pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ellery Cory Stowell

Ellery Cory Stowell (December 12, 1875 - January 1, 1958) was a professor of international law at Columbia University and then American University in Washington, D.C. He represented the United States at The Hague Convention of 1907 and the London Naval Conference of 1909.
Biography
Stowell was born on December 12, 1875 in Lynn, Massachusetts. He was a professor of international law at Columbia University and then American University in Washington, D.C. He moved to California when he retired. He died on January 1, 1958 in Berkeley, California.
Legacy
Stowell's papers are stored at Stanford University.
References
1875 births
1958 deaths
People from Lynn, Massachusetts
Academics from Washington, D.C.
Columbia University faculty
Arjit Taneja

Arjit Taneja is an Indian television actor and model. He made his television debut with the V The Serial and then appeared in the reality shows MTV Splitsvilla 6 and Box Cricket League 1 and TV fiction dramas Kumkum Bhagya, Kaleerein and Bahu Begum. Taneja is frequently cited as one of the most desirable and attractive celebrities in Indian television industry. He is been rumoured to be in relationship with actress Anjum Fakih.
Life and career
Early life and career beginnings (1992-2014)
Arjit Taneja belongs to a Punjabi family. He attended modern school, Delhi and was graduated with a BA degree in computer programming at University of Delhi.
In November 2010, he joined the modelling agency Elite Model Management India Pvt. Ltd. 2 years later in mid-2012, Taneja moved from Delhi to Mumbai and began his acting career on television that year as the friend of Karan Kundra's character in Channel V India's V The Serial, produced by Ekta Kapoor.
In 2013 he collaborated with Kapoor on Sony TV's Bade Achhe Lagte Hain, where he had a very small role. Also he contested in MTV India's MTV Splitsvilla 6 and later in Sony TV's Box Cricket League 1, the latter of which was his third with Kapoor.
Breakthrough and establishment (2014-present)
Taneja's career finally saw a turning point when he signed the parallel lead role of Purab Khanna in Zee TV's popular daily soap Kumkum Bhagya, created by Kapoor. He won the Best Supporting Actor award at the Zee Gold Awards, and exited the show in 2016. In 2017, Arjit then moved to Indonesia for a few months where he was cast as lead in the Indonesian show ' Nadin ' (ANTV) alongside his former co-star from Kumkum Bhagya Mrunal Thakur and Indonesia Actress Dewi Persik.
Simultaneously along with Kumkum Bhagya, he was seen as Bilal Khan in another Kapoor production--Sony TV's Pyaar Ko Ho Jaane Do in 2015. In 2016, he did Zing's Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya and participated in Colors TV's Box Cricket League 2 produced by Kapoor.
In February 2018, Taneja began essaying the main character of Vivaan Kapoor in Zee TV's Kaleerein. It went off air in November 2018. In May 2018, he also appeared as a guest in Zee TV's talk show Juzz Baatt with Sana Saeed, Adnan Khan and Karan Jotwani.
His next TV series was Colors TV's love triangle-themed Bahu Begum which premiered in July 2019. In the show Taneja was cast as Azaan Akhtar Mirza, the Nawab of Bhopal. Due to low viewership, Bahu Begum culminated in January 2020.
In January 2021, he bagged the grey-shade cameo role of Farishta, an angel in the supernatural revenge thriller Naagin 5 and reprised the same role in February 2021 for Kuch Toh Hai: Naagin Ek Naye Rang Mein, both of which were aired on Colors TV and created by Kapoor.
Arjit Taneja is currently seen as 'Shambhu' in his latest show "Nath Zewar Ya Zanjeer" which officially aired on August 23rd, 2021 on Dangal TV.
Filmography
Television
Music Videos
Awards and nominations
References
Other websites
1992 births
Indian television actors
Indian models
Actors from Delhi
Living people
Puyoô

Puyoo is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Communes in Pyrenees-Atlantiques
Villars-Epeney

Villars-Epeney is a municipality in the district Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Profile
Municipalities of Vaud
Mint (candy)

Mint is a flavor frequently used in candy, chewing gum and ice cream. Famous brands of mints include Polos (made by Rowntrees, then Nestle), Altoids, Cadburys After Dinner Mints, Fisherman's Friends, Trebor extra strong mints, Menthos and Wrigleys spearmint gum.
Other websites
The Trebor story
Fisherman's Friends
Polos
Mentos
Candy
Larry Craig

Larry Edwin Craig (born July 20, 1945) is an American politician. He is a former Republican politician from the U.S. state of Idaho. He served 18 years in the U.S. Senate (1991-2009), preceded by 10 years in the U.S. House, representing Idaho's first district (1981-91).
References
Other websites
1945 births
Living people
American Methodists
Ranchers
United States representatives from Idaho
United States senators from Idaho
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Touch Me Not

Touch Me Not is a 2018 internationally co-produced drama movie. It was screened in the main competition under the 68th Berlin International Film Festival. It won the Golden Bear Award. The movie mixes fiction and documentary.
Touch Me Not is rated NC-17 because of explicit sex.
Under Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a rating of 58% with 33 reviews. Under Metacritic, the movie has a rating of 65 out of 100, meaning "generally favorable reviews".
Cast
Laura Benson as herself
Tomas Lemarquis as himself
Dirk Lange as himself
Hanna Hofmann as herself
Christian Bayerlein as himself
Grit Uhlemann as herself
Irmena Chichikova as herself
Adina Pintilie as herself
Seani Love as himself
References
2010s drama movies
2018 movies
NC-17 rated movies
Bulgarian movies
Czech movies
French drama movies
German drama movies
Romanian drama movies
List of Gainare Tottori players

The List of Gainare Tottori players is evolving. The history of the team is created by its players.
Gainare Tottori is a Japanese professional football club in Tottori Prefecture.
List
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Toshihiro Hattori 2010-2011
Atsushi Inoue
Hidenori Kato
Takahide Kishi
Kiyomitsu Kobari
Shota Koide
Atsushi Mio
Tomokazu Nagira
Masayuki Okano
Norio Omura 2008
Eiichiro Ozaki
Nobutaka Suzuki
Kenta Togawa
Toshitaka Tsurumi
Yasumichi Uchima
Tomoyuki Yoshino
Xu Xiaofei 2007
Related pages
Sports in Japan
List of Japanese football teams
References
Other websites
Gainare Tottori websitge
J.League Club Guide
Gainare Tottori
Ferdinand Cohn

Ferdinand Julius Cohn (24 January 1828 - 25 June 1898) was a German biologist. He is a founder of modern bacteriology and microbiology.
Cohn was born in the Jewish quarter of Breslau in the Prussian Province of Silesia. This is now Wroclaw, Poland. Starting at age 16 he studied botany under Heinrich Goppert at the University of Breslau. He then moved to the University of Berlin. At age 19 in 1847 he received a degree in botany at Berlin.
In 1849 he returned to the University of Breslau and he remained at that university for the rest of his career as a teacher and researcher. His father had bought for him a large and expensive microscope, which the University of Breslau and most universities did not have at that time. They had microscopes, but not so good as his. It was Ferdinand Cohn's main research tool in the 1850s.
In the 1850s he studied the growth and division of plant cells. In 1855 he produced papers on the sexuality of Sphaeroplea and later Volvox. In the 1860s he studied plant physiology. Cohn was the first to classify algae as plants, and to define what distinguishes them from green plants.
From 1870 onward he mostly studied bacteria. He published over 150 research reports during his lifetime. The University of Breslau became an innovative center for plant physiology and microbiology while he was there. His classification of bacteria into four groups based on shape (sphericals, short rods, threads, and spirals) is still in use today.
Among other things Cohn showed that Bacillus can change from a vegetative state to an endospore when conditions are hard. Heat resistant spores of B. subtilis caused a controversy over spontaneous generation. Cohn explained why boiled infusions of hay and cheese could still get microbial growth. It was because they contained heat resistant spores.
References
Other websites
Jewish Encyclopedia entry for Ferdinand Julius Cohn
Ferdinand Cohn in the Encyclopedia of World Biography, published by Gale Group (2010).
1828 births
1898 deaths
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
German botanists
Jewish German academics
Jewish German scientists
People from former German territories
People from Wroclaw
Bering Strait

The Bering Strait (Russian: Beringov proliv) is a sea strait between Cape Dezhnev, Russia, the easternmost point (169deg43' W) of the Asian continent and Cape Prince of Wales on the edge of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, the westernmost point (168deg05' W) of the North American continent, with latitude of about 65deg 40' north, slightly south of the Arctic Circle. The strait was made around 40,000 years ago, when an old landmass between Asia and America known as Beringia was flooded at the end of the last ice age. The strait is passed through by the international date line, making from the view of the Russian side from the Alaskan side like looking at tomorrow.
Geography
The Bering Strait is 82 km at its narrowest point, and 90 meters deep at its deepest point (with an average depth of 50 meters), making the strait rather shallow. There are three small islands located in the strait. There are the two Diomede Islands in the middle of the strait, and a small rock (or islet) known as Fairway Rock southeast of the Diomede Islands.
Proposed crossing
There have been ideas of building a bridge or tunnel to link Alaska and Russia, where cars and trains could cross the strait. The crossing would have three parts, one connecting Big Diomede Island to Russia, one connecting Small Diomede with Alaska, and a final link between the islands. This would link the North American road system with the connected road systems of Asia, Europe, and Africa. There have not been any physical work done on such a crossing, mostly due to the remoteness of the strait, and the little demand for it. There are no major highways or railroads that connect the Bering Strait to the rest of Asia or America, so if either a tunnel or bridge was built across the strait, new connections to the rest of the highways and railways would have to be made for cars or trains to get there. The crossing might become more useful in the future however.
Sources
Straits
Geography of North America
Permineralization

Permineralization is a process of fossilization in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms.
Minerals in water fill the spaces inside organic tissue. The process gives a record of soft tissue as well as hard tissues. Fossils with permineralization are useful in studying internal structures, especially of plants.
Water from the ground, lakes, or oceans seeps into the pores of organic tissue and forms a crystal cast with deposited minerals. Crystals begin to form in the porous cell walls. This process continues on the inner surface of the walls until the central cavity of the cell, the lumen, is completely filled. The cell walls themselves remain intact surrounding the crystals. Permineralization is different from petrification in that the organic material is only filled with minerals and not completely replaced. Permineralization can occur in several ways:
Types
Silicification
Silicification is the most common type of permineralization.
Carbonate mineralization
Carbonate mineralization occurs as coal balls. Coal balls are fossilizations of plants and their tissues, usually made when there is seawater or acidic peat. This type of fossilization gives information about plant life in the Upper Carboniferous (325 to 280 million years ago).
Pyritization
Organisms are pyritized when they are in marine sediments saturated with iron sulfides.
References
Fossils
Paleontology
A.C. Parabiago

A.C. Parabiago is a football club for Parabiago, Italy.
They wear maroon and white colored jerseys.
Italian football clubs
1943 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in Italy
Asher, Oklahoma

Asher is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 393 at the 2010 census, a decline of 6.2 percent from 419 at the 2000 census.
Geography
Asher is located at (34.988580, -96.926550), at the intersection of U.S. Highway 177 and State Highway 39 in Pottawatomie County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Sources
Towns in Oklahoma
Adelong, New South Wales

Adelong is a small town in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. It is a part of the Tumut Shire. About 1400 people live in the Adelong district, and 829 people live in the town. The town is about 160 kilometres west of Canberra on the Snowy Mountains Highway. The town's name comes from an Aboriginal word meaning "along the way" or "plain with a river".
History
Hamilton Hume and William Hovell were the first Europeans in to visit the area on their way back to Sydney in 1825. They described it as "rough and difficult country."
Gold rush
Adelong was settled between 1840 and 1850. Gold was discovered at Adelong by a William Williams in 1857. The gold was on the top of Victoria Hill and was part of the Old Hill Reef. Alluvial gold was found in both Adelong Creek and Golden Gully in the same year. Adelong quickly became an important goldfield. Adelong Post Office opened on 1 January 1859.
By 1859 a number of gold reefs were being mined, including the Old Reef and the Great Victoria Mine. Between 1859 and 1876, 3,798 kilograms of gold was mined. During the gold rush the population grew to more than 30,000 people. Over 25 tonnes of gold was mined from 1857 to the close of the mines in 1914. The National Trust of Australia has listed the main street of Adelong and a number of buildings as being important historical places.
A number of narrow tramway tracks were built in the mine area. Adelong is one of the only two gold mining areas in New South Wales known to have used a steam locomotive on its tramways.
During the gold rush many Chinese people worked in the mines. Many died and were buried in a special part of the Adelong cemetery. The Chinese part of the cemetery was destroyed in the early 1900s. One or two old Chinese and Indian people still lived in Adelong in the 1950s. A small town, Cornishtown, was about a mile west of Adelong till the 1940s.
Farming
After the gold rush, farming became the main business in the area. This was mainly Merino sheep and beef cattle. Over the last 20 years a tourists have come to visit because of the pleasant scenery and gold mining history. The famous Adelong Falls, with its rich gold-mining past, is an ideal spot to for a picnic or to explore the local area.
References
Towns in New South Wales
Toni Turek

Toni Turek is a former football player. He has played for West Germany national team. In 1954 he became world champion. He is called "Fussballgott" ("football god").
Club career statistics
|-
|1946-47||Eintracht Frankfurt||Oberliga||22||0
|-
|1947-48||rowspan="3"|Ulm||rowspan="2"|Oberliga||37||0
|-
|1948-49||28||0
|-
|1949-50||||0||0
|-
|1950-51||rowspan="5"|Fortuna Dusseldorf||rowspan="5"|Oberliga||28||0
|-
|1951-52||30||0
|-
|1952-53||30||0
|-
|1953-54||30||0
|-
|1954-55||15||0
|-
|1955-56||Borussia Monchengladbach||Oberliga||4||0
224||0
224||0
International career statistics
|-
|1950||4||0
|-
|1951||4||0
|-
|1952||4||0
|-
|1953||4||0
|-
|1954||4||0
|-
!Total||20||0
References
Further reading
Werner Raupp: Toni Turek - "Fussballgott". Eine Biographie. Hildesheim: Arete Verlag 2019.
Other websites
Private archive of Werner Raupp, Hohenstein/Schwab. Alb.
1919 births
1984 deaths
German association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Duisburg
Borussia Monchengladbach players
Worms (movie)

Worms () is a 2013 Brazilian stop motion animated adventure fantasy family comedy film directed by Paolo Conti and Arthur Nunes. It is the first Brazilian stop-motion animated film. It was released in Brazil on December 20, 2013.
Plot
When Junior, a worm who is eleven years old or twelve years old who is protected too much, accidentally goes up to the surface, he has to go back home, which could be dangerous for him.
Cast
Cadu Paschoal as Junior
Jullie as Linda
Yago Machado as Nico
Rita Lee as Martha
Anderson Silva as Hairy (Cabelo)
Daniel Boaventura as Big Wig / Mister Jumping
Isabella Fiorentino as Florence
Duda Espinoza as Noodles
Luiz Sergio Navarro as Arthur
Manolo Rey as Ranho
Sergio Stern as Francois
Notes
References
Other websites
Canadian animated movies
2010s animated movies
20th Century Fox movies
Mancenans

Mancenans is a commune in the Doubs department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in eastern France.
Geography
Mancenans is west of L'Isle-sur-le-Doubs between the hills of Chatel and Replain.
Population
Related pages
Communes of the Doubs department
References
Other websites
Mancenans on the intercommunal Web site of the department
Communes in Doubs
Delaware County, Pennsylvania

Delaware County, also nicknamed Delco, is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that borders Philadelphia. With a population of 562,960, it is the fifth most populous county in Pennsylvania. The county was created on September 26, 1789 and was named after the Delaware River. The county seat is Media.
References
1780s establishments in Pennsylvania
1789 establishments in the United States
Pennsylvania counties
Chūgoku region

The , also known as the , is one of Japan's traditional regions. The Japanese conventions of geography and history divide the nation into eight regions, including the Chugoku region. These have been used since 1905 as basic units for description and comparison and as cultural markers.
The regions of Japan are a fusion of historical divisions and modern administrative needs". The significance of the region in Japan is geographical, cultural and administrative.
History
In the late 7th century, the San'indo and San'yodo were identified as two of the eight largest administrative areas of the Imperial system (ritsuryo seido).
Gokishichido is an ancient system of names for parts of the country, including San'indo and San'yodo. Chugoku covers a western part of the island of Honshu in roughly the same area as the traditional San'indo and San'yodo.
In the Meiji period, the modern regional system was made by Imperial decree. Japan was divided into regions (chiho ), including the Chugoku region. A regional council (chiho gyosei kyogisai) was headed by the governor of the most powerful prefecture in the regional grouping. The council also included regional chiefs of central government ministries.
Table: Chugoku
Over time, Chugoku has developed its own regional dialects, customs and unique traditional culture.
Related pages
Provinces of Japan
Prefectures of Japan
List of regions of Japan
List of islands of Japan
References
Other websites
Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Geography of Japan
Honshu
Erath County, Texas

Erath County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 42,545 people lived there. The county seat is Stephanville.
References
Texas counties
Adriana Roel

Adriana Roel (5 July 1934 - 4 August 2022) was a Mexican actress. She was known for her role in the Mexican telenovela Huracan. She also starred in Viva Maria!, Autumn Days and Chucho el Roto.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2022 deaths
Mexican movie actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican television actors
People from Monterrey
Rick Astley

Richard Paul Astley (born 6 February 1966) is a British singer, songwriter and musician. He was born in Great Sankey, Warrington, Lancashire, England and grew up in Newton-le-Willows, Merseyside. Astley has also lived in Richmond, London with his Danish wife, Lene Bausager, and their daughter, Emilie.
Career
In 1985, Astley was a drummer with a soul band named FBI when Pete Waterman noticed him and persuaded him to come to London to work at the PWL recording studio.
His first single was the little-known "When You Gonna," released as a collaboration with Lisa Carter. His first solo offering was "Never Gonna Give You Up," released in 1987 which spent five weeks at the top of the British charts and becoming the year's highest-selling single. On 12 March 1988, "Never Gonna Give You Up" also topped the U.S. singles chart and was followed by a second U.S. #1 on 18 June with his second U.S. single release, "Together Forever." In 1989 he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best New Artist of the Year. He lost to Tracy Chapman.
Much later, thanks to the rick rolling phenomenon and the persistent voting of the website 4chan, he was also nominated for the Best Act Ever Award 2008 at the Liverpool Music Awards.
Rickroll internet phenomenon
In 2007 Rick Astley became the subject of a viral Internet meme in which an estimated 25 million Internet users were tricked into watching Rick Astley's video "Never Gonna Give You Up" by posting it under the name of other popular video titles. The practice is now known as Rickrolling. The phenomenon became so popular that on April 1, 2008, YouTube pranked its users by making every single featured video on the front page a Rickroll.
Discography
Canada Top data: for singles and albums from The Record magazine. US Top data: for singles from The Billboard Hot 100, for albums from The Billboard 200; UK Top data for singles and albums is from UK Singles Chart.
References
Other websites
Official Rick Astley website
Official Rick Astley MySpace
Official Rick Astley YouTube channel
1966 births
Living people
English pop musicians
Singers from Merseyside
Analogy

An analogy is a comparison between two things that are similar in some way. When you draw an analogy between two different things, you are comparing them because you want to make a concept easier to understand.
"In general (but not always), such arguments belong in the category of inductive reasoning, since their conclusions do not follow with certainty but are only supported with varying degrees of strength".
There is a difference between superficial analogies and profound analogies. Two things might look alike, but work quite differently, or they might look different, but work in ways like each other. Most effort is put into finding profound analogies which teach us something worth knowing. As another philosopher puts is:
"The goal has been to find the formal criteria that distinguish good from bad analogical inference. These efforts have met with mixed success, at best".
Mario Bunge sees analogy as a main way of getting new hypotheses which can be tested. He points out that analogies may be based on similarities in behaviour, or in structure.
Famous examples
The parables of Jesus are analogies. For instance, in the parable of the sower the analogy of the seed falling on good ground is to "such as hear the word, and receive it, and bring forth fruit".
Charles Darwin chose the term "natural selection" as an analogy with the selection of domesticated animals and plants. The artificial selection of breeds of pigeons was one of his favourite studies.
References
Other websites and references
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Medieval Theories of Analogy.
Chalmers, D.J. et al. (1991). Chalmers, D.J., French, R.M., Hofstadter, D., High-Level Perception, Representation, and Analogy.
Gentner, D., Holyoak, K.J., Kokinov, B. (Eds.) (2001). The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press,
Itkonen, E. (2005). Analogy as Structure and Process. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Juthe, A. (2005). "Argument by Analogy", in Argumentation (2005) 19: 1-27.
Holyoak, K.J., and Thagard, P. (1995). Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, .
Holyoak, K.J., and Thagard, P. (1997). The Analogical Mind.
Lamond, G. (2006). Precedent and Analogy in Legal Reasoning, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Logic
Literary terms
Great Western Railway (train operating company)

First Great Western, is a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup, which has services in the west and south west of England and South Wales. It also runs the Night Riviera overnight train between London and Penzance.
Near the end of January 2010, First Great Western said that an PS8,000,000 refresh programme to their fleet of Class 166 Turbo DMU trains would happen. In February 2021, GWR announced to purchase Class 319 "FLEX" units to replace the 158, 387, 165 and 166.
History
The company began operating on 4 February 1996 as Great Western Trains, as part of the privatisation of British Rail, and in December 1998 became First Great Western after FirstGroup bought the company. On 1 April 2006, First Great Western Link and Wessex Trains were combined into First Great Western. On 20 September 2015, FirstGroup started to operate an extended franchise that is due to run until 30 March 2019.</p>
Train services
First Great Western runs most passenger train services on the Great Western main line.
Rolling stock
119 Class 43 for 52 High Speed Train and 1 Castle set
4 British Rail Class 57 diesel locomotives
8 British Rail Class 143 Pacer sets
19 British Rail Class 150 Sprinter sets
12 British Rail Class 153 Super-Sprinter sets
16 British Rail Class 158 Express Sprinter sets
36 British Rail Class 165 Network Turbo sets
21 British Rail Class 166 Network Express Turbo
45 British Rail Class 387 Electrostar sets
57 British Rail Class 800 "InterCity Express Trains" sets
Related pages
Great Western Railway
References
|-
|-
First Group railway companies
1996 establishments in England
Berit Berthelsen

Berit Berthelsen ( Toien, 25 April 1944 - 13 February 2022) was a Norwegian athlete. She represented IL Tyrving. He also was part of the national team. She was known for participating in long jump and sprints events. She finished seventh at the 1964 Summer Olympics and ninth at the 1968 Summer Olympics. She won a bronze medal at the 1969 European Athletics Championships.
Berthelsen died on 13 February 2022, at the age of 77.
References
1944 births
2022 deaths
Norwegian athletes
Long jumpers
Norwegian Olympians
Sprinters
Imrali

Imrali is an island in the Marmara Sea in Turkey. There is only a jail in the island and no other buildings. Abdullah Ocalan is imprisoned there since 1999. Adnan Menderes the former prime minister of Turkey was executed there in 1961.
Islands of Turkey
Prisons in Asia
Corps de ballet

The corps de ballet are a group of dancers in a ballet company who are not soloists. They perform as a group (the Flowers in the "Waltz of the Flowers" from The Nutcracker, for example) and at other times as a backdrop for the soloists (the peasants in the mad scene from Giselle).
Ballet terminology
Befotaka

Befotaka is a town in Atsimo-Atsinanana Region in south-eastern Madagascar. It is near the Itomampy river.
Geography of Madagascar
Epistle to Philemon

The Epistle to Philemon is the fifty-seventh book in the Christian Bible, and the eighteenth in the New Testament. Almost everyone agrees that letter was written by the Saint Paul to Philemon. It is the shortest of Paul's letters, consisting of only 335 words in the Greek text.
Why Paul wrote the letter
Paul wrote this letter on behalf of Onesimus, who may have been a runaway slave who had wronged his owner Philemon. We don't know what Onesimus had done, but perhaps he ran away after stealing money. Paul says in verse 18 that if Onesimus owes anything, Philemon should charge it to Paul's account. It is thought that Philemon lived in Colossae; in the letter to the Colossians, Onesimus (the slave who fled from Philemon) and Archippus (whom Paul greets in the letter to Philemon) are said to be members of the church there.
Paul says that Onesimus has been very helpful to him while he was in prison in Rome. He would like for Philemon to free him and send him back to Rome. Paul says that Philemon should receive him not as a slave but as a brother. Paul did not seem to think that Onesimus should be punished, even though Roman law allowed the owner of a runaway slave to punish or even kill them.
Importance
Some see this letter as a step towards thinking of slaves as fully human. Before Paul, Ruden argues, a slave was considered subhuman, and entitled to no more consideration than an animal. Others think that Paul and the early Christians should have done more to combat the evil of slavery. In history, some Christians used the book to justify slavery. Pope Benedict XVI refers to this letter in the Encyclic, Spe salvi, to tell of the power of Christianity to improve society. He says that Christianity was very important to the large decrease of slavery during the Middle Ages and after.
References
Notes
Pauline epistles
New Testament books
Sushil Kumar Modi

Sushil Kumar Modi (born 5 January 1952) is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party who is serving as Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar since 27 July 2017. Previously he was Deputy CM along with Finance Minister of Bihar from 2005 to 2013. He is a lifelong member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. He was appointed the Chairman of the Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers for the Implementation of Goods and Service Tax in July 2011.
Early life
Sushil Modi was born on 5 January 1952 in a Marwari (Vaishya Bania) family. His father was Moti Lal Modi and his mother was Ratna Devi. He has done BSc from B N College, Patna. He graduated Patna Science College and did Botany Hons in 1973. Later he left MSc Botany Course in Patna University, to join social movement started by Jai Prakash Narayan.
Political career
In 1990, he joined active politics and successfully contested from Patna Central Assembly (now known as Kumhrar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)). He was re-elected in 1995 & 2000. In 1990, he was made the Chief Whip of the BJP Bihar Legislature Party. From 1996 till 2004 he was the Leader of Opposition in the State Assembly. He filed the Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Patna High Court against Lalu Prasad Yadav, which was later known as Fodder Scam. He became a member of Lok Sabha in 2004 representing the constituency of Bhagalpur.
He was the Minister for Parliamentary Affairs in a short lived Nitish Kumar government in 2000. He supported the formation of the State of Jharkhand.
In 2005 Bihar election, NDA came to power and Modi was elected the leader of Bihar BJP Legislature Party. He subsequently resigned from the Lok Sabha and took over as the Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar. He was given the Finance Portfolio along with a number of other departments. After NDA victory in 2010 Bihar elections, he continued to be the Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar. Modi did not contest the 2005 and 2010 Bihar Assembly elections to be able to campaign for BJP.
In 2017, Sushil Modi was the main player behind the fall of the JDU-RJD Grand Alliance government in Bihar, with his continuous tirade against RJD chief Lalu Prasad and his family for four months over his alleged benami properties and irregular financial transactions.
Positions held
References
Other websites
Official Contact Details of Sushil Modi
1952 births
Living people
Bihari politicians
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians
Triathlon

A triathlon is a sport that consists of three different events one after another without resting in between. Usually, they are swimming, cycling, and running. Triathlon has been in the Olympic Games since 2000. One of the hardest and most famous triathlons is the Ironman Triathlon, which involves swimming two miles, biking a hundred miles, and then running a marathon.
Events in athletics
List of New World monkey species

New World monkeys are all simian primates. They are endemic to South and Central America.
Taxon classification
To learn what a Taxon Classification is, see Taxonomy (biology).
Infraorder Simiiformes
Parvorder Platyrrhini - New World monkeys
Family Callitrichidae: marmosets and tamarins
Genus Callithrix
Genus Mico
Genus Callibella
Genus Cebuella
Genus Leontopithecus: lion tamarins
Genus Saguinus
Genus Callimico
Family Cebidae: capuchins and squirrel monkeys
Genus Cebus: capuchins
Genus Saimiri: squirrel monkeys
Family Aotidae: night or owl monkeys, also called douroucoulis
Genus Aotus
Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris
Subfamily Callicebinae
Genus Callicebus
Subfamily Pitheciinae
Genus Pithecia
Genus Chiropotes
Genus Cacajao
Family Atelidae: howler, spider and woolly monkeys
Subfamily Alouattinae
Genus Alouatta
Subfamily Atelinae
Genus Ateles
Genus Brachyteles
Genus Lagothrix
Genus Oreonax
Key
Extant species
Family: Callitrichidae
Family: Cebidae
Family: Aotidae
Family Pitheciidae
Subfamily: Callicebinae
Subfamily: Pitheciidae
Family Atelidae
Subfamily: Alouattinae
Subfamily: Atelinae
Related pages
List of Old World monkey species
References
Notes
British Motor Corporation

In September 1965, BMC took control of its major suppliers (of bodies), Pressed Steel, acquiring Jaguar's body supplier in the process.
In September 1966, BMC merged with Jaguar Cars Limited.
On 14 December 1966, BMC changed its name to British Motor Holdings Limited or BMH.
BMH merged in May 1968 with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited, which made trucks and buses and were owners of Standard-Triumph International Limited, BMH becoming the major part of British Leyland Motor Corporation.
Organisation
References
Manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
The Globe Sessions

The Globe Sessions is the third studio album by Sheryl Crow and was released on 21 September, 1998 through A&M Records. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom, number 3 in Scotland and Canada, number 4 in Germany, number 5 in Switzerland and the United States, number 9 in Sweden, number 10 in Belgium and Norway, number 16 in New Zealand, number 18 in France, number 19 in Austria and number 52 in Australia. It won 2 Grammy Awards in 1999.
Track listing
On earlier versions of the album the track "Crash and Burn" contains the hidden track "Subway Ride", running 11:19, while omitting "Sweet Child o' Mine". Another version eliminates both "Subway Ride" and "Sweet Child o' Mine". The version of "Sweet Child o' Mine" included is the 'Rick Rubin New Mix', originally featured on the Big Daddy soundtrack and later included on Hits & Rarities, and also called the 'Pop Version' on the CD single. It differs from the 'Rock Version' used in the single music video. The European version features "Resuscitation" (Crow, Trott) as the twelfth track; the Japanese version contains the bonus tracks "Carolina" and "Resuscitation" (Crow, Trott). The Australian tour edition of the album (released in 1999) contains "Resuscitation", "Sweet Child o' Mine", and a bonus CD containing six songs recorded live at the Church of the Holy Trinity in Toronto, Canada on November 13, 1998:
References
1998 albums
Sheryl Crow albums
Giessen

Giessen or Giessen is a city in the German state of Hesse.
It is north of Frankfurt. Giessen has about
73,000 inhabitants. The university of Giessen has about 20,000 students.
The German word "Giessen" means "to pour" in English, as "to pour a glass of water." The city is on the banks of the Lahn River, and it is surrounded by many lakes and streams.
People from Giessen
Justus von Liebig (1803-1873), Chemist, Professor. The official name of the University of Giessen is named Justus Liebig University.
Fritz Heichelheim
Demis Nikolaidis
Martin Gindler, an important piano player. Has lived in North Carolina but currently resides in the Netherlands.
Samuel Adler, a well known rabbi in the United States, attended the University of Giessen[1]
Wilhelm Liebknecht, founder of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, was born on 29 March 1826 in Giessen.
Friedrich Kellner (1885-1970) was Chief Justice Inspector of Laubach, where he wrote the Friedrich Kellner Diary. He was also Chief Regional Auditor in Giessen. The University of Giessen has established the Kellner Project.
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen was professor of physics from 1879 until 1888 at the university of Giessen. After his death in 1923 his body was buried at the "Alte Friedhof".
Education
Universities in Giessen are the University of Giessen and the University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg
References
Other websites
Giessen (district)
The Flintstones: On the Rocks

The Flinstones On The Rocks is an American animated made-for-television comedy movie which aired on Cartoon Network from November 3, 2001. It was directed by Genndy Tartakovsky and David P. Smith and written by Dane Boedigheimer the also Annoying Orange
Other websites
Elvira, Iowa

Elvira is an unincorporated community of Iowa in the United States. It is in Clinton County.
Unincorporated communities in Iowa
Altha, Florida

Altha is a town in Florida in the United States.
Towns in Florida
Birgitta Rasmusson

Kerstin Birgitta Rasmusson, (4 September 1939 - 5 March 2021) was a Swedish television personality, baker and author. Between 2012 and 2019, she was a judge on Hela Sverige bakar, which was broadcast on TV4. She reprised the role for its celebrity version. Rasmusson was born in Ljungskile, Sweden.
Rasmusson died on 5 March 2021 in Stockholm, at the age of 81.
References
1939 births
2021 deaths
Swedish television personalities
Swedish writers
Bankers
Hasle bei Burgdorf

Hasle bei Burgdorf is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website of Hasle bei Burgdorf
Municipalities of Bern
Cookbook

A cookbook, or cookery book, is kind of book that tells people how to prepare food for eating using specific instructions called a recipe. Most cookbooks also have tips on how to eat and present the food as well. They usually list the ingredients needed, time needed to cook, and the instructions. They may give other tips too.
Books
Cooking
Henham

Henham is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1161 people living in Henham.
References
Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Mariko Okada

is a Japanese actress. She appeared in Mikio Naruse's Floating Clouds (1955) and Nagareru (1956). She also appeared in Shinji Aoyama's My God, My God, Why Hast Thou Forsaken Me? (2005).
She is married to director Yoshishige Yoshida.
References
1933 births
Living people
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Anton Graff

Anton Graff (18 November 1736 - 22 June 1813) was a Swiss painter, of the period called Classicism. He mostly did portrait painting. He was among the most important painters of his time.
1736 births
1813 deaths
Swiss painters
Williams Martínez

Williams Martinez (18 December 1982 - 17 July 2021) was a Uruguayan professional footballer who played as a defender. He made his Uruguayan debut in the 2003 Lunar New Year Cup.
Martinez died on July 17, 2021 of suicide, aged 38. At the time of his death, he was playing for Villa Teresa.
References
1982 births
2021 deaths
People who committed suicide
Footballers from Montevideo
Karen languages

The Karen languages are tonal languages spoken by the Karen people, who live in Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand. They are part of the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
References
Other websites
A non-profit web portal on the Karen peoples
The first and only Karen language news outlet online based in Mergui/Tavoy District of Kawthoolei
Tonal languages
Kate Lehrer

Kate Lehrer (born Kate Tom Staples; December 17, 1939) is an American writer, novelist and book reviewer. She was a panelist on the Diane Rehm Book Club on National Public Radio.
She is the widow of writer and journalist Jim Lehrer.
References
1939 births
Living people
American novelists
Writers from Texas
Writers from Washington, D.C.
People from Waco, Texas
Ralph Eggleston

Ralph Eggleston (October 18, 1965 - August 28, 2022) was an American animator, art director, storyboard artist, writer, movie director, and production designer. He worked at Pixar Animation Studios. He wrote and directed the Oscar-winning Pixar short movie For the Birds.
Eggleston died on August 28, 2022, at his San Rafael, California, home, from pancreatic cancer at the age of 56.
References
1965 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
American animators
American movie directors
American screenwriters
Writers from Louisiana
Kamuta Latasi

Sir Kamuta Latasi (born September 4, 1936) is a Tuvaluan politician. He was elected to the Parliament of Tuvalu in 1992. Latasi was the 4th Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1993 until 1996. He was the Speaker of parliament from 2006 to September 2010 and again from December 2010 to March 2014.
References
1936 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Tuvalu
Governors-General of Tuvalu
Cleveland, Tennessee

Cleveland is a city in Tennessee in the United States. It is the county seat of Bradley County.
Cities in Tennessee
County seats in Tennessee
Roberto Mussi

Roberto Mussi (born 25 August, 1963) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1981-82||rowspan="4"|Massese||rowspan="2"|Interregionale||22||0
|-
|1982-83||28||0
|-
|1983-84||rowspan="2"|Serie C2||28||0
|-
|1984-85||5||0
|-
|1984-85||rowspan="2"|Parma||Serie B||16||0
|-
|1985-86||Serie C1||34||0
|-
|1986-87||Pavia||Serie C2||38||0
|-
|1987-88||rowspan="2"|Milan||rowspan="2"|Serie A||11||0
|-
|1988-89||19||0
|-
|1989-90||rowspan="5"|Torino||Serie B||34||2
|-
|1990-91||rowspan="4"|Serie A||18||0
|-
|1991-92||25||1
|-
|1992-93||29||2
|-
|1993-94||23||0
|-
|1994-95||rowspan="5"|Parma||rowspan="5"|Serie A||28||0
|-
|1995-96||32||2
|-
|1996-97||28||0
|-
|1997-98||20||0
|-
|1998-99||17||0
455||7
455||7
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||5||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||4||0
|-
!Total||11||0
|}
References
1963 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Planck (spacecraft)

Planck was a space observatory operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) from 2009 to 2013.
It mapped the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infra-red frequencies, with high sensitivity and small angular resolution.
The mission improved on observations made by the NASA Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). Planck provided a major source of information about cosmology and astrophysics. It tested theories of the early Universe and the origin of cosmic structure.
Since the end of its mission, Planck has made the most precise measurements of several key numbers. These include the average density of ordinary matter and dark matter in the Universe, and the age of the universe. Planck is now switched off.
References
Spacecrafts launched in 2000s
2009 in Europe
2013 disestablishments
Space telescopes
History of video game consoles (third generation)

The third generation of video game consoles began on July 15, 1983. The third generation began with the release of the Nintendo Family Computer, or better known as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and Sega SG-1000. This generation helped end the North American video crash of 1983. This resulted in a shift from the United States to Japan as the leading country for home video games. In the third generation the displays changed from single-screen (or flip-screen) graphics to scrolling graphics.
The best-selling console of this generation was the NES/Famicom. This was followed by the Sega Master System and the Atari 7800. The NES/Famicom system remained the best-selling home console until the PlayStation in 1996. Some of the consoles in the third generation used 8-bit processors. However, systems like the Mega Drive/Genesis used 16-bit processors. The NES/Famicom system was the most popular video game console in the United States. Jack Ivan Booth was the founder of the Atari 7800. Due to inflation of the USD $ this is worth a lot more now.
Home systems
Comparison
Sales comparison
Sales comparison
Handheld systems
Nintendo's Game & Watch was very popular in the third generation. It continued to do so until 1991, when it was discontinued.
Popular games
Super Mario Bros.
The Legend of Zelda
Dragon Quest
Final Fantasy
Mega Man 2
Metal Gear
References
Video game consoles
Scrapie

Scrapie is a fatal disease that affects the nervous system of sheep and goats. It is similar to Mad cow disease which affects cattle. Scrapie was first described in 1732. Much like with mad cow disease, prions seem to be involved in transmitting it.
Animal diseases
Naoki Yamada

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Yamada was born in Saitama on July 4, 1990. He joined J1 League club Urawa Reds from their youth team in 2008. Although he played many matches until 2011, he could hardly play in the match from 2012. In 2015, he moved to Shonan Bellmare on loan. He played many matches for Shonan. However Shonan was relegated to J2 League end of the 2016 season. In 2017, Shonan won the champions and was returned to J1 from 2018 in a year. In 2018, he returned to Urawa Reds. However there were few opportunities to play and he moved to Shonan Bellmare again in July 2019.
In August 2007, Yamada was selected Japan U-17 national team for 2007 U-17 World Cup. He wore the "number 10" shirt for Japan and played full time in all 3 matches. On May 27, 2009, he debuted for the Japan national team against Chile. He played 2 games for Japan until 2010.
Statistics
|-
|2008||rowspan="7"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="7"|J1 League||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2009||20||1||1||0||5||2||26||3
|-
|2010||3||0||0||0||1||0||4||0
|-
|2011||18||1||4||0||6||0||28||1
|-
|2012||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2013||4||0||1||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2014||2||0||1||0||2||0||5||0
|-
|2015||rowspan="3"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="2"|J1 League||17||1||2||1||4||1||23||3
|-
|2016||11||2||3||2||2||0||16||4
|-
|2017||J2 League||39||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||40||5
|-
|2018||rowspan="2"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="2"|J1 League||3||0||1||1||4||0||8||1
|-
|2019||1||0||1||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2019||rowspan="3"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="3"|J1 League||9||1||0||0||0||0||9||1
|-
|2020||16||1||colspan="2"|-||2||1||18||2
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||
146||12||15||4||28||4||189||20
146||12||15||4||28||4||189||20
|}
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
|2010||1||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}
References
Other websites
1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Shonan Bellmare players
Ciwan Haco

Ciwan Haco (born 1957) is a Kurdish singer. He was born near Qamishlo in Syria. After finishing high school, he left for Germany in order to continue his studies. He studied music at the University of Bochum for three years. After university, he started his career as a singer. He combined Kurdish folk music with western style pop music, rock, blues, and jazz. He has released 14 albums. He become well known on the Kurdish music scene after he sang for more than 200.000 people in Batman, south Turkey, in 2003. Haco lives in Sweden with his wife. He has two children, Lorin, 7, and Rosa, 5.
1957 births
Living people
Kurdish people
Singers
The Last Warrior (2000 movie)

The Last Warrior is a 2000 Israeli American science fiction action movie directed by Sheldon Lettich and starring Dolph Lundgren, Juliano Mer, Sherri Alexander, Ze'ev Revach, Chanan Elias, Rebecca Cross.
Other websites
2000 action movies
2000 science fiction movies
American action movies
American science fiction movies
Israeli movies
Movies directed by Sheldon Lettich
Movies set in Israel
Movies about nuclear war and weapons
Oceania Football Confederation

The Oceania Football Confederation, often referred to as just OFC , is the organization that controls Oceania football (soccer).
New Zealand is the OFC's biggest federation.
Since Australia left the OFC in 2006 to join the AFC, the members of the OFC are:
American Samoa
Cook Islands
Fiji
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Samoa
Tahiti
Tonga
Vanuatu
Related pages
OFC Nations Cup
Other websites
Oceania Football Confederation Official Site
Football organizations
1966 establishments in Oceania
Football in Oceania
António Francisco dos Santos

Antonio Francisco dos Santos (21 February 1948 - 11 September 2017) was a Roman Catholic bishop.
He was ordain to the priesthood in 1972, dos served as auxiliary bishop of the Archbishop of Braga, Portugal, from 2004 to 2006. He then served as bishop of the Diocese of Aviero from 2006 to 2014 and as bishop of the Diocese of Porto from 2014 until his death.
dos Santos died of a heart attack in Porto, Portugal on 11 September 2017 at the age of 69.
References
1948 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Portuguese Roman Catholic bishops