pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Self-organization

Self-organization is a process where some form of order arises out of a random system. The process is spontaneous: it happens on its own. It is not directed or controlled by any agent inside or outside the system.
Self-organization occurs in a variety of physical, chemical, biological, social and cognitive systems. A common example is crystallization. An example from biological chemistry is the lipid bilayer, which is the basis of the cell membrane, and so is of great importance.
Many self-organising things have properties which are "emergent". What this means is that one can't predict what will happen, usually because the possibilities are too many to study. Some examples:
Protein folding: after RNA translation, proteins fold themselves up into their working shape. For every protein there are one or two shapes which are stable, but it is almost impossible to predict the folding from the sequence of amino acids.
Liberal economic theory argues that free market economies create a spontaneous order, "a more efficient allocation of societal resources than any design could achieve". Friedrich Hayek. This is the concept of the "invisible hand" (Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations). By acting on information with greater detail and accuracy than is possible for any centralized authority, a more efficient economy is created to the benefit of the whole society.
References
Related pages
Autopoiesis
Cybernetics
Teleology
Systems theory
Biology
List of cities in Mongolia

This is a list of cities in Mongolia.
In the table a light pink color means the number of people went down. Light green means a growth of 1 to 2 percent. Dark green means growth of more than 2 percent
* - city proper, Nalaikh, Baganuur, Bagakhangai not included in this figure, they are separated in the table.
References
Mongolia, List of cities in
Cities in Mongolia
Mongolia
Bonnie Aarons

Bonnie Aarons (born June 3, 1979) is an American actress and writer. She is best known for her roles as the bum in Mulholland Drive (2001), Baroness Joy von Troken in The Princess Diaries (2001) and its sequel, The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004), and the demon nun Valak in The Conjuring 2 (2016) and its spinoff, The Nun (2018).
She was born in Los Angeles, California.
References
Other websites
1979 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
American YouTubers
Pseudonyms
Roundabout

A roundabout (also known as a traffic island) is a road circle joining three or more roads. Drivers follow a simple rule to avoid crashes.
In countries that drive on the left:
At the island, give way to traffic coming from your right.
The driver goes round the island in a clockwise direction.
In countries that drive on the right:
At the island, give way to traffic coming from your left.
The driver goes round the island in an anticlockwise direction.
Types of circular intersections
There are larger roundabouts that can have two to six lanes and can have traffic lights. These can sometimes be found at motorway junctions.
Gyratory system
The term "gyratory" (for example, Hanger Lane gyratory) is sometimes used in the United Kingdom for a larger roundabout with unusual features.
Roads
Aquamarine (color)

Aquamarine is a color, a light tint between blue and green. It is named for the gemstone aquamarine.
The first recorded use of aquamarine as a color name in English was in 1598.
The color medium aquamarine (shown below) is used for the uniforms of nurses and surgeons and also used to paint rooms in hospitals because it is regarded as a color that calms and relaxes the patients.
Tones of aquamarine color comparison chart
Related pages
List of colors
References
Wadern

Wadern is a municipality in Merzig-Wadern, a district (Kreis) in Saarland.
References
Other websites
Stadtteil Nunkirchen
Marienhauskliniken St. Elisabeth
Hochwald-Gymnasium Wadern
Towns in Saarland
Merzig-Wadern
Faroe Islanders

Faroe Islanders are people who inhabit the Faroe Islands.
References
Afrocarpus falcatus

Afrocarpus falcatus is a tree in the family Podocarpaceae. Common terms include common yellowwood, bastard yellowwood, outeniqua yellowwood, African fern pine, and weeping yew.
The tree is native to the montane forests of southern Africa. It can be found in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland. The tree is widespread in some areas and not considered threatened. In South Africa it is a protected tree in South Africa.
Description
This is an evergreen conifer. It often grows up to about 45 meters tall, but is known to reach 60 m. The trunk can be 2 to 3 m wide, and is gray-brown to reddish. The leaves are arranged in spirals on the branches. They are small and narrow, up to 4.5 cm long by about 6 mm wide.
Biology
Female trees bear their fruit only every few years. The main agents of seed dispersal are fruit bats. They eat the fleshy covering but discard the hard, woody seed.
Many birds feed on the fruits, such as hornbills, Cape parrot, purple-crested turaco, Knysna turaco, Ross's turaco, African olive pigeon, African green pigeon, and eastern bronze-naped pigeon. Colobus monkeys, bushpigs and rodents also feed on the fruits.
References
Conifers
Andermatt

Andermatt is a municipality of the canton of Uri in Switzerland. Around 1,500 people live in Andermatt.
References
Other websites
Official site
Municipalities of Uri
Tetragonia tetragonoides

Tetragonia tetragonoides, commonly called New Zealand spinach and other local names, is a flowering plant in the fig-marigold family (Aizoaceae). It is often cultivated as a leafy vegetable.
Gallery
References
Leaf vegetables
Caryophyllales
Tachikawa Station

Tachikawa Station is a train station that is in Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan. JR East operates this station.
Adjacent stations
Transfer
Tachikawa-Minami Station (Tama Toshi Monorail Line)
Tachikawa-Kita Station (Tama Toshi Monorail Line)
References
Other websites
JR East Tachikawa Station
Railway stations in Tokyo
Eiryaku

was a after Heiji and before Oho. This period started in January 1160 and ended in September 1161. During this time, the emperor was .
Events of the Eiryaku era
1160 (Eiryaku 1): Minamoto no Yoshitomo (1123-1180), was killed in a campaign to overthrow the imperial chancellor, Taira no Kiyomori; and his wife, Tokiwa Gozen was forced to flee Heian-kyo (Kyoto) with her three sons.
1161 (Eiryaku 2): The emperor married widow of Emperor Konoe.
Related pages
Heian period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
Turco-Mongol

Turco-Mongol, or Turko-Mongol, tradition was a cultural synthesis that emerged between the Mongol and Turkic rulers in the 13th century. The countries that followed the Central Asia Turko-Mongol traditions included the Timurid Empire, the Kazakh Khanate, the Khanate of Kazan, the Nogai Horde, the Crimean Khanate, and the Mughal Empire.
Related pages
Mongols
Turkic peoples
Timurid Empire
Tamerlane
Mughal Empire
Ethnology
Mongol peoples
Turkic peoples
Kutless

Kutless is a Christian rock band formed in 2000.
History
The band chose the name "Kutless" from a Bible verse, Romans 6:23. They chose this name because "[Jesus] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless.'"
Members
Current
Jon Micah Sumrall - lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano (2000-present)
James Mead - lead guitar, backing vocals (2001-present)
Jeffrey Gilbert - drums (2005-present)
Dave Luetkenhoelter - bass guitar (2005-present)
Nick DePartee - guitar, backing vocals (2007-present)
Former
Nathan "Stu" Stuart - bass guitar (2000-2002)
Kyle Zeigler - bass guitar (2002-2005)
Kyle Mitchell - drums (2000-2005)
Ryan Shrout - guitar, backing vocals (2000-2007)
Studio albums
References
American rock bands
American hard rock bands
Grunge bands
Christian rock bands
Musical groups from Oregon
Musical groups established in 2000
2000 establishments in the United States
21st-century establishments in Oregon
Mike McCormick (pitcher)

Michael Francis McCormick (September 29, 1938 - June 13, 2020) was an American baseball pitcher who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the New York and San Francisco Giants, Baltimore Orioles, Washington Senators, New York Yankees and Kansas City Royals from 1956 to 1971. He batted and threw left-handed and was primarily a starting pitcher.
McCormick died on June 13, 2020 in Cornelius, North Carolina from Parkinson's disease, aged 81.
References
1938 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
National League All-Stars
New York Giants (NL) players
San Francisco Giants players
Baltimore Orioles players
Texas Rangers players
New York Yankees players
Kansas City Royals players
Baseball players from California
Sportspeople from Pasadena, California
Extended periodic table

Scientists are trying to make new chemical elements that do not exist yet. In this way, they will extend (lengthen) the periodic table. As of 2022, the element with the highest atomic number is oganesson, element 118. Scientists have tried to make atoms with higher atomic numbers, by smashing smaller atoms together. Scientists have also made predictions about how to make these atoms. There is probably a biggest possible atomic number for any atom. Atoms with a higher atomic number than this cannot exist. However, scientists are not sure what this number is.
Layout
The extended periodic table is a version of the periodic table that is longer than the normal one, making room for future synthetic elements. The inner transition metals are placed between Group 2 and Group 3 on the periodic table. On a normal periodic table, the inner transition metals are below Groups 2 and 3.
Naming of elements
Each of these predicted elements can be given a name. These names are based on the digits of the atomic number. They were set by IUPAC, and come from Latin and Greek.
0: nil (N)
1: un (U)
2: bi (B)
3: tri (T)
4: quad (Q)
5: pent (P)
6: hex (H)
7: sept (S)
8: oct (O)
9: enn/en (E)
The chemical name and symbol come from these put together, followed by "ium" or "um". For example, element 138 is called untrioctium and has symbol Uto.
An element can also be named by "eka-" followed by the element above it in the periodic table. For example, ununennium can also be called eka-francium.
Predictions
Pekka Pykko has predicted how atomic orbitals will fill up as atomic number increases. According to this model, element 172 should be the end of the row that starts with element 119.
Related pages
Chemical element
Chemistry
References
Other websites
Images of g-orbitals
jeries.rihani.com Extended periodic table
Eric Scerri, The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press, 2007.
Periodic table
_Hypothetical
Nuclear physics
Yuki Soma

is a Japanese football player. He plays for the Japan national team.
Biography
Soma was born in Chofu on February 25, 1997. When he was a Waseda University student, he joined J1 League club Nagoya Grampus in 2018. In August 2019, he moved to Kashima Antlers on loan. In 2020, he returned to Nagoya.
In December 2019, Soma was selected the Japan national team for 2019 E-1 Football Championship. At this tournament, he debuted against China on December 10. At this tournament, he played all 3 matches.
Statistics
|-
|2018||rowspan="2"|Nagoya Grampus||rowspan="2"|J1 League||9||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||1
|-
|2019||16||1||1||0||7||3||1||0||25||4
|-
|2019||Kashima Antlers||J1 League||5||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1
|-
|2020||rowspan="2"|Nagoya Grampus||rowspan="2"|J1 League||31||2||colspan="2"|-||4||1||colspan="2"|-||35||3
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
61||5||1||0||11||4||1||0||74||9
61||5||1||0||11||4||1||0||74||9
|}
|-
|2019||3||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}
References
Other websites
1997 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Nagoya Grampus players
Kashima Antlers players
2022 FIFA World Cup players
1075

1075 (MLXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
February - Pope Gregory VII holds a council that publishes a decree against lay investiture.
April - Pope Gregory VII publishes the Dictatus Papae (Sayings of the Pope, aka the Dictates of Hildebrand), in which he asserts papal authority over earthly as well as spiritual rulers.
Revolt of the Earls: Three earls rebel against William I of England (William the Conqueror), in the last serious act of resistance to the Norman Conquest.
First Battle of Langensalza: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Saxon nobles and subjugates Saxony.
The Liao Dynasty version of the Buddhist Tripitaka is completed (approximate date).
Anund Gardske is removed as king of Svealand and king Hakan the Red of Gothenland makes himself king of all Sweden.
The Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem from the Fatimids.
Ly dynasty forces under Ly Thuong Kiet defend Vietnam against invasion by Song Dynasty China.
The Song Dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo solves a border dispute with the Liao Dynasty by finding old diplomatic records; he argues Emperor Daozong of Liao's bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern Pingquan in Hebei), and reestablishes the Song's borders.
Births
June 9 - Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1137)
Saint Magnus Erlendsson (d. 1116 or 1117)
Adelaide del Vasto (d. 1118)
Orderic Vitalis, monk and historian (approximate date)
Deaths
June 10 - Ernest of Austria (b. 1027)
August 2 - Patriarch John VIII of Constantinople
December 4 - Anno II, archbishop of Cologne
December 19 - Edith of Wessex, queen of Edward the Confessor of England
John Xiphilinus, Byzantine historian
Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, King of Gwynedd
Peter Kresimir IV, King of Croatia
References
Arandas, Ain

Arandas is a commune. It is found in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region in the Ain department in the east of France. In 2009, 165 people lived in the commune. The inhabitants are the Arandassiens. Famous people from Arandas include Anthelme Ferrand, a French politician in the late 19th century.
Communes in Ain
Alan Gray

Alan Gray (born in York, 23 December 1855; died in Cambridge, 27 September 1935) was a British organist and composer.
Gray was born in York. He went to St Peter's School in York, and Trinity College, Cambridge. From 1883 to 1893, he was Director of Music at Wellington College, Berkshire. In 1893, when Stanford left the post of organist at Trinity College, Alan went back there to become organist, and stayed there until 1930.
From 1922-1923 he was president of the Royal College of Organists.
Gray wrote several cantatas as well as chamber music and organ music, but he is mainly remembered for his church music, including an Evening Service in F minor (Magnificat and Nunc dimittis). He also composed several descants to various hymn tunes, several of them are still sung today. He did a lot of work as editor of the Purcell Society.
Alan Gray was a very tall man: 2 metres (nearly 6 ft 7in).
References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; , vol 7
1855 births
1935 deaths
English organists
English composers
People from York
Hyperplane arrangements

Hyperplane arrangements is a branch of mathematics that studies how smaller objects, called hyperplanes, can be arranged in a bigger object. This is related to other fields of mathematics like number theory, combinatorics, and topology.
Mathematics
Scalable Hosting

Scalable Hosting or "Scalacube" develops hosting services that include a control panel, allowing users to create their game servers for Minecraft, Rust, ARK, Hytale, etc. According to their website, they combines VPS and game server hosting.
The company was founded in January 2019 by Kostiantyn Rohatkin and is headquartered in Tallinn, Estonia. In October 2020, the business was accredited by the Estonian Startup Committee.
References
Internet
2019 establishments in Europe
Misaki Noro

Misaki Noro (born 12 April 1996) is a Japanese female water polo player who participated at the 2017 World Aquatic Championships and 2019 World Aquatic Championships.
References
Other websites
misaki-noro swimswam
Asian+Games+Day+2 Noro+Misaki zimbio
1996 births
Living people
Japanese water polo players
Mad Men

Mad Men (July 19, 2007 - May 17, 2015) is an American television drama series created and produced by Matthew Weiner. The series premiered on July 19, 2007 on the American cable television network AMC. The seventh and final season had 14 episodes that will be split into two seven-episode parts. These begin airing in early 2014 and early 2015. The first half of the final season premiered on April 13, 2014, and the second half of the final season ended on May 17, 2015.
Mad Men is set in the 1960s. The scene is the fictional Sterling Cooper advertising agency on Madison Avenue in New York City. Later it becomes the newly created company, Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce (later Sterling Cooper & Partners). According to the show's pilot, the phrase "Mad men" was a slang term started in the 1950s by advertisers working on Madison Avenue to refer to themselves. This claim has since been denied. The main character is Don Draper (Jon Hamm), creative director at Sterling Cooper and a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce. The plot focuses on the business of the advertising agency as well as the personal lives of the characters.
Mad Men has received widespread critical acclaim, particularly for its historical authenticity, visual style, costume design, acting, writing, and directing. The show has won many awards, including fifteen Emmys and four Golden Globes. It is the first basic cable series to win the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series, winning it in each of its first four seasons. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it sixth in its list of the sixty greatest dramas of all time. It was ranked seventh in a list of the 101 best-written TV series of all time by the Writers Guild of America.
References
1960s in fiction
2007 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
2000s American drama television series
2000s American workplace television series
2010s American drama television series
2010s American workplace television series
American workplace drama television series
Emmy Award winning programs
Manhattan in fiction
Period television series
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs
Colloquy (software)

Colloquy is an IRC client that first came out in 2005. The newest stable, or good version of IceChat is 2.1 that was made in 2007. Colloquy is free which means it does not cost any money to use. The programming language Colloquy is made in is Objective-C. It is licensed as GPL.
Related pages
List of IRC clients
IRC clients
Kelsey Plum

Kelsey Christine Plum is a basketball player from USA. Plum competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She was born on 24 August 1994.
References
Other websites
1994 births
Living people
Basketball players from California
American Olympic gold medalists
1333

1333 was a common year.
Events
End of the Kamakura period and beginning of the Kemmu restoration in Japan.
End of the reign of Emperor Kogon of Japan, first of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders.
July 19 - Battle of Halidon Hill, last of the wars of Scottish Independence.
Burke civil war begins in Ireland.
Births
Kanami, Japanese noh actor and writer (died 1384)
Blanche d'Evreux, French princess (died 1398)
Deaths
February 7 - Nikko, Japanese priest, founder of Nichiren Shoshu buddhism (born 1246)
September 25 - Prince Morikuni, 9th Kamakura shogun of Japan (born 1301)
November 15 - Nichimoku, Japanese priest, the 3rd high priest of Taisekiji temple and Nichiren Shoshu (born 1260)
William of Alnwick, Franciscan friar and theologian
Ladislaus I of Poland
Antipope Nicholas V
William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (born 1312)
Bousies

Bousies is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,757 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Pink-footed goose

The pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) is a goose which breeds in eastern Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. It is migratory. It winters in northwest Europe, especially Great Britain, the Netherlands, and western Denmark.
It is a medium-sized goose, 60-75 cm (24-30 in) long. The wingspan is 135-170 (53-67 in) cm. It weighs 1.8-3.4 kg (4-7.5 lbs). It has a short bill, bright pink in the middle with a black base and tip, and pink feet. The body is grey-brown, the head and neck a richer, darker brown, the rump white, and the tail grey with a broad white tip.
Ecology
Nesting is often on cliffs close to glaciers. This gives protection from mammalian predators (mainly Arctic Fox). Three to six eggs are laid in early to mid May in Iceland, late May in Svalbard. Incubation lasts 26-27 days. On hatching, the goslings go with the parents on foot to the nearest lake. They fledge after about 56 days. Southbound migration is from mid September to early October, and northbound from mid April to early May.
The diet is almost entirely vegetarian. In summer, they feed on a wide range of tundra plants, both on land and in water. In winter, they graze mostly on oilseed rape, sugar beet, potato, and various grasses. Damage to crops can be large.
References
Geese
Birds of Europe
Birds of Turkey
St. Joseph, Minnesota

St. Joseph is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Fox Series

The Fox Series Channel was a television channel located in the Middle East. It launched in 2008. The channel was relaunched as FOX on March 1, 2011.
Television channels
2008 establishments
Middle East
Rest mass

Rest mass (physics), the mass of a body as measured when the body is at rest, but it is relative to an observer who is moving or not, an inherent property of the body. All matter, such as any object, has some rest mass. Energy, such as light or kinetic energy (the energy of a moving object) has no rest mass because it causes no change in spacetime in a frozen time frame. However, energy affects mass while time passes; therefore, it affects spacetime, so it has mass.
References
Relativity
Waidring

Waidring is a municipality of the district of Kitzbuhel in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Putnam, Oklahoma

Putnam is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Towns in Oklahoma
Paul Malékou

Paul Malekou (born November 17, 1938) was the Foreign Minister of Gabon for a short time in 1968. He was born in Fougamou, Gabon. Malekou was Director-General of ASECNA from 1975 to 1983.
References
1938 births
Living people
Gabonese politicians
Planck units

The Planck units are physical units of measurement. The system of these units was first developed by Max Planck. The four basic Planck units are based only on four physical constants found in nature. When Planck units are used to express any of these four physical constants, the value is 1. This allows physicists to simplify many equations about physical law. Planck proposed these units in 1899.
Planck units are unique: they are based only on properties of free space (a vacuum). Planck units are also called natural units because they come only from properties of nature and not from any human construct. Planck units are only one system of natural units among other systems. The constants that Planck units define as 1 are these:
The speed of light in a vacuum, c;
The gravitational constant, G;
The reduced Planck constant, h;
The Boltzmann constant, kB (sometimes k).
Each of these constants has at least one fundamental physical theory: c with special relativity, G with general relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, h with quantum mechanics, e0 with electrostatics, and kB with statistical mechanics and thermodynamics.
Planck units are very important for theoretical physics, because they simplify several recurring algebraic expressions of physical law. They are particularly relevant in research on unified theories such as quantum gravity.
Planck units may sometimes be semi-humorously referred to by physicists as "God's units". They eliminate human centered arbitrariness from the system of units: some physicists argue that communication with extraterrestrial intelligence would have to use such a system of units to make common reference to scale. Unlike the meter and second, which exist as fundamental units in the SI system for historical reasons, the Planck length and Planck time are linked at a fundamental physical level.
Natural units help physicists to reframe questions. Frank Wilczek puts this succinctly:
The strength of gravity is simply what it is and the strength of the electromagnetic force is simply what it is.
References
Basic physics ideas
Units of measurement
Shyne

Moses Michael Levi Barrow (born Jamal Michael Barrow; November 8, 1978), better known by his stage name Shyne, is a Belizean rapper and politician. He is perhaps best known for his 2000 singles "Bad Boyz" and "Bonnie & Shyne". In 2020, he was elected a member of the House of Representatives. In 2022, he became a member of the Leader of the Opposition.
References
1978 births
Living people
Belizean politicians
Rappers
Fher Olvera

Jose Fernando Emilio "Fher" Olvera Sierra (born 8 December 1959) is a Mexican rock musician and singer-songwriter. He was the lead singer for the Mexican rock band Mana.
References
1959 births
Living people
Mexican singer-songwriters
Mexican guitarists
Elizabeth Smart

Elizabeth Ann Smart (born November 3, 1987) is an American woman who was kidnapped when she was 14 from her home in Salt Lake City, Utah on June 5, 2002. She was found alive on March 12, 2003 about 20 miles from her home. She was found with two homeless adults, Brian David Michell and Wanda Barzee. Barzee was Mitchell's legal wife. Police believe that Elizabeth was taken to be Mitchell's second wife.
Smart has put the kidnapping behind her. She is now studying harp at Brigham Young University. She would like to play harp in an orchestra or teach the harp to others. She has appeared on television in support of laws that would give child sex offenders a harsher punishment. She has said very little publicly about her kidnapping. She has also made it clear that she does not want to publicly comment very much about her ordeal.
References
1987 births
Living people
American crime victims
Kidnapped American people
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
Payzac, Ardèche

Payzac is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Second-class citizen

A second-class citizen is a person who is discriminated by their country, even though they are a citizen or legal resident.
Second-class citizenry is usually seen as a violation of human rights. African-Americans who lived in the United States during segregation, Indian natives during British rule in India, and black Africans who lived in South Africa under apartheid, were often described in this way. Other groups of people that have been or still are being treated as second class citizens are the Dalit of India, and Arab Christians.
Related pages
Constitution
Constitutional economics
Makoto Sakurai
Social groups
Human rights abuses
Discrimination
Rights
COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Kyrgyzstan in March 2020.
On 18 March 2020, the first three cases in the country were confirmed, after a citizen returned from Saudi Arabia. The health ministry also confirmed that all three suspected COVID-19 carriers are currently in quarantine. On the same day, the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan ruled that medical face masks to be imported into the country.
The government declared a one-month state of emergency starting 22 March. On the same day, all public transportation stopped operating in Bishkek, with exception of trolleybuses.
On 24 March, the government issued a decree declaring the state of emergency from 25 March till 15 April in three major cities of Bishkek, Osh and Jalal-Abad, while local emergencies were declared in three provincial districts.
References
2020s in Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
Hilbert space

A Hilbert space is a mathematical concept covering the extra-dimensional use of Euclidean space--i.e., a space with more than three dimensions. A Hilbert space uses the mathematics of two and three dimensions to try and describe what happens in greater than three dimensions. It is named after David Hilbert.
Vector algebra and calculus are methods normally used in the two-dimensional Euclidean plane and three-dimensional space. In Hilbert spaces, these methods can be used with any finite or infinite number of dimensions. A Hilbert space is a vector space that has the structure of an inner product that allows length and angle to be measured. Hilbert spaces also have to be complete, which means that enough limits have to exist for calculus to work.
The earliest Hilbert spaces were studied in the first decade of the 20th century by David Hilbert, Erhard Schmidt, and Frigyes Riesz. John von Neumann first came up with the name "Hilbert Space". Hilbert space methods made a big difference to functional analysis.
Hilbert spaces show up a lot in mathematics, physics, and engineering, often as infinite-dimensional function spaces. They are especially useful for studying partial differential equations, quantum mechanics, Fourier analysis (which includes signal processing and heat transfer). Hilbert spaces are used in ergodic theory which is the mathematical basis of thermodynamics. All normal Euclidean spaces are also Hilbert spaces. Other examples of Hilbert spaces include spaces of square-integrable functions, spaces of sequences, Sobolev spaces made up of generalized functions, and Hardy spaces of holomorphic functions.
References
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
; originally published Monografje Matematyczne, vol. 7, Warszawa, 1937.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Other websites
Hilbert space at Mathworld
245B, notes 5: Hilbert spaces by Terence Tao
Calculus
Quantum mechanics
List of emperors of Japan

The list of emperors of Japan presents the traditional order of succession. Records of the reigns of the emperors of Japan were compiled according to the traditional Japanese calendar, and these traditional dates have been converted into the Western calendar format.
Emperors of Japan
Related pages
Japanese imperial family tree
Line of succession to the Japanese throne
References
Lists of monarchs
Lists of Japanese people
Ecbatana

Ecbatana was an ancient Iranian city. It was the capital city of the Median Empire. There is a modern Iranian city that was built in the same place as Ecbatana. It is called Hamadan.
References
Other websites
Official Ecbatana website
Former national capitals
History of Iran
Halvard Kausland

Halvard Magne Kausland (25 April 1945 - 21 December 2017) was a Norwegian jazz guitarist, composer and civil servant. He was born in Sund, Sotra, Norway. Kausland was also a well-known jazz guitarist, having played in the band of Ole Paus among other things. Kausland had been appointed as acting director of the Arts Council Norway from 1 November 1996 to 31 March 2000.
From 1966 to 1979 he was married to Grethe Kausland.
Kausland died of thyroid cancer in Oslo on 21 December 2017 at the age of 72.
References
1945 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from thyroid cancer
Cancer deaths in Norway
Norwegian jazz musicians
Norwegian guitarists
Cor anglais

The cor anglais, or English horn, is a double reed instrument in the woodwind family. It is very similar to an oboe, but as it is longer than an oboe it plays lower notes.
The lowest note of an oboe is B flat (just below Middle C). The lowest note of a cor anglais is an E natural, a diminished fifth (five notes of a scale, minus a semitone) lower than the oboe's lowest note.
The cor anglais is a transposing instrument pitched in F. This means that the music sounds a fifth lower than written. This has the advantage that the cor anglais player uses fingering as if he were playing an oboe, but it will sound a fifth lower.
The bell (the bit at the end of the instrument) is shaped like a pear. This gives it a less nasal sound (the sound of the cor anglais is less as if played through the nose). The reed is not fixed to a piece of cork like the oboe reed but it is put straight onto the short piece of metal (called a "bocal") at the top of the instrument.
Etymology
The word "cor anglais" is a French word which literally means "English horn", but the cor anglais is neither English nor a horn. No one is sure how it got its name, but many people think it is because the bocal at the top is curved (the French word for curved, "angle" is pronounced like the word for English "anglais").
Repertoire
Many oboists can play the cor anglais as well, just as flautists can play the piccolo (if they play both instruments in the same concert this is called doubling).
There are few solo pieces for the instrument, but mostly it is used for solo melodies in slow pieces for orchestra because it can sound very expressive.
Some famous examples of cor anglais solos can be found in:
Alfred Reed's Russian Christmas Music (1944)
Antonin Dvorak's Symphony No. 9 (1893), the New World Symphony (Largo)
Joaquin Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez (1939) (2nd movement)
Hector Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique (third movement) (1830)
Alexander Borodin's Eine Steppenskizze aus Mittelasien
Double reed instruments
X rating

In the original Motion Picture Association of America film rating system, X rating represented that no one under 18 should be allowed to enter. Unlike the others, this rating was not copyrighted, and the rating became tied to pornography. Many theaters chose not to take an X rated movie, and many newspapers would not run ads for them. Certain movie companies had to release their films without rating, in particular independent movies. In Autumn 1990 the X was replaced with NC-17, but over the years, NC-17 absorbed the same stigma that the earlier X rating had.
Controversies
Movie ratings
Natland

Natland is a village and civil parish in South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 747 people living in Natland. It has a church called St Mark's Church.
References
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
A Murder of Quality

A Murder of Quality is the second novel by John le Carre. The main character is George Smiley. This is the only book about Smiley that is not about spying. It is a murder mystery.
Plot summary
George Smiley is a retired spy. Ailsa Brimley was a spy with him during World War II. Brimley is the editor of a small Christian magazine. She tells Smiley that she got a letter from a reader, Stella Rode. Rode wrote that her husband wants to kill her. Stella Rode is murdered. Smiley travels to Carne to investigate.
On television
John le Carre changed the novel to make a television program for Thames Television. A Murder of Quality was shown on ITV in 1991. It stars:
Denholm Elliott as George Smiley
Glenda Jackson as Ailsa Brimley
Joss Ackland as Terence Fielding
Billie Whitelaw as Mad Janie
David Threlfall as Stanley Rode
Christian Bale as the murdered student, Tim Perkins
References
Other websites
British novels
1962 books
Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon

Pokemon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon is a game in the 7th generation of Pokemon. It was released on the Nintendo 3DS in 2017.
2017 video games
Pokemon RPGs
Nintendo 3DS games
1979 Chicago blizzard

The Chicago blizzard of 1979 was a major blizzard that affected northern Illinois and northwest Indiana, United States on January 13-14, 1979. It was one of the largest Chicago snowstorms in history at the time, with 21 inches of snowfall in the two-day period.
Only two to four inches of snow was expected but by the end of January 14, the depth of snow on the ground peaked at 29 inches. The blizzard lasted for a total of 38 hours.
At its peak, wind gusts reached speeds of 39 miles per hour. Five people died during the blizzard, with about 15 others seriously injured. One of the five deaths came when a snowplow driver attacked 34 cars and a man.
References
20th century in Chicago
1979 in the United States
20th century in Indiana
1970s in weather
Charlottetown

Charlottetown is the capital and the largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island.
The population of Charlottetown was 34,562 in 2011. The mayor of Charlottetown is Clifford J. Lee.
The French were the first European settlers in the area and they founded a settlement in 1720 named Port La Joye. British forces built Fort Amherst near the site of the abandoned Port La Joye settlement after they took control of the settlement and the rest of the island during the height of the French and Indian War. The town is named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen consort of the United Kingdom.
Media
Charlottetown Stations
CBCT CBC
CKCW CTV Television Network
References
Other websites
Official website
Cities in Prince Edward Island
Provincial and territorial capitals of Canada
Corbon, Calvados

Corbon, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2015, it was merged with the commune of Notre-Dame-d'Estrees to the new commune Notre-Dame-d'Estrees-Corbon.
Former communes in Calvados
Little grebe

The little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), also known as dabchick, is 23 to 29 cm in length.
Birds of Pakistan
Podicipediformes
University of Valparaíso

University of Valparaiso () is a Chilean university. It is part of the Chilean Traditional Universities in Valparaiso.
Other websites
Official website
Colleges and universities in Chile
Valparaiso
1981 establishments in Chile
Meg Cabot

Meg Cabot (born Meggin Patricia Cabot on February 1, 1967) is an American writer. She writes romantic and paranormal fiction for teenagers and adults. She has published over fifty books. She is best known for The Princess Diaries. A movie was made based on that book.
Cabot was born in Bloomington, Indiana.
References
Other websites
American novelists
Writers from Indiana
1967 births
Living people
Chrysler Hemi engine

The Chrysler Hemi engine, known by the trademark Hemi nickname, is a series of V6 and V8 engines built by Chrysler with a hemispherical combustion chamber. Three different types of Hemi engines have been built by Chrysler for automobiles. The first (known as the Chrysler FirePower engine) from 1951 to 1958. The second type was made from 1964 to 1971. The third beginning in 2003. Although Chrysler is most identified with the use of "Hemi" as marketing term, many other auto and truck manufacturers have used similar designs. In general the Hemi engines are smaller and more powerful than older engine designs. They are also less expensive to build. They can produce a great amount of torque and horsepower for their size.
Australian Hemis
During the 1970s and 1980s, Chrysler also used the Hemi name for their Australian-made Hemi-6 Engine and applied it to the 4-cylinder Mitsubishi 2.6L engine. It was installed in various North American market vehicles.
References
Motors
Ibrahim Salah

Ibrahim Salah Abdel-Fattah (; born on April 1, 1987) is an Egyptian football midfielder. He plays for El Mokawloon SC.
References
1987 births
Egyptian footballers
Living people
Egypt international footballers
Edward C. Hayes

Edward Cary Hayes (February 10, 1868 - 1928) was a pioneer in American sociology. He was a founder and president of the American Sociological Association. He was born in Lewiston, Maine.
Hayes died in Urbana, Illinois, aged 60.
Other websites
Obituary, American Journal of Sociology, July 1929, 35(1): 93-99.
Kivisto, Peter. 2000. "Hayes, Edward Cary." American National Biography Online. American Council of Learned Societies: Oxford University Press, Retrieved March 14, 2003 ().
Sutherland, E. H. 1929. "Edward Cary Hayes, 1868-1928." American Journal of Sociology 35(1): 93-99.
American Sociological Association
1868 births
1928 deaths
American sociologists
Scientists from Maine
People from Lewiston, Maine
Ornithurae

Ornithurae (meaning 'bird tails' in Greek) is the name of a natural group which includes all modern birds as well as their extinct relatives with plough-shaped pygostyles (+Ichthyornis, +Hesperornithes, +Limenavis). This is a bone at the end of the tail which allows the tail feathers to fan and retract. Gansus, from the Lower Cretaceous of China is the earliest known at 110 million years ago.
Simple classification:
Birds
Ornithurae
Neornithes: modern birds: the most recent common ancestor of all living birds (class Aves) and all its descendants.
Palaeognathae (tinamous and flightless ratites)
Neognathae (all other modern birds)
Birds
Taxonomy
Air Belgium (2016)

Air Belgium S.A. is a Belgian airline with the main office in Mont-Saint-Guibert and based at Brussels South Charleroi Airport.
History
In the summer of 2016, the company was found by Niky Terzakis, who worked for ASL Airlines Belgium. The main goal was to link Belgium with Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an, Wuhan, Zhengzhou and Taiyuan.
The first flight from Brussels to Hong Kong was planned October 2017, but this was planned for later because the airline didn't have an air operator's certificate (AOC).
In December 2017, Air Belgium announced that the first flight should now take place in March 2018 from Brussels South Charleroi Airport instead of Brussels Airport because of lower airport taxes and easy accessibility; it was also announced that, for business class and premium passengers, the airline would operate from a new terminal, while economy passengers would use the regular terminal.
On 14 March 2018, the airline received its AOC and planned to begin operating scheduled flights from mid-April.
On 30 January 2021, Air Belgium announced that cargo flights will start with four Airbus A330-200F based in Liege Airport, on behalf of French shipping giant CMA CGM.
On 1 July, Air Belgium modernises its fleet with the induction of two new Airbus A330-900 aircraft and will fly from Brussels Airport to Mauritius from 15 October, 2021.
References
Companies of Belgium
Airlines of Europe
Joost Zwagerman

Johannes Jacobus Willebrordus (Joost) Zwagerman (18 November 1963 - 8 September 2015) was a Dutch writer, poet, and essayist. Among his teachers was the novelist Oek de Jong. He was born in Alkmaar in the Netherlands.
Zwagerman committed suicide in Haarlem, Netherlands, aged 51.
References
1963 births
2015 deaths
Dutch essayists
Dutch poets
People from Alkmaar
Writers from North Holland
Writers who committed suicide
Oakland, Nebraska

Oakland is a city in Burt County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,369 at the 2020 census. It is known for the large amount of Swedish-Americans living here, which led to the city nickname of "Swedish Capital of Nebraska".
References
Cities in Nebraska
Embassy of Russia, Copenhagen

The Embassy of Russia in Copenhagen is the embassy of Russia to Denmark. The embassy building is located at Kristianiagade 5 in Indre Osterbro, Copenhagen. The building is heritage listed.
History of the chancery
In 1897, Otto Monsted, a Danish businessman and margarine magnate, purchased three pieces of land in Osterbro, Copenhagen and hired architect Vilhelm Dahlerup to design a villa. Dahlerup, who specialised in Italian Renaissance style design had previously designed the Hotel D'Angleterre, Jesus Church in Valby, National Gallery, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, amongst others. Completed in 1899, the building of the mansion cost Monsted half a million krone.
The entrance was decorated with a monogram with the initials AOM (for Anna-Otto-Monsted). The Monsteds kept a large staff in their mansion. Gardeners creating a large garden. In the garage Monsted kept Copenhagen's most expensive car. The Monsteds also bred Scottish hunting dogs and kept race horses in the barn.
In 1934 Anna Monsted sold the mansion for 265,000 krone to Countess Musse Scheel. Scheel was a Danish actress and became the last private owner of the mansion. Scheel was an animal lover and was regarded as being eccentric. Scheel kept a hen house in the yard and sold eggs to her neighbours.
During the occupation of Denmark by Nazi Germany the mansion was the headquarters of the Northern Society. The Northern Society promoted cultural co-operation between Nazi Germany and the Nordic countries.
In 1950, the Soviet Union signed a contract leasing the mansion for 20,000 krone per year. In 1982, the mansion, as well as Kristianiagade 3 (consulate) and Bergensgade 11 (embassy school), were granted to the Soviets, on the basis of reciprocity, free of charge for the purpose of embassy requirements for a period of 70 years, until 31 December 2051.
The building and garage are heritage listed buildings. The both were placed on the register of the Heritage Agency of Denmark on 3 December 1991.
References
Other websites
Embassy of Russia in Copenhagen
Denmark
19th-century architecture
Buildings and structures in Copenhagen
1899 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Denmark
Trans World Airlines

Trans World Airlines (TWA) was one of the largest airlines of the United States. It stopped flying after it was bought by American Airlines in 2001, after many financial problems.
References
Gallery
Other Information
Airlines of the United States
1925 establishments in the United States
2001 disestablishments in the United States
Companies based in Texas
Fort Worth, Texas
Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Santa Cruz de Tenerife is the capital of the Canary Islands. It is in Tenerife, the biggest and most important (political and economic) island in the Canary Islands.
The Parliament of the Canary Islands is in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The population was 222,417 in 2009. During the Carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, thousands of people take to the streets each year for over a week. On January 18, 1980 it was declared a Fiesta of International Tourist Interest by the Secretary of State for Tourism, and is one of the world's largest carnivals.
Attractions
Auditorio de Tenerife
Torres de Santa Cruz
Plaza de Espana
Centro Internacional de Ferias y Congresos de Tenerife
Parque Gracia Sanabria
Capital cities in Spain
Harrisburg, Illinois

Harrisburg is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Cities in Illinois
County seats in Illinois
A Long Happy Life

A Long Happy Life () is a 1966 Soviet drama movie directed by Gennady Shpalikov. It stars Inna Gulaya, Kirill Lavrov, and Yelizaveta Akulicheva.
Actors
Inna Gulaya as Lena
Kirill Lavrov as Viktor
Yelizaveta Akulicheva as Barmaid
Pavel Luspekayev as Pavel
Oleg Belov as friend of Lena
References
Other websites
Russian romance movies
Russian drama movies
1966 romantic drama movies
Splenomegaly

Splenomegaly is the enlargement of the spleen. It frequently occurs in asscociation with hematological cancers.
Causes
Acute myeloid leukemia
Malaria
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Polycythemia vera
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Myelofibrosis
Typhoid fever
Infectious mononucleosis
Cirrhosis, often as a result of Portal hypertension.
References
Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
Niederhausbergen

Niederhausbergen is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Upama Kumari Dev

Upama Kumari Dev (Nepali: upmaa kumaarii dev) is a Nepalese politician who is elected member of Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province from People's Socialist Party, Nepal. Dev is a resident of Rajbiraj.She is also a Deputy Speaker of Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province, took office on 16 February 2018.
References
Living people
Nepalese politicians
Slade Gorton

Thomas Slade Gorton III (January 8, 1928 - August 19, 2020) was an American politician. He was a U.S. senator from Washington state from 1981 to 1987, and from 1989 to 2001.
He held both of the state's Senate seats in his career and was narrowly defeated for reelection twice as an incumbent: in 1986 by Brock Adams, and in 2000 by Maria Cantwell after a recount. Gorton was twice both Senior Senator (1983-87, 1993-2001) and Junior Senator (1981-83, 1989-93).
Gorton died on August 19, 2020 in Clyde Hill, Washington from Parkinson's disease-related problems at the age of 92.
References
Other websites
Congressional Bio
Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis LLP ("K&L Gates") Lawyer Bio
The Next Ten Years of Post-9/11 Security Efforts, Q&A with Slade Gorton (September 2011)
1928 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
United States senators from Washington (state)
Politicians from Chicago
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Xaffévillers

Xaffevillers is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Vosges department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Vosges