefore beneficial. But because it has a scary appearance it is often exterminated.
References
Myriapods
Belfast, Maine

Belfast is a city in Waldo County, Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 6,668.
References
Cities in Maine
County seats in Maine
Surry County, North Carolina

Surry County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 71,359 people lived there. Its county seat is Dobson.
References
1770s establishments in North Carolina
1771 establishments
North Carolina counties
Downtown MRT station

Downtown MRT Station (DT17) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line in Downtown Core, Singapore under Central Boulevard. It serves the south part of the Marina Bay area.
References
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Andrew Stephenson

Andrew George Stephenson (born 17 February 1981) is a British politician. He is a member of the Conservative Party. Hs is currently Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities from 20 September 2022 onwards.
During the time Boris Johnson announced his September resignation on 7 July 2022, he was Minister without Portfolio and Chairman of the Conservative Party from 7 July to 6 September 2022. He got succeeded by Jake Berry.
1981 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Mohammed Abdullah Hassan

Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (7 April 1856 - 21 December 1920, also known as Sayyid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan) was the emir of Diiriye Guure. Diiriye Guure headed the successor state of the Dhulbahante garaadship. Then, Diiriye Guure started the Dervish movement in Somalia and led the Khatumo region from 1896 until 1920.
References
1856 births
1920 deaths
Somali people
Amnesiac

Amnesiac is an album by the band Radiohead. It was released in June 2001. It went straight to No.1 in the UK Albums Chart. Most critics gave it good reviews. Pitchfork gave it 9/10.
Track listing
All tracks written by Radiohead.
"Packt Like Sardines in a Crushd Tin Box" - 4:00
"Pyramid Song" - 4:49
"Pulk/Pull Revolving Doors" - 4:07
"You and Whose Army?" - 3:11
"I Might Be Wrong" - 4:54
"Knives Out" - 4:15
"Morning Bell/Amnesiac" - 3:14
"Dollars & Cents" - 4:52
"Hunting Bears" - 2:01
"Like Spinning Plates" - 3:57
"Life in a Glasshouse" - 4:34
References
2001 albums
Radiohead albums
Lost River, Kentucky

Lost River is an unincorporated community in Warren County, Kentucky, United States.
References
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky
Atlantic 10 Conference

The Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10) is a NCAA conference that plays in NCAA Division I. The conference is headquartered in Newport News, Virginia and features universities and colleges from the Eastern and Midwestern United States.
History
The A-10 was founded by eight Eastern schools in 1975 as the Eastern Collegiate Basketball League, and began play in 1976. It first played only men's basketball, but added other sports in 1977 and became the Eastern Athletic Association. Despite its official names, the conference was more often called the Eastern 8. By 1982, the conference had 10 schools, and it became the Atlantic 10.
Although the conference has had "10" in its name since 1982, it has not had 10 members since Penn State left for the second and final time in 1991. Since then, the A-10 has had anywhere from 8 to 16 full members (schools that play most of their sports in the conference). From 1997 to 2006, the A-10 ran a football league; after the 2006 season, the A-10 football conference was taken over by the Colonial Athletic Association, now known as the Coastal Athletic Association. The former A-10 football conference is now known as CAA Football (in full, the Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference); it is run by the multi-sports CAA but is legally separate.
Members
Fifteen schools are full members. Most of the members are private schools; eight are run by the Catholic Church.
Associate members
Three schools are "associate members" that play only one sport in the A-10.
Former members
Ten schools were once full members of the A-10, but are no longer in the conference.
References
NCAA Division I athletics conferences
1976 establishments in the United States
Battle Royale (movie)

is a 2000 Japanese action-thriller movie.
References
Other websites
Review and analysis of the Battle Royale film
Battle Royale 3D Official Website
2000 action movies
2000 thriller movies
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

A Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is a memorial or grave dedicated to a soldier whose dead body has not been identified.
Related pages
Missing in action
Other websites
Copernicus Organization, World Veterans Federation, "Tombs of the Unknown Soldier in Central and Eastern Europe" by Prof. Michal Chilczuk, Chairman, Working Group on Central and Eastern Europe, SCEA
Vivaboo.com, "Tomb Of The Unknown Soldier Around The World (History)"
Military people missing in action
Kily González

Kily Gonzalez (born 4 August 1974) is an Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|Rosario Central||rowspan="2"|Primera Division||21||2
|-
|1994/95||30||5
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Boca Juniors||rowspan="2"|Primera Division||36||3
|-
|1996/97||1||0
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="3"|La Liga||30||3
|-
|1997/98||33||6
|-
|1998/99||29||6
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Valencia||rowspan="4"|La Liga||31||2
|-
|2000/01||22||3
|-
|2001/02||26||3
|-
|2002/03||13||0
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="3"|Serie A||21||0
|-
|2004/05||14||0
|-
|2005/06||16||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Rosario Central||rowspan="3"|Primera Division||31||4
|-
|2007/08||24||4
|-
|2008/09||21||2
|-
|2009/10||San Lorenzo Almagro||Primera Division||||
164||20
182||23
51||0
397||43
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||10||2
|-
|2000||10||0
|-
|2001||7||2
|-
|2002||7||0
|-
|2003||5||1
|-
|2004||12||4
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
!Total||56||9
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
People from Rosario, Argentina
Umberto Borsò

Umberto Borso (3 April 1923 - 26 November 2018) was an Italian operatic tenor. He was born in La Spezia, Italy.
In 1953 and 1954, he performed in the role of Aio in the premiere of Medea by Pietro Canonica conducted by Ottavio Ziino with Maria Pedrini at the Teatro dell'Opera in Rome. He also replaced Mario Del Monaco in Andrea Chenier starring aloside with Renata Tebaldi in 1953.
Borso died on 26 November 2018 in Rome at the age of 95.
References
Other websites
Umberto Borso at Virtual Museum
1923 births
2018 deaths
Italian singers
Italian stage actors
People from La Spezia
Ezo

, also known as Yezo or Yeso, is an ancient Japanese name for the lands to the north of Japan. It was the name of the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. It was also used as a name for islands in the Sea of Okhotsk, including the Kurile Islands and Sakhalin.
The terms Ezo, Yezo, Ebisu or Emishi were also used as a name for the people and culture of northern Honshu, including Akita Prefecture, Aomori Prefecture, Fukushima Prefecture, Iwate Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture.
History
The first published description of Ezo in the West was brought to Europe by Isaac Titsingh in 1796. His small library of Japanese books included by Hayashi Shihei. This book, which was published in Japan in 1785, described the Ezo region and people.
Titsingh's translation of Sankoku Tsuran Zusetsu was published in 1832.
References
Other websites
Waseda University, San Guo Tong Lan Tu Shuo (Sangoku Tsuran Zusetsu)
An old map of Ezo and two other islands from 1854
Islands of Japan
Hokkaido Prefecture
Akita Prefecture
Aomori Prefecture
Fukushima Prefecture
Iwate Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture
Petit

Petit (born 25 September 1976) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Koln.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995/96||Esposende||||26||1
|-
|1996/97||Gondomar||||13||2
|-
|1997/98||Uniao Lamas||Liga Honra||31||3
|-
|1998/99||Esposende||Liga Honra||30||3
|-
|1999/00||Gil Vicente||Portuguese Liga||30||4
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Boavista||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||26||3
|-
|2001/02||25||4
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="6"|Benfica||rowspan="6"|Portuguese Liga||25||2
|-
|2003/04||23||0
|-
|2004/05||29||2
|-
|2005/06||30||3
|-
|2006/07||24||4
|-
|2007/08||17||1
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Koln||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||31||3
|-
|2009/10||||
329||32
31||3
360||35
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2001||7||0
|-
|2002||9||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||10||2
|-
|2005||6||1
|-
|2006||12||1
|-
|2007||7||0
|-
|2008||5||0
|-
!Total||56||4
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands

The COVID-19 pandemic in Cayman Islands is part of the ongoing global viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was confirmed to have reached the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands in March 2020.
On 12 March 2020, a 68-year-old Italian man in critical condition, who was transferred from a cruise ship to a hospital in the Cayman Islands on 29 February due to heart issues, was announced as the first confirmed coronavirus case. His death was announced two days later.
On 15 November 2020, a second COVID-19 death happened.
On 17 December 2020, Mercer University pre-med student and a Cayman Islands resident were sentenced to four months in prison for her violating the island's mandatory two-week quarantine COVID-19 restriction two days after arriving from the United States.
References
History of the Cayman Islands
Cayman
Born This Way (song)

"Born This Way" is a single by American pop singer Lady Gaga. It was released on February 11, 2011. The song premiered on KIIS-FM's American Top 40 with Ryan Seacrest on February 11th. The single was produced by Mexican music producer Fernando Garibay as well as DJ White Shadow and Gaga herself. The song is the lead single for Gaga's 2nd studio album Born This Way which was released on May 23, 2011. The single's music video was filmed on January 22, 2011. Gaga performed the song live at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards on February 13, 2011, two days after the song's release.
Cover art
While accepting the Video of the Year award (for "Bad Romance") at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga, after tearfully announcing her forthcoming album's title, sang a few lines from the song: "I'm beautiful in my way, 'cause God makes no mistakes; I'm on the right track, baby, I was born this way." Given as a Christmas "gift" to her fans at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Day 2011, she announced (via Twitter) that May 23, 2011 and February 13, 2011 would see the release of Born This Way and this song respectively. The song, however, was released on February 11, two days prior to its original release, after revealing this on her Twitter page on February 7. Prior to its release in late January, Gaga (via Twitter) released the full set of lyrics to "Born This Way" onto the Internet.
Charts
On February 16, 2011, Billboard announced that "Born This Way" entered at the number-one position of the Billboard Hot 100. The song became the 1000th number-one single in the chart's history and the nineteenth song to debut at number one. The song also reached number one in Australia and Canada and reached the top three in the United Kingdom.
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Critical reception
Critics positively reviewed the song, though it faced criticism for having similarities with Madonna's 1989 single "Express Yourself".
2011 songs
Lady Gaga songs
LGBT songs
Dance-pop songs
Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais

Geoffrey II, de Chateau-Landon (born - died 1043-46) was a French nobleman and the Count of Gatinais.
Career
Geoffrey was the son of Geoffrey, Count of Gatinais, and Beatrice of Macon. She was the daughter of Aubry II of Macon. He was born about the year 1000. The Gatinais was a key district on the northeast border of Orleans and Chateau-Landon was the capitol. he married Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou, daughter of Fulk III Nerra. Together they were the ancestors of the House of Plantagenet.
Geoffrey died about 1043-1046. After Geoffrey's death Ermengarde-Blanche married secondly Robert I, Duke of Burgundy.
Family
Together, Geoffrey and Ermengarde had:
Hildegarde de Chateau-Landon, she married c.1060 Joscelin I, Lord of Courtenay.
Geoffrey III of Anjou.
Fulk IV, Count of Anjou
References
1040s deaths
French nobility
Year of birth unknown
1000s births
The Red Pony (1949 movie)

The Red Pony is a 1949 American family drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and was based on the 1937 novella of the same name by John Steinbeck. It stars Myrna Loy, Robert Mitchum, Louis Calhern, Shepperd Strudwick, Margaret Hamilton, Beau Bridges, Nino Tempo and was distributed by Republic Pictures.
Other websites
1949 drama movies
1940s family movies
American family movies
1940s American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
Karan Singh Grover

Karan Singh Grover (born 23 February 1982), also known by the initialism KSG is an Indian model and actor. He is known for his work in Indian television series such as Dill Mill Gayye and Qubool Hai. He has also starred in the Indian films Alone and Hate Story 3.
References
Other websites
Karan Singh Grover at Bollywood Hungama
1982 births
Living people
Indian models
Indian actors
İbrahim Ayhan

Ibrahim Ayhan (10 February 1968 - 20 September 2018) was a Turkish politician. He was of Kurdish origin. He was a Member of Parliament for his hometown of Sanliurfa from 12 June 2011 until his death. He was born in Siverek, Turkey.
Ayhan died on 20 September 2018 in Erbil, Turkey from a heart attack, aged 50.
References
1968 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Turkish politicians
Deep Impact (horse)

Deep Impact (Japanese : deipuinpakuto, March 25, 2002 - July 30, 2019) was a champion Japanese racehorse that won seven Japanese Domestic Grade 1 races, including all races of Japanese Triple Crown (Satsuki Sho, Tokyo Yushun and Kikuka Sho).
On 30 July 2019, Deep Impact was euthanised after suffering a cervical fracture, aged 17.
References
2002 births
2019 deaths
Deaths by euthanasia
Thoroughbred racehorses
Crime Crackers 2

Crime Crackers 2 is a video game developed by Media Vision and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation's Japanese 1997 video game.
Gameplay
Crime Crackers 2 is a first-person shooter with role-playing elements.
Description
Team Guppy are a group of what are known as "Crackers" -- skilled bounty hunters who make a living fighting against space pirates under contract from the Galactic Police. Team Guppy haven't been around long, and aren't particularly famous, so they don't get a whole lot of work. One day, they get a request from the Galactic Police to respond to a pirate attack on Jack Station, and they jump at the chance.
Crime Crackers 2 is the sequel to Crime Crackers, and is again a first-person action game in a similar style. It takes place two years after the original, following a team of Crackers who got into the business after being inspired by Team Pink Dolphin, the heroes of the first game. Just like the previous title, the player must explore each area, defeating enemies and collecting items until they find and defeat the boss.
There are several changes to the system since the first title. The most significant is the elimination of action mode: The player can now always attack forward, giving the game a faster pace than its predecessor, but still more deliberate than, say, Doom. The team size has increased to four, and again each member has their own specific abilities, as well as their own life and weapon energy meters.
The game is otherwise quite similar to the first game. The story is driven through communication from the support team during missions, as well as in animated cutscenes between them. There is also the option to buy and sell items between missions. The game also features a branching storyline with numerous endings, and will even keep track of which branches the player has played through.
1997 video games
PlayStation-only games
PlayStation games
Role-playing video games
Video games developed in Japan
Jacme Taupiac

Jacme Taupiac (born 12 February 1939) is an Occitan author and linguist. He was one of the leaders of the Institut d'Estudis Occitans. He also modernized the Occitan grammar of Alibert and promoted the linguistic normalization of Val d'Aran. He is also a recognized Esperantist.
Reference
Biography on the magazine Calenda
Linguists
1939 births
Living people
French writers
The Producers (TV series)

The Producers (Hangul: peurodyusa) is a 2015 South Korean television series. It stars Kim Soo-hyun, Cha Tae-hyun, Gong Hyo-jin and IU. It was shown on KBS from May 15 to June 20, 2015.
Characters
Kim Soo-hyun as Baek Seung-chan
Cha Tae-hyun as Ra Joon-mo
Gong Hyo-jin as Tak Ye-jin
IU as Cindy
References
Other websites
Official website
South Korean drama television series
2015 television series debuts
2015 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in South Korea
Don Talbot

Donald Malcolm Talbot AO, OBE, (23 August 1933 - 3 November 2020) was an Australian Olympic swimming coach and sport administrator. He coached national teams for Canada, the United States and Australia.
Talbot died on 3 November 2020 at the age of 87.
References
1933 births
2020 deaths
Australian Olympians
Sports executives and administrators
UBS Arena

UBS Arena is an arena at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. It opened on November 19, 2021. It is the home of the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL).
References
Other websites
Official Site
New York Islanders
Sports buildings in New York (state)
Tīrau

Tirau is a small town in the Waikato Region, New Zealand. It has a population of 804, in Maori language Tirau means place of Cabbage Trees. It has a primary school and has three major intersections with State Highway 1 going to Tokoroa and Taupo, State Highway 5 going to Rotorua and State Highway 27 to Matamata. The town was originally named Oxford before it renamed Tirau in 1896.
References
Towns in New Zealand
South Waikato District
Newport, Maine

Newport is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Zinc fluoride

Zinc fluoride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnF2. It contains zinc and fluoride ions.
Properties
Zinc fluoride is a colorless solid. It only dissolves a little in water. It reacts with bases to make zinc hydroxide.
Preparation
Zinc fluoride is made by reacting zinc chloride with a fluoride. It can also be made by reacting zinc with fluorine. It also can be made by reacting zinc with hydrofluoric acid to make hydrogen and zinc fluoride.
Related pages
Zinc bromide
Zinc iodide
Zinc compounds
Fluorine compounds
Room Service (Bryan Adams album)

Room Service is a rock album by Canadian singer/songwriter Bryan Adams released internationally in 2004 and in the U.S. the following year. "Open Road" was the first single taken from the album, followed by "Flying", "Room Service" and, as an American release, "This Side of Paradise". In the summer of 2005, "Open Road" was used the theme song in ESPN's SportsCenter series 50 States in 50 Days.
"East Side Story" was originally going to be released on Chicane's canceled Album Easy To Assemble with Bryan Adams on vocals, although with a completely different composition.
Track listings
Personnel
Bryan Adams - guitar, dobro, harmonica, piano and bass
Keith Scott - guitars
Mickey Curry - drums
Norm Fisher - bass
Gary Breit - piano and organ
Phil Tornalley - additional production, guitars and keyboards
Yoad Nevo - additional production, programming, percussion, guitars
Declan Masterson - Irish whistle on "Flying"
Maurice Seezer - accordion and piano on "Flying"
Gavin Greenway - string arrangement on "Flying"
Michael Kamen - string arrangement and oboe on "I Was Only Dreaming"
Ben Dobie, Avril Mackintosh, and Olle Romo - protocols editing
The Pointless Brothers - background vocals on "Flying"
Bob Clearmountain - Mixing
Ben Dobie - engineering
Other websites
Bryan Adams interview
Bryan Adams albums
2004 albums
Qardaha

Qardaha () is a small town in northwestern Syria. It is the capital of the Qardaha District. It is the home town of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
Weather
Source #3 Climate Zone (Rainy and snowy days)
References
Cities in Syria
Nativity of Jesus

The nativity of Jesus, nativity of Christ, birth of Jesus or birth of Christ is mentioned in the biblical gospels of Luke and Matthew.
The two gospel both say that Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judaea and that his birth was caused by divine intervention. In Contra Celsum 1.51, Origen, who travelled throughout Palestine beginning in around 215, wrote of the "manger of Jesus".
The date of birth for Jesus of Nazareth is not said in the gospels or in any secular text, but a majority of scholars believe that a date between 6 BC and 4 BC is most likely.
References
Jesus
Afro-Spaniards

Afro-Spaniards are black people who live in Spain.
African people
Ethnic groups in Europe
Indianapolis Indians

The Indianapolis Indians are a Minor League Baseball team from Indianapolis, Indiana. They play baseball at the Triple-A (AAA) level, the most difficult level before Major League Baseball, against other baseball teams in the International League (a group of 20 baseball teams at the same level). The Indians are partnered with the Pittsburgh Pirates, a Major League Baseball team. When a player shows that he plays well at this level, he may be moved up to play for the Pirates.
The team is named "Indians" because of the similarity between that name and the named of their state, Indiana. However, the team also uses Native American (or "Indian") themes in their logos.
The Indians have played at a stadium called Victory Field since 1996. Before this, they played at Owen J. Bush Stadium from 1931 to 1996 and at two stadiums called Washington Park from 1902 to 1931.
References
Other websites
The team's website
The team's statistics from Baseball-Reference
1900s establishments in the United States
Baseball teams in the United States
Indianapolis
Pittsburgh Pirates
Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

The A-10 Thunderbolt II (also called the Warthog) is an attack aircraft made by Fairchild Republic. It first flew in 1972 and was introduced in 1977. It is designed to drop bombs, fire rockets, missiles, and its 30mm Gatling gun at enemies on the ground (such as tanks). It is named after the World War II P-47 Thunderbolt. Although not as fast as most military jets, it is tough, heavily armored, and can turn well. The A-10 is also used as a CAS (close air support) aircraft, which involves flying slowly over a battlefield and destroying enemy targets.
The A-10 is 53 feet, 4 inches (16.16 meters) long, 14 feet, 8 inches (4.42 meters) high, has a wingspan of 57 feet, 6 inches (17.42 meters), has a top speed 420 miles per hour, and can weigh 51,000 pounds (22,950 kilograms) at its heaviest. It is armed with a 30mm GAU-8 Gatling gun, and can carry multiple tons of bombs or missiles. It can also carry radar-jamming pods to avoid radar detection, and chaff, which can distract radar-guided missiles fired at the A-10.
The Gun
While the A-10 has a lot of room on its wings to carry bombs and missiles, its main weapon is the front mounted gun, called the GAU-8 Avenger. It is a very long and heavy gun called a Gatling cannon, since it is a both an autocannon (fires large bullets very fast) and Gatling gun (has more than one barrel, which spins while shooting). The Avenger is so big that the A-10 had to be designed around it, leading to a joke that the A-10 does not have a gun attached, but the Avenger has a plane attached. The A-10 is the only aircraft to use the Avenger. Other American planes use the smaller Vulcan, also a Gatling cannon that uses smaller bullets.
Because the Avenger fires such big bullets (exploding artillery shells 3cm wide) at such a high rate of fire (up to 40 every second) many believe it can destroy any target very easily, even tanks with thick armor such as the M1 Abrams. However, while the bullet can go through thin metal on a car or truck, it cannot penetrate the thick metal walls of a tank. It can only destroy them because most tanks only have thinner metal on the top to make them lighter. If an A-10 hits this thinner armor, then destruction is more likely, but if it hits the front or sides where the armor is thicker, then the tank crew and systems will survive.
Rugged aircraft
The A-10 is reportedly a rugged aircraft. On April 7, 2003, then-Captain Kim Campbell felt a loud hit to her A-10. The aircraft rolled left and pointed toward the ground. After trying other procedures, she turned off the hydraulics and flew the aircraft in manual reversion. The aircraft performed fine during the hour flight back to the air base. However, landing was tricky, because she had no brakes nor ground steering without hydraulics.
Related pages
P-47 Thunderbolt
References
United States Air Force aircraft
Lady and the Tramp

Lady and the Tramp is a 1955 American-Italian animated movie. It was produced by Walt Disney. It was released to theaters on June 22, 1955, by Buena Vista Distribution. It is the 15th animated movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. It was the first animated movie filmed in the CinemaScope widescreen movie process. It was nominated for Best Animated Movie at the BAFTA Awards.
The story is set in 1909. It is about a female American Cocker Spaniel named Lady. She lives with a refined, upper-middle-class family. The story is also about a male stray mutt called the Tramp. A direct-to-video sequel, Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure, was released in 2000.
A live-action remake was released on Disney+ on November 12, 2019.
In June 2011, TIME named it one of "The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films". It has gotten some criticism for the portrayal of the Siamese cats, who are thought to be racist stereotypes of Asian people.
Release Dates
Cast
Barbara Luddy as Lady
Larry Roberts as The Tramp
Bill Thompson as Jock, Joe, Bulldog, Dachsie, Policeman
Bill Baucom as Trusty
George Givot as Tony
Peggy Lee as Darling, Si, Am, Peg
Verna Felton as Aunt Sarah
Stan Freberg as the beaver
Alan Reed as Boris
Thurl Ravenscroft as Al the alligator
Dallas McKennon as Toughy, Pedro, Professor, Hyena
Lee Millar as Jim Dear, Dogcatcher
The Mellomen (Thurl Ravenscroft, Bill Lee, Max Smith, Bob Hamlin and Bob Stevens) as Dog Chorus
References
Other websites
Lady and the Tramp at Disney's Archives
1955 movies
American animated movies
American comedy movies
Disney animated movies
Movies about dogs
Movies composed by Oliver Wallace
Movies set in the 1900s
Movies set in the 1910s
Movies set in the United States
Southeastern (train company 2006–2021)

London & South Eastern Railway Limited, trading as Southeastern was a train operating company in southeast England.
On 1 April 2006, it became the franchisee for the new Integrated Kent Franchise (IKF), overtaking the publicly owned South Eastern Trains. It served the commuter routes to south-east London, most of Kent, and parts of East Sussex.
From 2012, Thameslink have taken over various routes including the Catford Loop and Sevenoaks to Blackfriars services.
Its services was stopped on 16 October 2021 because the company kept PS25 million that should have been returned to Department for Transport.
Gallery
References
Other websites
|-
Defunct railway companies of the United Kingdom
2006 establishments in England
2021 disestablishments
Post-privatisation British railway companies
2020s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
FM-2030

FM-2030 (born Fereidoun M. Esfandiary ; October 15, 1930 - July 8, 2000) was a Belgian-born Iranian-American author, teacher, transhumanist philosopher, futurist, consultant and athlete. He was a known transhumanist with the book Are You a Transhuman?: Monitoring and Stimulating Your Personal Rate of Growth in a Rapidly Changing World, published in 1989.
References
Other websites
NPR story about FM-2030
Ilija Trojanow on F.M. Esfandiary: Searching for Identity in Iran's Labyrinthine Bureaucracy
"Are You a Transhuman?: Monitoring and Stimulating Your Personal Rate of Growth in a Rapidly Changing World" (PDF)
FM-2030 interview on CNN Larry King Live, in 1990
1930 births
2000 deaths
Cryonically preserved people
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
Belgian writers
Iranian writers
American philosophers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from New York (state)
People from Brussels
20th-century philosophers
American atheists
20th-century American novelists
Vegetarians
Warren Keith Urbom

Warren Keith Urbom (December 17, 1925 - July 28, 2017) was an American judge. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska from 1970 until his retirement in 2014. He was nominated to the position by President Richard Nixon.
Urbom was born in Atlanta, Nebraska. He studied at Nebraska Wesleyan University and at the University of Michigan. Urbom died in Lincoln, Nebraska on July 28, 2017, at the age of 91.
References
Other websites
Warren Keith Urbom (1925-2017) Biography
1925 births
2017 deaths
American judges
Lawyers from Nebraska
Politicians from Nebraska
Clash of the Titans: The Video Game

Clash of the Titans: The Video Game or simply known as Clash of the Titans is a action-adventure video game developed by Game Rerpublic and developed by Namco Bandai Games for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 and Glu Games for BlackBerry. Based on film of the same name, which is used an hack and slash combat. Some on the fights end with quick time sequence. Player can collected some points, to upgrade their weapons. In some sections, the player can able to used their weapons removed, and has to fight by hands. Player can able perform both light and heavy attacks, and also can hold buttons to release special attacks.
2010 video games
Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism is a word that describes a society where many different cultures live together. It is the simple fact of cultural diversity.
In a multicultural society, there is not an official (decided by the people in charge) culture that every person must be a part of. Instead, all cultures are respected as much as each other.
A multicultural society can result when people from many different countries migrate to one place, or an empire conquers many countries. Tolerance is a big help for multiculturalism. Xenophobia makes it difficult.
A multicultural society would be composed of people from different ethnic backgrounds and cultures living and working together. In society when people from different backgrounds link with each other's culture shows the acceptance of each other's culture and background.
Related pages
Multiculturalism in Canada
Multilingualism
Pluralism
Toleration
Sociology
Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy

Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy is a 2004 American comedy movie set in San Diego in 1975. It was produced by Judd Apatow and directed by Adam McKay. The movie is number 100 on Bravo's 100 funniest movies, and 113 on Empire's 500 Greatest Movies of All Time. It was narrated by Bill Kurtis. It was released on July 9, 2004. A sequel, Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues was released on December 18, 2013.
Cast
Will Ferrell as Ron Burgundy
Christina Applegate as Veronica Corningstone
Paul Rudd as Brian Fantana
David Koechner as Champion 'Champ' Kind
Steve Carell as Brick Tamland
Fred Willard as Ed Harken
Chris Parnell as Garth Holladay
Vince Vaughn as Wes Mantooth
Other websites
AnchormanMovie.com - Official Website
2004 comedy movies
American comedy movies
DreamWorks Pictures movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Adam McKay
Movies set in San Diego, California
Movies set in the 1970s
Mendenhall Springs, California

Mendenhall Springs is an unincorporated community in Alameda County, California. It is 554 m above sea level, and lies 14 km southeast of Livermore.
Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Alameda County, California
Teller County, Colorado

Teller County is a county in the state of Colorado in the United States. As of the 2020 census, 24,710 people lived there. The county seat is Cripple Creek.
References
Colorado counties
Judith Oulton

Judith Oulton is a Canadian nurse and former chief executive officer of International Council of Nurses. She is a recipient of the Jeanne Mance Award.
References
Nurses
Töss (river)

The Toss is a river of the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. The river begins in the Zurcher Oberland. It flows along the Toss Valley (Tosstal) past Winterthur. It joins the Rhine at Tossegg near Teufen.
References
Other websites
Rivers of Switzerland
Monty Hall problem

The Monty Hall problem is a famous problem in probability (chance). The problem is based on a television game show from the United States, Let's Make a Deal. It is named for this show's host, Monty Hall.
In the problem, there are three doors. A car (prize of high value) is behind one door and goats (booby prizes of low value) are behind the other two doors. First, the player chooses a door but does not open it. Then the host opens a different door. The host knows what is behind every door, and always chooses a door with a goat behind it. (If there are goats behind both other doors, one is chosen at random.) Last, the player choose whether to keep what is behind the first door or to change to the third door (the one the host did not open).
The rules of the problem are that the host has to open a door with a goat behind it and the player has the opportunity to switch. The question is whether changing choices increases the chances of getting the car.
Most people feel that the car is equally likely to be behind either of the two doors that are still closed, so that changing doors does not affect the chance of getting the car. The true answer is that changing choices increases the chances of getting the car from 1/3 (one out of three) to 2/3 (two out of three).
That 2/3 (two out of three) chance comes from the fact in the initial door choice, the player has a 1/3 (one out of three) chance of picking the door with the car. There is a 2/3 (two out of three) chance if the car is behind one of the other two doors. If the player could switch from their one door to the other two doors this would improve their chances. The fact that the host reveals that one of the other doors contains a goat does not change this probability. The player is still effectively swapping their one door for the other two (even though one of them has been opened).
These are the options:
1. (Lose): If the player picks the car, then the host will show a goat. Then if the player changes their choice, they will get a goat .
2. (Win) : If the player picks a goat, then the host will show the other goat. Then if the player changes their choice, they will get a car.
3. (Win) : If the player picks the other goat, then the host will show the first goat. Then if the player changes their choice, they will get a car.
So, it is true that if the player changes (switches) then the player will win a car two times out of three.
Other websites
Monty Hall Problem at Wolfram MathWorld
Graphical Proof of the Monty Hall Problem
A Monty Hall Simulator in Javascript
Monty Hall Simulation Online
Making the Monty Hall Obvious
A tree-diagram of the Monty Hall problem under the Marilyn vos Savant assumptions
The Game Show Problem
Mathematical problems
Probability theory
For a Few Dollars More

For a Few Dollars More (1965) is a Spaghetti Western movie directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood. It is the second movie in the Dollars trilogy and was released in the United States in 1967. The first movie in the trilogy is A Fistful of Dollars; the third is The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.
Other websites
The Spaghetti Western Database
1960s Western (genre) movies
1965 movies
Italian-language movies
Italian movies
Spanish movies
German movies
Movies directed by Sergio Leone
Movies composed by Ennio Morricone
Eero Mäntyranta

Eero Antero Mantyranta (20 November 1937 - 30 December 2013) was a Finnish skier. He has won several medals and the Winter Olympic Games.
Mantyranta was born in Pello, Finland.
He competed in four Winter Olympics from 1960 to 1972. He won seven medals at the first three of them. This makes him one of the most successful skiers in Finland. His success at the 1964 Winter Olympics earned him the nickname "Mister Seefeld". The Finnish Ministry of Education honored him with the Pro Urheilu letter of recognition in 2000. There is a museum called Mantyranta in Pello.
Mantyranta died on 30 December 2013 from a heart attack. He died in Pello, aged 74.
Other websites
Holmenkollen medalists - click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file
Holmenkollen winners since 1892 - click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file
1937 births
2013 deaths
1960 Winter Olympics
1964 Winter Olympics
1968 Winter Olympics
1972 Winter Olympics
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Finnish Olympic bronze medalists
Finnish Olympic silver medalists
Finnish Olympic gold medalists
Finnish skiers
Maria Bethânia

Maria Bethania Viana Teles Velloso (born June 18, 1946 in Santo Amaro da Purificacao, Bahia), known by her stage name Maria Bethania, is a Brazilian singer-songwriter. Her brother is the singer Caetano Veloso.
Career
Her career began in 1965 after moving to Rio de Janeiro. She made her debut in the show Opiniao. The same year she signed a contract with RCA Records and released her first album: Maria Bethania. In 1978 she was the first female singer in Brazil to have sold over a million CD's with her album: Alibi.
In 47 years she has released over 50 albums. With over 26 millions in record sales she is one of most successful singers in Brazil.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Revista Veja - A nacao das cantoras
All Music Guide profile
1946 births
Living people
Brazilian singers
Horsens

Horsens is a city in Denmark. In 2021, 59,966 people lived there which makes it the 8th largest city in the country. It is in the eastern Jutland region.
References
Cities in Denmark
Darren Aronofsky

Darren S. Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American movie director. His best known movies that he has directed are Requiem for a Dream, The Wrestler and Black Swan. He attended Harvard University where he graduated in 1991 and majored in social anthropology. He is has Ukrainian and Russian ancestry. He was raised culturally Jewish.
Movies by Darren Aronofsky
Pi (1998)
Requiem for a Dream (2000)
Below (2002)
The Fountain (2006)
The Wrestler (2008)
Black Swan (2010)
Noah (2014)
Mother! (2017)
References
Other websites
Darren Aronofsky's Official website
1969 births
Living people
American movie directors
Entertainers from New York City
American Jews
Movie directors from New York City
Ivar Rooth

Ivar Rooth (2 November 1888 - 27 February 1972) was a Swedish lawyer and economist. He served as Governor of the Swedish National Bank from 1929 to 1948 and as the second Managing Director and Chairman of the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 1951 to 1956. He was also a member of the board of directors of the Bank of International Settlements.
Rooth died in Sweden on 27 February 1972 at the age of 83.
References
1888 births
1972 deaths
Swedish economists
Swedish lawyers
Managing Directors of the International Monetary Fund
Hafiz Hafeezur Rehman

Hafiz Hafeezur Rehman (; born 1st January 1969) is a Pakistani politician. He is the 2nd Chief Minister of Gilgit-Baltistan and also leader of Pakistan's conservative political party PML-N, in Gilgit-Baltistan. He is serving in office since 2015.
References
1971 births
Living people
Pakistani politicians
People from Gilgit-Baltistan