pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Francis Jackson

John Francis Jackson, DFC (23 February 1908 - 28 April 1942) was an Australian fighter ace and squadron commander of World War II. He had eight aerial victories, and led No. 75 Squadron during the Battle of Port Moresby in 1942. Born in Brisbane, he was a grazier and businessman. He had his own private plane when he joined the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Reserve in 1936. In 1939, at the start of the war, he was called up for active service. Jackson served with No. 23 Squadron in Australia before he was posted to the Middle East in November 1940. As a fighter pilot with No. 3 Squadron he flew Gloster Gladiators, Hawker Hurricanes and P-40 Tomahawks during the North African and Syria-Lebanon campaigns.
Jackson was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Mentioned in Despatches for his actions in the Middle East. In March 1942, while serving in the South West Pacific theatre, he was promoted to squadron leader. He was in command of No. 75 Squadron at Port Moresby in Papua, operating P-40 Kittyhawks. Described as "rugged, simple" and "true as steel", Jackson, aged 34, was nicknamed "Old John" by his much younger squadron members. He was praised for his leadership during the defence of Port Moresby. He was killed in action on 28 April 1942. His younger brother Les took over No. 75 Squadron, and also became a fighter ace. Jacksons International Airport, Port Moresby, is named in John Jackson's honour.
References
1908 births
1942 deaths
People from Brisbane
Australian military people
World War II people
County Laois

County Laois () is a county of Ireland. County Laois is in the province of Leinster. County Laois takes its name from the medieval kingdom of Loigis. The population of County Laois is 80,559 as of 2011.
References
Laois
Phalempin

Phalempin is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 4,820 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Rochester Lancers

Rochester Lancers was a soccer club. It was based in Rochester, New York, United States.
League position
Rochester, New York
1967 establishments in New York (state)
1980 disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in New York (state)
Defunct American soccer teams
Maya Belenkaya

Maya Petrovna Belenkaya (; born 1 May 1931) is a former Soviet figure skater. With her partner Igor Moskvin, she became a three-time Soviet national champion from 1952 to 1954. In 1956, Belenkaya/Moskvin were sent to their first and only European Championships and finished 11th at the event in Paris. She was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
References
1931 births
Living people
Soviet figure skaters
Sportspeople from Saint Petersburg
Love Hard (movie)

Love Hard is a 2021 American romantic comedy movie directed by Hernan Jimenez. It stars Nina Dobrev, Jimmy O. Yang, Darren Barnet, Matty Finochio, James Saito and Harry Shum Jr..
It is about a young woman who travels to her online crush's hometown in Lake Placid, New York for Christmas, but discovers she's been lied to about her crush's identity.
References
2021 comedy movies
2021 romance movies
2020s romantic comedy movies
Netflix movies
American romantic comedy movies
Christmas movies
Hélène Brasseur

Helene Brasseur (born 4 January 2002) is a Belgian field hockey defender. She plays with La Gantoise HC and the Belgium women's national field hockey team.
Career
Club Hockey
Brasseur plays since 2017 with La Gantoise HC and became national champion with the team in 2021 and 2022.
Senior National Team
Brasseur made her internatioal debut in 2020. She was selected in the Belgian squad for the 2022 Women's FIH Hockey World Cup, held in July 2022.
References
2002 births
Living people
Belgian field hockey players
Sportswomen
Flag of Connecticut

The flag of the state of Connecticut is a white baroque shield with three grapevines. Each vine has three bunches of purple grapes. The background of the flag is azure blue.
Connecticut
Connecticut
Claribel Alegría

Clara Isabel Alegria Vides (May 12, 1924 - January 25, 2018) was a Nicaraguan poet, essayist, novelist, and journalist. She was a major voice in the literature of contemporary Central America. She wrote under the pseudonym Claribel Alegria. She was awarded the 2006 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. Her first book, Anillo de Silencio (Ring of Silence) was published in 1948. She retired in 2003.
Alegria later lived in Managua, Nicaragua. She died on 25 January 2018, aged 93.
References
1924 births
2018 deaths
Journalists
Nicaraguan writers
Novelists from South America
Poets
Kansas City (1996 movie)

Kansas City is a 1996 French American crime drama movie directed by Robert Altman and starring Jennifer Jason Leigh, Miranda Richardson, Harry Belafonte, Michael Murphy, Steve Buscemi, Dermot Mulroney. It was distributed by Fine Line Features.
Other websites
1996 crime drama movies
French crime movies
American crime drama movies
Movies directed by Robert Altman
Nemegtosaurus

Nemegtosaurus is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur found in Mongolia. A possible synonym of Nemegtosaurus is Opisthocoelicaudia. It was named after the place it was discovered, the Nemegt Basin.
References
Titanosaurs
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Hurdy gurdy

A hurdy gurdy is a stringed musical instrument played by a rosin-covered wheel. It dates back to the Middle Ages.
The hurdy gurdy can create three types of sounds. The melody is played on melody strings by pressing keys on the side of the instrument. These press tangents against the strings. Hurdy gurdies can also have drone strings, which play one note continuously. Many hurdy gurdies also have a buzzing bridge. Turning the wheel faster causes this to make a rhythmic buzzing sound.
Bands that feature hurdy gurdies
Omnia
Valravn
Faun
Kelten Zonder Grenzen
The Mediaeval Baebes
String instruments
Inherent Vice (movie)

Inherent Vice is a 2014 American neo-noir movie based on Thomas Pynchon's 2009 novel of the same name, and written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. It follows a stoner hippie investigating the case related to his ex-girlfriend and her wealthy boyfriend. The cast includes Joaquin Phoenix, Josh Brolin, Owen Wilson, Katherine Waterston, Eric Roberts, Reese Witherspoon, Benicio del Toro, Jena Malone, Joanna Newsom, Jeannie Berlin, Maya Rudolph, Michael K. Williams and Martin Short. The movie had a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 12, 2014. It had mixed responses with critics liking Phoenix's performance and disliking the plot.
References
2014 crime movies
2014 comedy movies
2010s criminal comedy movies
American criminal comedy movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Paul Thomas Anderson
Mardan Division

Mardan Division () was an administrative division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 got rid of the third tier of government. It was made up of the present-day districts of Mardan and Swabi.
Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Gary O'Neil

Gary O'Neil (born 18 May 1983) is an English former football player and is the current manager for Premier League club Bournemouth.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="5"|Portsmouth||rowspan="4"|First Division||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2000/01||10||1||0||0||2||0||12||1
|-
|2001/02||33||1||1||0||1||0||35||1
|-
|2002/03||31||3||1||0||1||0||33||3
|-
|2003/04||Premier League||3||2||0||0||2||0||5||2
|-
|2003/04||Walsall||First Division||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
|-
|2004/05||Portsmouth||Premier League||24||2||2||0||2||0||28||2
|-
|2004/05||Cardiff City||League Championship||9||1||0||0||0||0||9||1
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Portsmouth||rowspan="3"|Premier League||36||6||2||0||1||1||39||7
|-
|2006/07||35||1||2||0||0||0||37||1
|-
|2007/08||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Middlesbrough||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||0||3||0||0||0||29||0
|-
|2008/09||29||4||4||0||2||0||35||4
|-
|2009/10||League Championship||||||||||||||||
246||21||15||0||12||1||273||22
246||21||15||0||12||1||273||22
|}
References
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from London
People from the London Borough of Bromley
Premier League players
Patty Smyth

Patty Smyth (born June 26, 1957 in New York City) is an American rock and roll singer. She first had success as lead singer of the group Scandal. Her solo hit songs include Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough.
Singers from New York City
1957 births
Living people
American composers
American pop musicians
American rock musicians
American rock singers
New wave singers
Valdney Freitas da Matta

Valdney Freitas da Matta (born 20 April 1971) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998||Kawasaki Frontale||Football League||29||33||3||2||4||1||36||36
|-
|2000||Oita Trinita||J. League 2||10||4||0||0||2||1||12||5
39||37||3||2||6||2||48||41
39||37||3||2||6||2||48||41
|}
References
1971 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Batesburg-Leesville, South Carolina

Batesburg-Leesville is a town in Lexington and Saluda counties, South Carolina, United States. The town's population was 5,362 as of the 2010 census.
References
Towns in South Carolina
Mineiro (footballer, born 1975)

Mineiro (born 2 August 1975) is a Brazilian football player. He play for Schalke.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997||Guarani||Serie A||24||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="5"|Ponte Preta||rowspan="5"|Serie A||21||2
|-
|1999||20||2
|-
|2000||24||1
|-
|2001||24||0
|-
|2002||9||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Sao Caetano||rowspan="2"|Serie A||39||0
|-
|2004||41||3
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Sao Paulo||rowspan="2"|Serie A||30||4
|-
|2006||27||3
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Hertha Berlin||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||10||1
|-
|2007/08||26||1
|-
|2008/09||Chelsea||Premier League||1||0
|-
|2009/10||Schalke||Bundesliga||||
259||15
36||2
1||0
296||17
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||17||0
|-
|2008||4||0
|-
!Total||24||0
|}
References
Other websites
1975 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Sportspeople from Porto Alegre
Castiel, Switzerland

Castiel is a former municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Castiel, Calfreisen, Langwies, Luen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.
Other websites
Official Website
Former municipalities of Graubunden
Egyptian Military Academy

The Egyptian Military Academy () is the oldest and most prominent military academy in Egypt and Africa. Traditionally, graduates of the Military Academy are commissioned as officers in the Egyptian Army. However, they may serve in other branches and commands of the Egyptian military establishment.
1811 establishments
Voiced alveolar plosive

The voiced alveolar stop is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is <> . The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is . The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "d" in dear and desk.
Features
Examples
Notes
References
Consonants
Park Je-sun

Park Je-sun (; , 7 December 1858 - 20 June 1919) was a Korean politician and diplomat during the Joseon dynasty. He was the Prime Minister of the Korean Empire between 1905 to 1907, and 1909 to 1910. He was a very important person of the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910.
Other websites
Park Je-sun
Park Je-sun
References
1858 births
1919 deaths
Korean educators
Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Colombier-le-Vieux

Colombier-le-Vieux is a commune in the Ardeche department in south France.
Communes in Ardeche
Rawson

Rawson is the capital city of the Chubut Province in Argentina. In 2010, 24,616 people lived there.
Other websites
Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Voiceless consonant

In phonetics, a voiceless consonant is a consonant that is made without any vibration of the vocal chords. Sounds like [] (such as in pet), [] (such as in fun), and [] (such as in sear) are all voiceless consonants.
Consonants
Keita Sogabe

Keita Sogabe (born 2 July 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Zweigen Kanazawa.
Club career statistics
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||Vegalta Sendai||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2010||Zweigen Kanazawa||Football League||||||||||||||||
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}
References
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Hyogo Prefecture
Omid Musawi

Omid Musawi (born 1 January 2001) is a Dutch-Afghan footballer who plays as a attacker for the Australian club Para Hills Knights SC and the Afghanistan national football team.
Biography
Born in Afghanistan, Omid fled at the age of five for the violance with his family from Afghanistan to the Netherlands. As of 2022 he lived for 16 years in the Netherlands and also among others his mother in Dordrecht and his grandfather in Apeldoorn.
Becoming a footballer he played with AGOVV, the FC Twente (under-19) team from 2021, and for the PEC Zwolle (under-21) team since 2021. Still having the Afghan roots, he was proud receiving a letter of the national coach in January 2022. He was later invited to join a training camp in Turkey. He played in unofficial matches against Kuwait and Jordan. He became known by Afghan people after an interview on national television. He made his official debut for the national team in June 2022.
References
1996 births
Afghan sportspeople
Dutch footballers
Living people
Protein Data Bank

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a collection of information about the three dimensional (3-D) structure of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Biologists and biochemists from around the world send in the data. Most data comes from X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy. Anyone can access the PDB for free online. The Worldwide Protein Data Bank, wwPDB, manages the PDB.
The PDB is useful for scientists studying structural biology and structural genomics. Many scientists have to send their information to the database. Major scientific journals and some funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health in the United States have rules telling scientists to send the data to the PDB. The PDB has the original or primary data. Hundreds of other databases reuse the data. These secondary databases organize the information in different ways. For example, both SCOP and CATH put structures into groups organized by type of structure and ideas about how they are related through evolution. Gene ontology puts the data into groups based on genes.
References
Related pages
Database of Molecular Motions
The Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) - parent site to regional hosts (below)
RCSB Protein Data Bank (USA)
PDBe (Europe)
PDBj (Japan)
BMRB, Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank (USA)
wwPDB Documentation - documentation on both the PDB and PDBML file formats
Looking at Structures - The RCSB's introduction to crystallography
PDBsum Home Page - Extracts data from other databases about PDB structures.
Nucleic Acid Database, NDB - a PDB mirror especially for searching for nucleic acids
Introductory PDB tutorial sponsored by PDB
Chemistry
Proteins
FC Dordoi Bishkek

FC Dordoi Bishkek is a football club from Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The club plays in the Kyrgyzstan League. Dordoi Bishkek is the most successful club in the league, with 9 titles.
History
The club was founded in 1997 by businessman Askar Salymbekov. The club was first named FC Dordoi Naryn. In 1998, the club was renamed to FC Dordoi-Zhashtyk-SKIF Naryn. One year later, the club was renamed FC Dordoi Naryn. The club played their first season in the Kyrgyzstan League in 1999. They finished at 5th place. In 2004, they won their first league title, and also won the Kyrgyzstan Cup. In 2006 and 2007, the club won the AFC President's Cup. On the same year, the club was renamed FC Dordoi-Dynamo Naryn. In 2010, the club was renamed to FC Dordoi Bishkek.
In 2017, Aleksandr Krestinin became the new club manager.
Honours
Kyrgyzstan League (9) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014
Kyrgyzstan Cup (7) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016
Super Cup (4) 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
AFC President's Cup (2) 2006, 2007
References
Other websites
Profile at sport.kg (1997-2001)
Profile at sport.kg (2002-2005)
FC Dordoi page at sport.kg
Official website
Kyrgyz football clubs
1990s establishments in Kyrgyzstan
Ruskin Bond

Ruskin Bond is an Indian author of British descent. He lives with his adopted family in Landour, Mussoorie, India. The Indian Council for Child Education has recognised his role in the growth of children's literature in India. He was awarded the Sahitya Academy Award in 1992 for Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra, a novel in English. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1999 and the Padma Bhushan in 2014.
Ruskin Bond Famous Quotes
References
Indian writers
1934 births
Living people
Ruskin Bond - Written works
The Best of Ruskin Bond
The Blue Umbrella
The Room on the Roof
The Eyes Have It
Angry River
Delhi Is Not Far
Rusty the Boy from the Hills
A Flight of Pigeons
Night Train at Deoli and Other Stories
Landour Days: A Writer's Journal
EARLY LIFE, CAREER AND AWARDS
Early Life. Ruskin Bond was born on May 19, 1934, in Kasauli, Punjab, India. He was born to Edith Clarke and Aubrey Bond.
Career. Ruskin Bond started his career by working in a photo studio. He worked there while he was looking for publishers for his works.
Awards and Achievements. In 1992, Ruskin Bond won the Sahitya Academy Award for his book 'Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra.' In 1999, he received the Padma Sri award.
FAMILY- he is wonderful
Osenbach

Osenbach is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Postcards from Buster

Postcards from Buster is a 2004 TV show. It first aired on October 11, 2004 on PBS. It is the spin-off of Arthur. It ended on February 20, 2012. The show is about a rabbit that is a child that likes to eat junk food, watch Bionic Bunny, and play video games.
A 2005 episode of Postcards from Buster, called "Sugartime!" was banned because it contained a gay couple said by children Buster was talking to.
Buster is voiced by Daniel Brochu.
References
2000s children's television series
2010s children's television series
Arthur (TV series)
PBS Kids shows
Television shows about rabbits and hares
2004 television series debuts
2012 television series endings
Senate (Belgium)

The Senate of Belgium is the upper house of the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, above the House of Representatives. It was established in 1831 as being equal to the House, several reforms, most notably in 1993 and 2014. While the Senate today plays only a minor role in the legislative process, it still has, along with the House, full responsibility for the upholding of the Constitution and the organisation and functioning of the Country and Federal States. Following the 2014 reform, it now holds about ten sessions per year.
References
Politics of Belgium
Belgium
Organizations based in Belgium
2006 Canadian federal election

The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally, the 39th General Election) was held on January 23, 2006, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 39th Parliament of Canada.
Results
Overall results
Vote and seat summaries
Results by province
Notes
David Emerson, elected on January 23 as a Liberal in the British Columbia riding of Vancouver Kingsway, changed parties on February 6 to join the Conservatives before the new Parliament had taken office. He is reflected here as a Liberal.
Andre Arthur was elected as an independent candidate in the Quebec riding of Portneuf--Jacques-Cartier.
References
2006 elections
Canadian federal elections
Hazrat Babajan

Hazrat Babajan (1806-1931), birthname Gool Rukh ("like a rose"), was born as a Pathan lady in a noble Muslim family of Balochistan in northern British India Empire (now Pakistan). At the age of 18 she fled her arranged marriage and sought God instead. She journeyed to the northeast, first to Peshawar and then to Rawalpindi, disguised by her Muslim veil. She lived for a year and a half in the mountainous regions of what is now Pakistan under the guidance of a Hindu sadguru, then traveled to Punjab. In Multan, at the age of 37, she received God-realization from an Islamic qutub (Muslim master), Maula Shah.
Babajan is most famously remembered as the spiritual master of Meher Baba.
1806 births
1931 deaths
Asian Sufis
Indian Muslims
Vialer

Vialer is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Vialer
Phillip Mann

Anthony Phillip Mann (August 1942 - 1 September 2022) was a British-born New Zealand science fiction writer. He taught drama studies at the Victoria University of Wellington in Wellington. He retired from the position of professor of drama at Victoria in 1998. In the 2017 New Year Honours, Mann was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to literature and drama.
Mann died in Wellington, New Zealand on 1 September 2022, at the age of 80.
References
1942 births
2022 deaths
British science fiction writers
New Zealand writers
People from Wellington
British theatre directors
New Zealand academics
Izumi Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Osaka Prefecture on the island of Honshu.
History
Izumi Province was created during the reign of Empress Gensho.
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Izumi Province were reformed in the 1870s.
Shrines and Temples
Otori Shrine was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Izumi.
Related pages
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
References
Other websites
Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Former provinces of Japan
Osaka Prefecture
Nils Gustaf Ekholm

Nils Gustaf Ekholm (9 October 1848 - 5 April 1923) was a Swedish meteorologist. He led a Swedish geophysical expedition to Spitsbergen in 1882-1883.
In 1899 Ekholm pointed out that, at present rates, coal burning might eventually double the concentration of atmospheric CO2.
Ekholm was a friend of Svante Arrhenius, who first predicted that burning coal would raise the global temperature.
References
Swedish scientists
1848 births
1923 deaths
Meteorologists
Divock Origi

Divock Okoth Origi (born 18 April 1995) is a Belgian professional footballer. He plays for AC Milan and the Belgium national team. He plays as a forward. He was born in Ostend. He is the son of former Kenyan professional footballer Mike Origi.
Origi started his career at French club Lille. In 2014, he signed for Liverpool for PS10 million. He has since spent time on loan at Lille and VfL Wolfsburg as a Liverpool player. On 2 December 2018, after coming on as a substitute, he scored his side's 96th minute 1-0 winner over Everton in the Premier League. On 7 May 2019, he scored two goals for Liverpool (including the overall tie winner) in a 4-0 win over Barcelona in the UEFA Champions League semi-final. In the final of the competition, in the 87th minute, Origi scored Liverpool's second goal in the side's 2-0 victory over Tottenham Hotspur.
Origi has played for Belgium since 2014. He has played for his country 25 times, scoring three times. He was part of the 2014 FIFA World Cup squad.
Honours
Liverpool
UEFA Champions League: 2018-19
UEFA Super Cup: 2019
FIFA Club World Cup: 2019
Football League Cup runner-up: 2015-16
UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2015-16
References
Other websites
Divock Origi at the Liverpool F.C. website
1995 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Belgian footballers
Liverpool F.C. players
People from West Flanders
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Montacher-Villegardin

Montacher-Villegardin is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Crawford County, Arkansas

Crawford County is a county found in the state of Arkansas. At the 2020 census, 60133 people lived in Crawford County.
Cities and towns
These are the cities and towns of Crawford County:
References
Other websites
Crawford County government's website
Arkansas counties
1820 establishments in Arkansas Territory
Confusion and diffusion

In cryptography, confusion and diffusion are two properties of the operation of a secure cipher.
Confusion and diffusion were identified by Claude Elwood Shannon in his paper, "Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems" published in 1949. In Shannon's original definitions:
Confusion refers to making the relationship between the key and the ciphertext as complex and as involved as possible
Diffusion refers to the property that redundancy in the statistics of the plaintext is "dissipated" in the statistics of the ciphertext.
Diffusion is associated with the dependency of the output bits on the input bits. In a cipher with good diffusion, flipping an input bit should change each output bit with a probability of one half (this is termed the Strict Avalanche Criterion).
Substitution (a rule for replacing plaintext symbols by another) has been identified as a mechanism for primarily confusion (see S-box); on the other hand transposition using P-box (rearranging or swapping the order of symbols) is a technique for diffusion, although other mechanisms are also used in modern practice, such as linear transformations (e.g. in AES). Product ciphers use alternating substitution and transposition phases (rounds) to achieve both confusion and diffusion respectively.
Related pages
Substitution-permutation network
References
Claude E. Shannon, "Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems", Bell System Technical Journal, vol.28-4, page 656-715, 1949.
Cryptography
Jeanne

The name Jeanne [ jee-nee ] is a female given name which is from French. The name is the equivalent for Joan and Jane. There are many celebrities with the name, including Jeanne Cooper, Jeanne Moreau and Jeanne Calment. Jeanne is an exquisite and ageless appellation that has maintained its popularity for centuries. Originating from France, it is a variant of the name Jane, which carries the meaning of "God is gracious" or "gift from God." The name Jeanne holds a significant legacy and has been adopted by numerous distinguished individuals over the course of history. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
Jeanne was used for three hurricanes in the Atlantic. Hurricane Jeanne in September 2004 killed over three thousand people in the Caribbean Islands and caused heavy damage in eastern Florida. The name Jeanne was then retired and replaced with Julia.
People
Jeanne Louise Calment, French supercentenarian, oldest human
Jeanne d'Albret, Queen regnant of Navarre (1528-1572)
Jeanne Moreau, French actress, singer, screenwriter and director (1928-2017)
Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes, French noble
References
Given names
Boana latistriata

Boana latistriata is a frog that lives in Brazil. Scientists have only seen it in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia.
References
Frogs of South America
StartUp-Manager

StartUp-Manager is a program to configure GRUB, Splash and Splashy.
It was originally an Ubuntu project, but was later adapted to Debian.
References
Other websites
Package details for Ubuntu 8.04
Debian
College, Alaska

College is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alaska.
Census-designated places in Alaska
Netherlands during World War II

During World War II, the Netherlands was taken by Germany by military force, and occupied it between 1940-1945. It started with the Battle of the Netherlands in 10 May 1940. On May 15, the Dutch government surrendered and the Germans took over. The Dutch government went to London. The country was liberated on 5 May 1945, when the Germans surrendered to the Canadian forces.
Related pages
Dutch resistance (people who fought against the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands)
1940s in the Netherlands
World War II
Frank Tudor

Francis Gwynne "Frank" Tudor (29 January 1866 - 10 January 1922) was an Australian politician. He served as the leader of the Australian Labor Party and the Leader of the Opposition from 1916 until his death in 1922. He was a member of the Australian Parliament for Yarra from 1901 until his death.
Tudor was born in Williamstown of Melbourne, Victoria. He was the son of Welsh parents. His first wife, Alice Smale, died in 1894. He married in Fanny Mead in 1897. He had six children, three sons and three daughters. Tudor died of heart disease at his Richmond, Victoria home, at the age of 55.
References
1866 births
1922 deaths
Australian Labor Party politicians
Deaths from heart failure
Disease-related deaths in Victoria (Australia)
Politicians from Melbourne
Effect

Effect can be:
A result or change of something
List of effects
Cause and effect, an idiom describing causality
Pharmacy and pharmacology
Drug effect, a change resulting from the administration (or use) of a drug
Therapeutic effect, when a medical condition improves, often caused by a drug
Adverse effect or side effect, an unwanted change in medical condition because of a drug
Dose-response effect, the relationship between a drug dose and its effect, plotted on a dose-response curve
In media
Special effect, an artificial illusion
Sound effect, an artificially created or enhanced sound
Visual effects, artificially created or enhanced images
Audio signal processing
Effects unit, a device used to manipulate electronic sound
Effects pedal, a small device attached to an instrument to modify its sound
Other uses
Effects, one's personal property or belongings
Effects (G.I. Joe), a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe
Effects (movie), a 2005 movie
Effect size, a measure of the strength of a relationship between two variables
Effect system, formal system which describes the computational effects of computer programs
Pro-Design Effect, an Austrian paraglider design
Marotte effect, psychological reaction to social-media influencer and religious guru Dame Alix's famed surprising actions and behaviors.
Related pages
Affect (disambiguation)
Effectiveness
Efficacy
Pragmatism, the philosophy of causes and effects
Sequence of events
Level (video games)

Level in video games is a form of structure to progression in a video game.
Video games
Ursa Major

Ursa Major is a constellation that can be seen in the northern hemisphere and part of the southern hemisphere. Its name means Great Bear in Latin. It was named that because many different groups of people around the world have thought that its stars look a lot like a bear with a long tail. It is often used as a symbol for north.
According to Greek mythology, Ursa Major was once the beautiful maiden Callisto, whom the god Zeus had an affair with. In order to protect her and their son, Arcas, from his jealous wife Hera, Zeus turned Callisto and Arcas into bears. He then picked up the bears by their short, stubby tails and threw them into the sky.
The constellation cannot be seen from the southern areas of Patagonia, South Africa, Australia, and all of New Zealand except the Northland region.
Deep-sky objects
Several bright galaxies are found in Ursa Major, including the pair Messier 81 (one of the brightest galaxies in the sky) and Messier 82 above the bear's head, and the Pinwheel galaxy (M101), a beautiful spiral galaxy northwest of the star e Ursae Majoris. Other well-known spiral galaxies are NGC 4102, NGC 4605, Messier 108 and Messier 109. The constellation has about 50 galaxies that can be seen with a small telescope. The Owl nebula, the brightest planetary nebula, can be found along the bottom of the bowl of the Big Dipper.
The Big Dipper
The seven stars in the northeast corner of Ursa Major form an called the Big Dipper (or the Plough in Great Britain). This group has been recognized by almost all groups of people who live or lived in places where it can be seen in the sky and it is one of the best-known star patterns. The Big Dipper is helpful in finding the north star because an imaginary line drawn through the two stars on the right side will point directly at the north star. These two stars are called The Pointers and they are very important on navigation by stars.
All of the stars in the Big Dipper except Dubhe and Alkaid are moving toward the same point in the sky through proper motion. This group of stars is known as the Ursa Major Moving Group.
References
Other websites
The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Ursa Major
Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Moldovan Canadians

Moldovan Canadians are Canadians of full or partial Moldovan. According to the 2011 Census, there were 8,050 Canadians who claimed Moldovan ancestry.
In 2010, the first Moldovan Orthodox church, with services in the Romanian language, has been established for the Moldovan community in Montreal, Quebec, which has over 3,500 Moldovan families.
References
Ethnic groups in Canada
Flag of Georgia (country)

The flag of Georgia (; sakartvelos sakhelmts'ipo drosha), also known as the Five Cross Flag (; khutjvriani drosha) has a white rectangle, with in its central portion a large red cross that extends to the edge of the flag. In the four corners there are four Bolnur-Katskhuri crosses of the same color.
Notes
Georgia
National symbols of Georgia (country)
Yuji Mito

Yuji Mito (born 15 April 1988) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2007||Kyoto Sanga||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||Grulla Morioka||Regional Leagues||||||||||||
|-
|2008||MIO Biwako Kusatsu||Football League||4||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2009||Grulla Morioka||Regional Leagues||8||1||0||0||8||1
12||1||0||0||12||1
12||1||0||0||12||1
|}
References
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Kyoto
Toše Proeski

Todor "Tose" Proeski (25 January 1981 - 16 October 2007) was a Macedonian multi-genre singer, songwriter and actor. He was popular across the entire Balkan area and was considered a top act of the local Macedonian music scene. He was dubbed "Elvis Presley of the Balkans" by BBC News. He died in a car crash on Zagreb-Lipovac A3 highway, near Nova Gradiska in Croatia at the age of 26.
North Macedonian musicians
1981 births
2007 deaths
Singers
Senate of Uruguay

The Chamber of Senators of Uruguay (Camara de Senadores de Uruguay), or Senate, is the upper house of the General Assembly of Uruguay (Asamblea General del Uruguay). It has 30 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation; the Vice-president presides over the chamber's sessions.
References
Organizations based in Uruguay
Rhizoprionodon

Rhizoprionodon is a genus of requiem sharks that have a long, pointed snout. An example is the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae.
References
Sharks
Dan Graham

Daniel Graham (March 31, 1942 - February 19, 2022) was an American visual artist, writer, and curator. He wrote art theory essays and reviews of rock music. He was known for his video performance art through glass and mirror installation art and closed-circuit television.
Daniel is author of films Two Correlated Rotations (1969), Roll (1970), and Body Press (1970-72).
Graham died on February 19, 2022 in New York City at the age of 79.
Graham's first solo show was held in 1969 at the John Daniels Gallery in New York.
References
1942 births
2022 deaths
American essayists
American painters
American art critics
Artists from Illinois
Writers from Urbana, Illinois
Kyle Jean-Baptiste

Kyle Jean-Baptiste (December 3, 1993 - August 28, 2015) was an American Broadway actor. He was the youngest actor ever to play the role of Jean Valjean in Les Miserables on Broadway. He was also the first African-American to play that role on Broadway.
Jean-Baptiste died at age 21, after falling off a fire escape staircase at his mother's home in New York City.
References
1993 births
2015 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Accidental deaths in New York City
Actors from New York (state)
African American actors
American stage actors
Shadow the Hedgehog (video game)

Shadow the Hedgehog is a 2005 video game. It is a 3D platform game. The game is a spin-off to the Sonic the Hedgehog games. It was released for the Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2 and Xbox. The game was developed by Sonic Team.
Gameplay
Players play the game as Shadow the Hedgehog. The actions of the player chose the overall story of the gam. If he does more good actions, he can cause Chaos Control. If he does more evil actions, he can cause Chaos Blast. Shadow can drive in vehicles and use guns he can get from enemies such as the Black Arms and G.U.N.
Plot
Shadow the Hedgehog was sent by the leader of the Black Arms, Black Doom to find the 7 Chaos Emeralds. Black Doom wants Shadow give the emeralds to him. Shadow has forgotten everythingabout himself. He decides to get the Chaos Emeralds so that he will remember who he is. The game has ten endings. In each ending, Shadow has collected the Chaos Emeralds and learns who he is. Once the ten endings are over, a secret ending can be unlocked. Shadow refuses to give the Chaos Emeralds to Black Doom. He learns that Black Doom is his father. Black Doom spreads nerve gas towards Shadow's friends and becomes Devil Doom. Shadow becomes Super Shadow and must defeat Devil Doom.
Reception
The game was not well liked by critics. Many did not like the game because of the profanity, gun violence and aliens. Some liked the fact that the game was good to play many times due to it many endings. The PlayStation 2 version is known for having more problems. This is the same problem seen with the PlayStation 2 port of Sonic Heroes.
References
2005 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
PlayStation 2 games
Sonic the Hedgehog games
Video game spin-offs
Xbox games
Markus Beyer

Markus Beyer (28 April 1971 - 3 December 2018) was a German professional boxer. He was born in Erlabrunn, East Germany. Beyer won the WBC super middleweight title.
Beyer was an amateur he represented Germany at the 1992 and 1996 Olympics in the light middleweight division. He also won a bronze medal at the 1995 World Amateur Boxing Championships and silver at the 1996 European Amateur Boxing Championships.
Beyer died on 3 December 2018 in Berlin at the age of 47.
References
1971 births
2018 deaths
German Olympians
German boxers
Aleutians East Borough, Alaska

Aleutians East Borough () is a 2nd class borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,420. The borough seat is Sand Point.
References
20th-century establishments in Alaska
1987 establishments in the United States
Alaska boroughs
Hayes & Harlington railway station

Hayes & Harlington railway station is a railway station in London.
Railway stations in London
Sines, Portugal

Sines is a city and a municipality in Portugal where Vasco de Gama was born in and also served as his hometown.
Cities in Portugal
Municipalities of Portugal
Hayasa-Azzi

Hayasa-Azzi or Azzi-Hayasa, Haisa () were a people and area, in North of the Euphrates and to the South of Hayasa. It is not known if their language was Indo-European or Hurrian because there is no records of their language.
Ancient Armenia
Tigran Sargsyan

Tigran Sargsyan (born January 29, 1960) was the Prime Minister of Armenia from 9 April 2008 to 13 April 2014.
From 1980 to 1983, Sargsyan attended Leningrad's Voznesenski Financial and Economic Institute.
On April 9, 2008 he became Prime Minister of Armenia. He was selected by President Serzh Sargsyan.
Sargsyan is married and has three children (daughter Nelly Sargsyan and two sons Armen and Abgar Sargsyans) and a grandchild. He is of no relation to the President of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan.
References
1960 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Armenia
Edinburgh Airport

Edinburgh Airport (IATA EDI, ICAO: EGPH) is an airport in Scotland. It is one of seven airports in the United Kingdom owned by the company BAA, which also owns Glasgow Airport and Aberdeen Airport in Scotland.
It is served by many different airlines including Scot Airways, British Airways, EasyJet, BMI, Continental Airlines, Air France, and Lufthansa. The airport has good road links to the city centre with a bus running every 10 minutes from the airport to the centre of Edinburgh, a number of taxis are always available. Just over 9 million people a year use the airport, but there are plans to make the airport bigger in the future.
On 19th October 2011, BAA Limited said that it is going to sell Edinburgh Airport. This was done following a decision by the UK's Competition Commission which said that BAA needs to sell either Glasgow or Edinburgh Airport.
Accidents
In February 2001 a Shorts 360 crashed shortly after taking off from Edinburgh Airport. Both pilots were killed but there were no passengers on board as it was a mail-carrying flight.
References
Other websites
Edinburgh Airport official website
Airports in Scotland
Buildings and structures in Edinburgh
Melbourne Demons

The Melbourne Football Club, nicknamed the Melbourne Demons, are a professional Australian rules football club from Melbourne, Victoria, that plays in the Australian Football League (AFL). They are the current premiers, winning the 2021 AFL Grand Final.
Related pages
Australian rules football in Victoria
Other websites
Official website
Australian rules football clubs
Cannelton, Indiana

Cannelton is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
Cities in Indiana
Linear differential equation

In mathematics, a linear differential equation is a differential equation that is stated by a linear polynomial in the unknown function and its derivatives. It is an equation of the form:
where and are random differential functions that do not need to be linear. And are the derivatives of an unknown function that follow after the variable .
This equation is an ordinary differential equation (ODE). A linear differential equation may also be a linear partial differential equation (PDE), if the unknown function depends on several variables. And the derivatives that show in the equation are partial derivatives.
Differential equations
Sasha Banks

Mercedes Justine Kaestner-Varnado (born January 26, 1992) is an American professional wrestler and actress. As of 2023, she wrestled for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) using the ring name Mercedes Mone. In February 2023, she won the IWGP Women's Championship . Varnado also wrestles for NJPW's sister promotion World Wonder Ring Stardom. She is best known for her time in WWE from 2012 to 2022. In the WWE, she performed under the ring name Sasha Banks.
Varnado began her wrestling career in 2010 on the independent circuit. She has won the Chaotic Wrestling Women's Championship. She signed with WWE in 2012. She wrestled under the ring name Sasha Banks in NXT. She is a former NXT Women's Champion. Her match against Bayley at NXT TakeOver: Respect in October 2015 was the first women's match to ever headline an NXT TakeOver. It was also the first iron woman match in WWE history and the longest women's match in WWE history at the time. The match lasted 30 minutes. Their match was voted by Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) as Match of the Year. Varnado was voted as Woman of the Year.
In 2015, Varnado was promoted to WWE's main roster. On the main roster, she won the Raw Women's Championship five times. In 2016, she and Charlotte Flair became the first women to headline a WWE pay-per-view event. They are the first women to wrestle in a Hell in a Cell match. It was also the first time that the PWI award for Feud of the Year was won by women. In 2019, she won the first WWE Women's Tag Team Championship with tag team partner, Bayley. In 2020, she won the SmackDown Women's Championship. This made her the third-ever WWE Women's Grand Slam Champion and the fourth WWE Women's Triple Crown Champion. That year, she was named Wrestler of the Year by Sports Illustrated. At WrestleMania 37, Varnado and Bianca Belair became the first black women to headline at WrestleMania. She was the third most tweeted about female athlete in 2021. In 2022, Varnado walked out of WWE. She then made her debut for NJPW/Stardom at Wrestle Kingdom 17 in January 2023 under the ring name Mercedes Mone.
Outside of wrestling, Varnado began an acting career in 2020. Her first role was the character Koska Reeves in the second season of the Disney+ series The Mandalorian.
Reference
1992 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
Actors from Massachusetts
Wyandotte Constitution

The Wyandotte Constitution is the constitution of the U.S state of Kansas. The constitution said that Kansas would be a state without slavery. However, the constitution did not give black people, women or Native Americans the right to vote. The Wyandotte Constitution was passed by a vote of 10,421 to 5,530 on October 4, 1859.
References
1859 in the United States
History of Kansas
State constitutions of the United States
1850s in Kansas
Rebus

A rebus is a picture, letter, number, or symbol that is used to represent a different word that has a similar pronunciation. In English, if a person was writing the sentence "I see you tonight" in a text message, the person might write " L C U 2nite", in which the symbol "", which is a picture of an eye, represents the word "I" because it sounds the same, "L" stands for the contracted "will" as in "I'll", the letter "C" represents the word "see", the letter "U" represents the word "you", the number "2" represents the word "to", and the word "nite" is represents the word "night".
Word games
Kill.switch

kill.switch is a shooting video game for many platforms. It was released on Oct 28, 2003. Created by Namco. It is rated T for Teenager.
References
Other websites
kill.switch review on GameSpot
Shooter video games
2003 video games
Namco video games
Game Boy Advance games
PlayStation 2 games
Video games developed in Japan
Windows games
Xbox games
William Buckland

William Buckland DD FRS (12 March 1784 - 14 August 1856) was an English theologian who became Dean of Westminster. He was also a geologist and palaeontologist.
Buckland wrote the first full account of a fossil dinosaur, which he named Megalosaurus. He proved that Kirkdale Cave in Yorkshire had been a prehistoric hyena den, for which he was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society. He was praised as an example of how scientific analysis could reconstruct events from the distant past. He was a pioneer in the use of fossilized faeces (he coined the term coprolites) to reconstruct ancient ecosystems.
In 1818, Buckland was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He became Reader in Geology at Oxford University in 1819. His work Reliquiae Diluvianae was published in 1823 and became a best seller.
However, over the next decade Buckland changed his mind. In his famous Bridgewater Treatise, Geology and mineralogy considered with reference to natural theology, he said that the biblical account of Noah's flood could not be confirmed using geological evidence. What had been taken as evidence of the 'Universal Deluge' two decades before was, he thought, evidence of a major glaciation.
Not only was Buckland's home filled with specimens - animal as well as mineral, live as well as dead - but he claimed to have eaten much of the animal kingdom, a practice known as zoophagy. In 1848 a piece of Louis XIV's mummified heart, taken from his tomb, was kept in a silver locket by the Archbishop of York. It was shown to Buckland, who ate it!
References
1784 births
1856 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Creationists
English Anglicans
English geologists
English theologians
Deaths from tuberculosis
Fellows of the Royal Society
Infectious disease deaths in England
People from Devon
Rigny-le-Ferron

Rigny-le-Ferron is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Communes in Aube
Certines

Certines is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Communes in Ain
Regnat populus

Regnat populus is the national motto of Arkansas. It means "the people rule". It is featured on the state's seal.
References
Arkansas
Latin state mottos of the United States
Onfido

Onfido is a technology company that helps businesses check people's identities using a photo-based identity document, a selfie and artificial intelligence algorithms. It started in July 2012. Onfido is based in London. More than 650 people work for the company all round the world. It is especially helpful for people who have migrated and have to prove who they are.
By April 2016 it had done almost ten million identity and background checks. In 2019 the company had 1,500 customers.
References
Software companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in London