pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wrongful conviction

Miscarriage of justice is when a lawsuit ends with a result that is unfair, or wrong. One example of this is when a person is found guilty of a crime they did not commit. Miscarriages of justice are also known as wrongful convictions. People have spent years in prison, before the error was found. The sentence can be overturned, if there's new evidence, that was not known at the time of the trial. Trials have to follow a given schema. If the t is found that police or prosecutor committed some kind of misconduct at the original trial, the sentence may also be overturned ("undone").
Things that contribute to a wrongful conviction
The following can contribute to a wrongful conviction:
Eyewitness accounts are unreliable. They are responsible for up to 70% of the wrongful convictions. Studies have shown that the way police lineups are done can change an eyewitness's memory of the suspect and this often leads to misidentification. Witnesses also have considerable difficulty making accurate identifications with suspects from different ethnic groups such that "the rate of mistaken identification is significantly higher than most people tend to believe". Elizabeth Loftus, a leading researcher in the field, says memory is so unreliable "the end result can be a highly confident witness testifying in a persuasive manner at trial about a detail that is completely false".
Pieces of evidence may be contaninated, while they are packaged or transported. Contamination can be introduced unintentionally by material that was not present when the crime was committed by anyone entering the crime scene after the event - by uninvolved witnesses who may become suspects, and by emergency responders, fire fighters, police officers and crime scene investigators themselves. If proper protocols are not followed, evidence can also be contaminated when it is being analyzed or stored. A miscarriage of justice can occur when procedures to prevent contamination are not carried out carefully and accurately.
There may be errors, when analyzing forensic evidence.
There may be false confessions. The Innocence Project found false confessions contribute to approximately 25% of wrongful convictions in murder and rape cases. Certain suspects are more vulnerable to making a false confession under police pressure. This includes individuals who are intellectually impaired, and those who suffer from mental illness. Saul Kassin, a leading expert on false confessions, says that young people are also particularly vulnerable to confessing, especially when stressed, tired, or traumatized.
References
Criminal justice
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport

Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport , is a major airport in the United States. It is in the Detroit area and serves all the city. It is one of the busiest airports in the United States and gets many passengers. It has many international and domestic destinations. It is one of Delta Airlines biggest airport hubs after Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta. It is also a hub of Spirit Airlines. Its many destinations include cities in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.
References
Airports in the United States
Buildings and structures in Detroit
Alushta

Alushta (; ) is a resort town in Crimea, Ukraine. It is on the Black Sea. In 2014, 29,078 people lived there.
Other websites
Cities in Crimea
Port cities and towns of the Black Sea
Inbreeding

Inbreeding is a term in genetics, meaning the crossing (mating) of closely related animals or plants. Self-fertilisation in plants is the most extreme kind of inbreeding. It is quite widespread in plants which carry both male and female flowers on the same plant. Inbreeding is the opposite of outcrossing, which is the mating of unrelated members of the same species. The combination of inbreeding and outcrossing is a standard method of artificial selection.
Other terms are inbred strain, a group of organisms so inbred that they have little or no genetic variation, and inbreeding depression, which is the decreased fitness (usually lack of fertility and early illness and death) brought about by inbreeding.
For human beings, inbreeding is destructive, and almost all cultures have an incest taboo. For example, many prohibit marriage between first cousins, and most prohibit it for closer family members.
Loss of genetic variation
Loss of genetic variation means that many gene loci that were heterozygous are now homozygous. The result of both genes at a locus being mutant can be serious.
The most intense form of inbreeding is the self-fertilisation in an hermaphrodite, in which the proportion of heterozygotes is halved in each generation.p139 Aa x Aa (100%) gives 1 AA: 2 Aa; 1 aa (50%), and so on. A similar effect takes twice as long with brother-sister mating, and longer still with mating in very small isolated groups. The latter situation is famous because Sewall Wright did his calculations for just such groups, and he called the process genetic drift. Genetic drift and inbreeding are closely related concepts.
The degree of inbreeding can be measured in various ways. A simple test for mammals is the exchange of skin grafts. If the grafts are not rejected, the animals must be nearly identical genetically. Skin grafts can be successfully exchanged between rats in standard laboratory strains, and between cheetahs caught in the wild.
Discussion
Why is it that inbreeding brings about a loss of viability? There are two answers, and both seem to be true. The first is that a group with little genetic variation is vulnerable to environmental challenges: infections, sudden climate events, predators. Small groups are vulnerable to chance events in any case, but with no heritable variability they are even more vulnerable.
The second explanation is genetic. Some of the homozygous genes will be deleterious recessives which would normally be shielded by a dominant allele. Also, there are some loci where the heterozygote is inherently fitter than either homozygote. If so, inbreeding will automatically cause a loss of vigour.p103
Many plant species do self-pollination in the wild, but the great majority have occasional outcrossing. This provides them with sufficient variety for their survival.
References
Classical genetics
East Hope, Idaho

East Hope is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
Wayne's World

Wayne's World is a 1992 American comedy movie from Paramount Pictures, starring Mike Myers and Dana Carvey. It is based on a segment of the same name from television's Saturday Night Live. It made more money than any other movie based on a SNL segment.
References
Other websites
1992 movies
1992 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Cult movies
Movies based on TV series
Movies set in Illinois
Self-reflexive movies
Screenplays by Mike Myers
Multilingual movies
Movies directed by Penelope Spheeris
President of Iran

The President of Iran is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The president is chosen by direct popular vote, that is the voters choose the president, they do not vote for other people to choose as in the USA. Unlike other countries, in Iran, the President is not the leader of the country. The President does many of the things that are normally done by a head of state but the Supreme Leader is the person who is actually in control of the country. The current President of Iran is Ebrahim Raisi.
List of presidents of Iran
Abolhassan Banisadr
Mohammad Ali Rajai
Ali Khamenei
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Mohammad Khatami
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Hassan Rouhani
Ebrahim Raisi
References
Other websites
The President's Office
Iran Electoral Archive - President
Iran, President of
Analysis

Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.
The word comes from the Ancient Greek analusis (analusis, "a breaking up", from ana- "up, throughout" and lysis "a loosening").
In this context, Analysis is the opposite of synthesis, which is to bring ideas together.
The following concepts are closely related to this basic idea:
Mathematical analysis is the name given to any branch of mathematics that looks at what functions are, how they behave, and what things can be done with them.
Analytical chemistry looks at the qualities of substances, and their composition.
Some definitions
The process of breaking up a concept, proposition, or fact into its simple or ultimate constituents. Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. 2nd ed, 1999, ed. Robert Audi.
Resolution into simpler elements by analysing. 2. (Maths) Use of algebra and calculus in problem-solving. Concise Oxford Dictionary. 1976, ed. J.B. Sykes.
The isolation of what is more elementary from what is more complex by whatever method. Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology. 1925, ed. James Mark Baldwin, Vol. I
The original Greek sense [was] a 'loosening up' or 'releasing'. Geometry assumes a proposition to be true and searches for another known truth from which the proposition may be deduced. Physical science resolves complex wholes into their elements. A Kant Dictionary, 1995, by Howard Caygill.
The process of breaking a concept down into more simple parts, so that its logical structure is displayed. Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. 1996, Simon Blackburn
Philosophical analysis is a method of inquiry in which one seeks to assess complex systems of thought by 'analysing' them into simpler elements whose relationships are thereby brought into focus. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 1998, entry under 'Conceptual Analysis' by Robert Hanna
References
Philosophy
Research methods
Conty

Conty is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Tokyo Verdy

is a Japanese professional football club in Tokyo.
History
The club was founded in 1969.
1969-1992 Yomiuri SC
1992-2000 Verdy Kawasaki
2001-2007 Tokyo Verdy 1969
2008-present Tokyo Verdy
Players
In 2010, the team included
League title
Japan Soccer League Division 1 : 5
1983, 1984, 1986/87, 1990/91, 1991/92
Japan Soccer League Division 2 : 2
1974, 1977
J1 League : 2
1993, 1994
League position
2011 : J2 League - 5th
2012 : J2 League - 7th
2013 : J2 League - 13th
2014 : J2 League - 20th
2015 : J2 League - 8th
2016 : J2 League - 18th
2017 : J2 League - 5th
2018 : J2 League - 6th
2019 : J2 League - 13th
2020 : J2 League - 12th
Former position
Reserve team
Yomiuri S.C. had reserve team ; Yomiuri S.C. Juniors from 1980 to 1992.
Related pages
Sports in Japan
List of Japanese football teams
References
Other websites
Tokyo Verdy website
Japanese football clubs
Tokyo Prefecture
Tokyo
1969 establishments in Asia
1960s establishments in Japan
Walsdorf, Bavaria

Walsdorf is a community in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg and a member of the administrative community (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Stegaurach. It lies in the valley of the Aurach about ten kilometres west of Bamberg.
References
Further reading
Norbert Haas: Gestorben in Bamberg - Bestattet in Walsdorf; ein Beitrag zur judischen Geschichte
Other websites
Official website
Bamberg (district)
Pequot War

The Pequot War (1634-1638) was fought between the Pequot tribe and settlers of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies. The settlers were helped by Native American groups including the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes. Hundreds of people were killed, and hundreds more were sold as slaves in the West Indies. At the end of the war, about 700 Pequots had been killed or captured. The others were forced off their lands and into other areas.
References
17th century in Massachusetts
History of Native Americans
Wars involving North America
1630s
17th-century conflicts
Jimmy Wales Foundation

The Jimmy Wales Foundation is a non-profit organization started by Jimmy Wales to promote internet freedom. The organization was established with prize money from the "Knowledge Award", which was presented to Jimmy and Tim Berners-Lee at the first Knowledge Conference in Dubai.
The organization talks about individual human rights cases of real people who were persecuted. One of the people featured is Bassel Khartabil, formerly from Creative Commons Syria. Bassel was imprisoned in Syria in 2012, and disappeared completely a few years later. Bassel Khartabil has been killed in 2015. Another featured case is Roya Saberinejad, who went to visit her family in Iran, and never returned.
Goals
The purpose of the Jimmy Wales Foundation is to stop government censorship and promote freedom of expression on the internet.
The goals of the Jimmy Wales Foundation are to:
Research the problem of freedom of expression and provide public information about the international problem
Put political pressure on governments that control freedom of speech
Use technology to promote free speech in countries with restrictive governments
Pressure governments to make laws that promote freedom of expression
Help individual people who are in trouble with repressive governments that restrict free speech
Other websites
Jimmy Wales Foundation official website
Jimmy Wales Foundation on Twitter
Jimmy Wales Foundation on LinkedIn
References
International organizations
Human rights organisations in the United Kingdom
Imprisonment and detention
Internet-related organizations
Megumi Hayashibara

is a Japanese voice actress, singer, lyricist and radio personality from Kita ward in Tokyo. She is best known for her roles in Neon Genesis Evangelion, Love Hina, Saber Marionette J, Magical Princess Minky Momo, Mashin Hero Wataru, Ranma 1/2, Cowboy Bebop, Slayers, Detective Conan, Pokemon, All Purpose Cultural Catgirl Nuku Nuku, Video Girl Ai, and Shaman King.
Other websites
1967 births
Japanese voice actors
Living people
Trinity-Pawling School

Trinity-Pawling School is an all-boys private boarding high school. It is in Pawling, New York. Trinity-Pawling was started in 1907, by Frederick Luther Gamage. The cost to attend is $51,000 a year.
References
High schools in New York (state)
1907 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in New York (state)
Niederhünigen

Niederhunigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Bern
Merrie Melodies

Merrie Melodies is the name of a series of animated cartoons distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures between 1931 and 1969. The sister series to Warner's Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies were originally one-shot musical cartoon shorts before gradually featuring recurring characters.
By 1944, no distinctions existed between the two series.
Originally produced by Harman-Ising Pictures, Merrie Melodies were produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions from 1933 to 1944. Schlesinger sold his studio to Warner Bros. in 1944, and the newly renamed Warner Bros. Cartoons continued production until 1963, What's Up Doc? (1950)
Other websites
The Big Cartoon Database entry for Merrie Melodies
Animated movies
1931 establishments
1969 disestablishments
Vailly, Aube

Vailly is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
Communes in Aube
William Joseph Burns

William Joseph Burns (born April 11, 1956) is an American politician. Burns is the 8th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency since March 19, 2021 during the Joe Biden administration. He was President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He was United States Deputy Secretary of State from 2011 to 2014.
He was Ambassador of the United States to Jordan from 1998 to 2001, Assistant Secretary of State for Near East Affairs from 2001 to 2005, Ambassador of the United States to the Russian Federation from 2005 to 2008, and Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 2008 to 2011.
On January 11, 2021, President-elect Joe Biden nominated him to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. On March 18, 2021 the United States Senate confirmed his nomination.
In July 2023, Biden elevated Burns to a position in his cabinet, a largely symbolic action.
References
Other websites
United States Embassy in Moscow: Biography of the Ambassador
1956 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Russia
Politicians from North Carolina
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
Kansai Airport Station

Kansai Airport Station (Guan Xi Kong Gang Yi , kansaikuukoueki) is a railway station of Nankai Electric Railway and West Japan Railway Company (JR West) in Tajiri, Sennan District, Osaka, Japan.
This is the nearest station to Kansai International Airport.
Adjacent stations
Nankai Electric Railway
Nankai Airport Line
Airport Limited Express "Rapi:t" Airport ExpressLocal
Rinku Town (NK31) - Kansai Airport (NK32)
Kansai Airport Line
Kansai Airport Rapid ServiceDirect Rapid ServiceLocal (shuttle trains)
Rinku Town - Kansai Airport
Related pages
Kansai Airport Station - Nankai Electric Railway
Kansai Airport Station - JR West
Railway stations in Osaka Prefecture
Little Falls, Minnesota

Little Falls is a city in Morrison County, Minnesota, United States. It is the county seat of Morrison County. The population was 8,343 at the 2010 census. Little Falls was the boyhood home of noted aviator Charles Lindbergh.
References
Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
Second Punic War

The Second Punic War was a conflict that was fought from 218 to 201 BC between the Roman Republic and Carthage. Most of Carthaginian forces were led by Hannibal Barca. He scared the Romans by invading them over the mountains from Hispania with war elephants. He won the Battle of the Trebia and kept winning battles by being a good general. In the Battle of Cannae, he destroyed with his small army the largest army that the Romans had ever used.
The Romans then avoided fighting Hannibal and concentrated on defeating his allies. That became known as the Fabian strategy. Each side had many allies. However, most of Rome's allies stayed loyal, but Carthage's allies switched sides.
Hannibal did well but eventually had to leave and to return to defend Carthage. In North Africa, Scipio Africanus won the Battle of Zama, which cemented Rome's victory over Carthage.
The Second Punic War ruined the power of Carthage. Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean for the next 600 years.
Punic Wars
3rd century BC
Wars and battles of Ancient Rome
Assis (disambiguation)

Assis is a city and a municipality in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Assis may also refer to:
People
Assis (footballer, born 1943), Brazilian footballer Francisco de Assis Luz Silva
Assis (footballer, born 1952), Brazilian footballer Benedito de Assis da Silva
Assis (footballer, born 1971), Brazilian footballer Roberto de Assis Moreira
Claudio Assis, Brazilian filmmaker
Diego Assis (disambiguation), Brazilian football players
Eder Aleixo de Assis, a former Brazilian footballer
Francisco Assis, a Portuguese politician
Fulvio de Assis, Brazilian professional basketball player
Joao Assis (born 1983), Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner
Machado de Assis, a Brazilian writer
Maicon Assis, Brazilian footballer
Nuno Assis, a Portuguese footballer
Raymundo Damasceno Assis, Brazilian Roman Catholic cardinal, former Archbishop of Aparecida (2004-2016)
Zeze Assis (1962-2007), Angolan basketball player
Other uses
Assisi (), Italy, the birthplace of Saint Francis of Assisi
Premio Machado de Assis, a Brazilian literary prize
Related pages
Assisi (disambiguation)
Collin Williams

Collin Ray Williams (1 November 1961 - 24 April 2022) was a Zimbabwean cricketer who played five first class matches and one list A cricket match for Matabeleland. He also coached Zimbabwe hockey team. He was the father of Zimbabwean cricketer Sean Williams. He was born in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
Williams died on 24 April 2022 in Bulawayo at the age of 60.
References
Other websites
1961 births
2022 deaths
Zimbabwean cricketers
Romeo Santos

Anthony "Romeo" Santos (born July 21, 1981) is an American singer. Romeo was the lead singer of the bachata group Aventura. As part of Aventura, Romeo became an important figure for making Bachata music popular. His songs were on the top of the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks charts and the top of music charts in Europe. In 2002, the band's song "Obsesion" was at number one in Italy for 16 weeks.
Romeo was born in The Bronx, New York. His father is Dominican while his mother is Puerto Rican. When he was 12 years old, Romeo was a member of the church choir. On May 9, 2011, Romeo released his lead single "You" from his first album. The song debuted at number one on the Hot Latin Tracks and Tropical Songs chart. The second single, "Promise" a duet with Usher, reached number one on both charts as well.
Discography
Studio albums
2011: Formula, Vol. 1
2012: The King Stays King: Sold Out at Madison Square Garden
2014: Formula, Vol. 2
2017: Golden
2019: Utopia
Singles
References
Books
Rosen, Jody. "Crossover Dreams of a Bronx Bachatero". New York Times. Arts:Music. June 3, 2009
Symkus, Ed. "Listen to the Tale of Aventura". The Edge. The Boston Herald.com December 1, 2009
Singers from New York City
American R&B singers
Reggaeton
1981 births
Living people
Julie Kozun

Julie Kozun (born 23 December 1999) is a Canadian sitting volleyball player (VS1 sitting volleyball classification). She is a member of the Canada women's national sitting volleyball team and her club Melfort Storm Volleyball Club.
Life
When she was six years old she broke her right femur in a tobogganing accident. She played volleyball while at school with Melfort Storm in Saskatchewan. In 2015 when she was 15 years old, she had a lawnmower accident, that resulted in a left leg amputation below the knee.
She started playing with the national team in early 2017. She played at the 2018 World Championship in the Netherlands finishing 7th. With the national team she placed 4th at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
Kozun is ambassador for Canadian non-profit organisation "The War Amps", supporting people with limb deficiencies. She was awarded the Certificate of Appreciation by the mayor of Melfort in 2018.
Kozun studies Agricultural Studies at the University of Saskatchewan.
References
1999 births
Canadian sitting volleyball players
Living people
Yuji Sakakura

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Sakakura was educated at and played for Yokkaichi Chuo Technical High School and Juntendo University. After finishing the university, he joined Japan Soccer League side Furuawa Electric (later JEF United Ichihara). In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and the club joined new league, J1 League. He moved to Nagoya Grampus Eight in 1995, then Japan Football League side Brummell Sendai in 1996. He finished his playing career in 1998 at his home town club Mind House TC, a Regional Leagues side, after playing for them for one season.
On July 27, 1990, Sakakura debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea. He was selected Japan for 1990 Asian Games and played 2 matches. He played 6 games for Japan until 1991. He was also a member of the Japan which won the 1992 Asian Cup, but did not play in the tournament.
After the retirement, Sakakura started coaching career at new club Yokohama FC in 1999. He served as an assistant coach. He also managed the club as caretaker in 2001. In 2005, he moved to Kyoto Purple Sanga (later Kyoto Sanga FC) and served as a manager for the youth team. In 2008, he moved to Tochigi SC. He mainly served as assistant coach for top team. In 2014, he was promoted to a manager. He resigned in July 2015. In 2016, he signed with Shimizu S-Pulse and served as a assistant coach. In 2018, he moved to AC Nagano Parceiro and served as a assistant coach. In June, he became a manager and managed the club until end of 2018 season.
Statistics
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||20||0||||||5||0||25||0
|-
|1991/92||12||1||||||1||0||13||1
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="3"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||||||9||0||9||0
|-
|1993||25||0||0||0||0||0||25||0
|-
|1994||8||0||0||0||2||0||10||0
|-
|1995||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J1 League||18||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Brummell Sendai||rowspan="2"|Football League||26||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||0
|-
|1997||26||0||2||0||5||0||33||0
135||1||5||0||22||0||162||1
135||1||5||0||22||0||162||1
|}
|-
|1990||5||0
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
!Total||6||0
|}
References
Other websites
1967 births
Living people
Footballers from Mie Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japanese football managers
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
JEF United Chiba players
Nagoya Grampus players
Vegalta Sendai players
1988 AFC Asian Cup players
1992 AFC Asian Cup players
AFC Asian Cup-winning players
Yokohama FC managers
Rob Morgan (actor)

Rob Morgan (born February 24, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Turk Barrett in all six of Marvel's Netflix television series and Hap Jackson in Mudbound. He also played Officer Powell in Stranger Things and Herbert Richardson in Just Mercy.
References
1973 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Enya

Enya (born Eithne Patricia Ni Bhraonain on 17 May 1961 in Gweedore, County Donegal, Ireland) is an Irish singer. She is famous for hits such as Orinoco Flow (1988) and Anywhere Is (1995).
She has also won four Grammy Awards and has become one of the world's most successful female singers. Her vocal range is mezzo-soprano.
She grew up speaking the Irish language, and did not speak English until she attended primary school.
Her first works were soundtracks for The Frog Prince movie by David Puttman and The Celts documentary by BBC.
Enya is very popular and has sold more than 75 million albums worldwide. Her best selling album is A Day Without Rain (2000).
Albums
Enya has recorded the following albums:
Enya (1987)
Watermark (1988)
Shepherd Moons (1991)
The Celts (1992)
The Memory of Trees (1995)
Paint the Sky With Stars (1997)
A Day Without Rain (2000)
Amarantine (2005)
And Winter Came (2008)
Dark Sky Island (2015)
She has also recorded music for the following movie soundtracks:
The Frog Prince (1985)
The Celts (1987)
Far And Away (1992)
Toys (1992)
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
Related pages
Clannad
References
1961 births
Living people
Grammy Award winners
Irish singers
Mezzo-sopranos
New Age music
People from County Donegal
You Can Do Magic (song)

"You Can Do Magic" is a song by Russ Ballard. It is from 1982. It was recorded by the folk rock band America. It was on their album View from the Ground.
References
1982 songs
America (band) songs
Soft rock songs
Pop rock songs
Armand de Las Cuevas

Armand de Las Cuevas (26 June 1968 - 2 August 2018) was a French racing cyclist. He was born in Troyes, France. He won races such as the Criterium du Dauphine Libere and the Clasica de San Sebastian. He was thought to have been one of the best time-trialists of the early 1990s, having won many prologues and individual time trials.
De Las Cuevas retired to Reunion in 1999, where he founded a cycling school. He killed himself in Reunion on 2 August 2018, aged 50.
References
1968 births
2018 deaths
Suicides in France
French cyclists
George P. Bush

George Prescott Bush (born April 24, 1976) is an American attorney, United States Navy Reserve officer, real estate investor and politician. He serves as the Commissioner of the Texas Land General Office. He is the oldest child of Florida Governor Jeb Bush. He is also the grandson of former President George H.W. Bush and the nephew of former President George W. Bush.
Bush was born in Houston, Texas.
References
Politicians from Texas
1976 births
Living people
Politicians from Houston
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Barnum Brown

Barnum Brown (February 12, 1873 - February 5, 1963), often called Mr. Bones, was an American field paleontologist. He discovered the first documented remains of Tyrannosaurus rex.<ref>Dingus L. & Norell M.A. 2010. Barnum Brown: the man who discovered Tyrannosaurus rex. </ref> His career that made him one of the most famous fossil hunters working in the late Victorian era and the early 20th century.
He was sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). He was Henry Fairfield Osborn's man in the field. Brown worked the country, bargaining and trading for fossils. Often, he simply sent money to have fossils shipped to the AMNH.
After working a handful of years in Wyoming for AMNH in the late 1890s, Brown led an expedition to the Hell Creek Formation of Southeastern Montana. There, in 1902, he discovered and excavated the first documented remains of Tyrannosaurus rex''.
References
1873 births
1963 deaths
American paleontologists
American zoologists
Scientists from Kansas
Zoologists with author abbreviations
Dudh Kosi

Dudh Kosi (dudhkoshii ndii, Milk-Kosi River) is a river that flows from north to south in eastern Nepal. It is one of the rivers that joins to form Kosi River. The name 'Dudh Kosi' comes from Nepali word 'Dudh' which means milk, and 'kosi' which means river.
References
Rivers of Nepal
Miquel Crusafont i Pairó

Miquel Crusafont i Pairo (1910, Sabadell, Spain--1983) was a Catalan palaeontologist. He specialised in mammal bones.
Crusafont obtained a Degree in Pharmacy from the University of Barcelona in 1933. He got a degree in Natural Sciences from the University of Madrid in 1950.
In 1961, he was appointed Professor of Palaeontology at the University of Oviedo. He later became Professor of Anthropology at the Societatis Iesu (Barcelona).
In 1969, Crusafont founded the Provincial Palaeontology Institute. It has been known as the Miquel Crusafont Palaeontology Institute since 1983.
The prehistoric mammal Crusafontia was named for Crusafont.
Selected works
(1943, with Josep Fernandez de Villalta)
(1948, with Josep Fernandez de Villalta)
(1955, with Josep Fernandez de Villalta and Jaume Truyols)
(1957, with Jaume Truyols)
(1966, with Bermudo Melendez and Emiliano Aguirre)
References
Other websites
Information about the Miquel Crusafont Palaeontology Institute
Paleontologists
People from Sabadell
Spanish scientists
1910 births
1983 deaths
Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux, Vendée

Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Communes in Vendee
Pouilley-les-Vignes

Pouilley-les-Vignes is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Quilmes

Quilmes is a city in the Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. In 2001, 230,810 people lived there. It is south of Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina.
Cities in Argentina
Buenos Aires Province
Dulac, Louisiana

Dulac is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Census-designated places in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana
Vallejo, California

Vallejo ( or in English; in the original Spanish) is a city in Solano County, California, United States.
References
1851 establishments in California
Guarneri

Guarneri is the name of a family of famous violin makers from Cremona in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. Together with the families Amati and Stradivari they made some of the best violins the world has known.
Andrea Guarneri ( - 7 December 1698) was a pupil in the workshop of Nicolo Amati from 1641 to 1646 and returned to make violins for Amati from 1650 to 1654. He married a rich lady and they were able to buy a large house which became known as the "Casa Guarneri". They had seven children. Two of his sons: Pietro Giovanni and Giuseppe Giovanni, became violin makers. Andrea Guarneri produced some fine violas, one of which was played by William Primrose in the early 20th century.
Pietro Giovanni Guarneri (18 February 1655 - 26 March 1720), known as Peter of Mantua (Pietro da Mantova) to distinguish him from his nephew Pietro Guarneri. He worked in his father's workshop from around 1670 until his marriage in 1677. He had settled in Mantua by 1683, where he worked both as a musician and a violin maker. His instruments are generally better than his father's. However, he did not make so many instruments because he spent a lot of his time playing them. None of his children became violin makers. Joseph Szigeti played one of his instruments.
Andrea's younger son, Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Guarneri (25 November 1666 - 1739 or 1740), known as filius Andreae, joined his father's business in Cremona. He inherited it in 1698. He is one of the great violin makers.
Giuseppe Giovanni Battista was father to two other instrument makers: Pietro Guerneri who settled in Venice and Bartolomeo.
Pietro Guarneri (Peter of Venice or Pietro da Venezia) (14 April 1695 - 7 April 1762) made some instruments that are as great as those of his father. One of his cellos was played by Beatrice Harrison.
Bartolomeo Giuseppe Guarneri (del Gesu), also known as Joseph (21 August 1698 - 17 October 1744), has been called the finest violin maker of the Amati line (Amati and his pupils). Giuseppe is known as del Gesu because his labels always have the characters I.H.S. (iota-eta-sigma) and a Roman cross. His instruments are different from the others made by his family. They are thought of as the greatest violins with the exception of those by Stradivari. The famous violin virtuoso Niccolo Paganini's favorite instrument was a Guarneri del Gesu violin of 1743. The "Lord Wilton" Guarneri del Gesu violin made in 1742 was owned by Yehudi Menuhin and other Twentieth-century 'del Gesu' players have included, Arthur Grumiaux, Jascha Heifetz, Isaac Stern and Henryk Szeryng.
References
Grove Music Online
Other websites
Guarneri family web page, violins, violin labels
Guarneri web site
The Violin Site - Violin Making
Casa Guarneri Auctioneers of fine musical instruments
Luthiers
People from Cremona
Italian families
Leigh Bardugo

Leigh Bardugo (Hebrew: ly brdvgv) is an Israeli-American fantasy author.
Early life and education
Bardugo was born in Jerusalem, but raised in Los Angeles, California, United States. She holds bachelor degree in English language from YALE University.
Bibliography
The GrishaverseEdit
Shadow and Bone trilogyEdit
Shadow and Bone (2012)
Siege and Storm (2013)
Ruin and Rising (2014)
Six of Crows duologyEdit
Six of Crows (2015)
Crooked Kingdom (2016)
King of Scars duologyEdit
King of Scars (2019)
Rule of Wolves (2021)
Companion booksEdit
The Language of Thorns (2017)
The Lives of Saints (2020)
References
Israeli writers
Living people
Llin Golding, Baroness Golding

Llinos Golding, Baroness Golding (born 21 March 1933) is a Labour Party politician. She currently sits in the House of Lords. She is a radiographer and worked in the NHS and currently serves as Patron of the Society of Radiographers.
References
1933 births
Living people
Members of the House of Lords
Montclair, California

Montclair is a city in San Bernardino County, California.
Cities in California
Settlements in San Bernardino County, California
Jowzjan Province

Jowzjan or Jozjan or Jawzjan (, ) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the northern area of the country. The capital is Sheberghan.
Demographics
There are around 485,300 people in the province. Most of them are ethnic Turkmens.
Politics
Jowzjan's current governor is Mohammed Aleem Sayee.
Districts
References
Provinces of Afghanistan
Sept-Vents

Sept-Vents is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Val de Drome.
Related pages
Communes of the Calvados department
References
Former communes in Calvados
2017 Copeland by-election

The 2017 Copeland by-election was a by-election to the UK Parliament constituency of Copeland. The by-election happened on 23 February 2017. This was the same day as the Stoke-on-Trent Central by-election. The election happened after the Labour MP, Jamie Reed, decided he didn't want to be MP anymore. Conservative candidate Trudy Harrison became the new MP. This was the first time since 1982 that the party of the government won a seat in a by-election.
References
2017 elections
2017 in England
Copeland
2010s elections in the United Kingdom
Eslanda Goode Robeson

Eslanda Goode Robeson, born December 15, 1896, was an American author and activist for African Americans. She is better known as the wife of Paul Robeson. Robeson had a large impact on the Civil Rights Movement where she fought segregation and racism in the United States. She continued this work until her death in 1965.
Education
Robeson studied at the London School of Economics and University College, London in 1934. During this time, she studied under Bronislaw Malinowski, a famous anthropologist. Robeson then researched eurocentrism and its impacts on Africans and African Americans. This inspired her book, African Journey, as well as many other lectures and writings.
Career
Robeson started her career as the first African American hired at New York City's Presbyterian Hospital in the surgical pathology department She then left this career after marrying her husband, Paul.
Eslanda Goode Robeson was also in filmmaking, mostly as an actress. She acted in the silent films Borderline (1930) and Big Fella (1937).
Publications
Robeson is best known for her publication of African Journey. This book shows Robeson's personal journey to Africa in 1936. During her trip to Africa, she wrote about themes of colonialism, racism, and cultural differences between Africa and the United States.
The publication became famous to the public and was one of the first books to show a positive view of African people. Because of her publication many African Americans were able to relate to individuals in Africa.
References
American activists
Fisher-Price

Fisher-Price is an American company. It produces toys for children. Since 1992, the company has been owned by Mattel.
The company was founded in 1930.
The company has produced toys including Barney & Friends related products, Dora the Explorer products and some Disney, Muppets and Sesame Street products.
References
Companies based in New York (state)
1930 establishments in the United States
Toy companies
Manufacturing companies of the United States
John Andrews

John Andrews (1821 - after 1872) was a United States Navy sailor. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in the Korean Expedition.
Medal of Honor citation
Andrews' Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in action against Korean forts in June 1871. At the front of his a small boat, he measured the depth of shallow waters while under a heavy fire.
The words of Andrews' citation explain:
On board the USS Benicia in action against Korean forts on 9 and 10 June 1871. Stationed at the lead in passing the forts, Andrews stood on the gunwale on the Benicia's launch, lashed to the ridgerope. He remained unflinchingly in this dangerous position and gave his soundings with coolness and accuracy under a heavy fire.
References
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
1821 births
Year of death unknown
Military people from Pennsylvania
There Was an Old Couple

There Was an Old Couple () is a 1965 Soviet drama movie directed by Grigori Chukhrai. It stars Ivan Marin, Vera Kuznetsova, and Lyudmila Maksakova.
Actors
Ivan Marin as The Old Man, Gusakov
Vera Kuznetsova as The Old Woman, Gusakova
Lyudmila Maksakova as Nina
Georgy Martyniuk as Valentin
Galina Polskikh as Galya
Anatoli Yabbarov as Sectarian
References
Other websites
1965 drama movies
Soviet drama movies
Movies directed by Grigori Chukhrai
Half-Life: Alyx

Half-Life: Alyx is a first-person shooter video game for virtual reality created by the company Valve Corporation and released in 2020. The game happens between the events of Half-Life and Half-Life 2. The player controls Alyx Vance who is on a mission to take control of a superweapon which belongs to Combine.
Plot
The events of Half-Life: Alyx happen five years before the events of Half-Life 2. Alyx Vance and her father Dr. Eli Vance are captured by the Combine forces. Resistance member Russell rescues Alyx. He tells her that Eli will be sent to Nova Prospekt for questioning.
Reception
According to review aggregator Metacritic, Half-Life: Alyx received "universal acclaim". Reviewers at publications such as VG247, Tom's Hardware, and Video Games Chronicle have said that the game is VR's "killer app".
Vic Hood from TechRadar said that: "This certainly isn't the long-awaited Half-Life 3. However, it's nice to see Valve following through on a Half-Life project as the company has run hot and cold on whether we would ever see another entry in the series. But we forever live in hope for a Half-Life 3."
References
Shooter video games
Half-Life series
Weippe, Idaho

Weippe (pronounced ) is a city in Idaho in the United States. The population was 441 at the 2010 census, up from 411 in 2000.
References
Cities in Idaho
Huntingdon, Pennsylvania

Huntingdon is a borough in (and the county seat of) Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located along the Juniata River. With a population of 7,093 at the 2010 census.
References
Boroughs in Pennsylvania
County seats in Pennsylvania
Lengnau, Berne

Lengnau is a municipality in the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Bern
L'Hôpital-Saint-Lieffroy

L'Hopital-Saint-Lieffroy is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
André Arthur

Andre Arthur (December 21, 1943 - May 8, 2022) was a Canadian radio host and politician. He was the independent Member of Parliament for the riding of Portneuf--Jacques-Cartier from 2006 to 2011.
Arthur died on May 8, 2022 at the age of 78.
References
1943 births
2022 deaths
Canadian journalists
Canadian radio personalities
Politicians from Quebec City
Milford Graves

Milford Graves, (August 20, 1941 - February 12, 2021) was an American jazz drummer and percussionist. He was born in New York City. He was known for his early avant-garde works in the 1960s with Paul Bley, Albert Ayler, and the New York Art Quartet.
Graves died of heart failure in New York City on February 12, 2021 at the age of 79.
References
Other websites
Audio Recordings of WCUW Jazz Festivals - Jazz History Database
Milford Graves discography on Mindspring.com
13 episodes of Milford Graves talking on ImprovLive 365 from 2012 (via YouTube)
Milford Graves interview at Point of Departure
Article on Milford Graves: Full Mantis documentary at Independencia
1941 births
2021 deaths
American jazz musicians
American drummers
Deaths from heart failure
Musicians from New York City
Corn dog

A corn dog is a sausage on a stick coated in a thick layer of cornmeal batter and deep-fried. The sausage used in a corn dog is usually the same types that are used in hot dogs. It is a popular type of fast food or street food.
Corn dogs originate from the United States in the 1920s. It is commonly found in American cuisine. They are found as a frozen food at most supermarkets.
History
Corn dogs were first introduced by German Texans in the 1920s. The corn dog was first made as just a sausage rolled in cornbread battered and fried. Many years later, sticks were added to corn dogs as a unique food-holding tool that would later create the modern corn dog.
On 1927, the idea of fried food on a stick was filed for a patent in the US. On 1929, the patent was accepted. On the patent, it states that many foods other than sausages can also be used in the same way that a corn dog is prepared. The patent also states that by having a stick, the stick would allow the fried food to be handled and eaten in a cleaner way.
The earliest known year when the corn dog was first prepared in the US was on 1937. During a high school baseball game in Adel, Iowa, ballpark vendors ran out of hot dog buns for their hot dogs. Roger Newman, a local tavern owner who runs one of the vendors, took the remaining hot dogs in order to make corn dogs without sticks. He breaded each hot dog in a cornmeal batter that he had prepared for an upcoming fish fry, and returned to the ballpark with these corn dogs. Even though there were not any sticks for any of the corn dogs, patrons held the corn dogs with a wide variety of different methods. Some patrons held the corn dogs with wax paper, paper cones, and even pocket knives.
Many current corn dog vendors believed that they invented or popularized the corn dog. Carl and Neil Fletcher claimed that they had popularized the corn dog by introducing "Corny Dogs" at the State Fair of Texas sometime between 1938 and 1942. The Pronto Pup vendors at the Minnesota State Fair claim to have invented the corn dog in 1941. On June 16, 1946, Cozy Dog Drive-in, in Springfield, Illinois, claims to have been the first to serve corn dogs on sticks. Also on 1946, Dave Barham opened the first location of Hot Dog on a Stick at Muscle Beach in Santa Monica, California.
Varieties
Several variants of corn dog exist.
Mini corn dogs are smaller versions of the corn dog.
Sausage sticks are a breakfast variant of the corn dog.
References
Sausage
Fast food
Columbia County, Wisconsin

Columbia County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of 2000, 52,468 people lived in Columbia county. Portage is the county seat and largest city in the county.
Columbia County is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
The county has a total area of . Of this, is land and (2.75%) is water. The county's highest point is Gibraltar Rock. It is above sea level. The high butte-shaped bluff is located north of Lodi. It looks out over the Lake Wisconsin River valley.
Cities, villages, and towns
Unincorporated communities
Anacker
Belle Fountain
Dekorra
Durwards Glen
East Friesland
Englewood
Harmony Grove
Ingle
Keyeser
Lake Wisconsin (partial)
Leeds
Leeds Center
Lewiston
Lowville
Marcellon
North Leeds
Okee
Otsego
Ghost towns
Moe Settlement
References
Other websites
Columbia County government website
History of Columbia County, Wisconsin
Memorial and Biographical Record and Illustrated Compendium of Biography ... of Columbia, Sauk and Adams counties, Wisconsin...
Wisconsin counties
1854 establishments in Wisconsin
Chest pain

Chest pain is pain or discomfort in the chest, usually in the front of the chest. It may be sharp or heavy pains. It can be caused by heart-related and non-heart-related problems. Pain is caused by not enough blood flow to the heart.
References
Medical emergencies
Argœuves

Argoeuves is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Geography
The commune is north of Amiens. The Somme River is away.
Communes in Somme
Haddam, Kansas

Haddam is a city in Washington County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 104 people lived there.
History
Haddam was founded in 1869. It was named after Haddam, Connecticut. In 1874, the rival town of West Haddam merged with Haddam.
Geography
Haddam is at (39.856335, -97.302865).
According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
People
2010 census
As of the 2010 census says that there were 104 people, 52 households, and 29 families living in the city.
Education
Haddam is served by USD 108 Washington County Schools. The Washington County High School mascot is Tigers.
School unification consolidated Morrowville and Haddam schools into Morrowville-Haddam schools in 1967. The high school was in Morrowville. The grade school in Haddam.
The Haddam High School mascot was Haddam Hounds.
References
Other websites
City
City of Haddam
Haddam - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 108, local school district
Maps
Haddam City Map, KDOT
1869 establishments in Kansas
Cities in Washington County, Kansas
Röthenbach an der Pegnitz

Rothenbach an der Pegnitz is a town in Nurnberger Land, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the Pegnitz River, 4 km southwest of Lauf an der Pegnitz, and 12 km east of Nuremberg (centre).
Gallery
References
Nurnberger Land