pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Españolada

Espanolada (translated in English as Typically Spanish) is a derogatory term to those artistic works that gives an exaggerated image of Spanish people based on stereotypes. One of the most notorious example is the Andalusian folklore, being (for example) flamenco very popular among foreign people.
This term has another meaning that focuses on any flamboyant and messy effort that actually is worthless, for example the expression:
Background
This distortion about Spain would have its beginnings in the 19th century, when several European writers and artists from the romanticism era made popular the "Spanish Myth". One of those famous novels inspired in Spain were Carmen by Prosper Merimee.
Cinema
Regarding the cinema, it was created in the 1930s as a subgenre developed after the Spanish Civil War and Francoism. Some known productions were: El turismo es un gran invento, Amor a la espanola, 40 grados a la sombra, Vente a Alemania, Pepe and Abuelo made in Spain among others.
According Jose Luis Navarrete, these films were so popular because they gave the population an unrealistic and idyllic vision about how Spain should be.
References
Spanish culture
Pejoratives
Movie industry
1911 Revolution

The Xinhai Revolution was a revolution in China in 1911. It consisted of many revolts and rebellions. At the end of the Xinhai Revolution the last emperor, Puyi, abdicated. China changed from a monarchy to a republic.
Revolutions
20th-century rebellions
Rebellions in Asia
20th century in China
1911
Self-denial

Self-denial or self sacrifice, is denial or sacrifice of one's needs and desires.
Related pages
Asceticism
Martyr
Altruism
Psychology
Bering Sea

The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It has a deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelves.
The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over two million square kilometers, bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russia's Siberia and Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait. The Strait connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the part of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it.
The Bering Sea ecosystem includes resources belonging to the United States and Russia, as well as international waters in the middle of the sea.
History
Most scientists believe that during the most recent ice age, sea level was low enough to let humans and other animals move on foot from Asia to North America across what is now the Bering Strait. This is commonly called the "Bering land bridge" and is believed by some--though not all-- to be the first point of entry of humans into the Americas.
Islands
Islands of the Bering Sea include:
Pribilof Islands
Komandorski Islands, including Bering Island
St. Lawrence Island
Diomede Islands
King Island
St. Matthew Island
Karaginsky Island
Nunivak Island
Sledge Island
Hagemeister Island
Regions
Regions of the Bering Sea include:
Bering Strait
Bristol Bay
Gulf of Anadyr
Norton Sound
The Bering Sea has 16 submarine canyons including the largest submarine canyon in the world, Zhemchug Canyon.
Biodiversity
The Bering Sea is home to some of the world's most interesting wildlife. This sea supports many endangered whale species including bowhead whale, blue whale, fin whale, sei whale, humpback whale, sperm whale and the rarest in the world, the North Pacific right whale. Other marine mammals include walrus, Steller sea lion, northern fur seal, beluga, orca and polar bear.
The Bering Sea is very important to the seabirds of the world. Over 30 species of seabirds and about 20 million individuals breed in the Bering Sea region. Seabird species include tufted puffins, the endangered short-tailed albatross, spectacled eider, and red-legged kittiwakes.
Two Bering Sea species, the Steller's sea cow and spectacled cormorant, are extinct because of overexploitation by man. In addition, a small subspecies of Canada goose, the Bering Canada goose is extinct due to overhunting and the introduction of rats to their breeding islands.
The Bering Sea supports many species of fish. At least 419 species of fish have been reported from the Bering Sea. Some species of fish support large and valuable commercial fisheries. Commercial fish species include six species of Pacific salmon; also Alaska pollock, red king crab, Pacific cod, Pacific halibut, yellowfin sole, Pacific ocean perch and sablefish.
References
Other websites
Seas of the Pacific Ocean
Geography of Alaska
Seas of Russia
Arctic
Blandouet

Blandouet is a former commune of 157 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Blandouet-Saint Jean.
References
Former communes in Mayenne
Max Keeping

Winston Maxwell "Max" Keeping (April 1, 1942 - October 1, 2015) was a Canadian broadcaster and philanthropist. He was CJOH-DT vice-president of news and public affairs. CJOH-DT is the CTV station in Ottawa, Ontario. He was an anchor for the station from 1972 until his retirement in 2010.
Keeping was born in Grand Bank, Newfoundland. He died from cancer in Ottawa, aged 73.
References
1942 births
2015 deaths
Canadian journalists
Canadian television presenters
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Order of Canada
People from Newfoundland and Labrador
Villigen

Villigen is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Since 2006, Stilli has been part of the municipality.
References
Other websites
Official website of Villigen
Official website of Stilli
Municipalities of Aargau
Marie Versini

Marie Versini (10 August 1940 - 22 November 2021) was a French actress. She was born in Paris. Her career began in 1958 and she retired in 2019. She was known for her role in Roger Corman's 1963 movie The Young Racers.
Versini died on 22 November 2021 in Guingamp, France at the age of 81.
References
1940 births
2021 deaths
French movie actors
French stage actors
Actors from Paris
Le Tréport

Le Treport is a commune of Seine-Maritime near Dieppe. Situated on the coast of the Channel, it marks the border with Picardie. It's an important fishing harbor. Pebble beaches of Le Treport are famous. It was the theatre of a famous battle of World War II, the Operation Jubilee.
Communes in Seine-Maritime
Chammes

Chammes is a former commune of 328 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Sainte-Suzanne-et-Chammes.
References
Former communes in Mayenne
Marmoutier

Marmoutier is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France. It is the site of the former Marmoutier Abbey.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean

Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean is a region in Quebec, Canada.
Regions of Quebec
Hacksaw

A hacksaw is a tool for sawing. A hacksaw is designed for cutting materials like very thin metals and plastic. It has a handle on one end, and can be either pushed or pulled across the object being cut. There are manual and electric hacksaws.
Cutting tools
Female Age-Mates

Female Age-Mates () is a 1959 Soviet drama movie directed by Vasili Ordynsky. It stars Lyudmila Krylova, Lidiya Fedoseyeva-Shukshina, and Margarita Koselyeva.
Actors
Lyudmila Krylova as Svetlana
Lidiya Fedoseyeva-Shukshina as Tanya (as Lidiya Fedoseeva)
Margarita Koselyeva as Kira (as Margarita Koshelyova)
Vladimir Kostin as Vassya
Vsevolod Safonov as Arkadi
Kirill Stolyarov as Yurotschka
References
Other websites
1959 drama movies
Soviet drama movies
Movies directed by Vasili Ordynsky
Eurystheus

In Greek mythology, Eurystheus (; - "broad strength") was the king of Tiryns and Mycenae. He was the son of Sthenelus. He was the one whom Herakles had to serve as penance for the murder of his family.
People in Greek mythology
Ferros

Ferros is an Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais.
References
Municipalities in Minas Gerais
Chief Justice of Iran

The Chief Justice of Iran is the head of the Judicial system of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Head of Judiciary).
The Chief Justice is also the highest judge of the Supreme Court of Iran.
The Chief Justice can serve for two five-year terms.
List of Chief Justices since 1979
References
Murder of Anastasiya Meshcheryakova

Anastasiya Meshcheryakova (August 16, 2011 - February 29, 2016) was a 4-year old Russian girl who was murdered and beheaded on 29 February 2016 in Moscow by her Uzbek nanny, Gulchehra Boboqulova, who had been looking after her for three years.
References
2011 births
2016 deaths
Murder in 2016
Murdered children
2010s in Russia
2010s murders in Europe
Jeff Fortenberry

Jeffrey Lane Fortenberry (born December 27, 1960) is an American politician, economist, and convicted felon. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 2005 to 2022. He represented . He is a member of the Republican Party.
In May 2021, Fortenberry was one of 35 Republicans who joined all Democrats in voting to approve legislation to create the January 6 commission to investigate the storming of the U.S. Capitol.
In October 2021, a federal grand jury indicted Fortenberry on charges of lying to investigators. On March 24, 2022, Fortenberry was convicted of all three counts of making false statements to investigators and hiding information. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy said he should resign. On March 26, 2022, Fortenberry announced he would resign from Congress in five days on March 31.
References
1960 births
Living people
American economists
American criminals
United States representatives from Nebraska
People from Lincoln, Nebraska
People from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Politicians from Louisiana
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Juvanzé

Juvanze is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Juvanze
A. J. Langer

Allison Joy Langer (born May 22, 1974) is an American TV and movie actress. She acted as Rayanne Graff in the drama show My So-Called Life. Langer also acted as Erica Warner in the TV show Private Practice.
She was born in Columbus, Ohio. She moved to the San Fernando Valley with her family at age five.
References
American television actors
Actors from Ohio
1974 births
Living people
William P. Murphy Jr.

William P. Murphy Jr. (born November 11, 1923) is an American medical doctor. He is known for being the inventor of medical devices including a flexible sealed blood bag used for blood transfusions.
He is the son of the American physician William Parry Murphy who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934.
References
1923 births
Living people
American physicians
American inventors
Scientists from Boston
Businesspeople from Boston
Shiro Hashimitsu

Shiro Hashimitsu (born 28 December 1972) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}
References
1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Kyoto
Kari (moon)

Kari or Saturn XLV (provisional designation S/2006 S 2) is a moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on June 26, 2006, from observations taken between January and April 2006.
Kari is about 7 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 22,305,100 km in 1243.71 days, at an inclination of 148.4deg to the ecliptic (151.5deg to Saturn's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.3405.
It was named in April 2007 after Kari, son of Fornjot, the personification of wind in Norse mythology.
References
Institute for Astronomy Saturn Satellite Data
IAUC 8727: Satellites of Saturn 2006 June 30 (discovery)
MPEC 2006-M45: Eight New Satellites of Saturn 2006 June 26 (discovery and ephemeris)
IAUC 8826: Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn (subscription-only) 2007 April 5 (Naming the moon)
Saturn's moons
Payyanur

Payyanur is a town and municipality in Kannur district in the state of Kerala in India. This municipality is formed by three administrative villages: Vellur, Korom and Payyanur. Other villages are: Annur and Kokkanissery. The town is on the banks of the Perumba River.
Towns in Kerala
Shining Through

Shining Through is a 1992 American-British World War II romantic drama movie. It is about 1940 in Germany. Michael Douglas plays Ed. Melanie Griffith plays secretary Linda. Liam Neeson plays Franz-Otto.
The movie was not successful, though it did make over $13 million in profits over a budget of $30 million. The movie was called the Worst Picture of 1992 by the Razzie Awards. The critics did not like it.
Other websites
1992 romance movies
1992 drama thriller movies
1990s war movies
20th Century Fox movies
American romantic thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
American war movies
1990s British drama movies
British thriller movies
British war movies
Movies set in Germany
Movies set in the 1940s
World War II movies
Vocance

Vocance is a commune in the Ardeche department in south France.
Communes in Ardeche
Dog fighting

Dog fighting is a blood sport that involves several dogs fighting at one time; sometimes many dogs are involved. The practice of dog fighting goes back to the ancient times. Dog fighting is forbidden in Australia, the United States and Canada. All fifty U.S. States classify dog fighting as a felony and attending a dog fight is not allowed in many US States.
In dog fighting breeds, gameness is valued as it gives the dog the ability to maintain the attack in baiting, despite ripped flesh, dehydration, exhaustion or broken bones. As one writer describes it, "Game is the dog that won't quit fighting, the dog that'll die in the ring, the dog that'll fight with two broken legs." Training of a game dog varies depending on the level and experience of the dog-fighter. A famous American "gamebred" breed of dog is the American Pit Bull Terrier. A famous Irish "gamebred" breed of dog is the Kerry Blue Terrier. A famous English "gamebred" breed of dog is the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. A famous Japanese "gamebred" breed of dog is the Tosa Inu. A famous Argentinian "gamebred" breed of dog is the Dogo Argentino.
Sports involving animals
Crime
Violence in sports
John Kneebone

John Thomas Kneebone (1935 - 28 June 2020) was a New Zealand farming leader. He was elected as president of Federated Farmers in 1974. He was appointed to the Waitangi Tribunal in 1989. He was the inspiration behind the National Agricultural Fieldays in 1969.
In the 1988 New Year Honours, Kneebone was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, for public services and services to agriculture.
He died in Cambridge on 28 June 2020, aged 84.
References
1935 births
2020 deaths
New Zealand people
Chris Dickerson (bodybuilder)

Henri Christophe "Chris" Dickerson (August 25, 1939 - December 23, 2021) was an American professional bodybuilder. He was born in Montgomery, Alabama. He won Mr. Olympia in 1982. He retired in 1994.
Dickerson died on December 23, 2021 at the age of 82.
References
Other websites
IFBB Hall of Fame
1939 births
2021 deaths
American bodybuilders
Sportspeople from Alabama
People from Montgomery, Alabama
Duchy

A duchy is a territory or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. Historically, some duchies in Continental Europe were sovereign, while others (especially in France and Britain) were subordinate districts of a kingdom.
Traditionally, a grand duchy, such as Luxembourg, was generally independent and sovereign. Sovereign duchies were common in the Holy Roman Empire and German-speaking areas. In France, a number of duchies existed in the medieval period. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom still holds the medieval French title of Duke of Normandy; the only lands still attached to the Duchy of Normandy are the Channel Islands.
In medieval England, the territories of Lancashire and Cornwall were made duchies, with certain powers given to their Dukes.
Today, duchies aren't very common in Europe, primarily because a lot of former monarchies such as France and Russia had their revolutions. However, duchies will always be remembered - in our history textbooks.
Other websites
The Duchy of Cornwall - On the Prince of Wales' official web-site
Tyr Gwyr Gweryn The Duchy charters, Cornish foreshore case and much more in full
Forms of government
Yalata, South Australia

Yalata is an Aboriginal community on the coast of South Australia. It is about west of Ceduna. The reserve, Yalata Aboriginal Land, covers and spans about of the Eyre Highway. It is one of 74 local government areas in South Australia.
The people who originally live in this region are Wirangu and Mirning. However, most of the people who live at Yalata are Pitjantjatjara, who originally come from the north (Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara). They speak a southern dialect of the Pitjantjatjara language. This is spoken as a first language in most homes (58% in 2006). The other groups making up the land's traditional owners are the Kokatha, Yankunytjatjara, Antakirinja, Pindiini and Ngalea, which are all nations of the Western Desert.
Pitjantjatjara were forced to move here by the Australian government in the 1950s. Large parts of their land in the north were made into the Woomera Test Range, a weapons testing area. The families were first moved south, to a Christian mission at Ooldea. They were moved to Yalata, even further south, in 1952. This second move was done because of nuclear-weapon tests being done at Maralinga and Emu Field. The title to the lands around Maralinga (Maralinga Tjarutja) was given back to the Aboriginal people by the South Australian Parliament in December 1984. People from Yalata and further inland resettled on the land in 1995.
A total of 82% of residents identify their main religion as Lutheran.
References
Other websites
Yalata Community
Yalata Indigenous Protected Area
Atlas of South Australia
Towns in South Australia
Indigenous Australian communities
Local government areas of Australia
Pitjantjatjara
1994 establishments in Oceania
1990s establishments in Australia
New Burnside, Illinois

New Burnside is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Cobalt oxide

Cobalt oxide can refer to either of the following:
Cobalt(II) oxide, CoO, black powder
Cobalt(II,III) oxide, Co3O4, black powder
Cobalt(III) oxide, Co2O3, black powder
Related pages
Cobalt(II) hydroxide, Co(OH)2, red or blue-green powder
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon

Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (February 17, 1490 - May 6, 1527) was a French prince from the House of Bourbon.
Life
Charles was the second son of Gilbert, Duke of Montpensier and his wife Clara Gonzaga. In 1505, he married Suzanne, the daughter of Peter II, Duke of Bourbon. By the age of 15, he became the richest noble in Europe. Charles fought at the Battle of Marignano in 1515 and King Francis I took away Charles's lands after the death of Charles's wife Suzanne in 1521 because Charles did not want to marry Francis's mother Louise of Savoy. This made Charles very angry at King Francis and caused Charles to seek an alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor and also with King Henry VIII of England. In 1527, Charles's army participated in the Sack of Rome, where Charles himself was killed.
References
French princes
French military people
D. Lowell Jensen

Delwen Lowell Jensen (born June 3, 1928) is an American federal judge and lawyer. He is a member of the Democrat. He served as United States Associate Attorney General from 1983 through 1985 during the Ronald Reagan presidency. Appointed by President Reagan, he served as Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California from June 25, 1986 through June 27, 1997.
Jensen was born in Brigham City, Utah. He received a Juris Doctor at the University of California, Berkeley.
References
Other websites
Civil Rights Greensboro: D. Lowell Jensen
1928 births
Living people
American judges
Lawyers from Utah
Politicians from California
Politicians from Utah
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Lawyers from California
Al-Saadi Qadhafi

Al-Saadi Qadhafi (born 25 May 1973), is a former football player. He played for the Libya national team. He is the third son of former leader Muammar Gaddafi. In 2011, he was the commander of Libya's Special Forces. He was involved in the Libyan civil war.
Club career statistics
|-
|2003-04||rowspan="2"|Perugia||Serie A||1||0
|-
|2004-05||Serie B||0||0
|-
|2005-06||Udinese||Serie A||1||0
|-
|2006-07||Sampdoria||Serie A||0||0
2||0
2||0
|}
References
1973 births
Living people
African footballers
People from Tripoli
Ligurian Republic

The Ligurian Republic (, Ligurian: Repubbrica Ligure) was a client republic (a puppet state) formed by Napoleon I of France on 14 June 1797, after his army occupied Italy. It consisted of the old Republic of Genoa which Napoleon abolished and which covered most of the Ligurian region of northwest Italy, and the small Imperial fiefs owned by the House of Savoy inside its territory. Its first constitution was passed on 22 December 1797, establishing a Directorial republic.
History
The directory was overthrown on 7 December 1799 and the executive was temporarily replaced by a commission. In 1800 a Doge was nominated for 5 years. In 1802 he was nominated for life. The Doge had no real powers, because he and the state were controlled by Napoleon and his army. Despite the appearance as a constitutional republic with a constitution and a legislature, almost everything was decided by Napoleon, like in all the other French client states.
The state was briefly occupied by the Austrian army in 1800, but Napoleon soon returned with his army. A new constitution was published in 1801, establishing institutions more similar to those of the previous Genoan Republic, with a Doge who was president of a senate. The Ligurian Republic used the traditional Genoese flag, a red cross on a white background.
In June 1805, the Ligurian Republic was annexed by the French to the French Empire.
After the fall of Napoleon in 1814, the republic was briefly restored between 28 April and 28 July. Following the Congress of Vienna it was awarded to the Kingdom of Sardinia and annexed on 3 January 1815.
References
Liguria
18th century in Italy
Former republics
Puppet states
Former countries in Europe
1797 establishments
1800s disestablishments in Europe
States and territories disestablished in the 19th century
18th-century establishments in Italy
19th-century disestablishments in Italy
Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of China. It was written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century. Nowadays, it is still hugely popular in East Asia.
Chinese literature
14th-century books
Mount Auburn, Iowa

Mount Auburn is a city in Iowa in the United States. The population was 162 in 2020 census
References
Cities in Iowa
On Our Merry Way

On Our Merry Way is a 1948 American comedy movie directed by Leslie Fenton, George Stevens, John Huston, King Vidor. It stars Paulette Goddard, Burgess Meredith, James Stewart, Henry Fonda, Harry James, Dorothy Lamour, Victor Moore, Dorothy Ford, Fred MacMurray, Hugh Herbert and was distributed by United Artists.
Other websites
On Our Merry Way at the Internet Movie Database
1948 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Leslie Fenton
Movies directed by George Stevens
Movies directed by John Huston
Movies directed by King Vidor
Maddy Horn

Madeline "Maddy" Horn (June 10, 1911 - July 2, 1971) was an American long track speed skater in the 1930s.
She became during her career North American outdoor and indoor Champion. She also became national outdoor and indoor champion, winning the indoor and outdoor all around championships four times each.
She represented her nation at the 1938 World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Women, where she finished second in the 500m and 1000m. She also competed in other international competitions, winning several races in Norway. She won 65 of her last 69 races. Horn set the 220 record in 20.2 seconds.
She was inducted into the National Speedskating Hall of Fame on May 14, 1966 in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
She trained in other sports, such as softball.
References
1911 births
1971 deaths
American speed skaters
British Rail Class 101

The British Rail Class 101 diesel multiple units were built by Metro-Cammell at Washwood Heath in Birmingham from 1956 to 1959, following the construction of a series of prototype units. This class proved to be the most successful and longest-lived of all BR's First Generation DMUs, with the final five units being withdrawn on 24 December 2003. The oldest set was, by then just over 47 years old.
101
BREL locomotives
Washington Heights, Chicago

Washington Heights is one of the 77 official community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the far south side of the city. It has a population of 27,453.
The CTA red line stop at 95th St. is also available along the Dan Ryan Expressway in nearby Roseland.
Washington Heights is a stronghold of the Democratic Party. In the 2016 presidential election, Washington Heights cast 13,709 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 229 votes for Donald Trump.
References
Community areas of Chicago
Jeffrey Donovan

Jeffrey Thomas Donovan (born May 11, 1968) is an American actor. He played Michael Westen in the television series Burn Notice.
He starred in the movies Hitch, Believe in Me, Changeling and Come Early Morning. He played Robert F. Kennedy in Clint Eastwood's J. Edgar (2011) and his brother John F. Kennedy in Rob Reiner's LBJ.
He played Dodd in the second season of the TV series Fargo (2015).
References
1968 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Massachusetts
Anglo-Frisian languages

The Anglo-Frisian languages are West Germanic languages, which include Anglic (or English) and Frisian. They are different from other West Germanic languages because of a number of sound changes. This is an old classification, which classified the Germanic languages into the Anglo-Frisian languages, and Germanic languages (such as German).
Since about the 1960s, the model is that there was a language called North Sea Germanic, which included all of these.
West Germanic languages
SS Great Eastern

The SS Great Eastern (Nicknamed: Leviathan, or Great Babe) was a British ship built during the Victorian Era, which held the title of the largest passenger ship in the world for 4 decades (1859-99).
It was designed by the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, famous for having designed bridges such as the Clifton Suspension Bridge or the Maidenhead Railway Bridge, it was 211 meters long, had a capacity of 4,000 passengers, 17,915 gross tons and was propelled by sail masts, lateral blades and a screw propeller.
References
Other websites
Great Eastern on thegreatoceanliners.com
Maritimequest SS Great Eastern Photo Gallery
Ships
1859 establishments in the United Kingdom
1889 disestablishments
Archaea

The Archaea (or Archea) are a group of single-celled organisms. The name comes from Greek arkhaia, "old ones". They are a major division of living organisms.
Archaea are tiny, simple organisms. They were originally discovered in extreme environments (extremophiles), but are now thought to be common to more average conditions. Many can survive at very high (over 80 degC) or very low temperatures, or highly salty, acidic or alkaline water. Some have been found in geysers, black smokers, oil wells, and hot vents in the deep ocean. Recent research has found ammonia-eating archaea in soil and seawater.
In the past they had been classed with bacteria as prokaryotes (or Kingdom Monera) and named archaebacteria, but this is a mistake. The Archaea have an independent evolutionary history and show many differences in their biochemistry from other forms of life. They are now classified as a separate domain in the three-domain system. In this system, the three distinct branches of evolutionary descent are the Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryota.
Archaea are, like bacteria, prokaryotes: single-celled organisms that do not have nuclei and cell organelles of the eukaryote type.
Comparison to other domains
The following table compares some major characteristics of the three domains, to illustrate their similarities and differences. Many of these characteristics are also discussed below.
=
Interesting facts about archaea:
No archaean species can do photosynthesis.
Archaea only reproduce asexually.
Archaea show high levels of horizontal gene transfer between lineages.
Many archaea live in extreme environments.
Unlike bacteria, no archaea produce spores.
Archaea are common in the ocean, and especially in the plankton. They make up to 20% of all microbial cells in the ocean.p475
Carl Woese discovered the Archaea in 1978.
Related pages
Carl Woese
Earliest known life forms
Methanogen
Further reading
Barry E.R. & Bell S.D. 2006. DNA replication in the Archaea. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews (MMBR) 70, 876-887.
Kelman L.M. & Kelman Z. 2003. Archaea: An archetype for replication initiation studies? Molecular microbiology'', 48''', 605-615.
Other websites
Archaea -Citizendium
References
Archaeans
Prokaryotes
Microbiology
Bob Wilson

Bob Wilson may refer to:
Association footballers
Bob Wilson (footballer, born 1867) (1867-?), Irish international footballer of the 1880s
Bob Wilson (footballer, born 1928) (1928-2006), English footballer for Preston North End and Tranmere Rovers
Bob Wilson (footballer, born 1934), Scottish footballer for Norwich City and Gillingham
Bob Wilson (footballer, born 1941), Scottish international football goalkeeper for Arsenal; later a broadcaster
Bob Wilson (footballer, born 1943), English football goalkeeper
Bob Wilson (New Zealand footballer), New Zealand international football (soccer) player
Other sports players
Bob Wilson (basketball) (1926-2014), American professional basketball player
Robert Wilson (rugby league) (1879-1916), English rugby player of early 20th century
Bob Wilson (rugby union) (1926-1985), Scotland international rugby union player
Bob Wilson (baseball) (1925-1985), played for the 1958 L.A. Dodgers
Bob Wilson (footballer, born 1907) (1907-1982), Australian rules footballer for Richmond
Bob Wilson (footballer, born 1898) (1898-1986), Australian rules footballer for Carlton
Bob Wilson (footballer, born 1945), former Australian rules footballer for Essendon
Bob Wilson (cricketer) (born 1928), English cricketer
Bob Wilson (American football) (1913-1999), American football player
Bob Wilson (ice hockey) (born 1934), Canadian ice hockey player
Other
Bob Wilson (cartoonist) (born 1942), British cartoonist of the Stanley Bagshaw series of children's cartoons
Bob Wilson (economist) (born 1937), American economist and professor at Stanford University
Bob Wilson (sportscaster) (1929-2015), former radio sportscaster for the Boston Bruins
Bob Wilson (politician) (1916-1999), U.S. Representative from California
Bob Wilson (singer) (born c. 1940), Californian singer-guitarist, first to record "(And Her Name Is) Scarlet"
Robert Tudawali, Australian actor also known as Bob or Bobby Wilson
The protagonist of Robert Heinlein's science fiction story "By His Bootstraps"
Related pages
Bob Wilson (Fatal Fury), fictional character from the Fatal Fury series video games
"Bob Wilson - Anchorman", a 2001 song by English indie rock band Half Man Half Biscuit
Robert Wilson (disambiguation)
Bobby Wilson (disambiguation)
Bob Willson (born 1928), TV host
Neufchâtel-en-Saosnois

Neufchatel-en-Saosnois is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Tony Montana

Tony Montana is a fictional character in the movie Scarface who is played by actor Al Pacino. Montana is a Cuban immigrant to the United States. He has antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders and is a drug lord who ruthlessly uses violence to gain wealth. He creates many enemies and they come after him at his mansion, shooting him in the back and killing him.
Fictional murderers
Fictional people with antisocial personality disorder
Movie characters
Narcissism in fiction
Fictional mass murderers
Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)

"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on their 1965 album Rubber Soul. It was mainly written by John Lennon, but listed as being written by Lennon-McCartney. The song was influenced by the lyrics of Bob Dylan. The song had a sitar played by George Harrison, which was the first time this had been done in Western rock music. The song was a number one in Australia, where it was released as a single. Rolling Stone magazine said it was the 83rd-greatest song of all time.
Personnel
Personnel per Walter Everett
John Lennon - double-tracked vocals, acoustic guitar
Paul McCartney - bass guitar, harmony vocals
George Harrison - 12-string acoustic guitar, double-tracked sitar
Ringo Starr - tambourine, bass drum
References
Citations
Bibliography
The Beatles songs
Jan & Dean songs
1965 songs
1960s ballads
Rock ballads
Folk ballads
Folk rock songs
English Electric Lightning

The English Electric Lightning is a British fighter jet. It is a twin-turbojet. It was used by the Royal Air Force for the Cold War and by air forces of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
Royal Air Force aircraft
British military aircraft
Military of Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
Shiaphobia

Anti-Shi'ism (pronounced: Anti, She, ism) or Shiaphobia is the prejudice against or hatred of Shia Muslims. Shia Muslims make up somewhere between 10 and 20 percent of Muslims worldwide. Sunni Islam and Shia Islam split because the two groups have different beliefs about the type of person that could become a caliph, a top leader of Muslim peoples. Shias believed the leader should be related to the Prophet Muhammad. Sunnis believed the leader should be chosen for his ability to lead the community ( it's not because the leader should be related but because the prophet Mohammed said in the ghadeer that Ali will be the leader after him which they didn't follow.
The two groups have lived together peacefully for centuries. Shia and Sunni have not only lived together they have intermarried in many cases. But modern politics and recent events have sparked new fighting between the two groups. Modern Anti-Shi'ism violence is just a part of the overall conflict. It is one result of the collapse of authoritarian rule in the region.
References
Discrimination
Religious violence
Hadi Norouzi

Hadi Norouzi (; 22 June 1985 - 1 October 2015) was an Iranian footballer. He played as a striker and winger. He was best known for playing for Persepolis, and became the club's captain two months before his death. He also had spells with clubs Pasargad Tehran, Fajr Sepah Tehran, Gahar Zagros and Naft Tehran. Norouzi was born in Babol, Mazandaran Province.
Norouzi died from a heart attack on 1 October 2015 in Tehran. He was 30.
References
Other websites
Hadi Norouzi at PersianLeague.com
Hadi Norouzi at TeamMelli.com
1985 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Iran
Iranian footballers
Mazandaran Province
Rhacophorus borneensis

The Bornean flying frog (Rhacophorus borneensis) is a frog. Scientists have seen it in Borneo in Malaysia.
This frog lives high in tall trees, so scientists do not know much about it. They do not know what the male frog sounds like when he sings. They do not know what the eggs or tadpoles look like. Scientists saw some frogs sitting on branches 1 m over a pool of water, so they think the frogs might lay eggs on branches so that tadpoles fall into the water when they hatch.
This frog is about 50.9 mm long from nose to rear end. It has large disks on its toes for climbing. Its feet have webbed skin all the way to the climbing disks. This frog has green skin on its back and a white mouth. The skin of the front legs near the body is black with yellow spots and blue spots. The skin of the sides is yellow-orange with black spots. Some of the webbed skin is yellow-orange. Some is black with blue marks. The skin of the belly is yellow-orange in color. The iris of the eye is red in color. Male and female frogs both have black color on their back legs, but the female also has blue spots.
There are fewer of this frog than there were because people catch the frogs to sell as pets, because people cut down forests to get wood to build things with, and because people catch the frog to use it to make medicines.
References
Frogs of Asia
Deux-Jumeaux

Deux-Jumeaux is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Alytus

Alytus is a city in Lithuania. It is the capital of Alytus County.
History
Alytus was first mentioned in 1337 by Wigand of Marburg in his written chronicles.
References
Cities in Lithuania
Tricolour

Tricolor or tricolour (meaning "three colours") is, in most cases, a flag or banner that has three colours. Tricolour is a specific type of a flag with three stripes. The stripes can be horizontal (across), vertical (up and down) or diagonal (neither up and down nor across).
Flags
Color
Gunnar Garbo

Gunnar Garbo (19 April 1924 - 29 June 2016) was a Norwegian journalist, politician and ambassador.
He represented the Liberal Party of Norway at the Norwegian Parliament during four electoral periods. He served from 1958 to 1973. He was leader for the party from 1964 to 1970. He was ambassador in Dar es Salaam from 1987 to 1992.
References
Other websites
Gunnar Garbo biography
1924 births
2016 deaths
Ambassadors of Norway
Norwegian journalists
Norwegian politicians
Imboden, Arkansas

Imboden is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
Jean-François Garreaud

Jean-Francois Garreaud (1 April 1946 - 9 July 2020) was a French actor. Garreaud was born in Montmorency, Val-d'Oise, France. His best-known role is that of Jean Dabin in Violette Noziere, released in 1978. He was also known for his role as Henri in I as in Icarus in 1979.
Garreaud died on 9 July 2020 in Saint-Jory-de-Chalais, France at the age of 74.
References
1946 births
2020 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
Actors from Paris
Cosimo Rosselli

Cosimo Rosselli (1439 - after 1506) was an Italian painter, active mainly in his birthplace of Florence.
Related pages
List of Italian painters
1439 births
1500s deaths
People from Florence
15th-century Italian painters
Basic Instinct

Basic Instinct is a 1992 American erotic thriller. The movie was directed by Paul Verhoeven and stars Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone. Douglas plays a San Francisco police detective who investigates the murder of a rich rock star. During this investigation he gets personally involved with the prime suspect, Catherine Tramell (played by Stone), having an affair with her. The movie generated a lot of controversy due to its strong and graphic violence and violent sex scenes. It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists for its portrayal of a bisexual woman as a narcissistic psychopath. The movie was given mixed reviews, but it took in millions at the box office. It was originally under a rating of NC-17. It was later edited down for an R rating before release.
It was followed by a sequel, Basic Instinct 2.
Other websites
1992 crime thriller movies
1990s erotic movies
1990s LGBT movies
1990s mystery movies
1990s serial killer movies
American crime thriller movies
American erotic movies
American LGBT movies
American mystery movies
American serial killer movies
British crime thriller movies
British LGBT movies
French thriller movies
French LGBT movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
1990s English-language movies
Film noir
LGBT crime movies
LGBT erotic movies
LGBT thriller movies
Movies about writers
Movies set in San Francisco
Narcissism in fiction
NC-17 rated movies
Movies directed by Paul Verhoeven
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
Obscenity controversies
Kevin Federline

Kevin Earl Federline (born March 21, 1978) is an American entertainer, who dances, raps and models as his job. He is famous for being the former husband of pop singer Britney Spears. Federline has 4 kids, 2 with actress Shar Jackson and 2 with Spears.
1978 births
Living people
American dancers
Rappers from California
Britney Spears
People from Fresno, California
Mino Caprio

Mino Caprio born as Guglielmo Caprio (Rome, November 1955) is an Italian actor and voice actor.
He is the Italian voice of Peter Griffin from the cartoon Family Guy.
Italian voice actors
Italian actors
1955 births
People from Rome
Living people
Christian naturism

Naturist Christians are the Christians who practice naturism or nudism, and are a part of the clothes-free movement. They believe that the human body was the greatest making of God. It is not shameful and should not be covered. Naturist Christians can be found in almost all of the different groups of Christianity, called "denominations". They do not find any conflict with the teachings of the Bible, and living their lives and worshiping God without any clothing. However, most have various differences with New Age and man-centered philosophy (called "humanism") which is common among other naturists and wish to be separated from it. This includes not worshiping nature at all.
Garden of Eden
In the Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve were living in the Garden of Eden as 'man and wife' . They ate the fruit not allowed by God, after being talked into it by the devil in the form of a snake. Then their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked. So, they gathered fig leaves to be used as simple clothing to cover their sexual organs. These became lacking very quickly, and Adam and Eve hid themselves from God in the trees.
God to Adam (with Eve) "Who told you that you are naked?" ()
naturism
Christian movements and denominational families
Protopunk

Protopunk is a term used to describe the precursors of punk rock. Many of the artists whose sound helped pave the way for punk came from the 1960s and early 1970s. Some have been cited by early punk musicians as influential. These artists came from many different musical backgrounds.
Bands
Below is a list of notable bands who influenced early punk rock.
Peru
Los Saicos
United States
The Velvet Underground
MC5
The Stooges
The Modern Lovers
The Sonics
New York Dolls
Lou Reed
Television
Death
Captain Beefheart
Patti Smith
Richard Hell
Rocket from the Tombs
Love
Germany
Neu!
Britain
David Bowie
The Kinks
The Who
Roxy Music
Doctors of Madness
Hawkwind
References
Rock music
Punk rock
Mario Golf (video game)

is a sports video game made by Camelot Software for the Nintendo. The game got very good reviews, including 91% in favor on Metacritic and 7.2 out of 10 from GameSpot.
References
1999 video games
Game Boy Color games
Nintendo 64 games
Mario sports games
Pete Hamilton

Peter "Pete" Hamilton (July 20, 1942 - March 21, 2017) was an American NASCAR racer. He was born in Dedham, Massachusetts. He won four times in his career (including the 1970 Daytona 500), three times driving for Petty Enterprises.
Hamilton died in Boston, Massachusetts on March 21, 2017, aged 74.
References
Other websites
"2 Minutes With.." Interview Video
1942 births
2017 deaths
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt is a video game that came out in 2015. It was made by CD Projekt Red and was based on The Witcher series of books. It is a sequel to the game The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings, which came out in 2011. The game is set in a fantasy world, and is played in third-person.
The game got very positive reviews when it came out. Its gameplay, story, combat, world, and graphics were all considered good. The biggest complaint about the game was its technical problems.
Notes
Refences
2015 video games
Windows games
PlayStation 5 games
PlayStation 4 games
Xbox Series X and Series S games
Xbox One games
Nintendo Switch games
Zbigniew Namysłowski

Zbigniew Jacek Namyslowski (9 September 1939 - 7 February 2022) was a Polish jazz alto saxophonist, flautist, cellist, trombonist, pianist and composer. He was born in Warsaw, Poland. He worked on the Krzysztof Komeda album Astigmatic recorded in 1965.
Namyslowski died on 7 February 2022 in Warsaw at the age of 82.
References
1939 births
2022 deaths
Polish composers
Polish pianists
Saxophonists
Cellists
Entertainers from Warsaw
Writers from Warsaw
Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust

The Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust is a land trust for a large block of land in the southwest corner of the Northern Territory, Australia. It was created by law in July 1978. The block of land (called Northern Territory Portion 1634) covers an area of . It makes up most of the area of the old Petermann Reserve (1920-1977). The land's traditional owners are mostly Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Luritja people. This includes residents of Kaltukatjara and over 50 family outstations.
The block held by the Petermann ALT is surrounded by other Aboriginal land blocks on all sides. It borders the Ngaanyatjarra Lands to the west (in Western Australia), the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands to the south (in South Australia), Haasts Bluff Aboriginal Land Trust to the north, and Katiti and Urrampinyi Iltjiltajarri Aboriginal Land Trusts to the east.
History
In March 1920, an area of land in the southwest corner of the Northern Territory was made into an aboriginal reservation, called the Petermann Reserve. It was meant to be a temporary refuge (safe place) for the Aboriginal families living in the area, many of whom were still living traditional, nomadic lifestyles. It bordered other large reserves created in Western Australia and South Australia, and together the area was known as the Central Australian Aboriginal Reserve. In 1940, the Petermann Reserve was made smaller, to allow people to look for gold. It was made smaller again in 1958, when the government excised the area around Uluru and Kata Tjuta to create the Ayers Rock-Mt Olga National Park.
In 1976, the Commonwealth Parliament passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act, which allowed for Aboriginal communities to be granted freehold title to land if they could show that they lived on the land for many years. Section 4 of the act gave the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs the power to establish Aboriginal Land Trusts to look after the title. The trusts would be established by publishing notices in the government gazette. In 1977, the old Petermann Reserve land was transferred to the Petermann Land Trust and to other Aboriginal land-owning corporations. The boundaries of the Petermann trust were first described in the Gazette on 21 July 1978. They were later made into law by Act No. 109 of 1985, which went into effect on 16 October 1985.
References
Aboriginal Land Trusts
Northern Territory
Pitjantjatjara
1978 establishments in Australia
Dante Gabriel Rossetti

Dante Gabriel Rossetti (12 May 1828 - 9 April 1882) was an English poet, illustrator, painter and translator. His sister was the poet Christina Rossetti. He was a leading light of the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood.
1828 births
1882 deaths
English writers
English poets
English painters
Artists from London
Writers from London
British translators
British illustrators
List of governors of Alabama

This is list of the governors of U.S. state Alabama
List of governors
References
Notes
Alabama
governors
Denise

Denise is a female given name. It is pronounced [ duh-nees, -neez ].It is a feminine form of the masculine name Dennis. The name Denise means "to be devoted to Bacchus". This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).,
People
Deniece Williams, American R&B and soul singer
Denise Richards, American actress
Denise Darcel, actress
Denise Robertson, British writer and television broadcaster (1932-2016)
Denise Lewis, British athlete
References
Given names
Balaenoptera omurai

Balaenoptera omurai is a species of whale. Little is known about it. It is called the dwarf fin whale, the little fin whale, or Omura's whale. It gets up to 11. 5 meters (about 38 feet) long. It lives in the Indo-Pacific.
Balaenoptera omurai is one of the Bryde's whales, a group of closely related and similar whales.
Baleen whales