pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Benzene

Benzene, also known as benzol, is an organic chemical compound with the formula C6H6. It is a colorless and flammable liquid with a sweet smell. Benzene molecules are a ring of six carbon atoms that are each bonded to one hydrogen atom. It is an aromatic compound, meaning the ring has alternating double bonds.
Benzene is carcinogenic, which means it can cause cancer. It has many real-world uses. It is used as an additive in gasoline, plastics, synthetic rubber, dyes and it is an industrial solvent, which means it can dissolve many other chemical molecules. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil and is therefore present in gasoline. Many medicines contain parts made from benzene.
Structure
Benzene has special properties called aromaticity. All six carbon atoms in the ring are on the same flat plane. To account for all the bonds on a six carbon ring, there must be alternating double carbon bonds (Conjugated system):
If benzene had three double bonds, three sides of its ring would be shorter than the other three sides. X-ray diffraction shows that all of six carbon-carbon bonds in benzene are of the same length of 140 picometres (pm). The C-C bond lengths are greater than a double bond (135 pm) but shorter than a single bond (147 pm). This intermediate distance is consistent with electron delocalization: the electrons for C-C bonding are distributed equally between each of the six carbon atoms. The molecule is planar. One representation is that the structure exists as a superposition of so-called resonance structures, rather than either form individually. (In other words, the molecule's double bonds switch quickly between pairs of carbon atoms.) The delocalization of electrons is one explanation for the thermodynamic stability of benzene and related aromatic compounds. It is likely that this stability contributes to the peculiar molecular and chemical properties known as aromaticity. To indicate the delocalized nature of the bonding, benzene is often depicted with a circle inside a hexagonal arrangement of carbon atoms.
As is common in organic chemistry, the carbon atoms in the diagram above have been left unlabeled. Realizing each carbon has 2p electrons, each carbon donates an electron into the delocalized ring above and below the benzene ring. It is the overlap of p-orbitals both above and below the ring that produces the pi clouds.
In 1986, some chemists disputed the delocalized view of benzene in an article published in the journal Nature. They showed that the electrons in benzene are almost certainly localized to particular carbon atoms. They showed the aromatic properties of benzene come from spin coupling rather than electron delocalization. Other scientists wrote articles to support this view in Nature in 1987. But, chemists are slow to switch from the delocalized electrons view.
Derivatives of benzene occur sufficiently often as a component of organic molecules that there is a Unicode symbol in the Miscellaneous Technical block with the code U+232C () to represent it with three double bonds, and U+23E3 () for a delocalized version.
References
Hydrocarbons
Jeremy Bulloch

Jeremy Bulloch (16 February 194517 December 2020) was an English actor. He was best known for the role of the bounty hunter Boba Fett in The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi. Bulloch was born in Market Harborough, Leicestershire.
Bulloch died on 17 December 2020 in London from Parkinson's disease-related problems, aged 75.
References
Other websites
1945 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in London
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
Actors from London
Entertainers from Leicestershire
Paro District

Paro District is one of the 20 districts in Bhutan. The administrative centre is Rinpung Dzong.
Paro has the only international airport in Bhutan, Paro Airport.
There are ten village blocks:
Doga Gewog
Dopshari Gewog
Doteng Gewog
Hungrel Gewog
Lamgong Gewog
Lungnyi Gewog
Naja Gewog
Shapa Gewog
Tsento Gewog
Wangchang Gewog
Districts of Bhutan
Calorie

The calorie is a pre-SI unit of energy, most common in heat.
It is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of water by one Kelvin.
When on a food label, the term "Calorie" refers to kilocalories, or 1000 calories. In this case, the word "Calorie" is usually written with a capital C.
For a layman, calories are the parameters of energy consumption. Think of them like the gasoline in the car. But unlike the car, the body stores the excess gas for long. The reaction to the calorie depends on which macronutrient did that calorie came from.
References
Units of energy
List of counties in North Dakota

There are 53 counties in the U.S. state of North Dakota.
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties, is provided with each entry. North Dakota's code is 38, which when combined with any county code would be written as 38XXX. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county.
List
|}
References
North Dakota
Leuilly-sous-Coucy

Leuilly-sous-Coucy is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Constructed script

A constructed script (also artificial script, neography, and conscript for short) is a kind of writing system. It is a writing system that is specifically created by an individual or group, and is not like an evolved natural script. In contrast, natural scripts evolve and grow as part of a natural language or culture.
Some constructed scripts are made to be used for constructed languages. Other constructed scripts are used in linguistic experimentation or for other more practical uses in existing languages.
Writing systems
County Line, Alabama

County Line is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Towns in Alabama
Sagittarius (astrology)

Sagittarius is the astrological Zodiac sign that represents the constellation Sagittarius. Sagittarius is from November 22 to December 17. The opposite sign to Sagittarius is Gemini, which is from May 21 to June 20.
Mythology
In mythology Sagittarius is related to Greek myth of a centaur.
myths also says that the constellation Sagittarius represents chiron because of his responsible actions unlike all the other sagittarians.
Astrology
In astrology Sagittarius is ruled by the planet Jupiter.
Astrological signs
Suda

The Suda or Souda () is a massive 10th century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world. It is an encyclopedic dictionary, written in Greek, with 30,000 entries. The derivation is probably from the Byzantine Greek word souda, meaning 'fortress' or 'stronghold'.
The Suda is somewhere between a grammatical dictionary and an encyclopedia in the modern sense. It explains the source, derivation, and meaning of words according to the philology of its period. There is nothing especially important about this aspect of the work. It is the articles on literary history that are valuable. These entries supply details and quotations from authors whose works are otherwise lost.
This lexicon represents a convenient work of reference for persons who played a part in political, ecclesiastical, and literary history in the East down to the tenth century. The chief source for this is the encyclopedia of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (912-959), and for Roman history the excerpts of John of Antioch (seventh century).
The work deals with biblical as well as pagan subjects, from which it is inferred that the writer was a Christian. A prefatory note gives a list of dictionaries from which the lexical portion was compiled, together with the names of their authors. The work is uncritical, and probably much added to, and the value of the articles is very unequal. Nevertheless, it contains much information on ancient history and life.
The Souda has a near-contemporaneous Islamic parallel, the Kitab al-Fehrest of Ibn al-Nadim.
Organization
The lexicon is arranged alphabetically with some slight deviations. The letters follow phonetically, in order of sound (of course in the pronunciation of the tenth century, which is similar to that of modern Greek). The system is not difficult to learn and remember, but in some modern editions the work is rearranged alphabetically.
Other websites
Suda On Line .
References
Sources
Byzantine Empire
Encyclopedias
10th-century works
Peter Waddington

Peter Waddington is a rower from Australia. Peter competed in the men's coxed four event at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Peter was born on January 13, 1937.
References
Other websites
1937 births
Living people
Australian rowers
Australian Olympians
Sportspeople from Sydney
Mutrécy

Mutrecy is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Sulawesi

Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes) is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia, and is between Borneo and the Maluku Islands.
Geography
Sulawesi is the world's eleventh-largest island, covering an area of 174,600 km2. The island is surrounded by Borneo to the west, by the Philippines to the north, by Maluku to the east, and by Flores and Timor to the south. It has a distinctive shape, dominated by four large peninsulas: the Semenanjung Minahassa; the East Peninsula; the South Peninsula; and the South-east Peninsula. The central part of the island is ruggedly mountainous, such that the island's peninsulas have traditionally been remote from each other, with better connections by sea than by road.
Major cities
These are the ten largest cities in Sulawesi by population in 2010.
References
Cleo Demetriou

Cleopatra "Cleo" Demetriou (; ; born 23 April 2001) is a Cyprus-born Olivier Award-winning child actor. She is known for playing the main role in Matilda the Musical in London's West End. She is also known for being in the CBBC show, playing the role of Lily Hampton in So Awkward, and for singing the soundtrack "Made of Paper" to accompany the short movie Mache Man.
Filmography
Television
Theatre
Awards and nominations
References
2001 births
Living people
People from Putney
British child actors
Laurence Olivier Award winners
English stage actors
Lovilia, Iowa

Lovilia is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is in Monroe County.
Cities in Iowa
Marge Champion

Marjorie Celeste "Marge" Champion (nee Belcher; September 2, 1919 - October 21, 2020) was an American dancer, choreographer, and actress. She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography in 1975.
Career
At a young age she was hired as a dance model for Walt Disney Studios animated movies. Snow White was modeled after Champion for the 1937 animated classic Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Later she performed as an actress and dancer in movie musicals, and in 1957 had a TV show based on song and dance.
Champion has also done creative choreography for liturgy, and served as a dialogue and movement coach for the 1978 TV miniseries, The Awakening Land, set in the late 18th century in the Ohio Valley.
Together as a dance team, the Champions performed in MGM musicals of the 1940s and 50s, including Show Boat (1951) and Everything I Have Is Yours (1952). MGM wanted the couple to remake Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers movies, but only one, Lovely to Look At (1952), a remake of Roberta (1935), was completed.
Death
Champion turned 100 in September 2019. She died on October 21, 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 101.
References
Other websites
http://www.valyermodancers.org/DanceCompany.html
Marge Champion performing Dancing in 1986 at Jacob's Pillow
Archival footage from Jacob's Pillow PillowTalk: Hippo in a Tutu featuring Marge Champion, 8/28/2010
Emmy Award winners
1919 births
2020 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American dancers
American choreographers
Actors from Los Angeles
Models from Los Angeles
American centenarians
John Cullerton

John J. Cullerton (born October 28, 1948) is an American politician. He is a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate. He represents the 6th district since his appointment in 1991. He was elected President of the Illinois Senate in 2009.
References
Other websites
Biography, bills and committees at the 98th Illinois General Assembly
By session: 98th, 97th, 96th, 95th, 94th, 93rd
Illinois Senate President John Cullerton legislative website
Senate President John J. Cullerton at Illinois Senate Democrats
Collected news and commentary at the Chicago Tribune
1948 births
Living people
United States representatives from Illinois
Politicians from Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
State legislators of the United States
Break My Heart (Dua Lipa song)

"Break My Heart" is a 2020 song by English singer-songwriter Dua Lipa. The genre can be described as a pop song. The song samples the song Need You Tonight by rock band INXS. It is one of Lipas hughest charting songs. Iit charted at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The song is on her second studio album Future Nostalgia.
2020 songs
Dua Lipa songs
Henle's slender-legged tree frog

Henle's slender-legged tree frog (Osteocephalus mimeticus) is a frog in the family Hylidae. It lives in Bolivia and Peru. Scientists have seen it between 260 and 1650 meters above sea level.
First paper
References
Frogs of South America
Douglas DC-8

The Douglas DC-8 is an aircraft with four engines. It was the first jet plane made by the Douglas Aircraft Company. It was made from 1958 to 1972. There were 556 DC-8 planes built. Major users were Air Transport International, Astar Air Cargo and Johnsons Air. It was launched later than the Boeing 707.
Civil aircraft
Douglas aircraft
Greenville, Maine

Greenville is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,646 at the 2010 census. The town is centered on the lower end of Moosehead Lake.
References
Towns in Maine
Robert California

Robert California, also known as Bob Kazamakis, is a fictional character on the U.S. comedy television series The Office, played by James Spader. In the eighth season, Robert becomes CEO of Saber. In the eighth-season finale, California leaves the company after David Wallace buys Dunder Mifflin.
References
The Office (U.S. TV series) characters
Adam Schlesinger

Adam Lyons Schlesinger (October 31, 1967 - April 1, 2020) was an American singer-songwriter, record producer, and guitarist. He won three Emmys, a Grammy, and the ASCAP Pop Music Award. He was nominated for an Oscar, Tony Award and Golden Globe for best original song in 1983.
His best known work was writing and co-producing the title song to That Thing You Do!. He composed "Master Of The Seas" for Ice Age: Continental Drift performed by Jennifer Lopez, Peter Dinklage and others. He wrote and produced three songs for Music and Lyrics. He also wrote "Stacy's Mom".
He was a founding member of the bands Fountains of Wayne, Ivy, and Tinted Windows. He is a key songwriter and producer for Brooklyn-based synth-pop duo Fever High.
Schlesinger grew up in Manhattan and Montclair, New Jersey. He studied at Williams College.
On March 31, 2020, Schlesinger was diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized under critical condition. He died from the infection the following day in Poughkeepsie, New York at the age of 52.
References
Emmy Award winners
Grammy Award winners
1953 births
2006 deaths
American rock singers
American rock guitarists
Record producers
Singer-songwriters from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Singers from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Musicians from New Jersey
Businesspeople from New Jersey
People from Montclair, New Jersey
Lepidodendron

Lepidodendron is an extinct genus of primitive (tree-like) plant. They were the first large land plants, and a major part of the coal forest tropical flora.
They were huge, over , and the trunks were often over in diameter.
Sometimes called 'giant club mosses', they are actually closer to the quillworts Isoetes than to clubmosses.
Ecology
They thrived during the Pennsylvanian sub-period of the Carboniferous 315-300 million years years ago.
The conditions were tropical swamps and rain forests of a huge river system much larger that the Amazon basin.
The river plain which was the heart of the wetland stretched across Pangaea 5000 km from eastern Canada to the Ukraine, and was 700 km wide.p6 This would make the Pennsylvanian basin larger than any wetlands on Earth today.
Change of climate
The rainforest system collapsed about halfway through the Pennsylvanian, and was replaced by a cooler, drier climate.
The wetland forests ended when the land level was raised by the pressure of the Gondwana continent against Laurussia, causing the zone of contact to be raised. The end of the Coal Measures marks the end of the Carboniferous period. China was too far away to be affected, and there the wetland forests continued for another 50 million years, into the early Permian.p30
Structure
Lepidodendron had tall, thick trunks that rarely branched and were topped with a crown of bifurcating branches bearing clusters of leaves. These leaves were long and narrow, similar to large blades of grass, and were spirally-arranged.
The closely packed diamond-shaped leaf scars left on the trunk and stems as the plant grew provide some of the most interesting and common fossils in Carboniferous shales and accompanying coal deposits. These fossils look much like tire tracks or alligator skin.
The scars, or leaf cushions, were composed of green photosynthetic tissue, evidenced by the cuticle covering and being dotted with stomata, microscopic pores through which carbon dioxide from the air diffuses into plants. Likewise, the trunks of Lepidodendron would have been green, unlike modern trees which have scaly, non-photosynthetic brown or gray bark.
Lepidodendron has been likened to a giant herb. The trunks produced very little, if any, wood. Most structural support came from a thick, bark-like region. This region remained around the trunk as a rigid layer that did not flake off like that of most modern trees. As the tree grew, the leaf cushions expanded to accommodate the increasing width of the trunk.
The branches of this plant ended in cone-like structures. Lepidodendron did not produce seeds like many modern plants. Instead, it reproduced by means of spores.
Stigmaria
Stigmaria are a type of branching tree root fossil found in Carboniferous rocks. They were the roots of coal forest lycopsid trees such as Sigillaria and Lepidodendron. Each trunk had four of those roots. Stigmaria is a "form taxon", as the genus and species of the plant bearing the root cannot be identified.
References
Fossil plants
Vascular plants
Carboniferous
Extinct plants
Grapefruit juice

Grapefruit juice is the juice from grapefruits. Its taste ranges from sweet-tart to very sour. It has a lot of vitamin C.
Grapefruit juice is a popular breakfast drink in the United States.
Citrus
Fruit juices
Paolo Salvati

Paolo Salvati (born 22 February 1939 in Rome - 24 June 2014 in Rome) was an Italian figurative artist, painter, and draftsman. His landscapes are the expression of poetic art, characterized by an intense chromatic tone as a metaphorical depiction of the inner world of man.
Bibliography
Catalog of Modern Art No. 45, Paul Levi, Daniela Brignone; Mario Guderzo; Lea Mattarella, "The Italian Astist from the early twentieth century to today" (Gli Artisti Italiani dal Primo Novecento ad Oggi), Giorgio Mondadori, Milan, 2009, pp. 176-358. .
Catalog of Modern Art No. 46, Paul Levi, Daniela Brignone; Mario Guderzo; Lea Mattarella, "The Italian Artist from the early twentieth century to today" (Gli Artisti Italiani dal Primo Novecento ad Oggi), Giorgio Mondadori, Milan, 2010, pp. 192, 352-353. .
Catalog of Modern Art No. 47, in Paul Levi, Daniela Brignone; Mario Guderzo; Lea Mattarella, "The Italian Astist from the early twentieth century to today"( Gli Artisti Italiani dal Primo Novecento ad Oggi) Giorgio Mondadori, Milan, 2011, pp. 192-379. .
Enciclopedia d'arte italiana ndeg3, "Catalogo generale Artisti dal Novecento ad oggi", Edizioni Enciclopedia d'Arte Italiana, Milano, 2014, pp.58-247.
Catalog of Modern Art No 48, in Paul Levi Young Faccenda; Daniela Brignone; Mario Guderzo; Lea Mattarella, "The Italian Artist from the early twentieth century to today"(Gli Artisti Italiani dal Primo Novecento ad Oggi), Giorgio Mondadori, Milan, 2012, pp. 27, 392, 401-404. .
Catalog, (Paolo Salvati 1939-2014 : geniale creazione visiva) Eredi Salvati, Roma, 2016.
Related pages
List of Italian painters
References
Other websites
Official page on Facebook
Paolo Salvati, biography on Artprice.com
Paolo Salvati, biography on Mutualart.com
Paolo Salvati, biography on Askart.com
1939 births
2014 deaths
Italian painters
Rome
Saratoga Springs, Utah

Saratoga Springs is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States.
Cities in Utah
Appeasement

Appeasement is a diplomatic policy of meeting political demands to a possibly-aggressive power to avoid conflict.
The term was used especially for the foreign policy of the British governments of Prime Ministers Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain towards Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy between 1935 and 1939. It was supported by most people there and in France, most notably under Edouard Daladier, because people feared another world war.
Related pages
Detente
References
World War II
Game of Death II

Game of Death II (Si Wang Ta ) is a 1981 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Ng See-yuen and starring Tong Lung, Huong Cheng Li and Roy Horan. This film was marketed as a sequel to Game of Death (1978 movie). Produced and distributed by Golden Harvest.
Related pages
Prequel: Game of Death (Special features: Game of Death Redux)
Other Game of Death movies
Other Game of Death movies after the death of Bruce Lee. After the first appearance, in 1973, of The Game of Death (1972 movie) within the documentary Bruce Lee: the Man and the Legend, several studios exploited the situation by making their own versions of Game of Death based on what they had learned of the story from production stills and magazine articles. Some of these films pre-dated Robert Clouse's Game of Death (1978 movie). Goodbye Bruce Lee: His Last Game of Death (1975), Enter the Game of Death (1978), The True Game of Death (1979) and others. The sequel Game of Death II, is a kung fu action mystery film directed by Ng See-yuen which used cut footage from Lee's Enter the Dragon to have him make an appearance in the beginning of the film, only to be killed off midway, allowing his on-screen brother to take on the role of protagonist. Aside from the international English dub giving the Bruce Lee character the name Billy Lo, this movie appears to have no connection with Clouse's film.
References
Other websites
1981 movies
1981 action movies
Hong Kong movies
South Korean movies
Golden Harvest movies
Puurs-Sint-Amands

Puurs-Sint-Amands is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Puurs and Sint-Amands joined together to become the new municipality of Puurs-Sint-Amands.
2019 establishments in Belgium
Municipalities of Antwerp
Wok

A wok is a Chinese pan used for cooking. It has a round bottom. The most common use for the wok is stir frying, though it can also be used for deep frying, smoking, braising, roasting, grilling, and steaming.
In Indonesia, the wok is known as a wadjang, kuali in Malaysia, and kawali (small wok) and kawa (big wok) in the Philippines.
Other websites
Cookware and bakeware
Nokia 3300

Nokia 3300 is an mobile phone was announced for Nokia Corporation on March 11, 2003, Nokia 3300 is the smillar for Nokia 5510 in 1990 since for Nokia Corporation.
In September 14, 2010, Nokia 3300 has not available for official in shopping, buying and event are not available in Nokia Corporation.
Variants
Nokia 3300 can be released on March 11, 2003, from on based Nokia 5510 and more, on May 10, 2009. Apple announced they will discontinued Nokia 3300 in Australia.
In September 14, 2010, there are not available to buying Nokia 3300 from Nokia Corporation, which buying in shopping from Nokia.
Other websites
https://nokia.com/nokia3300
Nokia mobile phones
Mobile phones released in 2000s
The Book of Tea

is a long essay about the role that tea plays in Japanese lifestyle and culture. It was written by Okakura Kakuzo, and was published in 1906.
The book is written for a Western audience. It was originally written in English. Okakura had been taught at a young age to speak English and was good at communicating his thoughts to Westerners. In his book, he discusses Zen and Taoism, but also the secular (non-religious) aspects of tea and Japanese life. The book emphasizes how Teaism (the art of tea) taught the Japanese many things. Most importantly it taught them simplicity. Kakuzo says that this simplicity, inspired by tea, affected arts and architecture.
Teaism
When tea is more than a drink and the tea ceremony is understood and practiced to foster harmony in humanity, promote harmony with nature, discipline the mind, quiet the heart, and attain the purity of enlightenment, the art of tea becomes teaism. And it can be used to describe tea ceremony as the interests in tea culture and studies and pursued over time with self-cultivation. Teaism is mostly a simplistic mode of aesthetics, but there are subtle insights into ethics, and even metaphysics. Teaism is related to teamind. A sense of focus and concentration while under the influence of great tasting tea. Teaist is a person who performs or enjoys the art of tea and teaism. In Chinese, Japanese, and Korean cultures, they all have well-developed teaism.
History
Teaism is a synthesis of Taoism, Zennism, and tea. It is likely that it alludes more to the Taoist influences on Zen, and subsequently the Chado, or the Japanese tea ceremony, as he makes the statement, 'A subtle philosophy lay behind it all. Teaism was Taoism in disguise.' Teaism is brought out for its Taoist origins; but in the second half, it is shown through its manifestations in the Chado and in Japanese culture in general.
Terminology of dao/do with respect to tea
In this sense tea is more than a drink and more than an art, it is integrated in the culture and the mind. The term Chinese:chadao or Japanese:chado in English is a difficult translation task. In most common use and easy to express translation is "tea ceremony". A direct translation is "the way of tea" or "the way of tea". The term "teaism" is by some only signifies this with Japanese tea ceremony. Similar terms are "tea arts" and "tea culture". While the word lore is usually not used in this context, another term used is tea lore.
References
Teaism of Korea
Tea Life, Tea Mind by Qian Xuan Shi , Soshitsu Sen
Teaism defined
The Book of Tea (html text)
The Illustrated Book of Tea (Okakura's classic illustrated with 17th-19th century ukiyo-e woodblock prints of Japanese tea culture). Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. 2012. ASIN: B009033C6M
Other websites
The Transform of Tea Drinker's Aesthetic Inclination of Ming Scholars
The Book of Tea (2,8 MB), published in The TeX showcase and typeset by William Adams
The Book of Tea (html text)
Japanese tea ceremony
1906 works
Works of philosophy
1900s books
Matter of Rome

The Matter of Rome is the literary cycle of Greek and Roman mythology with episodes from the history of classical antiquity, focusing on military heroes like Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar. The medieval poet Jean Bodel divided the literary cycles into three: the Matter of Rome, the Matter of France, and the Matter of Britain.
Old French literature was largely made up of classical topics, mostly derived from Dictys Cretensis and Dares Phrygius, stories based on Homer.
Mythology
Literature
Cosmopolitan (magazine)

Cosmopolitan is an American magazine. It began publication around 1886 as a family magazine, although it later became a women's magazine around 1960. Topics include fashion, beauty, sex and health related issues.
Sources
American women's magazines
American monthly magazines
Section sign

The section sign (SS) (also known as the section marker, section symbol, paragraph sign, paragraph marker, paragraph symbol, double S or section mark or paragraph mark for short in parts of Europe) is a letter that is an alternate form of ss used in legal code. It is also a punctuation mark.
This character is used to refer to a section in legal code. For example, in the APA style: "Title 16 of the United States Code Section 580p" becomes "16 US Code SS 580p", which shows the section sign in place of "United States Code Section".
Keyboard entry
Many platforms and languages have support for the section sign:
macOS:
Windows: + or +
iOS: (long press)
Android: (long press)
Linux:
Unicode:
TeX: \S
HTML: SS, SS
URL Encoding: %A7 (Latin1) or %C2%A7 (UTF8)
Some keyboards include dedicated ways to access SS:
United Kingdom (Mac): (key left of 1)
Germany:
Italy:
Colemak:
Croatia:
LegalBoard (dedicated key).
References
Latin letters
Punctuation
Legal terms
Millennial Women

Millennial Women is a 1978 book containing several science fiction stories. All the stories are written by women and have a female character as the main character. Virginia Kidd edited the book. Themes in the stories are: feelings about what is alien or other, uses of language, careers, Family relationships, sexual politics, how society creates gender, political freedom and equality.
Contents
"Prayer for My Daughter" by Marilyn Hacker (prefatory poem)
"Introduction" by Virginia Kidd
"No One Said Forever" by Cynthia Felice (short story)
"The Song of N'Sardi-El" by Diana L. Paxson (short story)
"Jubilee's Story" by Elizabeth A. Lynn (short story)
"Mab Gallen Recalled" by Cherry Wilder (short story)
"Phoenix in the Ashes" by Joan D. Vinge (novelette)
"The Eye of the Heron" by Ursula K. Le Guin (novella)
Biographical Notes (not in all editions).
Awards and nominations
1979, Locus Award, Best SF Anthology category, 12th place.
Publication history
1978, Millennial Women, edited by Virginia Kidd, U.S., Delacorte Press (Dell Publishing), , , pp. 305, 1978, hardcover
1979, Millennial Women, edited by Virginia Kidd, U.S., Dell Publishing, , , April 1979, softcover
1980, The Eye of the Heron and Other Stories, edited by Virginia Kidd, UK, Panther Books (Granada Publishing), , pp. 251, 5 June 1980, softcover
Footnotes
Other websites
Short story collections
1978 books
Nitrous acid

Nitrous acid is a chemical compound. It is a weak acid. Its chemical formula is HNO2. It is unstable. It is made by reacting a strong acid with sodium nitrite. It is a light blue solution. It breaks down to make nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and water when it is concentrated. Nitrogen dioxide can be reacted with water to make a mixture of nitrous acid and nitric acid. It is used to make chemicals.
Related pages
Ammonia
Nitrous oxide
Acids
Nitrogen compounds
Teenage Dream

Teenage Dream is the third studio album by American pop singer Katy Perry. The album was released in the United States on August 24, 2010, and went straight to number one on the Billboard 200, selling 192,000 copies in its first week. There have been six singles released from Teenage Dream and two from its re-release, all of which have achieved massive chart success. The album was nominated for Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album at the 2010 Grammy Awards. "Teenage Dream" was nominated for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. "California Gurls" was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. In 2012 "Firework" was nominated for Record of the Year and Best Solo Pop Performance.
Track listing
References
2010 albums
Katy Perry albums
Woodbury, Tennessee

Woodbury is a town in Tennessee in the United States. It is the county seat of Cannon County.
Towns in Tennessee
County seats in Tennessee
Control system

Control system is a device or system that gives commands to manage the behavior of other devices or systems. The commands can be set or programmed, and the output is determined by the input. A control system is represented by a logic diagram.
Classes
Open loop control system-without feedback
Closed loop control system-with feedback
Control engineering
Michelle Bolsonaro

Michelle de Paula Firmo Reinaldo Bolsonaro (born 22 March 1982) is a Brazilian socialite. She was the First Lady of Brazil from 2019 to 2022. She is the third wife of the 38th President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro.
References
1982 births
Living people
First Ladies of Brazil
Anna Cathcart

Anna Cathcart (born June 16, 2003) is a Canadian child actress. She played Olympia in Odd Squad, Dizzy in the Disney Channel original movies Descendants 2 and 3, Kitty in the Netflix original movie To All the Boys I've Loved Before and Zoe in Zoe Valentine.
Early life
Cathcart was born in Richmond, Canada on June 16, 2003, and raised in Vancouver, Canada. She has an older sister called Sara Cathcart. Cathcart currently goes to school.
Filmography
Television, Movie and Web roles
References
Other websites
Living people
2003 births
Actors from British Columbia
Canadian child actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
People from British Columbia
2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup

2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup was held in Canada from 30 June to 22 July.
Venues
Qualification
Twenty-three teams qualified for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. As the host team, Canada received an automatic bid, bringing the total number of teams to twenty-four for the tournament. The final draw for the group stages took place on 3 March 2007 in Liberty Grand Entertainment Complex, Toronto.
1.Teams that made their debut.
Results
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Knockout stage
Final ranking
References
FIFA U-20 World Cup
2007 in association football
2007 in Canada
Soccer in Canada
June 2007 events
July 2007 events
Kill screen

A kill screen is a screen that prevents progress from the player. The screens in some games stop the game with gibberish or otherwise impossible figures. In Pac-Man, at a certain level the screen overflows and spreads fruits and ghosts across the arcade machine's screen.
Games with kill screens
Pac-Man
Donkey Kong
Contra
Dig Dug
These are games that have integer overflow.
References
Video game technology
Deregulation

Deregulation is the process of removing or lowering state regulations, usually for economic purposes. It is the reversing of governmental regulation of the economy. It became widely used in industrial economies in the 1970s and 1980s, as a result of new forms in economic thinking.
Economic regulations were promoted during the Gilded Age, in which progressive reforms were seen as important to make sure companies do not abuse labor laws.
References
Economic policy
Libertyville, Illinois

Libertyville is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburb of Chicago. It is located west of Lake Michigan on the Des Plaines River. The 2014 census population was 20,512. It is located southwest of Waukegan and west of Lake Forest.
References
Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago
2011 Myanmar earthquake

The 2011 Myanmar earthquake was a 6.8 magnitude earthquake on March 24 in Shan State, Myanmar. Its hypocenter was deep. It had two aftershocks, one of magnitude 4.8, another at magnitude 5.4. The quake's epicenter was from the northern Thai city of Chiang Rai, north of Mae Sai and southeast of Kentung.
Casualties
The Bangkok Post reported on 27 March 2011, that the death toll was "over 150", which is double the official figure of 75.
References
2011 earthquakes
2011 in Asia
21st century in Myanmar
2010s earthquakes in Asia
March 2011 events
Disasters in Myanmar
Senate of Nigeria

The Senate is the upper chamber of Nigeria's bicameral legislature, the National Assembly of Nigeria. The National Assembly (popularly referred to as NASS) is the nation's highest legislature, whose power is to make laws. It is made up of 109 senators.
The President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Senate, whose chief function is to guide and regulate the proceedings in the Senate. The Senate President is third in the Nigerian presidential line of succession.
References
Government of Nigeria
Organizations based in Nigeria
Lewistown, Missouri

Lewistown is a city in Lewis County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Wildflecken

Wildflecken is a municipality in the Bad Kissingen district, at the border of northwestern Bavaria and southern Hesse. In 2005, its population was 3,285; the postal code is 97772 (US Forces used APO NY 09026). Wildflecken is in the picturesque Rhon mountains.
References
Other websites
The History of Camp Wildflecken
A history of the Displaced-Persons camp in Wildflecken
Wildflecken Veterans Association website
54th Engineer Battalion
Bad Kissingen (district)
Declan Galbraith

Declan John Galbraith (born 19 December 1991, Hoo St Werburgh, Kent) is an English singer. He is best known for his 2002 hit single, "Tell Me Why". Some of his other songs include "An Angel" and "Ego You".
Discography
Albums
Declan (2002)
Thank You (2006)
You and Me (2007)
Singles
"Tell Me Why" (2002)
"Love of My Life" (2007)
"Ego You" (2007)
Covers
"Tears in Heaven" (2006)
"Love of My Life" (2007)
1991 births
Living people
English singers
National emblem of Turkey

The Republic of Turkey has no official national emblem, but the star and crescent.
Turkey
National symbols of Turkey
Alaaeldin Abouelkassem

Alaaeldin Mohamed El-Sayed Abouelkassem (; born 25 November 1990) is an Egyptian fencer who won a silver medal in the men's foil event at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He took up fencing at the age of eight and, in 2008, began fencing globally, winning medals at the African and World Junior Championships, as well as the Junior World Cup, before advancing to the senior level in 2011 and winning bronze at the Fleuret de St-Petersbourg. Later that year he earned gold medals at the 2011 Pan Arab Games in the individual and team foil events before going to the 2012 Summer Games, where he won Egypt's and Africa's first ever Olympic fencing medal.
1990 births
Living people
Egyptian Olympic medalists
Fencers
Olympic silver medalists
Competitors at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Competitors at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
People from Alexandria
Twinkle Khanna

Twinkle Khanna (born Tina Jatin Khanna; born on 29 December 1973) is an Indian author, newspaper columnist, interior designer, producer and actress. Her first book, MrsFunnybones came out in 2015. She was India's highest-selling woman writer that year. Her second book, The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad was made into a movie called Pad Man.
Her parents are actors Rajesh Khanna and Dimple Kapadia. In 2001, she married actor Akshay Kumar. They have two children.
References
1973 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Indian movie producers
Indian journalists
Indian novelists
People from Bombay
Columnists
Mänttä-Vilppula

Manta-Vilppula is a town and a municipality located in Finland. It was formed in 2009, when two municipalities, Mantta and Vilppula, joined together. It is in the Pirkanmaa region.
The town has a population of 9,978 (31 January 2019). It covers an area of 657.08 square kilometers.
Next to it are the municipalities of Keuruu, Juupajoki, Jamsa, Ruovesi and Virrat.
Famous people from Mantta-Vilppula
Eero Rahola
Lydia Wideman
Veikko Ennala
Marjatta Moulin
Keijo Liinamaa
Risto Siltanen
Laura Huhtasaari
Pekka Koskela
References
Other websites
Town of Mantta-Vilppula - Official website
2000s establishments in Finland
2009 establishments in Europe
Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Pirkanmaa
Spratly Islands

The Spratly Islands are 100 small uninhabited islands in the South China Sea. Fish are an abundant resource around the islands, and as the countries of Brunei Darussalam, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam have a commercial interest in them.. These countries share control of the islands but have varying claims of territory.
The islands are named after the British whaling captain Richard Spratly who saw Spratly Island in 1843.
The islands have less than 2 km2 (490 acres) of land area.
References
Islands of Asia
Territorial disputes
Bhasania Union

Bhasania union council of Homna Upazila in Cumilla District of Bangladesh.
History
Bhasania Union was established in 1960 before its name was No. 10 Bhasania Union Parishad. Later renamed as 7 No Bhasania Union Parishad in 2005.
Location and boundaries
Bhasania Union is located in the southeast of Homna Upazila. To the west of this union is Jaipur Union, to the north-west is Gharmora Union, to the north is Achadpur Union, to the north-east is Chanderchar Union and Ramchandrapur South Union of Muradnagar Upazila, to the east is Muradnagar Sadar Union of Muradnagar Upazila and to the south is Kalakandi Union of Titas Upazila.
Administrative structure
Union Parishad No. 7 under the jurisdiction of Bhasania Union Homna Upazila. The administrative activities of this union are under the purview of Homna police station. It is part of Constituency No. 250 Comilla-2 of Jatiya Sangsad.
educational institution
Fazil Madrasa - 1.
Government Primary Schools -7
Low Cost Primary Schools - 2
communication system
The distance of Union Parishad from Homna Upazila headquarters is 7.17 km. One can reach Kashipur Bazar in Bhasania Union by rickshaw or CNG from Homna Upazila Health Complex.
Related pages
Homna Upazila
Homna Police Station
Comilla District
References
Homna Upazila Union
Morano sul Po

Morano sul Po is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.
References
Settlements in Piedmont
Steering wheel (ship)

The wheel of a ship is the modern method of changing the angle of the rudder to change the direction of the boat or ship. It is also called the galver, together with the rest of the steering mechanism.
The wheel is typically connected to a mechanical or hydraulic system.
The idea of tractors, automobiles, and similar land vehicles having a steering wheel probably evolved directly from the ship's wheel.
Gallery
Ship building
Romeo Benetti

Romeo Benetti (born 20 October 1945) is an Italian former footballer. He played for the Italian national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1963-64||Bolzano||Serie D||32||10
|-
|1964-65||Siena||Serie C||31||7
|-
|1965-66||rowspan="2"|Taranto||rowspan="2"|Serie C||30||7
|-
|1966-67||33||4
|-
|1967-68||Palermo||Serie B||35||2
|-
|1968-69||Juventus||Serie A||24||1
|-
|1969-70||Sampdoria||Serie A||27||2
|-
|1970-71||rowspan="6"|Milan||rowspan="6"|Serie A||28||6
|-
|1971-72||29||4
|-
|1972-73||29||7
|-
|1973-74||26||5
|-
|1974-75||28||5
|-
|1975-76||30||5
|-
|1976-77||rowspan="3"|Juventus||rowspan="3"|Serie A||30||4
|-
|1977-78||27||5
|-
|1978-79||26||3
|-
|1979-80||rowspan="2"|Roma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||25||1
|-
|1980-81||2||0
491||78
491||78
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1971||3||0
|-
|1972||4||0
|-
|1973||6||0
|-
|1974||6||0
|-
|1975||5||0
|-
|1976||8||0
|-
|1977||6||1
|-
|1978||12||1
|-
|1979||1||0
|-
|1980||4||0
|-
!Total||55||2
|}
Honours
Club
Palermo
Serie B: 1967-68
Milan
Coppa Italia: 1971-72, 1972-73
UEFA Cup Winners Cup: 1972-73
Juventus
Serie A: 1976-77, 1977-78
UEFA Cup: 1976-77
Coppa Italia: 1978-79
Roma
Coppa Italia: 1979-80, 1980-81
International
Italy
FIFA World Cup: 1978 (Fourth place)
UEFA European Championship: 1980 (Fourth place)
References
1945 births
Living people
1974 FIFA World Cup players
1978 FIFA World Cup players
Italian footballers
People from Verona
Sportspeople from Veneto
Podari

Podari is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania.
References
Podari
Bengt Holmström

Bengt Robert Holmstrom (born 18 April 1949) is a Finnish economist. He is the Paul A. Samuelson Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
With Oliver Hart, he received the Central Bank of Sweden Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2016.
References
1949 births
Living people
Economists
Finnish Nobel Prize winners
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Scientists from Helsinki
Stanford University alumni
Yale University faculty
Tordouet

Tordouet is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valorbiquet.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Annandale, Virginia

Annandale () is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia. The population of the CDP was 43,363 as of the 2020 United States Census.
References
Census-designated places in Virginia
Euoplocephalus

Euplocephalus (meaning "well-armored head") was a large armored dinosaur, measuring about 20 feet (6 m) long; it weighed about 2 tons. Its wide head had a horny, toothless beak, small, peg-like cheek teeth, bony horns, and a small brain. Among its contemporaries were the large meat-eating Tyrannosaurus and Deinonychus.
Fossils from more than 40 individuals have been discovered in Alberta, Canada and Montana in the United States, making Euoplocephalus the best known ankylosaurid. This includes 15 skulls, teeth, and a few almost-complete skeletons, found with the armor still attached. Individual armor plates are the most commonly found element from them.
References
Ankylosauria
Altaic languages

Altaic is a language system that includes the Turkic languages, Mongolic, and the Tungusic languages. That is probably the meaning attributed to "Altaic" by most general linguists.
It has disputed language families, but only a few linguists still believe that it existed. It supposedly had 66 languages that are now spoken by about 348 million people, mostly in and around Central Asia and northeast Asia.
However, since the publication of Gustaf John Ramstedt's Einfuhrung in 1952-1957, most Altaicists have included Korean in Altaic. Since the publication of Roy Andrew Miller's Japanese and the Other Altaic Languages in 1971, some also included Japanese (Nicholas Poppe) or Japonic, consisting of Japanese and Ryukyuan.
A few linguists (such as (Street 1962)) even count Ainu with the Altaic languages but as part of a node including Korean and Japanese, in contrast to a Turkic-Mongolic-Tungusic node, with Korean-Japanese-Ainu and Turkic-Mongolic-Tungusic, in turn, forming a higher-level node.
The core version of Altaic, consisting of Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic, is sometimes referred to as "Micro-Altaic," and the expanded version, including Korean and sometimes Japanese, is referred to as "Macro-Altaic," but even the core version is very controversial.
References
Other websites
Altaic family tree Ethnologue
Altaic languages MSN Encarta
Monumenta altaica Altaic linguistics website
Altaic etymology section in StarLing databases
Defense of Altaic by Alexis Manaster Ramer (1994)
Languages
Hélio Bicudo

Helio Pereira Bicudo (5 July 1922 - 31 July 2018) was a Brazilian jurist and politician. Helio was Vice Mayor of Sao Paulo from 2001 to 2004, during the administration of Marta Suplicy.
In 1986, Bicudo was candidate to the Senate by the PT, placing 3rd, after the elected Mario Covas and Fernando Henrique Cardoso, both from the PMDB.
In 2015, he filed in the Chamber of Deputies an impeachment request against president Dilma Rousseff.
Bicudo died on 31 July 2018 in Sao Paulo from a stroke, aged 96.
References
1922 births
2018 deaths
Judges
Deaths from stroke
Brazilian politicians
South Australian House of Assembly

The South Australian House of Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of South Australia.
Notes
References
Parliament of South Australia
South Australia
1857 establishments in Australia