pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
JVKE

Jacob Lawson, best known as JVKE or Jake (born March 3, 2001), is an American singer and songwriter. He is known mainly for his TikTok skit videos, one of which made him go viral in 2021. The platform was where he started showing his production and making of his songs, mainly with his mother. In July 2022, Lawson announced his biggest song yet, named "Golden Hour". He announced a music video for the song two months later.
Within a week of the songs release it became Lawson's first debut on the Billboard Hot 100 of which he topped at #71. His song also reached New Zealand of which it starred at #34 in the country.
Early life and education
Lawson was born on March 3, 2001 to his mother a public school music teacher and his father a pastor Lawson is related to Zachary Lawson, his brother of which is a Grammy-nominated producer. At an early age, Lawson joined a Catholic school in his city and later joined his hometown's public high school of which he graduated.
TikTok, Rise in Fame, Albums and Golden Hour
In 2020, during the coronavirus quarantine JVKE and his family joined TikTok in the same year with his mother he announced the song Upside Down. His song quickly blew up on the platform his following grew within it, the song is what the platform now considers a Mega-Viral Song the song went on to have a remix featuring Charlie Puth another growing artist at the time.
In September 2021, Lawson announced not only a song but an entire album that he'd produce called This is What Falling In Love Feels Like, The first song of the album was the namesake of the name of the album followed by many other songs which continued being produced onto 2022, The album blew up like Upside Down on TikTok this time reached a higher popularity with the app growing since 2020 by the millions.
After the success of This is What Falling in Love Feels Like he announced Golden Hour in July and This is What Sadness Feels Feels Like to mark the one year anniversary of the album. A day later on 23 September 2022 he announced his debut album this is what feels like From here Golden Hour started to get noticed by the general public, the song just from July to November ranked up nearly 25 million views his biggest hit yet.
References
Living people
2001 births
American singer-songwriters
Sint-Agatha-Berchem

Sint-Agatha-Berchem (in Dutch) or Berchem-Sainte-Agathe (in French) is a municipality in the Belgian Brussels-Capital Region.
In 2007, 20431 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 51 North, 04deg 17 East.
References
Municipalities of Brussels-Capital Region
Sremska Mitrovica

Mitrovica can also refer to Kosovska Mitrovica, a city in Kosovo
Sremska Mitrovica is a city in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Today, about 39.000 people live in the city, about 85.000 in its urban area. The city has a long history going back to the Romans. Many Roman emperors were born in or around the city.
Cities in Serbia
Fenerbahçe S.K.

Fenerbahce is a sports club in Istanbul, Turkey. It was officially founded in 1907.
Fenerbahce's home stadium is the Fenerbahce Sukru Saracoglu Stadium in Kadikoy, Istanbul.
They have won the Spor Toto Super League 28 times and Ziraat Turkish Cup 6 times.
Other websites
Official website of Fenerbahce
Fenerbahceulker basketball website
Fenerbahce Ulker Spor
Fenerbahce Community Portal
Turkish football clubs
Slug (rapper)

Sean Daley (born September 7, 1972) is an American rapper. He is better known by his stage names Slug or Sep Seven. He is best known for being the lead singer of the hip hop group Atmosphere.
Slug is from Minnesota. His stage name is a nickname that was given to him by his father. It was originally Sluggo by later shortened to Slug.
Slug has been involved in several projects. He formed Atmosphere in 1989. He worked with several other rap musicians in the late 1990s to form The Dynospectrum. They released an album, The Dynospectrum, in 1998. He formed another group, Deep Puddle Dynamics, in the same year. In 2000, Slug started Felt with Murs, another rap musician. They have released three albums.
In 2005, Slug started a record label with Murs, called Women Records.
References
Other websites
Women Records
African American musicians
American rappers
Living people
1972 births
Musicians from Minnesota
Crunchy Black

Crunchy Black (born August 1974 in Indiana) is an American rapper and dancer from Memphis, Tennessee. He left in 2006. He is best known for being a member of the Oscar-winning hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. Crunchy is known for his dancing "G-Walking", which he says he started doing at Club Memphis. He is not the starter of this dance but he is very good at it. He is known as a pioneer.
Singers from Memphis, Tennessee
Rappers from Tennessee
American dancers
Singers from Indiana
1974 births
Living people
International Mathematical Congress

The 1893 International Mathematical Congress was an event that came before the International Congress of Mathematicians. It took place from August 21 to August 26, 1893 in Chicago. It was held in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition.
It is not considered part of the International Congress of Mathematicians because 41 of the 45 participants were from the United States. The mathematician Felix Klein brought articles by German, French, Austrian, Italian, and Swiss mathematicians for publication in the Proceedings of Congress.
Background
Felix Klein delivered the opening speech at the International Mathematical Congress. The speech was called "The Present State of Mathematics". It contained a "manifesto" for future international cooperation mathematicians.
Klein was a strong believer in international collaboration in mathematics. Georg Cantor, whose efforts led to the founding of the German Mathematical Society, believed in the same. Their goals were the same, but they were both motivated by different personal reasons. Cantor felt that his close colleagues were unfairly criticizing his work, so he wanted a bigger platform to promote his ideas. Klein had strong ideas about math education and math research, and he was a great organizer who wanted to see his ideas on a bigger stage.
References
1893
History of mathematics
Táňa Fischerová

Tatana Fischerova (better known as Tana Fischerova) (6 June 1947 - 25 December 2019) was a Czech actress, writer, television host, politician and civic activist. From 2002 to 2006, she was a member of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. She was a candidate for president in the 2013 Czech presidential election. She was born in Prague.
Fischerova died on 25 December 2019 in Prague of cancer at the age of 72.
References
1947 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in the Czech Republic
Czech politicians
Czech writers
Czech television presenters
Civil rights activists
Actors from Prague
Onagraceae

Onagraceae is a family of flowering plants, beloging to the myrtle order comprising 21 genera concentrated in the temperate region of the New World. The family is characterized by flowers with parts mostly on the plan of four (four sepals, four petals, four or eight stamens), but there are some exceptions. The ovary is inferior (i.e., below the flower proper).
Myrtales
Plant families
2017–18 NHL season

The 2017-18 NHL season is the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. The 31 teams are playing an 82-game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017 and ended on April 7, 2018. The Stanley Cup playoffs began a few days after and the Stanley Cup finals was held between Washington Capitals and Vegas Golden Knights which ended with the Washington Capitals winning their first Stanley cup in their franchise history. The Vegas Golden Knights joined the league for this season and became the first team to win the first three games of their history. They now have five wins and one loss making them the first team to do this since the Montreal Canadiens in the NHL's first season. The two-time defending Stanley Cup and Eastern Conference champions are the Pittsburgh Penguins while Penguins' player Sidney Crosby is the two-time defending Conn Smythe Trophy winner. The Nashville Predators are the defending Western Conference champions. The Washington Capitals are the two-time defending Presidents' Trophy winners. Edmonton Oilers player Connor McDavid is the defending winner of the Hart Memorial and Art Ross Trophies.
Standings
Tie Breakers:
1. Fewer number of games played.
2. Greater Regulation + OT Wins (ROW)
3. Greatest number of points earned in head-to-head play (If teams played an unequal # of head-to-head games, the result of the first game on the home ice of the team with the extra home game is discarded.)
4. Greater Goal differential
2017 in North America
2018 in North America
National Hockey League seasons
Syd Barrett

Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett (6 January 1946 - 7 July 2006) was an English musician. Barrett is most famous for founding the rock band Pink Floyd. He started the band in 1965 under several different names and wrote the band's first album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn. During this time he experimented with psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs and eventually exited the band in 1968. Following his departure from Pink Floyd, he released two records, The Madcap Laughs and Barrett, to little commercial success, due to the unusual lyrics and unsteady beats. He later suffered from mental health issues, possibly related to his history of drug use. Some of his most successful solo songs are "Dark Globe" and "Octopus".
Barrett was born in Cambridge and died there, of pancreatic cancer and type 1 diabetes
References
Other websites
Official website
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
English guitarists
English rock musicians
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Cambridge
Pink Floyd
1946 births
2006 deaths
Thangjam

Thangjam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
References
Meitei surnames
Castilfrío de la Sierra

Castilfrio de la Sierra is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
Wang, Bavaria

Wang is a municipality in the district of Freising in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Freising (district)
Mount Olivet Cemetery (Chicago)

Mount Olivet Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery in Chicago, Illinois. The cemetery is at 2755 West 111th St.
There are over 142,200 people buried at the cemetery. The cemetery is 93 acres in size. It became one of the first major area cemeteries to become full before more land was purchased on its east side.
Mount Olivet was the first burial place of Al Capone, who was put between the graves of his father and brother. A few years after his mother's death, the remains of all three men were moved to Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois.
Famous burials
James M. Bell, Sgt. during Battle of Little Big Horn
Al Capone, gangster (remains moved)
Thomas A. Doyle, U.S. Congressman
Lawrence E. McGann, U.S. Congressman
M. Alfred Michaelson, U.S. Congressman
P. H. Moynihan, U.S. Congressman
Catherine O'Leary, owner of cow who allegedly started Great Chicago Fire
Related pages
Cemeteries in Chicago:
Graceland Cemetery
Oak Woods Cemetery
Rosehill Cemetery
Westlawn Cemetery
Other websites
Catholic Cemeteries of Chicago
Mount Olivet Cemetery
Cemeteries in Chicago
Giannis Theonas

Giannis Theonas (29 October 1940 - 12 September 2021) was a Greek politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2001. He was a member of the Communist Party. From 2015 until his death, he was a member of the Hellenic Parliament. He was born in Naxos, Greece.
Theonas died on 12 September 2021 in Athens at the age of 80.
References
1940 births
2021 deaths
Greek politicians
Voiced velar fricative

The voiced velar fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English but is in Dutch.
Consonants
Darijo Srna

Darijo Srna (born 1 May 1982) is a Croatian former football player. He last played for Shakhtar Donetsk and Croatia national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Hajduk Split||rowspan="4"|Prva HNL||2||0||||||||||2||0
|-
|2000/01||10||0||||||||||10||1
|-
|2001/02||24||1||||||||||24||1
|-
|2002/03||27||3||||||||||27||3
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="7"|Shakhtar Donetsk||rowspan="7"|Premier League||19||0||5||3||5||0||29||3
|-
|2004/05||21||1||7||1||11||0||39||2
|-
|2005/06||20||2||1||0||10||0||31||2
|-
|2006/07||20||3||5||0||9||1||34||4
|-
|2007/08||28||0||3||0||10||0||41||0
|-
|2008/09||25||4||3||0||18||1||46||5
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
63||4||||||||||63||4
133||10||24||4||63||2||220||16
196||14||24||4||63||2||283||20
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||11||1
|-
|2004||11||4
|-
|2005||9||3
|-
|2006||9||3
|-
|2007||11||4
|-
|2008||10||2
|-
|2009||9||1
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||71||18
|}
References
1982 births
Living people
Croatian footballers
Croatia at UEFA Euro 2004
Croatia at UEFA Euro 2008
Croatia at UEFA Euro 2012
Croatia at UEFA Euro 2016
Talihina, Oklahoma

Talihina is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Towns in Oklahoma
Greg Winter

Sir Gregory Paul Winter (born 14 April 1951) is a British biochemist. He is best known for his work on the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies. He invented techniques to both humanise (1986) and, later, to fully humanise using phage display, antibodies for therapeutic uses.
Winter won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George P. Smith and Frances Arnold.
References
1951 births
Living people
British chemists
British biologists
People from Leicester
Randolph County, Indiana

Randolph County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 26,171 people lived there. The county seat is Winchester.
References
1818 establishments in Indiana
Indiana counties
Sid Fleischman

Albert Sidney "Sid" Fleischman (March 16, 1920 - March 17, 2010) was a Newbery Medal-winning American author who was known for his award-winning book The Whipping Boy and for Humbug Mountain. He also won the Horn Book Award. The Sid Fleischman Award for funny fiction books for children or young adults was named after him.
Fleischman was born on March 16, 1920 in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Russian Jews. He was raised in San Diego, California and in Santa Monica, California. Fleischman studied at San Diego State University.
Fleischman was married to Betty Taylor from 1952 until her death in 1993. They had three children. Their son Paul also became an Newbery Medal-winning writer. They were the only father and son to win a Newbery Medal. Fleischman died on March 17, 2010 in Santa Monica, California from cancer, just a day after his birthday, aged 90.
References
Other websites
Sid Fleischman's official website
Sid Fleischman's obituary
Sid Fleischman's Biography
1920 births
2010 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles County, California
Jewish American writers
Writers from New York City
Writers from San Diego, California
People from Santa Monica, California
Dave Adolph

Dave Adolph (June 6, 1937 - February 12, 2017) was an American football coach. He held coaching positions at National Football League teams including the Cleveland Browns, Oakland Raiders, Kansas City Chiefs and San Diego Chargers. He was born in Akron, Ohio.
Adolph died on February 12, 2017, at the age of 79.
References
1937 births
2017 deaths
American football coaches
American football linebackers
Sportspeople from Akron, Ohio
List of counties in Michigan

There are 83 counties in the U.S. state of Michigan.
List of counties
Former counties
Brown County: formed in 1818 from unorganized territory. Given to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Brown County, Wisconsin.
Keskkauko County: formed in 1840 from part of Mackinac County. Renamed Charlevoix County in 1843. Annexed to Emmet County in 1853. Reformed as Charlevoix County from Emmet County in 1869.
Crawford County: formed in 1818 from unorganized territory when Michigan Territory was expanded to include area west of Lake Michigan upon formation of ths state of Illinois. Transferred to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Crawford County, Wisconsin.
Des Moines County: formed in 1834 from unorganized territory. Given to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Des Moines County, Iowa.
Dubuque County: formed in 1834 from unorganized territory. Given to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Dubuque County, Iowa.
Iowa County: formed in 1830 from part of Crawford County. Given to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Iowa County, Wisconsin.
Isle Royale County: formed in 1875 from part of Keweenaw County. Returned to it in 1897.
Manitou County: formed in 1855 from parts of Emmet County and Leelenau County. County was ended in 1895 and added to Charlevoix County and Leelanau County.
Milwaukee County: formed in 1834 from part of Brown County. Given to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.
Omeena County: formed in 1840 from part of Mackinac County. Added to Grand Traverse County in 1853.
Wyandot County: formed in 1840 from part of Mackinac County. Added to Cheboygan County in 1853.
References
More reading
County histories published in Michigan History Magazine. Some back issues that include these histories are still available for purchase.
at Google books
Michigan
Željka Cvijanović

Zeljka Cvijanovic (born 4 March 1967), is a Bosnian Serb politician, serving as the 8th and current Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. She was the 9th President of Republika Srpska from 2018 until 2022.
She was the 11th Prime Minister of Republika Srpska from 12 March 2013 to 19 November 2018.
On 7 October 2018 she was elected to be President of Republika Srpska. Cvijanovic is a member of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats.
At the 2022 general election, she became the first woman to be elected member of the Presidency.
References
1967 births
Living people
Presidents of Republika Srpska
Prime Ministers of Republika Srpska
John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM (12 November 1842 - 30 June 1919) was an English Physicist. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. He discovered argon and Rayleigh scattering.
1842 births
1919 deaths
Order of Merit
United Kingdom Barons
British physicists
People from Essex
British Nobel Prize winners
1880s

Events
The first commercial Macadamia nut farm opens in Australia.
Railroads help industrialize many western countries.
World leaders
Emperor Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary)
Prime Min Sir John A. Macdonald (Canada)
Guangxu Emperor (China)
Emperor Wilhelm I (German Empire)
Emperor Wilhelm II (German Empire)
Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (German Empire)
King Umberto I (Italy)
Pope Leo XIII
Emperor Meiji (Japan)
General Porfirio Diaz (Mexico)
Czar Alexander II (Russia)
King Alfonso XII (Spain)
Queen - Empress Victoria (United Kingdom)
Prime Min William Ewart Gladstone (United Kingdom)
Prime Min Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (United Kingdom)
President James Garfield (United States)
President Rutherford B. Hayes (United States)
President Chester A. Arthur (United States)
President Grover Cleveland (United States)
Nasser-al-Din Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)
Emperor Pedro II (Brazil)
Andrew Fire

Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959 in Palo Alto, California) is an American biologist. He is a professor of pathology and genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine. Fire was given the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of RNA interference. The research was conducted at Carnegie Institution for Science and published in 1998.
Education
Fire completed high school at age 15. He wanted to study at Stanford University, where he would later work, but was not accepted. He studied at the University of Californiaat Berkeley. Fire graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics at 19, and earned a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1983.
Nobel prize
In 2006, Fire and Craig Mello shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work first published in 1998 in the journal Nature. The paper reports that tiny snippets of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) effectively shut down specific genes, and so caused the destruction of messenger RNA (mRNA) with sequences matching the dsRNA. As a result, the mRNA cannot be translated into protein.
Fire and Mello found that dsRNA was much more effective in gene silencing than the previously described method of RNA interference with single-stranded RNA. Because only small numbers of dsRNA molecules were required for the observed effect, Fire and Mello proposed that a catalytic process was involved. This hypothesis was confirmed by later research.
The Nobel Prize citation, issued by Sweden's Karolinska Institute, said: "This year's Nobel Laureates have discovered a fundamental mechanism for controlling the flow of genetic information". The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) quoted Nick Hastie, director of the Medical Research Council's Human Genetics Unit, on the scope and implications of the research:
"It is very unusual for a piece of work to completely revolutionise the whole way we think about biological processes and regulation, but this has opened up a whole new field in biology".
References
1959 births
Living people
American biologists
American Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from California
Jewish American scientists
People from Palo Alto, California
St. Agatha, Maine

St. Agatha is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Lars Vogt

Lars Vogt (8 September 1970 - 5 September 2022) was a German concert pianist and conductor. Vogt was born in Duren, Germany. He became known after winning the 1990 Leeds International Piano Competition. He founded the festival 'Spannungen' in Heimbach (Eifel) in 1998. In October 2019, the Orchestre de chambre de Paris (OCP) announced the appointment of Vogt as its new music director.
In February 2021, Vogt was diagnosed with cancer. He died on 5 September 2022 from the disease three days before his 52nd birthday.
References
1970 births
2022 deaths
German pianists
German conductors
Cancer deaths in Germany
Dagr

Dagr (Old Norse "day") is a personification of a day in the Norse mythology. He is a son of the dawn god Dellingr and personification of the night Nott. He is a half-brother of Audr and Jord (Earth). His nephew is Thor.
Odin took Dagr and Nott, gave them each a chariot and a horse--Dagr receiving the horse Skinfaxi--and placed them in the sky to ride around the earth every 24 hours.
Norse mythology
Trent Alexander-Arnold

Trent John Alexander-Arnold (born 7 October 1998) is an English professional footballer. He plays for Premier League club Liverpool and the England national team. He plays as a right-back. He was born in West Derby, Liverpool.
Alexander-Arnold is an academy graduate of Liverpool. He made played his first senior game for Liverpool in 2016, aged 18. He has since made over 70 appearances and won the club's Young Player of the Season award in 2017 and 2018. He won the 2018-19 UEFA Champions League with Liverpool, starting in the final.
Alexander-Arnold represented England at all youth levels from under-16 through to under-21. He then played his first senior game for his country in June 2018. He played for England at the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Honours
Liverpool
UEFA Champions League: 2018-19; runner-up: 2017-18
England
FIFA World Cup fourth place: 2018
References
Other websites
Trent Alexander-Arnold at the Liverpool F.C. website
Trent Alexander-Arnold at the Football Association website
1998 births
Living people
Association football defenders
Association football full-backs
Black British sportspeople
English footballers
Liverpool F.C. players
Sportspeople from Liverpool
Premier League players
2022 FIFA World Cup players
Genderfluid

Gender-fluidity describes the experience of changing gender identity over time. They can fluctuate between any gender, such as feeling more feminine or masculine.
Resources
Non-binary gender
Bandō, Ibaraki

is a city in Ibaraki, Japan.
The city of Bando is made up of the old city of Iwai and the town of Sashima, which joined on March 22, 2005.
Sister cities
Pine Bluff, Arkansas United States
Notable people from Bando
Keita Goto, professional footballer
Makoto Takimoto, judoka
Wakanami Jun, sumo wrestler
Other websites
Official website of Bando
Cities in Ibaraki Prefecture
Gas mask

A gas mask is a kind of mask that fits over the face area and nose. It protects from poison gases and many other hazards in the air. During World War II gas masks were sent all over England. They were worn everywhere, even to sleep, in case of surprise attack. However, the Germans didn't attack with gas bombs. Gas masks have a filter, a type of material which lets good air in.
as you can see gas masks were used during WWII but they are still used in today's wars.
Protective clothing
Headgear
pt:Mascara contra gases
Fort Benton, Montana

Fort Benton is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Chouteau County. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,464 people.
Established in 1846, Fort Benton is the oldest settlement in Montana. The Missouri River flows along the town.
References
Cities in Montana
County seats in Montana
19th-century establishments in Montana
1846 establishments in the United States
Baluchistan Agency

The Baluchistan Agency was one of the agencies of British India. Agency Territories, with an area of 44,345 square miles (208.262 km2), composed of tracts which had, from time to time, been acquired by lease or otherwise brought under control and been placed directly under British officers.
This agency consisted of three princely states, Kalat and its two feudatory states Las Bela and Kharan. The British government maintained the administrative control through their political agent in Kalat.
British India
Polish Wikipedia

The Polish Wikipedia (In Polish: Wikipedia polskojezyczna) is the Polish-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in September 2001. It is currently the 10th largest edition by article count.
It currently has over articles.
References
Other websites
Polish Wikipedia main page
Wikipedias
Herod Agrippa II

Herod Agrippa II (AD 27/28 - 92 or 100) was the latest leader from the Herodian dynasty. He was born in the family of Herod Agrippa.
References
27 births
90s deaths
Nasal bilabial click

The bilabial nasal click is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
Roger Couderc

Roger Couderc is a French sports journalist, specialist in rugby, born July 12, 1918 in Souillac (Lot) and died February 25, 1984 in Bron.
His enthusiastic comments on television and radio have gone a long way in expanding the popularity of rugby in France, especially north of the Loire. The players of the France team nicknamed him "the sixteenth man of the XV of France".
References
1918 births
1984 deaths
French journalists
Raj Kapoor

Ranbir Raj Kapoor (14 December 1924 - 2 June 1988) was an Indian movie actor, producer and director.
Kapoor is thought of as one of the greatest and most influential actors and moviemakers in the history of Indian cinema. Kapoor won many awards. These include 3 National Film Awards and 11 Filmfare Awards in India. He was nominated twice for the Palme d'Or grand prize at the Cannes Film Festival. His performance in Awaara was named one of the top ten greatest performances of all time by Time magazine. His movies were popular worldwide, particularly in Asia and Europe. He was called "the Clark Gable of the Indian film industry".
The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971.
Early life
Kapoor was born in 1924 to Prithviraj Kapoor and Ramsarni Devi Kapoor. The Kapoor family is well known for their acting and directing in India. Kapoor's father, brothers, children and grandchildren have had success as actors or producers.
Kapoor acted in his first movie when he was only 10 years old.
Career
Kapoor was the lead actor for the first time in Neel Kamal (1947). His co-star was Madhubala. In 1947, he started his own movie company, R. K. Films. At 24 years old, he directed his first movie Aag. His co-star was Nargis. He and Nargis worked together in 16 movies, 6 of these were produced by Kapoor. His first major success as an actor was in the movie Andaz directed by Mehboob Khan. Andaz was the second-highest earning movie in 1949. The highest earning movie that year was Barsaat, also starring Kapoor.
He went on to produce and star in several hit movies made by his company including Awaara (1951), Shree 420 (1955), and Jagte Raho (1956). His movie Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai, directed by Radhu Karmakar, won Filmfare Award for Best Film. Kapoor also won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for the movie. The romantic musical movie Sangam was his first movie in colour.
In 1970, he produced, directed and starred in his movie Mera Naam Joker. The movie took more than six years to complete but it did not earn very much money. Later in 1973, his movie Bobby became the highest earning movie of the year and the second highest earning movie of the 1970s at the Indian box office. The movie was the first lead role for Kapoor's son, Rishi Kapoor.
Later movies produced and directed by Kapoor focused on the female lead character. The movie Prem Rog (1982) with Padmini Kolhapure won the Filmfare Award for Best Director.
Filmography
References
Other websites
1924 births
1988 deaths
Indian movie actors
Indian movie directors
Indian movie producers
Actors from Mumbai
ARD (broadcaster)

ARD is a public broadcaster in Germany. The name is an abbreviation. It stands for Arbeitsgemeinschaft der offentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. This can be translated as "Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany". The company is made of different regional broadcasters. It provides one of the two (publicly funded) television programmes in Germany, amongst other programmes. The other publicly funded TV program is called Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF, in short).
It was founded in West Germany in 1950. It was made for common interests of the new, de-centralized post-war broadcasting services - in particular, the introduction of a joint television network.
ARD is made of the following regional broadcasters: BR, HR, MDR, NDR, Radio Bremen, RBB, SR, SWR, and WDR, as well as international broadcaster Deutsche Welle.
They make a total of 54 regional and local radio stations and networks, two nationwide radio channels, and seven regional TV networks. During certain parts of the day some of these split even further.
German broadcasting companies
1950 establishments in Europe
1950s establishments in Germany
Microsoft Paint

Microsoft Paint, also called MS Paint or simply Paint is a computer program made by Microsoft. It allows people to create picture files as well as edit picture files saved on their computer. Microsoft Paint is also a program for adding texts to images saved on a computer. There are various tools to help people edit photos, including:
the paint bucket
pencils
spray can
eraser
line and curved line tools
multiple shape tools
text tool
cut out tool
The program has a color palette displayed on the bottom left of the screen, as well as an "Edit Colors..." menu, allowing users to create all the shades they need.
Using the selection tools (the 2 tools at the top if the tools bar), users can select all or part of an image and then cut, copy, delete and paste it.
Many digital artists or editors prefer programs like Photoshop, but many on a tighter budget or with less time on their hands use Paint. Because of this, there are many Internet tutorials to help enhance the creative skill of every Microsoft Painter.
References
Microsoft software
Graphics software
Praslin, Aube

Praslin is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Communes in Aube
Jaligny-sur-Besbre

Jaligny-sur-Besbre is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Józef Rysula

Jozef Rysula (13 March 1939 - 23 November 2020) was a Polish cross-country skier. He competed at the 1960 Winter Olympics, the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1968 Winter Olympics. He was born in Koscielisko, Poland.
Rysula died on 23 November 2020 at the age of 81.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
Polish Olympians
Polish skiers
Langendorf, Switzerland

Langendorf is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Johanna Welin

Johanna Welin (born 24 June 1984) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.
References
1984 births
Living people
German Paralympic gold medalists
German Paralympic silver medalists
German wheelchair basketball players
Courtland, Mississippi

Courtland is a town in Panola County, Mississippi, United States.
Towns in Mississippi
Olfaction

Olfaction is the sense of smell. The sense of smell is how a human or animal notices a smell (or odour or odor) by using the nose. Many animals have better noses than people. Some animals can detect small particles in the air or sometimes water that people cannot.
People have special cells in the nose that can detect some chemicals. These are special nerve cells attached to the olfactory epithelium. All vertebrates have these cells. The smell is first processed by the olfactory system. The information is given to the olfactory bulb in the front of the forebrain.
In insects, smells are sensed by sensillum on the antennae and first processed by the antennal lobe.
Olfactory reception cells
The olfactory reception (OR) cells are neurons (nerve cells). Many tiny hair-like cilia stick out of these cells into the mucus covering the surface of the epithelium. The surface of these cilia is covered with olfactory receptors, a kind of protein.
There are about 1000 different genes which code for the ORs, though only about a third are functional. The rest are pseudogenes. The OR genes are the largest gene family. An odor molecule dissolves into the mucus of the olfactory epithelium and then binds to an OR. Various odor molecules bind to various ORs. The basis of the sense of smell is that different groups of scent molecules bind to different receptor cells and so fire different groups of neurons. Inside the olfactory region of the brain, the firing of neurons produces the perceived smell.
When the OR is activated, changes start in the cells. Positive ions come in and negative ions go out of the cells. This causes the neuron to fire an impulse (generate an action potential).
References
Other websites
Smells and Odours - How Smell Works
Olfaction
The importance of smell, and pheromones, to Humans and other Animals
Structure-odor relations: a modern perspective (PDF)
Olfactory network dynamics and the coding of multidimensional signals (PDF)
Sensory system
Scott Baio

Scott Vincent James Baio (born September 22, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American movie and television actor and television director. He is best known for his roles as Chachi Arcola on the sitcom Happy Days and its spin-off, Joanie Loves Chachi. He was the main character in the series Charles in Charge. Baio has been married to Renee Sloan since 2007. He has a daughter and a stepdaughter. Baio had two reality television series Scott Baio Is 45...and Single (2007) and Scott Baio Is 46...and Pregnant (2008) premiered on VH1.
References
Other websites
1960 births
Living people
Actors from Brooklyn
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
The Princess and the Pea

"The Princess and the Pea" is a literary fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. It was first published in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1835. It appeared as the third tale in the first book of Andersen's Fairy Tales Told for Children. The other tales in the little book were "The Tinderbox", "Big Claus and Little Claus", and "Little Ida's Flowers".
The story tells of a maiden whose royalty is established by her sensitivity to a pea placed under her matresses. Stories of super-sensitivity are rare. They are not unknown however in world literature and lore. Andersen heard the tale of the pea as a child, but it is unknown in Danish folk tradition. He probably heard a Swedish version of the tale.
The critics did not like these four stories. They did not like their informal, chatty style. They thought the stories immoral. The stories did not promote good behaviour and the mores of the times. "Little Claus and Big Claus", for instance, featured unpunished lying, hoodwinking, theft, and adulterous conduct.
The story has been adapted to various media including a television program on Shelley Duval's Fairy Tale Theatre. A popular musical play of the 1960s was based on the story called Once Upon a Mattress. It starred comedienne Carol Burnett.
Story
A prince decides to marry. He wants a real princess as his bride. He searches the world, but does not find one. He returns home disappointed.
One stormy night, a rain-soaked maiden comes to the castle door. She is seeking shelter. She says she is a real princess.
The Queen uses a test to determine if the maiden is really a princess. She puts a pea upon a bed. She then puts 20 mattresses and 20 feather beds upon the bed. Here the princess must pass the night.
In the morning, the maiden says that she could not sleep. She says there was something hard in the bed that kept her tossing and turning all night. Everyone now realizes she is a real princess! Only a real princess is so sensitive that she can feel a pea beneath a huge pile of bedding!
References
Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. The Classic Fairy Tales. Oxford University Press. pp. 216-218
Other websites
"Prinsessen pa aerten" Original Danish text
"The Princess and the Pea" English translation by Jean Hersholt
Archived audio version of the story
Fairy tales
Works by Hans Christian Andersen
Azealia Banks

Azealia Amanda Banks (born May 31, 1991) is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. She was born in Harlem, New York City. On November 9, 2008 she made a Myspace account and released her first song, "Gimme a Chance" on it as "Miss Bank$". Later that year she was signed by XL Recordings. In 2011 Banks was chosen by NME as No.1 of their Cool List of the year.
Her first album Broke with Expensive Taste is going to be released in January 2014. Her second album, Fantasea II: The Second Wave is going to be released July 2013.
On December 6, 2011 Banks' first single "212" was released. On May 28, 2012 her first EP 1991 was released in the UK. It was released in the US the next day. A video for the song "Van Vogue" was released. On July 11, 2012 a 19-song mixtape called Fantasea was released for free download. Banks' second single "Esta Noche" was going to be released September 25, 2012, but a day before this was cancelled because the producer Munchi said she "stole" the track.
On December 4, 2012 the single "Liquorice" was released.
Banks made a dark purple lipstick with MAC called "Yung Rapunxel". It was marketed online from September 6 to 20, 2012.
On January 10, 2014 Banks released a remix of "Partition" by Beyonce Knowles she made with Busta Rhymes.
Personal life
Banks is bisexual.
References
Other websites
Official website
1991 births
Living people
Rappers from New York (state)
African-American rappers
Actors from New York City
American electronic musicians
American hip hop singers
American record producers
American singer-songwriters
Bisexual people
LGBT African Americans
LGBT actors
LGBT people from New York (state)
LGBT singers
LGBT songwriters
Movie actors
People from Harlem
Singers from New York City
Mavie Bardanzellu

Maria Vittoria "Mavie" Bardanzellu (6 April 1938 - 5 February 2022) was an Italian actress. She was born in Luras, Sardinia, Kingdom of Italy. Her best known roles were in A Question of Honour, Menage all'italiana, Carogne si nasce, Silvia e l' amore and Silvia e l'amore.
Bardanzellu died on 5 February 2022, at the age of 83.
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian stage actors
People from Sardinia
Stanley Baldwin

Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times. He presided over the economic crisis of the 1930s and abdication of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom.
He also believed in being soft on Germany since many people in nearby countries were German and wanted to become part of it, the country stopped the Soviet Union from spreading its communism and most British people did not want another world war.
1867 births
1947 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Chancellors of the Exchequer
English Anglicans
Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)
Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)
Politicians from Worcestershire
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1906-1910
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910-1918
UK MPs 1918-1922
UK MPs 1922-1923
UK MPs 1923-1924
UK MPs 1924-1929
UK MPs 1929-1931
UK MPs 1931-1935
UK MPs 1935-1945
United Kingdom Earls
Annika Evaldsson

Annika Evaldsson, born 14 May 1970 in Asarna, Sweden, is a Swedish cross country skier. She competed at international top level from 1992 to 2002. Her best World Cup finish was seventh in a sprint event in Sunne in Sweden on 11 March 1997.
During the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, she finished 25th in the 5 kilometers event and 29th in both the 5 km + 10 kilometers combined pursuit and the 15 kilometers events. Her best finish during the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was when she ended up 14th in the 5 kilometer event at Trondheim in 1997.
During Swedish national championships she won the 5 kilometers events in the years of 1996 and 1997 and the sprint event in the year 2000. She was also part of Solleftea SK's 3 x 5 kilometers relay-winning team in the years of 1994 and 1995. In the year 2000 she won Tjejvasan.
References
FIS
1970 births
Living people
1994 Winter Olympics
Swedish skiers
Henry Graff

Henry Franklin Graff (August 11, 1921 - April 7, 2020) was an American historian. He was on the faculty of Columbia University from 1946 to 1991. He was Chairman of the History Department there.
Graff's works focused in the history of the Presidency of the United States and of American foreign relations. He was known for his "Seminar on the Presidency", which was one of Columbia's most popular courses. It was attended by President Harry Truman in 1959 and President Gerald Ford in 1989. Graff was Chairman of the Pulitzer Prize jury in American history.
In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson made Graff in charge of the National Historical Publications Commission and in 1993 President Bill Clinton hired Graff to lead the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Review Board.
Graff died on April 7, 2020 in Greenwich, Connecticut at the age of 98. The cause of death was COVID-19.
References
1921 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
American historians
Educators from New York City
American political writers
Writers from New York City
Peace River

The Peace River is a river of Canada. It starts in the mountains of British Columbia, flowing southeast and east into Alberta. There it turns northeast through the Canadian prairies. After a journey of it joins with the Athabasca River, forming the Slave River.
Rivers of Canada
Thumeries

Thumeries is a commune in the Nord department in north France. In 2015, population was 3942 people.
References
Communes in Nord
Fofi Gennimata

Fotini "Fofi" Gennimata ( ; 17 November 1964 - 25 October 2021) was a Greek politician. She was president of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) from 2015 to 2021. She also was a member of the Hellenic Parliament between 2000 to 2002, a short time in 2012 and again from 2015 until her death. Gennimata was born in Athens, Greece.
Gennimata was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2008. She died from the disease at a hospital in Athens on 25 October 2021, aged 56.
References
1964 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Politicians from Athens
Meg Griffin

Meg Griffin is a character in the television comedy Family Guy.
Overview
At age 18, she is the oldest child of Lois Griffin and Peter Griffin. She has two younger siblings, Chris and Stewie.
Meg is one of the most hated members of her family and is bullied and humorlessly abused by her own family and friends because she is believed very ugly by everybody, except by a nerd at her school who has a crush on Meg, that she doesn't want. Buttocks
Family Guy characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Animated human characters
Zipper

This article is about the fastening device called the zip. For information on the acronym ZIP, please see that article.
A zipper (zip fastener or zip in British English) is a device for temporarily joining two edges of fabric together. It is widely used in clothing and other textiles.
Description
The bulk of a zip consists of two strips of fabric tape, one permanently fixed to each of the two flaps to be joined, and each carrying tens or hundreds of specially shaped metal or plastic teeth. Another part, the slider, which is operated by hand, rides up and down the two sets of teeth. Inside the slider is a Y-shaped channel that pushes the opposing sets of teeth together or apart, depending on the slider's direction of travel. The zip is usually fitted vertically in clothing so that pushing the slider from top to bottom opens it, and pushing it from bottom to top closes it. If the slider got lose then the zipper becomes non-functinal and needs to fix it .The friction of the slider against the teeth causes a characteristic buzzing noise which is probably the origin of the name zip.
History
An early device similar to the zip, 'an Automatic, Continuous Clothing Closure', was patented in the USA by Elias Howe in 1851, but did not reach the market. Whitcomb Judson patented a similar 'Clasp Locker', for fastening shoes, in 1891 or 1893, and marketed the invention through his 'Universal Fastener' company. These two designs used hooks and eyes. The design used today, based on interlocking teeth, was invented by an employee of Judson's, Swedish scientist Gideon Sundback, in 1913 as the 'Hookless Fastener' and patented in 1917 as the 'Separable Fastener'. The B. F. Goodrich Company coined the name 'Zipper' in 1923, and used the device on tobacco pouches and boots. The zip became popular for children's clothing and men's trousers in the 1920s and 1930s. At this stage, the zip was permanently joined at one end, so could not be used to fasten jackets.
Clothing
Mokosh

Mokosh () is a Slavic goddess of fate and the protector of women in childbirth.
Slavic gods and goddesses
Gérardmer

Gerardmer is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Vosges department in northeast France.
Twin towns
Gerardmer is twinned with:
Le Locle, Switzerland
Tidermene, Mali
Waremme, Belgium
References
Other websites
Official website
Communes in Vosges
Monastir

Monastir (Muristeni) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 4,567 people lived there. Its area is 31.79 km2. It is 81 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Aschau im Zillertal

Aschau im Zillertal is a municipality of the district Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
S-chanf

S-chanf (; ; ) is a municipality of the district of Maloja in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
http://www.s-chanf.ch
Municipalities of Graubunden