pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Marin Hinkle

Marin Elizabeth Hinkle (born March 23, 1966) is an Tanzanian-American actress. She is best known for playing Judith Harper-Melnick on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men.
Other websites
1966 births
American movie actors
American television actors
People from Dar es Salaam
Living people
The Pas station

The Pas station is a station in The Pas, Manitoba, Canada. The station is served by Via Rail's Winnipeg - Churchill train and the Keewatin Railway train to Pukatawagan, which is also run by Via. The station building was built in 1928 and was designated historical in 1992.
History
The station was built as the terminus of what would become the Hudson Bay Railway in 1908. At first it served by terminating services from the cities in the south. but later destinations were expanded. By 1929 trains were running to Churchill, Thompson, Flin Flon, Lynn Lake, Winnipeg, Saskatoon and Prince Albert. By the 1960s all train services were operated by CN. In 1978 Serives were taken over by Via Rail whom at the time operated a total of 18 departures per week out of the station.
The 1978 timetable consisted of:
3tpw to Thompson
3tpw to Churchill via Thompson
3tpw to Lynn Lake
3tpw to Saskatoon
6tpw to Winnipeg (3 via Canora, 3 via Swan River)
In 1980 terminating services from Saskatoon were cancelled. Then in 1981 Via received a budget cut which saw tri-weekly services to thompson and to Winnipeg via Swan River discontinued. In 2002 services to Lynn Lake were cut back to Pukatawagan followed by the service being cancelled in 2006 and replaced by a twice weekly mixed use train operated by the local first nations. In 2011 one of the 3 weekly trips to and from Churchill was made to terminate here rather than continue on to Winnipeg. In 2018 flooding saw services to Churchill cut back to Gillam and they weren't restored until over a year later. During the Covid 19 Pandemic terminating services were cancelled and service to Winnipeg and Churchill were retained on a once weekly freequency. This is because the route served vital communites without reliable road access. Service has since reached pre-pandemic levels.
Services
Currently The Pas sees 7 departures per week to a few destinations:
3tpw to Churchill Via Thompson
2tpw to Winnipeg
2tpw to Pukatwagan
The Pas also sees 1 train per week which arrives from Churchill which terminates there.
References
Sinikka Nopola

Sinikka Marianna Nopola (26 November 1953 - 13 January 2021) was a Finnish children's writer. She published 80 books from 1987 until her death. Nopola's popular series were series Hayflower and Quiltshoe and Ricky Rapper. Nopola was born in Helsinki. She worked as a journalist for the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat.
Nopola died on 13 January 2021 in Helsinki, aged 67.
References
1953 births
2021 deaths
Finnish journalists
Children's writers
Writers from Helsinki
A Sip of Love

A Sip of Love () is a 1984 Turkish drama movie directed by Atif Yilmaz and starring Kadir Inanir, Hale Soygazi, Macit Koper, Meral Cetinkaya.
Other websites
1984 drama movies
Turkish movies
Movies directed by Atif Yilmaz
Ray Conniff

Joseph Raymond Conniff, better known as Ray Conniff, was an American bandleader. He worked with many musicians, including Rosemary Clooney and Johnny Mathis. He created the Ray Conniff Singers (representing twelve women and thirteen men) around 1959; the group lasted until mid 1970s. Conniff was born November 6, 1916 and died October 12, 2002.
American bandleaders
1916 births
2002 deaths
Swirly

A swirly or swirlie is a form of bullying in which the victim's head is put into a toilet. Some people have questioned whether swirlies are real or whether they were invented for television and other fiction.
In fiction
On television, one or more bigger people, usually high school boys, pick up the victim. Then they dunk the victim's head in a toilet and flush it. The swirling water gives the swirly its name. For example, on the television show Archer, Archer tells Lana about how he got pneumonia from getting a swirly in high school: Two bigger boys had picked him up, turned him upside down, and put his head in a toilet. On The Simpsons, Bart Simpson gets a swirly from Jimbo Jones. In Cobra Kai, Kenny gets revenge against Anthony LaRusso by dunking his head into a used toilet.
In real life
There are a few reports of swirlies in real life. In some, the "victim" agreed to be part of the swirly. In other reports, the victim describes the swirly almost exactly like a swirly in fiction. One Blair Academy wrestler talked about being given swirlies and other abuse from older teammates. In others, the person giving the swirly is an adult or even a parent and not an older child.
References
Bullying
West Bengal Police

The West Bengal Police is the police force of the Indian state of West Bengal.
The West Bengal Police was organized under the Police Act 1861 during the British Raj. It is led by the Director General of Police who reports to the State Government through the Home (Police) Department. Shri P Narajnayan, an IPS officer has held the position of Director General since March 8, 2021.
The West Bengal Police has joint authority with the twenty two revenue districts of the State as under the Police Act 1861. The other general police district consists of the major portions of the metropolitan area of Kolkata, and has a separate police force (Kolkata Police) administered under the Calcutta Police Act 1866 & Calcutta (Suburban Police) Act 1866. This type of administration, only used in India, was created during colonial times when Calcutta was the capital of British India. The city police have been kept independent of the state police force since that time.
References
Other websites
List of all West Bengal police stations from the West Bengal govt's official site
Criminal Investigation Department, West Bengal
Law enforcement agencies
West Bengal
1861 establishments
Government agencies of India
Stay Young (INXS song)

"Stay Young" is a 1981 song by Australian new wave band INXS. It is the leading single from their second studio album Underneath the Colours. It went to number 21 in Australia.
Track listing
7" single Track listing
References
1981 songs
INXS songs
Saligny-sur-Roudon

Saligny-sur-Roudon is a commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Communes of the Guyane department

The following is a list of the 22 communes of the Guyane overseas department of France.
Guyane
Norfolk House

Norfolk House, at 31 St James's Square, London, was built in 1722 for the Duke of Norfolk. It was a royal residence for a short time only, when Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III of the United Kingdom, lived there 1737-1741, after his marriage in 1736 to Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha. King George III was born in the house, which was offered to the royal couple by the 9th Duke of Norfolk.
Royal residences in the United Kingdom
Maine-et-Loire

Maine-et-Loire is a department found in the west of France in the Pays de la Loire region. Its prefecture is Angers and its population is about 810,000 (2015 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution.
References
Departments of Pays de la Loire
Confluence

Confluence means the meeting of two or more waterways.
It usually means the point where a smaller river joins a more major river.
Example
The German city name Koblenz indicates that the city lies at the point at the confluence of the Rhine and the Moselle.
Rivers
lt:Ziotys
ja:Liu Lu Xing Zhuang #He Liu
Schermer

Schermer is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. Since 2015, it is part of the municipality of Alkmaar.
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Former municipalities of North Holland
Alkmaar
510s

The 510s was a decade that began on 1 January 510 and ended on 31 December 519.
Events
The convent of Saint-Cesaire is built in Arles.
Roman (Byzantine) Emperor Anastasius I ends a period of moderate ecclestical policy, and starts strongly favoring his own monophysitist beliefs.
Flavian II, Patriarch of Antioch, is deposed and replaced with Severus.
The island nation of Usan-guk is conquered by the Korean Silla Dynasty general Lee Sabu.
Earliest known dated text in the Arabic alphabet, at Zebed in Syria
The Revolt of Vitalian is put down by forces loyal to Byzantine emperor Anastasius I
Births
Clovis I (born circa 466)
Saint David
Deaths
Gao Zhao
Xuan Wu Di, ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty
Euphemius, deposed Patriarch of Constantinople
510s
Saratoga Springs, New York

Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 26,586 at the 2010 census. Saratoga is just south of the Adirondack Mountains and it goes along the Hudson River. Saratoga Springs is most famous for the Saratoga Race Course which is the fourth oldest race horse in the U.S.
History
Shortly after 1691 British colonist settled the town of Schuylerville which at the time was called "Saratoga" before being renamed in 1831. In 1802 a hotel was established for travelers called the Gideon Putnam Hotel which led to a large population and economically boost for Saratoga and the surrounding areas.Although not directly in Saratoga Springs, the Battle of Saratoga was fought just 10 miles south and was a turning point in the American Revolutionary War. In 1863 the Saratoga Race Course opened up leading to a large increase in tourism because of the betting involved even to this day.
Geography
Saratoga Springs surrounds Saratoga Lake. The lake is 4.5 miles long and is known for its fishing and rowing competitions. There are also many beaches located on the lake.
Parks and recreation
There are many parks in Saratoga like Saratoga Spa State Park and Congress Park. Saratoga is also famous for it's horse racing which is done at the race track. The track is open from July to September and is known for its more prominent races like the Travers Stakes. Polo is also a common activity played in Saratoga. The sport is usually played during the summer at the Whitney Field. The Saratoga Skatepark is New York's first skatepark but the city filled area with dirt in order to prevent vandalism but did eventually remove it in 2011.
Government
The local government of Saratoga Springs follows a City commission government but there has been many failed attempts to change this, most recently in the November 2020 election. The current mayor of Saratoga is Democrat, Meg Kelly.
References
Cities in New York (state)
Vassalboro, Maine

Vassalboro is a town in Kennebec County, Maine. It was founded in 1771. 4,047 people live there. Several highways go through the city, U.S. Highway 201, U.S. Highway 202, Maine State Highway 3, Maine State Highway 9, Maine State Highway 32, and Maine State Highway 100. It is surrounded by several cities, China to the east, Augusta to the south, Winslow to the north, and Sidney to the west. It is home to the Grand View Topless Coffee Shop, which was featured heavily in the media.
Notable people from the city
Holman Day, author and editor
Henry H. Goddard, psychologist and eugenicist
Alfred Atmore Pope, industrialist and art collector
References
Towns in Maine
Technical University of Berlin

The Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin, German: Technische Universitat Berlin) is located in Berlin, Germany. It was founded in 1879 and is one of the largest technical universities in Germany. It has the highest proportion of foreign students out of universities in Germany. The university alumni and professor list include eight Nobel Prize winners.
References
Colleges and universities in Berlin
Education in Berlin
Berlin
SummerSlam (2012)

SummerSlam (2012) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on August 19, 2012 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. It was the twenty-fifth yearly SummerSlam event that was held by the WWE.
Matches
References
Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2012 website
2012 in professional wrestling
SummerSlam
Sports in Los Angeles
2012 in American television
2010s in Los Angeles, California
2012 in California
Noron-la-Poterie

Noron-la-Poterie is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
References
Other websites
Communes in Calvados
Pierrefitte-sur-Seine

Pierrefitte-sur-Seine is a commune. It is in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in France.
References
Communes in Seine-Saint-Denis
Arecibo message

The Arecibo message was a short radio message sent into space to celebrate the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico in 1974. It was aimed at the globular star cluster M13, about 25,000 light years from Earth. M13 was chosen because it was the right size, and was in the sky at the right time and place for the ceremony.
Dr. Frank Drake, then at Cornell University and creator of the famous Drake equation, wrote the message, with help from Carl Sagan, among others. The message was in seven parts which show:
The numbers one (1) to ten (10)
The atomic numbers of the elements hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus, which make up deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
The formulas for the sugars and bases in the nucleotides of DNA
The number of nucleotides in DNA, and a graphic of the double helix structure of DNA
A figure of a human, the size of an average man, and the human population of Earth
The Solar System
The Arecibo Observatory and the diameter of the transmitting antenna dish
It will take 25,000 years for the message to reach the stars, and at least another 25,000 years to get any reply. This means the Arecibo message was a show of human technological achievement, not a real attempt to talk to extraterrestrial life. The stars of M13 that the message was aimed at will no longer be in that location when the message arrives. Cornell University said on November 12, 1999, the real purpose of the message was not to make contact, but to show the power of the new equipment. (Cornell University had built and operated the radio telescope for the United States National Science Foundation.)
The message consisted of 1679 binary digits, about 210 bytes. It was transmitted at a frequency of 2380 MHz and modulated by shifting the frequency by 10 Hz, with a power of 1000 kW. The "ones" and "zeros" were transmitted by frequency shifting at the rate of 10 bits per second. The total broadcast was less than three minutes.
The cardinality of 1679 was chosen because it is a semiprime. It can be arranged as a rectangle of 73 rows by 23 columns. The other arrangement, 23 rows by 73 columns, does not produce a meaningful result. The message forms the image shown on the right, or its inverse, when translated into graphics characters and spaces.
In 2009 the band Boxcutter made an album called the Arecibo Message, which has a lot of short songs.
References
Other websites
Arecibo Observatory Home Page
Astronomy
Telecommunications
1974 in the United States
20th century in Puerto Rico
Maya Hawke

Maya Ray Thurman Hawke (born July 8, 1998) is an American actress and model. She is the daughter of actress Uma Thurman and actor Ethan Hawke. She played Jo March in the 2017 BBC version of Little Women. She played Robin Buckley in the third season of the Netflix series Stranger Things (2019).
References
1998 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Models from New York City
People with dyslexia
Varg Vikernes

Varg Vikernes (legal name Louis Cachet, born Kristian Vikernes on February 11, 1973 near Bergen, Norway) is a black metal musician, convicted murderer, arsonist and political activist. In 1991, Vikernes created the one-man music project Burzum. Burzum quickly became important within the early Norwegian black metal scene. Later he became a part of the Heathen Front and wrote several writings on Germanic neopaganism.
In the early 1990s, there were black metal bands who believed in burning churches to prove their hatred for Christianity. Vikernes was found guilty of arson and the murder of Mayhem band member Oystein 'Euronymous' Aarseth. He was sent to prison for 21 years. Vikernes was up for parole in 2008 but it was denied. He was released in March 2009.
On July 16th 2013, Vikernes and his wife, a French national, were arrested in Correze, France, on suspicion of planning acts of terrorism because his wife had purchased four rifles. They were released with no charges after police could not identify any terrorist plans or targets.
References
Other websites
Official website for Varg Vikernes and Burzum
1973 births
Living people
Arsonists
Norwegian murderers
Norwegian musical entertainers
Norwegian activists
Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti

Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad. The capital of Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti was Faya.
Since 2002, Chad is divided into regions.
Prefectures of Chad
Goecha La Pass

Goecha La (el. 4940 m.) is a high mountain pass in Sikkim, India in the Himalaya range.
The pass has a view of the southeast face of Kanchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world.
Mountain passes of India
Wilderness

Wilderness or wildland is a natural environment on Earth which has not been much disturbed by humans.
"The most intact, undisturbed wild natural areas left on our planet--those last truly wild places that humans do not control and have not developed with roads, pipelines or other industrial infrastructure".
Wilderness areas can be found in reserves, estates, farms, conservation areas, ranches, National Forests, National Parks and even in urban areas along rivers, gulches or any undeveloped areas. These areas are important for the survival of species, biodiversity, ecology, conservation, solitude, and recreation.
Wilderness is deeply valued for cultural, spiritual, moral, and aesthetic reasons. Some nature writers believe wilderness areas are vital for the human spirit and creativity.
They may also preserve historic genetic traits and that they provide habitat for wild flora and fauna that may be difficult to recreate in zoos, gardens or laboratories.
From this point of view, it is the wildness of a place that makes it a wilderness. The mere presence or activity of people does not disqualify an area from being "wilderness". Many ecosystems that are, or have been, inhabited or influenced by activities of people may still be considered "wild." This way of looking at wilderness includes areas within which natural processes operate without human interference.
The WILD Foundation states that wilderness areas have two dimensions: they must be biologically intact and legally protected. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) classifies wilderness at two levels, Ia (Strict Nature Preserves) and Ib (Wilderness areas).
Probably no place on earth is completely untouched by humanity, either due to past occupation by indigenous people, or through global processes such as climate change. Activities on the margins of specific wilderness areas, such as fire suppression and the interruption of animal migration, also affect the wilderness.
Especially in richer , industrialized nations, it has a specific legal meaning as well: as land where development is prohibited by law. Many nations have designated wilderness, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States.
Many new parks are currently being planned and legally passed by various Parliaments and Legislatures at the urging of dedicated individuals around the globe who believe that "in the end, dedicated, inspired people empowered by effective legislation will ensure that the spirit and services of wilderness will thrive and permeate our society, preserving a world that we are proud to hand over to those who come after us".
References
Ecosystems
Conservation
Geography
Atacama Region

This article is about the Atacama Region; for the desert, see Atacama Desert.
The Atacama Region Region () is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. The southern portion of the Atacama Desert is in the region; the rest of the desert is in the other regions to the north (Norte Grande natural region).
The capital of the region is the city of Copiapo; it is at north of Santiago, the capital of country.
History
From 1843, Atacama was a province of Chile but in 1974, with the creation of the Regions of Chile, it became one of those regions.
Geography
The Atacama region borders the Tarapaca region to the north, Argentina (provinces of Catamarca, La Rioja and San Juan), on the east, the Coquimbo region on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west.
The highest mountains of the region are: Nevados Ojos del Salado, high, and Nevado Tres Cruces, high; they are in the Andes, in the border with Argentina.
Population
, there were (estimated) 312,486 persons living in the region, for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The largest city in the region is its capital, Copiapo, with 125,983 inhabitants (2002 census).
Administration
The Atacama region is divided in three provinces: Chanaral, Copiapo and Huasco.
Related pages
Atacama Desert
Regions of Chile
References
Other websites
Territorial division of Chile
Gobierno Regional de Atacama Official website
Regions of Chile
Nobuko Jashima

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Jashima was born on December 26, 1959. On September 6, 1981, she debuted for the Japan national team against England.
Statistics
References
1959 births
Living people
Japanese footballers
Japan women's international footballers
Tasaki Perule FC players
Nimruz Province

Nimruz (Balochi/Pashto/Persian: nymrwz ) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the southwest of the country on the borders of Iran and Pakistan. There are about 170,00 people in the Province. A lot of the Provice is covered by the desert area of Dashti Margo.
Districts
References
Provinces of Afghanistan
Saint-Vougay

Saint-Vougay () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
References
Communes in Finistere
Weybridge, Vermont

Weybridge is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Addison County, Vermont
Turkic languages

The Turkic languages are a language family of some thirty languages. They are spoken by Turkic peoples across an area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western and Northern China. Traditionally people think that they are part of the Altaic language family.
Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 million people as a native language; and the total number of Turkic speakers is about 230 million, including speakers as a second language. The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is the Turkish language, or Anatolian Turkish. The speakers of this language are about 40% of all Turkic speakers.
History
The geographical distribution of Turkic-speaking peoples across Eurasia spreads from Turkey in the West to the North-East of Siberia.
Classification
The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded:
Languages by native speakers
The Turkic languages are a language family of at least 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples. The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded:
References
Further reading
Johanson, Lars. 1998. "The history of Turkic." In: Johanson & Csato, pp. 81-125.
Johanson, Lars. 1998. "Turkic languages." In: Encyclopaedia Britannica. CD 98. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, 5 sept. 2007.
Menges, K. H. 1968. The Turkic languages and peoples: An introduction to Turkic studies. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Other websites
Turkic Languages: Resources - University of Michigan
Map of Turkic languages
Classification of Turkic Languages
Online Uyghur-English Dictionary
Johannes van Knobelsdorff

Johannes van Knobelsdorff (19 September 1917 - 2 April 2020) was a Dutch politician. He was born in The Hague. He was mayor of Goedereede and Stellendam from 1947 to 1961. He was also Mayor of Sassenheim from 1961 to 1974. He was also Dijkgraaf.
Knobelsdorff died on 2 April 2020 at the age of 102.
References
1917 births
2020 deaths
Dutch centenarians
Dutch mayors
Dutch nobility
Politicians from The Hague
Sakhalin

Sakhalin (, ; Japanese: or ; or Sa Ha Lin /Sa Ha Lin Sahalin), also known as Saghalien, is a large, long Russian island in the North Pacific, placed between 45deg50' and 54deg24' N. It is part of Russia territory and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Sakhalin Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs. Most Ainu relocated to Hokkaido when Japanese were gone from the island in 1949.
The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War resulted a Japanese victory when the Imperial Russian Navy and the Imperial Russian Army got defeated by the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1905 when the Empire Of Japan led by Emperor Meiji declared war on Tsar Nicholas II in 1904 when Trans-Siberian railway was to built more Railway Tracks in Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty and Korea . Japan took the southern part of Sakhalin and renamed it to South Sakhalin and control it from 1905-1945 .
In August 1945 during the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War 2 in Asia the Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin invaded South Sakhalin after he invaded Manchukuo this war would be known as the Soviet-Japanese War Of 1945 .
Sakhalin is the subject of a whole book by Anton Chekhov (1895), reprinted in many Russian editions of his collected works. It has been translated into English. Of other old books, there is an interesting one by an Englishman, Charles H. Hawes, To the Uttermost East. (N.Y.: Scribner;s, 1904). Now, however, the island is experiencing an oil boom.
References
Other websites
An old map of Sakhalin and 2 other islands from 1854
Pacific islands
Islands of Russia
Coucy-le-Château-Auffrique

Coucy-le-Chateau-Auffrique is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Children of Men

Children of Men is a 2006 American British Japanese science fiction action movie directed by Alfonso Cuaron and was based on the 1992 novel of the same name by P.D. James. It stars Clive Owen, Michael Caine, Julianne Moore, Pam Ferris, Danny Huston, Clare-Hope Ashitey, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Oana Pellea and was distributed by Universal Pictures. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 2007.
Other websites
2006 science fiction movies
2006 action movies
American science fiction movies
American action movies
British science fiction movies
British action movies
Japanese science fiction movies
Japanese action movies
Movies directed by Alfonso Cuaron
Post-apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
Hanna Suchocka

Hanna Stanislawa Suchocka (born 3 April 1946) is a Polish politician and lawyer. She was a professor at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan and Chair of the Constitutional Law Department.
She was the Prime Minister of Poland between 8 July 1992 and 26 October 1993 under the presidency of Lech Walesa. She is the first woman to hold this post in Poland.
References
1946 births
Living people
Polish academics
Polish lawyers
Prime Ministers of Poland
Ambassadors of Poland
Polydnavirus

The polydnaviruses (PDV) are a family of insect viruses. There are two genera: ichnoviruses (IV) and bracoviruses (BV). The ichnoviruses occur in ichneumonid wasps and bracoviruses in braconid wasps.
The genome of the virus is composed of multiple segments of double-stranded DNA packed in capsid proteins and a double or single layer envelope. The sequences are quite different between BV and IV, suggesting that the two types evolved independently.
Biology
These viruses are part of a unique biological system with three parts: a parasitoid wasp, an insect (usually lepidopteran) larva, and the virus. The full genome of the virus is integrated into the genome of the wasp and the virus only replicates in a particular part of the ovary of pupal and adult female wasps.
The virus is injected with the wasp egg into the body cavity of a host caterpillar and infects cells of the caterpillar. The infection does not lead to replication of new viruses, rather it affects the caterpillar's immune system. Without the virus infection, phagocytic haemocytes (blood cells) will kill the wasp egg. The immune suppression caused by the virus allows the wasp egg to survive. It hatches and develops in the caterpillar. Also, genes from the polydnavirus in the host alter host development and metabolism to be good for the growth and survival of the parasitoid larva. Thus the virus and wasp have a symbiotic (mutualistic) relationship.
References
Viruses
A Gentle Creature (1960 movie)

A Gentle Creature () is a 1960 Soviet drama movie directed by Aleksandr Borisov. It stars Iya Savvina, Andrei Popov, and Vera Kuznetsova.
Actors
Iya Savvina as Gentle Woman
Andrei Popov as Pawnbroker
Vera Kuznetsova as Lukerya
Panteleymon Krymov as Officer Yefimovich
Zinaida Dorogova as episode
Aleksandr Gustavson as Officer
References
Other websites
1960 drama movies
Soviet drama movies
Yoshihiro Masujima

Yoshihiro Masujima (born on May 22, 1980) is a Japanese actor. His first role was in Gekisou Sentai Carranger as Naoki Damon/Blue Racer. Not much is known about his filmography, except that.
Place he was born
He was born in Saitama Prefecture.
Living people
Museo Reina Sofía

Museo Reina Sofia is a museum in Madrid, Spain. Picasso's painting Guernica is there.
The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia (MNCARS, also called the Museo Reina Sofia, Queen Sofia Museum, El Reina Sofia, or simply The Sofia) is Spain's national museum of 20th century art. The museum was officially inaugurated on September 10, 1992 and is named for Queen Sofia of Spain. It is located in Madrid, near the Atocha train and metro stations, at the southern end of the so-called Golden Triangle of Art (located along the Paseo del Prado and also comprising the Museo del Prado and the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza).
The museum is mainly dedicated to Spanish art. Highlights of the museum include excellent collections of Spain's two greatest 20th century masters, Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dali. The Reina Sofia Museum also hosts a free-access library specializing in art, with a collection of over 100,000 books, over 3,500 sound recordings and almost 1,000 videos.
The central building of the museum was once an 18th-century hospital. Extensive modern renovations and additions to the old building were made starting in 1980. In 1988, portions of the new museum were opened to the public, mostly in temporary configurations; that same year it was decreed by the Ministry of Culture as a national museum. Its architectural identity was radically changed in 1989 by Ian Ritchie (architect) with the addition of three glass circulation towers. A EUR92 million designed by French architect Jean Nouvel opened October 2005.
The building has been functioning as the Centro del Arte (Art Center) since 1986 but was established as the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in 1988. But analyzing the building's history up until these events, it appears that the building was subjected to being tested out as different representations of what it is today.
Photo Gallery, Reina Sofia Museum
Museums in Spain
Christen Press

Christen Annemarie Press (born December 29, 1988 in Los Angeles, California, United States) is an American professional soccer player. She currently plays for Manchester United W.F.C. of the FA Women's Super League and the United States women's national team as a forward. Along with her football career, she has also been in several advertisements with Nike and Coppertone. Along with some of her teammates, she has also been in the popular American TV series, The Simpsons.
Career
She has won the Swedish Cup with Kopparbergs/Goteborg FC, and many other individual awards. She has appeared in various tournaments, including the Algarve Cup, CONCACAF Women's Championship and FIFA Women's World Cup. She was part of the squad that won the 2015 and 2019 World Cups.
References
Other websites
Official Blog
US Soccer Player Profile
1988 births
American soccer players
Living people
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Institutional racism

Institutional racism is a form of racism that are in social institutions. It is also called systemic racism because it is in the systems that make up society. People usually think of racism as being thoughts of hate and prejudice against other races, but institutional racism means that those feelings are present in the ways people interact with each other.
Institutional racism is not new, but the term is. It was invented by civil rights leaders Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton.
North America
United States
Institutional racism is a huge issue in the US.
Housing
In the past, Black Americans were not allowed to live in certain neighborhoods. For example, banks would not give them loans to live in the same neighborhoods as white people. As a result, many Black people now live in places that have high rates of poverty and lack of access to resources like parks and good schools.
References
Racism
William Wallace Barron

William Wallace "Wally" Barron (December 8, 1911 - November 12, 2002) was a Democratic politician in West Virginia. He was the state's 26th Governor from 1961 to 1965. He later went to jail for corruption.
Barron's governorship was corrupt. Many officials were convicted of criminal charges including bribery, making false records, conspiracy and tax evasion. In 1971 Barron was convicted of jury tampering in an earlier trial. Barron was sentenced to 5 years in prison.
He died on November 12, 2002 in Charlotte, North Carolina.
References
Other websites
Biography of William W. Barron
Inaugural Address of William W. Barron
1911 births
2002 deaths
Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity, or brain plasticity, is the ability of connections in the brain to change through growth and reorganization.
Neuroplasticity was once thought by scientists who study the brain to exist only during childhood, but research in the latter half of the 20th century showed that many aspects of the brain can be altered (or are "plastic") even through adulthood. However, the developing brain exhibits a higher degree of plasticity than the adult brain.
References
Brain
A. Philip Randolph

A. Philip Randolph (April 15, 1889 - May 16, 1979) was a social activist who fought for labor rights for African-American communities during the 20th century. During World War I, he attempted to unionize African-American shipyard workers and elevator operators and co-launched a magazine designed to encourage demand for higher wages. He later importantly founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which by 1937 would become the first official African-American labor union.
In 1942, he received the Spingarn Medal from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. On September 14, 1964, he was awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom by the President Lyndon B. Johnson.
References
1889 births
1979 deaths
American labor leaders
American socialists
Democratic socialists
Nonviolence advocates
People from Jacksonville, Florida
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Coucouron

Coucouron is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Related pages
Communes of the Ardeche department
Communes in Ardeche
Confederation of the Equator

The Confederation of the Equator () was a short-lived state established in the northeastern region of Brazil during that nation's struggle for independence from Portugal. The secessionist movement was led by wealthy landowners who opposed early reforms by the nation's first leader, Emperor Pedro I. Pernambuco and Ceara were the first of five Northeastern provinces to secede.
Background of conflict
The Confederation ceased to exist after being crushed by Brazilian forces under Thomas Cochrane.
The rebellion in the Northeast followed a similar uprising in Pernambuco only five years earlier.
Before independence, North Brazil had been one of the two separate viceroyalties, Grao-Para, besides the Viceroyalty of Brazil in the South. Pedro I combined the two into one Imperial State. However, the North was historically more averse to secession from Portugal and had fought to remain part of the Portuguese empire, before being defeated by Pedro I and being annexed. The Confederation was a second popular attempt.
Both the secession of Brazil from Portugal and the suppression of the Loyalist Viceroyalty of the North were aided by Britain, militarily and with personnel, such as Thomas Cochrane, on loan to Pedro I, a Freemason and Anglophile.
Aftermath
Pedro I sent troops to the Northeast to quell the rebellion, with all three provinces falling by September of that year. The state of Ceara managed to survive until November, and the last stronghold of the Confederation in the Sertao was the site of the final resisting leaders of the fallen nation.
Several rebels were condemned by a military tribunal to death. One notable execution was that of Frei Caneca an intellectual and religious mentor supporting the cause of the Confederation, in which some soldiers refused to fire. After briefly escaping, he was eventually executed in 1825.
References
Hours, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Hours, Pyrenees-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Hours, Pyrenees-Atlantiques
Scott Parker

Scott Parker (born 13 October 1980) is an English football manager and former football player, who was formerly the manager of Premier League club Bournemouth.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="4"|Charlton Athletic||First Division||3||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||4||0
|-
|1998/99||Premier League||4||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|1999/00||First Division||15||1||1||0||2||0||0||0||18||1
|-
|2000/01||Premier League||20||1||3||0||2||0||0||0||25||1
|-
|2000/01||Norwich City||First Division||6||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||6||1
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Charlton Athletic||rowspan="3"|Premier League||38||1||0||0||3||0||0||0||41||1
|-
|2002/03||28||4||1||0||0||0||0||0||29||4
|-
|2003/04||20||2||0||0||2||1||0||0||22||3
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Chelsea||rowspan="2"|Premier League||11||1||1||0||0||0||5||0||17||1
|-
|2004/05||4||0||0||0||3||0||4||0||11||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||1||3||1||2||0||1||0||32||2
|-
|2006/07||29||3||0||0||2||1||10||0||41||4
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|West Ham United||rowspan="3"|Premier League||18||1||0||0||2||0||0||0||20||1
|-
|2008/09||28||1||3||0||2||0||0||0||33||1
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
250||17||14||1||21||2||20||0||305||20
250||17||14||1||21||2||20||0||305||20
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||0||0
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}
References
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from London
English football managers
Premier League players
E. Marinella

E. Marinella is an Italian necktie company founded by Eugenio Marinella in 1914 in Naples.
History
In 1914 Eugenio Marinella open a shop in Naples. In the 1980s the name Marinella began to land outside the Italian borders thanks to the President of the Republic Francesco Cossiga who took the habit of bringing a box containing five Marinella ties as a gift to the heads of state on his official visits.
Clientele
Politicians as Bill Clinton, Boris Yeltsin, Silvio Berlusconi, Jacques Chirac and Hosni Mubarak have worn Marinella ties, as have King Juan Carlos, Prince Charles, Gianni Agnelli and Albert II, Prince of Monaco.
Products
In addition to ties, E. Marinella also sells bags, watches, cologne, accessories and cufflinks for men. Their line of women's products include bags, scarves, perfumes and accessories.
Related pages
Haute couture
References
Italian fashion houses
Naples
Newton (unit)

The newton (symbol: N) is the SI unit of force. It is named after Sir Isaac Newton because of his work on classical mechanics. A newton is how much force is required to make a mass of one kilogram accelerate at a rate of one metre per second squared.
1 N is the force of Earth's gravity on a mass of about 102 g.
On the Earth's surface, a mass of 1 kg pushes on its support with an average force of 9.8 N.
1 Newton is equal to the amount of force required to accelerate an object (with a mass of one kilogram) at a rate of 1 meter per second, per second.
The US Customary Unit of force is the pound (symbol: lbf). 1 pound is equal to 4.44822 newtons.
In 1946, Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) set the unit of force in the MKS system of units to be the amount needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 metre per second each second. In 1948, the CGPM adopted the name "newton" for this force. The MKS system then became the blueprint for today's SI International System of Units. That made the newton the standard unit of force.
This SI unit is named after Isaac Newton. As with every International System of Units (SI) unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case (N). However, when an SI unit is spelled out in English, it should always begin with a lower case letter (newton)--except in a situation where any word in that position would be capitalized, such as at the beginning of a sentence or in material using title case. Note that "degree Celsius" conforms to this rule because the "d" is lowercase.-- Based on The International System of Units, section 5.2.
Newton's second law of motion states that F = m*a, where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object receiving the force, and a is the acceleration of the object. The newton is therefore:[2]
SI derived units
Units of force
Roraima

Roraima is one of the states of Brazil. It is in the northern part of the country. It shares borders with the states of Para and Amazonas, as well as the countries Venezuela and Guyana. Roraima is both the northernmost and least populated state of Brazil.
Geography
The climate is tropical with an average temperature of 26 degC. Most of the state is in the Amazon rainforest. A small part of the state is a small strip of savanna to the east. The state has many mineral deposits - especially gold, diamonds, cassiterite, bauxite and copper. These create constant fights with the native people. The Yanomami are the most well-known of the native people, but they are greatly out-numbered by the Macuxi.
The Monte Roraima National Park is near one of the highest mountains of Brazil, the 9220 ft (2727 m) high table-top Mount Roraima.
History
In 1943, the federal government separated the area from the state Amazonas. The territory was first named Rio Branco after the main river. In 1962, it was renamed "Roraima." In 1988, it became a state. The name of the state was taken from Monte Roraima, whose name comes from the Pemon words roroi (cyan) and ma (large).
References
Other websites
State government website
1988 establishments in Brazil
Burt Jones

William Burton Jones (born April 25, 1979) is a 13th American politician and businessman and current lieutenant governor of Georgia since 2023. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a member of the Georgia State Senate from 2013 to 2023.
References
1979 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Claus von Bülow

Claus von Bulow (born Claus Cecil Borberg; 11 August 1926 - 25 May 2019) was a Danish-British socialite.
He was known for being accused of the attempted murder of his wife Sunny von Bulow in 1979 which had left her in a coma from which she never recovered. However, that conviction in the first trial was reversed and he was found not guilty at his second trial.
In the same trial he was also convicted for the attempted murder of his wife by insulin overdose in 1980 which left her in a persistent vegetative state for the rest of her life, but that conviction in the first trial was also reversed and he was found not guilty at his second trial.
He was a friend and personal assistant to J. Paul Getty.
The characters Klaus and Sunny Baudelaire from A Series of Unfortunate Events are named after Claus and Sunny von Bulow.
Bulow died in London on 25 May 2019 at the age of 92.
References
1926 births
2019 deaths
British lawyers
British critics
Socialites
People acquitted of murder
People from Copenhagen
Fujikawa, Yamanashi

Fujikawa is a town in Minamikoma District, Yamanashi, Japan.
On March 8, 2010 the towns of Masuho and Kajikazawa combined to become the new town of "Fujikawa".
Other websites
Fujikawa official website
Towns in Japan
Settlements in Yamanashi Prefecture
Tibetan people

The Tibetan people () are an ethnic group that is native to Tibet. They number about 7.8 million. In 2014, there were 7.5 million Tibetans living in Tibet and the 10 Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures in Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Large populations of Tibetans live outside of Tibet, in other parts of China, and in India, Nepal and Bhutan.
Tibetans speak the Tibetic languages. Many of these languages are cannot be understood by each other. These languages are also spoken by people in Baltistan, Ladakh, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. The main language among Tibetans in Tibet is the Central Tibetan language.
Most Tibetans practice Tibetan Buddhism. Some practice the native Bon religion. There is a small Muslim minority.
The American botanist Joseph Rock saw the fighting between the Hui Muslim warlord Ma Qi and the Tibetan Buddhist of Labrang monastery. Even more brutal fighting broke out when war between Zhang Zuolin's Fengtian clique happened against the Guominjun warlord Feng Yuxiang in 1925, autumn. The position of Gansu governor was taken by Feng Yuxiang. Only Muslim warlords were left after many of the non-Muslim warlords were expelled by Liu Yufen's Guominjun army of 15,000 soldiers as acting governor under Feng Yuxiang. A huge amount of taxes were squeezed for Feng by Liu Yufen after an earthquake and famine brought about by drought. The in Hezhou a revolt against Liu Yufen was led in Liangzhou by Hui Muslim warlord Ma Tingxing (son of Ma Anliang) in 1928, Spring. Hui, Dongxiang and Salar Muslims were recruited to also siege Hezhou in the army of 10,000 by Ma Zhongying, who was related to Ma Qi. Ma Zhongying's Muslim soldiers were starving and numbered 25,000 by November so that attacked the Tao river valley in the south, slaughtering Tibetan Buddhist monks, burning the palace of the Tibetan Tusi chief king Yang Jiqing, sacking the Tibetan city of Chone and defeated Yang Jiqing's 3,000 strong Tibetan militia. Tibetan areas all across southern Gansu were laid waste to. Tibetan militias defeated Taozhou from Ma Tingxing. The Tibetans inflicted heavy casualties upon Ma Tingxian so he supposed Ma Zhongying's Muslim forces and together they ravaged and destroyed the Taozhou-Chone region destroying and burning Tibetan areas. The Muslims burned the printing presses and temple of the Tibetan Buddhists in Chone. The Muslims then looted the gompa and massacred the Tibetan Buddhist monks of the Labrang monastery after fleeting from Liu Yufen in January 1929. 2 million died in the war as villages and towns across Gansu's south and east were destroyed during the war when Ma Zhongying was fighting as Feng Yuxiang attacked him. The Chone temple and palaces were rebuilt by the Tibetan Tusi chief king Yang Jiqing after the 1928-1929 war. The rebellion was put down by Feng Yuxiang and Gansu became peaceful again until the 1935 when the communist Long March came.
Related pages
Sherpa people
Burig
References
Ethnic groups in China
Fighting game

A fighting game is a video game in which two or more players battle for the winning spot, usually by fighting to the death or K.O.. Most fighting games have a selection of characters with different abilities. Some popular fighting games are Mortal Kombat, Street Fighter, and Soul Calibur.
Types of video games
Video game genres
Kirby: Triple Deluxe

Kirby: Triple Deluxe is a Kirby video game for the Nintendo 3DS console. It is the 13th platform game in the series. It was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on January 11, 2014, in North America on May 2, 2014, and in Europe on May 16, 2014. Kirby: Planet Robobot is based off of this game. It released in 2016.
Gameplay
Kirby: Triple Deluxe is be a 2.5D (a type of game which plays like a 2D game, but has 3D graphics) platform game. Kirby is able to go into both the foreground and the background by using a special type of Warp Star, like in Donkey Kong Country Returns.
References
Other websites
Official website
2014 video games
Kirby
Platform games
Nintendo 3DS games