Ernst Röhm

Ernst Julius Gunther Rohm (28 November 1887 ; in Munich,Bavaria,Germany- 1 July 1934 ; in Munich, Bavaria, Germany) was a leader and co-founder of the German Sturmabteilung, the Stormtroopers. He also was a member of the German Reichstag, where he was a minister from 1933 to 1934. He was murdered during the Night of the Long Knives, in 1934. Adolf Hitler gave the order to murder Rohm. He was gay.
During the First World War, Rohm fought as an officer. He was awarded the Iron Cross First Class.
Early life
Ernst Rohm was born in Munich on 28 November 1887. He was the third child of a chief train inspector, Julius Rohm, and his wife, Emilie Rohm. He had one older brother and one older sister. His sister's son was Bernhard Lippert, a German diplomat.
In 1906, after his Abitur (school exams) in Munich, Rohm joined the Bavarian army as a Fanjunkare. Two years later he became a Lieutenant.
First World War
In 1914, at the beginning of the First World War, he was an adjutant and fought on the Western Front. He was wounded three times, and was awarded the Iron Cross First Class. He was badly hurt in that year and lost a piece of his nasal bone. He worked for the Bavarian government in the War Department for the first time. Two years later, in 1918, he was given the rank of a captain (German: Hauptmann).
After the First World War, Rohm went to the Freikorps (Free Corps) of Franz Ritter von Epp. He wanted to fight against the Communists in Munich. With this group, he went to fight against the Bavarian Soviet Republic. In July 1919, the Freikorps became part of the Reichswehr.
Involvement in the Nazi Party
In 1919, Rohm joined the German Workers' Party (German: Deutsche Arbeiter Partei (DAP)). This was the precursor of the Nazi party. One year later, he became a member of the German Nazi Party. He received the membership number 623. Rohm helped Hitler establish relationships with the Bavarian politicians and the industrialists. Two years later, Rohm and Hitler started the Sturmabteilung (SA), attracting many men from the Freikorps. It was founded as a paramilitary group for the German Nazi Party. Hitler made Rohm the leader of the SA.
Rohm took a part in the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. The Nazi Party tried to overthrow the government, but failed. Rohm was arrested and charged with high treason. The judges decided he was guilty on 1 April 1924. Rohm went to prison for five months and lost his job in the army. Following the court trial, both the Nazi Party and the Sturmabteilung became illegal.
In 1924, Rohm helped start the Frontbann, an alternative to the Sturmabteilung. After an argument with Adolf Hitler, Rohm retired as leader of the SA. He said that he was only a soldier and not a politician. Between 1928 and 1930, he worked for the Bolivian military as an advisor.
Leader of the Sturmabteilung
On 1 November 1930, he went back to Germany and joined the Nazi Party a second time. In January 1931, Adolf Hitler placed Rohm in charge of the Sturmabteilung. In just over a year, he expanded it from 70,000 to 170,000 members. In April 1932, Chancellor Heinrich Bruning banned the SA again. Franz von Papen, who was chancellor after Heinrich Bruning, annulled the ban in June. In 1933, Ernst Rohm became a Reichsminister, a minister of the Reichstag. In 1934, the SA had over 4,500,000 members. The power of the SA increased. Because of this, Adolf Hitler and the Schutzstaffel (SS) started a new dispute with Rohm. The SA was about 20 times greater in membership than the Reichswehr; Rohm was dreaming to take over the Reichswehr.
Hitler was afraid of Rohm's power. Rohm wanted to merge the Sturmabteilung with the general army, with him as leader. He also wanted a "second Nazi revolution" to make Germany more socialist. He was an anticapitalist, and at this time, Hitler was trying to befriend Germany's industrialists. Hitler planned to kill Rohm.
Night of the Long Knives
Rohm arranged with Hitler that the Sturmabteilung would get four weeks holiday during the summer of 1934. The holiday started on 1 July 1934. Rohm wanted to go to Bad Wiessee for rest. On 29 June 1934, Rohm was arrested, yet had no trial. He was given the choice by Theodor Eicke: to commit suicide or be killed. On 1 July, Theodor Eicke shot Rohm as instructed by Hitler. Rohm was buried in the Munich western cemetery.
Many Sturmabteilung leaders were killed on that same night, mostly by the Schutzstaffel and Gestapo. It was called the "Night of the Long Knives". The next day the German parliament passed a law with only one paragraph making the murders at the Night of the Long Knives legal.
References
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1887 births
1934 deaths
Executed German people
Executed Nazis
Gay men
German LGBT people
German murder victims
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
LGBT politicians
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Murders by firearm in Germany
People from Munich
Politicians from Bavaria
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Sturmabteilung people