pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Royal Norwegian Navy

The Royal Norwegian Navy is the branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces responsible for naval operations of Norway. In 2008, the Royal Norwegian Navy had about 3,700 people and 70 ships and boats, including 4 heavy frigates, 6 submarines, 14 patrol boats, 4 minesweepers, 4 minehunters, 1 mine detection vessel, 4 support vessels and 2 training vessels. It also includes the Coast Guard.
There has been a navy since 955. From 1509 to 1814 the navy was for both Denmark and Norway. The seperate Norwegian navy was started again in 1814.
Norway was neutral during World War I, but the armed forces had to protect Norway's neutrality. The neutrality was sorely tested - the commercial fleet suffered heavy casualties to German U-boats and commerce raiders.
The Battle of Narvik, one of the first sea battles of World War II began on April 8, 1940. On June 7, 1940, thirteen ships, five aircraft and 500 men from the Royal Norwegian Navy followed the King of Norway to the United Kingdom and continued the fight from bases there until the war ended. They took part in the Normandy Invasion in 1944.
Organizations based in Norway
Navies
Yalta Conference

The Yalta Conference (sometimes called the Crimea Conference) was held from 4 to 11 February 1945, a few months before the end of the Second World War in Europe. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Winston Churchill), the President of the United States (Franklin D. Roosevelt) and the Premier of the Soviet Union (Joseph Stalin) met in Crimea and talked about what to do with Germany. The Yalta Conference was important in European history.
Agreements
The allies agreed at Yalta :
Germany would be completely disarmed.
A new world organisation would be set up, the United Nations.
Stalin would join the war against Japan three months after the defeat of Germany.
Germany would be split up into four different pieces (occupation zones), one occupied by France, the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Kingdom.
Berlin would also be split up into four different areas
Germans who committed war crimes would be judged and sentenced.
A Soviet-dominated government would be set up in Poland
Eastern Europe would be under Soviet influence.
Free elections would be held in countries free from German rule.
Planning would start on war reparations by Germany and how much money it would owe the other countries.
Related pages
Potsdam Conference
Other websites
A revision site for IGCSE students
The Yalta Betrayal
In Depth information on Yalta, not recommended for Simple Wikipedia Users
The Aims of The Allies at the Yalta Conference in depth
World War II
Pat Summitt

Patricia Sue Summitt (nee Head; June 14, 1952 - June 28, 2016) was an American college basketball head coach. During her career, she won 1,098 games. They are the most in NCAA basketball history. She was born in Clarksville, Tennessee.
She served as the head coach of the University of Tennessee Lady Vols basketball team from 1974 to 2012, before retiring at age 59 because of a diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. She won eight NCAA championships (a NCAA women's record when she retired), a number surpassed only by the 10 titles won by UCLA men's coach John Wooden and the 11 titles won by UConn women's coach Geno Auriemma. She was the first NCAA coach, and one of four college coaches overall, with at least 1,000 wins.
Summitt died at a retirement home on June 28, 2016 from dementia in Knoxville, Tennessee, aged 64.
References
Other websites
Pat Summitt Foundation
1952 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Tennessee
People with Alzheimer's disease
College basketball coaches
Sportspeople from Tennessee
Writers from Tennessee
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Lema tree frog

The lema tree frog (Boana lemai) is a frog that lives in Venezuela and Guyana. Scientists have seen it between 600 and 1400 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of South America
Veslud

Veslud is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in the north of France. In 2012, 253 people lived there.
The motto " Vetus lucus semper virens " ("Old sacred wood still green") suggests it might have been a place of cult during Antiquity.
A German cemetery was built at the end of World War I, where 1,704 soldiers are buried.
Communes in Aisne
Terry Southern

Terry Southern (May 1, 1924 - October 29, 1995) was an American writer. He was part of the Paris postwar literary movement in the 1950s. He was a friend to Beat writers in Greenwich Village in the 1960s. In the 1970s he made changes to the way movies were written. In the 1980s he wrote for Saturday Night Live and talked about screenwriting at several universities in New York.
Works
Books
Flash and Filigree (1958)
Candy (with Mason Hoffenberg) (1958)
The Magic Christian (1959)
Red-Dirt Marijuana and Other Tastes (1967)
Blue Movie (1970)
Texas Summer (1992)
Screenplays
Dr. Strangelove (with Stanley Kubrick and Peter George) (1964) (Academy Award and BAFTA Award nomination)
The Loved One (with Christopher Isherwood) (1965)
The Collector (uncredited) (1965)
The Cincinnati Kid (with Ring Lardner Jr.) (1966)
Casino Royale (1967) (uncredited)
Barbarella (with Roger Vadim, Claude Brule, Vittorio Bonicelli, Clement Biddle Wood, Brian Degas and Tudor Gates) (1968)
Easy Rider (with Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper) (1969) (Academy Award nomination)
The End of the Road (with Dennis McGuire and Aram Avakian) (1969)
The Magic Christian (with Joseph McGrath) (1969)
The Telephone (with Harry Nilsson) (1988)
Awards and nominations
1963 O. Henry Award; "The Road Out of Axotle", published in Esquire, August, 1962
1964 Writers Guild of America; Screenwriter's Award for Best Written American Comedy of 1964, for Dr. Strangelove
1964 Academy Award Nomination for Best Writing (Adaptation) for Dr. Strangelove
1964 BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay nomination for Dr. Strangelove
1969 Academy Award Nomination for Best Original Screenplay; Easy Rider (with Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper)
1975 The Paris Review; Funniest Story of the Year; "Heavy Put-Away, or, A Hustle Not Devoid of a Certain Grossness, Granted"
1994 Gotham Award; Writer Award
writers from Texas
1924 births
1995 deaths
O. Henry Award winners
Loches

Loches is a commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.
References
Communes in Indre-et-Loire
Subprefectures in France
Sannerville

Sannerville is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saline, but this merger was undone on 31 December 2019.
References
Communes in Calvados
Down to Earth (Stevie Wonder album)

Down to Earth is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder, released on November 16, 1966 on the Tamla label. It was his second album to have been released in 1966, as Up-Tight had been released earlier on in the year.
Track listing
Side One
"A Place in the Sun" (Ron Miller, Bryan Wells) 2:52
"Bang Bang" (Sonny Bono) 2:42
"Down to Earth" (Ron Miller, Avery Vanderberg) 2:50
"Thank You Love" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Wonder) 2:55
"Be Cool, Be Calm (And Keep Yourself Together)" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) 2:43
"Sylvia" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) 2:34
Side Two
"My World Is Empty Without You" (Holland-Dozier-Holland) 2:53
"The Lonesome Road" (Gene Austin, Nat Shilkret) 3:06
"Angel Baby (Don't You Ever Leave Me)" (Cosby, Moy) 2:45
"Mr. Tambourine Man" (Bob Dylan) 2:30
"Sixteen Tons" (Merle Travis) 2:42
"Hey Love" (Morris Broadnax, Clarence Paul, Wonder) 2:41
Personnel
Stevie Wonder - harmonica, keyboards, drums, percussion, vocals
The Originals - backing vocals
The Andantes - backing vocals
Benny Benjamin - drums
James Jamerson - bass
The Funk Brothers - instrumentation
Clarence Paul and Henry Cosby - producers
References
1966 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Zell am Ziller

Zell am Ziller is a market town in the Schwaz district in the Austrian state of Tyrol. The name comes from the river Ziller.
References
Other websites
Official website
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Order of Santiago

The order of Santiago, or Saint James the sword, is an order who's entrance is granted to people of legitimate and noble blood. (By maternal and paternal grandparents.) Santiago is the patron saint of Spain. It was created in the 1100s, and is a religious and military order. It was originally made to defend Christendom, but has evolved into one of the most acclaimed military orders in the world.
Catholicism
Organizations based in Spain
Religious organizations
Debi Mazar

Deborah Anne Mazar Corcos (born August 13, 1964) is an American actress. She is known for playing sharp-tongued women. Her movie credits include in Goodfellas (1990), Little Man Tate (1991), Singles (1992), Beethoven's 2nd (1993), and Lovelace (2013). Her TV appearances include Civil Wars, L.A. Law, Entourage and Younger. Since 2014, she has had a starring role in the Cooking Channel series Extra Virgin with her husband Gabriele Corcos.
Mazar was born in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. Her father was born in the Latvian SSR, Soviet Union, to a Jewish family, but raised Roman Catholic. During the 1990s, she dated actor Paul Reubens. She married Italian chef Gabriele Corcos in 2002. The couple have two daughters.
In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Mazar tested positive to COVID-19.
References
Other websites
1964 births
Living people
Actors from Queens
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Jewish American actors
Television personalities from New York City
Ryan Thomas

Ryan James Thomas (born 10 June 1984) is an English actor, known for portraying the role of Jason Grimshaw in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street, which he played from 2000 until 2016. In 2018, he appeared as Rafael Humphreys in the Australian soap opera Neighbours, and also won the twenty-second and final series of Celebrity Big Brother.
Early life
Born and raised in Salford, Thomas is of British, Indian and Caribbean heritage.
Other websites
1984 births
Living people
English child actors
English television actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
Tallans

Tallans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Virti Vaghani

Virti Vaghani is an Indian actress and model, who appeared in Jai Shri Krishna and Hope Aur Hum. She has also worked in commercials.
Early life
Vaghani was born in Mumbai.
Acting career
Vaghani was cast in advertisements for Whirlpool, Kwality Wall's, Clinic Plus Shampoo, Dettol Soap, Knorr Soup and Colgate.
In 2008, she played the child Radha in the television show Jai Shri Krishna. In the same year, her first appearance in Bollywood was with the movie Patiala House.
In 2018, she appeared in the Bollywood movie Hope Aur Hum, and in 2020, she had a minor role as the teenage daughter in the Disney+Hotstar web series Aarya.
Filmography
References
Other websites
Living people
Actors from Mumbai
Models from Mumbai
Prime Minister of Tonga

The prime minister of Tonga (historically referred to as the premier) is the country's head of government. Tonga is a monarchy with the king, currently Tupou VI, as head of state.
The office is currently held by Siaosi Sovaleni since December 2021.
List of premiers/prime ministers of Tonga (1876-present)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=8| Vacant (18 December 1879 - April 1881)
Notes
References
British Midland Airways Limited

British Midland Airways Limited known as BMI was an airline based at Donington Hall in Castle Donington in the United Kingdom, close to East Midlands Airport. The airline flew to places in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Central Asia from its base at London Heathrow Airport, where it held 11% of all take off and landing slots and runs over 2,000 flights a week.
BMI was owned by Lufthansa, who announced an agreement in December 2011 to sell the airline to the owner of British Airways, International Airlines Group. The deal does not include Bmibaby and BMI Regional.. BMI Regional was sold to Sector Aviation Holdings for PS8 million in May 2012. In April 2012 it was announced that bmi (excluding bmibaby) was to be fully merged into British Airways by the end of October 2012.
British Midland Airways Limited had a Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence, which allowed it to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats, and was a 3-star airline by Skytrax.
References
Airlines of the United Kingdom
1938 establishments in the United Kingdom
Running of the Bulls

The Running of the Bulls (in Spanish el encierro, meaning "the enclosing") is an activity that involves running in front of bulls on a course of a sectioned-off area of a town's streets. It is done all around Spain, but the most famous running of the bulls is in Pamplona. In most bull runs the bulls are not killed, and they live for a whole season. This is a dangerous activity but very exciting. Safety varies in some places like Xabia the area is surrounded by cages that people can slip in and out of but the bulls can not.
Festivals in Spain
Pamplona
Court reporting

A court reporter or court stenographer, also called stenotype operator, shorthand reporter or law reporter, is a person whose occupation is to transcribe spoken or recorded speech into written form, using shorthand, machine shorthand or voice writing equipment to produce official transcripts of court hearings, depositions and other official proceedings. Court reporting companies primarily serve private law firms, local, state and federal government agencies, courts, trade associations, meeting planners and nonprofits.
Courts (law)
Writing occupations
Law occupations
Regina, Saskatchewan

Regina is the capital and second largest city of Saskatchewan, Canada. It is in the eastern prairie region of Western Canada. It is nicknamed "The Queen City" because it was named after Queen Victoria, i.e. Victoria Regina, in 1882, by her daughter Princess Louise, who was the wife of the then-Governor General the Marquess of Lorne.
Regina was also previously the seat of government for the North-West Territories, which were once formed part of today's Saskatchewan and Alberta provinces, and also of the District of Assiniboia. Regina is expected to enter a new period of strong economic growth due to Saskatchewan's agricultural and mineral resources coming into new demand.
The Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League are the only professional sports team in Regina. They play their home games in Regina at Mosaic Stadium. Regina also has the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League and the University of Regina's Regina Cougars/Regina Rams of the CIS.
Regina Stations
CBKT CBC
CKCK CTV Television Network
CFRE Global Television Network
Saskatchewan Communications Network
References
Other websites
Official Regina website
Peter Dunn (paediatrician)

Peter MacNaughton Dunn, FRCP, FRCOG, FRCPCH (23 June 1929 - 2 February 2021) was an English paediatrician. Dunn was known for introducing into the UK the Gregory box in 1971, that gave Continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of infant respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.
Dunn was also notable for being known for founding the charity association British Association of Perinatal Medicine.
References
1929 births
2021 deaths
English physicians
People from Birmingham
Champaign County, Ohio

Champaign County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,714. Its county seat is Urbana.
References
1800s establishments in Ohio
1805 establishments in the United States
Ohio counties
Oberems

Oberems is a municipality of the district Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Valais
Vikingstad

Vikingstad is a locality in Linkoping Municipality in, Ostergotland County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,096 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Ostergotland County
Gypsophila paniculata

Gypsophila paniculata is a species of perennial plant, a plant that lives for more than two years. The common name, a name that is in general use, is baby's breath.
Description
The height of the species 2 to 3 feet long and the width of the species is 2 to 3 feet long. The species blooms anytime from April to August. The color of the flowers are white. The plant needs sunlight from the full sun meaning direct sunlight. The species is a herbaceous plant, has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level and have no woody stem above the ground.
Habitat
The species is native to Central Europe and Siberia.
Poisonous
The species is poisonous. The poisonous parts of the plant are the flowers and the rest of the plant are poisonous when they are dry. The species can cause eye irritation, sinus irritation meaning in the nasal cavity, or asthma after the plant is repeatedly handled. The plant can also cause minor, a lesser effect, skin irritation that only lasts for a few minutes.
References
Caryophyllaceae
Glittering Prize

"Glittering Prize" is a 1982 song by Scottish band Simple Minds. It is the second single from their fifth studio album New Gold Dream (81-82-83-84) and went to number 16 in the United Kingdom and made the top 10 in New Zealand, Norway and Australia.
References
1982 songs
Simple Minds songs
Lonoke, Arkansas

Lonoke is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Generation Z

Generation Z (also known as Gen Z for short, or Zoomers) is the generation after Millennials and before Generation Alpha. Most sources define Zoomers as those born from 1997 to 2012. In a 2022 report, the U.S. Census designates Generation Z as those born 1997 to 2013. Most members of Generation Z have used digital technology since a young age and are well known with the Internet and social media. Most members of Generation Z are the children of Generation X.
Other proposed names for the generation included iGeneration, Gen Tech, Gen Wii, Homeland Generation, Net Gen, Digital Natives, and Plurals.
References
Cultural anthropology
Demography
Alton G. Keel Jr.

Alton Gold Keel Jr. (born September 15, 1943) is an American engineer, diplomat, and businessman. He was born in Hampton, Virginia.
In July 1986, President Ronald Reagan appointed Keel as the acting principal deputy to the National Security Advisor. From 1987-89, Keel was the United States Permanent Representative to NATO.
References
Other websites
Josie Loyd, "Ambassador Alton G. Keel Jr. Speaks to the Newest Jeffersonian Engineers", U.Va. Engineer, spring 2007.
U.S. NATO Mission website
1943 births
Living people
Engineers from Virginia
Permanent Representatives of the United States to NATO
Businesspeople from Virginia
Politicians from Virginia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Takamagahara

Takama-ga-hara (Japanese: Gao Tian Yuan ), literally "High Heaven's Plain" but usually translated as the "High Plain of Heaven," is a place in Japanese mythology. In Shinto, Takama-ga-hara is the place where the Kami live. The legends say it's connected to the Earth by the bridge Ama-no uki-hashi (the "Floating Bridge of Heaven"). In Shinto, when a kami is worshipped, it is invited to leave Takama-ga-hara and enter a shrine.
References
Shinto
Japanese mythology
Vail, Iowa

Vail is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Crawford County, Iowa
Cities in Iowa
Cantar de mio Cid

The Cantar de mio Cid (Song of My Lord) is an anonymously written poem about the life of the Spanish knight El Cid. The original manuscript is believed to have been written around the year 1200.
It is the oldest Spanish epic poem that is nearly complete; the only missing pages are the first page along with 2 others within the writing. However, other accounts of the work have led historians to produce what is likely to have been in the missing segments. Along with this poem, there exists three other works chronicling the life of El Cid: Mocedades de Rodrigo (circa 1360), the Cantar de Roncesvalles (circa 1270), and an epitaph, the Epitafio epico del Cid (circa 1400).
The poem has literary significance, and is credited with being the original work of the discipline of the study of Spanish literature: the study has been given credit to historian Ramon Menendez Pidal (1869-1968), who sparked interest in the work and popularized the study of Spanish literature.
13th-century books
Boris Deich

Borys Davidovich Deich (; 28 August 1938 - 7 February 2022) was a Romanian-born Ukrainian politician. He was a member of the Party of Regions. He was in the Verkhovna Rada from 2002 until 2014. Deich was born in Sighetu Marmatiei, Romania. He supported Russia's actions towards Crimea in Ukraine.
Deich died on 7 February 2022 in Moscow, Russia from COVID-19, aged 83.
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
Members of the Verkhovna Rada
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Josephine Butler

Josephine Elizabeth Butler (nee Grey; 13 April 1828 - 30 December 1906) was an English feminist and social reformer in the Victorian era. She campaigned for women's suffrage, the right of women to better education, the end of coverture in British law, the abolition of child prostitution, and an end to human trafficking of young women and children into European prostitution.
Personal life
She was a Christian. Josephine married George Butler in 1852.
References
1828 births
1906 deaths
British feminists
English Christians
English writers
People from Northumberland
Ray Marshall

Freddie Ray Marshall (born August 22, 1928) is an American politician, writer, and educator. He is the Professor Emeritus of the Audre and Bernard Rapoport Centennial Chair in Economics and Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin.
Early life
Marshall was born in 1928 in Oak Grove, Louisiana. He spent some of his youth in an orphanage. He joined the US Navy at age 15 by overstating his age. After serving in World War II, he attended Louisiana State University and Millsaps College.
While attending Millsaps, he became a member of Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity. He has a Ph.D is from University of California, Berkeley in economics.
Career
He has held several academic posts, but since 1962 has been at the University of Texas, with the exception of his term as United States Secretary of Labor as a member of Jimmy Carter's Administration.
As Secretary of Labor, he expanded public service and job-training programs, as a part of Carter's economic stimulus program.
Personal life
Marshall was also one of the founders of the Economic Policy Institute in 1986.
References
More reading
Editor: Back to Shared Prosperity: The Growing Inequality of Wealth and Income in America,
Other websites
U.S. Department of Labor Marshall biography
1928 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Labor
Academics from Texas
Politicians from Louisiana
Writers from Louisiana
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
1017

Year 1017 (MXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
c. May - Melus of Bari begins a rebellion, supported by Norman mercenaries. His forces are victorious in three battles against the Byzantine Empire.
c. July - Cnut the Great, King of England, marries Emma of Normandy, widow of the monarch known as AEthelred.
Cnut divides England into the four Earldoms of Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia and Northumbria.
Kiev burns. Possible date at which construction of Saint Sophia's Cathedral, Kiev, is started.
Asia
Abd-ar-Rahman IV replaces Suleiman II as Umayyad caliph.
Hamza ibn-'Ali ibn-Ahmad publicly declares the founding of the Druze religion. During the reign of the Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah.
Africa
Sunni revolt of Kairouan against the Shi'ite Zirid dynasty. The city is quickly retaken, robbed and destroyed.
Births
October 29 - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)
Zhou Dunyi, Neo-Confucian philosopher in Song Dynasty China (d. 1073)
Deaths
July 6 - Genshin, Japanese schoolar (b. 942)
Abd-ar-Rahman IV, Umayyad caliph
Eadric Streona, Earldorman of Mercia
Elvira of Castile (daughter of Garcia I), Regent of Leon (b. 965)
Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona, (b. 972)
References
Wiler

Wiler (Lotschen) is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Valais
FatRat

FatRat is an open source extensible download manager for Linux. It is built on top of the Trolltech Qt 4 library in C++. Developing of this program was started in November 2006. FatRat provides few advanced features such as speed limiting, segmented downloads.
It supports a lot of download and file exchange protocols, such as HTTP, Proxy/SOCKS5, FTP, BitTorrent (through libtorrent). Internationalization of interface is carried out with the help of Qt Linguist. FatRat also has RSS feed and podcasts support, and it can work with RapidShare web-storage service and with Dropbox and OpenSubtitles.
Available as a package of the most popular Linux repositories, such as Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora.
Main features
Features and characteristics:
HTTP(S)/FTP downloads
FTP uploads
BitTorrent support
Torrent search
Support for SOCKS5 and HTTP proxies
RapidShare.com FREE downloads
RapidShare.com uploads
RapidShare.com link verification and folder extraction
RapidSafe link decoding
Subtitle search
Scheduler
Remote control via Jabber
Remote control via a web interface
RSS feed and podcasts support
References
Free software
Jönköping County

Jonkoping County () is a county in southern Sweden, with the seat located in Jonkoping. It was established in 1687. When Skaraborg County was disestablished in 1998, the municipalities of Habo and Mullsjo were merged into Jonkoping County, following local 1997 referendums.
Municipalities
References
Other websites
1687 establishments
Jonkoping County
1680s establishments in Sweden
Mauricio Funes

Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena (born 18 October 1959) is a Salvadoran politician. He was the President of El Salvador from 2009 to 2014. He won the 2009 elections as the candidate of the left-wing Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) political party.
References
1959 births
Living people
Presidents of El Salvador
Royal High School, Edinburgh

The Royal High School (RHS) of Edinburgh is today a co-educational school. It is owned and run by the City of Edinburgh Council. The school was founded in 1128 and is one of the oldest schools in Scotland.
Until modern times it was only a school for boys. It is one of the oldest schools in the world. It dates from the 12th century AD. It was first the seminary of Holyrood Abbey, founded for Alwin and the Augustinian canons by David I in 1128.
In 1505 the school was described as a "high school", the first recorded use of this term in either Scotland or England.
The Romantic era at the turn of the 19th century caused an influx of foreign students, among them French princes. "Walter Scott stood head and shoulders above other writers". By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, an old scholar remembered, 'there were boys from Russia, Germany, Switzerland, the United States, Barbadoes, St. Vincent, Demerara, the East Indies, besides England and Ireland'. The Royal High School was used as a model for the first public high school in the United States, the English High School of Boston, in 1821.
The Royal High School moved to its current site at Barnton in 1968, leaving the Old Royal High School buildings.
In 1973 it became a co-educational state comprehensive. This means it has no entrance qualifications, and accepts pupils of all intellectual standards, and both boys and girls. That is what the word "comprehensive" means in this context.
The school's premises underwent extensive refurbishment between 2001 and 2003, funded by a PS10 million public-private partnership project with Amey plc.
References
Schools in Scotland
Organisations based in Edinburgh
New Hartford, New York

New Hartford is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 22,166.
References
Towns in New York (state)
Haines City, Florida

Haines City is a city in Polk County, Florida, United States. As of 2007, the Economic and Business Research at the University of Florida estimated that the city's population was 18,748. Thus making it the third largest city by population in the county.
Parks
The city went without a public park as both Lake Eva Park and Railroad Park were both undergoing some sort renovations. From July 2008 through July 2009.
Schools
The city has many schools in the area, including Haines City High School.
Notable residents
Wayne Gandy - NFL star for the Atlanta Falcons, born and raised in Haines City.
References
Other websites
Official City of Haines City website
Haines City
Randalstown

Randalstown is a town in County Antrim in Northern Ireland.
One famous person who came from Randalstown is the suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams, born in 1899.
Towns in Northern Ireland
Settlements in County Antrim
William Hurt

William McChord Hurt (March 20, 1950 - March 13, 2022) was an American actor. He won an Academy Award in 1985 for his work in the movie movie Kiss of the Spider Woman. He played Thaddeus Ross in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
In May 2018, Hurt was diagnosed with terminal prostate cancer. He later died from the disease on March 13, 2022 at his home in Portland, Oregon, only one week before his 72nd birthday.
References
Other websites
1950 births
2022 deaths
American movie actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Deaths from prostate cancer
W. Roy McCutcheon

William Roy McCutcheon (July 31, 1929 - July 30, 2019) was a Canadian educator. He was the second president of Seneca College from 1984 through 1992. McCutcheon announced his retirement in 1991.
McCutcheon died on July 30, 2019, on the eve of his 90th birthday.
References
1929 births
2019 deaths
Canadian educators
Frank Beckmann

Frank Carl Beckmann (November 3, 1949February 12, 2022) was an German-born American broadcaster and talk radio host. He worked as a radio personality on WJR in Detroit, Michigan. He also was the radio play-by-play announcer for University of Michigan football from 1981 to 2013.
On February 11, 2022 it was announced that Beckmann was in hospice care in Clarkston, Michigan. He died the next day from problems caused by vascular dementia, aged 72.
References
1949 births
2022 deaths
Deaths from vascular dementia
German entertainers
American radio personalities
American sports commentators
Sportspeople from Detroit
People from Kiel
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Gilmanton, New Hampshire

Gilmanton is a town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 3,777 at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in New Hampshire
Present tense

Present tense is a verb form which is marked by time (tense).
The present tense is used for actions in a time which is happening now. In order to explain and understand present tense, it is useful to imagine time as a line on which the past tense, the present and the future tense are positioned.
The use of present continuous tense:
a. For something which is happening at the same time of speaking
b. For something which is happening at around the time of speaking but not necessarily exactly at the time of speaking
c. For something which is happening at period around the present (today, this season)
See also this topic: Voice
References
Grammar
Tiruvannamalai

Tiruvannamalai is a place in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a place of pilgrimage for Hindus. In Tiruvannamalai, there is a famous and ancient temple of Shiva, a god of Hindus. The temple is one of the five such temples of Shiva in south India.
In this temple, people worship Shiva in the form of a linga. Many Hindus go to this place all around the year. In the months of November and December, a festival lasting for ten days takes place. During this festival, people light up an entire hill near Tiruvannamalai.
Related pages
Linga
Other websites
Tiruvannamalai
Hinduism
Hindu mythology
Tiruvannamalai district
Noblesville, Indiana

Noblesville is a city in Indiana in the United States. Its estimated population as of 2007 is 41,561. It is also about 19.1 square miles large.
References
Cities in Indiana
County seats in Indiana
Bar (music)

A bar or measure is used in writing music. It is a way of organizing the written music in small sections. Each bar is a small amount of time. Most music has a regular beat (or pulse) which can be felt. Each bar usually has the same number of beats in it. Music that feels like 1-2-3-4-1-2-3-4 will be divided into bars with four beats worth of music in each bar.
The bar line (or barline) is a vertical line written in the music which separates the bars.
At the beginning of a piece of music there will be a time signature. The top number shows how many beats there are in each bar. The time signature tells you how long each measure is.
A double bar does not mean "two bars". It is two single bar lines drawn close together. These are simply ways of visually dividing the music into sections. A double bar line can be written with one being thicker than the other. This double bar line shows the end of a piece of music.
If there are two dots on the left of the double bar line, this is a repeat sign. The player should go back to the beginning and start again. If the composer only wants the performer to repeat a section of the music, and not go back to the beginning, they can put in a "start repeat" sign. This is a double bar line with two dots on the right.
The first beat of a bar feels stronger than the others. When a conductor beats time, his hand (or baton) always goes DOWN for the first beat of the bar. This feels strong. The last beat of a bar is an "upbeat" because the conductor's hand always goes up.
Barlines have been used since around 1600.
Musical terminology
Musical notation
Charmey

Charmey was a municipality of the district Gruyere in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Charmey and Cerniat merged into the new municipality of Val-de-Charmey.
References
Other websites
Former municipalities of Fribourg
Diagnosis

A diagnosis is an accurate and precise account of the nature or cause of something.
Medical diagnosis is the best-known field, but diagnosis can be applied to any subject. Whereas a doctor diagnoses what is wrong with a patient, a motor mechanic can diagnose the fault in a car. In all cases they replace a vague query, such as "My car will not start", with an exact analysis, such as "It's out of petrol". Notice the diagnosis is precise enough so the solution can be seen.
These ideas work even in more subtle cases. A boy brings an insect in a box to a natural history museum. He asks an expert "What is this?" The expert says "You mean, apart from it being a beetle?" When the boy nods, the expert looks at the insect under a magnifying glass, or a binocular microscope. Chances are, it is a common beetle, and the expert can give the boy quite a lot of information about it.
But if it is not known to the expert, a much longer study is needed. Large reference books will be consulted; trays of similar insects will be taken out of store to be compared. A full diagnosis needs at least the genus and species. If the species is unknown, the detailed work of description is needed for publication.
Related concepts
Mostly, in biological taxonomy, the adjective "diagnostic" is used for any distinctive trait which places the specimen in a precise category. For example, A single bone making up the lower jaw is diagnostic of a mammal.
"Diagnostics" is the name given to procedures which spell out what to do to find the cause of a fault. This term is used a lot in computer systems.
Related pages
Symptom
Medicine
Causality
Exclusive economic zone

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is an area in the ocean where only one country gets to look into and do economic activity, such as mining underwater resources and fishing. In the case of islands far from the mainland, EEZ starts at the coasts of the islands. Normally, EEZ goes out to 200 nautical miles (370 km), unless EEZs of two or more countries overlap. Many EEZs actually overlap; countries argue over where their outermost boundaries of EEZ should be. EEZ is prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
It is different from territorial waters in that ships and submarines from other countries can freely travel without any permission. However, this is under the condition that they are just passing by and not taking any resources. These zones were invented in the middle 20th century.
Related pages
Cod wars
References
Economic policy
International law
Oceans
Holloway Road tube station

Holloway Road is a station on the London Underground. It is on the Piccadilly Line between Caledonian Road and Arsenal stations, and in Travelcard Zone 2. The station opened on 15 December 1906.
References
Other websites
London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive
Pictures of the disused staircase
More photographs of Holloway Road station
Piccadilly line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Islington
Railway stations opened in 1906
Sos Sargsyan

Sos Sargsyan (24 October 1929 - 26 September 2013) was a famous Armenian actor, director, and writer. He was known for his roles in Guys from the Army Band, Solaris, and in Nahapet.
Sargsyan was born on 24 October 1929 in Stepanavan, Soviet Armenia. He was raised in Yerevan, Armenia. Sargsyan died on 26 September 2013 in Yerevan, Armenia from a heart attack, aged 83.
References
Other websites
1929 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Armenian actors
Armenian movie directors
Armenian writers
People from Yerevan
Buenos Aires (disambiguation)

Buenos Aires is the capital city of Argentina.
Buenos Aires may also refer to:
Buenos Aires Province
Lake Buenos Aires, Argentina
Buenos Aires, Pernambuco
Buenos Aires, Cauca
Concepcion de Buenos Aires, a municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco
San Nicolas Buenos Aires, a municipality in the Mexican state of Puebla
Little Buenos Aires, a neighborhood in Miami Beach, United States
Buenos Aires, Trujillo, Peru
Buenos Aires (Costa Rica)
Johan Hamel

Johan Hamel (11 October 1980 - 15 November 2022) was a French football referee.
On 6 March 2011 he made his professional debut directly in Ligue 1, the highest football league in France, in a match between Olympique Marseille and Lille. He officially became a referee in Ligue 1 during 2015-16 season. Hamel was the referee of 136 Ligue 1 matches. He was also the referee of 86 Ligue 2 matches.
His last match as referee was the match between Lille OSC and Rennes on 6 November 2022 and on 13 November he was a video assistant referee of Paris Saint-Germain against Auxerre. 2 days later, on 15 November he died from a heart attack during a training at the age of 42.
References
Other websites
French footballers
Football referees
1980 births
2022 deaths
Place of death missing
Simone Turck

Simone Turck (1924 - 23 May 2020) was a French actress and theatre director. She starred in French Shakespeare productions of Twelfth Night, King Lear and The Taming of the Shrew. A theatre director, she directed French productions of The Game of Love and Chance, La Dispute, The Barber of Seville and Electra.
Turck was born in Toulouse. She died in Nice on 23 May 2020, aged 96.
References
Other websites
Career of Simone Turck at lesarchivesduspectacle.net
1924 births
2020 deaths
French stage actors
French theatre directors
People from Toulouse
Tripe

Tripe is part of an animal's stomach often served as food.
References
Animal anatomy
Offal
Joinville

Joinville is a city in Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil. It is a major industrial city. It is the largest city in Santa Catarina. About 550,000 people live in the city, and about 1.3 million people live in the surrounding metropolitan area. Most of the people are of German, Swiss and Norwegian descent. It is the third largest city in the southern region of Brazil.
Industry
Joinville is also the third largest industrial center in southern Brazil. The region produces more than 30% of the total GDP of the state of Santa Catarina. The largest corporations with headquarters in the city are Amanco, Busscar, Ciser, Datasul, Docol, Dohler, Embraco, Tupy, Lepper, Tigre, Wetzel, Whirlpool, Viqua, Schulz, and Universal Leaf Tobacco.
Dance festival
Joinville is known as the city of the Princes, flowers, dance and bicycles. The Joinville Dance Festival is a major event in the month of July - it is recognized as the world's largest dance festival (listed in the Guinness Book of Records). A subsidiary of the School of Ballet of the Bolshoi Theatre, the only one outside Russia, is highlighted in the training of dancers.
Airport
The Airport of Joinville (Lauro Carneiro de Loyola) is one of the largest in South Region. It is located 13 km from the city center, 110 km from airport and 163 km from Curitiba to Florianopolis Airport. Of Joinville there are several daily flights to Sao Paulo (Congonhas), through Companies: Gol Airlines, TAM and Azul.
Cities in Santa Catarina
Gabriel C. Brown

Gabriel Christian Brown (born February 22, 1990), is an American-Canadian YouTuber, singer-songwriter, producer, voice actor, animator, and U.S. Navy veteran.
Biography
Born on February 22, 1990 in Annapolis, Maryland, he started to dabble on YouTube. He has over 4 million subscribers on his YouTube channel.
Personal life
Brown is from Annapolis, Maryland, and currently lives in Tucson, Arizona. He is married to Claire Corlett, who is best known as the voice of Sweetie Belle in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, as of November 2022.
Filmography
References
Other websites
American YouTubers
1990 births
Living people
Naga Munchetty

Subha Nagalakshmi Munchetty-Cendriah (born 25 February 1975), best known as Naga Munchetty, is a British television presenter, broadcaster and journalist.
Works
She was a presenter alongside Charlie Stayt for BBC Breakfast. She was also a presenter of BBC World News and the BBC Two weekday financial programme Working Lunch.
1975 births
Living people
British journalists
Navarra Television

Navarra Television is a channel of the regional television of Navarra, which broadcasts general content but especially news from the Foral de Navarra.
It was founded after the merger of two autonomous Digital Terrestrial Television channels in the area of the Autonomous Community of Navarra .
Establishment
It began its regular broadcasts on May 14, 2012 on DTT. Its programming has information as one of its basic axes, not only at regional level, but also at national and international level.
This channel was born after the merger of Canal 6 Navarra and Popular Television, in the search of a regional channel after the end of the also a private channel Canal 4 Navarra.
Finance
Thanks to this merger, they have access to all the money offered by the Government of Navarra as aid for regional television channels that broadcast in its territory. This change was announced just a few weeks before the merger. In this new stage, content worthy of a regional channel and information in Basque will be promoted thanks to a team made up of professionals from Canal 6 Navarra, Canal 4 Navarra and Popular TV Navarra. Said change becomes effective at 2:00 p.m. on Monday, May 14, 2012, when the logo of Canal 6 Navarra disappears for that of the new Navarra Television.
On January 20, 2021, they got a large grant of 1.3 million euros from the Government of Navarra.
Channels
Since its launch, Navarra Television broadcasts through two channels:
Navarre Television 1
It broadcasts in high definition.
Its programming is similar for the entire Community. It is based on current news, on entertainment magazines of its own production, etc.
Its programs are:
News every day from 2:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. and 8:30 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
Discount time with Gonzalo Velasco, all the sports news of the community with special attention to Osasuna.
Navarra in Open Wednesday 22 h. Program directed by Roberto Camara, time for the debate of the most important issues of recent days in the Foral Community.
La Muga, presented by Amaia Madinabeitia, a magazine focused on current affairs.
Navarre Television 2
This is broadcast in Spanish and Basque. Emission of plenary sessions and commissions of the Parliament of Navarra, Senate and Congress of Deputies. Programming in Basque: "Mugi Zaitez" with Inigo Ciganda, stories of entrepreneurs in Navarra and all the job offers in the Autonomous Community and "Nafarroako Albisteak" with Oihane Garzaron, the latest news of the week on Saturday at 2:00 p.m.
Navarra Television Awards
Since 2016, Navarra Television has also handed out awards that bear its name. It aims to recognize the work of outstanding people in the Navarre Foral Community.
References
Other websites
Navarra Television website
Television channels in Europe
Tadeusz Ferenc

Tadeusz Ferenc (10 February 1940 - 27 August 2022) was a Polish economist and politician. He was a member of Sejm from 2001 to 2002. He was the mayor of Rzeszow from 2002 until his death.
Ferenc died on 27 August 2022, at the age of 82.
References
1940 births
2022 deaths
Polish economists
Polish politicians
Lower Peninsula of Michigan

The Lower Peninsula of Michigan - also known as Lower Michigan - is the southern and less elevated of the two major landmasses that make up the U.S. state of Michigan, the other being the Upper Peninsula. It is surrounded by water on all sides except its southern border, which it shares with Indiana and Ohio.
Although the Upper Peninsula is commonly referred to as "the U.P.", it is uncommon for the Lower Peninsula to be called "the L.P."
References
Geography of Michigan
Peninsulas of the United States
Jessica-Jane Clement

Jessica-Jane Clement (born 24 February 1985) is a British glamour model, actress and television presenter. She was born and raised in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. She is best known for her role in The Real Hustle on BBC Three. She was a contestant in the 2011 series of I'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here!.
Other websites
Official website
1985 births
Living people
Actors from Yorkshire
English models
English movie actors
English television actors
English television presenters
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! contestants
People from Sheffield
Television personalities from Yorkshire
Lhôpital

Lhopital is a former commune. It is in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Surjoux-Lhopital.
References
Former communes in Ain
Juvincourt-et-Damary

Juvincourt-et-Damary is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Namborn

Namborn is a municipality in the district of Sankt Wendel in the state of Saarland, Germany.
Namborn is north of Sankt Wendel. It is southwest of Idar-Oberstein.
References
Other websites
2020–2021 women's strike protests in Poland

The October 2020 Polish protests began in Poland on 22 October 2020 over the rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal illegalizing abortions. The country banned abortions even if there are cases of severe disability or incurable and life-threatening disease of the unborn child.
Mass protests began shortly after the rulings the afternoon of the same day. It is the biggest protest in the country since the fall of communism in 1989.
References
2020s in Poland
2020 in Europe
October 2020 events
November 2020 events
Functional analysis

Functional analysis is a branch of mathematical analysis. This area emerged from the studies of differential equations (especially partial differential equations). It has many applications in various fields. One of the famous use is numerical analysis.
References
Further reading
Other websites
Topics in Real and Functional Analysis by Gerald Teschl, University of Vienna.
Lecture Notes on Functional Analysis by Yevgeny Vilensky, New York University.
Lecture videos on functional analysis by Greg Morrow from University of Colorado Colorado Springs
Mathematical analysis
Functions and mappings