pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Crash (Gwen Stefani song)

"Crash" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004). Written by Stefani and No Doubt bandmate Tony Kanal, the song uses car metaphors to describe a relationship. Many music critics compared the song to music made by American female rap group Salt-n-Pepa.
Music video
Unlike the previous singles released from the Love. Angel. Music. Baby. album, "Crash" was the only song not to feature an actual music video, a live performance from the Harajuku Lovers Tour was used instead, this was mainly because Stefani was pregnant with her first child.
Track listings
US 12" promotional single
A1. "Crash" (Album Version) - 4:06
B1. "Crash" (Instrumental) - 4:05
B2. "Crash" (A Cappella) - 4:06
European promotional CD single
"Crash" (Album Version) - 4:06
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love. Angel. Music. Baby.
Gwen Stefani - lead vocals, songwriting
Brian "Big Bass" Gardner - mastering
Lee Groves - keyboards, mix programming
Rob Haggett - second assistant engineer
Tony Kanal - keyboards, production, programming, songwriting, synthesizers
Colin "Dog" Mitchell - recording
Mark "Spike" Stent - mixing
David Treahearn - assistant engineering
Charts
Release history
References
2004 songs
Gwen Stefani songs
Hip hop songs
Electro songs
R&B songs
Grashof number

The Grashof number (Gr) represents forced convection in a heat transfer system. It can be found using the relation of Ra/Pr, where Ra is the Rayleigh's number and Pr is Prandtl's Number.
Numbers
Fluid mechanics
Thermodynamics
Heat transfer
Seal of Alabama

The Great Seal of the State of Alabama is the state seal of the U.S. state of Alabama. It was designed in 1817 by William Wyatt Bibb, the governor of the "Alabama Territory" and the subsequent first governor of the state. When Alabama became a state in 1819, the state legislature got the design as the official state seal. The seal prominently has a map showing one of the state's most valuable resources--its major rivers. Bibb's design served as the official seal until 1868, when it was replaced by a controversial design having on it an eagle holding in its beak a banner that read "Here We Rest." The legislature and Governor Frank M. Dixon restored Bibb's original design in 1939, and it has remained unchanged since.
Alabama
Alabama
Patrick Troughton

Patrick George Troughton (25 March 1920 - 28 March 1987) was a British actor. He played different sorts of characters and who was in a lot of movies.
He is best known as the Second Doctor on Doctor Who from 1966 to 1969. He also appeared in Jason & the Argonauts (1963) and The Omen (1976). His grandson, Harry Melling plays Dudley Dursley in the Harry Potter series of movies.
1920 births
1987 deaths
Actors from Middlesex
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Tai Tapu

Tai Tapu is a small town/settlement on State Highway 75. It was previously known as Taitapu. It is located 6 kilometres east of Lincoln and 18 kilometres south west of Christchurch. It has a school, church and hotel that was established in 1856. The name Tai Tapu is derived from the Maori words "wai tapu". This means water.
References
Settlements in New Zealand
Banks Peninsula
Selwyn District
Andranik Ozanian

Andranik Toros Ozanian, or Zoravar Andranik, (February 25, 1865 - August 31, 1927) was an Armenian military general and freedom fighter. He was seen by Armenian people as a national hero.
Biography
He was born in Sebinkarahisar, Ottoman Armenia (present-day Giresun Province, Turkey). After losing his wife and son at an early age, he joined the Armenian freedom movement in the Ottoman Empire, and participated in various political parties.
Andranik participated in the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, within the Bulgarian army, alongside general Garegin Njdeh as a commander of Armenian auxiliary troops of 1912-1913. After his arrest and jailed; he spent some time in Istanbul. During World War I, he participated in the Caucasus Campaign and was appointed as general of the Armenian volunteer units of the Russian army. He participated in 20 different offensives where he gained fame due to his courage and the tactics he came up with to defeat the opposing forces.
He was the commanding officer of the Armenian volunteer units, which helped the Van Resistance take control of the Van on May 6, 1915. He helped re-capture the city from Ottoman forces during the Battle of Van. He was also the commander of the battalion that took the city of Bitlis (see: Battle of Bitlis) from the Ottoman forces that was under control of Mustafa Kemal.
After declaration of Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA), he organized volunteer units against the Ottoman army, and fought alongside those units. Declaration of Treaty of Batum was in diffuse as Andranik, was fighting against the Ottoman Empire with his army. He refused to accept the borders stated by the treaty. His activities were concentrated at the link between Ottoman Empire to Azerbaijan Democratic Republic at Karabakh, Zanghezur and Nakhichevan. Ozanian struck back at the Ottoman Fronts, Army of Islam.
Andranik, tried several times to seize Shusha. Just before the Armistice of Mudros was signed, Andranik was on the way from Zangezur to Shusha, to control the main city of Nagorno-Karabakh. In January 1919 Armenian troops advancing, the British forces (Lionel Dunsterville) ordered Andranik back to Zangezur, and gave him the assurances that this conflict can be solved with the Paris Peace Conference, of 1919.
In 1919 he left Armenia in order not to take part in the political struggles for power in the recent Republic of still those its opinions contradicting policy to carry Armenia for the last time and went oneself into exile to Fresno, California, United States.
He immigrated to Fresno, California. Andranik Ozanian lived in Fresno for 18 years until his death on August 31, 1927. His remains were moved to Paris in 1928, and returned to Armenia in 1999, where he was buried at the Yerablur military cemetery.
Further reading
The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: edited by Richard G Hovannisian
Zoravar Andranik - Armenfilm 35mm 1989, Director: Levon Mkrtchyan,narration Khoren Abrahamyan
1865 births
1927 deaths
Armenian generals
Lucy-sur-Yonne

Lucy-sur-Yonne is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Simon Russell Beale

Sir Simon Russell Beale, (born 12 January 1961) is an English actor, author and music historian. He was born in Penang, Malaya (present-day Malaysia).
He appeared in Persuasion (1995), The Young Visiters (2003), Dunkirk (2004), The Deep Blue Sea (2011) and as Falstaff in the BBC made-for-television movies Henry IV, Part I and Part II (2012).
He was part of the main cast of Showtime's Penny Dreadful. He also appeared in Into the Woods (2014) and The Death of Stalin (2017).
References
1961 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English historians
Actors from London
Writers from London
Canadian Tire

Canadian Tire is one of Canada's 35 largest publicly traded companies. Canadian Tire is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Tire has their own kind of paper coupons that resemble banknote money which distinguishes the company from other retailers in Canada.
Canadian Tire's slogans
in the 1970s: "It's for people like you"
in the 1980s: "There is a lot more to Canadian Tire than tires"
1992s: "There is a lot more for a lot less"
1997: "Canadian Tire, still the right place"
Some Christmas seasons: "Give like Santa, save like Scrooge" and "Scrooge-Approved Prices"
2001: "Let's Get Started"
2006: "__ Starts at Canadian Tire" and the blank would be filled with various seasons or situations ("Home Improvement", "Spring Cleaning", "Car Care", Etc.).
2008: "For Days Like Today"
Other websites
Canadian Tire's Official website
Retail companies of Canada
Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
1922 establishments in North America
1920s establishments in Canada
Barbara Perry

Barbara Perry (June 22, 1921 - May 5, 2019) was an American actress, singer and dancer. She was born in Norfolk, Virginia. Perry was known for her television roles in The Donna Reed Show, The Andy Griffith Show, My Three Sons, and The Dick Van Dyke Show, where she played Buddy Sorrell's wife Pickles, before being replaced by Joan Shawlee.
She also played Thelma Brockwood on The Hathaways. Perry's last known role was in the television series Baskets.
Perry died on May 5, 2019 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 97.
References
Other websites
1921 births
2019 deaths
American television actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American dancers
Singers from Virginia
Actors from Virginia
People from Norfolk, Virginia
Western Asia

Western Asia (or Southwest Asia) is the part of Asia that includes the Middle East and South Caucasus.
Territories
Southwest Asia in most uses includes:
(partly)
(partly)
(partly)
Other websites
Stanford's Map of Western Asia is an old map from 1885
Michel Rocard

Michel Rocard (; 23 August 1930 - 2 July 2016) was a French politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party (PS). He served as Prime Minister under Francois Mitterrand from 1988 to 1991.
References
Other websites
Speech of Michel Rocard denouncing the methods of some who push for software patents in Europe (in French)
Michel Rocard regle ses comptes avec le socialisme a la francaise (Le Monde).
1930 births
2016 deaths
Prime Ministers of France
Government ministers of France
MEPs for France
People from Ile-de-France
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Lord Street, Southport

Lord Street is the main shopping street of Southport, in Merseyside. It is 1 mile (1.6 km) long, with a roundabout at each end . There are many gardens and architectural listed buildings along it with a mix of residential, commercial and public buildings. It was built in the early 19th century.
Napoleon III stayed on holiday nearby in 1846. Lord Street is thought to be the inspiration for the tree-lined boulevards of Paris, built between 1854 and 1870.
References
Buildings and structures in Merseyside
Roads in England
Bea Wain

Bea Wain (April 30, 1917 - August 19, 2017) was an American Big Band-era singer. She was born in New York City, New York. She led the vocal group Bea and the Bachelors (with Al Rinker, Ken Lane, and John Smedberg) and the V8 (seven boys and a girl) on the Fred Waring show. Wain had four No. 1 hits: "Cry, Baby, Cry", "Deep Purple", "Heart and Soul" and her signature song, "My Reverie".
Wain died of congestive heart failure at a retirement home on August 19, 2017 in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 100.
References
Other websites
The Daisy Foundation
Interview by Amanda Wilde
1917 births
2017 deaths
American centenarians
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Musicians from the Bronx
Singers from New York City
Once Upon a Time in America

Once Upon a Time in America is a 1984 movie directed by Sergio Leone and starring Robert De Niro and James Woods as Jewish gangsters. The movie was Sergio Leone's last before his death.
The movie is set at three different times;
the early 1920s; the characters as children,
the early 1930s; the characters as adults,
1968; the few still living characters in their old age.
When Leone finished making the movie it was 229 minutes (3 hours and 49 minutes) and started with an old character (Robert De Niro) remembering his past; it then showed him as a child and as a young adult. We call this flashbacks; it can happen in movie but certainly not in real life. But when it was first shown to American audiences it was made much shorter and set in chronological order; meaning the movie first showed the characters as children, then as young adults and then as older adults; or 'from start to finish'. We call this chronological; this is what would happen in real life. Many people agree that the longer version is much better than the shortened chronological version.
1984 movies
American crime drama movies
Italian drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Sergio Leone
Pebble Beach, California

Pebble Beach is an unincorporated community on the Monterey Peninsula in Monterey County, California.
References
Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Monterey County, California
Please Mr. Postman

"Please Mr. Postman" is the first single of The Marvelettes on the Motown record label. This was the first Motown song to reach #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart. The song was released in the summer of 1961.
The song was also recorded by The Carpenters in 1974. Their single also hit #1 on Billboard Hot 100.
References
1961 songs
Pop songs
The Carpenters songs
The Beatles songs
Paramavatar Shri Krishna

Paramavatar Shri Krishna (English: Lord Krishna) is an Indian television mythological serial. It is airing on &TV since 19 June 2017. It is based on the life of Krishna.
Plot
The story revolves around the birth and life of Krishna, the central character of the Hindu epic Mahabharata.
Cast
Main
Sudeep Sahir as Lord Krishna
Nirnay Samadhiya as Child Krishna
Amandeep Sidhu / Hunar Hali as Rukmani / Sita
Tushar Chawla as Balram
Aryavart Mishra as Child Balram
Mahi Soni as Child Radha
Siddhiksha Singha as Baby Radha
Gulki Joshi as Mata Devaki
Chaitanya Choudhury as Vasudeva
Tiya Gandwani as Rohini
Gungun Uprari as Mata Yashoda
Sachin Shroff as Nanda Baba
Manish Wadhwa as Kans
Regulars
Barkha Sengupta as Draupadi
Ankit Bathla as Arjuna
Prateik Chaudhary as Arjuna
Neel Motwani as Karna
Abhishek Tiwari as Yudhishthir
Danish Akhtar Saifi as Bheem
Veer Arya as Duryodhana
Vishal Karwal / Himmanshoo A. Malhotra as Lord Vishnu
Neha Sargam as Goddess Lakshmi
Tarun Khanna / Diwakar Pundir as Lord Shiva
Dharti Bhatt as Goddess Parvati
Amardeep Garg as Lord Brahma
Shailendra Vyas as Akrur
Anil Sharma as Damodar
Komal Sharma as Asti
Garima Joshi as Prapti
Deepak Jethi as Shridhar
Hemant Choudhary / Chetanya Adib as Parashurama
Abhilash Chaudhary as Lord Surya
Ram Awana / Gireesh Sahdev as Maharaj Bali
Shiv as Lakshmana
Kumar Hegde as Alambasur
Neetha Shetty as Goddess Yogmaya
Riyanka Chanda as Devi Ila
Recurring
Romanch Mehta as Vrishbhan
Rajeev Bharadwaj / Nirbhay Wadhwa as Kalyavan
Rahul Jat as Kedar
Firoz Ali as King Bhismak (Rukmini's father)
Athar Siddiqui as Kaliya Naag
Simran Khanna / Jaya Bhattacharya as Kunti
Pragyaj Jain as Child Arjuna
Shoaib Khan as Child Sudama
Ekta Tiwari as Jara
Yashu Dhiman as Kirti
Puneet Issar / Raj Premi as Jarasandha
Raj Singh as Narada
Ram Mehar Jangra as Manik
Gurpreet Bedi as Kesani
Sandeep Bhojak As King Rambh
Krutika Desai Khan as Chandalni
Nagesh Salwan as Guru Gargacharya
Salman Shaikh as Rukmi
Shresth Kumar as Paundraka Vasudeva
Dakssh Ajit Singh as Shishupala
Aishwarya Raj Bhakuni as Shubrata
Jiten Lalwani as Shani
Anshul Bammi as Nakul / Devraj Indra
Archi Kalsi as Sahdev
Sunil Singh as Drupad
Vinod Kapoor as Dronacharya
Shweta Dadhich as Drupad's Wife
Amit Dolawat as Shikhandini
Anil Lalwani as Dhrishtadyumna
Deepak Dutta as Dhritarashtra
Kashish Duggal as Gandhari
Rahul Rana as Dushasan
Sooraj Thapar as Shakuni
Brownie Parashar as Vidur
Viren Singh as Ashwatthama
Saurabh Makhija as Vikarna
Manav Sohal as Adhirath Sushen
Varsha Chandra as Radha
Rohit Sagar as Satrajit
Raj Logani / Gautam Handa as Indra
Shagun Sharma as Satyabhama
Aleya Ghosh as Vajrabala / Kaumodaki / Jambavati
Gaurav Walia as Purochan
Samrat Soni as Jambavan
Daya Shankar Pandey as Sudama
Aamir Rafiq as Vayu
Shruti Gholap as Susheela
Yajuvendra Singh as Sanjay
Sumit Verma as Virochan
Romit Baweja
Azahar Khan
Related pages
Baal Krishna
Jai Shri Krishna
Other websites
Paramavatar Shri Krishna at ZEE5
2017 Indian television series debuts
2020 television series endings
Växjö Municipality

Vaxjo Municipality () is a municipality in Kronoberg County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Vaxjo.
References
Other websites
Vaxjo Municipality
Municipalities of Kronoberg County
Treaty of Tordesillas

The Treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty between Portugal and Spain in 1494. The countries decided to divide up all the land in the Americas between Portugal and Spain. However, Natives had no say in this treaty. The Spanish Pope Alexander VI was the Pope at the time of the treaty. The Pope drew an imaginary line on a map. This line was 2,193 kilometers to the west of the Cape Verde Islands. He gave Portugal the land to the east of this line and gave Spain the land to the west of this line. The purpose of the treaty was to resolve conflict.
King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile of Spain signed this treaty in Tordesillas, Spain. This is where the treaty got its name. Spain governed the territories West of the line and Portugal governed the territories east of the line. The two countries mostly followed the treaty.
This treaty was an important event during the age of discovery and colonization. Natives did not acknowledge the treaty. The treaty also connected to the discovery doctrine. This doctrine said that European Christians had the right to colonize new lands. It did not matter who lived there first. It only mattered that a Christian first settled there. So the first Christian to settle in land would have a right to that land. Both Portugal and Spain respected this doctrine.
Great Britain (1600) and the Netherlands (1602) soon joined the Portuguese and Spanish in exploring the world at the beginning of the 17th century. With these new countries, the Treaty was broken and more or less 'canceled'. By this time, Portugal's limited resources made it weaker. Portugal could no longer control its Asian colonies. It no longer had trading superiority. In time, the French, Danes, Swedes and later the Americans joined the earlier Europeans in colonizing South and East Asia. Protestantism did not regard the Pope's authority in the treaty.
The Treaty lasted a short time, but had indirect impacts. It changed Spanish and Portuguese exploration of the New World. The treaty in part explains why the Portuguese-speaking part of South America became one country called Brazil. The regions in South America more to the West speak Spanish.The Spanish-speaking colonies split up into many different independent countries including Argentina, Colombia, and many others.
References
15th century in Spain
History of South America
Tordesillas
1494
History of Portugal
Spanish Empire
Portuguese Empire
Saransk

Saransk (; ) is the capital city of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. In 2010 there were 297,415 people living there.
Twin towns - Sister cities
Saransk is twinned with:
Botevgrad, Bulgaria
Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland
Sieradz, Poland
References
Other websites
Official website of the city of Saransk
Capitals of republics of Russia
Vehicle insurance

Vehicle insurance (also called auto insurance or car insurance) is a kind of insurance that protects people if they have a car accident. Somebody with vehicle insurance would not have to pay the entire cost of damage a car accident causes. In many places, it is against the law to drive without vehicle insurance.
The driver pays a premium to the car insurance company. In exchange, the company covers the potential cost of damages and financial loss that are a result of driving.
The bare minimum everyday driver should require to purchase liability coverage. It varies from state to state and it is important to have the minimum amount as required by law. You can receive a ticket, have your driver's license revoked, or even be arrested.
Liability is there to protect the other drivers on the road from the damages you cause.
Insurance prices vary a lot by the company. The car you drive can affect your auto insurance rates. If you get in an accident the repairs on the car may be different from others.
Premium
Somebody with vehicle insurance would pay what is called a premium (perhaps every month). The insurance company would decide how big the premium is and might consider several factors. These include some of the following:
Age
Type of car
Type of job
Gender
Home
History of insurance
Past accidents
When you pay a premium, the insurance company agrees to pay your losses as outlined in your policy. Depending on different factors, the insurance company may not pay all or any of your losses.
References
Insurance
Don Black (white supremacist)

Stephen Donald Black (known simply as Don Black; born July 28, 1953) is an American white supremacist. He is the founder of the anti-Semitic, white supremacist and racist Stormfront internet forum. He was a Grand Wizard in the Ku Klux Klan. He was also a member of American Nazi Party in the 1970s.
In 1999, Black founded the website martinlutherking.org. The website is operated by Stormfront.
On May 5, 2009, Black was banned from entering the United Kingdom because of "promoting serious criminal activity and fostering hatred that might lead to inter-community violence".
Black was born in Athens, Alabama.
References
American activists
People from Alabama
1953 births
Living people
White supremacists
Neo-Nazis
E4 (TV channel)

E4 is a television channel that broadcasts in the United Kingdom. The "E" stands for entertainment, It started on 18 January 2001. On 14 December 2009 E4 started a High Definition version of their channel on Sky+ HD. Channel 4 owns E4.
Programmes they have shown
Rude Tube
Made in Chelsea
Tattoo Fixers
New Girl
Brooklyn Nine Nine
The Inbetweeners
PhoneShop
School of Comedy
Tool Academy
Coach Trip
The 100
Rich Kids of Instagram
2001 establishments in the United Kingdom
British television channels
Channel 4
Counties of Ireland

There are 32 historic counties on the island of Ireland. 26 are in the Republic of Ireland and 6 are in Northern Ireland.
The counties in italics do not have a county council, instead they are have two or more smaller administrative county councils (called districts, in Northern Ireland)
Several large towns are county boroughs. These councils have the same powers and duties of a county council.
county
Lists of counties
John B. Bibb

Lt. John B. Bibb (October 27, 1789, in Prince Edward County, Virginia - April 12, 1840) served in the War of 1812, represented Logan County in the Kentucky House of Representatives and the state Senate from 1827 to 1834.
Lt. Bibb was also an amateur horticulturist and developed the modern Bibb lettuce at his mansion in Frankfort, Kentucky. However, it wasn't offered commercially until 1935.
References
1789 births
1840 deaths
People with foods named after them
Military people from Virginia
Politicians from Kentucky
Politicians from Virginia
Kahaluu, Hawaii

Kahaluu is a small residential area in Honolulu, Hawaii. It has the population of 4,738 residents.
Kahaluu
Hearing test

A hearing test is a check for a person's sense of hearing to measure what kind of sounds they can hear and if they have any hearing loss. There are many types of hearing tests used to understand different things about a person's hearing. Hearing tests are also different for adults and children as well. It is mainly audiologists that do hearing tests and they will know what kind of hearing test a patient needs.
Types of hearing tests
Since hearing loss does not always only make sound quieter and may make sound less clear too, there are many different hearing tests to use to understand what kind of hearing loss a person has.
Pure Tone Audiometry - the most common type of hearing test. A patient will listen to different sounds which are called pure tones. These sounds will be in different frequencies and softest sounds that can be heard are recorded. The two types of pure tone audiometry are air and bone conduction. If the results from these tests are different, this means that there is a problem with the outer and middle ear.
Air Conduction - a type of tone test that uses earphones placed inside the ear
Bone Conduction - a type of tone test that uses a small vibrator placed behind the ear that sends sound through the skull into the inner ear
Speech Recognition Test - used to measure how much a person can understand speech which it is at a normal noise level by making them repeat words that are heard. This tests how clear sound is
Hearing In Noise Test - similar to the speech recognition test, it is done by making the patient repeat words they hear. This will happen both in a quiet space as well as a noisy space and sound will come from different directions
Tympanogram - a small instrument is placed inside the ear and air is pumped in to change the air pressure. This test will show if there is a problem with the middle ear or ear drum
Acoustic Reflex Measures - test to find where the hearing problem is. The middle ear has a muscle that moves when there is loud sound. Measuring how loud sounds are before it stops moving can give information on where the hearing problem is in the ear.
Static Acoustic Impedance - measures how much air is inside the ear canal. Can tell if ear drum has a hole in it
Auditory Brainstem Response - tests the inner ear and brain. Electrodes are used to measure brain activity when sound is present.
Hearing
Lost Without Your Love (song)

"Lost Without Your Love" is a 1976 song by Bread and is the title track to their sixth and final studio album Lost Without Your Love. It went to number 9 in the United States, number 8 in Canada, number 19 in Australia, number 27 in the United Kingdom and number 23 in New Zealand.
References
1976 songs
Bread (band) songs
Soft rock songs
Schlieffen Plan

The Schlieffen Plan was a strategic plan made by Count Alfred Graf von Schlieffen (Born ; 28 February 1833 : Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, German Confederation-Died ; 4 January 1913 : Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, Germany) who worked for the German navy . It was made for the army of the German Empire in 1905. It was designed for a war between France on one side and the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Italy on the other. Germany and their allies would invade France through Belgium, instead of directly attacking. With help from allies, Germany would have just enough men to beat France in a few months. Alfred Graf Von Schliffen worked for the Prussian Army from 1853-1871 in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the Franco-Prussian War from 1870-1871 during the Unification of Germany . He later worked in the Imperial German Army from 1871-1906 and was chief from 1891-1906 he died in 1913 aged 79 .
When Schlieffen retired in 1906, and the WW1 came up 9 years later, in August 1914, the German officers and tactic leaders dug up the plan that Schlieffen had made and thought that the plan would work like it would in Schlieffen's hypothetical war. However, the plan didn't work, because the plan was outdated and things had changed a lot within the decade.
Even though he did not have enough men to beat France, Moltke still attacked France through Belgium. He did this because he thought attacking was always better than defending. Moltke was sure that the Russo-Japanese War proved this because Japan always attacked, and Japan won.
Schlieffen believed that defending was usually better than attacking. Schlieffen said that a defender's men can ride trains to a place faster than an attacker's men can walk there. This meant that the defender would always have enough men to stop the attacker. Schlieffen also said that trenches, machine guns, and barbed wire would help the defender a lot. Schlieffen was right. In WWI, defense was always better until attackers used lots of artillery to help their infantry.
A similar idea to the Schlieffen Plan was used by Hitler's generals Erich Von Manstein and Heinz Guderian in World War II. In that war, Germany invaded France by attacking Belgium and The Netherlands. Because in the Schlieffen Plan Germany attacked mostly through northern Belgium, France thought Germany would do this again. France put most of her soldiers in north Belgium. But Germany invaded mostly through South Belgium. German troops marched to the sea and trapped half of the French Army in northern Belgium. Because the trapped French troops were starving and could not get any more food, they surrendered. France tried to continue fighting but was too weak to resist and surrendered.
References
World War I
National Academy of Sciences

National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is United States corporation whose members serve as advisers to the nation on science. New members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research.
The National Academy of Sciences is part of the United States National Academies, which also includes:
National Academy of Engineering (NAE)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)
United States National Research Council (NRC)
The NAS is running 21-month project which will study how humans might influence weather patterns, assess dangers and investigate possible national security implications of climate geoengineering attempts to mitigate global warming. The project is funded by the CIA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and NASA.
Other websites
National Academy of Sciences: About the NAS
Notes
1863 establishments in the United States
Scientific organizations based in the United States
Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate

Al-Qadisiyyah () is a province in south of Iraq. The capital is Al Diwaniyah.
Provinces of Iraq
Izu Islands

The Izu islands are a group of small Japanese islands south of Tokyo. Nine of them have people living there. The largest is Oshima.
Other websites
Map and travel info
Islands of Japan
Tokyo Prefecture
Halt and Catch Fire

Halt and Catch Fire is an American historical drama television series. It was shown on television channel AMC in the United States from June 1, 2014, to October 14, 2017. The series had 40 episodes and 4 seasons. Main actors of the program include Lee Pace, Scoot McNairy, Mackenzie Davis.
References
American drama television series
2014 American television series debuts
2017 American television series endings
Efate

Efate is an island that belongs to the country of Vanuatu in the Pacific Ocean. It belongs to Vanuatu's Shefa Province. The island is also called Ile Vate. Port Vila, the capital of Vanuatu, is in Efate.
Geography
Efate has the most people out of every other island in Vanuatu (about 66000 people live here). The island is 899.5 square kilometers, which makes it Vanuatu's third largest island. Most people on this island live in Port Vila, which is Vanuatu's capital. The highest place on this island is Mount McDonald. The mountain is 647 meters tall (or 2123 feet).
History
In 1774, Captain James Cook discovered the island and named it Sandwich Island.
During World War II, the island was an important United States military base. On March 13, 2015, Cyclone Pam strongly damaged Port Vila.
Coordinates on Wikidata
Islands of Oceania
Vanuatu
Nelumbo

Nelumbo is a genus of water plants which are also known as lotus. Lotus flowers are large - up to 20 cm (8 inches) across - and they smell sweet.
The Sacred lotus of Asia has pink flowers. The American lotus has yellow flowers.
In India the lotus is considered a symbol of purity
The lotus flowers grow over the water. Lotus leaves often float on top of the water. The roots of lotus plants are in the mud (wet dirt) under the water. Every part of every plant must have air for respiration (breathing). Air spaces in the stems and roots make the lotus able to live and respire under water.
People can eat lotus roots and seeds. Cattle (cows) like to eat the leaves and flowers.
Lotuses look rather like water lilies from the Nymphaeaceae family. It is the "National flower" of both India and Vietnam and also the "Provincial flower" of Sindh province, Pakistan.
Proteales
Plants of Pakistan
National symbols of India
Aquatic plants
The White Guard

The White Guard () is a novel by the 20th century Ukrainian writer Mikhail Bulgakov. His later work The Master and Margarita brought him posthumous fame.
History
The White Guard first appeared in serial form in the Soviet-era literary journal Rossiya in 1925, but the magazine was closed down before the serial was completed. It was not reprinted in Russia until 1966.
The Day of the Turbins
After the first two parts of The White Guard were published in Rossiya, Bulgakov was invited to write a version for the stage. He called the play The Days of the Turbins. This was produced at the Moscow Art Theatre, to great acclaim:
"The Day of the Turbins... became a theater legend... The production ran from 1926 to 1941, it had 987 performances... Stalin... saw it no fewer than 20 times".
In fact, the play completely overshadowed the book, which was in any event virtually unobtainable in any form.
Since Bulgakov was refused permission to publish his most important works, he pleaded with Stalin to be allowed to leave the country. Stalin personally arranged for a job for him at the Moscow Arts Theatre. Bulgakov was still writing and re-writing his uncompleted novel, The Master And Margarita, when he died in 1940.
His widow had The White Guard published in large part in the literary journal Moskva in 1966, at the end of the Krushchev era. This was the basis for the English translation by Michael Glenny published in 1971 (New York: McGraw-Hill; London: Collins; reissued 2005 by Academy Chicago Publishers. This lacks the dream flashback sections. In 2008 Yale University Press published a translation by Marian Schwartz of the complete novel, an edition which won an award.
The novel
Set in the Ukraine, beginning in late 1918, the novel concerns the fate of the Turbin family as the various armies of the Russian Civil War the Whites, the Reds, the Imperial German Army, and Ukrainian nationalists - fight over the city of Kiev. Historical figures such as Petlyura and Pavlo Skoropadsky appear as the Turbin family is caught up in the effects of the October Revolution.
English translations
translated by Michael Glenny, London, HarperCollins/Havill, 1971; New York: McGraw-Hill 1971; London, Fontana 1973;
translated by Marian Schwartz, Introduction by Dobrenko, Evgeny: Yale University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-300-15145-9
Autobiographical elements
The novel contains many autobiographical elements. Bulgakov gave the younger Turbin brother some of the characteristics of his own younger brother. The description of the house of the Turbins is that of the house of the Bulgakov family in Kiev. (Today it is preserved and operated as the Mikhail Bulgakov Museum).
References
1966 books
Russian novels
20th-century plays
Books by Mikhail Bulgakov
1929 books
Luc Bondy

Luc Bondy (17 July 194828 November 2015) was a Swiss theatre and movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Zurich, Switzerland. He was the director of the most recent version of Tosca, by Puccini, at the Metropolitan Opera in New York.
Bondy died in Zurich at the age of 67.
References
Other websites
1948 births
2015 deaths
Swiss screenwriters
Swiss movie directors
People from Zurich
Swiss theatre directors
Berwick Rangers F.C.

Berwick Rangers F.C. is a football club. They play in Scotland.
References
Scottish football clubs
1881 establishments in the United Kingdom
1880s establishments in Scotland
Lego Star Wars III: The Clone Wars

Lego Star Wars III: The Clone Wars is a 2011 action-adventure LEGO video game based on the Star Wars: Clone Wars shows. It was released on March 22, 2011 by TT Games.
The next Lego Star Wars game is Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2016).
Gameplay
Clone troopers and droids can command armies.
2011 video games
Nintendo 3DS games
Nintendo DS games
PlayStation 3 games
Lego video games
Star Wars games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Wii games
Naqsh-e Rajab

Naqsh-e Rajab (, ) is an archaeological site just west of Istakhr and about 5 km north of Persepolis in Fars Province, Iran.
References
Other websites
Archaeological sites in Asia
Fars Province
History of Persia
African dwarf kingfisher

The dwarf kingfisher (Ispidina lecontei) is a species of bird in the Alcedinidae family. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, and Uganda.
References
Birds of Africa
Coraciiformes
Chierry

Chierry is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Run-DMC

Run-DMC (also spelled Run-D.M.C.) was an American hip hop group based in Queens, New York. The group was founded in 1983 by Joseph Simmons, Darryl McDaniels, and Jason Mizell.
Run-DMC is thought to be one of the most important acts in the history of hip hop culture. The group was one of the most famous hip hop acts of the 1980s.
Along with LL Cool J and Public Enemy, the group pioneered new school hip hop music.
The group was among the first to highlight the importance of the MC and DJ relationship.
The group ended when Mizell was killed in 2002.
Accomplishments
The group achieved a number of notable firsts in hip hop music history. They are credited with being the act most responsible for pushing hip hop into mainstream popular music, initiating its musical and artistic evolution and enabling its growth as a global phenomenon. Run-DMC is the first rap act to have reached a number of major accomplishments:
A hip hop album that reached number 1 on the R&B chart
The second hip hop act to appear on American Bandstand (the first being the Sugar Hill Gang in 1981)
The first hip hop act to chart in the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 more than once
The first hip hop artist with a Top 10 pop charting rap album
One of the first hip hop artists with Gold, Platinum, and multi-Platinum albums
The first hip hop act to appear on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine
One of the first hip hop acts to receive a Grammy Award nomination
The first hip hop act to make a video appearance on MTV
The first hip hop act to perform at a major arena
Signed to a major product endorsement deal (Adidas)
The second hip hop act to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (the first being Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five)
Discography
Studio albums
Run-D.M.C. released 7 studio albums:
References
1981 establishments in New York (state)
2000s disestablishments in New York (state)
2002 disestablishments in the United States
Musical groups from New York City
Musicians from Queens
Hip hop bands
Musical groups established in 1981
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
Supercarrier

A Supercarrier is a type of Aircraft carrier that is really big. Supercarriers generally weigh over 70,000 tons, or 63,502,932 kilograms.
Military aviation
Warships
Francistown

Francistown is the second largest city in Botswana. It has a population of about 100,079 and 150,800 since 2011.
Cities in Botswana
Pomeroy, Ohio

Pomeroy is a village in Ohio in the United States. It is the county seat of Meigs County.
Villages in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
Bernhardswald

Bernhardswald is a municipality in Regensburg in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Regensburg (district)
Wells, Vermont

Wells is a town in Rutland County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Jeanne Mance Award

Jeanne Mance Award is a biannual award, awarded to nurses who has contributed greatly to health in Canada. It is Canada's most prestigious award for nurses.
References
Awards
Chamber of Deputies (Tunisia)

The Chamber of Deputies ( Majlis an-Nuwwab, ) was the lower chamber of the Parliament of Tunisia, the bicameral legislative branch of the government of Tunisia. It has 214 seats and members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms. The last election to the Chamber of Deputies was held in October 2009.
After the Tunisian Revolution of 2011, the Chamber of Deputies was replaced by the Assembly of the Representatives of the People as Tunisia's legislature.
References
Tunisia
Tunisia
Ángela Ponce

Angel Mario Ponce Camacho ( Angela Maria Ponce Camacho) is a Spanish model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won Miss Spain 2018. Ponce made history on June 29, 2018, when she became the first openly out transgender woman to ever be crowned Miss Spain. She represented Spain at Miss Universe 2018, where she became the first openly out transgender contestant competing for the title. She was born in Pilas, Spain.
References
1991 births
Living people
LGBT models
Spanish models
Transgender people
Southern American English

Southern American English (aka Southern U.S. English or Southern drawl) is a group of American English dialects used in the Southern United States. Southern English is usually used in Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Georgia and parts of Florida. Modern day Southern English dialects have been used in states including Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska, southern Iowa, south central Indiana, southern Ohio and Kansas.
The dialects are also used in some parts of the Mid-Atlantic States.
In Southern English, people use terms like ain't, you was,fixin to (rather than going to), been (rather than have been) and that there.
Features of most southern accents include
glide-deletion- the conversion of the ai dipthong into a monothong
drawling and\or vowel breaking
pen\pin merger
Varieties include
The Tidewater Accent
Charleston English
Appalachian English
Texan English
New Orleans English
High Tider
Boontling English
References
American English
David M. Friedman

David Melech Friedman (born August 8, 1958) is an American bankruptcy lawyer. He was the United States Ambassador to Israel from 2017 until 2021.
Friedman joined the law firm Kasowitz, Benson, Torres & Friedman (then known as Kasowitz, Hoff, Benson & Torres) in 1994, where he met and represented Donald Trump, then chairman and president of The Trump Organization. He served as an advisor to Trump during his successful presidential campaign.
In December 2016, President-elect Trump announced that he was nominee for ambassador to Israel. His nomination was met with support from conservative Israeli and Jewish American activist groups, and opposition from liberal advocacy organizations, particularly J Street.
Friedman was confirmed by the full Senate on March 23 with a 52-46 vote and officially sworn in by Vice President Mike Pence on March 29.
References
1958 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Israel
Lawyers from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Columbia University alumni
Jewish American politicians
Jewish businesspeople
Jewish lawyers
New York University alumni
Politicians from New York City
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Chai Chidchob

Chai Chidchob (, ; 5 April 1928 - 24 January 2020) was a Thai politician. He was born in Surin Province. He served as the Speaker of the House of Representatives and President of the National Assembly from 2008 to 2011.
Chidchob died on 24 January 2020 in Buriram Province. He was 92.
References
1928 births
2020 deaths
Presidents of the National Assembly of Thailand
Speakers of the House of Representatives (Thailand)
Terry Nichols

Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) is a U.S. Army veteran who was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh, the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, April 19, 1995), which killed 168 people.
References
1955 births
Living people
Military people from Michigan
American murderers
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
American terrorists
Arsonists
Carpenters
Criminals from Michigan
Terunobu Fujimori

is a Japanese architect and historian of architecture. He was born 21 November 1946 in Miyakawa-mura, Suwa-gun, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. That place is now part of Chino-shi. He has taught at several Japanese universities including: Tohoku University, Tokyo University, and Kogakuin University. He was a visiting scholar at Tohoku University of Art and Design. He is professor emeritus at Tokyo University. Fujimori is especially interested in the history of modern Japanese architecture and natural design. He is known for using shapes from nature for his designs.
Biography
He graduated from the architecture department at the faculty of engineering of Tohoku University in 1971. Then he went for graduate study at Tokyo University. In 1979, he finished his dissertation "Historical Research on City Planning in the Meiji Era" and got his PhD.
In 1986 he won the Suntory Arts Prize for his book "Adventures of an Architectural Detective-Tokyo Edition" (Jian Zhu Tan Zhen noMou Xian Dong Jing Pian in Japanese). That year, he also one of the first members of the "Roadside Observation" art group (Lu Shang Guan Cha Xue Hui in Japanese) with the artist Genpei Akasegawa and the illustrator and manga artist Shinpo Minami.
In 2001, he finished a dormitory for the Kumamoto Prefectural University of Agriculture. That dormitory won an architecture prize. Fujimori was a commissioner for the 10th Venice Biennale in 2006. He also directed a TV series for Fuji TV.
In 2010, Fujimori retired from the University of Tokyo and joined Kogakuin University.
Books
Fujimori has written many books about architecture. Some describe his projects. Others are books of architectural history. He has published more than 25 books of his own. He has edited or written more than a dozen books with other writers.
Projects
Fujimori often works with Shoushi Uchida or Nobumichi Oshima. Some of his projects are listed below.
Jinchokan Moriya Historical Museum - 1991 - Chino, Nagano
Dandelion House - 1995 - Kokubunji, Tokyo
Nira House (Genpei Akasegawa House) - 1997 - Machida, Tokyo
Lone Pine House - 1998 - Fukuoka City
The Forum - Niigata Prefecture Myoukou City
Niwase Family Tomb - 2003 - Kamakura, Kanagawa (with Nobumichi Oshima)
Teahouse Tetsu - 2006 - Hokuto City, Yamanashi Prefecture
Chocolate House - 2009 - Kokubunji, Tokyo
Roof House - 2009 - Shiga Prefecture
Gallery
References
Living people
1946 births
Japanese architects
People from Nagano Prefecture
Rosaceae

Rosaceae (rose-like plants) is a large family of plants. There are about 100-120 genera with between 3,000 and 4,000 species in them. Well-known plants from the family include:
Roses
Strawberries
Raspberries
Apples, and Pears
Peaches, Cherries, and Apricots
Plants in Rosaceae usually have flowers with five petals. However, some decorative roses have many more. Species of Dryas usually have eight petals.
Subfamilies
The Rosaceae family has been divided into subfamilies; usually the following four subfamilies are used:
Rosoideae
Spiraeoideae
Maloideae
Amygdaloideae (sometimes incorrectly called Prunoideae)
However, it has become clear that the last three of these subfamilies cannot be divided in a clear way. Also, there is a small group that is so different from other Rosaceae, that it is now given its own name. Botanists now use only three subfamilies in Rosaceae:
Rosoideae
Amygdaloideae
Dryadoideae
Rosaceae
Montigny-en-Gohelle

Montigny-en-Gohelle is a commune in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in north France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Hanae Mori

was a Japanese fashion designer. She was the first Asian woman to be honored as an official haute couture design house by the Federation francaise de la couture in France. She was honored with the Order of Culture (Japan) in 1996.
Mori died on 11 August 2022 at her home in Tokyo, Japan from cardiopulmonary arrest at the age of 96.
References
1926 births
2022 deaths
Japanese fashion designers
Deaths from cardiopulmonary arrest
Japanese businesspeople
Citroën C15

The Citroen C15 is a light utility car. It was designed and built in France by Citroen. It was built between 1984 and 2005.
Citroen automobiles
Etsuko Inada

was a Japanese athlete. She was best known as a figure skater.
Inada won the Japan Figure Skating Championships seven times.
Inada was a member of the Japan national team at the 1936 Winter Olympics. At age 12, She was the youngest Japanese competitor in all Olympic games.
Competitive highlights
Winter Olympic Games, 1936
World Figure Skating Championships, 1936
European Figure Skating Championships, 1936
Japan Figure Skating Championships, 1934-1935, 1936-1951
Other websites
Sports in Japan
Japan at the Olympics
References
People from Osaka
1924 births
2003 deaths
Japanese figure skaters