pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Fermat's primality test

Fermat's primality test is an algorithm. It can test if a given number p is probably prime. There is a flaw however: There are numbers that pass the test, and that are not prime. These numbers are called Carmichael numbers.
Concept
Fermat's little theorem states that if p is prime and , then
.
If we want to test if n is prime, then we can pick random a'''s in the interval and see if the equation above holds. If the equality does not hold for a value of a, then n is composite (not prime). If the equality does hold for many values of a, then we can say that n is probably prime, or a pseudoprime.
It may be in our tests that we do not pick any value for a such that the equality fails. Any a such that
when n is composite is known as a Fermat liar. If we do pick an a such that
then a is known as a Fermat witness for the compositeness of n.'' is the modulo operation. Its result is what remains, if p is divided by n. As an example,
.
What this test is used for
The RSA algorithm for public-key encryption can be done in such a way that it uses this test. This is useful in cryptography.
Computer science
Prime numbers
Dam

A dam is a large wall or barrier that blocks or stops the flow of water, forming a reservoir or a lake. Most dams have a section called a spillway or weir over which, or through which, water flows, either sometimes or always.
Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water. The tallest dam in the world is the 300 meter high Nurek Dam in Tajikistan.
History
Some of the first dams were built in Mesopotamia up to 7,000 years ago. Modern dams are built with arched walls of steel rod-reinforced concrete. The arched wall is a very strong shape which helps the wall to withstand the huge weight of the water.
Reasons for building dams
There are a number of reasons that people build dams. Some countries build dams to control the flow of water in the downstream river systems, and prevent flooding. Other countries build dams to generate electricity using hydroelectric turbine generators. Other countries use dams to store water for use in irrigation (for farming) or drinking by people.
Notes
Civil engineering
Flood control
Naoemon Shimizu

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Shimizu was born in Hiroshima Prefecture. He played for his local club Rijo Shukyu-Dan. He won 1924 and 1925 Emperor's Cup with international players Shizuo Miyama and Sachi Kagawa.
In May 1923, Shimizu was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Osaka. At this competition, on May 23, he debuted against Philippines. This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match". Next day, he played and scored a goal against Republic of China. But Japan lost in both matches (1-2, v Philippines and 1-5, v Republic of China). He played 2 games and scored 1 goal for Japan in 1923.
After retirement, Shimizu kept a kimono shop in Hiroshima. However, on August 6, 1945, he (aged 44) died with his wife (aged 38) (Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki).
Statistics
|-
|1923||2||1
|-
!Total||2||1
|}
References
Other websites
Year of birth missing
1945 deaths
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Marie Taglioni

Marie Taglioni (18041884) was a ballerina. She was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 23 April 1804. Her father was the choreographer Filippo Taglioni. He created the seminal romantic ballet La Sylphide to showcase her talents.
She was the first ballerina to dance en pointe for the sake of artistry rather than spectacle. She created a scandal when she shortened her ballet skirts to display her footwork.
She danced mostly in London at Her Majesty's Theatre and in Paris at the Opera. In 1827, she began a three-year stint with the Imperial Ballet in St Petersburg. She danced in Pas de Quatre with Carlotta Grisi, Lucille Grahn, and Fanny Cerrito in July 1845. She retired in 1847 and lived in Venice, Italy.
She was the guiding spirit behind the reorganization of the Paris Opera Ballet. In later life, she taught social dances to children and society ladies. She also took a limited number of ballet pupils. Johann Strauss II composed the Marie Taglioni Polka, Op. 173 in her honour. She died in Marseilles on 24 April 1884.
Ballet dancers
Ballerinas
1804 births
1884 deaths
Swedish entertainers
Burials at Pere Lachaise Cemetery
Disease-related deaths in France
Henry-Louis de La Grange

Henry-Louis de La Grange (26 May 1924 - 27 January 2017) was a French musicologist. He was known for being known as a biographer of Gustav Mahler. He was born in Paris. La Grange began working as a music critic in 1952, writing articles for the New York Herald Tribune and The New York Times, and the magazines Opera News, Saturday Review, Musical America, and Opus.
La Grange died in Paris on 27 January 2017 from complications of pneumonia, aged 92.
References
Other websites
Mediatheque Musicale Mahler website
"Downloadable Interview with Henry-Luis de La Grange - Mahler Revealed" (8 May 2008) at ClassicalSource.com.
Introduction to Mahler Symphonies Notes (Henry-Louis de La Grange) at Scribd.com .This is no longer available!
The Lebrecht Report: A new view of Mahler (5 March 2008), a review of Gustav Mahler, vol. 4, by Norman Lebrecht at La Scena Musicale website.
1924 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Musicologists
French music critics
Writers from Paris
A Special Day

A Special Day () is a 1977 Italian Canadian drama movie directed by Ettore Scola and starring Sophia Loren, John Vernon, Marcello Mastroianni, Vittorio Guerrieri, Alessandra Mussolini. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1978.
Other websites
1977 drama movies
1970s LGBT movies
Italian drama movies
Canadian drama movies
Movies directed by Ettore Scola
Marija Gimbutas

Marija Gimbutas (Lithuanian: Marija Gimbutiene, born Marija Birute Alseikaite) (Vilnius, Lithuania, January 23, 1921 - Los Angeles, United States February 2, 1994), was a Lithuanian-American archeologist, known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old Europe" and the theories that she introduced. Between 1946 and 1971, her writings merged traditional spadework with linguistics and mythologies.
1921 births
1994 deaths
Archaeologists
Lithuanian people
People from Vilnius
Terry Bradshaw

Terry Bradshaw is a former American athlete. He is also a sports presenter. He was born September 2, 1948 in Shreveport, Louisiana. Bradshaw is a former quarterback with the Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League, and a television and American football host. Over six years, he won four Super Bowl titles with Pittsburgh (1975, 1976, 1979 and 1980). He went into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1989.
1948 births
Living people
Pittsburgh Steelers players
American football quarterbacks
Sportspeople from Louisiana
People from Shreveport, Louisiana
He is related to Cory J.Bylsma
San Severo

San Severo is an Italian city in Apulia. It is in the Province of Foggia. 51,919 people live there.
Twin towns
San Severo is twinned with:
Bourg-en-Bresse, France
Pamplona, Spain
References
Cities in Apulia
Eiffel 65

Eiffel 65 is an Italian Italodance/Eurodance music group. The group has three members in it. The members of the group are Jeffrey Jey, Gabry Ponte and Maurizio Lobina. They made an album called Europop. They are most famous for their songs "Blue (Da Ba Dee)" and "Move Your Body".
Discography
Albums
Europop (1999)
Contact! (2001)
Eiffel 65 (2003)
Other websites
Official website
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Italian musical groups
Musical groups established in 1998
Pop music groups
Turin
1998 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Italy
Musical groups disestablished in 2005
2005 disestablishments in Italy
2010 establishments in Europe
Musical groups established in 2010
2010s establishments in Italy
Satellite flare

A Satellite flare (also called a Iridium flares or satellite glint) is a phenomenon caused by man-made satellite where the sunlight is reflected back to Earth. This results in a quick and bright "flare." Some flares can be up to 20 times brighter than Venus.
Iridium satellites are satellites that are used for telephones and other purposes such as navigation. Most of them are in a controlled orbit, so the flares from these satellites can be predicted. Computer programs can be fed the satellite's information and can predict a flare to an observer's location. The iridium satellite is known for having a weird shape. It has three door-sized antennas that occasionally reflects sunlight back to Earth. These can be very bright. So much so, that it can even be seen during the day. This annoys astronomers because it disrupts their observations.
References
Satellites
Light
Space telescopes
Loammi Baldwin

Colonel Loammi Baldwin (January 10, 1744-October 20, 1807) was a noted American engineer, politician, and a soldier in the American Revolutionary War.
Baldwin is known as the Father of American Civil Engineering. His five sons, Cyrus Baldwin (1773-1854), Benjamin Franklin Baldwin (1777-1821), Loammi Baldwin, Jr. (1780-1834), James Fowle Baldwin (1782-1862), and George Rumford Baldwin (1798-1888) were also well-known engineers. He surveyed and built the Middlesex Canal, but today he is perhaps best remembered for the Baldwin apple which he discovered when surveying the Middlesex Canal, and then developed at his farm
Military Career in the American Revolution
In 1774 Baldwin enlisted in a regiment, and commanded the Woburn militia at the Battle of Lexington and Concord as a major. At the beginning of the war he enlisted in the 26th Continental Regiment commanded by Colonel Samuel Gerrish. Here he rapidly advanced to be lieutenant-colonel, and on Colonel Gerrish's retirement in August 1775, he was placed in command of the regiment, and was soon commissioned colonel.
Until the end of 1775, Baldwin and his men stayed near Boston, but in April 1776, he was ordered with his command to New York City. On the night of December 25, 1776, in the face of a violent and extremely cold storm of snow and hail, General Washington and his army crossed the Delaware to the New Jersey side, and fought the Battle of Trenton. Baldwin and his regiment participated in both the crossing and the fight. In 1777, Baldwin resigned from the army because of ill health.
Political career
Baldwin was elected to various public offices between 1780 and 1796. He was appointed high sheriff of Middlesex County in 1780, and was the first to hold office after the adoption of the state constitution. From 1778-1784, he represented Woburn in the Massachusetts General Court (the state legislature). In 1794, he was a candidate for election to the United States House of Representatives, and obtained all the votes cast in Woburn but one.
Engineering career
Baldwin began work with his older sons on the Middlesex Canal in 1794 and after nine years, the canal began service in 1803. He later worked on Boston's fortifications. His son Cyrus continued his father's work on the Middlesex Canal as an agent for the canal company. His son Benjamin worked on the Boston Mill Dam for before an early death at age 43.
References
1744 births
1807 deaths
Harvard University alumni
Politicians from Massachusetts
People with foods named after them
American revolutionaries
Milton Fonseca Pelissari

Milton Fonseca Pelissari is a retired handball player from Brazil. Milton competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics. He was born on 25 February 1971.
References
Other websites
1971 births
Living people
Brazilian handball players
Brazilian Olympians
The Love Special

The Love Special is a 1921 American drama movie directed by Frank Urson and starring Wallace Reid, Agnes Ayres, Theodore Roberts, Lloyd Whitlock, Sylvia Ashton, Clarence Burton, Snitz Edwards. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
Film stills at silenthollywood.com
1921 drama movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Frank Urson
Keri Russell

Keri Lynn Russell (born March 23, 1976 in Fountain Valley, California) is an American actress. She has starred in many movies for both the cinema and television. She starred in the television series Felicity from 1998 to 2002. Russell won a Golden Globe for "Best Actress in a Drama Series" in 1999.
Russell has been in a relationship with Matthew Rhys since 2014. They had their first child together in 2016.
Other websites
Actors from Orange County, California
American movie actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1976 births
Living people
Sailing (Christopher Cross song)

"Sailing" is a 1980 song by Christopher Cross. It is the second single from his debut studio album Christopher Cross. It topped the single charts in both the United States and Canada and made number 8 in New Zealand and number 48 in the United Kingdom. It won 3 Grammy Awards in 1981.
References
1980 songs
1980s ballads
Rock ballads
Christopher Cross songs
Soft rock songs
Dick Van Patten

Richard Vincent "Dick" Van Patten (December 9, 1928 - June 23, 2015) was an American actor, businessman, and animal welfare advocate. He was best known for his role as Tom Bradford on the television sitcom Eight is Enough.
Early life
Van Patten was born in Queens, New York.
Career
He began working as a child actor. He was successful on the New York stage, appearing in more than a dozen plays as a teenager. He later starred in many television roles including the long running CBS television series, I Remember Mama and Young Dr. Malone. Later he would star or co-star in many feature movies including Mel Brooks' Robin Hood: Men in Tights, Charlton Heston's Soylent Green and the Academy Award winning Charly.
Personal life
Van Patten is the founder of Natural Balance Pet Foods and National Guide Dog Month. Van Patten has been married to Patricia Poole since 1954. They have three children; Vincent Van Patten, Nels Van Patten, and Jimmy Van Patten.
Death
Van Patten died at the age of 86 from diabetic complications in Santa Monica, California.
References
Other websites
Official site
1928 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American activists
Actors from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Bleigny-le-Carreau

Bleigny-le-Carreau is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Bob Papa

Bob Papa (born September 19, 1964) is an American sportscaster. He works for the New York Giants, Golf Channel, and HBO as play-by-play for Boxing After Dark. He also calls boxing during the Olympics. Papa did the same work for boxing for NBC, ESPN, and SportsChannel America. He is the host of Opening Drive. Papa was the studio host for Giants broadcasts before going to the booth and called Thursday Night Football games on NFL Network. He also called BCS games and college football games for Versus. He was one of the members of AFL on NBC as well as the NFL on Westwood One. He was the host of Giants Online and Giants Training Camp Report. Papa called college basketball games for Westwood as well as the New Jersey Nets. He also called Winter Olympics for NBC. Papa was the studio host for NHL on SportsChannel America as well as calling the All American Bowl for NBC.
Olympic Games broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
College basketball broadcasters
National Hockey League broadcasters
Boxing broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
Arena Football League broadcasters
College football broadcasters
Golf broadcasters
Living people
1964 births
Lady in a Cage

Lady in a Cage is a 1964 American psychological crime thriller movie directed by Walter Grauman and starring Olivia de Havilland, James Caan, Jeff Corey, Jennifer Billingsley, Ann Sothern, Rafael Campos. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
1964 crime movies
1964 thriller movies
1960s crime thriller movies
1960s psychological movies
American crime thriller movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Walter Grauman
WPP plc

WPP is a UK based international communications, advertising, public relations, technology and trade holding company headquartered in London, England. As of 2019, it was the largest advertising company in the world. WPP owns many companies including advertising, public relations, media and market research such as AKQA, BCW, Essence Global, Finsbury, Gray, GroupM, Hill + Knowlton Strategies, Kantar Group, Mindshare, Ogilvy, Wavemaker, Wunderman Thompson and VMLY & R. It is one of the Big Four agency companies, along with Publicis, Interpublic Group of Companies and Omnicom. WPP is primary listed on the London Stock Exchange and is also listed on the FTSE 100. It is secondary listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
Roberto Quarta is the chairman of the company. Mark Reed is its CEO.
History
The company was founded as Wire and Plastic Products plc in 1971 to manufacture wire and plastic shopping baskets. In 1985, Martin Sorrell, looking for a listed company through which to create a global marketing services company, bought a controlling stake in it. In the 1980s, WPP began expanding due to buying other companies. In the following years, WPP was buying dozens of companies every year. In January 1987, the company bought Scott Stern Associates, then Scotland's largest design and advertising company. In the same year (1987), the company bought J. Walter Thompson (including JWT, Hill & Knowlton and MRB Group) for $ 566 million. In 1988, the company was registered on NASDAQ (and later transferred to a secondary listing on NYSE). In 1989, it bought the Ogilvy Group for $ 864 million.
References
Carlos Alberto Lacoste

Carlos Alberto Lacoste (February 2, 1929 - June 24, 2004) was an Argentine navy vice-admiral and politician. He briefly served as interim President of Argentina for ten days from December 11 to December 21 1981.
1929 births
2004 deaths
Argentine military people
Politicians from Buenos Aires
Presidents of Argentina
Ross Bridge

Ross Bridge is an historic bridge in the town of Ross in central Tasmania, Australia, completed in July 1836. It crosses the Macquarie River. It replaced an earlier bridge built in 1822 made of uncemented stone piers, with a road surface of logs and clay. This bridge was repaired after several piers fell down in 1828, and the bridge finally collapsed in 1831.
The sandstone bridge was built by convicts. It is the third oldest bridge still in use in Australia. The bridge was designed by architect John Lee Archer. Several attempts were made to build a new bridge. Corrupt officials sold materials the government had bought to make the bridge. Archer changed his designs, and a number of different overseers were put in charge. It was not until two convict stonemasons, James Colbeck and Daniel Herbert joined the building team that any progress was made. In 13 months they completed the bridge on which work had started seven years earlier. Herbert is responsible the detailed carvings along both sides of the bridge.
The bridge was opened by the Governor of Tasmania, George Arthur, on 21 October, 1836. The bridge was registered on the Register of the National Estate in 1978.
References
Further reading about the Bridge
R Smith, Early Tasmanian bridges, Launceston, 1969;
L Newitt, Convicts & carriageways, Hobart, 1988.
Other websites
Tasmanian Times stories focusing on the likenesses of Jorgen Jorgenson
Sydney Morning Herald Travel article about Ross
Tasmanian visitors' guide tourism article about Ross
Ross Bridge on the Australian Heritage Database
Bridges in Australia
Stone bridges
Buildings and structures in Tasmania
1836 establishments
1830s establishments in Australia
Crans-près-Céligny

Crans-pres-Celigny (French for Crans near Celigny) is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Profile
Caribana Festival
Municipalities of Vaud
Teisendorf

Teisendorf (West Central Bavarian: Teisendorf) is a municipality in Berchtesgadener Land, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
References
Berchtesgadener Land
Managing editor

A Managing Editor is a senior member of a Mass media management team. In radio and television networks the managing editor is the top executive. At local stations, a managing editor works directly under the news director. In newspaper publishing the Managing Editor (ME) reports directly to the editor-in-chief. In most organizations the managing editor can hire, fire, or promote staff members. In network broadcasting, the job of managing editor may be combined with other jobs. For example on NBC, Tom Brokaw was both anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News. At CNN Lou Dobbs was an anchor, managing editor and executive vice president. At the Fox News Channel, Brit Hume was an anchor and the Washington DC division's managing editor.
References
Journalism
Right angle

A right angle is an angle with a measurement of 90 degrees. When two lines cross each other so that all the angles have the same size, the result is four right angles. The top of the letter T is at right angles to the vertical line. Walls of buildings are usually at right angles to the floor. Two things that are at right angles are called "perpendicular" or "orthogonal". This is expressed using the symbol (such as in ).
Planes (flat surfaces) can also meet at right angles. In a building, a wall and a floor are said to be perpendicular to each other, and they have a right angle. It also can be called a square angle.
Related pages
Acute angle
Obtuse angle
Parallel (geometry)
References
Angles
Tettigoniidae

The family Tettigoniidae, known in American English as katydids and in British English as bush-crickets, contains more than 6,400 species. It is part of the suborder Ensifera.
They are also known as long-horned grasshoppers, though they are more closely related to crickets than to grasshoppers.
Their antennae may be longer than their own body length, those of the grasshoppers are always relatively short.
Disguise
Katydids may disguise themselves brilliantly. Some look exactly like dead brown leaves, complete with holes, lying still on the forest floor of the rainforests of Asia and South America. Others act like green, living leaves fluttering from a branch. They even have vein-like markings like real leaves.
Other websites
Bush katydid genus Scudderia Stal, 1873 - diagnostic photographs, natural history
Black-sided meadow katydid - Conocephalus nigropleurum - diagnostic photographs
BugGuide.net--family Tettigoniidae
Singing Insects of North America (SINA) website.
Bug guide.net-- Pink Katydid
References
Orthoptera
Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus

Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus is a gram-positive bacterium.
The cells are coccoid. It is psychrophilic. It growth between 4 and 34 degC.
It belongs to the family Staphylococcaceae.
References
Gram-positive bacteria
Narendra Kumar Swain

Narendra Kumar Swain (18 December 1939 - 7 September 2020) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from Odisha between 2015 to 2020. He was a member of the Biju Janata Dal. He was born in Odisha.
Swain died on 7 September 2020 in Odisha, aged 80.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
Politicians from Odisha
Bokermann's tree frog

Bokermann's tree frog (Dendropsophus novaisi) is a frog that lives in three different places in Brazil.
References
Frogs of South America
Toyama Chukyoin

(Fu Shan Zhong Jiao Yuan ) is a small shrine in Toyama City, Japan. The shrine's grounds were originally a Buddhist temple of the Jodo Shinshu sect, but it was later converted into a Chukyoin in 1873.
Chukyoin was a type of institution created to promote the teachings of the Taikyo Institute. There was one on each capital of a Prefecture of Japan..
The Taikyo Institute, literally had sub institutions across Japan called and . Every prefecture had its own Chukyoin in its capital and this was the one of Toyama Prefecture. Shokyoins were scattered all across the country. The size comparison resembles the words for University, Middle school, and Elementary school.
All of them however promoted the same Taikyo proclamation teachings.
In 1875 the Taikyo Institute was closed, and the building became an office of the Bureau of Shinto Affairs. Then in 1882 it became a Jingukyo office.
Around the Chukyoin site, there was a night market that became famous in 1904.
In 1925, the Chukyoin was relocated near Toyama Gokoku Shrine to make way for a new streetcar line. Only a small shrine remains at the original location, as the streetcar was later removed.
The Chukyoin (now affiliated with Jingukyo) was completely destroyed on August 2, 1945 during an air raid.
During World War II the night market was damaged and unused until its repair in 1950. It was still operational in 1999. and 2011
After the war people rebuilt the shrine on its original location. The shrine can be found next to the bus stop Chukyoin Mae. It is known as the smallest shrine in Japan.
The shrine building was rennovated in 2020.
Other pages
Toyama Gokoku Shrine
Taikyo Institute
Sources
Shinto shrines
Taikyo Institute
Shinto shrines in Toyama Prefecture
Shrines in Toyama
Shinto shrines in Toyama Prefecture
1873 establishments in Japan
Taikyo Institute
Shinto shrines in Toyama Prefecture
Shrines in Toyama
Patti LuPone

Patti Ann LuPone (born in Northport, New York, April 21, 1949) is an American performer. She has several Tony Awards. She won her first playing Eva Peron in the 1979 musical Evita. She also acted in many television programs and movies. These include The 24 Hour Woman and Witness.
References
Other websites
Actors from New York (state)
American stage actors
1949 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
Tony Award winning actors
Texas County, Oklahoma

Texas County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 20,107 people lived there. Its county seat is Guymon. It is named after the state it borders to the south, Texas.
Geography
The county has a total area of 2,049 square miles.
Places
Cities
Guymon (county seat)
Hooker
Towns
Goodwell
Hardesty
Optima
Texhoma
Tyrone
Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Sweater

A sweater is a piece of clothing worn on the upper body to keep the person warm. Sweaters are usually knitted or crocheted. Other names for sweaters are pullover, jersey, or jumper. Sweaters that open in the front are often called cardigans. They are named after James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, a British general during the Crimean War, who led the famous charge of the Light Brigade. Sweaters without sleeves are often called vests. Sweaters can be worn all year long for comfort and warmth.
Tops (clothing)
de:Sweatshirt
Edmund Hillary

Sir Edmund Percival Hillary , (born 20 July 1919, died 11 January 2008) was a New Zealand mountaineer and explorer. He and Sherpa guide Tenzing Norgay were the first people to climb Mount Everest. They got to the top on 29 May 1953. Mount Everest is the tallest mountain on Earth. During his teenage years, Hillary had attended Auckland Grammar School.
Sir Edmund Hillary's fame came as a result of being the first New Zealander in the world to conquer Mt. Everest in Nepal. He is on the New Zealand five dollar note. He also climbed ten other mountains after Mount Everest, all of which are also in the Himalayas.
Early life
Hillary was born to Percival Augustus Hillary and Gertrude Hillary, nee Clark, in Auckland, New Zealand, on 20 July 1919. His family moved to Tuakau (south of Auckland) in 1920, after his father (who served at Gallipoli) had gotten land there. His grandparents were early settlers in northern Wairoa in the mid 19th century after moving from Yorkshire, England.
Hillary learned at Tuakau Primary School and then Auckland Grammar School. He finished primary school two years early, but he did not do very well at high school. At first, he was smaller than other students there and very shy so he felt safe with his books and often thought of a life filled with adventure. Every day, he rode a train to and from high school, and he often used this time to read. Learning how to box helped him become more confident. At age 16 his interest in climbing started during a school trip to Mount Ruapehu. Although very tall at 6 ft 5 in (195 cm), he was stronger than many of his fellow hikers.
He learned about mathematics and science at The University of Auckland, and in 1939 he completed his first important climb, which was reaching the top of a mountain called Mount Ollivier. With his brother Rex, Hillary became a beekeeper during summertime, which allowed him to do climbing in the winter.
Personal life
Hillary married Louise Mary Rose in 1953, by whom he had a son and two daughters. In 1975, his wife and their younger daughter were killed in a plane crash. Hillary married June Mulgrew in 1989; they remained married until he died.
Death
Hillary died of a heart attack in Auckland, at the age of 88.
Gallery
References
1919 births
2008 deaths
Beekeepers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Explorers
Mountain climbers
People from Auckland
Large Zenith Telescope

The Large Zenith Telescope (LZT) is a 6.0 metre diameter telescope. It is in the University of British Columbia's Malcolm Knapp Research Forest, about east of Vancouver. It is one of the largest telescopes in the world.
A zenith telescope is only able to look straight up. This means that it can use a mirror which is a smoothly spinning pan filled with liquid mercury. The LZT uses 28 litres of mercury, spinning once every 8.5 seconds. This type of mirror can be made much larger and cheaper than a conventional mirror, which means it collects much more light. This light is focused into a CCD to make an image. The LZT is used for "transit imaging". This means that earth's rotation moves stars past the telescope. Images can be taken by moving the sensor electronically in step with this movement.
The telescope was made in 1994 using parts from the three-metre diameter NASA Orbital Debris Observatory telescope, which was retired a couple years earlier after several years of use.
References
Other websites
Large Zenith Telescope homepage
A picture of the design.
Buildings and structures in Canada
Telescopes
Solhöjden

Solhojden is a minor locality in Habo Municipality in Jonkoping County, Sweden. In 2010, 140 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Jonkoping County
Coşna

Cosna is a commune in Suceava County in Romania.
Communes in Suceava County
Dambach-la-Ville

Dambach-la-Ville is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Dambach-la-Ville is known for its wine.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Maya Plisetskaya

Maya Mikhaylovna Plisetskaya (; 20 November 1925 - 2 May 2015) was a Russian ballerina, choreographer, director and actress. She was born in Moscow, Soviet Union.
Plisetskaya gained an interest in ballet at a young age and was active during the Soviet period. She has been called by some, such as Nikita Khrushchev, one of the best ballerinas of all time. She was married to composer and pianist Rodion Shchedrin from 1958 until her death.
Early life
Plisetskaya was born in Moscow, Russia to Lithuanian Jewish parents. Her mother, Rachel Messerer, was a silent movie actress and her father, Mikhail Plisetski, was a diplomat. She studied at the Bolshoi Theater.
Family
In 1938, her father was arrested and later executed during the Stalinist purges. Her mother was arrested soon after and, with Maya's seven-month-old baby brother, sent to a gulag in Kazakhstan for the next three years. Plisetskaya was taken in by her maternal aunt (a ballerina) until her mother was released in 1941.
During the years without her parents, and barely a teenager, Plisetskaya "faced terror, war, and dislocation". As a result, "Maya took refuge in ballet and the Bolshoi Theatre".
Dancing
For many years she was not allowed to tour outside the Soviet Union. This ban was lifted in 1959 by Nikita Khrushchev.
Able to travel the world as a member of the Bolshoi, her skill as a dancer was widely recognised. It set a high standard for ballerinas in technique and dramatic presence. Khrushchev allowed her to go on the Bolshoi tour in New York and he was immensely satisfied upon reading the reviews of her performances. He embraced her on her return.
Within a few years, she was recognized as "an international superstar" and a continuous "box office hit throughout the world". The Soviet Union treated her as a favored cultural emissary, as "the dancer who did not defect". Although she toured extensively during the years that other dancers defected, including Rudolph Nureyev, Natalia Makarova and Mikhail Baryshnikov, Plisetskaya always returned to Russia.
Plisetskaya explains that for her generation, and her family in particular, defecting was a moral issue. She had once asked her mother why their family didn't leave the Soviet Union when they had the chance, at the time living in Norway. Her mother said "Misha would never have been a traitor".
Personal life
Plisetskaya married composer Rodion Shchedrin in 1958. They lived in Munich, Germany. She was close friends with Robert F. Kennedy. Plisetskaya was a naturalized citizen of Lithuania and Spain.
Death
Plisetskaya died in Munich, Germany on 2 May 2015 from a heart attack, aged 89.
Awards
Plisetskaya was given many awards by the Soviet Union, and by Russia. Of special note were:
Soviet Union
Hero of Socialist Labour (1985)
Three Orders of Lenin (1967, 1976, 1985)
Lenin Prize (1964)
People's Artist of USSR (1959)
Russia
Order of Merit for the Fatherland
References
Other websites
1925 births
2015 deaths
Russian choreographers
Entertainers from Moscow
Lithuanian Jews
Russian ballerinas
Russian Jews
Russian movie actors
Soviet actors
Soviet Jews
Tennie

Tennie is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
References
Communes in Sarthe
Freddie Jones

Frederick Charles Jones (12 September 1927 - 9 July 2019) was an English character actor. He portrayed Sandy Thomas in Emmerdale. He appeared in David Lynch's movies The Elephant Man (1980), Dune (1984), Wild at Heart (1990) as well as the short-lived television series On the Air (1992) and the short movie Hotel Room (1993).
Jones died on 9 July 2019 at the age of 91 after a short illness.
References
Other websites
1927 births
2019 deaths
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
People from Staffordshire
The River (Bruce Springsteen album)

The River is the fifth studio album by American singer Bruce Springsteen. It was released on 17 October, 1980 through Columbia Records. It went to number 1 in Canada and the United States, number 2 in the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and the United Kingdom, number 3 in France, number 5 in Spain and number 8 in Australia.
Track listing
All tracks are written by Bruce Springsteen.
The Ties That Bind: The River Collection
In 2015, Bruce Springsteen re-recorded The River for its 35th anniversary edition on 4 December, 2015 as a boxed set containing 52 tracks on four CDs along with four hours on video on three DVDs or two Blu-ray discs.
Track listing
All songs are written by Bruce Springsteen, except where noted.
Unreleased outtakes
Springsteen wrote a large amount of music during album sessions, and even with the 2015 box set, many songs still remain unreleased. Songs such as "Held Up Without a Gun", "Be True", and "Roulette" were featured as B-sides, the first two on the album's singles and the last on a Tunnel of Love single. "Loose Ends", "Roulette", "Restless Nights", "Where the Bands Are", "Dollhouse", "Living on the Edge of the World", "Take 'em as They Come", "Ricky Wants a Man of Her Own", "I Wanna Be with You", "Mary Lou" were released on the Tracks box set, while "From Small Things (Big Things One Day Come)" was released on The Essential Bruce Springsteen collection in 2003. An alternate version of "Stolen Car" was released on Tracks. During The River sessions, Springsteen also recorded demos of "Jole Blon", "Dedication", "Your Love", and "This Little Girl", in preparation for summer recording sessions he was co-producing for Gary U.S. Bonds. "Jeannie Needs a Shooter" was also given to Warren Zevon, which he re-worked and recorded. None of the demos recorded at Telegraph Hill Studios in Holmdel (the converted barn on Springsteen's property) in 1979 have ever been released, probably because of quality issues ("Night Fire" and "Meet Me In the City", on the outtakes disc, both featured 1979 Power Station backing and 2015 re-recorded vocals). Most can be found on the Lost Masters bootleg collection, released in the 1990s.
"Jeannie Needs a Shooter"
"Find It Where You Can"
"Break My Heart"
"Out on the Run (Looking for Love)"
"Under the Gun"
"I Don't Wanna Be"
"Chevrolet Deluxe"
"I Will Be the One (aka Slow Fade)"
"Jole Blon"
"Angelyne"
"It's Okay"
"A Thousand Tears (William Davis)"
"Arnie
"Tonight"
"I'm Gonna Treat You Right"
"Dedication"
"Your Love"
"This Little Girl"
References
1980 albums
Bruce Springsteen albums
Canberra Raiders

The Canberra Raiders are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in the nation's capital city of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. They were founded in 1981. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won three premierships, most recently in 1994.
Other websites
National Rugby League
Organizations based in Canberra
1981 establishments in Australia
Myresjö

Myresjo is a locality in Vetlanda Municipality in Jonkoping County in Sweden. In 2010, 646 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Jonkoping County
Cerro del Nacimiento

Cerro del Nacimiento is a mountain in the Andes range, in Argentina. It is the 19th highest mountain in the Andes.
Mountains of Argentina
Andes
Lucie Aubrac

Lucie Samuel (29 June 1912 - 14 March 2007), born Lucie Bernard, and better known as Lucie Aubrac, was a French history teacher. She was a member of the French Resistance during World War II.
Aubrac died in Issy-les-Moulineaux, near Paris, on 14 March 2007, aged 94. She was survived by her three children and her husband, Raymond Aubrac.
Other websites
Guardian obituary, 16 March 2007
1912 births
2007 deaths
French teachers
French people of World War II
Tito Francona

John Patsy Francona (November 4, 1933 - February 13, 2018) was a Major League Baseball player. As a child, he was nicknamed "Tito" by his father. His son, Cleveland Indians manager Terry Francona. He was born in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania.
Francona played for the Baltimore Orioles (1956-1957), Chicago White Sox (1958), Detroit Tigers (1958), Cleveland Indians (1959-1964), St. Louis Cardinals (1965-1966), Philadelphia Phillies (1967), Atlanta Braves (1967-1969), Oakland Athletics (1969-1970) and for the Milwaukee Brewers (1970).
Francona died at his home in New Brighton, Pennsylvania of natural causes on February 13, 2018 at the age of 84.
References
Other websites
1933 births
2018 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
Baltimore Orioles players
Chicago White Sox players
Detroit Tigers players
Cleveland Indians players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Atlanta Braves players
Oakland Athletics players
Milwaukee Brewers players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Federico Maria Martini

Federico Maria Martini (Cremona, 21 july 2001) is an Italian writer and poet.
Biography
Education
Graduated in a scientific high school, Federico Maria Martini is now earning a degree in Philosophy at the University of Bergamo.
His studies have also seen as protagonists various seminars, in the psychological field, held by national and foreign universities, among which Yale University, University of Edinburgh and Federico II University of Naples.
Writing
He fell in love with writing at the age of seventeen and decided at that time that it would become his profession.
In 2020 he publishes his first short novel, entitled "The black rose", and will collaborate, only later, with some local newspapers.
On May 15, 2020 he published an article entitled "Music does not like power" in the theater magazine "Meglio Meno" dedicated to the death of the musician Ezio Bosso, which took place on the same day.
In 2021 he decides to start devoting himself to poetry by writing various compositions, some of which have allowed him to receive the medal of honor at the "Alda Merini" literary prize, in memory of the author herself and granted by the Nuova Accademia dei Bronzi.
In 2021 he earned the title of "Poet of Via Margutta".
Positions
In his publications, although not always explicitly, Martini refers to the thought of Marx from the perspective of German idealism, approaching the critique of the capitalist system with elements deriving from metaphysics, which lead him to reflect on issues such as alienation, labor and spiritual, ethics and progress.
Works
Novels and short novels
The black rose. 2020. ISBN 979-8680040584
Lucid madness. 2020. ISBN 979-8574490723
2084, one hundred years after the Orwell scene. 2021. ISBN 979-8733469249
Essays
Letter to the working class. 2021. ISBN 979-8734749296
Participation
I Poeti di Via Margutta, Collana Poetica, Dantebus Edizioni, 2022. ISBN 979-1259505248
Notes
"Federico Maria Martini", un conto disumano e ancora approssimativo, su megliomeno.com, 3 march 2020. URL consulted on 6 june 2022
"Federico Maria Martini", alla musica non piace il potere, su megliomeno.com, 15 may 2020. URL consulted on 1st. june 2022
"Federico Maria Martini", su dantebus.com, URL consulted on 25 may 2022
2001 births
Living people
Italian poets
Zé Maria

Ze Maria is a nickname for various people with the given name Jose Maria, and may refer to these Brazilians:
Ze Maria (footballer, born 1931), born Jose Maria de Carvalho Sales, Brazilian football midfielder
Ze Maria (footballer, born 1939), born Jose Maria dos Santos Motta, Brazilian football defender
Ze Maria (footballer, born 1942), born Jose Maria da Silva, Brazilian football forward
Ze Maria (footballer, born 1949), born Jose Maria Rodrigues Alves, Brazilian football right-back who was 1970 FIFA World Cup champion
Ze Maria (politician) (born 1957), Brazilian politician
Ze Maria (footballer, born 1973), born Jose Marcelo Ferreira, Brazilian football wing-back who won bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Ze Maria (footballer, born 1976), born Jose Mario Claudino, Brazilian football midfielder
Related pages
Jose Maria
Zemaria, Brazilian electro musical group
Province of Novara

Novara is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy.
N
Lisham

Lisham is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
References
Meitei surnames
Rien van den Heuvel

Don Rien van den Heuvel (1938 - 28 December 2022) was a Dutch monk. He was professed for 64 years and a priest for 58 years. He served as the abbot of the St. Paul's Abbey between 1985 and 2007 of the St. Willibrord's Abbey between 2007 and 2015.
Biography
Van de Heuvel was born in Dordrecht in 1938. After primary school he attended seminary, like his two years older brother. He became a monk in 1956 at the St. Paul's Abbey in Oosterhout. The monastery from which the St. Willibrord's Abbey of Doetinchem was founded in 1945. He was interim superior of the abbey for nine years. From 1985 to 2007 he was the fourth abbot of St. Paul's Abbey. After the abdication of at the St. Willibrord's Abbey he became the third elected abbot of St. Willibrord's Abbey on 3 September 2007. During his leadership, the number of monks grew from five to eleven. Interest in visiting the abbey also grew. He held this position until 2015.
Van den Heuvel died after a short illness in a care center in Nijmegen on 28 December 2022, at the age of 84.
References
Dutch people
Monks
1938 births
2022 deaths
People from Dordrecht
Riddes

Riddes is a municipality of the district of Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website of Riddes
Municipalities of Valais
Trets

Trets is a commune of 10,709 people (2006). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Communes in Bouches-du-Rhone
Bartlesville, Oklahoma

Bartlesville is a city in Oklahoma in the United States. It is the county seat of Washington County.
County seats in Oklahoma
Cities in Oklahoma
After Love (1948 movie)

After Love (French: Apres l'amour) is a 1948 French drama movie directed by Maurice Tourneur and was based on the 1924 play of the same name by Pierre Wolff and Henri Duvernois. It stars Pierre Blanchar, Simone Renant, Giselle Pascal, Gabrielle Fontan, Fernand Fabre, Michel Lemoine.
Other websites
1948 drama movies
French drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Maurice Tourneur
Pielești

Pielesti is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania.
Pielesti
Egg donation

Egg donation is when a woman gives some of her eggs (ova). Sometimes it is done to help that woman or another woman have a baby. Sometimes it is for research. Sometimes the eggs are frozen for later.
The first child born from egg donation was in 1983 in Australia. The first one in the United States was born February 3, 1984.
A woman who gives her ova is called an egg donor. Egg donors are recruited, screened, and give consent before participating in the process.
References
Female reproductive system
Kite surfing

Kite surfing or Kite boarding is a kind of water sports that uses the wind to pull a rider on the water surface on a small surfboard or a kiteboard. There are a number of different styles of kiteboarding.
A kitesurfer or kiteboarder uses a board with or without foot-straps or bindings, combined with the power of a large controllable kite to propel the rider and the board across the water. In 2006, the number of kitesurfers has been estimated at around 150,000 to 210,000, with 114,465 inflatable kites sold that same year. Various surfing styles have appeared to suit both kitesurfers and conditions, such as waveriding, freestyle, freeride, jumping, and cruising.
Notes
Surfing
Wind energy
Peabody, Massachusetts

Peabody is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 51,251, and in 2014 the estimated population was 52,376. Peabody is located in the North Shore region of Massachusetts.
References
Cities in Massachusetts
A.P. Indy

A.P. Indy (March 31, 1989 - February 21, 2020) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. In 1991, he won the Hollywood Futurity. He had his most successful year in 1992, winning the San Rafael Stakes, Santa Anita Derby, Peter Pan Stakes, Belmont Stakes and Breeders' Cup Classic. He was the 1992 American Horse of the Year and was added to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2000.
A.P. Indy was foaled at Lane's End Farm in Versailles, Kentucky. He died at his birthplace on February 21, 2020. He was 31.
References
Thoroughbred racehorses
Nyctibatrachus

Nyctibatrachus is a genus of frogs endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India. Their common name is night frogs. Their scientific name also means "night frog".
These frogs are quite common, and researchers think this has been overlooked because of their their small size. They are indeed extremely small, and can sit on a coin or a fingernail. However, they are not so small as Paedophryne, which is the smallest land vertebrate.
References
Frogs of Asia
Telok Ayer MRT station

Telok Ayer MRT Station (DT18) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line in Downtown Core, Singapore under Cross Street. This station uses side platforms.
References
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Devil's Doorway

Devil's Doorway is a 1950 American western movie directed by Anthony Mann and starring Robert Taylor, Louis Calhern, Paula Raymond, Marshall Thompson, James Mitchell, Edgar Buchanan, Spring Byington. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Other websites
1950 movies
1950s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
MGM movies
Movies directed by Anthony Mann
Canton, Pennsylvania

Canton is a borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,976 at the 2010 census.
References
Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Kassel

Kassel is a city in Germany, in the state of Hessen.
It has about 195,000 inhabitants and a university.
Every 5 years there is an international arts exhibition documenta in Kassel. The best football team KSV Hessen Kassel plays in the Regionalliga, the fourth Division in Germany.
References