pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Long and short scales

The long and short scales are two of several large-number naming systems for integer powers of ten that use the same words with different meanings. The long scale is based on powers of one million (1,000,000), whereas the short scale is based on powers of one thousand (1,000).
For whole numbers less than a thousand million (< 109), the two scales are the same. From a thousand million up (>= 109), the two scales differ ever more, using the same words for different numbers, which can cause misunderstanding.
Short scale
Every next short "-illion" word greater than "million" is one thousand times as large as the previous term. Thus, a short:
"billion" (109) means a thousand million,
"trillion" (1012) means a thousand billion,
"quadrillion" (1015) means a thousand trillion, and so on. Thus, a short n-illion equals 103n + 3.
Long scale
Every next long "-illion" word greater than "million" is one million times as large as the previous term. So, the long:
"billion" (1012) means a million million,
"trillion" (1018) means a million billion,
"quadrillion" (1024) means a million trillion and so on. Thus, a long n-illion equals 106n.
Every "-illiard" word is one thousand times as large as the previous "-illion" word. So:
"milliard" (109) means a thousand million,
"billiard" (1015) means a thousand billion,
"trilliard" (1021) means a thousand trillion and so on. Thus, a long n-illiard equals 106n+3.
Use
Countries where the long scale is currently used include most countries in continental Europe and most that are French-speaking, Spanish-speaking (except Spanish-speakers born into an English-speaking culture, e.g. Puerto Rico, because of its influence from English-speaking United States) and Portuguese-speaking countries, except Brazil.
The short scale is now used in most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, in Brazil, in the former Soviet Union and several other countries.
Number names are rendered in the language of the country, but are similar everywhere due to shared etymology. Some languages, particularly in East Asia and South Asia, have large-number naming systems that are different from both the long and short scales, as for example the Indian numbering system.
For most of the 19th and 20th centuries, the United Kingdom largely used the long scale, whereas the United States used the short scale, so that the two systems were often referred to as British and American in the English language. After several decades of increasing informal British usage of the short scale, in 1974 the government of the UK adopted it, and it is used for all official purposes. With very few exceptions, the British usage and American usage are now the same.
The first recorded use of the words "short scale" () and "long scale" () was by the French mathematician Genevieve Guitel in 1975.
To lessen the confusion from the use of both short and long terms in any language, the SI recommends using the Metric prefix, which keeps the same meaning regardless of the country and the language. Long and short scales remain in use for counting money.
References
Numerals
Ian Ross

Ian 'Roscoe' Ross (24 June 194030 April 2014) was an Australian television news presenter. He worked in Seven News in Sydney and for the National Nine News. Ross was born in New South Wales, Australia.
Ross died on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia from pancreatic cancer, aged 73. He was divorced from his wife, by whom he had three children and he was in a relationship with a man and was bisexual. He is survived by his partner and children.
References
1940 births
2014 deaths
Australian LGBT people
Australian television presenters
Bisexual people
Cancer deaths in Queensland
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
LGBT broadcasters
People from New South Wales
Isques

Isques is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Mürwik

Murwik (also: Muerwik, Danish: Morvig) is a district of Flensburg. It is on the east side of the Flensburg Firth (estuary) on the peninsula of Angeln. It is well known for the Naval Academy Murwik with its sail training ship Gorch Fock. It was where the last government of Nazi Germany, called the Flensburg government led by Karl Donitz was located. It is also the location of the Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA), Germany's Federal Motor Transport Authority.
Geography
There are five communities in Murwik:
Stutzpunkt Flensburg-Murwik
Osbek (Danish: Osbaek)
Wasserloos (Danish: Vandlos)
Friedheim
Solitude (also: Solitude, Danish: Solitude)
The highest elevation of the district is about above sea level. Murwik also has some natural undeveloped areas, such as the nature reserve at Twedter field.
History
Murwik was first mentioned in 1734. The Naval Academy Murwik was opened 1 October 1910. At the start of World War I in August 1914, the academy was temporarily closed. The Germans thought the war would be short. It reopened in January 1915. Cadets spent three months training then would go to sea to train aboard cruisers. At the end of World War II, after Adolf Hitler committed suicide, Admiral Karl Donitz set up the last Nazi government at Flensburg-Murwik academy. A few days later Germany surrendered.
References
Flensburg
Scuol

Scuol is a municipality of the district Inn in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland. It is the largest municipality by area in Switzerland.
Scuol is a well known spa town and ski resort. It is the business center of the Unterengadin valley.
On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into the muncipality of Scuol.
References
Other websites
Scuol website
Scuol tourism office
Scuol hospital
Municipalities of Graubunden
Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland
Spa towns in Switzerland
Snow Patrol

Snow Patrol is an alternative rock band from Scotland and Northern Ireland. They are based in Glasgow and are signed to Polydor Records. Snow Patrol was started as an indie rock band, but began to play more alternative rock and pop songs. The band has released seven albums, Songs for Polarbears, Final Straw, When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up, Eyes Open, A Hundred Million Suns, Fallen Empires and Wildness. Eyes Open won the award for Best Irish Album at the National Irish Music Awards.
References
1994 establishments in the United Kingdom
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Alternative rock bands
Scottish rock bands
1990s establishments in Scotland
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome

Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS or MDDS) is any of a group of autosomal recessive disorders that cause a significant drop in mitochondrial DNA in affected tissues.
Symptoms can be any combination of myopathic, hepatopathic, or encephalomyopathic. These syndromes affect tissue in the muscle, liver, or both the muscle and brain, respectively. The condition is typically fatal in infancy and early childhood, though some have survived to their teenage years with the myopathic variant and some have survived into adulthood with the SUCLA2 encephalomyopathic variant.
There is currently no cure for any form of MDDS, though some preliminary treatments have shown a reduction in symptoms.
References
Genetic disorders
Death-grip syndrome

Death-grip syndrome means being unable to ejaculate when having sex because of aggressive masturbation.
References
Human sexuality
Bagale Thapa

Bagale Thapa or Bagalya Thapa () is a prominent Kshatriya clan within Khas Thapa. Bagale Thapa belong to Atreya Gotra and Suryavansha (solar) dynasty in Hinduism. They trace their ancestry to legendary Khas King Kalu Thapa since Saka Era 1111 or Vikram Samvat 1246. Bagale Thapa were powerful family while living at Jumla as per Gorkha Rajbanshawali, the Royal Genealogy of Gorkha Kingdom.
Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa belonged to this clan. Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa, the grandson of Kaji Birbhadra Thapa, also belonged to this clan. His niece Lalit Tripura Sundari and nephew Mathabarsingh Thapa went on to become Queen and Prime Minister of Nepal respectively. War commander Ujir Singh Thapa, General Ranabir Singh Thapa and Colonel Bakhtawar Singh Thapa also belonged to this clan being family members of PM Bhimsen Thapa.
References
Books
Surnames
Schmalkalden-Meiningen

Schmalkalden-Meiningen is a Landkreis (rural district) in the west of Thuringia, Germany.
History
The district was created in 1994 by joining the old districts of Schmalkalden, Meiningen and part of Suhl-Land.
Partnerships
The district has a partnership with the Vogelsbergkreis in Hesse, as well as with the Komitat Pest in Hungary.
Coat of arms
Towns and municipalities
References
Other websites
Official website (German)
Bentonite

Bentonite is a kind of clay. Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash. It is volcanic ash mixed with water under pressure.
The different types of bentonite have different proportions of sodium, calcium or potassium. They can absorb quite a lot of water, and are used as fillers and/or lubricators in various industries. The clay is used for many practical purposes.
Sedimentary rocks
Sodium compounds
Calcium compounds
Potassium compounds
Natural materials
Shoji Uchida

Shoji Uchida is a Japanese modern pentathlete. Shoji competed at the 1976 and 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on June 25, 1949.
References
Other websites
1949 births
Living people
Japanese modern pentathletes
Japanese Olympians
Volodymyr Holubnychy

Volodymyr Stepanovych Holubnychy (; 2 June 1936 - 16 August 2021) was a Soviet and Ukrainian race walker. He won four Olympic medals: two gold (1960, 1968), one silver (1972) and one bronze (1964). He was born in Sumy, Ukrainian SSR.
Holubnychy died on 16 August 2021, aged 85.
References
1936 births
2021 deaths
Ukrainian athletes
Soviet athletes
Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Soviet Olympic silver medalists
Soviet Olympic bronze medalists
Racewalkers
Perry Christie

The Rt. Hon. Perry Gladstone Christie, PC, MP (born 21 August 1943), is a Bahamian politician. He has been the Prime Minister of the Bahamas from May 2012 to May 2017. He was also Prime Minister from 2002 to 2007. He is also a former athlete. He was the leader of the PLP
References
1943 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of the Bahamas
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Suina

The suborder Suina (also known Suiformes) contains perhaps the earliest and most archaic even-toed ungulates.
Classification
This suborden Suina includes family Suidae (pigs, hogs) and the family Tayassuidae (peccaries). Older morphogical studies also identified family Hippopotamidae (hippos) among the Suina.
Related pages
Cetartiodactyla
Even-toed ungulates
Basilicata

Basilicata is a region in the south of Italy. The capital is Potenza. The population was about 597,768 in 2004. The region is very mountainous. Because of this, communication in the area was very difficult until modern times. This has also caused Basilicata to be one of the least developed areas of Italy. Basilicata borders the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Gulf of Taranto at its lowest elevations. The highest point in the area is Monte Pollino at 2233m (7325ft). The area also includes a dead volcano, Monte Vulture. The region has an area of .
Basilicata also used to be one of the poorest regions in Italy. It has become richer over the past couple of years because of the discovery of oil.
Provinces
Basilicata is divided into two provinces.
Matera
Potenza
Other websites
Official Site (IT)
Levee

A levee, or levee, is a raised bank of a river. The levee or dyke is a protection against floods. There are two types of levee: riverdykes and seadykes.
The seadyke was invented in Holland in 1277. Rotterdam is largely below sea level, but is protected by its dykes. It is quite clear now that other coastal cities are going to need protection from the sea.
The first dykes were built in ancient Mesopotamia. The levees they used were earth walls and gave protection against the meltwater. 3000 years ago levees were used in ancient Egypt for irrigation systems.
'Levee' comes from the French verb lever, "to raise". Other names are 'floodbank' or 'stopbank'. It is a natural or artificial wall, usually earthen, and often parallels the course of a river. The term "levee" came into English use in New Orleans around 1672. The word 'dyke' or 'dike' comes from the Dutch word dijk.
The general term for devices such as dykes is "flood control". Another useful term is "embankment", which is used to build up banks of a river
The lower River Thames was a broad, shallow waterway winding through malarious marshlands. It has been transformed into a deep, narrow tidal canal. Floods from the North Sea are held back at the Thames Barrier.
A downside of levees
Artificial levees may lead to an elevation of the natural river bed over time. Alluvial rivers with intense accumulations of sediment may do this. The river bed may get higher than the adjacent ground surface behind the levees. This is so in the Yellow River in China, and the Mississippi in the United States.
Earthworks
There are many earthworks. Some are not related to rivers or water.
Car Dyke, a Roman boundary ditch in Eastern England
Devil's Dyke, one of several ancient embankments or ditches
Foss Dyke, a Roman canal in England linking the River Trent to the River Witham at Lincoln
Offa's Dyke, historic earthwork dividing Mercia from Wales
Wansdyke (earthwork), dividing Wessex from the lands south west of it
Wat's Dyke, An earthwork running through the northern Welsh Marches from Basingwerk Abbey to Maesbury
Geological features
A separate page deals with Dyke (geology)
The Great Dyke, a mineral-rich feature that runs through Zimbabwe
Mount Desire Dyke, an igneous intrusion in South Australia
Draining and reclaiming land
There is a long history of land being reclaimed from the sea (for example in Holland), and marshlands being drained to make them good farming land (southern England). In many places water is held back by sluices. Sluice is a word for a channel controlled at its head by a movable gate. The gate is called a sluice gate.
Dredging: the alternative approach
Dredging is lowering the base of a river. It is another approach to the problem of rising water levels. Of course, it can and is used together with levees as a standard method. We all know that rivers drop sediment as they flow, and all main rivers are regularly dredged. Dredging has the disadvantage of disturbing the life at the bottom of rivers, but it will certainly be used more in future.
Other websites
Levees.Org (activist group in New Orleans to Hold the Corps Accountable)
References
Landforms
Flood control
Catuskoti

Catuskoti is the idea in Buddhism that statements can be either true, false, both true and false, or neither true nor false.
References
Buddhist terminology
Labia majora

The labia majora (singular: labium majus) are two well known areas where the skin folds that extend downward and backward from the mons pubis to the perineum. Together with the labia minora they form the labia of the vulva.
The labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum.
References
Other websites
Labia Majora Medical Definition
Female reproductive system
Sean Hughes

Sean Hughes (born John Hughes; 10 November 1965 - 16 October 2017) was an English-born Irish stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He starred in his own Channel 4 television show Sean's Show and was one of the regular team captains on the BBC Two musical panel game Never Mind the Buzzcocks. He was born in London.
Hughes died on 16 October 2017 from cardiac arrest complicated by cirrhosis of the liver in London, aged 51.
References
Other websites
- official site
Sean Hughes at the British Film Institute
Sean Hughes on Chortle
1965 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cirrhosis
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Irish movie actors
Irish television actors
Irish comedians
Comedians from London
Egyptian cobra

The Egyptian cobra (naja haje) is a type of poisonous cobra. It was worshiped by the Ancient Egyptians. It lives in both North Africa and Southwestern Asia. It is one of the most venomous snakes in the world. Egyptian cobras can grow up to 5 feet or 6 feet, 8 inches (1.5-2 m) and have been seen as large as 8 feet in some areas. Recently, a man was sentenced to a year in jail and a fine of $17,000 for owning an Egyptian cobra. Small symbols of Egyptian cobras were included in the crown of the pharaohs.
References
Elapidae
Reptiles of Africa
Ermoupolis

Ermoupolis is a Greek town. It is on the island Syros and it is the capital of Cyclades islands. Ermoupolis has 13.496 people. Ermoupolis has many beautiful old buildings which note the wealth, which there was in the past. Several buildings have a big architectural value, such as ermoupolis' town hall and Apollon theater. Around Ermoupolis there are many places where Catholic people live. The existence of Catholic people has dates back in the Franks and Venetian rule in Middle Ages.
History
Ermoupolis was founded in the first decades of 19th century and it was developed quickly. Ermoupolis was built next to the Catholic old town Ano Syros. Soon, it became the biggest port of Greece and an important commercial center. The development of the city stopped when Piraeus port developed.
Interesting destinations
Ermoupolis has many interesting places, which the visitors can see. Near Ermoupolis there are many beautiful villages and beaches. Near Syros are the islands, Mykonos and Tinos which they are very touristic.
Cities in Greece
Otter Media

Otter Media Holdings, LLC is an American digital media company. It is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. It owns Rooster Teeth. It holds an ownership stake in Gunpowder & Sky with Floris Bauer. Until 2022, the company was owned by AT&T subsidiary WarnerMedia.
References
Other websites
Companies based in Santa Monica, California
Mendota Heights, Minnesota

Mendota Heights is a city in Dakota County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Ternopil Oblast

Ternopil Oblast () is an oblast (province) of western Ukraine. The administrative centre is Ternopil. The population of Ternopil Oblast was 1,075,000 in 2013.
References
Oblasts of Ukraine
Kanifing (Gambia)

Kanifing is one of eight Local Government Areas in The Gambia. The municipality has the most people of any of the administrative districts in Gambia. It is immediately west of the City of Banjul. It includes Serrekunda, the largest urban area in the Gambia.
Local Government Areas of the Gambia
President of Ukraine

The President of Ukraine (, Prezydent Ukrayiny) is the Ukrainian head of state. The President represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties.
The current president is Volodymyr Zelenskyy.
List
Living presidents
Government of Ukraine
Oelwein, Iowa

Oelwein is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Shoya Nakajima

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Nakajima was born in Hachioji on August 23, 1994. He joined J2 League club Tokyo Verdy from their youth team in 2012. In 2014, he moved to Kataller Toyama and played as regular player. In August 2014, he moved to J1 League club FC Tokyo. In September 2017, he moved to Portuguese Primeira Liga club Portimonense. He scored 10 goals in the 2017/18 season. In February 2019, he moved to Qatar Stars League club Al-Duhail. In September 2019, he moved to Primeira Liga club Porto. Porto won the champions in the 2019/20 season. However he could not play many matches in the 2020/21 season. In January 2021, he moved to UAE Pro League club Al-Ain.
In 2011, Nakajima was selected the Japan U-17 national team for 2007 U-17 World Cup. In 2016, he played for the Japan U-23 national team at 2016 AFC U-23 Championship. Japan won the champions and qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics. At 2016 Summer Olympics, he played all 3 matches as left midfielder. On March 23, 2018, he debuted and scored a goal for the Japan national team against Mali. However he was not selected the Japan for 2018 World Cup. After the 2018 World Cup, he became a regular player as left midfielder under new manager Hajime Moriyasu and was given "number 10" shirt for the Japan. In 2019, he played at 2019 Copa America. He played 19 games and scored 5 goals for Japan until 2019.
Statistics
|-
|2012||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J2 League||8||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||10||4
|-
|2013||21||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|-
|2014||Kataller Toyama||J2 League||28||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||30||2
|-
|2014||rowspan="4"|FC Tokyo||rowspan="4"|J1 League||5||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2015||13||1||2||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|2016||12||3||2||1||4||2||0||0||18||6
|-
|2017||21||2||1||1||7||3||colspan="2"|-||29||6
|-
|2015||J.League U-22||J3 League||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2016||FC Tokyo U-23||J3 League||7||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2017/18||rowspan="2"|Portimonense||rowspan="2"|Primeira Liga||29||10||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||33||10
|-
|2018/19||13||5||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||5
|-
|2018/19||Al-Duhail||Stars League||7||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||6||1||16||2
|-
|2019/20||rowspan="2"|Porto||rowspan="2"|Primeira Liga||16||0||4||1||3||0||5||0||28||1
|-
|2020/21||4||0||1||0||0||0||4||0||9||0
|-
|2020/21||Al-Ain||Pro League||||||||||||||||||||
118||14||11||2||13||6||0||0||142||22
62||15||7||1||6||0||9||0||84||16
7||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||6||1||16||2
||||||||||||||||||
187||30||21||3||19||6||15||1||242||40
|}
|-
|2018||6||2
|-
|2019||13||3
|-
!Total||19||5
|}
References
Other websites
1994 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Tokyo Verdy players
Kataller Toyama players
FC Tokyo players
FC Tokyo U-23 players
J.League U-22 Selection players
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Claude Samuel

Claude Samuel (23 June 1931 - 14 June 2020) was a French music critic and radio personality. He was born in Paris.
He worked for many newspapers of the daily press (Paris-Presse, from 1961 to 1970; Le Matin de Paris, from 1977 to 1987), of the weekly press (L'Express in 1959 and 1960; Le Nouveau Candide from 1961 to 1967; Le Point, from 1974 to 1989), the monthly press (Revue Realites, and discs collection Philips-Realites from 1957 to 1960) and the music press (Harmonie, Le Panorama de la Musique, Musiques, La Lettre du musicien, Diapason).
Samuel died on 14 June 2020 in Paris, aged 88.
References
1931 births
2020 deaths
French journalists
Businesspeople from Paris
French radio personalities
French music critics
Writers from Paris
Edward Adelbert Doisy

Edward Adlebert Doisy (November 13, 1892 - October 23, 1986) was an American biochemist. He won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Henrik Dam, for the discovery of Vitamin K.
References
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Illinois
1893 births
1986 deaths
Peterhead

Peterhead is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is Aberdeenshire's largest settlement, having a population of 17,947 at the 2001 Census. Peterhead sits at the easternmost point in mainland Scotland. Peterhead is often referred to as 'The Blue Toon' and people who were born there as Blue Tooners. More correctly they are called Bloomogganners, supposedly from the blue worsted stockings that the fishermen originally wore.
Sport
Peterhead F.C. are a Scottish Football League side who currently play in the Second Division.
Twin town
Alesund, Norway
References
Other websites
Peterhead's Official Website
The unofficial guide to Peterhead
Photographs and forum live webcams showing life in a rural garden
Peterhead News Site
Local Authority Covering Peterhead Area
Towns in Aberdeenshire
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Port cities and towns of Scotland
Alma, Missouri

Alma is a city in Lafayette County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Thai people

Thai people, formerly known as Siamese, are the main ethnic group of Thailand. They are part of the larger Tai group of peoples living in Southeast Asia, southern China and north-east India. They speak the Thai language, which has several regional variations. Most Thai people are followers of Theravada Buddhism.
"Thai people" usually refers to central and southern Thai (Tai Siam), northern Thai (Lanna) and Isan people. However, the term has a loose meaning and can sometimes refer to any person from Thailand, not only ethnic Thais.
About 60 million live in Thailand. Large populations have lived in Laos, Malaysia, Cambodia and Myanmar for many years.
Thai people most likely originally come from the province of Guangxi in China. Tai peoples began to move south some time between the 8th and 10th centuries. They settled in the valley of the Chao Phraya River. They became heavily influenced by Mon and Khmer and became Buddhist. Early Thai states included the Sukhothai Kingdom and Suphan Buri Province. The Thai were called "Siam" by the Khmer, and were ruled by the Khmer Empire. The Thai people began growing in power after they built Ayutthaya.
References
Ethnic groups in Asia
Goodies (song)

Goodies is a song recorded by American singer Ciara and rapper Petey Pablo for Ciara's debut album Goodies (2004) and written by Ciara, Sean Garrett, LaMarquis Jefferson, Craig Love and Jonathan Smith. "Goodies" is a combination of hip hop, crunk and R&B. The song's lyrics are about female empowerment and virginity. The protagonist does not want to an object, while performing over a complex beat. The song's protagonist rejects a male's sexual advances, proclaiming that he will never get her "goodies" because "they stay in the jar".
Official versions
Alternate version featuring T.I. and Jazze Pha (bonus track on Goodies)
Alternate version featuring Mia X
Bimbo Jones full vocal
Extended version featuring Petey Pablo, Lil' Jon, and Ludacris
Richard X Remix (featuring M.I.A.)
Acapella
Instrumental
Johnny Toobad remix
Formats and track listings
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Goodies."
US digital download
"Goodies" featuring Petey Pablo
UK CD single number one
"Goodies" featuring Petey Pablo
"Goodies"
UK CD single number two
"Goodies" featuring Petey Pablo
"Goodies" featuring T.I. and Jazze Pha
"Goodies (Richard X Remix)" featuring M.I.A.
"Goodies (Bimbo Jones Remix)"
"Goodies" (video)
"Goodies" (ringtone)
German and French maxi single
"Goodies" featuring Petey Pablo
"Goodies"
"Goodies" featuring T.I. and Jazze Pha
French CD single
"Goodies" featuring Petey Pablo
"Goodies" featuring T.I. and Jazze Pha
Personnel
Recording
Hitco, Atlanta, Georgia and Circle House Studios, Miami, FL and Sony Music Studios, NYC
Credits
Ciara -- vocals
Petey Pablo -- vocals
Lil Jon -- additional vocals, production, mixing, drum programming, sound design
Sean Garrett -- vocal production
Charles Sanders -- engineer
Steve Nowacynski -- engineer
Brian Stanley -- engineer
Ray Seay -- mixing
Brian Stanley -- mixing
Craig Love -- guitar
Lamarquis Jefferson -- bass guitar
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
All-time charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2004 songs
Debut singles
Ciara
Hip hop songs
R&B songs
Songs about sexuality
Billboard Hot 100 number one songs
William Katt

William Theodore Katt (born February 16, 1951) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for playing Ralph Hinkley in The Greatest American Hero.
Katt was born to Bill Williams and Barbara Hale in Los Angeles.
Other websites
1951 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Abid Hamid Mahmud

Abid Al-Hamid Mahmud al-Tikriti ( 21 September 1957 - June 7, 2012) was an Iraqi lieutenant general under Saddam Hussein's deposed regime, and he was Saddam's bodyguard. He was executed on June 7, 2012.
1957 births
2012 deaths
Executed people
Iraqi generals
Mirante do Vale

Mirante do Vale is a skyscraper in Sao Paulo, Brazil. It is 170 meters (558 feet) tall and has 51 floors. It was built in 1960.
Related pages
Downtown Sao Paulo
Paulista Avenue
Other websites
Mirante do Vale Official Page
Skyscrapers in Brazil
Sao Paulo
1960 establishments
1960s establishments in Brazil
Dendropsophus cerradensis

The Dendropsophus cerradensis is a frog that lives in Brazil.
References
Frogs of South America
Undertow (1949 movie)

Undertow is a 1949 American crime thriller movie directed by William Castle and starring Scott Brady, John Russell, Dorothy Hart, Peggy Dow, Bruce Bennett, Rock Hudson. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Other websites
1949 crime movies
1940s thriller movies
1940s American crime thriller movies
Movies directed by William Castle
Universal Pictures movies
Akshaye Khanna

Akshaye Vinod Khanna (born 28 March 1975) is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi movies. He has received two Filmfare Awards and is the son of late actor Vinod Khanna. After studying in Kishore Namit Kapoor Acting Institute in Mumbai, he made his acting debut in Bollywood in 1997 with the movie Himalay Putra. His next release Border (1997) emerged as a critical and commercial success, earning him the Filmfare Best Debut Award and a nomination for Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Khanna became famous with starring roles in the musical romantic drama Taal (1999), the comedy drama Dil Chahta Hai (2001) which won him a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor, the romantic thriller Humraaz (2002) for which he was nominated in the Best Negative Role category, the romantic comedies Hungama (2003) and Hulchul (2004), the murder mystery 36 China Town (2006), the action thriller Race (2008) and the heist comedy Tees Maar Khan (2010), and he continued to draw praise for his performances in the 1999 romance Dahek, the 2002 psychological thriller Deewangee, the 2007 biographical drama Gandhi, My Father and the 2010 action thriller movie Aakrosh.
In 2016, after a four-year break from acting, he came back and played an antagonist in the action-comedy movie Dishoom and appeared as an investigative cop in two 2017 thrillers, the crime movie Mom and the murder mystery Ittefaq.
Actors from Mumbai
1975 births
Living people
2020 United States Senate election in Mississippi

An election happened on November 3, 2020 to elect a Senator from the U.S. state of Mississippi. The main two people in the election were Cindy Hyde-Smith (Republican Party) and Mike Espy (Democratic Party). Hyde-Smith won the election and stayed as Senator.
Primary elections happened on March 10, 2020. There were three people in the Democratic Party primary: Mike Espy, Tobey Bartee, and Jensen Bohren. Espy won this primary. Only Cindy Hyde-Smith was in the Republican Party primary as she was already a Sneator. The Libertarian Party chose Jimmy Edwards for the election.
Democratic Party primary
Republican Party primary
Other candidates
Libertarian Party
Nominee
Jimmy Edwards
Results
References
2020 United States Senate elections
2020s in Mississippi
Droupt-Saint-Basle

Droupt-Saint-Basle is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Droupt-Saint-Basle
Lu Verne, Iowa

Lu Verne is a city in Iowa in the United States.
It is part of two different counties, Humboldt County, Iowa and Kossuth County, Iowa
In the 2010 census, they said the population was 261.
Cities in Iowa
Airplane

An airplane, also known as an aeroplane or just plane, is a fixed-wing aircraft. It moves by thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. Airplanes come in many shapes and sizes. Airplanes could be used for recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research. They can move much faster than road, rail or sea transport, and so they are often the choice for long distances.
Commercial aviation transports more than four billion passengers annually on airliners and transports more than 200 billion kilometres of cargo every year, which is less than 1% of the world's cargo movement. Most airplanes are flown by a pilot on board the aircraft, but some are airplanes made to be remotely or computer-controlled such as drones.
Airplanes fly between many cities all over the world, carrying people and cargo. Big cities usually have an international airport, where large airplanes can land and take off safely. Some large cities like New York City and London have more than one airport. Two major makers of airplanes are Airbus and Boeing.
Statistics show that riding in a plane is safer than driving in a car.
Food
People make jokes about airline food, because they say it tastes bad. While travelling on an airliner at a high altitude, it can cause dryness. Because of the low pressure, a person's taste buds are around 30% less sensitive to sweet and salty foods.
Wings
The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are static planes extending either side of the aircraft. When the aircraft travels forwards, air flows over the wings, which are shaped to create lift. This shape is called an airfoil and is shaped like a bird's wing.
Uses
Transport
Fixed-wing aircraft have long been used as airliners for moving passengers from place to place. Cargo aircraft carry cargo across seas and long distances, and passenger aircraft also carry some cargo.
War
The first aircraft for war bombing was used in Libya in 1911 by Italy against the Ottoman Empire (ItaloTurkish War). Some fixed-wing aircraft are used by air forces to defend countries. These may be fighter aircraft, using guns or missiles for combat with other aircraft. They may be bombers, dropping bombs on ground targets.
Fixed-wing aircraft allow people to travel longer distances, and faster than ships or trains. Aircraft can fly from New York to London in about 7 hours. It would take one week or more on a ship. Militaries use airplanes to carry their soldiers quickly from place to place.
Airplanes are also used by the military to see many things on the ground easily. This is called surveillance or reconnaissance. Often, fixed-wing aircraft will take photographs as well, which can be used for military planning later. This role is now being taken over by drones, which are automatic planes.
Impact
Fossil fuel-powered aircraft release soot and other pollutants into the atmosphere. They burn fossil fuel which releases CO2 emissions, and has warming non-CO2 effects due to nitrogen oxides (NOx), vapor trails and cloud formation.
Image gallery
References
Aircraft
Calotropis procera

Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera) is a species of plant. It is also known as Roostertree. It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.
It is native to North Africa, Central Africa, Western Asia, South Asia, and Indochina. It has been naturalized in Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Hawai'i, and southern California.
Other websites
Calotropis procera at USDA PLANTS Database
Apocynaceae
Plants of Asia
Gideon Mensah

Gideon Mensah (born 18 July 1998) is a Ghanaian professional footballer. He plays as a defender for Ligue 1 club Auxerre . He also represents the Ghana national team.
Career
He started his career with the West African Football Academy (WAFA). He played his first match in the Ghana Premier League in 2015.
In July 2016 he went to Austria and joined FC Liefering which played in the Second Austrian League. 2017 he won the UEFA Youth League with the U19 team of FC Salzburg.
In January 2019, Mensah joined Sturm Graz on loan until the end of the season. On 29 August 2019 he went on to the Belgian club S.V. Zulte Waregem for the 2019-20 season. On 3 August 2021 Mensah joined FC Girondins de Bordeaux on a season-long loan until the end of the season.
International career
Mensah made his debut for the Ghana national team in the 2021 AFCON qualifier against South Africa in 2019. He was part of the Ghana national team in the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations. With Ghana he is qualified for the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Katar.
Other websites
References
1998 births
Living people
Ghanaian footballers
Association football defenders
Players of FC Liefering
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Libyan Civil War (2011)

The Libyan Civil War is a civil war in Libya that began in the year 2011. It began in the middle of February 2011. Many Libyans were inspired by the uprisings in neighbouring countries, such as Tunisia and Egypt. They violently protested against the government. Colonel Muammar Gaddafi sent troops and tanks to break up the rebellion. Al-Qaeda started bombing, and rebels began forming their own government. The war led to the death of Gaddafi in October, and of thousands of other people.
Beginning of Conflict Against Gaddafi
The conflict began with series of demonstrations and riots. There were many small protests of about 300-500 people throughout January. Major protests did not begin until 14 February 2011. The demonstrations were protesting against the Government of Libya and its leader Muammar al-Gaddafi. The conflict grew as thousands of people joined the protests. Gaddafi vowed to hunt them down and "clean Libya house by house" until all rebels are gone. However, some of Gaddafi's soldiers began joining the rebels in protest. The protests are thought to have been inspired by the successful uprising in Tunisia and Egypt.
According to NBC News Chief Foreign Correspondent, Richard Engel, who entered Libya and had reached the city of Tobruk on 22 February 2011 was quoted as saying, "the protest movement is no longer a protest movement, it's a war. It's open revolt." and on 22 February, The Economist described the protests as an "uprising that is trying to reclaim Libya from the world's longest-ruling autocrat". On 21 February, the Libyan Air Force aircraft attacked civilian protesters in Tripoli which caused international condemnation. By this time, over 300 to 2,000 were dead and over 5,000 were injured.
Armed conflict
There were small battles until February 24, when Gaddafi sent tanks and troops into Misrata and attacked. Then, on March 6, launched a counter-offensive against Rebels. This lasted until 12 March. He regained Ra's Lanuf and Brega. The Rebels gained power when NATO and other countries began bombarding Gaddafi's forces with attack aircraft.
The Rebels' launched a counter-offensive on March 27 that lasted until April 1. The Rebels regained a few cities.
The Battle of Misrata was the fiercest battle in the civil war. The Hamza Brigade fought for Gaddafi against the Rebels from 24 February to 12 March. The Khamis Brigade, run by Gaddafi's son Khamis, rolled in and nearly destroyed the entire city. The rebels won the battle and took control of the city.
End
The rebels also won in Benghazi and other places. They took Tripoli in August. In October the fighting diminished, and the rebels declared victory. His enemies killed Gaddafi on 20 October 2011.
References
2011 in Africa
2010s in Libya
Civil wars involving Africa
2010s conflicts
Maaseik

Maaseik is a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg.
In 2007, 23879 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 05 North, 05deg 47 East.
References
Municipalities of Limburg
Sukhothai

Sukhothai is a town in the lower portion of northern Thailand. It is about 440 km from Bangkok. There are about 6,596.092 km2 of the area.
Weather
The general weather of Sukhothai follows the influence of the southwest monsoon and the northeast monsoon. Seasons are separated into 3 seasons: summer, rainy and winter.
The average temperature is about 27.6 degree Celsius; the average high is 33.0 degree Celsius; and the average low temperature is 22.2 degree Celsius. The average quantity of rain water is about 1,208.88 millimeters.
References
Towns in Thailand
2023 Ecuadorian general election

Snap general elections are scheduled to be held in Ecuador in August 2023. Current president Guillermo Lasso was eligible for a second term, however he declined to run.
The officials elected -- to both the executive and legislative branches -- will serve out the remainder of the current presidential and legislative terms (2021-2025). A regular election for a full four-year term will happen in early 2025.
Originally scheduled for 2025, the general elections were moved forward earlier after President Lasso used the muerte cruzada measure which dissolved the National Assembly to avoid impeachment.
Presidential candidates
Declared
Deceased
Fernando Villavicencio was shot and killed after an event of campaigning for becoming the next president.
Declined
Guillermo Lasso, the incumbent president of Ecuador (since 2021) and founder of CREO.
Jaime Nebot, Mayor of Guayaquil (2000-2019), member of the National Congress (1990-1992, 1998-2000), Governor of Guayas Province (1984-1988) and 1992 and 1996 presidential candidate (party endorsed Topic).
Andres Arauz, President of the Citizen Revolution Movement (2020-2021) and 2021 presidential candidate (runs for vice presidency).
Jorge Glas, Vice President of Ecuador (2013-2018) (declines his nomination and endorses Gonzalez).
Polling
First round
Second round
Results
References
2023 in South America
2023 elections
2020s in Ecuador
General elections
August 2023 events
Methyl isocyanate

Methyl isocyanate is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3NCO. It has been used in the production of rubbers and adhesives.
It is highly toxic and irritating. It was the main toxic material involved in the Bhopal disaster.
Physical properties
Methyl isocyanate is a colourless, poisonous and flammable liquid. It is soluble in water.
Hazards
Methyl isocyanate is extremely toxic by inhalation, ingestion and contact in quantities as low as 0.4 ppm.
Exposure symptoms include coughing, chest pain, asthma, shortness of breath and skin damage.
Organonitrogen compounds
Poisons
Hope Springs (2012 movie)

Hope Springs is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama movie directed by David Frankel and written by Vanessa Taylor. It stars Meryl Streep, Tommy Lee Jones, Mimi Rogers, Jean Smart, and Steve Carell.
The movie was released on August 8, 2012. It received generally positive reviews and the cast was praised for their performances. It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, and won a People's Choice Award.
Other websites
2012 comedy-drama movies
2012 romantic comedy movies
2012 romantic drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies set in Maine
Movies set in Nebraska
People's Choice Award winners
Movies directed by David Frankel
Desman

The desman is an insectivore in the mole family, the Talpidae.
It is a diving insectivore. It is in the tribe Desmanini (and subfamily Desmaninae). The tribe has only two species in Eurasia. There is one in Russia and the other in the northwest of the Iberian peninsula and Pyrenees. Both species are vulnerable.
Soricomorphs
Westerstede

Westerstede (Low German: Westerstae) is the capital of the Ammerland district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 25 km northwest of Oldenburg.
The villages of Burgforde, Eggeloge, Felde, Fikensolt, Garnholt, Giesselhorst, Halsbek, Halstrup, Hollriede, Hollwege, Hollwegerfeld, Hullstede, Ihausen, Ihorst, Karlshof, Linswege, Linswegerfeld, Mansie, Lindern, Moorburg, Neuengland, Ocholt, Ocholterfeld, Ollenharde, Petersfeld, Tarbarg, Torsholt, Westerloy, Westerloyerfeld and Westerstederfeld are part of Westerstede.
The railway station of Westerstede is in the village of Ocholt, 6 km south of the town.
Other websites
Pictures from spring festival in Westerstede
Rhodo Festival
References
Ammerland
Antoine Lavoisier

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (26 August 1743 - 8 May 1794) was a French nobleman, chemist and biologist. He is often called the "Father of Modern Chemistry". His work is an important part of the histories of chemistry and biology. It also contributed to the beginnings of atomic theory. He was the first scientist to recognise and name the elements hydrogen and oxygen. He was executed, as were hundreds of other nobles, during the French Revolution.
Early life
Antoine de Lavoisier began studying at the College Mazarin in Paris in 1754, when he was 11 years old. College Mazarin was one of the best secondary schools in France then. He studied to be a lawyer like his father and his grandfather. He got his degree in 1763 and practised law at the parliament; however, he really preferred scientific research to law, so he also studied chemistry, botany, astronomy, and mathematics. He got his law degree in 1763, but never practised as a lawyer. He started a career as a scientist instead.
Science career
During his career, Lavoisier brought major changes to the study of chemistry. Much of his research was done on combustion. He is the person who explained combustion by oxidation. To prove this, Lavoisier studied the air. In order to do this, in 1776, he burned mercury in an enclosed vase. His conclusion: the air is a combination of oxygen and is not a chemical element.
He also discovered the law of conservation of mass that is nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed. It says that the mass of the final products of a chemical reaction is the same as the reactants' ones. Today, this principle is the basis of modern chemistry.
Lavoisier, together with L. B. Guyton de Morveau, Claude-Louis Berthollet and Antoine Francois de Fourcroy, created the first system of chemical nomenclature in the 1780s.
Political career
While he was doing research for chemistry, Lavoisier was also working at the government. During this time, the French Revolution began in 1789. Antoine kept his position in the government. But, two years later, a new government arrived in power. This new government was suspicious of Lavoisier's great success as a scientific researcher and as a public administrator. He was accused of selling modified tobacco. He was arrested for conspiracy against the people. Even though there was no proof that showed that Antoine de Lavoisier broke the law, he was sentenced to death on 8 May 1794. He was executed using the guillotine.
References
1743 births
1794 deaths
French chemists
French biologists
People executed by decapitation
Scientists from Paris
Anna Kallistová

Anna Kallistova (born 30 October 1982) is a Czech volleyball player.
She played at the 2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship, 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, and 2011 Women's European Volleyball League.
She played for PVK Olymp Praha.
References
1982 births
Living people
Czech volleyball players
Witch doctor

A witch doctor often refers to a healer in undeveloped regions who use traditional and sometimes out of date methods rather than modern medicine or science.
The term witch doctor is generally used with negative terms. It is often used to imply that the healer has little or no experience or ability in medicine.
The Oxford English Dictionary says that the first recorded use of this term is in 1718, in a book by Francis Hutchinson.
The witch doctors in Africa are known as sangomas in Southern Africa. The Oxford English Dictionary states that the first use of the term "witch doctor" to refer to African shamans (i.e. medicine men) was in 1836 in a book by Robert Montgomery Martin (1803?-1868).
The role is only partly a practical one. It is also a spiritual one. The so-called witch doctor is often the guardian of the tribe's belief system and rituals. Key ceremonies must be properly held or else the life of the community may fall apart, as has happened in many places. Aggressive action by outsiders to the local belief system may lead to the 'genocide of indigenous peoples'.
Related pages
Shaman
Medicine man
Ainu
References
Witchcraft
Alternative medicine
L-Innu Malti

"L-Innu Malti" ("The Hymn of Malta") is the national anthem of Malta. It is written like a prayer to God.
Lyrics
Maltese original
Translations
References
European anthems
National symbols of Malta
Adventures of Captain Marvel

Adventures of Captain Marvel is a 12-chapter movie serial released in 1941 by RKO Radio Pictures. It was produced by Republic Studios. It stars Tom Tyler as Captain Marvel and Frank Coughlan, Jr. as Billy Batson. It was directed by William Witney and John English.
References
Weiss, Ken and Ed Goodgold. 1972. To Be Continued... New York: Crown Publishers, Inc. pp. 180-182.
1941 movies
English-language movies
Movie serials
Movies directed by William Witney
American superhero movies
Nippon Budokan

Nippon Budokan is an arena in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. It was used as the judo stadium at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
Buildings and structures in Tokyo
Sports buildings