pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Aagje

Aagje is a name given to girls in the Netherlands.
People
Aagje Vanwalleghem (born 1987), Belgian gymnast.
Aagje Deken (1741-1804), Dutch writer.
Given names
Keystream

In cryptography, a keystream is a stream of random or pseudorandom characters that are combined with a plaintext message to produce an encrypted message (the ciphertext).
The "characters" in the keystream can be bits, bytes, numbers or actual characters like A-Z depending on the usage case.
Usually each character in the keystream is either added, subtracted or XORed with a character in the plaintext to produce the ciphertext, using modular arithmetic.
Keystreams are used in the one-time pad cipher and in most stream ciphers. Block ciphers can also be used to produce keystreams. For example, the CTR mode (also known as Integer Counter Mode (ICM)) is a block mode that makes a block cipher produce a keystream then turns the block cipher into a stream cipher.
Example
In this simple example we will use only the English alphabet of 26 characters from a-z, therefore we will not encrypt numbers, commas, spaces and other symbols. As we have only 26 characters the random numbers in the keystream have to be at least between 0 and 25.
To encrypt we add the keystream numbers to the plaintext. And to decrypt we subtract the same keystream numbers from the ciphertext to get the plaintext.
If a ciphertext number becomes larger than 25 we wrap it to a value between 0-25. I.e. 26 becomes 0 and 27 becomes 1 and so on. (Such wrapping is called modular arithmetic.)
Here the plaintext message "attack at dawn" is combined by addition with the keystream "kjcngmlhylyu" and produces the ciphertext "kcvniwlabluh".
References
Handbook of Applied Cryptography by Menezes, van Oorschot and Vanstone (2001), chapter 1, 6 and 7.
Cryptography
Saint-Faust

Saint-Faust is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
References
Saint-Faust
Bala Mohammed

Bala Mohammed (born 5 October 1958) is Nigerian politician, senator, minister, and the current Governor of Bauchi State.
References
1958 births
Living people
Nigerian politicians
Sophie Pascoe

Sophie Frances Pascoe (born 8 January 1993) is a paralympic swimmer from New Zealand. At two years old, she was in an accident. As a result, her left leg was amputated, and her right leg was scarred. She is now New Zealand's most decorated Paralympian with 20 medals.
Early life
Sophie Frances Pascoe was born on January 8, 1993, in Christchurch, New Zealand. Her parents' names are Garry and Jo Pascoe. She also has an older sister named Rebecca. When Pascoe was 2 years old, she was involved in a lawnmower accident. Her father accidentally drove over her leg. Her right left got many scars, and her left leg had to be amputated from the knee down.
Sophie struggled to keep up with the other children in her school in swimming. When Sophie was 7 years old, she started one on one swimming lessons. She quickly got better at swimming. Later that year, she beat all her classmates in the school's annual swimming race. Before her grandfather passed away, she made a promise that one day she would compete in the Paralympics.
From the age of 8 until 2022 she was coached by Roly Crichton, an earlier Paralympics gold medalist. She trains at the QEII swim club.
Swimming career
At the age of 15, Sophie Pascoe qualified for the Beijing Paralympics. She was the youngest team member, and not expected to be able to compete with the athletes in the Paralympics. In the 2008 Beijing Paralympics she won three gold and one silver medal.
After the Paralympics in 2008, she gained a lot of attention. She was voted New Zealand's favorite Paralympian in a Nationwide voting competition. She also won four awards at the Canterbury Sportsperson Awards in 2009, one of which was for the Sportsperson of the Year Award.
At the London 2012 Paralympics she won three gold and three silver medals. In the 2016 Paralympics in Rio, she once again won three gold and two silver medals. Sophie Pascoe has won over 20 medals in Paralympics, Swimming World championships and different National Championship. This makes her New Zealand's most decorated Paralympian.
In 2013 Pascoe wrote and published a biography. The book Stroke of Fate focuses on her family and her dedication to become the most successful Paralympian in New Zealand history.
Major achievements
IPC Swimming World Championships Durban 2006 (Durban, South Africa)
1 bronze medal
Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games
3 gold and 1 silver medal
IPC Swimming World Championships Eindhoven 2010 (Eindhoven, Netherlands)
1 gold, 3 silver and 1 bronze medal
London 2012 Paralympic Games (London, Great Britain)
3 gold medal and 3 silver medal
2013 IPC Swimming World Championships (Montreal, Canada)
5 gold medals
2015 IPC Swimming World Championships (Glasgow, Great Britain)
2 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze medals
Rio 2016 Paralympic Games (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
3 gold and 2 silver medals
London 2019 World Para Swimming Championships (London, Great Britain)
4 gold medals
Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games (Tokyo, Japan)
2 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze medals
References
1993 births
Living people
Paralympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Christchurch
New Zealand swimmers
Paralympic silver medalists
Paralympic bronze medalists
Jos Luhukay

Jos Luhukay (born 13 June 1963 in Venlo, Netherlands) is a Dutch football coach and former player. He played for different teams in Germany and the Netherlands. After the end of his career he became coach. Since 2016 he is coach of VfB Stuttgart.
1963 births
Living people
Dutch football managers
Dutch footballers
People from Venlo
Sportspeople from Limburg (Netherlands)
KFC Uerdingen 05 managers
Hertha BSC managers
SC Paderborn 07 managers
VfB Stuttgart managers
Lulusar-Dudipatsar National Park

Lulusar-Dodipat National Park () is in the Kaghan Valley in Mansehra District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The park was created in 2003. The scenic Dudipatsar Lake and Lulusar Lake and peaks are in the park.
Related pages
Mansehra District
National parks in Pakistan
Buick

Buick is an automobile maker, owned by General Motors. It is known for making near-luxury cars with excellent performance and value. After the discontinuation of the Saturn brand GM announced Buick's styling would be based off the German Opel's.
Production models
Current
China
Enclave (2020-present)
Encore (2013-present)
Encore GX (2020-present)
Envision (2015-present)
Excelle (2003-present)
Excelle GT (2010-present)
Excelle GX (2018-present)
GL6 (2018-present)
GL8 (2000-present)
LaCrosse (2006-present)
Regal (1999-present)
Velite 6 (2019-present)
Verano (2012-present)
North America
Enclave (2008-present)
Encore (2013-present)
Encore GX (2020-present)
Envision (2016-present)
Regal (1973-2004, 2011-present)
Past
Model B (1904)
Model C (1905)
Model F & G (1906-1910)
Model 10 (1908-1910)
Model 14 & 14B (1910-1911)
Model 28, 29, 34, 36 & 43 (1912)
Model 24, 25, 30, 31 & 40 (1913)
Series B (1914)
Series C (1915)
Series D (1916-1917)
Series E (1918)
Series H (1919)
Series K (1920)
Series 21 (1921)
Series 22 (1922)
Series 23 (1923)
Series 24 (1924)
Master Series (1925-1928)
Standard Series (1925-1928)
Series 116, 121 & 129 (1929)
Series 40 (1930-1935)
Series 50 (1930-1935)
Series 60 (1930-1935)
Special (1936-1958, 1961-1969)
Roadmaster (1936-1958, 1991-1996)
Century (1936-1942, 1954-1958, 1973-2005)
Super (1939-1958)
Skylark (1953-1954, 1961-1972, 1975-1998)
Invicta (1959-1963)
Electra (1959-1990)
LeSabre (1959-2005)
Wildcat (1963-1970)
Riviera (1963-1993, 1995-1999)
Estate (1970-1979, 1990)
Centurion (1971-1973)
Apollo (1973-1975)
Skyhawk (1975-1980, 1982-1989)
Opel (1976-1979)
Somerset (1985-1987)
Reatta (1988-1991)
Park Avenue (1991-2005, 2007-2012)
Sail (2001-2004)
Rendezvous (2001-2007)
Rainier (2004-2007)
Royaum (2005-2006)
Terraza (2005-2007)
Lucerne (2006-2011)
Excelle XT (2010-2015)
Cascada (2016-2019)
Velite 5 (2017-2019)
References
Other websites
Buick Homepage
Buick in Canada
Buick in China (English and Chinese)
Buick in Israel (Hebrew)
Buick in Taiwan (Chinese)
History and Picture Buick in Russian
General Motors
Dmitry Jakovenko

Dmitry Jakovenko (born 29 June 1983) is a Russian chess grandmaster.
On the July 2009 FIDE rating list, Jakovenko had a rating of 2760, but he has slipped a bit since then. He shared first in the Russian Championship 2006, losing the playoff against Evgeny Alekseev.
1983 births
Living people
Russian chess players
Chess grandmasters
SK Tirfing

SK Tirfing is a sports club in Harnas in Sweden. It was Established on 20 January 1923. The club won the Swedish national men's bandy championship in the year of 1930. Between 1931 and 1942 the club played seven seasons in the Swedish top division. The club gave up bandy in 1981. Today only the women's team handball section remains.
References
Other websites
Official website (team handball section)
1923 establishments in Sweden
Bandy clubs in Sweden
Handball clubs in Sweden
Mineralnye Vody

Mineralnye Vody () is a town in Stavropol Krai, Russia. In 2010, 76,728 people lived there.
Cities and towns in Stavropol Krai
Metre per second squared

A metre per second squared (or m/s2 or metre per second per second) is a unit of measurement for acceleration.
If an object accelerates at 1 m/s2, it means that its speed is increasing by 1 m/s every second.
Units of measurement
SI derived units
Willi Sitte

Willi Sitte (28 February 1921 - 8 June 2013) was a German painter. For a long time, he was the president of the East German association of visual artists.
Sitte was born on 28 February 1921 in Kratzau, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia to German parents. He was never married and had no children. Sitte died on 8 June 2013 in Halle, Germany from natural causes, aged 92.
References
Other websites
Entry for Willi Sitte on the Union List of Artist Names
European Academy of Humanities
Willi Sitte , official site
1921 births
2013 deaths
Czechoslovak people
German painters
S. Robson Walton

Samuel Robson "Rob" Walton (born October 28, 1944) is an American businessman. He is the heir to the fortune of Walmart, the world's largest retailer. He is the eldest son of Helen Walton and Sam Walton. He was Chairman of Walmart from 1992 to 2015.
As of March 2020, Walton had a net worth of $54.1 billion, making him the 10th richest person in the world. He was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
References
1944 births
Living people
American billionaires
Lawyers from Arkansas
Businesspeople from Arkansas
Businesspeople from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Lawyers from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Fulgurite

Fulgurites are a rare type of natural glass made when lightning hits silica-rich minerals that are commonly in sand, soil, and some rocks. Tubular fulgurites are found in places with a lot of silica, like beaches or deserts. Lightning makes a tubular fulgurite when a bolt goes through the sand and melts silica into a liquid. The liquid silica cools and hardens quickly, leaving behind a thin glassy tube, usually with a rough outer surface and a smooth inner surface. Underground, a fulgurite may be shaped like the roots of a tree, branching out with many arms that trace the zigzagging path of the lightning bolt. They are quite delicate, with walls no thicker than 1-2 mm. Some of the largest fulgurites are removed from the ground in many pieces and then glued back into their original shape.
Natural materials
Glass
Valley County, Idaho

Valley County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 9,862 people lived there. The county seat is Cascade, and the largest city is McCall.
Communities
Cities
Cascade
Donnelly
McCall
Census-designated places
Smiths Ferry
Yellow Pine
Other unincorporated communities
Big Creek
Lake Fork
Roseberry
Warm Lake
References
Idaho counties
1910s establishments in Idaho
1917 establishments in the United States
About Last Night (1986 movie)

About Last Night is a 1986 American romance-comedy-drama movie. Two people begin a relationship from a one-night stand after meeting in a Chicago bar. Demi Moore plays Debbie. Rob Lowe plays Danny. Megan Mullally plays Pat.
This movie was released on July 2, 1986. It got very good reviews. A remake was released in 2014.
References
Other websites
1986 comedy-drama movies
1986 romantic comedy movies
1986 romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
1980s English-language movies
Movies based on plays
Movies set in Chicago
Movies directed by Edward Zwick
Ramon Menezes Hubner

Ramon Menezes Hubner (born 30 June 1972) is a Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1989||rowspan="4"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="4"|Serie A||4||0
|-
|1990||19||4
|-
|1991||11||1
|-
|1992||8||1
|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|Bahia||rowspan="2"|Serie A||10||1
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Vitoria||rowspan="2"|Serie A||18||7
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1995/96||Bayer Leverkusen||Bundesliga||15||1
|-
|1996||rowspan="4"|Vasco da Gama||rowspan="4"|Serie A||13||5
|-
|1997||30||7
|-
|1998||19||10
|-
|1999||18||4
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Atletico Mineiro||rowspan="2"|Serie A||13||2
|-
|2001||25||6
|-
|2002||Vasco da Gama||Serie A||17||15
|-
|2003||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||25||6
|-
|2004||Fluminense||Serie A||25||11
|-
|2005||Botafogo||Serie A||24||4
|-
|2006||Vasco da Gama||Serie A||27||6
|-
|2007||Atletico Paranaense||Serie A||12||2
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Vitoria||rowspan="3"|Serie A||30||7
|-
|2009||23||4
|-
|2010||||
346||97
15||1
25||6
386||104
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2001||5||1
|-
!Total||5||1
|}
References
1972 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Twin Dragons

Twin Dragons (1992) (also known as Brother vs. Brother and When Dragons Collide)
Identical brothers, separated at birth, end up as a criminal and a U.S. pianist, then cross paths years later in Hong Kong.
Cast
Jackie Chan
Maggie Cheung
Nina Li Chi
Anthony Chan
Philip Chan
Sylvia Chang
James Wong
Lai Ying Chow
Kirk Wong
Ringo Lam Ling-tung
John Woo
Tsui Hark
Director(s): Tsui Hark, Ringo Lam Ling-tung, Ringo Lam
Producer(s): Ng Sze Yuen, Teddy Robin Kwan.
Language: Cantonese (Dubbed in English in North America)
Other websites
1992 action movies
Martial arts movies
1992 movies
Chinese movies
Hong Kong movies
Cantonese-language movies
Golden Harvest movies
Drawn Together

Drawn Together is a American animated series for adults. It aired on Comedy Central through 2004 to 2007.
2000s American animated television series
No Excuses (Alice in Chains song)

"No Excuses" is a 1994 song by Alice in Chains. It is the leading single from their 1994 EP Jar of Hearts. It went to number 17 in Canada, number 48 on the Hot 100 Airplay and number 1 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.
Track listing
References
1994 songs
Alice in Chains songs
Acoustic rock songs
Alternative rock songs
Jangle pop songs
Micro black hole

Micro black holes are very small black holes. Because they are small, they may shrink and disappear due to Hawking radiation. They may exist in nature as primordial black holes.
Detection
If a micro black hole decays, it would create particles that we could see. The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is looking for gamma rays that might come from micro black holes in outer space.
Man-made black holes
If two particles with enough energy collide, they may create a black hole. Some scientists think the LHC can create one.
Safety
If the LHC did create a micro black hole, it would disappear immediately, and would not be dangerous. Cosmic rays hitting the Earth's atmosphere may already create these. If dangerous micro black holes are created by cosmic rays, then the Earth would already be damaged. Because the Earth is not damaged by black holes, scientists think they are not dangerous. This thought is like the Anthropic principle.
References
Cosmology
Quantum mechanics
Black holes
Lidderdale, Iowa

Lidderdale is a city in Carroll County in the state of Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Australian pound

The Australian Pound was the money of Australia from 1910 until 1966. It was made up of 20 shillings, with each shilling made out of 12 pence. In 1966, the basic unit of currency was changed from the Australian pound to the Australian dollar which had 100 cents to each dollar. 1 pound became 2 dollars, 1 shilling became 10 cents and 1 penny became 1 cent.
Coins
British coins were used until 1910, when Australian silver coins started to be made and used. There were florins, shillings, sixpences and threepences. They had a picture of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom on one side. Australian pennies and half-pennies started to be used the next year. In 1931 gold sovereigns, which had also been used before 1910, stopped being made in Australia. A crown (five shilling) coin was made for use between 1937 and 1938. People did not like them very much so you would not have seen them often after 1940.
By 1966, the coins being used were half pennies, pennies, threepences, sixpences, shillings and florins.
Banknotes
In the early 1800s, some banks printed their own paper money in Australia. The Queensland government and the New South Wales government also made paper money to be used in their states.
The first paper money to be used all over Australia were made by fifteen banks and the Queensland government made between 1910 and 1914. There were 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 Pound banknotes. They had "Australian Note" printed on them. None of the 100 pound notes are known to still exist.
In 1913 the first money to be printed and used by the Australian government were 10 shillings, 1 pound, 5 pounds and 10 pounds. In 1914 20 pounds, 50 pounds, 100 pounds and 1000 pounds were also printed. The 1000 pounds note was such a high value banknote that you could only use them in banks.
In the middle of the 1920s a new 10 shilling banknote (saying "Half Sovereign"), and smaller 1, 5 and 10 pound notes were made. They all had King George V of the United Kingdom on the front.
A new design was printed in 1933 with King George V, also in 10 shillings, 1, 5 and 10 pounds. The notes were changed to have King George VI of the United Kingdom in 1938.
New notes in 1954 came when Queen Elizabeth II became Queen. There were 10 shillings, 1, 5 and 10 pound notes with images of Matthew Flinders on the 10 shilling note, Queen Elizabeth II on the 1 pound note, John Franklin on the 5 pound note and Arthur Phillip on the 10 pound note.
Former currencies
Currency of Australia
1910 establishments
1910s establishments in Australia
1966 disestablishments
1960s disestablishments in Australia
Pound (currency)
Birodh Khatiwada

Birodh Khatiwada is a Nepalese politician.
He is former health minister and a member of the Makwanpur 2 constituency in the House of Representatives. He is also a member of the CPN (Unified Socialist).
References
1959 births
Living people
Government ministers of Nepal
Electoral district of Gosford

Gosford is an electoral district of New South Wales. It was created in 1950.
Gosford is on the Central Coast.
Election results
References
Gosford
Football at the 1994 Asian Games – Women's tournament

1994 Football at the Asian Games was held in Hiroshima from 3 to 12 October.
Results
Group stage
Final
References
Football at the Asian Games
1994 in association football
1990s in Japan
Football in Japan
Hiroshima
1994 Asian Games
United States Senate Committee on Finance

The United States Senate Committee on Finance (or, less formally, Senate Finance Committee) is a standing committee of the United States Senate. The Committee focuses on issues relating to taxation and other revenue measures generally. It is considered to be one of the most powerful committees in Congress.
Current members
References
Finance
Strömsnäsbruk

Stromsnasbruk is a locality in Markaryd Municipality in Kronoberg County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,066 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Kronoberg County
Esquerdes

Esquerdes is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon

Ecole superieure de chimie physique electronique de Lyon (CPE Lyon) is a engineering graduate school in France.. The university is located on the campus of La Doua - LyonTech, in a cluster of science and technology universities and Grandes Ecoles. La Doua is located in Villeurbanne, a suburb of Lyon.
History
The school was founded in 1883 to train highly qualified engineers, support continuing education and conduct research. The five-year curriculum aims to train engineers who possess human qualities and knowledge in science and engineering. Students can pursue a doctorate at the end of the 5-year curriculum.
Notable graduates
Yves Chauvin, French chemist
References
Other websites
Official website
Technical colleges and universities in France
1883 establishments in Europe
1880s establishments in France
Cornufer minutus

The tiny sticky-toed frog (Cornufer minutus) is a frog. It lives on Bouganville Island in the part of the Solomon Islands that is in Papua New Guinea. People have seen this frog between 300 and 900 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of Oceania
Sivaji Ganesan filmography

The filmography of Sivaji Ganesan comprises 277 Tamil movies, six Telugu and eight guest roles.
Movies
Notes
References
Bibliography
Other websites
Sivaji Ganesan Filmography with photographs Sivaji's filmography with photos
Newspaper advertisements
Indian filmographies
Achille, Oklahoma

Achille is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 492.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Ash Street

Ash Street is a hamlet in Babergh, Suffolk, England. Ash Street was listed in the Domesday Book as 'Asce'.
References
Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Rush hour

A rush hour or peak hour is a part of the day during which traffic on roads and crowding on public transport is most. Normally, this happens twice a day--once in the morning and once in the evening. These are the times during when the most people commute.
Traffic
Kittur Chennamma

Kitturu Rani Chennamma (; born 23rd October 1778 in Kittur, Karnataka - died 21 February 1829) was the Queen of the princely state of Kittur, in what is now India. She was best known for leading an armed rebellion against the British East India Company in 1824. This was 33 years before the 1857 war of independence. The British were going to take control of Kittur under the doctrine of lapse, because there was no male heir. Yaseen the resistance ended with her martyrdom and she is remembered today as one of the earliest Indian rulers to have fought for independence. Along with Abbakka Rani, Keladi Chennamma and Onake Obavva she is much venerated in Karnataka as an icon of bravery and women's pride.
References
1778 births
1829 deaths
Resistance to the British Empire
Levasy, Missouri

Levasy is a city in Jackson County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Gadsden Purchase

The Gadsden Purchase was a area of land sold by Mexico to the United States in 1854. It is now part of Arizona and New Mexico, south of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande. Its size was . The United States paid Mexico 10,000,000 dollars, which is worth 230,000,000 dollars in 2019 money. This trade was officially called the Treaty of Mesilla.
Background
The Mexican-American War had ended in 1848. The United States won the war. Both countries agreed to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave the United States a very big part of Mexico: the Mexican Cession, an area of more than . In return, the United States paid Mexico 15,000,000 dollars.
After 1848, Mexico and the United States did not agree where the border was. Both countries claimed the Mesilla Valley as part of their own country. Businessmen from the southern states wanted to build a new transcontinental railroad that would cross the southern part of the country. They wanted the railroad to go through the Mesilla Valley. Jefferson Davis, who at that time was the US Secretary of War, supported that idea. James Gadsden was sent to buy the land from Mexico. He wanted to buy much more land, including Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and parts of Chihuahua and Sonora, but the Mexican president, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, did not want to sell it to him.
Establishment of purchase
A treaty was signed on December 30, 1853. This treaty would have given to the United States and 15,000,000 dollars to Mexico. Many US Senators did not agree with this: they wanted to buy less land. On April 25, 1854, the US Senate accepted the new, smaller purchase. President Franklin Pierce signed the treaty, and then sent it to President Santa Anna, who signed it on June 8, 1854. Many Mexicans were angry with Santa Anna after he signed the treaty.
References
19th century in Mexico
1850s in the United States
19th-century treaties
History of Arizona
History of New Mexico
Svetlana Alexievich

Svetlana Alexandrovna Alexievich (born 31 May 1948 in Ukraine) is a Belarusian investigative journalist and non-fiction writer who writes in the Russian language. She won a Nobel Prize in Literature in 2015.
References
1948 births
Living people
Belarusian writers
Nobel Prize in Literature winners
Hessian (soldier)

The Hessians were German soldiers who were hired to fight for the British Empire during the American revolution.
Some princes in Germany agreed to give Great Britain men to fight in return for money and were made rich by their soldiers' services.
There is controversy on whether or not the Hessians were mercenaries, or auxiliaries. However because they fought alongside other soldiers and were commanded as such, they are typically referred to as auxiliaries
Military of the United Kingdom
19th century in Germany
Coleshill, Warwickshire

Coleshill ( ) is a town in Warwickshire, England. It is named after the River Cole, which flows through the town. It is about east of Birmingham and about northwest of Coventry. In 2011, 6,481 people lived there.
References
Towns in Warwickshire
Give Me All Your Luvin'

"Give Me All Your Luvin" is a song by Madonna featuring rappers Nicki Minaj and M.I.A. The song was released in February 2012. It was released by Interscope. It was musically influenced by the 1982 Toni Basil song "Mickey" and the 2005 Gwen Stefani song "Hollaback Girl".
The song reached number one in Canada, the top ten in the US, and the top 40 in the UK. The artists performed the song at Super Bowl XLVI. M.I.A. flipped the middle finger, which was not caught in time by the censors.
Background and writing
In December 2010, Madonna posted a message on her Facebook, exclaiming: "Its official! I need to move. I need to sweat. I need to make new music! Music I can dance to. I'm on the lookout for the maddest, sickest, most badass people to collaborate with. I'm just saying".
"Give Me All Your Luvin" was written by Madonna, Martin Solveig, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A., and Michael Tordjman, while production was helmed by Madonna and Solveig.
Release and leaks
On November 8, 2011, a demo version of the song, named "Give Me All Your Love", was leaked. According to Keith Caulfield from Billboard, "Within a few hours, [the song and its leak] was among one of the top 10 trending topics worldwide on Twitter." Madonna's manager, Guy Oseary, addressed the leak on Twitter adding the singer's statement on the situation: "My true fans wouldn't do this". Oseary also clarified that their initial plan was for new music to come out in 2012 itself. He was happy with the positive reaction to the demo, but asked fans to help him police any more leaks. The leaked demo lacked vocals from both Minaj and M.I.A. which Madonna reflected upon, "It's really disappointing because you don't want things to come out till you're done with them, till you're ready. It's like everybody looking at your unfinished painting. It's like, 'Wait a minute. I didn't finish that. That's not fair."
Credits and personnel
Management
Recorded at MSR Studios, New York City and Sarm West Studios, Notting Hill, London
Nicki Minaj Appears Courtesy of Young Money Entertainment/Cash Money Records | M.I.A. Appears Courtesy of Interscope Records
Webo Girl Publishing, Inc. (ASCAP), EMI Music Publishing France (SACEM), Money Mack Music/Harajuku Barbie Music, adm. by Songs of Universal, Inc. (BMI), N.E.E.T. Noise/Imagem Music (PRS)
Personnel
Madonna - writer, singer and record producer
Martin Solveig - writer, record producer, synths, drums
Nicki Minaj - writer, singer
Maya Arulpragasam - writer, singer
Michael Tordjman - writer
Demacio "Demo" Castellon - recording, mixing
Philippe Weiss - recording assistant
Graham Archer - recording assistant
Jason "Metal" Donkersgoed - additional editing
Jean Baptiste Gaudray - guitars
Angie Teo - mixing assistant
LMFAO - remixing, additional production
Credits and personnel adapted from MDNA album liner notes.
Certifications
Release history
References
Other websites
2012 songs
Pop songs
Madonna (entertainer) songs
1148

1148 was a leap year.
Events
Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona fought and beat Tortosa for the Moors.
King Afonso I of Portugal takes Abrantes from the Moors.
Anna Comnena writes the Alexiad, which is a biography of her father, Emperor Alexius I.
Births
John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem and Latin Emperor of Constantinople (d. 1237)
Qiu Chuji, Chinese Taoist (d. 1227)
Pope Honorius III (d. 1227)
Deaths
April -- Amadeus III of Savoy (b. 1095)
Conan III, Duke of Brittany (b. 1070)
Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (b. 1100)
William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey
Alphonse I of Toulouse (b. 1103)
Barberier

Barberier is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Cabinet of Azerbaijan

The Cabinet of Azerbaijan is the advisory body of the government of Azerbaijan. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan who is the head of government and head of the Cabinet.
The Cabinet, its composition and its duties are regulated by the Constitution of Azerbaijan.
The Cabinet of Ministers is composed of the Prime Minister, ministers, their deputies and heads of government departments. The Prime Minister and the ministers have to be members of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan. The deputies and heads of government departments do not have to be members of the National Assembly.
The Prime Minister and the Cabinet have limited power, and they act as an advisor to the President of Azerbaijan, who is the head of state and head of the executive branch, and has the most power. They and the country's legislature, the National Assembly of Azerbaijan, are subordinate to the President.
The President of Azerbaijan appoints the Prime Minister, the ministers, the heads of the government departments, and all other cabinet-level government administrators. Before they are appointed to their jobs, they are first nominated by the President and confirmed by the National Assembly. If the nomination of a person for the job of Prime Minister is rejected three times by the National Assembly, then the President may appoint a Prime Minister without the consent of the National Assembly.
Although, the Prime Minister normally chairs the meetings of the Cabinet, the President can also chair the meetings of the Cabinet according to the Constitution. The President also has the power to cancel the orders and resolutions of the Cabinet. The Cabinet resigns when a newly elected President takes office and a new Cabinet is formed by the new President.
Related pages
President of Azerbaijan
Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
Constitution of Azerbaijan
References
Politics of Azerbaijan
Omega-6 fatty acid

Omega-6 fatty acids are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Some medical research notes that high levels of omega-6 fatty acids from seed oils may increase the chance for a number of diseases. However, having non-rancid nuts, which are high in omega-6, is associated with lower risk for some diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, stroke, heart attacks and certain cancers.
Modern Western diets often have ratios of omega-6 to omega 3 higher than 10. Some are as high as 30. The normal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in the Western diet is 15-16.7, mainly from vegetable oils.
Dietary sources
Vegetable oils are a major source of omega-6 linoleic acid. Worldwide, more than 100 million metric tons of vegetable oils are extracted annually from palm fruits, soybean seeds, rape seeds, and sunflower seeds, providing more than 32 million metric tons of omega-6 linoleic acid and 4 million metric tons of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid.
Dietary sources of omega-6 fatty acids include:
poultry
eggs
nuts
hulled sesame seeds
cereals
durum wheat
whole-grain breads
pumpkin seeds
most vegetable oils including
grape seed oil
evening primrose oil
borage oil
blackcurrant seed oil
flax or linseed oil
rapeseed or canola oil
hemp oil
soybean oil
cottonseed oil
sunflower seed oil
corn oil
safflower oil
palm oil
References
Lipids
Food supplements
Tin whistle

A tin whistle is a metal whistle commonly made of brass tubing or nickel plated brass tubing fitted with a plastic fipple (mouthpiece). It is very popular among the Irish being important to Irish folk music.
Woodwind instruments
Kickin' it Up

Kickin' it Up is the second studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on January 25, 1994.
1994 albums
John Michael Montgomery albums
The Great Wave off Kanagawa

The Great Wave off Kanagawa is a woodblock print made by Hokusai.
The art work was printed somewhere between 1830 and 1833 which was during the Edo period. It is the first print in the series, Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji. It shows a giant wave threatening boats near the Japanese prefecture of Kanagawa. It was made with the ukiyo-e printing technique.
References
Other websites
Metropolitan Museum of Art (MMA), "The Great Wave at Kanagawa"
Although it mostly was grainy feeling to the touch, it held a great part of history
1830s works
Silt

Silt is soil or rock that developed from granular material of a specific grain size.
Silty soil has much smaller particles than sandy soil, so it is smooth to the touch. When moistened, it is soapy slick. When rolled between the fingers, dirt is left on the skin.
Silty soil retains water longer, but it can't hold on to as many nutrients as you'd want it to, though it's fairly fertile. Due to its moisture-retentive quality, silty soil is cold and drains poorly.
Grain size criteria
Silt particles range between a and mm (3.9 to 62.5 mm), larger than clay but smaller than a sand. Silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are about the same size in all dimensions.
Silt may occur as a soil or alternatively as suspended sediment in a water column of any surface water body. It may also exist as deposition soil at the bottom of a water body after it is eroded elsewhere and transported by a stream or by a current. Silt is easily transported in water and is fine enough to be carried long distances by air as 'dust'. Thick deposits of silty material that result from wind deposition are often called loess (a German term) or limon (French). Silt and clay contribute to in water.
Geology
Riigikogu

The Riigikogu is the parliament of Estonia. Today the Riigikogu has 101 seats.
The Estonian word riigikogu is cognate to the German word Reichstag.
Government of Estonia
John Drew (basketball)

John Edward Drew (September 30, 1954 - April 10, 2022) was an American professional basketball player. He played as a small forward. He played eleven seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1974 until 1984 for the Atlanta Hawks and Utah Jazz. Drew was a two-time NBA All-Star. Drew was born in Vredenburgh, Alabama.
Drew died of bone cancer on April 10, 2022 in Houston, Texas at the age of 67.
References
1954 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from bone cancer
Atlanta Hawks players
Utah Jazz players
Sportspeople from Alabama
Ohio's 1st congressional district

Ohio's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the state of Ohio. The district elects a representative for the district at the United States House of Representatives. The district is currently represented by Republican Steve Chabot. The district was once represented by the 9th President of the United States, William Henry Harrison. William Henry Harrison represented the district before he was president. The district includes the cities of Cheviot, Forest Park, Franklin, Harrison, Indian Hill, Springdale, St. Bernard, Mason, Lebanon, Sharonville, and Carlisle. A small part of Cincinnati is also in the district. Some people believe that the Republicans used gerrymandering when making the district so Steve Chabot could win the elections easier.
Election history
References
Geography of Ohio
Karjolsteinen

Karjolsteinen (The Carriage Stone) is a 1977 Norwegian drama movie directed by Knut Andersen and was based on the novel of the same name by Sigbjorn Holmebakk. It stars Marit Gronhaug, Sverre Anker Ousdal, Erik Oksnes, Grethe Ryan, Arne Lindtner Naess.
Other websites
Filmweb.no: Karjolsteinen
1977 drama movies
Norwegian drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Knut Andersen
John Saldivar

John Birchman Saldivar is a Belizean politician. A member of the United Democratic Party (UDP), Saldivar is currently serving as the Minister of National Security and Defence since 8 March 2012. He is also the Member of Parliament (MP) for Belmopan constituency in the House of Representatives (Belize) since it's creation on 7 February 2008. He was previously Area Representative for Cayo South from 29 October 2003 to 7 February 2008.
Early life
John Birchman Saldivar was born in 1967 in Belmopan, then known as British Honduras. He is a current Resident of Belmopan and has lived there since Birth.
Electoral history
Saldivar first joined the UDP in 1993 and officially entered Electoral politics in 1997 after he submitted his Nomination to be endorsed as the new UDP Standard Bareer for Cayo South constituency in a convention and election. The former Standard-Bareer, Melvin Hulse Sr. was thought to contest the Convention (meeting), but declined the offer and resigned from the UDP to join the National Alliance for Belizean Rights (NABR). Leaving Saldivar to be endorsed. Saldivar went on to face PUP Standard-Bareer, Agripino Cawich. Both Saldivar and Cawich were political newcomers. The PUP was at the helm of Cayo South for over 3 decades. So Saldivar knew that defeating Cawich would not be easy, despite the lack of his political Experience.
Belizean politicians
Rijssen-Holten

Rijssen-Holten is a municipality in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 38,000 people were living there in 2021.
It was created from the former municipalities of Holten and Rijssen on 1 January 2001. The new municipality was called Rijssen but renamed in Rijssen-Holten in 2003.
Rijssen-Holten lies partially in Salland region (Holten area) and partially in Twente region (Rijssen area). Administratively the municipality belongs to Twente region. It borders Achterhoek region.
References
Plaatsengids.nl
2003 establishments in the Netherlands
Municipalities of Overijssel
Salland
Twente
Frédéric Kanouté

Frederic Kanoute (dorn 2 Speetbbmmbre 1977) is a Malian football player. He plays for Sevilla and Mali national team. hewas from
Club career statistics
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Olympique Lyonnais||rowspan="3"|Division 1||18||6||1||0||0||0||11||2||30||8
|-
|1998/99||9||2||0||0||0||0||2||1||11||3
|-
|1999/00||13||1||0||0||2||0||2||0||17||1
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|West Ham United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||8||2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||2
|-
|2000/01||32||11||4||3||3||0||colspan="2"|-||39||14
|-
|2001/02||27||11||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||28||12
|-
|2002/03||17||5||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||5
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="3"|Premier League||27||7||1||3||3||2||colspan="2"|-||31||12
|-
|2004/05||32||7||5||0||4||2||colspan="2"|-||41||9
|-
|2005/06||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Sevilla||rowspan="5"|La Liga||32||6||2||2||colspan="2"|-||12||7||46||15
|-
|2006/07||32||21||5||4||colspan="2"|-||11||5||48||30
|-
|2007/08||30||16||2||4||colspan="2"|-||10||6||42||26
|-
|2008/09||34||18||6||2||colspan="2"|-||2||2||42||22
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
40||9||1||0||2||0||15||3||58||12
144||43||11||7||10||4||colspan="2"|-||165||54
128||61||15||12||colspan="2"|-||35||20||178||93
312||113||27||19||12||4||50||23||401||159
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2004||12||7
|-
|2005||2||0
|-
|2006||3||2
|-
|2007||3||2
|-
|2008||9||6
|-
|2009||6||4
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||35||21
|}
References
Malian footballers
1977 births
Living people
Rogers Park, Chicago

Rogers Park is one of the 77 Chicago community areas on the far north side of Chicago, Cook County, Illinois and is also the name of the Chicago neighborhood that constitutes most of the community area.
Rogers Park is located nine miles north of the Cook County Courthouse in downtown Chicago. It is bounded by the city of Evanston along Juneway Terrace and Howard Street to the north, Ridge Boulevard to the west, Devon Avenue and the Edgewater neighborhood to the south, and Lake Michigan to the east.
The neighborhood just to the west, West Ridge, was part of Rogers Park until the 1890s.
References
Community areas of Chicago
National Anthem of Lebanon

The national anthem of Lebanon (, ) was adopted in 1927.
Lyrics
Translations
References
Leb
Lebanon
1927 works
Cultural Revolution

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Simplified Chinese: Wu Chan Jie Ji Wen Hua Da Ge Ming , Traditional Chinese: Wu Chan Jie Ji Wen Hua Da Ge Ming , Pinyin: Wuchan Jieji Wenhua Da Geming, literally: Proletarian Cultural Great Revolution); shortened in Chinese as or , also known simply as the Cultural Revolution, was a time of large cultural change in China, started by Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China. It happened from 1966 to 1976.
The start of the Cultural Revolution followed the failure of the Great Leap Forward. Mao tried to remove capitalists from the Communist Party of China, the party in charge of China. To get rid of the capitalists, he started the Socialist Education Movement. It started in 1962 and ended in 1965. At the same time, a redoing of the school system made sure that students were able to also work in factories and communes. Mao slowly started to regain power in 1965, supported by Lin Biao, Jiang Qing, and Chen Boda.
The Communist Party was split between Mao's partners and Deng Xiaoping's partners. Deng Xiaoping was a rival of Mao. Mao then tried to get support from young people in China by creating the book Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong (also known as the Little Red Book), a collection of Mao's sayings. The Red Guard was also made popular. They were a group of young people in China that went around teaching Mao's sayings. They also beat people who disagreed with Mao and destroyed homes and museums. There were many fights breaking out, and China faced anarchy. During the revolution, several important people in China were forced to leave. These people included Liu Shaoqi, President of China, and Deng Xiaoping, the secretary-general of the Communist Party of China.
The Cultural Revolution began to slow down in 1967, and ended in 1969. The Ninth National Party Congress was a meeting where the end of the Cultural Revolution was announced.
Effects
The Cultural Revolution caused a lot of problems in China. Production in factories was lowered because of the workers' political activities. It was also lowered because the people put in charge of the factories did not know how to run them. Transportation was made worse because a lot of trains were being used to take Red Guards around the country. Many scientists and engineers were put in jail or sent to work on the farms, which meant that their knowledge was lost. Because of these changes, the industrial output of China was reduced by 14 percent.
The education of many Chinese people was also cut short. The education system was more disrupted in the cities than in the countryside. Universities and many schools were closed. A program called the "sent-down youth" program also disrupted education. In that program, children were sent from the cities to the countryside.
Related pages
Great Leap Forward
References
History of China
Division of West Sydney

The Division of West Sydney was an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. The division was one of the original 75 divisions created in 1900 for the first federal election in 1901. It was abolished in 1968. It covered the inner western suburbs of Sydney, and at various times included the suburbs of Pyrmont, Darling Harbour, Surry Hills, Balmain and Glebe.
Members
It was the first of four seats to be held by Billy Hughes, the 11th Prime Minister of Australia and the longest-serving member of the Australian Parliament. It was also held by T. J. Ryan, a former Premier of Queensland.
West Sydney
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
1969 disestablishments in Australia
Saint-Sulpice, Neuchâtel

Saint-Sulpice was a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers in the canton of Neuchatel in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, Boveresse, Buttes, Couvet, Fleurier, Les Bayards, Motiers, Noiraigue, Saint-Sulpice and Travers joined together and became the new municipality of Val-de-Travers.
References
Former municipalities of Neuchatel
Kulbhushan Jadhav

Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav (also spelled Kulbhushan Yadav), also known as Hussain Mubarak Patel), (born 16 April 1970) is an Indian national. He was arrested in Balochistan, Pakistan, and charged with terrorism and spying for India's intelligence agency--Research and Analysis Wing.
References
1970 births
Living people
Indian criminals
Indian activists
Marathi people
Sunkist (soft drink)

Sunkist is a brand of soft drinks. They mostly make orange flavored drinks. the brand was launched in 1979.
Further reading
1984 Sunkist Ad featuring the "Good Vibrations" theme song, YouTube video "" Retrieved on March 27, 2008.
1984-85 Sunkist Ad featuring the "Good Vibrations" theme song, YouTube video "" Retrieved on May 12, 2008.
Cadbury Schweppes purchases Canada Dry and Sunkist soft drinks from RJR (July 1986), New York Times (online) "" Retrieved on March 27, 2008.
Sunkist Soda - History
Sunkist Soda - Products
References
Soft drinks
1979 establishments in the United States
Nury Martinez

Nury Martinez (born July 9, 1973) is an American Democratic politician. She has been a member of the Los Angeles City Council since 2013. In 2020, she became the council's president. She is the first Latina to become President of the council.
In October 2022, she resigned as city council president after making racist comments about African-Americans in Los Angeles.
Martinez was born in San Fernando Valley, California. She studied at California State University, Northridge.
References
1973 births
Living people
Politicians from Los Angeles
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense

Gremio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense is a football club which plays in Brazil.
League title
World championship : 1
1983
Copa Libertadores da America : 3
1983
1995
2017
Serie A : 2
1981, 1996
Copa do Brasil : 5
1989, 1994, 1997, 2001, 2016
Brazilian football clubs
Porto Alegre
1903 establishments in South America
1900s establishments in Brazil
Mladé Bříště

Mlade Briste is a village in the Pelhrimov District, Vysocina Region of the Czech Republic. About 245 people live there. It covers 5.33 km2. It was first documented in 1226.
Villages in Vysocina Region
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory

Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy movie directed by Mel Stuart. It stars Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka and Jack Albertson as Grandpa Joe. It is a movie version of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl.
Filming took place in Munich in 1970. It was released by Paramount Pictures on June 30, 1971. The movie became highly popular in part through repeated television airings and home entertainment sales. In 1972, the movie received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score, and Wilder was nominated for a Golden Globe as Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, but lost both awards.
In 2014, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
References
1971 movies
American fantasy movies
American musical movies
Movies based on books
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (franchise)