pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, after 1791, the Commonwealth of Poland, was a state of Poland and Lithuania that was ruled by a common monarch. The Commonwealth was an extension of the Polish-Lithuanian Union, a personal union between those two states that had existed from 1386. It was the largest and countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe and had one of the largest populations. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth covered more lands than the present lands of Poland and Lithuania since it covered also all of present-day Belarus, a large part of present-day Ukraine and Latvia, and the west of present-day Russia.
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had high levels of ethnic diversity and religious tolerance. However, the amount of religious freedom varied over time.
After several decades of prosperity, it entered a period of political, military and economic decline. The Commonwealth ended with the final Partitions of Poland in 1795. Its growing weakness led to it being invaded and divided by its more powerful neighbours: Austria, Prussia and the Russian.
Some information
In Poland, the official languages were Polish and Latin. In Lithuania, the official languages were Old Belarusian, Latin, and Lithuanian.
The Commonwealth was one of largest countries of its time. It had a large population. At one time, the Commonwealth covered about 400,000 square miles. Population was around 11 million. People of different ethnicities lived in the Commonwealth.
For about 200 years, the Commonwealth withstood wars with other powers of Europe of that time: Muscovy Russians, the Ottoman Empire, and Swedes.
The Commonwealth developed a system of laws and legislature that reduced the power of the monarch. Some concepts of democracy also developed in the Commonwealth like constitutional monarchy.
In theory, the two countries of the Commonwealth were equal, but Poland had a leading role.
The Commonwealth had a leading influence of the Catholic Church. However, the government allowed peoples of different religions to follow their religions. Thus, peoples of many religions lived in the Commonwealth.
The Commonwealth also produced a national constitution, the first in Europe.
Agriculture was the main economic activity in the Commonwealth.
References
Notes
1795 disestablishments
Former republics
History of Belarus
History of Lithuania
History of Poland
History of Ukraine
1569 establishments
1790s disestablishments in Europe
Former countries in Europe
Louvie-Juzon

Louvie-Juzon is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Louvie-Juzon
Oui, oui, oui, oui

"Oui, oui, oui, oui" (, "Yes, yes, yes, yes") is a song by French singer Jean Philippe. Pierre Cour and Hubert Giraud wrote it. The song was released as an EP and a single in 1959. It represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1959.
Eurovision Song Contest 1959
Selection
"Oui, oui, oui, oui" participated in a national final organized by French broadcaster RTF in 1959. The song won it. For that reason, RTF sent it to represent France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1959.
In the contest
The song competed in the contest. It was held in the Palace of Festivals and Conferences in Cannes, France, on 11 March 1959. Jean Philippe performed it. Franck Pourcel conducted the orchestra.
It was performed first, before Denmark's Birthe Wilke with "Uh, jeg ville onske jeg var dig". In the end, the song received 15 points. It placed third out of 11.
Formats
Rankings
Release history
Related pages
France in the Eurovision Song Contest
Notes
French words and phrases
1959 songs
Benjamin K. Sovacool

Benjamin K. Sovacool is an academic at the Vermont Law School. He has written several books and many journal articles.
Research work
Sovacool's research interests include energy policy and environmental issues. He has published more than 90 academic papers in journals like The Electricity Journal and Energy Policy. He has also appeared on the BBC World News, Bloomberg Live!, and Channel News Asia and been interviewed by Newsweek International, Associated Press, United Press International. His work on carbon emissions from nuclear power stations has also been reviewed in Nature.
Books
In 2007, Sovacool edited Energy and American Society: Thirteen Myths which has been reviewed in Energy Policy and the Annals of the Association of American Geographers. In 2008, he wrote The Dirty Energy Dilemma: What's Blocking Clean Power in the United States which was published by Praeger and won a 2009 Nautilus Award.
In Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power (2011) Sovacool says that "energy efficiency programs and renewable power technologies are better than nuclear power plants".
His other books include:
Miguel Mendonca, David Jacobs and Benjamin K. Sovacool (2009). Powering the Green Economy: The Feed-In Tariff Handbook, Earthscan.
Benjamin K. Sovacool (2010). Climate Change and Energy Security: A Global Overview of Technology and Policy Options, MIT Press.
Benjamin K. Sovacool (Ed.) (2011). The Routledge Handbook of Energy Security, Routledge.
Benjamin K. Sovacool et al. (forthcoming). International Politics of Nuclear Power.
Related pages
Amory Lovins
Renewable energy commercialization
Mycle Schneider
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Academics from Vermont
Cheux

Cheux is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Thue et Mue.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Weston-on-Trent

Weston-on-Trent is a village and parish in Derbyshire. It is to the north of the River Trent. At the 2004 census there were about 800 people in the village aged sixteen to seventy-four years.
In 1009 AEthelraed Unraed (King Ethelred the Unready) signed a document which agreed the size of Weston. The document shows that Weston owned the crossings of the River Trent. These crossings were for one of the roads going up or down England. The land was at Weston upon Trent and at Morley, Smalley, Ingleby, Crich and Kidsley. This land was given to Morcar, the King's chief minister. Morcar could decide a person's life or death without the King.
References
Villages in Derbyshire
Union County, South Dakota

Union County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,811. Its county seat is Elk Point. Originally named Cole County, the named was changed to Union because of Civil War sentiment. It was founded on April 10, 1862.
Union County is part of the Sioux City, IA-NE-SD Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Progressive Farmer rated Union County second in the 2006 "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., because "its schools are good, its towns neat and its people friendly."
References
1862 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
List of Scottish monarchs

This is a list of the Kings and Queens of Scotland. This list goes from 843 until when England and Scotland joined in 1707.
House of Alpin
The House of Alpin traditionally ends in 1034, although this list continues to 1058.
Kenneth I (c. 843-858)
Donald I (858-862)
Constantine I (862-877)
Aed (877-878)
Eochaid (878-889) (disputed)
Giric (878-889)
Donald II (889-890)
Constantine II (900-943)
Malcolm I (943-954)
Indulf (954-962)
Dub (962-967)
Culen (967-971)
Amlaib (971-977) (disputed)
Kenneth II (971-995)
Constantine III (995-997)
Kenneth III (997-1005)
Malcolm II (1005-1034)
Duncan I (1034-1040)
Macbeth (1040-1057)
Lulach (1057-1058)
House of Dunkeld
The House of Dunkeld may have begun in 1034.
Malcolm III (1058-1093)
Donald III (1093-1094)
Duncan II (1094)
Donald III (1094-1097)
Edmund (1094-1097)
Edgar (1097-1107)
Alexander I (1107-1124)
Saint David I (1124-1153)
Malcolm IV (1153-1165)
William I (1165-1214)
Alexander II (1214-1249)
Alexander III (1249-1286)
Margaret (1286-1290)
First Interregnum 1290-1292
Guardians of Scotland
William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews
Duncan Macduff, 8th Earl of Fife
Alexander Comyn, 2nd Earl of Buchan
Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow
James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland
John Comyn
House of Balliol
John (1292-1296)
Second Interregnum 1296-1306
Guardians of Scotland
Andrew de Moray (1297)
William Wallace (1297-1298)
Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick (1298-1300)
John Comyn (1298-1301)
William Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews (1299-1301)
Sir Ingram de Umfraville (1300-1301)
John de Soules (1301-1304)
John Comyn (1302-1304)
House of Bruce
Robert I the Bruce (1306-1329)
David II (1329-1371)
House of Balliol
Edward Balliol (1329 - 1363)
House of Stewart (Stuart)
Robert II (1371-1390)
Robert III (1390-1406)
James I (1406-1437)
James II (1437-1460)
James III (1460-1488)
James IV (1488-1513)
James V (1513-1542)
Mary I (1542-1567) (executed 1587)
James VI (1567-1625), Union of the Crowns with Kingdom of England from (1603)
Charles I (1625-1649)
Charles II (1649-1685) (See also English Interregnum)
James VII (1685-1689)
Mary II (1689-1694), co-monarch
William II (1689-1702), co-monarch until 1694
Anne (1702-1714), though the Scottish throne was replaced with that of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707
Disputed or unrecognized claims
Note: there have been other claims to the Scottish throne besides these
Margaret, the Maid of Norway was unrecognized by some Scots (ruled 1286-1290)
Henry Lord Darnley proclaimed himself king in 1565 as Henry I of Scotland (ruled 1565-1567)
Charles II claimed to rule even during Oliver & Richard Cromwell's reigns (ruled 1649-1685)
James VII was recognized by France to rule after his deposal (ruled 1685-1702)
Related pages
In 1707, England and Scotland joined. For Kings and Queens after 1707, see British monarchs. The same monarchs had ruled Scotland, England, and Ireland since James VI and the Union of the Crowns in 1603.
Lists of British monarchs
Scotland-related lists
Trumbull County, Ohio

Trumbull County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. 201,977 people lived there in the 2020 census. The county seat is Warren, which developed industry along the Mahoning River.
Trumbull County is part of the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
References
1800s establishments in Ohio
1800 establishments in the United States
Ohio counties
Tromsø Airport

Tromso Airport is an airport in Norway. It is found in Tromso city, which is part of Tromso Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county. The airport's longest runway is long. It is owned by the company Avinor. In 2014, the airport had 1,910,692 passengers, 43,219 aircraft movements, and 2,758 tonnes of cargo. This made Tromso Airport the fifth-busiest airport in Norway.
The airport was opened in 1964 and replaced the older Tromso Airport, Skattora, which was a water airport. Tromso Airport is the main airport for Wideroe's regional flights to Troms og Finnmark. Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) operated main flights to other big airports. Braathens SAFE and its Busy Bee branch operated from Tromso from 1967 to 2002. Norwegian Air Shuttle and Lufttransport also have operations at Tromso. The current Terminal B was built in 1977. Terminal A opened in 1997 after a runway was made longer and a new control tower was built.
References
Airports in Europe
Tromso
2021 San Jose shooting

On May 26, 2021, a mass shooting took place at a Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) rail yard in San Jose, California, United States. Ten people were killed, including the gunman, 57-year-old VTA employee Samuel James Cassidy, who shot and killed himself.
In total, there were 10 deaths caused by the gunman. The gunman would be confirmed to be dead towards the end of the shooting, after 9 others had died.
References
2021 in California
2021 mass shootings in the United States
2021 murders in the United States
2020s crimes in California
2021 shooting
Mass murder in 2021
Mass murder in California
Mass shootings in California
Murder-suicides in California
Suicide in 2021
The Return (Bathory album)

The Return (the full name is The Return of the Darkness and Evil; sometimes called The Return......) is the second studio album released by the Swedish extreme metal Bathory. It was released on vinyl on 27 May 1985, through Combat Records. The album was very important in the death metal and black metal scene.
Songs
People
Quorthon - Guitars, Vocals, Additional Bass Guitar, Album Cover Design, album back and front cover photography, production, recording, mixing
Andreas Johansson - bass guitar, album back and front cover photography
Stefan Larsson - drums, album back and front cover photography
Gunnar Silins - album back and front cover photography
References
1985 albums
William Woodgate

William Woodgate (26 August 1638 - 18 January 1717) was High Sheriff of Kent in 1700, he was the son of John Woodgate.
Marriage
He married Mary Sillcock of Benenden, Kent in 1658, they had 1 child, William Woodgate (1661-1758)
References
1638 births
1710s deaths
People from Kent
G-funk

G-funk (or gangsta funk), is a sub-genre of hip hop music. It is derived from West Coast gangsta rap. In the early 1990s it became the most popular genre of hip hop.
Hip hop genres
2016 Democratic National Convention

At the 2016 Democratic National Convention, delegates of the United States Democratic Party chose their nominees for President of the United States and Vice President of the United States in the 2016 national election. It was held July 25-28, 2016, at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, with some events at the Pennsylvania Convention Center, beginning exactly one week after the 2016 Republican National Convention. The candidates were former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton of New York, and United States senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont.
There are 4,764 delegates to the Democratic National Convention, so a candidate needs a simple majority of 2,383 delegates including "superdelegates" to win the presidential nomination. On June 6, 2016, Clinton won the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries, becoming the presumptive candidate.
References
2016 in Pennsylvania
July 2016 events
2010s in Philadelphia
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic
United States presidential nominating conventions
Nick Theodore

Nick Andrew Theodore (born September 16, 1928) is an American politician. He was a State representative from 1963-66 and 1970-78, a South Carolina state senator from 1967-68 and from 1981-86, and the 85th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina from 1987 to 1995.
Theodore is a member of the Democratic Party.
References
1928 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of South Carolina
People from Greenville, South Carolina
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
BLM (law firm)

BLM LLP is an insurance and dispute resolution law firm based in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was rebranded from Berrymans Lace Mawer following the merger with HBM Sayers in May 2014.
Services
BLM provides legal services in 50 areas of law, grouped into eleven key market sectors: brokers, construction and property, general insurance, healthcare, leisure and hospitality, Lloyds and London market, manufacturing, public sector, retail, TMT and transport and logistics.
Offices
BLM has 13 offices across the UK and Ireland. The firm has approximately 1,550 staff including 170 partners (as of 1 May 2014) and 630 lawyers and technical experts.
References
Law firms of the United Kingdom
Tim Hunt

Sir Richard Timothy Hunt , (born 19 February 1943 in Neston, Cheshire), is an English biochemist. He is usually known as Tim Hunt.
Hunt shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on cell division.
The prize was shared with Paul Nurse and Leland H. Hartwell. They had discovered the molecules which control cell division.
Cyclins are proteins that play a key role in regulating the cell-division cycle. Hunt found that cyclins begin to be synthesised after eggs are fertilised. He also found that cyclins are present in vertebrate cells, where they also regulate the cell cycle.
Early life
At the age of eight he was accepted into the Dragon School, where he first developed an interest in biology thanks to his German teacher, Gerd Sommerhoff.
When he was fourteen he moved to Magdalen College School, Oxford, where the science prizes now bear his name.
Career
In 1961, Hunt was accepted into Clare College, Cambridge to study natural sciences, graduating in 1964 and immediately beginning work in the university Department of Biochemistry.
He finished his PhD in 1968 and went to New York to work on protein synthesis. Tiny amounts of glutathione inhibited protein synthesis in reticulocytes (immature red blood cells), and tiny amounts of RNA killed the synthesis altogether. After returning to Cambridge he continued work on substances which started or inhibited protein synthesis.
In 1982 at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, he used the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) egg as his model organism. He discovered the cyclin molecule.
Hunt found that cyclins are present in vertebrate cells where they regulate the cell cycle. His group showed that cyclins bind and activate a family of protein kinases. One of these had been identified as a crucial cell cycle regulator by Paul Nurse.
In 1990 he began work at Imperial Cancer Research Fund. In 2001 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Leland Hartwell and Paul Nurse for their work on cell division. Other honours followed, and he was knighted by the Queen in 2006.
Personal life
Hunt is married to Mary Collins. The couple have two daughters.
Other websites
Biographical information and videos (presentations and other) from Wilsede Science Connections
- web page with two-minute video interview with Hunt on the discovery of cyclin
References
1943 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British Nobel Prize winners
English biochemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Bachelor
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
People from Cheshire
Robert Fogel

Robert William Fogel (July 1, 1926 - June 11, 2013) was an American economic historian and scientist, and winner (with Douglass North) of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
Fogel was born on July 1, 1926 in New York City, New York to Russian-Jewish parents. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Fogel graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1944. He studied at Cornell University, at Columbia University, and at Johns Hopkins University. Fogel died on June 11, 2013, at a health services center in Oak Park, Illinois of a short illness, aged 86.
References
Other websites
Nobel prize autobiography
Review of Fogel's "Escape from Hunger and Premature Death"
Lance Davis review essay on Fogel's Railroads and American Economic Growth
Thomas Weiss review essay on Fogel and Engerman's Time on the Cross
Podcast Interview with co-author Stanley Engerman on Time on the Cross on EconTalk at Econlib
RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) updated information about Robert W. Fogel
Feature article in The University of Chicago magazine
IDEAS/RePEc
1926 births
2013 deaths
American economists
American historians
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Chicago
Scientists from New York City
Writers from Chicago
Writers from New York City
Educators from New York City
Educators from Chicago
Hurricane Ernesto (2012)

Hurricane Ernesto was an Atlantic tropical cyclone. It went across Jamaica and then cut through the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula as a hurricane. The storm later made landfall in southeastern Mexico. It caused several deaths over the area. The storm was born August 1, 2012. It died August 10 over south central Mexico.
2012 Atlantic hurricane season
August 2012 events
2012 in North America
Hurricanes in Mexico
2010s in Mexico
2010s in Jamaica
Carrier battle group

A carrier battle group (CVBG) is a naval fleet that includes an aircraft carrier and a group of other ships that work together to help the carrier complete its mission. The CV in CVBG is the United States Navy classification code for an aircraft carrier.
The first naval fleets built around carriers were seen at the beginning of World War II. The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was the first to put many carriers into one task force. This task force was used in the attack on Pearl Harbor. It was the IJN's main carrier battle group until four of its carriers were sunk at the Battle of Midway. The United States Navy deployed its carriers in separate formations. Each carrier was put with its own cruiser and destroyer escorts. These single-carrier fleets would often work together for certain assignments. The most notable examples of this are the Battle of the Coral Sea and Midway. By 1943, there was a large number of fleet and smaller carriers became available. This led to them using larger formations of three or four carriers. These groups became the Fast Carrier Task Force. They are the primary battle unit of the U.S. Third and Fifth Fleets.
With the construction of the large "supercarriers" of the Cold War era, the use of each carrier in a single formation was brought back. During this time, the main role of the CVBG in battle with the Soviet Union would have been to protect Atlantic supply routes between the United States and its NATO allies in Europe. The Soviet Union had no large carriers of its own. Aircraft carriers fighting each other would have been unlikely. A main mission of the Soviet Navy's attack submarines was to track every allied battle group. If war started, their mission was to sink the carriers. Knowing this, the CVBG put much of its resources in its own anti-submarine warfare mission.
Naval ships of the United States
Military aviation
Military of Japan
Luciano Gasperini

Luciano Gasperini (born 15 June 1935) is an Italian venetist politician. He was a senator for Liga Veneta-Lega Nord from Veneto from 1996 to 2001. He was chairman of the party's group from 1999 to 2000 and in 1999 he was the party's candidate for the post of President of the Italian Republic.
In 1999 and 2004 he was candidate for Mayor of Padua. From 2002 to 2005 he was federal president of the party. He worked in the Silvio Berlusconi's governments from 2004 through 2006.
References
1935 births
Living people
Italian politicians
CounterPunch

CounterPunch is a left-wing magazine. It is bi-weekly meaning that it posts twice a week. The website says that its funds (money) comes from their readers.
History
CounterPunch was made in 1994 by Ken Silverstein. It was first a newsletter.
Reception
Christopher Reed said that CounterPunch is "is one of the most popular political sources in America, with a keen following in Washington". He said this in The Guardian.
CounterPunch has also been described as left-wing.
Michael Moynihan said in the libertarian magazine Reason that CounterPunch is far-left.
The pro-Israel lobby group Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America (CAMERA) stated that CounterPunch is "an extremist, anti-Israel website".
Adam Levick in Algemeiner criticised CounterPunch for allowing anti-semites and neo-Nazis like Gilad Atzmon to publish content on their website.
References
American magazines
Saint-Michel-de-Rieufret

Saint-Michel-de-Rieufret is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
2020 United States Senate election in Oregon

An election happened on November 3, 2020 to elect a Senator from the U.S. state of Oregon. The four people in the election were Jeff Merkley (Democratic Party), Jo Rae Perkins (Republican Party), Gary Dye (Libertarian Party), and Ibrahim Taher (Pacific Green Party of Oregon). The election was thought to be a easy win for the Democrats but the election got a lot of news when Jo Rae Perkins said she agreed with the conspiracy theory group, QAnon. Jeff Merkley won the election and was the senator for the third time.
There was two primary elections for the Democrat and Republican parties. Jeff Merkey was the only one in the Democratic primary and there were four people in the Republican Party primary. Jo Rae Perkins won the Republican primary election.
Democratic Party primary
Republican Party primary
Results
References
2020 United States Senate elections
Oregon
Grand Turk Island

Grand Turk Island is an island in the Turks and Caicos archipelago, in the Atlantic Ocean. It is a British territory. It has salt ponds and windmills from when people made sea salt on the island. There is a Grand Turk Lighthouse on the north side of the island. Horses and donkeys live on the island.
The government of Grand Turk Island is in Cockburn Town. Today, the largest industry on the island is seafood.
References
Geography of the Turks and Caicos Islands
Islands of the United Kingdom
The Bronx (band)

The Bronx is an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California. It was created in 2002. The band's current line-up is vocalist Matt Caughthran, guitarists Joby J. Ford and Ken Horne, bass guitarist Brad Magers, and drummer Joey Castillo. The band have released five studio albums. They have also also released three more albums of mariachi music under the moniker of Mariachi El Bronx.
The original group of The Bronx consisted of Caughthran, Ford, bassist James Tweedy, and drummer Jorma Vik.
References
Other websites
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Cupid at the Circus

Cupid at the Circus is a 1910 American silent drama movie. It stars Frank H. Crane and Anna Rosemond.
References
American movies
1910 movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Play therapy

Play therapy is a kind of therapy counseling with playing activities which makes children overcome their psychological difficulties by themselves and helps them to achieve optimum level of development. Young children are usually hard to express their emotion, needs, and thoughts by language, but it can be possible through their play activities. So, play can be children's language to show their state. Also, they can release stress, and have self-confidence by playing freely what they want and getting good words from therapists.
For therapists, they should know about human development including child development. Also, they need to know to apply different kinds of playing activities for children. But, the most important thing is to have good relationship with the children.
There are many kinds of play therapy. There are psychoanalytic play therapy, children-based play therapy, filial play therapy, cognitive behavioral play therapy, developmental play therapy, Adlerian play therapy, sand play, and group play therapy. Those kinds of play therapy can be used successfully for the children between 4 and 6 years old.
Psychology
Therapy
Cyclone Bodil

Cyclone Bodil (also Cyclone Xaver) was a winter storm that affected Western Europe. This storm brought intense snowfall and strong wind to Sweden and the United Kingdom. Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Denmark and Poland also suffered from strong winds and downpours. Several people died. Most of them in Sweden.
References
2013 in the United Kingdom
2013 in Europe
2013 in weather
2013 in Sweden
2010s in Belgium
2013 in Germany
2010s in the Netherlands
2010s in Denmark
21st century in Poland
Kollam district

Kollam district (formerly Quilon) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). The district has many source of waterbodies. Kallada river is one among it and the east side land of river is EastKallada and the west side land is WestKallada. Kallada Boat race is one among the famous festival events of district. Even though it is a competition between two land sides of river many boat clubs from various places even beyond the district use to participate in the event. Kollam is the capital of Kerala's cashew industry. Plains, mountains, lakes, lagoons and backwaters, forests, farmland and rivers make up the topography of the district. The area had trading relationships with Phoenicia and Ancient Rome.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census Kollam district has a population of 2,629,703, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 155th in India (out of a total of 640 districts). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 1.72 percent. Kollam has a sex ratio of 1113 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 93.77 percent.
In 2001 Indian Census Muslim population is 4,74,071 (18.34%), Hindu 16,85,044 (65.18%), and Christian 4,23,745 (16.39%).
References
Other websites
Official website
Official tourism website
Yorktown class aircraft carrier

The Yorktown class was a class of 3 american aircraft carriers built for the US Navy. They were USS Yorktown, USS Enterprise, and USS Hornet. The first ship was commissioned in 1937 and the last ship was commissioned in 1942. They saw service during World War 2 at the Battles of Coral Sea, Midway, Santa Cruz, Philippine Sea, and Leyte Gulf, among others. 2, USS Yorktown and Hornet, were sunk.
Design
The Yorktown class were designed from the Lexington class aircraft carriers, which were built before the Yorktown class. Under the Washington Naval Treaty, naval size was greatly limited. This led to the scrapping of many ships. Some ships that were not completed yet were changed into aircraft carriers, and these included the Lexington class. The Yorktown class was built from the start as a carrier, which had some good sides. Early designs called for no island. However, the drawbacks from having no island were known, and the designs were switched.
In 1937, the Washington Naval Treaty was put out of use, and the US began building more carriers. A third member of the class, USS Hornet, was built. This also allowed the Essex class carriers to be built.
Combat History
During the Pearl Harbor attack, Enterprise was at sea. It later helped in the first battles of the war. Yorktown arrived in the Pacific ocean on December 16th, and later joined Enterprise. Yorktown later fought in the Battle of Coral Sea, and with USS Lexington, sank the japanese carrier Shoho.
Battle of Midway
On July 4th, one of the most important battles of the Pacific campaign of WW2 began. In the Battle of Midway, Yorktown, Enterprise, and Hornet fought against 4 IJN carriers: the Akagi, the Kaga, the Soryu, and the Hiryu. Over the next 3 days, the US sank all of them. At the end of the battle, Yorktown was sunk by a Japanese submarine.
1943-1945
The next year, Hornet was sunk in an air attack at the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, leaving Enterprise the only allied carrier in the entire Pacific theater. After being upgraded and repaired, she joined the new Essex class carriers in the Pacific Campaign. She fought at the battles of the Philippine Sea and Leyte Gulf. Finally, a Kamikaze attack in May 1945 damaged it, requiring repairs until the end of the war. It helped in bringing soldiers back to the US. Not needed after the war, Enterprise was put into the reserve fleet. After efforts to make it into a museum ship failed, she was scrapped. In total, the class won 27 Battle Stars.
Gallery
References
Military of the United States
Ise, Mie

is a city located in central Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshu, Japan. It was previously called Ujiyamada. The city is famous for the Ise Grand Shrine, which is considered the most sacred Shinto shrine in Japan. Ise has a long-standing title of Shinto (Shen Du ), which means "the Holy City" and "the Capital of the Kami" in Japanese. , the city had an estimated population of 123,533 people living in 55,911 households, and a population density of 590 people per square kilometer. The total area of the city is 208.53 square kilometers.
Notes
References
Other websites
Ise City official website
Akafuku Mochi
Ise Grand Shrine official website]
Ise city guide from the Mie Guidebook] at Mie JETs
"A Day Tripper's Guide to Ise and Toba" by Zack Davisson, Japanzine
Rakuraku Ise Moude (Official Ise City travel information)
CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
Coordinates on Wikidata
Cities in Japan
Settlements in Mie Prefecture
Gjermund Eggen

Gjermund Eggen (5 June 1941 - 6 May 2019) was a Norwegian cross-country skier. He won three gold medals at the 1966 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. He was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1968. He competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics in the 30 km event, but finished only 34th. Eggen was born in Engerdal, Norway.
Eggen died in Elverum, Norway on 6 May 2019 at age 77.
References
Other websites
- click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file
- click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file
1941 births
2019 deaths
Norwegian skiers
Norwegian Olympians
Aurimont

Aurimont is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Related pages
Communes of the Gers department
References
Communes in Gers
Sublette County, Wyoming

Sublette County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 10,247 people lived there. Its county seat is Pinedale. The county was created on February 15, 1921.
Communities
Towns
Big Piney
Marbleton
Pinedale (county seat)
Census-designated places
Bondurant
Boulder
Cora
Daniel
Unincorporated community
Calpet
References
Other websites
Sublette County, Wyoming official website
20th-century establishments in Wyoming
1923 establishments in the United States
Wyoming counties
Operation Sentinelle

Operation Sentinelle is a counter-terrorism mission of the French army. It was put in place in January 2015 after the attacks against the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo and the supermarket Hyper Casher.
It was the President of the French Republic, Francois Hollande, who took the decision to create it and his successor Emmanuel Macron extended it.
All the units of the French army but also of the French Air Force and the French Navy participate in Operation Sentinelle. It results in a massive presence of French soldiers in the streets, public places and public transport, in reinforcement of the police and the gendarmerie.
Their function is to provide surveillance and dissemination of jihadist threats.
National security
Military of France
Leland, North Carolina

Leland is a town in Brunswick County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 13,527 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Myrtle Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area.
References
Towns in North Carolina
Reg Grundy

Reginald Roy "Reg" Grundy (4 August 1923 - 6 May 2016) was an Australian entrepreneur, and media and television mogul. He was one of the pioneers and most successful television businessman in Australia. He was born in Sydney.
He was also the creator of many TV hits starting with game shows like Wheel of Fortune and Blankety Blanks and later soap operas Neighbours, Prisoner, Sons and Daughters and The Young Doctors.
Grundy died at his home in Bermuda on 6 May 2016, aged 92.
References
1923 births
2016 deaths
Television producers
Australian businesspeople
People from Sydney
Gateshead

Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Gateshead town centre and Newcastle city centre are very close to one another, and together they form the urban core of Tyneside. Gateshead is the main settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead.
References
Masanobu Izumi

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Izumi was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on April 8, 1944. After graduating from Meiji University, he joined Japanese Regional Leagues club Toyota Motors in 1967. The club was promoted to Japan Soccer League Division 1 in 1972 and Division 2 in 1973. He retired in 1976.
On March 25, 1965, when Izumi was a Meiji University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Singapore and Japan won the match. However, after graduating from university in 1967, he was not selected Japan because he joined a club which playing in Japanese Regional Leagues.
After retirement, Izumi became a manager for Toyota Motors. He managed 1 season in 1987-88, but the club finished at the bottom place and was relegated Division 2.
Statistics
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References
Other websites
1944 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Nagoya Grampus players
Ulrica Persson

Ulrica Persson, born 7 March 1975, is a Swedish cross-country skier. She won the women's main competition of Vasaloppet in the years of 2001 and 2003. She also won Tjejvasan in 2003.
References
References
Other websites
FIS
1975 births
Living people
Swedish skiers
Frederick Jelinek

Frederick Jelinek (18 November 1932 - 14 September 2010) was a Czech-American researcher. His works focused in information theory, automatic speech recognition, and natural language processing. He was well known for his quote, "Every time I fire a linguist, the performance of the speech recognizer goes up".
Jelinek taught for 10 years at Cornell University before being offered a job at IBM Research. In 1961, he married Czech screenwriter Milena Jelinek. After IBM, he went to head the Center for Language and Speech Processing at Johns Hopkins University for 17 years.
Jelinek died of a heart attack in Baltimore, Maryland on 14 September 2010 at the age of 77.
References
1932 births
2010 deaths
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Cornell University faculty
Czech scientists
Writers from Prague
Scientists from Baltimore
Writers from Baltimore
Groises

Groises is a commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Cher department in central France. In 2019, 133 people lived there.
References
Communes in Cher
Agde

Agde is a commune of 29,090 people (2018). It is in Occitanie in the Herault department in south France.
Communes in Herault
Remora

The remora, sometimes called the suckerfish or sharksucker, is any of a family (Echeneidae) of ray-finned fish in the order Carangiformes. They are small fish that live on and around sharks. They eat stray bits of food left by the shark and tiny shrimp-like parasites that live on the shark's skin. They have sucker-like disks on their heads with which they attach to the shark.
Both the shark and the remora benefit from the pairing, but the remore benefits much more; this is commensalism. Remora are also known as sucker fish or shark sucker.
References
Teleosts
Craftsman architecture

Craftsman was a style of architecture in the United States in the early 20th century. It is called that because Gustav Stickley, a craftsman furniture maker, had a magazine called The Craftsman. The movement was part of the Arts and Crafts movement that started in England in the late 19th century. It wanted a "simpler way of life" that was not like American and English industrialized society. Architects such as Greene and Greene designed Craftsman homes such as the Gamble House. These houses were well-made, but did not have a lot of ornamentation. Often they played off of natural themes. A smaller version of the craftsman home was the bungalow. By the 1910s, Craftsman bungalows were being built in large numbers in and around American cities. Besides America and England, there was a lot of Craftsman architecture in Japan.
Architectural styles
Polytonality

Polytonality is the use in music of several keys at the same time. Music such as this is called polytonal.
Bitonality is the use in music of two keys at the same time. Music such as this is called bitonal.
Most traditional music is "in a particular key" e.g. in "C major" or in "D major" or in "D minor". Music that is in C major uses the notes of a C major scale.
In 20th century some composers sometimes wrote music which is in more than one key at once. A well-known example is the beginning of the second tableau of Igor Stravinsky's ballet, Petrushka. The first clarinet plays a melody that uses the notes of the C major chord, while the second clarinet plays a different version of the same melody using the notes of the F sharp major chord.
Composers who have used bitonality or polytonality include Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, Bela Bartok, Charles Ives and many others.
Music theory
Odinani

Odinani is the traditional religion of the Igbo people of southern Nigeria. Odinani has monotheistic and panentheistic ideas. It has one God as the source of all things.
References
Religions
Nigerian culture
Communes of the Aube department

There are 433 communes in the Aube departement in France.
(CAT) Communaute d'agglomeration Troyenne, created in 2000.
Aube
University of Nevada, Reno

The University of Nevada, Reno (Nevada, the University of Nevada, or UNR) is a public research university in Reno, Nevada. It was founded on October 12, 1874 in Elko, Nevada. It is a land grant institution in the state of Nevada.
It is home to the state's first medical school.
According to the National Science Foundation, UNR spent $144 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 139th in the nation.
References
19th-century establishments in Nevada
1874 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in the United States
Buildings and structures in Nevada
Organizations based in Nevada
2017 South Korean presidential election

The 19th South Korean presidential election was held on 9 May 2017. The election was called after the impeachment and dismissal of President Park Geun-hye. The election was held in a single round on a first-past-the-post basis.
The election was originally scheduled to be held on 20 December 2017, but was moved earlier after the decision of the Constitutional Court on 10 March 2017 to uphold the parliament's impeachment of Park Geun-hye.
Opinion polling before April showed the Democratic Party's candidate, Moon Jae-in, runner-up in the 2012 election, as the front-runner and would later go on to win the election.
Candidates
Polling
Results
Notes
References
May 2017 events
2017 in South Korea
2017 elections
2010s elections in Asia
Presidential elections
Fred Yates

Frederick Joseph Yates (25 July 1922 - 7 July 2008) was an English artist. He was born in Urmston, His work was very much in the style of the late L. S. Lowry. Yates lived and worked all over England but in later years he was based in France.
References
1922 births
2008 deaths
English painters
People from Lancashire
Communes of the Oise department

The following is a list of the 693 communes of the Oise departement, in France.
(CAB) Communaute d'agglomeration of Beauvaisis, created in 2004.
Oise
Compsognathus

Compsognathus was a small carnivorous theropod dinosaur, from the end of the Jurassic period, around 144 million years ago. It was about a metre long, and ran on two legs, using its long tail to keep its balance.
Compsognathus is known from two nearly complete specimens, one from Germany (89 cm 35 in long), and another from France (125 cm 49 in long). The German specimen was found in the Solnhofen limestone in Bavaria, over 150 years ago.
The larger French specimen (MNHN CNJ 79) was discovered in 1972 in the Portland limestone, near Nice in southeastern France. Although originally described as a separate species called Compsognathus corallestris, others have since renamed it as another example of Compsognathus longipes.
It is one of the few dinosaurs whose diet is known with certainty: the remains of small, agile lizards are preserved in the bellies of both specimens. Also it was once the smallest dino on earth but now that belongs to the Micropachycephalosaurus
Historical importance
Thomas Henry Huxley ("Darwin's bulldog"), who was a comparative anatomist, made a study of it nearly 150 years ago. He compared the first fossil bird, Archaeopteryx, with Compsognathus. These two fossils were found in the same rocks: Solnhofen limestone in Bavaria, Germany. The strata come from the end of the Jurassic, about 144 million years ago. Huxley showed that the two were almost identical, except for the front limbs and feathers of Archaeopteryx. He showed the basic affinity of birds and reptiles, which he united them under the title of Sauropsida. Huxley concluded that birds evolved from small carnivorous dinosaurs.
Diet
The remains of a lizard in the German specimen's thoracic cavity show that Compsognathus preyed on small vertebrates. Marsh, who examined the specimen in 1881, thought that this small skeleton inside Compsognathus belly was an embryo, but in 1903, Franz Nopcsa concluded that it was a lizard. Ostrom identified the remains as belonging to a lizard of the genus Bavarisaurus, which he concluded was a fast and agile runner owing to its long tail and limb proportions. This in turn led to the conclusion that its predators, Compsognathus, must have had sharp vision and the ability to rapidly accelerate and outrun the lizard. The Bavarisaurus is in a single piece, indicating that the Compsognathus must have swallowed its prey whole. The French specimen's gastric contents consist of unidentified lizards or sphenodontids.
Size
Compsognathus was once thought to be the smallest dinosaur. However, if we assume the smaller specimen was a juvenile, then there are other slightly smaller species. The smallest dinosaur is probably Anchiornis; other candidates are: Micropachycephalosaurus; Caenagnathasia; Microraptor; and Parvicursor.
References
Coelurosaurs
Nuno Gomes Nabiam

Nuno Gomes Nabiam (born 17 November 1966) is a Bissau-Guinean politician. In February 2020, he was elected as the Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau since 28 February 2020 to 9 August 2023.
On 29 April 2020, he and three ministers tested positive for COVID-19.
References
1966 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau
Current national leaders
Jeanne Moreau

Jeanne Moreau (23 January 1928 - 31 July 2017) was a French actress particularly associated with the French "new wave" cinema.
Life and career
Moreau was born in Paris, France, the daughter of an English mother, a dancer at the Folies Bergeres, and a French father, a restaurateur. She studied at the Conservatoire de Paris.
She began her career as a stage actress and joined the celebrated "Comedie-Francaise" in 1948, aged only 20, one the youngest ever member of the company. During the same time, she was in small roles in movies.
She got her first major break when she met French director Louis Malle. He cast her in his movies L'ascenceur pour l'echafaud (1957) and Les amants (1958), which established her as a movie star in France. She also appeared in Roger Vadim's Les liaisons dangereuses (1959) and Peter Brooks's Moderato cantabile (1960), but it is with Francois Truffaut's iconic movie Jules et Jim (1961) that she became an international star.
She then went on to work with directors such as Michelangelo Antonioni (La Notte), Orson Welles (Le proces), Luis Bunuel (The Diary of a Chambermaid), etc. In the 1970s, she attempted directing with Lumieres (1976) and L'adolescente (1979) with mixed success.
Moreau received many awards for best actress, including a Cesar Award, a BAFTA, a prix d'interpretation at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1996 she received a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award.
Moreau died on 31 July 2017 in Paris at the age of 89.
Sources
The Illustrated Who's Who of the Cinema, Lloyd, Weber & Dessler, Portland House, 1987.
Other websites
1928 births
2017 deaths
French movie actors
French movie directors
French movie producers
French screenwriters
French television actors
Actors from Paris