pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wangen an der Aare

Wangen an der Aare is a city in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Official Website of the city of Wangen an der Aare
Municipalities of Bern
Cities in Switzerland
José Luis Brown

Jose Luis Brown (10 November 1956 - 12 August 2019) was an Argentine footballer. He played as a central defender, and coach.
He played for Estudiantes. He also competed professionally in Colombia, France and Spain. Brown represented the Argentine national team at the 1986 World Cup and three Copa America tournaments. In 1995, he began working as a manager.
Brown died on 12 August 2019 at a hospital in La Plata, Argentina from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease at the age of 62.
References
1956 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Argentine footballers
Argentine football managers
Weymouth, Nova Scotia

Weymouth is a rural village located in Digby County, Nova Scotia on the Sissiboo River near its terminus on Baie Ste. Marie.
Climate
References
Other websites
Village of Weymouth Official Website
Weymouth Library
Villages in Nova Scotia
Liboc

Liboc is a district of the city of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. It is part of Prague 6, located near Divoka Sarka.
Districts of Prague
Soyam

Soyam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
References
Meitei surnames
Temple Sowerby

Temple Sowerby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 333 people living in Temple Sowerby.
References
Other websites
http://www.visitcumbria.com/pen/temple-sowerby.htm
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Mark Kozelek

Mark Kozelek (born January 24, 1967) is an American singer.
Career
In 1989 he started the rock band Red House Painters. In 1992 the band were signed to 4AD. In 2000 Kozelek released his first solo EP Rock 'n' Roll Singer. Pitchfork gave it a score of 6.1 out of 10. In 2001 Red House Painters broke up. In 2002 Kozelek started Sun Kil Moon.
References
1967 births
American singer-songwriters
Living people
Lençóis Maranhenses National Park

The Lencois Maranhenses National Park (Parque Nacional dos Lencois Maranhenses) is a national park in Maranhao, northeastern Brazil.
It is an area with low, flat, occasionally flooded land, between large sand dunes. It is about . Despite abundant rain, it has almost no vegetation.
With large, white, sweeping dunes, Lencois Maranhenses looks like a typical desert, but in fact it is not one. Being just outside the Amazon Basin, the region gets a regular rainy season in first half of the year. When it rains, fresh water collects in the valleys between sand dunes. The water is prevented from sinking down by a layer of rock underneath the sand. This results in blue, green and black lagoons surrounded by the desert-like sand. The lagoons are at their fullest their fullest between July and September.
When the lagoons are full, they are interconnected to rivers such as the Rio Negro. From the river, large numbers of fish arrive. One species of fish, however, is resident. The wolf fish or tiger fish (Hoplias malabaricus) stays dormant in the mud and moist areas after most of the water has evaporated, re-emerging during the next rainy season.
References
National parks in South America
Habitats
Moultonborough, New Hampshire

Moultonborough is a town in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States.
Towns in New Hampshire
Pat Hooper

Patrick Hooper (12 May 1952 - 9 October 2020) was an Irish Olympian and long-distance runner. He was born in Dublin. He represented Ireland in the marathon at European and Olympic level. His marathon personal best time was 2:17:46. He participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics coming in 40th place.
He was the older brother of three-time Olympian and marathoner Dick Hooper.
Hooper died on 9 October 2020 in Dublin, aged 68.
References
1952 births
2020 deaths
Long-distance runners
Irish Olympians
Sportspeople from Dublin
2016 Berlin truck attack

On 19 December 2016 at 20:02 Central European Time, a truck rammed into a crowd of people at a Christmas market in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany. This killed 12 people and injured 49 others. The original driver of the truck was found shot dead in the passenger seat.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the terrorist attack. The perpatrator was Anis Amri, a Tunisian asylum seeker. On 23 December 2016, Amri was shot dead by an Italian police officer in Sesto San Giovanni, Lombardy. German police later confirmed that Amri's fingerprints were the same as those in the truck.
Attack
The truck that was involved, a Scania semi-trailer truck, was owned by a Polish company named Uslugi Transportowe Ariel Zurawski. The truck was transporting steel beams to Berlin.
The original truck driver, Lukasz Urban, is believed to have been killed by the perpetrator. He was stabbed and shot in the head. On 19 December 2016, at 20:02 local time, the truck drove through a Christmas market. This killed 12 people. The truck drove 50-80 metres (160-260 ft) and destroyed many booths. Some witnesses saw the driver leave the truck and run towards Tiergarten.
Reactions
Czech Finance Minister Andrej Babis said "Unfortunately... [Angela Merkel's open-door migration] policy is responsible for this dreadful act. It was she who let migrants enter Germany and the whole of Europe in uncontrolled waves, without papers, therefore without knowing who they really are." Marcus Pretzell, husband of AfD leader Frauke Petry, tweeted: "When will the German state of law strike back? When will this cursed hypocrisy finally stop? These are Merkel's dead! #Nice #Berlin."
Muslims and Chrisitians held a vigil together after the attack.
Related pages
2016 Nice attack, a similar attack in Nice, France, in July
References
2016 disasters in Europe
2016 in Germany
2010s crimes in Germany
2010s murders in Europe
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2016
Attacks on buildings and structures in Germany
December 2016 events
2016 truck attack
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2016
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe
Mass murder in 2016
Mass murder in Germany
Religion in Germany
Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2016
Terrorist incidents in Germany
Terrorist incidents involving vehicular attacks
Jason Derulo

Jason Joel Desrouleaux, known publicly by the spelling Derulo (formerly Derulo; born September 21, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, and content creator. He is part of the band Frou Frou with Imogen Heap. They sang the song "Whatcha Say", which samples Heap's song "Hide and Seek". "Whatcha Say" became Derulo's first US number-one and was double platinum. Other singles include "The Other Side", "In My Head", "Want to Want Me", and "Ridin' Solo".
In 2013, Derulo released the album Tattoos, known as Talk Dirty for the US version. The single "Talk Dirty" reached number three in the US and topped charts in the UK. The song "Wiggle" was also released from the album.
Derulo has become known in recent years for his videos posted to the social media app TikTok. His song "Savage Love (Laxed - Siren Beat)", which was a collaboration with Jawsh 685, became his second US number-one single in 2020 after remixes of the song were released with South Korean K-pop boy band BTS.
Personal life
Derulo has been in a relationship with influencer Jena Frumes since March 2020. They announced their separation in September 2021.
On May 8, 2021, Derulo and Frumes welcomed their first child, a son named Jason King Derulo.
Albums
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Remix albums
References
1989 births
Living people
African-American singers
American R&B musicians
Singers from Florida
People from Miramar, Florida
Glass

Glass is a hard material that can be made in many shapes. It is usually transparent, but it can also be made in colours. Glass is mainly made of silica; glass made of silica only is called silica glass. It originated in India.
Glass used to make windows and bottles is a specific type called soda-lime glass, composed of about 75% silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O) from sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium oxide, also called lime (CaO), and several minor additives.
By changing the proportions, and adding different ingredients, many kinds of glass can be made. Coloured glass is made by adding small amounts of metal oxides. For example, a blue colour is given by tiny amounts of cobalt oxide.
Crystal glass is made by adding lead and zinc oxides. It is not actually a crystal because all glass is a non-crystalline solid. Crystal glass is called cut glass if it has been cut by hand:
" 'Cut glass' is glass that has been decorated entirely by hand by use of rotating wheels. Cuts are made in an otherwise completely smooth surface of the glass by workers holding and moving the piece against various sized metal or stone wheels".
Because glass is used to make lenses, the word "glasses" often means eyeglasses.
The myth that glass is actually a liquid comes from the fact that old windows in houses and churches (200-300 years old) are sometimes a little out of shape: thicker at the bottom than the top. This is actually due to the process of glass making in the past which led to the glass pane being thicker at one edge than the other. It was sensible to install the windows with the thick edge at the bottom. Sometimes a window can be found with the thick edge at the top of the window.
Glass can be recycled over and over. Glass bottles and jars can easily be recycled to make new glass bottles and jars or used in industry as aggregate (building material) or sand.
References
Other websites
Corning Museum of Glass
A comprehensive guide to art glass and crystal around the world
Working Description Furnace & Moleria - Murano Glass
Informative website about the glass industry
Substances used in the Making of Colored Glass
Almost 400 articles and images about glass (mostly art glass)
Basic English 850 words
Hudson, Florida

Hudson is a census-designated place found in Pasco County, Florida, in the United States. About 12,500 people live in Hudson as of 2000.
References
Other websites
Hudson, Florida
History of Hudson
Census-designated places in Florida
Détente

Detente (pronounced day-tont) is a word that means less tension and a better relationship between two countries.
The main example of a detente was during the Cold War. In the 1970s, the United States and the Soviet Union improved relations. Both signed several treaties which reduced the amount of nuclear weapons each country had. During this time period, as China began to dislike the Soviet Union, the United States tried to make friends with China, giving the Soviet Union a disadvantage during the Cold War. This was often called "playing the China card."
Detente primarily was concerned with relations between the US and USSR but other countries like China, West Germany, and most of the European states also played their role in developing it. Their motives were mixed. The US proposed this because they did not want to have to go to war with USSR which would lead to all out nuclear warfare.
The literal and original use of the word meant to undo a crossbow, the detention of the cord that launched the arrow.
Related pages
Appeasement
Cold war
International relations
Martin Scorsese

Martin Scorsese (born November 17, 1942) is an American movie director. He was born in Queens and raised in Manhattan. Many of Scorsese's movies have Italian American, Roman Catholic and violent themes or ideas. Scorsese is probably best known for his movies about the mafia. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for his movie The Departed at the 79th Academy Awards in 2007; the movie also won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Film Editing and Best Adapted Screenplay. This was Scorsese's first Academy Award for Best Director.
Awards and recognitions
Scorsese received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1997.
In 1998, the American Film Institute placed three Scorsese movies on their list of the greatest movies in America: Raging Bull at #24, Taxi Driver at #47 and Goodfellas at #94.
Scorsese received the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic on January 18, 2001.
In 2001, AFI put two Scorsese movies on their list of the most "heart-pounding movies" in American cinema: Taxi Driver at #22 and Raging Bull at #51.
At a ceremony in Paris, France, on January 5, 2005, Martin Scorsese was awarded the French Legion of Honor in recognition of his contribution to cinema.
In 2007, Scorsese won the Academy Award for Best Director for The Departed, which also won Best Picture.
On September 11, 2007, the Kennedy Center Honors committee, which recognizes career excellence and cultural influence, named Scorsese as one of the honorees for the year.
On June 17, 2008, AFI put two of Scorsese's films on the AFI's 10 Top 10 list: Raging Bull at #1 for the Sports genre and Goodfellas at #2 for the Gangster genre.
Scorsese received the 2010 Cecil B. DeMille Award at the 67th Golden Globe Awards.
On September 18, 2011 Scorsese won in the category Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series, for his work on the series premiere of Boardwalk Empire.
On January 15, 2012, at the 69th Golden Globe Awards, Scorsese won an award for Best Director on the 2011 movie Hugo.
On February 12, 2012 at the 65th British Academy Film Awards, Scorsese received the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award.
Scorsese has earned praise from many film legends including Ingmar Bergman, Frank Capra, Jean-Luc Godard, Werner Herzog, Elia Kazan, Akira Kurosawa, David Lean, Michael Powell, Satyajit Ray, and Francois Truffaut.
Filmography
Features
Documentary movies
Short movies
Television work
Appearances on camera
References
Other websites
1942 births
Living people
Academy Award winning directors
Actors from Manhattan
Actors from Queens
American television producers
American television writers
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Emmy Award winning directors
Miroslav Klose

Miroslav Klose (born June 9 1978 in Opole, Poland) is a Polish born German football player. From 1999 until 2004 he played for Kaiserslautern and from 2004 until 2007 for Werder Bremen. In 2007 changed to Bayern Munich. In 2011, he left Bayern Munich and joined the Italian team Lazio. On the Germany national team he has played in 137 matches since 2001 and scored 71 goals.
Klose is a great player known for his heading skills and he is currently the all-time top scorer of the Germany national football team with 71 goals. He is also the all-time leading goal scorer of the FIFA World Cup after beating Ronaldo's record in the semi-final against Brazil.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998/99||Homburg||Regionalliga||20||11||colspan="2"|--||colspan="2"|--||20||11
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="5"|Kaiserslautern||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||2||0||colspan="2"|--||colspan="2"|--||2||0
|-
|2000/01||29||9||2||0||12||2||43||11
|-
|2001/02||31||16||4||0||colspan="2"|--||35||16
|-
|2002/03||32||9||4||4||colspan="2"|--||36||13
|-
|2003/04||26||10||1||1||2||1||29||12
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||32||15||4||0||8||2||44||17
|-
|2005/06||26||25||3||2||7||3||36||30
|-
|2006/07||31||13||1||0||13||2||45||15
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="4"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||27||10||6||5||12||5||42||20
|-
|2008/09||26||10||4||3||8||7||38||20
|-
|2009/10||25||3||5||2||8||1||38||6
|-
|2010/11||20||1||4||3||2||1||26||5
|-
|2011/12||rowspan="5"|Lazio||rowspan="5"|Serie A||27||13||2||0||6||3||35||16
|-
|2012/13||29||15||2||0||5||1||36||16
|-
|2013/14||25||7||0||0||3||1||28||8
|-
|2014/15||34||13||6||3||colspan=2|--||40||16
|-
|2015/16||24||7||1||0||4||1||29||8
327||132||38||20||72||24||434||176
139||55||11||3||18||6||168||64
466||187||49||23||90||30||602||240
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2001||7||2
|-
|2002||17||12
|-
|2003||10||1
|-
|2004||11||5
|-
|2005||5||0
|-
|2006||17||13
|-
|2007||5||3
|-
|2008||15||8
|-
|2009||6||4
|-
|2010||12||10
|-
|2011||8||5
|-
|2012||13||4
|-
|2013||3||1
|-
|2014||7||3
|-
|Total||137||71
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Shearwater, Tasmania

Shearwater is a town on the north coast of Tasmania, Australia. It lies on the Rubicon Rivulet, just off Bass Strait, 19.6 km east of Devonport.
At the 2016 census, Shearwater had a population of 1764. The town grows considerably during the holiday season. It is part of the Municipality of Latrobe. Shearwater is one of many popular holiday resorts along the north coast of Tasmania. In recent years the population has swelled and become one of the fastest-growing areas in the world; mainly due to affordable real estate and large developments in the area, including a shopping centre, the Port Sorell Golf Club, and the Shearwater Resort.
Nearby schools
Portsorell Primary School
Notable people (in order of relevance)
Douglas Hore
Nate How
Towns in Tasmania
Udeshika Prabodhani

Kaluwa Dewage Udeshika Prabodhani is a cricketer from Sri Lanka. Prabodhani plays for the Sri Lanka women's national cricket team. She was born on September 20, 1985.
References
Other websites
1985 births
Living people
Sri Lankan cricketers
IPhone 3GS

iPhone 3GS is a smartphone made by Apple Inc. It is the third generation iPhone, coming after iPhone 3G. It was introduced on June 8th 2009, It was released on June 19th 2009.
This iPhone is named "3GS". The "S" in "iPhone 3GS" means "Speed". The iPhone 3GS has better performance, allowing it to run faster and more efficiently. It also has a higher quality camera that can take photos with higher resolution, as well as take videos with better quality. It also adds the ability to use voice control, a function where users can talk into the phone to command actions on the phone. The iPhone 3GS can also support faster downloading.
It was released in the United States, Canada, and six European countries on June 19th 2009, in Australia and Japan on June 26th, and worldwide in July and August 2009.
References
Other websites
3GS
Mobile phones released in 2009
Villeneuve-d'Entraunes

Villeneuve-d'Entraunes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Huntington Park, California

Huntington Park is a city in the Gateway Cities district of southeastern Los Angeles County, California.
As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 54,883.
Huntington Park was made in 1906 as a streetcar suburb for workers in the rapidly expanding industries to the southeast of downtown Los Angeles. To this day, about 30% of its residents work at factories in nearby Vernon and Commerce.
References
Other websites
Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
1906 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in California
Great Norwegian Encyclopedia

The Great Norwegian Encyclopedia or Store Norske Leksikon (SNL) is an online encyclopedia in Norwegian. It is one of the most popular Norwegian websites with over two million visitors each month. SNL was created in 1978 when two publishing houses, Aschehoug and Gyldendal, merged their encyclopedias. Before 1978, they had published their own encyclopedias. The online version of SNL was launched in 2000 and became free to use in 2009. In 2010, Kunnskapsforlaget, the company that owned SNL, announced that they would close the online encyclopedia due to lack of funds. In 2011, two groups called Fritt Ord and Sparebankstiftelsen DNB bought the encyclopedia. In 2014, they made an association with members from universities and non-profit groups. In 2016, they hired a new chief editor, Erik Bolstad.
References
Encyclopedia websites
Norwegian culture
Marek Židlický

Marek Zidlicky (born February 3, 1977) is a Czech NHL ice hockey defenceman. He played for the New Jersey Devils. He also played for the New York Islanders, Detroit Red Wings, Minnesota Wild, and Nashville Predators
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Zidlicky played five seasons in the Czech Extraliga with HC Kladno and four seasons in the SM-liiga with HIFK. He was drafted by the New York Rangers with the 176th overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft.
The Rangers and Zidlicky could not agree on contract terms and he stayed in Finland for a year to play with the HIFK. On December 12, 2002, he was traded along with Rem Murray and Tomas Kloucek to the Nashville Predators for Mike Dunham. During the 2004-05 NHL lockout, he returned to Finland and returned to play for HIFK. He signed a four-year contract worth $13.5 million with the Predators on May 8, 2006.
The Predators traded him to the Minnesota Wild for Ryan Jones and a second round draft pick on July 1, 2008. He played four seasons with the Wild. He was traded to the New Jersey Devils for Kurtis Foster, Nick Palmieri, Stephane Veilleux and a 2nd round draft pick from the Washington Capitals. The Devils resigned him in July 2013.
References
Other websites
1977 births
Czech ice hockey players
Detroit Red Wings players
Living people
Minnesota Wild players
Nashville Predators players
New Jersey Devils players
New York Islanders players
Czech Olympic bronze medalists
Ice hockey defencemen
Sankt Jakob in Haus

Sankt Jakob in Haus is a municipality of the district Kitzbuhel in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Happiness (Alexis Jordan song)

Happiness is a song by Alexis Jordan. It peaked at number-one in three countries. "Happiness" is the lead single from Jordan's debut album Alexis Jordan (2011).
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Alexis Jordan songs
2010 songs
Serhii Parkhomenko

Serhii Ihorovych Parkhomenko ( January 14, 1997, Kharkiv -- May 14, 2022, Gulyaipole, Zaporizhzhia oblast) -- Ukrainian military serviceman, captain of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, participant in the Russian-Ukrainian war. Hero of Ukraine (2022, posthumous).
Biography
He was born on January 14, 1997 in the city of Kharkiv, in a family of military aviators. Since childhood, he dreamed of the sky and wanted to connect his life with aviation. He graduated from the Ivan Bohun Kyiv Military Lyceum.
At the time when his father Ihor Parkhomenko was performing combat missions in the air during the war with Russian proxyes in eastern Ukraine in 2014, Serhiy entered the flight faculty of the Ivan Kozhedub National Technical University, which he successfully graduated in 2019, having obtained the qualification of a 3rd class pilot.
Following the example of his father and grandfather, Serhii expressed a desire to serve in the tactical aviation brigade named after Lieutenant General Vasyl Nikiforov and to fly Su-25 aircraft. Despite his young age, at the time of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, he already held the position of commander of the aviation unit. Since the first day of repelling the Russian invasion of Ukraine, he has carried out 38 sorties in difficult conditions with enemy air defense and fighter aircraft, during which he destroyed more than 20 enemy tanks, more than 50 armored combat vehicles, 55 vehicles, 20 fuel tanks and several hundred soldiers and officers of the Rashists.
For the courage and patriotism shown during the defense of the Motherland against Russian aggression, by Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 292/2022 dated May 2, 2022 he was awarded the Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky III Class.
On May 14, 2022, Captain Serhiy Parkhomenko died heroically while performing a combat mission in the Zaporizhzhia region near the city of Gulyaipole.
Since the hostilities were going on in the region where Serhiy came from, the Hero was buried on May 18, 2022 in Vinnytsia.
He was survived by his parents, wife and son, who was born in March 2022.
Awards
the title of Hero of Ukraine with the award of the "Golden Star" order (May 20, 2022, posthumously) -- for personal courage and heroism, shown in the defense of state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, loyalty to the military oath.
Order of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi III Class (May 2, 2022) -- for personal courage and selfless actions shown in the defense of state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, loyalty to the military oath.
Notes
Sources
Anastasia Olekhnovich, Two months before his death, Hero of Ukraine Serhiy Parkhomenko became a father... // ArmiyaInform. -- 2022. -- May 21.
2022 deaths
1997 births
Marquinho (footballer, born 1976)

Marcos Bonifacio da Rocha (born 7 March 1976) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Tonan Maebashi.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="2"|Football League||26||8||0||0||colspan="2"|-||26||8
|-
|1998||28||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||28||3
|-
|2001||Albirex Niigata||J. League 2||26||1||2||0||0||0||28||1
|-
|2002||Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 2||26||4||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||19||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||20||1
|-
|2005||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2006||21||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|2007||Tonan Gunma||Prefectural Leagues||||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Tonan Maebashi||Prefectural Leagues||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||13||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2009||||||||||||||||
178||18||8||0||0||0||186||18
178||18||8||0||0||0||186||18
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Silva Kaputikyan

Silva Barunaki "Sirvard" Kaputikyan (, 20 January 1919 in Yerevan, Republic of Armenia - 25 August 2006, Yerevan) was a 20th century prominent Armenian poet, writer, academic, and public activist.
In February 1988, during a reception in Kremlin, Mikhail Gorbachev said that he and his wife, Raisa, greatly admired Kaputikyan's poetry. She appeared as herself in the 1992 documentary Parajanov: The Last Spring, about Sergei Paradjanov, a legendary film-maker of Armenian descent who was persecuted by Soviet authorities (Sayat Nova).
Awards
Awards won by Kaputikyan during her career included:
Named "Renowned Master of Arts" by the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1971)
Named "Renowned Worker of Arts" by the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1980)
Received state prizes of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (1952) and the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1988)
Received the Nosside Italian prize
Awarded Ordens of St. Mesrob Mashtots (in Yerevan, Armenia) and Knyaginia Olga
Kaputikyan was also a member of International PEN.
1919 births
2006 deaths
Armenian writers
Armenian activists
Chain mail

Mail, or chain mail, is a type of armour. It is made of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. The Celts are usually credited with inventing mail armour. Celtic mail was usually made in the form of a vest.
Etymology
The origins* of the word "mail" are not fully known. One theory is that it originally comes from the Latin word macula, meaning "spot" or "opacity". Another theory relates the word to the Old French "maillier", meaning "to hammer" (related to the modern English word "malleable"). A mail shirt is a called a hauberk (haubergeon or byrnie). Mail leggings were called chausses. A mail Hood is called a coif and covered the head, neck and shoulders.
*Another possible source is Italian. The word for jersey or sweater, and sometimes shirt, in modern Italian is maglia or, in French, maillot.
History
Many scholars think mail was invented by ancient Celts about the 3rd century BC. At that time their iron work was probably the best in Europe. The Romans quickly adopted it for their own army. A shirt of mail armour weighed about . After a battle it was common practice to strip weapons and armour from the dead. Vikings were known to wear mail armor whenever they could get their hands on it. Mail was expensive, time-consuming to make, and required a supply of iron. It became more expensive as improvements were made in materials and workmanship. Mail armour was in use in Europe until the 15th century.
Modern uses
Mail is today used in gloves to prevent cuts by butchers and firefighters. Some divers wear mail suits when swimming around sharks and particularly when feeding sharks. But mail is heavy and it makes moving around more difficult. Mail is very popular with history reenactors. It is also popular in live action role playing.
Gallery
References
Armour
Sign of the cross

The sign of the cross is a physical gesture made by Catholic and Orthodox Christians, and sometimes also Protestants. It is usually done at the start and end of prayers.
In the Catholic tradition, the right hand goes from the forehead, to the chest, and then to the left and right shoulders (the order of shoulders does not matter). This is sometimes done while saying "Father, Son, Holy Spirit."
In the Orthodox tradition, the tips of the thumb and the middle and index fingers are put together, and the ring finger and little finger are put against the palm. The first three fingers are for faith in the Trinity, and the other two fingers are for the two natures of Jesus, divine and human.
Other websites
Why Do Lutherans Make the Sign of the Cross? - from the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America website
The Power of the Sign of the Cross - (Ukrainian church)
The Sign of the Cross - a Catholic perspective
Significance of the Sign of the Cross
References
Non-verbal communication
Christian symbols
Clara Zetkin

Clara Josephine Zetkin (born Clara Josephine Eissner; 5 July 1857 - 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist and advocate for women's rights.
Clara Zetkin was born in Wiederau. She trained as a teacher at Leipzig Teachers College for Women. During her studies, she became involved with the women's and labour movements. In 1878 she joined the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany. In 1910, she proposed the celebration of International Women's Day, which is celebrated today every 8 March.
Zetkin was a member of the Spartacus League, with Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. She was a member of the Reichstag from 1920 to 1933 for the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
Zetkin died near Moscow.
1857 births
1933 deaths
Feminists
German communist politicians
German Empire politicians
Marxists
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Politicians from Saxony
Politicians of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Refugees from Nazism
Trier

Trier is a city at the Moselle River in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. The population is about 100,000.
Trier is famous for some Roman buildings like the Porta Nigra and others. It is famous as the birthplace of Karl Marx. Trier is also famous for the wine of the wine-growing-region Mosel-Saar-Ruwer.
Districts
The districts of Trier with area and inhabitants (July 2007):
References
Other websites
www.trier.de
History of Trier (German and English)
Another Trier Daily Photo
Trier
Dean Henderson

Dean Bradley Henderson (born 12 March 1997) is an English professional footballer. He plays as a goalkeeper for Manchester United and the England national team.
References
English association football goalkeepers
Manchester United F.C. players
1997 births
Living people
Tone language

A tone language, or tonal language, is a language in which words can differ in tones (like pitches in music) in addition to consonants and vowels.
Many languages, including Mandarin, Vietnamese, Thai, Lao, Hmong, Cantonese, Punjabi, Chittagonian, Yoruba, Igbo, Luganda, Ewe, Lingala, Ciluba and Cherokee are tonal. Other languages, including Indo-European languages such as English and Hindi, are not considered tone languages. They can use Intonation (linguistics) in different ways.
In some languages, it is pitch accent that is important instead. A word's meaning can then change if a different syllable is stressed. Examples include Ancient Greek, Hebrew, Swedish, Norwegian, Serbo-Croatian, Lithuanian, and some Asian languages like Japanese and Korean. However, pitch accent is different from tones.
Some tones may sound alike to people who do not speak a tone language. They are the most difficult part of learning a tone language for those people.
Example
In Mandarin, the most famous example "ma ma ma ma ()" has four different words each pronounced in exactly the same way but with four different tones. If numbers identify the tones, they can be written ma1 ma2 ma3 ma4, which means "mom hemp horse scold." Some ways of romanization mark each tone by a different spelling; ma1 ma2 ma3 ma4 in Pinyin would be written ma mha maa mah in Gwoyeu Romatzyh. Most use numbers or accent marks (ma ma ma ma in Pinyin). There is a passage called Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone Den (). It has 92 characters; all read the same way in Mandarin ("shi") but with different tones.
Mandarin does not have many syllables: the words for "mother," "hemp," "horse," "scold," and a word put at the end of sentences to make it a question are all pronounced "ma:"
"Mother" is "ma" that is high and level.
"Hemp" is "ma" that starts low and ends high.
"Horse" is "ma" that starts fairly high, dips very low, and then goes back up again.
"Scold" is "ma" that starts high and ends low.
To make a question, "ma" is added at the end, but it is kept very soft and short and about the same level.
Mandarin has "first tone," "second tone," "third tone," "fourth tone," and "neutral tone." Other Chinese dialects have more tones, some as many as twelve.
Tonal markings
Vietnamese and Pinyin use accents as the tone marks for the Latin alphabet. Each accent shows an altered sound for the syllable. Most syllables have only one tone marking, but the letters in the syllable can be altered by other markings. Syllables usually form one word in un-hyphenated compound words.
Pinyin may have style differences because its use is to help Westerners. On the other hand, Vietnamese has a national script that always follows and uses the same style.
References
Barnacle goose

The barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) belongs to the genus Branta of black geese. This genus has species with largely black plumage, setting them apart from the grey Anser species.
Description
The barnacle goose is a medium-sized goose, long. Its wingspan is and the body mass is . It has a white face and black head, neck, and upper breast. Its belly is white. The wings and its back are silver-gray with black-and-white bars that look like they are shining when the light reflects on it. During flight a V-shaped white rump patch and the silver-gray underwing linings can be seen.
Ecology, behavior and life history
Barnacle geese often build their nests high on mountain cliffs. This keeps them away from predators (mostly Arctic foxes and polar bears) but also away from food. Like all geese, the goslings are not fed by the adults.
Instead of bringing food to the newly hatched goslings, the goslings are brought to the ground. Unable to fly, the three day old goslings jump off the cliff and fall. Their small size, feathery down, and very light weight helps to protect most of them from serious injury when they hit the rocks below. Some do die from the fall. Arctic foxes are attracted by the noise made by the parent geese during this time. They eat dead or injured goslings. The foxes also stalk the young as they are led by the parents to wetland feeding areas.
References
Geese
Goose, Barnacle
Goose, Barnacle
Ewha Girls' High School

Ewha Girls' High School was the first school for girls in Korea, and was called Ewha Hackdang at first. It is located in Jeong-dong, Jungu, Seoul, Korea. It was founded by Mary Scranton who came to Korea as a Christian missionary in 1885. This school opened in 1886 as a mission school, and the name "Ewha" was granted by Gojong, the 26th king of the Joseon dynasty. It literally means pear blossoms, but the internal meaning is "Be white, clear, innocent like pear blossoms". Ewha Girls' High School is one of the first private schools that are allowed to have autonomy, since 2010.
Great women in history from Ewha
Yu Kwan Soon
The most famous person who has graduated from this high school is Yu Kwan Soon. She was one of the leaders of a great independence movement called the "3.1 movement" while she was in school. At that time, Korea was under the domination of Japan, and the school had to close. Even though she was a young girl student, she resisted with great courage, and died in prison. Later, people praised her bravery, and she got the Order of Merit for National Foundation for effort on independence in 1962, and the Honor Ewha Girls' High School diploma in 1996.
Lee Hui Ho
The wife of Kim Dae Jung, the 15th president of Korea. She was the manager of Young Women's Christian Association of Korea. She was also the director of Korean National Council of Women.
Facilities
They have the eight-story main hall, EWHA 100th Memorial Hall, and library building which was donated from Jeon In Hang. There are also a gymnasium, which is one of the largest in Korea, several tennis courts, and a huge play ground. A simson hall, the oldest building at Ewha Girls' High School, is registered as culture remains.
The open-air theater, Yu Kwan soon memorial building, and Ewha church are famous. The 3.1 independence movement commemorative events are held in this memorial building annually.
References
http://www.ewha.hs.kr
http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=121748
http://www.ewhamirror.com
http://ewhamirror.blogspot.com/
High schools
Schools in South Korea
Division of Robertson

The Division of Robertson is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was one of the 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It was named after Sir John Robertson, the fifth Premier of New South Wales.
The division is located on the coast north of the Hawkesbury River. It includes the towns of Woy Woy, Gosford and Terrigal.
Members
Roger Dean resigned in 1964 to become the Administrator of the Northern Territory. Barry Cohen was the Minister for Home Affairs and the Environment from 1983 to 1984 and then Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Environment until 1987 in the Hawke government.
Election results
References
Other websites
Division of Robertson - Australian Electoral Commission
Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
Benjamin Atiabou

Benjamin Atiabou (born 19 January 2004) is an Austrian professional footballer. He plays as a right-back for 2. Liga club Liefering, on loan from Red Bull Salzburg.
He also plays for FC Salzburg U19 in the UEFA Youth League.
Career
He started his career with the youth teams of SAK 1914, FC Liefering and FC Red Bull Salzburg. In 2018 he came to the Red Bull Salzburg Academy, where he played in all three youth-ranks. 2021 he went on to FC Liefering.
References
2004 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Association football defenders
Players of FC Liefering
Austrian football defenders
Solidarity (Polish trade union)

Solidarity (, pronounced ; full name: Independent Self-governing Trade Union "Solidarity" - Niezalezny Samorzadny Zwiazek Zawodowy "Solidarnosc" ) is a Polish trade union that began on 17 September 1980. It started at the Gdansk Shipyard. Its first leader was Lech Walesa. It was the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by the Communist Party. It had 10 million members. This was one third of the number of people who worked in Poland. Solidarity helped Poland have fairer elections. These elections were important as the country became less communist.
References
History of Poland
1980 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Poland
Trade unions
Solar Wind Composition Experiment

The Solar Wind Composition Experiment (SWC) was an experiment that took place on the Moon during the Apollo program (Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16). It was done to measure the solar wind outside of Earth's magnetosphere. It was the first notable measurement of isotopic solar material.
The experiment was suggested by by a Swiss team headed by Johannes Geiss of the University of Bern and Peter Eberhardt of the Swiss Institute of Technology. It was partially funded by the Swiss Government.
The SWC experiment was done by getting a aluminum sheet and facing it towards the sun. The foil was to collect the ion types and energies of the solar wind on the lunar surface. After the experiment, the sheet was placed into a Teflon bag, and sent back to Earth to be studied. The experiment was successful and found Helium, Neon and Argon isotopic compositions coming from the sun.
References
Other websites
Experiment Operations During Apollo EVAs: Solar Wind Composition
Apollo program
Science experiments
Villevocance

Villevocance is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Like a Prayer (song)

"Like a Prayer" is a 1989 gospel-themed pop rock ballad from the singer Madonna. The song comes from her album of the same name. The single reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100, and on charts in many other countries.
The song was released in March 1989.
Madonna (entertainer) songs
Pop songs
1989 songs
Occoquan, Virginia

Occoquan, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
Mark Warawa

Mark Warawa (May 7, 1950 - June 20, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the Conservative Party. He served as a city councillor in Abbotsford, British Columbia from 1990 to 2004. He was the Member of Parliament for Langley--Aldergrove (formerly Langley) from 2004 until his death in 2019.
Warawa lived in Langley, British Columbia. He was married to Diane and had five children. In April 2019, it was announced that Warawa had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer that had spread to his lungs, colon and lymph nodes. He died on June 20, 2019, in Langley, at the age of 69.
References
Other websites
Mark Warawa - Parliament of Canada biography
1950 births
2019 deaths
Politicians from British Columbia
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
Cancer deaths in British Columbia
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Edge effect

Edge Effect: in Eddy Current is The electromagnetic field produced by an excited test coil extends in all directions from the coil. As test objects geometrical boundaries are approached by the test coil, they are sensed by the coil prior to the coil's arrival at the boundary.
References
Electricity
Ken Dryden

Kenneth Wayne "Ken" Dryden, PC OC, (born August 8, 1947) is a Canadian retired NHL goaltender. Born in Hamilton, Ontario, on August 8, 1947, Dryden was originally drafted by the Boston Bruins in 1964. Rather than play in Boston, Dryden decided to pursue a Bachelor of Arts degree at Cornell University, where he also played hockey until his graduation in 1969.
At Cornell, Dryden led his team to the 1967 NCAA championship and three consecutive ECAC tournament championships. Ken Dryden made his NHL debut in 1970 for the Montreal Canadians, and became the backbone of six Stanley Cup winning teams in the 1970s. Dryden played from 1970 to 1979 (excluding the 1973-74 season when he retired to pursue the requirements for his law degree) and was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1983. After retiring from hockey Dryden became an author and business man. His 1983 book The Game was a commercial and critical success being nominated for a Governor General's Award, the book was about the pressures of being a goalie in the NHL. He then became president of the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey club in 1997.
Dryden was the member of the Canadian Parliament for York Centre from 2004 to 2011.
References
Other websites
Liberal Leadership Homepage
Draft Dryden for Leader
How'd They Vote?: Ken Dryden's voting history and quotes
Political Biography from the Library of Parliament
1947 births
Calder Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Cornell University alumni
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
People from Hamilton
Politicians from Ontario
Stanley Cup champions
Vezina Trophy winners
Writers from Ontario
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Secretary of State for Wales

The secretary of state for Wales (), also known as the Welsh secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom. They are a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom, 19th in the ministerial ranking.
The current Welsh Secretary of State is David Davies since October 2022.
References
Frances Folsom Cleveland

Frances Clara Folsom Cleveland Preston (July 21, 1864 - October 29, 1947) was the wife of the President of the United States Grover Cleveland and the 27th First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897.
Early life
She was born in Buffalo, New York. Her birth name was Frances Clara Folsom. Her parents were Emma C. Harmon and Oscar Folsom. Her father later became a law partner of Grover Cleveland. All of her ancestors were from England. Cleveland was a family friend to Oscar's family. After Oscar's death, Cleveland looked after the family. He arranged for education of Frances Folsom. She studied at Wells College. Cleveland and Frances Folsom sent letters to each other.
Marriage and family
In 1885, Frances Folsom and her mother came to White House to meet Cleveland. Cleveland and Frances Folsom became close to each other, despite being around 27 years younger than Cleveland. On 2 June 1886, they married. This was the first and only couple to wed in the White House. When Frances Folsom became Mrs. Cleveland, she took the role of the First Lady. She gave two receptions every week. She became very popular.
Personal life
In 1888, Cleveland lost the election. The couple lived in New York City. There their first child Ruth was born. In 1893 Cleveland again became the president. Frances Folsom again became active as the First Lady. In 1893, she gave birth to a second child, Esther. In 1895, she bore a third child, named Marion. By the time Cleveland had retired, Frances Folsom had become a very popular First Lady.
The couple retired to live in Princeton, New Jersey. During this time, they had two sons. She was by her husband's side when he died in 1908. In 1913, Frances remarried. Her second husband was Thomas J. Preston, Jr., a professor of archeology.
Death
Frances Folsom lived until the age of 83, and had become well known in the Princeton University community.
She died at age 83 in New Jersey.
First Ladies of the United States
People from Buffalo, New York
Grover Cleveland
1864 births
1947 deaths
Noel Kinsey

Noel Kinsey (24 December 1925 - 24 May 2017) was a Welsh international footballer. He played as an inside right. He won seven international caps and scored 111 goals in 444 league games in a 14-year career in the Football League.
References
1925 births
2017 deaths
English footballers
John Poole (footballer, born 1932)

John Arthur Frederick Poole (12 December 1932 - 2020) was an English football goalkeeper. He made 33 league appearances for Port Vale in the Football League between 1953 and 1961.
He later played for non-League sides Macclesfield Town and Werrington.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
English footballers
Sportspeople from Staffordshire
Luiz Felipe Scolari

Luiz Felipe Scolari (born 9 November 1948) is a Brazilian football manager.
References
1948 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Brazilian football managers
FC Bunyodkor managers
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras managers
Julius Youngner

Julius S. Youngner (24 October 1920 - 27 April 2017) was an American Distinguished Service Professor in the School of Medicine and Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics at University of Pittsburgh responsible for advances necessary for development of a vaccine for poliomyelitis and the first intranasal equine influenza vaccine.
References
1920 births
2017 deaths
American biologists
Educators from New York City
Scientists from New York City
Scientists from Philadelphia
Educators from Philadelphia