pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Allegory

An allegory is a term for a figure of speech. It is a story or picture with a hidden meaning. The characters in allegories are symbols which represent particular ideas. The story has a figurative meaning, not just a literal one.
Allegory is an example of rhetoric, but an allegory does not have to be a story in language. It may be something to look at, such as a painting or sculpture.
An allegory is like a long metaphor. People have to use their imagination to understand what it is trying to say. A fable or parable is a short allegory with one basic idea (a moral).
Sometimes people say that stories have meanings which the author, in fact, did not intend. For instance, many people have suggested that The Lord of the Rings was an allegory for the World Wars, but, in fact, it was written well before the outbreak of World War II, and J.R.R. Tolkien said that it was not an allegory. In this way people sometimes change the author's ideas. Sometimes they do it for their own political reasons.
Examples
Allegory has been a favourite form in the literature of nearly every nation. It is often used as a way of criticizing things or people where it would not be possible to do so directly.
In classical literature Plato and Ovid wrote allegories. Dante Alighieri wrote allegories in The Divine Comedy. In the Middle Ages Everyman was a morality play. John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress tells the story of a man trying to lead a Christian life. Jonathan Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels, which tells about the strange customs of (made-up) faraway countries, but he was really criticizing things about his own country, the United Kingdom. Animal Farm by George Orwell is another example of an allegory, this time of the Soviet Union during Josef Stalin's era and the Russian Revolution. Some of the characters can be directly linked to figures during that time.
Songs may also include allegories. "Waist Deep In The Big Muddy" tells a story of American soldiers in the 1800s, ordered by their commander to march into the Mississippi River, which they could never cross on foot. In truth, it told the story of soldiers fighting in the Vietnam War in the 1960s, and being expected to do the white guy's bidding.
Allegories still continue to be popular today. Pictures, movies and plays can be allegories. William Golding's novel Lord of the Flies also has allegorical meaning. Star Trek used a great deal of allegory, to look at social conditions and moral values in the present, while telling stories based in the future. Alien races were often a reflection of Earth's own races and countries.
Allegorical artworks include Sandro Botticelli's La Primavera (Allegory of Spring) and Jan Vermeer's The Allegory of Painting.
Related pages
Trope
References
Genres
Literary terms
Isthmian Games

The Isthmian Games were a music and athletic contest. The Isthmian Games happened in ancient Greece. The Games were played honour of the sea god Poseidon. They were played in the spring of the second and fourth years of each Olympiad. They were played at the holy place of Poseidon on the Isthmus of Corinth. The Isthmian Games were played until the 4th century c.e. Both men and women competed in the Isthmian Games.
References
Ancient sports
Cleat

Cleats or studs are spikes or studs that are attached to the bottom of a shoe to provide more traction (grip) on a soft or slippery surface. Shoes specially designed for several kinds of sports, such as baseball and all the different kinds of football, have cleats, so that the players do not slip on the ground so easily. Ice cleats (or crampons) are a type of spikes that usually are attachable to the soles of shoes to prevent slipping on ice.
Footwear
Sports equipment
Charles the Fat

Charles the Fat (13 June 839 - 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876, King of Italy from 879, Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles III) from 881, King of East Francia from 882, and King of West Francia from 884. He lost control of East Francia, Lotharingia, and possibly Italy in 887. He died a few weeks later in January 888.
839 births
888 deaths
Kings and Queens of France
Holy Roman Emperors
9th century in Germany
Milo of Nanteuil

Milo de Nanteuil (? - 6 September 1234) was a soldier, crusader, and the Bishop of Beauvais from 1218 to 1234. From 1207 to 1217 he was the priest in charge of the Notre-Dame de Reims Cathedral. He was the fourth son of Gaucher I of the Chatillon family who lived in Nanteuil-la-Fosse. He took part in the Fifth Crusade and the building of Beauvais Cathedral. He was also the patron of the poet, Jean Renart.
References
1230s deaths
French Roman Catholic bishops
Crusaders
Loek van Mil

Ludovicus Jacobus Maria "Loek" van Mil (; 15 September 1984 - 28 July 2019) was a Dutch professional baseball pitcher. At , he was one of the tallest players in the history of professional baseball.
He played for Curacao Neptunus of the Honkbal Hoofdklasse and for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles of the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
On the Netherlands national baseball team he was the team's closer in the 2013 World Baseball Classic and the 2015 Premier 12 and appeared in the 2007 Baseball World Cup.
van Mil died on 28 July 2019 from problems caused by a hiking injury at the age of 34.
References
1984 births
2019 deaths
Accidental deaths
Baseball players
People from Oss
Sportspeople from North Brabant
Deaths from head injury
Ugolino da Gualdo Cattaneo

Ugolino da Gualdo Cattaneo was an Roman Catholic professed religious and monk of the Order of Saint Augustine. He was born in 1200 and died on January 1, 1260.
References
Other websites
1200 births
1260 deaths
Akira Konno

Akira Konno (born 12 September 1974) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|Jubilo Iwata||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1998||4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
|-
|1999||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="7"|Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 1||20||3||1||0||4||0||25||3
|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||35||9||5||0||2||0||42||9
|-
|2002||21||2||5||1||colspan="2"|-||26||3
|-
|2003||41||7||4||1||colspan="2"|-||45||8
|-
|2004||24||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||25||2
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||9||1||0||0||4||0||13||1
|-
|2006||8||0||1||0||3||1||12||1
163||24||17||2||15||1||195||27
163||24||17||2||15||1||195||27
|}
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Iwate Prefecture
South Orange, New Jersey

South Orange, New Jersey is a place in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is west of Newark, and south of the city of Orange. Around 16,000 people live there.
Seton Hall University is in South Orange.
A notable person from South Orange is actor Kevin Spacey.
Other websites
Official site
Townships in New Jersey
Klippan

Klippan is an urban area in the county of Scania in Sweden. It is the seat of Klippan Municipality. In September 1995, Klippan became famous for a racist murder.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Skane County
So Real (Mandy Moore song)

"So Real" is a 2000 song by Mandy Moore. It is from a album reissue I Wanna Be with You. It went to number 21 in Australia and number 18 in New Zealand.
Track listings
Australian CD single
"So Real"
"Candy" (Wade Robson Remix)
"Not Too Young"
"So Real" (Wade Robson Remix)
"So Real" (video clip)
French promo CD--"C'est si facile"
"C'est si facile" - 3:50
"So Real" - 3:51
References
2000 songs
Mandy Moore songs
Teen pop songs
Electoral district of Polwarth

Polwarth is an electoral district of Victoria. It was created in 2018. It is in the Eastern Victoria Region.
Election results
References
Polwarth
Escot

Escot is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Escot
Veltheim, Aargau

Veltheim is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Municipalities of Aargau
Joint Typhoon Warning Center

The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy - United States Air Force task force. It is at the Naval Maritime Forecast Center in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
1959 establishments in the United States
United States Navy
United States Air Force
Hawaii
Tropical cyclones
20th-century establishments in Hawaii
Black Box (band)

Black Box was a late 1980s/early 1990s house music group. They were known for hit singles like "Everybody Everybody", "Strike it Up" and "I Don't Know Anybody Else".
The group broke up in 1998.
R&B bands
Pop music groups
1998 disestablishments
Della Rovere

The Della Rovere family (; literally "of the oak tree") was a noble family of Urbino in central Italy. They originally came from Savona, Liguria. The family rose to nobility through nepotism and ambitious marriages. These marriages were arranged by two Della Rovere popes, Francesco della Rovere (Pope Sixtus IV, 1471-1484) and his nephew Giuliano (Pope Julius II, 1503-1513). Pope Sixtus IV is known for having built the Sistine Chapel, which is named for him. The Basilica San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome is the family church of the della Rovere. Vittoria della Rovere was a member of the family and was one of the last Grand Duchesses of Tuscany.
Dukes of Urbino
Francesco Maria I della Rovere (1490-1538)
Guidobaldo II della Rovere (1514-1574)
Francesco Maria II della Rovere (1549-1631)
Federico Ubaldo della Rovere (1605-1623)
References
Other websites
John T. Noonan Jr.

John Thomas Noonan Jr. (October 24, 1926 - April 17, 2017) was an American circuit judge. He served as a Circuit Judge on the United States Circuit Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from December 17, 1985 through December 27, 1996.
Noonan Jr. was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Harvard University, at St John's College, Cambridge and at The Catholic University of America. From 1967 until his death in 2017, Noonan Jr. was married to Mary Lee Bennett. They had three children.
Noonan Jr. died on April 17, 2017 in Berkeley, California, aged 90.
References
Other websites
1926 births
2017 deaths
American judges
Politicians from Boston
Politicians from Berkeley, California
Lawyers from Boston
Lawyers from Berkeley, California
DJ Envy

DJ Envy is an American disc jockey (DJ), record producer, and radio personality.
Discography
Studio albums
The Desert Storm Mixtape: Blok Party, Vol. 1 (2003)
References
1977 births
Living people
American DJs
Musicians from Brooklyn
Borlänge Municipality

Borlange Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Borlange.
References
Other websites
Borlange Municipality
Municipalities of Dalarna County
Ben Folds Five

Ben Folds Five was an American alternative rock band from 1993 to 2000. Even though the band was called Ben Folds Five, it only had three members. Ben Folds, who was also the band's lead singer, played piano, Robert Sledge played bass, and Darren Jessee played drums. The band's biggest hits were "Brick" and "Underground".
Albums
Ben Folds Five (1995)
Whatever and Ever Amen (1997)
Naked Baby Photos (1998)
The Unauthorized Biography of Reinhold Messner (1999)
The Sound of the Life of the Mind (2012)
American rock bands
Musical groups from North Carolina
Lana Del Rey

Elizabeth Woolridge Grant (born June 21, 1985), known by her stage name Lana Del Rey, is an American singer and songwriter from New York. She has sold about 19.1 million albums and 13 million singles around the world. She has released six albums and four EPs since 2008.
Career
She released her first EP "Kill Kill" as Lizzy Grant in 2008. Two years later, she released her first studio album, titled Lana Del Ray, by 5 Points Records. However, the album was pulled three months after its release. She released her first single as Lana Del Rey, "Video Games", in August 2011. It reached number one in the singles charts in Finland, Denmark,Germany, Japan, Slovakia, Scotland, and Luxembourg. Her second album Born to Die reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart when it was released on January 27, 2012. Born to Die was reissued on November 9, 2012 as Born to Die: The Paradise Edition, which featured eight new songs. The new songs were featured in the separate EP, Paradise. In 2013 "Young and Beautiful" was on the soundtrack to The Great Gatsby. Her third studio album, Ultraviolence, was released in 2014. A short film, Tropico, was released on the website VEVO on December 5. It has songs from her Paradise EP in it. She has also modelled for H&M.
Del Rey's song "Young and Beautiful" was nominated for the award for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 2014 Grammy Awards. Paradise was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album.
On April 14, 2014, the first single from Ultraviolence, "West Coast", was released.
Her fourth studio album, Honeymoon, was released on September 18, 2015.
The fifth studio album of Del Rey, Lust for Life, was released on July 21, 2017. Four singles were previously released, being "Love", title track "Lust for Life" with The Weeknd, "Summer Bummer" with ASAP Rocky and Playboi Carti, and "Groupie Love", also with ASAP Rocky.
Del Rey's sixth studio album, Norman Fucking Rockwell!, was released on August 30, 2019. The album was well-received by critics.
Personal life
Del Rey was born in New York City. Lana began singing in her Church choir at a young age, where she was the cantor. She was raised Catholic. When she was fifteen she was sent to Kent School, a boarding school in Connecticut, to deal with her alcoholism. When she was 18 she moved to Bronx to study metaphysics at Fordham University.
Discography
EP's:
Kill Kill (2008)
Lana Del Rey (2012)
Paradise (2012)
Tropico (2013)
Albums:
Lana Del Ray (2010)
Born to Die (2012)
Ultraviolence (2014)
Honeymoon (2015)
Lust for Life (2017)
Norman Fucking Rockwell! (2019)
Chemtrails over the Country Club (2021)
Blue Banisters (2021)
Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd (2023)
References
Other websites
Living people
1985 births
American guitarists
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Brit Award winners
American poets
21st-century American singers
American pop singers
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
American feminist writers
American folk singers
American record producers
American rock guitarists
Interscope Records artists
Singers from New York City
Book of Jonah

The Old Testament book of Jonah, contains four chapters, and forty-eight verses. The book tells the story of the Prophet Jonah, who was called by God to go to the heathen city of Nineveh, which God would soon destroy if they did not repent. Nineveh was the main city of the Assyrians who were the enemies of Jonah's country of Israel. So instead, Jonah ran away from God and went in a ship towards the west. God sent a great storm and the ship was about to sink. God showed the sailors that Jonah was to blame, and although they didn't want to, they threw him out of the ship and the storm stopped. Jonah was swallowed by a great fish (probably a whale). He repented of his sin of running away from God. Then he prayed for three days and nights. God made the great fish spit Jonah onto the dry land. Then he obeyed God and went to tell the people of their sins to God.
Jonah then went all through the city telling everyone that God was going to punish them. Their hearts were changed and they saw their evildoing. They prayed for God to deliver them from the upcoming destruction to their city. God saw their change and had mercy on them, but Jonah still did not believe it. He went to wait upon a high up rock and see God's anger against the city. God was not pleased with that so he first made a plant grow, and then sent a small worm to bite down the small gourd plant, which was Jonah's only shade from the heat of the sun. Jonah was very angry and said it was better for him to die than live. God, in turn, said that Jonah cared more about the little plant than all the people of Nineveh!
Other websites
Book of Jonah (KJV)
Book of Jonah (NIV)
Old Testament books
Books of the Hebrew Bible
5th-century BC books
1931 Belize hurricane

The 1931 Belize hurricane was a severe tropical cyclone that took place in September 1931. It killed more than twenty-five hundred in Central America, including Belize (called British Honduras at that time). The hurricane struck Belize City with winds near 135 miles per hour. The storm hit on September 10, and then traveled westward over the Yucatan Peninsula of eastern Mexico. It later weakened over the Bay of Campeche, made its final landfall near the northern Mexico-south central Texas border, and then died.
1931 in North America
Hurricanes
History of Belize
20th century in Mexico
20th century in Texas
Deadly storms
Nadir Tedeschi

Nadir Tedeschi (11 August 1930 - 9 August 2021) was an Italian politician. Tedeschi was born in Badia Polesine, Italy. He was a member of the Christian Democracy Party. He was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1976. He won a second term in 1983 and left office in 1987.
Tedeschi died in Trezzano sul Naviglio, Italy on 9 August 2021, just two days before his 91st birthday.
References
1930 births
2021 deaths
Italian politicians
Little Rock, Arkansas

Little Rock is the capital city and largest city of the U.S. state of Arkansas. Billy Joel mentions it in "We Didn't Start the Fire".
References
Other websites
State capitals in the United States
1821 establishments in the United States
1820s establishments in Arkansas Territory
County seats in Arkansas
Perspective (graphical)

In graphic arts, perspective is the representation of how an image is seen by the eye. It was first invented by Filippo Brunelleschi. It is about how the angle and distance of a three-dimensional object is represented on a flat surface. To create a real scene, objects are drawn smaller to show that they are farther away from the person looking at the artwork. The dimensions of an object are also drawn differently depending where the line of sight is. The size of an object's dimensions along the line of sight are usually drawn shorter than dimensions across the line of sight. This is called foreshortening, and is used to create the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface.
Landscape paintings have a horizon line. This line represents objects that are infinitely far away. They have shrunk, in the distance, like objects on the Earth's horizon. Changing the height of the horizon level changes the view point for the picture. A person lying on the ground and looking up would have a different view to a person on a ladder looking down.
Basic concept
Perspective works by representing the light that passes from a scene through an imaginary rectangle (the painting), to the viewer's eye. It is similar to a viewer looking through a window and painting what is seen directly onto the windowpane. If viewed from the same spot as the windowpane was painted, the painted image would be identical to what was seen through the unpainted window. Each painted object in the scene is a flat, scaled down version of the object on the other side of the window.
Notes
References
Other websites
Teaching Perspective in Art and Mathematics through Leonardo da Vinci's Work at Mathematical Association of America
Perspective in Ancient Roman-Wall Painting at Southampton Solent University
Mathematics of Perspective Drawing
Graphics
Art
YellaWood 500

The YellaWood 500 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama, hosting an event in the NASCAR playoffs. The race is one of four NASCAR Cup Series races currently run with tapered spacers, the others being the GEICO 500 in May, the Coke Zero Sugar 400, and the Daytona 500. Through 1996, this race was normally held in early August or late July. In 1997, it was moved to early October due to the uncomfortably hot summer temperatures, and sometimes unpredictable summertime thunderstorms in the Alabama area. In 2009, the race moved again, this time to November 1 as part of a realignment agreement with Atlanta and Fontana (where Fontana earned a race in the Chase and Atlanta gained the Labor Day weekend race).
The race was on average on the most competitive in NASCAR history. It unwent 40 official leader changes in 1971, 1973, 1975-1978, 1983-1984, 1989-2000, and each year in the period covering races from 2003-2012. In 13 cases, the race exceeded 60 changes of leader, that of 2010 holds the record of leader changes for this circuit, one less than the NASCAR record created in a race in April.
The race
It is long and it is 188 laps, stages 1 and 2 is 55 laps in length, while the final stage is 78 laps total.
Dale Earnhardt holds the most record of wins (7), at the level of the stables, it is Richard Childress Racing, which holds it with 8 victories and for the manufacturers, it is Chevrolet with 21 victories.
References
20th-century establishments in Alabama
1969 establishments in the United States
1969 in sports
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races
NASCAR races
Guy du Merle

Guy du Merle (1 January 1908 - 6 June 1993) was a French aerospace engineer, pilot and writer. He was the first head of the French Civil Aviation University.
Du Merle graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique (1927) and the Ecole nationale superieure de l'aeronautique et de l'espace (1932). He began his career as a military pilot, from 1933 to 1935, on more than hundred types of aircraft. From 1940 to 1950, he taught aerospace engineering at the Ecole nationale superieure de l'aeronautique et de l'espace. In 1948, he became the first director of the French Civil Aviation University, until 1951.
A roundabout of the city of Toulouse bears his name.
References
Further reading
Guy du Merle, Construction des avions, Souchier, 1942, 283 p.
Guy du Merle, Construction des avions, Dunod, 1947, 857 p.
Guy du Merle, Aviation quand tu nous tiens, 23 p., Ecole nationale de l'aviation civile, 1986 (English version )
Academie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les francais du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()
1908 births
1993 deaths
Alumni of the Ecole Polytechnique
French aviators
Heads of the French Civil Aviation University
Writers from Toulon
The Lock

The Lock is an oil painting by Jean-Honore Fragonard. It was painted around 1776-79. The picture measures 71 x 92 cm (28 x 36.2 in). It hangs in the Louvre. Fragonard is (and was) famous for mildly erotic scenes. After his marriage in 1769, he painted family scenes.
1770s paintings
Paintings by Jean-Honore Fragonard
Monte Pissis

Monte Pissis is a mountain in the Andes range, in Argentina. It is the 3rd highest mountain in the Andes.
The first people to reach the top were the Polish climbers Osiecki and Szczepanski in 1937.
References
Mountains of Argentina
Andes
The Hobbit (movie series)

The Hobbit is a three-part fantasy movie. These parts are The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012), The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014). The movies are based on J. R. R. Tolkien's book The Hobbit.
The movie trilogy
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012)
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013)
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014)
Cast
Ian McKellen as Gandalf
Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins
Richard Armitage as Thorin Oakenshield
Aidan Turner as Kili
Dean O'Gorman as Fili
Graham McTavish as Dwalin
Ken Stott as Balin
John Callen as Oin
Peter Hambleton as Gloin
William Kircher as Bifur
James Nesbitt as Bofur
Stephen Hunter as Bombur
Mark Hadlow as Dori
Jed Brophy as Nori
Adam Brown as Ori
Billy Connolly as Dain
Andy Serkis as Gollum
Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug and Necromancer
Lee Pace as Thranduil
Orlando Bloom as Legolas
Evangeline Lily as Tauriel
Stephen Fry as Master of Lake-town
Ryan Gage as Alfrid
Luke Evans as Bard the Bowman
John Bell as Bain
Peggy Nesbitt as Sigrid
Mary Nesbitt as Tilda
Ian Holm as old Bilbo Baggins
Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins
Hugo Weaving as Elrond
Cate Blanchett as Galadriel
Christopher Lee as Saruman
Mikael Persbrandt as Beorn
Sylvester McCoy as Radagast
Jeffrey Thomas as Thror
Antony Sher as Thrain
Barry Humphries as the Great Goblin
Manu Bennett as Azog
Conan Stevens, Lawrence Makoare and John Tui as Bolg
Stephen Ure as Fimbul
Ben Mitchell as Narzug
Allan Smith as Ragash
Bret McKenzie as Lindir
Jarred Blakiston as Musical Elf
Andrew Fitzsimons as Elf
Branden Casey and Cameron Jones as Thranduil's Lieutenant
Craig Hall as Galion
Robin Kerr as Elros
Eli Kent as Lethuin
Simon London as Feren
Other websites
English-language movies
2010s fantasy movies
American fantasy movies
New Zealand movies
Middle-earth
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
New Line Cinema movies
Roseau County, Minnesota

Roseau County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota, along the Canada-US border. As of the 2020 census, 15,331 people lived there. The county seat is Roseau. It is south of the border with Manitoba.
References
Minnesota counties
Okanogan County, Washington

Okanogan County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. At the 2020 census, 42,104 people lived there. The county seat is Okanogan, while the largest city is Omak. Its area is the largest in the state.
References
19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1888 establishments in the United States
Washington (state) counties
Camarines Sur

Camarines Sur (; ) is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region in Luzon. Its capital is Pili.
References
Provinces of the Philippines
War Emblem

War Emblem (February 20, 1999 - March 11, 2020) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He was the winner of the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes in 2002.
War Emblem was found dead in his paddock at Old Friends Equine in Georgetown, Kentucky on March 11, 2020 at the age of 21.
References
1999 births
2020 deaths
Thoroughbred racehorses
Dendropsophus juliani

Dendropsophus juliani is a frog that lives in Peru. Scientists think it might also live in Brazil.
References
Frogs of South America
La Joya, Texas

La Joya is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States.
Cities in Texas
Christopher Blake

Christopher Blake is an archer from Australia. Blake competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 13 June 1953.
References
Other websites
1953 births
Living people
Australian archers
Australian Olympians
Pomelo

The Pomelo (Citrus maxima or Citrus grandis), is a citrus fruit from South East Asia. It is pale green or yellow when ripe. Its flesh is sweet and white. The rind is very thick and spongy. It is the largest citrus fruit, usually in diameter. It weighs .
Other names for the pomelo are pummelo and pommelo.
Sources
Citrus
Bikini Atoll

The Bikini atoll is a group of islands (an atoll) in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Ralik chain. Today, it is part of the Marshall Islands. It used to be known as Eschscholtz Atoll. The atoll is made of 23 islands, which have a surface area of . The lagoon is about by , and has a surface area of about . The lagoon has a depth of up to . The two biggest islands are Bikini, at and Enyu, at .
Majuro, the capital of the Marshall Islands, is about to the south. New Guinea is about to the southwest.
Nuclear tests
Today, the atoll is mostly known for many nuclear tests, done by the US government in the 1940s, and 1950s. In 1946, about 200 people were moved from these two islands, all other islands of the atoll were uninhabited. The people were moved to the smaller Rongerik Atoll, which was uninhabited at the time.
Over 42.000 people were taking part in the nuclear tests. In total, 67 tests were done.
In the 1970s, about 100 people again moved to the islands, but they had to leave again, because high levels of Strontium-90 and Caesium-137 were found. Today, the atoll is largely uninhabited, except for a few caretakers.
Problems with islanders returning
Even though the atoll may be habitable again soon, there's a problem: Many of the Bikini islanders (or their offspring) have never lived on the island, and haven't even visited it. There's a high unemployment rate on the Marshall islands. As the Marshall islands have a special agreement with the United States, unemployed people from the Marshall islands can go look for jobs in the United States. It is therefore unclear how many of the original islanders or their offspring will return to the atoll.
Gallery
Marshall Islands
Crotalus viridis

Crotalus viridis (commonly known as the prairie rattlesnake or desert rattlesnake) is a species of venomous Pit vipers. There is currently only six subspecies recognized, not including the nominate subspecies like the hopi, and others.
Description
The Prairie Rattlesnake usually grows up to the length of around 100 centimeters (3.3 ft). Prairie Rattlesnakes in Montana can sometimes grow up to the length of 120 centimeters (3.9 ft), but the longest ever found was 151.5 centimeters (4.97 ft) long. They are usually light brown in color with some patches of dark brown.
Feeding
Prairie Rattlesnakes eat mainly small mammals like ground squirrels, mice, rats, small rabbits, and prairie dogs. Young Prairie Rattlesnakes eat amphibians, and small reptiles.
Reproduction
Female Prairie Rattlesnakes are viviparous, and can give birth to around 3-25 young at a time. The young are born around between August and October.
Behavior
Prairie Rattlesnake are diurnal in cool weathers, and nocturnal in hot weathers. They have a very powerful and deadly venom which they only use if attacked. Like other rattlesnakes they shake their tail to make a rasping sound which warns enemies.
Common names
The Prairie Rattlesnake is also called the "Western Rattlesnake", the "Plains Rattlesnake", the "Black Rattler", the "Confluent Rattlesnake", the "Missouri Rattlesnake", the "Spotted Rattlesnake", the '' Desert Rattlesnake'', and the "Western Pacific Rattlesnake".
Where they live
It is also found in southwestern Canada, south to the United States of America, and northern Mexico. In Canada it is found in Alberta, and Saskatchewan, in the United States of America it is found in eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, southern Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and eastern Arizona, in Mexico it is found in northern Coahuila, and northwestern Chihuahua.
Subspecies
Not including the nominate subspecies, Crotalus Viridis Viridis, the Prairie Rattlesnake only has one subspecies: the "Hopi Rattlesnake" (Crotalus Viridis Nuntius) which is found in northeastern and north-central Arizona, and New Mexico.
References
Vipers
Snakes of North America
Doudeauville, Pas-de-Calais

Doudeauville, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Simi

Simisola Bolatito Ogunleye (born ), also known as Simi, is a Nigerian singer and songwriter best known for her hit singles "Tiff" and "Jamb Question". She was signed to X3M Music since 2014
Early life
Simi was born in Surulere on 19 April 1988, Lagos State. She graduated from Covenant University where she majored in Mass Communication.
Career
In 2006, Simi released her first project titled Ogaju, a gospel music studio album that was entirely produced by Samklef.
In 2014, Simi released an EP tited Restless, a 5-track cover of popular international songs which earned her a record deal with X3M Music in April 2014.
Personal Life
Simi got married to a singer named Adekunle Gold on January 9, 2019 after dating for five years.
References
1988 births
Living people
Nigerian singer-songwriters
Blessy, Pas-de-Calais

Blessy, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Giuseppe Mazzini

Giuseppe Mazzini (22 June 1805 - 10 March 1872) was an Italian patriot, philosopher, Freemason and politician. His efforts helped bring about the modern Italian state in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He also helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state.
Criticisms
Karl Marx, on an interview by R. Landor in 1871, said that Mazzini's ideas represents "nothing better than the old idea of a middle-class republic." Marx believed, especially after the Revolutions of 1848, that this middle class point of view had become reactionary and the proletariat had nothing to do with it.
References
Other websites
Biography at cronologia.it
1805 births
1872 deaths
Freemasons
Italian esotericists
Italian politicians
Italian writers
INaturalist

iNaturalist is an American website where people post scientific information about plants, animals and other living things. Usually, they send photographs of which living things they saw and say where and when they saw them.
iNaturalist works by crowdsourcing, by asking many, many people to work on the project. Some of the people who send information to iNaturalist are professional scientists and some are citizen scientists, ordinary people who want to help scientific projects. iNaturalist sends information to International Union for the Conservation of Nature and other projects that watch endangered animals and other populations. iNaturalist users can help park rangers and other people who work in forests find and identify invasive species, for example kudzu. According to one park ranger from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the United States, rangers usually already know an invasive plant is in their park, but iNaturalist and programs like it help them find out exactly where it is. Then they can gather people to remove it.
Parks, conservation programs and research teams in many countries have used iNaturalist, for example the United States, Canada and New Zealand.
History
Students at the University of California at Berkeley founded iNaturalist in 2008. It was a master's thesis project. Since 2014, the California Academy of Sciences and the National Geographic Society have run iNaturalist together.
Platform
People use their smart phones to look at or send information to iNaturalist, usually photographs. Then other users on the website figure out what the is in the picture.
Seek
In 2020, iNaturalist launched a smaller program called Seek. Users with Seek can point their phones at a plant or animal and the program will try to tell them its name. According to iNature's Tony Iwane, "Seek's machine-learning model is based entirely on observations from . . the iNaturalist community, so it's really the hard work of thousands and thousands of people on iNaturalist that enables Seek to function."
Related pages
AmphibiaWeb
IUCN
References
Science websites
Scientific organizations based in the United States
Citizen science organizations
Yio Chu Kang MRT station

Yio Chu Kang MRT station (NS15) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Ang Mo Kio, Singapore.
Tracks between this station and Khatib MRT station is the longest between any two stations on the North-South Line. Opened on 7 November 1987, Yio Chu Kang station is one of Singapore's oldest MRT station.
History
Yio Chu Kang station was the terminus of the North-South Line when it first opened on 7 November 1987 along with the first five stations of the MRT. Trains stopped at Platform A before reversing and crossing over to the opposite track.
On 3 March 2003, a 23-year-old drove his car onto an MRT track near Lentor Avenue, the section between Yio Chu Kang and Khatib. The accident occurred when the car, traveling over the speed limit, went up an curb, crossed a total distance of before going up a steep slope before landing on the track. Witnesses tried to push the car off the tracks to prevent a possible accident from an approaching train. Although the train driver was not able to stop in time, he was able to slow the train down enough to prevent the train from.
On 12 February 2015, a 29-year-old motorcyclist died after he was flung onto the MRT tracks between Khatib and Yio Chu Kang stations early on Thursday morning following a traffic accident on the Lentor flyover, similar to the 2003 accident.
References
Other websites
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Civil union

In some countries, a civil union is a contract between two people which gives them rights similar to those they can obtain in marriage. In countries where it is allowed, a civil union is often available to people of the same sex; marriage is often limited to people of opposite sex. The first country to introduce civil unions was Denmark, in 1989. In Denmark, a civil union was limited to people of the same sex. These people got the same rights and duties as married people. In 2010, such couples were also allowed to adopt children. As of 2012, Denmark allows people of the same sex to marry, and the civil union is no longer available.
LGBT rights
Family law
LGBT marriages
Héctor Bonilla

Hector Bonilla (born Hector Hermilo Bonilla Rebentun; March 14, 1939 - November 25, 2022) was Mexican actor. He was born in Mexico City. He is known for his roles in Meridiano 100 (1974), Rojo Amanecer (1989), Doble Indemnizacion (1995) and 7:19 (2016). He won two Ariel Awards for Best Actor. In 2017, he voiced the Tio Philippe and Tio Oscar in the Spanish dub of Disney-Pixar Coco.
References
Other websites
1939 births
2022 deaths
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Actors from Mexico City
Myles Garrett

Myles Lorenz Garrett (born December 29, 1995) is an American football defensive end for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas A&M, where he received unanimous All-American honors in 2016, and was selected first overall by the Browns in the 2017 NFL Draft. Garrett has been named to four Pro Bowls and two first-team All-Pros during his NFL career.
1995 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
Cleveland Browns players
Texas A&M Aggies football players
Tim Roth

Tim Roth (born 14 May 1961) is an English movie actor and director. He starred in the television series Lie to Me.
Filmography
As actor
References
Other websites
1961 births
Living people
Actors from London
BAFTA Award winners
British television producers
English movie actors
English movie directors
English stage actors
English television actors
Dix Hills, New York

Dix Hills is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) on Long Island in the town of Huntington in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 26,892 at the 2010 census.
References
Hamlets in New York (state)
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Ryōji Noyori

is a Japanese chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001, Noyori shared a half of the prize with William S. Knowles for the study of chirally catalyzed hydrogenations.
References
1938 births
Living people
Japanese chemists
Kühndorf

Kuhndorf is a municipality in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district of Thuringia, Germany.
References
Schmalkalden-Meiningen Rural District
E. L. Doctorow

Edgar Lawrence "E. L." Doctorow (January 6, 1931July 21, 2015) was an American author. He was best known for his works of historical fiction. He was mostly known for his books The Book of Daniel, Ragtime, and Billy Bathgate.
Early life
Doctorow was born in The Bronx, New York City. His mother was Rose Doctorow and his father was David Doctorow, both of Jewish descent. He studied at Kenyon College and at Columbia University. In 1953, he married Helen Esther Setzer. They had three children.
Academic career
Doctorow taught at several universities. He was professor of English and American letters at New York University.
Awards
Doctorow won many writing awards, including the National Book Critics Circle Award for Ragtime, National Book Critics Circle Award for Billy Bathgate, National Book Critics Circle Award for The March, and the American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal for Fiction.
President Barack Obama called him "one of America's greatest novelists".
Death
Doctorow died of lung cancer on July 21, 2015, aged 84, in Manhattan. His wife Helen and their three children were still alive.
References
Other websites
"The Limits of Optimism: E.L. Doctorow and the American Left" by Joseph G. Ramsey http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/07/28/the-limits-of-optimism-e-l-doctorow-and-the-american-left/
1931 births
2015 deaths
American novelists
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from lung cancer
Jewish American academics
Jewish American writers
Writers from New York City
Educators from New York City
Laminar flow

Laminar flow is characterized by the smooth flow of a liquid. This tends to happen at low velocities when there are few disturbances, such as in a straight, smooth pipe. In laminar flow through a pipe, it is assumed that the velocity of the fluid is zero at the boundaries of the pipe and is at a maximum in the center; mathematically, the velocity profile is parabolic. Microscopically, the particles or pieces of the liquid flow in a straight line along the direction of the pipe and do not mix with other layers of fluid. The layers slide past one another like playing cards. This is in contrast to turbulent flow, when a fluid swirls around.
Even though there is no mixing, there is still some friction in the flow. This friction will cause a pressure drop and its numerical value is given by the Hagen-Poiseuille equation.
Fluid mechanics
Hank Jones

Henry "Hank" Jones (July 31, 1918 - May 16, 2010) was an American jazz pianist, bandleader, arranger, and composer. Jones recorded more than 60 albums under his own name, and countless others as a sideman. On May 19, 1962, he played piano as actress Marilyn Monroe sang her famous "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" song to then U.S. president John F. Kennedy. He was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi and raised in Pontiac, Michigan.
Jones died in Manhattan, New York from an illness, aged 91.
References
Other websites
Hank Jones official home page
1918 births
2010 deaths
American jazz musicians
American pianists
American composers
People from Vicksburg, Mississippi
People from Pontiac, Michigan
Musicians from Mississippi
Musicians from Michigan
Glires

Glires (from Latin glires, dormice) is a clade (sometimes ranked as grandorder) consisting of rodents and lagomorphs (rabbits, hares, and pikas). This hypothesis that these form a monophyletic group has been long debated based on morphological evidence, although recent morphological studies strongly support monophyly of Glires.
References
Mammals
Barry Briggs

Barry Briggs MBE (born 30 December 1934) is a former Speedway rider. He was born in Christchurch, New Zealand. He won the World Individual Championship title four times - in 1957, 1958, 1964 and 1966. He appeared in a record 17 consecutive World Individual finals (1954-70).
Briggs retired from British league racing in 1972 after an accident, but returned in 1974, then announcing in 1975 that this would be his last season yet retired in 1976.
In 1973 Briggs was awarded an MBE for his services to sport and in 1990 he was added into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame.
References
Other websites
New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame
1934 births
Living people
New Zealand motorcycle racers
Speedway riders
Extinct in the Wild

Extinct in the Wild (EW) is a conservation status given to a species, a group of plants or animals, when the only known living members are being kept in captivity (kept in a zoo or aquarium, or planted in pots), or they are no longer living in their normal habitat.
Species examples
Examples of such animals include:
Abingdon Island Tortoise
Red-tailed Black Shark
Pere David's Deer
Barbary Lion (extinct in the wild since 1922)
Wyoming Toad (extinct in the wild since 1991)
Hawaiian Crow (extinct in the wild since 2002)
Alagoas Curassow (extinct in the wild since 1987 or 1988)
Socorro Dove (extinct in the wild since 1972)
Guam Rail (extinct in the wild since 1980)
Black Soft-shell Turtle
Butterfly Goodeid
Guam kingfisher
Kihansi spray toad
Northern White Rhinoceros
Partula
Scimitar Oryx
Spix's Macaw
Reintroduction
Reintroduction is the release of species back into the wild. They come from captivity or moved from other areas where the species survives. It usually involves species that are endangered or extinct in the wild.
It is very hard to reintroduce EW species into the wild, even if their natural habitats were fixed. The main reason may be that the survival skills, which are passed from parents to offspring during parenting, are lost. In other words, the genetics of the species are saved, but the natural skills of the species are lost.
Extinction
Girard, Ohio

Girard is a city in Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The population was 9,958 at the 2010 census. It is part of Mahoning Valley.
References
Cities in Ohio
Victoria line (disambiguation)

Victoria Line is the name of many things. They are often associated with Queen Victoria:
Military
The Victoria Lines are a series of defensive towers and walls in Malta.
Transport
Bus
Victoria Line, the name previously given to two bus routes passing Osborne House on the Isle of Wight.
Rail
Metro
Victoria Line, one of several Underground lines in London (United Kingdom)
Landi Kotal

Landi Kotal or Landikotal () in Pakistan is the highest point on the Khyber Pass, 1,072 metres above sea level. It is on a route across the mountains from the near-border city, Peshawar. Landi Kotal is often visited by tourists and can be reached by train or road.
Landi Kotal is the main shopping centre for both the Shinwari and Afridi tribes.
History
In 1897, during British rule, the Afridis attacked Landi Kotal and other posts in the Khyber Pass. The British counter-attacked with a force of 34,500 men under Sir William Lockhart, defeating the Afridis.
In 1925 work began on a railway line linking Jamrud to Landi Kotal.
References
Other websites
Khyber District
Arrondissements of the Indre-et-Loire department

There are 3 arrondissements in the Indre-et-Loire department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.
If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.
Arrondissements are further divided into communes.
The arrondissements of Indre-et-Loire are:
History
Since its creation, the Indre-et-Loire department has had few changes:
1790 : creation of the department with seven districts: Tours, Amboise, Chateau-Renault, Loches, Chinon, Preuilly and Langeais; the capital was Tours.
1800 : creation of three arrondissements: Chinon, Loches and Tours.
1926 : the arrondissement of Loches was eliminated.
1943 : Loches was made again an arrondissement.
Related pages
List of arrondissements of France
References
Indre-et-Loire
Lynn Yeakel

Lynn Hardy Yeakel (July 9, 1941 - January 13, 2022) was an American administrator and Democratic politician. She was the Director of Drexel University College of Medicine's Institute for Women's Health and Leadership. Yeakel was born in Portsmouth, Virginia.
Yeakel ran for the U.S. Senate in 1992 in Pennsylvania against Senator Arlen Specter. She unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Pennsylvania in the 1994 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election.
Yeakel died on January 13, 2022 in Fort Myers, Florida from a short-illness, aged 80.
References
1941 births
2022 deaths
Politicians from Virginia
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
People from Portsmouth, Virginia
Writers from Pennsylvania
Writers from Virginia
Waite, Maine

Waite is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Sédeilles

Sedeilles was a municipality in Payerne in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. On 1 July 2006, it joined with Rossens and Sedeilles to become Villarzel.
2006 disestablishments in Switzerland
Former municipalities of Vaud
Villages in Vaud
Montgomery County, Missouri

Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 11,322. The county seat is Montgomery City.
References
1818 establishments in Missouri Territory
Missouri counties
Harcigny

Harcigny is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne