pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
1826–1837 cholera pandemic

The second cholera pandemic is also known as the Asiatic cholera pandemic. It was a cholera pandemic that spread from India to the entire West Asia, then to the United Kingdom and the Americas, and then to China and Japan.
The cause of cholera was not known until later in the 19th century. Cholera and typhus are bacterial diseases. Cholera spread by the absence of, or defective, sewage treatment or defective water supply systems. Typhus is spread by lice, chiggers and fleas.
Related pages
For the disease, see cholera and John Snow.
For the development of modern water treatment, see Joseph Bazalgette.
For another cause of pandemics, see typhus.
1830s
1820s
02
Reseda, Los Angeles

Reseda is a neighborhood in Los Angeles. It is in the San Fernando Valley region. Earthquakes struck the neighborhood in 1971 and 1994. Reseda was founded in 1912 and was dedicated to farming for many years. During the late 1930s, Reseda was known for being one of the largest producers of lettuce in the United States. During the 1940s, Reseda saw a huge expansion in suburban areas, as well as the loss of farmland. This would cause the population of Reseda to jump to over 16,000 by 1950.
Neighborhoods of Los Angeles
Jewel of the Seas

The MS Jewel of the Seas is a cruise ship belonging to Royal Caribbean's Radiance class.
References
Other websites
Official website
Cruise ships
Tao Okamoto

, known professionally as Tao, is a Japanese actress and model. She appeared as Mariko Yashida in the 2013 movie The Wolverine; and played Mercy Graves in the 2016 movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.
References
1985 births
Living people
Japanese models
Japanese movie actors
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil

Isabel (29 July 1846 - 14 November 1921), nicknamed "the Redemptress", was Regent of the Empire of Brazil and titular Empress as successor to her father, the last reigning Emperor Pedro II. She was heiress presumptive to the Brazilian throne, bearing the title of Princess Imperial until 1891 when her father, deposed in 1889 in a military coup d'etat, died and she was recognized as his successor by the countries who still did not acknowledged the First Brazilian Republic as well as by a large sector of the Brazilian society.
Life
Isabel was born in Rio de Janeiro, the eldest daughter of Emperor Pedro II and Empress Teresa Cristina, and thus she was a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza (Portuguese: Braganca). After the deaths of her two brothers in infancy, she was recognized as her father's heiress presumptive. She married a French prince, Gaston, Count of Eu, in an arranged marriage and they had three sons.
During her father's absences abroad, Isabel acted as regent. In her third and final regency, she actively promoted and ultimately signed a law, named Lei Aurea or the Golden Law, emancipating all slaves in Brazil. Even though the action was broadly popular, there was strong opposition to her succession to the throne by the conservative elites. Her gender, strong Catholic faith and marriage to a foreigner were seen as impediments against her. The emancipation of the slaves generated dislike among powerful planters. In 1889, her family was deposed in a military coup. Then she spent the last 30 years of her life in exile in France.
References
|-
|-
1846 births
1921 deaths
Brazilian royalty
Microsoft Office 2000

Microsoft Office 2000 is a business software developed by Microsoft. Successors like Office 97 and Microsoft Office 2000 introduced the ''Office News'' channel on May 14, 1999. Microsoft Office 2000 was released on June 7, 1999, along with Windows 2000 Beta 1.
History and development
Development of Office 2000 started at the beginning of Windows 98 Beta 2 in January 1997, with version 10.9.0. Development ended on December 31st, 1997. Microsoft announced in 1999 that they would be releasing Microsoft Office 2000 with the "Office News" channel. They announced it in New York City and Redmond, Washington.
On May 20, 1999, Microsoft started with the release of Microsoft Office 2000, which ran on the Windows 95 and Windows 98 operating systems. On June 7, 1999, Microsoft released Office 2000 worldwide.
Support
Microsoft Office 2000 was supported on Windows 95 and Windows 98. Microsoft released Office 2000 for Windows 2000 on March 17, 2000. Office 2000 was released for Windows ME on September 19, 2000.
On August 29, 2001, Windows XP was released with Microsoft Office 2000. At the time, Windows Vista did not support Microsoft Office 2000.
Support life cycles
On July 20, 2004, Microsoft announced that they would be ending all support for Microsoft Office 2000. BBC News and The New York Times announced that Microsoft Office 2000 would no longer be supported on September 20, 2004. It was supported for 6 years in total.
References
Microsoft Office
Microsoft software
Anthony Provenzano

Anthony Provenzano (May 7, 1917 - December 12, 1988), also known as Tony Pro, was an American mobster. He was a member of the Genovese crime family New Jersey faction. Provenzano was known for his dealings with Teamsters Union director Jimmy Hoffa due to Provenzano's job as an International Brotherhood of Teamsters president for Local 560 in Union City, New Jersey. He was born in New York City.
On December 12, 1988, Provenzano died of a heart attack at Lompoc Federal Penitentiary in Lompoc, California, aged 71.
References
1917 births
1988 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Criminals from New York City
Johannes Heesters

Johan Marius Nicolaas "Johannes" Heesters (5 December 1903 - 24 December 2011), known professionally as Johannes Heesters, as a Dutch actor, singer, and entertainer.
He worked for 91 years, and almost always worked in German-speaking Europe. Heesters was one of the oldest working people in entertainment. Some people have had problems with Heesters because he once sang for Adolf Hitler. He also supported the Nazi Germany during World War II.
Heesters was married twice: to Belgian actress Louise Ghijs (1906-1985) from 1930 until her death and from 1992-2011 to Simone Rethel. Heesters has two daughters from his first marriage and five grandchildren, eleven great-grandchildren, twenty-five great-great-grandchildren and one great-great-great-grandson as of 2011. His younger daughter Nicole Heesters is a well-known actress in the German-speaking world, as is his granddaughter Saskia Fischer.
On 1 January 2008, he fell down some stairs in his holiday house in Tyrol and broke two ribs.
On 29 November 2011, he suddenly fell ill and was rushed into a hospital. He was operated on to fit a heart pacemaker. He was allowed home less than a week later. This was in time to spend his 108th birthday the next day with family. He did not feel strong enough to make the planned stage appearance to sing in celebration of his birthday. He also missed the premiere of his latest movie, Ten. Due to a relapse in his condition, on 17 December he went back to the hospital. He had a stroke and died on Christmas Eve 2011.
Discography
Albums
1965: Jetzt geh' ich ins Maxim
2003: Ich werde 100 Jahre alt
Singles
1937: "Ich werde jede Nacht von ihnen traumen"
1939: "Musik, Musik, Musik" (featuring Marika Rokk)
1941: "Liebling, was wird nun aus uns beiden"
1941: "Man musste Klavier spielen konnen"
1949: "Das kommt mir spanisch vor"
1949: "Tausendmal mochte' ich dich kussen"
1998: "Ich werde 100 Jahre alt" (song)
2007: "Generationen" (featuring Claus Eisenmann)
Honours, decorations, awards
1984: Bavarian Order of Merit
1993: Berlinian Order of Merit
2000: Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna
Bambi in 1967, 1987, 1990, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
2001: Platinum Romy (TV award)
2003: Goldene Kamera
2004: Kammersanger
Filmography
References
Other websites
Official website (in German)
Postcards and tobacco cards
1903 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Dutch centenarians
Dutch movie actors
Dutch people of World War II
Dutch singers
Dutch stage actors
Dutch television actors
Dutch voice actors
Musicians from Utrecht (province)
People from Amersfoort
Blackout (album)

Blackout is pop music singer Britney Spears' fifth studio album. It was released in late 2007 by Jive Records.
It had the singles "Gimme More", "Piece Of Me", and "Break The Ice".
2007 albums
Britney Spears albums
Pop albums
Serbia and Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: Srbija i Tsrna Gora, Srbija I Crna Gora, abbreviated as "SCG") was the name of the state union of Serbia and Montenegro. They used to be two separate Yugoslav republics. In 2006, they became their own countries.
It was on the west-central Balkan Peninsula, next Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia on the western sides, Hungary to the north, Romania and Bulgaria to the east, North Macedonia to the south and Albania to the southwest, with just over 200 km of coast on the Adriatic.
Serbia and Montenegro worked together in only some political areas. The states had separate economic policies and currencies (money). Although both the states now had more freedom to do as they are pleased than they did as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro were still a Sovereign State united under one government.
The people of Montenegro still wanted independence though, on 21 May 2006 they held a vote to ask the Montenegrins whether they still wanted to stay in the union. The independence vote was won by 55.5%. On 3 June 2006 Montenegro declared independence; followed by Serbia's declaration of independence two days later on 5 June 2006 .
Former countries in the Balkans
Former federations
Former republics
1992 establishments in Europe
2006 disestablishments in Europe
DirecTV

DirecTV (stylized as DIRECTV) is an American satellite television service provider. The company is based in California. It is part of AT&T.
Its satellite service began on June 17, 1994. The service provides digital satellite television to households in the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean Islands.
DirecTV also has internet television service.
Customer Service
In 2007, DirecTV was awarded a J.D. Power award for cable and satellite TV satisfaction.
The customer service of DirecTV is provided by many third-party owned call centers both inside and outside the U.S.
Review from Better Business Bureau
In August 2008, The Boston Globe reported that DirecTV had been receiving as many as 20,000 complaints in almost three years to Better Business Bureau about DirecTV slipping on cancellation fees.
In August 2010, Better Business Bureau reported that it had gotten over 39,000 complaints in the previous three years. The BBB gave DirecTV an F (failing) grade. Many of these complaints concerned the fees for early termination, billing and service issues.
References
American television providers
1994 establishments in California
Companies based in Los Angeles
Saints (book)

Saints (1983) is a historical fiction book that was written by Orson Scott Card. Saints tells about the fictional character named Dinah Kirkham, from Manchester, England, who goes to the United States and becomes one of the multiple wives of Joseph Smith, who is founder of the Latter Day Saint movement.
Saints was originally named Woman Of Destiny, even though Orson Scott Card was against this.
Other websites
About the book Saints from Card's website
1983 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
Personalized video game

A personalized video game is a video game made for specific people, usually as a luxury gift. It can contain personal information of who the game is for. They are usually made for birthdays, anniversaries and engagement proposals.
History
A short time after the video game industry started, personalized video games were first given as luxury gifts. In a well-known example, Kevin Smith gave a game to Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez where Lopez must find and rescue Affleck from a kidnapping.
Amuse Me, one of the first professional services, was started by Abdel Bounane in 2011. Games were made manually and cost up to $67,000. Florent Deloison, one of Amuze Me's game artists, said "Amuse Me makes personalized games in one's image, like having your portrait made by a painter,".
TinglyGames, a developer based in the Netherlands, started Greeting Games in 2014. Users were able to customize and send casual games as e-cards themselves.
Amelus Digital, an Australian game studio, started HEART2GAME in 2017. It manually makes games for multiple types of event. They only made games for romantic events until 2018.
Petr Hudecek started Bday Game in 2018. It manually makes pixel-art RPG games.
Freelance game developers offer cheap personalized video game services at places such as Fiverr.
References
Video games
Oberndorf in Tirol

Oberndorf in Tirol is a municipality of the district of Kitzbuhel in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Chess club

A chess club is a place where people come to play chess. Sometimes, chess clubs host chess tournaments. Many chess clubs are open to the public, while others are for groups of people in a specific area or people in a specific school.
Related pages
Chess pieces
Checkmate
Master (chess)
Grandmaster (chess)
Chess
CBS Television Studios

CBS Television Studios, Inc. is an American television production company founded in 2009 as the successor to CBS Paramount Network Television. It is a subsidiary of CBS Entertainment Group.
Columbia Broadcasting System
Companies based in Los Angeles
2009 establishments in the United States
Soulce-Cernay

Soulce-Cernay is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Gary Kelly

Gary Kelly (born 9 July 1974) is a former Irish football player. He has played for Leeds United and Republic of Ireland national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="16"|Leeds United||First Division||2||0||0||0||1||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="12"|Premier League||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993/94||42||0||3||0||2||0||0||0||47||0
|-
|1994/95||42||0||4||0||2||0||0||0||48||0
|-
|1995/96||34||0||5||0||8||0||4||0||51||0
|-
|1996/97||36||2||4||0||3||0||0||0||43||2
|-
|1997/98||34||0||4||0||3||0||0||0||41||0
|-
|1998/99||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1999/00||31||0||3||0||2||0||11||0||47||0
|-
|2000/01||24||0||1||0||1||0||12||0||36||0
|-
|2001/02||20||0||1||0||1||0||3||0||25||0
|-
|2002/03||25||0||4||1||0||0||6||0||35||1
|-
|2003/04||37||0||0||0||2||0||0||0||39||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|League Championship||43||0||1||0||3||0||0||0||47||0
|-
|2005/06||44||0||2||1||0||0||0||0||46||1
|-
|2006/07||16||0||0||0||2||0||0||0||18||0
430||2||32||2||30||0||36||0||528||4
430||2||32||2||30||0||36||0||528||4
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1994||10||1
|-
|1995||8||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||7||0
|-
|1998||3||0
|-
|1999||2||0
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
|2001||9||1
|-
|2002||10||0
|-
!Total||52||2
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Irish footballers
People from County Louth
Hooke's law

It is a law of mechanics and physics discovered by Robert Hooke.
This theory of elasticity says the extension of a spring is proportional to the load applied to it. Many materials obey this law as long as the load does not exceed the material's elastic limit. Materials for which Hooke's law is useful are known as linear-elastic or "Hookean" materials.
The spring equation
The length of a spring always changes by the same amount when it is pushed or pulled. The equation for this is:
where
F is how much (push or pull) is on the spring
k is a constant, the stiffness of the spring.
x is how far the spring was pushed or pulled
When x = 0, the spring is at the equilibrium position.
This equation only works on a linear spring. A linear spring is a spring that is only being pushed or pulled in one direction, such as left or right or up or down.
Elastic potential energy
Examples of everyday objects that have elastic potential energy are stretched or compressed elastic bands, springs, bungee cords, car shock absorbers, etc.
Elastic potential energy is the energy saved in an object that is stretched, compressed (compression is pressing objects together), twisted or bent. For example, an arrow gets the elastic potential energy from the bow. When it leaves the bow, the potential energy turns into kinetic energy.
The equation of the elastic potential energy is:
Which means:
U is the elastic potential energy.
k is the spring constant.
x is the distance pushed or pulled.
Mechanical engineering
Elasticity (physics)
Sky UK

Sky UK Limited is a satellite television company owned by Comcast. It used to be called British Sky Broadcasting Limited, BSkyB and Sky. It offers television and broadband Internet services in the United Kingdom.
History
Origins
The present service can trace its heritage back to 1990, when BSkyB's predecessors British Satellite Broadcasting encrypted their respective film channels - Sky Movies and The Movie Channel which required viewers to get decoding equipment and a subscription to watch the channels. After the two companies merged, subscribers could get access to both channels, and two years later, the sports channel Sky Sports also became encrypted.
Related pages
Sky Sports
Sky News
References
1990 establishments in the United Kingdom
Pandemic Studios

Pandemic Studios was a video game developer that was started in 1998. It became owned by Electronic Arts from 2007 to 2009. It was an Australian and American company, with offices in Brisbane and Los Angeles.
Pandemic Studios developed the first two main titles of the successful Star Wars: Battlefront series; those were Star Wars: Battlefront and Star Wars: Battlefront II. It also developed Full Spectrum Warrior, the Mercenaries series, and the last game in the Army Men series.
Their office in Brisbane was closed in February 2009. In November 2009, Electronic Arts cut a total of 1,500 jobs, including at Pandemic. The company was officially closed on 17 November 2009. The rest of the staff were moved to EA Los Angeles to support Mercs Inc, a sequel to the Mercenaries series.
Games developed (made)
Battlezone II (1999)
Dark Reign 2 (2000)
Triple Play 2002 (2002)
Army Men RTS (2002)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2002)
Full Spectrum Warrior (2004)
Star Wars: Battlefront (2004)
Star Wars: Battlefront II (2005)
Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction (2005)
Destroy All Humans! (2005)
Destroy All Humans! 2 (2006)
Mercenaries 2: World in Flames (2008)
The Lord of the Rings: Conquest (2009)
The Saboteur (2009)
References
American video game companies
Companies based in Los Angeles
Companies of Australia
Organizations based in Brisbane
Dave Sime

David William "Dave" Sime (July 25, 1936 - January 12, 2016) was an American sprinter. He ranked as one of the fastest humans of all time. He held many sprint records during the late 1950s. He won a silver medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He later became an ophthalmologist (type of eye doctor) and pioneer of intraocular lens transplants.
Sime was born in Paterson, New Jersey. He grew up in Fair Lawn, New Jersey. He was married and had three children.
Sime died from cancer on January 12, 2016 in Miami, Florida. He was 79.
References
1936 births
2016 deaths
American Olympic silver medalists
American physicians
American sprinters
Cancer deaths in Florida
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Munah Pelham-Youngblood

Munah Evangeline Pelham-Youngblood (22 September 19838 July 2020) was a Liberian politician. She was elected twice to the Liberian House of Representatives. She was the youngest person ever elected to the Liberian parliament. She was a member of Congress for Democratic Change. She worked for President George Weah.
Pelham-Youngblood died in Accra, Ghana, on 8 July 2020 at the age of 36.
References
1983 births
2020 deaths
Liberian politicians
Wakinosaurus

Wakinosaurus (meaning "Wakino lizard") is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur. It is named from the find of a single tooth. The genus is dubious (doubtful) because it is almost impossible to assign further fossil material to it.
The find was made in Lower Cretaceous deposits in Fukuoka, Japan in 1990 by Masahiro Sato. The triangular-shaped tooth has fine serrations on its cutting edge, which is standard for a theropod dinosaur.
References
Dinosaurs of Asia
Lake Zug

The Lake Zug (German: Zugersee) is one of the lesser known Swiss lakes, on the outskirts of the Alps and north of Lake Lucerne. It is fed by the Aa, which descends from the Rigi and enters the south end of the lake. The Lorze feeds the lake at the northern shore.
For the most part, the lake is in the Canton of Zug, but the southern end is up to 10 km in the canton of Schwyz, while the Canton of Lucerne stretches over a 2 km area by the Immensee.
At its northern end the shores are nearly level, while on the west shore the wooded promontory of Buonas (with its castles, old and new) projects picturesquely into the waters. The principal place on the lake is the town of Zug. Three railways follow the shore of the lake, one from Zurich via Zug and Arth-Goldau to the St Gotthard, one from Lucerne via Arth-Goldau to the St Gotthard and one from Zurich via Zug to Lucerne.
Many fish (including pike and carp of considerable weights) are taken from the lake, which is especially famous for an endemic kind of trout (Salmo salvelinus, locally called Rolheli). Because of farming runoff, it is not one of Switzerland's cleanest lakes.
List of cities and places on the lake
Zug
Oberwil
Walchwil
Arth
Immensee
Buonas
Risch
Cham
Historical notes
In 1911, a railway was built around the lake.
The first steamer was placed on the lake in 1852.
Other websites
Waterlevels of Lake Zug at Zug
Lakes of Switzerland
Canton of Zug
Canton of Schwyz
Gras

Gras is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Communes in Ardeche
Lewis V. Baldwin

Lewis V. Baldwin (born 1949) is a professor of religious studies at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. He is an award-winning historian and author of a number of books on Martin Luther King, Jr.
Education
He was born and raised in Camden, Alabama. In 1971 he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in History. Baldwin studied at Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School from 1971 to 1975. He received his Master of Arts degree in 1973. In 1975 he received his Master of Divinity degree in Theology. In the autumn of 1975 he entered the Ph.D. program at Northwestern University. He completed his degree in 1980. In 1978 he was ordained a minister in Greenville Alabama by his father, Pastor L. V. Baldwin, Sr. On June 16, 1987, Baldwin became a deacon in the United Methodist Church.
Teaching career
Dr. Baldwin taught at the College of Wooster in Wooster, Ohio. He has also taught at Colgate University and Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School in New York. He was a professor at Fisk University and American Baptist College in Nashville before coming to Vanderbilt University. He lives in Nashville, Tennessee.
Bibliography
Dr. Baldwin is the author of over 60 articles and several books. These include:
"Invisible" Strands in African Methodism: A History of the African Union(1983)
Union American Methodist Episcopal Churches, 1805-1980(1983)
The Mark of a Man: Peter Spencer and the African Union Methodist Tradition (1987)
There Is a Balm in Gilead: The Cultural Roots of Martin Luther King, Jr. (1991)
To Make the Wounded Whole: The Cultural Legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr. (1992)
The legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr.: the boundaries of law, politics, and religion (1992)
Freedom is Never Free: A Biographical Portrait of E.D. Nixon, Sr. (1992)
Toward the Beloved Community: Martin Luther King, Jr. and South Africa (1995)
(co-author with Amiri YaSin Al-Hadid) Between Cross and Crescent: Christian and Muslim Perspectives on Malcolm and Martin (2002)
The Voice of Conscience: The Church in the Mind of Martin Luther King, Jr. (2010)
Never to Leave Us Alone: The Prayer Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. (2010)
"Thou, dear God" : prayers that open hearts and spirits, Martin Luther King, edited by Lewis V. Baldwin (2012)
"In a single garment of destiny" : a global vision of justice, Martin Luther King, edited by Lewis V. Baldwin (2012)
Awards
He received the "American Theological Library Association Award" for his book "Invisible" Strands. Baldwin won the "Midwest Book Achievement Award" of the Midwest Independent Publishers Association. This was for his book A Balm in Gilead.
References
Other websites
Vanderbilt's webpage about Dr. Baldwin
1949 births
Writers from Alabama
American historians
Living people
João Pessoa

Joao Pessoa () is a Brazilian city, capital of the state of Paraiba. It has about 660,000 inhabitants and an area of 210.45 km2.
Sources
Cities in Paraiba
Capitals of Brazilian states
1585 establishments
16th-century establishments in Brazil
Recognition signal

A recognition signal is a signal where a person, a ship, an airplane or something else is recognized. They can be used during war or can be used to help the police recognize each other during undercover operations. It can also be used in biology to signal that a molecule or chemical is to be bound to another molecule.
Recognition in war
These signals are often used to recognize friends and enemies in a war. For military use these signals often use colored lights or the International marine signal flags
Recognition of police
Other uses of the signal include the police who sometimes use a recognition signal so that officers in uniform can recognize officers in normal clothing (undercover). The NYPD often use headbands, wristbands or colored clothing as recognition signals which are known as the "color of the day".
Recognition in biology
A recognition signal is also a chemical signal used in biology to signal the end of a section of DNA or RNA during gene duplication in cells.
Related pages
Signal
Communication
Enrique Pena Nieto
International Code of Signals
Notes
Other websites
Signalman manual
Communication
Biology
Military terminology
William Desmond Taylor

William Desmond Taylor (born William Cunningham Deane-Tanner; 26 April 1872 - 1 February 1922) was an Irish director and actor. He was a popular person in the growing Hollywood motion picture business of the 1910s and early 1920s. He directed 59 silent movies between 1914 and 1922 and acted in 27 between 1913 and 1915.
Taylor was shot and killed by an unknown suspect on 1 February 1922 at his Los Angeles home. The murder remains an official cold case (unsolved).
References
Other websites
1872 births
1922 deaths
Murder in California
Murder victims
Deaths by firearm in the United States
Irish movie actors
Irish movie directors
Irish movie producers
List of nicknames for Chicago

This article lists nicknames for the city of Chicago, Illinois.
Main nicknames
"Mud City" - possibly the oldest nickname for the city, referring to the fact that the terrain of the city used to be a mud flat
"Windy City" - origins of this name are disputed; see Windy City (nickname)
"Chi-Town" (pr. Shy-Town) - also used for the hockey teams Chi-Town Shooters and Chi-Town Shamrocks
"Second City" - this could either be coming from the fact that Chicago had the second largest metropolitan area in the United States from 1889 to 1984 (Los Angeles is now larger) or most likely it is coming from the rebuilding of the city between the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893
"City of the Big Shoulders" - taken from the fifth line of Carl Sandburg's poem "Chicago"
Other Nicknames
"City by the Lake" - used as early as the 1890s
"City in a Garden" - English translation of the Latin motto on the city seal: "Urbs in Horto"
"The City that Works" - slogan from Mayor Richard J. Daley's tenure as mayor, describing Chicago as a blue-collar, hard-working city, which ran relatively smoothly
"Great Commercial Tree" - from the State Anthem of Illinois
"Heart of America" - Chicago is one of the largest transportation centers in America and its location is near the center of the United States
"The Great American City" - taken from Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Norman Mailer's book "Miami and the Siege of Chicago" (1968): "Chicago is the great American city ... perhaps [the last] of the great American cities"; "the notion that Chicago is arguably the most quintessential American city" was central to Robert J. Sampson's landmark research on communities, criminology, and urban sociology - Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect (2012)
"My Kind of Town" - from the song "My Kind of Town (Chicago Is)" (music by Jimmy Van Heusen, words by Sammy Cahn, 1964) popularized by Frank Sinatra in the movie Robin and the Seven Hoods about a fictional popular Chicago gangster
"The City Beautiful" - reference to the reform movement sparked by the World's Columbian Exposition, used by Hawk Harrelson when the Chicago White Sox open a game at U.S. Cellular Field
"Chi-beria" - a play on Siberia, a nickname largely used during the 2014 North American Cold Wave and during harsh cold winter times
"Chiraq" or "Chi-Raq" - a very controversial nickname coming from the combination of Chicago and Iraq. This is because of Chicago's high crime rates to the war-torn country Iraq; Spike Lee's 2015 movie Chi-Raq uses it as the title; considered offensive by many residents of the Chicago area
The 312 - reference to the area code used in The Loop and is seen on AT&T ads in the city
References
Chicago
Nicknames
Kafr Saad

Kafr Saad () is a city in Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is in the North East of the Nile Delta.
References
Cities in Egypt
Damietta Governorate
Rivers Cuomo

Rivers Cuomo (born June 13, 1970) is an American musician. He is best known for being a member of the rock band Weezer. Cuomo plays electric and acoustic guitar. He also knows how to play drums, bass guitar, clarinet, harmonica, keyboards, trumpet and piano. In 2007 he released an album on his own called Alone: The Home Recordings of Rivers Cuomo. It is a collection of eighteen demos he made between 1992 and 2007.
Personal life
Cuomo married Kyoko Ito on June 18, 2006.
References
American guitarists
American rock musicians
Musicians from New York City
Harvard University alumni
Living people
1970 births
Rita Hayworth

Margarita Carmen Cansino, usually called Rita Hayworth (October 17, 1918 - May 14, 1987), was an American actress of Spanish and Irish origin. She became famous as the greatest sex symbol of the 1940s.
Other websites
Obituary, New York Times, May 16, 1987 - Rita Hayworth, Movie Legend, Dies
Rita Hayworth Biography.
Find-A-Grave profile for Rita Hayworth
The All-American Love Goddess Rita Hayworth: 1918-1987 Time Magazine 1987 obituary.
California Carmen Hayworth's November 10, 1941 Time Magazine cover story article.
Cultural Studies essay on Rita
1918 births
1987 deaths
Actors from Brooklyn
American dancers
American movie actors
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in New York City
Aizuwakamatsu

is a city in the Aizu region of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.
Education
Universities and colleges
University of Aizu
Junior Collage of Aizu
Sister cities
Japanese sister cities
Mutsu, Aomori (Since September 23, 1984)
Naruto, Tokushima (Since October 30, 1999)
Ina, Nagano (Since September 24, 2000)
Yokosuka, Kanagawa (Since April 17, 2005)
International sister cities
Jingzhou (Since June 15, 1991)
Saipan (Since September 22, 2006)
References
Other websites
Aizuwakamatsu official website
Aizuwakamatsu official website
Cities in Fukushima Prefecture
Ankeny, Iowa

Ankeny is a city in Iowa in the United States.
It has the population of 65,854 and is the 3rd biggest city in Polk County.
References
Cities in Iowa
Shahbazpur Town

Shahbazpur Town is a small town, fishing port and administrative headquarters in Bangladesh. It is known for its wide natural rivers of Titas. It is the oldest river port. It is the oldest ferry terminal port area in Bangladesh. Shahbazpur Town is also known by the name "Shahbaz". Its old name (with diacritics) is Shahbaz or Shahbazpur. The modern Shahbazpur Town gets its name from Shahbaz Ali (died 1605), the emperor's representative of Mughal Empire.
Today, Shahbazpur Town, Titas River is one of the most-visited regional tourist destinations in Bangladesh. It has not yet become a major district tourist destination.
References
Other websites
Google Maps
Wikivoyage Map
Social Page
Brahmanbaria District Information
Information of this Populated place
Settlements in Bangladesh
Des Arc, Missouri

Des Arc is a village in Iron County, Missouri, United States.
Villages in Missouri
Thomas James Kinsman

Thomas James Kinsman (March 4, 1945 - May 15, 2017) was a United States Army soldier. He was known for being the recipient of the United States military's highest decoration--the Medal of Honor--for his actions in the Vietnam War.
Kinsman died on May 15, 2017 in Toledo, Washington at the age of 72.
References
Other websites
1945 births
2017 deaths
Medal of Honor recipients
Purple Heart recipients
Military people from Washington (state)
Aftenposten

Aftenposten is a Norwegian newspaper.
History
It was started in 1860; as of 2020, it is Norway's largest newspaper.
References
Newspapers in Norway
1860 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Norway
Metastasis

Metastasis is what happens when cancer spreads from its original place to another part of the body. Cancer cells spread from the original site to other places in the body by traveling through the bloodstream. When the cancer cells stick to a new place in the body, they grow and form another tumor there. Metastasis makes cures more difficult, or in many cases impossible.
Cancer
Liz Sheridan

Elizabeth Ann Sheridan (April 10, 1929 - April 15, 2022) was an American actress and dancer. She was born in Rye, New York. She was best known for her role as Jerry's mother in Seinfeld. She also played Edna Gordon in the 2009 romantic comedy Play the Game. She also played Raquel on ALF.
Sheridan died on April 15, 2022 from natural causes, five days after her 93rd birthday.
References
Other websites
1929 births
2022 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American dancers
Actors from New York (state)
People from Rye, New York
Burkholderia

Burkholderia is a genus of Pseudomonadota. These bacteria are gram-negative and they are aerobic (require oxygen to grow). They are rod-shaped and are motile, moving using a single or many flagella (tails), except for Burkholderia mallei, which is not motile.
Some bacteria in this genus cause disease in humans and animals. Burkholderia mallei causes glanders, a disease mostly found in horses. B. malle must infect a host mammal to live and it is transmitted from one host to another. Burkholderia cepacia, typically found in soil and water, is a pathogen that may cause pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis. Burkholderia pseudomalle mainly lives in soil and it can cause melioidosis in humans through contact with contaminated soil or water.
Microbiology
Burkholderia species are gram-negative bacteria. They are aerobic so require oxygen to grow.
Antibiotic resistance is a problem when treating B. mallei and B. pseudomallei infections.
Taxonomy
Accepted species
Burkholderia genus includes the following species:
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
References
Gram-negative bacteria
Ogle County, Illinois

Ogle County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. In the 2020 census, 51,788 people lived there. The county seat is Oregon.
References
Illinois counties
Lambada

The Lambada is a dance from Brazil. It is sometimes called the "forbidden dance". It started in the late 1970s. It became most popular in the 1980s. Its popularity was mostly in Latin American and Caribbean countries.
The Lambada is a dance for two people. The dance is done with bent legs. Steps are usually side to side, with turns. There are pronounced movements for the hips. Around the time the Lambada became popular, the women often wore short skirts. These skirts swirl up when the woman turns. Sometimes the woman's thong underwear is seen during the turns.
Dances
Scinax staufferi

The Middle American snouted tree frog, Stauffer's snouted tree frog, Stauffer's longnosed tree frog, or Stauffer's tree frog (Scinax staufferi) is a frog that lives in Mexico south to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.
This frog lives in grasslands and forests.
References
Frogs of South America
John Tower

John Goodwin Tower (September 29, 1925 - April 5, 1991) was an American politician. He was the first Republican United States senator from Texas since Reconstruction.
He served from 1961 until his retirement on January 3, 1985, after which time he was appointed as the chairman of the Reagan-appointed Tower Commission that investigated the Iran-Contra Affair. He was George Herbert Walker Bush's nominee for Secretary of Defense in 1989 but was rejected by the Senate, 53-47.
On April 5, 1991, Tower and his middle daughter, Marian, and the astronaut Sonny Carter were killed along with twenty other people in the crash of Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311.
Other websites
Handbook of Texas article on John Tower
Oral History Interviews with John Tower, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
Southwestern University and SMU's John G. Tower Digital Media Collection contains videos and audios by John Tower throughout his career.
Booknotes interview with Roger Gittines on Consequences: John G. Tower, A Personal and Political Memoir, June 30, 1991.
John G. Tower Papers - Official repository for John Tower's Senate and personal papers, Special Collections, Southwestern University.
Speech by John Tower given on November 11, 1970. Audio recording. From the University of Alabama's Emphasis Symposium on Contemporary Issues.
1925 births
1991 deaths
Aviation deaths
United States senators from Texas
Politicians from Houston
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Vishwesha Teertha

Sri Vishwesha Tirtharu (officially known as ; (27 April 1931 - 29 December 2019) ) was an Indian Hindu guru. He was the Swamiji of the Sri Pejavara Adokshaja Matha, one of the Ashta Mathas belonging to the Dvaita school of philosophy, founded by Sri Madhvacharya.
Sri Vishvesha Tirtharu was the 32nd in the lineage of the Pejavara matha, starting from Sri Adhokshaja Tirtharu. He was the honorary president of Vishva Tulu Sammelana. Teertha was born in Ramakunja, India.
Teertha died on 29 December 2019 at a hospital in Pejawara Matha, Udupi of pneumonia at the age of 88.
References
Other websites
Achievements of Sri Sri Vishvesha Theertha Swamiji and photo collections
Sri Sri Vishvesha Theertha Swamiji's official website
Everyone will become minority one day - Pejawar Swamiji
1931 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in India
Indian writers
Indian religious leaders
Kelly T. Clements

Kelly Tallman Clements is an American diplomat. She serves as the Deputy High Commissioner for Refugees at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon named her to this job in June 2015.
Prior to joining UNHCR, Clements was a member of the United States Civil Service and Senior Executive Service, with a long career at the U.S. Department of State. She served as Deputy Assistant Secretary at the Department of State's Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (PRM) from 2010-2015. From 1993 to 1996, she served at the United States Permanent Mission to the United Nations. She was Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs from 1997 to 1998. She served as a Senior Emergency Officer for Europe, the Newly Independent States, and the Americas, and later as Balkans Assistance Coordinator. Clements was deployed to Albania in 1999, and then led PRM's Office of Policy and Resource Planning, where she oversaw the Bureau's strategic planning, policy development and financial resources to protect and assist refugees, conflict victims and vulnerable migrants worldwide. In 2014, Clements was Acting Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon.
Clements holds a B.A. in International Studies and an M.A. in Urban Affairs from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. She is married to Andrew Clements and has two children. She is a citizen of the United States and lives in Geneva, Switzerland.
References
Other websites
A Life Dedicated to Refugees: Interview with Kelly Clements , impakter.com/
Kelly Tallman Clements: A Public Servant Abroad
UNHCR Deputy High Commissioner - Kelly T. Clements shares her experience
Working to Empower Refugees
GSMA interview with Kelly T. Clements, Deputy High Commissioner of UNHCR
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American diplomats
Weiler, Austria

Weiler is a municipality in Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.
References
Settlements in Vorarlberg
Bieujac

Bieujac is a commune. It is found in the Aquitaine region in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Geography
Bieujac has a total area of 7 square kilometers.
Communes in Gironde
Ulvkälla

Ulvkalla is a locality in Harjedalen Municipality in Jamtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 456 people lived here.
References
Settlements in Jamtland County
Great Britain road numbering scheme

In Great Britain, roads are given a letter with 1-4 numbers after it. This is how they are named. The letter is the category of the road. There are two main types of categories: motorways (with the letter M) and non-motorways. There are two types of non-motorways: A roads (with the letter A) and B roads (with the letter B). A roads are more important than B roads. There are also a very small number of C roads.
This system only applies to the island of Great Britain. Northern Ireland and other islands have their own systems.
Motorways (M roads)
A roads
Single-digit A roads
In England and Wales, the six A roads with one number are most important roads coming out of London. Starting with the A1 which goes north, numbers go clockwise around London:
A1 London to Edinburgh, (Also known as the Great North Road)
A2 London to Dover, (The southern part of Watling Street, also known as the Dover Road), however, the A2 past Rochester has been replaced by the M2.
A3 London to Portsmouth, (Also known as the Portsmouth Road)
A4 London to Avonmouth, (Also known as the Great West Road or the Bath Road), although this route is not used anymore to travel far since the M4 was built.
A5 London to Holyhead, (The Northern part of Watling Street)
A6 Luton to Carlisle (The A6 first started in Barnet on the old A1).
In Scotland, important roads from Edinburgh have A roads with one number:
A7 Edinburgh to Carlisle, although the M74 and M8 motorways now are mainly used.
A8 Edinburgh to Greenock, which used to link Edinburgh to Glasgow, however it now ends and carries on as the M8 away from Glasgow.
A9 Falkirk to Scrabster. First went from Edinburgh to Inverness.
Other A roads
Zone 1 A roads
Zone 2 A roads
Zone 3 A roads
Zone 4 A roads
Zone 5 A roads
Zone 6 A roads
Zone 7 A roads
Zone 8 A roads
Zone 9 A roads
B roads
Zone 1 B roads
Zone 2 B roads
Zone 3 B roads
Zone 4 B roads
Zone 5 B roads
Zone 6 B roads
Zone 7 B roads
Zone 8 B roads
Zone 9 B roads
References
Roads in the United Kingdom
Boulder, Utah

Boulder is a town in Garfield County, Utah, United States.
Towns in Utah
The Twelve Months (1972 movie)

The Twelve Months () is a 1973 Soviet fantasy movie directed by Anatoliy Granik. It stars Natalya Popova, Marina Maltseva, and Olga Wiklandt. The movie is based on the play by Samuil Marshak with the same name.
Actors
Natalya Popova -- Stepdaughter
Marina Maltseva -- Stepsister
Olga Wiklandt -- Stepmother
Liana Zhvaniya -- The Queen
Nikolay Volkov -- Professor
Tatiyana Pelttser -- Gofmejsterina
Leonid Kuravlyov -- Soldier
Konstantin Adashevskiy -- The Head of the Royal Guard
Alexander Sokolov -- The Chancellors your
References
Other websites
1973 fantasy movies
Soviet fantasy movies
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet communication protocol used to send and relay an email message between email servers. It is not used to retrieve email messages from a server. Instead either IMAP or POP is used to retrieve email messages.
Related pages
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Post Office Protocol (POP)
Application layer protocols
E-mail
Tollense

The Tollense () is a river in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in northeastern Germany, right tributary of the Peene. The river starts as the outflow of the lake Tollensesee in Neubrandenburg. The Tollense is long and empties into the river Peene in Demmin.
History
According to several reports in the German media, several human remains of the bronze period have been found in the region named Tollense valley () since 1997.
Many showed signs of injury and violent death. In 2008 research was concentrated on an area of . Hundreds of bone fragments, as well as wooden weaponry and flintstone arrowheads have been discovered. The finds were possible due to the preservation of the former swamp ground and the fact that the Tollense has never really changed its flow.
It is now estimated that about 200 people died in a battle-like scenario in that valley about 1250 BC. Since the population then was about 5 people per square kilometre, about 13 people per square mile, this would've been the most important battle in Bronze Age Germany yet to be discovered. More investigation of the grounds is planned for the years 2010 to 2015.
References
Geography of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Rivers of Germany
Jonathan Bass

Jonathan R. Bass (November 25, 1830 - September 13, 1892) was an American sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Ossified Man. He was born in New York State. Rheumatism led to the ossification of his joints, tendons, and muscles in his teen years. His sideshow career began in 1887 at Niagara Falls. He toured the United States. He died in New York City in 1892.
Early years
Bass was born in Cambria in western New York State. He was the eldest of three brothers. He appeared perfectly normal in his very early years. As a child and a teenager however, a series of rheumatism attacks left him unable to walk without crutches and canes.
Middle years
Eventually, Bass became completely ossified. The rheumatism led to ankylosis of his joints, tendons, and muscles. They turned to bone. Things got worse. In 1869, he lost his eyesight. He had to eat by sucking food up and swallowing it whole. When his mother died in 1872, a brother began taking care of him.
In 1887, Bass began his show biz career at Niagara Falls. He then worked his way across the United States. In spite of his disabilities, Bass remained cheerful. He parted with his manager after a dispute about his cut of the take.
Last years and death
Bass died of a fever and pneumonia while performing in Huber's Museum in New York City. The family refused an autopsy. Bass was buried in an ironclad vault to deter grave robbers from making off with the body.
An article in a 1908 issue of Scientific American accused a careless museum attendant of causing Bass's death by letting the man fall to the pavement while being lifted from a carriage.
References
Hartzman, Marc. 2005. American Sideshow. Penguin. Unpaged.
1830 births
1892 deaths
American sideshow attractions
Reno, Parker County, Texas

Reno is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Settlements in Tarrant County, Texas
Enköping

Enkoping is an urban area in the county of Uppsala in Sweden. It is the seat of Enkoping Municipality.
References
Other websites
Settlements in Uppsala County