pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Harvard Business School

Harvard Business School (abbv: HBS) is the graduate business school of Harvard University. It is located in Boston, Massachusetts. It is one of the top business schools in the world. It offers a wide full-time MBA program, management-related doctoral programs, and many leadership education programs.
It owns Harvard Business Publishing. The company publishes business books, leadership articles, case studies, and the monthly Harvard Business Review. It is also where the Baker Library/Bloomberg Center is.
References
Other websites
Official website
Harvard University
Karl-Erik Nilsson

Karl-Erik Nilsson (4 January 1922 - 14 December 2017) was a Swedish light-heawyweight (-87 kg) Greco-Roman wrestler. He competed at the 1948, 1952 and 1956 Olympics and won one gold and two bronze medals. He won another bronze medal at the 1955 World Wrestling Championships. He was born in Stehag, Sweden.
Nilsson died at the age of 95 in Stockholm on 14 December 2017.
References
Other websites
Karl-Erik Nilsson's profile at databaseOlympics
Karl-Erik Nilsson's profile at Sports Reference.com
1922 births
2017 deaths
Swedish Olympic gold medalists
Swedish Olympic bronze medalists
Dhegihan languages

The Dhegihan languages are a group of Siouan languages. They include Kansa-Osage, Omaha-Ponca, and Quapaw. Their historical region included parts of the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys, the Great Plains, and southeastern North America. The shared Dhegihan (Degihan) migration history and separation story places them as a united group in the late 1600s near the confluence of the Ohio and Tennessee rivers (southern Illinois and western Kentucky), which then moved westward towards the Missouri River and separated.
Kansa and Osage can be understood by each other, as can Omaha and Ponca.
The 2nd Annual Dhegiha Gathering in 2012 brought Kansa, Quapaw, Osage, Ponca and Omaha speakers together to share best practices in language revitalization.
References
Languages of North America
Blank slate

Blank slate, or tabula rasa (which means the same thing) was a philosophical idea of John Locke. It had, like much of philosophy, a history which went as far back as Aristotle, but it was Locke who made it known to our modern world:
"Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper void of all characters, without any ideas. How comes it to be furnished? ... To this I answer, in one word, from EXPERIENCE".
Humans, when born, are thought not have mental experience or knowledge, and that everything is learned after they grow. In particular, Locke thought all knowledge came from sense data, and the mind is empty at the beginning. By 'sense data' is meant the process of hearing, seeing, touching etc.
Locke's idea was immediately picked up by others:
"Children are a sort of raw material put into our hands... [Their minds are] like a sheet of white paper".
"Our virtues and our vices may be traced to the incidents which make the history of our lives, and if these incidents could be divested of every improper tendency, vice would be extirpated [cut out] from the world".--The economist and social liberal William Godwin (1756-1836), who argued for human perfectibility and enlightenment.
Many have held similar views. The founder of behaviourism, John B. Watson (1878-1938):
"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select - doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors".
Throughout the 20th century the influence of evolution and genetics ran against these liberal ideas. Ethology proved that much animal behaviour was inherited, instinctual, (innate and permanent). Konrad Lorenz argued that the aggression so obvious in the history of mankind was a playing out of behaviour which had evolutionary advantage in our past. The field of evolutionary psychology set out to examine the role played by evolution on our mental life. If humans share a common evolutionary history with the other animals, it is likely that we inherit mental traits from our evolution. The human ability to learn a language is inherited, and is of huge practical importance. Very important also (though less obvious) is the way that our unconscious mind helps us get through life. The apparatus which performs that mental activity is certainly inherited. These are some reasons why a number of recent publications have rejected Locke's idea.
Related pages
Adaptive unconscious
Behaviourism
Empiricism
Human nature
Nature versus nurture
Psychological nativism
Sociobiology
References
Psychology
Philosophical anthropology
Justine Dufour-Lapointe

Justine Dufour-Lapointe (born March 25, 1994 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian freestyle skier. She skied in the moguls events for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi where she won a gold medal. Her sister Chloe Dufour-Lapointe also won a silver medal in the event which was the first time that Canadian sisters stood together on the podium. When she won the gold medal, she became the youngest freestyle skiing Olympic champion ever at 19. She also won a bronze medal in the moguls event at the 2013 FIS World Championships. It was the first gold medal win for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics.
References
Other websites
profile at the International Ski Federation
1994 births
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Canadian skiers
Living people
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Montreal
Kshirodakashayi Vishnu

In Gaudiya Vaishnavism, the Satvata-tantra describes three different forms, or aspects, of Vishnu as Mahavishnu, Garbhodaksayi-Visnu and Ksirodakasayi Vishnu. Ksirodakasayi-Visnu resides in the heart of every living creature as a four hand expansion similar to that of Mahavisnu. He is also referred to as Paramatma or super soul. His abode is in all beings.
Hinduism
Biescas

Biescas is a town in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. It is on the river Gallego at and altitude of 875 m in the zone known as Tierra de Biescas. The population is 1240.
It is divided in two main neighbourhoods "San Pedro" and "El Salvador", the last one divided other two neighbourhoods called "Barrio Bajo" and "La Pena" (or "Barrio Alto").
There are two churches in the town, the first one, San Pedro's Church is in the neighbourhood of San Pedro and the second one San Salvador's Church in La Pena.
Municipality of Biescas is divided in four parts
Tierra de Biescas, which includes the towns of Oros Alto, Oros Bajo, Olivan, Escuer Alto, Escuer Bajo and Biescas.
Sobremonte, which includes Aso de Sobremonte, Betes de Sobremonte and Yosa de Sobremonte.
Valley of Tena, where are the towns of Piedrafita de Jaca, Bubal, Polituara and Saques.
Valley of Gavin, where Gavin is the only one town.
Additionally Ainielle, Barbenuta, Bergusa, Casbas, Espierre, Susin and Javierre del Obispo are included in Biescas municipality
References
Settlements in Huesca
Municipalities in Aragon
Black bloc

Black bloc is a protest strategy where people wear black clothes and cover up their faces. This helps them to not be recognized and to avoid pepper spray in their eyes.
Overview
People who do black bloc wear black clothes and shoes. Usually they wear matching clothes to blend in better in a crowd. They may also wear sunglasses to protect their eyes. To cover up their faces, they might wear hoodies, ski masks, and motorcycle helmets.
History
Black bloc was developed by leftists in West Germany in the 1980s. The idea became famous in Seattle, Washington in the United States in the 1990s in protests against the World Trade Organization.
Purpose
The purpose of black bloc is to not be recognized by the police and security cameras. This is because people wearing black bloc may do things that are considered wrong or illegal according to the people in power. Some of these things include rioting, vandalism, and protesting without a permit.
References
Protests
Protective clothing
Saint-Jean-d'Angély

Saint-Jean-d'Angely is a French commune, a subprefecture in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France. It is in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Saint-Jean-d'Angely.
The commune has its historical origins in the Abbey of Saint-Jean-d'Angely.
Geography
Saint-Jean-d'Angely is in the northeast of the Charente-Maritime department, in the old province of Saintonge, along the Boutonne river, a tributary of the Charente river.
The commune of Saint-Jean-d'Angely has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The commune of Saint-Jean-d'Angely is surrounded by the communes:
Climate
The climate of Saint-Jean-d'Angely, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
The inhabitants of this city are known, in French, as Angeriens (women: Angeriennes).
With a population of 7,123, Saint-Jean-d'Angely has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Saint-Jean-d'Angely
Administration
Saint-Jean-d'Angely is a subprefecture of the Charente-Maritime department, the capital of the arrondissement of Saint-Jean-d'Angely and the administrative centre () of the canton of Saint-Jean-d'Angely.
It is part of the intercommunality Vals de Saintonge ().
Twinned and partner towns
Saint-Jean-d'Angely is twinned with:
Saint-Sulpice, Quebec, Canada
New Iberia, Louisiana, United States
Gallery
Related pages
Arrondissement of Saint-Jean-d'Angely
Communes of the Charente-Maritime department
References
Other websites
Mairie de Saint-Jean-d'Angely website
Subprefectures in France
Communes in Charente-Maritime
Burleson, Texas

Burleson is a city in Texas. During the 2010 Census, there were 36,690 people living in Burleson. Burleson is in both Johnson and Tarrant counties and is a suburb of Fort Worth.
Kelly Clarkson was living in Burleson when she won the first American Idol contest.
References
Cities in Texas
Settlements in Tarrant County, Texas
Félix María Samaniego

Felix Maria de Samaniego (October 12, 1745-- August 11, 1801; born and died in Laguardia, Alava) was a Spanish neoclassical fabulist, educated at Valladolid. A government appointment was secured for him by his uncle the Count de Penaflorida. He was a Spanish neoclassical fabulist and was educated at Valladolid.
1745 births
1801 deaths
Spanish writers
Valery Leontiev

Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev (; born 19 March 1949 in Ust-Usa, Soviet Union) is a well-known Russian and formerly Soviet singer and actor.
Valery Leontiev began his career in Soviet times, and actively continues to this day. He has recorded more than 30 albums.
Other websites
1949 births
Living people
Russian singers
Russian actors
Soviet singers
Sullivan Bluth Studios

Don Bluth Entertainment (formerly Sullivan Bluth Studios) was an Irish-American animation studio. Don Bluth made it in 1979. Bluth and several colleagues, all of whom were former Disney animators, left Disney on September 13, 1979 to form Don Bluth Productions, later known as the Bluth Group.
References
1979 establishments
American animation studios
Companies based in California
Companies based in Ireland
1995 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States
Omaha, Nebraska

Omaha is a major US city located in the state of Nebraska in the center of the United States. The city is home to 486,051 people, making it the 39th largest city in the United States as of 2020. It is also the state's largest city both in population and geography.
Music
Omaha is known for its Indie music scene. Bright Eyes and 311 are some of the most well known bands to come out of the city. Local music venues include the Slowdown in NoDo and The Waiting Room in Benson.
Connor Oberst, lead singer of Bright Eyes, started Saddle Creek Records in Omaha. The label is named after a street in Midtown Omaha, despite the label being housed in downtown. Saddle Creek Records is the owner of the Slowdown.
Business
Omaha is home to a number national and global headquarters including TD Ameritrade, Berkshire Hathaway, Con Agra Foods, Mutual of Omaha, Woodmen of the World, and Hayneedle. First National Bank of Omaha's headquarters are located downtown at One First National Place, the state's largest building. Billionaire Warren Buffett calls the city home and hosts the annual Berkshire Hathaway shareholders meeting at the Century Link Center in downtown Omaha.
Sports
The city hosts the College World Series every year at TD Ameritrade Park, since 2011. The series was formerly hosted at Rosenblatt Stadium prior to its condemnation in September 2010 and subsequent demolition in late 2012. The Series was first held in Omaha in 1947.
Climate
Omaha has a humid continental climate (Dfa in the Koeppen climate classification). Summers are hot and quite wet; winters are cold and quite dry.
References
County seats in Nebraska
1854 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Erasmus (disambiguation)

Erasmus can refer to:
ERASMUS programme, the higher education part of the European Union's Socrates programme for student exchange
People:
Erasmus of Arcadia, Greek Orthodox Bishop
Erasmus, the humanist scholar, also known as Erasmus of Rotterdam or Disiderius Erasmus
Saint Erasmus of Formiae alias Saint Elmo
Erasmus Grasser, leading sculptor in Munich during the early 16th century.
Erasmus Darwin
In Rotterdam:
Erasmus University
Gymnasium Erasmianum (Erasmus Gymnasium school)
Erasmus Bridge
Other:
Erasmushogeschool in Brussels
Erasmus the wizard, one of the major characters in the Quest for Glory adventure games
Erasmus (Dune), a fictional intelligent robot in the Legends of Dune series by Kevin J. Anderson and Brian Herbert
Erasmus (shogun), Protagonist Blackthorne's ship (Dutch)
Claude, Texas

Claude is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Boxing Helena

Boxing Helena is a 1993 American romantic drama movie. It is about a lonely surgeon from Atlanta who gets obsessed with an accident victim named Helena. Sherilyn Fenn plays Helena. This movie was originally marked NC-17 (no children 17 and under admitted). It was later re-rated R on appeal. The movie performed very badly at the box office. The reviews were very negative. This movie was released in September 1993.
Production
There was controversy with the casting of this movie. Madonna and Kim Basinger were each cast as Helena, but backed out. Basinger was taken to court for leaving the role. She lost, and was ordered to pay 8.1 million dollars. The verdict was later set aside on appeal in 1994, but the actress later settled for $3.8 million.
References
1993 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
1990s English-language movies
Movies set in Atlanta
American independent movies
Movies about dreams
Overture

An overture is a piece of music for the orchestra to play at the beginning of an opera or ballet. The word comes from the French word for "opening" because it "opens" the show.
Overtures usually have tunes which are going to be heard during the opera or ballet. In this way it prepares the audience for what is to come.
Many overtures in the 18th century were simply background music to get the audience's attention (people used to chatter during performances). Some composers like Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868) used the same overture again and again for his next operas, or just changed bits of it.
Composers like Christoph Willibald Gluck and later Richard Wagner (1813-1883) were very careful to make the overture a dramatic beginning which prepared the audience for the story. Wagner often called his overtures "Vorspiel" (Prelude).
Not all composers wrote overtures to their operas. Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) and Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) often go straight into the first act or they just have a very short prelude.
In the 19th century many Romantic composers wrote concert overtures. These pieces did not belong to any opera or ballet, they were just written to be heard at concerts. They often had a descriptive title because they told some sort of story, e.g. Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) wrote an overture "Fingal's Cave" which describes the sea coming into the cave in the Inner Hebrides islands. Sometimes these descriptive pieces were much longer than an overture (which is usually just a few minutes), so they were called tone poems.
Overtures are usually played in sonata form.
Related pages
Incidental music
Prelude
Musical forms
Aetingen

Aetingen is a former municipality in the new municipality of Buchegg and in the district Bucheggberg in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
References
Former municipalities of Solothurn
Death Wish (series)

The Death Wish movie series is a series of action movies. It was created by Michael Winner in 1974. It is based on the book of the same name by Brian Garfield, written in 1972.
Main character
The series is about Paul Kersey (played by Charles Bronson). Kersey kills criminals, including gangsters, drug dealers, murderers, and rapists. He kills them either because he is hired to do so by another person or for revenge. His wife, daughter, and some of his friends were killed by criminals. Their death made Kersey want to kill criminals. Many cops think that he is a criminal. Others think that he's helping. The movies are set in either New York City, Chicago or Los Angeles. The entire series lasted for twenty years. Bronson played Kersey in all five movies.
Kersey was born in New York City of the early 1920s. Kersey's father was an English-American who originated from Norman England. His mother comes from Provo, Utah. Kersey's Norman English ancestor, Pierre Whitmore Keersye, changed his name to Kersey. Kersey served in World War II from 1944 to 1945. In 1953, he served in the Korean War in the medical corps. In the late 1950s, he went to New York City to settle down.
Movies
Movies
Death Wish (1974) (directed by Michael Winner)
Death Wish II (1982) (directed by Michael Winner)
Death Wish 3 (1985) (directed by Michael Winner)
Death Wish 4: The Crackdown (1987) (directed by J. Lee Thompson)
Death Wish V: The Face of Death (1994) (directed by Allan A. Goldstein)
Death Wish (2018) (directed by Eli Roth)
References
Other websites
Series of movies
American action movies
American crime thriller movies
Khyber Pass

The Khyber Pass (also called the Khaiber Pass or Khaybar Pass) () is a pass between Pakistan and Afghanistan; National Border Pass (International). It is the National Pass of Pakistan, and connects the frontiers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to Afghanistan.
Throughout history it has been an important trade route between Central Asia and South Asia, and a strategic military pass. The actual summit of the pass is 5 kilometers inside Pakistan at Landi Kotal. The pass cuts through the Safed Koh mountains which are a far southeastern extension of the Hindu Kush range.the height of the khyber pass is 1,070m and width is 140m.
The area around the Pass is inhabited by a number of Pashtun tribes, especially the Afridis.
Things to see around Khyber Pass
Michni Post at the Pak-Afghan border
Landikotal FC Mess
Torkham Car Market
Haji Ayub Afridi Compound
Ali Masjid Fort
Sphola Stupa
Shagai Fort
Khyber Steam Safari
References
Mountain passes of Pakistan
Nucleophilic substitution

A nucleophilic substitution is a chemical reaction. It is a type of substitution, or replacing, reaction. It happens when one nucleophile replaces another one on an atom. The other group leaves the atom and is called a leaving group.
There are different types of nucleophilic substitution. Which type happens depends on the type of the atoms and molecules involved. The two main categories of nucleophilic substitution are the SN1 reaction and the SN2 reaction.
References
Chemical reactions
Flag of Paraguay

The flag of Paraguay () has horizontal bands of red, white, and blue, defaced on the obverse with the coat of arms of Paraguay, and on the reverse by the reverse side of the arms.
References
Paraguay
Paraguay
Baltic Skies

Baltic Skies () is a 1960 Soviet drama movie directed by Vladimir Vengerov. It stars Pyotr Glebov, Vsevolod Platov, and Mikhail Ulyanov.
Actors
Pyotr Glebov as Lunin (as P. Glebov)
Vsevolod Platov as Serov (as V. Platov)
Mikhail Ulyanov as Rassokhin (as M. Ulyanov)
Rolan Bykov as Kabankov (as R. Rolan)
Mikhail Kozakov as Bayseitov (as M. Kazakov)
Nikolai Klyuchnev as Chepyolkin (as N. Klyuchnev)
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1960 movies
Soviet drama movies
Freimettigen

Freimettigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Bern
Anna Komnene

Anna Komnene (sometimes spelled Comnena; Greek: Anna Komnene, Anna Komnene) was a Greek princess, scholar, and doctor. She was the eldest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos of Byzantium and Irene Doukaina.
Komnene was born in the Porphyra, the purple room of the Byzantine royal palace in Constantinople, on December 2nd, 1083. For some time, the emperor did not have a son, so Komnene who was originally engaged to Constantine Ducas, became an heir to the throne. While they were engaged, Anna went to live with Ducas's mother, Maria of Alania, where Komnena got an education in mathematics, philosophy, and medicine. Anna's future changed significantly when her brother John was born in 1087 and became the heir to the throne. This sparked Komnene's jealousy and hatred for her brother for the rest of her life. Unfortunately, Constantine Ducas died young and Anna married Nicephorus Bryennius in 1097 AD.
Anna began to plot a plan for her husband to inherit the throne, with the help of her grandmother, Anna Dalassene. Anna's mother, Irene, also helped Anna try to persuade her father while on his death bed, to give Brynnius the throne. The plan failed, mainly because of Nicephorus's loyalty to the heir of the throne, John. At her father's funeral, Anne is thought by many historians to have attempted an assassination of John, before he could claim the throne, but failed yet again.
John II Komnenos took the throne in 1188. Anna is supposed to have continued plotting against her brother, even though her husband refused to help her. Once her antics were discovered, Anna's lands were taken, and she was prohibited from entering the royal palace ever again. When Bryennius, her husband, died, Anna moved into a convent and began her work as a historian.
While she lived there, Anna wrote her book, The Alexiad. "The Alexiad" is a lengthy biography of her father's reign and the Byzantine Empire. It provides a picture of religious and intellectual activities within the empire. Anna writes about the faults and flaws in her father's reign as well as the successes and accomplishments. The 15 books of The Alexiad are written solely in Greek. Anne is the only female historian who wrote in Greek before the 19th century. She is also one of very few female authors and historians from Byzantium and was viewed as lesser by many. Her book is still important because Anna had access to the royal archives and had an inside view of politics. Her book remains one of the essential primary sources for Byzantine history and is a common read for those studying the time period.
Anna may have spent a large part of her life in a convent, but she did in fact become a nun until shortly before she died. She is thought to have died in 1153 however the exact date is unknown.
1083 births
1153 deaths
Greek princes and princesses
Greek physicians
Abominable (2019 movie)

Abominable is a computer animated movie made by DreamWorks Amimation, Pearl Studio. It stars the voices of Chloe Bennet, Albert Tsai, Tenzing Norgay Trainor, Eddie Izzard, Sarah Paulson, Tsai Chin, and Michelle Wong.
References
2019 animated movies
American animated movies
Chinese movies
DreamWorks Animation movies
Recloser

A recloser is a circuit breaker which can be closed automatically after the breaker has been opened because of electric fault. Because many faults in power systems fix themselves after they happen, the installation of recloser ensures more continuity of power and higher availability for electricity supply to the load.
Electricity
Murmansk Oblast

Murmansk Oblast (Russian: Murmanskaia oblast', Murmanskaya oblast' ) is a federal subject in northwestern Russia. The administrative centre is Murmansk, where most of the population lives. The oblast has a population of 741,511.
History
Records show people first began to populate the area sometime between 8000 BC and 7000 BC. The first permanent towns began to appear in the 15th century. These towns were mainly on the Tersky Coast. In the late 15th century, the area became part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. At the time, most of the economy was based on fishing.
Oblast divisions
The oblast is divided into six districts, six closed cities and six cities and towns under the oblast's control.
Districts
The six districts are: Kandalakshsky District, Kolsky District, Kovdorsky District, Lovozersky District, Pechengsky District, Tersky District.
Closed cities
The six closed cities are: Gadzhiyevo, Ostrovnoy, Polyarny, Severomorsk, Snezhnogorsk and Zaozyorsk.
These cities are controlled by the federal government. A "closed city" is a term for a city where residents need special permission to live there.
Cities and towns under the oblast's control
The six cities and towns under the oblast's control are: Murmansk, Apatity, Kirovsk, Monchegorsk, Olenegorsk and Polyarnye Zori.
These cities have their own oblast territory.
Climate
Most of the oblast is in the arctic circle, meaning in summer the sun is in the sky all day, while at night the sun never rises. The entire oblast also has a subarctic climate, with very cold winters, and short, warm summers. The area isn't as cold as other locations of the same longitude because of the effects of the North Atlantic Current. The current's influence also means that the northern coast is generally "warmer" than the southern central region.
Demographics
The native people of the area are the Sami, but they only make up 0.2% of the population today.
Below is a list of the largest cities in the oblast:
Approximately 42% of the population adhere to the Russian Orthodox Church. Another 4.5% follow another form of Christianity. 1% of the population is Muslim, 12% are atheists and 28% are "spiritual but not religious."
References
Other websites
Official website of Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast news
Oblasts of Russia
Stylianos Harkianakis

Stylianos Harkianakis (; 29 December 1935 - 25 March 2019) was an Australian Greek Orthodox priest. He served as the Archbishop of Australia at the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia. He moved to Australia in 1975. He taught spirituality at the University of Sydney. He was a theologian that focused on ecclesiology. He was also an award-winning poet. Harkianakis was born in Rethymno, on the island of Crete.
Harkianakis died after a long illness in Sydney, New South Wales on 25 March 2019. He was 83.
References
1935 births
2019 deaths
Archbishops
Australian Christian clergy
Australian educators
Australian poets
Disease-related deaths in Sydney
Eastern Orthodox bishops
Greek writers
Christian theologians
University of Sydney faculty
Side chain

A side chain in organic chemistry is a chemical group. It is attached to the molecule's "main chain" or backbone. A side chain is also known as a pendant chain.
Alkyl (saturated hydrocarbon) group side chains are represented by the placeholder R. Other non-carbon groups can be represented by X, Y, or Z.
Organic chemistry
Governor of South Australia

The Governor of South Australia is the representative in the Australian state of South Australia of Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. The Governor performs the same constitutional and ceremonial functions at the state level as does the Governor-General of Australia at the national level.
The current governor is Frances Adamson. The Governor's official residence is Government House, in Adelaide, the state's capital.
References
Dead Sea scrolls

The Dead Sea Scrolls are about 1,000 documents. They include texts from the Hebrew Bible. They were found between 1947 and 1979 in eleven caves in and around the Wadi Qumran (near the ruins of the ancient settlement of Khirbet Qumran, on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea) in the West Bank. The religious and historical texts are very important as they include practically the only known surviving copies of Biblical documents made before 100 CE. They show evidence of many different beliefs and practices within late Second Temple Judaism.
Related pages
Shrine of the Book
Religious texts
Théligny

Theligny is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Juan Cotino

Juan Gabriel Cotino Ferrer (26 January 1950 - 13 April 2020), known as Juan Cotino, was a Spanish businessman and politician. He was a member of the People's Party. He was born in Xirivella, Valencia. Cotino was a member of the Congress of Deputies from 2007 to 2014. From 2011 to 2014, he was President of Corts Valencianes. From 1996 to 2002, Cotino was Directorate-General of the Police.
Cotino died of COVID-19 on 13 April 2020 in Spain, aged 70.
References
1950 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Spanish politicians
Spanish businesspeople
Wilbur Smith

Wilbur Addison Smith (9 January 1933 - 13 November 2021) was a South African-British author. He mostly writes historical fiction books set in Southern Africa. His best known books include When the Lion Feeds, The Burning Shore, River God and The Seventh Scroll. He had three major book sets, The Courtney Novels, The Ballantyne Novels and the Ancient Egypt series. He wrote forty books, beginning in 1964. He had sold over 120 million copies in total.
Smith was born in Broken Hill, Northern Rhodesia (now Kabwe, Zambia). He was educated in South Africa. He was married four times: the first two marriages ended in divorce, his third wife died of brain cancer in 1999, and married his last wife in 2000. He had four children. He lived in London and Cape Town, South Africa.
Smith died on 13 November 2021 at his home in Cape Town at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
1933 births
2021 deaths
British novelists
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
South African writers
Zambian people
Captain Tsubasa

Captain Tsubasa (kiyaputenYi Kyaputen Tsubasa?), also known as Flash Kicker, or Captain Majid in Arab speaking countries, is a popular long-running Japanese manga, animation, and video game series, originally created by Yoichi Takahashi in 1981. The series mainly revolves around the sport of Association football.
Description
The Captain Tsubasa manga series was originally serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Shonen Jump comic book magazine between 1981 and 1988, spanning a total of 37-tankobon volumes. It was continued onto a sequel, Captain Tsubasa: "World Youth" Saga, which was serialized between 1994 and 1997 in Shonen Jump, spanning 18 volumes, and another sequel, entitled Captain Tsubasa: Road to 2002, which was serialized between 2001 and 2004 in Weekly Young Jump, which spanned 15 volumes. The latest sequel entitled Captain Tsubasa: Kaigai Gekito Hen En La Liga, serialized in Weekly Young Jump from 2010 to 2012.
1994 manga
Anime
Sports television series
Sports video games
Japanese television series
2001 anime television series
Crocy

Crocy is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Höslwang

Hoslwang is a municipality in Rosenheim, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
References
Municipalities in Bavaria
Rosenheim (district)
Segovia (disambiguation)

Segovia is a city in Spain.
Segovia may also refer to:
Andres Segovia, guitarist
Segovia Province, Spain
Segovia (Spanish Congress Electoral District)
Segovia River, Honduras
The Dilemma

The Dilemma is a 2011 American comedy-drama movie. It was produced by Ron Howard, Vince Vaughn and Brian Grazer. It was directed by Howard.
Plot
Ronny Valentine (Vince Vaughn) who catches his best friend's wife, Geneva (Winona Ryder) cheating on him with another man, Zip (Channing Tatum) and does not know whether he should tell him.
Cast
Vince Vaughn as Ronny Valentine
Kevin James as Nick Backman
Jennifer Connelly as Beth Backman
Winona Ryder as Geneva Backman
Channing Tatum as Zip Hanson
Queen Latifah as Dana Coleman
Chelcie Ross as Thomas Fern
Amy Morton as Diane Tutin
Clint Howard as Plant Specialist
Other websites
Official website
2011 buddy movies
2011 comedy-drama movies
Adultery in movies
American comedy-drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Ron Howard
Movies set in Chicago
Lana Parrilla

Lana Maria Parrilla (born July 15, 1977) is an American actress. She was born in Brooklyn, New York City. She is the younger daughter of Sam Parrilla. She was regular cast member on the season five of ABC situation comedy, Spin City, from 2000 to 2001. Parrilla later starred in the drama Boomtown (2002-2003). Then she starred in Windfall (2006), Swingtown (2008) and Miami Medical (2010). She also played the role of 'Sarah Gavin' on the season four of Fox series 24 in 2005. In 2011, Parrilla began starring as The 'Evil Queen'/'Regina Mills' in the ABC fantasy drama series, Once Upon a Time.
References
1977 births
Living people
Actors from Brooklyn
American movie actors
American television actors
Grundig

Grundig (; ) was a consumer electronics manufacturer owned by Arcelik A.S.. In 2007, Koc Holding bought Grundig. The brand is now under its home appliances subsidiary Arcelik A.S. Koc has more than 80,000 employees. Grundig has factories in several European cities that produces products to more than 65 countries around the world.
References
1945 establishments in Germany
Technology companies of Germany
Helen Keller

Helen Adams Keller was an American writer and speaker. She was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama in 1880 to Arthur H. Keller and Kate Adams Keller. When she was nineteen months old she became sick and lost her eyesight and hearing. The doctor didn't know what it was, so he called it a "congestion of the stomach and brain." Some people say that it was scarlet fever or meningitis. Communicating with other people was hard for Helen, because she could not see or hear. She made up some home signs that she used to communicate with her family. The home signs were quite simple, pull meant "come", push meant "go" and so on. Sometimes Helen's family did not understand what Helen was meaning with her home signs. That made Helen frustrated and she had temper tantrums.
When Helen was seven years old, her family decided to find a teacher for her. They wrote to Michael Anagnos, who was the director of the Perkins Institute and Asylum for the Blind. They asked him to help them find a teacher for their daughter. He wrote to them and told them that he knew a young teacher and her name was Annie Sullivan. She had been blind, but a series of operations helped to restore her eyesight. Annie traveled to Alabama to live with Helen's family and to teach her. Annie went to live with the Keller family in March, 1887.
Annie helped Helen to learn how to communicate with other people. She taught her the names of things by writing the words on Helen's hand. At first Helen didn't understand the meaning of the words. The first word Helen understood was "water". She learned this word when Annie put Helen's hand under some water and wrote W,A,T,E,R on her hand. Then she learnt the words and sentences with this method. In 1890, Helen's family sent her to the Perkins Institute to learn how to speak and communicate. When she was nineteen years old, Helen went to Radcliffe College in Massachusetts. She graduated from Radcliffe in 1904. She was the first deaf and blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.
In 1903, Helen wrote a book about her life. It was called The Story of My Life. The movie The Miracle Worker, made in 1962, was based on Helen's book. She also wrote a book about Annie Sullivan called Teacher. She wrote twelve other books.
Helen tried to help poor people and other blind people during her life. She traveled to over 39 countries with Annie to talk about her life and experiences. When Helen was in Japan, she met Hachiko, a famous Akita. She decided to adopt an Akita, and was the first person to bring an Akita to America.
Helen Keller wanted to get married. She fell in love with her secretary, but her mother didn't allow Helen to marry him. At that time, disabled people often could not marry. Helen Keller died in her sleep on June 1, 1968, at Arcan Ridge in Connecticut.
References
1880 births
1968 deaths
Blind people
Industrial Workers of the World
Nonviolence advocates
People from Tuscumbia, Alabama
Writers from Alabama
Deaf people
The Save-Ums!

The Save-Ums is a Canadian CGI children's Educational animated television series. Produced By Decode Entertainment and CORE Toons and Produced In Association With CBC Television Discovery Kids and The Dan and Clark Company.
Canadian television series
Photorespiration

Photorespiration, or "'photo-respiration'", is a process in plant metabolism. A sugar has oxygen added to it by the enzyme (RuBisCO), instead of carbon dioxide during normal photosynthesis. This process reduces efficiency of photosynthesis.
Photorespiration can occur when carbon dioxide levels are low, for example, when the stomata are closed to prevent water loss during drought. In most plants, photorespiration increases as temperature increases. Photorespiration produces no ATP and leads to a net loss of carbon and nitrogen (as ammonia), slowing plant growth.
Plant physiology
Walter Scheel

Walter Scheel (8 July 1919 - 24 August 2016) was a German politician (FDP).
Biography
Scheel was born in Solingen.
During World War II, he became a member of the Nazi Party and served in the Luftwaffe, the last years of the war as a Radar operator on a Me 110 night fighter.
He was federal minister of economic cooperation and development (1961-1966), but he persuaded the FDP to leave Ludwig Erhard's coalition government in late 1966. This forced elections in Germany, and Kurt Georg Kiesinger became chancellor.
In 1969 his party formed a new coalition with the Social Democrats. He became Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor. With Willy Brandt his foreign policy meant the Federal Republic of Germany promised not to try and get back the parts of Germany given to Poland and the USSR. The treaty with Poland actually defined the western border of Poland, not the border between Poland and Germany. It is the same thing, but meant Poland could sign a treaty with West Germany that described the border of East Germany.
When Brandt resigned on 7 May 1974, Scheel, was acting chancellor, for about a week, until Helmut Schmidt was elected Chancellor.
A few weeks later, Scheel was elected Federal President of West Germany, a post he held from July 1974 until June 1979.
Like most ex German presidents, Scheel retired from political life term ended. He sometimes appeared on political talk shows or events. At the funeral of the murdered businessman Hanns Martin Schleyer in October 1977, Scheel gave a speech entitled shame.
Death
Scheel died on 24 August 2016 following a long illness. Having lived to he holds the record as the longest-lived German head of state, either imperial or elected.
References
1919 births
2016 deaths
Chancellors of Germany
Members of the German Bundestag
German military personnel of World War II
Government ministers of Germany
Nazis
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People from Solingen
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians of the Free Democratic Party of Germany
Presidents of Germany
Vice Chancellors of Germany
Ronco Biellese

Ronco Biellese is a comune in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Rocourt-Saint-Martin

Rocourt-Saint-Martin is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Behaviour therapy

Behaviour therapy is used for a number of methods of psychotherapy. Ivan Pavlov found that it is possible to "learn" how to react to a stimulus. His method is known as classical conditioning today. Behaviour therapy tries to use this knowledge to change the behaviour of people. In that way, people "learn" how to cope with their fears, for example. In a similar manner, people can be helped to cope with a number of mental disorders. One well known kind of behaviour therapy is exposure therapy: People with fears are "exposed" to them, and learn how to cope. As an example, someone who is afraid of spiders will be exposed to spiders.
Therapy
Dera Ismail Khan District

Dera Ismail Khan District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Dera Ismail Khan is the capital. It is the most southern district of KPK and has an area of and a population of 852,995 as of the 1998 Census. The main language of the district is a dialect of Saraiki.
Tehsils
Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil
Kulachi Tehsil
Paharpur Tehsil
Districts of British India
Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 crime drama movie written, co-produced, and directed by Martin McDonagh. The movie stars Frances McDormand, who plays a woman from Missouri who rents three billboards that bring attention to her daughter's rape and murder. Woody Harrelson, Sam Rockwell, Abbie Cornish, Lucas Hedges, John Hawkes, and Peter Dinklage are in the movie as supporting actors. It was released in the United States in November 2017 and in the United Kingdom in January 2018 by Fox Searchlight Pictures. It earned $160 million worldwide.
Cast
Frances McDormand as Mildred Hayes
Woody Harrelson as Bill Willoughby
Sam Rockwell as Jason Dixon
Abbie Cornish as Anne Willoughby
Lucas Hedges as Robbie Hayes
Zeljko Ivanek as Cedric Connolly
Caleb Landry Jones as Red Welby
Clarke Peters as Abercrombie
John Hawkes as Charlie Hayes
Samara Weaving as Penelope
Peter Dinklage as James
Kerry Condon as Pamela
Darrell Britt-Gibson as Jerome
Kathryn Newton as Angela Hayes
Brendan Sexton III as Crop-Haired Guy
References
2017 crime drama movies
2010s American crime drama movies
British crime drama movies
Movies set in the United States
Academy Award winning movies
Movies set in Missouri
Movies directed by Martin McDonagh
For Your Eyes Only (movie)

For Your Eyes Only is a 1981 British spy action movie. It was directed by John Glen. It is the 12th movie in the James Bond franchise. It was based on the short story by Ian Fleming.
The movie stars Roger Moore, Topol, Lynn-Holly Johnson, Julian Glover, Michael Gothard, Cassandra Harris, John Wyman, Desmond Llewelyn, Lois Maxwell, Charles Dance, Geoffrey Keen, and Jack Hedley. It was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1982. Sheena Easton sings the title song of the movie. The movie is rated PG because of some fighting scenes. There is a swimming pool scene where women are seen in bikinis showing off .
Other websites
1980s spy movies
1981 action movies
James Bond movies
Movies with underwater settings
Movies set in Greece
Movies set in Italy
Movies set in Spain
Cold War movies
Roger Moore
Movies directed by John Glen
Spindle

Spindle could mean:
Spindle (textiles), a device to spin fibres into thread. It is the root from which other usages derive
A spindle is a measure of spun cotton equal to 18 hanks
Spindle, a poisonous shrub or small tree of the genus Euonymus
Spindle (stationery), a device for holding paper documents
A spindle, also called cakebox, is the plastic container in which bulk blank CDs and DVDs are often sold
A spindle is the axis on which the platters of a computer hard disk spin. Database performance can be improved by spindling, the action of mounting data files and index files on different hard disks so that contention for read or write resources is diminished
A spindle is a woodworking machine rotating on a vertical axis in which shaped cutters are mounted for cutting mouldings, rebates and similar features in wood. It does (usually on a bigger scale) many of the non-routing jobs done by a modern portable (spindle) router. See also router.
A spindle is part of an automobile suspension system. It carries the hub for the wheel. It attaches to the upper and lower control arms
A spindle is part of a bicycle pedal. It carries the pedal body and threads into the crank arm.
Mitotic spindle, a cellular structure organizing and separating the chromosomes during mitosis
A muscle spindle is a specialized innervated muscle structure involved in the reflex action and in proprioception
Majorana fermion

A Majorana fermion(), also referred to as a Majorana particle, is a fermion that has the same properties as its antiparticle. Ettore Majorana, an Italian physicist, thought they would exist, in 1937. Majorana disappeared in 1938, and the particles are named after him. As Majorana fermionns are thought to have the same properties as their antiparticles, they cannot have an electric charge. Today, atomic particles with an electric charge are called Dirac fermions. An example for Dirac fermions are electrons, and positrons; they have the same properties, but their electric charge is different.
Neutrinos do not have an electric charge, and might be Majorana fermions, but their status is unclear
Theory
The concept goes back to Majorana's suggestion of 1937. Majorana suggested that neutral spin- particles can be described by a real wave equation (the Majorana equation). The wave functions of particle and antiparticle are related by complex conjugation. For this reason, they would be identical to their antiparticle.
The difference between Majorana fermions and Dirac fermions can be expressed mathematically in terms of the creation and annihilation operators of second quantization: The creation operator creates a fermion in quantum state (described by a real wave function), whereas the annihilation operator annihilates it (or, equivalently, creates the corresponding antiparticle). For a Dirac fermion the operators and are distinct, whereas for a Majorana fermion they are identical. The ordinary fermionic annihilation and creation operators and can be written in terms of two Majorana operators and by
In supersymmetry models, neutralinos--superpartners of gauge bosons and Higgs bosons--are Majorana.
Standard model of particle physics
The standard model of physics has no Majorana fermions, all particles are Dirac fermions. There are neutrinos, and anti-neutrinos. In the standard model, neutrinos have no mass, though. The question how to differentiate between neutrinos and anti-neutrinos is not settled yet.
Extensions to the standard model
There are different extensions of the standard model. One of them is called Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. It allows for supersymmetry, and can transform one kind of particle, the bosons, into the other, the fermions. In condensed matter physics, bound Majorana fermions can appear as quasiparticle excitations--the collective movement of several individual particles, not a single one, and they are governed by non-abelian statistics.
References
Physics