pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Family of Barack Obama

The Obama family is a political family based in the United States, who have been active in American politics, public service, law, activism, education and have held many political offices and roles in the state and federal government of the United States.
The Obama's were the first family of the United States from 2009 to 2017, when Barack Obama was the 44th president of the United States.
Barack Obama
American families
Mindy McCready

Mindy McCready (November 30, 1975 - February 17, 2013) was an American country music singer. She was born Malinda Gayle McCready in Fort Myers, Florida. She shot herself dead in Heber Springs, Arkansas.
Discography
Studio albums
Ten Thousand Angels (1996)
If I Don't Stay the Night (1997)
I'm Not So Tough (1999)
Mindy McCready (2002)
I'm Still Here (2010)
References
Country musicians from Florida
Musicians who committed suicide
Singers from Florida
Suicides by firearm in the United States
1975 births
2013 deaths
Dignity (disambiguation)

Dignity in humans involves the earning or the expectation of personal respect or of esteem.
Dignity could also mean:
In music:
"Dignity" (Deacon Blue song), a song by Deacon Blue on their 1987 album Raintown
"Dignity" (Bob Dylan song), a song by Bob Dylan on his 1994 album Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Volume 3
Dignity (album), a 2007 album by Hilary Duff
"Dignity" (Hilary Duff song), a song by Hilary Duff on the album
The Dignity of Labour, a 1979 album by The Human League
Dignity and Shame, a 2005 album by Crooked Fingers
Concepts:
Dignitas, an ancient Roman political idea to do with the influence of a citizen
Dignitatis Humanae, the Second Vatican Council's Declaration on religious freedom
Four Dignities of Shambhala Buddhism
Relating to non-governmental organisations:
Dignitas International, a medical humanitarian organisation that aims to increase access to life-saving treatment and prevention in areas overwhelmed by HIV/AIDS
Dignite (Centrale des Syndicats Libres de Cote d'Ivoire), a trade union centre in the Cote d'Ivoire, Africa
DignityUSA, an organisation that works for 'respect and justice' for LGBT people in the Catholic Church in the USA. It is an organization of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Catholics
Dignity Village, a collective of homeless people that have created a shanty town near Oregon, USA
Political Parties:
Dignity for Disabled, a minor South Australian political party
Dignity, Democracy, Motherland, a minor Armenian political party
Dignity (Ar-Namys) Party, a major political party of Kyrgyzstan
Dignity may also refer to:
Dignity Battalions, paramilitary combatants under the Manuel Noriega Regime in Panama in the 1980s
Dignity plc, a major UK funeral company formed by a management buyout of the UK interests of Service Corporation International
Ken Matthews

Kenneth Joseph Matthews (21 June 1934 - 3 June 2019) was a British racewalker. He was born in Birmingham. He won the gold medal in 20 km walk at the 1964 Summer Olympics, Tokyo. He also won the gold medal in the same event at the European Athletics Championships in 1962. He was added to the England Athletics Hall of Fame in 2011.
Matthews died on 3 June 2019, at the age of 84.
References
Other websites
Ken Matthews at Sports-Reference.com
1934 births
2019 deaths
British athletes
Racewalkers
British Olympic gold medalists
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Sportspeople from Birmingham
Renée Mazière

Renee Colette Maziere (17 June 1917 - 26 December 1998) was a French swimmer in te 1930s. She was specialized in the freestyle. She was a member of Cercle Amical des Nageuses, Libellule de Lyon, Club des Nageurs de Paris and in 1937 of Cercle des Nageurs de Lyon.
Biography
Swimming
Maziere started with swimming in 1920. In August 1930 she won with her team the bronze medal in the 4 x 400 metre medley relay with a time of 7:47.6. In 1931 and 1932 she competed at the school championships. At the 1935 national championships she won the silver medal in the 100 metre freestyle with a time of 1:16.8. The next year in 1936 she won the bronze medal in a time of 1:13.2. In 1938 she became national champion in the 100 metre freestyle in a time of 1:14.2.
Personal life
Dubetier was born in Angouleme in 1917. She was the daughter of a craftsmen and the founder and president of swimming club Libellule de Lyon. She lived in Lyon. In addition to swimming she worked as a seamstress. In 1937 she moved to Paris. There she worked as a cashier at the Gare swimming pool. In 1938 she moved back to Lyon. She married in 1938 to M. Chardon. Later she married again to M. Verger. She died on 26 December 1998 at the age of 81.
References
French swimmers
Sportswomen
1917 births
1998 deaths
1982 Lebanon War

The 1982 Lebanon war was part of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Lebanese Civil War. It began on 6 June 1982. Israel called it Operation Peace for Galilee. It was later known as the Lebanon war or First Lebanon war. The war started when the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) attacked southern Lebanon. On 3 June 1982 the Abu Nadal Organization tried to assassinate Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov. This may have been done to hurt the PLO's reputation. At the time, however, Israel blamed the PLO for the attempt. The shooting of the ambassador was the trigger that caused Israel's invasion of Lebanon.
References
1982 in Asia
1983 in Asia
1984 in Asia
1985
Wars involving Israel
Wars involving Lebanon
Wars involving Syria
20th century in Israel
20th century in Lebanon
20th century in Syria
1980s conflicts
Alfonso Cabello

Alfonso Cabello Llamas (born September 19, 1993 in Cordoba) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is a C5 type athlete. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the first person to finish in the C 4-5 1 kilometer race.
References
Spanish cyclists
Living people
1993 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
2012 Summer Paralympics
People from Andalusia
John Richardson (actor)

John Richardson (19 January 1934 - 5 January 2021) was an English actor. He was known for his roles in Black Sunday (1960) and in She (1965). He also starred in One Million Years B.C. (1966).
Richardson died of COVID-19 on January 5, 2021, at age 86.
References
1934 births
2021 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
Actors from Sussex
Anthony Doerr

Anthony Doerr (born October 27, 1973) is an American novelist and short story writer.
His novel All the Light We Cannot See was given the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for fiction and the 2015 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction. It was also on the New York Times Bestseller List for over 200 weeks. His writing has been translated into more than forty different languages.
Books
The Shell Collector (2002)
About Grace (2004)
Four Seasons in Rome: On Twins, Insomnia, and the Biggest Funeral in the History of the World (2007)
Memory Wall (2010)
All the Light We Cannot See (2014)
Cloud Cuckoo Land (2021)
References
1973 births
American short story writers
American novelists
Living people
Chemung, New York

Chemung is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States. 2,563 people lived here at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in New York (state)
Moral hazard

Moral hazard is a term used in economics. Nobel laureate Paul Krugman explains moral hazard as "any situation in which one person makes the decision about how much risk to take, while someone else bears the cost if things go badly."
In other words, a "moral hazard" is a situation where the possible costs of a risky action are not borne by the one taking the risk.
Example: A person buys insurance against automobile theft. After buying the protection against this kind of loss, the same person may be less cautious about locking his or her car. If so, this is a kind of moral hazard. The expected consequences of vehicle theft are now partly the responsibility of the insurance company. Will the person show the same degree of care in locking the car regardless of whether there is insurance or insurance policy?
"Moral hazard" is a kind of reverse incentive (perverse incentive).
History
The term "moral hazard" was first used in the 17th century. The "moral" in "moral hazard" was understood to mean "subjective". It was not used in a way that has anything to do with ethics.
In the 1960s, economists used the term to describe inefficiencies that occur because of information asymmetry. In economics, "moral hazard" as a special kind of market failure.
Related pages
Conflict of interest
Feedback
Game theory
Unintended consequences
References
Other websites
PBS.org, Frontline: "Inside the Meltdown"
Market failure
Insurance
Indie rock

Indie rock is a subgenre of alternative rock music which originated in the United Kingdom and North America in the early 1980s. Initially a form of independent music, it was based on small labels with low budgets which produced lo-fi rock records. Indie rock, as a genre, is very diverse; indie rock has several subgenres, and each vary greatly in style. Nevertheless, indie rock distinguishes itself from indie pop as it is generally rougher and more hard-edged.
Indie rock and alternative rock are often used interchangeably. Nevertheless, there are some differences between the genres. Initially, the term "indie" was used for British-based music, whilst "alternative" for American. In 1986, British magazine NME released a cassette, C86, which defined much of the sound of what is today regarded as "indie" music, notably the usage of jangly guitar sounds, retro elements borrowing from 1960s rock bands, and a DIY, amateur-like sound.
According to About.com, the term indie has two different general meanings in the UK and North America. In the UK, "indie" is a term used to describe "melancholy" and "non-rock" ballad-based music; in North America, on the other hand, "indie" is often used to refer to retro-sounding, "twee" and "Anglophilic" music.
Today, indie rock has been able to find some commercial success. Popular indie rock acts and artists include R.E.M., Pavement, Regina Spektor and Superchunk, to name a few.
Additionally, indie rock has fused to create several new genres and subgenres. Indietronica, or indie electronic music, is a genre which fuses elements of indie rock, pop and electronic music, and often makes usage of synthesizers and drum machines. Alternative dance music, or indie dance, is also a genre which fuses elements of electronic dance music, alternative rock, indie rock and new wave, usually incorporating elements of the rock genres and using them in a dance-based context.
References
British Petroleum

British Petroleum, now called "BP plc", is one of the world's seven biggest oil and gas companies. Its headquarters are in London. The company grew out of the old Anglo-Persian Oil Company, which was founded in 1908. It was privatised by the British government in stages between 1979 and 1987.
References
Bamberg, James H 1994/2000. The history of the British Petroleum Company. vols 2 & 3 of 3 vols, Cambridge University Press.
1909 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in the United Kingdom
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies based in London
Petrol companies
Pope Joan

Pope Joan, Johanna or Joanna, was a legendary female Pope. Said to have ruled for several years during the 1100s, her story first appeared in 13th century chronicles, then spread throughout Europe through the writings of preachers and story tellers. For centuries she was widely believed to be real; however, today religious scholars think her story is legend. Whether she is real or made up is subject to debate.
The Pope Joan story states that she was German and arrived in Rome dressed in men's clothes, managing to convince people that she was in fact a man. Her alleged male name was John Anglicus. She started out in the clergy as a curiae notary; next she became a cardinal, and then finally she became the Pope. She served as pope for about two and a half years but her true gender was exposed when she became pregnant. The birth of her child was thought to have taken place either on the road that separated the Colosseum and St. Clement's or in the church. Her death and punishment are unknown.
References
Popes
Legends
Val Doonican

Michael Valentine Doonican (3 February 1927 - 1 July 2015) was an Irish singer and television presenter. He sang traditional pop music and swing. Doonican was born in Waterford, Irish Free State.
He was well known for his novelty stylised songs. His career began in 1951.From 1965 to 1986 he was a regular fixture on the BBC Television's schedule with The Val Doonican Show, which featured his own singing performances and a variety of guest artists. He retired in 2009.
Doonican died at a nursing home in Buckinghamshire, England, at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
Val Doonican's appearance on This Is Your Life
1927 births
2015 deaths
Irish pop singers
Irish television presenters
Television writers
People from Waterford
Lone Dybkjær

Lone Dybkjaer (23 May 1940 - 20 July 2020) was a Danish politician and environmentalist. She was a member of the Social Democrats. During the Poul Schluter cabinet, she was Minister for the Environment from 1988 to 1990. Between 1973 to 1977, 1979 to 1994 and 2005 to 2011, she was a member of the Folketing.
Between 1994 to 2004, she was a member of the European Parliament. Dybkjaer was born in Copenhagen.
She was married to former Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen from 1994 until her death.
Dybkjaer died on 20 July 2020 in Copenhagen from cancer, aged 80.
References
1940 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in Denmark
MEPs for Denmark
Environmentalists
Politicians from Copenhagen
Dick Conway (rugby union)

Richard James Conway (22 April 1935 - 25 May 2022), also known as Red Conway, was a New Zealand rugby union player. He played for the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks, between 1959 and 1965.
Career
Conway began playing professionally for the first time with Otago in 1957. He went on to play 72 games for Bay of Plenty from 1962 to 1968, and was captain of the team.
Conway began playing for the All Blacks in 1959.
In 1960, he had a finger amputated so he could take part in a tour of Australia and South Africa. This was because he always kept injuring his finger while playing. He broke his finger before the Australia-South Africa tour began and his doctor said if he wanted to keep playing rugby, he would have to amputate it or otherwise it would keep breaking.
Conway worked as a carpenter, and he coached rugby during the 1970s.
Personal life
Conway was born in Whakatane, New Zealand on 22 April 1935. He studied at Whakatane High School. Conway died in Whakatane on 25 May 2022 at the age of 87.
References
Other websites
1935 births
2022 deaths
New Zealand rugby union players
Vallisneria

Vallisneria is a genus of freshwater aquatic plant. It is often called eelgrass, tape grass or vallis. It grows submereged in water. It has thin leaves like a ribbon, which allows water currents to pass through without damaging the leaves.
Alismatales
Aquatic plants
Brian Johns (businessman)

Brian Francis Johns (6 May 1936 - 1 January 2016) was an Australian company director and journalist. He was the managing director of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) from 1995 to 2000. Johns was born in Gordonvale, Queensland, Australia.
Johns died on 1 January 2016 in a hospital in Sydney, Australia after battling cancer at the age of 79.
References
1936 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sydney
Australian businesspeople
Australian journalists
Writers from Queensland
Christine Hargreaves

Christine Hargreaves (22 March 1939 - 12 August 1984) was an English actress. She was best known for his role as Christine Hardman in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street between 1960-63.
Hargreaves was born in Salford, Lancashire, and was one of the original cast members of Coronation Street. She was died on 12 August 1984 from a brain tumor in London at the age of 45.
Other websites
1939 births
1984 deaths
English television actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
People from Salford
Deaths from brain cancer
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Antisuppressor

Antisuppressor is a mutation with the response against suppression effects of nonsense suppression or suppression chemicals.
In 1976, Rieger, Michaelis, and Green have been stated:
See also
Suppressor gene
Gene expression
Nonsense suppression
References
Genetics
Star Wars Resistance

Star Wars: Resistance is a Star Wars television show. The show is created by Dave Filoni, and the main character of the show is Kazuda Xiono. A pilot working for the Resistance. The series ended after two seasons.
References
Star Wars television series
La Plata, Maryland

La Plata is a city in Charles County, Maryland, United States. In 2010, 8,753 people lived there. It is the county seat of Charles County and home of the Charles County Courthouse.
La Plata was hit by two tornadoes, one in November 1926 that killed 13 people at La Plata Elementary School, and another in April 2002.
References
Cities in Maryland
County seats in Maryland
Marc Bulger

Marc Robert Bulger () (born April 5, 1977 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American former professional football quarterback. He played for 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the St. Louis Rams and Baltimore Ravens. He played his entire NFL career with the Rams and was only the backup quarterback for Joe Flacco on the Ravens. He was voted Most Valuable Player of the 2004 Pro Bowl.
On August 2, 2011, Bulger retired from playing professional football.
References
Other websites
Marc Bulger Season and Career Stats
St. Louis Rams Profile
1977 births
American football quarterbacks
Atlanta Falcons players
Baltimore Ravens players
Living people
New Orleans Saints players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
St. Louis Rams players
Black Coal, Thin Ice

Black Coal, Thin Ice is a Chinese melodramatic thriller movie of 2014. The story is about events in 1999 and 2004. The movie is in Chinese.
In 2014, the movie won the Golden Bear award at the Berlin International Film Festival.
References
2014 drama thriller movies
Chinese movies
Andreas Vesalius

Andreas Vesalius (31 December 1514 - 15 October 1564) was a Flemish anatomist, physician, and author. He wrote one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body). Vesalius is often called the founder of modern human anatomy. Vesalius is the Latinized form of Andries van Wesel. He is sometimes also called Andreas Vesal, Andre Vesalio and Andre Vesale.
Anatomies had been published before, but those of Vesalius were in a different class. They were based on actual dissections of human bodies (after death). And the drawings were artwork of the highest class.
Dissections of cadavers (dead human bodies) was forbidden for many centuries, and this limited previous work on anatomy. Before Vesalius, most information about the human body came from Galen. By dissecting human bodies, Vesalius showed that many of the things Galen wrote about were wrong. Galen was primarily misinformed about the human heart, liver and lower jaw bone. It was found that Galen's work was based on Barbary apes, but he also dissected pigs, which led to even more inaccurate observations.
Vesalius was invited to be the Imperial physician of Emperor Charles V. After the abdication of Emperor Charles V he continued at court in great favour with the Emperor's son Philip II.
References
1514 births
1564 deaths
Anatomists
Belgian physicians
Belgian Roman Catholics
Writers from Brussels
Bojihwayangdong buralsongseonsaeng

Bojihwayangdong buralsongseonsaeng () is a bilingual pun in Classical Chinese and Korean. It is part of the literature of the Joseon period of Korea. It has historically been used as a source of humour in Korean.
When Heo Mok was ordered to attend the academy of the more senior scholar Song Siyeol at Hwayang-dong, he made the journey. Once he got there, he was forced to wait for a long time. Then he found out the appointment had been cancelled. Heo Mok angrily stated "bojihwayangdong buralsongseonsaeng". In Classical Chinese, the statement means "Walked to Hwayang-dong; did not see teacher Song", but in native Korean, boji () refers to "female genitals", while bural () means "testicles", making the expression additionally mean "cunt Hwayang-dong; testicles teacher Song".
References
Sources
jeonguncae, gangmijeong oe, munhagciryo seosasajeon 2:seolhwapyeon(seosawamunhagciryoyeonguso munhagciryocongseo 3) (munhaggwa ciryo, 2009nyeon)
Other websites
song jeongseunggwa heo jeongseunge eolghin hwayangdong ilhwa:hyangtomunhwajaweon "Folk Cultural Resources: The Tangled Anecdote of Minister Song and Minister Heo at Hwayang-dong"
hwayanggugoggwa uam songsiyeol "Hwayang Gugok and Song Si-yeol"
History of Korea
Figures of speech
K–Ar dating

Potassium-Argon dating or K-Ar dating is a radiometric dating method used in geochronology, which is part of geology. It is based on measurement of the product of the radioactive decay of an isotope of potassium (K) into argon (Ar).
Potassium is a common element found in many materials, such as micas, clay, tephra, and evaporites. In these materials, the decay product 40Ar is able to escape the liquid (molten) rock, but starts to build up when the rock solidifies (recrystallises). Time since recrystallization is calculated by measuring the ratio of the amount of 40Ar to the amount of 40K remaining. The long half-life of 40K is more than a billion years, so the method is used to calculate the absolute age of samples much older than a few thousand years.
Quickly cooled lavas make nearly ideal samples for K-Ar dating. They also preserve a record of the direction and intensity of the local magnetic field at that time. The geomagnetic reversal time scale was calibrated largely using K-Ar dating.
References
Radiometric dating
Alan J. Pakula

Alan Jay Pakula (April 7, 1928 - November 19, 1998) was an American movie director, writer and producer. He was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Picture for To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), Best Director for All the President's Men (1976) and Best Adapted Screenplay for Sophie's Choice (1982). He was also known for his movies Klute and The Parallax View. He was born in New York City.
Pakula was killed in a car accident in Melville, New York, aged 70.
Other websites
Alan J Pakula - Daily Telegraph obituary
American Film Institute interview
"The Pakula Parallax" essay
Alan J. Pakula papers, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
1928 births
1998 deaths
Road accident deaths in the United States
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Hubert Hahne

Hubert Hahne (28 March 1935 - 24 April 2019) was a German racing driver. He raced in five Formula One World Championship Grands Prix between 1966 and 1970. His first entry was in the 1966 German Grand Prix. His last entry was in the 1970 German Grand Prix. He was also a touring car racer. He won the 1966 European Touring Car Championship. He was born in Moers. He was the older brother of Armin Hahne, and uncle of Jorg van Ommen.
Hahne had dementia in his final years. He died on 24 April 2019 in Dusseldorf. He was 84.
References
Other websites
Hubert Hahne at Motor Sport Magazine Database
Hubert Hahne at OldRacingCars.com
1935 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Germany
German Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Lamprey

Lampreys are jawless fish, whose adults are characterized by a toothed, funnel-like, sucking mouth. Lampreys belong to the order Petromyzontiformes. They live in coastal and fresh waters, and are found in temperate regions around the world.
Description
Lampreys are eel-like, scaleless animals. They range from about 15 to 100 centimetres (6 to 40 inches) long. They have well-developed eyes, one or two dorsal fins, a tail fin, a single nostril on top of the head, and seven gill openings on each side of the body. Like the hagfish, they lack bones, jaws, and paired fins. The skeleton of a lamprey consists of cartilage; the mouth is a round, sucking hole with horny teeth.
Agnatha
Salmaan Taseer

Salmaan Taseer (31 May 1944 -- 4 January 2011) was the Governor of Punjab, in Pakistan. He was shot dead in 2011 in Islamabad by his official security guard, Malik Muhammad Mumtaz Qadri, a member of the Pakistan military's Elite Force. It is believed he was killed because his ideas were not acceptable to various religious groups in Pakistan. Taseer had not supported the Pakistan's blasphemy laws which make an insult against Islam punishable by death. The murderer, Qadri, said he had to kill Taseer because of this, as it was his duty under Islamic law. He said the killing was not illegal. Thousands of people have demonstrated in support of Qadri.
Taseer was born in Simla, Punjab, British India. He studied accountancy in London and later joined Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party in 1967. He was elected to the Punjab Assembly in 1988 and was Deputy Opposition Leader. He was also elected to the National Assembly and held the position of Federal Minister for Industries, Production and Special Initiatives. In May 2008 he was made the Governor of Punjab. He was a close assistant to Benazir Bhutto.
He owned accountancy businesses, a telephone company, an English language newspaper and the first children's TV channel.
References
Assassinated people
Pakistani businesspeople
Murders by firearm
Pakistani murder victims
Politicians from Punjab, Pakistan
People murdered in Pakistan
1944 births
2011 deaths
Ossipee, New Hampshire

Ossipee is a town in and the county seat of Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 4,345.
References
County seats in New Hampshire
Towns in New Hampshire
Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains (often called The Rockies) are a range of mountains in the western United States and Canada. They stretch from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. Part of the mountain range in Colorado is a national park, called Rocky Mountain National Park. The Rocky Mountains are more than 3,000 miles long (4,800 kilometers).
The highest point in the Rocky Mountains is Mt. Elbert. Mt. Elbert is 14,433 ft tall (4,401m).
The Rocky Mountains are relatively new, formed from 55 million to 80 million years ago (mya) during the Laramide orogeny. North America began to move westwards as Pangaea broke up. A number of tectonic plates began to slide under the North American plate. The angle of subduction was shallow, resulting in a broad belt of mountains running down western North America. Since then, further tectonic activity and erosion by glaciers has sculpted the Rockies into dramatic peaks and valleys.
The rocks in the Rocky Mountains were formed long before the mountains were raised. The oldest rock is Precambrian metamorphic rock that forms the core of the North American continent. There is also Precambrian sedimentary argillite, dating back to 1.7 billion years ago. During the Paleozoic, western North America lay underneath a shallow sea, which deposited many kilometers of limestone and dolomite.
In the southern Rocky Mountains, near present-day Colorado, these ancestral rocks were disturbed by mountain building about 300 mya, during the Pennsylvanian. This mountain building produced the ancestral Rocky Mountains. They consisted largely of Precambrian metamorphic rock forced upward through layers of the limestone. The limestone had been laid down in a shallow sea. The mountains eroded throughout the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic, leaving extensive deposits of sedimentary rock.
References
Mountain ranges of the United States
Western United States
Mountains of Canada
Mollywood

Mollywood refers to Malayalam cinema, movies made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language.
Related pages
Bollywood ("Indian Hollywood" - Hindi, Urdu and Marathi cinema)
Jollywood (Sanskrit cinema)
Lollywood (Pakistani cinema)
Tollywood (Telugu cinema)
Hollywood
Cinema of India
Kershaw County, South Carolina

Kershaw County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, its population was 61,697. Its county seat is Camden. The county was created in 1791.
References
18th-century establishments in South Carolina
1791 establishments in the United States
South Carolina counties
Asphalt concrete

Asphalt concrete is a composite material. It is commonly used to build roads, parking lots, airports, and embankment dams. Asphalt mixtures have been used in making pavements since the beginning of the twentieth century. It is made up of mineral aggregate bound together with asphalt. The process was made by Edward De Smedt.
Asphalt mixtures
Mixing of asphalt and aggregate is done in one of several ways:
Hot-mix asphalt concrete (commonly abbreviated as HMA)
This is made by heating the asphalt binder to make it less viscous, and drying the aggregate to remove moisture from it before mixing it. Mixing is done at about 300 degF (roughly 150 degC) for virgin asphalt and 330 degF (166 degC) for polymer modified asphalt, and the asphalt cement at 200 degF (95 degC). HMA is used on roads with lots of traffic.
Warm-mix asphalt concrete (commonly abbreviated as WMA)
This is made by adding either zeolites, waxes, asphalt emulsions, or sometimes even water to the asphalt binder before mixing. It is good for the environment because small amounts of fossil fuels are used to make them. It also releases less carbon dioxide into the air. In 2012, a survey of producers that made asphalt in the US found that nearly 25% of asphalt made was warm mix.
Cold-mix asphalt concrete
This is made by emulsifying the asphalt in water. It is done with an emulsifying agent before mixing. While it is emulsified, the asphalt is less viscous. The emulsion will break after enough water evaporates from it. Cold mix is commonly used on roads with less traffic.
References
Building materials
Road transport
Nanosaurus

Nanosaurus ("small or dwarf lizard") was an ornithopod dinosaur that measured about 4 ft (1.1 m) long, weighing about 50 pounds (22.5 kg). Nanosaurus had a horny beak and a small skull with self-sharpening cheek teeth. Nanosaurus may have had cheek pouches.
This plant eater was bipedal (walked on two legs). It had thin legs and a stiffened tail that gave it speed and agility. It had five-fingered hands and four-toed feet, all clawed. It had large eyes and short arms. Nanosaurus resembled Hypsilophodon. Its fossils (two partial skeletons and teeth) were found in Colorado and Utah in rocks of the Late Jurassic age.
Jurassic dinosaurs
Hypsilophodontidae
Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara-Murza

Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara-Murza (, born 7 September 1981) is a Russian politician, critic, activist and journalist.
Since 2012, he served as Senior Policy Advisor at the Institute of Modern Russia. He is an elected member of the Coordinating Council of the Russian Opposition. He serves on the federal council of the Republican Party of Russia - People's Freedom Party and the Solidarnost pro-democracy movement.
Kara-Murza is a coordinator of Open Russia, which promotes civil society and democracy in Russia.
On 2 February 2017, Kara-Murza was hospitalized for sudden multiple organ failure and was placed on life-support.
His father was television host and Putin critic Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr..
References
1981 births
Living people
Russian politicians
Russian journalists
Russian human rights activists
Writers from Moscow
Treaty of Lausanne

The Treaty of Lausanne was a peace treaty signed in 1923 in Switzerland's city Lausanne, after Turkey had won the Greco-Turkish War in 1919 to 1922. It settles the border between Greece and Turkey and the other borders of Turkey. Other countries that signed the treaty were Italy, France, the United Kingdom, Japan and Yugoslavia.
Greece and Turkey still have disputes that are often focused on the question over the country that owns islands and rocks, most of which are uninhabited, in the Aegean Sea. In 1987 and 1996, those disputes almost led to military conflict.
1920s in Greece
1920s in Turkey
1923
1920s treaties
Union councils of Pakistan

A Union Council or Village Council in Pakistan is an elected local government body that has 21 councillors. They are elected by the people. Each Union Council is headed by a Nazim, which is similar to a mayor, and a Naib Nazim (similar to a deputy mayor).
Administration
Union Councils are the fifth level (the lowest level) of government in Pakistan. Union Councils are often known as Village Councils in rural areas, esp. in KP during the PTI Government provincial reforms.
The area represented by a Village Council usually comprises a large village and surrounding areas, often including nearby smaller villages. The term "Union Council" may be used for areas that are part of cities.
Each Union Council is governed by a Union Nazim (similar to a mayor), each union council has 13 elected members known as councillors. As well as four male and two female members elected directly, there are two male and two female representatives of the labour, a minority member, a Nazim and his deputy known as Naib Nazim.
Also as well as the elected members, there are several government employees and functionaries in every union council, who report to the Secretary of the Union Council. The last one is a civil servant appointed by the state.
The territory of a Union Council or Village Council is usually part of a tehsil, (a tehsil is a district subdivision). Less commonly, a Union Council may be part of a City District.
Structure of local Government
Shown below is a simplified structure of the political hierarchy.
the federal government governs the provinces (allocation of resources and policy decisions.
the provinces govern the districts etc.
the union councils are involved directly in local government administration.
References
Other websites
Local government of Pakistan
Canyon tree frog

The canyon tree frog, Arizona tree frog, Sonoran tree toad, canon tree toad, or Cope's hyla (Dryophytes arenicolor) is a frog that lives in Mexico and the United States.
This frog lives in marshes and cloud forests. Scientists have found this frog in meadows full of water with no trees in them.
The adult frog is 3.2 to 5.7 cm long from nose to rear end. This frog eats many kinds of insects.
This frog is not endangered but there are fewer in the wild than there were. This is because human beings catch them. This frog is easy to catch while it is sitting in the sun on rocks. Human beings use this frog in scientific experiments. This frog is good for experiments about how animals stay warm.
References
Frogs of North America
Vulnicura

Vulnicura is the ninth studio album by Icelandic singer-songwriter Bjork released in March 2015. The album deals the break-up with her long-time partner Matthew Barney chronologically. The name Vulnicura is a latin word that means "Cure for wounds".
The album was produced by Bjork, Venezuelan producer Arca and British producer The Haxan Cloak. To promote the album, Bjork embarked in the Vulnicura Tour. No song was released as promotional single.
It received universal acclaim from music critics and drew comparison to Bjork previous albums Homogenic (1997) and Vespertine due to its instrumentation (strings and electronic beats) as well as its lyrical content.
Two different versions of the album were released during 2015 and 2016: Vulnicura Strings, which feature all the songs with new string arrangements, and Vulnicura Live, featuring Live versions of the album tracks as well as songs from her previous albums with new arrangements.
Tracklist
Stonemilker
Lionsong
History of Touches
Black Lake
Family
Notget
Atom Dance (feat. Anohni)
Mouth Mantra
Quicksand
2015 albums
Bjork albums
Copdock

Copdock is a village in Suffolk, England. It has a church called St Peter.
References
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
List of settlements in Papua New Guinea

This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Papua New Guinea.
* Is a capital city.
~ Is an estimated population. All other populations were determined by the 2000 census.
? Is a population with an undetermined rank.
Geography of Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Emmerson Houghton

Emmerson Houghton (born 7 August 1999) is a New Zealand water polo player. She competed for the New Zealand women's national water polo team in the 2016 FINA World Women's Youth Water Polo Championships, 2017 Vodafone Cup, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
References
1999 births
Living people
New Zealand water polo players
French Air Force

The French Air Force (, literally Army of the Air) is the air force of France. It was formed in 1909 as the Service Aeronautique de l'Armee, part of the French Army, and finally independent in 1934 in its current form. In 2013 it has an important fleet of aircraft.
Gallery
French air force bases
In France the air force bases are called Bases Aeriennes or BA and have a number, like Base Aerienne 117 in Paris.
Former aircraft of the French Air Force
Active aircraft of the French Air Force
References
Other websites
The official French Air Force website
The Facebook official fanpage of the French Air Force
List of English football teams

This is a list of English football teams in the Premier League (the top or 1st level league) and the English Football League (which consists of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th levels of leagues in England) and the league for which each team plays.
A-Z order
Lists of football teams
team
Parma

Parma is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna. It is the capital of the Province of Parma. About 190,000 people live in Parma. It has one of the oldest universities of the world, the University of Parma.
Parma has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koppen climate classification).
References
Capital cities in Italy
Leopoldo Luque

Leopoldo Jacinto Luque (; 3 May 1949 - 15 February 2021) was an Argentine footballer. He played as a striker.
Luque began his career in 1972 and lasted until 1984. He played for Union de Santa Fe, Rosario Central, River Plate, Racing Club de Avellaneda and Chacarita Juniors.
Luque played for the national team from 1975 until 1981.
In February 2007, Luque suffered a heart attack. He died from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina on 15 February 2021, aged 71.
References
Other websites
1949 births
2021 deaths
Argentine footballers
Association football forwards
1978 FIFA World Cup players
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina
Scipio, Utah

Scipio is a town in Millard County, Utah, United States.
Towns in Utah
Milnthorpe

Milnthorpe is a village and civil parish in South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 2106 people living in Milnthorpe.
References
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Östhammar Municipality

Osthammar Municipality () is a municipality in Uppsala County in central Sweden. The seat is in Osthammar.
References
Other websites
Osthammar Municipality
Municipalities of Uppsala County
Serval, Aisne

Serval, Aisne is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Tom Allin

Thomas William "Tom" Allin (27 November 1987 - 4 January 2016) was an English cricketer. He was a right-arm medium-fast pace bowler who also batted right-handed. He played for Warwickshire. He was born in Bideford, Devon.
Allin died on 4 January 2016 in Bideford, aged 28. He jumped to his death off a bridge.
References
Other websites
Tom Allin at ESPNcricinfo
Tom Allin at CricketArchive
1987 births
2016 deaths
English cricketers
Sportspeople from Devon
Suicides by jumping in the United Kingdom
Shota Arai

Shota Arai (born 7 April 1985) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||Ehime||J. League 2||11||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||1
11||1||0||0||0||0||11||1
11||1||0||0||0||0||11||1
|}
References
1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Agriculture

Agriculture is made up of livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry and farming (or crop production). From agriculture one can get food and non-food products.
Agriculture can be
Fish hatchery
Oyster farming, a kind of aquaculture or mariculture
Growing cotton (for making cloth)
Growing tobacco
Growing trees for lumber (or forestry) and logging
Raising cattle or other livestock, is part of agriculture.
Agriculture has farmers that do their work so that they can harvest
cereals (grains),
vegetables,
fruits,
meat,
milk,
eggs
edible mushroom or
cooking oils
Important kinds of agricultural products are:
fibers
fuels
raw materials (such as rubber).
classes (or kinds) of food
There are some different views about what is different between farming and agriculture.
Sources
Audi Cup 2015

The Audi Cup 2015 (the fourth edition of the Audi Cup) is a two-day tournament in Munich, Germany. The participating teams are Bayern Munich, Real Madrid, Milan and Tottenham Hotspur.
Matches
Top scorers
2 goals
Robert Lewandowski (Bayern Munich)
1 goal
Gareth Bale (Real Madrid)
Juan Bernat (Bayern Munich)
Tom Carroll (Tottenham Hotspur)
Nacer Chadli (Tottenham Hotspur)
Mario Gotze (Bayern Munich)
James Rodriguez (Real Madrid)
References
2015 in association football
2015 in Europe
2010s in Munich
Audi Cup
Bléneau

Bleneau is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Östnor

Ostnor is a locality in Mora Municipality in Dalarna County in Sweden. In 2010, 534 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Dalarna County
Argon plasma coagulation

Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is the medical procedure to stop bleeding from an active bleeding site of the gastrointestinal tract. It is done with the help of endoscopy technique.
Medical procedures
Dolores Pampin

Dolores Pampin is a retired fencer from Argentina. Pampin competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She was born on 20 December 1973.
References
Other websites
1973 births
Living people
Argentine fencers
Argentine Olympians
Michael Ealy

Michael Ealy (born August 3, 1973) is an American actor. His real name is Michael Brown; Ealy is the name he uses for acting. He is perhaps best known for his roles in the movies Barbershop (2002), its sequel Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004), 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003), Their Eyes Were Watching God (2005), Seven Pounds (2008), For Colored Girls (2010), and Underworld: Awakening (2012). On television, Ealy stars as Dorian in the science-fiction police drama, Almost Human.
Life and career
Ealy was born in Washington, D.C.. He was raised in Silver Spring, Maryland. His mother worked for IBM. His father worked in the grocery business. He attended the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland.
He started his acting career in the late 1990s. He appeared in Off-Broadway stage productions. Among his first movie roles were Bad Company and Kissing Jessica Stein. His breakout role was in 2002's Barbershop, in which he played a reformed street criminal named Ricky Nash. He played that role again in the sequel, Barbershop 2: Back in Business, in 2004. In 2003, he played Slap Jack in 2 Fast 2 Furious. Later in 2004, Ealy appeared in Never Die Alone with DMX. He appeared in Mariah Carey's music video for her hit single "Get Your Number". He played Dominic in "Think like a Man" in 2012.
Personal life
In October 2012, Ealy married Khatira Rafiqzada, in Los Angeles. They had been together for four years before this.
Filmography
Film
Television
Music videos
Awards and nominations
References
Other websites
'The People Speak' - article from the Los Angeles Times
1973 births
Living people
Actors from Maryland
American movie actors
American television actors
African American actors
American stage actors
People from Silver Spring, Maryland
Lassy, Ille-et-Vilaine

Lassy () is a commune. It is in Brittany in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in northwest France.
References
Communes in Ille-et-Vilaine
Cyclonic separation

Cyclonic separation is a process to take out all of the unwanted particles from air, gas, or steam. The process uses a process called vortex separation and does not use filtering. It uses rotational and gravitational force to separate the unwanted particles. The process is done in a device called cyclone separator or "cyclone". The word "cyclone" in meteorology (weather) is a force in which the air's movement spirals inward.
Usage
Cement industry
Fossil fuel power stations
Oil refinery
Sawmill
Engineering
Counting coup

Counting coup refers to the winning of prestige in battle by the Plains Indians of North America. Warriors won prestige by acts of courage in the face of the enemy. Any blow struck against the enemy counted as a coup.
An act of bravery
Counting coup could be with a hand, any part of the body, or with an object. The most prestigious act was to touch or strike an enemy warrior, leave him alive, then escaping unharmed. Touching the first enemy to die in battle or touching the enemy's defensive works also counted as coup. Counting coup could also involve stealing an enemy's weapons or horses tied up to his lodge in camp. Risk of injury or death was required to count coup. After a battle or exploit, the people of a tribe would gather together to recount their acts of bravery and "count coup." Coups were recorded in some tribes by putting notches (cut marks) in a coup stick. A coup stick was often a willow rod with a feather on the end. But coup could be counted with any object.
Other uses
Another form of counting coup emerged during the air battles of World War I. A allied pilot who shot down five enemy aircraft was given the status of ace. The exception was that the British never formally adopted the ace system. Informally, however, a British pilot who had shot down ten enemy planes was considered an ace. Generally "counting coup" is counting victories.
References
Other websites
Counting Coup; Encyclopedia of the Great Plains
Counting Coup; Native Heritage Project
North American people
Native Americans
Asha-Rose Migiro

Asha-Rose Mtengeti Migiro (born 9 July 1956) is a Tanzanian politician and diplomat who was the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations from 2007 to 2012.
References
1956 births
Living people
Deputy Secretaries-General of the United Nations
Tanzanian politicians
Tanzanian lawyers
Tanzanian diplomats
Drean Dutra

Drean Dutra is a retired handball player from Brazil. Drean competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He was born on 4 March 1966.
References
Other websites
1966 births
Living people
Brazilian handball players
Brazilian Olympians
Flag of Switzerland

Switzerland's national flag was adopted on December 12, 1889, which is one of the world's oldest flags. The Flag of Switzerland is a red field, a white cross whose arms are one-sixth longer than their width. The relationship between the span of the cross and the width of the flag has not been established, but in practice the ratio is about 2:3 or 7:10.
History
The Swiss cross on a red field ultimately derives from a similar banner of the Holy Roman Empire, and thus has strong Christian connotations. The Swiss flag traditionally stands for freedom, honour and fidelity. The motto "Honor et Fidelitas" was inscribed on the cross of several Swiss mercenary flags of the 18th century. In modern times, through association with consistent Swiss policy, the flag has also come to mean neutrality, democracy, peace and refuge.
References
Switzerland
National symbols of Switzerland
Edmond, Oklahoma

Edmond is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area in the central part of the state.
References
Cities in Oklahoma
Bisacquino

Bisacquino is a town and comune in the Province of Palermo in Sicily, Italy, with about 5,220 inhabitants. It has an area of 64 km2, with a population density of 82 inhabitants/km2.
Settlements in Sicily