pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Montana

Montana is a state in the United States. Its capital is Helena, and the largest city is Billings. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie.
Montana is the fourth largest state by area, the seventh least populous, and the third least densely populated of the 50 states.
Montana and Canada share a 545-mile (877-km) part of the world's longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. The state borders the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, more provinces than any other U.S. state.
To the east of Montana is North Dakota; to the southeast is a short border with South Dakota. In the south is Wyoming, and on the west and southwest is Idaho.
The first people to settle in Montana were the Native Americans.
Famous Montana people
Former Senate Majority Leader and Ambassador to Japan Mike Mansfield
Jeanette Rankin, first female member of US Congress
Burton K. Wheeler, a progressive senator who was Robert LaFollette's running mate in the 1924 presidential election
Film director David Lynch, four-time Academy Award nominee
Lones Wigger, three-time Olympic medal winner and who at one point held 29 world records
Phil Jackson, born in Deer Lodge, Montana, won NBA titles eleven times
Katie Blair, model, actress and winner of multiple beauty pageants
Jerry Kramer of the Green Bay Packers
Charles Lindbergh, political activist
Politics
At one point, Montana was liberal in federal elections and conservative in state elections. Today, the opposite is true. Although Montana is very conservative in presidential elections (it has not voted for a Democrat since 1964), it is more liberal than most states in the upper Rocky Mountains region. As one example of this, Montana is represented by one Democrat and one Republican in the Senate. There are no Democratic senators from Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, North Dakota or South Dakota. The Montana House of Representatives, which has 100 members, includes 58 Republicans and 42 Democrats, making it more liberal than any state legislature in Wyoming or Idaho.
Related pages
Colleges and universities in Montana
List of counties in Montana
References
1889 establishments in the United States
Wemaers-Cappel

Wemaers-Cappel is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 254 people lived there.
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro

Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (; 9 September 1918 - 29 January 2012) was an Italian politician. He was the ninth President of the Italian Republic from 1992 to 1999, and later a senator for life.
References
Other websites
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Oscar Luigi Scalfaro - full access article
La biografia del presidente
1918 births
2012 deaths
Presidents of Italy
People from Novara
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
Kenneth McAlpine

Kenneth McAlpine, OBE DL (21 September 1920 - 8 April 2023) was a British racing driver. He was born in Cobham, Surrey.
He participated in 7 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 19 July 1952. He scored no championship points.
During the development of the Connaught Racing Team based at Send in Surrey, McAlpine became a considerable financial backer and enjoyed several team owner triumphs including Tony Brooks's memorable F1 victory at Syracuse, Italy in 1955.
McAlpine died on 8 April 2023, at the age of 102.
References
1920 births
2023 deaths
British racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Surrey
David Byrd (politician)

David Byrd (born September 8, 1957) is an American politician and retired basketball coach. He is a Republican. Byrd represented the 71st district of the Tennessee House of Representatives since 2015. He was born in Waynesboro, Tennessee.
On December 10, 2020 Byrd was hospitalized in Waynesboro with COVID-19 and placed in a ventilator.
References
1957 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Tennessee
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Truro Cathedral

Truro Cathedral is the cathedral of the Church of England Diocese of Truro in the city of Truro, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. The Bishop of the diocese is Timothy Martin Thornton. It is one of the three cathedrals in the United Kingdom to have three spires, the other two are Lichfield Cathedral and St Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh. The architect of the cathedral was John Loughborough Pearson and it was built in the Gothic Revival style, 1880-1910. The south aisle of the cathedral was part of the medieval parish church of St Mary.
References
Anglican cathedrals in England
Buildings and structures in Cornwall
Joseph Pérez

Joseph Perez (14 January 1931 - 8 October 2020) was a French historian. His works focused in Spanish history.
Perez's worked in the births of the modern Spanish state and the Latin American nations.
Among his books, he examined the independence movements of Latin America; Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic Monarchs; Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and Philip II of Spain.
References
1931 births
2020 deaths
French historians
Simony

Simony means that one pays for an office or a position in the hierarchy of Christian church. It is an offense against canon law. Simony became widespread in the Catholic Church in the 9th and 10th centuries. The name comes from Simon Magus, who appears in the Acts of the Apostles 8:18-24. Simon Magus offers the disciples of Jesus, Peter and John, payment so that anyone he would place his hands on would receive the power of the Holy Spirit. This is the origin of the term simony. but it also extends to other forms of trafficking for money in "spiritual things".<ref>Smith, W. (1880). A dictionary of Christian antiquities: being a continuation of the 'Dictionary of the Bible. J.B. Burr. "Simony".</ref>
Catholic Church
In the Middle Ages there were problems with simony and accusations of simony, especially during the Investiture Controversy. Rulers wanted to employ the educated and centrally organized clergy in their administrations.
References
Bibliography
Lord Mackay of Clashfern (ed.) (2002) Halsbury's Laws of England, 4th ed. Vol.14, "Ecclesiastical Law", 832 'Penalties and disability on simony'
-- 1359''' 'Simony' (see also current updates)
Weber, N. A. (1913) "Simony", Catholic Encyclopaedia''
Types of crime
Javan hawk-eagle

The Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) is a medium-sized dark brown raptor in the family Accipitridae. The Javan hawk-eagle is the national bird of Indonesia.
The Javan hawk-eagle is believed to be monogamous. The female usually lays one egg in a nest high on top of a forest tree. Their diet consists mainly of birds, lizards, fruit bats and mammals.
Birds of Indonesia
Accipitriformes
National symbols of Indonesia
Qwant

Qwant is a privacy-oriented search engine, originated and hosted in France, and is available in 13 languages. It has over 50 million total visits worldwide.
Search engine
Qwant users can create an account, which allowed them to post on boards using Qwant boards (discontinued). It also allows them to save their preferences.
Qwant was first beta tested on 16 February 2013. The stable version was released on 4 July 2013, with an updated version being released on 17 April 2015.
On 10 December 2014, child-friendly version of Qwant, called Qwant Junior was beta tested in cooperation with the French Ministry of Education. A stable version was later released.
On 5 October 2015, Qwant Lite was released. Qwant Lite is a version of Qwant, specifically made for legacy web browsers.
When the Brave web browser was released in 2017, it featured Qwant as one of the default search engines.
In 2018, the French government declared that all government web searches are going to be made with Qwant.
Parent company
The self titled company, Qwant SAS was founded in February 2011 by Jean-Manuel Rozan, Eric Leandri and Patrick Constan.
It has over 160 employees in Paris, Nice, Ajaccio and Epinal. It also has offices in Germany and Italy.
From 2011 to 2014, Qwant SAS acquired a total of EUR3.5 million.
In 2016, the European Investment Bank invested EUR25 million in Qwant.
Privacy
Qwant offers protections based on the GDPR.
Qwant's Privacy Policy says that "as a principle, Qwant does not collect data about its users when they search". It claims not to use any cookie nor any other tracking technology.
Reception
The New York Times compared Qwant to Quaero, another search engine made to rival Google. Quaero shut down in 2013.
The service received public support from Emmanuel Macron, then Minister of the Economy and Finance and the future President of France.
References
2013 establishments in France
Internet
Search engines
Congress of the Republic of Peru

The Congress of the Republic of Peru () is the unicameral body that is legislative power in Peru.
The current Congress of Peru, sworn in after the 2020 elections, was elected after the dissolution of the previous Congress by President Martin Vizcarra.
Congressmen serve for a five-year term and can be re-elected as many times as they want even though this is very rare. Elections for congress happen at the same time as the election for president.
In 2020, Mirtha Vasquez was elected President of the Congress.
References
Organizations based in Peru
Unicameral legislatures
Erik Gustaf Boström

Erik Gustaf Bernhard Bostrom, born 11 February 1842, dead 21 February 1907, was a Swedish landowner and politician. He was a member of the Swedish Parliament between 1876 and 1907. He was the longest-serving Prime Minister of Sweden of the 19th century. He served in that office twice, first from 1891 to 1900. Then he served again from 1902 to 1905. He was also known as E.G. Bostrom or E. Gust. Bostrom.
References
1842 births
1907 deaths
Government ministers of Sweden
Politicians from Stockholm
Prime Ministers of Sweden
Kinston Indians

The Kinston Indians were a Minor league baseball team in Kinston, North Carolina. The team played in the Carolina League from (1956-1957, 1962-1974 and 1978-2011). Professional baseball in Kinston started in 1908, and there have been many teams since then. 2007 was the twenty-first season the Kinston team had been known as the Indians. Before that they were known as the Eagles and the Blue Jays. The Indians, or K-Tribe as they were nicknamed, played their home games in Grainger Stadium. The Indians' mascot was a dog named Scout.
The Kinston Indians won their league championship in 1988, 1991, 1995, 2004 and 2006.
For the 2012 season the Indians moved to Zebulon, North Carolina to become the Carolina Mudcats. The team still plays in the Carolina League.
Source Materials
- Over the years, this publication has also been known as Carolina League Media Guide and Record Book and Carolina League Directory and Record Book
Sports in North Carolina
Baseball teams in the United States
Bill Slater (footballer)

William John Slater, (29 April 1927 - 18 December 2018), also commonly known as W. J. Slater, was an English professional footballer. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Slater made the majority of his appearances for Wolverhampton Wanderers from 1952 to 1963. He won three league championships and the FA Cup. From 1954 to 1960, he played for the England national football team.
Slater died on 18 December 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease in Brentford, Middlesex, aged 91.
References
Other websites
Wolverhampton Wanderers profile
1927 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in England
English footballers
Sportspeople from Lancashire
You Wear It Well

"You Wear It Well" is a 1972 song by Rod Stewart and was taken from his fourth studio album Never a Dull Moment. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, number 2 in Ireland, number 4 in New Zealand, number 7 in Canada, number 13 in Australia and the United States, number 19 in South Africa and number 35 in Germany. It was covered by The Black Crowes in 2022 for their EP 1972.
References
1972 songs
Rod Stewart songs
The Black Crowes songs
Folk rock songs
Waterloo Bridge

Waterloo Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge crossing the River Thames in London, England between Blackfriars Bridge and Hungerford Bridge.
History
The first bridge on the site was designed in 1809-10 by John Rennie for the Strand Bridge Company and opened in 1817 as a toll bridge. The granite bridge had nine arches, each of span, separated by double Grecian-Doric stone columns and was long, including approaches. Before its opening it was known as 'Strand Bridge'. During the 1840s the bridge gained a reputation as a popular place for suicide attempts. In 1844 Thomas Hood wrote the poem The Bridge of Sighs about the suicide of a prostitute there. Paintings of the bridge were created by the French Impressionist Claude Monet and English Impressionist, John Constable. The bridge was nationalised in 1878 and given to the Metropolitan Board of Works, who removed the toll from it.
In June 2012, the bridge was highlighted on the route of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Pageant on the Thames.
Gallery
Related pages
List of crossings of the River Thames
References
Other websites
Survey of London entry
Peter Lind & Company
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Transport in the City of Westminster
Stone bridges
Concrete bridges
Grade II* listed buildings in London
Cedartown, Georgia

Cedartown is a city in Polk County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 9,750. The city is the county seat of Polk County.
References
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Finke River

The Finke River is one of the largest rivers in central Australia. It starts in the MacDonnell Ranges in the Northern Territory. it is formed where Davenport and Ormiston Creeks join together, just north of Glen Helen. The Finke River flows about 600 km to the western edge of the Simpson Desert in northern South Australia. Usually the river is a collection of waterholes, but it can become a raging torrent during rare flood events. In a big flood water from the Finke River can flow into the Macumba River, and then into Lake Eyre, a total distance of about 750 km. Major tributaries include Ellery Creek, and the Palmer and Hugh Rivers. The Finke River flows through the West MacDonnell and Finke Gorge National Parks.
The Finke River was named by John McDouall Stuart in 1860 after William Finke, an Adelaide man, who was one of the people who paid part of the cost of his expeditions. The indigenous name for the river in parts of the Northern Territory is Larapinta. Larapinta Drive is a road which runs west from Alice Springs, and the Larapinta walking trail.
Age of the Finke River
The Finke River has been called "the oldest river in the world", particularly by tour operators, and in popular books and brochures. In places such as the James Range, the Finke flows through deeply incised meanders (see Google Maps image). Because meanders only form on flat plains, the river must have formed before the ranges were pushed up. This happened in a mountain building event known as the Alice Springs Orogeny which happened between 400 and 300 million years ago, in the Devonian to Carboniferous Periods. Some parts of the river's course must have been already in existence around this time. The southern parts of its course must be much younger because the areas where the Finke now flows near the southern edge of the Northern Territory, and further south, were under the sea during the Mesozoic Era, part of the Great Artesian Basin.
The age of the Finke River is not unique. There are other large mountain-sourced river systems in central Australia including the Todd and Hale Rivers where the mountains were formed at the same time. There are other mountain ranges of equal or greater age to the MacDonnell Ranges, both in Australia and on other continents. The rivers in those areas may have evolved from ancestral streams of the same age or older than the Finke.
References
Rivers of the Northern Territory
Rivers of South Australia
Swiss International Air Lines

Swiss International Air Lines is the flag carrier of Switzerland. It began on March 31, 2002; the day after Swissair declared bankruptcy. The airline has nonstop flights throughout Switzerland, Europe, Africa, America and Asia. It's currently owned by Lufthansa.
References
Star Alliance
2002 establishments in Europe
Airlines of Europe
Transport companies of Switzerland
Basel
IATA members
Uniformitarianism

Uniformitarianism is the idea that the same physical laws of today have always operated. It was the centerpiece of James Hutton's 1795 geology book Theory of the Earth, with proofs and illustrations.
In this work Hutton proposed that the causes acting on the world today also acted in the past. This means that the rocks of the Earth were formed by processes which we can see operating today. These processes, though very slow (gradualism), made the world what it is today. The idea is part of a wider philosophy called the philosophy of naturalism.
The term 'uniformitarianism' was invented by William Whewell in 1837 to describe Hutton's basic idea. This idea is the foundation of modern geology.
Hutton's ideas were popularised by John Playfair in 1802 in Illustrations of the Huttonian theory of the Earth, and by Charles Lyell in his Principles of geology (1830 to 1833). The phrase "the present is the key to the past" is Lyell's most famous quotation.
Uniformitarianism in geology is opposed by catastrophism, the idea that major changes in the Earth take place through sudden and violent events.
References
Philosophy of science
Geology
History of science
Maria Rohm

Maria Rohm (August 13, 1945-June 18, 2018) is an Austrian actress and producer.
1945 births
2018 deaths
Austrian movie actors
Horrorcore

Horrorcore is a type of Hip Hop and rap music that is inspired by horror themed lyrics and horrifying fashion design, Rappers who perform horrorcore can dress in horrific ways or look aggressive or serious or mad and angry. Some popular horrorcore artists are Insane Clown Posse, Hopsin, Twiztid, Necro and Tech N9ne.
Characteristics
Some of the things that horrorcore artist like to talk about are murder, suicide, satanism, self-harm, cannibalism and torture.
Notable Artists
Eminem
King Gordy
Prozak
DMX
Tech N9ne
Hopsin
Lord Infamous
Koopsta Knicca
DJ Paul
Anybody Killa
Blaze Ya Dead Homie
Krizz Kaliko
Jamie Madrox
Monoxide Child
Bizzy Bone
Ill Bill
R.A. the Rugged Man
Krayzie Bone
Cage
Three 6 Mafia
Ganksta N-I-P
Insane Clown Posse
D12
Tyler, The Creator
21 Savage
RZA
Necro
RBX
Kool G Rap
Esham
Juicy J
Scarface
Kool Keith
Brotha Lynch Hung
Bizarre
Big L
X-Raided
Flesh-n-Bone
Hip hop genres
Music genres
Electoral district of Toohey

Toohey is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 2017.
Toohey is in Brisbane.
Election results
References
Toohey
Regions of Mauritania

Mauritania has 15 regions:
Mauritania occupied part of Western Sahara from 1975 to 1979. While there, its part of the area was called Tiris al-Gharbiyya.
The regions are split into 44 departments.
References
Geography of Mauritania
Clarissa

Clarissa is a female given name. It is pronounced [ kluh-ris-uh ]. It comes from the German name Clarice. Clarice, in turn, comes from the Latin word Clarus, which means "bright, clear or famous". Clarissa also has a Greek origin, meaning "brilliant".This name was ranked #946 on the US Popular Names in 2021.
People with the name include Clara Barton, who was born Clarissa Harlowe Barton. A fictional teenage character named Clarissa was played by Melissa Joan Hart in Clarissa Explains It All during the early to mid 1990s.
People
Clarissa Davis (b. 1967), American coach and Women's Basketball hall-of-famer
Clarissa Dickson Wright (1947-2014), English celebrity chef
Clarissa Eden, Countess of Avon (b. 1920)
Clarissa Pinkola Estes (b. 1945), American poet
Charissa Thompson, American sportscaster
Places
Clarissa, Minnesota, a small city in the United States
Science
302 Clarissa, an asteroid
Media
Clarissa (film), a 1941 German film
Clarissa Explains It All, a U.S. television sitcom
Clarissa (TV series)'', a British television drama series
References
Given names
Fontaine-le-Pin

Fontaine-le-Pin is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Alright (Supergrass song)

"Alright" is a 1995 song by English band Supergrass. It was released along its A-side Time and was taken from their debut studio album I Should Coco and was used on the soundtrack to the 1995 movie Clueless. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom and Scotland, number 98 in Australia, number 30 in France, number 6 in Iceland, number 8 in Ireland and the Netherlands.
Track listings
References
1995 songs
Supergrass songs
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of the 1990s (U.S.)

This article is about the American Billboard Hot 100 chart held during the 1990s.
The Billboard Hot 100 chart is the main song chart of the American music industry and is updated every week by the Billboard magazine. During the 1990s the chart was based collectively on each single's weekly physical sales figures and airplay on American radio stations.
Number ones
Key
- Number-one single of the year
Statistics by decade
By artist
The following artists achieved four or more number-one hits during the 1990s. A number of artists had number-one singles on their own as well as part of a collaboration.
Artists by total number of weeks at number one
The following artists were featured in top of the chart for the highest total number of weeks during the 1990s.
Top 10 songs
The following ten songs were rated by Billboard as the best-selling and most-played songs in the US during the 1990s.
Songs by total number of weeks at number one
The following songs were featured in top of the chart for the highest total number of weeks during the 1990s.
References
Lists of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
1990s in music
Juan António Prieto Cardenas

Juan Antonio Prieto Cardenas (born March 6, 1969 in Jaen) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind and a T12/B2 type athlete. He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He raced and finished in finished first in the 4 X 400 meter T11-T13 race and in the 100 meter T12 race. He finished second in the 200 meter T12 race. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the 4 X 100 meter T11-T13 race.
References
Spanish sprinters
Living people
1975 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Sportspeople from Andalusia
Luis Martinetti, Contortionist

Luis Martinetti, Contortionist is a 1894 American silent movie directed by William K.L. Dickson and stars Luis Martinetti.
Actors
Luis Martinetti as Himself
References
Other websites
American movies
1894 movies
American silent movies
Penjing

Penjing (Pen Jing pinyin: pen jing, literally tray scenery), also known as penzai is the ancient Chinese art of growing trees and plants in containers. The plants are kept small by skilled pruning.
Penjing is similar to the Japanese art of bonsai.
History
The first historical reference to penjing is from the 9th century.
Related pages
Bonsai
Chinese scholar's rocks
Suiseki
References
Agriculture
Art
Cook Strait

Cook Strait () is the body of water between the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It connects the Tasman Sea on the west with the South Pacific Ocean on the east.
The strait is named after James Cook, who was the first European commander to sail through it. Its Maori name is Te Moana-o-Raukawa. The strait has an average depth of . The strait can be dangerous and unpredictable, because of the tide patterns and the weather. The most common way to get across is by ferry.
Bodies of water of New Zealand
Harker Heights, Texas

Harker Heights is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Jack Hedley

Jack Snowdon Hawkins (28 October 1929 - 11 December 2021), better known as Jack Hedley, was a British actor. He was born in London, England. He was known for his role Lt. Colonel Preston in the television series Colditz (1972-74).
He appeared in many British movies during the 1960s, including Lawrence of Arabia (1962), The Scarlet Blade (1963), Witchcraft (1964), Of Human Bondage (1964), The Secret of Blood Island (1964) and The Anniversary (1968). He also appeared in The Longest Day (1962).
Hedley died on 11 December 2021, at the age of 92.
References
1929 births
2021 deaths
British movie actors
British stage actors
British television actors
Actors from London
Real Murcia

Real Murcia C.F. is a football club which plays in Spain, based in Murcia, in the Region de Murcia.
Name
1908-1923 Murcia C.F.
1923-present Real Murcia C.F.
League position
Former position
1908 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in Spain
Spanish football clubs
Murcia
Madam Auring

Aurea Elfero, known professionally as Madam Auring (11 March 1940 - 30 October 2020), was a Filipina fortune teller and actress. According to her own account, she was one of "the five most famous women in Asia in the 1990s". She died on 30 October 2020, at the age of 80.
References
Other websites
1940 births
2020 deaths
Actors from Manila
Aurelio Galfetti

Aurelio Galfetti (2 April 1936 - 5 December 2021) was a Swiss architect. Galfetti was born in Biasca, Ticino. One of his most important works was the renovation of Castelgrande at Bellinzona.
Galfetti died on 5 December 2021, at the age of 85.
References
Other websites
Website
1936 births
2021 deaths
Swiss architects
Tournay

Tournay is a village and commune in the Hautes-Pyrenees departement of south-western France.
Points of interest
Arboretum de Tournay
Related pages
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrenees department
Communes in Hautes-Pyrenees
Bischberg

Bischberg is a community in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg being at the forks of the rivers Regnitz and Main some 5 km west of Bamberg.
Other websites
Bischberg's homepage
Forderverein Frankisches Fischereimuseum (Franconian Fishery Museum Development Association)
References
Bamberg (district)
Kuttawa, Kentucky

Kuttawa is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Lyon County, Kentucky
Antoine Dominique Bordes

Antoine-Dominique Bordes (1815-1883) was a French shipowner and business manager, founder of the shipping company that bears his name, long the largest in the world.
Career
Born on July 22, 1815 in the Gers ( France ) where his father was a doctor (from the faculty of Paris), he joined his older brother Antoine-Dominique at the age of 16, who ran a grain and flour trade in Bordeaux. Baptized Antoine Apollinaire, he takes the name of his brother in Chile for his business.
Antoine-Dominique Bordes left at the age of 18 on the Scythian to Latin America and arrived in Valparaiso ( Chile ). He then began to work as a shipping agent and to create a commercial entourage. In 1837 he founded a consignment house. In 1840, at the age of 25, he joined forces with Captain Ange-Casimir le Quellec to create a port trading company between Bordeaux and Valparaiso, which was transformed in 1847 into a maritime shipping company with headquarters in Bordeaux.
After the death of Le Quellec, the Bordes navigation company was created in 1868. Until the death of the founder, the company established itself on Boulevard Malesherbes in Paris and organized its traffic from the ports of Bordeaux, Nantes, Dunkirk, Le Havre . From the 1870s his ships also carried Chilean nitrate to Liverpool and Glasgow.
From February 1857 to July 1859, the Pereire brothers hired him to straighten out the helm of the Compagnie Generale Maritime . During this period, he was the extraordinary administrator-general. He then befriended Wulfran Puget, also a shipowner : his sons will baptize one of their boats in his name.
References
Related article
Bordes Company
Bibliography
Marins Cap-Horniers du Nitrate (preface by Francis Roger), Books on Demand, 2014
M. Barbance, Commercial Life of the Cape Horn Route in the XIX Century century . Armament A.-D. Bordes et fils, Editions of the School of Advanced Studies in Social Sciences, January 1969,
" The epic of the great Cape Horners of Dunkirk ", Dunkirk magazine, n 184, April 2008,
Henri Queffelec, These are sailboats that the wind carries away, the life of Antoine-Dominique Bordes, Presses de la Cite, 1984
Robert Chevet, A Bordeaux deckchair, the adventure of Henri Bordes, Itarkeo editions, 2017
Louis Lacroix, The Last French Cap-Horniers, Maritime and Overseas Editions, January 1, 1968
external links
Les plus beaux navires de la Cie Bordes
Navires de l'armement Bordes et Fils
VIAF
ISNI
BnF (donnees)
LCCN
Pays-Bas
WorldCat
Articles with authority control information
Blank cheque

A blank cheque is a cheque where a person has filled all the details, including his signature, but has not written the amount that is to be cashed by the other person.
The term is a metaphor meaning "there's no limit". It may used to describe giving someone unrestricted funds for a project, for example; "The city council gave the contractors a blank cheque to build the new library".
Metaphors
Amasya

Amasya is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Amasya Province and is in the mountains near the Black Sea coast. In 2013, 134,434 people lived there.
Other websites
Provincial governorate official website
Municipality official website
GCatholic with titular incumbent bio links
Cities in Turkey
Black Sea Region
Sheila Nelson

Sheila Mary Nelson (5 March 1936 - 16 November 2020) was an English musician, music educator, writer and composer. She had played with the English Chamber Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and the Menuhin Festival Orchestra.
She was best known as a violin and viola teacher.
Nelson was co-author of the Essential String Method series and author/composer of many other music instruction books, published by Boosey & Hawkes.
She was an Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music (Hon RAM).
Nelson died on 16 November 2020 from Alzheimer's disease.
References
1936 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
English composers
British educators
Musicians from London
Writers from London
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Saïda Province

Saida is a province of Algeria. It is named after its capital.
Divisions
The province has 6 districts and 16 communes or municipalities.
Districts
Ain El Hadjar
El Hassasna
Ouled Brahim
Saida
Sidi Boubekeur
Youb
References
Provinces of Algeria
Archie Bunker's Place

Archie Bunker's Place is an American TV sitcom made by Norman Lear. It aired on CBS from September 23, 1979, and ended on April 4, 1983. It is a spin-off of All in the Family.
Summary
This is a spin-off of All in the Family. The movie's plot happens after All in the Family, and is about Archie Bunker (the star of this and the first show) and the bar he opens. Other characters are Edith Bunker (Archie's wife) and Stephanie Mills (daughter of Edith's brother-in-law that they are taking care of).
1980s American sitcoms
CBS network shows
American television spin-offs
1979 American television series debuts
1983 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Carlos Regazzoni

Carlos Regazzoni (1 December 1943 - 26 April 2020) was an Argentine sculptor. Regazzoni was born in Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut Province. He worked in Paris during the 1990s. He was invited to exhibit at the Cent ans de l'aeronautique francaise. Regazzoni returned to Argentina and founded a workshop in Buenos Aires. His works were often described as Dantesque and were compared to Salvador Dali.
Regazzoni died on 26 April 2020 in Buenos Aires, aged 76.
References
1943 births
2020 deaths
Argentine sculptors
Adverse effect (medicine)

In medicine, an adverse effect is a harmful and undesired effect that results from a therapy like medication, chemotherapy, surgery or other intervention. An adverse effect may be called a "side-effect" (when it is less important than the therapeutic effect).
It may result from an unsuitable or incorrect dosage or procedure (which could be caused by medical error). Some adverse effects happen only at the beginning or a change of a treatment. Medical error was the third most common cause of death in the United States in 2019.
Reporting systems
In many countries, adverse effects have to be reported and researched in clinical trials and included into the patient information accompanying medical devices and drugs for sale to the public. This is called pharmacovigilance.
Related pages
Toxicology
Other websites
Patient Safety Network. An extremely useful site, with a glossary and articles on all kinds of threats to patient safety, including adverse effects, drug reactions, medical error, iatrogenesis, etc.
Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Bulletin - published bimonthly by ADRAC
Drugs of Concern DrugIntel.com site for tort lawyers with up-to-date information on drugs that cause severe adverse effects)
Medication Errors a FDA site.
Medical Product Safety Information. MedWatch, a useful page from Food and Drug Administration, listing safety alerts for drugs, biologics, devices and dietary supplements, recalls, market withdrawals, public health advisories, links to the VAERS and MAUDE databases, etc.)
Medical Devices Safety National Library of Medicine (Medline Plus, useful lists of conventional drug and medical device articles and websites)
When Medicine Hurts Instead of Helps - A special report by the Alliance for Aging Research on ADRs.
References
Medicine
Thomas Bopp

Thomas J. Bopp (October 15, 1949 - January 6, 2018) was an American astronomer. He was best known as the co-discoverer of comet Hale-Bopp (with Alan Hale) in 1995.
On the night of July 22, Bopp was observing the sky with friends in the Arizona desert when he made the discovery. It was the first comet he had observed and he was using a borrowed, home-built telescope. Hale and Bopp both discovered the comet by chance at approximately the same time.
Bopp died on January 6, 2018 at the age of 68.
References
Other websites
Comet Hale-Bopp Homepage at JPL
Comet Hale-Bopp Timeline - 1997
1949 births
2018 deaths
American astronomers
People from Youngstown, Ohio
People from Denver
1787

Events
May 13 - Captain Arthur Phillip leaves Portsmouth, England with the First Fleet, 11 ships full of convicts to establish a penal colony in Australia.
August 16 - Lieutenant William Bligh takes command of the HMVA Bounty.
December 23 - The HMVA Bounty is sent to Tahiti to collect breadfruit plants.
Date unknown
The Pennsylvania Prison Society is started.
Births
March 16 - Georg Ohm, German physicist
December 10 - Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, founder of the American School for the Deaf
Deaths
May 28 - Leopold Mozart, composer
June 20 - Karl Friedrich Abel, German Baroque composer
Zhao Ziyang

Zhao Ziyang was a high-ranking politician in China. He was the Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1981 to 1982 and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1987 to 1989.
Zhao did not like Maoist policies. He received support from Deng Xiaoping after the Cultural Revolution. Zhao tried to stop corruption and to make general market economic changes. His views made him unpopular with important leaders including Premier Li Peng, former President Li Xiannian and Party elder Chen Yun. After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Zhao was not allowed to be a politician. He was placed under house arrest.
References
1919 births
2005 deaths
General Secretaries of the Communist Party of China
Premiers of the People's Republic of China
Lennart Bodström

Ture Lennart Bodstrom (20 April 1928 - 30 April 2015) was a Swedish politician. He was born in Gothenburg. He served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs in Olof Palme's Social Democratic cabinet from 1982 to 1985. Following the 1985 election, Bodstrom was reassigned to the post of Minister for Education.
References
1928 births
2015 deaths
Government ministers of Sweden
Politicians from Gothenburg
Krishnagiri

Krishnagiri is a municipality town and administrative headquarters of Krishnagiri district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Mango is cultivated as the main crop and the land here is extremely fertile with rich access to fresh water making it amenable to growing crops. Krishnagiri is a rapidly growing town and is the site of significant business and residential development. The Krishnagiri Dam is currently undergoing expansion and a variety of small-scale industry zones are being set up. According to 2011 census, Krishnagiri had a population of 71,323 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.
The Krishnagiri district has a prehistoric importance. Archeological sources confirm the presence of habitats of man kind during Paleolithic, Neolithic and Mesolithic Ages. Various rock paintings and rock carvings of Indus Valley civilization and Iron Age seen in this district support the historical significance of this district.Krishnagiri district was carved out of Dharmapuri district on 9 February 2004 with five taluks and ten blocks.
Reference
Krishnagiri district
The Veldt (song)

"The Veldt" is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5 and features vocals from American musician Chris James. The song is featured on deadmau5's sixth studio album Album Title Goes Here.
The song was inspired by the 1950 short story by Ray Bradbury. The song was created during a 22-hour live stream. Chris James was found on Twitter by deadmau5 when James created his own vocal rendition of the song. deadmau5 liked his James'" rendition so much that he included it in the official release of the song.
The music video is based on "The Veldt" by Ray Bradbury and is loosely based around the 2010 video game, Limbo.
The song was ranked at #48 on Rolling Stone' list of the 50 best songs of 2012''.
References
2012 songs
Deadmau5 songs
Ben Grubbs

Benjamin Richard Grubbs (born March 10, 1984 in Eclectic, Alabama) is an American former professional football offensive guard. He played parts of 9 years in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens, New Orleans Saints, and Kansas City Chiefs. Grubbs was drafted out of Auburn University by the Baltimore Ravens with the 29th pick in the first round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He made two Pro Bowls; one in 2012 and one in 2014.
The Kansas City Chiefs released Grubbs at the end of the 2015 NFL season. Grubbs retired shortly after because of a neck injury.
References
Other websites
Ben Grubbs at nfl.com
1984 births
African American players of American football
Living people
Baltimore Ravens players
Kansas City Chiefs players
New Orleans Saints players
American football offensive guards
Sportspeople from Alabama
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Hershey is a census-designated place (CDP) in Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Hershey's chocolates are made in Hershey, which was founded by candy magnate Milton S. Hershey.
The community is located east of Harrisburg and is part of the Harrisburg-Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,257 at the 2010 census.
References
Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Frank Hsieh

Frank Hsieh (; born May 18, 1946) is a Taiwanese politician and attorney. He is a co-founder of the Democratic Progressive Party.
He was a member of the Legislative Yuan, mayor of Kaohsiung City, and the Premier of the Republic of China under president Chen Shui-bian.
Hsieh was the DPP nominee in the 2008 presidential election and lost to Ma Ying-jeou.
References
1946 births
Living people
Premiers of the Republic of China on Taiwan
Lawyers
Mayors of Kaohsiung
People from Taipei
Congress of People's Deputies of Russia

The Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR () and since 1991 Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation () was the main government legislature in the Russian SFSR and in the Russian Federation from 16 May 1990 to 21 September 1993. Members were elected on 4 March 1990 for a five year term. It was dissolved on 4 October 1993.
References
Government of Russia
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott

Heinrich Wilhelm Schott was an Austrian botanist well known for his extensive work on aroids (Family Araceae).
He was born on 7 January 1794 in Brno, a city in Moravia that in those years was part of the Austrian Empire and that now is part of the Czech Republic. As a young boy, he came to live in Vienna, where his father was the chief gardener of the botanical garden of the university.
He studied botany, agriculture and chemistry at the University of Vienna, where he was a student of the botanist Joseph Franz von Jacquin (1766-1839). In 1815 he became gardener at the garden for the Austrian flora at the Belveder palace.
He was a participant in the Austrian Brazil Expedition from 1817 to 1821. While in Brazil from mid-1817 through 1821, Schott established and managed an introduction garden for accustoming living plants to more temperate climates in order to have them brought to Europe at a later date, made field trips, and prepared many notes concerning the plants and animals he saw.
In 1821 Schott returned to Vienna, where he worked as gardener again. In 1828 he was appointed Hofgartner (Royal Gardener) in Vienna, later serving as director of the Imperial Gardens at Schonbrunn Palace (1845). In 1852 he was in charge of transforming part of palace gardens in the fashion of an English garden. He also enriched the Viennese court gardens with his collections from Brazil.
He was interested in plants that grow in high mountains, above the tree line, He developed a garden with that kind of plants (an alpine garden) at Belvedere in Vienna.
He died at the Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna, on 5 March 1865.
Publications
Meletemata botanica (with Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher), 1832
Rutaceae. Fragmenta botanica, 1834
Genera filicum, 84 pp. 1834-1836
Aroideae, 1853-1857
Analecta botanica (with Theodor Kotschy and Carl Fredrik Nyman), 70 pp. 1854
Synopsis Aroidearum complectens enumerationem systematicam generum at specierum hujus ordinis, 148 pp. 1856
Icones Aroidearum, 1857
Genera Aroidearum Exposita, 1858
Prodromus Systematis Aroidearum, 1860
Species named for Schott
Other botanists named plants in honour of Schott; some of them are:
(Acanthaceae) Aphelandra schottiana'''' (Nees) Profice
(Acanthaceae) Schaueria schottii Nees
(Agavaceae) Agave schottii Engelm.
(Apiaceae) Dichoropetalum schottii (Besser ex DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
(Rubiaceae) Uragoga schottiana (Mull.Arg.) Kuntze
(Trigoniaceae) Trigonia schottiana Turcz.
(Verbenaceae) Stachytarpheta schottiana'' Schauer
Notes
References
Other websites
The Botanical Art of Schott's Aroideae Maximilianae by Scott Hyndman
Deutsche Biographie Schott, Heinrich Wilhelm (biography).
1794 births
1865 deaths
Austrian botanists
People from Brno
Tychy

Tychy is a city in Poland in Silesian Voivodeship. It has about 132 000 inhabitants and 81 km2.
Cities in Silesian Voivodeship
Alayamon

Alayamon is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India.
Demographics
India census, Alayamon had a population of 12869 with 6226 males and 6643 females.
References
Villages in Kollam district
Pebble

A pebble is a piece of rock with a particle size of 4 to 64 millimetres. They are often made of flint.
Pebbles are larger than granules (2 to 4 millimetres diameter) and smaller than cobbles (64 to 256 millimetres diameter). A rock made predominantly of pebbles is termed a conglomerate. Pebble tools are among the earliest known man-made artifacts, dating from the Palaeolithic period of human history.
A beach composed chiefly of surface pebbles is commonly termed a shingle beach. This type of beach resists wave erosion, and has ecological niches which can provide habitat for animals and plants.
Sedimentary rocks
1936 United States presidential election

The 1936 United States presidential election was the 38th United States presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1936. The candidates were Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, and his running mate John Nance Garner, and Republican Alf Landon of Kansas and his running mate, Frank Knox.
The results
Roosevelt, the incumbent president, was very popular. Many people liked his New Deal system. He won 46 states, 523 electoral votes and 27,476,000 votes. Landon, on the other hand, did not do well at all. He did not even win his home state of Kansas. He only won two states (Vermont and Maine), 8 electoral votes, and 16,679,000 votes.
Close states
New Hampshire, which is next to both Maine and Vermont, came within 2% of voting for Landon. That is, less than 2% more people voted for Roosevelt than Landon.
Landon's home state, Kansas, came within 7.72% of supporting him. Other close states were Massachusetts (which came within 9.46% of supporting Landon) and Delaware (which came within 9.77% of supporting Landon).
The Republican primaries
Three men ran for the Republican nomination for president in 1936. They were:
William Borah, a senator from Idaho
Frank Knox, a publisher from Illinois
Alf Landon, the governor of Kansas
Ultimately, Landon easily won. He chose Knox as his running mate.
Fun facts
This was the last presidential election till 1964 in which North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Indiana and Nebraska supported the Democratic candidate.
This was the only presidential election where Indiana voted Democrat for the second time in a row.
This was the only presidential election where South Dakota voted Democrat for the second time in a row.
The state of Vermont came the closest to voting Democrat than any presidential election before.
This is the last time for 80 years Orange County, California, would vote for the Democrat in a presidential election.
No US presidential candidate from the Democratic or Republican party received as few electoral votes as Alf Landon in 1936.
Sources
United States presidential elections
1936 in North America
1930s in the United States
Roman Herzog

Roman Herzog (5 April 1934 - 10 January 2017) was a German politician (CDU). He was President of Germany from 1994 to 1999.
Early life
He studied law in Munich, Bavaria and took the first stage law exam in 1957. In 1958, he gained the title Dr.jur. (doctor of laws) and worked in the University of Munich until 1964, where he passed his second law exam. He wrote Die Wesensmerkmale der Staatsorganisation in rechtlicher und entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Sicht ("Characteristics of State Organization from a Juristic and Developmental-Historical Viewpoint"), and was given the title of professor in 1964.
In Germany "professor" is a title meaning senior teacher, not a job name. Herzog taught at the University of Munich until 1966. From 1966 he taught state law and political science as a full professor at the Free University of Berlin (FUB). In 1969 he moved to the FUB in Speyer, and was the University President from 1971 to 1972.
Political career
In 1973 he entered politics, and became a member of the Bundesrat for Rhineland-Palatinate. He was minister for culture and sports in the Baden-Wurttemberg Land Government from 1978. In 1980 he was elected to the State Parliament (Landtag), and took over the state Ministry of the Interior.
Herzog was also always active in the Protestant Church. Since 1982 he had been a member of the synod (parliament) of the Protestant Church of Germany. He had been a member of the Evangelical Church in Germany since 1972.
In 1983 he became vice president of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in Karlsruhe, and president over from 1987 to 1994, when he was elected President of Germany by the Bundesversammlung (Federal Convention). His term ended in 1999, when he was succeeded by Johannes Rau.
Personal life
His wife, Christiane Herzog, died on 19 June 2000. He later married Alexandra Freifrau von Berlichingen in 2001.
Herzog died at 82 years old on 10 January 2017 in Jagsthausen, Germany.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2017 deaths
Chief justices
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich faculty
German judges
German Lutherans
Members of the German Bundesrat
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Politicians from Bavaria
Politicians of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Presidents of Germany