pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Party of Five

Party of Five is an American drama television series. It was broadcast on the FOX network from September 12, 1994 until May 3, 2000. The series is set in San Francisco, California. It was well liked by the critics but the series had very low ratings. The network wanted to stop broadcasting it after the 1994-1995 season but chose not to do this. The main stars of the series included Jennifer Love Hewitt, Scott Wolf, Matthew Fox, Lacey Chabert, David Collins, Paula Devicq, Scott Grimes, Michael A. Goorjian, Jeremy London and Neve Campbell. The series was given a "Best Drama" Golden Globe Award in 1996.
Other websites
1994 American television series debuts
2000 American television series endings
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
American drama television series
American teen television series
Fox television series
Golden Globe Award winning programs
Television series set in San Francisco
English-language television programs
Anthony Le Tallec

Anthony Le Tallec (born 3 October 1984) is a French football player. He plays for Le Mans.
Club career statistics
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Le Havre||Division 2||24||5
|-
|2002/03||Division 1||30||2
|-
|2003/04||Liverpool||Premier League||13||0
|-
|2004/05||Saint-Etienne||Ligue 1||7||1
|-
|2004/05||Liverpool||Premier League||4||0
|-
|2005/06||Sunderland||Premier League||27||3
|-
|2006/07||Sochaux-Montbeliard||Ligue 1||25||4
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Le Mans||rowspan="3"|Ligue 1||26||5
|-
|2008/09||34||6
|-
|2009/10||||
146||23
44||3
190||26
|}
1984 births
Living people
French footballers
Irina Popova

Popova Irina Fedorovna (; born September 28, 1961) is a Russian sinologist and historian, Doctor of Sciences (2000), Director of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint-Petersburg (since April 2003), Head of the Department of Manuscripts and Documents of the IOM RAS, Full Professor in St Petersburg State University
Popova was a visiting scholar with the Center for Chinese Studies in Taipei (Taiwan), the Pennsylvania University (USA), School Nordic Institute of Asian Studies (Copenhagen, Denmark), Peking University (China).
Education
Popova graduated in 1983 from the St Petersburg State University, Faculty of Asian and African Studies, Department of the History of Far East; completed her Ph.D. in 1989 at Russian Academy of Sciences, holds Doctor of Sciences degree in history (2000) from the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Subject of her Ph.D. thesis: "Rules for Emperors" ("Ti-fan") by T'ang T'ai-tsung as a source on the Chinese Political Thought of the 7th century" (in Russian); subject of Doctoral thesis: "The Theory of the State Rulership in the Early T'ang China" (in Russian).
Research interests and major contributions
Chinese history and historiography; Dunhuang and Central Asian studies;
political thought, government and administrative system of pre-modern China;
Tang studies; history of Oriental studies; textual research; bibliography.
Basing primarily on the documents of the Tang dynasty, Popova has contributed into the study of the imperial rulership in medieval China and into the study of the interinfluence of the political practice and imperial ideology in pre-modern China; she has introduced into the academic use the original documents from Dunhuang and Turfan, Chinese epigraphic texts, visual sources on the history of Qing dynasty, archival material on the history of Russian expeditions in Central Asia and history of the Oriental studies
Publications
200 articles, 5 monographs (3 in cooperation with other researchers) and 10 edited collections of articles
Membership in Editorial Boards
Head of the Editorial Board of the periodicals: "Pis'mennye pamiatniki Vostoka", "Written Monuments of the Orient", "Strany i narody Vostoka" ("Countries and Peoples of Orient"), "Tulufan janjiu", "Minzu guji yanjiu", "Zhongguo lishi gudai wenxian" (China), "Studia Orientalia Slovaca" (University of Bratislava, Slovakia), "Shygys-Orient" (Kazakhstan); Deputy Head of the Editorial Board of the academic series "Pamiatniki pismennosti Vostoka' (Written Monuments in the Oriental Scripts)
Awards
2013 - St Petersburg City Government Prize in science and engineering (Prize
in philology named after S.F. Oldenburg);
2016 - Honorary rank "Yangzi Scholar" Chang Jiang Xue Zhe by Ministry
of Education of China.
Honorary Professor of Lanzhou University (China), Ningxia University (China), Shandong
University (China), Minzu University of China (Beijing, China), Shaanxi Normal
University (Xi'an, China); honorary doctor of the Institute of History of the Academy of Social Sciences of China
1961 births
Living people
Russian historians
Hanger Lane gyratory

The Hanger Lane gyratory is a multi-lane gyratory that is the shape of a rectangle. The Western Avenue (A40) goes under the gyratory. The A40 meets with the North Circular (A406) and the Ealing Road towards Wembley. It is in the north of the borough of Ealing in west London.
The junction covers about . At rush hour, it carries nearly 10,000 vehicles per hour. The Central line passes under the gyratory. Hanger Lane tube station takes up some of the middle of the gyratory. The rest of the middle has some service buildings and a nature reserve. The nature reserve is a Site of Importance for Nature Conservation.
History
The junction became a gyratory in the 1980s. In December 2007, it was named Britain's scariest junction. The High Speed 2 railway could have caused the gyratory to be remodelled.
References
Transport in the London Borough of Ealing
Emilio Bianchi Di Cárcano

Emilio Bianchi Di Carcano (April 5, 1930 - August 2, 2021) was an Argentine Roman Catholic priest. He was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Azul from 1982 to 2006, and Bishop emeritus of Azul until his death in August 2021. Bianchi di Carcano was born in Buenos Aires. He became a priest in 1960.
Bianchi Di Carcano died in Buenos Aires on August 2, 2021, at the age of 91.
References
1930 births
2021 deaths
Argentine Roman Catholic bishops
People from Buenos Aires
Julius Dorpmüller

Julius Dorpmuller (24 July 1869 in Elberfeld - 5 July 1945 in Malente) was the German minister of transport between 1937 and 1945. He was a member of the Cabinet Hitler. From 1926 to 1945, he was the Director-general of the "Deutsche Reichsbahn".
1869 births
1945 deaths
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians of the Nazi Party
A836 road

The A836 is a main road that runs along the north coast of Scotland mostly in Caithness and Sutherland in the Highland Council Area. It runs from John O' Groats to Tongue along the coast before turning south towards Lairg. It ends when it reaches the A99 just west of Tain. It was built in 1922. It is long.
References
Roads in the United Kingdom
Communes of the Gironde department

There are 542 communes in the Gironde departement, in France.
Gironde
Dietrich, Idaho

Dietrich is a city in Idaho in the United States. In 2010 census, there were 332 people living there.
References
Other websites
dietrichidaho.com - city information
Cities in Idaho
Oakdale, California

Oakdale is a city in the San Joaquin Valley and Stanislaus County, California. As of the 2020 census, 23,181 people lived there. It is about northeast of Modesto.
References
Cities in California
Settlements in Stanislaus County, California
Prunoy

Prunoy is a former commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Charny-Oree-de-Puisaye.
References
INSEE
Former communes in Yonne
Construction worker

A construction worker is someone whose job is to work on a construction site where structures such as bridges or houses are being built. Construction workers use many types of tools (such as shovels and wrenches) and operate machines and vehicles such as trucks and bulldozers. Working as a construction worker can be dangerous, because a person could fall, or have a heavy object fall on them. Construction workers have to wear safety clothing to protect themselves, such as leather work boots with a metal toe, plastic construction hats or helmets, and goggles to protect their eyes. Many construction workers also wear brightly coloured orange safety vests, so that drivers and other construction workers will be able to see them.
Examples of structures are:
Bridges
Buildings
Dams
Towers
Also built on construction sites are:
Airports
Railway lines
Roads
Tunnels
Construction occupations
Decathlon (retailer)

Decathlon SE is a French sporting goods retailer founded by Michel Leclercq in 1976. It is the largest sporting goods retailer in the world, with over 2,080 stores in 56 countries and regions. The company manages its research, design, production, logistics, and distribution in-house, partners with global suppliers, and markets its own brands directly to consumers in Decathlon-branded big-box stores.
History
Decathlon started with a store in Lille, France, and expanded abroad to Germany in 1986, Spain in 1992, Italy in 1993, Belgium in 1997, and many other countries in subsequent years. The company employs more than 87,000 staff from 80 different nationalities and markets its products under more than 20 brands. Its research and development facilities are located across France, where the company develops its product designs, registering up to 40 patents per year. In January 2022, Decathlon named Barbara Martin Coppola as its new global CEO. Decathlon is an official partner of the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
References
1970s establishments in France
1976 establishments in Europe
Manufacturing companies of France
Retail companies of France
Ngozi Province

Ngozi Province is one of the 18 provinces of Burundi. The capital city is also named Ngozi.
The name Ngozi means blessing.
Communes
It is divided into the following communes:
Commune of Busiga
Commune of Gashikanwa
Commune of Kiremba
Commune of Marangara
Commune of Mwumba
Commune of Ngozi
Commune of Nyamurenza
Commune of Ruhororo
Commune of Tangara
Provinces of Burundi
Clio, Michigan

Clio is a city in Genesee County, Michigan, United States.
Cities in Michigan
Aswan Low Dam

The Aswan Low Dam or Old Aswan Dam is a dam across the Nile River in Aswan, Egypt. It is built of masonry and held in place just by gravity. It was the first dam across the Nile, and was built by the British between 1899 and 1902. When it was done, it was the largest masonry dam in the world. This type of dam is called a buttress dam.
The dam was built at the former first cataract of the Nile, and is about 1000 km up-river and 690 km (direct distance) south-southeast of Cairo. When initially constructed between 1899 and 1902, nothing of its scale had ever been attempted.
The dam was designed to provide storage of annual floodwater. The water was used to help dry season flow and support more irrigation. Its height was originally limited because of concern for the Temple of Isis at Phillae (Philae Temple). That temple was later moved to Agilkia Island in Lake Nasser.
The dam provided inadequate storage capacity for planned development and was raised twice, between 1907-1912 and again 1929-1933. These heightenings still did not meet irrigation demands and in 1946 it was nearly over-topped by water in an effort to maximize pool elevation.
This eventually led to the construction of the Aswan High Dam upstream.
The second function of the dam is to provide electricity. The dammed water drives a water turbine and generator. It still works today. This technology (hydroelectricity) had been invented in the 19th century in England and Germany, and was by 1900 used in the USA and most European countries.
Egypt got access to the technology because she was, at that time, under British control. The Khedive was Abbas II, who usually had to do what the British wanted.
References
Buildings and structures in Egypt
Dams in Africa
Nile
1902 establishments
1900s establishments in Egypt
George Segal

George Segal, Jr. (February 13, 1934 - March 23, 2021) was an American movie, television, stage, voice actor, comedian, and musician who was known for his roles in; Retired at 35, Just Shoot Me!, Who's Afraid of Virginia the Wolf, The Quiller Memorandum, Look Who's Talking, and Fun with Dick and Jane. Segal won a Golden Globe Award in 1973.
Early life
Segal was born on February 13, 1934 in Great Neck, New York and studied at George School, Haverford College, and at Columbia University.
Personal life
Segal was married to Marion Segal Freed from 1956 until they divorced in 1981. He later married Linda Rogoff from 1983 until her death in 1996. He was later married to Sonia Schultz Greenbaum 1996 until his death. He had two children with Freed.
Segal died at a hospital in Santa Rosa, California on March 23, 2021 from problems caused by heart surgery, aged 87.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Deaths from heart failure
Actors from New York (state)
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New York (state)
Musicians from New York (state)
People from Great Neck, New York
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Fire blanket

A fire blanket is a type of blanket that can be used to put out a fire. A fire blanket includes fire-resistant material to prevent it from burning when it is being used.
Like the fire extinguisher, it is a fire safety material. It can be used in high temperatures.
Firefighting
Home
Scottish Cup

The Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup (usually known as the Scottish Cup) is the national football cup competition of Scotland. The trophy is the oldest football national trophy in the world.
History
The Scottish Cup started in the 1873-74 season, and 16 teams played to try to win it. The trophy was first won by Queen's Park when they beat Clydesdale 2-0 in the final in front of a crowd of 3,000 people. While the FA Cup is the oldest cup competition in the world, the trophy awarded to the Scottish Cup winners is the oldest trophy, being minted in 1885.
References
Football competitions in the United Kingdom
Football in Scotland
Evangelos Zappas

Evangelis or Evangelos Zappas (; ; 23 August 1800 - 19 June 1865) was a Greek patriot, philanthropist and businessman who established the modern Olympic Games.
Biography
Early life
Evangelis Zappas was born to a Greek family on August 23, 1800 in the village of Labovo in the Ottoman Empire. His parents were Vasileios and Sotira Zappas. Zappas received no education during his youth. At 13, he left his village and worked as a mercenary in the Ottoman militia of Ali Pasha. Zappas was involved in the Filiki Eteria, a Greek patriotic organization, and served in the Greek War of Independence when it started in 1821. He claimed to have been wounded five times during the war. Zappas later moved to Wallachia in 1831 and made a fortune in land and agriculture. In the 1850s, Zappas became one of the wealthiest businessmen in Eastern Europe. The value of his whole fortune was calculated at six million gold drachmas.
Revival of the Olympic Games
Zappas was a nationalist inspired to revive the Olympic Games by Panagiotis Soutsos, a Greek poet. He sent a letter in 1856 to King Otto of Greece offering to pay to restore the Olympics. The first modern Olympic Games were held on November 15, 1859 in Athens, Greece. And just like in the ancient Olympics, the athletes competed in running, discus throwing, javelin throwing, wrestling, jumping, and pole-climbing. Zappas died on June 19, 1865 with no children. His money was used for developing athletic buildings in Athens, as well as for continuing the Olympic Games. He left instructions for the building of the Zappeion Exhibition and Conference Center named in both his honour and in the honour of his cousin, Konstantinos Zappas.
Legacy
Evangelos Zappas made several donations to Greek schools, libraries and scholarships. He also financed the Romanian Academy where he has a statue there today. Zappas also funded a Romanian dictionary, a newspaper and books in the Albanian language, and research on the history of the Romanian people.
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
Other websites
University of Florida (Gainesville) - Professor David C. Young Lifetime Achievement Award (includes long list of useful source references concerning the revival of the Olympic Games in modern times)
Testaments of Evangelis and Konstantinos Zappas. (Greek)
1800 births
1865 deaths
Greek people
Olympic Games
Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa

Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is a Spanish mission. It was founded by Father Junipero Serra in 1772. It is on the central coast of California, halfway between San Diego and Monterey. It was named after Saint Louis, the bishop of Toulouse. It was the fifth of twenty-one missions in California. Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is noted for its beautiful architectural features, mission life, and historical events.
Design
Mission San Luis Obispo is different from all the other' missions' because it is one of the smallest and has a unique design. The design has both belfry (a bell tower) and a vestibule, which is an entrance hall between the outer door and the interior of a building. These are not found on any of the other California missions. The main nave (the long entrance part of the church) is long and narrow. At San Luis Obispo there is a secondary nave that is the same size and at the right of the altar. This is the only "L"-shaped mission church. Windows around the courtyard have round pillars with square opening, unlike the arches of other missions. San Luis Obispo is painted white and is surrounded by gardens, wine vineyards, and a fountain.
Mission Life
Mission life was hard for the California Indians because they had to work hard and study Catholic Religon.
Women had to cook, sew, garden, and make candles and soap. Men had to farm and care for the animals while the older people had to fish and make arrows. The children attended church every day to study Catholicism. When their studies were done they would work hard helping their families. The Spanish introduced the gun to the Chumash. The Hupa were grateful for the Spaniard guns as they depended on them for hunting bears for food. The Chumash helped these Spaniards build the missions and take care of it and its surrounding
Other hostile Indians attacked San Luis Obispo on three separate occasions before 1774. During the attack, the thatched roofs of the mission buildings were set afire by blazing arrows. In May 1807, the mission was designated as one of six in which the California priests could make their annual retreats for spiritual exercises. Following Mexico's war against Spain in 1810, all the California missions were forced to contribute food and clothing to the army. In 1830, the bell tower was destroyed in an earthquake, but was later rebuilt with stone.
Today, the mission serves as a parish church of the diocese of Monterey.
References
Title: The Missions of California Mission San Louis Obispo de Tolosa
Author: Mary Null Boule
Publisher: Meryant Publishing Inc.
Date: July 1988
Placed Published: Vashon, Washington
Mission San Louis Obispo de Tolosa (http://www.missionsanluisobispo.org/)
Retrieved: February 15, 2009
Mission San Louis Obispo de Tolosa (http://www.californias-missions.org/individual/mission_slo.htm)
Retrieved: February 15, 2009
Churches in the United States
Museums in California
1772 establishments in North America
History of California
18th-century establishments in California
Orlando Bloom

Orlando Jonathan Blanchard Bloom (born 13 January 1977, in Canterbury, Kent, England) is an English actor. He is most known for his first major movie role as the elf Legolas Greenleaf in The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy.
In 1993, he moved to London to improve his career, doing bit parts in TV series like Casualty. Then he played some theatres like The Seagull, Twelfth Night, and Trojan Women. This is a role that he received some days before graduating the drama school in London.
Movies
Here are some movies, in which he played an important character:
Wilde (1997)
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
Black Hawk Down (2002)
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
Ned Kelly (2003)
The Calcium Kid (2003)
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
Troy (2004)
Haven (2004)
Kingdom of Heaven (2005)
Elizabethtown (2005)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007)
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013)
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017)
Other websites
1977 births
Living people
Actors from Kent
English movie actors
English television actors
Canterbury
Military surplus

Military surplus refers to the quantities of military issued items that are more than what the military needs at the time. Often, these excess items are sold at auctions or specialized stores.
Military
Bupropion

Bupropion, also sold as Wellbutrin or Zyban, is an antidepressant. It is also used to help people quit smoking. Bupropion is different from other antidepressants because it does not often cause weight gain or sleepiness. However, it has a higher chance of causing seizures than other antidepressants.
Common side effects of bupropion are having a dry mouth, nausea, lack of sleep, a lot of sweating, anxiety and constipation (difficulty pooping). It can also increase blood pressure. Using bupropion while pregnant can give the baby congenital heart defects.
Bupropion was made by Nariman Mehta in 1969. It was first used in the United States in 1985. Bupropion was first called amfebutamone, but it was renamed in 2000. In 2020, it had more than 25 million prescriptions in the United States.
References
Addiction
Drugs used in psychiatry
Organonitrogen compounds
Organochlorides
Gonadarche

Gonadarche refers to the first gonadal changes of puberty. The ovaries in girls and the testes in boys begin to grow and increase the production of the sex steroids.
References
Human body features
Goodbye

Goodbye is a word used to express good wishes when parting. It may originate from the phrase "God be with you".
Goodbye can also mean:
Music
Goodbye (Cream album), an album by Cream
Goodbye (Ben & Jason album), an album by Ben & Jason
Goodbye (Dubstar album), an album by Dubstar
Goodbye (Ulrich Schnauss album), an upcoming album by Ulrich Schnauss
"Goodbye", a song written by Lennon-McCartney in 1968 and recorded by Mary Hopkin on the Apple Records label
"Goodbye" (Elton John song), a song written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin
"Goodbye" (Spice Girls song), a 1998 single by Spice Girls
"Goodbye", a 2002 song by Mudvayne from their album The End of All Things to Come
"Goodbye?", a 2005 song by Grandaddy
"Goodbye" (Def Leppard song), a single by Def Leppard
"Goodbye", a song by Gravity Kills from their album Gravity Kills
"Good Bye", a song by Japanese musician hide from the album Psyence
"Goodbye", a song by Night Ranger from their 1985 album Seven Wishes
"Goodbye" (Tevin Campbell song), a 1992 single by Tevin Campbell
"Goodbye" (The Corrs song), a 2006 single by The Corrs
"Goodbye", a 2006 single by Army of Anyone from their album Army of Anyone
"Goodbye" (Everlife song), a 2007 single by Everlife
"Goodbye" (Eurovision song), the Bosnian and Herzegovinian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997, performed by Alma Cardzic.
Index (publishing)

An index is a detailed list of information in a printed publication. This information can include names of people, places, things, events, or ideas that a reader may want to find. Next to each name is a page number.
In a printed book, the index is found at the end. It should not be mixed up with the table of contents, which is placed near the beginning of the book. The table of contents gives the order of chapters within the book. The index is different from the table of contents because it gives the page location of detailed information inside the book.
The words in an index are given in alphabetical order, first words beginning with A, then with B, then with C, and so forth.
Indexing as we know it today had to grow over a long time of history. It depended on the invention of the alphabet. It depended on the invention of the book (or codex, at first). And, as we have it today, it depended on the invention of the printed book. Gutenberg's printing press of around 1440 made this possible. The first printed index is found in St. Augustine's De arte praedicandi. This book was made in the early 1460s in Mainz, Germany by the printers of the Gutenberg bible.
Indexes today are usually made by paid professionals who are hired by the publisher when the book is ready to be printed. Often these indexers are members of professional groups, such as the Society of Indexers in Britain or the American Society for Indexing.
Related Pages
Book
Page
Bible
Chapter (books)
References
Book terminology
Vice and Virtue

Vice and Virtue (original French title: Le Vice et la Vertu) is a 1963 French Italian World War II movie directed by Roger Vadim and starring Annie Girardot, Robert Hossein, Catherine Deneuve, Philippe Lemaire, Luciana Paluzzi, Valeria Ciangottini, Jean-Daniel Simon.
Other websites
1963 war movies
French movies
Italian movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Roger Vadim
Lu'an

Lu'an (), is a prefecture-level city in western Anhui province, People's Republic of China, bordering Henan to the northwest and Hubei to the southwest. At the 2010 census, it had a total population of 5,612,590, whom 1,644,344 lived in the built-up area made of 2 urban districts. Neighbouring prefecture-level cities are the provincial capital of Hefei to the east, Anqing to the south, Huanggang (Hubei) and Xinyang (Henan) to the west, and Huainan and Fuyang to the north. Although the character "" (literally: "six") is normally pronounced "Liu", in this case it changes to "Lu" on account of the historical literary reading.
References
Other websites
Government website of Lu'an
Cities in China
Anhui
Suddenly, Last Summer

Suddenly, Last Summer is a 1959 British American psychological drama movie directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and based on the play of the same name by Tennessee Williams. It stars Elizabeth Taylor, Katharine Hepburn, Montgomery Clift, Albert Dekker and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 3 Oscars at the Academy Awards in 1960.
Other websites
1959 drama movies
American drama movies
American LGBT movies
British drama movies
British LGBT movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies set in New Orleans
Movies set in Spain
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies about psychiatry
Movies about cannibalism
Douglas Mawson

Sir Douglas Mawson OBE FRS FAA (1882-1958) was an Australian geologist, Antarctic explorer and academic. Mawson was a key expedition leader during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. The other key leaders were Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton.
Mawson was born in Shipley, West Yorkshire on 5 May 1882. When he was only two years old, his family immigrated to Australia and settled in Rooty Hill, New South Wales. He went to Fort Street Model School. Then he studied at the University of Sydney, where he graduated in 1902 with a Bachelor of Engineering. Mawson spent his life on Antarctic expeditions and academic work. He died in Brighton, South Australia on 14 October 1958.
1882 births
1958 deaths
Australian explorers
Fellows of the Royal Society
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Adelaide
Knights Bachelor
English explorers
Phoumi Vongvichit

Phoumi Vongvichit (6 April 1909 - 7 January 1994) was a Laotian politician. From 1986 to 1991, he was the acting President of Laos.
Other websites
Lao Cultural Profiles
Obituary by Martin Stuart-Fox
New York Times, January 12, 1994
1909 births
1994 deaths
Presidents of Laos
Li Na (tennis)

Li Na (born February 26, 1982) is a Chinese retired professional tennis player. As of January 2014, Li has won 9 WTA and 19 ITF singles titles.
On September 19, 2014, Li announced that she was retiring from tennis after she had missed the US Open Series because of a left knee injury.
References
Other websites
Li Na at Sina Weibo
1982 births
Australian Open champions
Chinese sportspeople
Female tennis players
French Open champions
Living people
Potsdam (township), North Dakota

Potsdam is a township in North Dakota.
Transport
Road
Highway 281 passes through Potsdam.
North Dakota townships
List of colleges in Bangladesh

Colleges in Bangladesh are Higher Secondary schools for last two years of 12 academic year long school education.
After finishing Secondary education (10th Grade/SSC/Equivalent) students get admitted to these colleges to study for 11th and 12th Grade. Students graduate from the colleges or higher secondary schools after passing in the HSC/Equivalent Examination.
This is a list of Colleges in Bangladesh. The syllabus most common in usage is the National Curriculum and Textbooks, which has two versions, a Bengali version and an English version. Edexcel and Cambridge syllabus are also used for most of the English-medium schools.
Colleges
Related pages
Education in Bangladesh
List of universities in Bangladesh
List of schools in Bangladesh
References
Other websites
List of Colleges of Bangladesh
Bangladesh-related lists
Echium vulcanorum

Echium vulcanorum is a plant species that belongs to the Boraginaceae family, the borage family. It is found only in the Fogo island, Cape Verde.
It was discovered and named by the French botanist Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier. He found the plant with flowers on July 1934.
Common names
It is locally known as lingua de vaca ("tongue of cow") because their leaves are rough. The same name is used for the other species of Echium that are found in Cape Verde: Echium hypertropicum and Echium stenosiphon.
Description
It is a shrub with many branches, up to 1.5-2 m tall. The stems are covered with many hairs. The leaves are lanceolates (pointed at both ends) up to 10 cm long and 1.5 wide.
The flowers are in dense inflorescences (groups of flowers), almost conical, up to 18 cm long, with white flowers with blue stripes.
Where it grows
Echium vulcanorum is endemic of the Cape Verdean island of Fogo on the volcano Pico do Fogo. It occurs on volcanic soils of Fogo Island, mainly as two populations at Monte Losna/Pico Novo, where they can be found at about 1700 m, and in the border of the crater of the Pico do Fogo (the Bordeira region ) at altitudes between 2200 and 2400 m. A small population was also reported in Cha das Caldeiras (+-1600 m). These populations exist generally in places facing to the southwest or the southeast. It prefers soils with a recent volcanic origin.
Conservation
Echium vulcanorum is used for the production of firewood (dry wood that will be burned) and destroyed by goats, so this species, as well as the other two Echium species of Cape Verde, is seriously threatened, so that measures for its protection should be taken with urgency.
Some conservation actions have been done at the Bordeira region (in the Natural Park of Fogo Island) and now there is a population with a relatively high number of individuals.
References
Other websites
Echium vulcanorum at NCBI, retrieved on 19 August 2013
Echium vulcanorum at uBio, retrieved on 19 August 2013
Boraginaceae
Cape Verde
Gustave Eiffel

Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (December 15, 1832 - December 27, 1923; , ) was a French structural engineer and architect. He is known for designing the Eiffel Tower. He also designed the armature (supporting framework) for the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, United States.
References
1832 births
1923 deaths
French engineers
People from Dijon
Civil engineers
Paul Danahy

Paul William Danahy Jr. (April 19, 1928 - February 1, 2022) was an American Democratic politician and lawyer. He was in the Florida House of Representatives from 1967 to 1974. He was later a judge on the Florida District Court of Appeals. Danahy was born in Hopkinton, Massachusetts.
Danahy died in Tampa, Florida on February 1, 2022, at the age of 93.
References
1928 births
2022 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Massachusetts
Lawyers from Massachusetts
Politicians from Florida
Lawyers from Florida
American judges
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Gulf Stream, Florida

Gulf Stream is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 716 at the 2000 census.
References
Towns in Florida
Palm Beach County, Florida
Fort Gibson, Oklahoma

Fort Gibson is a town in Cherokee and Muskogee counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 4,054 at the 2000 census. It is the oldest town in Oklahoma, it was established in 1824. It is the location of Fort Gibson National Cemetery. It is near to the end of the Cherokees' Trail of Tears at Tahlequah.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Folklore

Folklore is part of the culture of a group of people. It may include stories, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, and popular beliefs. This also includes the oral traditions of that culture. The academic study of folklore is sometimes called folkloristics. Folkloristics is often ethnographic.
Little Red Riding Hood is a famous folktale in European culture.
References
Folklore
98 Degrees

98 Degrees (stylized as 98deg) is a Grammy-nominated American pop and contemporary R&B band. The group is made up of four vocalists: Justin Jeffre, Jeff Timmons and brothers Nick and Drew Lachey. It was formed by Timmons in Los Angeles, California. All members of the group come from Ohio.
Instead of being assembled by a record label or a producer like most boy bands, 98 Degrees formed independently. They joined a record label later.
The group has sold over 10 million records across the world. They have had eight top 40 singles in the United States.
Songs from 98 Degrees include "This Gift", "True to Your Heart" and "Invisible Man". In 1999 the group released the album This Christmas. It sold over one million copies.
In 2002, the group took a break from recording and touring. In 2012, they got back together. In May 2013, they released a new album, 2.0.
Albums
Self-Titled (1996)
98deg (1997)
98deg and Rising (1998)
This Christmas (1999)
Revelation (2000)
2.0 (2013)
Let It Snow (2017)
References
American R&B bands
American pop music groups
American boy bands
1996 establishments in California
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Izmailovo Kremlin

The Izmailovo Kremlin (Kreml' v Izmailovo) is a cultural, commercial and entertainment complex in north-east of Moscow built in the years 1998-2007. It is a wooden building, stylized for Russian architecture. the complex have seven museums and exhibition grounds: the Museum of Russian Folk Toys, the Museum of the Founding of the Russian Navy, the Museum of the History of Russian Vodka, the Museum of Bread, the Museum of Chocolate, the Museum of Miniatures - "World History in Plasticine," the Moscow Museum of Animation, and also a exhibitions "Japan. Dolls, fairy tales, legends.
Gallery
Related pages
Kyivan Rus Park
Other websites
The Izmailovo Kremlin - Official website
Buildings and structures in Moscow
Museums in Europe
Simone Battle

Simone Sherise Battle (June 17, 1989 - September 5, 2014) was an American actress and singer. She was a finalist on The X Factor in 2011. She was best known for being a member of the pop girl group G.R.L. from 2013 until her death. She worked with Robin Antin and The Pussycat Dolls. She also acted in the television series Everybody Hates Chris and Zoey 101. She also appeared in the movie We the Party (2012).
Battle was born in Los Angeles, California. She was an actress before becoming a singer.
Battle died on September 5, 2014 at her home in West Hollywood, California, aged 25. Her death was ruled a suicide by hanging.
References
Other websites
1989 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors who committed suicide
African American actors
African-American singers
American movie actors
American pop singers
American television actors
Musicians who committed suicide
Singers from Los Angeles
Suicides by hanging in the United States
Suicides in California
Montvale, New Jersey

Montvale is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 7,844.
References
Boroughs in New Jersey
Peter MacKay

Peter Gordon MacKay (born September 27, 1965) is a Canadian lawyer and politician. He was a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2015. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General (2013-2015), Minister of National Defence (2007-2013), and Minister of Foreign Affairs (2006-2007) in the Cabinet of Canada under Prime Minister Stephen Harper. MacKay was the last leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. He was the one that made the choice to combine the party with Harper's Canadian Alliance party in 2003 to create the Conservative Party of Canada.
Before becoming a politician, MacKay was a lawyer in Nova Scotia. He was one of the Crown Attorneys in the province. MacKay was the Member of Parliament for the electoral area of Pictou--Antigonish--Guysborough from 1997 to 2004 and Central Nova from 2004 to 2015. For the 2015 election, he said that he would not try to be elected again.
In January 2020, MacKay announced his candidacy for Conservative Party leader in the 2020 leadership election. He lost the election to Erin O'Toole.
References
Other websites
1965 births
Living people
Canadian lawyers
Canadian diplomats
Canadian politicians
People from Nova Scotia
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Canadian King's Counsel
Defragmentation

Defragmentation is a process that happens with digital files. Files are usually stored in one part. When a disk drive fills up, finding an empty space that is large enough becomes more difficult. When this happens, the file is split into different parts, and each part is stored on a different place in the disk. That process is known as fragmentation. Fragmentation happens because different parts of a file are not stored next to each other. When the file is read, the different parts must be assembled. Fragmented files are take longer to assemble. Files that are stored in one part can be read faster. Defragmentation reverses fragmentation and puts the file into one piece.
The process
Defragmentation is the process of rearranging the different parts, so that they are stored next to each other. This is usually done by copying them to a different place on the disk. Defragmentation is relevant to file systems on electromechanical disk drives. To read each part, the head of the hard disk needs to reposition itself to the area where the part is stored.
The problem of defragmentation is that it is takes a long time and in some cases, the file system cannot be changed while it is in progress. For that reason, defragmentation should not be done, when it can be avoided.
There are different kinds of files, some of them are modified more often. It is often a good practice to put them on different partitions, as most Unix-like operating systems do. Also, the design of hard drives has changed over time, which will make the effects of defragmentation less visible.
Media that uses flash memory, such as solid-state disks, do not benefit from defragmentation, as there are no moving parts than need to be re-positioned.
Computing
T. J. Hughes

T. J. Hughes is a British discount store brand which started in Liverpool in 1912. Thomas J. Hughes set up a small shop on Liverpool's London Road. He had been an apprentice at the drapery firm Owen Owen. Owen Owen bought part of the business in 1925. It expanded and was floated on the London Stock Exchange in May 1992. JJB Sports bought it in March 2002 for PS42 million. In June 2011, TJ Hughes Limited announced that it was insolvent, putting 4,000 jobs at risk. Lewis Home Retail bought it. They kept the stores in Liverpool, Eastbourne, Glasgow, Sheffield, Newcastle and Widnes. 73 stores closed.
Since then it has opened and closed various new sites and as of 2023 trades from 14 stores. It started selling online in 2005
References
Retail companies of the United Kingdom
2017 Asian Rowing Championships

The 2017 Asian Rowing Championships were the 18th Asian Rowing Championships and took place from September 4-8, 2017, in Klong Phai Water Sport Training Centre, Pattaya, Thailand.
Medal table
References
Other websites
Asian Rowing Fedeation
Asian Rowing Championships
Plumstead

Plumstead is an area in London, in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It is near the Thames.
Its nearest places are Woolwich, Welling, Thamesmead, Kidbrooke and Eltham.
Plumstead has a railway station.
References
Areas of London
125th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)

125th Street is an express station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway . Located at the intersection of 125th Street and Lexington Avenue in East Harlem. It is served by the 4 , 5 and 6 trains .
It connects to Metro North .
This station is for 4 , 5 and 6 trains .
After this station , the next stations will be 3rd Avenue and 116th Street .
New York City Subway stations
Eomaia

Eomaia ('dawn mother') is an early fossil eutherian mammal. It is exceptionally well-preserved for a 125 million-year-old specimen.
It was discovered in rocks of the Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China. These strata date to the Lower Cretaceous about 125 million years ago (mya).
The fossil is in length and virtually complete. It weighed between . Although the fossil's skull is squashed flat, its teeth, tiny foot bones, cartilages and even its fur are visible.
Eomaia is a eutherian. The eutherians are the placental mammals plus some extinct mammals which had not developed a placenta.
What distinguishes the Eutheria from metatherians, a group that includes modern marsupials, are various features of the feet, jaws and teeth.
However Eomaia is not a true placental mammal as it lacks some features that are specific to placentals.
Eomaia has:
variations in the shin and ankles.
an ancestral eutherian dental formula.
a wide opening at the bottom of the pelvis, which allows the birth of large, well-developed offspring. Marsupials have and non-placental eutherians had a narrower opening that allows only small, immature offspring to pass through.
Eomaia has epipubic bones extending forwards from the pelvis. These are not found in any placental mammal, but are found in all other mammals, even in the cynodont therapsids that are closest to mammals. Their function is to stiffen the body during locomotion. This stiffening would be harmful in pregnant placentals, whose abdomens need to expand.
Its discoverers sampled 268 characters from all major Mesozoic mammal clades and principal eutherian families of the Cretaceous period. As a result, they claimed Eomaia is at the root of the eutherian "family tree" with a few other fossils.
The Eomaia fossil shows clear traces of hair. However this is not the earliest clear evidence of hair in the mammalian lineage, as fossils of the docodont Castorocauda, discovered in rocks dated to about 164 mya, also have traces of fur.
Related pages
Juramaia
Sinodelphys
References
Other websites
New Scientist article on original find.
Nat. Geo. article
Mammals
Fossils
Cretaceous
China
Stephen Reinhardt

Stephen Roy Reinhardt (March 27, 1931 - March 29, 2018) was an American circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit serving from 1980 until his death in 2018. He was the last federal appeals court judge in active service to have been appointed by President Jimmy Carter. He was a Democrat. Reinhardt was born in New York City.
Reinhardt died in Los Angeles, California on March 29, 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 87.
References
1931 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American judges
Politicians from New York City
Politicians from Los Angeles
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Jonathan Nolan

Jonathan Nolan (born 6 June 1976) is a British-American author and screenwriter. He is the brother of movie director Christopher Nolan. Jonathan Nolan's story Memento Mori was made into a critically acclaimed movie Memento. He has also co-written screenplays for The Prestige and The Dark Knight Trilogy, with his brother. In movie credits, his name has appeared as Jonah.
Early life
He was born in London, England, to an English father and American mother. He was raised in the Chicago area. Nolan attended Loyola Academy in Illinois. He graduated from there in 1994, and then graduated from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., in 1999. In this university, he studied English and was a staff writer for The Hoya.
His brother, Christopher, speaks with a British English accent, but Jonathan speaks with an American English accent.
Career
Nolan tells about successful work relationship with his brother in the production notes of The Prestige: "I've always suspected that it has something to do with the fact that he's left-handed and I'm right-handed, because he's somehow able to look at my ideas and flip them around in a way that's just a little bit more twisted and interesting. It's great to be able to work with him like that."
On March 23, 2007, it was announced he would pen Interstellar, a science fiction film. It is based on the theories of Kip Thorne, a theoretical physicist who is known for his theories in gravitation physics and astrophysics and for having trained a generation of scientists. The film was first reported to be directed by Steven Spielberg and eventually settled with Christopher Nolan as director and is released in 2014.
Nolan worked on The Dark Knight Rises. It is the third Batman movie in The Dark Knight Trilogy.
On February 10, 2011, Nolan's TV pilot Person of Interest had been picked up by CBS and plan was to make it in a TV show. The show was officially picked up by CBS on May 13, 2011, and will star Michael Emerson, Jim Caviezel, and Taraji P. Henson. It will be produced by J. J. Abrams. His company Bad Robot Productions will produce it. Nolan will be the executive producer.
Works of fiction
"Memento Mori" (2001 Short Story) the basis of MementoThe Prestige (2006) - screenplay (with Christopher Nolan)The Dark Knight (2008) - screenplay (with Christopher Nolan)Person Of Interest (TV Series 2011-2016) - creator/writerThe Dark Knight Rises'' (2012) - screenplay (with Christopher Nolan)
References
Other websites
Christopher Nolan
Living people
1976 births
Screenwriters from Chicago
Screenwriters from London
British television writers
American television writers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Dún Laoghaire

Dun Laoghaire is the county town of Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown (County Dublin) in Ireland.
References
Other websites
County towns in Ireland
Wentzville, Missouri

Wentzville is a city in St. Charles County, Missouri. The city is a suburb for St. Louis. It was founded in 1855. A 2019 estimate had almost 42,000 people living in the city. It has a tobacco factory.
Cities in Missouri
1855 establishments in Missouri
Shusha District

Shusha (Susa) is a raion of Azerbaijan. It surrounds the city of Shusha. It is under the control of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.
Districts of Azerbaijan
Upper Karabakh Economic Region
Republic of Artsakh
Anna Bergendahl

Anna Henrietta Bergendahl (born December 11, 1991) in Katrineholm, Sweden is a singer and former Idol 2008 contestant. Bergendahl won Melodifestivalen 2010 and represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo. Her song This Is My Life is currently at number one on the Swedish single chart. In Idol 2008 she finished in fifth place.
References
Other websites
1991 births
Living people
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Swedish pop singers
Singers from Stockholm
Swedish composers
Piya Kay Ghar Jaana Hai

Piya Kay Ghar Jaana Hai was a Pakistani drama aired in 2006. The show stars Karanvir Bohra, Cezanne Khan, Imran Abbas and Dipannita Sharma in leads.
2006 television series debuts
Television programs
Entertainment in Pakistan
2000s establishments in Pakistan
2006 establishments in Asia
Saharanpur

Saharanpur is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur district.
Saharanpur is declared as one of the 100 Smart Cities in India by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs as a part of Smart Cities Mission.
References
Cities in Uttar Pradesh
Pont-Canavese

Pont-Canavese is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Settlements in Piedmont