pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Languedoc-Roussillon

Languedoc-Roussillon (; ) is a former administrative region of France. It is now part of the administrative region of Occitanie. It is the southernmost region of mainland France and borders to the south with Spain and Andorra.
The five departments in the region were Aude, Gard, Herault, Lozere, and Pyrenees-Orientales.
Its capital was Montpellier, the largest city. In French, the name of the inhabitants of the region is Languedocien-Roussillonnais.
Etymology
The name of the province of Languedoc originates from the language spoken in southern France, langue d'oc, also known as Occitan, and Roussillon, an area in the South of present-day Languedoc-Roussillon.
Geography
The Languedoc-Roussillon region has an area of . It bordered to the south with Spain and Andorra; to the east is the Mediterranean Sea (the Gulf of Lion). It also bordered four French regions: Midi-Pyrenees to the west, Auvergne and Rhone-Alpes to the north, and Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (PACA) to the northeast.
The highest point in Languedoc-Roussillon is Pic Carlit () in the Pyrenees-Orientales department; it is high.
Departments
The Languedoc-Roussillon region is formed by five departments:
Demographics
The Languedoc-Roussillon region has a population, in 2012, of 2,700,266, for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The 10 most important cities in the region are:
Gallery
References
Other websites
Regional Council of Languedoc-Roussillon official website
Tourism in Languedoc-Roussillon
Former administrative regions of France
2015 disestablishments
History of France
Montpellier
Provinces
Wine regions of France
Lalo Schifrin

Boris Claudio "Lalo" Schifrin (born June 21, 1932) is an Argentine pianist, composer, arranger and conductor. He is best known for his movie and TV scores since the 1950s, including the theme from Mission: Impossible and Enter the Dragon.
Schifrin has received five Grammy Awards and six Oscar nominations. Schifrin is also known for his works with Clint Eastwood from the late 1960s to the 1980s, particularly the Dirty Harry movies.
Influences
Schifrin's influences including Thelonious Monk, Elmer Bernstein, Dizzy Gillespie, Olivier Messiaen, Bernard Herrmann, Alec Wilder, Andres Segovia, Astor Piazzolla, Billy May, Bix Beiderbecke, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Gil Evans, Henry Mancini, Miles Davis and Xavier Cugat.
References
1932 births
Living people
Argentine pianists
Jazz musicians
Argentine composers
Conductors
Musicians from Buenos Aires
List of World Heritage Sites in Russia

The List of World Heritage Sites in Russia is a group of places chosen by UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
History
UNESCO was created for the "conservation and protection of the world's inheritance of books, works of art and monuments of history and science". The constitution of UNESCO was ratified in 1946 by 26 countries.
Russia agreed to take part in the World Heritage Convention in 1988.
List
The World Heritage Site (WHS) list has developed over time. It is part of a process; and the list continues to grow.
There are 24 WHS places in the Russian Federation.
1:(shared with Lithuania)
2:(shared with Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Sweden, Ukraine)
3:(shared with Mongolia)
Tentative list
The Tentative List consists of sites which have been nominated. The evaluation process is not yet completed.
Historical and Cultural Jeyrakh-Assa Reservation
The architectural and historical complex "Shelter of count N.P. Cheremetev"
The Valamo archipelago
The National Park of Vodlozerof
The Bolgar historical-architectural complex
The ensemble of former city building of Sviyazhsk
Centre historique d'Irkoutsk
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
Rostov Kremlin
Railway Bridge Over Yenissey River
Historic Center of the Yenisseisk
Church of Prince Dimitri "On Blood"
Great Pskov
Petroglyphs of Sikachi-Alyan
Daurian Steppes (Daursky State Biosphere Reserve)
The Commander Islands (Comandorsky State Nature Reserve)
Magadansky State Nature Reserve
Krasnoyarsk Stolby
The Great Vasyugan Mire
Ensemble of the Astrakhan Kremlin
The Ilmensky mountains
The archeological site of Tanais
Russian Kremlins
Bikin River Valley (Extension of the "Central Sikhote-Alin")
Architectural and Park Ensemble "Tsar's Country Estate Izmaylovo"
Bashkir Ural
Related pages
World Heritage Committee
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Table of World Heritage Sites by country
List of World Heritage Sites in Asia
List of World Heritage Sites in Europe
References
Other websites
List of biosphere reserves which are wholly or partially world heritage sites
World Heritage Sites in Russia
Russia-related lists
Russia
Zaire (disambiguation)

Zaire can stand for different concepts:
From 1971 to 1997 the Democratic Republic of the Congo was called Zaire
From 1967 to 1993 that country had a currency called Zaire
The Congo River is called Zaire inside the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
From 1971 to 1997, the province Kongo Central of he Democratic Republic of the Congo was called Zaire
Zaire Province, a province of Angola
The Zaire basin, through which the river flows.
A Portuguese warship was called Zaire (1884)
Zaire is a play by Voltaire
Zaire Use, a special form of the Roman Rite Mass of the Catholic Church
Geography of Africa
Marking knife

A marking knife is a knife used in woodworking. It is used to mark a line that is to be followed by a saw or chisel when cutting the wood.
Woodworking tools
Cutting tools
Orange River

The Orange River (officially called Oranje) is a river in Southern Africa. It is long. It starts in Lesotho, and is the longest river there. For large parts of its course, it forms the border between South Africa and Namibia.
Geography
The Orange river basin extends into South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana. The river starts in the Drakensberg mountains. It passes only through the city of Upington: it does not run through other major cities.
Economic usage
The river is important for the South African economy. Its water is used for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The river was named the Orange River in honor of the Dutch ruling family, the House of Orange, by the Dutch explorer Robert Jacob Gordon.
Ramsar sites
Rivers of Africa
Geography of Namibia
Geography of South Africa
Geography of Lesotho
Black hair

The term Black hair refers to the darkest of all human hair colors. It is a dominant and genetic trait, and found in people of all ethnic groups. Caucasian people with black hair are usually referred to as brunettes. Black hair carries extreme amounts of eumelanin and is less dense than the other hair colors.
Hair
Ancient Church of the East

The Ancient Church of the East is an Assyrian church.
The church separated from the Assyrian Church of the East. This happened because Mar Shimun XXIII, the patriarch of Assyrian Church of the East introduced reforms which were not supported. These reforms included changes such as those of using the new Roman calendar rather than the old calendar. The people who did not support the changes thought they were opposed to the sanctity of being one of the oldest Christian churches in the world. For this reason, the followers of the Ancient Church of the East resisted the changes made to the church. Mar Thoma Darmo, a native of Mesopotamia, who was Metropolitan of the Assyrian Church of the East in India from 1952 to 1968, based at Trichur separated from the Assyrian Church of the East. He became the head of the Ancient Church of the East in October 1968 and moved to Baghdad. He died the following year. After his death, Mar Addai II was elected to replace him.
Since January 2011 the synod of the Ancient Church of the East has split between those accepting the Patriarchate of Mar Addai II and those Old Calendarists rejecting it.
References
Eastern Christian denominations
Jupiter, Florida

Jupiter is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, USA. It is named after the Roman god Jupiter. The town is a suburb of Miami.
According to the United States census, there were 55,156 people living in Jupiter in 2010. Some famous people who were born in or lived in Jupiter are: Tori Amos, Celine Dion, and Burt Reynolds.
References
Other websites
Jupiter official website
Jupiter Florida Online Guide
Jupiter Tequesta Juno Beach Chamber of Commerce
Jupiter Courier Newspaper
Jupiter GIS Map
Florida Atlantic University
Jupiter Lighthouse Pictures
Jupiter Florida
Towns in Florida
Palm Beach County, Florida
Anthem of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

The Anthem of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was the anthem of Tajikistan when it was part of the Soviet Union. The lyrics were written by Abolqasem Lahuti. The music was composed by Suleiman Yudakov in 1946, the year it was adopted.
The melody is retained in the current national anthem of Tajikistan, done in the same manner as Belarus and Uzbekistan.
Post-Stalinist lyrics
Tajik original
English translation
When Russia's hand supported us,
The guild of the Soviet folk was created,
The star of our life was enlightened.
Oh, our pasts with effulgence filled
Came to vision into our land, our homeland.
An independent state of the Tajik folk was formed.
Feverishness during the night
The thunderous roar of Lenin's summon sounded
From the glow of his flag, there the dark oppression went
The eternal happiness that lieth upon this Earth
Was delivered to us from the Party of hundred creations, hundred creations.
Like a father who fought for and nurtured us anew.
Our motto shall call to us
Equality, fraternity among our folk
From our family no one shall break apart
We shall craft a shield of unity
Toward communist victory we'll travel on, we'll travel on.
Long live our land, our folk, our union.
Original lyrics
Tajik lyrics
English translation
When Russia's hand supported us,
The guild of the Soviet folk was created,
The star of our life was enlightened.
Oh, our pasts with effulgence filled
Came to vision into our land, our homeland.
An independent state of the Tajik folk was formed.
Feverishness during the night
The thunderous roar of Lenin's summon sounded
From the glow of his flag, there the dark oppression went
The eternal happiness that lieth upon this Earth
'Twas since this time that we've reached good ol' Stalin, good ol' Stalin
Like a father who fought for and nurtured us anew.
In our tradition, under our epoch
No one is spared with indignant hostility.
For we are inseparable from the Union
We shall craft a shield of unity
Against the enemies we shall always triumph, always triumph!
Long live our land, our age, our union.
Russian version
References
History of Tajikistan
Anthems of Soviet Socialist Republics
Neuville-Saint-Amand

Neuville-Saint-Amand is a commune. It is in Picardie in the Aisne department in north France.
Communes in Aisne
Semione

Semione was a municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 1 April 2012, the former municipalities of Ludiano, Malvaglia and Semione merged to form the new municipality of Serravalle.
References
Other websites
Former municipalities of Ticino
Monza

Monza is a city in the region of Lombardy. In 2009 it will become the capital of the Province of Monza and Brianza. About 120,000 people live in Monza. This makes it the third largest city in Lombardy.
References
Cantaron

Cantaron is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department
References
INSEE commune file
Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Resplendent quetzal

The resplendent quetzal (Pharomachrus mocino) is a bird from Central America. It is well known for its colorful plumage.
It plays an important role in Mesoamerican mythology. The resplendent quetzal is the national bird of Guatemala. It is represented on the country's flag and coat of arms. It is also the name of its local currency.
References
Birds of Central America
Trogoniformes
National symbols of Guatemala
Andriy Kuzmenko

Andriy "Kuzma" Kuzmenko (; 17 August 1968 - 2 February 2015) was a Ukrainian singer. He was best as the lead singer of the rock band Skryabin, founded in 1989.
Kuzmenko was born in Sambir, Lviv Oblast. He was married to Svetlana and had a daughter, Maria-Barbara, born in 1997.
Kuzmenko died in a car accident on 2 February 2015 in Lozuvatka, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, aged 46.
References
1968 births
2015 deaths
Road accident deaths
Rock singers
Ukrainian singers
Taillecavat

Taillecavat is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Loudoun County, Virginia

Loudoun County ( ) is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of the Washington Metropolitan Area. The 2010 U.S. Census said 312,311 people live there. The number of people grew 84 percent over the 2000 census of 169,599. Its county seat is Leesburg.
As of 2007, Loudoun County has the highest median household income of any county in the United States ($107,207). This is higher than nearby Fairfax County, Virginia ($105,241).
References
Virginia counties
Road signs in Japan

In Japan, road signs (Dao Lu Biao Shi , doro-hyoshiki) are standardized by the "Order on Road Sign, Road Line, and Road Surface Marking (Dao Lu Biao Shi , Qu Hua Xian Ji biDao Lu Biao Shi niGuan suruMing Ling )" established in 1968 with origins from the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department's "Order on Standardization of Road Sign" of 1934 and the Home Ministry of Japan's "Order on Road Signs" of 1942. The previous designs have been used since 1986 after several amendments of order.
Warning signs
Regulatory signs
Instruction signs
Supplemental signs
are usually put just below the principal signs, and shows their valid range like time, day and category of vehicle. They are equivalent to the "plaque" of the American MUTCD. The width of the plates is usually 60 cm, and the sentences should be less than 7 characters per a line or 3 lines. When the sentences can not be shortened less than the limitation, they should apply changeable signs.
History
The first standardised road signage schemes appeared in 1922. At first, two types of signs were established: "road warning signs" equivalent to warning signs and "road guide signs" as information signs.
Warning signs at that time closely resembled the British design as used in Hong Kong, the only difference was the white-on-black lettering.
Japanese road signs in the early 1940s closely followed European road signage practices at that time based on the 1931 Geneva Convention, except that most road signages contained text. A variation of the early 1940s Japanese road signage system is still in use today in Taiwan.
In 1950, a complete revision of the "Road Signs Ordinance" was promulgated and enforced as an Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office and the Ministry of Construction. Unlike the 1922 and the 1940s devised road signs, it included both bilingual Japanese and English text and symbols. Warning signs were changed from a European red-bordered triangular design to an American MUTCD yellow diamond design. This road signage system was used until 1963, when it was replaced with a new road signage system that is based on the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The present-day Japanese road signage system also replaced the stop sign's shape with an inverted equilateral triangle like the stop sign used in West Germany from the 1945 to 1971.
In 2016, it was announced that the Japanese National Police Agency was considering changing the design of the "Stop" sign used on Japanese roads since 1963 from the inverted red triangle sign to an octagonal design more closely conforming to the recommendations of the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The inverted red triangle sign was introduced in 1963 ahead of the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, and replaced the earlier red octagonal sign used from 1960, which in turn had replaced the yellow octagonal sign used from 1950. It was later decided to make the stop sign bilingual in both Japanese and English, but to maintain the inverted triangular shape.
References
Traffic
Transport in Japan
Charles Dance

Walter Charles Dance, OBE (born 10 October 1946) is an English actor, screenwriter, and movie director. He is known for playing strict, authoritarian characters and villains.
Dance is known for his roles as Tywin Lannister in HBO's Game of Thrones, Guy Perron in The Jewel in the Crown (1984), Sardo Numspa in The Golden Child (1986), Jonathan Clemens in Alien 3 (1992), Benedict in Last Action Hero (1993), the Master Vampire in Dracula Untold (2014), Lord Havelock Vetinari in Terry Pratchett's Going Postal (2010), Legantir in Justin and the Knights of Valour (2013) and Alastair Denniston in The Imitation Game (2014).
Dance was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) on 17 June 2006. He lives in Kentish Town in north London.
References
Other websites
1946 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
English movie directors
English screenwriters
Actors from Worcestershire
Bean queen

Bean queen (sometimes rice and bean queen) is a derogatory slang term. The term refers to a white gay man who is chiefly attracted to Hispanic and Latino men.
One source describes these white gay males as "Gay men who are attracted to gentlemen of the Latino flava." "Bean queen" is probably derived from "rice queen". This term refers to a gay white male who is attracted to Asian men. In this case, the word rice (the food that forms the basis of the Asian diet) has been substituted with the word bean or rice and bean, foods popular throughout Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Other food-based variations include taco queen and salsa queen. Refried beans refers to Hispanic and Latino men who prefer other Hispanic and Latino men. Much less frequently, these terms are used to describe gay Latino men themselves. The term is also used in a derogatory manner when referring to a drag queen of Hispanic or Latino background.
References
Gay slang
Kristine Gebbie

Kristine Moore Gebbie (June 26, 1943 - May 17, 2022) was an American academic and public health official. She was a professor at the Flinders University School of Nursing & Midwifery in Adelaide, Australia. She was born in Sioux City, Iowa. Gebbie was the White House AIDS Policy Coordinator from 1993 until 1994 during the Bill Clinton administration.
Gebbie died on May 17, 2022 in Adelaide from cancer, aged 78.
References
1943 births
2022 deaths
Scientists from Iowa
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Sioux City, Iowa
Australian academics
Nurses
Public health
Buchberg

Buchberg is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Wilchingen

Wilchingen is a municipality of the canton Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Osterfingen was added to this municipality in 2005.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Santa Maria Maggiore

Santa Maria Maggiore is a church in Rome, Italy. It is also called Santa Maria della Neve, Santa Maria ad praesepe, or Basilica Liberii. It is located near the main railway station, Roma Termini. There are over 40 churches dedicated to Mary in Rome. Santa Maria Maggiore is the most important of these. The church was built in the 5th century. It is a basilica major.
Churches in Rome
1st millennium buildings and structures
5th century
Casteide-Doat

Casteide-Doat is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Casteide-Doat
Tower of Hercules

The Tower of Hercules (Galician and ) is an ancient Roman lighthouse in Spain. It is on a peninsula about from the centre of A Coruna, Galicia.
The tower is a National Monument of Spain. Since June 27, 2009, it has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is the second tallest lighthouse in Spain, after the Faro de Chipiona.
The Tower of Hercules was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.
References
Specific references
General references
"Documentos para estudiar la Torre de Hercules"
Mareblucamogli.com
Tower of Hercules from Spain.info
Torre de Hercules (in English) from the Universidade da Coruna website
Tower of Hercules Visitor Services and Interpretive Center
Other websites
Torre foto
Official website
Images of the Roman Tower of Hercules and futuristic visual legends
Historical timeline of the Tower of Brigantia, from galicianflag.com
Lighthouses
World Heritage Sites in Spain
Saint-Léger-sur-Bresle

Saint-Leger-sur-Bresle is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Originally named Saint-Leger-le-Pauvre, the commune was renamed Saint-Leger-sur-Bresle in 1956.
References
Communes in Somme
Royal Banner of Scotland

The Royal Standard of Scotland, (), also known as the Banner of the King of Scots, or more commonly the Lion Rampant of Scotland, is the Scottish Royal Banner of Arms. Used historically by the King of Scots, the Royal Standard of Scotland differs from Scotland's national flag, the Saltire, in that its correct use is restricted by an Act of the Parliament of Scotland to only a few Great Officers of State who officially represent the Sovereign in Scotland. It is also used in an official capacity at royal residences in Scotland when the Sovereign is not present.
The earliest recorded use of the Lion rampant as a royal emblem in Scotland was by Alexander II in 1222; with the additional embellishment of a double border set with lilies occurring during the reign of Alexander III (1249-1286). This emblem occupied the shield of the royal coat of arms of the ancient Kingdom of Scotland which, together with a royal banner displaying the same, was used by the King of Scots until the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when James VI acceded to the thrones of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland. Since 1603, the Lion rampant of Scotland has been incorporated into both the royal arms and royal banners of successive Scottish then British monarchs in order to symbolise Scotland; as can be seen today in the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom. Although now officially restricted to use by representatives of the Sovereign and at royal residences, the Royal Standard of Scotland continues to be one of Scotland's most recognisable symbols.
National Flag of Scotland
The Flag of Scotland, also known as the Saint Andrew's Cross or more commonly The Saltire, is the national flag of Scotland. The Saltire is the correct flag for everyone to fly in order to show both their loyalty and Scottish nationality. It is also, where possible, flown from Scottish Government buildings every day from 8am until sunset, with certain exceptions; for example United Kingdom National Days.
References
Flags of the United Kingdom
13th century in Scotland
1222 establishments
Establishments in Scotland
1220s establishments in Europe
Lions
National symbols of Scotland
Ferran

Ferran is a commune of 111 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Abby Lee Miller

Abigale "Abby" Lee Miller (born September 21, 1965) is an American dance instructor, television personality and choreographer. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Miller is the director and owner of Reign Dance Productions. She was also the founder of the Abby Lee Dance Company and appeared on the reality television series Dance Moms for seven seasons.
In December 2010, Miller filed for bankruptcy and owed more than $400,000 in taxes. In June 2016, she pleaded guilty to felony bankruptcy fraud and was sentenced in May 2017 to one year and a day in federal prison.
In April 2018, she was diagnosed with lymphoma, a type of cancer.
References
Other websites
1966 births
Living people
Educators from Pittsburgh
American dancers
American television personalities
American fraudsters
Criminals from Pennsylvania
Writers from Pittsburgh
Getelo

Getelo is a community in Bentheim in Lower Saxony.
Geography
Place
Getelo is west of Nordhorn on the border with the Netherlands. It belongs to the Joint Community (Samtgemeinde) of Uelsen, whose administrative seat is in the like-named community.
Constituent communities
The community's two centres are Getelo and Getelomoor.
References
Other websites
Joint community's webpage
County of Bentheim (district)
Laboratory

A laboratory (lab for short) is a work place where scientific research, experiments, or measurement are done.
The word laboratory is also used for other places where the work done or equipment used are like those in scientific laboratories. These include:
a film laboratory or photographic laboratory
a computer lab
a medical lab
a clandestine lab for making illegal drugs
Scientific laboratories can be found in schools and universities, in hospitals, in industry, in government or military facilities, and even aboard ships and spacecraft.
Laboratory equipment
Chuck Schuldiner

Charles Michael "Chuck" Schuldiner (May 13, 1967 - December 13, 2001) was an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. He was a key member of the death metal band, Death. The band were a major influence on other death metal bands. He is often called 'the Father of Death metal' He died of pneumonia in 2001 after having brain cancer.
References
1967 births
2001 deaths
American songwriters
American Jews
Deaths from brain cancer
Singers from Florida
Heavy metal singers
Charles Court

Sir Charles Walter Michael Court (29 September 1911 - 22 December 2007) was the 21st Premier of Western Australia from 8 April 1974 to 25 January 1982. He was from the Liberal Party. He became a politician in 1953. His son, Richard, was also a Premier.
References
1911 births
Court, Charles
People from Sussex
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Chairperson of the Parliament of Albania

The Chairperson of the Parliament of Albania () is the head of the Parliament whose term coincides with the term of the Parliament and they are elected by a vote during the opening session.
If the President is temporarily absent or is out of office, the speaker takes over the functions of the office, as specified by the Constitution.
As of 9 September 2017, the Chairperson of the Parliament is Gramoz Ruci.
List
References
Ugrić

Ugric is a right tributary of the Ugar river in Central Bosnia. It is about in length, and its source is Vlasic's Mountain slopes. It is an essential body of water for surrounding wildlife.
Ugric springs from the fountain of the same named Osmanovac stream; altitude 940 m, in the region of the elevation Krcevine. Above Krcevina regional there is communications Skender Vakuf - Turbe - Travnik, which marks a watershed between the basins of Ugar and Vrbanja rivers. It runs to the southwest, between Celehovsko hill (909 m) and by Barisica strane (Glavica, 897 m).
Related pages
Ugar (river)
Skender Vakuf
References
Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Discovery People

Discovery People was an American cable television network.
The channel began on CBS on March 31, 1997. It was called CBS Eye on People. It had news and human interest stories from CBS News.
References
1997 establishments in the United States
2000 disestablishments in the United States
Alpha–beta pruning

Alpha-beta pruning is a Search algorithm that tries to remove options that it can take. This algorithm is commonly used for a computer to play two player games, such as chess, go, and checkers. The algorithm stops analyzing a move when it finds another possible move that is proven to be better, and that move will not be analyzed again. This algorithm is a modification of minimax algorithm.
Algorithm
The algorithm keeps track of two values, Alpha and Beta, and assigns "points" to possible moves where the greater the amount of points a move has, the higher chance that choosing that move will lead to victory. Alpha represents the minimum amount of points the player the algorithm wants to win can have(the maximizing player), while beta is the maximum amount of points the algorithm wants to lose can have(the minimizing player). Alpha and Beta start as negative infinity and infinity respectively. Whenever a move is found such that the maximizing player's score improves or the minimizing player's score decreases, then Alpha and Beta will be replaced with those new values.
In the best case, the complexity of the algorithm is O() while the worst case is O() where b is the branching factor, that is how much each move splits into future options on average, and d is the depth, as in on average how many possible moves are made into the game.
Searching and sorting algorithms
2009 Iranian presidential election protests

Protests against the results of the controversial 2009 Iranian presidential election (), a controversial victory by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad happened in major cities nationwide from 2009 into early 2010.
The protests were titled the Iranian Green Movement ( Jonbesh-e Sabz) by its supporters and Persian Awakening, Persian Spring or Green Revolution.
Protests began the night of 12 June 2009. Ahmadinejad called the protests a little more than "passions after a soccer match".
The Iranian government confirmed the deaths of 36 people during the protests, while unconfirmed reports by Mousavi supporters allege at least 72 deaths (over twice as many) in the three months following the election.
References
2000s in Iran
2009 in Asia
2010 in Asia
Cap Dierks

Merton L. "Cap" Dierks (July 2, 1932 - October 22, 2021) was an American politician. He was in the Nebraska Legislature from 1987 to 2003 and again from 2007 to 2011. Dierks was an Independent. Dierks was born in O'Neill, Nebraska.
Dierks died on October 22, 2021 in O'Neill at the age of 89.
References
1932 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Independent politicians in the United States
Politicians from Nebraska
Whistler, British Columbia

Whistler is a village in the British Columbian province of Canada. The population as of 2006 is 9,248 and the mayor of Whistler is Nancy Wilhelm-Morden. It is located on the Sea to Sky Highway (Highway 99), which goes from the Peace Arch Border Crossing in Surrey, British Columbia to the Cariboo Highway (Highway 97) 10 kilometres north of Cache Creek, British Columbia. Over two million people visit Whistler annually, and it is usually for alpine skiing and mountain biking at the Whistler-Blackcomb ski resort. Whistler was the host Mountain Resort of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympic Games.
Other websites
Whistler's Official website
Whistler Tourism
Ski areas and resorts in Canada
Settlements in British Columbia
Christian Vieri

Christian Vieri (born 12 July, 1973) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Torino||rowspan="2"|Serie A||6||1||1||1||colspan="2"|-||7||2
|-
|1992/93||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1992/93||Pisa||Serie B||18||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||2
|-
|1993/94||Ravenna||Serie B||32||12||0||0||colspan="2"|-||32||12
|-
|1994/95||Venezia||Serie B||29||11||0||0||colspan="2"|-||29||11
|-
|1995/96||Atalanta||Serie A||19||7||2||2||colspan="2"|-||21||9
|-
|1996/97||Juventus||Serie A||23||8||5||1||8||4||36||13
|-
|1997/98||Atletico Madrid||La Liga||24||24||colspan="2"|-||7||5||31||29
|-
|1998/99||Lazio||Serie A||22||12||2||1||4||1||28||14
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="6"|Internazionale||rowspan="6"|Serie A||19||13||5||5||0||0||24||18
|-
|2000/01||27||18||0||0||5||1||32||19
|-
|2001/02||25||22||1||0||2||3||28||25
|-
|2002/03||23||24||0||0||14||3||37||27
|-
|2003/04||22||13||1||0||9||4||32||17
|-
|2004/05||27||13||3||3||6||1||36||17
|-
|2005/06||Milan||Serie A||8||1||1||1||5||0||14||2
|-
|2005/06||Monaco||Ligue 1||7||3||2||1||2||1||11||5
|-
|2006/07||Atalanta||Serie A||7||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||2
|-
|2007/08||Fiorentina||Serie A||26||6||1||0||12||3||39||9
|-
|2008/09||Atalanta||Serie A||9||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||2
343||167||23||14||65||20||431||201
24||24||colspan="2"|-||7||5||31||29
7||3||2||1||2||1||11||5
374||194||25||15||74||26||473||235
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1997||7||2
|-
|1998||7||6
|-
|1999||5||2
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||8||5
|-
|2003||6||4
|-
|2004||7||3
|-
|2005||6||1
|-
!Total||49||23
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Sportspeople from Bologna
Kenneth Allen Taylor

Kenneth Allen Taylor (1954 - December 2, 2019) was an American philosopher and radio personality. He was known for being the co-host (with John Perry) of the radio program Philosophy Talk. Taylor was born in Sandusky, Ohio.
Taylor died on December 2, 2019 of a heart attack in Stanford, California at the age of 65.
References
1954 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American philosophers
American radio personalities
Writers from Ohio
Marga Minco

Marga Minco (pseudonym of Sara Menco, 31 March 1920 - July 10, 2023) was a Dutch journalist and writer. Her real surname was Menco, but an official accidentally switched the first vowel. She was born in Ginneken to an Orthodox Jewish family. In 1957 Minco published her first book, ("The bitter herb"). The title of a later book was Een leeg huis ("A empty house").
Awards
1957 - Bureau voor Postreclame en Adressen De Mutator N.V. Short-story Prize for Het adres
1958 - Vijverberg Prize for Het bittere kruid
1999 - Annie Romein Prize for her entire oeuvre
2005 - Constantijn Huygens Prize for her entire oeuvre
References
Other websites
1920 births
2023 deaths
Dutch Jews
Dutch journalists
Dutch novelists
Jewish writers
People from Breda
Writers from North Brabant
Apalachee

The Apalachee were a Native American people who historically lived in the Florida Panhandle.
History
The Apalachee occupied the site of Velda Mound starting about 1450 CE. They had left the area before the Spanish came in the 17th century. They first saw Spanish explorers in the 16th century. This is when the Hernando de Soto expedition arrived. They lived between the Aucilla River and Ochlockonee River, at the head of Apalachee Bay. This was an area known to Europeans as the Apalachee Province.
The Spaniards had created Catholic missions throughout their province by the early 1600s. The Apalachee were farmers and noted warriors. By 1655 there were eight towns, each with a mission. In addition to the Spanish, each town had an Apalachee population of between 6,000-8000. The British with their Creek allies often raided the Apalachee and Spanish towns. In 1703 a British army and hundreds of Creek warriors attacked the territory. The Apalachee were nearly destroyed. The survivors, who numbered about 1400, dispersed. Over time many Apalachee mixed in with other groups, particularly the Creek Confederacy. Others found protection with the French in what is now Alabama and Louisanna. About 300 descendants in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, claim an Apalachee identity today.
Language
The Apalachee spoke a Muskogean language called Apalachee. The language is now extinct.
References
Other websites
The Apalachees of Northwest Florida
Apalachee Before European Contact
Native Americans
RPG Maker

The RPG Maker is a video game software which can be used to develop role-playing video games easily even for people that are not experienced in game design and coding. Until 2003, the program has been created by the Japanese company ASCII. From then on Enterbrain continued the development. The RPG Maker has a Graphical User Interface (GUI) which makes operating very simple.
The software contains many options to customize a game. Within every version is a Run Time Package (RTP), contains many different graphics and sounds, although self-created files can be imported into the program as long as they are in the correct format such as size and type of file.
Versions
RPG Maker 2000
Released on April 2000 in Europe for Microsoft Windows.
The game resolution is 320x240 (Based on the idea that the games should look like Super Nintendo games).
Unofficially translated by Don Miguel.
Many unofficially patches developed by the communities to make the software better.
Most used version in the Community.
RPG Maker 2003
Released in December 2003 in Japan for Microsoft Windows.
The use of third person-sideview battle system similar to Final Fantasy (Within fights characters and monsters are displayed from the side).
The maximum limit of displayed pictures at the same time has been set from 20 to 50.
RPG Maker XP
Released on July 2004 in English for Microsoft Windows.
First version which has been fully translated into English by the company itself.
Resolution of 1240x440.
Complex Programming has been realized with the language Ruby.
RPG Maker VX
Release Dates: Japan December 2007, Worldwide February 2008
Simple Battle System
Supports Ruby
RPG Maker MV
Released: October 2015
Supports Android Export
Supports Java Script
Notable games
Yume Nikki
Lisa: the Painful
Software
Ground Combat Vehicle

The Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) is the U.S. Army's replacement program for heavy tracked and wheeled armored fighting vehicles. The GCV is part of the Follow On Incremental Capabilities Package of the BCT Modernization program. The vehicle of the vehicle family is to be built by 2015 and given out by 2017. It replaced the canceled Future Combat Systems, manned ground vehicles program.
Design
The GCV family will be built around one or more common vehicle bodies.
The GCV would have a very advanced communications system.
The vehicle will be heavy and large but it must be moved by aircraft, rail and ship. The GCV will have good off-road mobility while remaining fuel efficient.
The type and caliber of the weapons are still secret. The Army has only said that there will be lethal and non-lethal means to help with missions in both civilian and non-civilian places.
The Army would like the GCV to have good bomb protection and would like it to be able to destroy enemy missiles.
Variants
The U.S. Army wants a troop carrier and a "secondary vehicle". The Army will ask for more variants later.
Infantry Fighting Vehicle
The IFV will replace the M113 APC by 2018, the M2 Bradley and the Stryker ICV later. The IFV will hold a crew of three and a squad of nine people.
Secondary vehicle
The "secondary vehicle" is listed on the "Work Breakdown Structure" document. So far, no details have been released about the use of this vehicle.
References
Other websites
Official U.S. Army Ground Combat Vehicle page
TACOM page
Weapons
Land vehicles
Georgie Henley

Georgina"Georgie" Helen Henley (born 9 July 1995) is an English child actress. She is known for playing Lucy Pevensie in The Chronicles of Narnia movie series.
Career
Henley's first acting job was playing Lucy Pevensie in the 2005 movie The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, based on the C.S. Lewis novel The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Henley has won the Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Performance by a Youth Female in a Lead or Supporting Role and the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film -- Young Actress Age Ten or Younger in 2006.
Henley played Lucy Pevensie again in the 2008 sequel to The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Prince Caspian and the 2010 sequel The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.
Since The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe came out, Henley has been in the stage play Babes in the Wood at her local theatre group, which ran from 27 January to 4 February 2006. She also played the young Jane Eyre in the 2006 BBC TV show version of Jane Eyre.
Personal life
Henley was born on 9 July 1995, to Helen and Mike Henley, and has two older sisters, Rachael and Laura. Rachael played the older version of Lucy Pevensie in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Henley now lives in Ilkley, West Yorkshire, and attends Bradford Grammar School, where she is a member of the Ilkley Upstagers' Theatre Group
Henley is a supporter of SOS Children's Villages, an international orphan charity that gives homes and mothers to orphaned and abandoned children.
Filmography
Awards
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
2006: Best Young Actress (for The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe) -- Nominated
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards
2006: Most Promising Performer (for The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe) -- Nominated
Empire Awards
2006: Best Newcomer (for The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe) -- Nominated
Nickelodeon UK Kids Choice Awards
2008: Kids Choice Film Actress (for The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian) -- Won
Online Film Critics Society Awards
2006: Best Breakthrough Performance (for The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe) -- Nominated
Phoenix Film Critics Awards
2006: Best Performance by a Youth in a Lead or Supporting Role -- Female (for The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe) -- Won
Young Artist Awards
2006: Best Performance in a Feature Film -- Young Actress Age Ten or Younger (for The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe) -- Won
References
Other websites
1995 births
Living people
Chancel

The chancel is a part of the architecture of many churches. It serves as a barrier between the part of the church accessible to lay people and the choir, which was reserved to the clergy. The rood screen has the same function, but a different layout. The Iconostasis is a kind of chancel which is richly decorated, and is used in Eastern Orthodox churches.
The chancel is where the congregation receives the blood and body of Jesus. The chancel is usually found in a Roman Catholic church. The bread and wine are changed to the body and blood of Jesus through transubstantiation. The Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 required clergy made sure that the area was inaccessible to the public. The main altar of the church is usually in the area behind the Chancel.
Church architecture
Belgorod

Belgorod () is a city in Russia. It is the capital of Belgorod Oblast. As of 2012, the city had 369,815 people.
Capitals of oblasts of Russia
Cities and towns in Belgorod Oblast
Apostolic vicariate

An apostolic vicariate is a territorial jurisdiction of the Catholic Church.
Other websites
List of Current Apostolic Vicariates by GCatholic.org, regularly refreshed
Catholicism
LaPlace, Louisiana

LaPlace ( ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is near the east bank of the Mississippi River. The population was 32,134 at the 2010 census.
References
Census-designated places in Louisiana
St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
Drone (music)

In music, a drone is a note which sounds all the time while a piece of music is played. Some folk instruments always make a drone when they are played: bagpipes and hurdy gurdies in European culture, sitars in Indian music, and many other instruments in Asian and African music. Sometimes more than one drone is heard (often two notes which are a fifth apart).
Music with drones has to have simple harmonies because it is not possible to modulate to different keys. Other things can make up for this, for example, Scottish bagpipe music has lots of little ornamental notes to make it interesting.
Some Western Composers liked to use a drone (especially one in fifths) to make it sound like bagpipes or other folk instruments. Bach, Francois Couperin and other Baroque composers often called such pieces "Musette" (the French for "bagpipes"). Sometimes they did this in orchestral music: Haydn used a drone in the last part of his Symphony No. 104 to accompany a folk tune.
Related pages
Pedal point
Musical terminology
Hell in a Cell (2014)

Hell in a Cell (2014) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on October 26, 2014 at American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas. It was the sixth Hell in a Cell event held by the WWE.
There were two main events on the card. The first main event saw John Cena defeat Randy Orton to earn a future WWE World Heavyweight Championship match. The second main event saw Seth Rollins defeated Dean Ambrose to end their feud.
Matches
References
Other websites
Official Hell in a Cell 2014 website
2014 in professional wrestling
Sports in Dallas
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
2014 in the United States
2010s in Texas
21st century in Dallas
October 2014 events
Meek Mill

Robert Rahmeek Williams (born May 6, 1987), known professionally as Meek Mill is an American rapper from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was briefly signed to Atlanta-based record label Grand Hustle, owned by record executive and fellow American rapper T.I.. In February 2011, after leaving Grand Hustle, Mill signed a record deal with fellow American rapper Rick Ross' Miami-based Maybach Music Group (MMG) imprint.
Mill's debut studio album, Dreams and Nightmares, was released in 2012, under MMG and Warner Bros. Records. The album, preceded by the single "Young & Gettin' It", debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200. He has also appeared on MMG's Self Made compilation series, with his debut single "Tupac Back" and second single "Ima Boss", being included on volume one.
In October 2012, Meek Mill announced the launching of his own imprint, Dream Chasers Records, named after his popular mixtape series. He also revealed having already signed several fellow Philadelphia-based rappers in 2012.
Discography
Dreams and Nightmares (2012)
Dreams Worth More Than Money (2015)
Wins & Losses (2017)
Championships (2018)
Expensive Pain (2021)
References
1987 births
Living people
Musicians from Philadelphia
Rappers from Pennsylvania
Gangsta rappers
Hardcore hip hop artists
African American musicians
African-American rappers
41 (number)

Forty-one is a number. It comes between forty and forty-two, and is an odd number. It is also the 13th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, and 37.
Integers
Prime numbers
José García

Jose Garcia was a footballer from Uruguay. Garcia was born on 21 February 1926 and died on 8 January 2011. Garcia played for the Uruguay national football team.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2011 deaths
Uruguayan footballers
Brenda Villa

Brenda Villa (born April 18, 1980) is an American water polo player and coach.
Childhood and family
Brenda Villa is a three time Olympic medalist in Water Polo. She was born in Commerce, California. She started playing Water Polo at age 8 at the Commerce Aquatorium. She was inspired to take up Water Polo by her brother Edgar. Edgar pushed her to become stronger and better. She was always looking for his approval. Another challenge was that she was playing against older kids who were mostly boys. There were not enough girls to make a team.
Education
Villa graduated from high school in 1998. She earned a college scholarship to Stanford for her skills in Water Polo. She was named the top collegiate player on the Stanford Women's Water Polo team. Villa is famous for her accomplishments in Water Polo which have earned her several Olympic medals.
Professional life
Brenda started playing for the US National Team in 1998. She helped them qualify for the Olympics. She and her teammates appeared on CNBC, MSNBC, and NBC. In 2003, her team won the World Championship in Water Polo. Villa was also a big part in the Pan Am championships. Right now, she is working as the Water Polo Coach at Castilleja School in Palo Alto, California, USA. Villa is possibly going to be recognized in the Olympic Hall of Fame.
References
1980 births
Living people
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
American water polo players
Sportspeople from Los Angeles County, California
Sportswomen
Water polo coaches
Jamaica coalition

A Jamaica coalition was the name given to a possible coalition government of Germany.
The government would have been formed by the CDU/CSU, the FDP and The Greens.
Their party colours are black, yellow and green, the same colours as the flag of Jamaica.
A Jamaica coalition was most talked about after the 1995 election in Germany when the CDU/CSU only had a few more seats that the SPD, and needed more seats the its usual partner the FDP had in order to have a majority.
Politics of Germany