pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pneumothorax

Pneumothorax (sometimes called "collapsed lung") is a health problem where air or gas is in the pleural space (the space between the lung and the pleura). The pleura is a slim membrane that covers the lungs. The two parts of the pleura usually touch. A hole might grow in the surface of the lung. Air then enters between the pleura and the lung. The lung will collapse. If enough air gets into the pleural space, it can also push against other organs or parts in the chest, like the heart or the aorta. Pneumothorax is a medical emergency.
There are two main types of pneumothorax. These are a Closed Pneumothorax, and an Open Pneumothorax. These are also known as Simple Pneumothorax and Complex Pneumothorax.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of Pneumothorax are chest pains. The chest pains can be sharp, dull, or stabbing. Some other symptoms of Pneumothorax are shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and coughing.
Causes
A Pneumothorax can occur for no obvious reason (spontaneous). It is typically men who are tall (or perhaps have long torsos), between the ages of 20 and 40 who present a spontaneous pneumothorax.
Small air blisters (blebs) can develop on the top of the surface of the lungs. These blebs sometimes burst -- allowing air to leak into the pleural space that surrounds the lungs, causing the lung to collapse.
Otherwise, it can be caused by blunt or penetrating injuries or lung diseases that result in the lung leaking air into the pleural cavity.
Consuming cannabis via smoking is also related to victims of a pneumothorax.
Treatment
Simple Pneumothorax will heal by itself. Complex pneumothorax will need medical attention. One should treat respiratory problems as soon as they occur.
Closed pneumothorax
Closed pneumothorax is when air or gas gets in the pleural space without any outside wound. This sometimes happens when the lung is already injured somehow, like from diseases such as cancer or cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a disease in the lungs. Glands in the body make large amounts of thick mucus. The mucus blocks ducts and passageways.
The most common cause of closed pneumothorax is called spontaneous pneumothorax. The cause of spontaneous pneumothorax is not known.
Open pneumothorax
Open pneumothorax is when air gets into the pleural space from an injury to the chest. This can happen with stab wounds, like from a knife. It can also happen after a gunshot injury. The injury is most dangerous if the wound lets air in when the injured person (or animal) breathes, but does not let it back out. Sometimes this is called a "sucking chest wound."
References
Respiratory system
2021 Baltimore Ravens season

The 2021 season was the Baltimore Ravens' 26th season in the National Football League and their fourteenth under head coach John Harbaugh.
Draft
Regular season
Schedule
The Ravens' 2021 schedule was announced on May 12.
Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.
Standings
Division
Conference
2021 National Football League season by team
Baltimore Ravens
Door Steyaert

Isidorus (Door) Steyaert (28 December 1936 Leopoldsburg - 4 October 2021 Pelt) was a Belgian politician for the Christian People's Party, and then the Christian Democratic and Flemish party.
Life
From 1971 to 2000, he was mayor of Leopoldsburg (also called 't Kamp). He was then given the title of honorary mayor.
He was a member of the city council for 53 years. However, since 1976, Heppen has also been part of the municipality of Leopoldsburg as a borough. He also became the first merger mayor.
Steyaert died at the age of 84 in a hospital in Pelt.
References
1936 births
2021 deaths
Otto, Wyoming

Otto is an unincorporated community in Big Horn County in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It was named for Otto Franc, a local cattle baron who ranched in the Big Horn Basin.
Unincorporated communities in Wyoming
Big Horn County, Wyoming
Oneonta, Alabama

Oneonta is a city in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 5,576. The city is the county seat of Blount County. Oneonta is home to the Covered Bridge Festival.
History
Oneonta became the county seat in 1889 when it was moved from Blountsville.
During World War II, a small POW camp was outside of Oneonta.
City government
The city government is made up a Mayor and a five-person city council.
References
Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Francis Octavius Grenfell

Francis Octavius Grenfell, VC (4 September 1880 - 24 May 1915) was an English soldier of British Army. He received the Victoria Cross. The cross is the highest award for bravery against the enemy, and can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Family
Grenfell was born on 4 September 1880. His parents were Sophia and Pascoe Du Pre Grenfell. He was one of fifteen children. He had a twin brother, Riversdale Grenfell. He was also in the 9th Lancers and killed in action in September 1914. Admiral John Pascoe Grenfell was their grandfather. Field Marshal Francis Grenfell, 1st Baron Grenfell was their uncle. An older brother, Lieutenant Robert Septimus Grenfell, 21st Lancers, was killed in a cavalry charge during the Battle of Omdurman in 1898. Three other brothers, Cecil Grenfell, Howard Maxwell Grenfell and Arthur Morton Grenfell all reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army. A cousin, Lieutenant Claude George Grenfell was killed at Spion Kop during the Boer War. Two other cousins Julian Grenfell (the poet) and his brother Gerald William Grenfell were killed in the First World War.
Grenfell was a representative cricket player at Eton collage. He joined the army in 1900 and first served in the Second Boer War in the King's Royal Rifle Corps.
Victoria Cross
Later, he served in First World War in the 9th Lancers, British Army. He was 33 years old and a Captain, when he was awarded the VC for the following brave deed.
On 24 August 1914 at Audregnies, Belgium, Captain Grenfell rode with the regiment in a charge against a large body of unbroken German infantry. Damages of friendly army were so heavy, and Grenfell was left as the senior officer. When he was reorganizing the regiment behind a railway bank, he was twice hit and severely wounded. But once he was asked to save the guns by Major Ernest Wright Alexander of the 119th Battery, Royal Field Artillery, Grenfell and some volunteers helped to push the guns out of range of enemy fire, under a shower of bullets.
London Gazette on 16 September 1914 wrote as follows:
He was killed in action on 24 May 1915 and is buried in the Vlamertinghe Military Cemetery.
Legacy
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of the 9th/12th Royal Lancers housed in Derby Museum and Art Gallery, Derby, England.
Polo
All nine of the Grenfell brothers were expert polo players. Francis and his brother Riversdale Grenfell were regarded as the best in the family. Francis was rated at an 8 goal handicap. The twin brothers were on the Ranelagh team that won the American Open. And they were on the team Freebooters, alongside Leopold Christian Duncan Jenner and the Duke of Roxburghe, that won the Hurlingham Champion Cup.
References
Other websites
- (biography)
1880 births
1915 deaths
People from Surrey
Twin people from the United Kingdom
Hungerford

Hungerford is a market town and civil parish in West Berkshire, Berkshire, England. In 2011, there were 5,767 people living in Hungerford.
Towns in Berkshire
Market towns in England
Civil parishes in Berkshire
Oedipus Rex (1967 movie)

Oedipus Rex (Edipo re) is a 1967 Italian drama movie directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini and was based on the 428BC play of the same name by Sophocles. It stars Silvana Mangano, Franco Citti, Alida Valli, Luciano Bartoli, Carmelo Bene and was distributed by Arco Film.
References
Other websites
1967 drama movies
Italian drama movies
Moroccan movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini
Italian-language movies
Incest in movies
Sleeper hit

A sleeper hit is a movie, song, video game, or other entertainment release that was not successful when it was released, but later on became a success. A sleeper hit may have little to no promotion. It also might not have had a successful launch until a fan of the sleeper hit gathers its attention by advertising it. Because of this its popularity increased.
References
Entertainment
North Holland

North Holland is a province (area with a local government) of the Netherlands. It is in the northwest. The capital is called Haarlem. Other cities in the province are Amsterdam, Hilversum, Alkmaar, Zaandam, and Hoorn. About 2,888,000 people are living in North Holland (2021).
Other websites
Jacques Delelienne

Jacques Delelienne was a athlete from Belgium. Delelienne competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born on 25 November 1928 and died on 3 February 2020.
References
Other websites
1928 births
2020 deaths
Belgian athletes
Belgian Olympians
High jumpers
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim

TSG 1899 Hoffenheim is a football club based in Hoffenheim, a suburb of Sinsheim, Baden-Wurttemberg. They play in the German Bundesliga In the year 2000 they played in the 5th division but in 2008 they promoted to the Bundesliga. It was possible with the financial help of the software mogul Dietmar Hopp, who had played in the club's youth system. The financial help was widely criticized by other clubs, fans and by some in the German press. The most important points were the lack of tradition and the small fan base. Hoffenheim has only 3,300 inhabitants, and Sinsheim, where they play their home games, has only about 35,000 residents.
.
Honors
The club's honours:
League
2. Bundesliga
Runners-up: 2008
Fussball-Regionalliga
Runners-up: 2007
Oberliga Baden-Wurttemberg (IV)
Champions: 2001
Runners-up: 2010++
Verbandsliga Nordbaden (V)
Champions: 2000
Runners-up: 2003++
Cup
North Baden Cup
Winners: (4) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005
Runners-up: 2007
Youth
'German Under 17 championship
Champions: 2008
U17 Bundesliga South/Southwest
Champions: 2008
Runners-up: 2011
++ Won by reserve team.
Current squad
Players out on loan
Staff
First team
Coaching history
Recent coaches of the club:
*As caretaker coach.
References
Fussball-Bundesliga
German football clubs
Sport in Baden-Wurttemberg
1899 establishments in Germany
Elitettan

Elitettan is the second highest division of women's soccer in Sweden. It was created in 2013. The season runs from April to October.
References
2013 establishments in Sweden
Women's football
Football in Sweden
Mom at Sixteen

Mom at Sixteen is a 2005 American made-for-TV movie. It is about a sixteen year old mother, Jacey Jeffries (Danielle Panabaker) in high school.
The story
Jeffries is hiding the fact that she is the mother of Charley, the baby. Charley is the teen's mother's responsibility. When Jeffries goes to swimming practice and takes her migrane medicine, she faints because of the side affects of the medicine. While thinking she is being taken to the delivery room, she asks if her baby is okay while other students are around. Her classmates and teacher soon find out about Charley. Jeffries is teased by the other students. She decides give up the baby to the foster home at the end, and Charley finds a new home.
Cast
Other websites
2005 movies
2000s teen drama movies
American teen drama movies
English-language movies
Manuel Belgrano

Manuel Jose Joaquin del Corazon de Jesus Belgrano (3 June 1770 - 20 June 1820) was an Argentine lawyer, general, politician, economist and journalist. He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His parents were Domenico Belgrano Peri, he was Italian; and Maria Josefa Gonzalez Casero, she was born in Buenos Aires but her family was from Santiago del Estero. He had 8 brothers and 7 sisters. His children were called Pedro Rosas y Belgrano and Manuela Monica Belgrano. He studied Laws in Salamanca and Valladolid. He also studied Latin, Philosophy and Theology.
He was a member of the "Primera Junta" and he participated in May Revolution. He created the Flag of Argentina on 27 February,1812. He was a great defender of colonialism and freedom of expression. He fought in the wars of Independence against the Spanish Army. He met Jose de San Martin, who became Commander in Chief of the Army of the North in January, 1814.
1770 births
1820 deaths
Argentine generals
Argentine lawyers
Writers from Buenos Aires
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
Politicians from Buenos Aires
Scientists from Buenos Aires
Quadrangular space

The quadrangular space is an area in the arm. It is between the following:
above: subscapularis in front, teres minor behind
teres major
long head of triceps
surgical neck of humerus
The axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery are in the space.
Limbs and extremities
Soultz-sous-Forêts

Soultz-sous-Forets is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Ghost Stories

Ghost Stories is the sixth hit studio album by rock-pop band Coldplay. The singles "Magic", "Midnight", "A Sky Full of Stars", "True Love" and "Ink"are featured in the album . The album was released in Summer 2014.
Track listings
Original track list forGhost Stories
"Always in My Head"
"Magic"
"Ink"
"True Love"
"Midnight"
"Another's Arms"
"Oceans"
"A Sky Full of Stars"
"O"
Bonus track
"All Your Friends"
"Ghost Story"
"O (Reprise)"
Coldplay albums
2014 albums
Wario World

Wario World is a platform/beat 'em up video game published by Nintendo and developed by Treasure. It is Wario's first starring appearance on a home game console. It is a part of the Wario game series. It was only released for the Nintendo GameCube.
It was released on June 20, 2003 in Europe, June 23, 2003 in North America, July 10, 2003 in Australasia, and on May 27, 2004 in Japan. The game is about Wario trying to get back his treasure and his castle from an evil gem called Black Jewel.
Reception
IGN rated the game a 7.1 out of 10, saying it had "some great control mechanics and inventive level work"
GameSpot gave the game a 6.4 out of 10 and said "The game certainly contains a lot of the same Wario charm that makes his GBA appearances so memorable, but the final product is too short and simplistic to hold your attention for more than a day."
References
Other websites
Official website
2003 video games
3D platform games
Nintendo GameCube-only games
Video games developed in Japan
Wario
Collimated light

Collimated light is light whose rays are parallel. This light spreads slowly as it travels. The word collimated is related to collinear, because all the rays in collimated light line up with each other.
Perfectly collimated light would not spread out with distance at all. No real light is perfectly collimated. Real light will spread a little as it travels. Diffraction prevents anyone from creating a perfectly collimated beam.
Light can be roughly collimated by using a collimator - a device which narrows a beam of particles or waves.
Etymology
The word "collimate" comes from the Latin verb collimare, which originated in a misreading of collineare, "to direct in a straight line".
Sources
Lasers
Laser light from crystal and some gas lasers is highly collimated because it is formed in an optical cavity between two parallel mirrors, in addition to being coherent. The divergence of high-quality laser beams is commonly less than 1 milliradian, and can be much less for large-diameter beams. Laser diodes emit less collimated light due to their short cavity, and therefore higher collimation requires a collimating lens.
Synchrotron light
Synchrotron light is very collimated. It is produced by bending relativistic electrons around a circular track.
Distant sources
The light from stars (other than the Sun) can be considered collimated for almost any purpose, because they are so far away they have almost no angular size.
Lenses and mirrors
A perfect parabolic mirror will bring parallel rays to a focus at a single point. Conversely, a point source at the focus of a parabolic mirror will produce a beam of collimated light. Since the source needs to be small, such an optical system cannot produce much optical power. Spherical mirrors are easier to make than parabolic mirrors and they are often used to produce approximately collimated light. Many types of lenses can also produce collimated light from point-like sources.
References
Pfister, J. & Kneedler, J.A. (s.d.). A guide to lasers in the OR.
Optics
Astronomy
Ealing Art College

Ealing Art College was a school of higher education. It was on St Mary's Road, in Ealing, London, England. The art school began in 1957.
In the early 1960s, the School of Art taught fashion design, graphic design, photography, music and art. The college was attended by Freddie Mercury, Ronnie Wood and Pete Townshend, who later became famous rock music performers. There was also a School of Liberal Arts. It taught language courses in French, Spanish, German and Russian.
On the campus site now is the University of West London.
Notable musicians
Pete Townshend - lead guitarist of The Who
Freddie Mercury - lead singer of Queen
Roger Ruskin Spear - saxophone and theremin player in The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band
Ronnie Wood - guitarist with The Faces and The Rolling Stones
References
Colleges and universities in London
Ealing
Music schools
1957 establishments in the United Kingdom
1950s establishments in England
Fred Astaire

Fred Astaire, born Frederick Austerlitz (10 May 1899 - 22 June 1987), was an American dancer,
actor, singer, choreographer and
presenter. He was the most famous stage, movie and television dancer of his day.
Life
Astaire started dancing on the stage with his sister Adele, and when she married he started a movie partnership with Ginger Rogers. After that, he danced with a succession of talented American dancers on movie and on television. He appeared in 32 movies. His movie partners included Eleanor Powell, Ann Miller, Vera-Ellen, Cyd Charisse: all high-class dancers, and on TV with Barrie Chase. Their An evening with Fred Astaire won nine Emmy Awards in 1958.
Many male dancers of the 20th century were influenced by him, and said so. He owed a lot to the choreography of Hermes Pan, but even more to his own perfectionism and relentless practice.
Astaire was also an excellent actor, and a successful, though personally modest, singer. He introduced some of the most celebrated songs from the Great American Songbook. He married Phyllis Potter in 1933; they had two children. After her death, he remarried in 1980 to Robyn Smith, a female jockey 45 years his junior.
Sources
Astaire, Fred. Steps in Time, 1959,
Billman, Larry. Fred Astaire -- a bio-bibliography, Greenwood Press 1997,
Freeland, Michael. Fred Astaire: an illustrated biography, Grosset & Dunlap, 1976.
Thomas, Bob. Astaire, the man, the dancer. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1985.
Other websites
(Astaire is the first biographical entry in the IMDB database.)
Fred Astaire biography at Allmovie Guide
Fred Astaire tribute site.
Fred Astaire biography at AlsoDances.Net
Time.com: The Great American Flyer Fred Astaire:1899-1987
Time Magazine archive: Astaire essay by Richard Corliss
Astaire's religious views incl. many extracts from his biographers
Ava Astaire discusses her father's legacy. (BBC Television - Realplayer required)
Fred Astaire at Find-A-Grave
"He's in Heaven..." - In Memoriam Fred Astaire
1899 births
1987 deaths
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Actors from Omaha, Nebraska
American dancers
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Infectious disease deaths in Los Angeles
Kennedy Center honorees
Singers from Nebraska
Željko Šturanović

Zeljko Sturanovic (; 31 January 1960 - 30 June 2014) was a Montenegrin politician and lawyer. He was a member of the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (DPSCG). He was the Prime Minister of Montenegro from 10 November 2006 to 29 February 2008. He stepped down from the job because of health reasons.
Sturanovic was born in Niksic, People's Republic of Montenegro, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (now Montenegro). He studied at the University of Montenegro Faculty of Law.
Sturanovic died from lung cancer on 30 June 2014, aged 54. His wife and two children outlived him.
References
Other websites
Zeljko Sturanovic at Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (DPSCG)
1960 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Lawyers
Prime Ministers of Montenegro
Leadership of East Germany

The political leadership of East Germany was in the hands of several offices.
Leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED)
|-align="center"
! colspan=7|Joint Chairmen of the Socialist Unity Party
|-align="center"
! colspan=7| General Secretary of the Central Committee
|-align="center"
! colspan=7| (Honorary) Chairman of the Central Committee
On 1 December 1989, the People's Chamber removed the section of the East German Constitution granting the SED a monopoly of power--thus ending Communist rule in East Germany. Before the month was out, the SED transformed from a Leninist cadre party into a democratic socialist party, renaming itself first to Socialist Unity Party -- Party of Democratic Socialism and later in the same year, to Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS). Hence, the party's subsequent leaders were no more leaders of East Germany than the leaders of other parties.
Heads of state
Heads of government
Heads of parliament
Heads of the military
Other websites
World StatesmenEast Germany
Tusk

Tusks are very long teeth that some animals have. Tusks are made of ivory. Ivory is very rare and expensive. Many elephants are killed for their tusks. One third of a tusk is in the elephant's head.
Other websites
Carved Ivory Tusk
Animal anatomy
Mid vowel

A mid vowel (or a true-mid vowel) is a class of vowels used in some spoken languages. The tongue is placed midway between an open vowel and a close vowel.
Other names are lowered close-mid vowel and raised open-mid vowel. The first phrase may be used to describe a vowel as low as open-mid. And the other one could also be used to describe a vowel as high as close-mid.
Vowels
Ralf Dahrendorf

Ralph Gustav Dahrendorf, Baron Dahrendorf, KBE, FBA (1 May 1929 - 17 June 2009) was a German-British sociologist, philosopher, political scientist and liberal politician.
Dahrendorf was born in Hamburg, Germany. He studied at Hamburg University and at the London School of Economics.
Dahrendorf was a member of the House of the Lords from July 1993 to June 2009.
Dahrendorf died in Cologne, Germany, aged 80, on 17 June 2009, after suffering from cancer.
Related pages
List of sociologists from Europe
References
Other websites
1929 births
2009 deaths
British philosophers
German philosophers
German sociologists
German political scientists
Politicians from Hamburg
Members of the House of Lords
Albatros Dr.II

The Albatros D.II was a German single-seat prototype fighter aircraft. Only one was built, which flew in 1918. It was a triplane plane.
It used a 195 hp 8-cylinder Benz Bz.IIIb engine, and was armed with two 7.92mm machine guns.
World War I aircraft
German military aircraft
Dexter, Iowa

Dexter is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Gleißenberg

Gleissenberg is a municipality in the district of Cham in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Cham (district)
San Juan Creek

San Juan Creek is a small river in Orange County, California. It is about long. Its watershed occupies 133.9 square miles (357 square kilometers). It begins in the Santa Ana Mountains, and ends, after a journey winding west and south, in the Pacific Ocean in Dana Point.
Its biggest tributary, Trabuco Creek or Arroyo Trabuco, is about long, flowing south from the Santa Ana Mountains into San Juan Creek. Oso Creek is a smaller tributary to Trabuco Creek, but has a lot of water in it the entire year. Many people say they found a dead bear on the Oso Creek.
Nearby rivers
North along coast
Aliso Creek
South along coast
Santa Margarita River
References
Rivers of California
Orange County, California
Kim Young-ae

Kim Young-ae (; 21 April 1951 - 9 April 2017) was a South Korean actress. She appeared in over sixty movies and 100 television shows. She was best known for her leading role in The Attorney (2013). She was born in Yeongdo District of Busan.
Kim died from pancreatic cancer on 9 April 2017 in Seoul. She was 65.
References
Other websites
1951 births
2017 deaths
Cancer deaths in South Korea
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
South Korean movie actors
South Korean television actors
Samantha Robson

Samantha Jane Robson was born 22 March, 1966 in Wandswoth, London. She is a British actress who played WPC Vicky Hagen in The Bill from 1998 to 2001 and Sloan Peterson in Ferris Bueller. She has also appeared in the 2006 movie A Good Year.
Other websites
1966 births
Living people
British actors
Actors from London
Keiretsu

A keiretsu is a group of businesses that work together. There are keiretsu in Japan.
Structure
The companies in the keiretsu each own shares of each other's stock. Sometimes, there is a bank at the middle of a keiretsu. These are called horizontal keiretsu.
Keiretsu can also have some companies that make supplies that other companies in the keiretsu need. These are called vertical keiretsu.
Not all countries allow keiretsu. For example, in the United States, keiretsu are illegal. They are against antitrust laws.
History
The keiretsu started after World War II during the American occupation of Japan. Before there were keiretsu, there were zaibatsu. The zaibatsu were also business groups, but they were owned by families. The zaibatsu supported the military government of Japan from the 1800s through World War II, so the Americans broke them up after the war.
In the 1990s, there was a financial crisis in East Asia. Most of the companies in keiretsu decided to cut costs. This weakened the keiretsu because each company wanted to get the best deal, even if it wasn't with a company in its own keiretsu. Japan made treaties with other countries that required it to break up some of the keiretsu because of antitrust laws.
References
Japan
Business organizations
Rotelsee

Rotelsee is a lake near Simplon Pass in the canton of Valais, Switzerland.
References
Lakes of Switzerland
Geography of Valais
Downs, Illinois

Downs is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Liudmila Belavenets

Liudmila Sergeyevna Belavenets (also spelled Lyudmila Sergeevna Belavenets; ; 7 June 1940 - 7 November 2021) was a Russian chess player. She was the fourth women's world champion (1984-1992) and was won the titles of Lady Grandmaster and International Master in 1991. She was born in Moscow.
Belavenets died on November 7, 2021, from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia, aged 81.
References
1940 births
2021 deaths
Sportspeople from Moscow
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Russian chess players
Stock

In financial markets, stock is the partial ownership of a company. Shareholders bear the financial (but not legal) risk of the corporation, and receive dividends, which are a piece of the net income.
A person or organization which holds shares of stocks is called a shareholder. The value of the stock multiplied by the shares outstanding is the market capitalization. This is the most common metric for valuing a publicly traded company.
Stocks can be bought and sold privately or on stock exchanges. Someone who buys and sells stock on the behalf of another individual is called a stockbroker.
In the United Kingdom and Australia, the term share is used the same way as stock is described in the United States.
Related pages
corporation
Joint-stock company
References
Other websites
The Oldest Share in the world, issued by the Dutch East India Company VOC, 1606.
Stock Market Trivia: History of Stocks
Who Decides Stock Prices?
Researching Old Company Stock Certificates
Finance
Meiji Shrine

is a Japanese Shinto shrine in Tokyo. It honors the spirits of Emperor Meiji and his wife, Empress Shoken.
History
After the emperor's death in 1912, the Diet of Japan voted to commemorate his role in the Meiji Restoration.
Work began on the shrine in 1915. It was formally dedicated in 1920; and it was completed in 1921.
The grounds of the shrine were finished by 1926. Trees in the park were donated by people from all parts of Japan.
Until 1946, the Meiji Shrine was in the .
References
Other websites
Meiji jingu website
Meiji Shrine map
Meiji Shrine panorama
Buildings and structures in Tokyo
Shinto shrines
Kanpei-taisha
Chokusaisha
Reitnau

Reitnau is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019, the former municipality of Attelwil merged into the municipality of Reitnau.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Aargau
Hermann Schwörer

Hermann Schworer (1 May 1922 - 24 November 2017) was a German politician. He was born in Berlin. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.
Schworer served in the Bundestag between 1958 and 1994. From 1970 to 1979, Schworer was a member of the European Parliament.
Schworer died in Berlin on 24 November 2017 at the age of 95.
References
1922 births
2017 deaths
Members of the German Bundestag
MEPs for Germany
Politicians from Berlin
Politicians of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Shasta Dam

Shasta Dam (called Kennett Dam before it was made), is a dam on the Sacramento River in California. It was built from 1938 to 1945. It is high and long. It creates a lake called Shasta Lake. It is a popular spot for boating and fishing.
References
Dams in the United States
Buildings and structures in California
Shasta County, California
Alaska (1996 movie)

Alaska is a 1996 American adventure survival movie. It was directed by Fraser Clarke Heston and produced by Andy Burg. The story was written by Andy Burg and Scott Myers. The director's father, Charlton Heston, plays the main antagonist.
Cast
Thora Birch as Jessie Barnes
Vincent Kartheiser as Sean Barnes
Dirk Benedict as Jake Barnes
Charlton Heston as Colin Perry, the Poacher
Duncan Fraser as Mr. Koontz, Perry's Pilot
Gordon Tootoosis as Ben, Quincy General Store
Ben Cardinal as Charlie, Quincy Air Service
Ryan Kent as Chip
Don S. Davis as Sergeant Sam Grazer
Dolly Madsen as Mrs. Ben
Stephen E. Miller as Trooper Sam Harvey
Byron Chief-Moon as Chip's Grandfather
Kristin Lehman as Florence
Plot
The story is about two children who search through the Alaskan wilderness for their lost father, after his airplane crashed into a mountain. During their journey, they find a polar bear who helps them to find their father. However, an evil poacher who wants to capture the bear, follows close behind the children and the polar bear.
Production
The movie was filmed in the Purcell Mountains of British Columbia in Canada and the city of Vancouver.
Reception
Box office
The movie was a "box office bomb", because the money earned at the box office (cinemas) was $11,829,959, compared to the movie budget of $24 million.
Critical response
The reviews by movie critics were also negative. On Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has an approval rating of only 23% based on reviews from 13 critics, with an average of 4.70 out of 10.
References
Other websites
1996 movies
1996 adventure movies
Survival movies
American adventure movies
Movies about bears
Movies about hunters
Movies set in Alaska
Movies set in forests
Azov

Azov is a town at the mouth of the Don River in Rostov Oblast. It is on the east end of the Sea of Azov and about 80 thousand people live there. It was a Greek colony in the third century BC.
Cities and towns in Rostov Oblast
Ouaka

Ouaka is one of the 16 prefectures of the Central African Republic. The capital is Bambari. The prefecture borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
References
Prefectures of the Central African Republic
Scherpenheuvel-Zichem

Scherpenheuvel-Zichem is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 22100 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 58 North, 04deg 58 East.
References
Municipalities of Flemish Brabant
Inverted roller coaster

Inverted Coaster (sometimes known as Inverts by Coaster enthusiasts) is a roller coaster designed by Bolliger and Mabillard and was first conceived in 1992. Unlike the other coaster which above the track, This coaster sits you by the bottom of the track. making a flying sensation.
Development
The inverted coaster was coined by the Swiss roller coaster designers Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M) In 1991/92. The first installation of the Inverts came at Six Flags Great America in 1992. Batman: The Ride opened to much fanfare and was "cloned" many times at other parks. The inverted coaster quickly became an favorite with custom designs installed nearly every year. The tallest and fastest inverted coaster is Wicked Twister at Cedar Point at 215 feet (66 m) tall and reaching speeds up to 72 miles per hour. Although, it was not built by B&M. The longest inverted coaster is Banshee at Kings Island which travels along 4,124 feet of track.
Other roller coaster manufacturers followed in the footsteps of Bolliger & Mabillard and began working on their own inverted coaster designs, including Vekoma, Intamin (Which was the builders of Wicker Twister in 2002) and other smaller companies. Intamin has few designs classified as inverted coasters, although they do install inverted coaster trains on some of their launched designs. Vekoma
In recent years, Vekoma has become the first manufacturer to install a family-friendly inverted roller coaster.
The inversions usually include vertical loops, zero gravity rolls, Immelmann loops, cobra rolls, and corkscrews.
Installations
189 inverted roller coasters have been installed at various theme parks, some of which have been relocated. The following list is not exhaustive and only shows the most notable installations.
Gallery
References
Roller coasters
Andy Houting

Andries Nicolaas "Andy" den Houting was a cyclist from Canada. Andries competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was born on 1 November 1901 and died on 2 December 1975.
References
Other websites
1901 births
1975 deaths
Canadian cyclists
Canadian Olympians
Sportspeople from Haarlem
María Fernanda Morales

Maria Fernanda Morales (born in Mexico City, November 7, 1970) is a prolific Mexican voice actress. Morales is most known for the voice of Saori Kido in Saint Seiya, Kimi Finster in Rugrats and All Grown Up!, and Sailor Venus in Sailor Moon among other works she has worked on.
Roles
Television animation
All Grown Up! (Kimi Finster (Dionne Quan))
Captain N: The Game Master (Princess Lana (Venus Terzo))
Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers (Chip (Tress MacNeille))
Corrector Yui (Yui Kasuga (Makiko Omoto))
Talespin (Molly Cunningham (Janna Michaels), Princess Lotta L'Amour (Kath Soucie))
DuckTales (Hugo, Paco and Luis (Russi Taylor))
Ed, Edd y Eddy (Johnny (second voice) (David Paul Grove))
Rugrats (Kimi Finster (Dionne Quan))
The Powerpuff Girls (Brick, second voice) (Rob Paulsen))
Sailor Moon (Sailor Venus (Rika Fukami))
Saint Seiya (Athena (Saint Seiya) (Keiko Han, Fumiko Orikasa
Zatch Bell! (Kido, Li-en))
Invader Zim (Tak)
OVA
Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (Hugo, Paco and Luis (Russi Taylor)
FernGully: The Last Rainforest (Crysta (Samantha Mathis))
FernGully 2: The Magical Rescue (Crysta (Laura Elrich))
The Lion King 1 1/2 (Adult Nala (Moira Kelly))
The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (Nala (Moira Kelly))
Once Upon a Forest (Abigail) (Ellen Blain)
The Iron Giant (Annie Hughes) (Jennifer Aniston)
Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse (Chip and Hugo, Paco and Luis (Tress MacNeille and Tony Anselmo).
Theater animation
Kiki's Delivery Service (Ursula (Minami Takayama))
The Lion King (Adult Nala (Moira Kelly))
Los Caballeros del Zodiaco: La Pelicula (Athena)
Space Jam (Lola Bunny (Kath Soucie))
Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (Aki Ross (Ming-Na))
Dubbing roles
Spider-Man 2 (Ursula Ditkovich (Mageina Tovah))
Spider-Man 3 (Ursula Ditkovitch (Mageina Tovah))
References
Living people
Mexican television actors
1975 births
Mexican voice actors
Actors from Mexico City
Paule Marshall

Paule Marshall (born Valenza Pauline Burke; April 9, 1929 - August 12, 2019) was an American feminist writer. She was born in New York City. Her best known works were Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959), The Chosen Place, the Timeless People (1969) and Praisesong for the Widow (1983).
Marshall died in Richmond, Virginia on August 12, 2019 from dementia, aged 90.
References
1929 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Virginia
American feminist writers
American novelists
Writers from New York City
Departments of El Salvador

El Salvador is divided into 14 departments for administrative purposes. The departments are divided into a total of 262 municipalities. The country is a unitary state.
Departments
References
Goral

The gorals are four species in the genus Nemorhaedus or Naemorhedus. They are small ungulates with a goat-like or antelope-like appearance.
The original name is based on Latin nemor-haedus, from nemus, nemoris 'grove' and haedus 'little goat', but was misspelt Naemorhedus by Hamilton Smith (1827).
Until recently, this genus also contained the serow species (now in genus Capricornis). The name "goral" comes from an eastern Indian word for the Himalayan goral. The four species of gorals are:
References
Caprids
Mammals of Asia
Bob Ehrlich

Robert Leroy "Bob" Ehrlich, Jr. (born November 25, 1957) is an American attorney and Republican politician. He served as the 60th Governor of Maryland from 2003 to 2007.
Other websites
Maryland Archives gubernatorial biography.
Maryland Archives general biography.
Congressional Quarterly election library.
Ehrlich Personnel Story
MD Gubernatorial Candidates List at Ballotpedia
1957 births
Living people
American Methodists
Governors of Maryland
Princeton University alumni
United States representatives from Maryland
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Mario Van Peebles

Mario Van Peebles (born January 15, 1957) is an American movie actor who was born in Mexico City. He directed and starred in numerous movies, including New Jack City. He is son of filmmaker Melvin Van Peebles.
Other websites
African American actors
African American movie directors
African American movie producers
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
Actors from Mexico City
1957 births
Living people
A Ticket to Tomahawk

A Ticket to Tomahawk is a 1950 American western comedy movie directed by Richard Sale and starring Dan Dailey, Anne Baxter, Marilyn Monroe, Rory Calhoun, Walter Brennan, Charles Kemper, Connie Gilchrist. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1950 comedy movies
1950s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Richard Sale
Naturalism (arts)

Also see Realism (art movement)
Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. The Realist movement of the 19th century advocated naturalism in reaction to the stylized and idealized depictions of subjects in Romanticism, but many painters have used a similar approach over the centuries. One example of Naturalism is the artwork of American artist William Bliss Baker, whose landscape paintings are considered some of the best examples of the naturalist movement. Another example is the French Albert Charpin, from the Barbizon School, with his paintings of sheep in their natural settings.
Naturalism began in the early Renaissance, and developed itself further throughout the Renaissance, such as with the Florentine School.
Naturalism is a type of art that pays attention to very accurate and precise details, and portrays things as they are.
Controversies about terms
Some writers restrict the terms "Naturalism" and "Realism" for use as labels for period styles of the middle and late nineteenth century in Europe and America, thus making available the terms "naturalism" and "realism," all lowercase, for tendencies of art of any period so long as the works strive for an accurate representation of the visible world. Thus, "Naturalism" is tied to a time and place, whereas "naturalism" is timeless. As well as a major turning point in art.
Sources
"History of Art: Study Guide 14th Century to the Present". 18th Century Naturalism and The Enlightenment Era Natural Painting. 22 April 2011.
References
Art movements
Tangvayosaurus

Tangvayosaurus (meaning "Tang Vay lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Aptian-Albian age Lower Cretaceous Gres Superior Formation of Savannakhet, Laos. It was a basal titanosaur, about 15 m long, and is known from the remains of two or three individuals.
Material
It is based on TV4-1 to TV4-36, consisting of a partial pelvis, several back vertebrae and a tail vertebra, ribs, and an upper arm bone (humerus).
References
Sauropods
Mario no Photopi

is a creativity game released for the Nintendo 64 in 1998, exclusively in Japan. The game's cartridge has two slots for SmartMedia cards at the top, allowing for the import of digital photos and other images and for transfer between the game and other devices. This is the first, and currently only, game in the Mario franchise to use these type of cards.
References
1998 video games
Adrian Smith (basketball)

Adrian Howard "Odie" Smith (born October 5, 1936) is an American former professional basketball player. He played as a point guard. He played for the Cincinnati Royals and the San Francisco Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). In 1966, he was chosen for the NBA All-Star Game. Smith was named Most Valuable Player (MVP) of this game after he scored 24 points in 26 minutes. He was part of the U.S. team that won the gold medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. He also won the gold medal for the U.S. team at the 1959 Pan American Games.
Smith was born in Farmington, Kentucky. He played college basketball with the Kentucky Wildcats of the University of Kentucky.
References
Other websites
Adrian Smith at Basketball-Reference.com
1936 births
Living people
American basketball players
American Olympic gold medalists
Golden State Warriors players
Sacramento Kings players
Sportspeople from Kentucky
The Book of Mormon (musical)

The Book of Mormon is a musical comedy with music, lyrics, and book by Trey Parker, Robert Lopez, and Matt Stone. It was first shown in 2011. The play is a satire based on the beliefs and practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The musical ends up supporting the positive power of love and service.
The show won nine Tony Awards, including Best Musical, and a Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album.
The Book of Mormon has made over $500 million, making it one of the most successful musicals of all time.
References
Tony Award winning musicals
Grammy Award winners
Grand-Verly

Grand-Verly is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France. In 2006, about 132 people lived there.
Communes in Aisne
Treaty of Aranjuez (1801)

The Treaty of Aranjuez (1801) was signed on 21 March 1801 by France and Spain. It confirmed the terms of the secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso dated 1 October 1800. That treaty said Spain would give its North American colony of Spanish Louisiana for territories in Tuscany.
19th-century treaties
1800s in France
19th century in Spain
Treaties of France
Treaties of Spain
Yoram Taharlev

Yoram Taharlev (; 24 January 1938 - 6 January 2022) was an Israeli poet, lyricist and author. His song "Hora" (Hebrew: hvrh), sung by Avi Toledano, won second place at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1982. He also worked with composer Yair Rosenblum.
Taharlev died on 6 January 2022 from cancer in Tel Aviv, at the age of 83.
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
Israeli songwriters
Israeli poets
Israeli novelists
Koichi Kidera

Koichi Kidera (born 4 April 1972) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|NKK||JSL Division 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|1991/92||JSL Division 2||7||0||||||2||0||9||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|NKK||rowspan="2"|Football League||17||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1993||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|Football League||8||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|1995||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Honda Luminozo Sayama||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||||||||||||||||
|-
|1997||||||2||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="8"|Albirex Niigata||Football League||18||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||14||0||0||0||0||0||14||0
|-
|2000||18||0||3||0||2||0||23||0
|-
|2001||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2003||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||11||0||0||0||0||0||11||0
|-
|2005||8||0||1||0||0||0||9||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2007||3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2008||J. League 2||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2009||Zweigen Kanazawa||Regional Leagues||14||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
143||0||11||0||4||0||158||0
143||0||11||0||4||0||158||0
|}
References
1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Berck

Berck is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Oscar II

Oscar II (21 January 1829 - 8 December 1907), baptised Oscar Fredrik, was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death and King of Norway from 1872 until 1905. The third son of King Oscar I of Sweden and Josephine of Leuchtenberg, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden through his mother.
Early life
When he was born on January 21, 1829 in Stockholm, Oscar Fredrik was created Duke of Ostergotland. He entered the navy at the age of eleven, and was appointed junior lieutenant in July 1845. Later he studied at Uppsala University, where he distinguished himself in mathematics. On 13 December 1848, he was made an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
From 1859, when his father died, he was first in line to the Swedish throne after his oldest brother King Charles, who then had no male heirs (his son had died in infancy in 1854). His middle brother Gustaf had died in 1852.
King of Sweden and Norway
He succeeded his brother Charles XV and IV on 18 September 1872, and was crowned as king of Norway in the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim on 18 July 1873. At the accession he adopted as his motto Brodrafolkens val / Broderfolkenes Vel ("The Welfare of the Brother Peoples"). While the King and the Royal Court resided mostly in Sweden, Oscar made the effort of learning to be fluent in Norwegian and from the very beginning he realized the essential difficulties in the maintenance of the union between the two countries.
Later life
The political events which led up to the peaceful dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905 could hardly have been attained but for the tact and patience of the king himself. He was dethroned on 7 June 1905 by the Norwegian Parliament and renounced the Norwegian throne on 26 October.
Personal life
On 6 June 1857 he married in Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Germany, Princess Sophia Wilhelmina, youngest daughter of Duke William of Nassau.
Death
His health declined, indeed, to permit any prince of his house to become king of Norway, but better relations between the two countries were restored before his death in Stockholm on 8 December 1907 from unknown causes.
References
Other websites
Ducal House of Nassau
The Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav - H.M. King Oscar II the former Grand Master of the Order
1829 births
1907 deaths
Unexplained deaths
Kings and Queens of Norway
Kings and Queens of Sweden
People from Stockholm
Ali ihsan Yavuz

Ali Ihsan Yavuz is a Turkish politician and member of the Justice and Development Party. He was born on July 7, 1969 in Trabzon, Turkey.
References
1969 births
Living people
Turkish politicians
Baharon Ki Manzil (1973 movie)

Baharon Ki Manzil is a 1973 Pakistani movie directed by S. Suleman.
1970s Pakistani movies
1973 movies