pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Turning movement

A turning movement , also called a wide envelopment is a maneuver designed to pass around the enemy's front to strike a vital part of the enemy's rear. It is a military tactic where a command is divided into two parts. The first part holds the enemy from the front while the other part moves around to attack the enemy's rear or flank. Unlike an envelopment or a flanking maneuver, the two forces operate beyond the distance where they could usually support each other. It is often easier for an enemy force to avoid an envelopment than it is to avoid a turning movement. To counter a turning movement, the enemy must either abandon their position or turn to meet the new threat. The turning movement is a variation of the envelopment tactic. Another difference is that the turning movement often seeks to avoid enemy contact until they are deep in the enemy's rear. Faced with a new threat in his rear area, the enemy is "turned" out of his defensive position and forced to act.
Examples
An early example of a turning movement was by Julius Caesar in 48 BC. One of Napoleon I of France's favorite tactics was the "Strategy of Indirect Approach" or the turning movement. One corps of his army would hold the enemy's attention while the main force would move behind the enemy in a wide circle. Ideally he would use the terrain to hide the turning movement. He used this to great effect during his 1805 Ulm Campaign. He repeated his success with this tactic at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, and at the Battle of Friedland in 1807.
The famous "left hook" maneuver by American and French troops during Operation Desert Storm was another example of a turning movement. Paratroopers of the American 82nd Airborne Division in vehicles along with the French 6th Light Armoured Brigade moved up the flanks. At the same time the 101st Airborne Division made the largest helicopter assault in history in the rear of Saddam Hussein's Republican Guard to cut off their retreat.
Related pages
Envelopment
Pincer movement (also called a double-envelopment)
Flanking maneuver
Rearguard
Attrition warfare
Feigned retreat
Preemptive war
Oblique order
Shock tactics
References
Other websites
Top 5 Ancient Military Tactics
1990-91 Gulf War briefing General Norman Schwarzkopf part 2 (Left hook); YouTube
Military terminology
Military tactics
Kevin McAleenan

Kevin K. McAleenan (born September 5, 1971) is an American attorney and former government official who served as the Acting Secretary of Homeland Security from April 2019 through November 2019.
McAleenan resigned on October 11, 2019, with Trump stating that McAleenan wanted to "spend more time with his family and go to the private sector."
References
Other websites
1971 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
People from Honolulu
Salles-sur-l'Hers

Salles-sur-l'Hers is a commune of 701 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Erich Juskowiak

Erich Juskowiak (7 September 1926 - 1 July 1983) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1947-48||rowspan="6"|Rot-Weiss Oberhausen||rowspan="4"|Oberliga||19||0
|-
|1948-49||20||0
|-
|1949-50||25||7
|-
|1950-51||0||0
|-
|1951-52||||0||0
|-
|1952-53||||28||3
|-
|1953-54||rowspan="8"|Fortuna Dusseldorf||rowspan="7"|Oberliga||27||12
|-
|1954-55||30||4
|-
|1955-56||28||6
|-
|1956-57||28||2
|-
|1957-58||27||6
|-
|1958-59||22||2
|-
|1959-60||24||0
|-
|1960-61||||0||0
276||42
276||42
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1951||1||0
|-
|1952||0||0
|-
|1953||0||0
|-
|1954||1||1
|-
|1955||3||1
|-
|1956||8||0
|-
|1957||4||0
|-
|1958||9||0
|-
|1959||5||2
|-
!Total||31||4
|}
References
Other websites
1926 births
1983 deaths
German footballers
People from Oberhausen
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Grease (movie)

Grease is a 1978 American romantic comedy musical movie directed by Randal Kleiser and produced by Robert Stigwood. The movie tells the story of high-schoolers Rizzo (Stockard Channing), Kenickie (Jeff Conaway), Danny (John Travolta), Frenchy (Didi Conn) and Sandy (Olivia Newton-John).
Release dates
Plot
Danny Zuko (John Travolta) and Sandy Olsson (Olivia Newton-John) meet in Los Angeles, California in summer 1959, and they fall in love. When Sandy has to leave to go back to Australia, they believe it is the end of their romance. However, Sandy gets transferred to his school and they meet again. When Danny sees Sandy again, he acts as if he does not care about her. He does this to keep up his reputation, but Sandy does not know this and wishes she has never met him. She and Danny date on and off, but Sandy becomes frustrated with him because of the way he treats her. At the end of the movie, Sandy transforms herself into the kind of woman Danny could truly love forever, and they get back together.
Other websites
1978 comedy movies
1970s musical movies
1978 romance movies
1970s teen movies
American high school movies
American musical comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen romance movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in the 1950s
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies directed by Randal Kleiser
Pierrefeu-du-Var

Pierrefeu-du-Var is a commune of 6,068 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Communes in Var
Columbia Records

Columbia Records is an American record label that formed in 1888. It is the oldest existing record company in the world.
Its parent company is now Sony Music Entertainment. Over the years, some of the artists and bands that have been signed to the label include Aretha Franklin, System of a Down, Johnny Cash, Bob Dylan, Bela Fleck, Janis Joplin, Paul McCartney, John Lennon, Prince, Willie Nelson, Dolly Parton, and hundreds of other artists.
Related pages
List of Columbia Records artists
References
American record labels
1888 establishments in the United States
1938 establishments in the United States
1991 disestablishments in the United States
Sony
Columbia Broadcasting System
Viacom
Payns

Payns is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Communes in Aube
Ta'al

Ta'al, Hebrew: t`"l , a Hebrew acronym of Tnu'a Aravit LeHithadshut, Hebrew: tnv`h `rbyt lhtHdSHvt (the Arab version: ?, Arab: lHrk@ l`rby@ lltGyyr), both meaning Arab Movement for Renewal, is an Israeli political party.
Its ideology is right-wing centrist, Arab nationalist, secular and anti-Zionist. Its Political Leader is Ahmad Tibi.
Ta'al was founded in the 1990s by Ahmad Tibi.
Number of seats in the 24th Knesset: 2 (-1).
Ta'al cooperated with Balad and Hadash as part of the Joint List until 2022. Together they have 6 seats.
Other websites
1990s establishments in Israel
Nationalist organizations in Israel
Political parties in Israel
Thrymr (moon)

Thrymr or Saturn XXX, is a moon of Saturn. It was found by Gladman, et al. in 2000, and given the designation S/2000 S 7.
Thrymr is about 5.6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 20,810,000 km in 1120.809 days, at an inclination of 175deg to the ecliptic (151deg to Saturn's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.453.
Thrymr may have formed from debris knocked off of Phoebe at some point in the past.
Its name comes from Norse mythology, where Thrymr is a Jotun or frost giant.
The name was said as Thrym in IAU Circular 8177. However, the IAU Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature later decided to add the nominative case ending -r to the root Thrym.
References
IAUC 7538: S/2000 S 7, S/2000 S 8, S/2000 S 9 2000 December 7 (discovery)
MPEC 2000-Y15: S/2000 S 1, S/2000 S 2, S/2000 S 7, S/2000 S 8, S/2000 S 9 2000 December 19 (discovery and ephemeris)
IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus 2003 August 8 (naming the moon Thrym)
IAUC 8471: Satellites of Saturn 2005 January 21 (correcting the name)
Saturn's moons
Michael Beach

Michael Anthony Beach (born October 30, 1963) is an American actor. He has appeared in movies Lean on Me (1989), One False Move (1992), Short Cuts (1993), Waiting to Exhale (1995), A Family Thing (1996), and Soul Food (1997).
On television, he starred as Monte Parker in the NBC drama series Third Watch from 1999 to 2005.
References
1963 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Boston
Juan González (journalist)

Juan Gonzalez (born October 15, 1947) is an American progressive broadcast journalist and investigative reporter. He was also a columnist for the New York Daily News from 1987 to 2016. He co-hosts the radio and television program Democracy Now! with Amy Goodman.
References
1947 births
Living people
American progressives
American political activists
American political commentators
American television presenters
Journalists from New York City
Writers from Ponce
The Greatest Show on Earth

The Greatest Show on Earth is a 1952 movie. Its setting is the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. It stars Betty Hutton, Cornel Wilde, and Charlton Heston. It was produced, directed, and narrated by Cecil B. DeMille. It won the Academy Award for Best Picture. It was a box office hit.
1952 movies
1950s epic movies
Movies with circus settings
English-language movies
Movies directed by Cecil B. DeMille
Paramount Pictures movies
Altenstadt an der Waldnaab

Altenstadt an der Waldnaab is a municipality in Neustadt an der Waldnaab in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Waldnaab, southeast of Neustadt an der Waldnaab, and north of Weiden in der Oberpfalz. Bundesautobahn 93 (Regensburg - Hof) passes west of Altenstadt. It has a railway station on the Weiden-Oberkotzau railway.
References
Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)
Anton Lehmden

Anton Lehmden (2 January 1929 in Nitra, Slovakia - 7 August 2018 in Vienna) was an Austrian painter, draughtsman, and printmaker. Lehmden was a co-founder of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism. In 1948 he was represented in exhibitions of the Vienna Art-Club and has also been represented in many international exhibitions.
Lehmden's work has been extensively exhibited in Italy, Austria, Japan, United States, Germany, Turkey and Poland.
Lehmden died on 7 August 2018 in Vienna at the age of 89.
References
Other websites
Artcyclopedia entry
Schloss Deutschkreutz official web page
Anton Lehmden in Gallery 10
1929 births
2018 deaths
Austrian artists
Dimitar Kovačevski

Dimitar Kovacevski (; born 1974) is a Macedonian politician and economist who is the prime minister of North Macedonia since 17 January 2022.
References
1974 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of North Macedonia
Jacques Blamont

Jacques Emile Blamont (13 October 1926 - 13 April 2020) was a French astrophysicist and author. He was the founder scientific and technical director of National Centre for Space Studies (CNES-Centre national d'etudes spatiales). Blamont was known to have worked to the development of Veronique, the first rocket launched by France in 1957. He was born in Paris.
He was an elected fellow of the French Academy of Technologies and a professor emeritus of the Pierre and Marie Curie University (University of Paris VI).
Blamont was honored as Commander of the Legion of Honour and Padma Shri.
Blamont died on 13 April 2020 in Chatillon, Hauts-de-Seine, aged 93.
References
1926 births
2020 deaths
French physicists
Scientists from Paris
Writers from Paris
Enfield, Maine

Enfield is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Upton, Kentucky

Upton is a city in Hardin and LaRue counties, Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Hardin County, Kentucky
LaRue County, Kentucky
Tetsuya Totsuka

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Totsuka was born in Tokyo Metropolis on April 24, 1961. He joined Yomiuri (later Verdy Kawasaki) from their youth team in 1979. The club won the champions in Japan Soccer League 5 times, JSL Cup 3 times and Emperor's Cup 3 times. This was golden era in club history. He also became a top scorer 2 times (1984 and 1990/91). In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and founded new league J1 League. However he lost opportunity to play after that. In 1994, he moved to Japan Football League club Kashiwa Reysol. He returned to Verdy Kawasaki in 1995 and retired end of the season.
In December 1980, Totsuka was selected the Japan national team for 1982 World Cup qualification. At this qualification, on December 22, he debuted against Singapore. He also played at 1982 Asian Games. In 1985, he was selected Japan for the first time in 3 years for 1986 World Cup qualification. This qualification was his last game for Japan. He played 18 games and scored 3 goals for Japan until 1985.
In 2006, Totsuka signed with Japanese Regional Leagues club FC Gifu. He managed the club and promoted the club to Japan Football League. However, he was sacked in June 2007. In September 2007, he signed with Regional Leagues club FC Mi-O Biwako. He managed the club and promoted the club to Japan Football League. In 2008, he moved to Regional Leagues club FC Machida Zelvia. He managed the club and promoted the club to Japan Football League. He promoted each club to Japan Football League for 3 years in a row. End of 2009 season, he resigned a manager for FC Machida Zelvia. In 2011, he signed with Regional Leagues club SC Sagamihara. However, he was sacked in May.
Statistics
|-
|1979||rowspan="13"|Yomiuri||rowspan="13"|JSL Division 1||9||2||2||1||3||1||14||4
|-
|1980||17||2||1||1||2||0||20||3
|-
|1981||18||3||5||0||1||0||24||3
|-
|1982||18||6||3||2||1||0||22||8
|-
|1983||18||6||3||3||3||3||24||12
|-
|1984||16||14||5||5||2||2||23||21
|-
|1985/86||22||4||1||0||4||2||27||6
|-
|1986/87||20||3||4||3||1||0||25||6
|-
|1987/88||18||0||4||3||0||0||22||3
|-
|1988/89||22||5||2||0||3||0||27||5
|-
|1989/90||18||8||4||0||4||0||26||8
|-
|1990/91||22||10||2||2||2||0||26||12
|-
|1991/92||21||4||3||0||5||0||29||4
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="3"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||3||0||10||0||13||0
|-
|1993||10||1||1||0||6||1||17||2
|-
|1994||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
|-
|1994||Kashiwa Reysol||Football League||17||4||0||0||1||0||18||4
|-
|1995||Verdy Kawasaki||J1 League||0||0||||||colspan="2"|-||0||0
273||72||40||20||48||9||361||101
273||72||40||20||48||9||361||101
|}
|-
|1980||4||0
|-
|1981||8||0
|-
|1982||4||3
|-
|1983||0||0
|-
|1984||0||0
|-
|1985||2||0
|-
!Total||18||3
|}
References
Other websites
1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Japan Soccer League players
Tokyo Verdy players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Cambridgeshire

Cambridgeshire is a county in England. It is located in the East part of the country. The counties around Cambridgeshire are Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west. The county town is Cambridge.
Ceremonial counties of England
Ziemetshausen

Ziemetshausen is a municipality in Gunzburg in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Other websites
Official site
Settlements in Gunzburg (district)
Tilton, New Hampshire

Tilton is a town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States.
Towns in New Hampshire
War communism

War communism is the name for the economic policies that introduced to Russia in 1918 by Vladimir Lenin, leader of Russia from 1917 to 1924. The policy was ended in 1921 because it was not successful. Instead, he introduced the New Economic Policy in 1921.
War Communism was introduced for many reasons. However, the most important ones were:
to feed and supply the hungry Red Army of Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War
to move towards complete communism
It was bad for the Russian economy because the government took away extra grain produced by the peasants. This was known as grain requisitioning. Peasants were not allowed to sell their extra food, so they stopped producing more than they needed to eat. This created a Russian famine with millions of people foodless and starving.
Communism
Economic policy
Russian Revolution
1918 establishments in the Soviet Union
1921 disestablishments
Ontario Highway 21

Ontario Highway 21, also called King's Highway 21, is a provincial highway in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It starts near Ontario Highway 402, almost half way between Sarnia and London. It runs north/northeast for and ends in Owen Sound with Highway 6, Highway 10, and Highway 26. The roadway is referred to as the Bluewater Highway because it remains very close to the eastern shoreline of Lake Huron. It was started in 1927 as Highway 3 running across Kent and Lambton Counties. In 1930 it was extended and renamed King's Highway 21. It is one of Ontario's most treacherous roads for winter driving. Highway 21 is frequently closed during winter because of snow blowing off Lake Huron.
References
20
King Diamond (band)

King Diamond are a Danish heavy metal band. It was formed by King Diamond after the split up of his band Mercyful Fate.
Band members
Current members
King Diamond - vocals, keyboards, harpsichord (1985-present)
Andy La Rocque - guitar, keyboards (1985-present)
Mike Wead - guitar (1990-1993, 2000-present)
Hal Patino - bass (1987-1990, 2000-present)
Matt Thompson - drums (2000-present)
Livia Zita - backing vocals (2003-present)
Former members
Michael Denner - guitar (1985-1987)
Mike Moon - tour guitarist (1987)
Pete Blakk - guitar (1987-1990)
Herb Simonsen - guitar (1995-1998)
Glen Drover - guitar (1998-2000)
Timi Hansen - bass (1985-1987)
Sharlee D'Angelo - bass (1990-1993)
Chris Estes - bass (1995-2000)
David Harbour - bass (2000)
Mikkey Dee - drums (1985-1989)
Discography
Studio albums
Fatal Portrait (1986)
Abigail (1987)
"Them" (1988)
Conspiracy (1989)
The Eye (1990)
The Spider's Lullabye (1995)
The Graveyard (1996)
Voodoo (1998)
House of God (2000)
Abigail II: The Revenge (2002)
The Puppet Master (2003)
Give Me Your Soul...Please (2007)
Live albums
In Concert 1987: Abigail (1990)
Deadly Lullabyes: Live (2004)
Compilation albums
A Dangerous Meeting (1992)
Nightmare in the Nineties (2001)
King Diamond and Black Rose, 20 Years Ago: A Night of Rehearsal (2001)
The Best of King Diamond (2003)
EPs
The Dark Sides (1989)
Collector's Item (1999)
Singles
"No Presents for Christmas" (1985)
1980s music groups
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
Danish heavy metal bands
Bontoc, Southern Leyte

Bontoc is a 4th class municipality in the province of Southern Leyte, Philippines.
Barangays
Bontoc is politically subdivided into 40 barangays.
Settlements in the Philippines
Abbot Suger

Abbot Suger (c. 1081 - January 13, 1151) was one of the last French abbot-statesmen. He was also a historian and the first patron of Gothic architecture.
Life
Suger was part of a poor family, and in 1091, he was brought to the abbey of Saint-Denis. There he trained and eventually became secretary to the abbot of Saint-Denis in 1104.
He took a trip to Italy, and when he came back, he became the abbot of St-Denis. Until 1127, he worked at the abbey of St-Denis and worked to reform it.
Other websites
Gothic Art and Abbe Suger
1081 births
1151 deaths
French Roman Catholic priests
Betsy Layne, Kentucky

Betsy Layne is a census-designated place (CDP) and coal town in Floyd County, Kentucky, United States. It was established in 1875 along the Levisa Fork. Its ZIP code is 41605. The 2010 census reported the population to be 688.
References
Census-designated places in Kentucky
Jhansi Ki Rani (2019 TV series)

Jhansi Ki Rani ( The Queen of Jhansi) is an Indian historical drama television series. It is based on the life of warrior queen Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi. The show, starring Anushka Sen went to air on Colors TV on 11 February 2019. Due to low TRPs, the show ended on 12 July 2019 completing 110 episodes. It was replaced by Bahu Begum.
Cast
Main
Anushka Sen as Manikarnika Rao or Manu Tambe/Rani Lakshmi Bai / Jhansi Ki Rani
Vikas Manaktala as Raja Gangadhar Rao; Rani Lakshmi Bai's husband; King of Jhansi
Recurring
Anuja Sathe as Rani Janki Bai, Gangadhar's sister-in-law
Jason Shah as Captain Ross
Aishwarya Raj Bhakuni as Ramabai, Gangadhar's first wife
Rajesh Shringarpure as Morapant Tambe, Manu's father
Anshul Trivedi as Tantia Tope
Ryan Larson as Captain Robb, Ross' brother
Mak Mukesh Tripathi as Shiva Krantikari
Ankur Nayyar as Gangadas
Dolly Sohi as Sakubai, Gangadhar's eldest sister-in-law
Himanshu Bamzai as Raghunath Rao
Vijay Kashyap as Baji Rao II
Piyali Munshi as Lachcho Bai, Gangadhar's younger sister-in-law
Gaurav Vasudev as Captain Smith
Naveen Pandita as Ali Bahadur
Andy Von Eich as British Officer Masion
Namit Shah as Nana Sahib
Aamir Rafiq as British Army officer
Jagriti Sethia As Kaashi
Athar Siddiqui as Veerbhadra
Naren Kumar as Madanpal
Nadeem Ahmad Khan as Britisher
Chandan K Anand as Ghaus Khan
Chandrahas Pandey as Pandurang
Trupti Mishra as Manjari
References
Other websites
2019 television series debuts
Gandhi Smriti

The Gandhi Smriti (formerly known as Birla House or Birla Bhavan) is a museum dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi. It is considered as the "National memorial of India" respectively.
References
Museums in India
National symbols of India
Buildings and structures in New Delhi
Monuments and memorials
1973 establishments in Asia
1970s establishments in India
Are All Men Pedophiles?

Are All Men Pedophiles? is a 2012 documentary movie about pedophilia and hebephilia. It was directed and written by Jan-Willem Breure.
Are All Men Pedophiles? was premiered (shown for the first time) at the Queens World Film Festival in New York City on March 2, 2012.
2012 movies
2010s documentary movies
Dutch movies
English-language movies
Utena

Utena is a city in Lithuania. It is the administrative centre of Utena District and Utena County. Utena is one of the oldest cities in Lithuania. The city's name most likely comes from a lake or river.
History
Utena was first mentioned in 1261, in a letter by Mindaugas to the Christ Knights.
References
Cities in Lithuania
Dissociation (psychology)

Dissociation in psychology is an experience that involves a detachment/separation from reality. It is different from psychosis, psychosis is a loss of reality. It can describe many things. The mildest form of it involves things such as daydreaming. A less mild form of it involves altered states of consciousness. This is non-pathological, meaning it is not considered a disorder or mental illness. These forms are often a coping mechanism or defense mechanism. This means that they protect against stress.
When it becomes disruptive in a person's life, it becomes a mental illness. These mental illnesses are known as dissociative disorders. These include dissociative fugue, depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPDR), and dissociative identity disorder. They can be triggered by trauma, stress, drugs, or no known reason. Sometimes other mental illnesses can involve dissociation. These include acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder.
References
Psychology
Três Lagoas

Tres Lagoas is a city in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil. It is the third largest city in the state by population. 123,281 people lived here in 2020 and its area is 10,206.370 km2.
Cities in Mato Grosso do Sul
Castelnau-d'Auzan

Castelnau-d'Auzan is a former commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it became a part of the new commune of Castelnau-d'Auzan-Labarrere.
Related pages
Communes of the Gers department
References
Former communes in Gers
James Chilton

James Chilton ( 1556 1620). He was a passenger on Mayflower and was the oldest person on the ship.
Chilton was probably in Canterbury, England. Chilton is a very old family name in Canterbury. Chilton married and had a total of ten children. Unfortunately many of the children died young. They moved to Sandwich where Moses Fletcher also lived.
The Chiltons did not have the same religious beliefs as the Church of England. They were called Separatists. This religion was not allowed in England. He and his family left England and joined a religious group in Leiden, Holland.
The Chiltons were not welcome by some people in Leiden. This may have been because of their religion. James and his daughter were attacked by several boys who threw rocks at them. When Chilton tried to speak to the crowd, he was struck in the head by a large cobblestone, and was knocked unconscious.
On the Mayflower
The Chilton family on the Mayflower consisted of James Chilton, the oldest Mayflower passenger, his wife, and their daughter Mary. Two of their daughters were married and stayed in Leiden. Isabella came over later in another ship.
The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30-40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. The Mayflower was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.
William Bradford was also a Mayflower passenger and he kept a journal of life in Plymouth Colony. The journal mentions the Chilton family. He states the Chiltons had another daughter who was married and came to Plymouth Colony later in another ship.
Death and Burial
Chilton died on December 18, 1620. His wife died about a month after him during the "first sickness" but his daughters lived a long life. Chilton and his wife are named at the monument at Cole's Hill Burial Ground.
References
1550s births
1620 deaths
Mayflower passengers
Pritam Singh

Pritam Singh is a Singaporean politician, lawyer and writer. He became the Workers' Party's secretary-general in 2018. He also became the Leader of the Opposition in the 2020 general election. He is the Member of Parliament for Aljunied Group Representation Constituency for Eunos since 2011. In 2020, his party became the largest opposition party in Parliament. After this, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong officially appointed him as Leader of the Opposition.
Sources
Singaporean politicians
Fritter

A fritter is a fried food. The food is a portion of batter or breading. It is filled with either meat, seafood, vegetables or fruit.
In the United Kingdom, fritters can be with fish and chips. There is also a food item, like an apple ring or a slice of potato.
In the United States, fritters are small cakes made with a primary ingredient; it is then mixed with an egg and milk batter. The fritters are pan-fried or deep-fried. Corn fritters are made with corn and are generally deep fried. Apple fritters are well known in America; the contemporary apple fritter in America is not like the British one.
References
Fried foods
Rock concert

A rock concert is a live performance of rock music. The music at rock concerts are usually played by bands, but sometimes they are played by one person.
Concerts
Rock music
Johnny Gaudreau

John Michael "Johnny" Gaudreau (born August 13, 1993) is an American professional ice hockey left winger currently playing for the Calgary Flames in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
1993 births
American ice hockey left wingers
Calgary Flames players
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Living people
Sportspeople from New Jersey
United States Hockey League players
Eggolsheim

Eggolsheim is a municipality in the district of Forchheim in Bavaria in Germany.
Subdivisions
Eggolsheim has twelve other villages within its municipal area:
References
Forchheim (district)
Nevada County, California

Nevada County is a county in the Sierra Nevada of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 102,241. The county seat is Nevada City. It was created in 1851.
References
1851 establishments in California
Myra, West Virginia

Myra is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, West Virginia, United States.
A post office was operated at Myra from September 7, 1883 until it was closed on March 19, 2011.
The community was founded at the same time the post office was established.
References
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
Norwood, Louisiana

Norwood is a village in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Villages in Louisiana
Settlements in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
Jim Jordan (American politician)

James Daniel Jordan (born February 17, 1964) is an American politician. He has been the U.S. representative for since 2007. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Jordan was the ranking member of the House Oversight Committee from 2019 to 2020. In February 2020, he left that committee to become the ranking member of the United States House Committee on the Judiciary.
In college, he was a wrestler.
References
1964 births
Living people
United States representatives from Ohio
Sportspeople from Ohio
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Nobelium

Nobelium is a synthetic element with the symbol No and atomic number 102.
It was named in honor of Alfred Nobel.
A radioactive metal, it is the tenth transuranic element and is in the actinide series of the periodic table. Twelve isotopes are known, and they are all short-lasting.
Other websites
Actinides
Synthetic elements
Paddington 2

Paddington 2 is a 2017 live-action animated comedy movie. It was directed by Paul King and written by King and Simon Farnaby. It is based on the stories of the character Paddington Bear, created by Michael Bond. It is the sequel to the 2014 movie Paddington. The movie was released in cinemas and IMAX with very good reviews and it has a 100% on Rotten Tomatoes.
The movie stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of Paddington, with Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Brendan Gleeson, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi, Tom Conti, Ben Miller, Sanjeev Bhaskar, Noah Taylor and Hugh Grant with Eileen Atkins in live-action roles.
Other websites
Paddington 2 on Metacritic
Paddington 2 on Rotten Tomatoes
2017 comedy movies
2010s sequel movies
British comedy movies
Movies based on books
Weybridge

Weybridge is a small town in Surrey. It is near Walton-On-Thames and Addlestone. Weybridge is known for being a middle class area with many wealthy people living there.
Famous residents
Famous residents, past and present, include:
Jacqueline Bisset - actress, was born in the town.
John Lennon - lived in Weybridge in the mid to late 1960s, in a mansion on St George's Hill
Ringo Starr - lived in Weybridge in the late 1960s
Tom Jones - lived in Weybridge in the late 1960s
Nina Bawden - lived in Weybridge in the 1960s and 70s, Carrie's War was written at her house in Hanger Hill, since demolished along with the private 'Wallop School'
E. M. Forster - author, wrote his best known book, Howards End, in Weybridge, 1908-10
Petr Cech - Czech footballer, Chelsea F.C.
Peter Crouch - footballer, Stoke City F.C.
Cliff Richard - pop singer
Towns in Surrey
R101

The R101 was an airship which crashed in 1930 in France, killing 48 people.
English socialist government of the time had planned to build airships for the imperial route London-Cairo-Bombay-Canada-Australia-New York-London.
It was an ambitious project that allowed save travel time by sea, also competed with Germany and the Graf Zeppelin airship supremacy.
R.100 series was planned in 1925 and projected 4 aerostats, the R.101 R.100 and would be built simultaneously to be the top seed of the project.
1930s in France
Airships
Aviation accidents and incidents
Disasters in the 1930s
Elizabeth Alsemgeest

Elizabeth Alsemgeest (born 9 January 2002) is a New Zealand water polo player. She competed for the New Zealand women's national water polo team in the 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
She played for St Cuthbert's College, Auckland.
References
Other websites
FINA World Women's Junior Water Polo Championships 2019
Elizabeth Alsemgeest
FINA Water Polo World League - Intercontinental Cup 2019
Reuters Pictures - SWIMMING-WORLD
2002 births
Living people
New Zealand water polo players
Bernard Guignedoux

Bernard Guignedoux (31 January 1947 - 1 January 2021) was a French footballer and manager. He was the first player in Paris Saint-Germain to score a goal in the team's history.
Death
In April 2020, Guignedoux was hospitalised for a "serious illness". He died on 1 January 2021, at the age of 73.
Career statistics
References
1947 births
2021 deaths
French footballers
French football managers
Lika-Senj County

Lika-Senj County (, ) is a county of Croatia. It includes most of the Lika region and some coastline on the Adriatic. It also includes the northern part of the Pag island. The seat of the county is Gospic.
The county is the least populated (with 50,927 inhabitants in 2011) and one of the poorest. It is the largest Croatian county by area. It includes the Plitvice Lakes National Park and Sjeverni Velebit National Park. These are some of Croatia's major tourist attractions. The county has a total area of 5353 km2.
Administrative divisions
Lika-Senj County is divided into 12 towns and municipalities:
Town of Gospic (county seat)
Town of Novalja
Town of Otocac
Town of Senj
Municipality of Brinje
Municipality of Donji Lapac
Municipality of Karlobag
Municipality of Lovinac
Municipality of Perusic
Municipality of Plitvicka Jezera (Plitvice Lakes)
Municipality of Udbina
Municipality of Vrhovine
Demographics
Since the early 20th century, the county's population has been shrinking. As of the 2011 census, the county had 50,927 residents. The population density is 9.5/km2.
The Croatian State Bureau of Statistics estimated the population of the county to be 45,493 in 2017, and 45,184 in 2018.
Ethnic Croats are the majority. They are 84.15% of the population. Serbs are 13.65%. Serbs are the majority in the municipalities of Vrhovine, Donji Lapac, and Udbina.
In 1991, before the Croatian War of Independence started, Croats were 59.7% of the population and Serbs were 37%. The eastern part of the county was a majority Serbian area.
References
Other websites
Counties of Croatia
Steve Harris

Steve Harris (born 12 March 1956) is a bassist, keyboardist, and founder of the British band Iron Maiden.
Iron Maiden career
In 1975 Steve Harris quits his job and founded the heavy metal band Iron Maiden with guitarist Dave Murray. In 1980 Harris and Murrray recorded the first album of Iron Maiden, released 14 April 1980, completing the formation of Maiden was Paul Di'Anno - vocal, Dennis Stratton - guitar, Clive Burr - drums. The album had some success, and a very good job of Harris on bass. The second album Killers (1981), by Iron Maiden had better impactand the incorporation of guitarist Adrian Smith. In 1982, Iron Maiden vocalist change of the band joins Bruce Dickinson, with a more powerful voice, throw one of the best Maiden album The Number of the Beast, In 1983 Harris and Maiden drummer change and was elected Nicko McBrain. In 1990 Smith left the band and was replaced by guitarist Janick Gers. With the new Iron Maiden guitarist launches one of the best albums of his career Fear of the Dark (1992). In 1995 the band changes and enters vocalist Blaze Bayley in substitution of Dickinson. Bayley did not fulfill all expectations and leaving Maiden after recording two albums. In 2000, Bruce Dickinson and Adrian Smith returned to the band, with the news that Janick Gers would remain a member of Iron Maiden Maiden, since then Maiden has three guitarists. Steve Harris is considered one of the greatest bassists of all time, he co-wrote most of the hits of Iron Maiden, and was the only member of the band will have been in all its formations.
Discography
Iron Maiden (1980)
Killers (1981)
The Number of the Beast (1982)
Piece of Mind (1983)
Powerslave (1984)
Somewhere in Time (1986)
Seventh Son of a Seventh Son (1988)
No Prayer for the Dying (1990)
Fear of the Dark (1992)
The X Factor (1995)
Virtual XI (1998)
Brave New World (2000)
Dance of Death (2003)
A Matter of Life and Death (2006)
The Final Frontier (2010)
References
Iron Maiden Members: Bruce Dickinson, Paul Di'anno, Nicko Mcbrain, Dave Murray, Blaze Bayley, Steve Harris, List of Iron Maiden Band Members, by General Books LLC
Billboard Ago 3, 1985
Other websites
Official website of Iron Maiden
1956 births
Living people
British bass guitarists
British keyboardists
English rock guitarists
Iron Maiden members
Musicians from Essex
Pitch

Pitch can mean:
Pitch (music), a term in music
Pitch (card game)
Pitch (resin), a substance from plants or from petroleum
Pitch (baseball), a throw of a baseball from the pitcher to the catcher
A field of play, usually outdoors. A lawn.
Association football pitch
Cricket pitch
Rugby pitch
Sales pitch
Pitch (movie)
Workshop

A workshop is a building or section of a building for making and repairing certain products, such as automobiles. A workshop can be in a basement, garret/attic, garage etc.
Buildings and structures
Elmira, New York

Elmira is a city in Chemung County, New York, United States. As of 2020, 29,523 people live in Elmira.
References
Cities in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
1791 establishments in New York (state)
Niagara IceDogs

The Niagara IceDogs are a Canadian ice hockey team. They began playing in 1998. The team currently plays in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). They play their home games in St. Catharines, Ontario at the Meridian Centre.
Other websites
Official website
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Ontario Hockey League
1998 establishments in Canada
PewDiePie

Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg (born 24 October 1989), better known by his online username PewDiePie, is a Swedish YouTuber. His content has changed significantly since he began uploading, now focusing on Minecraft gaming videos and established series such as 'You Laugh You Lose' and 'Last Week I Asked You (LWIAY)' where he reviews memes that his fans have posted on Reddit. He has over 110 million subscribers as of January 2023. On 15 August 2013, his channel became the most subscribed channel on YouTube. He was also the first YouTuber creator to get 100 million subscribers.
Early life
PewDiePie was born on 24 October 1989 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Before starting his own YouTube channel, PewDiePie studied Industrial Economics and Technology Management at Chalmers University of Technology until he dropped out. Disapproving of his decision, his parents cut off his support. He made a living by selling hot dogs until his channel got enough subscribers for him to make a living from the channel.
Career
YouTube
In 2013 PewDiePie surpassed Smosh making him the Number 1 Youtuber.
PewDiePie was the first channel ever to pass 50 million subscribers. PewDiePie is attempting to break the like record on YouTube.
PewDiePie was the first individual creator ever to pass 100 million subscribers on YouTube as of August 2019, though he did lose the position of being the first channel ever to reach that milestone by the Indian music channel T-Series in months earlier.
PewDiePie has been creating content that can be described as "silly and fun". Videos such as Meme Review, You Laugh You Lose (YLYL), Pew News, and Last Week I Asked You (LWIAY) are just a few examples. Recently, he has been uploading many Minecraft videos.
Personal life
PewDiePie lives in Japan.
He formerly lived in Brighton, England with his wife, Marzia Bisognin, who is also former YouTuber. In 2019 he married his long-time girlfriend, Marzia Bisognin. The marriage was held at Kew Gardens in London, England.
Notes
References
1989 births
Living people
People from Gothenburg
Swedish YouTubers
Minecraft YouTubers
Omar Sy

Omar Sy (born 20 January 1978) is a French actor and comedian. He is best known in France for his duo with Fred Testot, Omar et Fred, and for his role in The Intouchables. Internationally, he is known for his roles in X-Men: Days of Future Past and Jurassic World.
Sy received a Cesar Award for Best Actor on 24 February 2012 for his role in The Intouchables and in doing so also became the first actor of African descent to win the French award.
Sy is a Muslim. His parents are both immigrants from West Africa.
References
Other websites
Omar et Fred
1978 births
Living people
French movie actors
French television actors
French voice actors
French comedians
Muslims
Saint-Doulchard

Saint-Doulchard is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is on the outskirts of Bourges. About 9,607 people lived there in January 2019.
Population
References
Communes in Cher
Bistreț

Bistret is a commune in Dolj County, Romania.
References
Communes in Dolj County
Washington County, Maine

Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, its population was 31,095, making it the third-least populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Machias.
References
18th-century establishments in Maine
1789 establishments in the United States
Maine counties
Livonia (Saeima constituency)

Livonia () is a constituency of Latvia. It was created in 1922.
Election results
References
Constituencies of Latvia
The Love Guru

The Love Guru is an 2008 American romantic sports comedy movie set in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was directed by Marco Schnabel and starring Mike Myers. Romany Malco, Jessica Alba and Justin Timberlake co-star. In addition to starring in the movie, Myers wrote The Love Guru with Graham Gordy and produced it with Gary Barber. The movie was released by Paramount Pictures on June 20, 2008 and was rated PG-13.
Cast
Mike Myers as Guru Maurice Pitka
Jessica Alba as Jane Bullard
Romany Malco as Darren Roanoke
Meagan Good as Prudence Roanoke
Verne Troyer as Coach Punch Cherkov
Justin Timberlake as Jacques "Le Coq" Grande
Telma Hopkins as Lillian Roanoke
Manu Narayan as Rajneesh - Pitka's assistant
John Oliver as Dick Pants
Ben Kingsley as Guru Tugginmypudha
Stephen Colbert as Jay Kell
Jim Gaffigan as Trent Lueders
Rob Huebel as Bar Patron / Cameo
Omid Djalili as Guru Satchabigknoba
People who appeared as themselves
Mike Myers
Mariska Hargitay
Kanye West
Val Kilmer
Morgan Freeman (voice)
Rob Blake
Deepak Chopra
Oprah Winfrey
Judi Dench (referenced by commentator Jay Kell (Stephen Colbert))
Jessica Simpson
Other websites
The Love Guru Official Movie Website
Guru Pitka's Book Club "The Love Guru - The Official Book Club"
2008 romantic comedy movies
2000s sports comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American sports comedy movies
British romantic comedy movies
German romance movies
German comedy movies
2000s English-language movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Screenplays by Mike Myers
Movies produced by Mike Myers
Movies set in Toronto
To Helen

"To Helen" is a poem written by Edgar Allan Poe. The poem was first published in 1831 in Poems of Edgar Allan Poe. It was republished in 1836 in the Southern Literary Messenger. Poe's inspiration was Jane Stith Stanard, the mother of his childhood friend Robert Stanard.
The poem consists of three stanzas of five lines each. The rhyme scheme is irregular: the first stanza is ABABB, the second is ABABA, and the third is ABBAB. The poem includes the well known lines, "... the glory that was Greece / And the grandeur that was Rome".
More reading
Analysis: "To Helen"
Poems by Edgar Allan Poe
1830s poems
Shadow

A shadow is a dark area on a bright surface. It is caused by something blocking a source of light. A shadow's outline, called a silhouette, will have the same shape as the object blocking the light.
Depending on the light source, or sources, a wide range of effects can be produced. A point source of light casts only a simple shadow, called an "umbra". A "penumbra" is the region in which only a portion of the light source may be blocked. If there is more than one light source, there will be several shadows, with the overlapping parts darker, and various combinations of brightness or even colours. The more diffuse the lighting is, the softer and more indistinct the shadow outlines become, until they disappear. The lighting of an overcast sky produces few visible shadows,
Astronomical shadows are usually sharp. This is because in space the light usually does not go through an atmosphere.
Light
Harpersville, Alabama

Harpersville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Towns in Alabama
The Headless Horseman (1972 movie)

The Headless Horseman () is a 1972 Soviet adventure movie directed by Vladimir Vaynshtok. It stars Oleg Vidov, Ludmila Savelyeva, and Eslinda Nunez.
Actors
Oleg Vidov as Maurice Gerald (voiced by Eduard Izotov)
Ludmila Savelyeva as Louise Poindexter
Eslinda Nunez as Isidora Cavarubio
Enriques Santiesteban as El Coyote (voiced by Aleksandr Belyavsky)
Alejandro Lugo as Woodley Poindexter (voiced by Felix Yavorsky)
Aarne Ukskula as Cassius Calhoun (voiced by Aleksey Konsovsky)
Ivan Ivanovich Petrov as Zeb Stump
References
Other websites
1972 adventure movies
Russian adventure movies
Soviet adventure movies
Cuban movies
Movies set in the 19th century
Movies set in Texas
Movies directed by Vladimir Vaynshtok
Jiří Jirmal

Jiri Jirmal (24 April 1925 - 11 December 2019) was a Czech jazz classical guitarist and composer. He was born in Prague. Some of his compositions had elements of Brazilian music. He worked for the musical background for Gene Deitch's 1962 Tom and Jerry cartoon Tall in the Trap.
Jirmal died in Prague on 11 December 2019 at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
Jiri Jirmal - guitar player, teacher and composer
1925 births
2019 deaths
Czech composers
Czech guitarists
Jazz musicians
Musicians from Prague
Colorado Springs nightclub shooting

On the midnight of November 19-20, 2022, there was a mass shooting in a LGBT nightclub called "Club Q" in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States.
5 were dead and 25 others were injured by this incident.
The 22-year-old suspect was also injured and taken to a local hospital.
2022 mass shootings in the United States
Saturation (chemistry)

The term saturation in chemistry is used in several ways:
Saturation is the point at which a solution of a substance can dissolve no more of that substance. This point of maximum concentration, the saturation point, depends on the temperature of the liquid as well as the chemical nature of the substances involved. If a change in conditions (e.g. cooling) means that the concentration is higher than the saturation point, the solution has become 'supersaturated'.
In organic chemistry, a saturated chemical compound has no double bond or triple bond or ring. In non-cyclical, saturated hydrocarbons, every carbon atom is attached to two hydrogen atoms, except those at the ends of the chain, which have three hydrogen atoms.
In biochemistry, the term saturation refers to the fraction of total protein binding sites that are occupied at any given time. Applies to enzymes, and molecules like hemoglobin.
In organometallic chemistry, an unsaturated complex has fewer than 18 valence electrons and thus is susceptible to oxidative addition or coordination of an additional ligand. Unsaturation is characteristic of many catalysts because it is usually a requirement for substrate activation.
Related pages
Saturation
Chemistry
National stadium

Many countries have a national sport stadium, which typically serves as the primary or exclusive home for one or more of a country's national representative sports teams. The term is most often used in reference to an association football stadium.
Stadiums
National symbols
Balbronn

Balbronn is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
Farbus

Farbus is a commune. It is found in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Trith-Saint-Léger

Trith-Saint-Leger is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
Population
Heraldry
References
Communes in Nord
IFK Luleå

IFK Lulea is an sports club in the town of Lulea in Sweden. It was founded on 20 September 1900. The club played in the Swedish men's top association football top division in 1971.
References
Other websites
IFK Lulea - official website
1900 establishments in Sweden
Lulea
Swedish football clubs
Pamela Cundell

Pamela Isabel Cundell (born 15 January 1920 - 14 February 2015) was an English character actress. Her best-known role was as Mrs Fox in the long-running TV comedy Dad's Army. She was born in Croydon, Surrey.
References
Other websites
Dad's Army Appreciation Society website
1920 births
2015 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
Actors from Surrey
People from Croydon