pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Toshihiro Aoyama

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Aoyama was born in Kurashiki on February 22, 1986. After graduating from Sakuyo High School, he joined J1 League club Sanfrecce Hiroshima in 2004. He played many matches as defensive midfielder from 2006. Sanfrecce won the J1 League champions in 2012, 2013 and 2015. He was also selected "J.League MVP" in 2015.
In July 2013, Aoyama was selected the Japan national team for 2013 East Asian Cup. At this tournament, he debuted against China on July 21. He played at 2014 World Cup and 2019 Asian Cup. He played 12 games and scored 1 goals for Japan until 2019.
Statistics
|-
|2004||rowspan="18"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="4"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||1||1
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2006||19||1||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||21||2
|-
|2007||28||0||1||1||6||0||colspan="2"|-||35||1
|-
|2008||J2 League||36||4||4||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||40||5
|-
|2009||rowspan="13"|J1 League||29||3||0||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||34||4
|-
|2010||23||0||1||0||5||0||0||0||29||0
|-
|2011||27||2||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||2
|-
|2012||34||2||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||38||2
|-
|2013||33||3||4||0||2||0||3||0||42||3
|-
|2014||25||1||1||0||5||0||8||0||39||1
|-
|2015||33||3||3||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||38||4
|-
|2016||28||2||2||1||2||0||4||0||36||3
|-
|2017||31||0||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||37||0
|-
|2018||34||1||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||36||1
|-
|2019||14||0||3||0||2||0||0||0||19||0
|-
|2020||31||1||colspan="2"|-||1||0||colspan="2"|-||32||1
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
425||23||25||5||42||2||15||0||507||30
425||23||25||5||42||2||15||0||507||30
|}
|-
|2013||3||0
|-
|2014||4||0
|-
|2015||1||1
|-
|2016||0||0
|-
|2017||0||0
|-
|2018||3||0
|-
|2019||1||0
|-
!Total||12||1
|}
References
Other websites
1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Okayama Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Solar wind

The solar wind is a stream of charged particles from the Sun. It is made of charged protons, electrons and plasma shot out of the Sun, and creates the heliosphere. The wind is shot out at hypersonic speed, so fast that it can travel the whole length of the Solar System, nearly one light year.
The particles are dangerous to astronauts and spacecraft. The Earth's magnetic field absorbs or soaks up a lot of the solar wind causing the aurora, the Northern lights and Southern lights.
At a distance of more than a few solar radii from the Sun, the solar wind reaches speeds of 250 to 750 kilometers per second and is supersonic.
A disturbance in the solar wind is called a solar storm. Sometimes it causes a geomagnetic storm. Such a storm in 1989 brought down the Quebec electric power grid and put the entire province in darkness. The largest recorded geomagnetic storm was in September 1-2, 1859. If we were to have another as strong as that one it might cause up to 2 trillion dollars damage.
Solar wind also causes the tail of a comet. When the comet is close enough to the sun that the heat evaporates some of the comet's ice, the motion of the solar wind causes the resulting water vapor and space dust to stream away from the comet. Because it is blown by the solar wind, the comet's tail does not trail behind it, but always points directly away from the sun.
The Solar Wind Composition Experiment of the Apollo program studied the atoms in the solar wind.
References
Sun
Astrophysics
Blooming Grove, Ohio

Blooming Grove is an unincorporated community in Ohio in the United States.
Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Electoral district of Port Adelaide

Port Adelaide is an electoral district of South Australia. It was created in 1857, abolished in 1970 and recreated in 2002.
Port Adelaide is in Adelaide.
Election results
References
Port Adelaide
Trefcon

Trefcon is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
President of the Czech Republic

The President of the Czech Republic is head of state of the Czech Republic. The first President took office in 1993.
List President of the Czech Republic
Political parties
Other factions
Parties
Living former presidents
References
Siraj ud-Daulah

Mirza Muhammad Siraj ud-Daulah, more commonly known as Siraj ud-Daulah (1733 - July 2, 1757), was the last independent Nawab of Bengal. The end of his reign marked the start of British East India Company's rule over Bengal and later almost all of South Asia.
Before all these he was the one who helped Alivardi Khan resist all the 5 invasions of Maratha Confederacy, and 1 invasion of Durrani Empire, he also helped Alivardi in 3 tackle attack on Maratha Confederacy, and 1 tackle attack on Durrani Empire. His reign of just 1 year extended the Nawab of Bengal from Chhattisgarh to Parts of Thailand.
Biography of Siraj-ud-Dllah Dallah Wala Muslim
*Mirza Muhammad Siraj-ud-Daulah was born in Murshidabad,Bengal on 1733 to Zain-Ud-Din-Ahmed-Khan(Father), and Amina Begum(Mother) to a Sunni Muslim family.
*His father was the Diwan of Bihar under the Nawab of Bengal Alivardi Khan.
*His mother was the youngest daughter of Nawab of Bengal Alivardi Khan(Father), and Sharf-Un-Nissa Begum(Mother).
*He was very brave since His childhood, and educationally strong, and intelligent too. He was the scholar of 9 languages, and was really good at Maths, and Science. Because Alivardi Khan wanted him to do so. He studied with his two childhood friend Mir Madan, and Mohanlal.
*His first war in his whole life was at The age of 9 years with Alivardi Khan at the age of 71 years with just 2,500 soldiers against the army of Raghoji Bhonsle, and Bhaskar Pandit with 20,000 soldiers.
*He has killed an Asian Lion without any weapons at age of just 13 years.
*During The Third Battle of Katwa, he defeated 32,000 soldiers of Sikh with just 5,000 specialised cavalry soldiers.
*During the First Battle of Siliguri He, and Alivardi Khan together with just 45,000 soldiers attacked, and defeated the 92,850 soldiers of Durrani Empire under Emperor Jahan-Bakht-Khan.
*During The Second Battle of Haldigram Commander Manikchand of Banga Jala Bahini (Bengal Navy) under Siraj with 45 vessels attacked, and defeated The East India Company Navy with 52 vessels, because of the technological advancement of the Bengal Navy.
*During The Seige of Calcutta Siraj, and Mohanlal took just 50 soldiers, attacked, and defeated the 4,000 soldiers of East India Company in Fort William, Calcutta.
Reign as Nawab Advik
Siraj ud-Daulah received the title of Mansur-ul-Mulk, Seraj-ud-Daulla, Ghaseti Begum"(Victory of the Country, Light of the State, Horror in War). He was to succeed as the Nawab of Bengal in April 1756 AD at the age of twenty seven. Siraj ud-Daulah's nomination to the nawabship caused jealousy and enmity of Mehar-un-nisa Begum or Ghaseti Begum(eldest sister of Siraj's Mother Amina Begum), Raja Rajballabh, Mir Jafar Ali Khan and Shaukat Jang(Siraj's Cousin). Ghaseti Begum possessed huge wealth, which was the source of her influence and strength. On Perceiving serious opposition from her, Siraj ud-Daulah seized her wealth from Moti Jheel Palace and placed her in confinement. The nawab'' also made certain changes in high government positions giving them to his own favorites.
1733 births
1757 deaths
People of British India
Indian monarchs
18th century in India
Issei

is a Japanese language term used in countries in North America and South America to name the Japanese people who immigrated. The emigrants or immigrants who were born in Japan are called Issei; and their children born in the new country are called Nisei (second generation). The grandchildren of Issei are called Sansei (third generation).
The character and uniqueness of the Issei is recognized in its social history.
History
The earliest organized group of Japanese emigrants settled in Mexico in 1897.
Imigration to Brazil began in 1908. Today, the community established by the Issei has become the largest Japanese emigrant population outside of Japan, including approximately 1.5 million Brazilians. Other Issei established themselves in the United States, Canada, and Peru.
In the 1930s, the term Issei came into common use. The word replaced the term "immigrant" (ijusha). This change in usage mirrored an evolution in the way the Issei looked at themselves. The label Issei also included the idea of belonging to the new country. Other terns like Nisei were modeled after this Issei pattern or template.
Cultural profile
The term Nikkei (Ri Xi ) was created by sociologists in the late 20th century. The Nikkei include all of the world's Japanese immigrants and their descendants.
The Issei were born in Japan, and their cultural perspective was primarily Japanese; but they were in America by choice. Their children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren grew up with a national and cultural point-of-view that was different from their parents.
Although the Issei kept an emotional connection with Japan, they created homes in a country far from Japan.
The Issei, Nisei and Sansei generations reflect distinctly different attitudes to authority, gender, non-Japanese involvement, and religious practice, and other matters.
Select list of notable Issei
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Kan'ichi Asakawa (1873-1948), academic, author, peace advocate, historian and librarian
Makoto Hagiwara ( -1925), made the fortune cookie popular
Mazie Hirono (1947- ), 1st US Senator born in Japan
Fujitaro Kubota (1879-1973), American Seattle gardener and philanthropist
Isamu Noguchi (1904-1988), American sculptor and landscape architect
Yoko Ono Lennon (1933- ) artist and musician.
George Masa (1881-1933), activist in creation of Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Yoichiro Nambu (1921 - ), American Nobel Prize winner (2008), Physicist
Jokichi Takamine (1854 - 1922), chemist who isolated adrenaline
Related pages
Japanese American Internment
References
Other websites
Japanese American National Museum
Japanese American Historical Society
Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project
Discover Nikkei
Japanese diaspora
Bloodletting

Blood donation is about donating blood; it does not affect the health of the person donating.
Bloodletting is the practice of withdrawing blood from a patient to cure a disease. The practice was widely used in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. People stopped using it in the 19th century. The idea of bloodletting comes from an ancient system of medicine called Humorism: This system states, that there are different humors in the body. To remain healthy, a patient had to keep these humours in balance. Bloodletting was the most common medical practice performed by physicians from antiquity until the late 19th century, a span of almost 2,000 years.
It was found that only in very few cases, this treatment helps cure a disease. The practice has now been abandoned for all except a few very specific conditions. There was no other treatment for hypertension. Bloodletting could sometimes have had a beneficial effect in temporarily reducing blood pressure by reducing blood volume. The problem with hypertension is that it is difficult to diagonse from its symptoms. Modern methods directly measure blood pressure. In Antiquity, this effect was therefore unintentional. In most cases, the historical use of bloodletting was harmful to patients.
The diseases where bloodletting actually helps include Polycythemia vera. In this disease, the number of red blood cells is increased, which changes the viscosity of the blood. Another disease is Polycythemia, which also leads to an increased number of red blood cells.
References
History of medicine
Koenigsegg

Koenigsegg Automotive AB is a Swedish company that makes cars. They make "super cars", a mixture of sports cars and a fast cars. The main office is in Angelholm, Sweden.
History
The creator and manager of Koenigsegg is Christian E. H. von Koenigsegg. In 1994 he created Koenigsegg as a small company, after years of planning. The designer David Crafoord designed the concept car for Koenigsegg's original drawings. Then, they built a prototype that could be driven. They tested the car for several years and developed it further. In 2002, the company started the series production of the model CC 8S. Koenigsegg CC 8S was named by the Guinness Book of Records for the world's most powerful car with its 1,050 horsepower.
Cars
Koenigsegg's fastest car is Koenigsegg 2013 Agera R. It can go up to 440 km/h (273 mph). In 14,5 seconds the car can go up to 300 km/h (186 mph).
Other websites
References
Koenigsegg website
Automobile companies of Sweden
Market economy

A market economy is economy in which the prices of the products and services are chosen in a free price system that is decided by supply and demand. It began around the late 18th century, after the Industrial Revolution. A key work was Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, 1776.
Market economics has been widely used because of its efficiency (ability to work well). However, it has also been criticized for its selfishness and the difference between the rich and poor. In the real world, market economies are not purely market economies, as societies and governments control them in some ways instead of market forces. The expression free-market economy is sometimes used as the same as market economy. Nobel Prize in Economics winner Ludwig von Mises said that a market economy is still a market economy even if the government joins in pricing.
In a market economy, the following will be true:
The Factors of production are privately owned. Production occurs from an initiative of the owners.
The only way to get revenue is through services, or through the profits of private companies.
There is no planned economy
There are no regulatory economics
The market participants are free to choose the products they buy, the profession they exercise, and whether to save or invest their money.
Sometimes, market economy does not work as expected, the following may be observed:
For certain goods or services there may be monopolies or cartels.
Some goods may be public.
There may be externalities
There may be Information asymmetry, that is not all participants have the same information
Related pages
command economy - contrary notion
market
References
Economics
Gyrocompass

A gyrocompass is a type of compass that does not use magnetism to point north. Normal compasses do not work around magnets, or big pieces of ferrous metal. Gyrocompasses do. This makes them very useful.
A gyrocompass is a non-magnetic compass based on a fast-spinning disc and the rotation of the Earth It automatically finds geographical direction.
Although one part of a gyrocompass is a gyroscope, these are not the same devices. A crucial ingredient is needed to turn a gyroscope into a gyrocompass, so it would automatically position to true north. This is some mechanism that applies torque whenever the compass's axis is not pointing north. Successful methods have two significant advantages over magnetic compasses:
they find true north as determined by Earth's rotation, which is different from, and more useful than, magnetic north, and
they are unaffected by ferromagnetic materials, such as ship's steel hull, which change the magnetic field
Note
Navigation
Tools
Wii Sports Club

Wii Sports Club/Wii Sports 3 is a sports video game for the Wii U. It has high definition ports of the sports seen in the 2006 Wii video game Wii Sports which can be downloaded from the Wii U's eShop service. The first two sports, bowling and tennis, were released in Japan on October 30, 2013, in Europe and North America on November 7, 2013, and in Australia and New Zealand on November 8, 2013. Other sports will be released at a later date.
Like in Wii Sports, players use the Wii Remote to make movements like the ones seen in sports, including tennis, bowling, baseball, golf, and boxing. However, like in Wii Sports Resort, the player has to use the Wii MotionPlus to play the game. Players can join clubs that are of different places around the world. They can play against people in the club. Players can talk to other players with messages and drawings from the Wii U GamePad. The game is really nice because of that.
References
Other websites
2013 video games
Wii U games
Bucket

A bucket is a container with a wide open top and a handle that is mainly used for carrying liquids. In some cases, solids may also be carried in a bucket (like sand which is hard to carry in your hands).
Some buckets are used for work, and some more for leisure, as seen here . A bucket used for work is often made of a strong material such as iron or steel and is used to carry things like coal or soil. A bucket used for leisure, e.g. for making sandcastles, is normally made of plastic.
In rare cases, a bucket may be worn as a piece of clothing, people may wear a bucket on their heads for humorous reasons. Buckethead is a famous example of this.
Basic English 850 words
Containers
Catenanuova

Catenanuova is a comune in the province of Enna, in the Sicily region in southern Italy. About 4,900 people live there.
Settlements in Sicily
Olivone

Olivone was a municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
In 2005, the people in charge of the cantons said that Olivone would merge with 4 other villages to become a new municipality of Blenio.
References
Other websites
Official website
Former municipalities of Ticino
2006 disestablishments in Switzerland
Monarchy of Sweden

The monarchy of Sweden is the monarchical head of state of Sweden. Sweden is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. Sweden was originally an elective monarchy, it became an hereditary monarchy in the 16th century during the rule of Gustav Vasa.
References
Monarchies of Europe
Government of Sweden
Düren (district)

Duren is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
History
The district was created in 1972 by joining the old districts of Julich and Duren. Both districts date back to 1816 when the new Prussian province of Rhineland was created.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms shows the lion from the city of Julich in the upper part. In the bottom it has a paper roll with the capital letter D for Duren, because the paper industry has long history. The coat of arms were granted in 1942 and confirmed in 1972.
Towns and municipalities
Other websites
Official website (German)
Roméo LeBlanc

Romeo-Adrien LeBlanc (December 18, 1927June 24, 2009) was a Canadian journalist and politician. He was the 25th Governor General of Canada from 1995 through 1999.
LeBlanc died on June 24, 2009 in Grande-Digue, New Brunswick from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 81.
References
Other websites
Website of the Governor General of Canada entry for Romeo LeBlanc
Library and Archives Canada entry for Romeo LeBlanc
1927 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Canada
Canadian journalists
Governors General of Canada
People from New Brunswick
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Order of Canada
Rocky the Flying Squirrel

Rocket "Rocky" J. Squirrel, also known as Rocky the Flying Squirrel is a plucky flying squirrel and one of the two main protagonists of the 1959-1964 animated television series The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, produced by Jay Ward. Rocky is the best friend and ally of the western moose Bullwinkle. Both Rocky and Bullwinkle were given the middle initial "J" as a reference to Ward.
Voice actor June Foray was Rocky's voice.
References
Fictional animals
Fictional characters introduced in the 1950s
Blesmes

Blesmes is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Central Slovenia Statistical Region

The Central Slovenia Statistical Region () is a statistical region in central Slovenia.
Municipalities
The Central Slovenia Statistical Region has 25 municipalities:
Borovnica
Brezovica
Dobrepolje
Dobrova-Polhov Gradec
Dol pri Ljubljani
Domzale
Grosuplje
Horjul
Ig
Ivancna Gorica
Kamnik
Komenda
Ljubljana
Logatec
Log-Dragomer
Lukovica
Medvode
Menges
Moravce
Skofljica
Smartno pri Litiji
Trzin
Velike Lasce
Vodice
Vrhnika
The municipality of Litija was part of the region until 1 January 2015; it became part of the Central Sava Statistical Region in 2015.
References
Establishments in Slovenia
2005 establishments in Europe
Statistical regions of Slovenia
Beril Dedeoğlu

Hatice Beril Dedeoglu (9 December 1961 - 13 March 2019) was a Turkish academic and politician. She was born in Ankara. She was the Minister of European Union Affairs led by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu between 22 September and 17 November 2015. She worked as a columnist for the newspapers Star, Today's Zaman, Zaman, Agos and Yeni Safak.
Dedeoglu died on 13 March 2019 from a cerebral hemorrhage in Ankara, aged 57.
References
1961 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Turkish writers
Turkish academics
Columnists
Politicians from Ankara
Larry Sharpe (politician)

Larry Sharpe (born July 12, 1968) is an American business consultant, entrepreneur, and political activist. He was born in Manhattan. He was a candidate for the Libertarian Party nomination for Vice President of the United States in 2016. He is founder and Managing Director at NeoSage.
On July 12, 2017, he announced his candidacy for Governor of New York for the 2018 election.
On April 13, 2020 it was announced that Sharpe would again seek the Libertarian Party's nomination for Vice President in the 2020 election, as the running mate of 2012 Libertarian vice-presidential nominee Judge Jim Gray.
References
Other websites
Gubernatorial campaign website
1968 births
Living people
American political activists
Politicians from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Libertarian Party (United States) politicians
2020 United States vice-presidential candidates
2016 United States vice-presidential candidates
Ram Jethmalani

Ram Boolchand Jethmalani (14 September 1923 - 8 September 2019) was an Indian lawyer and politician. He was born in Shikarpur, Bombay Presidency . Jethmalani was a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal. Until 2016, he was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Jethmalani MP from 1977 through 1984 and again from 2010 until his death. He was Minister of Law and Justice in 1996 and again from 1999 through 2000 and Urban Development from 1998 through 1999.
Jethmalani died on 8 September 2019 in New Delhi at the age of 95.
References
Other websites
Bio-profile of Jethmalani as Lok Sabha Member
Rajya Sabha Member
1923 births
2019 deaths
Indian lawyers
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians
Politicians from Mumbai
Robert Gebhardt

Robert Gebhardt (20 September 1920 - 8 February 1986) was a German football player and manager. As a player, he won the 1948 German Championship with 1. FC Nurnberg. He also managed several Bundesliga clubs, returning to Nurnberg in 1978 after two years at MSV Duisburg and two at Werder Bremen.
Other websites
1920 births
1986 deaths
German footballers
Association football midfielders
German football managers
SV Werder Bremen managers
Arminia Bielefeld managers
MSV Duisburg managers
Wacker Innsbruck managers
Suicide of Audrie Pott

Audrie Taylor Pott (May 27, 1997 - September 12, 2012) was a 15-year-old student at Saratoga High School in Saratoga, California, who died by suicide. She had been sexually assaulted at a party eight days earlier by three 16-year-old boys she knew and nude pictures of her were posted online. She was also bullied.
On September 3, 2020 while at a party, Pott was dragged sexually assaulted after she passed out because she was drunk. Markers were also used to draw and write on her body, and photographs were taken and shared on social network.
On September 12, 2012, she killed herself by hanging.
On September 30, 2014, California Governor Jerry Brown signed Audrie's Law, "a bill that increases penalties and decreases privacy protections for teens convicted of sex acts on someone who is passed out from drugs or alcohol".
References
1997 births
2012 deaths
Suicides by hanging in the United States
American crime victims
People from California
Deaths by person in the United States
Tine Thing Helseth

Tine Thing Helseth (Norwegian:'ti:ne tING helset; born 1987 in Oslo) is a Norwegian trumpet soloist who specialises in playing classical music.
Helseth began playing trumpet when she was seven years old and stuides at the Barratt Due Institute of Music in Oslo. She has studied under both Heidi Johanessen (a member of the Norwegian National Opera Orchestra) and, since 2002, Arnulf Naur Nilsen (member of the Oslo Philharmonic).
Honours
National Soloist Championship of Norway no-age-limit open class 1st Prize 2004
International Trumpet competition "Theo Charlier" Brussels, Belgium 2nd prize 2005
Oslo Music Teachers Foundation Prize of Honour 2005
Yamaha Music Foundation Europe Scholarship 2006
Eurovision Young Musicians Competition 2006 2nd place
NRK Radio P2 Prize for 2006/2007
Performances
Helseth has played concerts with such orchestras as the Wiener Symphoniker, Beethoven Academie, Capella Cracowiensis, The Norwegian Chamber Orchestra, Shanghai Symphony Orchestra, Slovenian Radio Symphony Ljubljana, Oslo Camerata, Camerata Nordica, Wurttemberg Philharmonic, the Trondheim Soloists, Norwegian symphony orchestras, Norwegian Army bands and other brass and wind groups.
She has appeared at many different music festivals, including the Bergen International Festival, Kissinger Summer Festival and Usedomer Music Festival.
She performed at the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize Concert and is the leader of an all-female brass group, tenThing.
Recordings
Helseth has put out two CDs. Her self-titled debut album was released January 1, 2007 and contained the trumpet concertos of both Johann Nepomuk Hummel and Josef Haydn. Her second album was released November 23, 2009 and contains musical works by Gustav Holst, Georg Friedrich Handel and J.S. Bach.
References
Other websites
MySpace Site
Personal website (in English)
TenThing homepage
1987 births
Living people
Trumpeters
Norwegian musical entertainers
Musicians from Oslo
Kara (South Korean group)

Kara was a South Korean pop girl group. Its members are Gyuri, Seungyeon, Hara and Youngji. They debuted through the M.net M! Countdown in 2007 and belong to DSP Media. Kara means sweet melody and adds 'CHARA' in Greek, a feeling to want to give joy through music is put. From 2010, they began activity in Japan. They appeared on NHK Red and White Singing Contest in 2011 (Di 62Hui NHKHong Bai Ge He Zhan ). They had a big concert at TOKYO DOME on January 6, 2013. In 2014, Jiyoung and Nicole left and were replaced by Heo Youngji, who was selected via a reality show made to give Kara a new member. The contracts with Gyuri, Seungyeon and Hara expired and they decided not to renew their contracts, resulting in Kara's breakup.
In 2022, 5 members of Kara reunited to release a new album called Move Again.
Members
Current members
Park Gyu-ri (), leader, singer, visual
Han Seung-Yeon (), singer
Nicole (, Korean name Jung Yongju, ), singer, rapper, dancer
Kang Jiyoung (), singer, rapper
Heo Youngji (), singer, rapper, dancer
Former members
Kim Sung-hee (), singer
Goo Hara (), singer, visual, dancer
Korean Discography
Albums
The First Blooming (2007)
Revolution (2009)
Step (2011)
Full Bloom (2013)
Mini-Albums
Rock U (2008)
Pretty Girl (2008)
Honey (2009)
Lupin (2010)
Jumping (2010)
Pandora (2012)
Day & Night (2014)
In Love (2015)
Move Again (2022)
Japanese Discography
Girl's Talk (2010)
Super Girl (2011)
Girls Forever (2012)
Fantastic Girls! (2013)
Girl's Story (2015)
Awards
Cyworld Digital Music Awards: Rookie Of The Month (2007)
M.net Asian Music Awards : Dance Music Awards "Honey" (2009)
Melon Music Awards Top 10 (2009)
High1 Seoul Music Awards Bonsang
Other websites
Kara Official Site
Kara Official Internet Cafe
K-pop music groups
South Korean girl groups
2007 establishments in South Korea
People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak

The People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK) is an armed insurgent group in Manipur demanding a separate and independent homeland. PREPAK was formed under the leadership of R. K. Tulachandra on October 9, 1977.
References
Separatist movements of India
Organizations based in Manipur
1977 establishments in Asia
Rebel militia groups in Asia
1970s establishments in India
Jurchen people

The Jurchens were a Tungusic people who lived in Manchuria in present-day Northeast China. They were known as Jurchens until the 17th century when they became known as the Manchu.
The Jurchens established the Jin Dynasty. The Jurchen Wanyan Yingge's paternal nephew Wanyan Wuyashu however fought against the Koreans, forcing them to submit and recognize Jurchens as overlords after "pacifying" the border between the Koreans and Jurchens.
The Joseon Dynasty of Korea placed great value on a policy of "neighborly relations" (gyorin or kyorin) with the Jurchen people.
References
History of China
Ethnic groups in China
Principality of Bulgaria

The Principality of Bulgaria existed between 1878 and 1908. It was created at the Congress of Berlin, from parts of the Ottoman Empire. It was a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, and had to pay tribute. The capital was Sofia. The area that is now southern Bulgaria, became a province called Eastern Rumelia.In 1878, there were uprisings, which were brutally suppressed. In 1885, Eastern Rumelia merged to the Principality of Bulgaria, An uprising in Plovdiv started this. This merger was done against the will of Russia, and other European powers. In 1908, the Ottoman Empire ecognised the independence of the Principality, and it became a kingdom. Ferdinand I (who had ruiled the state before, became tsar, or king.
Ottoman Empire
Anne Hathaway (Shakespeare)

Anne Hathaway (1555/56 - 6 August 1623) was the wife of English playwright and poet, William Shakespeare. Little is known about her early life. Hathaway married Shakespeare in 1582 at the village of Temple Grafton, near Stratford-upon-Avon. She lived in Stratford all her life, even while Shakespeare was working and living in London. She died in Stratford on 6 August 1623 and is buried next to her husband in the Holy Trinity Church, Stratford.
References
1564 births
1623 deaths
People from Warwickshire
Carlyle Glean

Sir Carlyle Arnold Glean, GCMG (11 February 1932 - 21 December 2021) was a Grenadian politician. He became Governor-General of Grenada on 27 November 2008 until 7 May 2013.
Glean died on 21 December 2021, at the age of 89.
References
1932 births
2021 deaths
Governors-General of Grenada
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
University of Calgary alumni
Vladislav Krapivin

Vladislav Petrovich Krapivin (; 14 October 1938 - 1 September 2020) was a Russian children's books writer. He was born in Tyumen, then-Soviet Union. He began working for Ural Pathfinder newspapers. Many of his books were published by Sverdlovsk Publishing House. His best known books were Meet My Brother (1968) and August: The Month of the Winds (1975).
Krapivin was hospitalized for pneumonia on 10 August 2020 in Yekaterinburg, Russia. He died on 1 September 2020, aged 81.
References
1938 births
2020 deaths
Russian novelists
Children's writers
Russian journalists
Deaths from pneumonia
231

231 (CCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Roman Empire
Emperor Alexander Severus fights against the Persians.
Asia
Zhuge Liang starts the fourth of his Northern Expeditions against the state of Cao Wei.
By topic
Religion
Origen, disciple of Ammonius Saccas, founder of Neoplatonism, is sent away to Caesarea.
Births
Cao Fang, Emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (d. 274)
Sun Chen, regent of the Kingdom of Wu (d. 258)
Deaths
Cao Zhen, general of Kingdom of Wei (b. 185)
Hua Xin, adviser of Kingdom of Wei (b. 157)
Li Hui, minister of Kingdom of Shu
Zhang He, military leader under Cao Cao (b. 167)
230s
1047

Year 1047 (MXLVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
Battle of Val-es-Dunes: William the Conqueror, with assistance from King Henry I of France, takes control of Normandy by defeating the rebel Norman barons at Caen.
Harald III becomes sole king of Norway.
Sweyn II is crowned king of Denmark.
Pope Clement II is replaced by Pope Benedict IX as the 150th pope.
Revolt of Leo Tornikios in the Byzantine Empire
Births
Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester, French born, English nobleman (died 1101)
Judith of Swabia, daughter of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
Deaths
October 9 - Pope Clement II
October 25 - King Magnus I of Norway (b. 1024)
References
Shimla Hill

Mount Shimla or Shimla Hill (or Shimla Pahari in the local Hindko dialect) is a mountain or hill to the west of Abbottabad, Pakistan. It is not to be confused with Simla in Himachal Pradesh, India.
Abbottabad District
Mountain ranges of Pakistan
Outlook, Saskatchewan

Outlook is a town in west central Saskatchewan. It is about 80 kilometres south-southwest of Saskatoon. About 2,000 people live in Outlook. It has the longest pedestrian bridge in Canada, the Skytrail.
Towns in Canada
Settlements in Saskatchewan
Metalcore

Metalcore is a type of music which mixes the sounds of extreme metal and hardcore punk.
References
Heavy metal subgenres
Fusion music genres
Mutsun

Mutsun is one of the languages spoken by the Ohlone people of California.
References
Languages of the United States
Cape May Court House, New Jersey

Cape May Court House is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Middle Township in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 5,338. It is the county seat of Cape May County.
References
County seats in New Jersey
Census-designated places in New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
Wellington, Kansas

Wellington is a city in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat. In 2010, 8,172 people lived there.
History
19th century
The first post office in Wellington was created in July 1871.
Geography
Wellington is at (37.267289, -97.400061). at an elevation of 1230 feet. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.
Climate
Wellington has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Wellington has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
People
2010 census
The 2010 United States Census says that there were 8,172 people, 3,246 households, and 2,105 families living in Wellington.
References
Other websites
City
City of Wellington
Wellington - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 353, local school district
Maps
Wellington City Map, KDOT
Cities in Sumner County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Jaime Thorne León

Jaime Fernando Nicolas Thorne Leon (11 September 1943 - 5 April 2018) was a Peruvian politician. He served as the Minister of Defense under the administration of President Alan Garcia Perez, from September 2010 to July 2011.
Thorne Leon died in Lima, Peru of brain cancer on 5 April 2018 at the age of 74.
References
1943 births
2018 deaths
Peruvian lawyers
Politicians from Lima
Humeston, Iowa

Humeston is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
You Better Wait

"You Better Wait" is a 1994 song by Steve Perry and is the leading single from his album For the Love of Strange Medicine. It went to number 1 in Canada and number 29 in the United States.
Track listing
"You Better Wait (Single Mix)" (Perry, Paul Taylor, Lincoln Brewster, Moyes Lucas, George Hawkins, John Pierce)
"Stand Up (Before It's Too Late)" (Perry, Brewster, Taylor, Lucas, Larry Kimpel)
Maxi Single
"You Better Wait (Single Mix)"
"Stand Up (Before It's Too Late)"
"Forever Right or Wrong (Love's Like a River)" (Perry, Randy Goodrum, Lamont Dozier, Michael Landau, Randy Jackson, Larrie Londin, Bill Cuomo)
References
1994 songs
Major County, Oklahoma

Major County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 7,545 people lived there. Its county seat is Fairview.
Geography
The county has a total area of 958 square miles.
Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Blaenau Ffestiniog railway station

Blaenau Ffestiniog railway station () is a train station in Blaenau Ffestiniog, Wales. It opened in 1868.
The station is a mainline station connected to a heritage station. Platform 1 is managed by Transport for Wales and platforms 2 and 3 are managed by the Ffestiniog Railway, a narrow-gauge heritage railway.
Platform 1 is on the Conwy Valley line that runs north to Llandudno.
Services
From platform 1, the mainline platform, Transport for Wales run six trains a day that head north to Llandudno. These trains run every three hours.
From platforms 2 and 3, the Ffestiniog Railway platforms, passengers can catch trains through Snowdonia to Porthmadog on the coast. These trains are very popular with tourists but are currently not running because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Gallery
1860s establishments in Wales
1868 establishments in the United Kingdom
Railway stations in Wales
Railway stations opened in 1868
Pili, Camarines Sur

, officially the (, Rinconada Bikol: Banwaan ka Pili, ) is a city of the Philippines and capital of the province of Camarines Sur.
References
Cities in the Philippines
Electropop

Electropop (also called technopop) is a musical genre in which electronic music and pop music are combined together. The genre has been popular since the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. "Electropop" is the short form of "electronic pop".
Electronic music
Pop music
Flag of the United Kingdom

The flag of the United Kingdom is the Union Flag or Union Jack. The Union Flag is the national flag of the United Kingdom. It has had the same design since the Act of Union 1800. The flag is made from the flags of the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
There are different flags for use on land and at sea. The flag's measurements at sea are 1:2 (the flag is twice as long as it is wide). On land, it is normal for the flag's proportions to be 3:5.
The use of the flag started (with a different design) in 1606, after James VI and I became the first king of the whole of Great Britain in 1603. Between 1606 and 1801, the Union Flag's design was different to the present flag. At that time, the Kingdom of Ireland was a separate kingdom. (Between the execution of Charles I and the Restoration of Charles II, there was no personal union between Scotland and England, so the Union Flag was not necessary.) Scotland and England became the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. Anne, Queen of Great Britain, chose the Union Flag as the flag of the new kingdom. The United Kingdom and Ireland joined together in 1801. The use of the present British flag started then.
The first Union Flag from 1603 combined the flag of Scotland with the flag of England. The flag of Scotland is a Saint Andrew's Cross because Saint Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland. The flag of England is Saint George's Cross because Saint George is the patron saint of England. When the present United Kingdom started in 1801, the Saint Patrick's Cross started to be a part of the Union Flag. Saint Patrick's Cross was a flag representative of Ireland because Saint Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland. Saint Patrick's Cross is a red saltire (a diagonal cross) with a white background. The flag of Scotland is blue with a white saltire. The flag of England is white with a red horizontal cross. Together they make the Union Flag.
The flag did not change as result of the independence of the Republic of Ireland. The flag did not change when the United Kingdom's name changed from the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" to the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". The flag does not contain anything that represents Wales. (In 1603, Wales had long been a part of the kingdom of England.) Some people want a new design because of this.
Legacy
The Union Jack has a legacy for flags, and some of the former colonies of Britain have this design on their own flags (i.e. Australia, Fiji, Hawaii, some provinces of Canada, etc.).
References
United Kingdom
A10 road (England)

The A10 is an important road in eastern England. It goes between London and King's Lynn. It follows the old route of the Roman road Ermine Street for much of its route. The road is about long in total.
References
Roads in England
Thomas of Cantimpré

Thomas of Cantimpre was Catholic writer, preacher, theologian and a monk belonging to the Dominican Order from Flemish Region. He was born in 1201 and died on May 15, 1272.
References
Other websites
1201 births
1272 deaths
North American Vertical Datum of 1988

The North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) is a geodetic reference system used for measuring elevations in North America. It replaced the older National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) and provides a standardized framework for mapping and surveying projects.
Geography of North America
Le Pout

Le Pout is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Reich Chancellor

The Reich Chancellor (German: Reichskanzler) was the chancellor of Germany during the German Reich.
German Empire (all but one were no party members):
Otto von Bismarck (1871-1890)
Leo von Caprivi (1890-1894)
Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst (1894-1900)
Bernhard von Bulow (1900-1909)
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1909-1917)
Georg Michaelis (1917)
Georg von Hertling (1917-1918, Zentrum)
Max of Baden (1918)
Weimar Republic:
Friedrich Ebert (1918-1919, SPD, Reich Chancellor/President of the Council of the People's Deputies)
Philipp Scheidemann (1919, SPD, Reich Minister-President)
Gustav Bauer (1919-1920, SPD, Reich Minister-President/Reich Chancellor)
Hermann Muller (1920, SPD)
Konstantin Fehrenbach (1920-1921, Zentrum)
Joseph Wirth (1921-1922, Zentrum)
Wilhelm Cuno (1922-1923, no party)
Gustav Stresemann (1923, DVP)
Wilhelm Marx (1923-1925, Zentrum)
Hans Luther (1925-1926, no party)
Otto Gessler (1926, DDP, acting)
Wilhelm Marx (1926-1928, Zentrum)
Hermann Muller (1928-1930, SPD)
Heinrich Bruning (1930-1932, Zentrum)
Franz von Papen (1932, Zentrum/no party)
Kurt von Schleicher (1932-1933, no party)
Nazi Germany:
Adolf Hitler (1933-1945, NSDAP)
Joseph Goebbels (1945, NSDAP)
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (1945, NSDAP, Leading Minister)
References
Lists of prime ministers
Lists of German politicians
Boris Spremo

Boris Spremo (Serbian Cyrillic: Boris Spremo; October 20, 1935 - August 21, 2017) was a Yugoslavian-born Canadian photojournalist.
Career
Spremo found work with The Globe and Mail, and finished his career with the Toronto Star. The Toronto Star later called him "a legend in the business". Some of his photographs appeared in both Canadian and American magazines. He was known for his collages depicting life in Toronto.
Death
Spremo died of complications of multiple myeloma in Toronto on August 21, 2017 at the age of 81.
Awards
Spremo won many regional and international awards for his work, including being the first Canadian ever to win a World Press Photo award. He was named a member of the Order of Canada in 1997.
References
Other websites
Official site
1935 births
2017 deaths
Canadian journalists
Canadian photographers
Photojournalists
Yugoslavian artists
Füllinsdorf

Fullinsdorf is a municipality in Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Keyboard Cat

Keyboard Cat is an internet meme. It is a video from 1984 of a female cat called "Fatso" wearing a blue shirt and "playing" an upbeat rhythm on an electronic keyboard. The video was posted to YouTube under the title "charlie schmidt's "cool cat"" in June 2007. Schmidt later changed the title to "Charlie Schmidt's Keyboard Cat (THE ORIGINAL)".
Fatso (1978-1987) was owned by Charlie Schmidt of Spokane, Washington, United States.
"Keyboard Cat" was ranked No. 2 on Current TV's list of 50 Greatest Viral Videos.
In 2009 Schmidt became owner of Bento, another cat that looked like Fatso, and which he used to create new Keyboard Cat videos, until Bento's death in March 2018.
References
Cats
American Internet celebrities
Traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a branch of traditional medicine from China. It is at least 3,500 years old. Treatments include herbal medicine, acupuncture, cupping, massage, and exercise. Since the methods of TCM are different from Western medicine, it is hard to find evidence that shows how safe or good TCM really is.
Many of the most important ideas in TCM are based on the teachings of Daoism. Based on the teachings of TCM, it is important to balance the five elements in a person's body: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Each element also has something called yin and yang, or opposite values that must exist alongside each other rather than to overcome the other. The way to balance the yin and yang is to strengthen qi, or an invisible force that brings balance to the yin and yang. Knowing the five elements and the yin and yang is important because each organ of the body is related to one of the five elements. It is important to strengthen a person's qi because balancing the yin and yang of a person's organs is important for people to be healthy. The different treatments in TCM are made to bring balance to the elements in a person's body.
These ideas are similar to, but not the same as, the four temperaments, which was an widely-believed theory in European medicine before scientific medicine was created. In the 19th century, many European doctors working as missionaries in China started translating TCM. For example, Dr. Gottlieb Olpp helped spread it to Germany.
References
Medicine
Health in the People's Republic of China
Paul-Henri Mathieu

Paul-Henri Mathieu (born 12 January 1982 in Strasbourg) is a French tennis player. He made his ATP tour debut in July 2000, in Kitzbuhel. He won the ATP Newcomer of the Year award for 2002.
References
1982 births
Living people
French tennis players
Male tennis players
People from Strasbourg
Ehingen, Middle Franconia

Ehingen is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Ansbach (district)
Für Elise

"Fur Elise" (German for For Elise) is the common name of the "Bagatelle in A minor", written by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1810. The song is thought to be written for Therese, a woman that Beethoven wanted to marry in 1810, however his handwriting was misspelt undergoing transcription, allowing the piece to be known as Fur Elise rather than Fur Therese. Therese did not want to marry him.
The piece of music, which was written for the piano, was not published until 1865, a long time after Beethoven's death. It is one of the most well-known pieces of piano music in the world.
Form
The piece is in rondo form. There is a main section (A) which appears three times. Between these three sections there are two other sections (B and C), so the form of the piece can be described as: A B A C A.
The main section has a time signature of 3/8. It is based on arpeggios which flow from one hand to the other. This is the section that many beginner pianists want to play. The two middle sections are harder to play at the correct speed. They have fast scales, arpeggios and left hand demisemiquavers (32nd notes).
References
Woodstra, Chris. et al. 2005. All Music Guide to Classical Music. All Media Guide, LLC. p. 104.
https://www.classicfm.com/composers/beethoven/fur-elise-meaning-who-is-elise/
Other websites
Fur Elise - and other Beethoven resources (includes the free sheet music)
Compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven
Solo piano pieces