pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rabat–Salé Airport

Sale Airport or Rabat-Sale Airport is an international airport located in the city of Sale, also serving Rabat, the capital city of Morocco and of the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region
References
Buildings and structures in Morocco
Airports in Africa
Indecent exposure

Indecent exposure is a term that is used that describes the act of a person deliberately showing parts of their body in a way that is not considered good behavior by local standards, called decency.
These standards vary around the world. These rules are often affected by religion, morality, or tradition They can be justified as "necessary to maintain public order". Non-sexual exhibitionism, or public nudity, is sometimes said to be indecent exposure. If sexual acts are performed, or hinted at, it is very often considered to be indecent exposure. For this, there sometimes is a case of gross indecency. This term is usually used for a more serious offence.
Many communities have ideas of what parts of the body should be overed in public. Not covering these parts may be seen as indecent exposure. For example. in many Muslim countries, a woman not wearing a veil may be seen as indecent. She may be seen as not being modest.
While a woman exposing her breast seen as indecent in many countries but they are often allowed to breastfeed their children in public without punishment.
Different standards
What defines indecent varies widely. For example, it is seen as indecent for a woman show their nipples in much of the United States. In these areas is women must cover their nipples with pasties. In other areas. women are allowed to be topless. New York City is a place were it is legal for a woman to be topless in public. The standard of decency are developed in each given community. They can also say what kind of clothing should be worn. There are societies, such as those in Saudi Arabia or Afghanistan, where the standards are very strict. In these societies, modesty requires that most of the body is covered, most of the time. In other societies, such as the tribal societies of the Piraha or theMursi, is is normal for people to be naked.
History
The standards of decency have varied over time. During the Victorian era, exposure of a woman's legs and arms was seen as indecent in much of the Western world. At formal occasions, hair was sometimes required to be covered with a hat or bonnet. As late as the 1930s, and sometimes the 1950s. both women and men were expected to bathe or swim in public places wearing bathing suits that covered above the waist. An adult woman exposing her navel was seen as indecent in parts of the West into the 1960s and 1970s. Moral values changed drastically during the 1990s and 2000s. This also changed the criteria for indecent exposure.
Public exposure of the navel has been accepted in public. In the 2000s, the buttocks was often exposed while wearing a thong. For many years, however, it was quite common for women to show boobs at public beaches throughout Europe and South America and even some parts of the United States. From 2010 to 2020, the numbers of women going topless on beaches has taken a sharp drop. This is possibly explained by the rising popularity of the smartphone, combined with websites people share pictures of (partly) naked women.
References
Paraphilias
Sex crimes
Nudity
ArenaBowl

The ArenaBowl is the Arena Football League's championship game.
Past ArenaBowl Results
Most ArenaBowl Championships Won
Other websites
ArenaBowl.com
Arena Football League
Arena Football League
Scinax funereus

The Moyobamba snouted tree frog (Scinax funereus) is a frog that lives in Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil.
The adult male frog is 28.7-35.1 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 34.2-38.6. Its skin is pale green or brown with darker brown or darker green marks. There is webbing on the back feet but not on the front feet.
This frog lives in trees in primary forest and secondary forest.
References
Frogs of South America
The Dinner Party

The Dinner Party is an art installation that was created by artist Judy Chicago from 1974 through 1979. Chicago made the art work with the help of many volunteers. It was first shown in 1979 at the at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. It is considered to be an important early part of the Feminist Art movement. It was purchased by the Brooklyn Museum in 2002.
The table is triangular and measures 48 feet (14.63 m) on each side. There are 13 place settings on each of the table's sides, making 39 in all. Wing I honors women from Prehistory to the Roman Empire, Wing II honors women from the beginnings of Christianity to the Reformation and Wing III from the American Revolution to feminism.
Each place setting features a table runner embroidered with the woman's name and images or symbols relating to her accomplishments, with a napkin, utensils, a glass or goblet, and a plate. Many of the plates feature a butterfly- or flower-like sculpture representing a vulva. A cooperative effort of female and male artisans, The Dinner Party is created with artistic techniques historically thought to be work done by women. These techniques include textile arts (weaving, embroidery, sewing) and china painting.
Women represented in the place settings
The 39 women with places at the table are:
Wing I: From Prehistory to the Roman Empire
1. Primordial Goddess
2. Fertile Goddess
3. Ishtar
4. Kali
5. Snake Goddess
6. Sophia
7. Amazon
8. Hatshepsut
9. Judith
10. Sappho
11. Aspasia
12. Boadicea
13. Hypatia
Wing II: From the Beginnings of Christianity to the Reformation
14. Marcella
15. Saint Bridget
16. Theodora
17. Hrosvitha
18. Trota of Salerno
19. Eleanor of Aquitaine
20. Hildegard of Bingen
21. Petronilla de Meath
22. Christine de Pisan
23. Isabella d'Este
24. Elizabeth I
25. Artemisia Gentileschi
26. Anna van Schurman
Wing III: From the American to the Women's Revolution
27. Anne Hutchinson
28. Sacajawea
29. Caroline Herschel
30. Mary Wollstonecraft
31. Sojourner Truth
32. Susan B. Anthony
33. Elizabeth Blackwell
34. Emily Dickinson
35. Ethel Smyth
36. Margaret Sanger
37. Natalie Barney
38. Virginia Woolf
39. Georgia O'Keeffe
References
1979 works
List of museums in Seoul

This is a list of museums in Seoul.
National Museums
Bank of Korea Museum ()
National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts Museum (NCKTPA Museum) ()
National Folk Museum of Korea ()
National Museum of Korea ()
National Palace Museum of Korea ()
Police Heritage Museum ()
Seoul National Science Museum ()
City Museums
Global Village Folk Museum ()
Seodaemun Museum of Natural History ()
Seoul Museum of Art ()
Seoul Museum of History ()
Seoul Education Museum ()
War Memorial of Korea ()
Private Museums
Gahoe Museum ()
Daelim Contemporary Art Museum ()
Dosan Ahn Chang-ho Memorial Hall ()
Horim Museum ()
Hwajeong Museum ()
Kim Koo Museum & Gallery ()
Kumho Museum ()
Kyungwoon Museum ()
Lock Museum ()
Mokin Museum ()
Museum of Korean Buddhist Art ()
Museum of Korean Embroidery ()
Newspaper Museum in Korea (Presseum) ()
Onggi Folk Museum ()
Rodin Gallery ()
Samseong Museum of Publishing ()
Samsung Children's Museum ()
Seoul Olympic Museum ()
Tibet Museum ()
Tteok Museum ()
Woori Bank Museum ()
World Jewellery Museum ()
University Museums
Dongguk University Museum ()
Ewha Womans University Museum ()
Museum of Art, Seoul National University (MoA SNU) ()
Seoul National University Museum ()
Sookmyung Women's University Museum ()
Seoul
South Korea-related lists
Lists of buildings in Asia
Cubic centimetre

A cubic centimetre (symbol cm3 or cc) (U.S. spelling: cubic centimeter) is a commonly used unit of volume extending the derived SI-unit cubic metre and corresponds to the volume of a cube measuring 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm. One cubic centimetre corresponds to a volume of of a cubic metre, or of a litre; therefore, 1 cm3 = 1 mL. In many scientific fields, the use of cubic centimetres has been replaced by the millilitre. The medical and automotive fields are two of the few fields wherein the term cubic centimetre was never discontinued in the United States. In the United Kingdom millilitres are used in preference to cubic centimetres in the medical field.
One cubic centimetre of water is equal to 1 gram.
Units of volume
SI derived units
sv:Liter#Milliliter
Ruth Graham

Ruth Bell Graham (June 10, 1920 - June 14, 2007) was the wife of evangelist Billy Graham. She was born at Qingjiang, Kiangsu, China as Ruth McCue Bell, the second of five children. Her parents, Dr. and Mrs. L. Nelson Bell, were medical missionaries at the Presbyterian Hospital 300 miles north of Shanghai.
Other websites
Official website on BillyGraham.org
1920 births
2007 deaths
American painters
American philanthropists
American poets
American Presbyterians
Deaths from pneumonia
Writers from North Carolina
Maria Redaelli

Maria Granoli (Maria Redaelli; 3 April 1899 - 2 April 2013) was an Italian supercentenarian. At the time of her death, just one day shy of her 114th birthday, she was the oldest living person in Italy, the oldest living person in Europe, and the 4th oldest living person in the world behind Jiroemon Kimura, Misao Okawa and Gertrude Weaver (Weaver's case was confirmed in 2014, which after Maria Redaelli's death.).
Redaelli was born on 3 April 1899 in Inzago (Province of Milan), Lombardy, Italy. She was married to Gaspare Granoli until his death. They had two children; one died. Redaelli died on 2 April 2013 (just one day away from her 114th birthday) in her home in Filanda, Lombardy, Italy from natural causes, aged 113. After that, Emma Morano become the oldest living person in Italy and Europe.
References
1899 births
2013 deaths
Italian centenarians
People from Milan
Supercentenarians
Revenge of the Nerds

Revenge of the Nerds is a 1984 comedy film about a group of brainy misfits who get into university in computer science and get revenge against the people by whom they are constantly bullied. An episode of The Simpsons called "Revenge is a dish best served three times over" included a parody of Revenge of the Nerds called "the Revenge of the Geeks" of which Milhouse Van Houten is the protagonist.
1984 movies
1980s sex comedy movies
1980s teen comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
American movies
American sex comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about bullying
Charles O. Finley

Charles Oscar Finley (February 22 1918 - February 19 1996), nicknamed Charlie O or Charley O, was an American businessman. He was the owner of the Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball team.
Other websites
Baseball Hall of Fame candidate profile
BaseballLibrary - profile and career highlights
Businesspeople from Indiana
Baseball executives
People from Gary, Indiana
Oakland Athletics
1918 births
1996 deaths
Teapot Rock

Teapot Rock is a rock formation in Natrona County, Wyoming. A nearby oil field is named after the rock. The oil field was the focus of a bribery scandal during the administration of Warren G. Harding, the Teapot Dome scandal. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
The eroded sandstone formation is tall and is about in circumference. It is a few hundred yards east of Wyoming Highway 259, about north of Casper, Wyoming in the Powder River Basin near Teapot Creek.
The outline of the rock once resembled a teapot and gave its name to several man-made and natural features, including a geologic structural uplift known as the Teapot Dome, and an oil field about east.
In 1915, U.S. Navy was converting its ships to oil-fired boilers. The Navy bought the Teapot Dome Oil Field. It was called "Naval Petroleum Reserve Number Three" as part of a program to ensure that the Navy would have sufficient fuel reserves in an emergency. It was one of several related fields in the area, the largest of which was the Salt Creek Oil Field. By comparison with the Salt Creek Field's peak production of of 1923, the Teapot Dome field had about 64 wells, with few producing more than 150 barrels per day (24 m3/d).
References
Other websites
Photographs of Teapot Rock at the National Park Service's NRHP database
Teapot Rock at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office
http://wiki.wyomingplaces.org/w/page/12716496/Teapot-Rock
National Register of Historic Places
Geography of Wyoming
Landforms of the United States
Janet Lilly

Janet Lilly (born August 15, 1957) is an American modern dancer and choreographer. She was a principal dancer for a company from 1983 to 1991. She is now at University of North Carolina at Greensboro college of visual and performing arts.
Lilly was born in Iowa City, Iowa.
Awards
2008-2009 Fulbright Lecturer Award
2001 National Endowment of the Arts Creation and Planning Grant
References
1957 births
American dancers
American choreographers
Actors from Iowa City, Iowa
Living people
Hueytown, Alabama

Hueytown is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States and a suburb of Birmingham near Bessemer. At the 2000 census the population was 15,364.
Cities in Alabama
Ofer Levi

Ofer Levi (; born June 17, 1964) is an Israeli singer, composer and musician. He was one of the pioneers of the Mizrahi music in the Turkish and Arabic genres.
References
1964 births
Israeli singers
Israeli composers
Sudlersville, Maryland

Sudlersville is a town in the far northeastern corner of Queen Anne's County, Maryland, United States. The ZIP code is 21668 and the area code is 410. The population was 497 at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in Maryland
Suhrawardi

The Suhrawardi or Suhrawardiyya tarika (Way/Path) is one of the main Sufi orders or schools. It was founded by the Sufi sage Shahab-ud-din Suhrawardi.
Sufic orders
Naval Aviation

Naval Aviation is the air force branch of a navy. Its aircraft can be airplanes and helicopters.
Missions
Missions for naval aviation include:
Maritime patrol, with aircraft like Lockheed P-3 Orion or Ilyushin Il-38 May. It is for air reconnaissance over oceans and seas. This is looking for enemy warships, and in particular submarines. Weapons are generally torpedoes, missiles, mines, and light rockets.
Coastal Survey, with aircraft like Dassault Falcon 50M or Fokker 50 MPA. It is like maritime patrol, but closer to the coast. Some of the aircraft used are armed.
Search and rescue, with aircraft and helicopters like Aerospatiale SA-321 Super Frelon or Lockheed HC-130 Hercules. It is to find and rescue the victims of accidents at sea. This is done after a shipwreck or in heavy storms.
Fighting and air combat, is the mission of naval fighters that fly from an aircraft carrier. Famous aircraft in 2013 are Dassault Rafale M, and F/A-18 Hornet.
Fighting against submarines, is the mission of naval helicopters like Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk or Mil Mi-14. Weapons are generally torpedoes and mines.
Countries
In 2013 the following countries had a naval aviation: Argentina, Brazil, France, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain, United Kingdom and the United States.
History
The first naval aviation was the British Royal Naval Air Service, that was created on 13 April 1912. On April 1, 1918 the RNAS and the Royal Flying Corps were merged into the Royal Air Force. During World War I and after World War II, naval aviation were used for all kinds of combat missions. Famous battles were Pacific War, Normandy Landings, Dieppe Raid and Battle of Midway. After the World Wars it was used for the Falklands War, the Libyan Civil War, and the Gulf War.
USMC Naval aviation
U.S.M.C. aviation was used in World War II,Korean War and the Vietnam War
U.S. Naval aviation
U.S. Naval aviation was used in World War II,Korean War and the Vietnam War
Military aviation
Navy
Heroes (TV series)

Heroes is an American television show on the network NBC in the US, BBC 2 in the UK and various other stations worldwide. It is about a group of people who have superpowers. It was shown from 2006-2010.
Main characters
Peter Petrelli
Emma Coolidge
Claire Bennet
Sylar
Samuel Sullivan
Hiro and Ando
Other websites
2006 American television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
2000s American drama television series
2000s science fiction television series
2010s American drama television series
2010s science fiction television series
American science fiction television series
American time travel television series
NBC network shows
English-language television programs
Frasin

Frasin is a town in Suceava County, Romania. The Suceava River is 2 nautical miles to the northwest of Frasin, and Vama is 3.5 nautical miles west of Frasin.
References
Towns in Suceava County
Pudong New District

Pudong New District (Chinese: Pu Dong Xin Qu ), major eastern district of Shanghai founded in 1990 as part of the Reforming and Opening Up Policy of Deng Xiaoping. It is named for its position on the eastern bank of the Huangpu River. Famous attractions include Lujiazui, Century Park, Shanghai World Expo Site, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Dishui Lake and Pudong International Airport.
Shanghai
Issa J. Boullata

Issa J. Boullata (; February 25, 1929 - May 1, 2019) was a Palestinian scholar and writer. He was noted for his translation of Arabic writing. He was professor of Arabic literature and language at Hartford Theological Seminary (Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.) from 1968 to 1975, and McGill University (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) from 1975 to 1999. He was a two-time winner of the Arabic Translation Award by the University of Arkansas Press in 1993 and 1997.
Boullata was born in Jerusalem. He was a Palestinian Arab and Orthodox Christian. He was married to Marita Seward. The couple had three children. Boullata died on May 4, 2019 in Montreal, at the age of 90.
References
1929 births
2019 deaths
Christians
Academics
People from Jerusalem
Translators
Brassicaceae

Brassicaceae is a family of plants including mustard, wasabi, and horseradish. They are also called the mustard family, or cabbage family. Some plants in this family are hot when you eat them, so they are used as spices. Another group includes the cabbages, where there are broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage. Another name for this family is Cruciferae.
The flowers of this family have four petals and look like a cross. The name comes from the genus in it, Brassica.
Image gallery
Noriko Ishibashi

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Ishibashi was born on May 5, 1970. In December 1989, she was selected the Japan national team for 1989 AFC Championship. At this competition, on December 24, she debuted and scored a goal against Nepal. She also played at 1991 AFC Championship. This competition was her last game for Japan. She played 3 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1991.
Statistics
References
1970 births
Living people
Japanese footballers
Japan women's international footballers
Nadeshiko League players
Iga FC Kunoichi Mie players
1989 AFC Women's Championship players
1991 AFC Women's Championship players
Jutes

The Jutes were a Germanic people who are believed to have come from Jutland (called Iutum in Latin) in modern Denmark inclusive Southern Schleswig in Northern Germany and part of the Frisian coast. The Jutes, along with the Angles, Saxons and Frisians, were mentioned amongst the Germanic tribes who sailed across the North Sea to raid and eventually invade Great Britain.
It is believed that the Jutes settled particularly in Kent and the Isle of Wight. The land where the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons settled became the country of England.
Other websites
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jute." Encyclopedia Britannica, December 21, 2016.
Were the West Saxons guilty of ethnic cleansing?
Germanic tribes
Schleswig-Holstein
Andy Scott (guitarist)

Andrew David Scott (born 30 June 1949) is a Welsh musician and songwriter. He is best known for being the lead guitarist and a backing vocalist in of the British glam rock band Sweet. After bassist Steve Priest's death in June 2020, Scott is the last living member of the band's classic lineup.
Scott was born in Wrexham. In September 2009, he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. He lives in All Cannings, Wiltshire.
References
Other websites
1949 births
Living people
Welsh rock musicians
Welsh singers
British rock guitarists
Elías Yanes Álvarez

Elias Yanes Alvarez (16 February 1928 - 9 March 2018) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Zaragoza.
Yanes Alvarez was ordained to the priesthood in 1952. He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oviedo from 1970 to 1977. Yanes Alvarez then served as Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zaragoza from 1977 until 2005.
Yanes Alvarez died in Zaragoza of complications from a fall on 9 March 2018 at the age of 90.
References
1928 births
2018 deaths
Spanish Roman Catholic archbishops
IBM

International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is a multinational technology company from the United States that makes and sells software, computer hardware, infrastructure services, and consulting services. IBM is one of the biggest Information Technology companies in the world. IBM has had the most patents of any technology company for many years, and has made many important inventions and discoveries that have improved computers.
IBM began in 1911, it was called the "Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company". It was set up by a man named Charles Flint. There were no computers at that time, so IBM made other machines, such as typewriters. In 1924, the company changed its name to International Business Machines (IBM). In 1937, the company's Tabulating Machines were used by the United States government to record information about Americans, so they could make a new law called the Social Security Act.
During World War II, IBM made guns for the American army. During the 1960s and 1970s IBM dominated the mainframe computer market. IBM computers were used for American space exploration. From the 1980s starting in 1981 until 2005, IBM made personal computers. In 2005, IBM sold their personal computer manufacturing to a Chinese company called Lenovo. Today, IBM mostly makes software, and some powerful supercomputers.
References
Other websites
American computer hardware manufacturers
1911 establishments
Multinational technology companies
Companies based in New York (state)
Arenzano

Arenzano is a coastal town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Genoa, Liguria, northern Italy, facing the Ligurian Sea. , it has a population of 11,445.
References
Towns in Italy
Settlements in Liguria
Scenario

In context with theatre and movies a scenario (from Italian, that which is pinned to the scenery) is a description of an event or series of actions and events. In the Commedia dell'arte it was an outline of entrances, exits, and action describing the story of a play that was literally pinned to the back of the scenery.
Surviving scenari from the Renaissance contain little other than character names, brief descriptions of action, and references to specific lazzi with no further explanation. It is believed that a scenario forms the basis of a fully improvisational performance though it is also likely that they were simple reminders of the plot for those members of the cast who were literate.
In the creation of an opera or ballet, a scenario is often developed initially to indicate how the original source, if any, is to be adapted. This sketch can be helpful in "pitching" the idea to a prospective producer, director, or composer.
Scenarios are also used in policy planning, and when trying out strategies against uncertain future developments. Here the key idea is for the scenario to be an overview, a summary, of a projected course of action, events or situations. Scenarios are widely used by organizations of all types to understand different ways that future events might unfold.
Theater
Planning
Moorhead, Minnesota

Moorhead is a town in Minnesota with a population of 32,177. It is regarded as the twin city of Fargo, North Dakota, since they are right next to each other. The town was first built in 1870 near a natural crossing point for the Red River. It was named after William G.Moorhead, who was a director of the Northern Pacific Railway.
Musician Buddy Holly was on his way to Moorhead when he died in a plane crash. This was called "the Day that Music Died" in the song "American Pie", by Don McLean.
References
Other websites
City of Moorhead's Official website
Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
Torre-Pacheco

Torre-Pacheco is a municipality of 35,676 people (2019). It is found in the province and autonomous community of Murcia in Spain.
Municipalities in the Region of Murcia
Porta Romana (Boccioni)

The Porta Romana (also known as Workshop of Porta Romana in Milano) is a 20th-century portrait painted in oil by Umberto Boccioni, made around 1909-1910 in Milan in Via Adige, near Porta Vigentina, during the Futurism in Milano, Italy, exhibited at the Gallerie di Piazza Scala.
Description
The work is created by Boccioni in his apartment in Via Adige at number 23 in Milan, near the door Porta Romana - Vigentina, near the Museum Fondazione Prada, while looking from the window. Today the neighborhood is identified with innovative luxury fashion and art.
The Palazzo displays a plaque in memory of the painter Boccioni on the outside.
Today these urban area is the youngest and most innovative in Milan and can be compared to the Upper East Side of New York.
History
Boccioni was inspired by his window from which he also created the work The Street Enters the House and Mater.
Related pages
Twilight at Porta Romana (Boccioni)
Porta Romana (Milan)
Mater (Boccioni)
The Street Enters the House (Boccioni)
Bibliography
Omar Calabrese - Vittorio Giudici, Art dall'Ottocento a oggi, Mondadori Education, 2012
Other websites
Pittori del'900- Umberto Boccioni
Officine a Porta Romana, Boccioni, Umberto, Lombardia Beni Culturali
L'inno futurista di Boccioni risuona a Londra. Donne e officine all'Estorick Collectiona
Paintings at Porta Romana
1900s paintings
Paintings by Umberto Boccioni
Paintings in Milan
Bleiswijk

Bleiswijk is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Since 2007, it has been part of the new municipality of Lansingerland.
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland
Former municipalities of South Holland
Lansingerland
The Homestretch

The Homestretch is a 1947 American drama movie directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and starring Cornel Wilde, Maureen O'Hara, Glenn Langan, Helen Walker, James Gleason, Henry Stephenson, Margaret Bannerman. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1947 drama movies
American drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by H. Bruce Humberstone
Gomillion v. Lightfoot

Gomillion v. Lightfoot, 364 U.S. 339 (1960), was a United States Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled the redrawing of the city's electoral district boundaries to prevent blacks from voting was unconstitutional. The unanimous Court held that it violated the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This case was one of several that led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Background
In 1957, the Alabama state legislature passed Act number 140 that changed the borders of the city of Tuskegee's electoral district. It changed the square boundary of Tuskegee to an irregular 28-sided figure that eliminated all but a few of the city's 400 black voters but did not eliminate any white voters. It had the effect of keeping African-American citizens from voting. The petitioners Charles A. Gomillion and other black former residents of Tuskegee brought the suit against the Mayor of Tuskegee, Philip M. Lightfoot. They wanted the law ruled unconstitutional under the Fifteenth Amendment. They also wanted an order that prevented the city from enforcing the Act.
Fifth District Court ruling
The District Court dismissed the case on the grounds it did not have the authority to invalidate an Act passed by the state legislature. The court ruled:
Supreme Court ruling
On 14 November 1960, the Supreme Court dismissed the ruling by the lower courts and ruled the Alabama redistricting act was unconstitutional. Justice Felix Frankfurter wrote the majority opinion. He admitted that when states exercise power "wholly within the domain of state interest" they are generally protected from judicial review. But Alabama's representatives were not able to identify "any countervailing municipal function" that this act could serve. It was clear the irregular shaped district had only one purpose, namely, to prevent blacks from any participation in the political system of Tuskegee.
Significance
This case marked a change in the Supreme Court's involvement in political redistricting. Up to this point the Court had shown it was reluctant to interfere with the States when establishing political boundaries of their cities. However, this case served to show that states cannot deprive citizens of their voting rights which are protected by the Fifteenth Amendment. Although the practice of gerrymandering remained an issue after this case, the Court determined it was unconstitutional when it clearly discriminated against any particular racial group.
References
1960 in the United States
Rights
United States Supreme Court cases
Frame (vehicle)

A vehicle frame, is the main structural element of a motor vehicle. All other components are connected to the frame. Another term for this design is body-on-frame construction. A vehicle's frame is part of the chassis.
The first motor vehicles were almost all built on a frame. Since then, nearly all cars have changed to unibody construction (see below). The last UK mass-produced car with a chassis was the Triumph Herald, which was discontinued in 1971. By contrast, today nearly all trucks and buses still use chassis frames.
Types
Ladder Frame
Named because it resembles a ladder, the ladder frame is the simplest and oldest of all designs. It has two rails, or beams, and crossmembers connecting them. Most manufacturers stopped using them on cars around the 1940s. They are now seen mainly on trucks.
Unibody
In a unibody (also unit body) design, the sheet metal of the body is also the frame. It may use subframes in certain areas. Unibody designs first appeared in the 1930s on some Citroen automobiles. Many modern vehicles use unibody construction including cars, minivans and crossovers. A few SUVs use unibody construction. An example is the Dodge Durango.
References
Auto parts
Gerhard Schröder

Gerhard Schroder was Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005.
He was born on 7 April 1944 in Mossenberg, North Rhine-Westphalia.
After school he learned retail sales in a Lemgo from 1958 to 1961.
After that he made his abitur (highest school exam in Germany) in Bielefeld. Then he studied law in Gottingen. After that he worked as a lawyer.
He joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany in 1963 and became chairman of its youth organisation in 1978.
In 1986 he became a member of the State Parliament of Lower Saxony.
In 1990 he was elected as Prime-Minister of Lower Saxony.
He became the chancellor of Germany in 1998. After elections in 2005, he was replaced by Angela Merkel. He is a member of the SPD (Social Democratic Party of Germany).
Other websites
1944 births
Living people
Chancellors of Germany
Members of the German Bundestag
German lawyers
Ministers-President of Lower Saxony
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
John Barrowman

John Scot Barrowman MBE (born 11 March 1967) is a Scottish-American actor, author, presenter and singer.
Early life
Barrowman was born on 11 March 1967 in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, but moved to Joliet, Illinois, United States when he was 8 years old and grew up there. He is citizen of both the United Kingdom and the United States because of this. Barrowman was a contestant on the first series of Dancing on Ice in 2006.
Acting and presenting
Barrowman is most known for playing the character Captain Jack Harkness in the television series Doctor Who and Torchwood. He is also a famous musical actor and singer. He has appeared in many musicals, as well as television shows about musicals. He also has been a presenter for series such as Live & Kicking and, the Hollow Earth trilogy. He is currently staring in CW's Arrow as Malcolm Merlyn.
Personal life
Barrowman is openly gay. He has been in a relationship with Scott Gill since 1993. They have been civil partners since 2006. They married in 2013.
References
1967 births
Living people
Actors from Glasgow
Actors from Joliet, Illinois
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television presenters
British television personalities
Dancing on Ice participants
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT people from Illinois
LGBT singers
Musicians from Glasgow
Scottish LGBT people
Scottish movie actors
Scottish singers
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish television presenters
Singers from Illinois
Television personalities from Glasgow
Television personalities from Illinois
Wendy Greuel

Wendy Jane Greuel (born May 23, 1961) is an American Democratic politician. She was born in Los Angeles. She was a member of the Los Angeles City Council from 2002 until 2009. Greuel was also the Los Angeles City Controller from 2009 until 2013.
In 2013, Greuel ran for Mayor of Los Angeles but lost in the run-off to Eric Garcetti. In 2014, she ran for the United States House of Representatives, but lost the Democratic nomination to Ted Lieu.
References
1961 births
Living people
Politicians from Los Angeles
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Wieseth

Wieseth is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Ansbach (district)
Punch line

A punch line ends a joke. It is used to make people laugh. A punch line can also be the funny ending of any other type of story. The term "punch line" was first used in the 1920s.
References
Humor
Flyby (spaceflight)

When talking about spaceflight, a flyby is when a spacecraft passes close to another object, and takes some measurements, or pictures. Sometimes, the spacecraft uses the other object to gain speed or to change direction, in an operation called gravity assist.
Spacecraft that are specially designed for this task are known as flyby spacecraft. Important parameters of a flyby are the time and the distance of the closest approach.
Flyby maneuvers can be done with a planet, a natural satellite or a non-planetary object such as a small Solar System body.
Planetary flybys have occurred with Mars or Earth amongst others.
Kuiper belt
The New Horizons spacecraft did a fly by the Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth on New Year's Day 2019, after its successful flyby of the dwarf planet Pluto in 2015.
On the night of December 31, 2018 to the morning of January 1, 2019 New Horizons performed the most distant flyby to date, of the Kuiper belt object Arrokoth. New Horizons previously did a flyby of Pluto in July 2015, and that was at about 32.9 AU (astronomical units) from the Sun, while the New Year's Day 2019 flyby of the Kuiper object Arrokoth was at 43.6 AU.
Cassini
Cassini-Huygens (launched 1997) orbited Saturn from 2004-2017. It performed flybys of many of Saturn's moons including Titan. Cassini-Huygens had its first flyby of Titan in October 2004.
Cassini conducted many flybys at various distances of the moons of Saturn. It achieved 126 flybys of Titan, and its final close flyby was on April 22, 2017 before its retirement.
An animation of the Cassini spacecraft trajectory around Saturn over 10 years, during which it passed closely by many moons of Saturn, is at right.
Comets
International Cometary Explorer (ISEE-3) passed through the plasma tail of comet Giacobini-Zinner doing a flyby of the distance of of the nucleus on September 11, 1985.
In 2010, the Deep Impact spacecraft, on the EPOXI mission did a flyby of comet Hartley 2.
Natural flyby
Flyby is also used to describe when, for example, an asteroid approaches and flies by the Earth.
This was also the term for when a comet did a flyby of Mars in 2014.
P/2016 BA14 was radar imaged at distance of from Earth in 2016, during its flyby. This enabled the size of the nucleus to be calculated to about in diameter.
On December 16, 2018 the short period comet 46P/Wirtanen had its closest approach of Earth, coming within (one of its closest approaches to Earth).
References
Astronomy
Pages with unreviewed translations
Spaceflight
Ima Keithel

Ima Keithel (English: Mothers' Market), also known as Nupi Keithel (English: Women's Market), or Khwairamband Keithel (English: Khwairamband Market), is a market in the middle of Imphal in the Indian state of Manipur. It is the only market in the world run entirely by women. Men are not allowed to sell anything. The Manipur Government has announced that the male shopkeepers will be punished if their shops are found inside the market.
The market has around 5000-6000 shopkeepers. Women sell many kinds of things, like vegetables, clothes and many others. These are mostly local made of the state.
The market was established in the sixteenth century AD. It has three large buildings. These are named after the three goddesses of Meitei religion. The goddesses are Leimarel Sidabi, Emoinu and Phouoibi.
Ima Keithel is a perfect example of the long-lasting tradition of business management done by women in Manipur. Traditionally, Meitei women always enjoyed high status in the economy of the society. Women lead the trade and commerce in food and vegetables, household things and clothes in Manipuri society. In history, it is the symbol of the empowerment and the leadership prospects of women in Manipur.
History
The market was established in the 16th century AD. During that time, the Lallup system (forced labor system) began in 1533 AD. The men had to either join the army or serve the kingdom elsewhere far from their homes. At those times, women supported their their families. They did everything that men had used to do. Women did everything from farming to making clothes. Finally, they sold many things at the market. The market was one of the most important permanent markets in the kingdom until the 20th century.
Administration
The market is run by a group of shopkeepers. It sets many traditional rules. According to it, women who marry only once in a lifetime are allowed to set up shops in the market. The shopkeepers include divorced women and widows. Many of them were the victims of the militancy in Manipur. Most of the women in the market are between 45 and 70 years old. The governing group regulates a system for lending money to women traders.
References
Other websites
Ima Keithel Mothers' Market
Ima Keithel Market
Ima Keithel Market Asia
Women's rights
Imphal
Street markets
Portia White

Portia May White (June 24, 1911 - February 13, 1968) was a Canadian contralto. She is known for becoming the first black Canadian concert singer to gain international fame. She trained at the Halifax Conservatory of Music. She also taught young musicians such as Lorne Greene, Dinah Christie, Don Francks, Robert Goulet and Anne Marie Moss. She performed a special command performance for Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip in 1964. Her final public appearance was in Ottawa during July 1967.
White was born in Truro, Nova Scotia. Her mother was a descendant of Black Loyalists in Nova Scotia. Her father, William A. White, was the son of former slaves in Virginia.
On February 13, 1968, White died of breast cancer in Toronto, Ontario. She was 56.
References
1911 births
1968 deaths
Canadian singers
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Contraltos
Deaths from breast cancer
Entertainers from Nova Scotia
List of presidents of Calabria

This is a list of the presidents of Calabria since 1970.
List
Presidents elected by the Regional Council (1970-2000)
Directly-elected presidents (since 2000)
Notes
Megabyte

A megabyte (MB) is a large number used when talking about hard drives or computer memory. One megabyte is 1 million bytes or 1 thousand kilobytes.
Until December 1998, when the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) first defined a mebibyte as 220, or 1,048,576 bytes, megabyte also meant either 1,048,576 bytes, or 1,024,000 bytes. Casual computer users still often use megabyte to mean one of these numbers.
One thousand megabytes make one gigabyte.
This definition is part of the International System of Quantities.
Units of information
Archer County, Texas

Archer County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 8,560 people lived there. The county seat is Archer City.
Places
Cities
Archer City (county seat)
Holliday
Scotland
References
Texas counties
Beavercreek, Ohio

Beavercreek is the largest city in Greene County, Ohio, United States.
References
Cities in Ohio
Blood diamond

Blood diamonds, also known as conflict diamonds, are diamonds mined in a war zone and sold illegally to pay for anti-government fighting. There have been 3.7 million deaths over diamonds.
Blood diamonds come from areas controlled by armed groups which are fighting against the government. These armed groups force civilians (mostly children) to mine diamonds. People who refuse to do this work may be raped, abused, or even murdered. The armed groups then sell the diamonds and use the money to buy weapons. Then they use these weapons to fight against the government.
Diamonds mined during the 20th-21st century civil wars in Angola, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau have been called blood diamonds.
The Kimberly Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) helps keep blood diamonds out of markets. Every KPCS-certified diamond has to be labeled with a specific government number. Eighty-one countries participate in the KPCS.
References
Conflicts
Minerals
Blackbirding

Blackbirding is a term to refer to tricking people to work on plantations, or farms for little or no pay. In the 19th century, it was mainly used to refer to people from the Pacific islands working in Australia, Peru, and Hawaii. The people were melanesians and micronesians. When hiring them, fraud, violence and deception were commonly used. In the 1930s, there were international protests that put an end to blackbirding.
During the 19th, and early 20th century, people were taken from the many Pacific Islands. These blackbirded people were called Kanakas or South Sea Islanders. They were taken from places such as Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Niue, Easter Island, the Gilbert Islands, Tuvalu, Fiji, and the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago amongst others.
Examples of blackbirding outside the South Pacific include the early days of the pearling industry in Western Australia at Nickol Bay and Broome: Aboriginal Australians were blackbirded from the surrounding areas. Chinese men were blackbirded from Amoy in the 1840s and 50s to work as unskilled labourers in the pearling, gold and farming industries.
Practices similar to blackbirding continue to the present day. One example is the kidnapping and coercion, often at gunpoint, of indigenous peoples in Central America to work as plantation labourers in the region. They are subjected to poor living conditions, are exposed to heavy pesticide loads, and do hard labour for very little pay.
Especially the Royal Navy, and different missionary societies saw Blackbirding as a form of slave trade. Blackbirding included a whole system of treaties, where the peopel agreed to be what was called an indentured servant. Even today, peole do not agree if this was a form of slavery.
References
Slavery
Gallipoli

The Gallipoli peninsula (; ; ) is in Turkish East Thrace, the European part of Turkey. To the west there is the Aegean Sea and to the east there are the Dardanelles straits.
History
After an earthquake in 1354, the Greek city of Gallipoli was abandoned, then occupied by Turks from Anatolia. This made it the first Ottoman position in Europe.
The peninsula was part of the Byzantine Empire. The Ottoman Empire slowly conquered it from 13th century to the 15th century. By the 19th century, thirty thousand people lived in the city: Greeks, Turks, Armenians, Jews and Xoraxane Roma.
It was a big military camp for the British and French forces during the Crimean War (1854). It was also a stopping-off point on the way to Constantinople.
In World War I, Gallipoli was the site of the Gallipoli Campaign launched by British and French forces against the Ottoman Empire.
Etymology
The name is from Greek "Kallipolis" (Kallipolis), meaning "Beautiful City".
In antiquity, it was called the Thracian Chersonese (, ).
References
Canakkale Province
Yuta Suzuki

Yuta Suzuki (born 28 May 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Montedio Yamagata.
Club career statistics
|-
|2006||rowspan="5"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}
References
Montedio Yamagata
1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Srđan Baljak

Srdan Baljak (born 25 November 1978) is a Serbian football player. He plays for Duisburg.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Partizan||rowspan="2"|First League||0||0
|-
|1999/00||1||0
|-
|1999/00||Radnicki Kragujevac||First League||15||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Partizan||rowspan="2"|First League||0||0
|-
|2001/02||0||0
|-
|2001/02||Buducnost Banatski Dvor||Second League||21||20
|-
|2002||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 1||13||3
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="3"|Buducnost Banatski Dvor||First League||17||7
|-
|2004/05||Second League||38||24
|-
|2005/06||SuperLiga||11||2
|-
|2006/07||Banat Zrenjanin||SuperLiga||30||18
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Mainz||rowspan="2"|2. Bundesliga||23||6
|-
|2008/09||31||11
|-
|2009/10||Bundesliga||4||0
|-
|2009/10||Duisburg||2. Bundesliga||||
133||71
13||3
58||17
204||91
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Belgrade
Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation

The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) is an American group that works to make sure that LGBT are not made to look bad in the media, and works so that the public are more accepting of LGBT people. It was founded in 1985 in New York City after there were a lot of negative reports about LGBT people, after the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. Their policies are for the freedom to be homosexual and not be judged.
History
The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation was started in 1985 in New York City. After the start of the AIDS epidemic, several newspapers, like the New York Post wrote reports that some people thought were homophobic and unfair. The Alliance was founded to protest against such negative coverage in the media.
Because of this, a group of people decided to band together and begin a group to change things. They were Vito Russo, Gregory Kolovakos, Darryl Rist, Allen Barnett and Jewelle Gomez. They named their group the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. At first they were more concerned with changing the way that stories about AIDS were reported to the public. As the group grew, they began to work with people in the entertainment industry to change the way that gay and lesbian people were made to look on films and on television.
GLAAD Media Awards
Every year, GLAAD hosts a ceremony where GLAAD Media Awards are given to people in the media and in entertainment that have represented LGBT people and issues fairly. Since 2009, there have been three ceremonies every year, one each in New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.
References
Other websites
LGBT in the United States
Organizations in New York City
1985 establishments in New York (state)
Civil rights organizations based in the United States
A Funk Odyssey

A Funk Odyssey is the fifth studio album by English funk band Jamiroquai. It was released on 3 September, 2001 through Sony Soho Square. It went to number 1 in Australia, France, Italy, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, number 2 in Germany and Japan, number 3 in Belgium, Ireland and Spain, number 4 in Austria, Finland and the Netherlands, number 5 in Canada, number 9 in Denmark, number 12 in Norway, number 13 in Sweden, number 17 in New Zealand and number 44 in the United States. The album cover marks the first time the Buffalo Man does not appear.
Track listing
References
2001 albums
Jamiroquai albums
Peleus

Peleus (, Peleus) was one of the early Greek heroes. Peleus was the son of Aeacus, king of the island of Aegina, and Endeis, the nymph of Mount Pelion. Alongside his brother Telamon, he joined the hero Jason as one of the Argonauts on the quest to find the Golden Fleece. He was the husband of the Nereid Thetis, by whom he is the father of Achilles.
People in Greek mythology