pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Joseph Kinsch

Joseph Kinsch (2 May 1933 - 20 October 2022) was a Luxembourgian entrepreneur. Kinsch was the leader of ArcelorMittal, one of the largest steel companies in the world.
Biography
Kinsch started his career in 1960 at ARBED. In 1975 he was appointed director of financial affairs. In 1992 he became general manager of one of the then largest steel concerns, Arcelor Steel. When this was taken over by Mittal Steel, he became CEO of this company. Kinsch retired on 13 May 2008.
In 2012, then Prime Minister of Luxembourg, Jean-Claude Juncker awarded him the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
Kinsch died in Luxembourg City on 20 October 2022, aged 89.
References
Luxembourgian people
Business people
1933 births
2022 deaths
BMW Z4

The BMW Z4 is a rear-wheel drive sports car by the German car maker BMW. It is part of a line of past BMW roadsters such as the BMW Z1, BMW 507, BMW Z8, and the BMW Z3. The Z4 replaces the Z3. First generation production started in 2002 to replace the BMW Z3 introduced in 1995, at a plant in Greer, South Carolina, of BMW US. Both roadster and coupe versions of the car were made.
The Z4's body dimensions were larger and its wheelbase was longer and wider. The suspension was also upgraded to be stiffer and the car was equipped with a sport package which firmed up the steering.
When it came out, it won Automobile magazine's "Design of the Year Award". With the 2009 model year, BMW started making the second-generation Z4 at BMW's Regensburg, Germany plant as a retractable hardtop roadster. In 2009, the BMW Z4 II won the Red Dot Design Award.
References
BMW
Sports cars
Ingenuity (helicopter)

Ingenuity is a small robotic solar helicopter operating on Mars as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission. On 19 April 2021, it successfully completed the first powered controlled flight by an aircraft on a planet besides Earth, taking off vertically, hovering and landing.
As of now, Ingenuity has completed 37 flights.
References
Spacecraft
2020s in spaceflight
Osterzell

Osterzell is a municipality in Ostallgau in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Ostallgau
Utrecht (city)

Utrecht is a city in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the Province of Utrecht and lies in the midst of both the country and the province. About 358,000 were living there in 2020, which makes Utrecht the fourth-largest city in the Netherlands.
Utrecht is an important public transport junction, especially concerning the railways. It contains the largest university of the Netherlands called Utrecht University.
One of the main sights is the Domkerk, a cathedral that was built between 1321 and 1382. In of a storm in 1674, part of the cathedral was destroyed. This part was never rebuilt, so now the tower is separate from the rest of the church.
Utrecht is the main seat of the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands, the archbishop resides here.
References
Other websites
Municipality of Utrecht
Tourist information
FC Utrecht
Cathedral
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Utrecht (province)
Provincial capitals of the Netherlands
Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a kind of disease that involves the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral artery disease.
References
Togo national under-20 football team

The Togo national under-20 football team is a U-20 football team of Togo and have been to the 1987 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Chile.
National sports teams of Togo
African national under-20 football teams
Shaktoolik, Alaska

Shaktoolik is a city in Alaska.
Cities in Alaska
Northamptonshire

Northamptonshire (abbreviated Northants or N'hants) is a county in central England with a population of 629,676 (2001 census). It has borders with Warwickshire, Leicestershire, Rutland, Cambridgeshire, Peterborough, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire (including the Borough of Milton Keynes), Oxfordshire, and Lincolnshire (England's shortest county boundary: 19 metres). The county town is Northampton.
Northamptonshire has often been called the county of "squires and spires" due to its wide variety of historic buildings and country houses.
Northampton is by far the largest town in the county, with a population of 194,122. This is followed by Corby (53,174), Wellingborough (48,428), Kettering (47,000), Rushden (25,849) and Daventry (22,367). Most of the county's population is concentrated in a central north-south.
Cherwell Edge in Northamptonshire () is near the River Cherwell, north-west of Banbury, England. The once heavily wooded hill and valley was mostly cleared many years ago. The area now also covers the nearby Cherwell Edge Golf Club that was recently built by it too. The golf club is used by various local residents.
Places
These are the main settlements in Northamptonshire with a town charter, a population over 5,000, or otherwise notable.
Brackley
Braunston
Brixworth
Corby
Daventry
Kettering
Long Buckby
Naseby
Northampton
Oundle
Pitsford
Raunds
Rothwell
Rushden
Silverstone
Towcester
Thrapston
Weedon Bec
Wellingborough
Two major canals - the Oxford and the Grand Union -- join in the county at Braunston.
A branch of the Grand Union Canal connects to the River Nene in Northampton.
Two trunk railway routes, the West Coast Main Line and the Midland Main Line traverse the county.
Before nationalisation of the railways in 1948 and the creation of British Railways, Northamptonshire was home to three of the "Big Four" railway companies; the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, London and North Eastern Railway and Great Western Railway. Only the Southern Railway was not represented.
Related pages
Aynho
Aynho House
King's Sutton
King's Sutton Railway Station
References
Other websites
1894/5 description
Northants Forum
Ceremonial counties of England
Jan Hooks

Janice "Jan" Hooks (April 23, 1957 - October 9, 2014) was an American actress and comedian. She was best known for her work on NBC's Saturday Night Live (SNL). She starred in SNL from 1986 to 1991. She was also known for her roles in Designing Women, 3rd Rock From the Sun, The Simpsons, and in Batman Returns.
Hooks died on October 9, 2014 in Woodstock, New York from non-chemo reactive throat cancer, aged 57.
References
Other websites
Notice of death of Jan Hooks, tmz.com; October 9, 2014; accessed October 9, 2014
"SNL" sketch - Jan Hooks as Bette Davis in a videotaped reading of her will, NBC.com; accessed October 9, 2014
1957 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from throat cancer
Cancer deaths in New York (state)
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Comedians from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Decatur, Georgia
Schirnding

Schirnding is a municipality in Wunsiedel in Bavaria in Germany. Schirnding station is a border station on the Nuremberg-Cheb railway.
References
Wunsiedel (district)
Crinkle crankle wall

A crinkle crankle wall is a brick wall built in alternate convex and concave curves. It is sometimes described as a serpentine wall or a wavy wall. It is found most often in England, though the idea has been used elsewhere. The walls do look elegant, but the main object is practical. The format resists the usual pushes from the surrounding earth, and so needs fewer repairs than straight walls do.
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) incorporated serpentine walls into the architecture of the University of Virginia, which he founded. On both sides of its rotunda and down the length of the lawn are ten pavilions. Each has its own walled garden separated by crinkle crankle walls.
Many crinkle crankle walls are found in East Anglia, England. There the marshes of The Fens were drained by Dutch engineers, starting in the mid-1600s. They apparently introduced the idea. The county of Suffolk has at least 50 examples, twice as many as in the rest of the country. The term "crinkle crankle" is said to derive from a Suffolk dialect. The crinkle crankle wall running from the former manor house to All Saints' Church in the estate village of Easton is believed to be the longest existing example.
The idea, which is never seen in cities, is not that uncommon in south-eastern England. The ancient village of Wheathampstead in Hertfordshire has a crinckle-crankle wall near its church. It has needed far less maintenance than the straight walls in the vicinity.
In Lymington, Hampshire, there are at least two examples of crinkle crankle walls. The older of the two is thought to have been constructed at the time of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) by exiled Hanoverian soldiers living in a nearby house.
References
Walls
Okayama, Okayama

is the capital city of Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshu.
It is a core city in Japan.
Related pages
Fagiano Okayama
Okayama Prefectural Museum
References
Other websites
http://www.city.okayama.jp/english/index.html ;
Cities in Japan
Settlements in Okayama Prefecture
1344

1344 was a leap year.
Events
English king Edward III creates three new gold coins, the florin. leopard, and helm. Unfortunately the amount of gold in the coins is different from their worth of six shillings, three shillings, one shilling, and sixpence. Because of this, they had to be taken back and many were melted down by August.
Births
Meinhard III, Count of Tyrol
Parameswara, Malay Srivijayan prince (died 1424)
Deaths
Constantine IV of Armenia
Gersonides, French rabbi and mathematician (born 1288)
Jaghmini, Persian physician
Simone Martini, Sienese painter (born 1284)
William Montacute, 1st Earl of Salisbury (born 1301)
(524522) 2002 VE68

(524522) 2002 VE68 is an asteroid and a temporary quasi-satellite of Venus. It was the first quasi-satellite to be found around a planet in the Solar System. It looks like it travels around Venus during one Venerean year but it actually orbits the Sun, not Venus.
Discovery, orbit and physical properties
It was discovered on 11 November 2002 at Lowell Observatory. It has a semi-major axis of 0.7237 AU. Its eccentricity is 0.4104. Its orbital inclination is 9.0060deg. It is calculated to measure 236 meters in diameters. Its rotational period is 13.5 hours.
Potentially hazardous asteroid
2002 VE68 is in the Minor Planet Center list of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) because it frequently comes as close as 0.05 AU (7,479,894 km) to Earth. It comes as close as 0.04 AU (5,983,915 km) every 8 years.
References
Asteroids
Astronomical objects
Ernie Hunt

Roger Patrick "Ernie" Hunt (17 March 1943 - 20 June 2018) was an English footballer. He played in the Football League for Swindon Town, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Everton, Coventry City, Doncaster Rovers and Bristol City, and for the Los Angeles Wolves in the United Soccer Association.
At international level, he was capped three times for the England under-23 team.
Hunt died in Gloucestershire on 20 June 2018 of complications from Alzheimer's disease, aged 75.
References
Other websites
League stats at Neil Brown's site
Stats and photo at Sporting Heroes
1943 births
2018 deaths
People from Swindon
English footballers
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Lichfield

Lichfield is a small city in Staffordshire, England.
The first part of the name comes from a nearby Roman-British village called Letocetum. It was captured by the Mercians some time before 669, when it was called Licidfelth. Between 786 and 803, the Christian archbishop in England was here, instead of Canterbury.
References
Towns in Staffordshire
Cities in England
Civil parishes in Staffordshire
Jerzy Szczakiel

Jerzy Szczakiel (28 January 1949 - 1 September 2020) was a Polish Speedway rider. He was one of three Polish nationals to win the Speedway World Championship. He won the championship in 1973. He was born in Grudzice, Poland.
Szczakiel died on 1 September 2020 in Paris, aged 71.
References
1949 births
2020 deaths
Polish speedway riders
Dogecoin

Dogecoin is a Bitcoin-based digital currency (cryptocurrency). It was created by Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer on 8 December 2013, and was inspired by the Shiba Inu featured in the "Doge" internet meme. Palmer and Markus launched the coin on Dec. 6, 2013. Two weeks later on Dec. 19, the value of Dogecoin jumped 300%, perhaps due to China forbidding its banks from investing in cryptocurrency. Doge functions based on the Scrypt technology. It has unlimited emission, and fast transaction processing speed.
Users can buy and sell Dogecoin on digital currency exchanges. They can opt to store their Dogecoin on an exchange or in a Dogecoin wallet.
Dogecoin.com promotes the currency as the "fun and friendly Internet currency", referencing its origins as a "joke."
Elon Musk frequently mentions or talks about Dogecoin on his Twitter account, boosting its popularity significantly in recent years.
References
Cryptocurrency
Nokia 3310

This is about the original phone. For the 2017 edition, see Nokia 3310 (2017).
Nokia 3310 is a GSM mobile phone. It was developed by the Nokia Corporation and launched in September 1999 at the Mobile World Congress. The worldwide release was on September 1st, 2000.
History
The Nokia 3310 was announced by the Nokia Corporation in September 1999 at the Mobile World Congress.
Nokia 3310 2017 version
The new Nokia 3310 2017 Edition was announced at the 2013 Mobile World Congress. The Nokia 3310 was remade in 2017.
New features included a 2.4" polarized and curved color screen, 3G connectivity, Bluetooth 3.0, and an updated version of the Snake game.
Design
The Nokia 3310 was renamed to "Gresso 3310" by Risso Kwan in January 1999. The Nokia 3310 changed to Gresso Titanium. The design ensures Nokia 3310 support worldwide.
Gallery
Related pages
Nokia
Nokia 6300
Nokia 3510
Nokia mobile phones
Mobile phones released in 2000s
Obersteckholz

Obersteckholz is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Bern
Carbon–hydrogen bond

The carbon-hydrogen bond (C-H bond) is a bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms. It can be found in many organic compounds. This bond is a covalent bond. Carbon-hydrogen bonds have a bond length of about 1.09 A (1.09 x 10-10 m). It has a bond energy of about 413 kJ/mol. Using Pauling's scale--C (2.55) and H (2.2)--the electronegativity difference between the carbon and hydrogen atoms is 0.35.
References
Organic chemistry
Chemical bonding
Swish Swish

"Swish Swish" is a song by American singer Katy Perry. It features a rap from American rapper Nicki Minaj. The song is from Perry's fifth studio album, Witness. It talks about overcoming bullying and has sounds of house music throughout it. It was released in May 2017 as a promotional single with the pre-order of Witness, but it was released later as an official single on May 19.
The song entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 46.
Perry and Minaj first performed the song on TV at the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards, which Perry hosted.
Background
Critics have said that the song is about singer Taylor Swift. She and Perry have had a rivalry since 2013, when Swift accused Perry of "stealing" backup dancers on tour. Swift released the song "Bad Blood" in 2014, which was rumored to be about her feud with Perry. Perry has revealed that she is ready to move on from the feud.
Music video
The music video stars several celebrities, such as actor Terry Crews and Internet personality Christine Sydelko. The setting is a basketball game against the Tigers (Perry's team) and the Sheep. A contest was held to determine what fans would appear in the video. The video is over six minutes long.
References
Katy Perry songs
2017 songs
After Hours (album)

After Hours is the seventh studio album by Canadian recording artist The Weeknd. It was released on March 20, 2020, by XO and Republic Records.
The album broke the record for most pre-adds on Apple Music before release, with over one million pre-adds on the streaming service.
Singles
Four singles have been released from the album: "Heartless", "Blinding Lights", "In Your Eyes", and "Save Your Tears". The first was released on November 27, 2019, and the second was released two days later. "Heartless" became the singer's fourth number-one song on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States.
"Blinding Lights" became his fifth U.S. number-one, also breaking the record for most weeks in the top five of the Billboard Hot 100, with 28 weeks there so far. It also broke the record for most weeks at the top of the Hot 100 Airplay chart. It finished as the number-one song of 2020 in the US.
"In Your Eyes" was released as a remix with American recording artist Doja Cat on May 20, 2020. Another remix with saxophonist Kenny G was released October 16, 2020. The album version of the song reached number 16 on the US Hot 100.
"Save Your Tears" was released as the album's fourth single. After a remix of the song with American singer Ariana Grande was released, the song became the sixth US number-one for both artists.
Tour
On February 3, 2021, Tesfaye announced a tour for the album, scheduled to begin in Vancouver on January 14, 2022.
However, Tesfaye later revealed that he wanted to do a joint tour for both After Hours and the following album Dawn FM. This would require stadiums and not arenas, with new dates scheduled to begin summer 2022.
References
Notes
2020 albums
R&B albums
The Weeknd albums
Paramedic

A paramedic is a health care professional who works for the emergency medical services, usually on an ambulance. They help people who have been injured or become ill very suddenly.
Paramedics can do many different things to decide what the problem is and to treat the patient at the scene. If it is needed, they then take the person to a hospital in the ambulance. They try to prevent the person's illness from getting worse before they reach the hospital, where doctors and nurses will take over care. Paramedics have to work in many different types of emergency, and cannot predict what the next one will be.
People often use the term "paramedic" for anyone who works on an ambulance. However, not all ambulance crew have paramedic as their job title. "Emergency Medical Technicians" or "Emergency Care Assistants" do similar work but have less training. Some ambulances also have doctors and nurses. In many countries, the title of "paramedic" is for those who have taken a specific training course.
Videos
Ambulance (Urgences-Sante) 911 call
References
Other websites
Emergency Health Services of Quebec (in French)
Emergency services
Healthcare occupations
Shabab Al Ahli Club

Al-Ahli Dubai is a football club which plays in United Arab Emirates. The club last made it to 8th place in the UAE Football League.
United Arab Emirati football clubs
Sport in Dubai
Comines-Warneton

Comines-Warneton is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.
In 2007, 17544 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 46 North, 03deg 00 East.
References
Municipalities of Hainaut
Ruffigné

Ruffigne is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
References
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Charles Gain

Charles Gain (November 1, 1923 - August 21, 2018) was an American police official. He was born in Hanford, California. He first was police chief for Oakland, California, then as chief in San Francisco in the 1970s.
In 1975, Gain was appointed to run the San Francisco Police Department by Mayor George Moscone and was until 1980.
Gain died from respiratory failure in San Francisco on August 21, 2018 at the age of 94.
References
1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in San Francisco
American police officers
People from San Francisco
People from Oakland, California
Colleen Hanabusa

Colleen Wakako Hanabusa (born May 4, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician. She was the U.S. Representative for the 1st District of Hawaii from 2011 to 2015 and again from 2016 to 2019.
Early life
Colleen was born in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1951. She is the daughter of Japanese American parents. She calls herself Yonsei, which means that she is the great-granddaughter of people born in Japan who immigrated to the US.
References
Other websites
Congresswoman Colleen Hanabusa at U.S. House website
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
1951 births
Living people
United States representatives from Hawaii
Politicians from Honolulu
Businesspeople from Hawaii
Lawyers from Hawaii
Maxwell Frost

Maxwell Alejandro Frost (born January 17, 1997) is an American activist and Democratic politician. He is the U.S. representative for Florida's 10th congressional district since 2023. Before, he was the national organizing director for March for Our Lives.
Frost is the first person from Generation Z to be elected to Congress and the second born in the 1990s, after Madison Cawthorn.
References
1997 births
Living people
American political activists
United States representatives from Florida
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
African American politicians
Ghanche District

Ghanche District is the easternmost district of the Northern Areas, Pakistan. To its northeast is Xinjiang, China, to the north and northwest is Skardu District, to its west is Astore District and to its south is Leh District (Ladakh Division) in the Indian occupied territories of Jammu and Kashmir. The line of control along the eastern most region of Ghanche District cuts through the Siachen Glacier and is not permanent because of the conflict (It has been proposed by moderates in Pakistan and India to make the Siachen Glacier region a Peace Park).
The capital of Ghanche District is Khaplu. This is the coldest place within Pakistan also called the "Third Pole" with temperatures reaching below in the winter. Khaplu and Hushe valleys form the gateway for the great Baltoro Muztagh, the subrange of Karakoram that includes the mighty peaks of K2 (8,611 m), Broad Peak (8,047 m), Gasherbrums (8,000+ m) and Masherbrum (7,821 m) (all of which are included in the Skardu District).
Tehsils
Khaplu Tehsil
Mashabrum Tehsil
Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan
Tedim language

Tedim language is a language of India and Burma. It is a Kukish language.
References
Sino-Tibetan languages
Arthur, Nebraska

Arthur is a village in Nebraska in the United States. It is the county seat of Arthur County. It is named after U.S. President Chester A. Arthur. The population was 128 as of 2020.
History
It was founded in 1913, and became the county seat of Arthur County. It was incorporated in 1944.
Villages in Nebraska
County seats in Nebraska
Landmark 81

Landmark 81 is a supertall skyscraper in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The investor and primary developer is Vinhomes, a Vietnamese company that is also the country's largest real-estate company. Landmark 81 is the tallest building in Vietnam, the second tallest building in Southeast Asia, and the 17th tallest building in the world.
References
Buildings and structures in Vietnam
Tony Popovic

Tony Popovic (born 4 July 1973) is a former Australian football player. He has played for Australia national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="4"|Sydney Croatia||rowspan="4"|National Soccer League||13||0||||||||||13||0
|-
|1990/91||17||1||||||||||17||1
|-
|1991/92||20||1||||||||||20||1
|-
|1992/93||24||2||||||||||24||2
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="4"|Sydney United||rowspan="4"|National Soccer League||27||2||||||||||27||2
|-
|1994/95||25||3||||||||||25||3
|-
|1995/96||29||4||||||||||29||4
|-
|1996/97||7||2||||||||||7||2
|-
|1997||rowspan="5"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||11||0||0||0||6||0||17||0
|-
|1998||25||4||3||1||2||1||30||6
|-
|1999||23||6||5||0||1||0||29||6
|-
|2000||21||3||2||0||3||2||26||5
|-
|2001||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Crystal Palace||rowspan="3"|First Division||20||2||||||||||20||2
|-
|2002/03||36||4||||||||||36||4
|-
|2003/04||30||1||||||||||30||1
|-
|2004/05||Premier League||23||0||||||||||23||0
|-
|2005/06||League Championship||10||0||||||||||10||0
|-
|2006/07||Al-Arabi Doha||Stars League||17||2||||||||||17||2
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Sydney||rowspan="2"|A-League||18||1|||||||||18||1
|-
|2008/09||7||0||||||||||7||0
187||17||||||||||187||17
87||13||10||1||12||3||109||17
119||7||||||||||119||7
17||2||||||||||17||2
410||39||10||1||12||3||432||43
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1995||8||0
|-
|1996||10||0
|-
|1997||2||0
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||7||1
|-
|2001||10||5
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||2||1
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||8||0
|-
|2006||4||1
|-
!Total||58||8
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Sportspeople from Sydney
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Sun Country Airlines

Sun Country Airlines is an American low-fare airline. It was started by many former Braniff International Airways employees. It is headquartered in the Dakota County suburb of Eagan, Minnesota. Sun Country uses nearby Minneapolis/Saint Paul International Airport as a hub. It currently flies to 43 destinations throughout the Caribbean, United States, Mexico, and Costa Rica.
Most of Sun Country's routes either arrive in or depart from Minneapolis-St. Paul. The airline also sometimes has flights between other cities, including Dallas, Texas
Sun Country has Boeing 737 airplanes.
References
Airlines of the United States
Low-cost airlines
Companies based in Minnesota
1982 establishments in the United States
Steam locomotives of British Railways

The steam locomotives of British Railways were used by British Railways over the period 1948-1968. The majority of these were inherited from the Big Four British railway companies. In the 1950s, new British Railways Standard steam locomotives were introduced.
Numbering
BR locomotives were numbered in the following series:
1 series, former Great Western Railway steam locomotives
10,000 series, diesel locomotives and electric locomotives
30,000 series, former Southern Railway steam locomotives
40,000 and 50,000 series, former London, Midland and Scottish Railway steam locomotives
60,000 series, former London and North Eastern Railway steam locomotives
70,000 series, British Railways Standard steam locomotives
90,000 series, former War Department steam locomotives (originally in 70,000 series)
92,000 series, BR Standard Class 9F
Steam locomotives
Devanagari

Devanagari (devnaagrii) is an abugida and brahmic script used to write many North Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, Nepal Bhasa and Nepali from Nepal and sometimes Kashmiri or Sindhi. About a hundred smaller languages also use Devanagari.
Other websites
Unicode
Indo-Aryan languages
Writing systems
Serotiny

Serotiny is an ecological adaptation of some seed plants.
In these plants, seed release occurs in response to an environmental trigger. The most common and best studied trigger is fire. However, the term serotiny may refer more broadly to plants that release their seeds over a long period of time, irrespective of the trigger or whether release is spontaneous. In this sense, the term is synonymous with bradyspory.
References
Plant physiology
Anne of Bohemia

Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 - 7 June 1394) was the queen of Richard II of England. She was the oldest daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Elizabeth of Pomerania.
Many people did not like the marriage. It did not bring money and very little other benefits. Richard gave 20,000 florins (around PS4,000,000 in today's value) in payment to her brother Wenceslas. The only benefit, which was said to be small, was that England could trade freely in both Bohemian lands, and lands of the Holy Roman Empire.
Anne and King Richard II were married in Westminster Abbey on 22 January 1382. The wedding was the fifth royal wedding in Westminster Abbey. It was not followed by any other royal wedding in Westminster Abbey for another 537 years.
They were married for 12 years, but had no children. Anne's death from plague in 1394 at Sheen Manor was hard for Richard. His later unwise conduct lost him the throne. Richard married his second wife, Isabella of Valois, on 31 October 1396.
Anne of Bohemia is known to have made the sidesaddle more popular to ladies of the Middle Ages.
References
People buried in Westminster Abbey
Kings and Queens consort of England
1366 births
1394 deaths
Bohemia
Uzos

Uzos is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Uzos
Husband and Lovers

La villa del venerdi (internationally released as Husband and Lovers) is a 1991 Italian erotic drama movie directed by Mauro Bolognini and starring Julian Sands, Joanna Pacula, Tcheky Karyo, Lara Wendel, Jeanne Valerie.
Other websites
1991 drama movies
1990s erotic movies
Italian drama movies
Movies directed by Mauro Bolognini
Hofheim, Bavaria

Hofheim in Unterfranken ) is a city in Hassberge, Unterfranken, Bavaria in Germany.
The municipality consists of the town of Hofheim and the villages of Eichelsdorf, Erlsdorf, Gossmannsdorf, Lendershausen, Manau, Ostheim, Reckertshausen, Rugheim and Sulzbach.
References
Hassberge (district)
Louis Stokes

Louis Stokes (February 23, 1925 - August 18, 2015) was an American attorney and politician. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He served 15 terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1969 through 1999. He was the first black congressman elected in the state of Ohio.
Stokes died in Cleveland, Ohio from lung and brain cancer, aged 90.
References
Other websites
Western Reserve Historical Society's website about the lives of Louis and Carl Stokes
Collections
Stokes: An American Dream on PBS's World channel
1925 births
2015 deaths
African American politicians
American military personnel of World War II
Cancer deaths in Ohio
Deaths from brain cancer
Deaths from lung cancer
Military people from Ohio
Politicians from Cleveland
United States representatives from Ohio
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from Cleveland
Bernard Lewis

Bernard Lewis, FBA (May 31, 1916 - May 19, 2018) was a British-American historian. He worked in the oriental studies. He was also known as a public intellectual and political commentator.
Lewis died on May 19, 2018, at the age of 101, in Voorhees Township, New Jersey twelve days before his 102nd birthday.
References
Other websites
Lewis's Princeton University homepage
The ASMEA Website
Atlantic Monthly: "The Roots of Muslim Rage"
Revered and Reviled - Moment Magazine profile of Bernard Lewis
Interview with Bernard Lewis at National Review Online
1916 births
2018 deaths
American centenarians
American historians
English centenarians
English historians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from London
Rick Moranis

Frederick Allan "Rick" Moranis (born April 18, 1953) is a Canadian actor, comedian, screenwriter and songwriter. He was nominated for a Grammy Award twice. He was known for his role in the movie, Honey, I Shrunk the Kids and in the Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show. He is also known for appearing in Ghostbusters, The Flintstones, Spaceballs, and in Little Shop of Horrors.
Filmography
Other websites
rickmoranis.com
Rick Moranis, Singing 'Cowboy', a December 2005 story from Weekend Edition
OpEd Piece by Moranis from the NY Times website
Rick Moranis Interview Proton Charging May 27, 2006
Radio Interview Rick Moranis 2006
1953 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian musicians
Canadian screenwriters
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Comedians from Toronto
Emmy Award winners
Musicians from Ontario
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Toronto
Green Eyes (song)

Green Eyes is a popular song. It was originally written in Spanish under the title Aquellos Ojos Verdes ("Those Green Eyes") by Adolfo Utrera and Nilo Menendez, 1929. The English translation was made by Eddie Rivera and Eddie Woods in 1931.
The song was a bolero, written in 1929 and recorded in Cuba the same year. The English version of the song, written in 1931, became a major hit ten years later when recorded by the Jimmy Dorsey orchestra. On 78 rpm records, Green eyes was backed by Maria Elena, which was also a hit.The record first reached the Billboard charts on May 9, 1941 and lasted 21 weeks on the chart, peaking at #1. Both numbers have been covered many times, especially in Latin music circles.
References
Spanish-language songs
Dance songs
Latin music
Numazu

is a Japanese city in Shizuoka Prefecture on the island of Honshu.
It has been recognized as a special city since 2000.
History
In the Edo period, Numazu-juku and Hara-juku was the 12th and 13th of 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tokaido road which connected Edo and Kyoto. Both Tokaido rest stops are within the boundaries of modern Numazu.
Related pages
The Fifty-three Stations of the Tokaido
References
Other websites
http://www.city.numazu.shizuoka.jp/living_in/english.htm ,
Cities in Japan
Settlements in Shizuoka Prefecture
Desktop environment

In graphical user interfaces and consoles a desktop environment is a location on a personal computer that helps the user get around on the computer. The desktop itself is a place in the operating system used for short cuts to computer files and folders on the hard drive. Computer icons (small pictures) are used to represent files/folders. Clicking these icons will open or start a folder or program. The desktop is the area where the start menu is if the computer has a start menu.
Usually the desktop is the main screen on the computer. If no programs or folders are open, the computer will display the desktop.
The most common desktop environment on personal computers is the one given by Microsoft Windows; another common environment is the one given by Apple Mac OS X. Other mostly-used desktop environments for Unix-like operating systems using the are KDE, GNOME, Xfce. There are also other desktop environments, including : Aston, EDE, Graphical Environment Manager, IRIX Interactive Desktop, Sun's Java Desktop System, Mezzo, Project Looking Glass, ROX Desktop, UDE, Xito, XFast.
Examples of Desktop Environments
Software
Desktop Environments
Long Island (Antigua and Barbuda)

Long Island is an island that is part of Antigua and Barbuda. It was discovered by Christopher Columbus.
Geography of Antigua and Barbuda
Caribbean islands
Laverdines

Laverdines is a former commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Cher department in central France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Baugy.
References
Former communes in Cher
Penlight

A penlight is a small flashlight in the shape of a pen. A penlight usually uses a small light known as an "LED" (Light Emitting Diode) but it can also use a small lightbulb made just for small flashlights.
The LED lights up when power is run through it. Making the penlight light up is as simple as pressing a button, or screwing the end on tighter so it makes contact with the batteries.
Most of the time, penlights use two or three AA, AAA, or AAAA batteries. AAAA are a newer, thinner type of battery, most commonly found in small electronics. It started with the AA size batteries.
Penlights can be made out of plastic or metal, and can be any color. They most often have a little clip, to hold it on your shirt or something.
Light sources
en:Penlight
Børge Ring

Borge Ring (17 February 1921 - 27 December 2018) was a Danish screenwriter, director and animator. His 1978 short movie Oh My Darling won the Best Short Film award at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, and his 1984 short movie Anna & Bella won the Best Animated Short Film award at the Academy Awards.
Ring died on 28 December 2018 in Ravenstein, Netherlands at the age of 97.
References
Academy Award winning directors
Animators
Danish screenwriters
1921 births
2018 deaths
Danish movie directors
Nintendo Network

The Nintendo Network is the online service for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U. A Nintendo Network ID is required to use it.
Nintendo
Thundorf, Switzerland

Thundorf is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
References
Municipalities of Thurgau
Mexican Australians

According to the 2016 Australian Census, 4,872 Mexicans lived in Australia. Mexicans are concentrated in New South Wales with the population of 1,703 followed by Victoria (1,478), Queensland (761) and Western Australia (359). The first Mexican person recorded in Australia was a male living in Tasmania in 1881.
References
Mexican people
Australian people
Attilio Mariani

Attilio Mariani was an Italian architect and designer, one of the protagonists of Italian design of the 1950s. is an archistar among the protagonists of the birth of Italian design active in the fifties.
Mariani graduated from the Politenico di Milano in 1947 and collaborated with Franco Albini.
The best known masterpiece is the Abstract House in Viale Beatrice d'Este 24 created with Carlo Perogalli, assistant to Enrico Griffini at the Milan Polytechnic, and the artist Mario Ballocco and the adjacent Palazzo in Viale Beatrice d'Este 26, in the Quadronno district of Milan, built in 1952 and inspired by the theories developed on the synthesis of the arts by (MAC-Movimento Arte Concreta). Mariani will also build the buildings in Via Carlo Crivelli 9 and Via Carlo Crivelli 15 in the Quadronno district.
Works
1952, The Abstract House, Viale Beatrice d'Este 24 created with Carlo Perogalli and the artist Mario Ballocco
1952, Palazzo in Viale Beatrice d'Este 26, in the Quadronno district of Milan
Via Carlo Crivelli 9
Via Carlo Crivelli 15 in the Quadronno district
References
Bibliography
Attilio Mariani architetto, 1977
A Milano. Attilio Mariani e Carlo Perogalli, arch.tti, in "Domus", ndeg 309, 1955, p. 7
Francesco Aghemio, Nuove case a Milano, in "Edilizia moderna", ndeg 66, 1959, pp. 39-44
Renato Bazzoni, Gioco coloristico in una costruzione, in "Edilizia moderna", ndeg 61, 1957, pp. 77-80
Gli archivi di architettura in Lombardia. Censimento delle fonti", a cura di G.L. Ciaga, edito nel 2003 dal Centro di Alti Studi sulle Arti Visive, con la collaborazione della Soprintendenza archivistica della Lombardia e del Politecnico di Milano
Other websites
Attilio Mariani Beni Culturali
Opere di Attilio Mariani Beni Culturali
Mariani e Perogalli, La Casa Astratta
Carteggi di Attilio Mariani Beni Culturali
Italian designers
1921 births
Aurora (aircraft)

The Aurora (supposedly called the SR-91 Aurora) is a possible surveillance aircraft. No one knows if it ever existed. Supposedly, it was meant for trying out hypersonic flight, or speeds above 5 times the speed of sound. The name "Aurora" was used for the aircraft because in 1985, it appeared on an American military funding list. It might have been to replace the SR-71 Blackbird.
Aurora sightings
In 1989, a man named Chris Gibson was working on an oil rig when he saw a KC-135 Stratotanker, two F-111 Aardvarks, and a triangle-shaped craft refueling. He did not know what it was. During 1991 in Southern California, there were a lot of sonic booms being heard. There was also a pulse coming out of the engine. The most recent sighting was in 2006.
Related pages
Unidentified flying object
References
Individual aircraft
2001: A Space Odyssey (movie)

2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 science fiction movie. It was directed by Stanley Kubrick. It was written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke. The movie deals with human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence, and extraterrestrial life. The science aspects in the movie seem very real. It had new special effects. It used images and sound to show meaning and did not use much talking. The music at the beginning is the start of a symphonic poem by Richard Strauss called "Also Sprach Zarathustra".
It received some good and some bad reviews when it was released. Now 2001: A Space Odyssey is recognized by critics as one of the greatest movies ever made; a sample of critics in 2002 placed it among the top ten movies of all time. It was nominated for four Academy Awards, and it was given an award for visual effects. In 1991, it was thought to be "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" (i.e. important for culture, history and aesthetics) by the United States Library of Congress and was chosen to be kept in their National Film Registry.
References
1968 movies
1968 science fiction movies
American epic movies
American science fiction movies
British science fiction movies
Movies about artificial intelligence
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Stanley Kubrick
Movies set in 2001
Movies set in the future
United States National Film Registry movies
Gravitational constant

The gravitational constant, called in physics equations, is an empirical physical constant. It is used to show the force between two objects caused by gravity. The gravitational constant appears in Isaac Newton's universal law of gravitation.
is about Nm2/kg2, and is denoted by letter . In the SI system, the constant is equal to the force in newtons that two objects, each with a mass of 1 kilogram, exert on each other at a distance of 1 meter.
It usually appears in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation, and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. It is also known as the universal gravitational constant, Newton's constant, and colloquially as Big G. It should not be confused with "small g" (g), which is the local gravitational field of the Earth (equivalent to the free-fall acceleration).
References
Relativity
Gravitation
Walter Mirisch

Walter Mortimer Mirisch (November 8, 1921 - February 24, 2023) is an American movie producer. He is president and executive head of production of The Mirisch Corporation. His brother Marvin and half-brother Harold were also producers. He won the Academy Award for Best Picture as producer of In the Heat of the Night (1967).
Mirisch was married to Patricia Kahan (1924-2005); they had three children, Anne Mirisch Sonnenberg, Andrew Mirisch, and Lawrence Mirisch. His son, Lawrence, is the founder of the Mirisch Agency.
Mirisch turned 100 on November 8, 2021, and died of natural causes in Los Angeles on February 24, 2023, at the age of 101.
References
Other websites
Walter Mirisch Papers at the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research.
Walter Mirisch at the TCM Movie Database
Movie producers from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
1921 births
2023 deaths
Broom (shrub)

Brooms are a group of evergreen, semi-evergreen, and deciduous shrubs.
All the brooms and their relatives (including Laburnum and Ulex) grow in Europe, north Africa and southwest Asia. The greatest diversity one can find in the Mediterranean region. Many brooms (though not all) are fire-climax species, adapted to regular stand-replacing fires which kill the above-ground parts of the plants, but create conditions for regrowth from the roots and also for germination of stored seeds in the soil.
The most familiar is common broom, that grows in northwestern Europe. One can find it in sunny sites, usually on dry, sandy soils. Like most brooms, it has apparently leafless stems that in spring and summer are covered with golden-yellow flowers. In late summer, its pea-pod like seed capsules burst open, often with an audible pop, spreading seed from the parent plant. It makes a shrub about 1-3m tall, rarely to 4m. It is also the hardiest broom, tolerating temperatures down to about -25 degC.
The brooms belong to the subfamily Faboideae of the legume family Fabaceae, mainly in the three genera Chamaecytisus, Cytisus and Genista, but also in five other small genera (see box, right). All genera in this group are from the tribe Genisteae (syn. Cytiseae). These genera are all closely related and share similar characteristics of dense, slender green stems and very small leaves, adaptations to dry growing conditions. Most of the species have yellow flowers, but a few have white, orange, red, pink or purple flowers.
Folklore
A traditional rhyme from Sussex says: "Sweep the house with blossed broom in May/sweep the head of the household away." Despite this, it was also common to include a decorated bundle of broom at weddings. Ashes of broom were used to treat dropsy, while its strong smell was said to be able to tame wild horses and dogs.
Gallery
References
Mabey, Richard Flora Britannica, Sinclair-Stevenson, London, 1996,
Royal Horticultural Society's plant database (Accessed 20:53, 29 October 2006 (UTC))
Faboideae
Wader

Wader is a common term in ornithology for birds which walk about in shallow water. Sometimes they are called shore-birds. They are members of the order Charadriiformes, which are water birds. The Charadriiformes also includes marine-going seabirds with webbed feet. The evolutionary relationships of these birds are very complicated.
Most waders live in wetland or coastal environments. Many species of Arctic and temperate regions are strongly migratory, but tropical birds are often resident. Some of the Arctic species, such as little stint, are amongst the longest distance migrants, spending the non-breeding season in the southern hemisphere.
Most species eat small invertebrates picked out of mud or exposed soil. Different lengths of bills allow different species to feed in the same habitat without direct competition for food. Many waders have sensitive nerve endings at the end of their bills which let them detect prey hidden in mud or soft soil. Some larger species, especially those adapted to drier habitats, take larger prey like insects and small reptiles.
Many of the smaller species found in coastal habitats are often called "sandpipers". The smallest member of this group is the least sandpiper, small adults of which can weigh as little as 15.5 grams and measure just over 13 cm (5 inches). The largest species is believed to be the Far Eastern curlew, at about 63 cm (25 inches) and 860 grams (1.9 lb), although the beach thick-knee, is the heaviest at about 1 kg (2.2 lb).
References
Charadriiformes
Dan Ryan Expressway

The Dan Ryan Expressway is a freeway in the city of Chicago that runs from the Circle Interchange with I-290 near downtown Chicago through the South Side of the city.
It is designated as both Interstate 94 and Interstate 90 south to 66th Street, a distance of . It then becomes just Interstate 94 at the split with the Chicago Skyway (which leads to Interstate 90), with a remaining distance of .
This is a total distance of . The freeway was named for Dan Ryan, Jr., a former president of the Cook County Board of Commissioners.
References
Other websites
Dan Ryan Expressway (I-90 and I-94) at Steve Anderson's ChicagoRoads.com
Historic, Current & Average Travel Times For The Dan Ryan Expressway
Transport in Chicago
Ben Nsibandze

Benjamin Mshamndane Nsibandze (17 June 1931 - 13 January 2021) was a Swazi politician. He was Deputy Prime Minister. He was acting Prime Minister of Swaziland from 25 October 1979 to 23 November 1979.
Nsibandze died on 13 January 2021 at the age of 89.
References
1931 births
2021 deaths
Prime Ministers of Swaziland