pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment

The Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE) is a technoligical experiment on the NASA Mars 2020 rover Perseverance trying to find out if oxygen can be created on Mars by using carbon dioxide.
On April 20, 2021, MOXIE produced oxygen from carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere by using solid oxide electrolysis. This was the first experimental extraction of a natural resource from another planet for human use.
The technology may help a possible human mission to the planet to provide breathable oxygen.
References
April 2021 events
Mars
Full Metal Jacket

Full Metal Jacket is a 1987 British-American war drama movie directed by Stanley Kubrick. It is based on the Gustav Hasford book The Short-Timers. The name of the movie comes from the full-metal jacketed bullets used in the military. The movie follows soldiers who are drafted to fight in the Vietnam War. The story is set in the late 1960s and follows the characters from their time in recruit training and them fighting in the war.
Release dates
Other websites
Full Metal Jacket at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
Full Metal Jacket screenplay
1987 drama movies
1980s war movies
American drama movies
American war movies
British drama movies
British war movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Stanley Kubrick
Movies set in the 1960s
Murder-suicide in movies
Multilingual movies
Vietnam War movies
Warner Bros. movies
Globish

Globish is an attempt at creating a subset of the English language for use as the international language for commerce. It has 1500 words, simple grammar rules, no humor, and no Anglo-cultural references. It was inspired by Charles Kay Ogden's BE 850. It has a word base based on real observation of non-natives' conversations in English.
The selection of 1500 words is slightly different from the VOA Special English and the SPOTLIGHT Specialized English word choices, but still quite similar. There is however a different list from a Japanese website on Globish. And the Globish Text Scanner allows some 500 more words.
Other websites
Globish-English
Globish 1500 (different list)
BASIC GLOBISH (a different project, not directly related to Narriere's)
Globish Text Scanner
English language
Stephen Gaskin

Stephen Gaskin (February 16, 1935 - July 1, 2014) was an American counterculture hippie icon. He was best known for co-founding "The Farm", a famous spiritual intentional community. He was also known for being in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, California in the 1960s.
Gaskin was born in Denver, Colorado. He was married to Ina May Gaskin. He had five children. He was in the US Marine Corps from 1952 to 1955.
Gaskin died on July 1, 2014 in Summertown, Tennessee. He was 79.
References
Other websites
Stephen Gaskin at The Farm official website
1935 births
2014 deaths
American activists
Nonviolence advocates
Writers from Denver
Writers from San Francisco
Writers from Tennessee
Richard Marles

Richard Donald Marles (born 13 July 1967) is an Australian politician who is the Deputy Prime Minister of Australia since 2022. He has also been deputy leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) since 2019. He was a parliamentary secretary from 2009 to 2013, and briefly was Minister for Trade in the second Rudd Government from June to September 2013.
References
1967 births
Living people
Politicians from Victoria (Australia)
Australian lawyers
Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia
Martin Keown

Martin Raymond Keown (born 24 July 1966) is a retired English football player. He played as a defender from 1984 to 2005. He is most known for playing in the Premier League Arsenal. He made more than 400 appearances for the club and won 10 honours.
References
1966 births
English footballers
Living people
People from Oxford
Premier League players
Sportspeople from Oxfordshire
Diceware

Diceware is a method of creating passwords and cryptographic letters using ordinary dice as a random number generator.
Examples
Here are some examples created from diceware:
dobbs bella bump flash begin ansi
easel venom aver flung jon call
conjoined sterling securely chitchat spinout pelvis
rice immorally worrisome shopping traverse recharger
References
Cryptography
Computer security
Immenreuth

Immenreuth is a municipality in Tirschenreuth in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Tirschenreuth (district)
Rettenbach am Auerberg

Rettenbach am Auerberg is a municipality in Ostallgau in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Other websites
www.rettenbach-am-auerberg.de/
Ostallgau
Hiroyuki Omichi

Hiroyuki Omichi (born 25 June 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kashima Antlers.
Club career statistics
|-
|2006||rowspan="5"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|}
References
Kashima Antlers
1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Ibaraki Prefecture
Liverpool F.C.

Liverpool Football Club () (originally, Everton Athletics in 1892) is a professional men's association football team based in Liverpool, Merseyside, England. They play in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. They have won 1 FIFA Club World Cup title, 6 European Cups (an English club record), 4 UEFA Super Cups, 3 UEFA Cups , 19 League titles (including 1 Premier League title), 7 Men's FA Cups, a record 9 EFL Cups and 16 FA Community Shields.
History
Liverpool won their first League championship in 1901, and their second in 1906. Liverpool played their first FA Cup final in 1914, losing 1-0 to Burnley. The most recent FA Cup victory by Liverpool was achieved in 2021-22 season, increasing their tally to 8 FA Cups. The last domestic cup trophy Liverpool won was the EFL Cup in February 2022, after beating Chelsea, increasing Liverpool's tally to 9 League Cup. Liverpool have also won the Champions League six times, the most of any British side. Liverpool's 5th UCL success was in Istanbul in 2005. The game was won after Liverpool tied 3-3 with A.C. Milan, after being down 3-0 at half-time. The Reds then won the penalty shootout, partly due to goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek's saves. Liverpool F.C.'s 6th and most recent UCL success was in 2019 when they beat fellow Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur 2-0 in Madrid. Liverpool F.C. have won England's top-flight football league 19 times. Liverpool F.C.'s most recent trophy was won during the 2019-20 Premier League season, handing the club their first domestic title after thirty years, the last time being in the English First Division season of 1989-90. In other domestic competitions, Liverpool have won 15 Charity/Community Shields. Intentionally; Liverpool F.C. have won 4 UEFA Super Cup, 3 UEFA Cups & were crowned FIFA Club World Cup Champions in 2019 naming the Reds Champions of the World for the first time in club history.
Liverpool has had two tragedies in their history. The first was the Heysel Stadium disaster of 1985, which led to the death of 39 Juventus fans and the second was the Hillsborough disaster in 1989, which lead to the deaths of 96 Liverpool fans. The death toll was put up to 97 in 2021 when 55 year old Andrew Devine passed away due to sustaining brain damage during the disaster, meaning he was also unlawfully killed at Hillsborough.
Honours
Minor titles
Lancashire League
Winners (1): 1892-93
Sheriff of London Charity Shield
Winners (1): 1906
League positions
Former League Positions
First-team squad
Out on loan
Club captains
Since the establishment of the club in 1892, 45 players have been club captain of Liverpool F.C. Andrew Hannah became the first captain of the club after Liverpool separated from Everton and formed its own club. Alex Raisbeck, who was club captain from 1899 to 1909, was the longest serving captain before being overtaken by Steven Gerrard who served 12 seasons as Liverpool captain starting from the 2003-04 season. The present captain is Jordan Henderson, who in the 2015-16 season replaced Gerrard who moved to LA Galaxy.
References
1892 establishments in England
Beaufort-Blavincourt

Beaufort-Blavincourt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Eldiguzids

The Ildegizids, Eldiguzids (, ) or Ildenizids, also known as Atabegs of Azerbaijan ( Atabakan-e Azarbayjan, ) A historical state that ruled Azerbaijan, eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq, Iran and Jibali in 1136-1225.
History
The start of the dynasty is connected with Shamsaddin Eldaniz of Kipchak origin. Thus, Eldaniz, who took Arran as an iqta by Sultan Masud, soon spread his power throughout Azerbaijan. After his son Arslanshah also ruled in 1160, Eldaniz seized power in the Seljuk sultanate of Iraq. During the reign of Shamsaddin Eldaniz, the lands covered Arran, Azerbaijan, Shirvan, Cibal, Hamadan, Gilan, Mazandaran, Isfahan, Rey, Mosul, Kirman, Persia, Khuzistan, Akhlat, Erzurum and Maragha.ere a Turkic dynasty of Kipchak origin. They controlled most of northwestern Persia, eastern Transcaucasia, including Arran, most of Azerbaijan, and Djibal. At their biggest, the land they had was about most of north-western and upper-central modern Iran, most of the regions of modern Azerbaijan and smaller portions in modern Armenia, Turkey and Iraq.
The strengthening of the dynasty is connected with the period of Mohammad Jahan Pahlava. After the death of Sultan Arslanshah in 1175, Jahan Pahlavan, who brought his 7-year-old son Togrul III to power, declared himself his ancestor and, like Shamsaddin Eldaniz, took de facto power. Atabey Jahan Pahlavan suppressed revolts against the central government and established friendly relations with the ruling dynasties in the neighborhood. Since the period of Jahan Pahlava was a period of stability, cultural spheres developed in the lands under the rule of the Eldenizs. During the reign of the mentioned Atabey, the capital of the Eldenizs was moved from Nakhchivan to Hamadan.
Atabeg
Atabeg means "father lord" in Turkic languages. It was the title given to the Turkic officers of Seljuq dynasty. Atabegs were not only vice-regents, but also de-facto rulers.
List of Eldiguzids (Atabegs of Azerbaijan)
Shams al-Din Ildeniz or Eldiguz (ca.1135 or 1136-1174 or 1175)
Mohammed Jahan Pahlavan (1174 or 1175-1186)
Qizil Arslan (1186-1191)
Abu Bakr (1191-1210)
Uzbek (1210-1225)
References
Medieval Azerbaijan
History of Iran
Azerbaijani dynasties
Royal dynasties
Learning music by ear

Learning music by ear is learning to play a piece of music by listening to other people playing it and then trying to play it oneself. In some musical traditions there is no written music and everybody plays by ear all the time. Folk music is traditionally learned by listening to other musicians and copying them. This is how music is passed from one generation to another.
Most people in the Western musical tradition learn pieces and songs by reading music, but it is good to try to play music by ear sometimes. It can be a very useful skill.
The Suzuki method of learning instruments started in Japan but is now used in many countries. It teaches young children to play an instrument (usually the violin) by ear.
Music education
Musical performance techniques
The World Is Not Enough

The World Is Not Enough is a 1999 British spy action movie. It was directed by Michael Apted. It is the 19th movie in the James Bond franchise. It stars Pierce Brosnan, Sophie Marceau, Robert Carlyle, Denise Richards, Robbie Coltrane, Judi Dench and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Other websites
1999 action movies
1990s spy movies
James Bond movies
Movies set in Russia
Movies set in Spain
Movies set in Istanbul
Movies about nuclear war and weapons
MGM movies
Movies directed by Michael Apted
Khufu

Khufu was a Pharaoh (or leader) of Ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom. He was the Pharaoh of Egypt from around 2589 to 2566 B.C.E . Khufu was the second pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty. He is also thought to be the one who built the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Khufu's full name was "Khnum-Khufu" which means "the god Khnum protects me."
References
3rd-millennium BC pharaohs
Charles Kittel

Charles Kittel (July 18, 1916 - May 15, 2019) was an American physicist. He was a Professor at University of California, Berkeley from 1951 and was Professor Emeritus from 1978 until his death. He was born in New York City. Kittel was known for his works about RKKY interaction and for his Introduction to Solid State Physics textbook.
Kittel died on May 15, 2019 at the age of 102.
References
1916 births
2019 deaths
American physicists
American centenarians
Scientists from New York City
Writers from New York City
Sugar Island, Maine

Sugar Island is an island on Moosehead Lake in Maine.
Islands of the United States
Geography of Maine
Vitold Kreyer

Vitold Anatolievich Kreyer (, 12 October 1932 - 1 August 2020) was a Russian triple jumper. He competed in the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics and won bronze medals in 1956 and 1960. He won the Soviet title in 1960 and 1961 but failed to reach the finals at the 1958 and 1962 European Championships.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Triple jumpers
Soviet Olympic bronze medalists
Aplastodiscus weygoldti

Weygoldt's tree frog (Aplastodiscus weygoldti) is a frog. It lives in Brazil. Scientists have seen at about 650 m above sea level.
References
Frogs of South America
North Brentwood, Maryland

North Brentwood is a town in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.
Towns in Maryland
Shaun Abrahams

Shaun Abrahams is a South African lawyer and head of the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA). He was appointed to the position by president Jacob Zuma in 2015. On 13th August 2018, a South African Constitutional Court found the appointment by Zuma as invalid.
References
South African lawyers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Schwa (Cyrillic)

Schwa or Ay (@ @; italics: @ @) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, derived from the Latin letter schwa. It is currently used in Abkhaz, Bashkir, Dungan, Itelmen, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Kurdish, Uyghur and Tatar. It was also used in Azeri, Karakalpak, and Turkmen before those languages switched to the Latin alphabet.
Cyrillic letters
The Girl Code

"The Girl Code" is the 10th episode of The Simpsons 27th season. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on January 3, 2016. In the episode, Marge Simpson puts a photo on social media that gets her wife Homer fired from his job. Homer later gets a new job at a Greek restaurant. Lisa makes a program that will tell people what will happen if they put something on social media.
The episode was written by Rob LaZebnik and Chris Clements is the director of the episode. Stephen Merchant guest stars in the episode as Conrad, a character in Lisa's program. Kaitlin Olson is the voice of Lisa's coding teacher, Quinn Hopper. About 4.41 million people watched the episode when it was first broadcast.
References
Other websites
The Simpsons episodes
2010s television episodes
Chevannes, Yonne

Chevannes is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the middle of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Yonne department
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Selenium disulfide

Selenium disulfide, also known as selenious disulfide, selenous disulfide, or selenium(IV) disulfide is a chemical compound. Its formula should be SeS2. It contains selenium in its +4 oxidation state. It also contains sulfide ions.
Properties
Selenium disulfide is an orange solid.
Preparation
Selenium sulfide can be made by heating selenium and sulfur.
Uses
It is used to kill fungi that make dandruff in hair. It can also be used to treat fungal (from fungi) skin infections.
Related pages
Selenium tetrachloride
Selenium monochloride
Selenium compounds
Sulfur compounds
Spanish exonyms

This is a list of Spanish language exonyms.
Algeria
Andorra
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
China
Cyprus
Czechia
Denmark
Egypt
Estonia
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Haiti
Israel
Italy
Latvia
Lebanon
Libya
Lithuania
Morocco
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Serbia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Trinidad and Tobago
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
References
Lists of exonyms
Exonyms
Alcides Cuminetti

Alcides Cuminetti is a volleyball player from Argentina. Alcides competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 19 January 1960.
References
Other websites
1960 births
Living people
Argentine volleyball players
Argentine Olympians
Gemini Ganesan filmography

This article contains the entire filmography of Gemini Ganesan.
References
Other websites
Indian filmographies
Windows 95

Windows 95 is an operating system created by Microsoft. It was released in August 1995. It is the first version to be part of Windows 9x. Windows 95 added new features to the last Microsoft Windows. which was Windows 3.x. Windows 95 was the first Windows with the "Start" menu. Since then, the Start menu has been used in all Windows operating systems except Windows 8. It was also the first Windows that included ways to connect to the [Internet]. Although Windows 95 is thought of as an operating system by itself, it works over MS-DOS. Windows 95 is like a visual version of MS-DOS. This means that Windows 95 can run both MS-DOS programs and Windows ones, but programs made just for Windows 95 will not work in MS-DOS.
Windows 95 was Microsoft's first operating system to support long file names. Before that, file names could only be eight characters (letters, numbers, or symbols) long, plus the file extension. Windows 95 was also Microsoft's first operating system to fully support CD-ROMs, though Windows 3.x could also access CD-ROMs.
It was popular from 1995 until 1998, when Microsoft replaced it with Windows 98. Microsoft ended mainstream support for Windows 95 on December 31, 2000 and extended support ended 95 on December 31, 2001.
Editions
Windows 95 Retail
Windows 95 OSR 1 and SP1
Windows 95 OSR 2.0
Windows 95 OSR 2.1
Windows 95 OSR 2.5
References
Microsoft operating systems
Alabama Song

The "Alabama Song" comes from the 1930 operetta Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny. The music is by Kurt Weill; officially the lyrics are by Bertolt Brecht, but were probably actually written by Elisabeth Hauptmann. The lyrics for the "Alabama Song" are in English (although a specific type of English) and are performed in that language even when the opera is performed in its original German.
The song has often been covered, perhaps most famously in 1967 by The Doors; unsurprisingly, Jim Morrison changed the lyric "Show us the way to the next pretty boy" to "Show me the way to the next little girl."
1930s songs
1930 works
The Doors songs
David Bowie songs
Jean-Marie Doré

Jean-Marie Dore (12 June 1938 - 29 January 2016) was a Guinean politician. He was the Prime Minister of Guinea from January 2010 until December 2010.
Dore was the President of the Union for the Progress of Guinea (UPG). He was opposition leader for years before being chosen to lead a transitional government that was in place during the preparation and conduct of the 2010 presidential election.
Dore died in Conakry on 29 January 2016, at the age of 77.
References
1938 births
2016 deaths
Prime Ministers of Guinea
Celluloid

Celluloid is the name of a group of compounds made from nitrocellulose and camphor, plus dyes and other agents. It was the first thermoplastic. It was first called Parkesine in 1856, then Xylonite in 1869 and then Celluloid in 1870. Celluloid is easily molded and shaped.
It was first widely used as an ivory replacement, in billiard balls for example. In the early 20th century it was used in most photographic film. Celluloid catches fire very easily and also easily breaks down, and is no longer widely used. Its most common uses today are for making table tennis balls and guitar picks.
References
Organic compounds
Thermoplastics
West Nusa Tenggara

West Nusa Tenggara ( - NTB) is a province of Indonesia. It is the west part of the Lesser Sunda Islands except Bali. Bali is its own province. Mataram, on Lombok, is the capital and largest city of the province. In the 2010 census the population was 4,496,855. The area of the province is 19,708.79 km2.
The two largest islands in the province are Lombok in the west and Sumbawa in the east.
References
Other websites
Belsize Park

Belsize Park is an area in the London Borough of Camden in northwest London.
Areas of London
London Borough of Camden
Giganotosaurus

Giganotosaurus is a large theropod dinosaur. It lived during the Upper Cretaceous, about 99 - 97 million years ago in what is now Argentina. 70 percent of the skeleton has been found. Giganotosaurus was probably the second largest carnivorous dinosaur of all time. Another large carnivore, Mapusaurus, also lived in the same territory. They were both relatives of the North African Carcharodontosaurus.
The largest specimen is long, and tall at the hip. Its weight is estimated as .
Titanosaur fossils belonging to Andesaurus and Limaysaurus have been found near the remains of Giganotosaurus. The huge titanosaur Argentinosaurus also lived in the area. Probably, the titanosaurs were the main prey of the large theropods.
References
Carnosaurs
Prime Minister of Iraq

The Prime Minister of Iraq is the head of government of Iraq.
Under the new constitution the Prime Minister is the country's active executive leader.
Nouri al-Maliki (formerly Jawad al-Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014, al-Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al-Abadi to take his place.
On 28 October 2022, Mohammed Al Sudani became the current Prime Minister.
References
Ron Miles

Ron Miles (May 9, 1963 - March 8, 2022) was an American jazz trumpeter, cornetist, and composer. His career was based in Denver, Colorado. He was Denver's most well known jazz musicians. He was the co-ordinator of Jazz Studies at Metropolitan State University of Denver.
Miles died on March 8, 2022 at a hospital in Denver, Colorado from problems caused by polycythemia vera, a rare form of bone marrow cancer at the age of 58.
References
1963 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from bone marrow cancer
American composers
American jazz musicians
American trumpeters
Educators from Denver
Musicians from Indianapolis
Musicians from Denver
Les Authieux-sur-Calonne

Les Authieux-sur-Calonne is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Bloomsbury

Bloomsbury is an area of central London in the south of the London Borough of Camden.
Areas of London
London Borough of Camden
Raí

Rai (born 15 May 1965) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1984||rowspan="3"|Botafogo-SP||||13||1
|-
|1985||||25||1
|-
|1986||||0||0
|-
|1986||Ponte Preta||Serie A||10||1
|-
|1987||rowspan="7"|Sao Paulo||rowspan="7"|Serie A||8||1
|-
|1988||19||4
|-
|1989||15||3
|-
|1990||23||5
|-
|1991||22||7
|-
|1992||23||5
|-
|1993||0||0
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="5"|Paris Saint-Germain||rowspan="5"|Division 1||28||6
|-
|1994/95||26||12
|-
|1995/96||27||14
|-
|1996/97||35||9
|-
|1997/98||29||10
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Sao Paulo||rowspan="2"|Serie A||4||0
|-
|1999||15||1
177||29
145||51
322||80
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1987||11||2
|-
|1988||0||0
|-
|1989||0||0
|-
|1990||0||0
|-
|1991||5||2
|-
|1992||7||6
|-
|1993||16||2
|-
|1994||9||3
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
!Total||49||15
|}
References
1965 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Little blue heron

The Little blue heron (Egretta caerulea)) is a bird in the Ardeidae family.
References
Ardeidae
Birds of North America
Birds of South America
Exhibition

An exhibition is an organized event in which a collection of special objects can be viewed by the public. The objects are often brought together from many places for the period of the exhibition. The objects on show are called exhibits.
Museums often organize special exhibitions, such as paintings by a famous painter. These paintings will mostly be "on loan", i.e. specially borrowed from other museums. Exhibitions can be about anything. They may be to do with art, or they can also be science exhibitions.
Some exhibitions show things which can be bought. Firms exhibit the things they have made, hoping to encourage business. These exhibitions are called trade fairs. They are sometimes called expositions or expos. They may be open to the public, but others are just for invited business people.
Related pages
Art exhibition
The Great Exhibition
Convention center
World's Fair
200 BC

Year 200 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.
Events
By place
Seleucid Empire
Antiochus III's forces continue their invasion of Coele Syria and Palestine.
Greece
Philip V of Macedon's fleet defeat the Rhodians at Lade. His forces then advance into Pergamum, plundering Pergamese territory and attacking cities in Caria.
The Acarnanians, with Macedonian support, invade Attica.
The Roman ambassador to Greece, Syria, and Egypt, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus delivers an ultimatum to Philip V warning Macedonia not to make war on any Greek state. Philip decides to reject the Roman ultimatum and the Romans declare war on Macedon, thus starting the Second Macedonian War.
The Roman consul, Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus, asks Attalus I and his fleet to meet up with the Roman fleet off the Greek Aegean coast and they conduct a naval campaign against Philip V, harassing Macedonian possessions in and along the Aegean.
Roman Republic
Roman forces defeat the Gauls of Cisalpine Gaul in the Battle of Cremona.
The bacchanalia are wild and mystic festivals of the Roman god Bacchus which are introduced into Rome from lower Italy by way of Etruria (approximate date).
Bactria
Euthydemus I of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom dies and is succeeded by his son Demetrius I of Bactria (approximate date).
South America
The city of Tiwanaku is founded as a village near Lake Titicaca in modern Bolivia (approximate date).
The Early Horizon period in the Andes comes to an end as the Chavin culture vanishes and is succeeded by the Nazca culture (approximate date).
China
The construction of the Wei-Yang Palace in the Han Dynasty capital (Chang'an) begins.
The Hsiung-nu appear on the western borders of China.
The Han emperor Gaozu is defeated by the Xiongnu in the Battle of Baideng.
The Great Wall of China was completed.
By topic
Art
Alexander the Great, head from a Hellenistic copy of a statue, possibly after a 4th century BC original by Lysippos is made. It is now kept at the Archeological Museum in Istanbul, Turkey.
Lost-wax casting is known in China and Mesopotamia (approximate date).
Roman artists begin trying to produce the illusion of thin slabs of colored marble covering the walls, which are set off by actual architectural moldings and columns, in private houses. These attempts last for 120 years.
Astronomy
The first good measurement of the distance between Earth and the Sun is made by Eratosthenes (approximate date). By studying lunar eclipses, his result is roughly 150 000 000 km. The currently accepted value is 149 597 870 691 +- 30 metres.
In fiction
This year is used as the fourth time world (Amazon Jungle) in the video game The Lost Vikings II.
The Tribunal in Marianne Curley's Guardians of Time Trilogy is set up near Athens.
Births
Jia Yi, Chinese statesman and poet (d. 169 BC)
Deaths
Euthydemus I, King of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom from 223 BC (approximate date)
200s BC
Waldsassen

Waldsassen is a town in Tirschenreuth in the Upper Palatinate in Bavaria.
Geography
Waldsassen is the northernmost municipality of the Upper Palatinate. In the northeast, it borders the town of Cheb (Eger) in the Czech Republic. The historic tripoint of noble Altbayern, the Franconian lands of Bayreuth, and the Bohemian Egerland is near the village of Pechtnersreuth.
Twin towns and cities
Waldsassen is twinned with:
Marcoussis, France, since 1970
Pencoed, Wales, United Kingdom, since 1982
Notable people
Robert Kobler (1912-1970), pianist, organist and composer
Matthias Hamann (born 1968), football player and manager
Dietmar Hamann (born 1973), footballer
Sources
Other websites
Waldsassen Basilica: images
Waldsassen town official website
Waldsassen parish website
Tirschenreuth (district)
2000–01 Nordic Football Championship

The 2000-01 Nordic Football Championship was the 14th Nordic Football Championship. Six Nordic countries were in the tournament, Denmark, the Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Some of the tournament was played in Spain.
Results
Nordic Football Championship
2000 in association football
2001 in association football
2000s in Denmark
Faroe Islands
2000s in Finland
21st century in Iceland
2000s in Norway
2000s in Sweden
Brass

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Some types of brass are called bronzes.
Brass has a golden appearance. It is harder than pure metals and resists corrosion. It costs more than zinc.
There are some common brasses:
Alpha brasses - with less than 40% zinc
Beta brasses -
White brasses - with more than 45% zinc
Things brass are used to make include:
Brass instruments
Ornaments
Electrical fittings
Buttons
Screws
Taps
Hinges
Door knobs
Properties
Brass is more malleable than bronze or zinc. The melting point of brass can be 900 to 940 degC or 1,650 to 1,720 degF, depending on what it is made of. The density of brass is 8.4 to 8.73 g/cm3 (0.303 to 0.315 lb/cu in).
Today, almost 90% of all brass alloys are recycled. Brass is not ferromagnetic. Brass scrap is collected and transported to the foundry. In the foundry, it is melted and recast into billets. The billets are heated and stretched into the form and size that is wanted.
Brass will corrode when it is exposed to moisture, chlorides, acetates, ammonia, and some acids.
Brass alloys
There are many brass alloys. They include:
Abyssinian gold
Admiralty brass
Aich's alloy
Aluminum brass
Arsenical brass
Cartridge brass
Common brass
DZR brass
Delta metal
Free machining brass
Gilding metal
High brass
Leaded brass
Lead-free brass
Low brass
Manganese brass
Muntz metal
Naval brass
Nickel brass
Nordic gold
Orichalcum
Prince's metal
Red brass
Tombac
Silicon tombac
Tonval brass
Yellow brass
References
Alloys
Basic English 850 words
Linda McMahon

Linda Marie McMahon (nee Edwards; born October 4, 1948) is an American professional wrestling magnate and politician. She is the 25th Administrator of the Small Business Administration serving from February 14, 2017 to April 12, 2019. McMahon was active with the WWE (WWF until 2002) from 1980 to 2009. She has been married to Vince McMahon since 1966.
Early life
McMahon was born Linda Marie Edwards in New Bern, North Carolina, the daughter of Evelyn and Henry Edwards. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from East Carolina University.
WWE business career
McMahon was active with the WWE from 1980 to 2009. During this time, the company grew from a small regional business in the North East to a large multinational corporation.
As President and later CEO of the company, she created the company's civic programs, Get REAL and Smackdown Your Vote. She occasionally made on-screen appearances, most notably in a wrestling "feud" with her husband which climaxed at WrestleMania X-Seven. McMahon and her husband became wealthy through WWE's success, and the McMahon family name is now synonymous with the professional wrestling industry.
United States senate campaigns
In 2009, McMahon left the WWE to run as a Republican for a seat in the United States Senate from Connecticut, but lost to Democratic Party nominee Richard Blumenthal in the general election of 2010.
McMahon was the Republican nominee for Connecticut's other Senate seat in the 2012 race, but lost to Democratic Representative Chris Murphy.
Administrator of the Small Business Administration (2017 - 2019)
On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate McMahon to be the Administrator of the Small Business Administration when he takes office. McMahon was confirmed by the full Senate on February 14, 2017, with a vote of 81-19.
On March 29, 2019, it was officially made public by the Trump administration that McMahon would be stepping down as the Administrator of the Small Business Administration. The resignation took effect on April 12, 2019.
On April 15, 2019, McMahon was officially named Chairman of America First Action, a pro-Trump Super PAC.
Personal life
McMahon married Vince McMahon in 1966. Together they had two children: Shane and Stephanie. McMahon is a Roman Catholic.
References
Other websites
Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org (2010)
Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org (2012)
East Carolina University Alumni Profile
1948 births
Living people
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Administrators of the Small Business Administration
Politicians from North Carolina
Politicians from Connecticut
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Single (music)

In popular music marketing, a single is a record release with only one or two songs. The first song (usually the one given the most promotion, and heard more often in the media) is called an A-side, while any other song on the single is called a B-side.
The pairing of recordings on a single comes from the days of shellac and vinyl records, when discs had two playable sides. Modern compact disc singles may contain more than one version of either the A- or B-side, or sometimes an additional recording by the same performer. B-sides may be selections from an album, or songs not otherwise issued for sale.
Many times the chance to get a new song issued as an A-side creates competition between members of bands, or teams of songwriters. John Lennon and Paul McCartney of the Beatles tried to write better songs than each other, to get more A-sides than the other. George Harrison, also a Beatle, rarely had his songs chosen for singles, but had a hit with "Something" for the band.
In the days of vinyl singles, royalties for both A- and B-sides were paid equally. Many listeners never played B-sides more than once, and radio focused on A-sides. Many people who made recordings knew this, and used it to earn extra money from sales, or to promote other music they made. Phil Spector sometimes used short jam sessions by his studio band as B-sides to singles he produced.
Michael Nesmith of the Monkees wanted his songs to appear on Monkees singles. He would settle for B-sides, if he could not get an A-side. Don Kirshner, who oversaw the band's early music, wanted the B-sides to come from other songwriters who worked for him. Nesmith and Kirshner disagreed, and it caused tension for the Monkees and their company.
Records that include more than two or three songs are usually called EPs (for "extended play"), and may include four or more distinct songs, but not as many as on an album.
Related pages
Album
Extended play
Vinyl (or gramophone record)
Marketing
Songs
Crystal City, Missouri

Crystal City is a city in Jefferson County, Missouri. It is on the Mississippi River. The 2020 United States Census showed about 4,700 people living in the city.
Crystal City and nearby Festus are called the "Twin Cities of Missouri".
The original name for Crystal City was New Detroit. In the 1860s, PPG Industries, then known as the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, opened a glass manufacturing plant. The city was renamed after the business.
References
Cities in Missouri
Miltach

Miltach is a municipality in the district of Cham, which is located in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Cham (district)
Pat Weaver

Sylvester Laflin "Pat" Weaver, Jr. (December 21, 1908 - March 15, 2002) was an American radio advertising executive, who became president of NBC between 1953 and 1955. He has been well-known for his commercial broadcasting's format and philosophy as radio gave way to television as America's dominant home entertainment. He was married to Elizabeth Inglis from 1942 until his death in 2002, they had two children; a son Trajan Victor Charles and a daughter Sigourney Weaver.
Weaver was born in Los Angeles, California on December 21, 1908. He was the son of actor/director Sylvester Laflin Weaver, Sr. (1874-1964) and actress Eleanor Isabel Dixon (1879-1966), Sylvester Jr.'s grandfather was Peter Laflin Weaver (1841-1912), a businessman, his great-grandfather was Henry Laflin Weaver (1808-1894), also a businessman, his great-great-grandfather was Charles Laflin Weaver (1708-1816), a manufacturer, Sylvester, Jr. died on March 15, 2002 in his home in Santa Barbara, California from natural causes, he was 93 years old.
References
Other websites
The Museum of Broadcast Communications (formal bio)
Television Heaven (brief bio)
Pat Weaver: Television Advertising Visionary (biographical essay)
"NBC (Radio) Monitor" tribute
Sylvester Weaver interviewed by Mike Wallace on The Mike Wallace Interview
Laflin & Rand Powder Company
1908 births
2002 deaths
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Emmy Award winners
Asian Americans in Nevada

Asian Americans are an ethnic group in the US state of Nevada. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, Asian Americans were 9.1% of the state's population.
Demographics
References
Nevada
Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway

Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway (born Mette-Marit Tjessem Hoiby, , on 19 August 1973) is the wife of Crown Prince Haakon, heir apparent to the throne of Norway.
She was a controversial figure at the time of her engagement to Haakon in 2000. She became crown princess of Norway upon her marriage in 2001. In this role, she has championed humanitarian projects and arts, as well as taking part in official visits at home and abroad.
In October 2018 she was diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis, which will limit her official programmes.
25 August 2001 Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess of Norway
References
1973 births
Living people
Norwegian princesses
European philanthropists
Princesses by marriage
John Creighton (rugby union)

John Neville Creighton (10 March 1937 - 6 April 2022) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He played as a hooker. He played for Canterbury at a provincial level in over 100 games. He also played for the New Zealand national rugby union team making six appearances in 1962. Creighton was born in Rotherham, New Zealand.
Creighton died in Christchurch, New Zealand on 6 April 2022 at the age of 85.
References
1937 births
2022 deaths
New Zealand rugby union players
Neillsville, Wisconsin

Neillsville is a city in Clark County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, 2,463 people lived there. Meillsville is the county seat of Clark County.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . Of this, is land and is water.
History
The Ojibwa were the earliest known people to live in the Neillsville area.
The first European settlers in the area were James O'Neill and his party. They moved to the area around 1845. The group was looking for a place to build a sawmill on the Black River. The city was named O'Neill's Mill after James O'Neill. O'Neill Creek, which runs through the center of the city, was also named for him.
In 1854, O'Neill's Mill was made the county seat of Clark County.
Neillsville was platted on April 14, 1855 and incorporated in April 1882.
Neillsville is where well known architect William L. Steele died. Poor health made Steele retire from architecture in late 1946. He left his oldest son William L. Steele, Jr. and partner Josiah D. Sandham in charge of the business. Steele moved to Neillsville to live with one of his daughters. He died at her house on March 4, 1949.
Neillsville is featured in 1995 comedy movie Tommy Boy. The movie starred Chris Farley and David Spade. When Paul (Rob Lowe), Tommy's Stepbrother, changes the orders in the shipping computer, he changes the order for Nelson Automotive in Neillsville, Wisconsin.
References
Other websites
Official City of Neillsville website
Neillsville Area Chamber of Commerce
School District of Neillsville
Historical & Architechural Tour Of Neillsville
Cities in Wisconsin
Clark County, Wisconsin
County seats in Wisconsin
1882 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Wisconsin
The Bravest Revenge

The Bravest Revenge () is a 1970 Hong Kong action drama movie directed by Lung Chien and starring Polly Ling-Feng Shang-Kuan, Peng Tien and Yuan Yi.
Plot
Polly's father is murdered, and it's duty for her, her brothers and the King of Sword to revenge him.
References
Other websites
1970 action movies
1970 drama movies
Hong Kong movies
B
Ketchum, Oklahoma

Ketchum is a town of Oklahoma in the United States.
Towns in Oklahoma
Clairfayts

Clairfayts is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 361 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Ingrid of Sweden

Ingrid of Sweden (Ingrid Victoria Sofia Louise Margareta; 28 March 1910 - 7 November 2000) was Queen of Denmark from 1947 until 1972 as the wife of King Frederick IX.
She was also a paternal aunt of the present Swedish monarch, King Carl XVI Gustaf.
Other websites
Queen Ingrid at the website of the Royal Danish Collection at Amalienborg Palace
Queen Ingrid Exhibition at the Royal Danish Collection at Amalienborg Palace
Obituary in The Telegraph, 8 November 2000
1910 births
2000 deaths
People from Stockholm
Kings and Queens of Denmark
Kings and Queens consort
Swedish princesses
Marty Walsh

Martin Joseph "Marty" Walsh (born April 10, 1967) is an American politician. Walsh was the 29th United States Secretary of Labor from March 23, 2021 to March 11, 2023. He was the 54th Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts from 2014 until 2021. He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1997 until 2014 and representing the Thirteenth Suffolk district.
On January 7, 2021 then President-elect Joe Biden nominated Walsh to be United States Secretary of Labor under his administration. The nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 22, 2021, by a vote of 68-29.
On February 7, 2023, it was reported that Walsh would leave the Biden Cabinet to become head of the NHLPA, the NHL players' union.
References
1967 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Labor
Mayors of Boston
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Oulainen

Oulainen is a town in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. As of 28 February 2023, 7,018 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Alavieska, Haapavesi, Merijarvi, Pyhajoki, Raahe and Ylivieska.
Oulainen was founded in 1865.
Other websites
Town of Oulainen - Official website
1865 establishments in Europe
1860s establishments in Finland
Towns in Finland
Municipalities of North Ostrobothnia
Neutral Yer

Neutral Yer (Majuscule: , Minuscule: ) is used to transcribe ' or ' when it is not possible to tell the difference in a manuscript.[1]
Appearance
It has the appearance of Yer, with a hook at the top of the stem. In some fonts it appears identical to '.
Cyrillic letters
Colm Keane

Colm Keane (1951 - 22 January 2022) was an Irish author, broadcaster and journalist. He wrote 29 books, including eight No.1 Irish best-sellers. He was born in County Cork, Ireland. In the 1980s, he was hired to work with RTE Radio 1.
Keane died on 22 January 2022, aged 70.
References
1951 births
2022 deaths
Irish television presenters
Irish novelists
Irish journalists
People from County Cork
Joss paper

Joss paper is a type of paper that is burned as an offering during Chinese ancestral worship and in the worship of deities in Chinese folk religion. People believe it helps dead people get what they need in the afterlife. In Taiwan people spent US$400 million on Joss paper in 2014.
Different types of spirit money are given to distinct types of spirits. There are three main types of joss paper: cash (also known as copper), silver, and gold. Cash paper is given to newly deceased and unknown spirits. Golden joss paper is offered to deities such as the Jade Emperor. Silver joss paper is given only to ancestral spirits and other spirits. It is important to follow these distinctions. If you burn the wrong paper, it may confuse spirits or insult them.
Pictures
Related pages
Zhong Yuan Festival
Ancestral tablet
Sources
Adler, J. (2002). Chinese Religious Traditions. London: Laurence King Publishing, Ltd.
Asian Joss Paper: Rubber Trouble. Retrieved October 23, 2008 from http://rubbertrouble.com/joss.php
Burning of Joss Paper. Retrieved October 23, 2008 from https://web.archive.org/web/20070713050534/http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=720
Feuchtwang, S. (2001). Popular Religion in China. Surrey: Curzon Press.
Gates, H. (1987, July). Money for the Gods. Modern China, 13(3), 259-277. Retrieved from JSTOR database.
Hell bank notes - Library - Collection - Studio - Collectors Software. Retrieved October 23, 2008 from
Joss Paper. Retrieved October 24, 2008
Seaman, G. (1982 Fall). Spirit Money: An Interpretation. Journal of Chinese Religions.
Thompson, L. (1989). Chinese Religion. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Death customs
Bamboo
Articles containing Vietnamese-language text
Articles containing Chinese-language text
Ptychohyla

Ptychohyla is a genus. It is a group of frogs in the family Hylidae. They are called stream frogs or mountain stream frogs in English. These frogs live in southern Mexico and Central America. They live in the states of Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca and all the way south to Panama.
Species
These species are in Ptychohyla:
References
(1960): Synonymy, variation, and distribution of Ptychohyla leonhard-schultzei Ahl. Studies of American hylid frogs. IV - Herpetologica 16: 191-197
Other websites
[web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Ptychohyla. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: April 23, 2008).
Frogs of North America
Obersinn

Obersinn () is a market community in the Main-Spessart district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (Administrative Community) of Burgsinn.
Geography
Location
Obersinn is in the Wurzburg Region and is split into a Spessart half and a Rhon side by its namesake river, the Sinn. The landscape is filled with fields, meadows and, above all, beech forests.
The municipality has the following subdivisions (Gemarkungen, traditional rural cadastral areas): Obersinn, Burgjoss, Forst Aura.
References
Other websites
Obersinn in the Administrative Community's Web pages
Main-Spessart
Bill Finger

William "Bill" Finger (February 8, 1914 - January 18, 1974) was an American comic book writer and artist who helped create Batman, Green Lantern, and some villains along with Bob Kane and Jerry Robinson.
References
Other websites
Comic Book Artist #3 (Winter 1999): "The Bob Kane Letter" (September 14, 1965 open letter by Bob Kane)
1914 births
1974 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American cartoonists
American comics writers
American comics artists
Entertainers from New York City
Writers from New York City
DC Comics
Batman
Stephen T. Worland

Stephen Theodore Worland (19 February 1923 - 29 July 2017) was an American economist. He was a professor at the University of Notre Dame. Worland was known for his works on the history of economic thought, social economics, and welfare economics.
Worland was the author of the book Scholasticism and Welfare Economics, published by the University of Notre Dame Press in 1967. He also authored the Economics and Justice chapter in the book Justice: Views from the Social Sciences, edited by Ronald L. Cohen and published by Springer in 1986.
Worland was born in Neoga, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois. Worland died on 29 July 2017 at his home in Columbus, Indiana at the age of 94.
References
1923 births
2017 deaths
American economists
Academics from Indiana
Writers from Illinois