pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kaluga Oblast

Kaluga Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia. Specifically, it is an oblast. Its administrative center (capital city) is the city of Kaluga. Kaluga Oblast had a population of 1,010,930 in 2010 Russian Census.
Geography
Kaluga Oblast is in the central part of the East European Plain. It is between the Central Russian Upland, the Smolensk-Moscow Upland, and the Dnieper-Desna watershed. Kaluga Oblast borders Bryansk Oblast in the southwest, Oryol Oblast in the south, Tula Oblast in the east, Moscow Oblast in the northeast, the federal city of Moscow, and Smolensk Oblast in the northwest.
Kaluga Oblast has a continental climate.
Demographics
According to the results of the 2010 Census, the population of the oblast is 1,010,930; down from 1,041,641 recorded in the 2002 Census, and further down from 1,066,833 recorded in the 1989 Census.
Births: 11 835 (11.8 per 1000)
Deaths: 15 806 (15.7 per 1000)
Total fertility rate:
2014 - 1.69 | 2015 - 1.84 | 2016 - 1.79 (e)
Ethnic groups
Largest cities and towns
Administrative and municipal divisions
Kaluga Oblast is divided into twenty-four districts and four cities of oblast significance.
Notable people
Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) -- rocket scientist.
Saint Ambrose of Optina (1812-1891) -- a minister of the Russian Orthodox Church, Hieromonk.
Born on the territory of modern Kaluga Oblast
Georgy Zhukov (1896--1974), Soviet military leader, the Marshal of the Soviet Union (as of 1943)
Eudoxia Lopukhina (1669--1731), Tsarina, the first wife of Peter the Great
Yevdokiya Streshneva (1608--1645), Tsarina, the second wife of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
Pafnuty Chebyshev (1821--1894), Russian mathematician and mechanical engineer
Mikhail Yanshin (1902--1976), Soviet actor and film director
Tatiana Shevtsova (b. 1969), Russian Deputy Minister of Defence
References
Other websites
Official website of Kaluga Oblast
Official website of Anatoly Artamonov, Governor of Kaluga Oblast
Oblasts of Russia
Opioid crisis

The opioid crisis or opioid pandemic is the problems with opioid drugs. Too many people became addicted to opioids.
The crisis started in the United States in the 1990s. Since then, about 450,000 people have died from opioids in the United States. Most of the people who died took opioids as regular drugs and became addicted. Only a small number of people used the drugs illegally. According to the United States Centers for Disease Control, the opioid crisis costs $78.5 billion a year in the United States alone.
Opioids are moderately strong, to strong painkillers. Despite the high risks, associated with addiction and overdose, they are relatively easy to get. Opioids can have sedative properties. They are useful for treating acute pain; but they are not as effective when treating chronic pain. When looking at chronic pain, the risks often outweigh the benefits.
In 1996, the company Purdue Pharma wanted to sell a number of drugs containing opioids. They told doctors that patients would probably not become addicted, so the doctors prescribed opioids to many patients, even if they did not really need them. Many of those patients became addicted. In 2007, Purdue Pharma was fined $635 million. The judge said this was because Purdue Pharma did not warn customers about the side effects enough. Since then, there have been other similar lawsuits.
In 2017, more than 47,000 Americans died as a result of an opioid overdose, including prescription opioids, heroin, and illicitly manufactured fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid. That same year, an estimated 1.7 million people in the United States suffered from substance use disorders related to prescription opioid pain relievers, and 652,000 suffered from a heroin use disorder.
21 to 29 percent of patients given opioids use them wrong in some way. 4 to 6 percent switch from prescription opioids to the illegal drug heroin.
Women are affected more often
The opioid crisis affects women and men differently, For instance, women are more likely than men to become addicted. Women are also more likely to suffer chronic pain than men are. There are many situations in which women are to receive pain medicine. In cases of domestic abuse and rape, women are prescribed pain medicine more than men. Along with that, during pregnancy women may use prescription opioids to help with pregnancy pain, especially with post-pregnancy pain. The number of women that have died from opioid pain relievers has increased five times from what it was in 1999 in 2010. To help stop the spread of opioid abuse in women, it is advised that women are educated on the drugs that they are taking and the possible risk of addiction. Additionally, alternatives should always be used when possible in order to prevent addiction.
References
Opioids
Santa Coloma de Gramenet

Santa Coloma de Gramenet is a municipality in Spain with a population of 120,443 people (2020). It is in the province of Barcelona in the autonomous community of Catalonia.
References
Cities in Catalonia
Municipalities in Catalonia
Outcrossing

Outcrossing is a term used in genetics for the mating of unrelated individuals in a population or species. It was originally used for the crossing of an inbred strain with the wild type. Hybrid vigour is the great improvement in fitness which usually occurs as a result of outcrossing a previously inbred line.
Outcrossing leads to random mating, whereas mating of relatives leads to inbreeding.
References
Classical genetics
Bischwihr

Bischwihr is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Too Much Heaven

"Too Much Heaven" is a 1978. It was written by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb. It was performed by the Bee Gees. The band released as a single from their 15th studio album Spirits Have Flown and went to number 1 in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States and number 2 in France, Ireland and the Netherlands, number 3 in Portugal and the United Kingdom, number 4 in Finland and number 5 in Australia and China. It was covered by Jordan Hill in 1996.
References
1978 songs
1970s ballads
Pop ballads
Soul ballads
Bee Gees songs
Beverley Knight songs
Paul McCartney songs
Cancer (astrology)

Cancer is the fourth astrological sign in the Zodiac that represents the constellation of Cancer. The Moon is the patron planet of people which were born from June 22 to July 22.
Astrology
In astrology Cancer is ruled by the Moon.
Cancer famous people
Simra - just awesome
Julius Caesar - roman dictator
Henry VIII
Rembrandt
Ernest Hemingway
Nikola Tesla
Nelson Mandela - South African 1st president and activist
Ingmar Bergman
Harrison Ford
Tom Cruise
Liv Tyler
Eva Green
Ariana Grande
Astrological signs
Astrology
Flag of the United Nations

The flag of the United Nations was created on December 7, 1946, and is made up of the official emblem of the United Nations in white on a blue background. It was designed by Donal McLaughlin.
The olive branches are a symbol for peace, and the world map represents all the people and the countries of the world.
White and blue are the official colours of the United Nations.
References
Flags
United Nations
Bonnemaison

Bonnemaison is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
2019–20 Bundesliga

The 2019-20 Bundesliga was the 57th season of the German Bundesliga. It was played between August 19, 2020 and June 27, 2020. This is due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
Teams
A total of 18 teams participated in the 2019-20 edition of the Bundesliga.
Team changes
Following a victory against VfB Stuttgart on away goals in the relegation/promotion play-offs, Union Berlin were promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time in their history, becoming the 56th club to feature in the Bundesliga, and the first from the former East Berlin.
Stadiums and locations
Personnel and kits
Managerial changes
League table
Results
Relegation play-offs
All times are CEST (UTC+2).
Overview
|}
Matches
2-2 on aggregate. Werder Bremen won on away goals, and therefore both clubs remained in their respective leagues.
Statistics
Top scorers
Top assists
Hat-tricks
4 Player scored four goals.
Clean sheets
Number of teams by state
Awards
Monthly awards
Annual awards
Notes
References
Other websites
Bundesliga seasons
Andre Matos

Andre Coelho Matos (14 September 1971 - 8 June 2019) was a Brazilian vocalist, pianist and composer. He was born in Sao Paulo and began his career in 1985. He was a member of many heavy metal bands, notably for Viper, Angra, Shaaman and Symfonia. In 2012, he was ranked #77 on the list of 100 Greatest Voices of Brazilian Music by Rolling Stone Brasil.
Matos died on 8 June 2019 of a heart attack, at the age of 47.
References
Other websites
1971 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Singers from Sao Paulo
Brazilian composers
Heavy metal singers
Musicians from Sao Paulo
Pianists
Writers from Sao Paulo
Common green frog

The common green frog, leaf frog red-eared frog, golden-lined frog, green paddy frog, common greenback, green lotus frog, or greenbacked frog (Hylarana erythraea) is a frog from Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia, Borneo, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, and India. It also lives in the Philippines and Sulawesi because human beings brought it there. This frog can live as high in the hills as 1200 meters above sea level.
The adult female frog is 7.8 cm long and the adult male frog is 4.8 cm long. They can be light green or dark green with a lighter belly. Some of the frogs are blue.
References
Frogs of Asia
Christophe de Margerie

Christophe de Margerie (6 August 1951 - 20 October 2014) was a French businessman. He was the CEO of oil company Total S.A.. de Margerie was born in Mareuil-sur-Lay, France.
De Margerie died in an airplane crash in Moscow on 20 October, 2014, aged 63.
References
1951 births
2014 deaths
Adoptees
Aviation deaths
French businesspeople
People from Pays de la Loire
Adam Berry

Adam Berry (born December 3, 1966) is a two-time Emmy Award-winning television and movie composer. He is also a Grammy Award-winning producer and member of the new age band White Sun. He is originally from Los Angeles.
Works
Some of his credits include South Park, Kim Possible, and The Sarah Silverman Program. He worked closely with Trey Parker and Matt Stone's in developing the scores for the first four seasons of South Park. He also played in their punk band, DVDA. As a member of new age band White Sun, Berry garnered a Grammy Award for best New Age album in 2017 for the album White Sun II.
1966 births
Living people
People from Los Angeles
Emmy Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Lee Pace

Lee Grinner Pace (born March 25, 1979) is an American actor. He was born in Chickasha, Oklahoma and grew up in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and United Arab Emirates for his father's oil business. After returning to the United States, he lived in Texas and now lives in Los Angeles.
Actors from Oklahoma
1979 births
Living people
LGBT people from Oklahoma
Rafael Leão

Rafael Alexandre da Conceicao Leao (; born 10 June 1999) is a Portuguese footballer. He plays as a forward for Serie A club AC Milan and the Portugal national team.
Leao made his first-team debut in 2018 after graduating from the Sporting CP youth system, winning the 2017-18 Taca da Liga. He terminated his contract because of an incident in the club. Shortly after, he joined Ligue 1 club Lilie on a free transfer. AC Milan signed him in 2019 for a reported fee of EUR35 million. In his third season in the club, he helped them win the 2021-22 Serie A, which ended the club's lack of league titles for 11-years. He was also voted Serie A Most Valuable Player and was listed among the 30-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.
References
Portuguese footballers
Living people
1999 births
A.C. Milan players
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Tomb Raider (2013 video game)

Tomb Raider is an action-adventure video game. It was developed by Crystal Dynamics. It was published by Square Enix. It is the tenth game in the Tomb Raider series. The game is single-player but also has multiplayer support. It was released on 5 March 2013 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, in January 2014 for OS X, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One and on 27 April 2016 for Linux. A sequel, Rise of the Tomb Raider, was released in 2015.
The game tells the origins of the protagonist Lara Croft on her first adventure, searching for Yamatai on a mysterious island. She must learn to survive as she fights bandits, learns the secrets of the island and rescues allies.
References
Other websites
2013 video games
Adventure games
MacOS games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Thannhausen

Thannhausen () is a town in Gunzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Mindel, southeast of Gunzburg, and west of Augsburg.
References
Settlements in Gunzburg (district)
Palm OS

Palm OS is an operating system that is made to work on small computer devices, mostly Personal Digital Assistants. Palm OS was first released in 1996, when the Palm 1000 was released.
operating systems
Evpaty Kolovrat

Evpaty Kolovrat was a famous bogatyr from Russia. He was born in 1200 and died heroically in 1238 during the battle with the army of Batu Khan.
References
Other websites
Bogatyrs
1200 births
1238 deaths
Coppet

Coppet is a municipality of the district of Nyon in the Swiss canton of Vaud.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Vaud
Cities in Switzerland
Madingley

Madingley is a village in Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. It is near Coton and Dry Drayton.
Villages in Cambridgeshire
OutRun 2006: Coast 2 Coast

OutRun 2006: Coast 2 Coast is an arcade driving game for the playstation 2. It was developed by Sumo Digital and released in 2006 by Sega.
References
PlayStation 2 games
Arcade games
List of languages by number of native speakers

Below is a List of languages by number of native speakers.
Over half the world's population speaks the 15 most used native languages. They are listed here. They are from the Swedish Nationalencyklopedin (2007, 2010).
The distinction between language and dialect is often not clear. Some mutually intelligible versions have been unified. These include Indonesian and Malay; Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian. It does not include standard Hindi and Urdu. Hindustani has been divided here into the sociolinguistic units of Hindi and Urdu, but at least 100 million speakers of some Hindi dialects are not counted below.
Related pages
List of endangered languages
References
Language-related lists
Maria Reynolds

Maria Reynolds was a woman who lived in the 1700s. She is famous for having an affair with Alexander Hamilton.
In 1791, when Maria Reynolds was 23, she went to Alexander Hamilton's house in Philadelphia. She said her husband had left and she wanted to go back to New York, where she was from. He offered to lend her money so she could go. Instead, the two of them began a sexual relationship. Later, Maria Reynolds' husband, James Reynolds, blackmailed Alexander Hamilton: He told Hamilton to give him money or else he would tell Hamilton's wife that he had slept with Maria. Hamilton paid James Reynolds and continued to visit Maria Reynolds.
James Reynolds continued to write letters to Hamilton asking for money, and Hamilton paid. When James Reynolds was arrested for forgery, he asked Hamilton for help. Hamilton did not help. James Reynolds told Hamilton's political enemies, Democratic Republicans James Monroe, Frederick Muhlenberg, and Abraham Venable about the affair. He also said Hamilton had committed other crimes. Monroe, Muhlenberg and Venable talked to Hamilton. They believed he had had an affair but had not committed other crimes. But Monroe made a copy of letters Hamilton's had written to Maria Reynolds and gave it to Thomas Jefferson.
In 1796, James Callendar wrote a book called The History of the United States for 1796. In that book, he accused Hamilton of speculation and of the affair. Hamilton wrote a pamphlet called Observations on Certain Documents in 1797. He said in the pamphlet that he had had the affair but had not done any speculation. The public believed him.
Later, Maria Reynolds sued her husband for divorce. Aaron Burr was her lawyer.
A fictional Maria Reynolds appears in act II of the Broadway musical Hamilton.
Maria and Hamilton had a realation ship that was very inapropriate.
References
1768 births
1828 deaths
Great Dark Spot

The No. 1989 Great Dark Spot (also known as GDS-89) was a dark spot on Neptune similar in appearance to Jupiter's Great Red Spot. It was discovered in 1989 by NASA's Voyager 2 probe. Although it appears similar to Jupiter's spot, which is an anticyclonic storm (this is like a hurricane), it is believed that the Great Dark Spot is an atmospheric hole similar to the hole in Earth's ozone layer.
However, the insides of Great Dark Spots are mostly cloud-free, and unlike Jupiter's spot, which has lasted for hundreds of years, their lifetimes appear to be much shorter, forming and disappearing once every few years or so. Based on pictures taken by Voyager and since then with the Hubble Space Telescope, Neptune appears to spend a little bit more than half its time with a Great Dark Spot.
Characteristics
The dark, elliptically-shaped spot (with initial dimensions of 13,000 x 6,600 km, or 8,100 x 4,100 mi) was about the same size as Earth, and was similar looking to Jupiter's Great Red Spot. Around the Great Dark Spot, winds were measured blowing up to 2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles) an hour, the fastest in the Solar System. The Great Dark Spot is thought to be a hole in the methane cloud deck of Neptune. The spot was seen at different times with different sizes and shapes.
The Great Dark Spot generated large white clouds at or just below the tropopause layer similar to high-altitude cirrus clouds found on Earth. Unlike the clouds on Earth, however, which are made of mostly crystals of ice, Neptune's clouds are made up of crystals of frozen methane. And while Neptune's clouds usually form and then disappear within a period of a few hours, the clouds in the Great Dark Spot were still present after 36 hours, or two rotations of the planet.
Neptune's dark spots are thought to happen in the troposphere at lower heights (or altitudes) than the brighter upper cloud deck features. As they are stable features that can last for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures.
Disappearance
When pictures were going to be taken of the Great Dark Spot again in November 1994 by the Hubble Space Telescope, it had gone away completely, leaving astronomers to believe that it had either been covered up or that it had just disappeared. The persistence of companion clouds shows that some former dark spots may continue to exist as cyclones even though they are no longer able to be seen as a dark feature. Dark spots may disappear when they move too close to the equator or possibly through some other unknown way.
However, a new spot that looked very much like the old spot appeared in Neptune's northern hemisphere. This new spot, called the Northern Great Dark Spot (NGDS), has remained able to be seen for several years.
Related pages
Small Dark Spot
References
Other websites
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/neptune.htm
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/neptune/atmosphere/N_clouds_GDS.html
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap960508.html
http://intranet.dalton.org/departments/science/Astro/planets/Neptune/the%20dark%20spot.htm
http://www.arcadiastreet.com/cgvistas/neptune_006.htm
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000hst..prop.5096S
Neptune
Brian Muller

Brian Leo "Jazz" Muller (11 June 1942 - 12 December 2019) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He played as a prop. He played for Taranaki at a provincial level from 1963 to 1972. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1967 to 1971. He played 35 matches for the All Blacks, including 14 internationals.
Muller was born in Eltham. He died on 12 December 2019 at the age of 77.
References
1942 births
2019 deaths
New Zealand rugby union players
Sportspeople from North Island
Wakker Prize

The Wakker Prize (, , ) is given every year by the Swiss Heritage Society to a municipality of Switzerland for the making and saving of its historical buildings.
In 2005, the prize was given to the Swiss Federal Railways, rather than a municipality.
The prize is named for Henri-Louis Wakker, a Swiss banker and real estate entrepreneur. His will provided a considerable sum of money without conditions to the Swiss Heritage Society, which in 1972 created the Wakker Prize in his honor.
Prize winners
Other websites
Patrimoine suisse: Prix Wakker
Swiss culture
Awards
Shun dynasty

The Shun dynasty (simplified Chinese: Shun Zhao ; traditional Chinese: Shun Zhao ; pinyin: Shun chao), officially the Great Shun (simplified Chinese: Da Shun ; traditional Chinese: Da Shun ; pinyin: Da Shun), was a short-lived Chinese dynasty that existed during the Ming-Qing transition.
The dynasty was founded in Xi'an on 8 February 1644, the first day of the lunar year. The founder was Li Zicheng, the leader of a large peasant rebellion. He proclaimed himself "emperor" (Huang Di ) instead of the title "king" (Wang ) before founding the dynasty.
Chinese dynasties
1640s
17th century in China
2010 Asian Games

The 2010 Asian Games was a many-sport event held in Guangzhou, China from November 12 to November 27, 2010. This was the second time that any Chinese city had hosted the Games, after Beijing in 1990. A total of 9,704 athletes from 45 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 476 events from 42 sports and disciplines, making it the biggest event in the history of Asian Games.
2010 in Asia
2010 in China
2010 in sports
Asian Games by year
2010s in Chinese sport
Guangzhou
November 2010 events
Courage

A person has Courage if they do something even though they are afraid. Courage can be doing things that other people think should be scary. A person has courage if they put themself in danger to save another person (this is called mental strength). If someone has courage, it is said that they are courageous, standing up for what you believe in (also called moral strength).
For example, someone may be said to have courage if they fight a lion, or save a baby from a burning building.
Courage is the opposite of fear and can also be called bravery.
Emotions
Virtues
Tibetan fox

The Tibetan Sand Fox (Vulpes ferrilata) is a species of true fox. It is endemic to the high Tibetan Plateau in Nepal, China, and Kashmir, up to altitudes of about 5,300 metres. It is sometimes referred to as the Tibetan Fox, or simply as the Sand Fox, but this terminology is confusing because the Corsac Fox (Vulpes corsac), which lives in arid environments north and west of the Tibetan Plateau, is often called the "Sand Fox" as well.
Foxes
Mammals of Pakistan
Plants and animals of Kashmir
Lorestan province

Lorestan Province is a province of western Iran. It is the home land of the Lurs people and of the Luri language. Lorestan is in the Zagros Mountains, in the western part of Iran.
Some of the important cities are Khorramabad, Borujerd, and Aligoodarz.
References
Other websites
Governor's Office
Information portal
Still Not Getting Any...

Still Not Getting Any... is the second studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. Still Not Getting Any... was released on October 26, 2004 through both Atlantic and Lava.
The album peaked at #3 on the Billboard 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA, selling one million copies.
The album featured the singles "Welcome to My Life", "Shut Up!", "Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)", and "Crazy".
Songs
References
Other websites
2004 albums
Simple Plan albums
Minsk Region

Minsk Voblasc (Province) or Minsk Oblast is a province (voblast) of Belarus. The administrative center is Minsk. As of 2019, the voblast's population is 1,503,000, which has 15.3% of the national total.
In the northern part of the oblast is the Lake Narach, the largest lake of the country.
There are 22 districts (raions), 307 selsovets, 22 cities, 8 city municipalities, and 20 urban-type settlements.
Minsk Region covers 39,900 km2, which stands about 19.44% of the total area of Belarus Republic. There is the largest lake in the country called Narach in the Minsk Region.
References
Other websites
Minsk Region - The Heart Of Belarus
Regions of Belarus
Hindi Wikipedia

The Hindi Wikipedia is the Hindi-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in July 2003. As of June 2018, it had over 125,000 articles. It is only Indian language Wikipedia with over 100,000 articles.
References
Other websites
Hindi Wikipedia main page
Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
National Harbor, Maryland

National Harbor is a census-designated place along the Potomac River in Oxon Hill, Prince George's County, Maryland just south of Washington, D.C.. It began as a multi-use waterfront development. In the 2010 census, its population was 3,788. The conservative event CPAC is located in National Harbor.
References
Other websites
Baltimore Business Journal article
Census-designated places in Maryland
The Swing (Fragonard, 1767-1768)

The Swing (1767-1768) is an oil painting by Jean-Honore Fragonard. It was painted in 1767-1768. It measures 81 x 64 cm (31.9 x 25.2 in). The painting depicts a woman kicking off her shoe as she flies up in a swing. A young man gazes up her skirt while another man controls the swing with a rope. It hangs in the Wallace Collection, London.
1760s paintings
Paintings by Jean-Honore Fragonard
Devesset

Devesset is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Arash Estilaf

Arash Estilaf (), known as Hua Bobo () is an Iranian actor and TV host active in China.
References
Living people
Iranian actors
Kırşehir

Kirsehir is a city in Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2013, 131,997 people lived there.
Cities in Turkey
Central Anatolia Region
Diane Downs

Elizabeth Diane Frederickson Downs (born August 7, 1955) is an American convicted murderer. She was born Elizabeth Diane Frederickson in Phoenix, Arizona. In Oregon on May 19, 1983, she shot her three children and then shot herself in the arm. On June 17, 1984, she was convicted of murder, attempted murder and assault and sentenced to life imprisonment. Downs has been diagnosed with three cluster B personality disorders: antisocial, histrionic and narcissistic.
The movie Small Sacrifices is about her.
References
1955 births
Living people
American people convicted of assault
American people convicted of attempted murder
American people convicted of murder
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
People from Phoenix, Arizona
People with antisocial personality disorder
People with histrionic personality disorder
People with narcissistic personality disorder
Whitchurch, Shropshire

Whitchurch is a small market town in the north of the county of Shropshire, England. It is the oldest town inhabited in Shropshire. The town lies 2 miles (3 km) east of the Welsh border. As of 2011, the town has a population of 9,781.
The town was founded by the Romans and there are still some Roman artefacts that can be visited in a Museum.
The town has a railway station on the Welsh Marches Line.
Gallery
References
Towns in Shropshire
Civil parishes in Shropshire
Wave (gesture)

A wave is a movement of the hand that people use to greet each other or say goodbye. People wave by raising their hand and moving it from side to side. They can also wave by moving their hand up and down. The way that people wave generally depends on their culture.
Non-verbal communication
Brahmanbaria District

Brahmanbaria (Bengali: braahmnnbaadd'iy'aa Bramhonbaria) is a district in east-central Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Division. It was part of greater Comilla District until 1984. Before 1830 the Sarail Pargana was a part of Mymensingh district. The district has 4 municipalities, 39 wards, 97 mahallas, 7 upazilas, 98 union parishads, 1052 mouzas and 1329 villages.
Geography
Brahmanbaria District is located at the east-central region of Bangladesh. It has a total area of 1927.11 km2. Brahmanbaria is bordered by Kishoreganj District and Habiganj District on the north, Comilla District on the south, Habiganj District and Tripura State, India on the east and Meghna River, Kishoreganj District, Narsingdi District and Narayanganj District on the west.
The district is mainly by low-lying land with small hills.
Districts of Bangladesh
Chittagong Division
Enterprise, Oregon

Enterprise is a city in and the county seat of Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,940 in the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Carrion crow

The carrion crow (Corvus corone) is a type of crow found in east Asia, and in parts of western Europe. Nests are usually in trees and sometimes old buildings, Young birds get wings about a month after birth. This crow is not in any danger, and is of least concern.
References
Corvids
Birds of Europe
Birds of Asia
Earl Pomeroy

Earl Pomeroy (born September 2, 1952 in Barnes County, North Dakota) is an American lobbyist for hospitals and a former politician of the Democratic Party.
He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for North Dakota from 1993 to 2011.
References
www.govtrack.us
1952 births
Living people
American lobbyists
United States representatives from North Dakota
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Saint-Georges-le-Gaultier

Saint-Georges-le-Gaultier is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
References
Communes in Sarthe
Perth, Scotland

Perth () is a city and the main part of the Perth and Kinross council area in Scotland, with around 43,450 people living there. The town was a large burgh before 1975.
Perth is named by some people as The Fair City, Its status in the United Kingdom was not a city a city until 2012. Then, with Chelmsford (in Essex, England) and St Asaph (in north Wales), it was given city status to mark Queen Elizabeth II's 60 years on the throne.
Scotland's other six cities are Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Dundee, Stirling and Inverness.
Perth also has its own football team, St. Johnstone F.C.. This plays in the Scottish Premiership.
Notes
Other websites
Perth City
Perth History
Perth and Kinross Council
Perthshire Tourist Board
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Port cities and towns of Scotland
Ushaw College

Ushaw College (formally St Cuthbert's College, Ushaw), is a former Catholic seminary near the village of Ushaw Moor, County Durham, England.
References
Other websites
Ushaw: Historic House, Chapels & Gardens official site
Roman Catholic Encyclopaedia Entry for Ushaw College
Ushaw College Library
St Cuthbert's Society, Ushaw (Alumni)
Thomas Eyre, the first President
County Durham
1560s establishments
Colleges and universities in England
16th-century establishments in England
Mate. Feed. Kill. Repeat.

Mate. Feed. Kill. Repeat. is the first demo album by American heavy metal band, Slipknot. The demo was released on October 31, 1996. The album was limited to 1,000 copies.
References
1997 albums
Debut albums
Slipknot albums
Heavy metal albums
Spartanburg, South Carolina

Spartanburg is a city in and the seat of Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States. It is the 12th-largest city by population in the state. The city of Spartanburg has a population of 37,013 as of the 2010 census. The Spartanburg Metropolitan Statistical Area, including Spartanburg and Union counties, had a population of 317,057 as of the 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.
References
Cities in South Carolina
County seats in South Carolina
Erquinghem-Lys

Erquinghem-Lys is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 5,316 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Mollens, Valais

Mollens was a municipality of the district Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Mollens, Chermignon, Montana and Randogne merged into the new municipality of Crans-Montana.
References
Former municipalities of Valais
Carme Contreras i Verdiales

Carme Contreras i Verdiales (4 October 1932 - 6 July 2020) was a Spanish actress. She was known for dubbing the voice E.T. in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, mother Fratelli in The Goonies and Marge Simpson in The Simpsons in their Catalan versions. On television, her best known role was in El Cor de la Ciutat.
Contreras i Verdiales died on 6 July 2020, aged 87.
References
1932 births
2020 deaths
Spanish movie actors
Spanish television actors
Spanish voice actors
Spanish stage actors
Enver Galim

Enver Galim (March 15, 1915, Kazan, Russian Empire - March 2, 1988, New York, US), Tatar writer and journalist, was one of the translators of the Bible into the Tatar language.
After graduating from the Institute of the Tatar Language and Literature in 1938, Enver Galim worked as a school teacher and a journalist. He was drafted into the Soviet Army in 1941 and sent to the front to fight against Nazi Germany. A year later he was severely wounded and captured by German soldiers. After spending a few months in the POW camp Enver Galim was released. Fearing repression in Stalinist Russia, he decided to stay in Germany. To avoid deportation, he applied for Turkish citizenship and after receiving it, changed his name to Enver Galimoglu.
After the war, he continued his career as a journalist, writing articles for the magazine Azad Vatan and other publications. Between 1953 and 1988 Enver Galim worked for the Tatar-Bashkir Service of Radio Liberty. After 1968 he was Radio Liberty's correspondent based in New York. He contributed numerous articles and analyses to Problems of the Peoples of the USSR, the Turkish-language magazine Dergi and the Russian-language newspaper Vestnik. One of his major works was the translation of the Bible into the Tatar language.
Sources
1915 births
1988 deaths
Bible translators
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Soviet writers
Tatars
Teachers
Turkish journalists
High Prussian dialect

High Prussian () is a variant of East Central German dialects that was previously spoken in East Prussia and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is currently spoken in Poland.
References
German dialects
Languages of Germany
Polish culture
First United Methodist Church (Mabank, Texas)

The First United Methodist Church is a Methodist church in the town of Mabank in Kaufman, Texas.
It was built in 1901 along at the 501 S 3rd St, Mabank, Texas, it is divided by two of towns, Mabank and Gun Barrel City.
References
Other websites
Churches in the United States
Zuchon

Zuchon or Shichon is a hybrid breed dog or a designer dog. It is cross between Bichon Frise and Shih Tzu.
The Zuchon is a small designer dog with a height around 12 inches. It weighs 12 to 14 pounds. Because it is a hybrid dog from two purebreds, it is known to have hybrid vigor (extra strength and health). When these dogs are first generation, they could possibly have better health than purebred dogs.
Since people are usually not allergic to them, Zuchons are generally more suitable for homes with allergy problems.
References
Dog breeds
Staff (music)

A staff (or stave) is the name given to the five horizontal lines on which we can write music. Musical notes can be placed either on a line (i.e. with a line going through the middle of the note head) or in a space. There are four inside spaces as well as the two outer spaces at the top or bottom.
The higher the pitch of the note the higher it will be on the staff. Taking the white notes of a keyboard: each note (A, B, C, D etc.) is placed higher on the stave (line, space, line, space etc.). A clef is needed to show which notes they are. There are different clefs to suit high, medium or low instruments.
This musical example shows the opening of Symphony no 5 by Beethoven. The first three notes are on the second line (counting from the bottom). They are Gs, because there is a treble clef at the beginning of the staff. The fourth note is a little lower: on the bottom line, the E line (because of the flats in the key signature it is an E flat). The next note is between the other two in pitch (an F). After the three Fs comes a D in the outside bottom space.
Sometimes composers have used staves with fewer or more than 5 lines, but the five-line staff started to become the usual one in Western music in the 13th century.
When notes are a little too high or low to put on the stave, extension lines are used. These are called ledger lines.
If two or more staves are being played at the same time the staves are joined on the left by a bracket which is called a brace. Piano music, for example, is written on two staves: one for the right hand and one for the left.
Instruments that only play a rhythm (such as the cymbals), do not need a stave. The notes can be written just on one line. The beats are crosses. It's modern notation started from the Catholic Church.
References
Musical notation
fi:Nuottikirjoitus#Nuottiviivasto
Torchwood

Torchwood is a British science fiction television programme. It is about a secret organisation protecting the Earth from aliens. It has been shown on TV channels in Britain including BBC One, BBC Two, and BBC Three. It can be viewed on Netflix and is sometimes shown on American TV channels including Starz . The show is a spin off of the British television series Doctor Who. It follows the Cardiff, Wales section of a secret group called the Torchwood Institute. The Torchwood Institute examines things that aliens cause to happen on Earth. They also collect alien equipment to use.
The series is set in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales. Series 1 takes place after Doctor Who Series 2. Series 2 takes place in between Doctor Who Series 3 and Series 4. Because the shows are science fiction and some characters live forever, it is hard to track down the exact times in which Doctor Who and Torchwood overlap.
Torchwood stars John Barrowman as Captain Jack Harkness, the leader of the Cardiff Torchwood Institute. Barrowman also played Harkness in Series 1, Series 3 and Series 4 of the current Doctor Who (2005). Eve Myles plays Gwen Cooper, a policewoman who joins the group. Gareth David-Lloyd stars as Ianto Jones, a person who helps out and is a love interest of Jack. Jack Harkness, Ianto Jones, and Gwen Cooper are the central cast members. Also, Naoko Mori plays scientist Toshiko Sato. Burn Gorman plays Doctor Owen Harper.
Because the show is set in and around Cardiff, many of the local attractions like the Millennium Centre and Cardiff Bay are shown in the series. Country settings around Glamorgan are also used many times in the series.
The programme is aimed at adults and older teenagers.
The third series is a five episode long story named Children of Earth. Children of Earth has returning cast members John Barrowman as Captain Jack Harkness, Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper, and Gareth David-Lloyd as Ianto Jones.
The fourth series is a ten episode story named Miracle Day. Miracle Day has returning cast members John Barrowman as Captain Jack Harkness and Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper.
List of episodes
Series 1 episodes (2006-2007)
Series 2 episodes (2008)
Children Of Earth episodes (2009)
Miracle Day Episodes (2011)
References
Other websites
BBC - Torchwood
BBC - Torchwood on Twitter
BBC - Torchwood on Facebook
BBC - Torchwood on YouTube
2006 British television series debuts
2000s British drama television series
2000s LGBT television series
2000s science fiction television series
2010s British drama television series
2010s LGBT television series
2010s science fiction television series
BBC television dramas
British LGBT television programmes
British science fiction television series
Doctor Who
Glamorgan
LGBT drama television series
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
San Jose State Spartans

San Jose State Spartans is the name of the different sport teams at San Jose State University. The teams compete in the Mountain West Conference (MW) at the NCAA Division I level. (Football Bowl Subdivision which used to be known as Division 1-A for football.) The university has taken part in athletics since its baseball team began in 1890.
San Jose State University sports teams have won in the NCAA in track and field, cross country running, golf, and boxing. By 2008, SJSU had won 10 NCAA team championships and 50 NCAA Division 1 champions. SJSU also has an international reputation for judo, winning 43 out of 46 collegiate national championships in the sport (by 2008).
People who once went to SJSU have won 18 Olympic medals (including seven gold medals) since the gold medal won by Willie Steel in track and field in the 1948 Olympics. These people have won medals in swimming, judo and boxing.
The track team coached by "Bud" Winter earned San Jose the nickname "Speed City," and has included Olympic medalists and social activists Lee Evans, John Carlos and Tommie Smith. Smith and Carlos are remembered for giving the raised fist salute from the medalist's podium during the 1968 Summer Olympic Games in Mexico City.
In 2008 head coaches from the men's soccer, baseball, women's gymnastics, and women's golf programs had all been named the conference "Coach of the Year."
Current athletics programs
As of 2022, San Jose State competes at the Division I level in each of the following sports. Except as noted, all teams compete in the MW.
Baseball
Basketball (men)
Basketball (women)
Beach volleyball (women) - Competes in the Southland Conference.
Cross country (men)
Cross country (women)
Football
Golf (men)
Golf (women)
Gymnastics (women) - Competes in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation.
Soccer (men) - Competes in the Western Athletic Conference.
Soccer (women)
Softball
Swimming/Diving (women)
Tennis (women)
Volleyball (women)
Water polo (men) - Competes in the Golden Coast Conference through the 2022 season (2022-23 school year), after which the team will join the West Coast Conference.
Water polo (women) - Competes in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation.
References
Sports clubs
Mountain West Conference
Sports in California
Sports organizations of the United States
John Whitney Hall

John Whitney Hall (September 13, 1916 - October 21, 1997), was an American academic, historian, editor and professor at Yale University.
Early years
Hall was born in Kyoto in 1916. He lived in Japan until he was a teenager. According to his wife, "Being brought up in Japan and by missionaries, he was a very straight-arrow kind of person. There is this kind of missionary feeling, that you must make something of this [life], not just throw it away."
At Amherst College, he was awarded a degree in 1939. He returned to Japan an instructor in English at Doshisha University in Kyoto until 1941.
Hall earned his Ph.D. in East Asian languages and literatures from Harvard University in 1950. At Harvard, he became one of the first graduate students to study under Edwin O. Reischauer.
Career
In 1948, Hall began teaching at the University of Michigan.
His earliest book was Tanuma Okitsugu, 1718-1787. Among other interests, his research focused on the Kamakura period in the history of Japan.
He taught at Yale University until he retired in 1983. Yale's John W. Hall Lecture Series in Japanese Studies was established in his memory.
Selected works
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about John Whitney Hall, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 90+ works in 200+ publications in 8 languages and 10,000+ library holdings
Japanese History; a Guide to Japanese Reference and Research Materials (1954)
Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719-1788, Forerunner of Modern Japan (1955)
Government and Local Power in Japan, 500 to 1700; a Study Based on Bizen Province (1960)
Japanese History: New Dimensions of Approach and Understanding (1961)
Twelve Doors to Japan (1965) with Richard K. Beardsley
Studies in the Institutional History of Early Modern Japan (1968) with Marius Jansen
Japan, from Prehistory to Modern Times (1970)
Japan in the Muromachi Age (1977) with Toyoda Takeshi
The Cambridge history of Japan (1988- )
Honors
Order of the Sacred Treasure
Japan Foundation Award, 1976
Since 1994, the Association for Asian Studies (AAS) has awarded the John Whitney Hall Book Prize for an English language book published on Japan or Korea.
References
Other websites
John Whitney, 1916- at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
1916 births
1997 deaths
Japanologists
Harvard University alumni
American historians
American editors
Katka's Reinette Apples

Katka's Reinette Apples () is a 1926 Soviet silent drama movie directed by Fridrikh Ermler and Eduard Ioganson. It stars Veronika Buzhinskaya, Bella Chernova, and Yakov Gudkin.
Actors
Veronika Buzhinskaya as Katka
Bella Chernova as Verka
Yakov Gudkin as Semka's companion
Fyodor Nikitin as Vadka Zavrazhin or "Tiligent"
Tatyana Okova
References
Other websites
Soviet drama movies
Soviet silent movies
1926 drama movies
Movies directed by Fridrikh Ermler
Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen

Ernst Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (Gotha, 21 August 1681 - Hildburghausen, 9 March 1724), was a duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen. He was the oldest son of Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen and Countess Sophie Henriette of Waldeck.
When he was younger, he served in the Netherlands army. He was wounded in the Spanish Succession War at Hochstadt. In 1715, after the death of his father, he left the Army and governed the duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
Like many German princes, He wanted his duchy to have the splendor of the court of the King Louis XIV of France. This caused him to be ruined financially.
Because he always needed money, he raised taxes and sold towns. He sold the county of Cuylenburg which was the dowry of his wife. The county was sold in 1720. He did not sell it to pay any money he owed to others. It was sold so that a garden and a channel could be built in his palace. In 1723 the Schalkau was sold to the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen. At the time, Schalkau had city privileges, and the right to hold a market. What was sold was an administrative division, much like a county, only smaller, which included Schalkau. The sale without the agreement of his wife was illegal. This led to a war with Saxe-Meiningen. At the end of the war, all of the county was ruined.
Because of his very bad taxes, in 1717 an open revolt took place in the duchy.
Family
Ernst Frederick married Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach in Erbach on 4 February 1704. They had fourteen children:
Ernst Ludwig Hollandinus (b. Hildburghausen, 24 November 1704 - d. Hildburghausen, 26 November 1704)
Sophie Amalie Elisabeth (b. Hildburghausen, 5 October 1705 - d. Hildburghausen, 28 February 1708)
Ernst Ludwig (b. Hildburghausen, 6 February 1707 - d. Hildburghausen, 17 April 1707)
Ernst Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. Hildburghausen, 17 December 1707 - d. Hildburghausen, 13 August 1745)
Frederick August (b. Hildburghausen, 8 May 1709 - d. Hildburghausen, 1710)
Ludwig Frederick (b. Hildburghausen, 11 September 1710 - d. Nimwegen, 10 June 1759), married on 4 May 1749 to Christine Luise von Holstein-Plon. This marriage was childless.
Stillborn son (Hildburghausen, 2 August 1711)
Stillborn son (Hildburghausen, 24 August 1712)
Elisabeth Albertine (b. Hildburghausen, 3 August 1713 - d. Neustrelitz, 29 June 1761), married on 5 May 1735 to Karl Ludwig Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Herr of Mirow.
Emanuel Frederick Karl (b. Hildburghausen, 26 March 1715 - d. Hildburghausen, 29 June 1718)
Elisabeth Sophie (b. Hildburghausen, 13 September 1717 - d. Hildburghausen, 14 October 1717)
Stillborn son (Hildburghausen, 17 March 1719)
Georg Frederick Wilhelm (b. Hildburghausen, 15 July 1720 - d. Hildburghausen, 10 April 1721)
Stillborn son (Hildburghausen, 15 December 1721)
1681 births
1724 deaths
House of Wettin
Dukes and duchesses