pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jennifer Lawrence

Jennifer Shrader Lawrence (born August 15, 1990) is an American actress. She appeared in Time's list of most influential people in the world in 2013, and has won an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards and two Screen Actors Guild Awards, among other accolades.
Lawrence first became known for appearing on The Bill Engvall Show (2007-2009), and had her breakthrough with Winter's Bone (2010). She went on to starring roles in the X-Men film series (2011-2019) and The Hunger Games film series (2012-2015), and is the highest-grossing action heroine. She won the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her work in Silver Linings Playbook (2012), and earned an additional two Golden Globe Awards for starring in American Hustle (2013) and Joy (2015). She subsequently played roles in Passengers (2016), mother! (2017) and Red Sparrow (2018).
Career
In 2010, Lawrence played Ree Dolly in Winter's Bone. In 2012, she played Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games franchise. In 2013, she won an Oscar for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role. That year, she also won a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy.
Personal life
Lawrence is of English, Scottish, Irish and German descent. As of August 2013, Lawrence is dating X-Men: First Class and X-Men: Days of Future Past co-star Nicholas Hoult. The couple started dating in 2011 after filming X-Men: First Class, but ended their relationship in January 2013, after 2 years of dating. They reconnected 6 months later in July 2013, after filming X-Men: Days of Future Past together.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards and nominations
Lawrence has been the recipient of an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Award, four Critic's Choice Movie Awards, a Independent Spirit Award, a Venice Film Festival Award, a Palm Springs International Film Festival Award, a Saturn Award, a Satellite Award and several other awards. She was named the Associated Press' Entertainer of the Year for 2013.
References
Other websites
Jennifer Lawrence Foundation
Jennifer Lawrence at Biography.com
Jennifer Lawrence at The New York Times
Jennifer Lawrence at Rotten Tomatoes
https://bollywoodlifee.com/jennifer-lawrence-biography/
1990 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Satellite Award winners
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Actors from Louisville, Kentucky
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Shin-Soo Choo

Shin-Soo Choo (born July 13, 1982 in Busan, South Korea) is a South Korean baseball player. He is a center fielder for the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Choo also played for the Seattle Mariners from 2005-2006 and the Cleveland Indians from 2006-2012.
Choo was required to serve 2 years in the South Korea military service before he turns 30 in 2012. However, he was exempted from military service due to his contribution to the Korean National Baseball team winning the Gold Medal in the 2010 Asian Games
He is married and lives near Phoenix, Arizona.
Other websites
Shin-Soo Choo's MLB player profile
1982 births
Living people
South Korean baseball players
Cincinnati Reds players
Cleveland Indians players
Seattle Mariners players
Sportspeople from Busan
Texas Rangers players
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any search warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. It is part of the Bill of Rights. The Fourth amendment was adopted in response to the abuse of the writ of assistance, a type of general search warrant issued by the British government. It was a major source of tension in pre-Revolutionary America. The Fourth Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison, along with the other amendments in the Bill of Rights. They were proposed in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution.
Congress sent 12 amendments to the states in August of 1789. Of these, 10 were approved by the states. The last state, Virginia ratified the amendments (including the fourth amendment) on December 15, 1791. On March 1, 1792, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment.
The Bill of Rights did initially apply to the states. Also, federal criminal investigations were less common in the first century of the nation's history. For these reasons there is little case law for the Fourth Amendment before the 20th century. The amendment was held to apply to the states in Mapp v. Ohio (1961).
Under the Fourth Amendment, search and seizure (including arrest) should be limited in scope to specific information supplied to the issuing court. This is usually by a law enforcement officer who has sworn by it. Fourth Amendment case law deals with three central questions. What government activities constitute "search" and "seizure"? What constitutes probable cause for these actions? How should violations of Fourth Amendment rights be addressed? Early court decisions limited the amendment's scope to a law enforcement officer's physical intrusion onto private property. But with Katz v. United States (1967), the Supreme Court held that its protections, such as the warrant requirement, extend to the privacy of individuals as well as physical locations. Law enforcement officers need a warrant for most search and seizure activities. But the Court has defined a series of exceptions for consent searches, motor vehicle searches, evidence in plain view, exigent circumstances, border searches, and other situations.
The exclusionary rule is one way the amendment is enforced. Established in Weeks v. United States (1914), this rule holds that evidence obtained through a Fourth Amendment violation is generally inadmissible at criminal trials. Evidence discovered as a later result of an illegal search may also be inadmissible as "fruit of the poisonous tree," unless it inevitably would have been discovered by legal means.
References
United States Bill of Rights
04
Steve Sidwell

Steve Sidwell (born 14 December 1982) is an English football player. He plays for Aston Villa.
Club career statistics
|-
|2001/02||Arsenal||Premier League||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001/02||Brentford||Second Division||33||4||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||35||4
|-
|2002/03||Beveren||First Division||0||0||||||||||||||0||0
|-
|2002/03||Brighton & Hove Albion||First Division||12||5||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||5
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="5"|Reading||rowspan="2"|First Division||15||2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||2
|-
|2003/04||43||8||2||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||48||9
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|League Championship||44||5||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||47||5
|-
|2005/06||33||10||4||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||40||10
|-
|2006/07||Premier League||35||4||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||37||4
|-
|2007/08||Chelsea||Premier League||15||0||3||0||5||1||1||0||24||1
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Aston Villa||rowspan="2"|Premier League||16||3||4||1||0||0||5||0||25||4
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
246||41||19||1||12||2||6||0||283||44
0||0||||||||||||||0||0
246||41||19||1||12||2||6||0||285||44
|}
References
1982 births
Living people
English footballers
Sportspeople from London
Premier League players
Brian De Palma

Brian Russell De Palma (born September 11, 1940) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Newark, New Jersey to Italian American Roman Catholic parents Anthony De Palma (1904-2005) and Vivienne (nee Muti). He was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and in New Hampshire.
De Palma directed Carrie, The Fury, Dressed to Kill, Blow Out, Scarface, Body Double, Wise Guys, The Untouchables, Casualties of War, The Bonfire of the Vanities, Raising Cain, Carlito's Way, Mission: Impossible, Snake Eyes, Mission to Mars, Femme Fatale and The Black Dahlia.
References
Other websites
Actors from New Hampshire
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from Philadelphia
American movie actors
American movie editors
American television actors
Movie directors from New Jersey
Movie directors from Pennsylvania
Movie producers from New Jersey
Movie producers from Pennsylvania
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
Screenwriters from New Jersey
Screenwriters from Pennsylvania
Writers from New Hampshire
Writers from Philadelphia
1940 births
Living people
Two Guys from Texas

Two Guys from Texas is a 1948 American musical comedy movie directed by David Butler and starring Dennis Morgan, Jack Carson, Dorothy Malone, Forrest Tucker, Fred Clark, Mel Blanc. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and is the follow up to the 1946 movie Two Guys from Milwaukee.
References
Other websites
1948 comedy movies
1948 musical movies
American musical comedy movies
Movies directed by David Butler
Movies set in Texas
R. D. Call

Roy Dana Call (February 16, 1950 - February 27, 2020) was an American actor. He appeared in several movies including 48 Hrs. (1982), Brewster's Millions (1985), At Close Range (1986), No Man's Land (1987), Colors (1988), Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Young Guns II (1990), State of Grace (1990), Waterworld (1995), Murder by Numbers (2002), Babel (2006), and Into the Wild (2007).
He was born in Ogden, Utah. Call was of the Mormon faith. He died on February 27, 2020 from back surgery-related problems at the age of 70.
References
Other websites
2020 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Deaths from surgical complications
People from Ogden, Utah
Actors from Utah
1950 births
Woodford, Vermont

Woodford is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Kimstad

Kimstad is a locality in Norrkoping Municipality in Ostergotland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,510 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Ostergotland County
Flag of Oklahoma

The flag and banner of the U.S. state of Oklahoma is made up of a Osage Nation buffalo-skin shield with seven eagle feathers on a sky blue background.
Oklahoma
Symbols of Oklahoma
Great Neck, New York

Great Neck is a region on Long Island, New York, that covers 9 villages, such as the villages of Great Neck, Great Neck Estates, Great Neck Plaza, and Russell Gardens. The incorporated village of Great Neck had a population of 9,989 at the 2010 census.
References
Villages in New York (state)
Castizo

Castizo (ca-STEE-tzo) is a Spanish term for a person who is around 3/4 Caucasian and 1/4 Indigenous ancestry.
Castizos are mostly found in the Southern cone region of Latin America (especially Chile, Argentina and Brazil), Costa Rica, as well as parts of Northern and Western Mexico, many of the Canadian Metis (those of mixed French-Canadian and First Nations ancestry) and Mixed-Blood Americans (those who mixed of Anglo-American and Native Americans from the United States) are Castizos.
Castizos usually have more Caucasian traits, but many can have light features, but with heavy Native American features, while many can have a dark Native American-like pigmentation, but totally Caucasian features.
Famous Castizos include Johnny Depp, Gael Garcia Bernal, and Enrique Pena Nieto, it's unknown whether they are genetically Castizo, but based on their phenotype, they appear to be.
Native Americans
Ethnic groups
Melbourne Victory FC

Melbourne Victory F.C. is a soccer club which plays in Australia. This club plays its home matches at both Etihad Stadium and AAMI Park, depending on how many people are expected to watch the game.
Current Team
Players with multiple nationalities
Players can legally represent more than one country, which depends on their citizenship and heritage.
League title
A-League : 2
2006/07, 2008/09
League position
References
A-League
Stacy Martin

Stacy Martin (born 20 March 1990) is a French-English actress. She is best known for her role as the younger version of Charlotte Gainsbourg's character Joe in Nymphomaniac. Martin also appeared as J. Paul Getty's secretary in Ridley Scott's All the Money in the World.
Martin was born in Paris. She lives in London with her partner Daniel Blumberg.
References
Other websites
1991 births
Living people
French movie actors
English movie actors
Actors from Paris
Actors from London
Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov

Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov was a Russian philosopher who wanted to make everyone immortal.
He was called the "Socrates of Moscow."
References
Hampden, Massachusetts

Hampden is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States.
Towns in Massachusetts
Stephen Turnbull

Stephen Richard Turnbull (born 6 February 1948) is a British academic, historian and writer. He is a specialist in Far Eastern military history. He is best known for his writing about the samurai of Japan.
Early life
Turnbull earned a degree at Cambridge University.
Further studies led to his earning an MA in Theology and an MA in Military History. He was awarded a PhD from the University of Leeds.
Career
Turnbull is a lecturer in Far Eastern Religions at Leeds.
Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Louis-Frederic, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 100+ works in 400+ publications in 15 languages and 15,000+ library holdings.
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Samurai armies, 1550-1615, 1979
The Mongols, 1980
The Book of the Samurai, 1982
The Book of the Medieval Knight, 1985
Samurai Warriors, 1987
Samurai Warlords: The Book of the Daimyo, 1989
Ninja: The True Story of Japan's Secret Warrior Cult, 1991
The Samurai: A Military History, 1996
Samurai Warfare, 1997
The Samurai Sourcebook, 1998
Nagashino 1575: Slaughter at the Barricades, 2000
Ashigaru 1467-1649: Weapons, Armour, Tactics, 2001
The Knight Triumphant: The High Middle Ages, 1314-1485, 2001
Samurai Heraldry, 2002
Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War, 1592-1598, 2002
War in Japan: 1467-1615, 2002
Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190-1400, 2003
Japanese castles, 1540-1640, 2003
Japanese Warrior Monks AD 949-1603, 2003
Kawanakajima 1553-1564: Samurai Power Struggle, 2003
Ninja AD 1460-1650, 2003
Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights, 2003
The Walls of Constantinople: AD 324-1453, 2004
Warriors of Medieval Japan, 2005
Samurai Commanders, 2005
Samurai: the world of the warrior, 2006
The Samurai Swordsman: Master of War, 2008
Honors
British Association for Japanese Studies, Cannon Prize.
References
Other websites
Turnbull, Stephen R. at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
British historians
Japanologists
1948 births
Living people
Academics of the University of Leeds
Jewett City, Connecticut

Jewett City is a borough in northern New London County, Connecticut. It is in the eastern part of the state near the Rhode Island state line. Jewett City is part of the town of Griswold. At the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 3,328.
Jewett City was named for Eliezer Jewett. He founded a settlement in this region in 1771.
References
Settlements in Connecticut
Boroughs of the United States
18th-century establishments
Marcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp (28 July 1887 - 2 October 1968) was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. Duchamp's output influenced the development of post-World War I Western art. He advised modern art collectors, such as Peggy Guggenheim and other prominent figures, thereby helping to shape the tastes of Western art during this period.
A playful man, Duchamp challenged conventional thought about artistic processes and art marketing, not so much by writing, but through subversive actions such as dubbing a urinal art and naming it Fountain. This approach would 50 years later be called conceptual art, though he himself used the term 'ready-mades' for this idea. He produced relatively few artworks, while moving quickly through the avant-garde circles of his time.
The creative act is not performed by the artist alone; the spectator brings the work in contact with the external world by deciphering and interpreting its inner qualifications and thus adds his contribution to the creative act.
Duchamp and chess
Upon his return to Paris in 1923, Duchamp was, in essence, no longer a practicing artist. Instead, he played chess, which he studied for the rest of his life to the exclusion of most other activities.
Duchamp can be seen, very briefly, playing chess with Man Ray in the short film Entr'acte (1924) by Rene Clair. During this period his fascination with chess so distressed his first wife that she glued his pieces to the board. Duchamp continued to play in the French Championships and also in the Chess Olympiads from 1928-1933, favoring hypermodern openings such as the Nimzo-Indian.
References
French artists
French chess players
1887 births
1968 deaths
Henry V of England

Henry V (16 September 1386 - 31 August 1422), was the King of England from 1413 to 1422. He was born at Monmouth, Wales. It is not known whether he was born on 9 August 1386 or 16 September 1387.
Henry V was the son of Henry Bolingbroke, later Henry IV, and Mary de Bohun, who died before Bolingbroke became king.
During his reign, Henry increased his power as King of England and also took the title of King of France, over which English kings had been fighting for decades. He defeated the French at the famous Battle of Agincourt in 1415. Shakespeare wrote a play about that and made him important in other plays.
1387 births
1422 deaths
House of Lancaster
15th century in England
Caroline Aigle

Caroline Aigle (12 September 1974 - 21 August 2007) was a French fighter jet pilot. She was born in Montauban. She was the first in France trained to fly a Mirage 2000. She died of a withering melanoma. She was mother of two boys. President of the French Republic Nicolas Sarkozy awarded her the Medal of Aeronautics by posthumous recognition.
A few weeks before her death, she was selected by the European Space Agency for training to be an astronaut.
Caroline Aigle graduates Ecole Polytechnique and Ecole de l'Air.
1974 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from melanoma
French aviators
French Air Force
Alumni of the Ecole Polytechnique
Kid Icarus (video game)

Kid Icarus is a platform game developed by Nintendo and Tose, and publised by Nintendo R&D1, for the Famicom Computer Disk System in Japan Nintendo Entertainment System worldwide. It was released in Japan in 1986, in Europe released in February 1987, and also in North America in July 1, 1987. It is the first part of the first Kid Icarus series.
The plot of Kid Icarus revolves around portagonist Pit's quest for the three sacred treasures, which hemust equip to rescue the Greek-inspired fantasy world Angel Land and its ruler, the goddess Palutena. Player controls Pit through platform areas while fighting some monsters and collecting all items. The objectives is to reach the end of the levels, and find Boss monsters and defeat them that guard the three treasures. It was designed by Yoshio Sakamoto, directed by Satoru Okada, and produced by Gunpei Yokoi.
Kid Icarus had a mixed critical reception but became a cult classic. Reviewers praised its music and its mixture of gameplay elements from different genres, but criticized its graphics and high difficulty level. It was included too in several lists of the best games compiled by IGN and Nintendo Power magazine.
Sequels
Kid Icarus has followed by two sequels called Kid Icarus: Of Myts and Monsters released in 1991 and also Kid Icarus: Uprising released in 2012.
1986 video games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo DS games
Midden-Delfland

Midden-Delfland is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 19,391 people lived there.
It was created on 1 January 2004 from the former municipalities of Maasland and Schipluiden.
2000s establishments in the Netherlands
2004 establishments in Europe
Municipalities of South Holland
Pellio Intelvi

Pellio Intelvi was a comune in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy. It has two distinct centers Pellio Inferiore (Pelsotto) and Pellio Superiore (Pelsopra). On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Lanzo d'Intelvi, Pellio Intelvi and Ramponio Verna merged to form the new municipality of Alta Valle Intelvi.
Former municipalities of Lombardy
This Is the New Shit

"This Is the New Shit" is a 2003 industrial metal song by Marilyn Manson off their fifth album The Golden Age of Grotesque. The bassist, Tim Skold added some industrial beats to the song when he joined the band in 2002.
Many movies, TV shows and video games have used the song including:
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode "Suckers"
Hatchet
Unreal Tournament 2004
ECW Wrestling (radio edit)
References
2003 songs
Marilyn Manson songs
Altai languages

The Altai language is the native language Altai people and also the official language of the Altai Republic, one of the Republican Federations of Russia located in Siberia. This language is from the Turkic languages sub-group.
Related pages
Altai people
References
Other websites
tarbagan.net/Altai Alphabet
Turkic languages
Languages of Russia
The Wrestler and the Clown

The Wrestler and the Clown () is a 1957 Soviet drama movie directed by Boris Barnet and Konstantin Yudin. It stars Stanislav Chekan, Aleksandr Mikhaylov, and Yuriy Medvedev.
Actors
Stanislav Chekan as Ivan Poddubny
Aleksandr Mikhaylov as Anatoli Leonidovich Durov
Yuriy Medvedev as Nikita, Ivan's pal
Iya Arepina as Mimi
Boris Petker as Giuseppe Truzzi
Leonid Topchiyev as Orlando
Tamara Loginova as Durov's wife
References
Other websites
Soviet drama movies
1957 drama movies
Russian drama movies
Movies directed by Konstantin Yudin
Movies directed by Boris Barnet
Movies about clowns
Dorothea Warren O'Hara

Dorothea Warren O'Hara (August 31, 1873 - May 1972) was an American ceramic artist who won the Lifetime Membership Prize from the National Arts Club and a gold medal at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. She was president of the Keramic Society of Greater New York and president of the New York National Society of Craftsmen.
Biography
She was born as Dorothea Warren on August 31, 1873 in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1915 she won the Lifetime Membership Prize from the National Arts Club and a gold medal at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. In 1923 she published The Art of Enameling on Porcelain. She died in May 1972 in Delray Beach, Florida.
Legacy
He works are on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and the Ueno Royal Museum in Tokyo.
Books she wrote
The Art of Enameling on Porcelain (1912)
Dorothea Warren O'Hara Enamels, for Decorating All Kinds of China by the Roessler and Hasslacher Chemical Company (1920)
References
Other websites
Dorothea Warren O'Hara at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
1873 births
1972 deaths
American artists
Ceramists
People from Kansas City, Missouri
Romanian hamster

The Romanian hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni) is a species of rodent in the Cricetidae family. It is found in Bulgaria and Romania.
Hamsters
Mammals of Europe
Mamming

Mamming is a municipality in the district of Dingolfing-Landau in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Dingolfing-Landau
Baldwin Street

Baldwin Street, in Dunedin, New Zealand was the steepest street in the world. In 1987, Guinness World Records said it was the steepest. It is in the suburb of North East Valley. It is northeast of Dunedin's central business district.
On 16 July 2019, Ffordd Pen Llech in Wales, became the world's steepest street. Baldwin Street's gradient is 35%, and Ffordd Pen Llech's gradient is 37.45%.
References
Other websites
Baldwin Street (Deutsch)
Map of Baldwin Street (from Wises Maps)
Baldwin Street in Google Street View
Roads
Transport in New Zealand
Snells Beach

Snells Beach is a small coastal town in the north of Auckland Region, New Zealand. It is 8 kilometers east of Warkworth. It has two primary schools.
References
Auckland
Rodney Local Board Area
Towns in New Zealand
Matakana Coast
Alchemy

Alchemy is the very old study and philosophy of how to change basic substances (such as metals) into other substances. It also studied how substances (and how they are changed into other substances) were related to magic and astrology. People who studied alchemy were called alchemists. Some things alchemists tried to do were change lead or mercury into gold, make the philosopher's stone, and make the "elixir of life," which they thought could cure (make better) any disease and make someone young again.
Alchemists believed that substances, mind, philosophies, religion, magic and astrology were related to each other. They tried to find connections between them. They tried to understand one by understanding the other. Some alchemists used metals (like gold or silver) to represent spiritual or occult ideas. People in many different countries studied alchemy.
In the 1600s and 1700s, people started to study only the properties of substances without trying to relate them to secret, old knowledge. They did experiments and wrote down what they discovered so other people could learn from them. One of the important people who did these experiments was Robert Boyle. People called the new study of substances chemistry.
Scientists have since discovered how to change one kind of element (the simplest kind of chemical substance) into another. In 1980, an American scientist named Glenn Seaborg discovered how to change a very tiny amount of bismuth into gold with a nuclear reactor. Making gold this way is much more difficult and expensive (costs a lot of money) than mining or recycling it.
References
Alchemy
Orivesi

Orivesi is a town and municipality in Finland. It is in Pirkanmaa. The municipality was founded in 1865. It has been classed as a town since 1986.
Nearby municipalities include Juupajoki, Jamsa, Kangasala, Kuhmoinen, Ruovesi and Tampere.
There were more than 9,600 people in Orivesi (as of January, 2014). The name Orivesi means "stallion water".
Other websites
Town of Orivesi - Official website
Municipalities of Pirkanmaa
Towns in Finland
1865 establishments in Europe
1860s establishments in Finland
2021 Cuban protests

The 2021 Cuban protests are a series of ongoing protests against the government of Cuba. It began on July 11, 2021 and were caused by the government's violation of its citizens' human rights (in particular the right of expression), shortages of food and medicine as well as the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba.
Cuban president and Communist Party first secretary Miguel Diaz-Canel blamed the United States and the United States embargo against Cuba and economic sanctions for the situation leading to the unrest.
References
2021 in North America
2021 protests
July 2021 events
2021 protests
August 2021 events
Princess Sofia, Duchess of Värmland

Princess Sofia of Sweden, Duchess of Varmland (born Sofia Kristina Hellqvist on 6 December 1984) is the wife of Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Varmland. She began dating Prince Carl Philip in 2010. She has also been a glamour model and reality television contestant. Hellqvist has appeared on the reality show Paradise Hotel.
Early Life
Princess Sofia was born as Sofia Kirstina Hellqvist at Danderyd Hospital in Danderyd Municipality, She is daughter of Erik Hellqvist and Marie Rotman.
Marriage and motherhood
She married Prince Carl Philip at Slottskyrkan in Stockholm on 13 June 2015. After the marriage she got the title Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Varmland. Their first child Prince Alexander Erik Hubertus Bertil, was born on 19 April 2016. In March 2017, it was announced that the couple's second child is expected in September 2017. Their second son Prince Gabriel Carl Walther was born on 31 August 2017.
Titles, styles and honours
6 December 1984 - 13 June 2015: Miss Sofia Kristina Hellqvist
13 June 2015 - present: Her Royal Highness Princess Sofia of Sweden, Duchess of Varmland (Swedish: Hennes Kungliga Hoghet Prinsessan Sofia av Sverige Hertiginna av Varmland)
National Honours
Sweden: Member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
Sweden: Member of the Royal Family Decoration of King Carl XVI Gustaf, 2nd Class
Sweden: Recipient of the 70th Birthday Badge Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf
Foreign
Iceland: Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon (17 January 2018)
Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (2 November 2018)
Germany: Grand Cross 1st Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (7 September 2021)
Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit (16 November 2021)
Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose (17 May 2022)
Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (11 October 2022)
References
1984 births
Living people
Swedish models
Swedish princesses
House of Bernadotte
National Assembly (Afghanistan)

The National Assembly (, ), also known as the Parliament of Afghanistan or simply as the Afghan Parliament is the legislature of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
In August 2021, activity (or business) had stopped at the National Assembyl.
While the legislature de jure still exists, de facto it was dissolved on 15 August 2021 after the fall of Kabul and after almost all government officials fled the country.
References
Politics of Afghanistan
Tournans

Tournans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Calldetenes

Calldetenes is a municipality of 2,513 people (2020). It is in the province of Barcelona in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain.
Municipalities in Catalonia
Tan (color)

Tan is a color that is a pale tone of brown or green tone of orange.
The first written use of tan as a color name in English was in the year 1590.
The name comes from tannum, (oak bark) used in the tanning of leather.
Meaning of tan
Tan is the color of the United States Army Rangers beret as well as Canada's CSOR Canadian Special Operations Regiment and JTF2 Joint Task Force 2
When a person sunbathes to make his or her skin darker, he or she is said to be getting a tan.
Tones of tan color comparison chart
Related pages
List of colors
References
Bill Owens (Colorado politician)

William Forrester Owens (born October 22, 1950) is an American former politician. He was the 40th Governor of Colorado from 1999 to 2007. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was re-elected in 2002 by the largest majority in state history. He was known for making transportation, education and tax cuts during his time as governor.
References
1950 births
Living people
Governors of Colorado
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Fort Worth, Texas
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Nuss Procedure

The Nuss Procedure is a surgical procedure to correct Pectus excavatum, as a birth defect also known as sunken chest syndrome. The procedure inserts a metal bar into the chest.
Alternative noninvasive treatment
The vacuum bell has been improved as a nonsurgical method to finally treat pectus excavatum.
References
Surgery
Bob Boyd (basketball)

William Robert "Bob" Boyd (June 7, 1930 - January 14, 2015) was an American former collegiate man's basketball coach. He was head coach at Seattle University, the University of Southern California (USC) and Mississippi State University.
Boyd died of natural causes in Palm Desert, California, aged 84.
References
1930 births
2015 deaths
Disease-related deaths in California
Sportspeople from California
Mamamusic

Mamamusic is a Ukrainian record label. Yurii Nikitin privately owned and operated the company. Now Mamamusic supports Verka Serdyuchka, Olha Horbachova, KAZKA band, Roxolana.
1999 establishments in Europe
Margaret Theresa of Spain

Margaret Theresa of Spain (, ; 12 July 1651 - 12 March 1673), was by marriage, Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Germany, Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia.
Biography
She was the daughter of King Felipe IV of Spain and the older full-sister of King Carlos II of Spain, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs. She is the central figure in the famous Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez. She was the subject of many of his later paintings.
She was also a half-sister of Maria Theresa of Austria (the wife of Louis XIV of France) In Austria she was known as Margarete Theresia.
She is her father's favourite child. He called her "my joy" . She was an Archduchess of Austria by birth as well as by marriage and an Infanta of Spain. She was Margarita Teresa of Austria, but not "of Spain" due to being a member of the House of Habsburg.
Marriage
She married her uncle, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor an on 5 December 1666, the solemn entry of the Infanta in Vienna took place and the official marriage ceremony was celebrated seven days later, on 12 December. Throughout their marriage Margarita Teresa called her husband uncle.
Related pages
References
Archdukes and Archduchesses of Austria
Habsburg Dynasty
Spanish infantes and infantas
1651 births
1673 deaths
Holy Roman Empresses consort
People from Madrid
Kings and Queens consort
Deaths in childbirth
Avery Dulles

Avery Robert Dulles, S.J. (; August 24, 1918 - December 12, 2008) was a Jesuit priest, theologian, and Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Dulles was on the faculty of Woodstock College from 1960 to 1974, of The Catholic University of America from 1974 to 1988, and as the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society at Fordham University from 1988 to 2008. He was born in Auburn, New York.
Dulles died in The Bronx, New York from complications of polio on December 12, 2008, aged 90.
References
Other websites
Faculty Homepage
Cardinal Avery Dulles Online Archive
Catholic Hierarchy - information on Cardinal Dulles
Cardinal Avery Dulles
Catholic pages Cardinal Dulles bio
1918 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from poliomyelitis
Infectious disease deaths in New York City
American cardinals
American theologians
Educators from New York City
Writers from New York City
American Jesuits
Paul Keating

Paul John Keating (born 18 January 1944) was the 24th Prime Minister of Australia. He was from the Labor Party. He grew up in the city of Sydney and the suburb of Bankstown. He left De La Salle College at Bankstown at 14 years of age and worked as a clerk with the Sydney County Council doing this while juggling with studies and managed a rock band called The Ramrods. Annita van Iersel married Paul Keating in 1975. In 1998, the Keatings separated.
Keating was Treasurer from 1983 to 1991 and Deputy Prime Minister from 1990 to 1991. He challenged and beat Bob Hawke for the job of prime minister in 1991. He won one election in 1993 but was beaten by John Howard in 1996. As treasurer with Bob Hawke, he made lots of changes to the Australian economy and made it more modern. In the early 1990s, Australia had a really bad recession while he was treasurer, and when he became Prime Minister. As Prime Minister he tried to make Australia better friends with Asian countries and liked things like APEC. He also wanted Australia to become a republic and wanted the government to say it was "sorry" to Aboriginal people for the things that white Australians did not long ago.
References
Politicians from Sydney
Keating, Paul
1944 births
Living people
Republicans
Australian Labor Party politicians
Treasurers of Australia
Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia
Greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere (the air around the Earth) trap infrared radiation. This makes the planet become warmer, similar to the way a greenhouse becomes warmer.
The most important greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are: water vapor, carbon dioxide(CO2), and methane. When there is more greenhouse gas in the air, the air holds more heat. This is why more greenhouse gases cause climate change and global warming.
The greenhouse effect is natural. It is important for life on Earth. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth's average temperature would be around 18 or -19 degrees Celsius (0 or 1 degree Fahrenheit). Earth would be locked in an ice age. Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth's actual average temperature is 14 degrees Celsius (57 degrees Fahrenheit).
The problem is that recently, the greenhouse effect has become stronger. This is because humans have been burning large amounts of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide. Since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, it has caused the planet to warm over the past 150 years.
About 10,000 years ago, before people started burning large amounts of fossil fuels, there were 260 to 280 parts per million (ppm) of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, but now there is over 400 ppm. Most scientists say that having 350 ppm or less is safe for the environment and that species on the planet can adapt to this level. Higher levels can make severe problems for animal and marine life that are already being seen today, such as ocean acidification.
The greenhouse effect was first proposed by Joseph Fourier in 1824. Mars, Venus and other planets with atmospheres also have greenhouse effects. The effect on Venus is especially strong because Venus has so much CO2. This is why Venus is hotter than Mercury, even though Mercury is closer to the sun. The first person to predict that carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels (and other combustion processes) could cause global warming was Nobel Prize winner Svante Arrhenius.
Related pages
Greenhouse gas
Greenhouse gas emissions
Global warming
References
Other websites
The Climate Change Guide easy-to-understand information on the greenhouse effect
Study of Ice Age bolsters carbon and warming link February 28, 2013 The New York Times
Rutgers University: Earth Radiation Budget
Greenhouse effect -Citizendium
Weather
Greenhouse gases
Ecology
Glastenbury, Vermont

Glastenbury is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States.
Towns in Vermont
Japanese squirrel

The Japanese squirrel (Sciurus lis) is a mammal that only lives in Japan.
Japanese squirrels live on the main island of Honshu, Japan. They are locally extinct in Hokkaido.
Japanese squirrels' enemies are such as snakes, owls, eagles and fox.
They were food for humans before. They were hunted for their fur. They are now on the red list of Wildlife protection and Hunting, so they cannot be a pet.
Behavior
The Japanese Squirrel likes to jump from a Tree to another tree next to it, to jump, they use their tail, which helps it to steer. Their two back feet (also called the Hind Legs) can move 180 degrees to help it when it is climbing down a tree.
Diet
Japanese squirrels eat Japanese walnuts. They eat vegetable matter except seeds during spring.
Reproduction
They reproduce from spring to summer about 2 to 6 children. It has offspring every one to two years.
References
Squirrels
Mammals of Japan
Thermomicrobia

The Thermomicrobia is a group of thermophilic green non-sulfur bacteria.
The group is based on the type species Thermomicrobium roseum and on Sphaerobacter thermophilus. They are aerobic and chemoorganotrophic (a term which means their metabolism is rather like most fungi).
References
Gram-negative bacteria
Obersiggenthal

Obersiggenthal is a municipality of the district of Baden, in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Democrats Abroad

Democrats Abroad is the official organization of the Democratic Party for United States citizens living permanently or temporarily abroad. The organization is given state-level recognition by the Democratic National Committee.
Democrats Abroad currently has members in more than 190 countries, with more than 41 organized country committees. There are committees in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania.
References
Democratic Party (United States)
Guilty by Suspicion

Guilty by Suspicion is a 1991 legal drama movie. It is about the 1950s in Hollywood, in particular, the blacklist in Hollywood. Annette Bening plays Ruth. Robert De Niro plays David. Martin Scorsese plays Joe Lesser.
This movie was released on March 15, 1991. The reviews were good.
1991 drama movies
American drama movies
Bellancourt

Bellancourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Plain text

Plain text is textual data. It represents characters of readable material. Plain text is fairly limited because it cannot contain any typesetting commands. It is often stored in a plain text file.
References
Computer file formats
Writing
Elizabeth Garrett

Helen Elizabeth Garrett, commonly known as Elizabeth Garrett, (1963 - March 6, 2016), was an American professor of law and an academic administrator. In 2010, she became Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs at the University of Southern California. On July 1, 2015, she became the 13th president of Cornell University.
Garrett died on March 6, 2016 from colon cancer at her New York City home. She was aged 52.
References
1963 births
2016 deaths
Lawyers from Milwaukee
Businesspeople from Milwaukee
Cornell University faculty
Geoff Emerick

Geoffrey Emerick (5 December 1945 - 2 October 2018) was an English recording studio audio engineer. He worked with the Beatles on their albums Revolver, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road. Emerick won four Grammy Awards for his work. Emerick was born in London.
Emerick died on 2 October 2018 in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 72.
References
Grammy Award winners
1945 births
2018 deaths
Record producers
British audio engineers
Musicians from London
Henrik Ibsen

Henrik Johan Ibsen (born 20 March 1828 - 23 May 1906) was a Norwegian playwright. He is often called the "father of modern drama."
Ibsen is held to be the greatest of Norwegian authors and one of the most important playwrights of all time, celebrated as a national symbol by Norwegians. His greatest works can be said to be "A Doll's House" or "Enemy of the People."
References
1828 births
1906 deaths
Norwegian playwrights
Curran, Wisconsin

Curran is a town in Jackson County, Wisconsin, USA. As of the 2010 census the population was 343.
References
Towns in Jackson County, Wisconsin
Adelaide

Adelaide () is a city in Australia. It is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and it has an approximate population of 1.2 million people.
It is the fifth biggest city in Australia, behind Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth. Adelaide was founded in 1836 by Colonel William Light, who named it after Queen Adelaide.
Adelaide is near the Southern Ocean and is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula. It has a river going through it called the River Torrens. Many festivals are held there. Adelaide has a hot-summer and cool-wet-winter Mediterranean climate. Grapes for wine production are grown in the Barossa Valley about 50 kilometres (30 miles) northeast of Adelaide, in the McLaren Vale about 30 kilometres south of Adelaide and parts of the Mt Lofty Ranges to the east.
References
Other websites
Adelaide Airport
1836 establishments
1830s establishments in Australia
Hurricane Michael

Hurricane Michael was an Atlantic tropical cyclone. The storm threatened Cuba, northwestern Florida, Georgia and southern Alabama. It was the 13th named storm, seventh hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the first Category 5 hurricane and the strongest on record to impact the Florida Panhandle, and was the fourth-strongest landfalling hurricane in the United States in terms of wind speed. As Michael became a Category 5 hurricane, the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season became a third consecutive season to feature at least one Category 5 hurricane since Matthew in 2016 and Irma in 2017; this also makes Michael the third straight "M" name to feature as a Category 5 hurricane since Matthew in 2016 and Maria in 2017 as well.
The storm passed near western Cuba on October 7-8.
The storm led to six deaths in Honduras, four in Nicaragua and three in El Salvador.
Michael became a major hurricane on Tuesday, October 9, 2018.
The storm struck near Mexico Beach, Florida in the Florida Panhandle as a borderline Category 5 hurricane, which makes it the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in the United States as a Category 5 hurricane since Hurricane Andrew in 1992. It had a wind speed of 160 mph and a central pressure of 919 millibars. It was originally designated as a high-end Category 4 hurricane with wind speed of 155 mph, but from post-analysis, it was indeed a Category 5 hurricane as originally thought. It was said to be the strongest hurricane to hit Florida since Andrew in 1992 in terms of pressure which it had a central pressure of 922 millibars. It was also the strongest hurricane to hit the United States in terms of pressure since Hurricane Camille in 1969, which had a pressure of 900 millibars.
Retirement
On March 20, 2019, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name Michael due to extreme and very expensive damage it caused along its track, particularly in the Florida Panhandle and southwest Georgia, and it will never again be used for another Atlantic hurricane. It will be replaced with Milton for the 2024 season.
References
Michael
2018 in the United States
21st century in Honduras
21st century in Nicaragua
21st century in El Salvador
2010s in Cuba
2010s in Jamaica
October 2018 events
Michael
Michael
Michael
Mombar

Mombar, known as sheep fawaregh (in Arabic: fwrG) is a delicious dish brought in the Arab countries, it is made from sheep intestines stuffed with a rice mixture and deep fried in oil. Mombar preparation takes some time and is considered a creamy dish.
Ingredients
sheep intestines
rice
tomatoes
onion
garlic
coriander
oil
tomato sauce
spices
A piece of Mombar (about 100 grams) contains about 149 calories. Some people make it in a healthy way for people with special dietary needs, such as people who are have Diabetes mellitus.
A serving of about 300 grams contains:
Calories:501
Fat: 14
Saturated fat: 1
Cholesterol: 0
Carbohydrates:85
Proteins: 8
Naming
The Mombar in Egypt is what is known in Syria as qabwat , which are lambs or sheeps small intestines stuffed with rice. Filling varies and rice remains the main ingredient for filling.
References
Other websites
Egyptian food from cooks.com
Egypt
Foods
Common (rapper)

Lonnie Rashid Lynn (born March 13, 1972), better known by his stage name Common, is an American rapper and actor. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. His music has been compared to the likes of Kanye West.
He graduated from Luther High School South. Later, he graduated from Florida A&M University.
He released his first album Can I Borrow a Dollar? using the stage name Common Sense. He started becoming more popular when he was forced to change his stage name. A reggae band from Orange County, California with the same name sued him.
He won an Oscar for co-writing the song "Glory" for the 2014 movie Selma. In 2018, Common was nominated for an Oscar. It was for the song Stand Up for Something from the 2017 movie Marshall.
Common appeared in many movies. These include Smokin' Aces, American Gangster, The Kitchen, Wanted, Terminator Salvation and Just Wright.
References
1972 births
Living people
American hip hop musicians
African-American rappers
Rappers from Illinois
Musicians from Chicago
American movie producers
Writers from Chicago
American television actors
American video game actors
American voice actors
Actors from Chicago
Academy Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winners
Boana icamiaba

Boana icamiaba is a frog that lives in Brazil.
First paper
References
Frogs of South America
Roentgen (unit)

The roentgen or rontgen is a unit of measurement for the exposure of X-rays and gamma rays. It is defined as the electric charge freed by such radiation in a specified volume of air divided by the mass of that air. It is named after the German physicist Wilhelm Rontgen, who discovered X-rays.
Units of measurement
Two Fyodors

Two Fyodors () is a 1958 Soviet drama movie directed by Marlen Khutsiev. It stars Vasily Shukshin, Nikolai Chursin, and Tamara Syomina.
Actors
Vasily Shukshin as Great Fyodor
Nikolai Chursin as Little Fyodor
Tamara Syomina as Natasha
Ivan Poletayev as Ivan
Maria Shamanskaya as Fyodor's neighbor
References
Other websites
Soviet movies
1958 movies
Soviet drama movies
501 (number)

Five hundred one (501) is the natural number after 500 and before 502. In Roman numerals, 501 is written as DI.
Integers