pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jor-El

Jor-El was a fictional Superman character who was the father of Superman who died in the planet of Krypton when it was destroyed. He knew his planet would be destroyed but when he told his leaders, they did not listen try or stop the destruction since they did not believe it was true. So he built a rocket and sent superman to earth so superman would not die when the planet was destroyed. Years later an artificial intelligence that Jor-el created helped his son to learn the true power he holds and helps him become Superman. He was married to Lara Lor-Van.
He was played by Marlon Brando in Superman and by Russell Crowe in Man of Steel.
Other websites
Jor-El at Smallville Wiki
Jor-El (Kryptonian) at Smallville Wiki
Kryptonians
Superman
de:Superman#Herkunftsgeschichte
sv:Lista over figurer i Stalmannens universum#Jor-El
Greenfield, Minnesota

Greenfield is a city in northwestern Hennepin County, Minnesota. It has a population of 2,777 residents, according to the 2010 census, and is located 26.5 miles northwest of Minneapolis.
References
Cities in Minnesota
Charlie Brotman

Charles J. "Charlie" Brotman (born December 30, 1927) is an American public relations specialist and public address announcer. He is known for his presentation of U.S. presidential inaugural parades of 11 presidents from Dwight D. Eisenhower to Barack Obama.
Career
Brotman has been behind the microphone for every inaugural parade in Washington, DC, since 1957, when Dwight D. Eisenhower was sworn in for his second term. Barack Obama's second inauguration in 2013 was the 15th consecutive ceremony that Brotman has announced, and his 16th overall.
In 2017, President-Elect Donald Trump's Presidential Inauguration Committee said that Brotman will not broadcast his inauguration, ending his broadcasting streak.
References
1927 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Washington, D.C.
Patna Junction railway station

Patna Junction, station code PNBE, is a major railway station in the capital city of Patna in the Indian state of Bihar. Located in heart of the city, it is the main railway station serving Patna. It falls under the Danapur division of the East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Patna Junction is one of the busiest railway stations of the country.
The Patna Junction railway station is connected to most of the major cities in India by the railway network.
Patna lies in between New Delhi and Kolkata which is one of the busiest rail routes in India. Patna has trains running frequently to Delhi and Kolkata. The city is a major railway hub and has six major stations: Patna Junction, Rajendranagar Terminal, Gulzarbagh Station, Danapur railway station, Patliputra Junction and Patna Sahib Station. Patna is well connected with Gaya, Jehanabad Biharsharif, Rajgir, Islampur through daily passenger and express train services.
References
Railway stations in Asia
Troup County, Georgia

Troup County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of 2020, 69,426 people lived there. The county seat is LaGrange.
History
The land that makes up Troup County as well as other (Lee, Muscogee, Coweta and Carroll) was taken from the Creek people in 1825. This was done through a treaty called the Treaty of Indian Springs. The counties' area were created by the Georgia General Assembly on June 9, 1826. They were not named until December 14, 1826.
The county is named for George Troup. Troup was the thirty-fourth governor of Georgia, a member of the United States House of Representatives, and a U.S. senator.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 446 square miles (1,155 km2). Of this area, 414 square miles (1,072 km2) is land and 32 square miles (83 km2) of it (7.19%) is water.
Major highways
Interstate 85
Interstate 185
U.S. Highway 27
U.S. Highway 29
Georgia State Route 14
Georgia State Route 18
Georgia State Route 54
Adjacent counties
Coweta County (northeast)
Meriwether County (east)
Harris County (south)
Chambers County, Alabama (southwest)
Randolph County, Alabama (northwest)
Heard County (north-northwest)
Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 58,779 people, 21,920 households, and 15,607 families residing in the county. The population density was 142 people per square mile (55/km2). There were 23,824 housing units at an average density of 58 per square mile (22/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 65.80% White, 31.87% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.75% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. 1.71% of the people were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 21,920 households. Of these, 34.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.10% were married couples living together, 17.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.80% were non-families. 24.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the county the people were spread out with 27.90% under the age of 18, 9.20% from 18 to 24, 28.40% from 25 to 44, 21.90% from 45 to 64, and 12.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 91.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $35,469, and the median income for a family was $41,891. Males had a median income of $31,863 versus $22,393 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,626. About 12.20% of families and 14.80% of the people were below the poverty line, including 20.70% of those under age 18 and 14.00% of those age 65 or over.
Cities and towns
Hogansville
LaGrange
West Point
Mountville, Georgia (Unincorporated)
Harrisonville, Georgia (Unincorporated)
References
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
1826 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Moss Cass

Moses Henry Cass (18 February 1927 - 26 February 2022) was an Australian doctor and politician. He was Minister for Environment and Conservation (1972-1975), the Environment (1975), and the Media (1975) during the Gough Whitlam government.
He represented the Division of Maribyrnong in the House of Representatives from 1969 to 1983.
Cass died on 26 February 2022 at the age of 95.
References
1927 births
2022 deaths
Australian Labor Party politicians
Politicians from Western Australia
Politicians from Melbourne
John Olver

John Walter Olver (born September 3, 1936) is an American politician. He was the U.S. representative for Massachusetts's 1st congressional district from 1991 to 2013. Olver grew up on a farm in Pennsylvania. He graduated from college at the age of 18. After college, Olver earned a Ph.D. in chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He taught chemistry at the University of Massachusetts Amherst for eight years.
He served in both chambers of the Massachusetts General Court. He was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1968 and the Massachusetts Senate in 1972. Olver announced that he would not seek re-election in 2012. He retired at the end of his eleventh term in Congress.
1936 births
living people
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Massachusetts
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Lou Ferrigno

Louis Jude "Lou" Ferrigno (born November 9, 1951) is an American movie, television, voice actor, and bodybuilder. He is known for playing the Hulk in the television series The Incredible Hulk.
Ferrigno was born on November 9, 1951 in Brooklyn, New York. He was married to Susan Groff from 1978 until they divorced in 1979. In 1980, he married Carla Ferrigno.
References
Other websites
Official website
1951 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American bodybuilders
Actors from New York City
Bunichiro Abe

is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2004||Shimizu S-Pulse||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||1||0||4||0
|-
|2005||Sagan Tosu||J. League 2||11||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
14||0||0||0||1||0||15||0
14||0||0||0||1||0||15||0
|}
References
1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Association football forwards
J1 League players
J2 League players
Sagan Tosu players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
Charlie Callas

Charles Callas (December 20, 1927 January 27, 2011) was an American actor and comedian. He worked with Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, Mel Brooks, Dom DeLuise, Jerry Lewis, Milton Berle, and Don Rickles.
Early life and career
Callas was born on December 20, 1927 in Brooklyn, New York. He served in the United States Army during World War II. After the war, Callas began his career in 1950. He appeared in over 100 television programs and 50 movies.
Influences and influenced
Callas had only two influences, Groucho Marx and Charlie Chaplin. Callas influenced Larry the Cable Guy and many other comedians.
Personal life
Callas was married to Evelyn Callas until her death in 2010. Callas had two sons, Mark Callas and Larry Callas.
Death
Callas died on January 27, 2011 from natural causes in his Las Vegas, Nevada home. He was 83 years old. Callas is survived by his 2 sons. His remains were cremated.
Filmography
The Big Mouth (1967)
Switch (TV) (1975 1977)
Silent Movie (1976)
Pete's Dragon (voice) (1977)
High Anxiety (1977)
The Carpenters...Space Encounters (1978)
Legends of the Superheroes (1979)
History of the World: Part 1 (1981)
Rooster (1982)
Hysterical (1983)
The Dom DeLuise Show (TV) (1987)
Amazon Women on the Moon (1987)
Silk Stalkings (TV) (1993)
Dracula: Dead and Loving It (1995)
Horrorween (2010)
References
Other websites
1927 births
2011 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
AFC North

The AFC North is a division in the AFC conference of the National Football League. Teams in the division are the Pittsburgh Steelers, Baltimore Ravens, Cincinnati Bengals, and the Cleveland Browns. Pittsburgh has won the Super Bowl six times, the most of any team in the league. Baltimore has won it twice. Cincinnati and Cleveland have never been Super Bowl champions.
National Football League
Brij Bhushan Kabra

Brij Bhushan Kabra (1937 - 12 April 2018) was an Indian musician. He popularized the guitar as an instrument in Indian classical music. He was born in Jodhpur, British Raj.
Kabra became the first Indian musician to play raga on the guitar, performed publicly, and recorded the successful album Call of the Valley (1967) with bansuri player Hariprasad Chaurasia and santoor player Shivkumar Sharma in 1960.
Kabra died on 12 April 2018 in Ahmedabad, India of multiple organ failure at age 81.
References
Other websites
1937 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Indian musicians
Guitarists
Now That's What I Call Music! 29 (U.S. series)

Now That's What I Call Music! 29 is the 29th album in the original Now series. This compilation album was released in November 2008. Songs include "Thunder" by Boys Like Girls, "Whatever You Like" by T.I., "Got Money" by Lil Wayne, and "Dangerous" by Kardinal Offishall and Akon and 16 other tracks.
Tracks
P!nk - "So What"
E.G. Daily - "Changing Faces"
Pussycat Dolls - "When I Grow Up"
Sarah Robertson - "Exhausted"
Ne-Yo - "Closer"
Chris Brown - "Forever"
Kardinal Offishall featuring Akon - "Dangerous"
T.I. - "Whatever You Like"
Lil Wayne featuring T-Pain - "Got Money"
Savage featuring Soulja Boy Tell 'Em - "Swing"
Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West - "Put On"
Yung Berg featuring Casha - "The Business"
Jordin Sparks - "One Step at a Time"
Leona Lewis - "Better In Time"
Boys Like Girls - "Thunder"
Saving Abel - "Addicted"
Daughtry - "What About Now"
Matt Nathanson - "Come On Get Higher"
Darius Rucker - "Don't Think I Don't Think About It"
Keith Anderson - "I Still Miss You"
Christina Aguilera - "Reflection"
Rihanna - "Disturbia"
Katy Perry - "Hot 'n' Cold"
Related pages
Now That's What I Call Music! (U.S. Series)
2009 albums
Compilation albums
Dreamtime

In Australian Aboriginal culture, life is based on a foundation of beliefs which are called the Dreamtime, or The Dreaming. This is a complex set of ideas with deep levels of meanings. The Dreamtime has four parts: The beginning of everything; the life and power of the ancestors; the way of life and death; and power in life. Dreamtime was all four of these things at the same time because it is more powerful than time and space. In it all things exist at once. The Aboriginal peoples call Dreamtime the all-at-once time because they think it is the past, present, and future at the same time. It is a beginning that has no end.
They meet The Dreamtime by doing special dances and singing special songs. Aboriginals believe that people have a part of them that will live forever. This part existed before a person was born and will exist after they die. It exists in The Dreamtime.
All Australian Aboriginals believe in the Dreamtime. Each group and each person has their own stories and traditions. In Central Australia, the Pitjantjatjara call it the Tjukurpa. The Tjukurpa provides the answers for questions about life. It also gives the rules for behaviour and how to live together. It explains the complex relationship between the people, animals, plants and the land. It teaches the how and why the land is to be looked after. It provided the information about what could be eaten, the rules of marriage, of growing up and the rituals of death. Some parts of the Dreamtime are only known to those who have inherited the right to the knowledge.
Dreamtime is often used to describe the time before time, or the time of the creation. Most Aboriginals believe that all life is connected to the great spirit ancestors of the Dreamtime. Every hill, water hole, river, the sky, every feature was created in the Dreamtime. The journeys of the ancestors across the country created the landscape, and populated it with plants and animals. These journeys are often told in cycles of stories, songs and dances, known as iwara, or songlines. These great spirit ancestors have not gone, they are still present, even if they can not be seen. The ceremonies of songs and dance keep the people in contact with the spirits. "Without ceremony the land soon dies..."
References
Australian mythology
Indigenous Australian culture
Creation myths
A-sharp minor

A-sharp minor or A minor is a minor scale based on A-sharp. Its key signature has seven sharps.
Its relative major is C-sharp major. Its parallel major is A-sharp major. This is usually replaced by B-flat major, because A-sharp major's three double sharps in the key signature makes it generally impractical. Exceptions include Chopin's Polonaise-Fantaisie in A-flat major, Op. 61, which has a short passage of about 6 bars actually written in A-sharp major, putting in the necessary double-sharps as accidentals. This is part of a theme in B major, which modulates to A-sharp major for a little while.
A-sharp minor has the enharmonic equivalent of B-flat minor. This is often used in most musical compositions instead of A-sharp minor, because A-sharp minor is not a useful key for compositions and is one of the least used minor keys in music. However, there were some composers in the past that have composed music in this key. Christian Heinrich Rinck wrote his Prelude No. 16 from Op. 15 in A-sharp minor.
Other websites
Overview of Compositions with 7 Accidentals
Scales and keys
Musical keys
Minor scales
Eerste Divisie

The Eerste Divisie (English: First Division) is an association football league in the Netherlands. It is the second-highest league in the country. When a team wins the league, they get promoted to the Eredivisie. Until 2015, when a team did bad in the league, they would get sent to the Topklasse. Recently, the team would get sent to the Tweede Klasse instead. The league has been around since 1956.
Results
Other websites
Official website
Football in the Netherlands
1956 establishments in the Netherlands
Netherlands national football team

Netherlands national football team is the national football team of Netherlands.
Most appearances
Top scorers
References
Notes
European national football teams
Football in the Netherlands
National sports teams of the Netherlands
The Challenge (2023 movie)

The Challenge () or Doctor's House Call is a 2023 Russian space docudrama movie by Klim Shipenko. The movie is the first time a professional actor has been filmed in space by a professional director, as other films before were filmed and acted in by astronauts/cosmonauts/space tourists (space tourists that were amateur both in film-making and as astronauts) or used footage from automated equipment. Apogee of Fear was written by a professional scriptwriter, and with some graphics assets done by a professional, but had no other filming professionals involved.}} and was theatrically released in Russia on 12 April 2023 by Central Partnership.
Plot
Cosmonaut Ivanov loses consciousness while the spacecraft is in flight. Doctors decide that it will be necessary to perform heart surgery right in zero gravity. Cardiac surgeon Zhenya, who does not have time to raise her three year old daughter, is preparing for the flight.
Cast
Yulia Peresild as Evgenia 'Zhenya', a heart surgeon, and female cosmonaut
Vladimir Mashkov as a cardiac surgeon
Milos Bikovic as Vladislav Nikolaev
Klim Shipenko as a cosmonaut
Alyona Mordovina as a woman cosmonaut
Tatyana Dogileva
Sergey Burunov
Polina Agureeva
Oleg Novitsky as Ivanov (the sick astronaut)
Aleksandr Baluev
Igor Gordin
Alexey Barabash
Cameos
Anton Shkaplerov
Pyotr Dubrov
Mark T. Vande Hei
References
Other websites
2023 movies
Movies about astronauts
Movies set in the 2020s
Russian drama movies
Russian-language movies
Saffarid dynasty

The Saffarids or the Saffarid dynasty () was a Persian Sunni Islamic empire. They ruled in Sistan from 861-1002. Sistan was a historical region in southeastern Iran, southwestern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. Their capital was Zaranj, located in present-day Afghanistan.
References
History of Iran
History of Afghanistan
History of Tajikistan
History of Islam
Royal dynasties
9th-century establishments in Asia
867 establishments
1002 disestablishments
Hotonnes

Hotonnes is a former commune in the Ain department in eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Haut-Valromey.
Related pages
Communes of the Ain department
References
Former communes in Ain
2016 disestablishments in France
Frank E. Sagendorph, 2nd

Frank Elijah Sagendorph, 2nd (March 28, 1883 - May 5, 1972) was a leading Philadelphia industrialist and president of the Penn Metal Corporation of Pennsylvania, also known as Penco, which was headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Life and career
Frank Elijah Sagendorph, 2d, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was six years old in 1889 when his family moved to Philadelphia. He was the second son of L. Lewis Sagendorph and Catherine Crainor. He was a Republican in politics, and was a member of the vestry of the Protestant Episcopal Church of St. John the Evangelist in Lansdowne, Pennsylvania.
Personal life
Frank E. Sagendorph, 2d, married Elizabeth Hagy on October 3, 1905 at Lansdowne, Pennsylvania. They had three children, William L Sagendorph, Frank E. Sagendorph 3rd, and Suzanne Sagendorph Welsh.
Death
Frank E. Sagendorph, 2nd died May 5, 1972 and was buried at Arlington Cemetery in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania.
References
Other websites
Penco Products
American inventors
1883 births
1972 deaths
Businesspeople from Cincinnati
Zumbl

Zumbl was an online chat service. Users could chat with strangers without giving their name. The service does not work any more.
References
Websites
Pisanosaurus

Pisanosaurus (meaning "Pisano lizard") is a genus of primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of what is now South America. It was a bipedal herbivore described by Argentine paleontologist Rodolfo Casamiquela in 1967. Only one species the type, Pisanosaurus mertii, is known, based on a single partial skeleton.
It is the oldest known ornithischian.
Ornithischia
David Tomlinson

David Cecil MacAlister Tomlinson (7 May 1917 - 24 June 2000) was an English actor and comedian. He was known for playing George Banks in Mary Poppins, Professor Emelius Browne in Bedknobs and Broomsticks and Peter Thorndyke in The Love Bug. Tomlinson was born in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire.
Timlinson died on 24 June 2000 from a stroke in London, aged 83.
References
1917 births
2000 deaths
Deaths from stroke
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English radio actors
English voice actors
Comedians from Kent
Actors from Kent
Actors from Oxfordshire
Betty Currie

Betty Grace Currie (nee Williams; born November 10, 1939) is an American government official. She was the personal secretary for Bill Clinton when he was President of the United States. She became an important person in the Lewinsky scandal because she was accused of handling the gifts given to Monica Lewinsky by President Clinton.
Currie was born in Edwards, Mississippi and moved to Waukegan, Illinois.
References
1939 births
Living people
Politicians from Mississippi
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Illinois
People from Waukegan, Illinois
Jean Vanier

Jean Vanier (September 10, 1928 - May 7, 2019) was a Canadian Catholic philosopher, theologian and humanitarian. He was the son of the 19th Governor General of Canada, Georges Vanier, and Pauline Vanier. He is best known as the founder of L'Arche. He founded the international organisation in 1964. L'Arche's purpose is to help people with intellectual disabilities. It now has communities in over 30 countries. In 1971, he co-founded a similar organisation Faith and Light. For his work, Vanier was awarded the Companion of the Order of Canada (1986), Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec (1992), Legion of Honour (2003) and other honours.
Vanier was born in Geneva. His father was working as a diplomat in Switzerland at the time of his birth. Vanier died in Paris on May 7, 2019, at the age of 90. The cause of his death was thyroid cancer.
References
Other websites
L'Arche International
1928 births
2019 deaths
Canadian academics
Canadian activists
Canadian writers
Humanitarians
Legion of Honour
Order of Canada
People from Geneva
Canadian philosophers
Canadian Roman Catholics
Christian theologians
Disability activists
National Anthem of Peru

The National Anthem of Peru is one of the national symbols of Peru, whose lyrics belong to Jose de la Torre Ugarte and the music to Jose Bernardo Alzedo. It was adopted in 1821 with the title of National March of Peru.
Lyrics
Short version
National anthems
National symbols of Peru
Ramnath Thakur

Ram Nath Thakur, (born March 3, 1950 birth place- Karpoori Gram, District Samastipur (Bihar)) is a politician from Janata Dal (United) party. He is a Member of the Parliament of India representing Bihar in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament.
He was elected in for the term April 2014-April-2020.
References
1950 births
Living people
Bihari politicians
Anthony Fauci

Anthony Stephen Fauci (; born December 24, 1940) is an American immunologist. He works for the National Institutes of Health of the United States. He is the head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He became well known in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States for his information about preventing the spread of disease.
He has been called "the nation's leading expert on infectious diseases". He is a member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force on the 2020 coronavirus pandemic.
On December 4, 2020, newly elected President Joe Biden announced that Fauci would serve as Chief Medical Advisor to the President in the Biden administration.
In August 2022, Fauci announced his retirement from government service which will happen sometime in December.
Anthony Fauci has been a principal editor of the medical textbook Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine for many years.
References
1940 births
Living people
American physicians
COVID-19 pandemic
Scientists from New York City
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
Port Huron, Michigan

Port Huron is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of St. Clair County. The population was 30,184 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Michigan
County seats in Michigan
Tierra de reyes

Tierra de reyes is an American telenovela. It is produced by Telemundo.
Cast
Aaron Diaz as Arturo "Rey" Gallardo
Ana Lorena Sanchez as Sofia del Junco
Kimberly Dos Ramos as Irina del Junco
Gonzalo Garcia Vivanco as Flavio "Rey" Gallardo
Scarlet Gruber as Andrea del Junco
Christian de la Campa as Samuel "Rey" Gallardo
Sonya Smith as Cayetana Belmonte del Junco
Fabian Rios as Leonardo Montalvo
Daniela Navarro as Patricia Rubio
References
Other websites
2014 American television series debuts
American telenovelas
Wavelet transform

The wavelet transform is a time-frequency representation of a signal. For example, we use it for noise reduction, feature extraction or signal compression.
Wavelet transform of continuous signal is defined as
,
where
is so called mother wavelet,
denotes wavelet dilation,
denotes time shift of wavelet and
symbol denotes complex conjugate.
In case of and , where , and and are integer constants, the wavelet transform is called discrete wavelet transform (of continuous signal).
In case of and , where , the discrete wavelet transform is called dyadic. It is defined as
,
where
is frequency scale,
is time scale and
is constant which depends on mother wavelet.
It is possible to rewrite dyadic discrete wavelet transform as
,
where is impulse characteristic of continuous filter which is identical to for given .
Analogously, dyadic wavelet transform with discrete time (of discrete signal) is defined as
.
Calculus
Harmonic analysis
Digital signal processing
Renault Laguna

The Renault Laguna is a car produced by Renault in three generations from 1994 to 2015.
First generation (1994-2001)
The first Laguna arrived in early 1994 to replace the 21, it came as a hatchback at first and then it was joined by an estate/wagon version in late 1995. It got a facelift in 1998.
Engines
Petrol engines
1.6 16V 79 kW (107 hp)
1.8 69 kW (94 hp)
1.8 16V 88 kW (120 hp)
2.0 84 kW (114 hp)
2.0 16V 102 kW (139 hp)
2.0 S 103 kW (140 hp)
3.0 V6 123 kW (167 hp) and 140 kW (190 hp)
Diesel engines
1.9 dTi 72 kW (98 hp)
1.9 dCi 79 kW (107 hp)
2.2 D 63 kW (86 hp)
2.2 dT 83 kW (113 hp)
Second generation (2000-2007)
The second Laguna arrived at the end of 2000 and again, hatchback and estate/wagon bodystyles were offered. In 2001, it became the first car to receive 5 stars in the Euro NCAP crash testing, making it one the safest models at the time. It received a facelift in March 2005.
Engines
Petrol engines
1.6 16V 79 kW (107 hp) and 82 kW (112 hp)
1.8 16V 88 kW (120 hp)
2.0 16V 99 kW (135 hp)
2.0 IDE 103 kW (140 hp)
2.0 16V Turbo 120 kW (163 hp), 125 kW (170 hp) and 151 kW (205 hp)
3.0 V6 152 kW (207 hp)
Diesel engines
1.9 dCi 68 kW (92 hp), 77 kW (105 hp), 79 kW (107 hp), 81 kW (110 hp), 88 kW (120 hp) and 96 kW (130 hp)
2.0 dCi 110 kW (150 hp) and 127 kW (173 hp)
2.2 dCi 102 kW (139 hp) and 110 kW (150 hp)
Third generation (2007-2015)
The third Laguna went on sale in October 2007 and became available in hatchback, estate/wagon and coupe bodystyles. It received a mild facelift in late 2010. Then in 2015 it was replaced by a new model called the Talisman.
Engines
Petrol engines
1.6 16V 81 kW (110 hp)
2.0 16V 103 kW (140 hp)
2.0 16V Turbo 125 kW (170 hp) and 150 kW (204 hp)
3.5 V6 175 kW (238 hp)
Diesel engines
1.5 dCi 81 kW (110 hp)
2.0 dCi 96 kW (130 hp), 110 kW (150 hp), 127 kW (173 hp) and 131 kW (178 hp)
3.0 V6 dCi 173 kW (235 hp)
Talisman (2015-2022)
The Talisman was revealed in late 2015 as a successor to the Laguna. It switched from a liftback bodystyle to a convetional sedan. It was facelifted in 2020 and discontinued in 2022.
thumb|Laguna
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Sin tax

A sin tax is when the government taxes things that are considered to be bad for society.
For example, if the government increases taxes on alcohol and cigarettes, this will make them more expensive. In economics, if a normal good becomes more expensive, its consumption will drop.
Arthur Pigou was a famous economist who supported the sin tax.
Sin taxes also have problems:
If there is a large price difference between countries this will encourage smuggling, and may create a black market.
Sin taxes may provide a reliable income for the government. In such a case, some governments encourage "sinful" behavior to get more taxes.
Taxation
Wyoming Seminary

Wyoming Seminary is a Methodist college in Kingston, Pennsylvania. It started in 1844..
People from Wyoming Seminary
Frank Carlucci
Howard Gardner
Bradley Winslow
References
Other websites
1884 establishments in Pennsylvania
Colleges and universities in Pennsylvania
Methodism
Gisela Mota Ocampo

Gisela Raquel Mota Ocampo (13 March 1982 - 2 January 2016) was a Mexican politician. She was a member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). She was the mayor of Temixco from 1 January 2016 until her death the next day. She was born in Temixco, Morelos.
Mota Ocampo was shot dead at her home on 2 January 2016 in Pueblo Viejo, aged 33.
References
1982 births
2016 deaths
Mexican mayors
Murders by firearm
People from Morelos
Northern Kurdistan

Northern Kurdistan (Kurdish: Bakure Kurdistane or Kurdistane Bakur) or Turkish Kurdistan, refers to the eastern and southeastern part of Turkey where Kurds are majority people. According to Kurdish Institute of Paris, the total population of region is 14,2 million in 2016 and according to several surveys, 86% of them are Kurds.
Demographics
In the first census of Turkey in 1927, Kurdish was the largest first language in the provinces of Agri (58%), Bitlis (75%), Diyarbakir (69%), Elazig (53%), Hakkari (89%), Mardin (61%), Siirt (74%, includes present-day Batman) and Van (77%). Moreover, Kurdish was the largest first language with a plurality in Sanliurfa with 42%. 69% of the population in Mus Province had Kurdish as their first language in the census of 1935, the first census conducted there after the province was split from Bitlis earlier. Dersim's (Tunceli) language distribution is 69.5% Kurdish and Zaza in 1927. Bingol Province was separated from Mus in 1935, while Tunceli Province was separated from Elazig in 1936 and Kurdish was also the first language in these newly-established provinces in their first census in 1945 with 56% and 53%, respectively.
References
Sources
Geography of Turkey
tr:Kurdistan#Turkiye Kurdistani
The Kids Are All Right (movie)

The Kids are All Right is a 2010 American comedy-drama movie. The movie stars Julianne Moore, Annette Bening, Mark Ruffalo and Mia Wasikowska. This movie is about a California lesbian couple and the events happening around them. This movie was nominated for several Academy Awards.
Other websites
2010 comedy-drama movies
2010s LGBT movies
American comedy-drama movies
American LGBT movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies set in California
American independent movies
Fulleren

Fulleren is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Eppeville

Eppeville is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
References
Communes in Somme
Kunio Kishida

was a Japanese dramatist and writer. He is known as one of the founders of modern Japanese drama.
Early life
Kishida studied French literature and modern drama at Tokyo Imperial University. In 1920, he went to Paris and studied the history of French drama.
Career
In the 1920s, Kishida wrote dramas and novels.
In 1937, he founded the Literature Theatre Company (Bungaku-za).
His name was given to the most famous prize for drama in Japan--the annual Kunio Kishida Award (Kishida Kunio Gikyoku-sho).
Major works
Drama
Old Toys (1924)
Autumn in Tirol (1924)
Paper Balloon (1926)
The Shower (1926)
Diary of Falling Leaves (1927)
Two Daughters of Mr. Sawa (1935)
A Warm Current (1943)
Hayamizu Girls School (1948)
References
Further reading
Rimer, J. Thomas. (1974). Toward a modern Japanese theatre: Kishida Kunio. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1890 births
1954 deaths
Writers from Tokyo
Carey, Idaho

Carey is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Cities in Idaho
K. Ugrapandian

K. Ugrapandian (b. 1945) is an Indian politician. He is a former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Paramakudi constituency in 1977 election.
References
1945 births
living people
Tamil people
Tamil Nadu politicians
Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat

Tuan Guru Dato' Bentara Setia Haji Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat (10 January 1931 - 12 February 2015) was a Malaysian politician and Muslim cleric.
He was the Menteri Besar of Kelantan from 1990 to 2013 and the Mursyidul Am or Spiritual Leader of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) from 1991 until his death in 2015.
Overall, career as an elected politician lasted for some 48 years following his election to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1967.
Nik Mat died of prostate cancer in Kota Bharu, Malaysia at the age of 84.
References
1931 births
2015 deaths
Malaysian politicians
Ab Blokker

Albert "Ab" Blokker (1945 - 15 January 2022) was a Dutch businessman. He was owner of Dutch retail chain .
Blokker built "Blokker Holding" together with his brother Jaap Blokker, with a series of important acquisitions in the 1980s and 1990s, including Bart Smit (1985), Leen Bakker, Casa (1988), Xenos (1989), Intertoys, Marskramer (1993) and Maxi Toys (1997). After the death of Jaap Blokker in July 2011, Ab remained the sole active family shareholder the Blokker group. However, he could not prevent the further decline of the chain and clashed with the innovative director Roland Palmer, who had to resign in 2015. In 2017, Ab Blokker stepped down as a member of the Supervisory Board. In 2021 he sold his interest in decoration chain Casa International to the management and investment company Globitas.
Blokker died on 15 January 2022, at the age of 76.
References
Dutch businesspeople
1945 births
2022 deaths
Place of death missing
Beast Boy

Beast Boy (Garfield "Gar" Logan) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by writer Arnold Drake and artist Bob Brown. He is a shapeshifter (changes his body form) to any animal he chooses. The character first appeared in The Doom Patrol #99 (November 1965). He is a known member of the Teen Titans.
Beast Boy has appeared in many cartoon television shows and movies, including as one of the Teen Titans in Cartoon Network's eponymous series, voiced by Greg Cipes and appeared on Titans, played by Ryan Potter. Beast Boy also appears in Teen Titans Go!
Other websites
Titans Tower: Beast Boy
DC Comics official origin page for Beast Boy.
Top 10 Alternate Versions Of Beast Boy.
DC Comics superheroes
Jonsered

Jonsered is a locality in Partille Municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 930 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Matt Baker

Clarence Matthew Baker (December 10, 1921 - August 11, 1959) was an American comic book artist. He is best known for drawing the costumed crime fighter Phantom Lady. Baker was active as early as the 1930s and 1940s Golden Age of comic books. He also penciled an early form of graphic novel, St. John Publications' digest-sized "picture novel" It Rhymes with Lust (1950). His specialty was good girl art, a comics and cartooning subgenre. Baker was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2009.
References
American comics artists
1921 births
1959 deaths
Kristalina Georgieva

Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva-Kinova (; born 13 August 1953) is a Bulgarian economist. She is the chair and managing director of the International Monetary Fund since 2019. She was the Chief Executive of the World Bank Group from 2017 to 2019. She was Acting President of the World Bank Group from 1 February 2019 to 8 April 2019. She was Vice-President of the European Commission under Jean-Claude Juncker from 2014 to 2016.
References
1953 births
Living people
Managing Directors of the International Monetary Fund
Bulgarian politicians
People from Sofia
Bulgarian economists
Pouan-les-Vallées

Pouan-les-Vallees is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Communes in Aube
Gail Halvorsen

Colonel Gail Seymour "Hal" Halvorsen (October 10, 1920 - February 16, 2022) was an American career officer and command pilot in the United States Air Force. He was well known as the original Candy Bomber or the "Rosinenbomber" in Germany and a recipient of the Congressional Gold Medal. He piloted C-47s and C-54s during the Berlin airlift ("Operation Vittles") from 1948-1949.
Halvorsen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. In October 2020, he turned 100. Halvoersen died at a hospital in Provo, Utah on February 16, 2022 from respiratory failure at the age of 101.
References
Other websites
"Candy Bomber" Gail Halvorsen launches his memoirs in Berlin
1920 births
2022 deaths
Military people from Utah
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
American centenarians
Elena Perinelli

Elena Perinelli (born 27 June 1995 in Varese) is an Italian volleyball player. She was a member of the Italy women's national volleyball team. She played at the 2012 Women's Junior European Volleyball Championship, 2013 FIVB U20 Volleyball Women's Championship, 2015 Montreux Volley Masters, 2019 Summer Universiade, 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League.
On the club level, she played for MC Carnaghi Villa Cortese, LJ Volley, and Chieri '76 Volleyball.
References
1995 births
Living people
Italian volleyball players
Visegrád Group

The Visegrad Group (also the Visegrad Four or V4) is a group of four Central European countries: the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. It was created in 1991 in Visegrad, Hungary for the purposes of better cooperation among these countries.
Other websites
Official website
History of the Czech Republic
20th-century establishments in Hungary
Slovakia
1991 establishments in Poland
Political organizations based in Europe
European organizations
Brian Wallows and Peter's Swallows

"Brian Wallows and Peter's Swallows" is the 17th episode of the 3rd season of Family Guy. It was first shown on television on January 7, 2002. In the episode, Brian Griffin must take care for an elderly woman. Brian does not like her, but he learns that she was a great singer. While this happens, an endangered species of birds live in Peter's new beard.
"Brian Wallows and Peter's Swallows" was written by Allison Adler. Dan Povenmire is the director of the episode. The people that were guest stars in the episode are A. J. Benza, Gary Cole, Adria Firestone, Melora Hardin, Butch Hartman, Phil LaMarr, Jane Lynch, Nicole Sullivan, Wally Wingert, Lori Alan, and Mike Barker. A song in the episode won an Emmy Award.
References
Other websites
Family Guy episodes
2002 television episodes
Bouenza Department

Boueza is a departement of the Republic of the Congo, in the southwest. Its capital is Madingou.
Bouenza is divided into two communes and ten districts:
Commune
Nkayi Commune
Madingou
Districts
Boko-Songho District
Kayes District
Kingoue District
Loudima District
Madingou District
Mabombo District
Mfouati District
Mouyondzi District
Tsiaki District
Yamba District
References
Departments of the Republic of the Congo
Al Nahyan

The Al Nahyan (pronounced 'an-nayaan) is the ruling family of Abu Dhabi and the senior rulers of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Royal dynasties
Emirati people
Charlie Monttana

Carlos Cesar Sanchez Hernandez (November 6, 1961 - May 28, 2020), known professionally as Charlie Monttana, was a Mexican rock urbano musician and singer-songwriter. He was born in Mexico City.
Sanchez began his career as a singer in Mexico City's rock urbano scene in the 1980s. After that invited by Rodolfo Leon "Leon Vago" he joined Vago. In 1987 he was invited by musician Toshiro Midori to be the vocalist of Mara. In 1989 he separated from Mara.
In 1992 Monttana launched his solo career releasing hits such as "Vaquero Rocanrolero" (Rock And Roll Cowboy), "Por Que El Amor Apesta" ("Why Love Stinks") and "Mi Terrible Soledad" ("My Terrible Loneliness"), among others. He was also a philanthropist.
Monttana died of a heart attack caused by a heatstroke on May 28, 2020 at the age of 58.
References
1961 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from stroke
Mexican singer-songwriters
Mexican guitarists
Philanthropists
Singers from Mexico City
Musicians from Mexico City
Bad Balance

Bad Balance is a Russian hip hop group. They also perform under the name Bad B..
It was formed in 1989 by breakdancer and rapper Vlad Valov, also known as Master SheFF or SHEFF, and by DJ Gleb Matveyev, known as DJ LA. First it was based in Donetsk in modern Ukraine, later the musicians relocated to Russia's Saint Petersburg and now this is a Moscow-based group.
Bad Balance are known as one of the first groups in Russia and Soviet Union, which perform hip hop music. Bad Balance actively promoted the hip hop culture in Russia.
Studio albums
1990: Vyshe zakona
1994: Naliotchiki Bad B.
1996: Chisto PRO...
1998: Gorod dzhunglei
2001: Kamennyi les
2003: Malo-po-malu
2007: Legendy gangsterov
2009: Semero odnogo ne zhdut
2012: World Wide
2013: Kriminal 90-kh
2014: Severnaia mistika
2016: Politika
Other websites
Official website
References
1980s establishments in the Soviet Union
Hip hop bands
Musical groups established in 1989
Russian musical groups
Sentimental Lady

"Sentimental Lady" is a 1972 song by British American band Fleetwood Mac. It was originally recorded for their sixth studio album Bare Trees and was re-recorded by Bob Welch in 1977 for his studio album French Kiss. It went to number 8 in the United States and number 3 in Canada.
References
1972 songs
Fleetwood Mac songs
Bob Welch songs
Soft rock songs
Bucegi Mountains

The Bucegi Mountains () are in central Romania to the south of the city Brasov. They are part of the Southern Carpathians group of the Carpathian Mountains of Europe.
To the east, the Bucegi Mountains have a very steep slope. This is towards the popular tourist destination Prahova Valley. At a higher elevation is the Bucegi Plateau, where wind and rain have turned the rocks into brilliant figures such as the Sphinx and Babele.
The Bucegi is thought to be the Dacian holy mountain Kogainon. Here, the mythical figure Zalmoxis resided in a cave.
References
Mountain ranges of the Carpathians
Mountains of Romania
Thun-Saint-Martin

Thun-Saint-Martin is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 541 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Biological half-life

A half life of a substance is the amount of time it takes to decay into half of its activity. Usually, this refers to the body's getting rid of a substance. This happens by the function of kidneys and liver as well as excretion.
Related pages
Half-life (element)
Physiology
Emma Wright

Emma Wright (born 16 November 1996) is a Canadian water polo player.
She participated at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships, 2015 Pan American Games, 2013 World Aquatics Championships, and 2013 World Aquatics Championships.
She plays for University of California's women's water polo team.
References
1996 births
Living people
Canadian water polo players
Mare Winningham

Mary Megan "Mare" Winningham (; born May 16, 1959) is an American actress and folk-blues singer-songwriter. She was born in Phoenix, Arizona. Winningham began her acting career in 1976. She won two Emmy Awards during her career. She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1995 movie Georgia.
For a short time in 1981, she was married to actor and singer A Martinez.
References
Other websites
1959 births
Living people
Emmy Award winning actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American singer-songwriters
American folk singers
American blues singers
Singers from Phoenix, Arizona
Writers from Phoenix, Arizona
Actors from Phoenix, Arizona
Hard Core (Lil' Kim album)

Hard Core is the debut studio album by American rapper Lil' Kim. It was released on November 12, 1996 by Undeas Recordings and Big Beat Records.
Track listing
Sample credits
"Big Momma Thang" contains a sample of Sylvester's "Was It Something I Said".
"No Time" contains a sample of Vicki Anderson's "Message from the Soul Sisters" and Lyn Collins's "Take Me Just As I Am" and The Notorious B.I.G.
"Crush On You" contains excerpts and a sample of Jeff Lorber's "Rain Dance" and Average White Band's "If I Ever Lose This Heaven"
"Drugs" contains a sample of Soul Mann & The Brothers "Bumpy's Lament".
"Queen Bitch" contains a sample of Roberta Flack's "Hey, That's No Way to Say Goodbye".
"Dreams" contains a sample of Lyn Collins's "Think (About It)" and Jimi Hendrix's "Who Knows".
"M.A.F.I.A. Land" contains a sample of Bert Kaempfert's "Only a Fool".
"We Don't Need It" contains a sample of Lou Donaldson's "Ode to Billie Joe" and Shirley Murdock's "The One I Need".
"Not Tonight" contains a sample of George Benson's "Turn Your Love Around".
"Not Tonight (Ladies Night Remix)" contains a sample of Kool & the Gang's "Ladies Night".
Charts and certifications
Chart
Certifications
Personnel
Lil' Kim - vocals, rapping
Technical personnel
Stretch Armstrong, Corn Bread, Andraeo "Fanatic" Heard, Carlos Broady, Stevie J., Fabian Hamilton, Ski - producer
Sean Combs, Christopher Wallace - executive producer, additional vocals
Kenny Ortiz, Phil Tan - engineer
Jermaine Dupri - producer, engineer
Tony Black - engineer, mixing
James Cruz, Herb Powers, Jr. - mastering
Junior M.A.F.I.A., Jay-Z - additional vocals
LaMarquis Mark Jefferson - bass
Art personnel
Michael Lavine - photography
Certifications
References
1996 albums
Debut albums
Hip hop albums
Sarasota County, Florida

Sarasota County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2020, 462,286 people lived there. Sarasota County was created in 1921.
References
Florida counties
1921 establishments in Florida
Continental drift

Continental drift is a historical, scientific theory. The theory was first proposed by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. It was fully developed by the German geologist and meteorologist Alfred Wegener in 1915.
The theory said that parts of the Earth's crust move slowly on top of a liquid mantle of higher density. The theory has now been included in the wider theory of plate tectonics.
Evidence
The theory was supported by finding the same minerals and fossils in western Europe and eastern North America. There are also similar fossils on the western coast of Africa and the eastern South America. The shapes of these continents nearly fit together. The theory was plausible (believable), but there was no known mechanism to drive these great movements. This problem was later solved by plate tectonics.
The pattern of volcanic activity, mountain building (orogeny) and earthquakes is explained by continental drift. The existence of identical rocks widely apart supports the theory.
Examples (there are hundreds):
Fossils of the fern Glossopteris are found in rocks from Australia, South America, Antarctica, India, Africa and Madagascar. These were all together in the supercontinent Gondwana, after the global continent Pangaea broke up.
Table Mountain at the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and mountains south of Rio de Janeiro are made of identical rocks. This corresponds to the fit of Africa with South America in Pangaea.
The Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, and Fingal's Cave on Staffa, Inner Hebrides, Scotland is the same rock formation.
Mechanism
The basic machine driving continental movement is heat moving from the Earth's mantle through the crust and out of the planet. The effect of this it to cause convection, and plate movement.
Two events in particular are of huge importance:
The production of new crust at places such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
The removal of crust by subduction (moving under) at the points where plates collide.
Footnote
Plate tectonics