pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bunker

A bunker is a military building for fortification. They are usually built below ground. Blockhouses are like bunkers, but are built above ground. Bunkers were of big importance during World War I and World War II. Bunkers were built during the Cold War for important political people and for the general public because of the scare of a nuclear war.
Types of bunkers
There are many different types of bunkers:
Trench
A trench is long and narrow. It may be part of a big system of trenches. Soldiers often dig and use trenches. When most of the front-line soldiers use trenches, it is called trench warfare.
Pillbox
A pillbox is a small building made of concrete that also has small windows that people can shoot guns out of. The name came from the fact that they look like the boxes that pills came in.
Pillboxes were used a lot during World War I when defence in depth was being used. Pillboxes are most often found camouflaged so that they are harder to spot. They can also be part of a trench system, where the pillbox is a firing step that has been built to take grenade blasts and smaller mortar fire. Pillboxes were also built to help protect strategic structures such as bridges or jetties.
Industrial
Industrial bunkers are built like regular bunkers and they can be mining sites, food storage areas, dumps for materials, data storage, and sometimes places that people live in. They were built by nations during World War II to help protect the important industries from getting bombed. Many mines in France and Germany were made into bunkers by both the Germans and the French in both World War I and World War II.
Bomb/fallout shelters
A bomb shelter or fallout shelter is a type of bunker, usually civilian bunker, used for protection against nuclear weapons and the toxic radiation "fallout" they leave behind. These shelters run the gammit from modified storm shelters to vast underground cities
Famous bunkers
Famous bunkers include the World War II V-weapon buildings in Germany (e.g., Mittelwerk, La Coupole, and Eperlecques) and the Cold War buildings in the United States (Cheyenne Mountain, Site R, and The Greenbrier) and Canada (Diefenbunker).
Examples of bunkers
Atlantic Wall, coasts of Western Europe, built by Nazi Germany during WWII
Maginot Line, eastern France, built by France, pre-WWII
Fuhrerbunker, built by Nazi Germany before and during WWII
References
Other websites
Europe WW2 bunkers in Europe (reference website about museums and sites of WW2 pillboxes, bunkers and other defensive structures with maps and photos)
Great Britain (image collection of WW2 coastal defences)
Great Britain Pillboxes UK (reference website about WW2 pillboxes and other defensive structures)
Great Britain UK Heritage: Pillboxes (short article about "Miniature modern castles")
Great Britain Subterranea Britannica: Cold War (information on Cold War-era underground structures in Britain)
Fortification
Central European Time

Central European Time is a time zone. It is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (what used to be called Greenwich Mean Time). Most countries in the central part of Europe and some countries in Africa follow it.
In Europe, the countries of Ireland, Great Britain, Iceland and Portugal use Western European Time. All the other countries, up to Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and North Macedonia use Central European Time.
Algeria and Tunisia in Africa use CET but do not observe daylight saving time.
Time zones
Rouessé-Fontaine

Rouesse-Fontaine is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Mitchell County, Texas

Mitchell County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 8,990 people lived there. The county seat is Colorado City. The county was created in 1876 and founded in 1881.
Mitchell County has two lakes, Lake Colorado City and Lake Champion.
References
1881 establishments in Texas
Texas counties
Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria

Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria Mojumder (; born 1969) is a Bangladeshi Islamic scholar, media personality, professor, writer, preacher and Islamic speaker. He works as a Professor of Fiqh and Legal Studies at Islamic University Kushtia. He discusses Islamic programs and Islam in various newspapers and magazines on various Bangladeshi television channels. He also gives sermons at various Islamic mahfils and pre-Jumu'ah prayers Khutba at various places. His "Tafsir Zakaria" was published by King Fahad Printing Press. It is the official publication of Saudi Arabia, and the book is appreciated by the Muslim readers of Bengal. His book Hindusiat wa Tasur and Shirk Phil Kadim wal Hadith are very popular in the Arab world. Besides, his books are also in curriculum in public higher studies of Bangladesh. On the 2023 Hajj, his two-volume Bengali tafsir published from Saudi Arabia was given as a gift from the Saudi government to all Bengali pilgrims.
References
Other websites
Abu Bakar Muhammad Zakaria on Islamhouse.com
Islamic University of Madinah alumni
Bangladeshi educators
1969 births
Living people
1578

1578 (MDLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January 31 - Battle of Gemblours - Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. Don John begins to recover control of the French-speaking Southern Netherlands
August 4 - Battle of Al Kasr al Kebir - The Moroccans defeat the Portuguese. King Sebastian I of Portugal is defeated and killed in North Africa, leaving his elderly uncle, Cardinal Henry, as his heir. This initiates a succession crisis in Portugal.
October 1 - Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, succeeds Don John as Spanish Governor-General of the Netherlands.
Martin Frobisher held the first celebration of Thanksgiving by Europeans in North American at Newfoundland by the Frobisher Expedition.
Tibet - Sonam Gyrso receives from prince Atlan Khan the title of "Talai" and becomes the third Dalai Lama.
Battle of Wenden - The Russians are defeated by the Swedes, who proceed to take Polotsk.
The Ottoman Empire conquers Abkhazia.
Sixth and so far the last outbreak of the sweating sickness in England
Rafael Alkorta

Rafael Alkorta (born 16 September, 1968) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1987-88||rowspan="6"|Athletic Bilbao||rowspan="6"|La Liga||21||1
|-
|1988-89||33||0
|-
|1989-90||37||1
|-
|1990-91||35||0
|-
|1991-92||17||0
|-
|1992-93||29||0
|-
|1993-94||rowspan="4"|Real Madrid||rowspan="4"|La Liga||32||0
|-
|1994-95||9||0
|-
|1995-96||26||2
|-
|1996-97||40||0
|-
|1997-98||rowspan="5"|Athletic Bilbao||rowspan="5"|La Liga||29||1
|-
|1998-99||15||1
|-
|1999-00||24||1
|-
|2000-01||17||0
|-
|2001-02||6||1
370||8
370||8
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1990||4||0
|-
|1991||2||0
|-
|1992||0||0
|-
|1993||8||0
|-
|1994||13||0
|-
|1995||7||0
|-
|1996||9||0
|-
|1997||4||0
|-
|1998||7||0
|-
!Total||54||0
|}
References
1968 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
People from Bilbao
The Best American Poetry

The Best American Poetry series consists of annual poetry anthologies, each containing seventy-five poems.Each year, this series presents essential American verse and the poets. The best American poetry has appeared in this venerable collection for over twenty-five years."Best American Poetry remains one of the most popular and best-selling poetry books published each year."
History
The series, begun by David Lehman in 1988, has a different guest editor every year. Lehman, each year contributes a foreword focusing on the state of contemporary poetry. The book titles in the series always follow the format of the first, changing only the year.
A compendium for the first decade of the series has also been published, The Best of the Best American Poetry 1988-1997. It has seventy-five best poems from the previous ten anthologies. In 2013,It published "The Best of the Best American Poetry: 25th Anniversary Edition (2013)" which have 100 poems from the series' history.
Selection Process
In 1988,the rules for the selection of the poems were laid down by Lehman.
Lehman would select a guest editor each year. Guest editor would make the final selection of poems
Each year's anthology would have poems from the previous year
There would be seventy-five poems in each annual anthology maximum three poems by an individual poet
Foreign poets residing in the United States, "especially in cases where the poet has come to seem a vital presence in a particular American community", would be eligible to appear, and so John Ash, Seamus Heaney, and Derek Walcott all made it into the 1988 edition.
References
Poetry
1988 establishments in the United States
Fontanès-de-Sault

Fontanes-de-Sault is a commune of 5 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Hapta Kangjeibung

"Hapta Kangjeibung" (, ) is one of the world's oldest polo ground, in Imphal, the metropolis of Manipur, India. Besides being a polo ground, it is also one of the largest venues for festivities and fairs in Northeast India.
Sources
http://wikimapia.org/1675347/Hapta-Kangjeibung
References
Polo in Manipur
Polo grounds
Imphal
Saint-Germain-d'Anxure

Saint-Germain-d'Anxure is a commune of 274 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
Vicente Zarzo Pitarch

Vicente Zarzo Pitarch (6 May 1938 - 14 September 2021) was a Spanish horn player. He wrote many books on the history and technique of the horn.
For 25 years Zarzo was principal horn in The Hague Philharmonic (Residentie Orkest) and others. He also played as horn soloist for the Valencia Orchestra, the Symphony Orchestra of the Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona, the Iceland Symphony Orchestra in Reykjavik, the American Wind Symphony Orchestra in Pittsburgh, and the National Orchestra of Mexico.
Zarzo Pitarch died on 14 September 2021 at age 83.
References
1938 births
2021 deaths
Spanish writers
Spanish musicians
Nicolae Timofti

Nicolae Timofti (; born 22 December 1948) is a Moldovan jurist and politician. He was President of Moldova from 23 March 2012 until 23 December 2016. He was head of Moldova's Supreme Magistrate Council and was elected President by parliament on 16 March 2012.
References
1948 births
Living people
Judges
Presidents of Moldova
Voiceless labiodental plosive

The voiceless labiodental plosive is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
Moss Bluff, Louisiana

Moss Bluff is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Census-designated places in Louisiana
Tillman Thomas

Tillman Joseph Thomas (born June 13, 1945) is a Grenadian politician. He became Prime Minister of Grenada from 2008 to 2013. He has been the leader of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) since 2000.
References
Other websites
- Official site
1945 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Grenada
Welwitschia

Welwitschia or Welwitschia mirabilis is known as one of the oldest living plants. It can be called a "living fossil". The plant is mainly found in the deserts of Namibia. Some of these plants may be more than 5000 years old. This would make them the oldest living things on Earth.
It is named after the discoverer, Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch. The plant is locally called "long haired thing". Its structure consists of a short, woody, top-shaped stem, and never more than two leaves, which are enormously long, (two or three metres) and break up at the ends.
References
Gymnosperms
K-9 and Company

K-9 and Company was a 1981 television spin-off of the original series of Doctor Who. It featured Sarah Jane Smith, played by Elisabeth Sladen, and K-9, a robotic dog. Both characters had been companions of the Fourth Doctor, but they had not appeared together before. A single episode, "A Girl's Best Friend", was produced, but the series was not taken up.
Doctor Who
1981 British television series debuts
Alan Colmes

Alan Samuel Colmes (September 24, 1950 - February 23, 2017) was an American radio and television host, former comedian and author. His talk radio|talk-radio show is distributed by Fox News Radio. He was the writer of the book, Red, White and Liberal: How Left is Right and Right is Wrong. From 1996 to 2009, Colmes was the co-host of Hannity & Colmes, a nightly political debate show on Fox News Channel.
Colmes died at a Manhattan medical center on February 23, 2017, at the age of 66 after suffering from lymphoma.
References
Other websites
Alan Colmes Presents Liberaland
Website of Alan Colmes radio show
Alan Colmes' on Twitter
1950 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Cancer deaths in New York City
Television personalities from New York City
American television presenters
American journalists
American progressives
American radio personalities
Fox News people
Writers from New York City
Comedians from New York City
American bloggers
Small Business Administration

The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) is a United States government agency that gives support to entrepreneurs and small businesses.
The Small Business Administration wants "to maintain and strengthen the nation's economy by enabling the establishment and viability of small businesses and by assisting in the economic recovery of communities after disasters".
The Small Business Administration (SBA) Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) maximum amounts have changed numerous times since the inception of the popular COVID loan program in March 2020. From the original $2 million, it was quickly reduced to $150,000 when millions of business owners were applying in droves. In 2020 it was raised to $500,000 and in September 2021, it was restored back to the original $2 million maximum for those small businesses that qualify for this size EIDL loan.
References
United States government agencies
2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 2020. Aside from the 167 deputies of the National Assembly who are eligible to be re-elected, the new National Electoral Council president announced that the assembly would increase by 93 seats, for a total of 277 deputies to be elected.
Many saw the election was unfair saying that there were many illegal votes and it was rigged.
Opinion polls
Notes
References
Venezuela
December 2020 events
21st century in Venezuela
Elections in South America
Pablo Ruiz (singer)

Pablo Maximiliano Miguel Coronel Vidoz, also known as Pablito Ruiz and Pablo Ruiz, born on 4 May 1975 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is an Argentine singer, actor and dancer. His musical career began at age 10.
Discography
Studio albums
Pablo Ruiz (released 1985)
Un angel (1988)
Oceano (1989)
Espejos azules (1990)
Irresistible (1992)
60/90 (1994)
Aire (1997)
Was it something that I didn't say? (1999)
Jamas (2001)
Necesito tus besos (2003)
Demasiado tarde (2005)
Renacer (2009)
References
Other websites
Official Website
1975 births
Living people
Singers from Buenos Aires
Triple DES

In cryptography, Triple DES is a block cipher created from the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher by using it three times. Triple DES is also known as TDES or, more standard, TDEA (Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ).
When it was discovered that a 56-bit key of DES is not enough to protect from brute force attacks, TDES was chosen as a simple way to enlarge the key space without a need to switch to a new algorithm. The use of three steps is essential to prevent meet-in-the-middle attacks that are effective against double DES encryption.
In general TDES with three different keys (3-key {k1, k2, k3} TDES) has a key length of 168 bits: three 56-bit DES keys (with parity bits 3-key TDES has the total storage length of 192 bits), but due to the meet-in-the-middle attack the effective security it provides is only 112 bits. Another version, called two-key TDES (2-key TDES), uses k1 = k3, thus reducing the key size to 112 bits and the storage length to 128 bits. However, this mode can be taken advantage of through certain chosen-plaintext or known-plaintext attacks and so TDES is treated by NIST to have only 80 bits of security.
By design, DES and therefore TDES, suffer from slow performance in software. TDES is better suited to hardware implementations, which are many of the places it is still used.
TDES is slowly disappearing from use, largely replaced by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). One large-scale exception is within the electronic payments industry, which still uses 2TDES extensively and continues to develop and spread standards based upon it (e.g. EMV, the standard for inter-operation of IC cards; also called "Chip cards", and IC capable POS terminals and ATM's). This guarantees that TDES will remain an active cryptographic standard well into the future.
Related pages
DES-X
Data Encryption Standard (DES)
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
References
Cryptography
Nikolai Denkov

Nikolai Denkov Denkov (Bulgarian: Nikolai Denkov Denkov, born 3 September 1962) is a Bulgarian politician serving as the Prime Minister of Bulgaria since 6 June 2023. He was previously the Minister of Education of Bulgaria. Denkov is a physicist, physical chemist and chemist. He is a member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and was a lecturer at the University of Sofia.
References
1962 births
Living people
Members of Academia Europaea
Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of Sofia University
20th-century chemists
21st-century chemists
20th-century Bulgarian physicists
21st-century physicists
21st-century Bulgarian politicians
Government ministers of Bulgaria
Education ministers
Ulricehamn

Ulricehamn is a town in the county of Vastra Gotaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Ulricehamn Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Paroy-en-Othe

Paroy-en-Othe is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Jim Florentine

James "Jim" Florentine (born August 18, 1964) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, puppeteer, voice artist, and comedian, best known as the voice of Special Ed and Bobby Fletcher in Crank Yankers.
Early life
Florentine was born James Florentine in Brooklyn, New York on August 18, 1964.
Other websites
1964 births
Living people
American stand-up comedians
American puppeteers
American voice actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Brooklyn
American Internet celebrities
Comedians from New York City
Skimboarding

Skimboarding is a form of shallow water surfing.
When the waves at shallow water were poor, surfers would often attempt to surf in shallow breaking water. This led to the making of smaller, lighter boards, named skimboards for the way they allow the user to skim across the surface of the water. Lifeguards were quick to adopt these new boards and used skimboarding as a way to quickly move up and down the beach in shallow water. Skimboarding has progressed and is now a recognized sport. Competitions are held each year around the world and produce large amounts of revenue for the market interested in this sport. These competitions also allow skimboarders to exhibit maneuvers that technology, evolution and skill have made possible.
Surfing
List of heads of state of the Comoros

The following is a list of heads of state of the Comoros, since the country gained independence from France in 1975.
Heads of State of the Comoros (1975-present)
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Affiliations
BM - Baobab Movement
CHUMA - Islands' Fraternity and Unity Party
CRC - Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros
Mil - Military
PRC - Republican Party of the Comoros
RDPC - Democratic Assembly of the Comoran People
RDR - Rally for Democracy and Renewal
RND - National Rally for Development (renamed UNDC)
UCP - Comorian Union for Progress
UDC - Comorian Democratic Union
UNDC - National Union for Democracy in the Comoros
UNF - United National Front
n-p - Nonpartisan
References
Comorian politicians
Lists of heads of state
Salah Jadid

Salah Jadid (1926 - 19 August 1993, ) was a Syrian general and ultra-left-wing political figure in the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Syria, and the country's de facto leader from 1966 until 1970, when he was ousted by Hafez al-Assad's Corrective Movement.
References
1926 births
1993 deaths
Syrian politicians
Alan Kupperberg

Alan Kupperberg (May 18, 1953 - July 16, 2015) was an American comic artist. He was known for working in both comic books and newspaper strips. He began writing and drawing for Marvel Comics in 1974. Kupperberg has done illustrations for Archie Comics, National Lampoon, Cracked magazine, Spy, and McClannahan Books.
Kupperberg died in New York City from thyroid cancer, aged 62.
References
Other websites
Alan Kupperberg at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
Alan Kupperberg at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
1953 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from thyroid cancer
American comics artists
People from New York City
Kallistos (Ware)

Kallistos Ware (born Timothy Richard Ware; 11 September 1934 - 24 August 2022) was an English bishop and theologian of the Eastern Orthodox Church. He became the titular bishopric of Diokleia in Phrygia () in 1982. He was later made a titular metropolitan bishopric in 2007. From 1966 to 2001, he was Spalding Lecturer of Eastern Orthodox Studies at the University of Oxford. Ware was born in Bath, Somerset, England.
On 14 August 2022, it was reported that Ware was in critical condition and "approaching the end of his life". He died ten days later on 24 August in Oxford, Oxfordshire at the age of 87.
References
1934 births
2022 deaths
English theologians
Eastern Orthodox bishops
Academics of the University of Oxford
Writers from Somerset
People from Bath, Somerset
Askar Mamin

Askar Uzaqpayevich Mamin (; born 23 October 1965) is a Kazakh politician. He was Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2022.
References
Prime Ministers of Kazakhstan
Living people
1965 births
Oļegs Karavajevs

Olegs Karavajevs (13 February 1961 - October 2020) was a Latvian international football goalkeeper. Karavajevs was the goalkeeper who made the most appearances for the national team between 1992 to 1999.
Karavajevs died in October 2020, aged 59.
References
1961 births
2020 deaths
Latvian footballers
Raintree County

Raintree County is a 1957 American romance movie directed by Edward Dmytryk and based on the 1948 novel of the same name by Ross Lockridge Jr.. It stars Elizabeth Taylor, Montgomery Clift, Eva Marie Saint, Lee Marvin, Rod Taylor, Walter Abel and were distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for four Academy Awards in 1958.
Other websites
1957 romance movies
1950s historical movies
1950s epic movies
1950s American romance movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Edward Dmytryk
20th Century Fox movies
Movies set in Kentucky
Movies set in Mississippi
Movies set in Indiana
Movies set in the 19th century
Grandcamp-Maisy

Grandcamp-Maisy is a commune. It is in Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in northwest France.
Communes in Calvados
Agent Smith

Agent Smith is the main villain of The Matrix franchise. He is portrayed by Hugo Weaving.
Biography
Agent Smith and the other Agents take control of the Matrix until Neo freed him. Smith became a virus that duplicates himself onto others.
Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Matrix characters
Video game bosses
Israeli Network

The Israeli Network () is an international private television network. It launched September 2001 and features programming from all the top networks in Israel including Kan 11, Keshet 12, Reshet 13, Channel 10, Channel 8, Israeli Educational Television, Arutz HaYeladim, Hop! and Sports Channel.
The Israeli Network is available in North America; in the United States via Dish Network, Cablevision, Verizon FiOS & Comcast and in Canada via Rogers Cable & Bell Fibe TV through a partnership with Ethnic Channels Group. It is also available in Europe and Africa through select providers and now in Caribbean Latin America Middle East Asia and the Pacific.
Related pages
The Israeli Network Canada
Other websites
The Israeli Network Official Site
Television channels in Asia
2001 establishments in Asia
1692

Year 1692 was a leap year that started on a Tuesday when using the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January-June
March 1 - The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony, with the charging of 3 women with witchcraft.
June 8 - During a famine in Mexico City, an angry mob torches the Viceroy's palace and ignites the archives; most of the documents and some paintings are saved by royal geographer Carlos de Siguenza y Gongora.
June 10 - Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged for witchcraft.
July-December
September 8 - An earthquake in Brabant of scale 5.8 is felt across the Low Countries, Germany and England.
September 14 - Diego de Vargas leads Spanish colonists in retaking the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico, after a 12-year exile, following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.
Salem witch trials:
September 19 - Giles Corey is pressed to death, in an attempt to coerce a confession from him of witchcraft. By the end of September, 14 women and 5 men have been hanged.
September 22 - The last of those convicted of witchcraft in the Salem witch trials are hanged; the remainder of those convicted are all eventually released.
October 21 - In Barbados, a slave revolt is crushed.
Births
June 28 - Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart, Princess of England, Scotland, and Ireland
August 18 - Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, Prime Minister of France (d. 1740)
October 25 - Elisabeth Farnese, queen of Philip V of Spain (d. 1766)
Deaths
July 19 - Rebecca Nurse, accused Massachusetts witch (b. 1621)
References
Jean-Claude Van Damme

Jean-Claude Van Damme (Jean-Claude Camille Francois Van Varenberg, born 18 October 1960) is a Belgian martial artist, actor, fight choreographer, filmmaker, and director. Nicknamed "The Muscles from Brussels", he is well known for his action films. Credited with helping popularize martial arts in film, Van Damme is widely regarded as one of the most iconic martial arts action stars of all time.
Born and raised in Brussels, Belgium, at the age of ten his father enrolled him in a Shotokan Karate school. From there, he went on to develop his fighting skills, studying Kickboxing, Taekwondo, and Muay Thai. He was a member of the Belgium Karate Team when it won the European Karate Championship on 26 December 1979. Van Damme has stated that Bruce Lee was an inspiration for him in his journey to becoming a renowned martial artist and fighter.
With the desire of becoming an actor, he moved to the United States in 1982, eventually getting his break as the lead in the film Bloodsport (1988). Van Damme became a popular action film star and followed up with Cyborg (1989), Kickboxer (1989), Lionheart (1990), Death Warrant (1990), Double Impact (1991), Universal Soldier (1992), Nowhere to Run (1993), Hard Target (1993), Timecop (1994), Street Fighter (1994), Sudden Death (1995), The Quest (1996), Maximum Risk (1996), etc.
He was married to Maria Rodriguez from 1980 until they divorced in 1984. Then he was married to Cynthia Derderian from 1985 until they divorced in 1986. Then he was married to Darcy LaPier from 1994 until they divorced in 1997. Then he was married to Gladys Portugues from 1987 until they divorced in 1992; they remarried in 1999. He has three children. He lives in Los Angeles, California. Van Damme has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Film
Music video
Video game
References
Other websites
1960 births
Living people
Actors from Brussels
Belgian movie actors
Belgian movie directors
Belgian stage actors
Belgian television actors
Belgian voice actors
People from Brussels-Capital Region
Martial artists
People with bipolar disorder
Videotape

Videotape is magnetic tape used to record moving images and (usually) sound. Videotape was invented in the 1950s for recording television shows for later broadcasting. In the 1970s it entered use in low-cost filmmaking. In the 1980s analog tape became commonplace at home, and replaced the use of photographic film for home movies. Better digital videotape systems started replacing motion picture film at the end of the 20th century. 21st century video mostly uses digital recording media such as memory cards and hard drives rather than videotape.
Magnetic tape
Bayaz Aliyeva

Bayaz Aliyeva (born 9 June 1990 in Sumqayit) is an Azerbaijani female volleyball player. She is a member of the Azerbaijan women's national volleyball team. She was part of the Azerbaijani national team at the 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.
She played for Telekom Baku in 2015-2016, at the 2015-16 CEV Women's Champions League.
References
Other websites
CEV profile
bayaz-aliyeva volleyball.ioqt.2019.fivb.com
1990 births
Living people
Azerbaijani sportspeople
Volleyball players
Raúl Portal

Raul Alberto Portal (23 September 1939 - 14 October 2020) was an Argentine journalist, radio and television presenter. He was known for being the original presenter for Unusual Weekly during the 1980s. He was also the presenter of many reality shows for El Nueve.
Portal died of pneumonia caused by multiple strokes on 14 October 2020 in Buenos Aires, aged 81.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
Argentine journalists
Argentine entertainers
Television personalities
Radio personalities
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from pneumonia
Pellegrue

Pellegrue is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Mista

Mista (born 12 November 1978) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Deportivo La Coruna.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Tenerife||La Liga||13||3
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Segunda Division||32||9
|-
|2000/01||39||9
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Valencia||rowspan="5"|La Liga||25||5
|-
|2002/03||27||7
|-
|2003/04||33||19
|-
|2004/05||28||8
|-
|2005/06||29||1
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Atletico Madrid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||29||3
|-
|2007/08||6||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Deportivo La Coruna||rowspan="2"|La Liga||13||1
|-
|2009/10||||
274||65
274||65
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2005||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Rika Matsumoto

is a Japanese voice actress and singer, best known for voicing Ash Ketchum in Pokemon.
Her name is often romanized as Rica Matsumoto.
Other websites
1968 births
Japanese voice actors
Living people
Anna Netrebko

Anna Netrebko (born 18 September 1971) is a Russian operatic soprano. She was the People's Artist of Russia (2008).
Life and career
Born in Krasnodar, USSR, she graduated from The Saint Petersburg Conservatory.
Recognition and awards
In 2004, she was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation.
Time magazine added her to their TIME 100 list in 2007.
She was recognised by the journal Musical America as "a genuine superstar for the 21st century". They also named her Musician of the Year for 2008.
References
Other websites
Profile of Netrebko, The New York Times
Interview with Anna Netrebko on Opera Lively
1971 births
Russian opera singers
Sopranos
Living people
Austrian singers
Joseph Pilato

Joseph Pilato (March 16, 1949 - March 24, 2019) was an American actor. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was best known for his roles as Captain Rhodes in the 1985 movie Day of the Dead and as the Dean Martin lookalike in Pulp Fiction (1994).
Pilato died in his sleep on March 24, 2019, eight days after his 70th birthday.
References
Other websites
1949 births
2019 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Boston
Eastern Conference (WNBA)

The Eastern Conference of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) has six basketball teams in it.
Teams
Eastern Conference champions
The WNBA gave conference championship awards to the winners of the Conference Finals in the playoffs. They did this from 1998 to 2015 Conference championships were not awarded in the WNBA's first season (1997). The WNBA stopped doing this in 2016.
WNBA champions in bold
1998: Cleveland Rockers
1999: New York Liberty
2000: New York Liberty (2)
2001: Charlotte Sting
2002: New York Liberty (3)
2003: Detroit Shock
2004: Connecticut Sun
2005: Connecticut Sun (2)
2006: Detroit Shock (2)
2007: Detroit Shock (3)
2008: Detroit Shock (4)
2009: Indiana Fever
2010: Atlanta Dream
2011: Atlanta Dream (2)
2012: Indiana Fever (2)
2013: Atlanta Dream (3)
2014: Chicago Sky
2015: Indiana Fever (3)
References
Women's basketball
Fields Medal

The Fields Medal is a prize given to mathematicians who are not over 40 years of age. It is given at each International Congress of the International Mathematical Union. This is a meeting that takes place every four years.
The Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields was the first to propose this medal and it was first awarded in 1936. It has been regularly awarded since 1950. Its purpose is to support younger mathematicians who made major contributions.
The Fields Medal is viewed, at least in the media, as the top honor a mathematician can receive. It comes with a monetary award. In 2006 the award was C$15,000 (US$13,400 or EUR10,550). The Abel Prize has similar prestige, and more money.
Conditions of the award
The Fields Medal is often described as the "Nobel Prize of mathematics". But there are several differences. First, it is awarded not only to recognize the valuable contributions of a mathematician but also to encourage him or her to continue their works. The Fields Medals have generally been awarded for a mathematician's whole work.
Another difference is that the Fields Medal is awarded every four years. The recipients cannot be over the age of 40.
Fields Medalists
2022: Hugo Duminil-Copin (France), June Huh (US), James Maynard (UK), Maryna Viazovska (Ukraine)
2018: Caucher Birkar (UK-Iran), Alessio Figalli (Italy), Peter Scholze (Germany), Akshay Venkatesh (Australia)
2014: Artur Avila (France), Manjul Bhargava (U.S.), Martin Hairer (UK), Maryam Mirzakhani (U.S.)
2010: Elon Lindenstrauss (Israel), Ngo Bao Chau (Vietnam/France), Stanislav Smirnov (Russia), Cedric Villani (France)
2006: Andrei Okounkov (Russia), Grigori Perelman (Russia) (declined award), Terence Tao (Australia), Wendelin Werner (France)
2002: Laurent Lafforgue (France), Vladimir Voevodsky (Russia)
1998: Richard Ewen Borcherds (UK), William Timothy Gowers (UK), Maxim Kontsevich (Russia), Curtis T. McMullen (U.S.)
1994: Efim Isakovich Zelmanov (Russia), Pierre-Louis Lions (France), Jean Bourgain (Belgium), Jean-Christophe Yoccoz (France)
1990: Vladimir Drinfeld (USSR), Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones (New Zealand), Shigefumi Mori (Japan), Edward Witten (U.S.)
1986: Simon Donaldson (UK), Gerd Faltings (West Germany), Michael Freedman (U.S.)
1982: Alain Connes (France), William Thurston (U.S.), Shing-Tung Yau (China)
1978: Pierre Deligne (Belgium), Charles Fefferman (U.S.), Grigory Margulis (USSR), Daniel Quillen (U.S.)
1974: Enrico Bombieri (Italy), David Mumford (U.S.)
1970: Alan Baker (UK), Heisuke Hironaka (Japan), Sergei Petrovich Novikov (USSR), John Griggs Thompson (U.S.)
1966: Michael Atiyah (UK), Paul Joseph Cohen (U.S.), Alexander Grothendieck (France), Stephen Smale (U.S.)
1962: Lars Hormander (Sweden), John Milnor (U.S.)
1958: Klaus Roth (UK), Rene Thom (France)
1954: Kunihiko Kodaira (Japan), Jean-Pierre Serre (France)
1950: Laurent Schwartz (France), Atle Selberg (Norway)
1936: Lars Ahlfors (Finland), Jesse Douglas (U.S.)
Footnotes
Other websites
Official site
Mathematics
Science awards
Baltistan

Baltistan (), also known as bltywl (Baltiyul) in the Balti language, is a region in northern Pakistan. It borders Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. It lies in the Karakoram mountains just to the south of K2, the world's second highest mountain. It is an extremely mountainous region, with an average altitude of over 3,350 m (11,000 ft). It is inhabited principally by Balti Shi'a Muslims of Tibetan descent who converted from Tibetan Buddhism before the 16th century.
Baltistan was an independent state but was occupied by the Raja (King) of Kashmir in the nineteenth century. In 1947 when India and Pakistan gained independence, it was still part of Kashmir. Now the region is divided between Pakistan and India.
The elections on 12 November 2009 brought about a major change and upheaval in the Baltistan region, which had been once an area ruled by a feudal Raja and then an area under Pakistani military control. It is believed that democracy in the region will also help to bring about more economic development and public empowerment.
Related pages
Ladakh
Other websites
The Changing Northern Areas
Pakistan's Northern Areas dilemma
Tourism Northeran Areas
Pakistan's Northern Areas
Regions of Pakistan
Gilgit-Baltistan
Deprisa, Deprisa

Deprisa, Deprisa () is a 1981 Spanish French drama movie directed by Carlos Saura and starring Andre Falcon, Yves Barsacq, Berta Socuellamos Zarco, Jose Antonio Valdelomar, Jesus Arias Aranzueque.
Other websites
1981 drama movies
Spanish drama movies
French drama movies
Movies directed by Carlos Saura
Central London

Central London is the innermost part of London, England.
The inner London boroughs were defined by the London Government Act 1963, and the definition is used for purposes such as the local government finance system. They correspond to the former area of the County of London. These inner London boroughs are:
Camden
Greenwich
Hackney
Hammersmith and Fulham
Islington
Kensington and Chelsea
Lambeth
Lewisham
Southwark
Tower Hamlets
Wandsworth
Westminster
The City of London was not part of the County of London and is not a London Borough but can be included. North Woolwich is an anomaly as it was part of the County of London but was transferred to Newham, an outer London borough, in 1965.
References
Geography of London
1963 establishments in England
Irion County, Texas

Irion County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 1,513 people lived there. The county seat is Mertzon.
References
Texas counties
Cheese mite

Cheese mites are mites which live in food, grain and plant leaves.
They are sometimes found in flour but prefer cheese. Refrigerated cheese is not usually affected as they prefer warm, damp foods. Cheese mites are used to make certain cheeses. Milbenkase and Mimolette are two examples. The action of the mites on the surface of these cheeses adds to the flavor. It also gives them a distinctive appearance. A 2010 SEM study found that Milbenkase cheese was produced using Tyrolichus casei mites, while Mimolette cheese used Acarus siro mites (also known as flour mites).
References
Cheese
Arachnids
Makaton

Makaton is a set of simple sign language and black-and-white symbols (pictures) which are used alongside simple talk. Makaton is a sign language that is free to teach other people but it is also sold, taught, guarded and checked up on by the business which started it. Makaton started with simple ordinary English and British Sign Language hand-signs; the pictures were added later. It is now used all over the world and changed for the country it is used in. It uses the same hand-signs as the sign language of the country it is used in but not in the same way. For example, in Britain, Makaton hand-signing is mostly made from BSL (British Sign Language), but the signs are used in a different order alongside the simple spoken words.
Makaton is mainly taught to children and adults with special needs in speech and language, with or without hearing problems, by teachers, teaching assistants and childcare practitioners, carers or caregivers such as parents, grandparents, foster carers, other friends and family, and specialist clinicians such as speech and language therapists. Makaton is also popular to use with babies - "baby signing".
In British television, Justin Fletcher uses Makaton signing in Something Special, a series of television programmes aimed at children with special needs shown on CBeebies. It was also used by Dave Benson Phillips while telling nursery rhymes on BBC children's television years earlier than this.
In schools and nursery schools and childcare as well as at home Makaton signs and symbols are often used alongside other ways of talking and showing like photographs and "PECS", which are drawn colour pictures of parts of a routine, like washing hands, eating a snack, or using the toilet. This way of using different ways of showing routines and making requests for people with communication problems is sometimes called "total communication".
Sign languages
Disability
Devon Thomas

Devon Cuthbert Thomas is a West Indian cricketer. He was born on November 12, 1989 in Willikies, Antigua.
References
Other websites
1989 births
Living people
West Indies cricketers
Antigua and Barbuda sportspeople
Pool of London

Pool of London is a 1951 British crime drama movie directed by Basil Dearden and starring Earl Cameron, Bonar Colleano, Susan Shaw, Max Adrian, Moira Lister, James Robertson Justice, Sam Kydd, Leslie Phillips, Ian Bannen, Christopher Hewett. It was distributed by Ealing Studios.
Other websites
1951 crime drama movies
British crime drama movies
Movies directed by Basil Dearden
Movies set in London
Sacred language

A liturgical language or sacred language or holy language is any language that is used in the religious service, by people who speak another primary language in their daily lives.
Some of the examples of the sacred languages are given below:
Arabic - Islam and Tanwirism (pre-Islamic Arabian polytheism)
Coptic - Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Koine (common language version of Ancient Greek) - widely used in Christianity at various times and places.
Irish - Neo-paganism (especially Celtic polytheism)
Latin - Roman Catholicism
Dharmic Religions
Sanskrit and Old Tamil - Hinduism, Jainism
Pali, Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan and Tamil - Buddhism.
Punjabi, Sanskrit - Sikhism
Classical Meitei - Sanamahism (Meitei religion) and Manipuri Vaishnavism
References
Related pages
Language death
Languages
History of religion
Robert Montgomery (administrator)

Sir Robert Montgomery, GCSI, KCB (born 2 December 1809 in Moville, County Donegal, Ireland, died 28 December 1887 in India) was a British colonial administrator in India.
Robert was born at the family seat at New Park, Moville. He was educated at Foyle College, Londonderry; Wraxall Hall School, Wiltshire; and, from 1823-5, at Addiscombe Military Seminary, Croydon, Surrey. In 1827 he was appointed to the Indian Civil Service. He married in India and brought up a family. His second son was Henry, father of Field Marshal Montgomery. Henry inherited the family estate in Ireland after his father's death.
Eponyms
The city of Sahiwal, Pakistan, founded in 1865, was formerly named "Montgomery", after Sir Robert Montgomery.
The district of Montgomery in Punjab.
References
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
People from County Donegal
1809 births
1887 deaths
People of British India
Farnern

Farnern is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Bern
List of United States senators from Illinois

Illinois was admitted to the Union on December 3, 1818, and has been represented in the United States Senate by 48 senators in history.
Class 2
Class 3
Living former Illinois senators
, six former senators are alive:
Notes
Senators
Illinois
senators
DeCordova, Texas

DeCordova is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Faxing Berlin

"Faxing Berlin" is a progressive house song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5. The song is featured on deadmau5's third studio album Random Album Title.
The song received some controversy in 2008 by an artist named DirtyCircuit. DirtyCircuit said that he was threatened with legal action after he used a sample called "LP_Faxing Berlin C_128bpm" that came bundled with the digital audio workstation FL Studio which deadmau5 claimed copyright. The sample was a direct clip of a full bar from the song. A "Demo Track" was provided by deadmau5 which came bundled with FL Studio, along with many loop samples. FL Studio users became were in discomfort because of the case and some of the users had pointed out possible inconsistencies in the EULA of the software.
The song reached #6 on the Billboard US Hot Dance Club Songs.
References
2007 songs
deadmau5 songs
Ali Eid

Ali Eid (14 July 1940 - 25 December 2015) was a Lebanese politician. He was the leader of the Alawite Community. He founded the Arab Democratic Party in 1972 and until his death served as General Secretary of the Arab Democratic Party. He was born in Tripoli.
On 25 December 2015, it was announced that Eid died in Damascus, Syria at the age of 75.
References
1940 births
2015 deaths
Lebanese Muslims
Lebanese politicians
Lone Jack, Missouri

Lone Jack is a city in Jackson County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Jean-Marie Leclair

Jean-Marie Leclair l'aine (Jean-Marie Leclair the Elder; 10 May 1697 22 October 1764) was a French composer, violinist, and dancer.
Life
Leclair was born in Lyon. He was his parent's oldest child. At least three of his brothers became musicians.
He learned to play the violin and dance. He taught ballet at the Theatre-Royal of Turin. On November 9, 1716 he married Marie-Rose Casthagnie, a dancer. Leclair went to Paris in 1723. He published his first works in Paris. He also performed at the Concert Spirituel.
After Leclair's first wife had died, he married again in 1730. King Louis XV made Leclair in 1733. He wrote a book of violin sonatas for the King. Leclair left the in 1737. He had an argument with Jean-Pierre Guignon about who should lead the orchestra. He did not want to become the second violinist. So, he left the orchestra.
From 1738 to 1743, Leclair worked for Anne, Princess of Orange. He wrote a set of violin sonatas for the princess. He also worked as a maestro di cappella for Francois Du Liz. However, Du Liz went bankrupt in 1743. Leclair returned to Paris. He published his last set of violin sonatas in 1743. In 1746, he wrote an opera, called Scylla et Glaucus. It was his only opera.
On October 23, 1764, his gardener found Leclair dead in his house. He had been stabbed three times. His murderer is not known. However, the police suspected that Leclair's nephew, Francois Guillaume Vial, killed him.
References
1697 births
1764 deaths
18th-century French composers
French violinists
French dancers
French murder victims
Murders by blade weapons
Unsolved murders
Musicians from Lyon
Wim Bleijenberg

Wim Bleijenberg (5 November 1930 - 10 January 2016) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a forward. He played for Wageningen, Rigtersbleek, Ajax, Blauw-Wit Amsterdam, Go Ahead Eagles, Apeldoorn and the national team. He was born in Veenendaal, Utrecht.
Bleijenberg died on 10 January 2016, aged 85.
References
Other websites
1930 births
2016 deaths
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from Utrecht (province)
Hawkwind

Hawkwind are an English rock band. They are one of the earliest space rock groups. Their write and sing about science fiction themes. They formed in November 1969. Hawkwind have changed many times during their history and have played many styles of music. Dozens of musicians, dancers, and writers have worked with the group since they began.
Legacy
Hawkwind have been named as an influence by artists such as the rock band Monster Magnet, the Sex Pistols (who covered their 1972 song, "Silver Machine"), Henry Rollins of Black Flag, the guitarist Ty Segall, and the English rock band, Ozric Tentacles.
References
Other websites
Official band website
Starfarer's Hawkwind page
Hawkwind Files Comprehensive discography
Hawkeye On Hawkwind
Scot Heller's Review of the Hawkestra Concert
Hawkwind at the Windsor Free Festival
Hawkwind at the Stonehenge Free Festival
Hawkwind at The Oval 1972
Philm Freax: Hawkwind X-In Search of Space Original photos by Philm Freax.
Musical groups from London
Musical groups established in 1969
English rock bands
Unterperfuss

Unterperfuss is a municipality of the district Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)