pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rock (geology)

A rock is a naturally occurring solid. Rocks are made of collections of mineral grains that are held together in a firm, solid mass. They are made of minerals (which are crystalline), or other mineral-like substances.
The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock. That means the Earth's crust is made of rock. The different minerals in the rocks make different kinds of rock.
Rock is often covered by soil or water. It is beneath the oceans, lakes, and rivers of the earth, and under the polar icecaps. Petrology is the scientific study of rocks.
Rock classification
Rocks are classified by their minerals and chemical make-up. The processes that formed them are also noted. Rocks may be igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Rock types may change in a so-called 'rock cycle'.
Igneous rocks
For the main article, see Igneous rock
Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma cools, either above or below the surface. They are divided into two main categories: plutonic rock and volcanic rock. Plutonic or intrusive rocks are made when magma cools and crystallizes slowly within the Earth's crust (example granite). Volcanic or extrusive rocks result from magma reaching the surface either as lava or ejecta (examples pumice and basalt). There are over 700 hundred types of igneous rocks, and they are generally the hardest and heaviest of all rocks.
Sedimentary rock
For the main article, see Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are the most common rocks on Earth. They form at or near the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rock is formed in layers which were laid down one by one on top of another. Some of the layers are thin, some are thick. Layers are made by deposition of sediment, organic matter, and chemical precipitates. Of the rocks exposed on the Earth's surface, 66 percent of it are sedimentary rocks.
Deposition is followed by squeezing of sediment under its own weight, and cementation. This process is called 'consolidation': it turns the sediment into a more or less hard substance.
The approximate amounts of different kinds of sedimentary rock are:
Shale (including mudstone, and siltstone): 60%
Sandstones 20%.
Carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite): 15%.
All others: 5%.
Only sedimentary rocks have fossils.
Metamorphic rock
For the main article, see Metamorphic rock
Metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks coming under great pressure and high temperatures. These temperatures and pressures are found under mountains and volcanoes, especially when continental plates move together. These conditions change the make-up of the original minerals.
Impact on human life
Rocks have had an impact on human life. They have been used by humans for over two million years. The mining of rocks for their metals has been one of the most important things in human advancement. Rocks are mined for building materials of all kinds.
Related pages
Geology
Quarrying
Bedrock
References
Fiesole

Fiesole is a town in Tuscany, near Florence. In 2003, 14.100 people lived there.
Towns in Tuscany
Bezinghem

Bezinghem is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
1930–31 NHL season

The 1930-31 NHL season was the fourteenth season of the National Hockey League. Ten teams played 44 games each. The Montreal Canadiens beat the Chicago Black Hawks three games to two in a best-of-five Stanley Cup final for their second Cup win in a row.
Art Ross bitterly complained about the Stanley Cup final setup. His team had been beaten in two games in a row by the Montreal Canadiens in 1929-30. As a result, the Board of Governors decided to make the final a best of five series.
Regular season
Final standings
GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties In Minutes
Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold
Scoring leaders
GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties In Minutes
Stanley Cup playoffs
On 26 March, during the second game of the best-of-five series between the Bruins and Canadiens, Art Ross of Boston pulled his goaltender for an extra player while down 1-0 with 40 seconds left in the final period. This marked the first time in NHL history that a goalie was pulled for an extra attacker.
In the finals, the Chicago Black Hawks took an early two games to one lead in the newly expanded best-of-five Stanley Cup finals but the Montreal Canadiens came back and won the series three games to two for their second consecutive Stanley Cup win.
Playoff bracket
Finals
Montreal Canadiens vs. Chicago Blackhawks
Montreal wins best-of-five series 3-2.
NHL awards
All-Star teams
First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1930-31 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
Art Chapman, Boston Bruins
Doc Romnes, Chicago Black Hawks
John Sorrell, Detroit Falcons
Johnny Gagnon, Montreal Canadiens
Paul Haynes, Montreal Maroons
Dave Kerr, Montreal Maroons
Alex Levinsky, Toronto Maple Leafs
Bob Gracie, Toronto Maple Leafs
Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1930-31 (listed with their last team):
Frank Fredrickson, Detroit Falcons
Bert McCaffrey, Montreal Canadiens
Joe Simpson, New York Americans
Babe Dye, Toronto Maple Leafs
References
Hockey Database
NHL.com
1931 in North America
1930
Little Charley Bear

Little Charley Bear is a 3D-CGI-animated television series created by Daniel Pickering. Narrated by James Corden, Little Charley Bear takes viewers on a journey into the world of let's pretend, where anything is possible. Little Charley Bear made its television debut in January 2011 on CBeebies. The show has been sold into more than 80 territories.
In 2012, a one off stage version was made, Little Charley Bear and His Christmas Adventure written and directed by Brian Herring.
In 2013, DreamWorks Animation bought the rights to Chapman Entertainment's library and children's shows.
In 2020 Little Charley Bear official YouTube channel was launched, with all 52 episodes available.
References
Other websites
Official website (archived)
British children's television series
2010s animated television series
CBeebies
Yellowstone County, Montana

Yellowstone County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, 147,972 people lived there, and a 2017 estimate put the population at 158,980. Its county seat is Billings.
References
1893 establishments in Montana
Montana counties
List of Blue's Clues episodes

This is a List of Blue's Clues episodes on Nickelodeon from September 8, 1996 to May 10, 2004.
Series overview
Episodes
Pilot (1995)
Season 1 (1996-1997)
Season 2 (1997-1999)
Season 3 (1999-2001)
Season 4 (2001-2002)
Season 5 (2002-2003)
Season 6 (2004-2006)
References
Lists of Nickelodeon television series episodes
Rodney E. Slater

Rodney Earl Slater (born February 23, 1955) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of Transportation under U.S. President Bill Clinton. He is a member of the Democratic Party
Slater was born in Marianna, Arkansas.
Slater graduated from Eastern Michigan University in 1977, and received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Arkansas School of Law in 1980.
After Clinton was elected president, 1993 Slater became the first African-American Director of the Federal Highway Administration.
In 1997, Slater was appointed to be the Secretary of Transportation. He was the second African American to hold that post.
References
1955 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Transportation
Politicians from Arkansas
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Roquestéron-Grasse

Roquesteron-Grasse is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Communes in Alpes-Maritimes
Campton, New Hampshire

Campton is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. At the 2010 census, 3,333 people lived there.
Other websites
Town of Campton official website
Campton Historical Society
Campton Police Department
Campton Public Library
Towns in New Hampshire
Hikikomori

Hikikomori is a Japanese word that describes people who withdraw from society and spend extreme amounts of time on their own. The withdrawal usually happens slowly. Tamaki Saito was the first person to use the word. In 1998 his book Shakaiteki hikikomori--Owaranai Shishunki was published. An English translation by Jeffrey Angles, Hikikomori: Adolescence without End, was published in 2013. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare defines hikikomori as people who refuse to leave their house for over six months. In 2010 there were 700,000 hikikomori. The average hikikomori was 31 years old. Tamaki Saito thinks that there may be over 1 million hikikomori (1% of the Japanese population).
People who withdrew from society during school refusal is often referred to as futoko (Bu Deng Xiao ).
English words with similar meanings include recluse and agoraphobic.
In popular culture
Welcome to the N.H.K., a 2002 novel by Tatsuhiko Takimoto, is about hikikomori.
The main character of the 2002 manga Rozen Maiden is a hikikomori.
The 2008 film Tokyo! has a part about a hikikomori.
On her 2011 album Conatus, American singer-songwriter Zola Jesus has a song called "Hikikomori".
The main character of the anime Anohana: The Flower We Saw That Day is a hikikomori.
In 2013 Hikikomori and the Rental Sister, a novel by Jeff Backhaus, was published. It is about an American hikikomori who has sex with a Japanese immigrant.
References
Japanese culture
Jonny Gomes

Jonny Gomes (born November 22, 1980) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays/Rays, Cincinnati Reds, Washington Nationals, Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Atlanta Braves, and Kansas City Royals.
References
Other websites
http://www.si.com/mlb/player/jonny-gomes Jonny Gomes Oakland Athletics 2014 SI.com
Oakland Athletics players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Boston Red Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Washington Nationals players
Living people
1980 births
Tampa Bay Devil Rays players
Atlanta Braves players
Kansas City Royals players
Japanese folklore

Japanese folklore is the folklore of Japan. It is very influenced by Shinto and Buddhism, the two most important religions in the country. It usually includes humorous or strange characters and situations. It also includes many supernatural creatures, such as kami (gods and revered spirits), yokai (monster-spirits) (like oni, kappa, and tengu), onryo (ghosts), dragons, and animals with supernatural powers like the kitsune (fox), tanuki (raccoon dog), mujina (badger), and bakeneko (transforming cat).
Japanese folklore is often divided into several categories: "mukashibanashi," tales of long-ago; "namidabanashi", sad stories; "obakebanashi", ghost stories; "ongaeshibanashi", stories of kindness; "tonchibanashi", witty stories; "waraibanashi", funny stories; and "yokubaribanashi", stories of greed.
Some famous Japanese folktales and legends include:
The story of Kintaro, the superhuman Golden Boy.
The story of Momotaro, the hero Peach Boy.
The story of Urashima Taro, who rescued a turtle and visited the bottom of the sea.
The story of Issun-Boshi, the One-inch Boy.
The story of the evil fox-woman Tamamo-no-Mae.
The story of Homyo doji who converts a king to Buddhist
Shita-kiri Suzume, the story of the sparrow with its tongue cut off.
The story of Kiyohime, who wanted revenge, and who became a dragon.
Bancho Sarayashiki, the ghost story of Okiku and the Nine Plates.
Yotsuya Kaidan, the ghost story of Oiwa.
Kachi-kachi Yama, the story of an evil raccoon-dog and a heroic rabbit.
Hanasaka Jiisan, the story of the old man that made the flowers bloom
Related pages
Japanese mythology
References
Japanese folklore
Protect and Survive

Protect and Survive was a British public information campaign on civil defence. The booklet was published in May 1980. It told people what they should do if there was a nuclear war. It was turned into a series of twenty short public information films for television. They were secret but they were leaked to CND and the BBC, who broadcast parts of them on Panorama. They were later described as "the calm, clipped vowels of a male announcer, advising how to build shelters, avoid fallout, and wrap up your dead loved ones in polythene, bury them, and tag their bodies."
People were told they should make a shelter inside their home by blocking off windows and fortifying the outside walls with furniture or bags of earth and sand; create an inner refuge, for example between two doors leaning together in an A-frame, surrounded by more furniture, books and bags of earth. E.P. Thompson published an anti-nuclear pamphlet called Protest and Survive.
References
1980 works
Nuclear weapons
1980s in the United Kingdom
Ramón Luperón

Ramon Luperon is a rower from Cuba. Luperon competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics, 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born on 24 May 1946.
References
Other websites
1946 births
Living people
Cuban rowers
Cuban Olympians
Magnetic pole

Magnetic poles are special places in the magnetic field of the earth. On a magnetic pole, the magnetic field points vertically down (towards the earth). As the magnetic field of the earth changes over time, so do the magnetic poles. Note that the magnetic north pole is not at the location of the geographic north pole.
Physical geography
Michael Silka

Michael Alan Silka (20 August 1958 in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, near Chicago - 19 May 1984 in Alaska) was an American spree killer. It is believed that he killed nine people near a town called Manley Hot Springs in Alaska in May 1984. Silka was killed in a shootout with police after his murders.
Victims
Fred Burk (also spelled Burke), 30
Albert Hagen, Jr., 27
Joyce Klein, about 30
Lyman Klein, 36
Marshall Klein, 2
Dale Madajski, 24
Larry Joe McVey, 38
Roger Culp, 34
Troy L. Duncan, 34
References
1958 births
1984 deaths
American burglars
American spree killers
Criminals from Chicago
Lucy (2014 movie)

Lucy is a 2014 French science fiction superhero action movie. It is about street gangs, drugs and changing of the title character to superhuman. It was written and directed by Luc Besson and is set in Taipei. Scarlett Johansson plays Lucy. Morgan Freeman plays Norman.
The movie was released in July 2014 in the United States.
Release Dates
Other websites
2014 action movies
2014 science fiction movies
English-language movies
French action movies
French science fiction movies
German action movies
German science fiction movies
Taiwanese movies
Canadian action movies
Canadian science fiction movies
British action movies
British science fiction movies
American action movies
American science fiction movies
Movies set in China
Movies about drugs
Movies set in Paris
Science fiction action movies
Taipei
Telekinesis in movies
Movies directed by Luc Besson
Movies set in Rome
Gottlob Frege

Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848 - 26 July 1925) was a German mathematician and philosopher. Today, he is remembered for the work he did in mathematical logic and the foundations of first order logic and mathematics. He is generally considered to be the father of analytic philosophy, for his writings on the philosophy of language and mathematics. When he published his works, they were mostly ignored by others of his time. Giuseppe Peano (1858-1932) and Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) introduced his work to later generations of logicians and philosophers.
Writings
An overview of Frege's writings including English translations, at the university of Berkeley.
1848 births
1925 deaths
German mathematicians
German philosophers
Blue Hill, Maine

Blue Hill is a town in eastern Maine, in the United States.
References
Towns in Maine
Olot

Olot is a municipality of 36,716 people (2022). It is in the province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain.
Cities in Catalonia
Municipalities in Catalonia
Sylhet

Sylhet is a major city in north-eastern Bangladesh. It is the main city of Sylhet Division and Sylhet District. It was given metropolitan city status in March 2009. Sylhet is on the banks of the Surma Valley. It is surrounded by the Jaintia, Khasi and Tripura hills. The city has almost 500,000 people. It is one of the largest cities in Bangladesh. The Sylhet region is well known for its tea gardens and tropical forests. Sylhet is one of the richest cities in Bangladesh.
The city is called a City of Saints. There is the mausoleum of the great saint Hazrat Shah Jalal, who brought Islam to Bengal during the 14th century.
References
Cities in Bangladesh
Dave Gettleman

David Alan Gettleman (born February 21, 1951) is the General Manager of the Carolina Panthers. As General Manager he is most famous for releasing wide receiver Steve Smith. Before he became the Carolina Panthers General Manager, he was a scout and intern with several other teams in the National Football League.
References
1951 births
Living people
American football coaches
Hollywood, South Carolina

Hollywood is a town in Charleston County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 4,714 at the 2010 census.
References
Other websites
Town of Hollywood official website
Towns in South Carolina
Joseph Berchtold

Joseph Berchtold (March 6, 1897 in Ingolstadt - August 23, 1962 in Herrsching am Ammersee), a former salesman who sold office products, became Reichsfuhrer SS after Julius Schreck in 1926.
Berchtold was in the World War I and had the rank of second lieutenant at the end of the war. In 1920 he joined the NSDAP and in 1922 also the SA. He was thought to be better than Julius Schreck, but was still not able to keep the people who started the party under control. After a lot of arguing he resigned in 1927 and was replaced by his deputy, Erhard Heiden.
During Nazi Germany he was a councillor of Munich from 1934 to 1945, and a member of the Reichstag from 1936 to 1945.
1897 births
1962 deaths
German military personnel of World War I
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Nazi leaders
People from Bavaria
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Sturmabteilung people
SS officers
Monica Evans

Monica Evans (born 7 June 1940) is an English actress known for her portrayal of Cecily Pigeon in Neil Simon's The Odd Couple.
Career
She was in the original Broadway cast for its entire run, then appeared in the film version in 1968, and finally appeared in some episodes of the first season of the television series based on the play, all in the same role, alongside Carole Shelley as her sister Gwendolyn Pigeon. She also provided voices for the Disney animated films The Aristocats, as Abigail Gabble (the Goose) (alongside Shelley as Amelia Gabble) and Robin Hood (1973) as Maid Marian (again alongside Shelley as her handmaiden, Lady Kluck).
Life
She lived in the United States for several years. After her return to the UK she married BBC Radio 1 DJ Dave Cash. Her brother-in-law is Charles Hayward, the drummer of This Heat.
In 2018, she was at the 2018 TCM Classic Film Festival, reuniting with her old friend, Carole Shelley.
References
Other websites
1940 births
English voice actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Grey partridge

The grey partridge (Perdix perdix) is a 30 cm tall bird. It is brown-backed and has grey flanks and chest. The belly is white, usually marked with a large chestnut-brown horse-shoe mark. This mark should not only be the detail to divide into male or female partridge. When disturbed or if it feels danger, it flies a short distance. The song is a harsh kieerr-ik or keev-it and often calling rick rick rick or it-it-it.
Partridges live in open country including farmland, moorland, downs, steppes, semi-desserts and sand dunes. They prefer a warm and dry climate. They eat grains, seeds and small insects.
The scientific name is the Latin for "partridge", and is itself derived from Ancient Greek perdix.
References
Other websites
Phasianidae
Birds of Europe
Birds of North America
Vintrosa

Vintrosa is a locality in Orebro Municipality in Orebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,343 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Orebro County
Harborne

Harborne is an area of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. It is west of the centre of Birmingham.
Settlements in the West Midlands (county)
Satish Prasad Singh

Satish Prasad Singh (1 January 1936 - 2 November 2020) was an Indian politician. He was the Chief Minister of Bihar for just five days in 1968. He was supported by the Indian National Congress. He was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1980. He retired in 1984. Singh was born in Korchakka Village, Khagaria, Bihar.
Singh died of COVID-19 at a New Delhi hospital on 2 November 2020, aged 84.
References
1936 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Bihari politicians
Sears

Sears, Roebuck and Company, usually called Sears, is a department store chain with about 600 stores in the United States. The first store opened in 1906. It was the biggest retailer in the country until Walmart had more sales in October 1989.
Sears had to close all 140 of its stores in Canada in 2017. Its 75 stores in Mexico have been operated by Grupo Carso since 1997.
Sears filed for bankruptcy on October 15, 2018.
References
Department stores
Companies based in Illinois
1892 establishments in the United States
Bugsy Siegel

Benjamin Siegel (February 28, 1906 - June 20, 1947) was an American mobster with the Luciano crime family. He was Jewish.
Siegel was a sociopath who had a criminal record for rape, robbery and murder. Siegel was one of the founders and leaders of Murder, Inc. and became a bootlegger during Prohibition. After Prohibition was repealed in 1933, he turned to gambling. He was one of the key people in the rise of Las Vegas in the 1940s.
Warren Beatty starred as Siegel in the 1991 movie of his life, Bugsy. Siegel was the model for the character Moe Greene in The Godfather (Godfather part I).
References
1906 births
1947 deaths
American gangsters
American murderers
American murder victims
American rapists
American robbers
Criminals from New York City
Jewish American criminals
Murdered criminals
Murders by firearm in California
People murdered in California
People with antisocial personality disorder
Unsolved murders in the United States
Luisa Buada

Luisa Buada is a healthcare activist from East Palo Alto, CA, and is the CEO of the Ravenswood Family Health Center.
Career
Buada has worked most of her life in health care. She helped start several clinics, specifically ones in Berkeley, CA; Watsonville, CA; and in the Salinas Valley in California. This includes "Clinicas de Salud", Berkeley Primary Access Clinic, and LifeLong Medical Care. She wants to make sure all patients can get help from a doctor. She helped improve the health care services at Ravenswood Family Health Center in East Palo Alto. She made it more affordable. At Ravenswood, over 14,000 people signed up for their services.
Luisa is also a farmer's rights advocate. She joined the farmworker's movement in California's Central Valley, and helped organize clothing and food drives.
Education
In 1977, Luisa finished college. She studied Nursing at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Nursing. In 1990, she received her Master's degree in Public Health and Administration from the University of California, Berkeley.
Awards
She was a finalist for the 2016 Visionary of the Year Award. She also received the Woman of the Year Award from Senator Jerry Hill, and the John W. Gardner Exemplary.
References
1968 births
Living people
People from California
American activists
Zvi Arad

Zvi Arad (16 April 1942 - 4 February 2018) was an Israeli mathematician. He was born in Tel Aviv. He served as President of Netanya Academic College from 1994 until his death in 2018. In 2000 his book was published in the series American Mathematical Society Memoirs and in January 2002 another book on table algebras was published in the international publication.
Arad died in Petah Tikva, Israel on 4 February 2018 at the age of 75.
References
Other websites
Profile Netanya Academic College
Zvi Arad Dun's 100
2018 deaths
1942 births
Israeli academics
Israeli mathematicians
People from Tel Aviv
Noyal

Noyal is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Cotes-d'Armor department in the west of France.
Communes in Cotes-d'Armor
Scarlet tanager

The scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea) is a bird that lives in the Americas. It likes to make its nests in oak trees that are as high as from 8 to 75 feet (2.6 to 22.5 m) tall. The nests are shaped like cups, like most tree-nesting birds. This stops eggs from rolling out.
References
Passeri
Birds of North America
Birds of Central America
Birds of South America
Losse, Saxony-Anhalt

Losse is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmarkische Hohe.
Former municipalities in Saxony-Anhalt
Kazan State University

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University (, Kazanskiy (Privolzhskiy) federalnyy universitet; ) is a university in Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia. It was founded in 1804. The famous Russian mathematician Lobachevsky was its headmaster from 1827 till 1846. The post is now being held by Myakzyum Salakhov (Magzum Salaxev).
Kazan University is also known as "the birthplace of organic chemistry" because of the works of Aleksandr Butlerov, Vladimir Markovnikov, Aleksandr Arbuzov, and others.
Notable graduates
Aleksandr Arbuzov
Mily Balakirev
Aleksandr Butlerov
Vladimir Lenin (expelled)
Nikolay Lobachevski
Vladimir Markovnikov
Leo Tolstoy
Nikolay Beketov
Afanasy Shchapov
Vladimir Galkin
Michael Minsky (Spirin)
Other websites
List of Kazan State University's rectors
Kazan State University Official Site
Colleges and universities in Russia
Tatarstan
Henri Cartier-Bresson

Henri Cartier-Bresson (22 August 1908 - 3 August 2004) was a French photographer. One of the leading contemporary photographers, he had a great role in the recognition of photography as an art form. He was an specialist in what would be called humanist photography, also being an exponent of candid photography and street photography. His way of working meant to capture what he called "the decisive moment".
Cartier-Bresson traveled all around the world and documented historical events, like the proclamation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. He also published several photography books. In 1947, he was one of the founders of Magnum Photos.
References
1908 births
2004 deaths
French photographers
U.S. Route 19

U.S. Route 19 (US 19) is a north-south United States highway in the United States. The highway's southern end is in Memphis, Florida at US 41. Its northern end is in Erie, Pennsylvania at US 20. The highway is long.
References
U.S. Highways
Jennings, Oklahoma

Jennings is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.
Cities in Oklahoma
Bildungsroman

A Bildungsroman is a kind of novel. It is often called a "coming-of-age" story in English. The word comes from German. "Bildung" means "education", and "Roman", means "novel." This genre is about the psychological and moral growth of the main character from youth to adulthood. The ways the character changes are important.
References
Fiction genres
Irina Berezhna

Irina Berezhna, Russian: Irina Berezhnaya (13 August 1980 - 5 August 2017) was a Ukrainian politician. She was born in Luhansk, Ukraine. She member of Party of Regions (since October 2007), a former People's Deputy of Ukraine, member of the fraction of the Party of Regions.
Berezhna died in a car accident on the Adriatic coast on 5 August 2017 at the age of 36.
References
1980 births
2017 deaths
Road accident deaths
Members of the Verkhovna Rada
Pepe le Pew

Pepe Le Pew is an animated skunk created by Chuck Jones in 1945. His original name was "Stinky". Pepe le Pew cartoon, For Scent-imental Reasons (1949) was the only Chuck Jones-directed Looney Tunes cartoon that won the Academy Award for Best Animated short. He speaks with a French accent.
Animated characters
Anthromophic characters
Fictional animals
Fictional characters introduced in the 1940s
Looney Tunes characters
Space Jam characters
Tune Squad players
Multiple-camera setup

The multiple-camera setup, multiple-camera mode of production, multi-camera or simply multicam is a method of filmmaking and video production. Several cameras-either movie or professional video cameras-are employed on the test simultaneously record or broadcast a scene. It is often contrasted with single-camera setup, which uses one camera.
Movies
Milt Pappas

Milton Steven "Milt" Pappas (May 11, 1939 - April 19, 2016) was an American professional baseball pitcher. Pappas, nicknamed "Gimpy", pitched for the Baltimore Orioles (1957-1965), Cincinnati Reds (1966-1968), Atlanta Braves (1968-1970) and Chicago Cubs (1970-1973). Pappas was born to Greek parents in Detroit, Michigan, and his birth name was Miltiades Stergios Papastergios.
Pappas pitched in 520 games, starting 465, with 209 wins, 164 losses, 43 shutouts, 1,728 strikeouts and a 3.40 ERA in 3,186 innings pitched.
Pappas died of natural causes on April 19, 2016 in Beecher, Illinois, aged 76.
References
1939 births
2016 deaths
Baltimore Orioles players
Cincinnati Reds players
Atlanta Braves players
Chicago Cubs players
Sportspeople from Detroit
Büchner flask

A Buchner flask (also called a vacuum flask, a filter flask, a side-arm flask or a kitasato flask) is a flask made of glass.
Structure
A Buchner flask has thick walls so that a pressure change will not break it. It has a hole in the top where a Buchner funnel can be put and a small tube in the side where a vacuum can be attached. The small tube has barbs on it so that the vacuum will not weaken.
Uses
A Buchner flask can be used with a Buchner funnel for separating solids and liquids. Water is poured into the Buchner funnel and the liquid passes through filter paper and is sucked up by a vacuum attached to the side of the Buchner flask, while the solid stays behind in the Buchner funnel.
The Buchner flask can also be used as a vacuum trap in a vacuum line to ensure that no fluids are carried over from the aspirator or vacuum pump (or other vacuum source) to the evacuated apparatus, or vice versa.
History
It is commonly thought to be named after the Nobel Laureate, Eduard Buchner, but it is actually named after the industrial chemist Ernst Buchner.
Related pages
Buchner funnel
Other websites
A Buchner funnel manufacturer
Experiment using Buchner funnels
More examples of Buchner funnels
Laboratory equipment
Solon, Maine

Solon is a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Talca Province

Talca Province () is one of four provinces of the central Chilean region of Maule (VII). Its capital and the largest city is Talca.
Geography
The Talca province has an area of , the second largest province, after the Linares province, in the Maule region. The provincial capital, Talca, is about south of Santiago.
The province is bordered to the north by the Curico province, to the east by Argentina, to the south by the Linares and the Cauquenes provinces and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.
Population
(last national census), there were 352,966 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km2. The urban population was 266,742 persons ( of the total).
The largest city of the province is Talca, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 189,505.
Administration
As a province, Talca is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 10 communes (comunas). The city of Talca serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
Gallery
Related pages
Provinces of Chile
References
Other websites
Territorial division of Chile
Gobierno Regional del Maule Official website
Province of Talca website
Provinces of Chile
Suzzara Prize

The Suzzara prize is an artistic competition that was held in the city of Suzzara in Mantova province from 1948 to 1976 and again starting since 1989.
History
It was commissioned by the mayor of Suzzara, Tebe Mignoni. It was born thanks to Dino Villani, with the contribution of Cesare Zavattini and the support of Stefano Cairola; it was inaugurated on 22 August 1948. Villani and Zavattini thought of the competition as a symbolic exchange between cultural work and peasant work: the winning artists received products of the earth and in exchange they gave their works to the municipal collection. The intent of the promoters of the award was to encourage the encounter between the people and the artists, the latter often perceived as unattainable and unrelated to the daily feeling of ordinary people. Consequently, the jury, alongside authoritative figures (such as Orio Vergani, Alfonso Gatto, Raffaele Carrieri and Raffaele De Grada junior ), provided for the presence of a worker, an employee and a farmer.
The prize was attended by artists such as Carlo Carra, Mario Bardi (winner in 1963), Emilio Vedova, Enrico Baj, Renato Guttuso, Domenico Cantatore, Renato Birolli, Pio Semeghini, Arturo Tosi, Ottone Rosai, Bruno Rovesti, Aligi Sassu , Ernesto Treccani, Silvano Girardello, Angelo Ferreri. When the season of neorealism was over, the prize was interrupted. Only in the year 1989 the Suzzara prize was re-proposed with its XXIX edition.
Over time, the municipality of Suzzara acquired a considerable artistic heritage, in particular of realist art and neorealist: in 1974 to exhibit the collection the municipality he created the "Civic Gallery of Contemporary Art", later renamed Galleria del Premio Suzzara.
Related pages
Carlo Carra
Mario Bardi
Emilio Vedova
Enrico Baj
Renato Guttuso
References
Other websites
Premio Suzzara
50.premiosuzzara.it Official Il 50o Premio Suzzara
20th-century paintings
Awards
Italian culture
1948 establishments in Europe
Danny Hodge

Daniel Allen Hodge (May 13, 1932 - December 25, 2020) was an American wrestler and boxer. He was born and raised in Perry, Oklahoma. He was known for being able to crush apples with one hand. He won a silver medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
Hodge died of Alzheimer's disease-related problems in Perry on December 25, 2020 at the age of 88.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American Olympic silver medalists
American wrestlers
American boxers
Sportspeople from Oklahoma
Osman Cavcı

Osman Cavci (born December 27, 1962) is a Turkish actor, director and screenwriter, who is known for his leading role in cult film Zampara Seyfettin (1995).
Osman Cavci was born in Istanbul. His father is theater actor Ismail Cavci. In 1972, Osman Cavci started his acting career as a child actor at a theatre group in Izmir. After that he met with movie director Ertem Egilmez and player his first movie role in Hababam Sinifi Gule Gule (1981).
Other websites
Osman Cavci at SinemaTurk
1962 births
Living people
Actors from Istanbul
Turkish movie actors
Turkish movie directors
Turkish screenwriters
Farid Suleman

Farid Suleman has been the chairman (the person who leads the group of people that controls the company) and CEO of Citadel Broadcasting since 2002. Before working at Citadel, he spent 16 years as CEO of Infinity Radio, owned by Viacom.
In late 2004, Suleman was in the news for cutting Howard Stern's radio show from four Citadel stations because of Stern's frequent discussions about Stern's move to Sirius Satellite Radio.
In 2007, he was put forward to get the Group Executive of the Year award by Radio & Records magazine. Other people who were close to getting the award included John Hogan of Clear Channel, Peter Smyth of Greater Media, David Field of Entercom, Lew Dickey of Cumulus, and Don Benson of Lincoln Financial.
References
Living people
1950s births
Raorchestes chalazodes

The Chalazodes bubble-nest frog, Gunther's bush frog, or white-spotted bush frog (Raorchestes chalazodes) is a frog. Scientists have seen it in one place: Travancore in India.
The adult male frog is about 23.7 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 26 mm long. The adult frog is green in color with white bumps. The belly is yellow-white with white bumps. Parts of the legs are yellow and green. The iris of the eye is yellow in color with black marks.
Adult male frogs try to get the best bamboo plants to sit on. Then they sing for the adult female frogs. The bamboo plant is a tube with space inside. The female frog goes inside the bamboo plant to lay eggs. She lays 5-8 eggs at a time. Then she goes to another bamboo plant with a different adult male frog and lays more eggs.
The adult male frog is near the eggs until they hatch. He stops animals from eating the eggs. He stops other adult male R. chalazodes from eating the eggs. The female frog does not stay near the eggs.
These frogs hatch out of their eggs as small frogs. They are never tadpoles.
There are fewer of this frog than there were in the past. This frog is in danger of dying. But human beings change the places where the frog lives by cutting down trees. Humans take the wood from the trees to build things with. They cut the forests to make farms and places for animals to eat grass.
References
Frogs of Asia
K Ingleside

The K Ingleside is a light rail line of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. It mostly serves the West Portal and Ingleside neighborhoods. Opened on February 3, 1918, it was the first line to use the Twin Peaks Tunnel.
Route description
The K Ingleside line stops at concrete boarding islands in the middle of the street next to the tracks. Some stops have raised platforms for accessibility. Stations between West Portal and Embarcadero are only served by the outbound K. But, not the inbound K, as it switches to T at West Portal.
Operation
The K Ingleside begins service at 5 a.m. on weekdays, 6 a.m. Saturdays and 8 a.m. Sundays, with the end of service around 12:30 a.m. each night. Trains on the weekdays are scheduled to come every 10 minutes. Trains on the weekends are scheduled to come every 12 minutes.
History
Municipal Railway
The San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) opened its K line along with the Twin Peaks Tunnel on February 3, 1918. The line ran from St. Francis Circle station along West Portal Avenue, through the tunnel, along Market Street to Van Ness Avenue (joining the J Church at Church Street). And along existing tracks on Van Ness Avenue to Pine Street. On June 1, 1918, the J and K lines were removed from Van Ness Avenue and went further along Market Street to a loop at the Ferry Building.
Changes in 1980s
More changes to the service route followed until finally on December 17, 1980. It was when the K line was light rail operated, with service from Embarcadero Station to Balboa Park, on weekdays only. Weekend service continued to use PCC cars until September 1982. This was when the Muni Metro became fully operational.
Changes in 2000s
From February 2001 to June 7, 2003, K Ingleside service was cut back to St. Francis Circle. It was also replaced by buses on Ocean Avenue for street repaving, and route reconstruction along Ocean Avenue.
Following service changes on June 30, 2007, the K Ingleside and the T Third Street lines were combined inside the Market Street subway tunnel. Though keeping their line designations, resulting in an upside-down, horseshoe-shaped route from Balboa Park to Bayshore and Sunnydale. At West Portal Station, inbound K trains heading towards downtown change their signs to the T line; at Embarcadero Station, T trains heading into downtown change signs to the K line.
References
Other websites
SFMTA - K Ingleside
Muni Metro lines
1918 establishments in the United States
Putnam County, New York

Putnam County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, 97,668 people lived there. The county seat is Carmel.
References
New York (state) counties
Stefania (song)

"Stefania" (, ) is a 2022 song by Ukrainian folk-rap group Kalush Orchestra.
The song represented Ukraine at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022. It is the third song sung entirely in Ukrainian to represent the country at Eurovision, but the second to actually compete at the contest.
It won the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 with 631 points, making it the first rap song to win the contest.
References
2022 songs
Folk songs
Rap songs
Bovernier

Bovernier is a municipality of the district Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website of Bovernier
Municipalities of Valais
In the Bleachers

In the Bleachers is a comic that comments on, and lampoons, sports. It was created in 1985 by cartoonist Steve Moore. It is syndicated internationally by Universal Press Syndicate.
Other websites
Official web site
http://mag.awn.com/index.php?article_no=3023
Comic strips
Ngwane V

Ngwane V (also known as Mahlokohla, Bhunu, Hhili; 11 May 1876 - 10 December 1899) was the King of Swaziland from 1895 until his death on 10 December 1899. His parents were Mbandzeni and Labotsibeni Mdluli. He ascended to the throne after a short regency of Queen Mother Tibati Nkambule. He was only 16 years old when he became king. His royal capital was at Zombodze while the Queen Mother's residence was at Lobamba.
Ngwane became the king after the Swaziland convention of 1894. This had led to the classification of Swaziland as a protected state of the South African Republic which was then led by President Paul Kruger. During this time Swaziland had a partial Dutch administration in parallel to Ngwane's administration. The Dutch or European for European interests and Ngwane as head and authority of the Swazi nation. An annual payment was made to Ngwane and Labotsibeni while they were in office from taxes collected and from contributions from concessionaires and taxes.
Ngwane's rule was short. In 1899 the Anglo-Boer war began. It brought to an end the Dutch or Boer partial administration of Swaziland and hence gave way to independence. However Mahlokohla died on 10 December of that year while dancing incwala. This was hidden from the nation until the ceremony was over.
Ngwane was succeeded by his four-month-old son Nkhotfotjeni and his wife Lomawa Ndwandwe. His mother Labotsibeni who had been very influential during his reign continued as queen regent until Sobhuza was crowned in 1921. Ngwane's reign gave way to a stable territory surrounded by conflicting states. Today Mahlokohla is named for one of the main streets, Mahlokohla Street in Swaziland's capital Mbabane.
1876 births
1899 deaths
Kings of Swaziland
Eleanor Clifford, Countess of Cumberland

Lady Eleanor Brandon (1519-27 September 1547) was the daughter of Mary Tudor, Queen of France and Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. Her maternal grandparents were King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York. She was the sister of Lady Frances Brandon therefore she was the aunt of Lady Jane Grey.
Biography
Eleanor was married to Henry Clifford in 1537. She then became the Countess of Cumberland.
Henry and Eleanor had three children:
Lady Margaret Clifford (1540-1596)
Henry Clifford. Died as an infant.
Charles Clifford. Died as an infant.
1519 births
1547 deaths
English nobility
Theodor Eicke

Theodor Eicke (Born : October 17, 1892 in Hampont,Alsace-Lorraine,Germany (Today part of France)-Died : February 26, 1943 near Lozova,Ukraine,Soviet Union) was an SS-Obergruppenfuhrer of the SS and General of the Waffen-SS . He worked for the Bavarian Army from 1909-1919 before and after World War I in the German Empire which was led by Kaiser Wilhelm II (Emperor/Kaiser ; 1888-1918) . He joined the Schutzstaffel aka the SS in 1930 during the Weimar Era Germany and was later commandant of Dachau from June 1933-July 1934 and together with his adjutant Michael Lippert (1897-1969) however in December 1934 Eicke met Rudolf Hoss . He also was one of the executioners of SA chief Ernst Rohm during the Night of the Long Knives purge taking orders from Reichsfuhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler and the most evil Nazi Officer . SS-Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich in Nazi Germany . In 1939 Eicke became commander of the SS Division Totenkopf of the Waffen-SS lead the division during World War 2 in the Battle of France in 1940 on the Western Front,Invasion Of Yugoslavia (1941) and Operation Barbarossa in 1941 and the Third Battle Of Kharkov in 1943 on the Eastern Front . He died in a plane crash when his plane was shot down during the Third Battle Of Kharkov of 1943 24 days after Battle Of Stalingrad in the RSFSR,Soviet Union and just a year after Nazi Offical Fritz Todt died in a Plane Crash in February 1942 .
He was the commander of the concentration camp of Dachau. During the World War II was he the leader of the Totenkopf Division.
Eike was on behalf of the Nazi Party a member of the Reichstag. He was also a member of the SA.
1892 births
1943 deaths
German war criminals
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
People from former German territories
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Sturmabteilung people
SS officers
Waffen-SS generals
Beryslav urban hromada

Beryslav urban hromada is a hromada in Kherson oblast's Beryslav raion (or district) in Ukraine.
Its capital is Beryslav city.
Other websites: Map on Wikimedia Commons
Hromadas of Ukraine
Kherson Oblast
The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms

The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms is a 1953 science fiction monster movie. It was released on June 13, 1953, by Premier Productions. It was produced by Warner Bros. It made over $5 million, including $2.25 million in the United States in its first year.
The movie was the first movie to show a monster being woken up or created by an explosion from an atomic bomb. Its success helped cause the creation of more monster movies in the 1950s such as Godzilla.
Plot
An atomic bomb test in the Arctic Circle wakes up a sleeping dinosaur, the fictional Rhedosaurus. After being woken up, it destroys New York City before being killed at Coney Island.
Cast
Paul Christian as Professor Tom Nesbitt
Paula Raymond as Lee Hunter
Cecil Kellaway as Dr. Thurgood Elson
Kenneth Tobey as Colonel Jack Evans
Donald Woods as Captain Phil Jackson
Ross Elliott as George Ritchie
Steve Brodie as Sgt. Loomis
Jack Pennick as Jacob Bowman
Michael Fox as ER doctor
Lee Van Cleef as Corporal Jason Stone
Frank Ferguson as Dr. Morton
King Donovan as Dr. Ingersoll
James Best as Charlie, radar operator
References
Other websites
Monster movies
1953 science fiction movies
1950s English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
Herbert Backe

Herbert Backe (1 May 1896 - 6 April 1947) was a German politician and war criminal.
He was born in Batumi, Georgia. He worked in the Third Reich government and was made Minister of Food in May 1942 and Minister of Agriculture in April 1944. He had that job in the short-lived Cabinet of Admiral Karl Donitz in the last days of World War II, from late April to May 1945, as the political request of Adolf Hitler. During the war, Alfred Rosenberg said that Backe should become the leader of the Ukraine Reichskommissariat (Nazi government in the Ukraine).
He was one of the people who planned and made happen the Hunger Plan - a plan to starve to death tens of millions of Slavic people in order to make sure there was enough food available for the German people and military.
He was taken prisoner by the Allies after the war, he was to be tried in the Ministries Trial, but he killed himself by hanging in his cell at Nuremberg on 6 April 1947.
Notes
Other websites
Photo & Brief Bio
1896 births
1947 deaths
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Nazis who committed suicide
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Politicians who committed suicide
SS officers
Suicides in Germany
Suicides by hanging
People who committed suicide in prison custody
Sambrial Tehsil

Sambrial is a town and tehsil of Sialkot District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is on the bank of Upper Chenab Canal at 32deg28'0N 74deg20'60E and lies to the west of the district capital Sialkot. It is home to Sialkot International Airport and Sialkot Dry Port.
Sambrial became the fourth tehsil of Sialkot, containing 160 villages with 17 Union Councils of Pakistan and two police stations - Sambrial and Begowala.
Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)