pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Marie Avgeropoulos

Marie Avgeropoulos (; born 17 June 1986) is a Canadian actress and model. She is best known for her role as Octavia Blake on The CW's post-apocalyptic science fiction television series The 100 (2014-present).
Early life
Avgeropoulos was born on 17 June 1986 in Thunder Bay, Ontario. She grew up fishing, hunting and camping, spending most of her free time outdoors. Avgeropoulos started playing drums when she was 16. After studying broadcast journalism for two years in her hometown, Avgeropoulos moved to Europe. Several months later, she came back to Canada and settled in Vancouver.
Career
One of her friends invited her for a casting call in Vancouver, which happened to be looking for drummers. A talent agent recognized her talent and invited her to appear in various national commercials. She caught the attention of director Chris Columbus. He hired Avgeropoulos for I Love You, Beth Cooper, which became her first feature film role. Her appearance in the film gave her the opportunities to star in more films and television shows.
In 2010, Avgeropoulos was cast as Kim Rhodes in the film Hunt to Kill, which became her break-out role.
Early in 2013, Avgeropoulos made her break-out in television after being cast for a recurring role in The CW's Cult. However, the series failed to attract viewers and after episode 7, the show was cancelled. The remaining six episodes of the show were broadcast later in the summer.
Not long after the show ended, The CW cast her as one of the main characters in their new sci-fi, The 100, to portray the character Octavia Blake.
Personal life
The 32-year-old actress and her 41-year-old boyfriend allegedly began arguing in a car on the Ventura (134) Freeway shortly after midnight 5 August 2018. Avgeropoulos was accused of striking him multiple times in the head, neck and arm, resulting in minor injuries, according to the District Attorney's Office. She was then charged with domestic violence. Avgeropoulos's boyfriend wants the charges against the actress dropped as he said she doesn't pose a threat.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
Other websites
1986 births
Actors from Ontario
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Living people
People from Thunder Bay
Cahors

Cahors () is a commune in southwestern France. It is in Occitanie. Cahors is the prefecture (capital) of the Lot department. It is also the capital of 3 cantons: Cahors-1, Cahors-2 and Cahors-3.
Cahors was the capital of the old province of Quercy and the people of this city are known, in French, as cadurciens (women: cadurciennes). This name comes from the old name of the city, Carduca.
History
Cahors is an ancient town. The people that inhabited the area at the time of the Roman conquest were called Carduci and so the Romans named the town as Divona or Divona Cadurcorum, "Divona of the Cadurci"; Divona was a source of water, now called "fontaine des Chartreux". The word Cahors comes from Cadurcorum.
Geography
Cahors is located in the southwest of France, in the old province of Quercy, in the valley of the Lot river, and is found in a peninsula () formed by an U-shaped meander of that river which gives its name to the department.
It has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The commune is at north of Toulouse and is surrounded by the communes Mercues, Calamane, Pradines, Arcambal, Lamagdelaine, Laroque-des-Arcs, Trespoux-Rassiels, Labastide-Marnhac, Le Montat and Flaujac-Poujols.
Climate
The climate of Cahors, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
With a population of 19,630, Cahors has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Cahors
Cahors forms, together with the commune Pradines, the urban area of Cahors, with a population of 23,090 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Cahors, formed by 44 communes with a population of 44,255 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Administration
Cahors is the prefecture of the Lot department, the capital of the arrondissement of Cahors and the administrative centre () of the Cahors-1, Cahors-2 and Cahors-3 cantons.
It is part of the intercommunality Le Grand Cahors ().
Places of interest
Some places of interest are:
Pont Valentre (Valentre Bridge, ), a symbol of the town across the Lot river. It was built between 1308 and 1378.
Cathedrale Saint-Etienne de Cahors (Cahors Cathedral), a national monument in France.
Arc de Diane (Diane's Arch), remains of Roman baths.
Saint-Barthelemy Church (14th century).
Maison Henri IV or Hotel de Roaldes (15th century).
Gallery
References
Related pages
Arrondissement of Cahors
Communes of the Lot department
Other websites
Ville de Cahors - Official website
Office de Tourisme de Grand Cahors (in English: Grand Cahors Tourist Office )
Communes in Lot
Departmental capitals in France
Meugliano

Meugliano is a frazione in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy. On 1 January 2019, it was merged with Trausella and Vico Canavese to form the new comune of Valchiusa.
Former municipalities of Piedmont
Tilo Prückner

Tilo Pruckner (26 October 1940 - 2 July 2020) was a German actor. His career lasted for over fifty years and more than 100 movies. He was born in Augsburg, Germany. He was known for his roles in The NeverEnding Story, Iron Sky and Tatort.
Pruckner died on 2 July 2020 from heart failure at a Berlin hospital, aged 79.
References
1940 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
German movie actors
German television actors
German voice actors
German stage actors
Erches

Erches is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Shelley Berman

Sheldon Leonard "Shelley" Berman (February 3, 1925 - September 1, 2017) was an American comedian, movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, writer, teacher, screenwriter, educator, and poet who is known for his roles in The Steve Allen Show and in Divorce American Style. He won a Grammy Award.
Berman was of Jewish descent. He was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois on February 3, 1925. He studied at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. He was married to Sarah Herman since 1947. They had two adopted children, one who died from a brian tumor.
Berman won the first Grammy Award for a spoken comedy recording. The first standup comedian to perform at Carnegie Hall, Berman appeared on numerous television specials and all of the major variety shows of the day.
Berman died of complications from Alzheimer's disease on September 1, 2017 at his home in Bell Canyon, California at the age of 92.
References
Other websites
Official website
1925 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Chicago
Educators from Chicago
American movie actors
American poets
American radio actors
American stage actors
American teachers
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from Chicago
Grammy Award winners
Jewish American actors
Jewish American comedians
Jewish American writers
Jewish screenwriters
Screenwriters from Chicago
Television personalities from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Castéra-Lectourois

Castera-Lectourois is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Related pages
Communes of the Gers department
References
Communes in Gers
Chester Nez

Chester Nez (January 23, 1921 - June 4, 2014) was an American veteran of World War II. He was the last original Navajo code talker who served in the United States Marine Corps during the war. He was born in Chi Chil Tah, New Mexico.
In 2011, he wrote a book about his life called Code Talker with Judith Schiess Avila. The book tells about Nez growing up in the Checkerboard, going to boarding schools, the 1930s Livestock Massacre, his work on the code and in wars, and his later life.
Nez died on June 4, 2014 from kidney failure in Albuquerque, aged 93.
References
Other websites
Navajo Code Talkers: The Uncrackable Language , featuring Chester Nez
1921 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
World War II people
Native American people
People from New Mexico
Peter Cartwright (lawyer)

Peter John Cartwright (3 May 1940 - 17 April 2019) was a New Zealand lawyer. He was the husband of Dame Silvia Cartwright (nee Poulter). He was the viceregal consort of New Zealand between 2001 and 2006, when his wife was serving as the 18th Governor-General of New Zealand. He was the chairman of the Medical Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal, the Indecent Publications Tribunal and the Broadcasting Standards Authority. He was born in Dunedin. He went to a boarding school in Christchurch.
Cartwright died in Auckland on 17 April 2019. He was 78.
References
1940 births
2019 deaths
New Zealand lawyers
People from Dunedin
Josef Posipal

Josef Posipal (20 June 1927 - 21 February 1997) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1948-49||Arminia Hannover||Oberliga||22||5
|-
|1949-50||rowspan="9"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="9"|Oberliga||30||2
|-
|1950-51||28||0
|-
|1951-52||29||3
|-
|1952-53||29||3
|-
|1953-54||27||3
|-
|1954-55||26||0
|-
|1955-56||28||0
|-
|1956-57||28||0
|-
|1957-58||25||2
272||18
272||18
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1951||4||0
|-
|1952||6||1
|-
|1953||4||0
|-
|1954||11||0
|-
|1955||5||0
|-
|1956||2||0
|-
!Total||32||1
|}
References
1927 births
1997 deaths
German footballers
Romanian footballers
Karel Loprais

Karel Loprais (March 4, 1949 - 30 December 2021) was a Czech rally raid driver. He was the 6-time winner of the Dakar Rally in the truck category. Loprais was born in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia. He was nicknamed "Monsieur Dakar".
Loprais died on 30 December 2021 from COVID-19 at a hospital in Novy Jicin, Czech Republic at the age of 72.
References
1949 births
2021 deaths
Czech sportspeople
Racecar drivers
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic
Coober Pedy, South Australia

Coober Pedy is a small town in South Australia. It is famous for the opals which have been mined there since 1915. The town was first settled after opals were first discovered. The town is about half way between Adelaide and Alice Springs, on the Stuart Highway. The highway was named after the explorer John McDouall Stuart, who was the first Europen person to see the area in 1858.
The area around Coober Pedy is very dry, treeless flat desert. It has a hot desert climate (BWh in the Koeppen climate classification). The town has about 1700 people, many of whom live in underground houses to keep out of the heat. The name comes from two Aboriginal words which mean "white men in holes in the ground."
References
1915 establishments
Towns in South Australia
Hubert Boulard

Hubert Boulard (21 January 1971 - 12 February 2020) was a French comics writer and colorist. He produced Miss Pas Touche in 2006, illustrated by Kerascoet and published by Dargaud, which sold 30,000 as of 2017.
Boulard produced the collective work Les Gens normaux, paroles lesbiennes gay bi trans, published in 2013, during the time when France was voting on the legalization of gay marriage. In 2019, he wrote the comic Boiseleur : Les Mains d'Ilian, with illustrations by Gaelle Hersent.
Boulard died on 12 February 2020 at the age of 49.
References
1971 births
2020 deaths
French writers
French artists
Mariano Taccola

Mariano di Jacopo detto il Taccola (1381 - ca. 1453), called Taccola (the crow), was an Italian artist, engineer and administrator. He lived during the early Renaissance period. He wrote two important books, De ingeneis and De machinis. These hand-drawn books have drawings of many new (for his time) machines. There are also descriptions of the machines. Leonardo da Vinci and other people used his books in the later Renaissance.
Life
Mariano Taccola was born in Siena in 1381. His father was a wine merchant named Jacopo. His mother's name was Madonna Nofria (Bacci). The name he was given at his baptism was Mariano Daniello. He once interviewed the Florentine architect Filippo Brunelleschi and recorded it in one of his folios. Brunelleschi advised Taccola not to explain his inventions to others who did not understand machines. He said: "Therefore the gifts given to us by God must not be relinquished to those who speak ill of them and who are moved by envy or ignorance. To disclose too much of one's inventions and achievements is one and the same thing as to give up the fruit of one's ingenuity... the ignorant and inexperienced understand nothing, not even when things are explained to them; their ignorance moves them promptly to anger; they remain in their ignorance because they want to show themselves learned, which they are not"
Facsimile editions
J.H. Beck, ed., 1969, Mariano di Jacopo detto il Taccola, Liber tertius de ingeneis ac edifitiis non usitatis, (Milan: Edizioni il Polifilo), 156 pp., 96 pls.
(This edition reproduces Books III and IV of de Ingeneis)
Frank D. Prager and Gustina Scaglia, eds., 1971, Mariano Taccola and His Book "De ingeneis" (Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press), 230 pp., 129 pls.
(This edition also reproduces Books III and IV of de Ingeneis)
Gustina Scaglia, ed.,1971, Mariano Taccola, De machinis: The Engineering Treatise of 1449, 2 vols. (Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag), 181 and 210 pp., 200 pls.
Further reading
Donald Routledge Hill, 1996, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times Routledge
Lawrence Fane, 2003, "The Invented World of Mariano Taccola", Leonardo, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 135-143
Scott Christianson, 2012, 100 diagrams that changed the world. A Plume Book/Penguin: New York, N.Y., p. 71
Notes
References
Other websites
Institute and Museum of the History of Science - Online-Exposition about Taccola's drawings
New York Public Library Digital Collection; Mariano Taccola
The Archimededes Project; Database Machine Drawings Author: mariano (taccola)
1380s births
1450s deaths
Italian engineers
Italian artists
People from Siena
Barbara Gronemus

Barbara (nee Barry) Gronemus (November 21, 1931 - January 17, 2021) was an American politician and farmer. Gronemus was born in Norwalk, Wisconsin. She was a Democratic Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1982 through 2008.
Gronemus died in Blair, Wisconsin on January 17, 2021 at the age of 89.
References
1931 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Wisconsin
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Fred Kummerow

Fred Kummerow (October 4, 1914 - May 31, 2017) was an American emeritus professor of comparative biosciences at the University of Illinois and a centenarian. He continued to do research even after he was one hundred years old.
Kummerow was known for his works to prove the health issues that trans fat caused to people.
Kummerow died on May 31, 2017 at his home in Urbana, Illinois at the age of 102.
Selected publications
Johnston PV, Johnson OC, Kummerow FA. Occurrence of trans fatty acids in human tissue. Science 126, 698-699 (1957).
Kummerow FA. Nutrition imbalance and angiotoxins as dietary risk factors in coronary heart disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32, 58-83 (1979).
Kummerow FA. Interaction between sphingomyelin and oxysterols contributes to atherosclerosis and sudden death. Am. J. Cardiovasc. Dis. 3(1), 17-26 (2013).
References
Other websites
1914 births
2017 deaths
American centenarians
University of Illinois faculty
German centenarians
Scientists from Berlin
Silk

Silk is a natural fibre made by the silk worm cocoon. Silk fibres are very strong and are often used to make cloth.
The cloth from silk can be made into rugs, bedding, or can be used to write or paint on. In the past, silk was used to make parachutes. The practice of growing silkworms for silk production is called sericulture.
Most spiders make a natural fibre of their own that is also called silk.
History
The Chinese invented silk cloth in 3000 B.C. and traded it across the world through the Silk Road because it was very valuable and costly. They were the only ones producing it and selling it to the world until 522 CE.
Chemical properties
Silk that is made by the silk worm is made up of two main proteins, sericin and fibroin.
Fibroin is the structural center of the silk and gives it its strength. It is made up of amino acids, which make the fibers strong and hard to break. The tensile strength is there because of hydrogen bonds. When silk is stretched, there is a strong force on these many bonds, so they do not break.
Serecin is the sticky material which surrounds the fibroin and gives it protection from the outside. Silk is resistant to most mineral acids, except for sulfuric acid, which dissolves it. Perspiration gives the silk a yellowish colour.
Related pages
Silk Road
Basic English 850 words
Fibers
Cloth
Mayville, New York

Mayville is a village in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. The population was 1,711 at the 2010 census. Mayville is the county seat of Chautauqua County.
References
Villages in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
Jean-François Hory

Jean-Francois Hory (15 May 1949 - 28 December 2017) was a French politician. He was born in Neufchateau, Vosges. From 1981 to 1986, he was a member of the French Parliament. In 1989, he became a member of the European Parliament (MEP). While serving as a MEP, he was elected president of the Radical Party of the Left in 1992, a position that he held until 1996. In February 1995, he declared his candidacy for the French presidential election but later withdrew.
Hory died from cancer at the age of 68 on 28 December 2017 in Burgundy.
References
1949 births
2017 deaths
French politicians
Copycat (movie)

Copycat is a 1995 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by Jon Amiel, produced by Arnon Milchan and Mark Tarlov and written by Ann Biderman and David Madsen.
It is set in San Francisco, California. It stars Sigourney Weaver as criminal psychologist Dr. Helen Hudson and Holly Hunter as police detective M.J. Monahan. Dermot Mulroney plays her work partner, detective Reuben Goetz. Harry Connick, Jr. plays Daryll Lee Cullum and William McNamara plays Peter Foley. Cullum is imprisoned early in the movie for murder and for attacking Hudson. As a result of the attack, she has agoraphobia and posttraumatic stress disorder. Foley is a serial killer who is committing murders in the ways that they were done by notorious serial killers.
References
Other websites
1995 crime thriller movies
1995 mystery movies
1990s psychological movies
1990s serial killer movies
American crime thriller movies
American mystery movies
American psychological movies
American serial killer movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
Movies about stalking
English-language movies
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies directed by Jon Amiel
The Truth Is

The Truth Is is the third studio album by English singer and songwriter Alexandra Burke. It was released on 16 March 2018 through Decca Records. Recording for the album started in 2013 and finished in early 2018. The first single from the album, "Shadow", was released on 9 February to BBC Radio 2, and to digital download and streaming on 23 February. The album entered and peaked at number 16 on the UK Albums Chart, spending only one week in the top 100. It is Burke's first album since 2012's Heartbreak on Hold and her first album since leaving Syco.
Track listing
Notes
signifies an additional producer
Charts
References
Other websites
The Truth Is at Discogs (list of releases)
2018 albums
Alexandra Burke albums
Pop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Yaakov Agmon

Yaakov Agmon () (24 June 1929 - 16 December 2020) was an Israeli theater producer, manager, and director. He was born in Tel Aviv. He was director of United Jewish Appeal and also as a columnist and the secretary of the Rimon weekly publication.
In 1978, he founded Beit Lessin Theater. In 1995, Agmon was appointed general and artistic director of the Habima Theatre. In 2010, Agmon was appointed general manager of the Arabic-Hebrew theater of Jaffa.
Agmon died on 16 December 2020 at a hospital in Ramat Gan from COVID-19 at the age of 91.
References
1929 births
2020 deaths
Columnists
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel
Israeli journalists
Israeli businesspeople
People from Tel Aviv
Theatre directors
Theatre producers
The Call of the Wild (1908 movie)

The Call of the Wild is a 1908 American silent western movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Charles Inslee, Harry Solter, and Florence Lawrence.
Actors
Charles Inslee as George Redfeather
Harry Solter as Lieutenant Penrose
Florence Lawrence as Gladys Penrose
George Gebhardt as The Indian agent
John R. Cumpson as The Penroses' Chinese servant
Mack Sennett as Party guest / Indian warrior
Arthur Johnson as Party guest / Indian warrior
Claire McDowell as Party guest
References
Other websites
American movies
1908 movies
American Western (genre) movies
American silent movies
Syd Mead

Sydney Jay Mead (July 18, 1933 - December 30, 2019) was an American industrial designer and neofuturistic concept artist. He was known for his designs for science-fiction movies such as Blade Runner, Alien and Tron. Mead was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Mead died of lymphoma in Pasadena, California on December 30, 2019 at the age of 86.
References
Other websites
1933 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Cancer deaths in California
American designers
American science fiction writers
Writers from Pasadena, California
Writers from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Stien Kaiser

Christina Wilhelmina "Stein" Baas-Kaiser (20 May 1938 - 23 June 2022) was a Dutch speed skater. She was born in Delft, Netherlands. She won a gold and silver medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Kaiser also won two bronze medals at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
Kaiser died on 23 June 2022 at the age of 84.
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
Dutch Olympic bronze medalists
Dutch Olympic gold medalists
Dutch Olympic silver medalists
Dutch speed skaters
People from Delft
Sportspeople from South Holland
Ichum Lairembi

Ichum Lairembi () or Echum Lairembi () or Eechum Lairembi () is a Lairembi (goddess) in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak. Her major cult centre of worship is located in Khurkhul region, present day Manipur.
Legends
According to legends, the power of Goddess Ichum Lairembi () resides at Thingba Maran Ngambi (). It is the reason why all the offerings brought for Goddess Ichum Lairembi are offered to Thingba Maran Ngambi.
In a legend, Princess Thoibi of Ancient Moirang was once ordered by the King of Moirang to throw an egg. So, she and her slaves proceeded to a journey to carry on the task. The egg they brought fell on ground and got broken at the area of Goddess Ichum Lairembi in Khurkhul. From that time onwards, they started to live in the place and celebrate Lai Haraoba festival to please Goddess Ichum Lairembi.
Festival
Every year, the sacred Lai Haraoba festival is celebrated in honor Goddess Ichum Lairembi (). Among the places of celebrations of the holy festival, Khurkhul is the predominant one.
Related pages
Irai Leima
Irai Ningthou
References
Other websites
The Geography Of Manipur_INTERNET ARCHIVE
Registrar, India Office of the (1976). Census of India, 1971: A-10:B. District census handbook. Town & village directory. Primary census abstract [name of district. Controller of Publications.
Manipur, India Director of Census Operations (1973). District Census Handbook: Manipur Central District. Census Operations, Manipur.
Meitei gods and goddesses
Leima
Muğla Province

Mugla Province is a province of Turkey, at the country's south-western corner, on the Aegean Sea. Its seat is Mugla, about 20 km (12 mi) inland. Some of Turkey's largest holiday resorts, such as Bodrum, Oludeniz, Marmaris and Fethiye, are on the coast.
Mugla Province
Winnemucca, Nevada

Winnemucca is the county seat and only incorporated city in Humboldt County, Nevada, United States.
Cities in Nevada
County seats in Nevada
1965 UEFA European Under-18 Championship

The UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1965 Final Tournament was held in West Germany.
Teams
The following teams entered the tournament:
(host)
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Group G
Group H
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Places 5-8
Places 1-4
Final Matches
Seventh Place Match
Fifth Place Match
Third place match
Final
Other websites
Results by RSSSF
UEFA European Under-19 Championship
1965 in sports
1965 in Europe
K12

K12 is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in India and Pakistan. K12 is part of the Saltoro subrange. It is the 60th highest mountain in the world.
K12 is not climbed often, as it is in the disputed Kashmir region. The first people to reach the top were Tsutomu Ito and Shinichi Takagi, in 1974.
References
Mountains of Pakistan
Gilgit-Baltistan
Mountains of India
Jammu and Kashmir
Karakoram
Neuviller-la-Roche

Neuviller-la-Roche is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Excommunication

Excommunication is a religious act used to take off or suspend membership in a religious community.
The word literally means out of communion, or no longer in communion. In some churches, excommunication includes the belief that the person who was exocommunicated is going to Hell. Sometimes punishment follow excommunication; these include being banned, shunning, and shaming, depending on the group's religion or religious community.
Related pages
Takfiri
References
Encyclopedia of American Religions, by J. Gordon Melton
Ludlow, Daniel H. ed, Encyclopedia of Mormonism, Macmillan Publishing, 1992.
Other websites
De Fide, a non-profit association, uses Canon Law to defend the Roman Catholic Church from Heresy by filing lawsuits in Ecclesiastical Court, seeking the excommunication of impenitent offenders.
Excommunication, the Ban, Church Discipline and Avoidance (from Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online)
Catholic Encyclopaedia on excommunication
The two sides of excommunication
Episcopal Church of America excommunication
Christian terminology
Paulo Jr.

Paulo Jr. (born Paulo Xisto Pinto, Jr. on April 30, 1968 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil) is Brazilian bassist. He the only remaining original member of the Brazilian heavy metal band Sepultura.
Discography
1985 - Bestial Devastation
1986 - Morbid Visions
1987 - Schizophrenia
1989 - Beneath the Remains
1991 - Arise
1993 - Chaos A.D.
1996 - Roots
1998 - Against
2001 - Nation
2002 - Revolusongs
2003 - Roorback
2006 - Dante XXI
2009 - A-Lex
2011 - Kairos
1968 births
Brazilian musicians
Living people
Sepultura members
People from Belo Horizonte
Observatoire de Haute-Provence

Observatoire de Haute-Provence (Observatory of Haute-Provence in French) is the main astronomical observatory in the southeast of France. It is about from Marseilles and east of Avignon. The four main telescopes have diameters between . They discover exoplanets, asteroids, etc.
Buildings and structures in France
Astronomical observatories
Cruel and unusual punishment

Cruel and unusual punishment is punishment that causes severe suffering, pain, or humiliation. Many countries have laws against cruel and unusual punishment. There are also international laws and treaties against this type of punishment.
History
For most of recorded history, the death penalty was often painful on purpose. Severe historical punishments included being burned or boiled to death; cut or torn apart; crushed by stones; sawed in half; crucified; and many other extremely painful methods of execution. Punishments that were not meant to cause death were also often painful on purpose.
Laws
The exact words "cruel and unusual punishment" were first used in the English Bill of Rights 1689. In 1791, the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution made "cruel and unusual punishment" illegal in the United States. Seven years later, the British Leeward Islands used the same words in their Slavery Amelioration Act.
Here are some examples of other laws that include protections against cruel and unusual punishment.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948
Article 5 says: "No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment"
The European Convention on Human Rights, Article 3 (1950)
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 7 (1966)
The Constitution of the Marshall Islands (1979)
Article 2, Section 6 of the Constitution's Bill of Rights bans "cruel and unusual punishment", which it defines as the death penalty; torture; "inhuman and degrading treatment"; and "excessive fines or deprivations."
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 12 (1982)
The Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 16 (1984)
The Constitution of Poland, Article 40 (1997)
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Article 4 (2000)
United States
The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution says that "cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted." However, the Constitution does not define exactly what cruel and unusual punishments are.
In a case called Furman v. Georgia (), the Supreme Court of the United States decided what questions they would use to figure out whether a punishment was cruel and unusual. Justice William Brennan wrote the opinion in the case. He made four rules about punishments:
They cannot "be degrading to human dignity" (humiliating). Torture is especially not allowed.
They cannot be "A severe punishment that is obviously inflicted in wholly arbitrary way"
They cannot be "A severe punishment that is clearly and totally rejected throughout society."
They cannot be "severe [and obviously] unnecessary."
In this decision, the Supreme Court set a precedent that if a punishment broke any of these four rules, it would be viewed as "cruel and unusual," and would be illegal under the Constitution.
Notes
References
Punishments
Crime
Human rights
United States Constitution
Inland taipan

The inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus), also called the fierce snake or western taipan, is a snake in Australia. It is the most venomous snake on Earth. It belongs to the Elapidae family. Although it is venomous, the snake is rather shy, and prefers to escape from trouble.
A bite from the inland taipan is fatal to most creatures. One bite from the snake contains enough venom to kill about 100 people at once, and it can kill someone in just 30 to 45 minutes.
References
Other websites
Australia Zoo Fierce Snake Fact File
Elapidae
Snakes of Australia
Kabaddi

Kabaddi is a team sport from South Asia.
Two teams are on opposite halves of a small field. They take turns sending a "raider" into the other half. This is to win points by tackling members of the opposing team. Then the raider tries to return to their own half. They hold their breath and chant the word "Kabaddi" during the whole raid. The raider must not cross the lobby unless they touch any of their opponents. If they do not touch anyone then they will be "out". There is also a bonus line. If the raider touches it and returns to their side of the field, they will get extra points. If the raider is not able to get back to their own side, then they are considered "out". RV -4416
In the international team version of kabaddi, there are two teams of seven members and 4 are in substitution. Each is on opposite halves of a field of 10 m x 13 m in case of men and 8 m x 12 m in case of women. Each has three extra players held in reserve. The game is played with 20-minute halves. There is a five-minute half-time break when the teams change sides.
Teams take turns sending a "raider" to the opposite team's half. The goal is to tag or wrestle ("confine") members of the opposite team. Tagged members are "out" and temporarily sent off the field.
The goal of the defenders is to stop the raider from returning to the home side before taking a breath. If any of the seven players cross the lobby without touching the raider they will be declared "out".
The raider is sent off the field if:
the raider takes a breath before returning or
the raider crosses the boundary line or
a part of the raider's body touches the ground outside the boundary (except during a struggle with an opposing team member).
Each time when a player is "out", the opposing team earns a point. A team scores a bonus of two points called a "lona". If the entire opposing team is declared "out". At the end of the game, the team with the most points wins.
Matches are based on age and weight. Six officials supervise a match: one referee, two umpires, a scorer and two assistant scorers.
the modernised version of Game was founded in Maharashtra. Kabaddi received International exposure in the 1937 Olympics, Demonstrated by India. The game was introduced in Indian Games in Calcutta 1938. Kabaddi is popularized by Sundar Ram of India in Japan, When he toured on behalf Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation.
Kabaddi World Cup
Men's World Cup 2004
The Kabaddi World Cup was first played in 2004. It was played again in 2007, 2010 and 2016. So far India is the unbeaten champion in Kabaddi World Cup. Iran is the next most successful nation being twice runner-up. South Korea was the runner-up in 2010.
Women's World Cup
The Women's Kabaddi World Cup was first played in 2012 in Patna, Bihar, India. India won the championship defeating Iran in the finals gold.
Other websites
Team sports
Sport in Bangladesh
Sport in Iran
Sport in Pakistan
Sport in India
Craighead County, Arkansas

Craighead County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 111,231. The county seats are Jonesboro and Lake City. It was founded on February 19, 1859.
References
1850s establishments in Arkansas
1859 establishments in the United States
Enterprise, Alabama

Enterprise is a city in Coffee and Dale Counties in Alabama, United States. The population is 28,711 in 2020.
Education
Enterprise is served by Enterprise City Schools. Enterprise is also home to Enterprise-Ozark Community College, (also known as Enterprise State Junior College). A two-year college, the Enterprise campus is home to the Boll Weevils.
Notable people
Kendrick Adams, NFL outside linebacker
T. J. Barnes, NFL player
Curly Chalker, country and jazz pedal steel guitarist
Clint Crisher, R&B singer
Juli Crockett, retired professional boxer, playwright, and theater director
Jimmy DuBose, former NFL player
Terry Everett, former representative from Alabama's 2nd congressional district
Mark Fuller, federal judge for U. S. District Court, Middle District of Alabama
Kenneth A. Gibson, former mayor of Newark, New Jersey
Stewart Halcomb of The Springs
David Howard, former NFL linebacker
April Hunter, professional wrestler and model
Jamey Johnson, country music artist born in Enterprise
Jimmy McClain, NFL player
Michael McDowell, screenwriter and author of several Southern Gothic novels
Ben Paschal, reserve outfielder for the 1927 Yankees
Thomas Virgil Pittman, former federal judge on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama and the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
Cedric Smith, former NFL running back
Aud Tuten, former NHL player with the Chicago Black Hawks (1941-43)
Mark Wilkerson, lead singer of Course of Nature and husband of Melissa Joan Hart
References
Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Barrel

Barrel is an old English word for a big holder of liquids, such as petrol, beer, wine or oil. Barrels are most commonly made of either wood or metal but many are plastic
Barrels are used to age wine, and other beverages such as whisky and beer. Most of those are made of oak wood.
A barrel is also used to measure liquids. One barrel of oil is 158.987 litres (42 US gallons). It is shortened as "bbl". This use may have come from the early Pennsylvanian oil fields where wooden barrels were used to store and move oil around. In 1866, the people of West Virginia started using it regularly. At this time, the amount was set to 42 American gallons. It was later world-wide for measuring amounts of oil and pricing it. Today, oil is rarely stored or transported in actual barrels, but the term "barrel" is still used to mean a 42-gallon measurement.
A barrel can also be used to measure dry goods. For example, a barrel can mean 196 pounds (about 89 kilograms) of flour.
Different sizes
The size of some standard barrels is not the same in all countries. Some countries have different sizes for different liquids.
In the United Kingdom, there is a standard barrel for beer. It is 36 imperial gallons (163.659 litres).
In the United States, a standard barrel for liquids is 31.5 US gallons (about 119.2 litres). For beer, the standard barrel is 31 US gallons (117.348 litres), because of tax laws.
A physical metal barrel for oil or chemicals usually holds 55 US gallons (208.198 litres), but the word "barrel" used as a measurement refers to a 42-gallon measurement.
History
The first people to start using barrels were the Celts about 350 BC. The Roman Empire started using barrels after trading with the Celts. Barrels remained popular for shipping items until the 20th century.
Containers
Units of volume
Gold coin

A gold coin is a coin made entirely (or almost entirely) of gold. Gold has been used since the invention of coins. It is used because gold is an easy metal to use, and because gold is very valuable. So, a person could have a small quantity of gold coins but still buy many things. Gold is also a very dense metal, making gold coins hard to fake. Gold is good for storing coins because it does not rust.
History
Antiquity
People have used gold to trade since the Bronze Age. However, gold coins have only existed since the 6th century BC, in Anatolia (Turkey) then in Roman Empire (aureus). Gold coins were also used in China.
Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, gold coins were common because of the Florin and the Guilder, two important gold coins.
Modern History
Between 1873 and the early 1900s, gold coins were the main way to pay. Countries stopped using gold coins in 1933 because of the Great Depression. People were collecting and keeping the coins, so there were not enough for the economy to work. Today, many countries make gold coins, but they are for collectors.
Coin collecting
Many people enjoy collecting coins. The rarest (most rare) coins are the most expensive. Usually, very few of these coins were made, or they have mistakes, or they are very old. Some countries have made very large coins for collectors.
Investing
When people want to buy gold as a way to store money, they can buy gold coins. These coins are called Bullion coins. These coins are usually very pure and have exact weights, for example one troy ounce. Many people who buy bullion coins hope they become more expensive in the future so they can be sold.
Coins
Gold
DoorDash

DoorDash Inc. is an American on-demand prepared food delivery service. founded by Stanford students Tony Xu, Stanley Tang, Andy Fang and Evan Moore. It is one of several technology companies. It uses logistics services to offer food deliveries from restaurants on-demand. DoorDash launched in Palo Alto and, as of May 2019, had expanded to more than 4,000 cities and offers a selection of 340,000 stores across the United States, Canada and Australia.
It is expected to launch an IPO in 2020, the company is currently worth close to $16 billion and is the largest third-party delivery service in the U.S., surpassing Grubhub in 2019.
Restaurants delivered by DoorDash include Long John Silver's, Taco Bell and Chick-fil-A.
Related pages
Deliveroo
Delivery Hero
Delivery.com
goPuff
Grubhub
Instacart
Postmates
Shipt
SkipTheDishes
Square, Inc.
Swiggy
Uber Eats
References
Other websites
2010s establishments in California
2013 establishments in the United States
Companies based in California
Palo Alto, California
One by One (Cher song)

"One by One" is a 1996 song by Cher. It was taken from her 21st studio album It's a Man's World. It went to the top 10 in Hungary, Scotland and the United Kingdom. It performed in the United States where it reached number 52.
Track listings
UK and Australian CD single
"One by One" - 5:03
"If I Could Turn Back Time" - 3:59
"It's a Man's Man's Man's World" - 4:37
UK 12-inch single
"One by One" (Junior's Club Vocal) - 8:45
"Walking in Memphis" (Shut Up and Dance vocal mix) - 5:08
"Walking in Memphis" (Baby Doc Mix) - 7:34
UK cassette single
"One by One" - 5:03
"It's a Man's Man's Man's World" - 4:37
European maxi-CD single
"One by One" - 5:03
"One by One" (Junior Vasquez Mix) - 8:45
"If I Could Turn Back Time" - 3:59
"It's a Man's Man's Man's World" - 4:37
US 7-inch single
"One by One" (album version) - 4:06
"I Wouldn't Treat a Dog (The Way You Treated Me)" - 3:34
US CD and cassette single
"One by One" (album version) - 4:06
"I Wouldn't Treat a Dog (The Way You Treated Me)" - 3:34
"One by One" (original UK album version) - 5:03
US and Australian maxi-CD single
"One by One" (with Melle Mel) - 4:06
"I Wouldn't Treat a Dog (The Way You Treated Me)" - 3:35
"One by One" (Junior Vasquez club vocal mix) - 8:45
"One by One" (Junior Vasquez club dub) - 7:22
"One by One" (X Beat Mix) - 7:36
"One by One" (X Beat Dub) - 7:36
US 12-inch single
"One by One" (Junior Vasquez club vocal mix) - 8:45
"One by One" (Junior Vasquez club dub) - 7:22
"One by One" (with Melle Mel) - 4:06
"One by One" (X Beat Mix) - 7:36
"I Wouldn't Treat a Dog (The Way You Treated Me)" - 3:35
References
1996 songs
Cher songs
Soul songs
Mézerville

Mezerville is a commune of 95 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
References
Communes in Aude
Aeolic Greek

Aeolic Greek was a dialect of the Greek language that was spoken on the island of Lesbos and nearby parts of Asia Minor.
Greece
Graeae

The Graeae, sometimes called the Grey Sisters, are characters from Greek mythology. They are a trio of hags, called Deino, Enyo and Pemphredo. They are called the Grey Sisters because they were born with grey skin and hair. They also share one tooth and one eye. They take turns using the tooth and eye. The Graeae are affiliated with the gorgons. The hero Perseus made them say where Medusa was by taking their eye. Perseus said he would not give the eye back until the Grey Sisters told him where Medusa was.
Greek mythology
Fernando Roldán

Victor Luis Fernando Roldan Campos (15 October 1921 - 23 June 2019) was a Chilean footballer. He played as a defender. He played club football for Club Deportivo Universidad Catolica. He also represented Chile at the 1950 FIFA World Cup.
Roldan died on 23 June 2019, at the age of 97.
References
Other websites
1921 births
2019 deaths
1950 FIFA World Cup players
Chilean footballers
Étoy, Switzerland

Etoy is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
http://www.etoy.ch
Municipalities of Vaud
John Maynard Woodworth

John Maynard Woodworth (August 15, 1837 - March 14, 1879) was an American physician. He served as the first Supervising-Surgeon General of the United States under U.S. president Ulysses S. Grant from 1871 to 1879.
References
1837 births
1879 deaths
Surgeon Generals of the United States
American physicians
Politicians from New York (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Dani Olmo

Daniel Olmo Carvajal (born 7 May 1998) is a Spanish professional footballer. He plays as an attacking midfielder or as a winger for Bundesliga club RB Leipzig and the Spain national team.
Career statistics
Club
International
International goals
Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first.
Honours
Club
Dinamo Zagreb
Croatian First League (5): 2014-15, 2015-16, 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20
Croatian Cup (3): 2014-15, 2015-16, 2017-18
Croatian Super Cup (1): 2019
International
Spain U21
UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 2019
Individual
International
UEFA European Under-21 Championship - Team of the Tournament: 2019
UEFA European Under-21 Championship Final - Man of the Match: 2019
UEFA Champions League - Matchday 6 - Goal of the Week: 2019
UEFA Champions League - Breakthrough XI: 2019
National and regional
Tportal - Croatian First League best player: 2018
Football Oscar - Croatian First League best player: 2019
Football Oscar - Croatian First League best U-21 player: 2019
Football Oscar - Croatian First League team of the Year: 2019
GNK Dinamo Zagreb - Player of the Year: 2019
SIMPOSAR International Sports Symposium - Discovery of the Year: 2019
Young Catalan Player of the Year Runner-up: 2019
References
Other websites
Profile at the Dinamo Zagreb website
1998 births
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Catalonia
People from Terrassa
Living people
RB Leipzig players
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Curno

Curno is a comune in the Province of Bergamo in the Lombardy region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Mount Abram

Mount Abram is a mountain in northern Maine. It has 10 easy, 21 intermediate, and 13 expert trails. It also has five lifts which service of vertical drop.
References
Geography of Maine
Mountains of the United States
Appalachian Mountains
Heimsbrunn

Heimsbrunn is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Dan Ahdoot

Dan Ahdoot (; ) is a writer, actor, and comedian. He is known for his TV appearances on Disney's Kickin' It, Showtime's Shameless, and the Seeso series Bajillion Dollar Propertie$. He has also developed TV shows for CBS, FOX, Hulu, Freeform, and Pop.
References
Other websites
American stand-up comedians
Iranian Jews
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Living people
People from Great Neck, New York
Iranian comedians
Actors from Tehran
Jewish American comedians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Comedians from New York (state)
Writers from Tehran
Cid Corman

Cid (Sidney) Corman (June 29, 1924 - March 12, 2004) was an American poet well known for editing the magazine Origin.
Other websites
Thirty-one poems
Cid Corman on poetry over the radio, October 1952
CID CORMAN & ORIGIN PRESS
A large collection of Cid Corman's manuscripts is held at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at The University of Texas at Austin
Additional papers (1942-76) are held in the Special Collections library at Kent State University
Additional papers (1962-1964) are held in the Special Collections library at Washington University, Saint Louis
An essay on Corman
New Origin Web site
About.com Web page on Corman
obituary in The Guardian of London
1924 births
2004 deaths
Writers from Boston
Nicole Galloway

Nicole Galloway (born June 13, 1982) is an American politician. She has been the State Auditor of Missouri since 2015. She is a candidate for Governor of Missouri in the 2020 election.
Galloway is a member of the Democratic Party. Galloway was appointed as State Auditor of Missouri by Governor Jay Nixon on April 14, 2015, following the resignation of John Watson. John Watson was appointed as State Auditor following the death of Tom Schweich in February 2015, before Galloway's appointment as State Auditor nearly two months later.
Following the defeat of U.S. Senator Claire McCaskill in the 2018, Galloway is the only female state officeholder and the only Democratic statewide elected official in Missouri.
On August 12, 2019, Galloway announced that she is entering the Democratic primary for the 2020 Missouri gubernatorial election. She lost the election to Mike Parson in November 2020.
References
1982 births
Living people
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Hydrometeorological Prediction Center

The Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (a.k.a. HPC) is one of nine Service Centers that are part of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), which is part of the National Weather Service, which in turn is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. government.
The HPC serves as a center of excellence in Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting, Medium Range Forecasting (three to seven days) and the interpretation of numerical weather prediction models.
The HPC issues storm summaries on storm systems bringing significant rainfall and snowfall to portions of the United States. Advisories are also issued for tropical cyclones which have moved inland and are no longer the responsibility of the National Hurricane Center. The HPC also acts as the backup office to the National Hurricane Center in the event of a complete communications failure.
The HPC was created in October 1995, when the former National Meteorological Center was reorganised into the NCEP. It is based at the World Weather Building in Camp Springs, Maryland, along with a few of the other National Centers such as the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), the Ocean Prediction Center (OPC), and the Environmental Modeling Center (EMC).
Other websites
Official website
Meteorology