pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Generic trademark

A generic trademark or genericized trademark is a brand name that became a generic term for a product class. This happens because it is so popular that people use it as a synonym for all products of this class.
Examples
Examples for brand names used as generic product name are:
Nintendo for video game consoles
iPad for tablet computers
PowerPoint for presentation softwares
References
Names
Fentanyl

Fentanyl (sometimes spelled fentanil) is a synthetic opioid that is used as a painkiller. It also acts as a sedative. It has a short duration of action and works rapidly. The two most common forms are patches that are put on the skin, and an intravenous solution. Paul Janssen developed Fentanyl in 1960. Fentanyl is about 120 times as potent as morphine; this means, much less Fentanyl is needed to get the same effect.
The effects of the intravenous solution can be seen after three to five minutes. In about twelve hours, the concentration in the bloodstream will have halved.
Fentanyl is also used as a recreational drug. This has led to thousands of overdose deaths each year from 2000 to 2015. It is now the leading cause of death for young adults in the US. Most of it comes from Mexico. As it is so powerful the quantities are very small. All the fentanyl needed to supply the US for a year weighs about 5 tonnes. This makes it hard to stop. Very few people are needed to make it. Heroin is not used so much because fentanyl is more profitable. It has not spread much outside North America.
Deaths have also resulted from improper medical use. Fentanyl has a relatively wide therapeutic index (270) which makes it a very safe surgical anesthetic when monitored carefully.
Because it is so potent, finding the right dose to use requires great care: Fentanyl comes as a highly diluted solution. There is also a powder, but its use is impractical without advanced scientific equipment: The effective dose needed and a lethal dose of fentanyl powder placed next to each other would be difficult or impossible to differentiate with the naked eye.
Non-medical use of fentanyl by people without opioid tolerance can be very dangerous and has resulted in many deaths. Even people with opiate tolerance are at high risk of overdoses.
Related pages
Opioid epidemic in the United States
References
Analgesics
Organonitrogen compounds
Illegal drugs
Opioids
Anesthetics
Stopanska rijeka

The Stopanska rijeka - also signed as Stopanski and Stopanski potok - is a right tributary of the Vrbanja river in the Kotor-Varos Municipality, local community of Siprage, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It originates northeast of the village Stopan, from the stream Subanj (1100 m) and the Pecan spring, at an altitude of 1000 m, between the elevations Pireviste (northwest, 1042 m) and Lepenica (southeast, 1016 m).
zIn the upper stream it bears the name of Burca, after the village of the same name in the north, through which the river Buracka river. The geographical and popular name Stopanska river is from the straits below one of the peaks of Lepenica (807 m).
With name Burca, this river flows in the northeast - southwest direction, and as Stopanska River it turns northwest all the way below Stopan, where it makes its south-west arch and flows into Vrbanja on its great blood near Todorovici village, at altitude of 460 m. Until the 1960s, 12 watermills operated on Stopanska River, and its streams and tributaries.
Related pages
Vrbanja river
References
Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Barhadashi Rural Municipality

Barhadashi () is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of seven rural municipality in Jhapa District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 15 municipalities in Jhapa in which 8 are urban and 7 are rural.
According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Jhapa has an area of and the total population of the municipality is 33653 as of Census of Nepal 2011.
Related pages
List of mayors of municipalities in Koshi Province
List of chairpersons of rural municipalities in Koshi Province
References
Municipalities of Nepal
Leipsic, Delaware

Leipsic is a town in Kent County, Delaware, United States.
Towns in Kent County, Delaware
Vjosa River

Vjosa is a river in Albania. It runs from the Pindus Mountains of Greece, through rocky terrain. It spills into the Adriatic Sea, where the terrain turns sandy. It runs about 272 km and it sets the boundaries between the city of Fier and Vlora.
Geography of Albania
Rivers of Greece
Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level

The Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level (O-level) examination is a national examination held annually in Singapore. The examinations are jointly conducted by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), Singapore's Ministry of Education (MOE) as well as the Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB).
References
Examinations
Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan ( or ; , ;), also known as Turkmenia, is a country in South-Central Asia. It has borders with Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. It has no ocean but it is on the Caspian Sea to the west. The capital of Turkmenistan is Ashghabat.
The majority of the country is Muslim at 93%.
Turkmenistan is a non-aligned and fully neutral country.
History
Turkmenistan was part of the Soviet Union since its creation, in 1922. At first, Turkmenistan was an autonomous republic within Russian SFSR. In 1925 it was promoted to a Soviet republic. Turkmenistan is an independent country since 1991, after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Saparmurat Niyazov became Turkmenistan's first president in 1991.
Provinces
Turkmenistan is divided into five provinces and one capital city district. The provinces are divided into districts which may be either counties or cities.
Climate
Turkmenistan is one of the driest desert areas in the world. Some places have an average annual precipitation of only . The highest temperature recorded in Ashgabat is . Kerki, an extreme inland city located on the banks of the Amu Darya river, recorded in July 1983, but this value is unofficial. 50.1C is the highest temperature recorded at Repetek Reserve, recognized as the highest temperature ever recorded in the whole former Soviet Union.
Geography
Turkmenistan is the world's 52nd-largest country. It is slightly smaller than Spain and somewhat larger than the US state of California. Over 80% of the country is covered by the Karakum Desert.
The Turkmen shore along the Caspian Sea is long. The Caspian Sea is entirely landlocked, with no access to the ocean.
The major cities include Asgabat, Turkmenbasy (formerly Krasnovodsk) and Dasoguz.
Turkmenistan has a humid climate. Annual rainfall is low, particularly in summer. Winters are dry and mild. The wettest region in Turkmenistan is Koytendag Range. Koytendag is in southeastern Turkmenistan on the borders with Uzbekistan.
References
Turkmenistan
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Current dictatorships
Lukas Ammann

Lukas Ammann (September 29, 1912 - May 3, 2017) was a Swiss retired actor. He appeared in German and Swiss movies and television shows.
He was born in Basel, Switzerland on September 29, 1912. He began his movie career in the 1939 Swiss movie Wachtmeister Studer. He continued to work steadily for over 60 years. His most famous roles is the German detective series Graf Yoster, where he played the main part of the same name between 1967-1977.
His professional acting career came to an end in 2005 with the short Herr Goldstein being his last role. He was once married to German soprano Liselotte Ebnet.
Ammann died at his home in Munich, Germany on May 3, 2017 from surgical complications at the age of 104.
References
Other websites
1912 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Actors from Basel
Swiss centenarians
Albon-d'Ardèche

Albon-d'Ardeche is a town and commune of the Ardeche departement, in the southern part of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Ardeche department
Communes in Ardeche
Abraham Simpson

Abraham Jay-Jedediah "Abe" Simpson, known as Grampa Simpson, is a character in the animated television series The Simpsons. He is voiced by Dan Castellaneta. He first appeared on The Tracey Ullman Show in the Simpson Short "Good Night".
Role in the Simpsons
Family
He is the father of Homer Simpson and the grandfather of Bart, Lisa and Maggie; he is the husband of Mona Simpson, but later he also has been married for a short time to Amber (a woman that Homer married in Las Vegas too) and to Selma Bouvier, now he's married to Rita LaFleur. He lives in an old folk's home.
Characteristics
Abe Simpson is a World War II veteran and he often tells long, unlikely and rambling stories about his past. He was married to Mona Simpson for many years until she became a fugitive after she destroyed biological weapons owned by Mr. Burns.
Grampa Simpson has a poor relationship with his son Homer.
References
Other websites
Grampa Simpson's profile at TheSimpsons.com
The Simpsons characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1988
Animated human characters
Colin Blakemore

Sir Colin Blakemore, , Hon (1 June 1944 - 27 June 2022) was a British neurobiologist. His works focused in vision and the development of the brain.
He was Yeung Kin Man Professor of Neuroscience and Senior Fellow of the Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong. He was an Emeritus Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Oxford.
He was called by The Observer as both "one of the most powerful scientists in the UK" and "a hate figure for the animal rights movement" for his support of animal testing in science.
References
1944 births
2022 deaths
British neuroscientists
British biologists
Academics of the University of Oxford
Writers from Warwickshire
List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors)

Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is a form of open-wheeled auto racing. It is the highest class defined by the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules. These rules tell the builders and drivers of the cars what they may and may not do. The F1 world championship season is a series of races. These races are known as Grands Prix. They are usually held on purpose-built circuits. In a few places, they are held on closed city streets. The most famous Grand Prix is the Monaco Grand Prix in Monte Carlo. The top finisher of each race are awarded championship points. The points are added up at the end of they year. There are two yearly Championships. The one for drivers and one for constructors.
Ferrari hold the record for the most Grands Prix victories. They have won 216 times. McLaren are second with 173 wins, and Williams are third with 113 wins. British teams have won the most Grands Prix. Twelve British teams have won a total of 499 races between them. Italian teams are second with 237 wins between five teams. French teams are third with 53 Grands Prix wins between three teams.
By constructor
All figures correct as of 26 June 2011
Key
By nationality
List of races won by nationality of constructor.
Related pages
List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions
List of Formula One constructors
List of Formula One Grand Prix winners
Notes
A. Renault held a French licence from 1977 to 2010 and a British licence from 2011 to present.
B. Benetton held a British licence from 1986 to 1995 and an Italian licence from 1996 to 2001.
C. Only one of Benetton's 27 wins were scored with their Italian licence. All the others count towards the British totals.
D. Renault's first 35 wins were with their French licence.
References
Grand Prix winners
Formula One lists
Walter Sedlmayr

Walter Sedlmayr was born on 6 January 1926. He was a popular German stage, television, and movie actor. He was born in Bavaria. He was killed by two of his half-brothers on 14 July 1990.
1926 births
1990 deaths
German stage actors
German television actors
German movie actors
Actors from Bavaria
Kasungu

Kasungu is a town in the Central Region of Malawi. It is also the home town of Malawi's first president Hastings Banda.
References
Settlements in Malawi
Towns in Africa
Didelphis

The six species in the genus Didelphis, commonly known as large American opossums, are members of the Didelphimorphia order.
Species:
Didelphis albiventris
Didelphis aurita
Didelphis imperfecta
Didelphis marsupialis
Didelphis pernigra
Didelphis virginiana
Related pages
Marsupial
Opossum
References
Gardner, Alfred 2005. in Wilson D.E. & Reeder D.M. (eds) Mammal species of the world, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 5.
Marsupials
Cal Swenson

Calvin Berle Swenson (April 16, 1948 - January 1, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward.
Swenson was born in Watson, Saskatchewan. He played 102 games in the World Hockey Association with the Winnipeg Jets.
He died suddenly on January 1, 2014, aged 65.
Awards and achievements
MJHL First All-Star Team (1967)
In 1970, he scored the fastest hat trick in the Central Hockey League's history, in 1 minute, 44 seconds.
References
Other websites
1948 births
2014 deaths
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Flin Flon Bombers players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
World Hockey Association players
Appukutty

Sivabalan (Popularly called Appukutty) is an actor and comedian in Tamil cinema. He became a well known actor since his role in the movie Vennila Kabaddi Kuzhu. His role in Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai won him National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Career
He was born in a village named Nathan Kinaru in Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. He worked as a cleaner in hotels in Chennai. He was given small roles by movie personalities. He wanted to become a comedian. He was recognised by the Tamil cinema in the movie Vennila Kabaddi Kuzhu of director Suseenthiran. The director gave a role for Appukutty in the movie Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai. The movie won him the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor. in 2011. The movie also won National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. His roles in the movies Sundarapandian and Veeram are also notable ones.
References
Tamil actors
Tamil comedians
Yenish people

The Yenish people are descendants of itinerant Germans Minstrel's from the Middle Ages who had a nomadic life. A separate people, called the Yenish people, arose on this background. The Yenish people have their own customs and do not want to be confused with the Roma people, just as they also speak their own language: the Yenish language, which is considered a variety of German language. There are around 400,000 in Germany, 40,000 in Austria and 35,000 Yenish in Switzerland. In Belgium in the 1990s there were around 7,000 nomadic Yenish, but the number of permanent residents is unknown. To this day, people of Yenish origin can be found at all levels of the Circus and showman buisness.
References
Ethnic groups in Europe
Shinzo Abe

Shinzo Abe (, Abe Shinzo, ; 21 September 1954 - 8 July 2022) was a Japanese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Japan from 2006 to 2007 and again from 2012 to 2020. Abe had been a member of the House of Representatives from 1996 until his assassination in 2022. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party and was the party's president twice during his time as prime minister. Between 2005 and 2006, he was the Chief Cabinet Secretary in the Junichiro Koizumi government.
Prime Minister
He was the 90th Prime Minister of Japan following Junichiro Koizumi in 2006. He was elected at age 52, becoming the youngest post-war prime minister in Japan's history. However, he stepped down on 12 September 2007 after a year. The stated reason to end his term was missing support for Japan's mission in Afghanistan.
In 2012 he again became party leader and his party went on to win the election in December 2012 by a wide margin. This brought him back to power as Prime Minister. In 2019, he became the longest serving Prime Minister in Japan. His economic policies were known as Abenomics.
On 28 August 2020, Abe announced his plans to resign as Prime Minister because of his bad health with ulcerative colitis. He was replaced by Yoshihide Suga on 16 September 2020.
Personal life
He was born in Shinjuku, Tokyo, but his constituency is in Yamaguchi Prefecture. It was inherited from his father Shintaro Abe who was a Foreign Minister. His grandfather was imprisoned and suspected war criminal Nobusuke Kishi who later became Prime Minister. His brother Nobuo Kishi became Minister of Defense in 2020. In 1987, Abe married Akie Abe.
Death
On 8 July 2022, Abe was shot from behind in the neck and chest while he was giving a speech in Nara, Japan. The shooter was Tetsuya Yamagami, a 41-year-old man from Nara. Abe collapsed on stage while bleeding and went into cardiopulmonary arrest. He was quickly hospitalized afterwards with heart failure and had no "vital signs".
At 5:03 pm JST Abe's death was announced. The doctors said that he had died because he had lost too much blood and the bullet had gone in deep enough to enter his heart.
A small private funeral was held on 12 July. A state funeral was held on 27 September at the Nippon Budokan.
This was the first assassination of a former Japanese prime minister since 1936.
References
Related pages
Abenomask
Abenomics
1954 births
2022 deaths
Prime Ministers of Japan
People from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Politicians from Tokyo
Assassinated people
Murders by firearm
Time in Germany

The time zone in Germany uses Central European Time (Mitteleuropaische Zeit, MEZ; UTC+01:00) and Central European Summer Time (Mitteleuropaische Sommerzeit, MESZ; UTC+02:00). Daylight saving time (DST) is observed from the last Sunday in March (02:00 CET) to the last Sunday in October (03:00 CEST).
Germany
Germany
Allsvenskan (disambiguation)

Allsvenskan is the highest league of Swedish association football for men.
Allsvenskan (the all Swedish) is also the name of several Swedish sport leagues:
Damallsvenskan, highest women's association football league
Allsvenskan (bandy), highest bandy league for since the 2007-08 season
Allsvenskan and Elitserien (bandy), highest bandy leagues until the 2007-08 season
Allsvenskan (men's handball), second highest men's handball league
Allsvenskan (women's handball), second highest women's handball league
Allsvenskan (rugby), highest rugby league
Hockeyallsvenskan, second highest ice hockey league
Superallsvenskan, defunct ice hockey league
Allsvenskan play-offs, a Swedish association football cup held to decide the Swedish football champions between 1982 and 1990
The Mystery of the Vanished Prince

The Mystery of the Vanished Prince is a children's novel by Enid Blyton. It was published in 1951. It is the ninth book in the Five Find-Outers series.
The main characters in the story are Fatty, Bets, Pip, Larry and Daisy. The prince Bongahwah is kidnapped and the children solve this mystery.
1951 books
Children's books
Hidenori Kato

Hidenori Kato (born 13 May 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.
Club career statistics
|-
|2004||rowspan="5"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||16||0||2||0||18||0
|-
|2005||21||1||1||0||22||1
|-
|2006||27||0||1||0||28||0
|-
|2007||10||1||3||0||13||1
|-
|2008||12||0||0||0||12||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Gainare Tottori||rowspan="3"|Football League||12||1||0||0||12||1
|-
|2009||25||0||0||0||25||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||
123||3||7||0||130||3
123||3||7||0||130||3
|}
References
Gainare Tottori
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Mie Prefecture
Primark

Primark is an Irish clothing retailer founded by Arthur Ryan. The company operates in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland (38 stores branded as Penneys), Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Italy, and the United States. The company's headquarters are in Dublin. Primark is a subsidiary of British food processing company ABF. Primark first opened in June 1969 in Mary Street (Dublin). All of the company's merchandise is made specifically for the company. Primark has its own brand names. It sells clothing at the budget end of the market.
References
Clothing companies
Companies of Ireland
Paul Webley

Professor Paul Webley CBE (19 November 1953 - 2 March 2016) was a British educator. He was the Director and Principal of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London from 2006 to 2015. From 2010 until his death in 2016, he served as Deputy Vice-Chancellor of the University of London.
He was a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Economic Psychology. He was the former President of the International Association for Research in Economic Psychology. Webley was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to higher education.
Webley died in London, England on 2 March 2016 from cancer. He was aged 62.
References
1953 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in London
British educators
Presidents' Trophy

The Presidents' Trophy is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points in the league during the regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The winning team is also awarded $350,000 in cash bonuses. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 27 times to 15 different teams since first being awarded in 1985. The most recent winner is the Tampa Bay Lightning for the NHL season.
History
The trophy was introduced at the start of the 1985-86 NHL season by the league's Board of Governors. Before the 1985-86 NHL season, the best team in the league during the regular season was allowed to hang a banner stating "NHL League Champions". The winning team is also awarded 350,000 Canadian dollars, to be shared between the team and its players. The Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage in all four rounds of the Stanley Cup playoffs, provided the team goes that far, so it remains the most likely position to produce the cup winner.
From 1937 to 1968, the same rules now used for winning the Presidents' Trophy were used to award the Prince of Wales Trophy. With the Modern Era expansion in the 1967-68 season and the start of the West Division, the Wales Trophy was awarded to the team that finished in first place in the East Division during the regular season. However, no trophy was awarded to the team that finished with the best overall record in the league during this period, and no trophy at all was awarded from the 1981-82 season through the 1984-85 season; the Wales and Campbell trophies were transferred to the playoff champions of those conferences in 1981-82. A cash bonus was given to each player on the team with the league's best regular-season record during these years, to which the Presidents' Trophy was added in 1985-86.
The only teams to have won the Presidents' Trophy more than twice are the Detroit Red Wings with six and the Washington Capitals with three. However, the Montreal Canadiens have finished first overall 21 times, the most times in league history, although they have yet to win the Presidents' Trophy. Detroit is second with 18 first-overall finishes.
Winners
Bold Team with the most points ever accumulated in a season during the trophy's existence.
Related pages
Stanley Cup
References
General
Specific
National Hockey League trophies and awards
Voiced velar lateral fricative

The voiced velar lateral fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Consonants
Saba Azad

Saba Azad is an Indian actress, singer and musician . She is one of the two members of the Mumbai-based electronic fan group Madboy / Mink. Saba is best known for playing the lead role in the 2011 romantic comedy Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge . The movie was very well liked by college students across the country. She played the role of Dingo in Y-Films' web series, Ladies Room, in 2016. She made her Bollywood debut in 2006 with the lead role of Raga in the movie Dil Kabaddi . She has acted as a model in advertisements for companies such as Cadbury, Ponds,Tata Sky, Google, KitKat, Vodafone and Nescafe.
Early life
Azad is the niece of Safdar Hashmi, a great actor of stage drama. She has performed with Hashmi's Natyadal Jan Natya Mancha from a very young age. She has worked with actors like Habib Tanvir, MK Raina, GP Deshpande and NK Sharma. She has trained in Orissa, ballet, jazz, Latin as well as contemporary dance. Along with her Orissa dance teacher Kiran Segal, she has danced in India and abroad in England.
Afternoon finishing school, she entered the movie world starring in a short movie, Guroor. It was directed by Ishan Nair. The movie was screened at festivals in New York and Florence . Since then she has acted in several short movies.
Career
Azad made her Bollywood debut in 2006 starring Anil Sr. in the independent Hindi movie Dil Kabaddi. In that movie, she acted opposite Rahul Basu . She then played the lead role in Y-Films Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge, where she played the role of Preeti Sen opposite newcomers Nishant Dahiya and Shakib Selim .
Personal life
On March 1, 2013, Imam Shah announced that he and Azad had entered into a "live-in" relationship.
Other Websites
References
1990 births
Living people
Indian singers
Indian movie actors
Actors from Delhi
B&Q

B&Q plc is a British DIY and home improvement retailing company in the United Kingdom. Its main offices are in Eastleigh, Hampshire, England. It is owned by Kingfisher plc.
It was founded in 1969 by Richard Block and David Quayle as Block & Quayle.
As of July 2017, B&Q has 300 shops in the United Kingdom.
Since 2015, B&Q have been closing a number of stores, and converting some to outlets of Screwfix. The company also has some outlets in Ireland. Stores in Taiwan and China were unsuccessful, and closed down in 2007 and 2015.
References
1969 establishments in the United Kingdom
Retail companies of the United Kingdom
Fort Sumner, New Mexico

Fort Sumner is a village in the state of New Mexico in the United States. It is the county seat of De Baca County.
References
Villages in New Mexico
County seats in New Mexico
Danbury (disambiguation)

Danbury may refer to different places:
Places
Danbury, Connecticut, U.S.
Danbury, Essex, England, UK
Danbury, Iowa, U.S.
Danbury, Texas, U.S.
Danbury, Saskatchewan, Canada
Other uses
Danbury Municipal Airport, an airport in Danbury, Connecticut
Danbury Branch, a branch of Metro-North Railroad's New Haven Line
Danbury station, a Metro-North railroad station in Connecticut
Related pages
Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury
North Danbury station, a proposed Metro-North railroad station in Connecticut
Sydney FC

Sydney F.C. is a soccer club which plays in Australia.
League title
A-League : 2
2005-06, 2009-10
League position
References
A-League
Wikimania

Wikimania is an international conference on wikis like Wikipedia. It is organized by the Wikimedia Foundation and brings together authors, programmers, and researchers. It was started in 2005.
Wikimania has been in the following places:
Frankfurt am Main, Germany (2005)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (2006)
Taipei City, Taiwan (2007)
Alexandria, Egypt (2008)
Buenos Aires, Argentina (2009)
Gdansk, Poland (2010)
Haifa, Israel (2011)
Washington, DC (2012)
Hong Kong (2013)
London, United Kingdom (2014)
Mexico, Mexico (2015)
Esino Lario, Italy (2016)
Montreal, Quebec, Canada (2017)
Cape Town, South Africa (2018)
Stockholm, Sweden (2019)
Future Wikimanias
Wikimania 2020, the sixteenth Wikimedia conference, will be held in Bangkok, Thailand.
Related pages
Wikimania page on Wikimedia Foundation
Wikimania website
References
Wikimedia
2005 establishments
Siliqua, Sardinia

Siliqua (Silicua) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 3,872 people lived there. Its area is 189.85 km2. It is 66 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
Buneville

Buneville is a commune. It is in Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in north France.
Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Jesse (song)

"Jesse" is a 1980 song by Carly Simon and is the lead single from her 9th studio album Come Upstairs. It went to number 4 in Australia, number 11 in the United States and number 12 in Canada.
Track listing
7" single
"Jesse" - 4:15
"Stardust" - 4:13
References
1980 songs
Pop rock songs
Carly Simon songs
Hal Ketchum

Hal Michael Ketchum (April 9, 1953 - November 23, 2020) was an American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist. He has released 11 studio albums from 1986 until his retirement in 2019.
Ketchum's 1991 album Past the Point of Rescue is his best known work. Between 1991 and 2006 Ketchum had 17 entries on the Hot Country Songs charts. Three of his singles -- "Small Town Saturday Night," "Past the Point of Rescue" and "Hearts Are Gonna Roll" -- all reached number 2 on this chart, and three more charted within the Top Ten: "Sure Love" at number 3, and "Mama Knows the Highway" and "Stay Forever," both at number 8.
In April 2019, Ketchum's wife, Andrea, announced that Ketchum was suffering from Alzheimer's disease and announced his retirement shortly afterwards. He died on November 23, 2020 from the disease at his home in Comal County, Texas at the age of 67.
References
1953 births
2020 deaths
American country singers
American singer-songwriters
American country guitarists
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Musicians from New York (state)
People with multiple sclerosis
Freehold (law)

In property law, a freehold (also called frank-tenement) is the ownership of real property. This includes land and everything that naturally comes with it, such as buildings, trees and natural resources. Freehold is different to a leasehold, in which the property is kept by the owner of the land after the lease has expired. Ownership of a freehold estate is indefinite amount of time.
Freehold is used in the laws of many Commonwealth countries. It comes from the United Kingdom.
References
Real estate
Grand Teton National Park

Grand Teton National Park is a national park in the United States. It is south of Yellowstone National Park. Both of these parks are in Wyoming.
The park's namesake mountain, Grand Teton, is popular for mountain climbing.
Other websites
National Park Service website
National parks in the United States
Yang Zhenduo

Yang Zhenduo (1926 - 7 November 2020) was a Chinese martial artist and educator. He was born in Beijing. He was known for his Tai chi movements. He was Chairman of the International Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan Association.
Yang died on 7 November 2020 in Beijing at the age of 94.
References
Other websites
International Yang Family Tai Chi Chuan Association
Chinese educators
People from Beijing
1926 births
2020 deaths
Chinese martial artists
Aurélie Groizeleau

Aurelie Groizeleau (born 27 February 1989) is a French international rugby referee.
She grew up in Marans in Charente-Maritime. She was a member of the France women's national rugby union team and France women's national rugby sevens team. She was injured in 2007.
She was a referee at 2019 Women's Six Nations Championship, and 2020 Women's Six Nations Championship.
References
1989 births
Living people
French rugby union players
Rugby sevens players
Referees
Valentino Lazaro

Valentino Lazaro (born 23 March 1996) is an Austrian football player. He plays as an attacking midfielder for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.
Career
He started playing football for Grazer AK and went on to the youth academy of FC Red Bull Salzburg. He played his first game for the first team on 3 November 2012 against Admira Wacker Modling. At 16 years and 224 days old he was the youngest player ever in the history of the Austrian Bundesliga. He came in at minute 87 for Valon Berisha and was booked in minute 88.
He is also allowed to play for FC Liefering, the farm team of Red Bull Salzburg. This team is in the Heute fur Morgen Erste Liga, the second league in Austrian football.
Then he went from Red Bull Salzburg to Hertha BSC. He scored his first goal for Hertha BSC in a 2-0 away win against Bayer Leverkusen on 10 February 2018. 2019 Lazaro joined Inter Milan. The next years he played on loan for Newcastle United and Borussia Monchengladbach. 2021 he went on loan to Benfica.
International career
Lazaro played for the Austria Under-16 and Under-17 youth national teams. With the U-17's he played in the 2013 FIFA U-17 World Cup in the United Arab Emirates. Lazaro made his debut for the Austria national team on 30 May 2014 in a 1-1 against Iceland in Innsbruck.
References
Austrian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
1996 births
Living people
Players of FC Liefering
Players of the Austrian national football team
Louis Jourdan

Louis Jourdan (Louis Robert Gendre, June 19, 1921 - February 14, 2015) was a French retired actor. He appeared in The Paradine Case (1947), Gigi (1958), The Best of Everything (1959) and Octopussy (1983). His final movie before his retirement was The Year Of The Comet in 1992.
Jourdan was born on June 19, 1921 in Marseille, France. He studied at the Ecole Dramatique. Jourdan was married to Berthe Frederique from 1946 until her death in 2014. They had a son, Louis Jourdan, Jr.. Jourdan, Jr. died of a drug overdose aged 29 in 1981.
Jourdan died in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 93.
References
Other websites
1921 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Marseille
Actors who played Bond villains
French movie actors
French musical entertainers
French stage actors
French television actors
French voice actors
Vulcan (hypothetical planet)

Vulcan was a theoretical planet. In the 19th century, the planet was thought to orbit close to the sun. Its gravitational pull would explain changes seen between the perihelion advance of Mercury from that predicted by Classical Mechanics. The theory that Vulcan exists come from the earlier prediction that an outer planet (now Neptune) was causing similar changes in the orbit of Uranus from the orbit predicted by classical theory.
None of the searches for Vulcan found a planet. This caused some people to not agree with Newtonian theory. It led to the development of Special Relativity and General Relativity. Albert Einstein's modified theory of gravity showed why the orbit of Mercury changes without the existence of Vulcan. This disproved the theories of Vulcan.
References
Solar System planets
Terrestrial planets
Electoral district of Prahran

Prahran is an electoral district of Victoria. It was created in 1889. It is in the Southern Metropolitan Region.
Prahran is in the Melbourne CBD.
Election results
References
Prahran
Nowe Warpno

Nowe Warpno is a town in Poland in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. As of 2004, 1,214 people live there. The town is located on the Szczecin Lagoon, at the border with Germany. In the area of Nowe Warpno there are Police, Poland, Swinoujscie, Szczecin, Eggesin and Ueckermunde.
Towns in Poland
Christopher A. Pissarides

Sir Christopher Antoniou Pissarides (; ; born 20 February 1948) is a British-Cypriot economist.
He is the School Professor of Economics & Political Science and Regius Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics, and Professor of European Studies at the University of Cyprus.
In 2010, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics, jointly with Peter A. Diamond and Dale Mortensen, "for their analysis of markets with theory of search frictions."
Early life
Pisaridis is a Greek Orthodox. He was born in Nicosia, Cyprus.
He received his BA in Economics in 1970 and MA in Economics in 1971 from the University of Essex. He later enrolled at the London School of Economics, where he obtained a doctorate in economics in 1973 for a thesis entitled "Individual Behavior in Markets with Imperfect Information".
Related pages
List of scientists from Asia
References
1948 births
Living people
American economists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Cypriot writers
Academics of the University of London
Americans United for the Separation of Church and State

Americans United for the Separation of Church and State or "Americans United" for short, is an organization that says that the American government should be neutral on religion. It promotes what it believes is a strong reading of the Establishment clause of the U.S. Constitution. It is headquartered in Washington D.C. and is headed by the Reverend Barry Lynn.
References
Other websites
Americans United for the Separation of Church and State website
local chapters of American United
Why the Religious Right is Wrong About Separation of Church and State
Official blog of Americans United
Secularism
Electoral district of Blue Mountains

Blue Mountains is an electoral district of New South Wales. It was created in 1968.
Election results
References
Blue Mountains
Al Edwards (politician)

Albert Ely Edwards (March 19, 1937 - April 29, 2020) was an American politician and businessman. He was born in Houston, Texas. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1978 to 2007 and again from 2009 to 2011. Edwards was a member of the Democratic Party.
Edwards died on April 29, 2020 at the age of 83.
References
Other websites
1937 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Businesspeople from Houston
Politicians from Houston
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Sebastián Riep

Sebastian Riep (born 20 February 1976) is a former Argentine football player.
Club career statistics
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|1997||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 1||11||0||0||0||5||1||16||1
11||0||0||0||5||1||16||1
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References
1976 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Trungy

Trungy is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Frances Crowe

Frances Crowe (March 15, 1919 - August 27, 2019) was an American peace activist and pacifist. In 1967, during the Vietnam War, she worked as a draft counselor. Crowe was known for her works in the movement against nuclear power and for safe energy in New England since the 1970s
Crowe was born in Carthage, Missouri. She was one of 1414 people arrested at the occupation of the Seabrook nuclear power plant construction site in April, 1977.
Crow died on August 27, 2019 at her in Northampton, Massachusetts of heart failure at the age of 100.
References
Other websites
A protester for the ages
Frances Crowe page
Frances Crowe Papers at Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College
1919 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American centenarians
American activists
People from Missouri
People from Vermont
Mildred J. Hill

Mildred Jane Hill (June 27, 1859 - June 5, 1916) was an American songwriter and musicologist. She was known for composing "Good Morning to All", later used as the melody for "Happy Birthday to You". Born in Louisville, Kentucky, she died in Chicago at the age of 56.
References
1859 births
1916 deaths
American songwriters
Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
Jerónimo Carrión

Jeronimo Carrion y Palacio (1804 - 5 May 1873) was President of Ecuador between 7 September 1865 and 6 November 1867. He also served as Vice President of Ecuador and led a brief rebellion in 1859.
He was a member of the Ecuadorian Conservative Party.
Carrion died on 5 May 1873 in Quito, Ecuador from pneumonia, aged 69.
Other websites
Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
1804 births
1873 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
Politicians from Guayaquil
Vice presidents of Ecuador
Alwin Out

Alwin Out (born 27 December 1996) is a Dutch korfball player. He is a member of Koog Zaandijk and the Netherlands national korfball team.
Out was top-scorer with Koog Zaandijk in 2019.
With the national team he won the gold medal at the 2022 World Games in Birmingham, Alabama.
References
1996 births
Living people
Dutch korfball players
Phil Gordon (politician)

Phil Gordon (born April 18, 1951) is an American politician. He served as the 51st mayor of Phoenix, Arizona from 2004 to 2012. Gordon is a member of the Democratic Party.
The former city councilman was elected mayor in the non-partisan mayoral race on September 9, 2003, garnering 72 percent of the vote, and re-elected on September 11, 2007, with 77 percent of the vote.
References
1951 births
Living people
Jewish American politicians
Mayors of Phoenix, Arizona
Politicians from Chicago
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Begum Jan

Begum Jan is a doctor from South Waziristan, Pakistan. In 2008 she received the International Women of Courage Award. Jan cares for women and children in Pakistan's dangerous tribal areas.
Life
When Jan was a child, she studied with boys, because there was no school for girls. When the tribal leaders said she could not go to high school with boys, she studied with a tutor. She went to medical school in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.
Work
Jan worked at Pakistan Red Crescent. She worked with women and children at a mental hospital. She also worked with Afghan refugees. Jan started the Tribal Women Welfare Association.
References
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Pakistani physicians
Sinornithoides

Sinornithoides (meaning "Chinese bird form") is a genus of troodontid theropod dinosaur. It lived during the Early Cretaceous (Barremian stage, around 130 125 million years ago). It measured approximately 1 meter long (3 ft). It lived in Inner Mongolia, China, and probably ate invertebrates and other small prey.
Dinosaurs of Asia
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Intibucá

Intibuca () is a city, with a population of 28,220 (2023 calculation), and a municipality in the department of Intibuca, Honduras. The urban area of Intibuca is an important transit and commercial site in the South-West region of Honduras.
Climate
Intibuca and La Esperanza have a temperate highland oceanic climate. (Koppen: Cfb), bordering a subtropical highland climate (Koppen: Cwb), It is characterized by having pleasant temperatures, even cold by Honduran measures. The annual difference between the coldest month (December) and the warmest month (April) is 5 degC. The climate is favorable for the cultivation of potatoes, strawberries, blackberries, peaches, and vegetables in general.
References
Settlements in Honduras
Enzo Ferrari

Enzo Anselmo "the Commendatore" Ferrari (18 February 1898 - 14 August 1988) Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI was an Italian race car driver and entrepreneur, the founder of the Scuderia Ferrari Grand Prix motor racing team, and subsequently of the Ferrari car manufacturer.
1898 births
1988 deaths
Italian businesspeople
Italian racecar drivers
People from Modena
Serra, Espírito Santo

Serra is an Brazilian city in the state of Espirito Santo. To the north, it borders the state's capital Vitoria. 527,240 people lived here in 2020 and its area is 553 km2.
Cities in Espirito Santo
Anomalocaris

Anomalocaris ("abnormal shrimp") is an extinct genus of anomalocaridid, which are, in turn, thought to be closely related to the arthropods. The first fossils of Anomalocaris were discovered in the Ogygopsis shale by Joseph Frederick Whiteaves, with more examples found by Charles Doolittle Walcott in the famed Burgess Shale.
Body Parts
Anomalocaris lived in the Cambrian period, which was a long time before dinosaurs. This makes Anomalocaris very old, so their body parts haven't evolved to be as detailed as modern animals. However, Anomalocaris still had compound eyes which were very big and complex compared to other animals in the earlier parts of the Cambrian, and also had segmented (has many sections) front appendages which were used to grasp its prey like arms. So while Anomalocaris was around the size of a small cat, it still was a very good predator.
Behaviour
Anomalocaris lived in the sea, like most of the plants (which were really small algae in the Cambrian) and animals during this time period.
Recently, people now think that Anomalocaris didn't hunt trilobites and other benthic animals that lived on the sea floor, but instead swam after nekton (animals that can control how they move underwater, unlike plankton).
Being Called A Different Animal
Anomalocaris was misidentified many times, as the mouth, front appendages and trunk (the rest of its body) were discovered separately multiple times, leading scientists to think for a while that these parts of Anomalocaris were, in fact, of three different animals.
Arthropods
Fossils
Lambert of Italy

Lambert (c. 880 - 15 October 898) was the King of Italy from 891, Holy Roman Emperor, co-ruling with his father from 892, and Duke of Spoleto and Camerino (as Lambert II) from his father's death in 894.
He was the son of Guy III of Spoleto and Ageltrude, born in San Rufino. He was the last ruler to issue a capitulary in the Carolingian tradition.
References
880s births
898 deaths
Kings and Queens of Italy
Holy Roman Emperors
Jerry M. Patterson

Jerry Mumford Patterson (born October 25, 1934) is an American lawyer and Democratic politician. He was born in El Paso, Texas. From 1973 until 2015, he was Mayor of Santa Ana, California. From 1975 until 1985, Patterson was a member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 38th congressional district.
Other websites
Guide to the Jerry M. Patterson Papers. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.
Official Coast Community College District Board biography
1934 births
Living people
American mayors
United States representatives from California
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from El Paso, Texas
People from Santa Ana, California
Lawyers from El Paso, Texas
Lawyers from California
Ringgold, Louisiana

Ringgold is a small town in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States. it is the second most populous municipality in Bienville Parish (after Arcadia)
References
Towns in Bienville Parish, Louisiana
Brighter Than the Sun

"Brighter Than the Sun" is a 2011 song by Colbie Caillat and is the second single from her third studio album All of You. It went to number 47 in the United States, number 65 in Canada, number 55 in Switzerland, number 31 in Austria, number 67 in South Korea and number 77 in Japan.
References
2011 songs
Folk-pop songs
Colbie Caillat songs
Gossypium sturtianum

Gossypium sturtianum, commonly called Sturt's Desert Rose, is the floral emblem of the Northern Territory. It was named after explorer Charles Sturt who found the plant in creeks near the site of Broken Hill, New South Wales in 1844. He collected the seeds and brought them back for Robert Brown (1773-1858), a Scottish botanist, to study.
A stylized drawing of the flower is used on the Northern Territory's flag.
References
Plants of Australia
Malvaceae
Reg Gasnier

Reginald William "Reg" Gasnier (12 May 1939 - 11 May 2014), also nicknamed "Gaz", was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach. He played centre for the St. George Dragons from 1959 to 1967 and represented Australia. He was on the National Rugby League's list of 100 greatest players and the honorary Team of the Century.
Gasnier was born in Mortdale, Sydney, New South Wales. He was the uncle of rugby league player Mark Gasnier.
Gasnier died from an illness on 11 May 2014 in Miranda, Sydney. He was 74 and would have turned 75 the next day. His wife and children, Peter and Kellie, outlived him.
References
Other websites
Reg Gasnier at Best Legenz
1939 births
2014 deaths
Australian rugby league players
Disease-related deaths in New South Wales
Order of Australia
Sportspeople from Sydney
Eugene V. Debs

Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs (November 5, 1855 - October 20, 1926) was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), and a five times candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies, as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. He earned about a million votes in one election while being in prison.
Early life
Debs was born on November 5, 1885 in Terre Haute, Indiana. He left school when he was 14 in order to work on scraping paint and grease off cars in the Vandalia Railroad on a 50 cent a day wage.
References
1855 births
1926 deaths
American socialists
Deaths from heart failure
Socialist politicians
Democratic socialists
Politicians from Indiana