pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Orthodox Judaism

Orthodox Judaism is the more traditional form of nowadays Judaism. It holds that both the scripture of the Torah and mouth-to-mouth traditions later written down in the Talmud etc., were actually and literally given by God, and that past rabbis handed them over without change and were always faithful in deciding how they applied to reality. Because of this, Orthodox Judaism is very careful in holding to the tradition of past rabbis, and is very conservative on how current rabbis may decide what the law is in new cases. Orthodox Jews consider themselves as the only truly faithful Jews and reject all the new non-Orthodox forms of Jewish thought, religious or secular, that came to be in the last 250 years (since the Jewish community lost its powers to enforce people, and Jews began to be citizens of the modern state). Even so, they are a product of new times just like everyone else: Their community organizations were created so they could separate from other Jews because those stopped being religious. The Orthodox also had to make very new ways of thinking and acting to deal with the big changes.
As of 2001, Orthodox Jews and Jews affiliated with an Orthodox synagogue, accounted for approximately 50% of British Jews (150,000), 25% of Israeli Jews (1,500,000) and 13% of American Jews (529,000). (Among those affiliated to a synagogue body, Orthodox Jews represent 70% of British Jewry and 27% of American Jewry).
Its followers must usually promise the following:
Not to commit murder, idolatry (worship of idols)
Not to engage in certain sexual practices prohibited by the bible
Observe the shabbat. Jews must not work on a shabbat.
Eat only certain things. These dietary laws are known as Kashrut.
Taharat Hamishpacha, the laws of family purity, restricting sexual relations for a prescribed time around menstruation and after childbirth.
Circumcision for males.
References
Other websites
Your Complete Guide to Brochos
Origins of Orthodox Judaism
The different Orthodox Jewish groups
The State of Orthodox Judaism Today
Orthodox Judaism in Israel
Orthodox Jewish population growth and political changes
Information on Orthodox Jewish culture
Jewish denominations
Taran Killam

Taran Killam (born April 1, 1982) is an American actor, comedian and singer. He is a cast member on Saturday Night Live and one of the leading males on the show and plays a variety of characters and does a variety of impressions.
References
Other websites
Actors from Culver City, California
Comedians from Los Angeles County, California
1982 births
Living people
Pamphlet

A pamphlet is a small book without a hard cover or binding. It can be made up of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths (called a leaflet).
It can also be made up of a few pages that are folded in half and stapled at the crease to make a simple book. In order to count as a pamphlet, UNESCO requires the pamphlet to have 'at least 5 but not more than 48 pages' not including the cover page; a longer item is a book.
Pamphlets can contain anything, such as user instructions information for kitchen appliances, or religious and political ideas. Pamphlets have been important in history, publishing a lot of pamphlets can help spread ideas, for instance during revolutions pamphlets were used to influence people. Pamphlets are also important in advertising as they are cheap to produce and can be distributed easily to customers.
References
Vachellia horrida

Vachellia horrida is a low spreading shrub or sometimes tree native to both the wet and dry scrublands of tropical to subtropical Southeast Asia.
References
Plants of Asia
Mimosoideae
River Tame, Greater Manchester

The River Tame flows through Greater Manchester. It starts on Denshaw Moor in Saddleworth at the reservoir and flows to Stockport where it joins the River Goyt to form the River Mersey. It goes south through Delph, Uppermill, Mossley, Stalybridge, Ashton-under-Lyne, Dukinfield, Haughton Green, Denton and Hyde, and gives its name to the borough of Tameside.
It was very polluted. Up to two-thirds of the river's flow when it met the Goyt had passed through a sewage works. Since 1970 there have been efforts to clean it, but In 2018 a study found that the river contained the greatest amount of microplastic contamination of any river yet surveyed.
References
Rivers of England
Tameside
Steve Adler (politician)

Stephen Ira Adler (born March 23, 1956) is an American lawyer and Democratic politician. He has been the Mayor of Austin, Texas, since January 6, 2015.
Adler won reelection in 2018, getting 59% of the vote in a 7-way race.
References
1956 births
Living people
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
Mayors of Austin, Texas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Pando Department

Pando is a department in Bolivia. The capital city is Cobija.
Provinces of Pando
Abuna
Federico Roman
Madre de Dios
Manuripi
Nicolas Suarez
Places of interest
Manuripi-Heath Amazonian Wildlife National Reserve
International Recreational Fishing Championship of Puerto Rico, Pando, Bolivia
Porvenir (Pando)
References
Departments of Bolivia
1938 establishments
Auty

Auty is a commune of the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Midi-Pyrenees region. It can be found in the southern part of France.
Communes in Tarn-et-Garonne
Knetzgau

Knetzgau is a municipality in Hassberge in Bavaria in Germany. It consists of eight villages: Oberschwappach, Unterschwappach, Westheim, Hainert, Eschenau, Neuhaus, Zell am Ebersberg, Wohnau and Zeil.
References
Hassberge (district)
Glandular fever

Glandular fever is a viral infection caused by the EpsteinBarr virus. Glandular fever is often spread through oral acts such as kissing which is why it is sometimes called "the kissing disease". However, glandular fever can also be spread by airborne saliva droplets.
Symptoms
Symptoms of glandular fever include:
Fever
Sore throat
Fatigue
Headache
Muscle pain
Sores in the mouth
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for the Epstein-Barr virus. Paracetamol and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) can be used to ease the flu like symptoms. Other than that, very little can be done to treat Glandular Fever. The symptoms usually pass over the space of about two to four weeks without any complications.
Diagnosis
In diagnosing glandular fever, your GP will ask you about your symptoms before carrying out a physical examination. They will look for the characteristic signs of glandular fever, such as swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, liver and spleen.
Occasionally if the physical examination does not clearly show evidence of glandular fever, blood tests can sometimes be done in order to get a diagnosis.
Two types of blood tests can usually help to diagnose glandular fever. These are:
an antibody test - the Epstein-Barr virus causes your immune system to release certain antibodies that can be detected through testing
white blood cell test - a high number of white blood cells usually indicate the presence of an infection
Diseases caused by viruses
Olaus Petri Church

Olaus Petri Church () is a church building in the town of Orebro in Sweden. It belongs to the Orebro Olaus Petri Parish of the Church of Sweden. It was opened on Fourth Advent Sunday 1912.
References
Other websites
Church of Sweden churches
Orebro
Memo Morales

Guillermo Enrique Morales Portillo, better known as Memo Morales (6 April 1937 - 1 January 2017) was a Venezuelan singer also known as El Gitano Maracucho. He was the voice main of important orchestras of the country.
In 1981, he founded, with Luisin Landaez, La Nuestra, and in 1984, with Cheo Garcia, created La Gran Orquesta de Cheo y Memo. They performed together until Garcia's death in 1994.
Morales died on 1 January 2017 in Caracas, Venezuela from a heart attack, aged 79.
References
1937 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Venezuelan singers
Weekends (Black Eyed Peas song)

"Weekends" is a 2000 song by hip hop band Black Eyed Peas and is the second single from their second studio album Bridging the Gap. It went to number 93 in Australia, number 100 in Germany and number 34 on the Billboard Hot Rap Songs charts. The intro samples the 1971 song Family Affair by Sly and the Family Stone.
Track listings and formats
Australian maxi CD single
"Weekends" - 4:47
"Empire Strikes Black" - 3:53
"Magic" - 3:58
"Joints & Jam" (The Billion Mix) - 3:23
"Weekends" (live) - 5:43
"BEP Empire" (music video)
European maxi CD single
"Weekends" - 4:47
"Empire Strikes Black" - 3:53
"Magic" - 3:58
"BEP Empire" (music video)
References
2000 songs
Black Eyed Peas songs
Esthero songs
Hip hop songs
Funk songs
Sanssat

Sanssat is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Philippine Leroy-Beaulieu

Philippine Leroy-Beaulieu (born 25 April 1963) is a French actress. Her father is actor Philippe Leroy.
In 1985, she played her first major screen role (and earned a nomination for the Cesar Award for Most Promising Actress), playing the mother in Trois hommes et un couffin (Three Men and a Cradle).
She starred in the title role of the French movie Natalia, which was screened at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival.
References
1963 births
Living people
French movie actors
French stage actors
French television actors
Actors from Rome
Bolhrad

Bolhrad (; Bulgarian and ; ) is a small city in Odesa Oblast (province) of south-western Ukraine. It is the capital city of Bolhrad Raion (district).
Cities in Odesa Oblast
Union City, Georgia

Union City is a city in Fulton County, Georgia, United States.
Fulton County, Georgia
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Charles Wright (poet)

Charles Wright (born August 25, 1935) is an American poet. He was awarded the National Book Award (1983) for Country Music: Selected Early Poems and the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (1998) for Black Zodiac.
References
American poets
Writers from Tennessee
1935 births
Living people
Jamaica, Queens

Jamaica is a neighborhood in the borough of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. It is the location of the county seat of Queens. Also located there is Jamaica Station. With over 200,000 daily passengers, the station is a rail hub for New York City Subway, the Long Island Rail Road, and the Airtrain to JFK airport.
Queens (New York City)
Neighborhoods of New York City
Kitty Wells

Ellen Muriel Deason, known by professional name Kitty Wells (August 30, 1919 - July 16, 2012), was an American country singer from Nashville who went under the nickname The Queen of Country Music. She had many country singles that hit number 1 on charts. One of them is from 1952, called "It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels". Wells' death in 2012 was due to complications of a stroke.
20th-century American singers
20th-century American guitarists
American country singers
Country musicians from Tennessee
Singers from Tennessee
1919 births
2012 deaths
Allahabad division

Allahabad () is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Districts
Allahabad district
Kaushambi district
Fatehpur district
Pratapgarh district
Divisions of Uttar Pradesh
Cymose

Cymose inflorescence (cyme) is a type of flowering shoot. The first inflorescence develops from the growing region at the top of the flower stalk. The younger shoots flower on the sides.
Plant anatomy
Crystal Castles (album)

Crystal Castles is the first studio album by Toronto-based duo Crystal Castles. The album was selected for the NME magazine's list of the 50 greatest albums of the decade, and gained #39.
Track listing
Personnel
Alice Glass (Vocals/Lyrics)
Ethan Kath (Music/Samples/Production)
Matthew von Wagner (Vocal Production for 3 tracks: "Alice Practice", "Love and Caring", "Xxzxcuzx Me")
2008 albums
Calderara di Reno

Calderara di Reno is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy. It is about northwest of Bologna.
References
Settlements in Emilia-Romagna
Tenstrike, Minnesota

Tenstrike is a city in Beltrami County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Adrian Ilie

Adrian Ilie (born 24 April 1974) is a former Romanian football player. He has played for Romania national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Electroputere Craiova||rowspan="2"|Divizia A||1||0
|-
|1992/93||30||12
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="4"|Steaua Bucuresti||rowspan="4"|Divizia A||23||3
|-
|1994/95||28||11
|-
|1995/96||24||12
|-
|1996/97||10||1
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Galatasaray||rowspan="2"|First League||18||6
|-
|1997/98||12||6
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="5"|Valencia||rowspan="5"|La Liga||17||12
|-
|1998/99||24||11
|-
|1999/00||22||5
|-
|2000/01||10||0
|-
|2001/02||10||2
|-
|2002/03||Deportivo Alaves||La Liga||22||6
|-
|2003/04||Besiktas||Super Lig||13||6
|-
|2004/05||Zurich||Super League||23||7
116||39
43||18
105||36
23||7
287||100
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||9||1
|-
|1997||6||1
|-
|1998||11||4
|-
|1999||6||2
|-
|2000||5||1
|-
|2001||9||2
|-
|2002||4||0
|-
|2003||2||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||2||0
|-
!Total||55||11
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Romanian footballers
Lamaronde

Lamaronde is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 64 people lived there.
Communes in Somme
Malcolm X (1992 movie)

Malcolm X is a 1992 American biographical movie directed by Spike Lee. Its stars Denzel Washington as Malcolm X. It also stars Angela Bassett, Albert Hall, Al Freeman, Jr., and Delroy. Al Sharpton and Nelson Mandela also appear in this movie.
It received positive reviews. It was released on November 18, 1992. In 2010, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
1992 drama movies
1990s biographical movies
1990s epic movies
American biographical movies
1990s American drama movies
Japanese biographical movies
Japanese drama movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies set in Massachusetts
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in Egypt
Political movies
Movies about racism
Movies set in Chicago
Movies set in Michigan
Movies directed by Spike Lee
Union Douala

Union Sportive Douala is a football club which plays in Cameroon.
References
Cameroonian football clubs
Rampur State

Rampur State was a 15 gun-salute Princely state of British India. It is now a state of India. Rapur came into existence on 7 October 1774. It was created by a treaty with Oudh, The state gained independence in 1949. It was the first Princely state to accede in India.
References
Indian princely states
1774 establishments
18th-century establishments in India
1770s establishments in Asia
1947 disestablishments in India
SantaCon

SantaCon is a convention made to commemorate Santa Claus and Christmas. Starting in 2005 there has been many conventions.
Christmas
Ekhlasuddin Ahmed

Ekhlasuddin Ahmed (also Ekhlas Uddin Ahmed; 15 December 1940 - 24 December 2014) was a Bangladeshi writer of Children's literature.
Early life
Ahmed was born in 1940 in the 24 Parganas district of West Bengal province. Ahmed was also a journalist and was associated with the Daily Janakantha. Among the awards he received is the "Kabir Chowdhury Children's Literary Award" of the Bangla Academy (2004).
Death
Ekhlasuddin died at Square Hospital in Dhaka 24 December 2014 at age 74.
Awards and honours
1971: Bangla Academy Award
2000: Ekushey Padak
Reference
1940 births
2014 deaths
Bangladeshi journalists
Children's writers
Bangla Academy Literary Award winners
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak
Bangladeshi Muslims
The Wrestlers

The Wrestlers is an oil painting by Thomas Eakins. It dates to 1899. It measures 48 3/8" x 60" in.
Paintings by Thomas Eakins
American paintings
1890s paintings
Leon Wyczółkowski

Leon Jan Wyczolkowski (24 April 1852 - 27 December 1936) was a Polish artist of the Young Poland period.
Leon Wyczolkowski was a versatile artist, he created works using many technics - painting and graphic.
Biography
He was born in Huta Miastkowska near the Garwolin. In autumn 1875 he left to the Munich, where he start learning in the atelier of the Hungarian painter - Alexander von Wagner. In 1877 he started learning in the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow as a student of Jan Matejko. In 1880 he come back to Warsaw, when he earned his living mainly by painting portraits. In 1880 he moved to Ukraine where he spend more then 10 years of his life. In this Ukrainian period he painted his most famous pictures presenting rural life. In October 1895 he got a job as a lecturer in the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow.
In 1922 he handed over a collection of asian art to the National Museum in Poznan. For the donation, the painter received the manor house in Goscieradz near Bydgoszcz. He moved to the Goscieradz, where he created atelier. He died from pneumonia in 1936 in Warsaw. Gathering crowds funeral took place in Bydgoszcz. He was buried in the cemetery in Wtelno.
In 1937 Franciszka Wyczolkowska - wife of painter handed over to the city of Bydgoszcz 425 pictures and graphics, sketchbooks, personal things and atelier equipment of Leon Wyczolkowski. Since then, the regional museum in Bydgoszcz has been gradually expanding its collection by purchasing more works by the artist.
Gallery
Polish artists
1852 births
1936 deaths
Bristol, Vermont

Bristol is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Addison County, Vermont
Gladwin County, Michigan

Gladwin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,386. The county seat is Gladwin.
References
1875 establishments in Michigan
Michigan counties
Edmund of Abingdon

Edmund of Abingdon was an English priest. He was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Gregory IX. He was known for supporting the Sixth Crusade. He did not get along well with Henry III of England because Edmund strongly supported the Magna Carta. He died in France in 1240. And the Catholic Church declared him a saint in 1246.
English priests
Thread (computer science)

A thread in computer science is short for a thread of execution. Threads are a way for a program to split itself into two or more simultaneously (or pseudo-simultaneously) running tasks. Threads and processes differ from one operating system to another but, in general, a thread is contained inside a process and different threads in the same process share the same resources while different processes in the same multitasking operating system do not. Threads are lightweight, in terms of the system resources they consume, as compared with processes.
Sources
David R. Butenhof: Programming with POSIX Threads, Addison-Wesley,
Bradford Nichols, Dick Buttlar, Jacqueline Proulx Farell: Pthreads Programming, O'Reilly & Associates,
Charles J. Northrup: Programming with UNIX Threads, John Wiley & Sons,
Mark Walmsley: Multi-Threaded Programming in C++, Springer,
Paul Hyde: Java Thread Programming, Sams,
Bill Lewis: Threads Primer: A Guide to Multithreaded Programming, Prentice Hall,
Steve Kleiman, Devang Shah, Bart Smaalders: Programming With Threads, SunSoft Press,
Pat Villani: Advanced WIN32 Programming: Files, Threads, and Process Synchronization, Harpercollins Publishers,
Jim Beveridge, Robert Wiener: Multithreading Applications in Win32, Addison-Wesley,
Thuan Q. Pham, Pankaj K. Garg: Multithreaded Programming with Windows NT, Prentice Hall,
Len Dorfman, Marc J. Neuberger: Effective Multithreading in OS/2, McGraw-Hill Osborne Media,
Alan Burns, Andy Wellings: Concurrency in ADA, Cambridge University Press,
Uresh Vahalia: Unix Internals: the New Frontiers, Prentice Hall,
Alan L. Dennis: .Net Multithreading , Manning Publications Company,
Tobin Titus, Fabio Claudio Ferracchiati, Srinivasa Sivakumar, Tejaswi Redkar, Sandra Gopikrishna: C# Threading Handbook, Peer Information Inc,
Tobin Titus, Fabio Claudio Ferracchiati, Srinivasa Sivakumar, Tejaswi Redkar, Sandra Gopikrishna: Visual Basic .Net Threading Handbook, Wrox Press Inc,
Other websites
Multiple Threading in C# , Association for Technotechmedia, August 2016, by Isha Chopra
Article "Query by Slice, Parallel Execute, and Join: A Thread Pool Pattern in Java " by Binildas C. A.
Ars Technica article about multithreading, etc
Answers to frequently asked questions for comp.programming.threads
The C10K problem
Article "The Free Lunch Is Over: A Fundamental Turn Toward Concurrency in Software" by Herb Sutter
Article "The Problem with Threads " by Edward Lee
parallel computing community
POSIX threads explained by Daniel Robbins
Multithreading in the Solaris Operating Environment
Developer's Reference and tutorial
Computer science
Neurology

Neurology is a medical specialty that deals with the disorders of the nervous system. Neurology is about the medical diagnosis and treatment of conditions and illnesses of the nervous system. This can include both the physical condition of the brain, nerves, and brain messages between the body and the nervous system. Neurological practice relies heavily on the field of neurobiology, which is the scientific study of the nervous system.
World Federation of Neurology coordinates neurology researches.
Neurology also references to animals, not only to humans.
Some Common Neurological Illnesses and Conditions
Alzheimer's Disease
Epilepsy
Shingles
Dementia
Autism
Other websites
BrainTalk Support Groups for all Neurological conditions and diseases
European Federation of Neurological Societies
Stefan Maierhofer

Stefan Maierhofer (born 16 August 1982) is a football player from Austria. He plays as striker.
Career
Maierhofer played his first matches for Vienna and SV Langrohr. At the age of 23 he went to FC Bayern Munchen. He played in the second team for 2 seasons. He also played 2 matches in the first squad. He scored 21 goals in 42 Regionalliga appearances. He was top goalscorer for the squad in both seasons.
In January 2007 Maierhofer played half a season for TuS Koblenz in the second league of Germany. The next season he signed a contract with SpVgg Greuther Furth. The club sent him on a six-month loan to Austrian Bundesliga's Rapid Vienna in January 2008. Rapid then signed a contract with him.
In 2009 he went to the Premier League. He played for Wolverhampton Wanderers. In 2010 he went on loan to MSV Duisburg. With the team he reached the German Cup final. In August 2011 he returned to Austria and signed with F. C. Red Bull Salzburg.
He also played 15 times for the Austrian national football team. He scored two goals with them.
Honours
Champion Austrian Bundesliga: 2008 with Rapid Wien
Other websites
website
Stefan Maierhofer at worldfootball.net
Stefan Maierhofer on Facebook
Team website:Profile S.Maierhofer
1982 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Sportspeople from Lower Austria
Players of the Austrian national football team
Austrian football forwards
Austrian Football Bundesliga top scorers
Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum. It is sometimes called The Met. It is found on the eastern edge of Central Park in New York City. It has a collection of more than two million works of art.
The main building is one of the world's largest art galleries, at about in area. The Met is the most popular art museum in the United States with more than 5 million visitors each year. There is also a much smaller second location, the Cloisters. The Cloisters museum and gardens, which opened to the public in 1938, is a branch of the Museum. It is located in Inwood, in northern Manhattan. It has medieval art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which includes its Main Building on Fifth Avenue and the Cloisters in northern Manhattan, dates back to 1866.
People are asked to donate to the museum upon admission. However, one can choose not to donate. The museum suggests a $25 donation per person.
History
In 1866, a group of Americans in Paris, France, agreed to create a "national institution and gallery of art". Their goal was to bring art and art education to the American people.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870. The founders included businessmen and financiers, as well as leading artists and thinkers of the day, who wanted to open a museum to bring art and art education to the American people. It opened on February 20, 1872, and was originally located at 681 Fifth Avenue.
Collections
The museum has art from classical antiquity and Ancient Egypt, paintings and sculptures from European artists, and a large collection of American and modern art. There is also a large number of African, Asian, Oceanic, Byzantine, and Islamic artwork. The museum has collections of musical instruments, costumes and accessories, and antique weapons and armor from around the world.
References
Art museums in the United States
Museums in Manhattan
1870 establishments in New York (state)
1452

1452 was a leap year.
Events
March - Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor becomes the last to be crowned in Rome.
Portuguese navigator Diogo de Teive discovers Corvo Island in the Azores.
18 June - Pope Nicholas V issues the bull Dum Diversas, legitimising the colonial slave trade.
October - English troops under John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, land in Guyenne, France, and retake most of the province without a fight.
A major eruption of the South Pacific volcano Kuwae in Vanuatu has a subsequent global cooling effect (the eruption released more sulfate than any other event in the past 700 years).
Battle of Bealach nam Broig, a Scottish clan battle.
Murder of William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas by James II of Scotland at Stirling Castle.
Revolt of Ghent: Forces of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, clash multiple times with rebel militia from Ghent in the region around Ghent.
Births
February 6 - Joana, Crown Princess of Portugal (d. 1490)
March 10 - King Ferdinand II of Aragon (d. 1516)
April 15 - Leonardo da Vinci, Italian artist and inventor (d. 1519)
April 19 - King Frederick IV of Naples (d. 1504)
July 10 - King James III of Scotland (d. 1488)
July 27 - Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1508)
September 21 - Girolamo Savonarola, Italian religious reformer and ruler of Florence (d. 1498)
October 2 - King Richard III of England (d. 1485)
December 10 - Johannes Stoffler, German mathematician (d. 1531)
Deaths
February 10
Svitrigaila, Grand Prince of Lithuania
Michal Boleslaw Zygmuntowicz, Prince of Black Ruthenia
May 26 - John Stafford, Archbishop of Canterbury
December 12 - Guillaume Huin d'Estaing, Catholic cardinal
date unknown
Nicholas Close, English bishop
Gemistus Pletho, philosopher
William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas
Barriers to entry

In economics, barriers to entry (also known as barrier to entry) refers to the things that makes it difficult for a firm or a person to enter a market. These are called obstacles and makes it harder for a firm or a person to enter a market. Examples of barriers to entry include government regulation for firms and the need for a certain level of education for a person.
Barriers to entry helps to protect existing firms in the market from new firms entering a market and thus reduces competition in the market, which causes prices to be higher than what is accepted by society. Monopolies and market power is thus formed due to the existence of barriers to entry.
Definition
While the general definition of barriers to entry refers to the obstacles that makes it difficult for a firm or a person to enter a market, there are certain differences in the definitions given by economists as given below.
George Stigler defined barriers to entry as "A cost of producing which must be borne by a firm which seeks to enter an industry but is not borne by firms already in the industry."
Franklin M. Fisher defined it as "anything that prevents entry when entry is socially beneficial."
Joe S. Bain defined its as anything that allows incumbent firms to earn supernormal profits without threat of entry.
References
Economics
Intercourse, Pennsylvania

Intercourse (population: 1,274 as of 2010 census) is an unincorporated village and census-designated place in Leacock Township, Lancaster County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
References
Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Scott Moe

Scott Moe (born July 31, 1973) is a Canadian politician. He is the 15th and current Premier of Saskatchewan, in office since February 2018. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the riding of Rosthern-Shellbrook. He was Minister of the Environment from 2016 to 2017, after which he resigned to launch his campaign for the leadership of the Saskatchewan Party.
References
Living people
1973 births
Premiers of Saskatchewan
Villars, Loire

Villars is a small village in France near Saint-Priest-en-Jarez.
Other websites
Communes in Loire
Liberian Premier League

Liberian Premier League is a football league which is top division in Liberia.
Club 2009
LPRC Oilers
Barrack Young Controller
Mighty Barolle
LISCR
Mighty Blue Angels
Jasmine Rangers
NPA Anchors
Monrovia Breweries
Watanga
Adorence
Roots
Gedi & Sons
Azziz Kara
Invincible Eleven & Majestic
Monrovia Black Star
PYC Jubilee
Devereux
United Soccer Ambassadors
Football leagues in Africa
Kilobit

A kilobit is 1000 (kilo-), as in SI, bits. A bit is either 0 (off) or 1 (on). The kilobit is usually written as kbit or kb. Kibibit is similar, except it has 1024 (power of two) bits instead of 1000. They are sometimes confused.
Related pages
Kilobyte
Kibibit
Kilo-
Bit
SI
References
Units of information
Jane Wyman

Jane Wyman (Sarah Jane Mayfield, January 5, 1917 - September 10, 2007) was an American movie, stage, television actress, singer, and dancer. She appeared in many movies during her 61-year career. She is mostly known as for being Ronald Reagan's first wife from 1940 until they divorced in 1949, before he ran for Governor of California and President. She has won one Academy Award and two Golden Globe Awards.
Personal life
Wyman was born in St. Joseph, Missouri on January 5, 1917. She had three children with Reagan. She was married five times: Fred Karger, she married twice. She was married to Ernest Eugene Wyman from 1933 until they divorced in 1935. She was married to Myron Futterman from 1937 until they divorced in 1938. After she divorced Reagan in 1949, she was married to Fred Karger from 1952 until they divorced in 1955. In 1961, they remarried, and they redivorced in 1965.
Wyman died on September 10, 2007 in her home in Rancho Mirage, California from natural causes, aged 90. Wyman had arthritis and diabetes. She was later buried at Forest Lawn Mortuary and Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California.
References
Other websites
Jane Wyman Official website
1917 births
2007 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Missouri
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Reagan family
People from St. Joseph, Missouri
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Weiz District

Bezirk Weiz is a district in Styria, Austria. Since 2015, it has the following municipalities:
Albersdorf-Prebuch
Anger
Birkfeld
Fischbach
Fladnitz an der Teichalm
Floing
Gasen
Gersdorf an der Feistritz
Gleisdorf
Gutenberg
Hofstatten an der Raab
Ilztal
Ludersdorf-Wilfersdorf
Markt Hartmannsdorf
Miesenbach bei Birkfeld
Mitterdorf an der Raab
Mortantsch
Naas
Passail
Pischelsdorf am Kulm
Puch bei Weiz
Ratten
Rettenegg
Sankt Kathrein am Hauenstein
Sankt Kathrein am Offenegg
Sankt Margarethen an der Raab
Sankt Ruprecht an der Raab
Sinabelkirchen
Strallegg
Thannhausen
Weiz
References
Districts of Styria
Jungle Cubs

The Fox and The Hound: The Series is an animated Disney television series. It is based on The Fox and The Hound as it is focused on the youth of Tod and copper before the events of the The Fox and The Hound 2. The series was first shown from October 5, 2003 to January 10, 2006 before it's reruns to the Disney Channel. The show was broadcast on Fox Family Channel, but was taken off off the schedule in 2004. Reruns aired on Disney Junior from 2012 to 2013. The series also aired on Toon Disney and in the United Kingdom.
Main Characters
Baloo (voiced by Pamela Adlon): A friendly and free-spirited sloth bear.
Bagheera (voiced by Elizabeth Daily in Season 1, Dee Bradley Baker in Season 2): He is a sensible panther. Bagheera is known as "Baggy" or "Bags". He is the youngest in the group.
Louie (voiced by Jason Marsden in Season 1, Cree Summer in Season 2): Baloo's best friend, an orangutan.
Shere Khan (voiced by Jason Marsden): A proud, arrogant Bengal tiger. He is often called "Khannie" by Baloo and Louie.
Kaa (voiced by Jim Cummings): A young python who wants to hypnotize other animals, but his skills at hypnosis are not very good.
Hathi: An elephant who tyies to keep the group in order. He is often called "Little Peanut" by Baloo.
Cecil and Arthur (voiced by Michael McKean and David Lander) - Two vultures who are always hoping for one of the cubs to die so that they can eat them. They are never seen as a real threat.
Mahra (voiced by Tress MacNeille) - A baboon that lives in the wasteland. She and her sons have often antagonized the Jungle Cubs when they enter the wasteland.
Ned (voiced by Charlie Adler) - One of Mahra's sons.
Jed (voiced by Jim Cummings) - One of Mahra's sons.
Fred (voiced by Jim Cummings) - One of Mahra's sons.
Home video releases
VHS
Video Chile: ADV Garantia Original Video
Three VHS cassettes containing 11 episodes of the series were released on the Argentinian in Chilean.
DVD
Video Chile: ADV Garantia Original Video
Three DVDs containing 11 episodes of the series were released on the Argentinian in Chilean.
Other websites
1996 television series debuts
Television series by Disney
Animated television series
1998 television series endings
MBLAQ

MBLAQ is a South Korean boy band. They have five members: Seungho, G.O., Joon, Thunder, and Mir. The letters MBLAQ is an initialism for Music Boys Live in Absolute Quality.
Discography
Korean discography
Studio albums
2011 : BLAQ Style
Repackaged albums
2011 : BLAQ Style - 3D Edition
Extended plays
2009 : Just BLAQ
2010 : Y
2011 : Mona Lisa
2012: 100% Ver.
2013: Sexy Beat
Repackaged EP's
2012 : BLAQ%Ver.
2013 : TBA
Digital Singles
2011: White Forever
2011: You&I
Japanese discography
Compilations
2012 : BLAQ Memories
Singles
2011 : Your Luv
2011 : Baby U!
2013 : Mona Lisa
DVDs
2011 : Mona Lisa Style
2012 : This is War Music Story
2012 : MBLAQ 'Men in MBLAQ' First Concert DVD
2013 : The BLAQ% Tour
South Korean musical groups
Irving A. Fradkin

Irving A. Fradkin (March 28, 1921 - November 19, 2016) was an optometrist and founder and president emeritus of Scholarship America.
Career
Fradkin has been called the "Johnny Appleseed" of college scholarships due to his leadership in scholarship access; his work has received national media coverage and government support.
References
1921 births
2016 deaths
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Edvin Hodžić

Edvin Hodzic (29 November 1994 - 10 July 2018) was an Austrian professional footballer. He played as a midfielder.
Hodzic played at youth level for LASK Linz from 2002 to 2010. He then played for FC Pasching, SV Wallern, SC Ritzing, ATSV Stadl-Paura, Austria Klagenfurt and Kapfenberger SV. At the time of his death he was hired to play for the German club SV Schalding-Heining for five weeks.
Hodzic died on 10 July 2018, at the age of 23.
References
1994 births
2018 deaths
Austrian footballers
Crelle's Journal

Crelle's Journal, or just Crelle, is a journal that was published monthly for mathematical articles. It was founded by August Leopold Crelle in 1826 in Berlin. The full German title is Journal fur die reine und angewandte Mathematik (in English: Journal for Pure and Applied Mathematics).
Crelle edited the journal until his death in 1855. Lots of very important mathematical articles were published in it. Some of these were articles which had a very big influence on the development of mathematics. It published famous articles by mathematicians such as Niels Henrik Abel, Georg Cantor, and Gotthold Eisenstein. It was edited by Carl Wilhelm Borchardt from 1856-80, during which time it was known as Borchardt's Journal. The editor today is Rainer Weissauer (Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg).
Other websites
journals
Mathematics journals
Île-de-Batz

Ile-de-Batz () is an island and a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
References
Other websites
Official website
Cultural Heritage
French Ministry of Culture list for Ile-de-Batz
Official website of colonie du phare
Communes in Finistere
Batz
Tobruk (1967 movie)

Tobruk is a 1967 American World War II drama movie. It was directed by Arthur Hiller. Actors included Rock Hudson, George Peppard, Nigel Green, Norman Rossington, and Guy Stockwall. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Tobruk received an Academy Award nomination for Special Visual Effects in 1968.
References
Other websites
1967 drama movies
1967 war movies
1960s American drama movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Arthur Hiller
Kelly Mason

Kelly Fiona Mason (born 16 June 1987) is a New Zealand water polo player. She is a member of the New Zealand women's national water polo team. She played at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships, 2009 World Aquatics Championships, and 2011 World Aquatics Championships.
She was educated at Avondale College, Auckland. She played for the University of Hawaii's women's water polo team.
References
1987 births
Living people
New Zealand water polo players
Alserio

Alserio is a comune in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy.
Lago di Alserio is in the comune.
References
Settlements in Lombardy
Fernando Hierro

Fernando Hierro (born 23 March 1968) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="2"|Real Valladolid||rowspan="2"|La Liga||29||1
|-
|1988/89||29||2
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="14"|Real Madrid||rowspan="14"|La Liga||37||7
|-
|1990/91||35||6
|-
|1991/92||37||21
|-
|1992/93||33||13
|-
|1993/94||34||10
|-
|1994/95||33||7
|-
|1995/96||31||7
|-
|1996/97||39||6
|-
|1997/98||28||3
|-
|1998/99||28||6
|-
|1999/00||20||5
|-
|2000/01||29||5
|-
|2001/02||30||5
|-
|2002/03||25||0
|-
|2003/04||Al-Rayyan||Stars League||19||3
|-
|2004/05||Bolton Wanderers||Premier League||29||1
497||104
19||3
29||1
545||108
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1989||2||0
|-
|1990||1||1
|-
|1991||4||0
|-
|1992||6||3
|-
|1993||6||2
|-
|1994||13||2
|-
|1995||7||3
|-
|1996||9||2
|-
|1997||6||2
|-
|1998||7||3
|-
|1999||6||5
|-
|2000||9||2
|-
|2001||7||2
|-
|2002||6||2
|-
!Total||89||29
|}
References
1968 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
San Cristóbal Ecatepec

San Cristobal Ecatepec (or Ecatepec de Morelos) is a city in the state of Mexico in Mexico. About 1,700,000 people live there. This makes San Christobal de Ectatepec the second largest city in Mexico and the largest in the state of Mexico.
Other websites
Cities in Mexico
Settlements in Mexico (state)
Cauvicourt

Cauvicourt is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Carl Garrett

Carl L. Garrett (August 31, 1947 - August 24, 2020) was an American football halfback. He began his professional career with the American Football League's Boston Patriots. He also played for the Chicago Bears, New York Jets, and Oakland Raiders. His career began 1969 and he retired in 1977.
Garrett was born in Denton, Texas. He studied at New Mexico Highlands University. Garrett died on August 24, 2020 in Denton at the age of 72.
References
1947 births
2020 deaths
New England Patriots players
Chicago Bears players
New York Jets players
Oakland Raiders players
Sportspeople from Texas
People from Denton, Texas
Lleida Esportiu

Club Lleida Esportiu is a Spanish football team. It is based in Lleida, Catalonia. It was founded in July 2011. It plays in Segunda Division B, Its home stadium, Camp d'Esports, can hold 13,500 people.
Spanish football clubs
21st-century establishments in Spain
2011 establishments in Europe
Lleida
Margo Guryan

Margo Guryan (September 20, 1937 - November 8, 2021) was an American pop jazz singer-songwriter and pianist. She was known for her 1960s song "Sunday Mornin'". Her 1968 album Take a Picture is also well known. Guryan was born in New York City.
Guryan died on November 8, 2021 in Los Angeles at the age of 84.
References
1937 births
2021 deaths
American jazz musicians
American jazz singers
American pop musicians
American pop singers
Singer-songwriters from New York City
Musicians from New York City
American pianists
Hennie Kenkhuis

Hennie Kenkhuis (19 April 1952 - 17 February 2021) was a Dutch politician. He was alderman for GroenLinks / The Greens from October 2007 to April 2010 in the Dutch city of Zwolle.
Kenkhuis was born in Zenderen (Borne) and died in Zwolle at the age of 68.
References
1952 births
2021 deaths
Aldermen of the Netherlands
GreenLeft politicians
Politicians from Overijssel
Socialist Unity Party of Germany

The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (German: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, shortened: SED) was the governing party of East Germany from 1949, when East Germany was created, until the elections of 1990. It was formed in 1946 a year after World War 2 ended in 1945 and after Nazi Germany was defeated and after the Nazi Party was banned .
The SED was created in april 1946 in the Berliner Admiralspalast when the Soviet Union forced the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) members and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) members who lived in the Soviet-occupied parts of Germany and Berlin. After 1990, the party reformed itself as the Party of Democratic Socialism (later in 2005, the Left Party.PDS). It is still somewhat popular in parts the former East German territory, frequently winning seats at state and local elections. In the September 2005 Bundestag election the PDS was in coalition with WASG (Electoral Alternative for Labour and Social Justice), which was formed by Oskar Lafontaine who left the SPD. The PDS and WASG joined together in 2007.
A famous SED poster read: To learn from Stalin means to learn how to win. Later, the word Stalin was replaced with the USSR. When Gorbachev was president of the USSR the famous slogan was abandoned, as the SED did not believe there was anything to learn from his ideas about perestroika.
At first the SED had a branch in West Berlin, but in 1962 the West Berlin branch was separated from the SED proper and became a "separate" party called the Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Westberlins - SEW) but with the same ideas as the parent party.
The final days
Between the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the election in March 1990, the old Social Democratic Party was re-established as a separate party, while the rest of the SED lost a lot of members and renamed itself the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) at a special party meeting in December 1989. By becoming the PDS the party survived the reuniting of East Germany and West Germany, and eventually started growing again, managing to get representatives elected to the Bundestag.
On December 1, 1989 the SED was forced to give up its 40 year monopoly of power when the State Council (Volksammer) revoked the clause in the constitution of the GDR that guaranteed the SED to be the sole legal party in East Germany. Its leader and all of the politburo resigned three days later and the party was finally dissolved on December 16, 1989.
General Secretaries of the Central Committee of the SED
(known as "First Secretary" from 1953 - 1976)
Walter Ulbricht (July 1950 - May 3, 1971)
Erich Honecker (May 3, 1971 - October 18, 1989)
Egon Krenz (October 18, 1989 - December 3, 1989)
These three party leaders were also the equivalent of the Prime Minister or President in other countries; they really led the government as well as the main, legally powerful party, which was not often the case in other Communist countries.
1946 establishments in Germany
1990 disestablishments in Germany
Communist parties in Europe
East Germany
Former political parties in Germany
Melanie Joy

Melanie Joy (born September 2, 1966) is an American social psychologist and author. She is known for creating the term carnism, which is the study and research about human relationships with animals and pets. She is the founding president of nonprofit advocacy group Beyond Carnism. She was a professor of psychology and sociology at the University of Massachusetts Boston.
References
1966 births
Living people
American psychologists
Academics from Massachusetts
American activists
Educators from Boston
Scientists from Massachusetts
Morganatic marriage

A morganatic marriage is a marriage between a royal person and a person of lower rank. The royal person's title titles and privileges do not go to the spouse or to any children, who do not become heirs. However, the marriage is considered legitimate, and the children are not bastards.
A morganatic marriages is now rare and is sometimes called a left-handed marriage because in the wedding ceremony, the groom usually held his bride's right hand with his left hand.
Most famously, Archduke Franz Ferdinand had to get a morganatic marriage so that he could marry Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, because she was a noble of a lower rank.
References
Marriage
Royalty and nobility
FC Zvartnots

FC Zvartnots is an Armenian football club from Yerevan.
The club made their first notable result in the 1998 Armenian First League, where they became the league's champions and win promotion to the Armenian Premier League.
For a few years Zvartnots would become one of the main contenders in the Premier League. In their first Premier League season they reached the fourth spot, while in 2001 they became second after FC Pyunik. In the 2003 season they would still be among the Premier League clubs, however they withdrew before the season and did not return in professional football since.
References
RSSSF Armenia (and subpages per year)
Armenian football clubs
Ellbögen

Ellbogen is a municipality of the district Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Choice Music Prize

The Choice Music Prize is a yearly music prize awarded to the best album from Ireland. It has been sponsored by Meteor since 2011.
It was formed by journalist Jim Carroll and manager Dave Reid in 2005.
The ceremony to announce the winner takes place at Vicar Street, Dublin in February or March each year.
Winners and shortlisted nominees
Related pages
Mercury Prize (United Kingdom)
Polaris Music Prize (Canada)
Australian Music Prize (Australia)
Prix Constantin (France)
Shortlist Music Prize (United States)
References
Other websites
Choice Music Prize official site
Irish culture
Music awards
2005 establishments in Europe
Salvador Freixedo

Salvador Freixedo, (23 April 1923 - 25 October 2019) was a Spanish Catholic priest. He was a member of the Jesuit Order.
He was known as a Ufologist and researcher of paranormal subjects. He wrote many books on the relationship between religion and extraterrestrial beings, and was a speaker in several international UFO congresses in Europe, the Americas, and Asia.
He was also a contributor to a number of parascientific magazines, such as Mundo Desconocido (Unknown World), Karma 7 and Mas alla (Beyond) among others.
References
1923 births
2019 deaths
Jesuits
Ufologists
Spanish Roman Catholic priests
Spanish writers
Ones (album)

Ones is a greatest hits album by Selena. The album included an unreleased ballad song. The album sold over 500,000 copies in the United States.
Track listing
Disc 1 CD
Disc 2 Music video DVD
No Quiero Saber
La Carcacha
Buenos Amigos (Duet With Alvaro Torres)
La Llamada
Amor Prohibido
No Me Queda Mas
Bidi Bidi Bom Bom
Techno Cumbia
Donde Quiera Que Estes (Duet With Barrio Boyzz)
Tu, Solo Tu
Siempre Hace Frio
I Could Fall In Love
Dreaming Of You
Certifications
References
Selena albums
2002 albums
Ngadi Chuli

Ngadi Chuli is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in Nepal. It is also known as Peak 29, Dakura, Dakum, Dunapurna, and Gurkha Massif. It is the 20th highest mountain in the world. The first confirmed people to reach the top were Ryszard Gajewski and Maciej Pawlikowski, in 1979. Hiroshi Watanabe and Lhakpa Tsering may have made it to the top earlier, in 1970. However, they died on the way down, and their camera was damaged. So, while the other members of their expedition believed that they made it, it cannot be confirmed.
References
Mountains of Nepal
Himalayas