pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Elisha Levy

Elisha Levy (; born on 18 November 1957 in Jerusalem) is a former professional football player.
Player
Levy played in Hapoel Hapoel Beit Sha'an youth team from 1968 to 1974.
After playing in Hapoel Beit Sha'an youth team, Elisha Levy was playing for Hapoel Beit Sha'an from 1974 to 1982. For 1 year, 1982-1983, Elisha Levy was played for Maccabi Haifa. In 1983-1987, Levy played in Maccabi Petah Tikva Elisha Levy was playing for Hapoel Beit Sha'an at 1987-1989.
Elisha Levy was retired from football after two years in Hapoel Beit Sha'an.
Manager
Levy managed teams for 20 years. Currently, Elisha Levy manages Maccabi Haifa.
1957 births
Living people
Israeli football managers
Israeli footballers
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
People from Jerusalem
Antimicrobial

An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria, and antifungals are used against fungi. They can also be classified according to their function. Agents that kill microbes are microbicidal, while those that merely stop their growth are called biostatic. The use of antimicrobial medicines to treat infection is known as antimicrobial chemotherapy, while the use of antimicrobial medicines to prevent infection is called antimicrobial prophylaxis.
The main types of antimicrobial agents are disinfectants (such as bleach), which kill a wide range of microbes on non-living surfaces to prevent the spread of illness, antiseptics (which are applied to living tissue and help reduce infection during surgery), and antibiotics (which kill microorganisms within the body). The term "antibiotic" originally described only those creations that came from living microorganisms but is now also applied to synthetic agents, such as sulfonamides or fluoroquinolones. The term also used to be only applied to antibacterials, but its meaning has widened to include all antimicrobials. Antibacterial agents can be further grouped into bactericidal agents, which kill bacteria, and bacteriostatic agents, which slow down or stall bacterial growth. In response, further advancements in antimicrobial technologies have resulted in solutions that can go past simply stopping germ growth. Instead, certain types of porous media have been made to kill microbes on contact.
References
Microbiology
Kesmat Wkhayen

Kesmat Wkhayen () is a Tunisian drama television sitcom, in Tunisian Arabic, directed by Sami Fehri based on a script by Rafika Boujday. It is broadcast on El Hiwar El Tounsi channel during the month of Ramadan 2019 in Tunisia.
Synopsis
After their father died, Toutou is trying to con his half brother Hafnaoui out of his legal rights to heritage.
Cast
References
Drama television series
John Large

John Harold Large (1943 - 3 November 2018) was an English consulting Chartered Engineer primarily. He was known for his work in assessing and reporting nuclear safety and nuclear related accidents and incidents, work which has often featured in the media.
He provided technical evidence in the Friends of the Earth legal action over the failure of the steam generators of the Southern California San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station in 2013.
Large died on 3 November 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 75.
References
1943 births
2018 deaths
British engineers
Scientists from London
English activists
Nuclear engineers
Haskell, Oklahoma

Haskell is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Towns in Oklahoma
Taro

Taro is a plant used as a vegetable. People eat its stem (corm) and its leaves. It is grown by people in Oceania. It is one of the earliest plants that people grew. It is poisonous when raw, but is safe to eat if it is cooked.
Images
Araceae
Foods
Mittelsachsen

The rural district Mittelsachsen is a district in Saxony, Germany. It was founded in August, 2008. Mittelsachsen is made up of the former rural districts Freiberg, Dobeln and Mittweida.
Towns and municipalities
{|
! align=left width=33%|Towns
! colspan=2 align=left width=67%|Municipalities
|- valign=top
||
Augustusburg
Brand-Erbisdorf
Burgstadt
Dobeln
Floha
Frankenberg
Frauenstein
Freiberg
Geringswalde
Grossschirma
Hainichen
Hartha
Leisnig
Lunzenau
Mittweida
Oederan
Penig
Rochlitz
Rosswein
Sayda
Waldheim
||
Altmittweida
Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf
Claussnitz
Dorfchemnitz
Eppendorf
Erlau
Grosshartmannsdorf
Grossweitzschen
Halsbrucke
Hartmannsdorf
Konigsfeld
Konigshain-Wiederau
Kriebstein
Leubsdorf
Lichtenau
Lichtenberg
||
Muhlau
Mulda
Neuhausen
Niederwiesa
Oberschona
Ostrau
Rechenberg-Bienenmuhle
Reinsberg
Rossau
Seelitz
Striegistal
Taura
Wechselburg
Weissenborn
Zettlitz
Zschaitz-Ottewig
|}
References
Other websites
Official website (German)
Burke, Vermont

Burke is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Battle of Perryville

The Battle of Perryville was a battle of the American Civil War. It was fought on October 8, 1862. Neither side won the battle.
Perryville
1862 in the United States
October events
History of Kentucky
Buffalo, North Dakota

Buffalo is a city in Cass County, North Dakota, United States.
Cities in North Dakota
Sia

Sia Kate Isobelle Furler (born 18 December 1975) (known mononymously as Sia) is an Australian singer. She was born and raised in Adelaide. She is known for the songs "Clap Your Hands", "Wild Ones" with Flo Rida, "Titanium" with French DJ David Guetta, "Chandelier", and "Cheap Thrills". The last three of these songs managed to reach the top ten worldwide.
Album release
Sia's fifth album We Are Born was released in 2010. Her album 1000 Forms of Fear was released in 2014. It entered on the Billboard 200 albums chart at number one. It was her first number-one album in the U.S. 1000 Forms of Fear featured the Grammy-nominated top-ten single "Chandelier", along with "Elastic Heart".
Sia released her album This Is Acting in January 2016. The track features the singles "Alive" (which was written with Adele, who turned down releasing the song) and "Cheap Thrills". A remix of "Cheap Thrills" features the Jamaican reggae recording artist Sean Paul. This version of the song reached number one in the US and Canada, number two in the UK, and the top ten in Australia. It was nominated for a 2017 Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance. It lost to "Stressed Out" by Twenty One Pilots. This Is Acting was re-released as a deluxe edition in late 2016. It includes the Sean Paul remix of "Cheap Thrills" and a version of the song "The Greatest" featuring rapper Kendrick Lamar, which reached the top 20 in the US. In 2017, she released the album Everyday is Christmas
Personal life
Sia is bisexual. She married Erik Anders Lang in August 2014. They announced their splitting in late 2016. In 2020, Sia revealed that she had adopted two boys who had grown out of the foster care system.
She has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Sia is a vegetarian.
Public image
When she became a celebrity, Sia was uncomfortable with being famous. She is well-known for hiding her face during performances and music videos.
Works
Sia co-wrote "Diamonds" for Rihanna's album Unapologetic (2012), which topped charts worldwide. She co-wrote "Pretty Hurts", the first song on Beyonce's fifth album Beyonce (2013) with Knowles and producer Ammo.
In 2018, Sia voiced Ms. Tiggy-Winkle in the animation movie Peter Rabbit.
She released Music, a musical film which she co-wrote and directed, in 2021. She wrote ten songs for its soundtrack.
Albums
Healing Is Difficult (2001)
Colour the Small One (2004)
Some People Have Real Problems (2008)
We Are Born (2010)
1000 Forms of Fear (2014)
This Is Acting (2016)
Everyday Is Christmas (2017)
Music - Songs from and Inspired by the Motion Picture (2021)
References
1975 births
Living people
Australian LGBT people
Australian pop singers
Australian singer-songwriters
Bisexual people
LGBT singers
Musicians from Adelaide
People with bipolar disorder
Atlantic Records artists
Daniel Sedin

Daniel Sedin (born September 26, 1980) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey winger. He played a total of 17 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He spent his entire NHL career with the Vancouver Canucks playing alongside his identical twin brother Henrik. Born and raised in Ornskoldsvik, Sweden, they played together throughout their careers; the pair were known for their effectiveness playing off one another. Daniel was known as a goal-scorer, while Henrik was known as a playmaker.
On April 5, 2018, the Sedin twins played their last game together in Rogers Arena against the Arizona Coyotes. Daniel played his last game on April 7, 2018 and retired alongside his brother after the 2017-18 NHL season. The Sedins both won the King Clancy Memorial Trophy at the end of the season, making it the first time two brothers shared the trophy.
On February 12, 2020, a ceremony took place which celebrated the Sedins' career. During the event, Daniel's jersey number 22 and Henrik's number 33 were retired and raised to the rafters of Rogers Arena. On 28 June 2022, Daniel and Henrik became the first Canucks inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Bold indicates led league
International
*All statistics taken from NHL.com
NHL All-Star Games
Awards
References
Other websites
1980 births
Art Ross Trophy winners
Living people
Swedish Olympic gold medalists
Swedish ice hockey players
Swedish Hockey League players
Twin people
Vancouver Canucks players
David Jemmali

David Jemmali (born 13 December 1974) is a Tunisian football player. He has played for Tunisia national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="3"|Cannes||rowspan="3"|Division 1||1||0
|-
|1995/96||20||0
|-
|1996/97||35||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="11"|Girondins Bordeaux||rowspan="5"|Division 1||24||0
|-
|1998/99||13||1
|-
|1999/00||12||0
|-
|2000/01||16||0
|-
|2001/02||28||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="6"|Ligue 1||29||2
|-
|2003/04||23||1
|-
|2004/05||26||0
|-
|2005/06||33||1
|-
|2006/07||28||0
|-
|2007/08||8||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Grenoble||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||20||0
|-
|2009/10||||
316||5
316||5
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
|2007||5||0
|-
!Total||10||0
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Tunisian footballers
Sportspeople from Tunis
Coat of arms of Iceland

The coat of arms of Iceland has a silver-fimbriated, red cross on blue shield. The supporters are the four protectors of Iceland (landvaettir) standing on a pahoehoe lava block. The bull (Gridungur) is the protector of northwestern Iceland, the eagle or griffin (Gammur) protects northeastern Iceland, the dragon (Dreki) protects the southeastern part, and the rock-giant (Bergrisi) is the protector of southwestern Iceland.
Iceland
National symbols of Iceland
Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy ( ; ; - ) was a Greek who probably lived and worked in Alexandria, Egypt. He is famous for his work on astronomy and geography. Very little is known about his personal life.
He was an astronomer, mathematician, and geographer. He described in his writing the Greek geocentric view of the universe. Earlier Greek philosophers changed the old assumption of a flat Earth below a "vault of the heavens". They substituted a spherical Earth surrounded by a Celestial sphere. Ptolemy built these two spheres into a system of nested spheres. He also thought out and described the apparent motions of the planets as they were known in his time.
Ptolemy explained and extended Hipparchus's system of epicycles and eccentric circles to explain the Earth-centered theory of the world. Ptolemy's system involved at least 80 epicycles to explain the motions of the Sun, the Moon, and the five planets known in his time. He believed the planets and sun moved around the Earth in this order: Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn.
This system became known as the Ptolemaic system. It predicts the positions of the planets well enough for naked-eye observations, so it seemed accurate at the time. This is described in his book Mathematical Syntaxis (widely called the Almagest), a thirteen-book mathematical treatment of the phenomena of astronomy. It contains a wide variety of information ranging from earth conceptions to sun, moon, and star movement as well as eclipses and an explanation of the length of months. The Almagest also included a star catalog containing 48 constellations, using the names we still use today.
In addition to his well-known works in astronomy, Claudius Ptolemy was important in the history of geography and cartography (making maps). He was influential up to the 16th century. Then his ideas were disproved by Nicolaus Copernicus. Ptolemy knew that the Earth is a sphere. Ptolemy's is the first known projection of the sphere onto a plane. His Geography remained the main work on the subject until the time of Christopher Columbus. But he had Asia extending much too far east, which may have been a factor in Columbus's decision to try to reach India by sailing west from Europe.
The Ptolemaic explanation of the motions of the planets was the accepted wisdom until the Polish scholar Copernicus proposed a Sun-centered (heliocentric) view in 1543. Though the heliocentric idea is correct, its predictions were not better than Ptolemy's until Kepler's Laws were added.
Ptolemy may not actually have believed in the reality of his system. He may have thought of it only as a method of calculating positions.
Related pages
Geocentrism
Notes
100 births
160s deaths
Ancient Greek astronomers
Greek geographers
Hymenium

The hymenium is the layer of tissue on the hymenophore of the part of a fungus that fruits. It is where cells grow into basidium or asci, which make spores.
Where the hymenium is found is traditionally the first thing used to identify mushrooms or to group mushrooms into families. Below are some examples of where to find the hymenium in different types of Basidiomycota and Ascomycota.
In agarics, the hymenium is on the flat sides of the gills.
In boletes, it is in a spongy mass of tubes that point down.
In puffballs, it is on the inside.
In stinkhorns, it grows on the inside and then comes out as a bad-smelling gel.
In cup fungi, it is on the inner surface of the cup.
In teeth fungi, it grows on the outside of tooth-like spines.
Gallery
References
Regis Courtecuisse, Bernard Duhem : Guide des champignons de France et d'Europe (Delachaux & Niestle, 1994-2000).
Other websites
IMA Mycological Glossary: Hymenium
IMA Mycological Glossary: Subhymenium
APSnet Illustrated Glossary of Plant Pathology: Hymenium Hymenium of an ascomycete, Monilinia fructicola
Jack Murphy Mycological Images: Hymenium Hymenium of a basidiomycete, Russula laurocerasi
Fungi
Motorboat

A motorboat is a boat which is powered by an engine (also commonly called a motor). Some motorboats, especially those used for water skiing, may have two engines. Some motorboats are made with inboard engines; others have an outboard motor installed on the outside, containing the internal combustion engine, the gearbox and the propeller in one portable unit.
An inboard/outboard contains a hybrid of a powerplant and an outboard, where the internal combustion engine is installed inside the boat, and the gearbox and propeller are outside.
Boats
Bembridge

Bembridge is a village on the Isle of Wight. It is the village which is farthest to the east on the island. According to the 2001 census of the United Kingdom it had a population of 3,848. The large population (for a village) means that some people have said that it has the biggest population of any village in the United Kingdom. Many of the most rich people who live on the Isle of Wight live in Bembridge.
History
The villages of Bembridge and Yaverland were once a separate island, off the coast of the rest of the Isle of Wight. There was a channel of water called Brading Haven, which separated the two islands. Before the time in which Queen Victoria was the queen of the United Kingdom, the village of Bembridge only had a few huts and farm houses. It was only when a church was built in 1827 that the village started to grow.
Geography
The most old buildings in the village are found close to the church in the north of the village. In this part of the village there are a number of shops, pubs (places to buy and drink alcohol), and restaurants (places to buy food). There is also the village hall (a place for meetings, sales and events).
In the south of the village there is an area which is called 'Lane End'. It is a more modern part of the village and has its own shops. In this part of the village there is a lifeboat station. There are two schools in Bembridge, one is for children of ages 4-8, and the other is for children of ages 9-13.
References
Villages on the Isle of Wight
Zilpha Keatley Snyder

Zilpha Keatley Snyder (May 11, 1927 - October 8, 2014) was an American author of books for children and young adults. Three of Snyder's works were named Newbery Honor books: The Egypt Game, The Headless Cupid and The Witches of Worm.
Snyder died in San Francisco, California from a stroke, aged 87.
References
1927 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Writers from California
Devil's Dyke

Devil's Dyke, or Devil's Ditch is an earthwork in Cambridgeshire, England. A few parts of Bronze Age broken pots have been found there.
Monuments and memorials in England
Aafke van Leeuwen

Aafke van Leeuwen (born 13 July 1992) is a martial arts fighter. She represents the Netherlands in ju-jitsu at international competitions.
Van Leeuwen became in 2022 for the fourth time world champion. She competed at the 2022 World Games, winning the bronze medal in the mixed team event.
References
1992 births
Living people
Dutch martial artists
Sportswomen
Guernésiais

Guernesiais is a Norman language spoken on the Channel island of Guernsey. It is related to the Jerriais language on nearby Jersey island. It is part of the Oil languages family. Only 2% of the island's people speak the language.
The most recent dictionary of Guernesais, Dictiounnaire Angllais-guernesiais by Marie de Garis, was released in 1967. It was revised in 1982.
References
Languages of the Channel Islands
Guernsey
Heat

Heat, or thermal energy, is the sum of the kinetic energy of atoms or molecules. In thermodynamics, heat means energy which is moved between two things, when one of them has a higher temperature than the other thing.
Adding heat to something increases its temperature, but heat is not the same as temperature. The temperature of an object is the measure of the average speed of the moving particles in it. The energy of the particles is called the internal energy. When an object is heated, its internal energy can increase to make the object hotter. The first law of thermodynamics says that the increase in internal energy is equal to the heat added minus the work done on the surroundings.
Heat can also be defined as the amount of thermal energy in a system. Thermal energy is the type of energy that a thing has because of its temperature. In thermodynamics, thermal energy is the internal energy present in a system in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium because of its temperature. That is, heat is defined as a spontaneous flow of energy (energy in transit) from one object to another, caused by a difference in temperature between two objects; therefore, objects do not possess heat.
Properties of Heat
Heat is a form of energy and not a physical substance. Heat has no mass.
Heat can move from one place to another in different ways:
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
The measure of how much heat is needed to cause a change in temperature for a material is the specific heat capacity of the material. If the particles in the material are hard to move, then more energy is needed to make them move quickly, so a lot of heat will cause a small change in temperature. A different particle that is easier to move will need less heat for the same change in temperature.
Specific heat capacities can be looked up in a table, like this one.
Unless some work is done, heat moves only from hot things to cold things.
Measuring heat
Heat can be measured. That is, the amount of heat given out or taken in can be given a value. The calorie is one of the units of measurement for heat but the joule is also used for all kinds of energy including heat.
Heat is usually measured with a calorimeter, where the energy in a material is allowed to flow into nearby water, which has a known specific heat capacity. The temperature of the water is then measured before and after, and heat can be found using a formula.
References
Related pages
Entropy
Heat transfer
Radiation
Internal energy
Temperature
Power
Heat capacity
Waste heat
Other websites
Plasma heat at 2 gigakelvins - Article about extremely high temperature generated by scientists (Foxnews.com)
Heat and Thermodynamics - Georgia State University
Correlations for Convective Heat Transfer - ChE Online Resources
An Introduction to the Quantitative Definition and Analysis of Heat written for High School Students
Basic English 850 words
Basic physics ideas
Thermodynamics
Navy Pier

Navy Pier is a pier on the Chicago shoreline of Lake Michigan. It is long. It is in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. The pier was built in 1916. It cost $4.5 million. It was a part of the Plan of Chicago developed by architect and city planner Daniel Burnham and his partners. The pier has a tall Ferris wheel.
Other websites
Chicago Children's Museum on Navy Pier
Chicago Shakespeare Theater on Navy Pier
IMAX Theater on Navy Pier
Photos of Navy Pier at Night
3D Google Earth Model
Buildings and structures in Chicago
La Ville-aux-Bois

La Ville-aux-Bois is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
Communes in Aube
Australia Day

Australia Day is a public holiday held on 26 January every year in Australia. It is celebrated to remember the day that the First Fleet landed in Australia. On 26 January 1788 British people landed at Sydney Cove and began a British convict settlement.
Disputes
Some people do not believe that Australia Day should be celebrated on this date. For example, some indigenous Australians call the date Invasion Day or Survival Day because it was the day that their native land was invaded.
Arrival of the First Fleet
On 13 May 1787, 11 ships were sent from Great Britain to Australia. The ships carried mostly prisoners to Australia where many were going to be living the rest of their lives. The ships were led by Captain Arthur Phillip, who was later promoted to an Admiral.
References
National days
Day, Australia
January events
Something Got Me Started

"Something Got Me Started" is a 1991 song by British band Simply Red and is the leading single from their fourth studio album Stars. It went to the top 20 in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Track listings
7-inch, cassette, and mini-CD single
"Something Got Me Started"
"A New Flame"
UK 12-inch single
A1. "Something Got Me Started" (Perfecto mix)
B1. "Something Got Me Started" (instrumental)
B2. "A New Flame"
UK CD single
"Something Got Me Started"
"Come on in My Kitchen"
"A New Flame"
"Something Got Me Started" (Perfecto mix)
US 12-inch single
A1. "Something Got Me Started" (Hurley's house remix) - 5:56
A2. "Something Got Me Started" (Hurley's dub) - 5:44
B1. "Something Got Me Started" (E-Smoove's Late Night mix) - 5:00
B2. "Something Got Me Started" (Smoove dub mix) - 5:44
US CD single
"Something Got Me Started" - 4:00
"Come on in My Kitchen" - 1:30
"If You Don't Know Me by Now" - 3:24
"Something Got Me Started" (Perfecto mix) - 5:13
References
1991 songs
Funk songs
Simply Red songs
Charades

Charades or charade ( or ) is a word guessing game. A player acts out a word or phrase and the other players attempt to guess what the word or phrase is in a certain amount of time. The person who is acting usually pantomimes similar sounding words. The game has also been adapted into television shows like Acting Crazy, Party Game, Give Us a Clue, Body Language and Celebrity Charades.
Other websites
The rules for Charades
Games
Thomas Jefferson Byrd

Thomas Jefferson Byrd (25 June 1950 - 3 October 2020) was an American actor. He was known for starring in many movies by director Spike Lee. He was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in the 2003 Broadway revival of Ma Rainey's Black Bottom. He was born in Griffin, Georgia.
Byrd was shot and killed in Atlanta, Georgia on 3 October 2020, aged 70.
References
1950 births
2020 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American crime victims
Murders by firearm in the United States
Actors from Atlanta
Idiotville, Oregon

Idiotville is a ghost town in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. It is near the mouth of Idiot Creek on the Wilson River.
Ghost towns in the United States
Settlements in Oregon
Svealand

Svealand is the central region in Sweden. It consists of the historical provinces of Dalarna, Narke, Sodermanland, Uppland, Varmland, Vastmanland.
Geography of Sweden
Edward Rosling

Sir Edward Rosling (4 December 1863 - 19 January 1946) was a Ceylonese tea planter and politician.
Edward Rosling was born 4 December 1863 in Barnes, Surrey, England. He was the eldest son of his parents. His father Joseph Rosling (1830 - 1890) was a timber merchant in Nutfield. His mother's name was Julia Victoria nee Black (1838 - 1927). He had two half siblings: Mary (b.1858) and Katherine (b.1859) from his father's first marriage. He had three sisters: Margaret (b. 1866), Ethel (b.1869) and Josephine (b.1872) and one brother, Percy (b.1867).
Rosling was educated at Queenwood College, Hampshire. In 1886, at the age of 23, he travelled to Ceylon. He was apprenticed as a "creeper" in Ceylon on a tea plantation in Ambagamuwa. In late 1888 he took up a position as a manager on a tea estate in Nanu Oya. He worked as a tea planter for 27 years. He served as the chairman of the Anglo-Ceylon and General Estates Company Limited. In 1899, he was elected as the president of the Hill Club in Nuwara Eliya. In 1900, he was elected as the chairman of the Planter's Association. After serving for a year, he was re-elected as chairman between 1909 and 1911. In November 1902, Rosling was appointed as an unofficial member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon and a Justice of the Peace. He served on the Council for ten years. He was retired from the Council in 1913. His position on the Council was later filled by William Duff Gibbon.
He married to Isabella Graham White (1866-1958) on 28 June 1888 at Duncairn Church in Belfast, Ireland. They had seven children: Josephine (b.1890), Alfred (b.1892), Edward (b.1895), Isobel Phyllis (b.1898), Percy Campbell (b.1902), Edward (b.1904) and Hugh Patrick (b.1910).
Rosling was knighted in June 1913 for his services on the Legislative Council of Ceylon. After retirement, he returned to England and became the chairman of the Ceylon Association in London between 1914 and 1915.
He died on 19 January 1946 in Weybridge, Surrey, England. He is buried in the cemetery at St. Peter's church in Hersham, Surrey.
Notes
References
1863 births
1946 deaths
People from Surrey
Indiangrass

Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), also called Indian grass, is a North American prairie grass, and is the official state grass of both Oklahoma and South Carolina.
References
Poaceae
symbols of Oklahoma
Heiligenfelde

Heiligenfelde is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmarkische Hohe.
Former municipalities in Saxony-Anhalt
Exmoor pony

The Exmoor pony is a breed of horse. It is native to the British Isles.
Features
The fur is brown, from beige and brown to dark brown and black. The Exmoor pony eats grass and hay. It can be up to tall and weigh . The breeding time is 336 days. They can become 25 years old.
References
Horse breeds
Needles and Pins (song)

"Needles and Pins" is a 1963 rock song by Jackie DeShannon. It was written by Sonny Bono and Jack Nitzsche and went to number 1 in Canada. The most successful version is the 1964 song by The Searchers and went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, Ireland and South Africa and by Smokie in 1977.
References
1963 songs
Jackie DeShannon songs
The Searchers (band) songs
Petula Clark songs
Smokie (band) songs
The Ramones songs
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers songs
Stevie Nicks songs
Cher songs
Jangle pop songs
Byers island

Benjamin Morrell writes that he landed on an island he called Byers Island, on 12th July 1825. According to Morrell, this island was at a position of 28 degrees 32 minutes North, and 177 degrees 4 seconds East. He writes about this, in his book A narrative of four voyages.
This island is a phantom island, and does not exist. Just before, he visited Pearl and Hermes Reef, and gives exact positions for the reef. It can therefore be excluded, that he landed on Kure, and gave a wrong position for it.
Byers is the name of the owner of the ship, and one of Morrell's employers.This is another hint that Morrell may be the source of the hoax. According to Burton R. Pollin, Morrells ghostwriter was the magazine editor and playwright Samuel Woodworth.
So even though Morrell may not be the source of this and other false items in his work, he certainly knew about them. He knew about the "rectified" content of his book.
Morrell sacrificed his scientific reputation in order to be able to increase the sales of his book.
The official maritime manual of 1899 already lists Byer island and Morrell Island as doubtful.
Despite this, globes of 1960s still show the islands, along four other phantom islands, northwest of Kure.
Reference works
Henry M. Stommel: Lost Islands. The Story of Islands That Have Vanished from Nautical Charts. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver 1984, ISBN 978-0-7748-0210-9 .
References
Phantom islands
Saving Abel (2008 album)

On March 11, 2008, the rock band Saving Abel released their hit studio album called Saving Abel (the second self-titled album). A song in this particular album is featured on Saving Abel's previous studio album called 18 Days. There are two major singles on this album called "Addicted" and "18 Days". The album has 11 studio tracks on it, and 2 original B-Sides. The album was produced by producer Skidd Mills. The album's songs have some of the songs featured on it from the previous self-titled studio album like "18 Days", "Drowning (Face Down)", "Running Away from You", and "Beautiful You".
Track listing
"New Tattoo"
"Addicted"
"She Got Over Me"
"18 Days"
"Drowning [Face Down]"
"In God's Eyes!"
"Sailed Away"
"Beautiful Day"
"Out Of My Face"
"Running From You"
"Beautiful You"
Bonus tracks
"Goodbye, So Long"
"After All"
2008 albums
Carlos Luna

Carlos Luna is a retired volleyball player from Venezuela. Carlos competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He was born on 25 January 1981.
References
Other websites
1981 births
Living people
Venezuelan Olympians
Volleyball players
Metastability

Metastability has slightly different meanings in different fields of knowledge. The general idea, however, is that something is metastable if it is not changing, yet given a small force ("nudge") it will transition to another, more stable state.
For example, a block is sitting on a slope (an "inclined plane"). It keeps sitting there until it is nudged, or the slope is gently struck, setting up vibrations. Then the block starts to slide. At that point it keeps sliding until it reaches the bottom. The block sitting at the bottom is stable. The block sitting on the slope but not moving is metastable. And the block as it is moving is unstable.
A real life example of this is an avalanche of snow. The avalanche is unstable (the snow is sliding down the mountainside). When the avalanche is over the snow is stable. Before the avalanche starts, the snow is metastable, since some small perturbation is enough to cause it to lose what might have seemed to be stability, but in fact was only metastability.
Chemistry
Physics
International Energy Agency

The International Energy Agency (IEA; ) is an autonomous intergovernmental organization created in 1974 after the 1973 oil crisis. It is based in Paris.
On 1 September 2015, Fatih Birol succeeded the 2011 Executive Director of the IEA, Maria van der Hoeven.
References
Other websites
Official site
1974 establishments
Energy
International organizations
Susan Greenfield

Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield, (born Hammersmith, London, 1 October 1950) is a British scientist, writer and broadcaster. She specializes in studying how the human brain works and has done a lot of research into diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease which are common in older people. She has written several books and appeared frequently on radio and television. She is very good at explaining what she does to the wide public, using words that ordinary people (non-scientists) can understand. In 1994 she gave the series of Christmas lectures on television for young children.
Life and work
Susan Greenfield was born in Hammersmith, West London. Her parents were of Russian and Austrian origin. She studied at the University of Oxford and also got a doctorate degree from the College de France in Paris. She is Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Oxford and fellow of Lincoln College. She is the head of a group of 18 scientists who study degenerative brain diseases. Until recently she was director of the Royal Institution.
Susan Greenfield is very well known to the wider public through the books she has written and the lectures she has given on radio and on television. In 1994, she was the first woman to give the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures which were sponsored at that time by the BBC. She called those lectures "Journey to the centre of the brain".
Greenfield frequently lectures about the future of the brain and, in particular, the effect that computers are having in the way we think. She says that computer could be very useful for old people because it keeps their minds active. On the other hand she is worried that young people are using computers too much. Although activities such as video games are good for developing certain skills (such as quick reactions), there are many other skills that we need in life (such as the ability to communicate with people and understand other people's emotions) that they do not teach us.
Political
Baroness Greenfield sits in the United Kingdom Parliament in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. She does not belong to any particular party.
Awards and Honours
She has been given many awards, including the CBE for helping the public to understand science. a Chevalier Legion d'Honneur by the French Government. She has been given several honorary degrees and in June 2001, she was made a Life peer, as Baroness Greenfield, of Ot Moor in the County of Oxfordshire.
Personal life
Greenfield was married to an Oxford University Professor of Physical Chemistry, Peter Atkins; they divorced in 2005.
Other websites
http://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/hongrads/2000/greenfield
1950 births
Living people
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Legion of Honour
Scientists from London
Writers from London
United Kingdom Life Peers
British pharmacologists
Members of the House of Lords
Program specification

In computer science, a program specification is the definition of what a computer program is expected to do. It can be informal, in which case it can be considered as a blueprint or user manual from a developer point of view, or formal, in which case it has a definite meaning defined in mathematical or programmatic terms. In practice, most successful specifications are written to understand and fine-tune applications that were already well-developed, although safety-critical software systems are often carefully specified prior to application development. Specifications are most important for external interfaces that must remain stable.
Overview
In systems engineering a specification is a document that clearly and accurately describes the essential technical requirements for items, materials, or services including the procedures by which it can be determined that the requirements have been met. Specifications help avoid duplication and inconsistencies, allow for accurate estimates of necessary work and resources, act as a negotiation and reference document for engineering changes, provide documentation of configuration, and allow for consistent communication among those responsible for the eight primary functions of Systems Engineering. They provide a precise idea of the problem to be solved so that they can efficiently design the system and estimate the cost of design alternatives. They provide guidance to testers for verification (qualification) of each technical requirement.
References
Computer programming
Tschirn

Tschirn is a village in Kronach in Oberfranken (Bavaria, Germany). In the Frankenwald mountain range, it incorporates the sections Tschirn, Dobermuhle and Gemeindeschneidmuhle. The oldest historical record dates 1276.
References
Kronach (district)
Javier Otxoa

Javier Otxoa Palacios (born August 30, 1974 in Vizcaya - August 24, 2018, Alhaurin de la Torre) was a cyclist from Spain. He was a race car driver before being run over by a car. After being run over by a car, he decided to be a cyclist all the time. He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C3 type cyclist. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number 1 racer to finish in the Combined Road race. He was the number 2 cyclist in the Individual Pursuit track race. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number 1 racer to finish in the Road Trial race. He was the number 2 cyclist in the road race.
Otxoa won two gold medals and two silver medals at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2008 Summer Paralympics.
Otxoa died on 24 August 2018 in Alhaurin de la Torre, Spain from sepsis at the age of 43.
References
1974 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from sepsis
Infectious disease deaths in Spain
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
People from the Basque Country
Spanish cyclists
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Mount Pleasant, Arkansas

Mount Pleasant is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Towns in Arkansas
Masashi Miyamura

Masashi Miyamura (born 18 February 1969) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|Yomiuri||rowspan="5"|JSL Division 1||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1988/89||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1989/90||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1990/91||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1991/92||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Fujita||rowspan="2"|Football League||8||0||||||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|1993||4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
|-
|1994||Fujieda Blux||Football League||30||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||31||0
|-
|1995||Fukuoka Blux||Football League||29||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||9||0||1||0||2||0||12||0
|-
|1997||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|1998||Mito Hollyhock||Football League||24||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||26||2
105||2||7||0||4||0||116||2
105||2||7||0||4||0||116||2
|}
References
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Benevento Calcio

Benevento Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.
References
Italian football clubs
1929 establishments in Italy
Batatais (footballer)

Algisto Lorenzato (May 20, 1910 - July 16, 1960), is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
References
1910 births
1960 deaths
Brazilian footballers
United States federal executive departments

The United States federal executive departments are among the oldest primary units of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States-the Departments of State, War, and the Treasury all being established within a few weeks of each other in 1789.
Departments
Past departments
My Way (Usher album)

My Way is the second studio album by American singer Usher. It was released by LaFace Records on September 16, 1997. The album had three singles "Nice & Slow", "My Way" and "You Make Me Wanna...".
History
The album debuted at number 15 on the Billboard 200 chart. It sold 66,000 copies the first week. It also debuted at number four on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It reached number one for three weeks. My Way was then certified 6x Platinum for shipping 6,000,000 copies in the United States. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award. It also became his "breakthrough album". Many music critics gave positive reviews for the album.
Track listing
Sample credits
"Come Back" has a sample of "Funky" by the Ultramagnetic MCs.
"One Day You'll Be Mine" has a sample of "Footsteps in the Dark" by The Isley Brothers.
References
Other websites
mtv.com page on My Way
1997 albums
Usher albums
Northern Province, Zambia

Northern Province is a province in Zambia. The capital is Kasama.
Provinces of Zambia
Buttwil

Buttwil is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
The village is west of Muri.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Taula

A taula ('table' in Catalan) is a stone monument in the shape of a T. It is found on the Balearic Islands of Minorca. They were built by the Talaiotic culture sometime between 1000 BC and 300 BC. Their meaning is unknown but it was probably made for either religious and/or astronomical purposes.
References
Other websites
The Taulas of Menorca
Archaeological sites in Europe
1st millennium BC buildings and structures
Balearic Islands
Dynamics (music)

In music, the dynamics in the piece is the variation in loudness between notes or phrases.
In written music the dynamics are shown by letters which stand for Italian words for the dynamic levels. They are listed in the table below. Notice that "piano", as a dynamic level, is pronounced the Italian way ("pi-AH-no").
Use more than two ps or fs to show that the music is very, very quiet, or very, very loud. Tchaikovsky sometimes used five ps or fs, though only up to three are normally found in sheet music.
Dynamic levels are not something that can be measured exactly. Exactly how loud mp should be depends on several things: what is happening in the music, the instrument, the size of the room in which the music is being played etc. The important thing is that dynamic levels should be correct in relation to one another.
Some composers are very precise about writing the dynamics they want. Others leave a lot to the performer to decide. Historically, composers several centuries ago, such as Bach, only wrote occasional dynamic marks. Even Mozart only wrote a few, mostly p and f. By the 19th century composers were writing dynamics in much more detail in their music.
Sometimes accents are shown by marks similar to dynamic marks. Sforzando means a strong, sudden accent and is abbreviated as sf, sfz or fz. The notation sfzp (or sfp) means a sforzando followed immediately by piano
The terms crescendo, and diminuendo (or sometimes decrescendo), mean a gradual getting louder or quieter. They can also be shown by signs known as "hairpins". A hairpin opening out is a crescendo, one which closes is a diminuendo.
For a quick change in dynamics, molto cresc. and molto dim. are often used (molto means a lot). For slow changes poco a poco cresc. and poco a poco dim. are used (poco a poco means little by little, i.e. very gradually.)
Musical notation
Filiași

Filiasi is a town in Dolj County, Romania, on the Jiu River. In 2002, the population was 18,848.
Filiasi
Tidal (album)

Tidal is the 1996 first album by Fiona Apple. Six singles were released from it: "Shadowboxer", "Slow Like Honey", "Sleep to Dream", "The First Taste", "Criminal" and "Never Is a Promise". "Criminal" received the 1997 Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. Tidal reached number 15 on the U.S. Billboard 200. Rolling Stone put it at #83 in their 100 Best Albums of the Nineties.
Track listing
All songs written by Fiona Apple.
"Sleep to Dream" - 4:08
"Sullen Girl" - 3:53
"Shadowboxer" - 5:24
"Criminal" - 5:41
"Slow Like Honey" - 5:56
"The First Taste" - 4:46
"Never Is a Promise" - 5:54
"The Child Is Gone" - 4:14
"Pale September" - 5:50
"Carrion" - 5:43
References
1996 albums
Fiona Apple albums
Debut albums
Rock albums
Tônia Carrero

Maria Antonieta de Farias Portocarrero (August 23, 1922 - March 3, 2018), known professionally as Tonia Carrero, was a Brazilian actress. She was born in Rio de Janeiro. She was known for her movie role in Tico-Tico no Fuba and for her television roles in Agua Viva and in Louco Amor.
She was awarded with Premio Saci.
Carrero died in Rio de Janeiro on March 3, 2018 of post-surgery cardiac arrest at the age of 95.
References
Other websites
1922 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from surgical complications
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
Actors from Rio de Janeiro
Faroese Americans

Faroese Americans are Americans of Faroese descent or Faroe Islands-born people who reside in the United States. The Faroe Islands are a group of eighteen islands between Iceland and Norway, and they are a part of the Kingdom of Denmark. There are approximately 50,000 Faroese people living in the Faroe Islands today. It is not known how many Faroese Americans there are.
References
Ethnic groups in the United States
Osman Öcalan

Osman Ocalan (1958 - 15 November 2021) was a Turkish Kurdish militant politician He was the commander of the Kurdistan Workers' Party.
Ocalan died of COVID-19 on 15 November 2021 in Erbil, Kurdistan Region at the age of 63.
References
1958 births
2021 deaths
Turkish military people
Kurdish activists
Substitute (The Righteous Brothers song)

"Substitute" is a 1975 song by The Righteous Brothers and the better known version is the 1978 song by South African all girl group Clout. It went to number 1 in Germany, Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa, number 2 in Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, number 10 in Austria and number 12 in Australia.
References
1975 songs
1978 songs
Gloria Gaynor songs
The Righteous Brothers songs
Whisky (movie)

Whisky is a Uruguayan movie that is both funny and sad (tragicomic). It was directed by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll. It was released in 2004. The movie stars Andres Pazos, Mirella Pascual, Jorge Bolani, Ana Katz, and Daniel Hendler. The actors do not talk much or show much feeling. It was first shown at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Un Certain Regard and FIPRESCI Awards.It was Juan Pablo Rebella's last movie before he died in 2006.
Other websites
2004 comedy-drama movies
Uruguayan movies
Argentine comedy movies
Argentine drama movies
German comedy movies
German drama movies
Spanish comedy movies
Spanish drama movies
Movies directed by Pablo Stoll
Movies set in Uruguay
Movies about alcohol
Stella Bail

Stella Bail is a British track cyclist.
She won the silver medal at the 1958 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, in the women's team pursuit event. The 1958 UCI Track Cycling World Championships where the first Track Cycling World Championships where female competed, and so she is the first British female medalist at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships, next to Kathleen Ray who won bronze.
References
British cyclists
Living people