pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
12 BC

Year 12 BC was either a common year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Messalla and Quirinius.
Events
Tiberius Claudius Nero is called to Pannonia because of fighting by the Delmataeians.
First official mention of Argentoratum, the city known in modern times as Strasbourg
Emperor Augustus is given the title Pontifex Maximus
Approximate date - Pyramid of Cestius built in Rome
Beginning of Kushan Empire in India
Comet Halley makes an appearance
Births
Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus, member of the Roman Senate (d. AD 20)
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Postumus, son of Julia the Elder and grandson of Augustus (d. AD 14)
Deaths
King Azes II
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, statesman, general (b. c. 63 BC)
Propertius, poet (b. c. 50-45 BC)
Musson

Musson is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 4232 people lived there.
It is at .
References
Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)
Louga Region

Louga is a region in the northwest of Senegal. The regional capital is Louga.
As of the 2013 census, 835,325 people lived there. It has an area of .
Departements
There are three departements:
Kebemer Departement
Linguere Departement
Louga Departement
Regions of Senegal
Brian Anderson (sportscaster)

Brian Anderson is a broadcaster currently with the Milwaukee Brewers telecasts. He also calls baseball games on TBS and occasionally on Fox Sports.
He called Litte League Baseball, and Minor League Baseball games on ESPN as well as the San Antonio Missions. In addition to baseball, Anderson was the sideline reporter for San Antonio Spurs telecasts and worked for Golf Channel as a play by play announcer. He handles college basketball games on the Big Ten Network. He joined CBS in 2012 for NCAA basketball tournaments. He previously called college basketball games on Fox Sports Net and ESPN. In addition, Anderson added college football duties in 2012 on BTN along with college basketball. He calls college basketball for Fox College Hoops and NBA games for TNT. In 2012, Anderson was named host for TNT's coverage of PGA Grand Slam of Golf.
References
Living people
1971 births
College basketball broadcasters
College football broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Breaking Hearts

Breaking Hearts is the eighteenth studio album by British singer-songwriter Elton John, released in 1984. It features the quartet of John, Davey Johnstone, Dee Murray and Nigel Olsson. There were two hit singles from the album: the US #5 hit "Sad Songs (Say So Much)" and the UK No. 5 hit "Passengers".
This was the last studio album until 2001's Songs from the West Coast to feature Olsson on drums. It was also the last where John played both piano and keyboards in the studio solo. There was a backup keyboard player for each album moving forward.
Breaking Hearts was also the first album since Victim of Love not to feature a string or horn section on any track. This is one of only two albums with John's classic band where Ray Cooper was not part of the lineup, the other being 1973's Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player. Shortly after the tour, the band's line-up would change and Gus Dudgeon, John's former producer, produced the next two albums. In the United States it was certified gold in September 1984 and platinum in August 1998 by the RIAA.
Elton John albums
1984 albums
Norris, Tennessee

Norris is a city in Anderson County, Tennessee, United States.
Cities in Tennessee
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth

James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC (9 April 1649 - 15 July 1685) was an English nobleman. He was the oldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England.
1649 births
1685 deaths
English Dukes
Keith Jobling

Keith Jobling (26 March 1934 - 20 September 2020) was an English professional footballer. He was born in New Waltham, Lincolnshire.
He made 450 appearances in the Football League as a centre half for Grimsby Town. After leaving Grimsby he joined Boston United, first as a player and then as a manager.
Jobling died on 20 September 2020, at the age of 86.
References
1934 births
2020 deaths
English footballers
Sportspeople from Lincolnshire
English football managers
Lydia Hearst

Lydia Marie Hearst-Shaw is an American fashion model, actress, and lifestyle blogger. She is a granddaughter of William Randolph.
References
Living people
Models from Connecticut
Centre Étienne Desmarteau

The Centre Etienne Desmarteau is situated on 3430 Bellechasse street in Montreal, Canada. Built in 1976, the Center includes two ice rinks, a room for the gymnastics and a gymnasium. It was the site of the basketball competitions during the Olympics of Montreal of 1976.
The center is named in honour of Olympian Etienne Desmarteau, a Canadian athlete during the 1904 Summer Olympics.
The center is the official home of the Montreal Stars, a team of the Canadian Women's Hockey League and Montreal Mission a team of the National Ringette League. Furthermore, numerous amateur tournaments are held in it every year.
References
Indoor arenas
Montreal
Sports buildings in Canada
1976 establishments in North America
1970s establishments in Canada
List of soccer stadiums in Australia

This is a list of soccer stadiums in Australia.
Existing stadiums
Future stadiums
Stadiums that are still being built include:
References
Football stadiums
Football in Australia
Sports lists
Tannehill, Louisiana

Tannehill is an unincorporated community in Winn Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Unincorporated communities in Louisiana
Settlements in Winn Parish, Louisiana
Isabelle Collin Dufresne

Isabelle Collin Dufresne (stage name, Ultra Violet; 6 September 1935 - 14 June 2014) was a French-American artist, author, and former colleague and superstar of Andy Warhol. Earlier in her career, she worked for and studied with surrealist artist Salvador Dali. She lived and worked in New York City, and also had a studio in Nice, France.
Dufresne died on 14 June 2014 in New York City from cancer, aged 78.
References
Other websites
Official website
1935 births
2014 deaths
American artists
American movie actors
Cancer deaths in New York City
French artists
French movie actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes
Writers from New York City
Andy Warhol
Starving Time

The Starving Time at Jamestown in Virginia Colony was a period of starvation during the winter of 1609-1610. During this time, all but 60 of the 500 colonists died. Lack of rain and access to water had crippled the agricultural production during the summer. Also, the water that the colonists drank was brackish and only drinkable half the year.
According to historical accounts, the colonists ate dogs, snakes, cats, rats, horses, books and shoe leather through the winter. There is forensic evidence of at least one instance of cannibalism. The remains of a teenage girl ( 1595-1609), named "Jane" by researchers, showed signs of being butchered (cut up for eating). Examination of Jane's shin bone indicates she was probably 14 years old at the time of her death. Based on studies of the isotopes in a tooth, she was probably from southern England. She was possibly the daughter of a gentleman or a maid in a gentleman's home because she had consumed generous amounts of protein (meat). Jane likely arrived in Virginia in August 1609.
It is almost certain Jane was removed from her grave before being butchered and eaten. She was not murdered. In 1625, George Percy, president of Jamestown during the starvation period, wrote that the hunger was so intense "thatt notheinge was Spared to mainteyne Lyfe and to doe those things which seame incredible, as to digge upp deade corpes outt of graves and to eate them." Five other accounts refer to cannibalism during the bitter winter.
Only 10 percent of Jane's remains have been recovered by researchers. The remains were found about 2.5 feet (0.8 m) down in a trash pit in the cellar of a building built in 1608 inside the James Fort site. Historical accounts indicate cannibalism was widespread at Jamestown during the winter. Modern historians were reluctant to credit these accounts without other evidence. Jane however is the first forensic evidence that confirms the existence of the practice during that winter.
References
Other websites
New Discoveries at Jamestown by John L. Cotter and J. Paul Hudson, (1957) at Project Gutenberg
History of Virginia
Cannibalism
1609
1610
Lesley Stahl

Lesley Rene Stahl (born December 16, 1941) is an American television journalist. Since 1991, she has reported for CBS on 60 Minutes.
Stahl was born in Lynn, Massachusetts. She was raised in Swampscott, Massachusetts.
References
Other websites
CBS biography
NNDb entry for Lesley Stahl
Lesley Stahl at wowOwow
1941 births
Living people
American journalists
Writers from Massachusetts
People from Lynn, Massachusetts
Aussurucq

Aussurucq is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Aussurucq
Protea inopina

Protea inopina also called Large-nut Sugarbush is a flowering shrub belonging to the well-known Protea genus. The plant is endemic to the Western Cape, rare, extremely isolated and occurs only in the Olifants River Mountains near Palace Hill. The plant grows 1 m tall and has many stems. It blooms from September to December.
The plant sprouts again after it has burned. The seeds are stored in a shell and spread by the wind. The plant is unisexual. Pollination takes place through the action of birds. The plant grows in sandstone soil at altitudes of 600 - 650 m.
In Afrikaans it is known as the Groottolsuikerbos.
References
http://pza.sanbi.org/protea-inopina
http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=799-60
https://www.proteaatlas.org.za/sugar6.htm
https://biodiversityexplorer.info/plants/proteaceae/protea_inopina.htm
The Tigress

The Tigress () is a 1992 German erotic drama movie directed by Karin Howard and was based on the novel by Walter Serner. It stars James Remar, Valentina Vargas, George Peppard.
Other websites
1992 drama movies
1990s erotic movies
German drama movies
Movies based on books
Kimberley Kitching

Kimberley Jane Elizabeth Kitching (16 February 1970 - 10 March 2022) was an Australian politician, lawyer, and trade unionist. He was a member of the Labor Party. She was a Senator for Victoria from October 2016 until her death. Kitching was born in Brisbane, Australia.
Kitching died from a possible heart attack in Strathmore, Australia, on 10 March 2022, less than a month after her 52nd birthday.
References
1970 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Australian lawyers
Trade unionists
Politicians from Brisbane
Politicians from Victoria (Australia)
The Osmonds

The Osmonds are an American family singing group. They have had a long and varied career. They sung barbershop music as children, got success as teen-music idols, produced a hit television show. They have continued as solo and group performers.
The Osmonds are Mormons: devout members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Their religious values have influenced their careers. The Osmonds children are (from the oldest to the youngest), Virl, Tom, Alan, Wayne, Merrill, Jay, Donny, Marie, and Jimmy Osmond.
Virl and Tom (who are twins born in 1945) were born nearly completely deaf. The two took up tap-dancing to perform in the group to make up for the fact that they could not sing. Tom eventually did perform as a full-time member of the Osmonds, however, Virl did not and Virl is the only non-performing Osmond child.
Donny and Marie Osmond once hosted a show in the 1970s called Donny and Marie. Donny is a former judge on dancing with the stars.
Wayne Osmond is a Cancer activist. Wayne suffered from a Brain tumour during the 1990s and 2000s.
References
1958 establishments in the United States
1950s American music groups
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American boy bands
Musical groups from Utah
People from Provo, Utah
Musical groups established in 1958
20th-century establishments in Utah
Arrow Dynamics

Arrow Dynamics was an American manufacturing and engineering company that specialized in designing and building amusement parks, especially roller coasters.
Roller coasters
Denmead

Denmead is a village in Hampshire near Portsmouth, England. It is part of the City of Winchester district. At the 2011 Census the population had increased to 6,736.
References
Villages in Hampshire
Manual labour

Manual labor is labor done "by hand". This means that it is physical work done by people. Examples of labor that is not manual include work done by machines, work done by animals, or work that is more focused on thinking, planning, or giving information to other people. While manual labor is often done with the hands, it does not always have to be--crushing grapes by walking on them is also an example of manual labor.
References
Employment
Dorothée Pousséo

Dorothee Pousseo (born on February 13, 1979 in Paris, France) is a French voice actress.
She is known for being the official French voice of actresses such as Margot Robbie, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, Brittany Murphy; as well as cartoon characters like Diane in Martin Mystery, Dee Dee in Dexter's Laboratory, and Mandy in The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy.
Biography
Pousseo started acting when she was 8 years old, when she appeared in the play Le Malade Imaginaire with French actor Michel Bouquet.
In May 2023, she tells the media Eklecty-City that she was particularly marked by the dubbing of the film Ray. She lends her voice to the actress Sharon Warren, who plays the mother of Ray Charles in the flashbacks. She explains that the actress had such strength in her that she didn't know where to draw from to honor her interpretation.
References
Other websites
Official weblisting
Dorothee Pousseo on RS Doublage
French voice actors
Child actors
1979 births
Actors from Paris
Living people
Saint-Martin-Lars-en-Sainte-Hermine

Saint-Martin-Lars-en-Sainte-Hermine is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
References
Communes in Vendee
Cancuén

Cancuen is an archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, It can be found in the Pasion subregion of the central Maya lowlands. It is located in the present-day Guatemalan Department of El Peten. The city is famous because it has one of the largest palaces in the Maya world.
Ancient Cancuen
Cancuen was a major city during the Classic Period. It reached its peak during the seventh century A.D. The city was a major trade center. Especially jade, pyrite and obsidian were traded there. Its strategic position on the Rio Pasion helped it dominate trade in the region. Tajal Chan Ahk, one of the city's most powerful rulers, built the city's palace in 770 A.D. The palace covered nearly 23,000 square meters and contained 200 rooms, making it the largest in the Maya area. The city had two ball courts, a large marketplace and a dock on La Pasion River. There are only few large temples or burial sites in the city; it is thought that the inhabitants of Cancuen worshipped and buried their dead in the mountains near the city. Several dozen bodies dressed in royal garments were discovered near the base of the central pyramid. Investigations have shown that the bodies, including the city's ruler at the time, Kan Maax, had been executed and dumped in a cistern. The massacre occurred around 800 A.D., at the time when the Mayan civilization collapsed.
References
Other websites
Maya Palace Uncovered
National Geographic: Archaeologist Uncover Maya "Masterpiece" in Guatemala
Photo Gallery and Site description
Archaeological sites in Guatemala
Maya civilization
Goosebumps

Goosebumps is a collection of children's horror fiction books written by R. L. Stine.
The Goosebumps series sometimes contained too much violence, so some American libraries disagreed with having the books there; the novels were fifteenth on the American Library Association's list of most frequently challenged books from 1990 to 1999.
After the series, many different spinoffs were made, also written by Stine, including Give Yourself Goosebumps and Goosebumps: Series 2000 which appeared in 1995 and 1998.
Two board games were created after the Goosebumps series, these were called "Terror in the Graveyard" and "Escape from Horrorland". a 1996 PC game was also produced, entitled Goosebumps: Escape from Horrorland.
Front covers and most other Goosebumps-related art was done by artist Tim Jacobus, while the covers for the later Give Yourself Goosebumps series were digitally created by Craig White.
In 2015, a movie based on the book was released starring Jack Black as R. L. Stine.
References
Children's books
Fiction books
Ceiling balloon

A ceiling balloon is used by meteorologists to determine the height of the base of clouds above ground level during daylight hours. The principle behind the ceiling balloon is a balloon with a known ascent rate (how fast it climbs) and determining how long the balloon rises until it disappears into the cloud. Ascent rates yield the ceiling height.
Meteorology
Paraguay at the Olympics

Paraguay at the Olympics is a history which includes 11 games in 10 countries and 90+ athletes. Since 1970, the Paraguay has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Paraguay is PAR.
History
The Paraguay National Olympic Committee was formed in 1970. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1970.
Paraguay's team first competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.
Paraguay athletes have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1968, except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.
The nation has only ever won one medal, the silver medal in the men's football in Athens.
Medalists
Summer
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
References
Other websites
http://cid.csd.gob.es/es/directorio/comites-olimpicos-de-iberoamerica/119-comites-olimpicos-de-iberoamerica/61-comite-olimpico-paraguayo
Paraguay profile at London2012.com
Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
2016 World Series

The 2016 World Series was the 112th edition of the World Series, the championship round of Major League Baseball. It was played between the Chicago Cubs of the National League and the Cleveland Indians of the American League. Both were seeking to end their own long-standing droughts, as the Indians hadn't won a World Series title since 1948, and the Cubs had the longest drought in American sports history, as they hadn't won it since 1908. The Cubs defeated the Indians in seven games after trailing in the series three games to one, to win their first World Series title in 108 years.
The Indians took the first game with a 6-0 victory, in which Indians' starter Corey Kluber pitched six plus shutout innings. The Cubs evened the series, winning 5-1. And then the series shifted to Wrigley field for the next three games. The Indians took a three games to one series lead after winning games 4 and 5 by respective scores of 1-0 and 7-2. The Cubs, however, sent the series back to Cleveland, winning game 5 by a score of 3-2. Game 5 was notable for Aroldis Chapman pitching 2 2/3 scoreless innings to get the save. The Cubs would then force Game 7 with a 9-3 blowout win in Game 6.
Game 7 would go down as a classic, with comparisons to 1960, 1991, and 2001 regarding the game's intensity. Dexter Fowler led off the game with a home run. But the Indians would tie the game in the bottom of the third inning. The Cubs then jumped out to a 5-1 lead, but then a David Ross error followed by a wild pitch allowed the Indians to cut the lead to 5-3. Ross, however, hit a home run in the top of the sixth inning to make it 6-3 Cubs. In the bottom of the eighth inning, Brandon Guyer cut the lead to 6-4 with a run-scoring double. And then Rajai Davis tied the game at 6-6 with a two-run home run. After nine innings, there was a rain delay which lasted for 17 minutes before play resumed. In the top of the tenth, the Cubs broke the tie with RBI hits from Ben Zobrist and Miguel Montero, making the score 8-6. In the bottom of the inning, Carl Edward Jr. retired the first two but then walked Guyer and allowed an RBI single from Davis, making the score 8-7. Mike Montgomery then retired Michael Martinez for the final out. The Cubs thereby won the Series, ending their 108-year championship drought.
World Series
2016 in sports
Chicago Cubs
Cleveland Indians
2016 in Chicago
2010s in Ohio
2010s in Illinois
21st century in Cleveland
Eibar

Eibar (; ) is a city and municipality within the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Basque Country in Spain. It is home to football team SD Eibar.
References
Cities in the Basque Country
Municipalities in the Basque Country
Maglev train

Maglev trains (short form of magnetic levitation) are a very fast type of high-speed rail. Magnetic levitation is a technology that uses magnetic fields to make the train move. These fields lift the train a small distance above the tracks and move the train. They are much faster than regular trains. A transcontinental "maglev" trip from Toronto to Vancouver might take three hours. This trip takes three days on a regular train. Some day, people may be able to travel faster across land on a "maglev" train than they would in an airliner. The highest known speed of a "maglev" train is This was done in Japan in 2015. As of 2019, a few lines, only a few km or miles long, are carrying passengers in China, South Korea, and Japan.
A maglev train does not have an engine. The trains are powered by a magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track. There are three parts to this system:
a large electrical power source
metal coils lining a guideway (track)
large guidance magnets attached to the under side of the train.
With magnets, opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary and they can be turned on and off and reversed.
The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage. This repulsion lifts the train 1 to 10 centimeters ( 0.4 to 4 inches) above the guideway. Once the train is lifted, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls. This creates a system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. The alternating current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly changing the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.
"Maglev" trains float on a magnetic cushion, which reduces friction. The trains have an aerodynamic design. This allows them to reach speeds of more than 310 mph (500 kph), or twice as fast as Amtrak's fastest commuter train. In comparison, an airliner used for long-range flights can reach a top speed of about 560 mph (900 kph).
Germany and Japan are both developing "maglev" trains, and both are currently testing prototypes. The German company, "Transrapid International", also has a train in commercial use. Although based on similar ideas, the German and Japanese trains have distinct differences. German engineers have developed an "electromagnetic suspension" (EMS) system, called "Transrapid". In this system, the bottom of the train wraps around a steel guideway. Electromagnets under the train are directed up toward the guideway, which lifts the train about 1/3 of an inch (1 centimeter) above the guideway. This lifts the train even when it's not moving. Other guidance magnets in the train's body keep it stable during travel. The Transrapid maglev train can reach 300 mph (490 kph) with passengers.
References
High-speed trains
Deezer D

Dearon Thompson (March 10, 1965 - January 7, 2021), known professionally as Deezer D, was an American actor, rapper, and motivational speaker. Thompson was born in Los Angeles, California. He was best known for his role as Nurse Malik McGrath in the American medical television series ER. He was also in the movies CB4 and Fear of a Black Hat.
Thompson died on January 7, 2021 at the age of 55.
References
Other websites
1965 births
2021 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Rappers from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Philippe Pottier

Philippe Pottier (9 July 1938 - 22 September 1985) was a Swiss footballer. He played as a midfielder. He played for club sides La Chaux-de-Fonds, Stade Francais, Angers, Servette and Etoile Carouge. He played 16 games for the national team. He played for Switzerland at the 1962 FIFA World Cup. He was born in Monthey.
Pottier died on 22 September 1985, at the age of 47.
References
Other websites
1938 births
1985 deaths
1962 FIFA World Cup players
Swiss footballers
Narinder Singh Kapany

Narinder Singh Kapany (; 31 October 1926 - 4 December 2020) was an Indian-born American physicist. He was known for his work in fibre optics. He was named as one of the seven "Unsung Heroes" by Fortune. He was known as "Father of Fiber Optics".
The term fibre optics was created by Singh Kapany in 1956. He was IOFS officer.
Singh Kapany died on 4 December 2020 in California, aged 94.
References
1926 births
2020 deaths
Indian philanthropists
Indian businesspeople
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from California
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Bob Kulick

Robert J. Kulick (January 16, 1950 - May 28, 2020) was an American rock/pop/jazz guitarist and record producer. He was born in New York City. He was best known for his studio work with Kiss and for his works with W.A.S.P.
Kulick died on May 28, 2020 in Las Vegas at the age of 70.
References
Other websites
"Bob Kulick Official MySpace Site"
1950 births
2020 deaths
American pop musicians
American rock guitarists
American jazz musicians
Record producers
Musicians from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Shin Don

Sin Don (sindon, Xin Tun ; 21 January 1322 - 21 August 1371) was a Korean Goryeo Dynasty scholar, politician, and Buddhist monk. His first name was Pyeonjo (pyeonjo, Bian Zhao ). a penname was Chunghangeosa (ceonghangeosa, Qing Xian Ju Shi ). His Chinese style name was Yogong (yogong, Yao Kong ). He was a teacher and advisor of king Gongmin of Goryeo.
References
Other websites
http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=101518
http://navercast.naver.com/contents.nhn?contents_id=2692
http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=560043
1322 births
1371 deaths
Korean educators
Korean politicians
Buddhists
Autobiographers
Westgate shopping mall attack

On 21 September 2013, ten gunmen attacked Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya. The attack lasted until 24 September. The attackers held hostages and later fought in gun battles with Kenyan security forces. A total of 72 people were killed, including 61 civilians, 6 Kenyan soldiers and 5 attackers. Over 200 people were injured.
The Islamist group al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the attack. It said that it was in retaliation for the Kenyan military's role in the Somali Civil War. Newly released intelligence report named Kenyan commander and chief in attack.
References
Al-Shabaab (militant group)
Attacks on buildings and structures in Africa
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 2010s
Attacks on shops
Islamic terrorist incidents in Africa
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2010s
Mass murder in Africa
Mass murder in the 2010s
2010s mass shootings in Africa
Murder in 2013
Nairobi
September events
Terrorist incidents in 2013
Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2010s
Sportsperson

A sportsperson, also known as sportsmen or sportswomen, is a person who is involved in sports. It may mean someone who is known for the promotion of sport or athletic activities.
A sportsperson can be a man or a woman who is person trained to compete or interested in a sport involving physical strength, speed or endurance. A sportsman is a player in a sport; but the term also means someone who plays sport in a way that shows respect and fairness towards the opposing player or team.
The term sportsman can also be used to describe a former competitor who continues to promote the sport in later years. For example, Tsunekazu Takeda is a sportsman who competed in two Summer Olympic Games and who was the President of the Japanese Olympic Committee before he was elected to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 2012.
Sportspeople may be professionals or amateurs. Sportsmen and sportswomen often have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise accompanied by a strict dietary regimen, but term is also used more broadly. For example, Hou Yifan was honored in 2011 as the best sportsperson of the year in a non-Olympic event.
The term athlete may be used as a synonym for sportspeople in general, but the word has strong connotations of people who compete in team sports, as contrasted with other sporting types such as horse riding and driving. For example, a fisherman may be called a sportsman, but not an athlete. In British English (as well as other variants in the Commonwealth) athlete can also have a more specific meaning of people who compete in traditional athletics (track and field) events.
Olympic games
The term "World's Greatest Athlete" was first to describe the sportsman Jim Thorpe in the 1912 Summer Olympics at Stockholm in Sweden. Thorpe won the gold medal in the decathlon. When King Gustav V of Sweden awarded Thorpe, he said, "You, sir, are the greatest athlete in the world."
The title of "World's Greatest Athlete" traditionally belongs to the world's top competitor in the decathlon (males) and heptathlon (females) in track and field. These competitions require an sportsman to possess the whole spectrum of athletic ability in order to be successful including speed, strength, coordination, jumping ability, and endurance.
Related pages
Olympic games
Arjuna Award
Sportsmanship
References
Sepp Maier

Sepp Maier (born 28 February 1944) is a former German football player. He played for Bayern Munich and the German national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest goalkeeper of all time.
Club career statistics
|-
|1962/63||rowspan="17"|Bayern Munich||Oberliga||4||0
|-
|1963/64||rowspan="2"|Regionalliga||24||0
|-
|1964/65||36||0
|-
|1965/66||rowspan="14"|Bundesliga||31||0
|-
|1966/67||34||0
|-
|1967/68||34||0
|-
|1968/69||34||0
|-
|1969/70||34||0
|-
|1970/71||34||0
|-
|1971/72||34||0
|-
|1972/73||34||0
|-
|1973/74||34||0
|-
|1974/75||34||0
|-
|1975/76||34||0
|-
|1976/77||34||0
|-
|1977/78||34||0
|-
|1978/79||34||0
537||0
537||0
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1966||3||0
|-
|1967||4||0
|-
|1968||5||0
|-
|1969||6||0
|-
|1970||9||0
|-
|1971||8||0
|-
|1972||7||0
|-
|1973||5||0
|-
|1974||12||0
|-
|1975||6||0
|-
|1976||6||0
|-
|1977||8||0
|-
|1978||12||0
|-
|1979||4||0
|-
!Total||95||0
|}
References
1944 births
Living people
German association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Pablo Martin Arteaga

Pablo Martin Arteaga (born September 27, 1965 in Valladolid) is a wheelchair basketball athlete from Spain. He has a physical disability: he is a 2.5 point wheelchair basketball player. He played wheelchair basketball at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. His team was third. They beat the United States 66-60 to finish third.
References
Living people
1965 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
Spanish wheelchair basketball players
1996 Summer Paralympics
2 point player
People from Valladolid
Manorial Lordship of Caldecote

Manorial Lordship of Caldecote or Lord of Manor of Caldecote is the ownership title of Caldecote Manor and its land, located in Newport, Pagnell, Buckinghamshire. It was introduced after the Norman Invasion. Urian Brereton was the first person to acquire this title. Paul G. Guppy holds the legal rights of the title as per the contract drawn up between him and the Manorial Counsel Limited on October 13, 2016, in compliance with the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925 (Hatton Solicitors).
History
Before the Battle of Hastings, Norman Invasion in 1066, Caldecote was Edeva the Fair. After the Norman Invasion, in 1085, William the Conqueror ordered the commission of the Domesday Book. It was published in 1086 and divided the English counties into 13,418 manors under the governance of Lord of Manor. During this time, Caldecote was under the ownership of Bishop of Chester. The Caldecote Manor was transferred to Herbert Ruffus of Walsall in 1166 and was then passed to William Rufus. It then descended through Margaret, William's daughter.
King Henry I granted the Lordship of Houghton Regis and Domesday manors to Dunstable Priory, the Priory Church of St Peter. King John supported the decision, and it resulted in an attack on gallows of the Priory at Eddesuthe by Eudo la Zouche, Lord of Cantelou. The Lords also broke open the Priory's jail at Caldecote.
Description
Manorial Lordship is not a title of nobility as per the modern British honours system and is related to property ownership. It is an ownership title that can be transferred, conveyed, and even sold. This title is inheritable by the Lord or Lady's child after their demise. The title is also referred to as the incorporeal hereditament as per the law.
Timeline
References
Adhesion

Adhesion is the process in which dissimilar particles stick together. In the case of similar particles, this effect is called cohesion. Adhesion results from the physical properties of the interface between two phases. The forces that result in adhesion are not fully known, there are different explanations. Five different types of adhesion have been proposed:
Mechanical adhesion: Adhesive materials fill the voids or pores, and interlock
Chemical adhesion: Where they join, two materials form a Chemical compound.
Dispersive adhesion: Two materials are held together by Van der Waals forces
Electrostatic adhesion: Two materials are held together by electrostatic charge
Diffusive adhesion: Two materials are held together with Atomic diffusion, it is derived from a sanskrit word adhere meaning to hold on
Adhesives
Mark Cady

Mark Cady (July 12, 1953 - November 15, 2019) was an Independent American jurist. He was on the Iowa Supreme Court from 1998 to 2019. From 2011 to 2019, he was the chief justice of the court. He was the author of the court's opinion in Varnum v. Brien, which legalized same-sex marriage in Iowa. He was born in Rapid City, South Dakota.
Cady died on November 15, 2019 from a heart attack in Des Moines, Iowa at the age of 66.
References
Other websites
Iowa Judicial Branch page for Mark S. Cady
Ballotpedia Profile
Votesmart Profile
1953 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American judges
Politicians from South Dakota
Politicians from Des Moines, Iowa
Independent politicians in the United States
Fear: Trump in the White House

Fear: Trump in the White House is a book by American Watergate journalist Bob Woodward. The book explains the operations in the Trump White House and quotes important members of the administration including John F. Kelly as "hiding key information from the president in order that he doesn't make impulsive decisions". It also says United States Secretary of Defense James Mattis called the president a "fifth or fourth grader".
On the 5th of September 2018, President Donald Trump called the book "a con on the public" and said that it had untrue information. White House Chief of Staff also released a statement saying "he is committed to the president".
Reactions
When the book was leaked by the Washington Post, White House Chief of staff John F. Kelly released a statement saying he "never called the president an idiot".
References
2018 books
Non-fiction books
Donald Trump
Prosper Avril

Matthieu Prosper Avril (born December 12, 1937) is a Haitian politician. He was President of Haiti from 1988 to 1990. Avril led the September 1988 Haitian coup d'etat against a transition military government installed after Jean-Claude Duvalier's 1986 overthrow.
Avril was president until March 1990. He was arrested under human rights violation in 2001, but released in March 2004 after the 2004 Haitian coup d'etat overthrew Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
References
Presidents of Haiti
Generals
1937 births
Living people
Leon Valley, Texas

Leon Valley is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Turkey vulture

The turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), is a bird found throughout most of the Americas. It is also known as the turkey buzzard (or just buzzard), and in some areas of the Caribbean as John crow or carrion crow.
It is one of three species in the genus Cathartes, ranging from southern Canada to the southernmost tip of South America. It lives in open and semi-open areas, including subtropical forests, shrublands, pastures, and deserts.
The turkey vulture got its common name from the resemblance of the adult's bald red head and its dark plumage to that of the male wild turkey. The name "vulture" comes from the Latin word vulturus, meaning "tearer", and is a reference to its feeding habits.
Vultures
Cathartidae
Birds of North America
Birds of South America
Birds of Central America
Georgetown, Mississippi

Georgetown is a town in Copiah County, Mississippi, United States.
Towns in Mississippi
Space Shuttle Columbia

The Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) was a spacecraft used by NASA to fly into outer space. It was the first Space Shuttle to fly into space, on April 12, 1981. It broke apart while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003, killing all seven people who were on it at the time. The shuttle flew a total of 28 missions. The Columbia was named after a US Navy ship that circumnavigated the world in 1836. It was also the name of the Apollo 11 Lunar Excursion Module.
Cause of destruction
A piece of insulating foam from the external fuel tank peeled off during the launch 16.0 days earlier and struck the shuttle's left wing.
A hole was punctured in the leading edge of the wing. During the intense heat of re-entry, hot gases entered the interior of the wing, destroying the support structures and causing the rest of the shuttle to break apart.
Crew
Commander: Rick D. Husband, a U.S. Air Force colonel and mechanical engineer, who piloted a previous shuttle during the first docking with the International Space Station (STS-96).
Pilot: William C. McCool, a U.S. Navy commander
Payload Commander: Michael P. Anderson, a U.S. Air Force lieutenant colonel and physicist who was in charge of the science mission.
Payload Specialist: Ilan Ramon, a colonel in the Israeli Air Force and the first Israeli astronaut.
Mission Specialist: Kalpana Chawla, an Indian-born aerospace engineer on her second space mission.
Mission Specialist: David M. Brown, a U.S. Navy captain trained as an aviator and flight surgeon. Brown worked on a number of scientific experiments.
Mission Specialist: Laurel Clark, a U.S. Navy captain and flight surgeon. Clark worked on a number of biological experiments.
Missions
References
Columbia
Hyèvre-Magny

Hyevre-Magny is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Satsuki Eda

was a Japanese politician. He was the first opposition member to serve as the President of the House of Councillors in Japan. Eda was the Minister of Justice from January 2011 until December 2011. He was born in Okayama, Japan.
Eda died in Okayama on 28 July 2021 from pneumonia, aged 80.
References
Other websites
Official site
1941 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Japanese politicians
Faggot (slang)

Faggot (or fag) is an insulting term for a homosexual person. It is usually used to refer to gay men. Many people, especially homosexuals, see it as hate speech. Most prefer the term gay, or sometimes queer. Queer has been taken back for use by the LGBTQ+ community, even with the way the word has been used in the past.
Younger people (including LGBT people) often use terms like "gay," "fag," "faggot," and "poofter" as insults towards people that they don't like. This use many times does not actually link the word to homosexuality.
References
English profanity
Gay slang
Homophobia
Slurs
Fortunella

Fortunella is a 1958 Italian comedy film. It was directed by Eduardo De Filippo. Federico Fellini wrote the script. The music is by Nino Rota. At the Academy Awards, Rota's score for The Godfather was removed, because some of the music was taken from Fortunella.
Cast
Giulietta Masina: Nanda Diotallevi, aka 'Fortunella'
Alberto Sordi: Peppino
Paul Douglas: Professor Golfiero Paganica
Eduardo De Filippo: Head of the Theater Company
Piera Arico: Katya
Nando Bruno: The American
Guido Celano: The Doorman
Carlo Dapporto: The Actor
Carlo Delle Piane: Riccardino
Enrico Glori: The Gambler
Franca Marzi: Amelia
Mimmo Poli: Orso Bruno
Aldo Silvani: Guidobaldi
Other websites
1958 comedy movies
Italian comedy movies
Movies set in Italy
French comedy movies
Italian-language movies
L. Desaix Anderson

L. Desaix Anderson (1936 - February 11, 2021) was an American politician and United States Foreign Service officer. His works focused in East Asian affairs. He was American Charge d'Affaires ad interim to Vietnam from 1995 until 1997 during the Bill Clinton presidency. Anderson was born in Sumner, Mississippi.
Anderson died on February 11, 2021 at the age of 84.
References
Other websites
L. Desaix Anderson biography, National Committee on North Korea
1936 births
2021 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Mississippi
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago

The flag of Trinidad and Tobago is a red field with a white-fimbriated black diagonal band from the upper hoist-side to the lower fly-side.
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago
Mengjiang United Autonomous Government

Mengjiang United Autonomous Government () was a puppet state of the Japanese Empire. It was located in inter Mongolia. The capital city was Kalgan.
It existed from 1939 to 1945. The ruler of the state was Demchugdongrub.
References
Former countries in Asia
1939 establishments in Asia
1945 disestablishments in Asia
20th century in Japan
20th century in China
20th century in Mongolia
Puppet states
Former dictatorships
Nuclear winter

Nuclear winter is a theory stating the possible effects of the use of nuclear weapons during a nuclear war; which could include reduced sunlight, extreme cold, and the presence of large amounts of smoke and soot in the Earth's atmosphere.
Nuclear energy
Nuclear accidents
Electric beacon

In navigation, an electric beacon (or electromagnetic beacon) is a kind of beacon, as a device which sends a signal and marks a fixed location and allows direction finding equipment to find relative bearing, as the direction to the beacon. The most common are radio beacons, which broadcast a radio signal which is picked up by radio direction finding systems on ships, aircraft or cars to determine the bearing to the beacon. However, the term "beacon" also covers infrared and sonar beacons.
References
Navigation
Radio technology
Raymond Abbas

Raymond Abbas, commonly known as Hushpuppi, is a Nigerian internet personality. He is notorious for showcasing his lavish lifestyle on Instagram which raised suspicions on the origins of his wealth. He was arrested by the Dubai Police authority. He was handed over to the FBI on June 2020.
Crimes
Abbas' apartment in Dubai was raided by both the FBI and Interpol. They seized more than $37 million in cash. He and his associates were allegedly running an international scam and were suspected of various crimes including: cyber fraud, money-laundering, bank fraud, and identity theft which were committed outside the UAE.
References
Criminals
Nigerian people
Smartwatch

A smartwatch is a computerized wristwatch that can do things not related to showing the time.
While early models could perform basic tasks, such as calculations, language translations, and game-playing, since the 2010s smartwatches are effectively wearable computers. Many run mobile apps, using a mobile operating system. Some smartwatches function as portable media players, with FM radio and playback of digital audio and video files via a Bluetooth or USB headset.
Nowadays a smartwatch is a modern watch that provides a touchscreen interface for daily use. With a smartwatch, people can track heart rate, SPO2, blood pressure, sleep, step count, etc. Bluetooth calling smartwatches are helping people to connect to each other through the smartphone.
References
Clocks
Veikko Kankkonen

Veikko Kankkonen (born 5 January 1940) is a retired Finnish ski jumper. He competed at the 1960, 1964 and at the 1968 Winter Olympics. He won two medals in 1964 with a gold in the individual normal hill and a silver in the individual large hill event. He was born in Sotkamo, Finland.
Kankkonen won the Holmenkollen medal (shared with Eero Mantyranta, Georg Thoma, and Halvor Naes).
References
Other websites
Holmenkollen medalists - click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file
Holmenkollen winners since 1892 - click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file
1940 births
Living people
Finnish Olympic gold medalists
Finnish Olympic silver medalists
Finnish skiers
Daughter language

A daughter language is a language that descended from another language, which usually happens over a long period of time.
Examples
Italian is a daughter language of Latin, which is a daughter language of Proto-Indo-European.
English is a daughter language of West Germanic, which is a daughter language of Proto-Indo-European.
Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish are daughter languages of Old Norse, which was a daughter language of Proto-Norse.
Hindi and Urdu are daughter languages of Hindustani, which was the official language of British India until India gained independence. After Pakistan split apart from India, the language became two different languages, Urdu and Hindi.
Dungan is a daughter language of Mandarin Chinese (Gansu and Shaanxi dialects), which is a daughter language of Proto-Sino-Tibetan.
References
Languages
Washington, North Carolina

Washington, commonly known as The Original Washington or Little Washington (to distinguish it from Washington, D.C.), is a city in Beaufort County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 9,744 at the 2010 census.
It is the county seat of Beaufort County.
References
Cities in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
Djibouti at the Olympics

Djibouti has been in 6 Summer Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.
The National Olympic Committee was formed in 1983. The International Olympic Committee recognized the country in 1984.
Hussein Ahmed Salah won a Bronze medal in the 1988 Summer Olympics for the Men's Marathon.
Related pages
List of IOC country codes
References
Other websites
Djibouti at Olympics website
Djibouti profile at London2012.com
Sport in Djibouti
Nations at the Olympics
San Giovanni Valdarno

San Giovanni Valdarno is an Italian town in Tuscany. San Giovanni Valdarno is in the Province of Arezzo. It is in the valley of the Arno River and has about 17,000 inhabitants.
Towns in Tuscany
Tavigliano

Tavigliano is a comune in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
The Smurfs 2

The Smurfs 2 is a 2013 animated comedy movie. It is the sequel to the 2011 movie The Smurfs. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Katy Perry, Christina Ricci, and Jonathan Winters. This was the last movie by Jonathan Winters. It was released on July 31, 2013.
2013 comedy movies
2013 animated movies
American comedy movies
American animated movies
English-language movies
Smurfs
Movies directed by Raja Gosnell
Écot

Ecot is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs