pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bologna

Bologna (Emilian and Romagnol: Bulaggna) is the capital and largest city of Emilia-Romagna in Northern Italy. It has about 400,000 inhabitants.
History
Bologna was founded by the Etruscans with the name Felsina (c. 534 BC) and became a Roman colony in 189 BC.
In the 11th century Bologna began to grow again as a free commune, joining the Lombard League against Frederick Barbarossa in 1164.
The University of Bologna, founded in 1088, is the oldest existing university in Europe.
After being crushed in the Battle of Zappolino by the Modenese in 1325, Bologna began to decay and asked the protection of the Pope at the beginning of the 14th century.
In 1980, 85 people were killed in a bombing at Bologna Centrale railway station. This was the most deadly terrorist attack in the history of Italy.
Weather
Bologna has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification).
6th-century BC establishments
COVAX

COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access, abbreviated as COVAX, is a global program that helps give COVID-19 vaccines to people living in poor countries led by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), and others.
By 15 July 2020, 165 countries - representing 60% of the human population - had joined COVAX.
References
COVID-19 pandemic
The Actor's Children

The Actor's Children is a 1910 American silent drama movie directed by Barry O'Neil and stars Frank H. Crane, Orilla Smith, and Yale Boss.
Actors
Frank H. Crane as the actor (adult male lead)
Orilla Smith as the actor's daughter (little girl)
Yale Boss as the actor's son (little boy)
Nicholas Jordan as a comedian
References
Other websites
American movies
1910 movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Che Guevara

Ernesto "Che" Guevara, commonly known as el Che or Che (June 14, 1928 - October 9, 1967) was an Argentine Marxist, revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla, diplomat, and military theorist. He is popular with socialists. In addition to that he was a writer and some of his articles and speeches were even published.
Time magazine said he was one of the most influential people of the 20th century. Guerrillero Heroico, a picture of him, is called "the most famous photograph in the world."
Early life
Che Guevara was born in Rosario, Argentina in 1928. He studied at the University of Buenos Aires. He wanted to be a doctor. During his holidays, he traveled. He saw how poor some people were. He thought that revolution could fix it.
After college, he went to Mexico. He met Fidel Castro there in 1954. Castro was planning a rebellion in Cuba. Guevara joined Castro. He fought with Castro in Cuba. In 1959, Fidel won and became president of Cuba. Fidel and Guevara declared Cuba a communist country. Guevara was made head of Cuba's bank. He later became Minister of Industry. In 1965, Guevara helped to start other revolutions. They were in Congo-Kinshasa and Bolivia. In 1967, he was captured and executed by Bolivian soldiers. His body was not found until 1997. His nickname among friends was "Chegi Vara".
Che in popular culture
People have different opinions on Che Guevara. Some see him as a good leader. In addition to that he was an excellent writer and some of his articles and speeches were even published. Others see him as a bad man who wanted to hurt people. A black and white image of Guevara's face is one of the most merchandized images. It can be found on many items. They include t-shirts, hats, posters, and other items. The image was based on a photograph by Alberto Korda Diaz. Diaz was a Cuban photographer. It was taken in 1960.
Guevara is still an important person. He is seen as an example of youthful rebellion.
A movie, The Motorcycle Diaries, is about Che. It describes a trip that he took through South America. The trip took place in the 1950s. The movie was directed by Walter Salles. It was produced by Robert Redford.
References
Other websites
BBC News (January 17, 2001). "Profile: Laurent Kabila". Accessed April 10, 2008.
BBC News (May 26, 2001). Che Guevara photographer dies. Accessed January 4, 2006.
BBC News (October 9, 2007). "Cuba pays tribute to Che Guevara". BBC News, International version.
Lacey, Mark (October 26, 2007). "Lone Bidder Buys Strands of Che's Hair at U.S. Auction". New York Times.
Lacey, Mark (October 9, 2007). "A Revolutionary Icon, and Now, a Bikini". The New York Times.
O'Hagan, Sean (July 11, 2004). "Just a pretty face?". The Guardian. Accessed October 25, 2006.
Communists
People executed by firearm
Argentine physicians
People from Rosario, Argentina
1928 births
1967 deaths
Cuban scientists
Survivor Series (2008)

Survivor Series (2008) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), took place on November 23, 2008 at the TD Banknorth Garden in Boston, Massachusetts.
Results
Survivor Series Traditional Elimination Matches
Related pages
Survivor Series
List of WWE pay-per-view events
References
Other websites
Official Survivor Series 2008 website
2008 in American television
2008 in professional wrestling
Sports in Boston
Survivor Series
2008 in Boston
Paulo Sousa

Paulo Manuel Carvalho de Sousa, CavIH (; born 30 August 1970) is a Portuguese football manager and former professional player. He is the head coach of the Poland national team.
He played for Benfica and Sporting in Portugal. He then went to Juventus and after to Borussia Dortmund. He won the UEFA Champions League in both of these clubs.
Sousa was a member of Portugal's "Golden Generation". and appeared with the national team at the 2002 World Cup and two European Championships.
He started coaching in the late 2000s, managing clubs in several countries and winning national championships with Maccabi Tel Aviv and Basel.
He currently is the manager of the Polish national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="4"|Benfica||rowspan="4"|Portuguese Liga||2||0
|-
|1990/91||36||0
|-
|1991/92||24||1
|-
|1992/93||25||0
|-
|1993/94||Sporting Portugal||Portuguese Liga||31||2
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Juventus||rowspan="2"|Serie A||26||1
|-
|1995/96||28||0
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||11||1
|-
|1997/98||16||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="3"|Serie A||11||0
|-
|1998/99||10||0
|-
|1999/00||10||0
|-
|1999/00||Parma||Serie A||8||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Panathinaikos||rowspan="2"|Alpha Ethniki||6||0
|-
|2001/02||4||0
|-
|2001/02||Espanyol Barcelona||La Liga||9||0
118||3
93||1
27||1
10||0
9||0
257||5
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1991||5||0
|-
|1992||0||0
|-
|1993||8||0
|-
|1994||5||0
|-
|1995||6||0
|-
|1996||5||0
|-
|1997||5||0
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||8||0
|-
|2000||5||0
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
!Total||52||0
|}
References
1970 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Portuguese football managers
FC Basel managers
Portugal at UEFA Euro 1996
Portugal at UEFA Euro 2000
Poland at UEFA Euro 2020
Bronchus

Bronchi (one Bronchus) are the large air tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs. They carry air to the lungs.
The trachea (windpipe) divides to form the right and left main bronchi. These divide to form smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles. Eventually the bronchioles end in the alveoli (small air sacs). At the alveoli, oxygen from the air we breathe into our lungs is moved into the blood. The blood then carries oxygen around to the rest of the body, which needs oxygen to survive. Without the bronchi, air would never get into the lungs, and oxygen would never get into our bodies.
The bronchi's walls are made of cartilage.
The right bronchus (shown on the left in the image on this page) is shorter, wider, and straighter than the left bronchus.
Related pages
Bronchitis (an illness that affects the bronchi)
Asthma (a disease that makes the bronchi get narrower)
Bronchodilator (medicine that helps the bronchi get wider when they narrow because of a disease like asthma)
Pulmonology
Stapleton International Airport

Stapleton International Airport was Denver, Colorado's primary airport from 1929 to 1995. At different times it served as a hub for Continental Airlines, Frontier Airlines, People Express, TWA, United Airlines and Western Airlines.
In 1995, Stapleton was replaced by Denver International Airport. It has now been decommissioned and the airport property was redeveloped as a retail and residential neighborhood.
Other websites
Airport history
Stapleton Airport Photographs
Airport diagrams: 1938, 1956, and 1959
Airports in the United States
Vice President of the Philippines

The Vice President of the Philippines is the second-highest executive official of the government of the Philippines, after the President.
The Vice President currently holds office at the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon City. The current office of the Vice President was re-established under the 1987 Constitution.
Sara Duterte from Davao City assumed the office on June 30, 2022 as the 15th and current vice president.
The official title of the office in Filipino is Pangalawang Pangulo, although Bise Presidente, derived from Spanish, is the usual title used in some of the major Philippine languages, such as Cebuano and Hiligaynon language.
Eligibility
Article 7, Section 3 of the Constitution mandates that the Vice President must bear the same qualifications as the President which means he must be:
a natural-born citizen of the Philippines;
a registered voter;
able to read and write;
at least forty years of age on the day of election;
and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election."
Succession
There has been four cases where the Vice President has assumed the Presidency, three of which because of the President's death, and one because of the President's resignation:
Sergio Osmena in 1944, upon the death of Manuel L. Quezon.
Elpidio Quirino in 1948, upon the death of Manuel Roxas.
Carlos P. Garcia in 1957, upon the death of Ramon Magsaysay.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in 2001, upon the resignation of Joseph Ejercito Estrada, as decided by the Supreme Court.
List
Living former Vice Presidents
References
Other websites
Office of the Vice President of the Philippines
Passau (district)

Passau is a Landkreis (district) in the southeast of Bavaria.
Towns and municipalities
References
Other websites
Official website (German)
Districts of Bavaria
Giulio Andreotti

Giulio Andreotti (January 14, 1919 - May 6, 2013) was an Italian politician of the Christian Democracy party. He was the 41st Prime Minister of Italy from 1972 to 1973, from 1976 to 1979 and from 1989 to 1992. He was also Minister of the Interior (1954 and 1978), Defense Minister (1959-1966 and 1974) and Foreign Minister (1983-1989). He was a Senator for life from 1991 until his death in 2013. He was also a journalist and author.
Andreotti was born on January 14, 1919 in Rome, Italy. He studied at the University of Rome La Sapienza. Andreotti was married to Livia Danese from 1945 until his death in 2013. They had four children. Andreotti died on May 6, 2013 in Rome from respiratory complications, aged 94.
References
Other websites
"Les proces Andreotti en Italie" ("The Andreotti trials in Italy") by Philippe Foro, published by University of Toulouse II, Groupe de recherche sur l'histoire immediate (Study group on contemporary history)
Il Divo a Paolo Sorrentino Film
1919 births
2013 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Italy
Politicians from Rome
Prime Ministers of Italy
Writers from Rome
Democrats for Life of America

Democrats for Life in America (DFLA) is an American 501(c)(4) nonprofit organization. They are an pro-life group. The members of this group are against euthanasia, abortion and capital punishment.
The organization was founded in 1999.
Members of the DFLA want to link abortion bans after 20 weeks of pregnancy to the increased support of mothers and pregnant women. They want to stop women from getting or looking for an abortion in most circumstances. They say abortion is a lethal and cruel injustice against unborn children.
Related pages
Anti-abortion movement
References
Controversies in the United States
Social movements related to abortion
Political organizations based in the United States
Loiron-Ruillé

Loiron-Ruille is a commune of 2,667 people (2017). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Loiron (the seat) and Ruille-le-Gravelais.
References
2016 establishments in France
Communes in Mayenne
Carla Alberghetti

Carla Alberghetti (born 24 June 1939) is an Italian actress and soprano singer. Alberghetti made her singing debut at the Hollywood Bowl with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra in 1955. In 1960 she appeared in a touring production of the musical Kismet.
Alberghetti played Lili in Carnival from her older sister, Anna Maria Alberghetti. She made guest appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show, Tonight Starring Jack Paar and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.
References
1939 births
Living people
Italian movie actors
Italian stage actors
Italian singers
Sopranos
Jonathan Collier

Jonathan Collier is an American television writer. He is best known for his work on The Simpsons, Monk, King of the Hill and Bones. He worked as an executive producer on Mike Reiss's DVD movie, Queer Duck: The Movie. He attended and graduated from Harvard University.
Living people
American television writers
Harvard University alumni
Ibrahim Othman Ibrahim Idris

Ibrahim Othman Ibrahim Idris (1961 - February 10, 2021) was a Sudanese criminal. He was formerly held in extrajudicial detention in the United States' Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba.
In July 2013, a motion was filed seeking his release because his physical and emotional health had deteriorated to the point where he could be seen as a threat.
On February 10, 2021, Idris died at age 60 at his mother's home in Port Sudan.
References
1961 births
2021 deaths
Sudanese people
Criminals
Ernst Stavro Blofeld

Ernst Stavro Blofeld is a fictional character and a supervillain from the James Bond series. He was created by Ian Fleming. His mission is world domination. He was born in Poland. He is known for having a scar on his eye, for wearing his grey suit and for having a pet cat. Blofeld is head of the global criminal organization SPECTRE and is commonly referred to as Number 1.
Blofeld appears or is heard in three novels: Thunderball; On Her Majesty's Secret Service; and You Only Live Twice. He was famously played by Donald Pleasence in You Only Live Twice (1967) and by Christoph Waltz in Spectre (2015) and No Time to Die (2021).
Some of Blofeld's characteristics have become popular as a supervillain in fiction and media. It includes the parodies Dr. Claw (and his pet, M.A.D. Cat) from the Inspector Gadget animated series (1983-86), and Dr. Evil (and his cat Mr. Bigglesworth) from the Austin Powers movie series (1997-2002).
References
Characters in written fiction
Fictional characters introduced in the 1960s
Fictional criminals
Fictional European people
Bond villains
Albese con Cassano

Albese con Cassano is a comune in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy.
Settlements in Lombardy
Guillermo Rodríguez (footballer)

Guillermo Daniel Rodriguez Perez (born 21 March 1984) is a Uruguayan professional footballer. He played as a centre back. He played for the Uruguay national football team twelve times from 2004 until 2005.
References
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Montevideo
Local community

A local community is a group of people living in a same location. The group has common and shared values. The groups are larger than a household.
The word "community" is comes from the Old French word "communite". This came from the Latin word "communitas" (cum, "with/together" + munus, "gift"), a broad term for fellowship or organized society.
A sense of community refers to the way people see the connections within the group, shared responsibility, and common goals.
Related pages
Municipality
Population
References
Community
Urban planning
Professor Farnsworth

Professor Hubert J. Farnsworth, or simply Professor, is a fictional character in the American television series Futurama voiced by Billy West and created by Matt Groening.
Farnsworth is the mad scientist of the Planet Express delivery service. He is the great (x30) nephew of Philip J. Fry. He sometimes acts between intelligence and amoral senility due to his greatly advanced age. He shows intelligence of any field of science necessary for the series' plots, and is thought to be one of the most brilliant inventors on Earth.
However, he falls asleep constantly, and he is implied to have routinely sent his former crews on suicide missions.
His character is influenced by Frank Morgan and Burgess Meredith. Farnsworth's design has been compared to a combination of Mr. Burns, Grampa Simpson, and Professor Frink from Matt Groening's other series, The Simpsons.
References
Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Futurama characters
Mullah Omar

Mullah Muhammad Umar Mujahid (1959 - 23 April 2013) was the leader of the Taliban in Afghanistan. He was usually called Mullah Omar. Between 1996 and 2001, he was Afghanistan's de facto head of state. Three states officially recognised him under the title of 'Head of the Supreme Council'. He was born in 1959 in Kandahar Province of Afghanistan. He held the title Commander of the Faithful from the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
The United States put him on their most wanted list. They believe he sheltered Osama bin Laden, and some of his al-Quaeda group, directly before and after they committed the September 11 attacks. He was believed to be directing the Taliban in their war against Hamid Karzai's Government and foreign NATO troops in Afghanistan from Pakistan. Many people considered him to be a major terrorist.
Despite his political rank, and his high status on the FBI's wanted list, not much was publicly known about Omar. There are very few photos of him. A picture that was used by the media in 2002, shows another Taliban official, but not Omar. It is also debated how authoritative the images that exist really are.
Omar's right eye was missing as the result of a war wound. People described him as being tall. He was described as shy and untalkative with foreigners.
When he was Emir of Afghanistan, Omar stayed in Kandahar most of the time and rarely met outsiders. He sent his Foreign Minister, Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil, to represent him, on most occasions.
News media claimed that he was killed by a drone strike in 2008.
In 2012, it was revealed that an individual claiming to be Omar sent a letter to President Barack Obama in 2011, expressing slight interest in peace talks.
Death
On 29 July 2015, the Afghan government and state intelligence sources said that Omar had died in April 2013 two years previously in Karachi, Pakistan, of tuberculosis. Some Taliban sources denied that he had died; other sources considered the report to be speculative, designed to destabilise peace negotiations in Pakistan between the Afghan government and the Taliban. A Taliban spokesman said that they would issue a statement. Abdul Hassib Seddiqi, the spokesman for Afghanistan's National Directorate of Security, claimed: "We confirm officially that he is dead".
It was later learned that he died in Afghanistan, not Pakistan.
References
1959 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
Pashtun people
Taliban
Heads of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Former dictators
Nima Rahizadeh

Nima Rahizadeh (born 28 August 2001) is an Iranian basketball player.
Other website
Nima Rahizadeh on FIBA Archive
Nima Rahizadeh on FIBA Basketball
Nima Rahizadeh on IRIBF
Nima Rahizadeh at Eurobasket
Living people
2001 births
Basketball players
Iranian sportspeople
Hardanges

Hardanges is a commune of 245 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Mayenne
Historian of the United States Senate

The Historian of the United States Senate heads the United States Senate Historical Office, which was created in 1975 to record and preserve historical information about the United States Senate. The current Historian of the Senate is Betty K. Koed.
List of Senate Historians
Richard A. Baker 1975-2009
Donald A. Ritchie 2009-2015
Betty K. Koed 2015-present
Other websites
https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/a_three_sections_with_teasers/biblio.htm
https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/Senate_Historical_Office.htm
Mohil

Mohil are a clan/Gotra of Yadavas British Historians H.A. Rose, Ibbetson and Maclagan have stated Mohals as a gotra of Yaduvanshi Ahirs.
References
Yadav
Johnnie Johnson (pianist)

Musical artist
Johnnie Clyde Johnson (July 8, 1924 - April 13, 2005) was an American pianist. He played jazz, blues and rock and roll. His work with Chuck Berry led to his induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
He was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for breaking racial barriers in the military.
Career
Johnson began playing the piano in 1928. He joined the United States Marine Corps during World War II. He became a member of Bobby Troup's all-serviceman jazz orchestra, the Barracudas. .
Over the next 20 years, the two collaborated on many of Berry's songs, including "School Days", "Roll Over Beethoven", "Carol", and "Nadine". The song "Johnny B. Goode" was reportedly a tribute to Johnson, with the title referring to Johnson's behavior when he was drinking.
Johnson received little recognition until the Chuck Berry concert documentary, Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll, was released in 1987. The experience forged a permanent bond between him, Keith Richards, Eric Clapton, and Steve Jordan. Although Johnson had been supporting himself as a bus driver in St. Louis, the exposure and experience of the film helped him return to headlining.
In 2005, he played piano on Styx's re-recording of "Blue Collar Man", entitled "Blue Collar Man @ 2120", for their album Big Bang Theory. It was recorded at Chess Studios, on the 46th anniversary of the recording of "Johnnie B. Goode" at the same studio.
Death
Johnson died at the age of 80 from a kidney ailment and pneumonia in St. Louis on April 13, 2005. He was buried in the Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery.
Sources
Other websites
Johnnie Johnson. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Johnnie Johnson Blues & Jazz Society, Fairmont, West Virginia.
St. Louis Walk of Fame.
Deaths from renal failure
Musicians from West Virginia
2005 deaths
1924 births
American rock musicians
Kowloon East (1998 constituency)

Kowloon East was a constituency in Hong Kong.
History
The constituency was made at the 1998 legislative election. This replaced several single-member constituencies in 1995. These were Kowloon East and parts of Kowloon Central in the 1991 election.
Constituencies of Hong Kong
Praxiteles

Praxiteles was the most famous of the sculptors of the 4th century BC. He was the first to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue. While no sculpture by Praxiteles is extant, numerous copies of his works have survived. Several authors, including Pliny the Elder, wrote of his works. Coins engraved with silhouettes of his various famous statuary types from the period still exist. His works include Hermes and the Infant Dionysus.
Sculptors
Ancient Greeks
4th-century BC births
Lagrasse

Lagrasse is a commune of 545 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude
Alex Cord

Alex Cord (born Alexander Viespi Jr.; May 3, 1933 - August 9, 2021) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Michael Coldsmith Briggs III on Airwolf. He was born in Floral Park, New York. His career lasted from 1961 until 2009.
Cord died on August 9, 2021 in Valley View, Texas at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
1933 births
2021 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York (state)
Actors from Texas
Bagnols-en-Forêt

Bagnols-en-Foret is a commune of 2,830 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Twin towns
Bagnols-en-Foret is twinned with:
Pieve di Teco, Italy
References
Communes in Var
Ditat Deus

Ditat Deus is the state motto of Arizona. It is featured on the state's seal. It means "God enriches" in Latin.
References
Arizona
Latin state mottos of the United States
The Monkey's Paw

"The Monkey's Paw" is a supernatural horror short story by William Wymark Jacobs. It was published in 1902, in the book The Lady of the Barge. It is one of the most famous horror short stories of English literature. It is based on the idea that the holder of a talisman has three wishes. In this case, the talisman is the mummified paw of a monkey. In the story, the wishes are granted, but the results are unexpectedly negative.
The story has been the source for many movies, and a theatre play.
Other websites
"The Monkey's Paw"; Full Short Story Text
Gaslight edition of the story
Monkey's Paw Radio Play
Podcast of "The Monkey's Paw" as read by John Lithgow
Books That Grow leveled book
English literature
Horror and fiction
Gainsborough

Gainsborough is a town and civil parish in West Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 16,869 people living in Gainsborough.
References
Towns in Lincolnshire
West Lindsey
Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
Robert A. Rovner

Robert A. Rovner (September 28, 1943 - September 8, 2021) was an American radio personality, politician and lawyer. He was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 6th district from 1971 to 1974. Rovner was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Rovner died in Philadelphia on September 8, 2021 at the age of 77.
References
1943 births
2021 deaths
American radio personalities
Lawyers from Philadelphia
Politicians from Philadelphia
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Jean-Pierre Houdin

Jean-Pierre Houdin (born 1951) is a French architect. He developed a theory detailing how the Great Pyramid of Giza was built.
1951 births
Living people
French architects
Héricourt, Pas-de-Calais

Hericourt, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Dokkyo University

Dokkyo University is a university in Soka city of Saitama Prefecture, Japan. This university is well known for its Foreign Language Department.
History
Dokkyo University started in 1883.
Colleges and universities in Japan
Paul Bowles

Paul Frederic Bowles (December 30, 1910 - November 18, 1999) was an American composer and writer. From 1947 to the end of his life, he lived in Tangier, Morrocco.
Bowles started college at the University of Virginia. He soon left it and went to Paris. He met Gertude Stein and Alice B. Toklas. When he returned to the United States, he started to study music with Aaron Copland. In 1931, Stein and Toklas told them to move to Morrocco. And they did. Bowles wrote his first chamber and solo piano works there. Later he went to Guatemala, Mexico, Ceylon, southern India and the Sahara. The music in those places had an influence on his own music.
In 1938 he married the writer Jane Auer. She was a lesbian, and he was bisexual. It was not an ordinary marriage. They moved to Morrocco in 1948. After that move, Bowles wrote less music and more fiction.
His novels and short stories are often about Americans who come to North Africa to get away from the technology and noise of modern life. Things go wrong for them in the different culture.
Bowles died of a heart attack in a hospital in Tangier. He is buried with his wife, Jane, in Lakemont, New York.
Books
The Sheltering Sky (1949)
The Delicate Prey and Other Stories (1950)
Let It Come Down (1952)
The Spider's House (1955)
Up Above the World (1966)
Without Stopping (autobiography) (1972)
Two Years Beside The Strait (autobiography) (1990)
Days: Tangier Journal (autobiography) (1991)
Collected Stories, 1939-1976 (1979)
References
1910 births
1999 deaths
American writers
LGBT writers
American composers
Attignat

Attignat is a commune. It is found in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region in the Ain department in the east of France. In 2009, 2,850 people lived in the commune. The inhabitants are the Attignatis. The local economy is mostly based around commerce. The most important monuments in the commune are the Saint-Loup d'Attignat church, originally from the 12th century, and the ruins of the Chateau de Jalamonde, a feudal castle. Famous people from Attignat include Antoine Gallery, a French poet from the 17th century who was born in the commune.
Communes in Ain
Skhid

"Skhid" - journal of analysis and new ideas (). From 1995 to 2014 the Journal was published in Donetsk (Ukraine). From the late 2014 to date it has been published in Mariupol of Donetsk Region (Ukraine). Profile: "Skhid" highlights the results of research in economics, history and philosophy. Languages of the publication: Ukrainian, Russian and English. Periodicity: 6 issues a year.
During the years of activity (1995-2019) the journal managed to attract authoritative authorship while providing opportunities for young authors to publish research results.
Scientometrics: INDEX COPERNICUS VALUE (ICV) 2015 - 64,77 2014 - 64.29
Other websites
Official website journal SKHID
Wolodymyr Bileckyj. Czasopismo "Wschod" w przestrzeni informacyjnej Ukrainy // Uniwersytet Jagiellonski. Nowa Ukraina. 1-2 (7-8) 2009. S.149-151.
Bibliografiia zhurnalu "Skhid" (1995-2006 rr.)/V.S.Bilets'kii, G.V.Simchenko, A.O.Lisenko. - Donets'k: Skhidnii vidavnichii dim, Ukrayins'kii kul'turologichnii tsentr, Donets'ke viddilennia NTSh, 2007. - 256 s. http://www.experts.in.ua/baza/doc/detail.php?ID=20885
References
Journals
1995 establishments
Ukrainian culture
Chad Michael Murray

Chad Michael Murray (born August 24, 1981) is an American actor and former fashion model. He is best known for playing Lucas Scott in The WB/CW drama series One Tree Hill (2003-09, 2012). He also played Tristan Dugray on The WB/CW series Gilmore Girls (2000-01), and Charlie Todd in the fifth season of The WB series Dawson's Creek (2001-02).
References
Other websites
Official website
Bio at TVGuide.com
Bio at Starpulse.com
1981 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Buffalo, New York
Writers from Buffalo, New York
Models from New York (state)
Richard Baer

Richard Baer (September 9, 1911 - June 17, 1963) was the third German commander of the concentration camp Auschwitz.
1911 births
1963 deaths
German prisoners
German war criminals
Holocaust perpetrators
SS officers
Brenner (TV series)

Brenner is an American crime drama series that aired on CBS from 6 June, 1959 to 19 July, 1964. It starred Edward Binns, James Broderick, Dick O'Neill, Walter Greaza, Sydney Pollack, Gene Hackman.
Other websites
Brenner at the Classic Television Archive, with a list of episodes
1959 television series debuts
1964 television series endings
American crime drama television series
1950s American television series
1960s American television series
CBS network shows
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs
Elmer Ewert

Elmer Ewert is an archer from Canada. Ewert competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 19 September 1934.
References
Other websites
1934 births
Living people
Canadian archers
Canadian Olympians
Sportspeople from Ontario
Joan Quigley

Joan Quigley (April 10, 1927 - October 23, 2014), was an American astrologer. She was best known for her astrological advice to Nancy and Ronald Reagan during the 1980s. Quigley was born in Kansas City, Missouri.
She was called on by First Lady Nancy Reagan in 1981 after John Hinckley's attempted assassination of the president. She stayed on as the White House astrologer in secret until being revealed in 1988 by former chief of staff Donald Regan.
Quigley died after a short illness on October 23, 2014 in San Francisco, California, aged 87.
References
1927 births
2014 deaths
American esotericists
Astrologers
Disease-related deaths in San Francisco
Businesspeople from Kansas City, Missouri
Wibaux, Montana

Wibaux is a town in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Wibaux County. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 589 people living there.
Beaver Creek runs through the town. It has been known to contain large Walleye and Northern pike.
References
Towns in Montana
County seats in Montana
Sains-lès-Fressin

Sains-les-Fressin is a commune in Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in north France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Yard (disambiguation)

A yard is a unit of length in some measuring systems.
Yard can also mean:
Yard (land), an open space around a building. For instance, the space around a school is called a school yard. A yard is used by humans and their pets. If there is wild space next to it, like forest land, swamp land, a beach or a lake, this will not normally be considered "part of" the yard - the yard ends at the edge of it.
Yard (sailing), a spar on a traditional sailing ship
Brickyard, a place where bricks are made or stored
Nora

Nora is a town in the county of Orebro in Sweden. It is the seat of Nora Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Orebro County
Vaiden, Mississippi

Vaiden is a town in Carroll County, Mississippi, United States and its first county seat. The population was 734 at the 2010 census.
References
Towns in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Talbot County, Georgia

Talbot County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 5,733 people lived there. The county seat is Talbotton.
References
1827 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Il macigno

Il macigno (The Rock) is an Italian opera in two or three acts, music by Victor de Sabata and libretto by Alberto Colantuoni, It was first performed in Milan, on March 31, 1917. Then in 1935 in Turin, the work was renamed with the title changed to Driada, unfortunately the score disappeared in the fire bombing of the World War II in Milan in 1943, but remained a score for voice and piano, and the complete libretto.
Principal characters
Driada - soprano
Ibetto - tenor
Martano - baritone
Gian della Tolfa - bass
Structure of opera
Act I
Preludio e Introduzione : Chi gunge per Santa Palazia? (Coro, Lionetta, Martano)
Empiro la tua soglia (Lionetta, Driada, Coro)
Fiata il vespro sui clivi (Coro)
Driada, Driada! (Martano, Driada, Buttaro)
Posa il tuo ferro (Gian della Tolfa, Coro, Martano)
Per la sera fasciata (Driada, Ibetto)
A la catasta! (Martano, Driada, Ibetto)
Act II; Part One
Levata, s'e la stella - Driada (Ibetto, Driada)
Scendono! - E la pieve rintocca a mattutino (Lionetta, Donne)
Genti del monte (Gian della Tolfa, Priore, Coro)
Falce, mia falce! - (Martano)
Orsu disciogliete l'abbraccio! (Gian della Tolfa, Martano, Coro, Allodio Fosca, Gancitello)
Act II; Part Two or Act III
Giunto sei? (Gianni Ocricchio, Gabaldo di Norcia, Smozzato, Fusco Cammarese, Ibetto)
Immota sei ma viva, creatura?! (Ibetto, Driada)
Ah no! E febbre! Follia! (Ibetto, Driada, Martano, Coro)
References
1910s operas
1917 works
Peter Leko

Peter Leko (; born 8 September 1979) in Subotica, Yugoslavia is the leading Hungarian chess grandmaster.
He became a grandmaster in 1994 at the age of 14 years (a world record at the time). He was the challenger in the Classical World Championship 2004 against Vladimir Kramnik. He tied with Kramnik 7-7, so Kramnik kept his title. Leko's best world ranking was fourth, first achieved in April 2003.
References
1979 births
Living people
Hungarian chess players
Chess grandmasters
Octet rule

The octet rule is a general rule of thumb that applies to most atoms. It states that every atom might want to have eight valence electrons in its outermost electron shell.
Background
According to the Bohr model, an atom consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons orbited by a number of electrons. In an ordinary atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons. If it has more or fewer electrons, it is an ion. In addition, the electrons orbit in electron shells. Each shell can only contain a certain number of electrons before new electrons must migrate to the next shell or "energy level." Starting with the third energy level, however, electrons sometimes move up a level even before the current one is full.
The rule
Every atom tries to have 8 electrons in its outermost (or valence) shell. This may require them to give up, share, or take electrons. As stated above, the number of electrons normally equals the number of protons. This means that some atoms are "happier" than others. For example, neon, as with other noble gases, naturally has 8 valence electrons. (10 total - 2 in the 1st energy level = 8 in the 2nd) Not surprisingly, neon hardly ever reacts with anything. (Neon lights require high voltages to work.) By contrast, the atoms in the Alkaline metals column, such as sodium, have only one valence electron, with a layer containing 8 electrons in the shell below. This means that sodium only has to give up one valence electron in order to complete the octet rule, and will do so if given the chance, hence why sodium is so chemically reactive.
Chemistry
Lasse Günther

Lasse Gunther (born 21 March 2003) is a German footballer who plays as a winger for Bundesliga club FC Augsburg.
References
Other websites
2003 births
Living people
German footballers
FC Augsburg players
Milton County, Georgia

Milton County, Georgia was a county in the U.S. state of Georgia that existed between 1857 and 1931. The county's capital was Alpharetta. In 1931, Milton County was merged with Fulton County in order to save it from bankruptcy during the Great Depression. Campbell County, located 50 miles to the south, suffered the same fate.
During the 2000s, residents of northern Fulton county expressed their desire to recreate Milton County, out of both economical and social reasons. A bill was brought to the Georgia state legislature, however it was rejected because Georgia's constitution prohibits the creation of more than 159 counties in the state.
1857 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) counties
Still (Macy Gray song)

"Still" is a 2000 song by American singer Macy Gray. It is the third single from her debut studio album On How Life Is. It went to number 18 in the United Kingdom, number 17 in Scotland, number 8 in New Zealand, number 30 in Ireland and number 21 in Australia.
Track listings
UK CD1
"Still" (album version) - 4:15
"Still" (X-Ecutioner's remix) - 4:16
"I Try" (Jo Whiley Radio 1 Session) - 4:15
"Still" (video) - 4:06
UK CD2
"Still" (album version) - 4:15
"Still" (Attica Blues mix) - 7:13
"I Try" (Grand Style mix) - 4:57
UK cassette single
"Still" (album version) - 4:15
"I Try" (Grand Style mix) - 4:57
European CD1
"Still" (album version) - 4:15
"I Try" (Jo Whiley Radio 1 Session) - 4:15
European CD2
"Still" (album version) - 4:15
"Still" (X-Ecutioner's remix) - 4:16
"Still" (Attica Blues mix) - 7:13
"I Try" (Jo Whiley Radio 1 Session) - 4:15
Australian CD1
"Still" - 4:15
"Still" (X-Ecutioner's remix) - 4:16
"Still" (Attica Blues mix) - 7:13
"I Try" (Grand Style mix) - 4:57
"I Try" (Jo Whiley Radio 1 Session) - 4:15
Australian CD2
"Still" - 4:15
"I Try" - 3:59
"I Try" (Grand Style mix) - 4:57
References
2000 songs
2000s ballads
Macy Gray songs
Hamed Bahiraei

Hamed Bahiraei (born 12 July 1995) is an Iranian footballer who plays as an Attacking midfielder for Nassaji in the Iran Pro League.
1995 births
Living people
Iranian footballers
Association football midfielders
People from Isfahan
Kashima-jingū

, also known as Kashima-jinja, is a Japanese Shinto shrine in Kashima, Ibaraki on the island of Honshu.
History
Kashima was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of the old Hitachi Province. It serves today as one of the ichinomiya of Ibaraki Prefecture.
This place is special to the kami named .
In the modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines, Kashima was listed in the middle range of ranked Imperial shrines or which included 23 sanctuaries.
References
Other websites
Kashima Jingu website
Shinto shrines
Kanpei-taisha
Ichinomiya
Chokusaisha
Christian Klein

Christian Klein is a German manager who is the current chief executive officer at SAP SE.
References
Prokaryote

Prokaryotes (or Monera) are some of the simplest living things. They are unicellular organisms and they include two major divisions of simple living beings: bacteria, and Archaea. They generally do not have a cell nucleus, nuclear membrane or cell organelles, however a small number of exceptions have been found. Prokaryotes possess genetic material in the form of a single DNA loop called a Nucleoid that floats around freely inside the cell. Bacteria include the Cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae due to their photosynthetic capacity).
Some form biofilms that are somewhat like multicellular organisms.
Besides a nucleus, prokaryotes lack other things eukaryotes (cells with a true nucleus) have. They reproduce without fusion of gametes. They do not have membranes. This means that there are no vacuoles, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticula or other organelles inside the cell. However, they do have ribosomes, though of a simpler kind than eukaryotes. Eukaryote cells include organelles which were once free-living prokaryotes.
Taxonomy
In 1977, Carl Woese proposed dividing prokaryotes into the Bacteria and Archaea (originally Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) because of the major differences in the structure and genetics between the two groups of organisms. This arrangement of Eukaryota (also called "Eukarya"), Bacteria, and Archaea is called the three-domain system, replacing the traditional two-empire system.
The Archaea include simple organisms which were first discovered in extreme environments. Most of them can survive at very high or very low temperatures. Some of them can also survive in highly salty, acidic or alkaline water. Some have been found in geysers, black smokers or oil wells.
The prokaryotes may not be a monophyletic, taxonomic group of common descent, but merely a group of similar organisms. The relationships between Archaea, Eubacteria and Eukaryota are assessed differently by different scientists. The three-domain system of Carl Woese treats them as one monophyletic group.
References
Cell biology
Sävsjö

Savsjo is an urban area in the county of Jonkoping in Sweden. It is the seat of Savsjo Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Jonkoping County
Lux Occulta

Lux Occulta is an Polish avant-garde metal band formed in 1994.
Discography
Studio albums
Forever Alone, Immortal (1996)
Dionysos (1997)
My Guardian Anger (1999)
The Mother and the Enemy (2001)
Kolysanki (2014)
References
Progressive metal bands
Polish musical groups
Musical groups established in 1994
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
Eastern Division, Fiji

The Eastern Division is one of four divisions in Fiji. The capital of the division is Levuka, on the Ovalau island.
It has Kadavu Province, Lau Province, Lomaiviti Province and Rotuma. Other islands in the division include Kadavu, Gau, Koro, Nairai, Moala, Matuku, Vatu Vara, Naitaba, Mago, Cicia, Tuvuca, Lakeba, Vanua Vatu, Oneata, Vuaqava, Kabara, Moce, and Fulaga.
Eastern
Government-in-exile

A government-in-exile is a group of people who claim they are the real government of a country, but who live in another country. These were common during World War II. The Germans took over several countries, and the leaders of those countries went to England for refuge. When the war ended, most were able to return to their home countries.
Today, there are some governments-in-exile. They include:
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in the Tindouf region in Algeria
the government of the Belarus National Republic exiled since 1920 and currently led by Ivonka Survilla in Canada
the government of the Dalai Lama in India, claiming to be the real leaders of Tibet, which was taken over by the Chinese
the former provinsional Bangladeshi government was exiled, claiming to be the real leaders of East Bengal province, which was taken over by the Pakistani military.
the former provinsional Afghan government was ousted by the Taliban, claiming to be the real leaders of Afghanistan#History, which was taken over by the American military, after they left in 2021 in the War on Terror.
Few countries recognize (accept) these groups.
There used to be more governments-in-exile in the past (more commonly during World War II), but many have either disbanded, were able to regain power of the country they left from, or transfer their creditials (assets) to the new government.
Related pages
Exile
References
Hercules (constellation)

Hercules is a constellation in the northern part of the sky. It represents the mythological Hercules of Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by an astronomer known as Ptolemy around the year 150 CE. It is now one of the 88 modern constellations on the International Astronomical Union's list.
References
Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Ilium

The ilium is one of the three bones which make up the pelvis in tetrapods. These include the bones that are usually called "hips", e.g. 'putting your hands on your hips'.
Bones
he:Agn#KHsl
British Rail Class 933

The British Rail Class 933 was reserved for former Southern Region electrical multiple units converted for departmental use. Originally the series was reserved for Mobile Instruction units. In recent years, however, this series appears to have been discontinued.
933
Erlenbach, Switzerland

Erlenbach is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Zurich
White nationalism

White nationalism is a type of nationalism that sees white people as a race. It also wants to keep a national identity of white people as a race. Many believers of white nationalism see certain countries (often their own country) as being countries that are for white people only. Often, supporters of white nationalism can also believe in white supremacy, nazism, Ku Klux Klan and other racist policies and ideas.
References
Nationalism